Sargentia ?a continuation of the contributions from the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University.

SARGENTIA

A CONTINUATION OF THE
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM
OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY

FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, I]

Botanical Results of the 1940-41 Cruise of the “Cheng Ho”

BY

A. C. SMITH (and collaborators)

WITH FIVE TEXT-FIGURES

PUBLISHED BY
THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY
JAMAICA PLAIN, MASS., U. S. A.
1942

SARGENTIA

A CONTINUATION OF THE
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM
oF Harvarp UNIVERSITY

No. I, pp. i-iv, 1-148, with five text-figures
Issued July 20th, 1942

This first number of SARGENTIA is dedicated to Mrs. Anne Archbold,
of Washington, D. C., in appreciation of her interest in and support
of botanical investigations through the Philippine—Moluccas and the

Pacific cruises of the “Cheng Ho,” 1939-1941.

PRINTED BY THE LANCASTER Press, INc.
LANCASTER, Pa,

SARGENTIA: A WORD OF EXPLANATION
E. D. MERRILL

In 1932 there was established at the Arnold Arboretum a series of publications
under the general title of “Contributions from the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard
University,” planned to accommodate larger papers that were too extensive for
publication in ordinary serial literature. Between 1932 and 1938 eleven numbers
of this series appeared, varying in size from 91 to 230 pages each, as listed on the
third page of the cover of the present publication. This new series, under the
one-word title SARGENTIA, is planned to take similar future papers, and it is
expected that future numbers will be issued at irregular intervals as material
becomes ready for publication and as funds may be available to cover printing
costs.

From long bibliographic experience, I have become more and more impressed
with the desirability of simple one-word titles for periodicals. The principle of
one-word titles was established, in the botanical field, early in the past century,
with such serials as Linnaea (1826-1882), Flora (1818-1942), and numerous
others, but for the most part the titles of scientific periodicals, in botany as in
other branches of science, have been composed of several words. Not infre-
quently these titles are unduly long and cumbersome, causing considerable diffi-
culties to bibliographers who must cite them in some intelligible abbreviated form.
Generally speaking, individuals connected with sponsoring institutions have felt
impelled to use in their titles the name of the institution or organization that sup-
ports the publication, without much regard for convenience, descriptiveness, or
brevity. My personal feeling is that there is little need of glorifying the name
of the sponsoring unit when a short and appropriate title may be evolved from
the name of some individual prominent in the history and development of the
institution itself.

Thus, in 1925, while serving as Dean of the College of Agriculture of the
University of California, dissatisfied with a very long and cumbersome title for
one series of technical papers that had been established in 1923, I discontinued
this series and established in its place the technical periodical Hi_Garpia, with
a descriptive subtitle “A Journal of Agricultural Science published by the Cali-
fornia Agricultural Experiment Station.” This, the first real serial in the history
of the vast American Agricultural Experiment Station literature, other than the
“Experiment Station Record” published by the United States Department of
Agriculture, is now in its fourteenth volume and is still the only periodical in this
field with a one-word title. It was named in honor of an outstanding pioneer in
agricultural education and research, Dr. Eugene Woldemar Hilgard (1833-1916),
who organized the agricultural department of the University of California and
who founded the California Agricultural Experiment Station in 1875. In 1931,
while serving as Director of the New York Botanical Garden, I established the
technical periodical BrirronraA, named in honor of Dr. Nathaniel Lord Britton,
who organized the Garden and served as its first Director, from 1896 to 1929;
the descriptive subtitle in this case was “‘A series of botanical papers.” This is
now in its fourth volume. Finally, in 1941, the name of the Arnold Arboretum’s

iv SARGENTIA [1

“Bulletin of Popular Information” (1911-1940) was changed to ARNoLpIA, with
an explanatory subtitle “A continuation of the Bulletin of Popular Information
of the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University.” This title honors James Arnold
(1781-1868), whose bequest of $100,000 in 1868 led to the establishment of
the institution that bears his name.

The selection of the name SarRGENTIA for this new series of technical papers
needs little explanation. It is dedicated to Dr. Charles Sprague Sargent (1841-
1927), who organized the Arnold Arboretum and served as its first Director from
1872 until his death in 1927. It was due to Dr. Sargent’s vision, ability, initia-
tive, and support that, from the small beginnings of 1872, there was built up
during his lifetime an institution national and international in character, widely
and favorably known not only as a garden famed for the beauty of its landscape
and for the vast number of living plants that make up its collections, but also as
an outstanding research institution with its unsurpassed library, its great her-
barium, and its laboratories, and as a publishing institution ranking high in its
field. It seems to be eminently fitting that this series of papers, sponsored by
the institution that essentially represents the life-work of Charles Sprague
Sargent, should bear his name.

FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II'

BOTANICAL RESULTS OF THE 1940-41 CRUISE OF THE
“CHENG HO”

A. C. SMITH (AND COLLABORATORS )

with five text-figures

The greater part of the material which forms the basis of this treatment was
collected in Fiji in 1940-41 by Mr. Otto Degener, a member of the Pacific cruise
of the “Cheng Ho,” sponsored by Mrs. Anne Archbold. The botanical collections
were made with the cooperation of the Arnold Arboretum and the New York
Botanical Garden. Mr. Degener obtained about 2100 field numbers, mostly
represented by many duplicates. After the conclusion of his field work in June,
1941, additional specimens were collected and forwarded by one of his Fijian
assistants.

The area covered by members of the expedition centered on the largest island,
Viti Levu, where numerous regions near the coasts were visited. Mr. Degener
also spent several weeks in the mountains of Tholo North Province, and addi-
tional work was done in the Savu Savu Bay region of Vanua Levu. A few
smaller islands were briefly visited. Much of the credit for the success of Mr.
Degener’s work, he informs me, should be given to his several assistants, and
especially to Emilio Ordonez of Honolulu and Aloisio Tabualewa and Timoci
Bebe of Viti Levu. The collection was made possible primarily by the generosity
of Mrs. Archbold, and to her the writer is especially grateful, as the material
assembled during the cruise of the “Cheng Ho” proves to be of great importance
in a study of the Pacific flora. It has been a pleasure for the writer and his
associates to name several species in honor of Mrs. Archbold.

While working on the Degener material, I have taken the opportunity to re-
examine many of the older collections, of which some specimens remained un-
determined or only provisionally named. Material so studied, collected chiefly
by John W. Gillespie and the writer, is cited in this treatment. I have also been
fortunate in receiving recent shipments of Fijian plants from Mr. William
Greenwood of Lautoka and Miss Lorna Reay of Nandarivatu, whom I wish to
thank for their kind collaboration.

I have been privileged to examine material deposited in several institutions
other than the Arnold Arboretum (A), namely the Bernice P. Bishop Museum
(Bish), Gray Herbarium (GH), New York Botanical Garden (NY), University
of California (UC), U. S. National Herbarium (US), and U. S. National
Arboretum [Bureau of Plant Industry] (USNA). For the loan of certain
groups from these institutions I am indebted to their respective Directors and
Curators. Place of deposit, in the following citations, is indicated by the above
parenthetical letters.

Several specialists consented to examine the material of selected families, and
some of them have kindly permitted the incorporation of their discoveries in this

1See Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 1-166. f. 1-83. 1936.

2 SARGENTIA {1

paper. The author greatly appreciates the cooperation of the following students:
Caroline K. Allen (Lauraceae), Agnes Chase (Gramineae), E. B. Copeland
(Pteridophyta), Leon Croizat (Euphorbiaceae), F. R. Fosberg (Ebenaceae,
Rubiaceae), Charles Gilly (Sapotaceae), R. A. Howard (Icacinaceae), E. P.
Killip (Passifloraceae), C. E. Kobuski (Theaceae, Oleaceae), E. D. Merrill and
L. M. Perry (Pandanaceae, Myrtaceae), H. N. Moldenke (Verbenaceae), Hugh
O’Neill (Cyperaceae), W. T. Swingle (Citrus), L. O. Williams (Orchidaceae),
and T. G. Yuncker (Peperomia, Cuscuta). Especial thanks are due Dr. E. D.
Merrill, for his aid in making preliminary determinations, and Prof. I. W.
Bailey, for suggestions concerning certain puzzling specimens. The extensive
card-catalogue of Polynesian references compiled by Dr. Merrill, now being
kept up to date at the Arnold Arboretum, has been of the greatest value in
bibliographic work, as has also his Polynesian Botanical Bibliography, 1773-1935
(Bishop Mus. Bull. 144. 1937) and its manuscript supplement. The text-
figures have been prepared by Mr. Gordon W. Dillon, with the exception of
one made by Dr. Howard.

In this treatment only new and unusual plants are discussed, in the hope that
further study of the Fijian flora will permit re-description of all the plants known
from the archipelago. Ninety-one species, eight varieties, and two forms are
described as new ; 63 of these entities are based on the collections of Mr. Degener
and his assistants (at least as regards the type specimen), while the remaining
38 are based on earlier collections. In addition it has been found necessary to
propose 43 new combinations and six new names. An additional 53 species or
varieties are reported from Fiji for the first time (at least in strictly botanical
literature) ; of these, 17 are apparently indigenous while 36 are weeds or other-
wise introduced plants.

Of particular interest are several families which have not previously been
reported from Fiji; these are the Balanopsidaceae and Lobeliaceae (represented
by indigeous plants), and the Bromeliaceae, Crassulaceae, Polygalaceae, Bixaceae,
Turneraceae, Lythraceae, and Onagraceae (represented by non-indigenous
plants). The following genera, containing indigenous species, are first reported
from Fiji: Helicoma, Trilocularia, Pseudomorus, Deeringia, Desmos, Xylopia,
Pueraria, Drypetes, Trigonostemon, Citronella, Harpullia, Gonystylus, Pemphis,
Dyschoriste, and Lobelia. Non-indigenous species represent the following gen-
era which appear to be otherwise unrecorded from Fiji in botanical literature:
Ananas, Bryophyllum, Chrysobalanus, Schrankia, Polygala, Koelreuteria, Bixa,
Turnera, Cuphea, Lawsonia, Clidemia, Jussiaea, Catharanthus, Operculina,
OQuamoclit, Lantana, Pogostemon, Thunbergia, Coccinea, Mikania, Spilanthes,
Synedrella, and Youngia. Doubtless some of the introduced species and genera
which I here presume to record as new to Fiji have already been reported from
the group. Members of the very active Department of Agriculture in Fiji have
long been occupied with a study of weed-control, as indicated by numerous papers
in the Agricultural Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Fiji, now in its
thirteenth volume. As publications of this sort are often not available to botani-
cal students, I take the liberty of listing certain “new records” which actually are
new only to the specialized taxonomic literature.

From the viewpoint of phytogeography, probably the most interesting species
discussed in this paper are Trilocularia vitiensis (Balanopsidaceae), Desmos in-
sularis (Annonaceae), and Gonystylus punctatus (Thymeliaceae), which repre-
sent substantial extensions of generic ranges. In the Orchidaceae, Acanthophip-

1942} SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 3

pium vitiense L. O. Williams (in Am. Orch. Soc. Bull. 10: 169. 1941), based
on the Degener collection, represents a notable generic range-extension. The
following genera are revised for the region and keys to the Fijian species pro-
posed: Elatostema, Procris, Pipturus, Homalium, Phaleria, Medinilla, Astro-
nidium, Couthovia, and Hoya.

Families and genera are discussed in the order established in Dalla Torre and
Harms, Genera Siphonogamarum.

POLYPODIACEAE
By E. B. CopeLtanp

Tectaria Degeneri Copeland, sp. nov.

Inter T. latifoliam et T. Godeffroyi; stipite et rhachibus ebeneis nitidis ; lamina
ovata, 60 cm. lata, bipinnata, pinnis suboppositis inferioribus pedicellatis ; pinnis
infimis 45 cm. longis, pinnulis infimis sessilibus, usque ad 20 cm. longis et 2 cm.
latis sinuato-lobatis, sequentibus 1—2-paribus adnatis conformibus, pinnis pleris-
que ad alam 2-10 mm. latam pinnatifidis segmentis linearibus sinuatis, obscuris,
tenuiter herbaceis, glabris; venis laxe anastomosantibus cum liberis ramosis vel
hamatis inclusis; soris sparsis, dorsalibus, indusio plerumque carente, hic illuc
vestigiale fusco.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nauwanga, vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 750-900. m.,
Degener 14478 (GH, Herb. E. B. Copeland, type), Feb. 24, 1941 (in rich forest; native
name: turalo), Degener 14873 (GH, Herb. E. B. Copeland) (in dense forest; native name:
turalo; fronds edible when boiled).

One of the group of T. latifolia; more particularly related to T. Godeffroyi,
and apparently representing a stage in the evolution of the latter species. The
pinnules, respectively the segments of pinnatifid pinnae or parts of pinnae, are
remarkably slender.

Tectaria elegans Copeland, sp. nov.

Adesse videtur pars medialis profunde bipinnatifida frondis; rhachi 3 mm.
crassa, brunnea, minutissime velutina; pinnis contiguis, subsessilibus, horizon-
talibus, 40-45 cm. longis, 10-12 cm. latis, acutis, basi rotundatis, ad alam latam
pinnatifidis ; segmentis permultis contiguis, ca. 7 cm. longis, 18 mm. latis, acutis,
inciso-serratis dentibus 2 mm. longis et latis, herbaceis, glabris; venis areolas
perlongas costas secus includentibus, alibi laxe anastomosantibus venulis inclusis
nullis; soris ad venas anastomosantes dorsalibus, inferioribus interdum oblongis
caeteris permultis orbicularibus, indusiis ferrugineis reniformibus caducis.

Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Savuthuru Mt., Savu Savu Bay region, alt. about
300 m., Degener & Ordones 15544 (GH, Herb. E. B. Copeland, type), Dec. 1940 or Jan. 1941.

In spite of the relatively well developed reticulation of the veins, the affinity
seems to be to Pleocnemia.

Arthropteris Archboldiae Copeland, sp. nov.

A. tenellae affinis, soris indusiatis distincta; rhizomate late scandente, 1 mm.
crasso, paleis nigris acutis 0.3-0.5 mm. longis plerisque appressis vestito ; pedi-
cellis ca. 2 mm. longis; stipitibus ca. 1 cm. longis inconspicue articulatis ; lamina
20-25 cm. longa, deorsum angustata pinnis remotis, rhachi inferne velutina ;
pinnis sessilibus, superioribus usque ad 4 cm. longis et 8 mm. latis subacutis
obscure crenulatis, basi acroscopice obscure auriculatis basiscopice anguste cunea-
tis, herbaceis, glabris; soris inframedialibus, parvis, indusiis fuscis, reniformibus
vel orbiculari-reniformibus.

4 SARGENTIA fl

Vitr Levu: Ra: Southwest of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m., Degener 15514
(GH, Herb. E. B. Copeland, type), June 7, 1941 (climbing smooth-barked trees in dense
forest).

Arthropteris tenella (Forst.) J. Sm. is a reasonably uniform species in New
Zealand, Norfolk Island, and Australia, its rhizomes bearing squarrose, rusty,
more ample paleae, and its sori being naked. It has been reported from New
Caledonia, but two specimens described below represent an intermediate species,
suggestive on the one hand of A. tenella and on the other of A. Archboldiae.
Arthropteris neocaledonica Copeland, sp. nov.

A. tenellae affinis, major, paleis nigris acutis appressis, soris nudis e facie
superiore pinnae punctiforme expressis.

Rhizome 2 mm. thick ; stipe 5 mm. long ; lamina 30-40 cm. long; largest pinnae
6 cm. long, 11 mm. wide, medial (not distal), truncate rather than auricled on
the upper side at the base.

NEW CALEDONIA: Mt. Koghi, alt. 300 m., Franc 834 (UC, type [no. 393175] ),
France 2001 (UC).

The new species is like A. tenella in most respects, but like 4. Archboldiae in
its black paleae, and unlike both in having the position of the sorus well marked
on the upper surface.

PANDANACEAE
By FE. D. Merritt ANp L. M. Perry

Freycinetia Degeneri Merr. & Perry, sp. nov.

Scandens; ramulis apicem versus + 6 cm. crassis, internodiis brevissimis 2-3
mm. longis; foliis 20-25 cm. longis, + 9 mm. latis, sensim attenuato-acuminatis
fere subulatis, margine in parte basilari et apicali media saepissime breviter et
inconspicue serrato-denticulatis, costa ultra medium in pagina inferiore remote et
minute denticulata, auriculis demum + solutis deciduis; inflorescentiis termi-
nalibus circiter 5 cm. longis; spathis caducis; pedicellis fere 3 cm. longis par-
cissime et minute spinuloso-setosis tantum; syncarpiis 3-nis subglobosis, im-
maturis 1.5 cm. diametro vel 1.5 cm. longis, 1 cm. diametro; baccis numerosis
sublinearibus vel sublageniformibus angulatis, in sicco circiter 4-5 mm. longis
fere ad basim liberis, apice annulo cinctis ; stigmatibus 2—4.

Viti Levu: Serua: Vatuvilakia, vicinity of Ngaloa, in forest, alt. 0-150 m., Degener
15128 (A, type), May 1941 (liana; fresh roots pounded and fibers used in binding grass
for houses).

This species may be related to Freycinetia Hombronii Martelli of Samoa, but it
differs in the smaller leaves with deciduous auricles and the practically glabrous
pedicels of the syncarps.

Freycinetia intermedia Merr. & Perry, sp. nov.

Scandens; ramulis apicem versus 6-10 mm. diametro, internodiis brevibus cir-
citer 5 mm. longis; foliis 30-45 cm. longis, usque 2 cm. latis, sensim attenuato-
acuminatis caudatis, cauda 3-3.5 cm. longa, margine in parte basilari et apicali
(cauda praecipue) serrato-denticulatis, media saepissime integris, costa in pagina
inferiore (basim versus excepta) minute et remote spinuloso-serrata, auriculis
demum solutis deciduis; inflorescentiis terminalibus + 6 cm. longis, spathis
caducis, pedicellis glabris; syncarpiis 3-nis immaturis oblongis, 2 cm. longis, + 1
cm. latis; baccis parte inferiore excepta liberis sublinearibus angulatis, apice an-
nulo levi cinctis ; stigmatibus saepissime 3-4.

Vitrt Levu: Serua: Mount Ngamo, vicinity of Ngaloa, in forest, alt. 0-150 m.,
Degener 15054 (A, Type), April 1941 (liana; roots softened and pounded in water and bark
removed, then used as string for house-building; native name: wa me).

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II +]

This species is most like Freycinetia Milnei Seem. and F. Pritchardii Seem. It
differs from the first in the shorter and narrower leaves and the smaller syncarp ;
from the second it may be distinguished by the shape of the berries.

TRIURIDACEAE

Andruris vitiensis (A. C. Sm.) Giesen in Pflanzenr. 104 (IV. 18): 28. 1938.

Sciaphila vitiensis A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 15. f. 5. 1936.

VaNnua Levu: Thakaundrove: Eastern drainage of Yanawai River, alt. 120 m.,
Degener & Ordonez 14077 (GH) (in leaf-mould in dense forest; entire plant purplish red).

This is the second collection of the species (and family) known to me from
Fiji, the type having been obtained on Vanua Mbalavu. Mr. William Greenwood
writes that he has collected a specimen of the family near Lambasa, on the north
coast of Vanua Levu, but this collection is not available to me.

GRAMINEAE

(determinations by Agnes Chase)

The only modern comprehensive lists of the grasses known from Fiji were
published by Summerhayes and Hubbard (in Kew Bull. 1927: 18-44. 1927;
1930: 252-265. 1930) ; 71 species were reported by them. The present collection
includes five species which they did not list and which appear to be unrecorded
from the group, while five other species were reported by Summerhayes and
Hubbard under different names from those in use in the U. S. National Her-
barium. In order to record these names in the literature dealing with Fijian
plants, the following ten species are listed.

Microstegium glabratum (Trin.) A. Camus in Ann, Soc. Linn. Lyon n. s. 68: 201. 1921.
Vitt Levu: *Tholo West: Lumuka, vicinity of Mbelo, near Vatukarasa, alt. 240 m,,
Degener 15222 (GH, US) (forming thick patches on sunny moist slopes; native name:
omanuna) ; Serua: Waimbale near Namboutini, Degener 15472 (GH, US) (in sunny wet
clearing in forest). VaNnua Levu: Thakaundrove: Uluinabathi Mt., Savu Savu Bay
region, alt. 60 m., Degener & Ordones 13932 (GH, US) (gregarious on wet sunny slopes).
This species, presumably not uncommon in Fiji, was reported as Pollinia
glabrata Trin. by Summerhayes and Hubbard (p. 28, 254).
Andropogon annulatus Forsk. Fl. Aegypt. Arab. 173. 1775.
Vitt Levu: Rewa: Vicinity of Suva, Degener & Ordonez 13512 (GH, US) (road-
side weed, along shore).
Reported by Summerhayes and Hubbard (p. 29, 255) as Dichanthium annu-
latum (Forsk.) Stapf.

Andropogon glaber Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1: 271. 1820.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Korovou, east of Tavua, alt. 60-90 m., Degener 14960
(GH, US) (on dryish grassy plain; native name: othangithangi).

Mentioned by Summerhayes and Hubbard (p. 29, 254) as Amphilophis glabra
(Roxb.) Stapf.

Panicum oxyphyllum Hochst. ex Steud. Syn. Pl. Gram. 65. 1854.

Vitt Levu: Tholo West: Uluvatu, vicinity of Mbelo, near Vatukarasa, alt. 300 m.,
Degener 15231 (GH, US) (in forest). Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Between
Valanga and Valethi, near sea-level, Degener & Ordonez 14037 (GH, US) (edge of forest).

In mentioning this species as Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum (Hochst.) Stapf, Sum-
merhayes & Hubbard (p. 38, 259) imply that the plants which Seemann (FI. Vit.

6 SARGENTIA [1

325. 1873) cites as Panicum trigonum Retz. belong here. The species is common
in Fiji.
Panicum trigonum Retz. Obs. Bot. 3: 9. 1783.

Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Waina, Maravu, near Salt Lake, alt. 15 m,
Degener & Ordonez 14149 (GH, US) (in shrubby pasture).

If Summerhayes and Hubbard are correct in referring Seemann’s specimens
of “Panicum trigonum” to P. oxyphyllum Hochst., as mentioned above, it would
seem that the true P. trigonum is here first recorded from Fiji.

Panicum reptans L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 870. 1759.

Vint Levu: Tholo North: Korovou, east of Tavua, alt. 60 m., Degener 14959 (GH,
US) (on dryish grassy plain).

Reported by Summerhayes and Hubbard (p. 35, 258) as Urochloa reptans
(L.) Stapf. The name Panicum reptans appears in the literature pertaining to
Hawaii and Micronesia.

Oplismenus undulatitolius (Ard.) R. & S. Syst. Veg. 2: 482. 1817.

Virt Levu: Tholo North: Nandarivatu, alt. about 750 m., Degener 14384 (GH,
US) (along forest trail).

Although mentioned from Australasia and other parts of the South Pacific, this
species has been unreported from F1j1.

Setaria geniculata (Lam.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 51. 1812.

Vitt Levu: Rewa: Suva, near sea-level, Degener & Ordones 13514 (GH, US)
(roadside weed).

Previously reported, in the Pacific, only from Hawaii.

Aristida aspera Swallen in Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 26: 177. 1936.

MAKOoNpDRONGA: Degener & Ordonez 13810 (GH, US) (on dry forested slopes, alt.
60 m.).

The cited collection is of especial interest as representing the second collection
of the species; the type is from Rapa.

Arundo donax L. Sp. Pl. 81. 1753.

Vitt Levu: Serua: Degener 15170 (GH, US) (in open forest in rainy region, alt.
about 120 m.; plant to 3 m. high; reed used in house-building; native name: ngasau
vavalang!).

This species has been reported, in the Pacific, only from Hawaii.

BROMELIACEAE

Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. Interpret. Herb. Amb. 133. 1917.

Ananas sativus Schult. f. Syst. 7(2): 1283. 1830; Christoph. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 128: 47.
1935.

Vitt Levu: Tholo West: Uluvatu, vicinity of Mbelo, near Vatukarasa, alt. 300 m.,
Degener 15238 (GH) (more or less naturalized in wet forest; native name: vandra).

I have not seen any other specimens of the common pineapple, nor of the
family, collected in Fiji. Degener reports that the species does not grow in all
parts of Viti Levu, but has been known for years in the cited locality. It is prob-
ably more common as an escape than the lack of herbarium records implies.
Christophersen states that it is commonly found in a natural state in Samoa. The
Fijian common name vandra is usually referred to Pandanus tectorius Sol.

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 7

MUSACEAE

Heliconia Bihai L. Mant. 2: 211. 1771; K. Schum. in Pflanzenr. 1 (IV. 45): 36. 1900;
Christoph. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 128: 54. 1935.

Vitr Levu: Tholo North: Nauwanga, near Nandarivatu, alt. 750 m., Degener
14352 (GH) (native name: paka; seeds edible when cooked); Naitasiri: Suva Pumping
Station, alt. 90 m., Degener & Ordonez 13988 (GH). Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove:
Savu Savu Bay region, Vatunivuamonde Mt., alt. 300 m., Degener & Ordonez 14011 (GH).
KanpAvu: Hills above Namalata and Ngaloa Bays, alt. 200-400 m., Smith 193 (NY).

Although it is said to be common in Samoa, New Caledonia, and the Solomons,
this widespread species has not previously been recorded from Fiji.

ZINGIBERACEAE

The conservation of Alpinia Roxb. over Languas Koenig (Kew Bull. 1940:
95. 1940) makes necessary a new combination for a Fijian species.

Alpinia Parksii (Gillespie) comb. nov.

Languas Parksii Gillespie in Bishop Mus. Bull. 91: 4. f. 7. 1932.

Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Savu Savu Bay region, Savuthuru Mt., alt. 90 m.,
Degener & Ordonez 1382la (GH) (herb to 3 m. high, in forest; fruit pale yellow) ; Vatuni-
vuamonde Mt., alt. 300 m., Degener & Ordonez 14043 (GH) (coarse herb to 3 m. high, in
open forest; corolla white; fruit pale yellow; native name: lotholotho) ; southern slope of
Korotini Range, below Navitho Pass, alt. 300-650 m., Smith 509 (NY) (herb to 2 m. high,
on edge of forest; inflorescence 60 cm. long; perianth white; native name: lotholotho).

This species has previously been reported only from the type locality on Viti
Levu.

Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum. in Pflanzenr. 20 (IV. 46): 323. 1904.

KaNpAVvU: Namalata Isthmus region, near sea-level, Smith 8 (GH, NY) (herb, to 2 m.
high; bracts bright red; edge of mangrove swamp).

Although this species has been reported from various other Pacific groups, in-
cluding the Marquesas, Societies, Samoa, Carolines, etc., I believe this to be the
first record from Fiji. On Kandavu the species was growing near a village and
may have been an escape from cultivation.

ORCHIDACEAE
By L. O. WILLIaAmMs

Habenaria scrotiformis L. O. Williams, sp. nov.

Herbae terrestres graciles usque ad ca. 6 dm. altae. Folia lineari-elliptica acuta
vel acuminata. Sepalum dorsale ovato-lanceolatum obtusum. Sepala lateralia
ovalia obliqua obtusa. Petala ovato-lanceolata obliqua. Labellum trilobatum
tricallosum carnosum; lobis lateralibus linearibus vel lineari-oblongis, incurvatis,
obtusis ; lobo medio quam lobis lateralibus breviore, subtriangulari, obtuso ; calcare
scrotiformi.

Slender terrestrial herbs up to about 6 dm. tall. Leaves when mature 6-16 cm.
long and 0.8-1.6 cm. broad, linear-elliptic, acute or acuminate, thin, mostly near
the middle of the stem, the leaf-sheaths and cauline bracts amplexicaul. Inflores-
cence a strict, many-flowered, lax spike up to about 25 cm. long; bracts 3-15 mm.
long, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, about as long as or ex-
ceeding the ovary. Flowers small for the genus, greenish. Dorsal sepal 2-2.5
mm. long and about 1.25 mm. broad, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, I-nerved. Lateral
sepals 2-2.5 mm. long and 1-1.5 mm. broad, obliquely oval, obtuse, I-nerved, the

8 SARGENTIA (1

ODON TOCHILUS |
3 Degeneri a ozs

scroti form is cL. ohms

Fig. 1. 1-4. Odontochilus Degeneri; 1. habit, X 1; 2. side view of flower, X 2%; 3.
side view of column and lip, X 5; 4. lip, spread out, X 5. 5-11. Habenaria scrotiformis;
5. habit, X 1%; 6. side view of flower, X 5; 7. lip, from above, X 10; 8. side view of
lip, X 10; 9. dorsal sepal, X 10; 10. lateral sepal, X 10; 11. petal, X 10.

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 9

base slightly adnate to the lip. Petals 2-2.5 mm. long and 1.5-2 mm. broad, ob-
liquely ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 2-nerved. Lip about 4 mm. long and about 1.5
mm. broad at base, prominently 3-lobed, with three conspicuous mammillate cal-
luses toward the base, fleshy; lateral lobes linear or linear-oblong, strongly in-
curved, obtuse; mid-lobe much shorter than the laterals, subtriangular, obtuse;
spur about 1.5 mm. long and about 1 mm. in diameter, scrotiform, with a short,
small neck.

Vanvua Levu: Thakaundrove: Hills east of Valanga, Savu Savu Bay region, alt.
about 100 m., Degener & Ordonez 13917 (typE in Herb. Ames), Dec. 30, 1940 (terrestrial
in rich woods).

Habenaria scrotiformis is the smallest flowered species of Habenaria known to
occur in Oceania. It is allied to H. physoplectra Reichb. f., from which it is dis-
tinguished by the smaller flowers with slightly different lip and petals and by the
narrower leaves.

Odontochilus Degeneri L. O. Williams, sp. nov.

Herbae parvae terrestres usque ad 12 cm. altae. Folia anguste vel late ovata
acuta. Sepalum dorsale oblongo-lanceolatum obtusum leviter pubescens. Sepala
lateralia sepalo dorsale conformia sed obliqua. Petala lanceolata obtusa undulata
leviter obliqua. Labellum basi saccatum angustum cucullatum, apice reniformi-
trilobulatum. Columna generis.

Small terrestrial herbs up to about 12 cm. tall. Stems short, weak, probably
from a rhizome, the leaves mostly at or above the middle, the upper node usually
pubescent. Leaves 1-3 cm. long and 0.8-2.3 cm. broad, narrowly to broadly
ovate, acute, extended into a short semiamplexicaul petiole. Inflorescence a
1-few-flowered raceme ; bracts up to about 1 cm. long, lanceolate, acute, glabrous
or crisped-pubescent. Dorsal sepal about 10 mm. long and 3 mm. broad, nar-
rowly oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, I-nerved, sparingly pubescent dorsally. Lateral
sepals about 11 mm. long and 3.5 mm. broad, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, I-nerved,
somewhat oblique, sparingly pubescent dorsally. Petals about 10 mm. long and
4 mm. broad, lanceolate, obtuse, undulate, somewhat oblique, I-nerved. Lip
about 10 mm. long and about 5 mm. broad at apex, saccate, the terminal portion
broadest, reniform-trilobulate, the basal portion saccate at base, with the con-
necting part narrow, cucullate, fleshy, rugose, the spur 2-4 mm. long. Column
of the genus, about 3 mm. long; anther 3-4 mm. long, surpassing the column.
Ovary slightly pubescent.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nauwanga, near Nandarivatu, alt. about 750 m., Degener
14736 (Typ in Herb, Ames), March 6, 1941 (terrestrial in swampy forest; perianth pure
white).

Odontochilus Degeneri seems to be more closely allied to O. klabatensis Schltr.
from Celebes than it is to the few species of the genus known in the Oceanic
Islands. The genera Odontochilus, Anectochilus and Cheirostylis, all described
by Blume, are separated on rather recondite characters, as are some of the other
genera of this affinity. It is possible that a generic study of this group will show
Odontochilus to be the same as Anectochilus. Odontochilus longiflorus (Reichb.
f.) Benth. & Hook., a Fijian species which I transferred to Cheirostylis in 1939,
I now believe to be an Odontochilus.

Acanthophippium vitiense L. O. Williams (in Am. Orch. Soc. Bull. 10: 169.
1941) and Liparis orbiculata L. O. Williams (1. c. 201) were also based on the
Degener Fijian collection. The Acanthophippium is of especial interest, extend-
ing the known range of the genus eastward from New Guinea.

10 SARGENTIA {1

PIPERACEAE
Piper Timothianum sp. nov.

Frutex ad 3 m. altus, ramis ramulisque ad nodos conspicue incrassatis, ramulis
apicem versus gracilibus, teretibus brunneo-strigulosis mox glabris; folts alter-
natis, petiolis 8-30 mm. longis fere ad apicem vaginantibus (alis inferne ad 2 mm.
latis superne ad petiolum attenuatis) primo brunneo-puberulis mox glabris, lami-
nis siccitate papyraceis fusco-olivaceis ovato-ellipticis, 8-17 cm. longis, 6-12 cm.
latis, basi aequaliter rotundatis vel truncatis, apice conspicue cuspidatis vel breviter
acuminatis (acumine ad 15 mm. longo obtuso), margine integro, utrinque glabris
vel subtus ad nervos basim versus inconspicue cinereo-puberulis, (5-) 7-9-nerviis,
nervis e basi divergentibus supra leviter elevatis vel subplanis subtus promi-
nentibus, rete venularum sparso subtus interdum prominulo; inflorescentiis Q
solis visis in axillis foliorum 3 vel 4 (raro 2) aggregatis, pedunculis gracilibus
sub anthesi circiter 5 mm. sub fructu ad 35 mm. longis cum rhachi juventute
minute brunneo-strigosis mox glabris, spicis crassis demum ad 7 mm. diametro
sub anthesi 8-12 mm. sub fructu 14-35 mm. longis; bracteis liberis peltatis stipi-
tatis, stipite brevi obscure glanduloso-strigoso, pelta submembranacea circiter 0.6
mim. diametro mox evanescente ; ovario sessili pyriformi-ellipsoideo post anthesin
3-3.5 mm. longo et apicem versus 1.5—2 mm. diametro, apice rotundato vel demum
complanato, stigmatibus 3 vel 4 nigrescentibus sessilibus divaricatis circiter 0.2
min. longis.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nandarivatu, alt. 850 m. Degener & Ordonez 13570
(A, Type), Nov. 22, 1940 (spreading shrub about 1.5 m. high, in rain-forest) ; Nauwanga,
near Nandarivatu, alt. about 750 m., Degener 14360 (A) (shrub 3 m. high, in dense rich
forest; fruiting spikes red, suberect), Degener 14620 (A) (shrub, in dense forest; native
name: yanggovanggona) ; Nandrau, near Nandarivatu, alt. about 600 m., Degener 14891 (A).

Piper Timothianum, a member of the Section Macropiper C. DC., appears to
be closely related only to the common P. latifolium Forst., from which it obvi-
ously differs in its fewer nerves, its rounded or truncate rather than conspicuously
cordate leaf-bases, and its much shorter fruiting spikes. Several species de-
scribed by De Candolle were based on material from the vicinity of Nandarivatu,
but none of them seems closely related to the new species. Piper polystachyum
C. DC. is the only one of these which suggests P. Timothianum, but it differs in
its cordate leaf-blades, numerous nerves, semi-vaginate petioles, more numerous
and longer spikes, etc.

The specific name, chosen at Mr. Degener’s request, commemorates Timoci
Bebe (Timothy Mbembe), a Fijian collector whose assistance was of great value
during Mr. Degener’s work in Tholo North.

Piper Degeneri sp. nov.

Frutex 1 m. altus ubique glaber, ramulis gracilibus teretibus striatis apicem
versus 1-2 mm. diametro; stipulis apice ramulorum lanceolatis ad 1 cm. longis;
foliis alternatis, petiolis gracilibus 5-10 mm. longis, laminis chartaceis ellipticis,
6-9 cm. longis, 2.54.2 cm. latis, basi aequaliter obtusis, apice breviter acuminatis
(acumine 5-8 mm. longo obtuso), margine saepe minute recurvatis, pinnatinerviis,
costa utrinque paullo elevata, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 2-4 e costa infra me-
dium adscendentibus utrinque prominulis marginem versus inconspicue conjunctis,
rete venularum sparso utrinque leviter prominulo; inflorescentiis 2 solis visis
paucis apice ramulorum oppositifoliis, pedunculis gracilibus 2-4 mm. longis sic-
citate ut videtur nutantibus, spicis crassis (post anthesin 5-7 mm. diametro) 1—1.5
cm. longis, basi et apice rotundatis; bracteis liberis stipitatis, stipite 1.5-2 mm.
longo plerumque 3-angulato apicem versus pilis pallidis circiter 0.3 mm. longis
obscure strigoso, pelta submembranacea circiter 1 mm. diametro; ovario sessili
pyriformi post anthesin (in specimino nostro) ad 3 mm. longo et 15-2 mm.

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 11

diametro, summo complanato vel centro leviter depresso, stigmatibus 3-5 nigres-
centibus sessilibus radiatis circiter 0.2 mm. longis.

Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: East of Naunduna, eastern drainage of Yanawai
River, alt. 150 m., Degener & Ordones 14096 (A, tyre), Jan. 12, 1941 (shrub 1 m. high, in
dense forest; fruiting inflorescence erect, orange, becoming bright red when ripe).

According to the collectors only one plant of this species was seen; they men-
tion that the spikes were erect, but in the dried specimens they appear somewhat
reflexed. Piper Degeneri is characterized by its small pinnate-nerved leaf-blades
and its very short pistillate spikes with short peduncles. A member of the Sec-
tion Eupiper C. DC., the new species is not closely related to P. insectifugum
C. DC., the only previously known indigenous Fijian member of this section.
According to De Candolle’s comprehensive key (in Candollea 1: 67-232. 1923),
P. Degeneri is most closely allied to P. corylistachyon (Miq.) C. DC., a common
Philippine species with larger leaves and much longer spikes.

BALANOPSIDACEAE
Trilocularia vitiensis sp. nov.

Arbor ad 10 m. alta ubique glabra, ramulis ut videtur pauciramosis gracilibus
juventute viridibus et leviter angulatis demum cinereis et subteretibus; foliis
apicem ramulorum versus alternatis, petiolis gracilibus rugulosis 3-12 mm. longis
supra canaliculatis, laminis tenuiter coriaceis siccitate olivaceo-viridibus oblongo-
vel obovato-ellipticis, 6-12 cm. longis, 2.5—5 cm. latis, basi attenuatis et in petiolum
decurrentibus, apice obtusis vel acutis, margine integris saepe undulatis et incon-
spicue recurvatis, costa supra paullo canaliculata subtus prominente, nervis se-
cundariis utrinsecus 5-8 adscendentibus supra paullo prominulis subtus acute
elevatis marginem versus reticulo conjunctis, rete venularum supra subimmerso
subtus manifeste prominulo; inflorescentiis ¢ axillaribus vel e ramulis infra vel
inter folia orientibus plerumque solitariis, racemosis vel spicatis, stipite incon-
spicuo incluso 5-13 mm. longis, rhachi gracili (circiter 0.7 mm. diametro) siccitate
leviter angulata; floribus 8-15 per inflorescentiam bracteis papyraceis deltoideo-
ovatis acutis 1-1.5 mm. longis subtentis, inferioribus pedicellis gracilibus ad 1 mm.
longis praeditis, superioribus sessilibus; bracteolis receptaculorum 2 vel 3 mem-
branaceis ovatis acutis 0.5—1 mm. longis et latis, toro inconspicuo ; staminibus 3-6,
filamentis minutis ad 0.2 mm. longis, antheris oblongo-ellipsoideis, 1.5-2 mm.
longis, 1—-1.2 mm, latis, basi obscure cordatis, apice minute apiculatis, loculis rimis
elongatis lateralibus dehiscentibus ; rudimento ovarii nullo; floribus 9 non visis;
fructibus solitariis pedicellatis, pedicellis 12-15 mm. longis superne gradatim in-
crassatis saepe paullo curvatis ; bracteis pedicellorum 6-8 dispersis adpressis char-
taceis suborbicularibus, inferioribus circiter 0.5 mm. longis et 1 mm. latis, su-
perioribus ad 2 mm. longis et 3 mm. latis; bracteis involucrantibus circiter 8 im-
bricatis siccitate subcoriaceis semiorbicularibus vel late ovatis, apice minute cuspi-
datis vel rotundatis, margine breviter ciliolatis, exterioribus circiter 1.5 mm. longis
et 3 mm. latis, interioribus ad 5 mm. longis et 7 mm. latis; fructibus ellipsoideis
levibus, 13-15 mm. longis, 9-10 mm. diametro, basi et apice rotundatis, apice
stylis plus minusve persistentibus coronatis, pericarpio tenui papyraceo; stylis 3,
basi in columnam conspicuam circiter 1.5 mm. diametro connatis, superne liberis
et divergentibus, 2-3 mm. longis, fere ad basim bilobatis; seminibus 3 angulatis,
dorso convexis, 11-13 mm. longis, circiter 7 mm. latis, testa tenuiter coriacea.

Vitrt Levu: Ra: Southwest of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m., Degener 15519
(A) (tree, in forest); Mataimeravula, vicinity of Rewasa, alt. 50-200 m., Degener 15356
(A, Type), May 28, 1941 (tree 10 m. high, in forest; flowers yellow); Tholo North:
Vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 750-900 m., Degener 14300 (A) (tree 4 m. high, in open forest
along stream; fruit orange); Sovutawambu, near Nandarivatu, alt. 750-900 m., Degener
14600 (A), (tree, in open forest).

12 SARGENTIA {1

Of the cited collections, numbers 75356 and 15519 bear staminate inflores-
cences, while 14300 and 14600 are in fruit. This species is one of the most re-
markable discoveries of Mr. Degener’s recent collection, extending the known
range of the Balanopsidaceae from New Caledonia, Queensland, and the New
Hebrides to Fiji. It is surprising that the plant has not been obtained by an
earlier collector, and one may anticipate finding specimens of it in other parts of
herbaria.

ry
ae

=
5 nal

(RSS
py ea

Na

Fig. 2. Trilocularia vitiensis; a. flowering branchlet, X 4%; 0b. fruiting branchlet, X 14;
c. staminate inflorescence, X 2; d. staminate flower, X 5; e. fruit, 2.

Trilocularia vitiensis is closely related only to T. pedicellata Guillaumin, the
single species of the family known from the New Hebrides. From this the new
species differs in its more open habit, less congested foliage, and its thinner and
larger leaf-blades, which are more obviously nerved and have less sharply re-
curved margins. As the only known collection of T. pedicellata is in fruit, no
comparison on the basis of staminate inflorescence is possible. The fruit of the
New Hebrides plant appears to have a slightly more rugulose and perhaps thicker
pericarp than that of 7. vitiensis.

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 13

MORACEAE

Pseudomorus Brunoniana (Endl.) Bur. in Ann. Sci. Nat. V. 11: 372. 1869; in DC.
Prodr. 17: 249. 1873; Guillaumin in Jour. Arnold Arb. 13: 96. 1932.

Vitt Levu: Lautoka: North of Lomolomo, alt. 120 m., Degener & Ordones 13646
(A) (tree 3 m, high, with many leafy subhorizontal branches, in dry forest of ravine in a
small jagged range of hills; flowers whitish; leaves thin-coriaceous, dark green): Ra:
Mataimeravula, vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m., Degener 15419 (A) (on
dryish forested forehill; native name: masimasi, a name usually referred to Ficus spp. and
perhaps incorrectly used here); Tholo North: Korovou, east of Tavua, alt. 60-150 m.,
Degener 14956 (A) (shrub or small tree 2-3 m. high, in isolated dry forested ravine) ;
Nandala, vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 750 m., Degener 14852 (A) (tree 2-3 m. high, in dark
rocky forest below cliffs; trunk 3 cm. diam., with dark bark).

It is surprising that a plant with the above altitudinal range has not been previ-
ously recorded from Fiji. One may expect to find it among the earlier collec-
tions, and in fact, Mr. William Greenwood, according to an unpublished list which
he has kindly made available to me, has already obtained it. From the published
records which I can locate, the genus, with its single species, is not known to
occur between New Caledonia, the New Hebrides, and Micronesia on one hand
and Hawaii on the other. Several varieties and subvarieties have been proposed.
Whether or not the Hawaiian material is to be left with the Australasian remains
to be seen; as to the present collections, they are doubtless conspecific with the
New Hebrides specimens known to Guillaumin and also with the type from Nor-
folk Island.

URTICACEAE
ELatostEMA J, R. & G. Forst.

Schroter and Winkler (in Rep. Sp. Nov. Beih. 83(1, 2). 1935, 1936), in their
comprehensive and very useful monograph of Elatostema, divide the group into
four subgenera, Euelatostema, Pellionia, Elatostematoides, and Weddellia. The
first three of these occur in Fiji; the monographic treatment does not include de-
tailed study of Euelatostema. Although there are doubtless grounds for C. B.
Robinson’s separation (in Philip. Jour. Sci. Bot. 5: 497-501. 1910) of the group
into the genera Elatostema, Pellionia, and Elatostematoides, it seems probable
that most students will follow Schroter and Winkler in combining them. This
course is followed in the present consideration.

The species of Elatostema appear to be very local in distribution. Of the 13
species which I am able to recognize from Fiji, only one, E. australe (according
to Schroter & Winkl. in Rep. Sp. Nov. Beith. 83(2) : 123. 1936), is found beyond
the group. Authentic material of numerous Samoan species has been examined,
and when this was not available the descriptions were carefully studied; I con-
clude that none of the numerous species described from Samoa extend to Fiji.
Several of the older species have been widely interpreted and the names of three
of them have been recorded in the literature pertaining to Fijian plants.

Gibbs (in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 171. 1909) lists a specimen from Nandari-
vatu as representing E. sessile J. R. & G. Forst.; this may be either of the species
which I describe as E. palustre and E. tenellum, both of which superficially re-
semble E. sessile. Weddell (in DC. Prodr. 16(1): 172. 1869) interpreted £.
sessile very widely. The type collection was from the Society Islands and has
been described in a very informative discussion by Setchell (in Univ. Cal. Publ.
Bot. 12: 168. 1926). It has the upper leaf-surface marked with conspicuous
linear cystoliths. In the sense of Setchell, E. sessile is almost certainly lacking

14 SARGENTIA (1

from Fiji; among the Fijian specimens now available to me, the only one of this
relationship is the plant which I describe as E. palustre, which differs from E.
Sessile in numerous details of leaf-size, serration, pubescence, etc.

The name E. macrophyllum Brongn. has come into the Fijian literature on the
basis of a plant collected by Harvey, so determined by Weddell (in DC. Prodr.
16(1): 174. 1869) ; that specimen is referable to E. Seemannianum. A closer
relative of E. macrophyllum is described in the present treatment as E. insulare.
The Fijian specimens often determined as Pellionia elatostemoides Gaud. are
referable to E. australe.

Inflorescence characters are difficult to use in Elatostema, except in deter-
mining the subgenus. Characters pertaining to the pubescence are highly variable
and specific lines cannot be drawn satisfactorily by using them. The leaves show
a certain degree of stability in their texture, shape, size, and cystolith-markings,
and such characters have been freely used in the following key. Some of the
species will admittedly need amplification when more complete material from Fiji
is available.

KEY TO THE FIJIAN SPECIES

Inflorescences exinvolucrate; perianth-segments of pistillate flowers obvious, subequal to the
ovary or achene.

Perianth-segments not spurred; staminodes present in pistillate flowers; leaf-blades (of
Fijian sp.) 11-35 cm. long, (1.5—) 3.5-12.5 cm. broad (§ Elatostematoides)

1. E. australe.

Perianth-segments dorsally spurred, those of pistillate flowers sometimes with the spurs
reduced to mere thickenings; staminodes usually absent; leaf-blades (of Fijian spp.)
not exceeding 10 cm. in length and 3 cm. in breadth (§ Pellionia).

Leaf-blades elliptic-oblong, 3 or 4 times as long as broad, (1.5-) 3-9 (-10) cm. long,
(5-) 8-25 (-30) mm. broad, obtuse to obtusely acuminate at apex, the marginal
crenations (4-) 5-15 per side; staminate inflorescence 6—20-flowered, the perianth-
segments inconspicuously carinate-spurred .............0 cece cece eee 2. E. vitiense.

Leaf-blades narrowly oblong, 3-5 times as long as broad, 0.6-2.5 (-3) cm. long, 2-8 mm.
broad, obtuse at apex, the marginal crenations 3 or 4 per side; staminate inflorescence
2-10-flowered, the perianth-segments conspicuously corniculate

3. E. Archboldianum,

Leaf-blades linear-lanceolate, about 7 times as long as broad, 4-8 cm. long, 5-11 mm.
broad, gradually narrowed to an acuminate apex, the marginal crenations 5-10 per
side; staminate inflorescence 2—4-flowered, the perianth-segments conspicuously
OWE 5 fin sas is anes aa ee we eee cae ees oi sea even 4. E. comptonioides.

Inflorescences involucrate; perianth-segments of pistillate flowers inconspicuous, minute,
much shorter than the ovary or achene. (§ Euelatostema).

Leaf-blades without cystoliths on the upper surface, hispid on both surfaces, large (20-40
cm. long, 8-16 cm. broad) ; receptacles large, 8-22 mm. in diameter; bracteoles 4-7 mm.
NM 855 ote oa as ae ala a et baa 4 oes 6a ERE a a na ea wow ian 5. E. nemorosum,

Leat-blades with obvious cystoliths on the upper surface.

Cystoliths of the upper leaf-surface linear, straight, not branched, rarely slightly angled.

Coarse or suffruticose herbs, usually more than 1 m. high, the cystoliths of the upper
leaf-surface 0.25-0.5 mm. long.
Leaf-blades about twice as long as broad, up to 15 cm. long and 7 cm. broad, the

secondary nerves 3-6 per side .......0 00... c cece ee cee tees 6. E. fruticosum,
Leaf-blades about 3 times as long as broad, (11-) 15-26 cm. long, (3-) 4-9.5 cm.
broad, the secondary nerves 8-12 per side .................000-. 7. E. insulare.

Low herbs, the stems up to 50 cm. high, often subprostrate toward base, the cystoliths
of the upper leaf-surface 0.1-0.3 mm. long.
Leaf-blades obovate, 3-6 cm. broad, subsessile, strongly inaequilateral at base, the
longer side cordate-subauriculate; receptacles 8-18 mm. in diameter
8. E. palustre.
Leaf-blades oblong-lanceolate, less than 2 cm. broad, short-petiolate, attenuate at
base; receptacles 2-6 mm. in diameter .......... 0.00.00 ee eeee 13. E. humile.

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 15

Cystoliths of the upper leaf-surface stellate (3-5-parted) or punctiform, sometimes
merely angled, rarely straight and linear.
Coarse herbs, at least 50 cm. high; leaf-blades comparatively large, more than 10 cm.
long and 3 cm. broad.
Leaf-blades narrowly obovate-oblong, less than 4.5 cm. broad, 4 or 5 times as long
as broad; staminate receptacles 4-5 mm. in diameter ........ 9. EF. Gilles piet.
Leaf-blades usually more than 4.5 cm. broad, about 3 times as long as broad; stami-
nate receptacles more than 5 mm. in diameter.
Staminate receptacles 10-35 mm. in diameter; leaf-blades large, (15—) 18-40 cm.
long, 6-15 cm. broad, usually subentire toward base ..10. E. Seemannianum.
Staminate receptacles 5-9 mm, in diameter; leaf-blades smaller, 10-18 cm. long,
(3.5-) 4.5-7 cm. broad, conspicuously serrate at the entire margin
11. EF. eximium.
Low herbs, up to 50 cm. high, the stem often subprostrate toward base; leaf-blades
comparatively small, up to 9.5 cm. long and 2.7 cm. broad.
Leaf-blades 20-27 mm. broad, about 3 times as long as broad, subsessile, often sub-

Aurictvate .On-one- side at DASE .1..- 4. ss Fed Shin ws ee oe 12. E. tenellum.
Leaf-blades 8-18 mm. broad, 4 or 5 times as long as broad, short-petiolate, attenuate
AEMDASES Force cde eine ern Te cin cs ceateenhe sre hin oe ESI 13. A. humile.

1. Elatostema (§ Elatostematoides) australe (Wedd.) Hall. f. in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz.
13: 316. 1896; Schroter & Winkl. in Rep. Sp. Nov. Beih. 83(2): 122. pi. 33. 1936.
Pellionia elatostemoides sensu Seem. FI. Vit. 239. 1868; Gibbs in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39:
171, 1909; non Gaud.

Pellionia australis Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 16(1): 169. 1869; Seem. Fl. Vit. 432. 1873.

Pellionia elatostemoides var. pubescens Turrill in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 43: 39. 1915.

Elatostema australe, the only Fijian representative of the subgenus Elatostema-
toides, appears to be the most abundant Fijian Elatostema. The type, collected
on Ovalau by Vieillard, has the nerves pilose on the lower leaf-surface, as do
many of the available specimens. Other specimens, however, have the leaves
completely glabrous, and since there is no definite line between these extremes,
I doubt if they are worthy of nomenclatural recognition. Some specimens, as
e.g. Smith 83, have both glabrous and pilose leaves on the same individual. The
range of leaf-size is considerable, the length varying from 11-35 cm. and the
breadth from (rarely 1.5—) 3.5-12.5 cm. Schréter and Winkler do not account
for Turrill’s varietal combination, although they cite im Thurn 286, the type
collection, without comment as F. australe. In citing the Fijian material available
to me, I arrange it in (1) plants with the lower leaf-surface pilose, at least on the
principal nerves, and (2) plants with the leaves completely glabrous.

(1). Virr Levu: Ra: Vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, Degener 15434 (A); Tholo
East: Wainimala River below Matawailevu, St. John 18256 (A, Bish); Namosi:
Horne 817 (GH); near Namosi, Gillespie 2522 (A, Bish); Naitasiri: Viria, Parks
20422 (A, Bish), Meebold 16662 (Bish). Ovatau: U. S. Expl. Exped. (GH, US)
(narrow-leaved form). Kanpavu: Hills above Namalata and Ngaloa Bays, Smith 83
(Bish, GH, NY, UC, US) (leaves sometimes glabrous). WuITHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY:
U. S, Expl. Exped. (GH, US), Gillespie 2486 (Bish), 2568 (Bish), 2617 (A, Bish).

(2). Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, Degener 14839 (A);
Tholo West: Vicinity of Mbelo, near Vatukarasa, Degener 15230 (A); Waimbale,
near Namboutini, Degener 15483 (A); Mbuyombuyo, near Namboutini, Tabulewa 15575
(A); Namosi: Gillespie 2683 (A, Bish); near Namosi, Gillespie 2686 (Bish); Voma
Mt., Gillespie 2673 (A, Bish). Kanpavu: Mt. Mbuke Levu, Smith 227 (Bish, GH, NY,
UC, US), 280 (Bish, GH, NY, UC, US). Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Savu
Savu Bay region, Degener & Ordonez 13864 (A) (narrow-leaved form). TAvEUNI: Near
Waiyevo, Gillespie 4706 (A, Bish). WutHoUT DEFINITE LOCALITY: Seemann 429 (GH),
Gillespie 2701 (A, Bish).

The cited specimens, occurring in forest from near sea-level to about 800 m.,
are reported as shrubs or coarse herbs up to 2 m. high; common native names are

16 SARGENTIA {1

ndraindrai and mbeta. The cited U. S. Exploring Expedition sheets are deter-
mined in Gray’s hand as Pellionia vitiensis n. sp., a broad-leaved and a narrow-
leaved form being indicated, but these sheets are not to be taken as typifying that
species. In describing Pellionia vitiensis, Weddell, although he accredited the
species to Gray, cited only a Harvey collection, which thus becomes the type.
Gray’s concept of that species, as represented by the Exploring Expedition sheets,
has no nomenclatural status.

2. Elatostema (§ Pellionia) vitiense (Wedd.) comb. nov.

Pellionia vitiensis A. Gray ex Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 16(1): 167. 1869.

Elatostema filicoides var. vitiense Schroter in Rep. Sp. Nov. Beih. 83(2): 60. 1936.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Gillespie, Nov. 17, 1927 (A, Bish); Nandarivatu, alt.
850 m., Degener & Ordonez 13560 (A) (subprostrate herb, woody at base, in wet forest;
small-leaved form); Tholo West: Mbulu, near Sovi Bay, alt. about 30 m., Degener
15033 (A) (low shrub to 1 m. high, in wet forest); Yawe, vicinity of Mbelo, near Vatu-
karasa, alt. 300 m., Degener 15288 (A) (shrub 1 m. high, in wet forest; small-leaved form
with hispid branchlets); Namosi: Vicinity of Namosi, alt. 600 m., Parks 20212 (Bish)
(subligneous herb, in wet forest); Naitasiri: Suva Pumping Station, alt. 30 m., Degener
é& Ordonez 13754 (A) (subligneous herb, in forest). Kanpavu: Mt. Mbuke Levu, alt.
200-500 m., Smith 245 (Bish, GH, NY, UC, US) (shrub 1-2 m. high, in dense forest; in-
florescences white; form with small crowded leaves). VANuUA Levu: Thakaundrove:
Vicinity of Maravu, near Salt Lake, alt. about 300 m., Degener & Ordonez 14176 (A) (low
shrub, in dark forest) ; southern slope of Valanga Range, alt. 200-400 m., Smith 374 (Bish,
i ae UC, US) (subligneous herb, in densely forested valley; inflorescence white to
pink).

The type of this species was collected by Harvey; the several Exploring Expe-
dition sheets marked in Gray’s writing Pellionia vitiensis sp. nov. have been dis-
cussed under Elatostema australe. In view of the fact that Gray had nothing to
do with Weddell’s description of Pellionia vitiensis and even had a different con-
cept in mind for this name, it seems advisable to drop his name from the author-
ship of the species.

As between this species and the next, I follow Schroter and Winkler in suppos-
ing that Harvey’s type collection of Pellionia vitiensis represents the larger-leaved
group. The dimensions of the leaves given by Weddell can fit either species, but
he mentions the marginal crenations as 4-6 per side, which would seem to exclude
the following species as I interpret it. Schréter and Winkler remark that the
Harvey specimen is “schwachliche,” referring it to their larger-leaved variety
with a question. Furthermore, Harvey collected only at low elevations, and the
smaller-leaved species is very probably limited to the mountainous parts of Fiji.

The line between E. vitiense and EF. australe is not clear; on the whole the
leaves of the latter are much larger, while the perianth-segments are not spurred
and staminodes are apparently always present in pistillate flowers. In the
former, the perianth-segments are spurred, but pistillate flowers have the spurs
very inconspicuous, often reduced to mere median distal thickenings or occasion-
ally entirely lacking, while staminodes are occasionally found in pistillate flowers.
Sometimes, as in Degener 15033 and Degener & Ordonez 14176, staminodes are
quite common, some flowers in a head having from one to five, while other flowers
lack them. Thus, while the subgenera Pellionia and Elatostematoides are usually
quite separable, we have a case where the line between them breaks down. I
believe that the two species may be recognized for convenience ; the intermediate
forms may be the result of hybridization or they may indicate that the differ-
entiation of a polymorphic species is incomplete.

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 17

3. Elatostema (§ Pellionia) Archboldianum sp. nov.

Frutex parvus multiramosus, ramulis gracilibus teretibus glabris vel apicem
versus minute et pallide strigosis; stipulis persistentibus binis papyraceis vel sub-
membranaceis brunneis, oblongo-subulatis, 2—5 mm. longis, acuminatis; foliis
alternatis, laminis sessilibus (vel petiolis gracilibus ad 0.5 mm. longis) chartaceis
anguste oblongis, 6-25 (-—30) mm. longis, 2-8 mm. latis, basi inaequilateraliter
obtusis vel rotundatis, apice obtusis, margine conspicue crenatis (dentibus obtusis
utrinsecus 3 vel 4), supra minute scrobiculatis vel levibus, subtus saepe disperso-
brunneo-glandulosis, utrinque cystolithis inconspicuis 0.3-0.6 mm. longis laxe
ornatis, costa supra subplana subtus elevata et saepe strigosa, nervis lateralibus
utrinsecus 3-7 brevibus obscuris; inflorescentiis 3S solis visis in nodis solitariis
compactis pauciramulosis, pedunculo gracili 2-10 mm. longo glabro vel parce
strigoso, floribus 2-10 per inflorescentiam; bracteis membranaceis oblongis acutis,
circiter 1.3 mm. longis et 0.6 mm. latis, glabris vel extus paullo strigosis, brac-
teolis similibus sed minoribus ; pedicellis gracilibus sub anthesi 0.31.6 min. longis
substrigosis ; perianthii segmentis 5 membranaceis elliptico-oblongis, 1.2-2 mm.
longis, 0.7—-1.6 mm. latis, extus strigoso-puberulis et sub apice calcare conspicuo
0.5-0.7 mm. longo corniculatis; staminibus 5, filamentis gracilibus 1-1.6 mm.
longis, antheris oblongis 0.6-1 mm. longis, loculis inferne conspicue divergentibus.

Vitr Levu: Gillespie 2608 (Bish) (native name: lara), 3717 (A, Bish); Tholo
North: Mt. Matomba, vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 750 m., Degener 14429 (A, TYPE),
Feb. 18, 1941 (low shrub, in dense forest) ; vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 750-900 m., Degener
& Ordonez 13559 (A) (erect low shrub less than 1 m. high, in dense wet forest), Degener
14328 (A) (low shrub, in dark wet forest: flowers white) ; summit of Mt. Loma Langa,
alt. 1200 m., Gillespie 3912.5 (Bish). WutTHoUT DEFINITE LOCALITY : U. S. Expl. Exped.
(GH), Gillespie, Nov. 12, 1927 (Bish).

The new species probably represents the concept which Schréter and Winkler
referred to E, filicoides var. eufilicoides, a name which, as discussed following my
treatment of Elatostema, must be excluded from the genus.

Elatostema Archboldianum and E. vitiense, as represented by the cited speci-
mens, appear specifically distinct on the basis of the much smaller leaves and more
compact staminate inflorescences of the former. Floral differences are scarcely
apparent, except for a slight tendency toward more conspicuous spurs on the
staminate perianth-segments in E. Archboldianum. Doubtless intermediate forms
between the two extremes exist, so that the course selected by Schroter and Wink-
ler—of referring them to two varieties of one species—is perhaps justified.
However, if this is done, one can hardly fail to include E. australe in the same
species, since the differences between that species and E. witiense are no greater
than those between E. vitiense and E. Archboldianum. If all are combined, the
resultant species will be entirely unwieldy, including plants with leaves varying
from 0.6 to 35 cm. in length. In short, in this section of Elatostema one must
admit that specific lines are arbitrary; those here suggested for the Fijian spe-
cies are not sharp, but they seem to serve on the basis of present material.

4. Elatostema (§ Pellionia) comptonioides sp. nov.

Frutex gracilis 0.5-2 m. altus, ramulis subteretibus vel apicem versus leviter
sulcatis dense strigoso-puberulis demum glabratis; stipulis persistentibus binis
papyraceis castaneis subulato-lanceolatis, 4-9 mm. longis, glabris vel dorso obscure
strigosis; foliis apicem ramulorum versus confertis alternatis, petiolis subnullis
vel ad 1 mm. longis et breviter strigosis, laminis chartaceis lineari-lanceolatis, 4-8
cm. longis, 5-11 mm. latis, basi inaequilateraliter obtusis vel rotundatis, apicem
versus gradatim angustatis et apice obtuse acuminatis, margine profunde crenatis
(dentibus utrinsecus 5-10), utrinque cystolithis 0.25—0.4 mm. longis conspicue
ornatis, costa supra subplana subtus elevata et pallido-strigosa, nervis lateralibus

18 SARGENTIA {1

numerosis brevibus obscuris interdum strigosis; inflorescentiis ¢ solis visis paucis
in nodis solitariis subcapitatis, pedunculo gracili 6-12 mm. longo parce strigoso,
floribus 2-4 per inflorescentiam subsessilibus; bracteis membranaceis acutis ob-
longis, 1.3-1.8 mm. longis, circiter 0.5 mm. latis, glabris vel extus parce strigosis,
bracteolis similibus sed minoribus; perianthii segmentis 5 membranaceis elliptico-
oblongis, circiter 1.3 mm. longis et 1 mm. latis, extus parce strigosis, apice obtusis,
dorso apicem versus calcare conspicuo 0.5-0.8 mm. longo corniculatis ; staminibus
5, filamentis gracilibus circiter 1 mm. longis, antheris oblongis circiter 0.8 mm.
longis, loculis inferne conspicue divergentibus.

Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Natewa Peninsula, Uluingala, alt. 600-820 m.,
Smith 1977 (Bish, GH, type, NY, UC, US), June 15, 1934 (shrub 0.5-2 m. high, in dense
forest; inflorescence white).

Elatostema comptonioides seems amply distinguished from its relatives in § Pel-
lionia by the foliage-characters mentioned in the key. The leaves of the new
species bear a remarkable superficial similarity to those of Comptonia peregrina
(L.) Coult.

5. Elatostema (§ Euelatostema) nemorosum Seem. Fl. Vit. 240. pl. 61. 1868.

Coarse herb up to 2 m. high, the stem simple, sparsely hispid, glabrescent ;
leaves alternate, subsessile, the blades papyraceous, brownish when dried, slightly
paler beneath, subfalcate-obovate, 20-40 cm. long, (6-) 8-16 cm. broad, gradu-
ally narrowed toward base and strongly inequilateral (one side attenuate, the
other cordate-subauriculate), abruptly short-acuminate at apex, coarsely serrate
at margin (teeth 2-4 per centimeter, subacute, 2-5 mm. long), minutely scrobicu-
late and hispid above with pale hairs 1-2 mm. long, more densely hispid or
crispate-hispid beneath (especially on nerves) with slightly shorter hairs, the
cystoliths none on either surface, the costa stout, slightly raised above and sub-
prominent beneath, the secondary nerves 10-17 per side, erecto-patent, subplane
or slightly raised above, elevated beneath, the veinlet-reticulation immersed above,
slightly prominulous beneath; stipules papyraceous or submembranous, oblong-
linear, 2-5 cm. long, dorsally short-hispid; staminate receptacles 17-22 mm. in
diameter, on slender hispidulous or glabrescent peduncles up to 1 cm. long, the
outer bracts chartaceous, subreniform, up to 14 mm. long and 24 mm. broad,
sericeo-hispidulous, glabrescent, carinate or obscurely corniculate dorsally toward
apex, the inner bracts similar but smaller ; bracteoles membranous, oblong-obovate,
5-7 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, obscurely hispidulous distally without; pedicels
slender, to 1 mm. long; perianth-segments 4, membranous, lanceolate, 1-1.6 mm.
long, acute and sparsely hispid-ciliate at apex ; anthers about 0.4 mm. long; pis-
tillate receptacles pedunculate like the staminate, 8-20 mm. in diameter, the outer
bracts usually several, connate at base, oblong, 5—7 mm. long, carinate dorsally and
acute at apex, sparsely hispidulous, the inner bracts gradually smaller ; bracteoles
membranous, linear 4-6 mm. long, 0.4-1 mm. broad, distally hispidulous ; pedicels
to 4 mm. long; perianth-segments inconspicuous, the achene ovoid, about 1 mm.
long.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nandarivatu, alt. 1200 m. Parks 20788 (A, Bish)
(coarse herb 1 m. high, in wet canyons) ; Nandrau, near Nandarivatu, alt. 600 m., Degener
14887 (A) (native name: mbeta); Namosi: Namosi, alt. 600-900 m., Parks 20273
(A, Bish) (herb, more than 1 m, high, in dense wet forest). Vanua Levu: Thakaun-
drove: Mt. Mariko, alt. 600-866 m., Smith 464 (Bish, NY, US) (coarse herb 2 m. high,
in dense forest; heads greenish). TAVEUNI: Seemann 422 (GH, Type Coty.) ; trail from
Somosomo, alt. 950 m., Gillespie 4824 (A, Bish) (in dark wet canyon).

As represented by the cited specimens, E. nemorosum, which is apparently
limited to higher elevations, is a very well-marked and easily recognized species.
Probably the following specimen also belongs here: Meebold 16661 (Bish), from

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 19

Mt. Korombamba, Naitasiri, Viti Levu. However, this specimen has slightly
smaller leaves than those above described, the stiff hairs of the upper surface are
few or lacking, the hairs of the nerves beneath are subappressed rather than
spreading, short linear cystoliths are often visible on the lower surface, and the
bracts and bractoles of staminate heads are minutely glandular. In view of the
variation which is evident in many species of Elatostema, I doubt if these char-
acters denote a departure of nomenclatural value, but further material is desirable.

6. Elatostema (§ Euelatostema) fruticosum Gibbs in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 171. pl. 16.
1909,

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 800-1200 m., Degener
& Ordonez 13522 (A) (coarse subligneous herb about 2 m. high, in dark wet forest; stems
succulent ; leaves dark green; inflorescence whitish), Parks 20543 (A, Bish) (herb 50 cm.
high, in forest).

The cited specimens, from the type locality, agree excellently with the original
description and plate. Our specimens have the leaf-blades up to 15 cm. long
and 7 cm. broad and the secondary nerves are often 5 or 6 per side. The species
is only remotely related to E. sessile Forst.

7. Elatostema (§ Euelatostema) insulare sp. nov.

Herba ad 2 m. alta pauciramosa, ramulis substrigosis vel glabris; foliis alter-
natis, petiolis strigosis vel glabris 1-10 mm. longis, laminis papyraceis siccitate
fusco-viridibus vel olivaceis, subtus pallidioribus, inaequilateraliter elliptico-
oblongis, (11—) 15-26 cm. longis, (3-) 4-9.5 cm. latis, basi subacutis vel latere
breviore obtusis, apice gradatim caudato-acuminatis, margine dentibus 1 vel 2 per
centimetrum grosse crenatis vel undulatis, supra cystolithis linearibus 0.25-0.5
mm. longis conspicue ornatis et glabris vel pilis pallidis circiter 1 mm. longis parce
strigosis, subtus pilis 0.5-1 mm. longis praecipue ad nervos hispido-strigosis vel
glabris et interdum cystolithis (nervis solis) ornatis, pinnatinerviis, costa supra
leviter elevata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-12 adscendenti-
bus supra paullo subtus conspicue elevatis, venulis obscuris vel subtus prominulis ;
stipulis papyraceis vel membranaceis lineari-oblongis 1.5—4 cm. longis dorso stri-
gosis caducis ; receptaculis subsessilibus vel breviter pedunculatis, pedunculis ad 5
mm. longis puberulis glabratis; receptaculis ¢ 6-22 mm. diametro, bracteis ex-
terioribus saepe subcarnosis in pelta suborbiculari connatis, extus minute strigosis
vel glabris et interdum parce brunneo-glandulosis, apicem versus inconspicue
carinato-corniculatis, bracteis interioribus papyraceis vel submembranaceis mi-
noribus ; bracteolis membranaceis oblongo-spathulatis, 3-4 mm. longis, 1.5—2 mm.
latis, apicem versus obscure pilosis; pedicellis ad 1 mm. longis, perianthii seg-
mentis 4 circiter 1 mm. longis, antheris oblongis circiter 0.8 mm. longis; recep-
taculis 2 7-8 mm. diametro, bracteis numerosis papyraceis anguste oblongis, 4—5
mm. longis, basi connatis, dorso strigosis, apice carinato-corniculatis, interioribus
angustioribus ; bracteolis 2-3 mm. longis et 0.4-0.7 mm. latis, apicem versus
strigosis, saepe obscure corniculatis; pedicellis ad 1 mm. longis, perianthii seg-
mentis minutis, achenio anguste ellipsoideo circiter 0.5 mm. longo.

Koro: Eastern slope of main ridge, alt. 300-500 m., Smith 1064 (Bish, NY) (herb to 1
m. high, in forest). Kanpavu: Mt. Mbuke Levu, alt. 200-500 m., Smith 238 (Bish, GH,
NY, UC, US) (coarse herb 1-2 m. high, in dense forest; heads whitish). Vanua Levu:
Thakaundrove: Vatunivuamonde Mt., Savu Savu Bay region, alt. 250 m., Degener
& Ordonez 14004 (A) (subligneous herb, in dark forest). Taveunr: Vicinity of Waiyevo,
alt. 400 m., Gillespie 4727 (A, typE, Bish), Feb. 27, 1928 (in dark wet stream bed in woods
above coconut plantations).

A represented by the four cited collections, the species shows some variation,
but I believe that the material is conspecific. The lower leaf-surface is usually
strigose, but Smith 238 has the leaves quite glabrous; the margin is generally

20 SARGENTIA {1

crenate, but the Gillespie specimen has the crenations very inconspicuous. Pis-
tillate inflorescences are found on Degener & Ordonez 14004, the others bearing
staminate heads.

The new species is suggestive of E. macrophyllum Brongn. (Bot. Voy. Coquille
207. pl. 45. 1834), based on a specimen from Amboina. Our plant differs
from that, however, in its longer cystoliths, which are practically lacking from the
lower leaf-surfaces, and in details of its staminate inflorescence, such as the
perianth-segments being obtuse rather than acuminate at apex. <A closer relative
of FE. insulare is E. fruticosum, which differs from it as noted in the key.

8. Elatostema (§ Euvelatostema) palustre sp. nov.

Herba ad 50 cm. alta, caule inferne subprostrato superne suberecto ut videtur
succulento glabro; foliis alternatis, laminis subsessilibus tenuiter papyraceis sic-
citate viridibus inaequilateraliter obovatis, 8-16 cm. longis, 3-6 cm. latis, basim
versus gradatim angustatis et valde inaequilateralibus (uno latere attenuatis, altero
cordato-subauriculatis ) , apice acutis vel breviter acuminatis, margine dentibus
subacutis 3-5 mm. longis 2 vel 3 per centimetrum grosse serratis, utrinque cysto-
lithis linearibus 0.15—0.2 min. longis inconspicue ornatis, supra pilis pallidis 1-2
mm. longis et subtus pilis paullo minoribus praecipue ad nervos hispidis, pinnati-
nerviis, costa supra subplana subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 7-9
adscendentibus supra planis subtus leviter elevatis, rete venularum subtus paullo
prominulo; stipulis membranaceis anguste ellipticis 1.5-2 mm. longis dorso
hispido-strigosis ; receptaculorum pedunculis gracilibus 4-13 mm. longis obscure
strigosis glabratis ; receptaculis ¢ 10-18 mm. diametro, bracteis exterioribus papy-
raceis reniformibus, circiter 7 mm. longis et 12 mm. latis, extus pallido-strigillosis
et cystolithis linearibus minutis circiter 0.1 mm. longis copiose ornatis, apicem
versus breviter carinato-corniculatis, bracteis interioribus similibus sed minoribus ;
bracteolis membranaceis obovato-oblongis, 2.5—-4 mm. longis, 1-2 mm. latis, dorso
parce strigosis ; pedicellis ad 1 mm. longis, perianthii segmentis 4 acutis 1.5-2 mm.
longis, antheris oblongis circiter 1.5 mm. longis; receptaculis 98-10 mm. dia-
metro, bracteis submembranaceis numerosis deltoideo-oblongis, circiter 5 mm.
longis, basi connatis, margine hispido-ciliatis, dorso apicem versus carinato-
corniculatis, exterioribus 3-4 mm. latis, interioribus angustioribus; bracteolis
lineari-spathulatis, 2.5-3 mm. longis, 0.2-0.5 mm. latis, apicem versus strigosis ;
pedicellis ad 2 mm. longis, perianthii segmentis minutis, achenio anguste ellip-
soideo circiter 0.8 mm. longo.

Vitt Levu: Tholo East: Central plateau between Wainimala and Singatoka Rivers,
Wainisavulevu-Numbololo divide, Taunaisali, alt. 1150 m., St. John 18337 (A, Type, Bish),
Aug. 18, 1937 (in swampy rain-forest; native name: mbeta).

The new species is of the relationship of the Samoan FE. cupreo-viride Rech-
inger, from which it differs in its much larger stipules, its larger and propor-
tionately narrower leaf-blades with narrower base and more numerous serrations,
and its hispid rather than appressed-pilose nerves of the lower leaf-surface.

9. Elatostema (§ Euclatostema) Gillespiei sp. nov.

Herba succulenta vel basim versus forsan sublignosa, caule gracili glabro con-
spicue nodoso ; foltis alternatis, petiolis leviter canaliculatis 2-7 mm. longis glabris,
laminis papyraceis siccitate flavo-viridibus utrinque glabris anguste et leviter in-
aequilateraliter obovato-oblongis, 14-20 cm. longis, 3-4.5 cm. latis, basi gradatim
angustatis et acutis vel latere breviore obtusis, apice conspicue caudato-acuminatis,
margine inferne integris superne inconspicue undulato-crenatis (dentibus 1 vel 2
per centimetrum), utrinque cystolithis stellatis 3-5-ramulosis circiter 0.15 mm.
diametro densissime papillosis, pinnatinerviis, costa supra leviter elevata subtus
prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 7-11 valde adscendentibus supra planis

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 21

subtus elevatis, rete venularum supra immerso subtus plano; stipulis papyraceis
glabris lineari-oblongis 2—2.5 cm. longis; receptaculis breviter pedunculatis, pe-
dunculo 1-3 mm. longo glabro; receptaculis ¢'4-5 mm. diametro, bracteis ex-
terioribus subcoriaceis connatis, extus strigoso-puberulis glabratis, apicem versus
carinato-corniculatis, bracteis interioribus papyraceis minoribus; bracteolis mem-
branaceis obovatis, 2-3 mm. longis, 1-1.5 mm. latis, apicem versus puberulis ;
pedicellis ad 0.5 mm. longis, perianthii segmentis 4 circiter 0.8 mm. longis, antheris
oblongis minutis ; receptaculis 2 6-8 mm. diametro, bracteis numerosis papyraceis
344 mm. longis glabratis, basi connatis, apicem versus obscure carinatis; brac-
teolis lineari-obovatis, circiter 2 mm. longis, 0.3-0.6 mm. latis, apicem versus
hispidulis ; pedicellis ad 0.7 mm. longis, perianthii segmentis 4 lanceolatis minutis,
stylis circiter 1 mm. longis, achenio obovoideo-ellipsoideo ad 1 mm. longo.

Vitt Levu: Naitasiri: Korombamba Mt., near summit, alt. 500 m., Gillespie 2402
(A, Type, Bish), Aug. 24, 1927.

Elatostema Gillespiei is clearly related to E. Seemannianum, which it resembles
in leaf-texture and cystolith-marking, but from which it differs in its much nar-
rower leaf-blades with sharply ascending veins and in its substantially smaller in-
florescences. Another collection which is probably referable to E. Gillespiei is
Parks 20055 (A, Bish), from Lami, alt. 100 m., near Suva, Rewa, Viti Levu.
This specimen differs from the type only in its smaller leaf-blades (7-14 cm.
long, 2-4 cm. broad), which are more obviously crenate at margins and _ hispid
on the nerves beneath, and in its more obviously pubescent staminate heads.
Characters of pubescence and leaf-margins are of such dubious value in Flato-
stema that I believe the Parks plant may be safely referred here.

10. Elatostema (§ Euclatostema) Seemannianum A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 58.
f. 27. 1936.
Elatostema macrophyllum sensu Seem. FI. Vit. 241, excl. syn. 1868; Gibbs in Jour. Linn,
Soc. Bot. 39: 172. 1909; non Brongn.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 600-925 m., Gillespie 4256
(A, Bish) (on banks of small stream), Degener & Ordonez 13600 (A) (coarse herb less
than 1 m. high, in forest; staminate heads whitish), Degener 14923 (A) (in forest; native
name: mbeta); Tholo West: Waimbale, near Namboutini, Degener 15470 (A) (coarse
herb, on partly forested slope; native name: mbeta); Naitasiri: Viria, Meebold 16431
(Bish). OvaLtau: U.S. Expl. Exped. (GH, US), Bryan 610 (Bish) (succulent herb to 2
m. high, on stream-bank in rain-forest at 150 m. alt.; receptacle green; staminate flowers
white). Koro: Eastern slope of main ridge, alt. 300-500 m., Smith 982 (Bish, TypE, NY)
(herb to 2 m. high, in forest; anthers white). WuITHOUT DEFINITE LocALITY: Harvey (GH).

This well-marked species has large leaf-blades which remain yellowish green
when dried and which appear to have the upper surfaces closely papillose. Closer
observation shows that the punctiform papillae are minute stellate 3-5-branched
cystoliths. The species is not a close relative of EF. macrophyllum Brongn.

11. Elatostema (§ Euelatostema) eximium sp. nov.

Herba succulenta ut videtur ad 50 cm. alta, caule fusco apicem versus dense
brunneo-strigoso demum glabrato ; foliis alternatis, petiolis subnullis vel ad 4 mm.
longis ut caule strigosis, laminis papyraceis siccitate fusco- vel flavo-viridibus in-
aequilateraliter obovatis, 10-18 cm. longis, 3.5—7 cm. latis, basi gradatim angustatis
et acutis vel latere longiore obtusis, apice abrupte et gracile acuminatis, margine
omnino dentibus subacutis 2 vel 3 per centimetrum conspicue serratis, utrinque
cystolithis stellatis 3- vel 4-ramulosis 0.13-0.3 mm. diametro (raro tantummodo
angulatis) manifeste ornatis, supra glabris vel pilis paucis ad 1 mm. longis dis-
perse strigosis, subtus ad nervos dense strigosis, pinnatinerviis, costa supra sub-
plana subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-12 arcuato-adscendentibus
supra planis subtus elevatis, venulis immersis vel subtus prominulis; stipulis papy-

aa SARGENTIA {1

raceis bicarinatis dorso hispidulis glabratis lineari-oblongis 1.5-3 cm. longis; re-
ceptaculis ¢ solis visis 5-9 mm. diametro subsessilibus vel breviter pedunculatis,
pedunculo crasso ad 2 mm. longo strigoso-puberulo; bracteis exterioribus papy-
raceis reniformibus, circiter 6 mm. longis et 8 mm. latis, connatis, extus strigoso-
puberulis et minute brunneo-glandulosis, plerumque conspicue corniculatis, brac-
teis interioribus similibus sed minoribus; bracteolis membranaceis obovato-
spathulatis, 3-5 mm. longis, 1-4 mm. latis, dense brunneo-glanduloso-lineolatis,
extus apicem versus pallido-strigosis ; pedicellis ad 2 mm. longis, perianthii seg-
mentis 4 membranaceis obovatis, 2—2.5 mm. longis, glanduloso-lineolatis, ex-
terioribus calcaribus 0.3-0.5 mm. longis apicem versus corniculatis, filamentis 1-—
1.5 mm. longis, antheris oblongis 1-1.2 mm. longis.

Vitt Levu: Tholo West: Mbuyombuyo, near Namboutini, Tabualewa 15578 (A,
TYPE), June 17, 1941 (inflorescence red; native name: mbeta). Ovatau: U.S. Expl. Exped.
(GH) (alt. 450 m.).

This well-marked species is distinguished not only by the leaf-characters men-
tioned in the key, but also by the glandular-lineolate bracteoles and staminate
perianth-segments, the latter being corniculate and comparatively large.

12. Elatostema (§ Evelatostema) tenellum sp. nov.

Herba, caule basim versus prostrato et radicoso superne suberecto ad 50 cm.
alto, apicem versus minute strigoso demum glabro; foliis alternatis, petiolis sub-
nullis, laminis papyraceis siccitate viridibus inaequilateraliter obovato-oblongis,
5-9 cm. longis, 2—2.7 cm. latis, basi latere breviore acutis latere longiore saepe
cordato-subauriculatis, apice gradatim acuminatis, margine omnino dentibus acutis
2 vel 3 per centimetrum grosse serratis, supra cystolithis stellatis 3-5 ramulosis
(raro tantummodo angulatis vel linearibus) 0.08-0.25 mm. diametro inconspicue
ornatis, subtus cystolithis similibus paucioribus praeditis, supra glabris vel pilis
0.3-0.7 mm. longis disperse strigosis, subtus nervis pilis ad 1 mm. longis dense
strigosis, pinnatinerviis, costa supra subplana subtus elevata, nervis lateralibus
utrinsecus 6-8 arcuato-adscendentibus supra planis subtus valde prominulis,
venulis subimmersis ; stipulis papyraceis linearibus 7-10 mm. longis dorso setulosis
mox glabris; receptaculis 2 solis visis subsessilibus 2-5 mm. diametro, bracteis
numerosis in pelta suborbiculari papyracea connatis strigoso-puberulis glabratis,
apice liberis et acutis, apicem versus obscure glanduloso-lineolatis; bracteolis
membranaceis oblongo-lanceolatis, 1-1.5 mm. longis, 0.15-0.3 mm. latis, apicem
versus strigosis ; pedicellis ad 0.5 mm. longis, perianthii segmentis 3 vel 4 minutis
ad 0.2 mm. longis, achenio ovoideo-ellipsoideo ad 0.8 mm. longo.

Vitt Levu: Namosi: Trail to Namosi, alt. 600 m., Parks 20209 (A, Bish) (herb,
to 50 cm. high, in wet forest). Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Mt. Mariko, alt.
600-866 m., Smith 471 (Bish, GH, type, NY, UC, US), Nov. 14, 1933 (subprostrate herb,
in dense undergrowth of forest).

Both the specimens bear only pistillate inflorescences. Elatostema tenellum is
characterized by its subprostrate habit, subsessile leaf-blades, large marginal ser-
rations, and small inflorescences. Although it bears a superficial resemblance to
E, sessile J. R. & G. Forst., its only close allies appear to be E. eximium and E.
humile.

13. Elatostema (§ Euelatostema) humile sp. nov.

Herba ad 40 cm. alta, caule ut videtur suberecto glabro vel apicem versus obscure
strigoso ; foliis alternatis, petiolis gracilibus ad 4 mm. longis mox glabris, laminis
papyraceis siccitate viridibus vel subfuscis oblongo-lanceolatis, 4-9.5 cm. longis,
8-18 mm. latis, basi inaequilateraliter attenuatis, apice gradatim acuminatis, mar-
gine dentibus subacutis 1-3 per centimetrum conspicue serratis, supra cystolithis
interdum 3- vel 4-partitis 0.15-0.25 mm. diametro interdum angulatis vel lineari-
bus 0.1-0.3 mm. longis manifeste ornatis, subtus cystolithis similibus inconspicue

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II y

praeditis vel nervis dense ornatis, supra glabris, subtus glabris vel nervis pilis
0.4-0.7 mm. longis strigosis, pinnatinerviis, costa supra leviter prominula vel in-
sculpta subtus elevata, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 5-7 valde adscendentibus
supra planis subtus prominulis, venulis obscuris; stipulis submembranaceis lanceo-
latis 7-10 mm. longis dorso sericeis mox glabris; receptaculis subsessilibus vel
breviter pedunculatis, pedunculo ad 1.5 mm. longo strigoso-puberulo vel glabro ;
receptaculis ¢ 3-6 mm. diametro, bracteis exterioribus papyraceis late ovatis, 4—5
mm. longis, basi connatis, extus breviter strigosis, apicem versus breviter cornicu-
latis, bracteis interioribus minoribus; bracteolis membranaceis oblongo-obovatis,
3-4 mm. longis, 1-2 mm. latis, obscure glanduloso-lineolatis, dorso parce strigil-
losis; pedicellis ad 1 mm. longis, perianthii segmentis 4 oblongis circiter 2 mm.
longis, apicem versus calcare circiter 0.3 mm. longo plerumque corniculatis,
antheris oblongis circiter 1 mm. longis; receptaculis 2 2-4 mm. diametro, bracteis
numerosis submembranaceis lineari-oblongis connatis, apicem versus strigosis
liberis obscure corniculatis ; bracteolis membranaceis linearibus, 1—1.4 mm. longis,
0.1-0.15 mm. latis, dense strigosis; pedicellis brevissimis, perianthii segmentis
obscuris, achenio ellipsoideo ad 0.8 mm. longo.

Vitt Levu: Naitasiri: Korombamba Mt., near summit, alt. 500 m., Gillespie 2403
(Bish). TaveuNrI: , Vicinity of Waiyevo, alt. 650 m., Gillespie 4731.5 (A, Type, Bish),
Feb. 27, 1928 (in moist stream-beds in woods above coconut plantations).

Of the two cited specimens, the type collection bears pistillate heads and no.
2403 staminate. The two plants are not exactly similar, the type being essen-
tially glabrous throughout, while the other has a strigose pubescence on the stem,
lower surface of leaves, etc. Cystoliths of no. 4731.5 are predominantly of the
short linear type while no. 2403 has them commonly stellate, but intermediate
forms are found on both specimens. It is possible that additional material will
indicate that the two are not conspecific, but I believe it more likely, in view of
their great similarity in leaf-shape, texture, etc., that future collections will dis-
close intermediate forms.

ExcLUDED SPECIES

Pellionia filicoides Seem. FI. Vit. 239. 1868; Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 16(1): 168. 1869.

Elatostema filicoides Seem. in Bonplandia 9: 259, nomen. 1861; Schréter & Winkl. in Rep.
Sp. Nov. Beih. 83(2): 59, quoad typum. 1936.

Elatostema filicoides var. eufilicoides Schroter in Rep. Sp. Nov. Beih. 83(2): 59, quoad
typum, 1936,

Vitt Levu: Serua: Navua River, Seemann 421 (GH, TYPE COLL.).

In proposing P. filicoides in Flora Vitiensis, Seemann cites his no. 421 and also
collections by Williams and Harvey, but it is obvious that he considered his own
collection the type, since his first combination Elatostema filicoides was based en-
tirely upon it. Seemann 421 bears a remarkable superficial resemblance to a
Pellionia, but closer examination shows that the supposed “leaves” lack cystoliths
and have a closed fern-like venation and that the “hairs” of the “branchlets” and
costas are actually narrow scales. The type collection represents a sterile frond
of the fern Lomagramma polyphylla Brack. (1854) and the above cited names
should be removed to the synonymy of this fern, even though the descriptions
cited are, for the most part, of plants properly referred to Pellionia or Elatostema.

Elatostema peltatum Hemsl. in Kew Bull. 1901: 143. 1901.

In order properly to place this species, one must see the type collection, made
on Vanua Levu by Horne. From the description, it seems unlikely that a species
of Elatostema is represented; at least, no Fijian species with peltate leaves or
with a petiole 1.5—2 inches long is known to me.

24 SARGENTIA [1

Procris Commers.

In her monograph of the genus Procris, Hilde Schroter (in Rep. Sp. Nov. 45:
179-192, 257-300. 1938) lists Fijian specimens as representing only P. pedun-
culata (J. R. & G. Forst.) Wedd. var. eupedunculata Schroter, this being, in
fact, the only form which she mentions from the Pacific east of the Solomons
and Micronesia. Among the Fijian collections available to me, it is obvious
that several species are represented, three of them belonging to the group with
pedunculate pistillate inflorescences (of these, two were erroneously referred by
me in 1936 to the genera Elatostema and Pellionia). In this group Schroter
recognizes only one species, P. Wightiana Wall., with a range from Africa to
the Philippines and the Bonin Islands. Since most of the material of this genus
belonging to American herbaria is still on loan and therefore not available, I
cannot check the specific lines as proposed in the recent monograph. For the
purpose of naming the Fijian specimens, I depend upon the monograph and the
numerous specimens which are still available in the Gray Herbarium.

KEY TO THE FIJIAN SPECIES

Pistillate inflorescence sessile ............ cc cece cc ccccccccccsenecscesees 1. P. pedunculata.
Pistillate inflorescences obviously pedunculate.

Cystoliths of the leaf-blades inconspicuous, very few and scattered on upper surface, absent
from lower surface; leaf-blades obscurely pellucid-punctate, the glands copious, often
faintly depressed above, pale and crowded beneath. .................. 2. P. anfracta.

Cystoliths of the leaf-blades obvious on both surfaces.

Leaf-blades 4-8 cm. long, thick, not pellucid-punctate, the glands often depressed above,
obscure beneath; cystoliths 0.1-0.25 mm. long, those of upper surface 8-12 per sq.
mm., those of lower surface 35-50 per sq. mm. ..............0. 3. P. Archboldiana.

Leaf-blades (8—) 10-20 cm. long, minutely scrobiculate on upper surface, the lower
surface often with superficial minute brown scattered glands; cystoliths 0.2-0.5 mm.
long, those of upper surface 4-12 per sq. mm., those of lower surface 5-14 per
SCE MIN Seaeee dss aoe os ie aie'y a5 ee ecg ao aia) #ieisio ald, ain Dew dleGle sa'she eae ueleimaare teats 4. P. Goepeliana.

1. Procris pedunculata (J. R. & G. Forst.) Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 16(1): 191. 1869;
Schroter in Rep. Sp. Nov. 45: 259, 1938.

Elatostema pedunculatum J. R. & G. Forst. Char. Gen. 106. 1776.

I have not sufficient material available to test Schroter’s concept of P. peduncu-
lata, but on the surface this seems very broad indeed. An examination of ade-
quate material of this group from the Societies, the type locality, discloses that the
leaf-blades are usually pellucid-punctate (at least obscurely so) and have the
cystoliths on both surfaces comparatively scattered in comparison with those of
the bulk of the Fijian material. The different aspects of the leaves caused by
the different spacing of the cystoliths is striking, although it is rather unsatisfac-
torily expressed in words. While this may not be a character worthy of specific
recognition, I believe that it will serve at least to mark varieties; it seems likely
that Schroter’s variety eupedunculata (based on the type of the species) should
be more narrowly limited and that some of the specific names submerged by her
should be given at least varietal recognition. Possibly the typical variety will be
found limited to the Pacific; some of the Fijian material certainly is essentially
identical with that from the Societies, Samoa, ete. On the basis of the specimens
at hand I am inclined to doubt whether the bulk of the Malaysian and African
material should be left in the variety eupedunculata, if indeed in the species at all.
The form with very crowded cystoliths seems limited to Fiji and Tonga and may
well be recognized as a variety. Thus, in our region, one may readily distinguish
two varieties of P. pedunculata as follows:

1942! SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 25

Leaf-blades often pellucid-punctate or at least with obvious glands which are often depressed
on the upper surface; cystoliths of the upper leaf-surface 0.13-0.25 mm. long, 8-20 per

sq. mm., those of the lower leaf-surface 0.2-0.5 mm. long, 5-17 per sq. mm.
var. eupedunculata.
Leaf-blades thicker, not pellucid-punctate, the glands obscure; cystoliths of the upper leaf-
surface 0.13-0.6 mm. long, 18-45 per sq. mm., those of the lower leaf-surface 0.16-0.7
hove MS "st a OS I lig 2g. A oc aS ie ee A Fe var. ornata.

Var. eupedunculata Schroter in Rep. Sp. Nov. 45: 260. 1938, quoad Elatostema peduncu-
latum J. R. & G. Forst.

Koro: West coast, near sea-level, Smith 1076 (GH). Vanua MeBatavu: | Southern
limestone section, alt. 0-100 m., Smith 1441 (GH). Furanca: Limestone formation, on
cliff, alt. 0-80 m., Smith 1140 (GH).

Some of the other Fijian specimens cited by Schroter (1. c. 264, 265) may
belong in this concept, but they are not now available to me for examination.
This variety seems less common in Fiji than the following.

Var. ornata var. nov.

Frutex parvus vel herba succulenta var. eupedunculata Schroter affinis, laminis
foliorum crassioribus non pellucido-punctatis, cystolithis conspicue confertioribus
ornatis differt.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 750-1000 m., Gillespie
4297 (A, Bish) (growing on rocks in stream), Parks 20648 (A, Bish) (low epiphytic shrub;
heads red), Degener 14848 (A) (low shrub, on wet rocks in forest); Nauwanga, near
Nandarivatu, alt. 750-900 m., Degener 14509 (A) (subligneous herb, in forest; fruiting
receptacle orange; flowers white), Degener 14826 (A, Type), Mar. 13, 1941 (low shrub, on
wet rocks in forest; receptacle red); summit of Loma Langa Mt., alt. 1300 m., Gillespie
3926.5 (Bish) ; Nasukamai, alt. 450 m., Gillespie 4393 (Bish) (on rocks of river-bank; native
name: kau tho); Ra: Vatundamu, vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m.,
Degener 15402 (A) (on rocks in dry forest; native name: tokai); Tholo West:
Mbuyombuyo, near Namboutini, Tabualewa 15573 (A); Namosi: Vicinity of Namosi,
alt. 400-800 m., Parks 20179 (A, Bish) (low shrub, in wet canyon), Gillespie 2525 (Bish)
(seeds white). OvaLtau: Vicinity of Levuka, alt. 350-400 m., Gillespie 4483 (A, Bish),
4561 (Bish).

TONGA: Eva: Parks 16044 (GH) (in pockets of limestone rocks on the Liku side of
the plateau).

2. Procris anfracta (A. C. Sm.) comb. nov.

Elatostema anfractum A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 58. f. 26. 1936.

TAVEUNI: Western slope, between Somosomo and Wairiki, alt. 700-900 m., Smith 744
(Bish, Ttypr, GH, NY, UC, US) (vine, in forest, the fruiting heads bright red).

This species and the two following differ from P. Wightiana Wall. (ampl.
Schroter in Rep. Sp. Nov. 45: 191, 192, 257-259. 1938) in having the pistillate
inflorescences with more obvious and more slender peduncles and the leaf-blades
usually entire rather than obviously crenate (although in P. Goepeliana incon-
spicuous undulate crenations are present). The differences among our species
in leaf-texture and cystolith-marking are very conspicuous and appear to me of a
specific nature. The above-cited collection apparently had not come to Schroter’s
attention at the time of her monograph, although a duplicate is in the Berlin
herbarium.

3. Procris Archboldiana sp. nov.

Frutex scandens ubique glaber, ramulis subteretibus siccitate striatis brunneis
apicem versus ramosis; stipulis oblongo-linearibus acutis 3-6 mm. longis mox
caducis; foliis oppositis forsan interdum disparibus, minoribus mox deciduis,
alteris petiolatis; petiolis gracilibus 4-8 mm. longis; laminis subcarnosis opacis
in sicco fuscis saepe falcatis elliptico-oblongis, 4-8 cm. longis, 1.5-2.5 cm. latis,

26 SARGENTIA {1

basi inaequilateraliter obtusis, apice gradatim acuminatis vel cuspidatis, margine
integris vel leviter undulatis, ubique cystolithis conspicuis 0.1-0.25 mm. longis
ornatis (eis paginae inferioris densissime confertioribus), pinnatinerviis, costa
supra leviter impressa subtus subprominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 5-7
adscendentibus supra interdum prominulis; inflorescentiis 2 axillaribus solitariis
vel binis pedunculatis, pedunculis rectis gracilibus 4-13 mm. longis, capitulis sub-
globosis carnosis sub fructu 3-6 mm. diametro multifloris; bracteolis numerosis
membranaceis lineari-oblongis, circiter 1 mm. longis et 0.2 mm. latis, apice ob-
tusis; perianthii segmentis obovatis succulentis, 1-2 mm. longis et latis, basi
angustatis ; achenio ovoideo-ellipsoideo complanato, 1—-1.3 mm. longo, 0.8-1 mm.
lato, basi et apice obtuso.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nandarivatu, alt. 900 m., Gillespie 3396 (A, Bish)
(vine; fruiting heads red, gelatinous; native names: ndraindrai, sundro) ; Nauwanga, vicinity
of Nandarivatu, alt. 750 m., Degener 14354 (A, TYPE), Feb. 13, 1941 (liana, appressed to
tree-trunks in dark wet forest; peduncle green; fruiting heads dull red and somewhat
translucent ).

Procris montana (Endl.) Steud. has been mentioned by Gibbs (in Jour. Linn.
Soc. Bot. 39: 172. 1909) and Turrill (in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 43: 39. 1915) as
occurring at Nandarivatu. That species, originally described from Norfolk Is-
land, has been referred to Elatostema by Schroter (in Rep. Sp. Nov. 45: 290.
1938) ; its occurrence in Fiji is very dubious. It is possible that Gibbs and
Turrill had specimens of the present species.

4. Procris Goepeliana (A. C. Sm.) comb. nov.

Pellionia Goepeliana A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 56. f. 25. 1936.

Vitrt Levu: Naitasiri: Korombamba Mt., alt. about 300 m., Parks 20144 (A, Bish)
(on wet log; fruiting heads red), Parks 20343 (A, Bish) (vine, on log in forest; fruiting
heads red). Koro: Eastern slope of main ridge, alt. 300-500 m., Smith 979 (Bish, GH,
NY, UC, US) (high-climbing liana, in forest; perianth greenish, the anthers white).
Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Korotini Range, southern slope, alt. 300-650 m.,
Smith 519 (Bish, type, GH, NY, UC, US) (subligneous herb 1 m. high, in dense forest;
flower-buds pale green) ; Mt. Mariko, alt. 600-866 m., Smith 433 (Bish, GH, NY, UC, US)
(slender shrub 1-2 m. high, in dense forest; flower-buds green).

The three specimens upon which the species was originally described bear
staminate inflorescences, and I erroneously referred the plant to Pellionia. The
Parks specimens are quite similar, although the leaf-blades are a trifle thicker
and more nearly entire, but the cystolith-markings are identical. The pistillate
inflorescences of these Viti Levu specimens are nearly identical with those de-
scribed for P. Archoldiana. The two species are readily distinguished by the size
of their leaves and the distribution of their cystoliths.

BoEHMERIA Jacq.

Boehmeria virgata (Forst. f.) Guillem. in Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 7: 182. 1837.
Urtica virgata Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. Prodr. 66. 1786.

Boehmeria platyphylla var. virgata Wedd. in Arch. Mus. Paris 9: 366. 1856; in DC.
Prodr. 16(1): 210. 1869.

Boehmeria platyphylla sensu Seem, FI]. Vit. 242. 1868; Gibbs in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39:
173. 1909; non D. Don.

While there are admittedly difficulties in drawing satisfactory specific lines
among B. platyphylla D. Don (1825) and its allies, it seems obvious that the
Pacific material which has been referred to that species differs specifically from
the continental and typical material in details of leaf-margins, texture, pubescence,
etc. Among the abundant Fijian material of the genus which I have examined,

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 27

two forms are distinguishable, (1) plants with the leaf-blades glabrous above
and with the pubescence beneath limited to the nerves and often appressed, and
(2) plants with the leaf-blades more or less regularly appressed-strigose above
and uniformly soft-pilose beneath. The first form tends to have slightly larger
pistillate perianths than the second. Between these extremes are to be found
intergrading forms, so that no line for nomenclatural separation seems advisable.

The first of these forms is quite identical with material from the Society Is-
lands which certainly represents B. virgata. Even if one prefers to accept Wed-
dell’s broad specific concept, Forster’s antedates Don’s name by many years.
However, few modern taxonomists will agree that the Pacific material is con-
specific with that from the continent. True B. virgata, on the basis of material
now available to me, seems to occur from the Marquesas and Societies westward
at least to the New Hebrides. Below, in citing the available Fijian specimens, I
refer them to forms (1) and (2) as outlined above:

(1). Virr Levu: Tholo North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 800-1300 m., Gillespie
4036 (A, Bish) (native name: kau lolo), Parks 20587 (A, Bish) (tree 8-10 m. high, in
forest), Degener & Ordonez 13536 (A) (shrub 3 m. high, in forest), Degener 14327 (A)
(shrub to 2 m. high, in secondary forest; native name: tautau); Namosi: Near Namosi:
alt. 450 m., Gillespie 2833 (Bish). Kanpavu: Smith 197, 209, 278, 284 (all Bish, GH,
NY, UC, US) (shrubs or trees to 5 m. high, in forest, alt. 200-840 m.). Vanua Levu:
Thakaundrove: Valanga Range, alt. 200-400 m., Smith 393 (Bish, GH, NY, UC,
US) (shrub 3 m. high, in dense forest). WITHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY: Seemann 433 (GH),
Gillespie 2753 (A, Bish) (native name: rambi), 2916 (Bish), 3945 (A, Bish) (native name:
kau lolo).

(2). ae Levu: Lautoka: North of Natalau, alt. 15 m. Degener 15008 (A) (tree
3 m. high, in dry rocky forest); Ra: Near Rewasa, alt. 50-200 m., Degener 15337 (A)
(shrub about 1 m. high, in open forest; native name: ndrendre); Naitasiri: Tholo-i-
suva, alt. 250 m., Parks 20079 (A, Bish) (shrub 4 m. high). Koro: Eastern slope of
main ridge, alt. 200-300 m., Smith 944 (Bish, GH, NY, UC, US) (shrub 4 m. high, at edge
of forest; native name: ndongosele). TAaveUNt: Waiyevo, alt. 200 m., Gillespie 4696 (A,
Bish) (shrub with decumbent arched branches, at edge of clearings). WITHOUT DEFINITE
LocaLity: U. S. Expl. Exped. (US), Scemann 432 (GH), Horne 303 (GH).

Pipturus Wedd.

In examining the Fijian specimens of Pipturus, all of which belong in the
Section Eupipturus, one meets the same problems of specific limitation so ably
discussed by Skottsberg (in Acta Hort. Gothoburg. 7: 43-63. f. 1-49. 1932) in
connection with P. argenteus and its allies. Although Skottsberg does not dis-
cuss any Fijian collections in his treatment, some of our plants are obviously
similar to the specimens he cites from Samoa and Rotuma. He concludes that
these, together with the mass of Pacific and Papuasian material, may be referred
to P. argenteus (Forst. f.) Wedd. in the broad sense, and more narrowly to the
proposed variety /anosus Skottsb.

By earlier authors, several other specific names have been used for the Fijian
material of this complex, namely P. incanus (Bl.) Wedd. (which Skottsberg
[1. c. 62] believes may possibly be retained as a species of Java and Malacca),
P. propinquus (Dec.) Wedd. (which Skottsberg [l. c. 47] proposes to retain as
a variety of P. argenteus from Timor), and P. velutinus (Dec.) Wedd., which is
presumably a synonym of P. incanus.

It is now apparent, in the light of Skottsberg’s treatment, that none of these
names is applicable to the Fijian material. Nevertheless I am able to distinguish
three well marked forms which seem to me to merit specific status. One of these

28 SARGENTIA {1

is obviously the widespread P. argenteus (vat. lanosus), a second is P. platy-

phyllus Wedd., and a third is apparently a new species, with the manuscript name

P. gracilipes A. Gray but never described. The following key will serve to dis-

tinguish the species of Pipturus in Fiji:

Leaf-blades conspicuously discolorous, densely white- or grayish-lanate beneath with a closely
appressed layer of weak tangled hairs, papillose above and sparsely hispid-setose with
pale hairs 0.4-0.9 mm. long; pistillate perianth minutely sericeous, the hairs 0.05-0.15
106 Fa) (0) 0 al a aa ee 1. P. argenteus var. lanosus.

Leaf-blades essentially concolorous, densely pilose beneath (hairs cinereous, subhispid, erect,
0.25-0.8 mm. long, not tangled, not obscuring the leaf-surface), papillose above and sub-
similar or strigose-hispid, often glabrescent; pistillate perianth hispid-strigose, the hairs
ea ed WR DO iss wae Hb 85. dv kg nate eden tho ede ELVIS 2. P. platyphyllus.

Leaf-blades concolorous, short-strigillose-puberulent beneath (hairs pale, 0.05-0.15 mm. long,
scarcely apparent under a hand-lens), papillose above and glabrous or with a few incon-
spicuous straight appressed pale hairs 0.25-0.35 mm. long; pistillate perianth inconspicu-
ously puberulent-sericeous, the hairs 0.03-0.1 mim. long ................. 3. P. vitiensis.

1. Pipturus (§ Eupipturus) argenteus (Forst. f.) Wedd. var. lanosus Skottsb. in Acta

Hort. Gothoberg. 7: 62. 1932.

Vitt Levu: Lautoka: North of Lomolomo, alt. 90 m., Degener & Ordonez 13654
(A) (spreading tree 2 m. high, on edge of forest); north of Natalau, alt. 60 m., Degener
15007 (A) (small tree, in dry forest); Tholo North: Korovou, east of Tavua, alt.
60-150 m., Degener 14947 (A) (tree 3-4 m. high, in isolated dry forested ravine); Mt.
Matomba, Nandala, vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. about 800 m., Degener 14462 (A) (shrub,
in scrubby forest; native name: few); Naitasiri: Waindina River basin, alt. 50 m.,
MacDaniels 1048 (Bish) (tree 6 m. high, in forest; native name: rongga). OvaLau: Gil-
lespie 4561.5 (A, Bish). Koro: Coastal thickets along west coast, Smith 1078 (Bish, GH,
NY, UC, US) (shrub 3 m. high; native name: ronga). Wr1tHoUT DEFINITE LOCALITY: U.S.
Expl. Exped. (GH, US), Harvey (GH), Horne 345 (GH).

The above-cited specimens certainly fall into the concept covered by Skotts-
berg in his discussion of specimens from Samoa, Tonga, and Rotuma. The dif-
ferences between this form and the typical material of P. argenteus from the
Society Islands are found primarily in the indument of the lower surfaces of
leaf-blades. I do not believe that Skottsberg’s concept of either the variety or
the species includes specimens which completely lack the matted lanate indument.
Such specimens I refer to the following two species.

2. Pipturus (§ Eupipturus) platyphyllus Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 16(1): 2351. 1869; Seem.

Fl. Vit. 433. 1873.

Vitr Levu: Lautoka: North of Lomolomo, alt. 90 m., Degener & Ordonez 13653
(A) (much-branched shrub 1 m. high, on sunny grassy slope). Vanua Levu: U.S. Expl.
Exped. (GH, US); Thakaundrove: Maravu, near Salt Lake, alt. near sea-level,
Degener & Ordonez 14230 (A) (shrub or tree 2-3 m. high, on embankment near ocean) :
Uluinabathi Mt., Savu Savu Bay region, alt. 60 m., Degener & Ordonez 13928 (A) (tree
3 m. high, on lower sunny slope). WitHourT DEFINITE LOCALITY: Gillespie, Dec. 29, 1927 (A,
Bish) (native name: ngala).

The type is said to have been collected on Ovalau by Vieillard. Although I
have not seen this, our specimens agree well with the description, which states,
“\.. foliis ... concoloribus supra asperato-hispidis subtus molliter pubescentibus

Such a description could scarcely be applied to the specimens which I have
cited as P. argenteus var. lanosus. Whether or not P. platyphyllus merits spe-
cific status is a question which should be considered in connection with Pacific
material as a whole. It is to be hoped that Dr. Skottsberg will again treat this
group, with more ample material than he had in 1932. Christophersen (in Bishop

Mus. Bull. 128: 75. 1935) cites numerous Samoan specimens as Pipturus aff.

argenteus, and among them may be forms referable to P. platyphyllus.

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 29

3. Pipturus (§ Eupipturus) vitiensis sp. nov.
Pipturus gracilipes A. Gray ex Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 16(1): 23529, nomen. 1869; Seem.
Fl. Vit. 433, nomen. 1873.

Frutex vel arbor gracilis ad 6 m. alta, ramulis subteretibus saepe flexuosis
juventute minutissime cinereo-puberulis demum glabratis; foliis apicem ramu-
lorum versus saepe numerosis, petiolis gracilibus ut ramulis puberulis (2—) 3-8.5
cm. longis, laminis papyraceis concoloribus siccitate fusco-viridibus ovato-ellip-
ticis, (S—) 7-11 cm. longis, (2—) 3-8.5 cm. latis, basi rotundatis vel late obtusis,
apice gradatim acuminatis (acumine ad 2 cm. longo mucronulato), margine obtuse
crenato-dentatis (dentibus 1-3 per centimetrum), supra minute papillosis et glabris
vel pilis paucis inconspicuis pallidis sparse strigosis, subtus pilis pallidis 0.05-0.15
mm. longis inconspicue strigilloso-puberulis, costa saepe pallida supra subplana
vel leviter elevata subtus subprominente, nervis secondariis utrinsecus circiter 4
(infimis e basi adscendentibus) supra subplanis subtus leviter elevatis, rete
venularum intricato subtus manifesto pilis non obscuro, areolis ultimis minutis ;
stipulis papyraceis oblongo-deltoideis 2.5-3 mm. longis acutis bicostatis sericeo-
puberulis; inflorescentiis masculis non visis; inflorescentiis femineis simpliciter
glomerato-spicatis gracilibus 2-6 cm. longis, rhachi gracili minute puberula saepe
flexuosa, glomerulis multifloris 3-7 mm. inter se distantibus, receptaculo puberulo,
bracteis lineari-oblongis puberulis circiter 0.5 mm. longis; perigonio submem-
branaceo ovoideo sub anthesi circiter 0.7 mm. sub fructu circiter 1.3 mm. longo,
obscure plurinervato, inconspicue puberulo-sericeo, apice minute 4-lobato; nuce
ovoidea compressa circiter 1 mm. longa et 0.7 mm. lata, breviter apiculata, stig-
mate 1—1.7 mm. longo.

FuLANGA: Near Monothaki, alt. 0-80 m., Smith 1108 (Bish, GH, NY, UC, US) (shrub
1-2 m. high, in thickets on limestone formation; native name: ronga). KAMBARA: Near
Tokalau, alt. 0-100 m., Smith 1233 (Bish, GH, typz, NY, UC, US), Mar. 2, 1934 (slender
tree 6 m. high, on edge of forest on limestone formation; native name: ronga). WiutTHouT
DEFINITE LOCALITY: U. S. Expl. Exped. (source of the name Pipturus gracilipes, GH, US).

On the basis of the very short and inconspicuous pubescence of its leaf-blades,
P. vitiensis must be considered specifically distinct from P. platyphyllus and P.
argenteus. The leaves appear to be glabrous until closely examined. It seems
advisable to ignore Gray’s manuscript name and to designate as the type a more
recent collection which is widely distributed in American and European herbaria.
The possibility that the Exploring Expedition specimen also came from Fulanga
is suggested by the following note of Pickering (Geogr. Distr. of Animals and
Plants 2: 365. 1876) : “Boehmeria-like but the leaves alternate (No. 1). Leaves
petioled ; aments consisting of strings of capit. ‘Island of Fulari,) Dr. Holmes.”
As the specimens of this collection are not numbered, one cannot too surely tie
them to Pickering’s notes, but the above description fits our plant, and “Fulari”
may well refer to Fulanga. Thus the species may prove to be limited to the
Lau group.

SANTALACEAE
Exocarpus vitiensis sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbor ad 7 m. alta ubique praeter inflorescentiam glabra, ramulis sub-
teretibus vel juventute leviter angulatis; petiolis gracilibus 2-5 mm. longis supra
leviter canaliculatis ; laminis viridibus vel siccitate fusco-viridibus chartaceis ellip-
tico-oblongis, 4-9 cm. longis, 2—3.5 em. latis, basi in petiolum attenuatis, apice obtu-
sis vel inconspicue calloso-cuspidatis, margine integris, nervis primariis 5—9 a basi
divergentibus supra leviter impressis vel prominulis subtus paullo elevatis, venulis
reticulum inconspicuum immersum vel utrinque leviter prominulum formantibus ;
inflorescentiis ubique minute cinereo-puberulis, spicis axillaribus solitariis sub
anthesi stipite inconspicuo incluso ad 15 mm. sub fructu ad 32 mm. longis, rhachi

30 SARGENTIA {1

1-1.3 mm. diametro; floribus 30-40 per inflorescentiam in foveolis inconspicuis
sessilibus, bracteis minutis late deltoideis obtusis; perianthio sub anthesi 1.5—1.7
mm. diametro, tubo hemisphaerico, lobis 5 valvatis rotatis tenuiter carnosis del-
toideis subacutis 0.5-0.7 mm. longis et latis intus obscure puberulis ; disco carnoso
pentagono; staminibus 5, antheris ad marginem disci subsessilibus inflexis trans-
verse ellipsoideis 0.3-0.4 mm. latis, loculis rimis introrso-lateralibus dehiscentibus ;
ovario in disco semi-immerso, stigmate sessili; fructibus minute cinereo-puberulis
glabrescentibus, parte inferiore obconica ad 9 mm. longa et summo ad 8 mm.
diametro, fructibus ipsis semi-ovoideis ad 10 mm. longis et basim versus ad 8 mm.
diametro, leviter 5-angulatis, apice truncatis et inconspicue emarginatis.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nandarivatu, alt. 800-900 m., Degener & Ordonez 13557
(A, Tyre), Nov. 20, 1940 (shrub or small tree about 2 m. high, in rain-forest). VANUA
MesaLavu: Northern limestone section, alt. 150 m., Smith 1502 (GH, NY) (tree 7 m. high,
in forest on exposed cliff).

This is the species which I questionably referred to E. latifolius R. Br. (in
Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 49. 1936). The Viti Levu collection bears good flowers
and a single mature fruit, making desirable a separation of the cited material from
the well-known Australasian and Malaysian species, which is doubtless its closest
ally. Exocarpus vitiensis differs from E. latifolius in having its spikes appar-
ently always solitary (rather than often several in leaf-axils or branched), its
flowers comparatively less crowded and larger (1.5-1.7 mm. rather than 1-1.3
mm. in diameter), and its fruits semi-ovoid, lightly 5-angled, and about equal in
length to the swollen stalk (rather than subglobose, smooth, and conspicuously
larger than the stalk).

BALANOPHORACEAE
Balanophora fungosa J. R. & G. Forst. Char. Gen. 100. 1776; G. Forst. Fl. Ins. Austr.

Prodr. 64. 1786; Seem. Fl. Vit. 99. 1865.

Vitt Levu: Ra: Vatundamu, vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m.,
Degener 15418 (A) (parasitic on roots of a Citrus and other species, on dry forested forehill;
entire plant pale yellow except for grayish rootstock, appearing just above surface of ground
when flowering; native name: tumbutumbu).

The only previously cited collection of this family from Fiji was a specimen
collected by Milne on Moala, which Seemann did not see but which he cites on the
authority of Milne (in Hook. Jour. Bot. & Kew Misc. 7: 152. 1855). Seemann
gives no reason for referring Milne’s collection to B. fungosa, but he implies this
to be the common Pacific species, extending from the Society Islands to the New
Hebrides and Australia. The species of the Society Islands has since been re-
ferred to B. pallens (Sol.) Setchell (in Univ. Cal. Publ. Bot. 12: 173. pl. 29, 30.
1926). Setchell (1. c.) implies that the Australian plant which J. D. Hooker (in
Trans. Linn. Soc. 22: 46. pl. 8. 1856) refers to B. fungosa may actually differ
from that species. As to the Degener collection, however, there seems little doubt
that it is conspecific with the New Hebrides plant which is the type of the species,
as this is described and figured by J. R. and G. Forster (Char. Gen. 99, 100. pl.
50.1776). Although B. fungosa may be locally common at certain seasons, it 1s
definitely rare in herbarium collections. Its rediscovery in Fiji and the collection
of fine herbarium material are of great interest.

AMARANTHACEAE

Deeringia amaranthoides (Lam.) Merr. Interpret. Herb. Amb. 211. 1917.

Vitt Levu: Ra: Vatundamusewa, vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. about 200 m.,
Degener 15463 (A) (liana, in open forest; leaves edible when cooked; native name: tokot).

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 31

Koro: East coast, near sea-level, Smith 1032 (GH, NY) (vine, in thickets). WitHout
LocaLity: U. S. Expl. Exped. (GH).

This common continental and Malaysian plant has not been reported in the
Pacific east of Papuasia, as far as I can discover, except from Micronesia. The
genus is new to the Fijian flora.

Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex R. & S. Syst. 5: 554. 1819; Christoph. in Bishop
Mus. Bull. 128: 83. 1935.
Vitr Levu: Tholo West: Mbelo, near Vatukarasa, alt. 120 m., Degener 15216
(GH) (in shallow water of marsh).
Although said to be common in Samoa, this weed has apparently not previously
been reported from Fiji.

ANNONACEAE
Desmos insularis sp. nov.

Arbor compacta circiter 5 m. alta, ramulis gracilibus teretibus fusco-cinereis
copiose lenticellatis, juventute pilis brunneo-cinereis ad 1 mm. longis simplicibus
strigosis mox glabratis; petiolis inconspicuis subteretibus 1-2 mm. longis ut
ramulis strigosis ; laminis chartaceis vel papyraceis anguste elliptico-oblongis, 4-10
cm. longis, 1.5-4 cm. latis, basi cordatis vel truncato-subcordatis, apice obtusis,
margine integris et planis, supra glabris vel juventute et interdum nervis parce
hispidis, subtus pilis simplicibus circiter 0.5 mm. longis albo-cinereo-hispidulis,
costa supra subplana vel leviter elevata subtus valde elevata, nervis secundariis
utrinsecus 7-12 subpatentibus marginem versus adscendentibus et irregulariter
conjunctis supra leviter subtus conspicue prominulis, rete venularum intricato
utrinque paullo prominulo; inflorescentiis axillaribus breviter paniculatis 1—1.5
(-3.5) cm. longis, rhachi ramulisque rugulosis parce cinereo-pilosis, bracteis
lanceolato-deltoideis 1.5—2 mm. longis acutis adpresso-strigulosis ; floribus pluribus
sed sub anthesi plerumque solitariis, pedicellis crassis strigulosis circiter 2 mm.
longis bractea orbiculari circiter 0.5 mm. diametro caduca subtentis; calyce sub
anthes1 3-4 mm. diametro extus brunneo-striguloso intus glabro fere ad basim
3(vel 4-)-lobato, lobis deltoideis valvatis acutis circiter 1.5 mm. longis et latis;
petalis 6 (raro 8) biseriatis ut videtur valvatis subcarnosis subaequalibus ovatis,
circiter 3.5 mm. longis, 1.3-2 mm. latis, apice breviter acuminatis, extus dense
brunneo-tomentellis, intus glabris apicem versus tomentellis; toro leviter concavo
pilis circiter 0.3 mm. longis brunneo-crisposo-strigoso; staminibus numerosis
(70-80) congestis 0.8-1.2 mm. longis, filamentis minutis, connectivo apicem
versus incrassato et truncato, loculis lineari-ellipsoideis ; pistillis paucis (ut videtur
4 vel 5) sub anthesi circiter 1.5 mm. longis, ovario pallide brunneo-setoso oblongo-
ellipsoideo obscure pellucido-punctato, ovulis circiter 6-8 ut videtur biseriatis,
stigmate subsessili subgloboso circiter 0.3 mm. diametro; pedicellis sub fructu in-
crassatis glabratis a rhachi haud distinctis, calyce subpersistente, receptaculo parvo
dense strigoso ; carpellis plerumque 2—4 ellipsoideo-oblongis plerumque 2.5—4 cm.
longis et 7-10 mm. diametro subtorulosis, basi in stipitem 2-4 mm. longum ab-
rupte contractis, apice conspicue cuspidatis (apice circiter 2 mm. longo obtuso),
pericarpio tenui duro pilis minutis densissime brunneo-tomentello plerumque con-
spicue tuberculato, seminibus 6-8 (vel ut videtur raro ad 1 reductis) oblique
superpositis subglobosis vel complanatis.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Korovou, east of Tavua, alt. 60-120 m., Degener 14968
(A, TyPE), Apr. 1, 1941 (compact tree 5 m. high, in isolated dry forested ravine; fruit brown-
ish gray). .

The generic disposition of this plant, which is one of Mr. Degener’s most inter-
esting discoveries, is questionable. The essential characters, however, seem to
point to the genus Desmos Lour., which has not previously been reported east of

32 SARGENTIA [1

the Philippines. Our plant is almost certainly a member of the tribe Unoneae, in
which its free petals and numerous ovules indicate such genera as Canangium
Baill. and Desmos Lour. (the correct genus for the Old World species once re-
ferred to Unona L.). The new species is characterized by its comparatively small
and thin leaf-blades, which are persistently pilose beneath and with inconspicuous
veinlets. Only a single mature flower and one bud were found, and so the above
dimensions are not reliable, although they indicate unusually small flowers for
the genus. Additional flowering material may well indicate the desirability of
erecting a new genus for this plant. The fact that the ovules are biseriate and
the seeds obliquely rather than strictly superposed would seem to differentiate it
from the species of Desmos. In the absence of ample flowering material, how-
ever, it seems unwise to propose a new genus for the Fijian plant at present. The
fruits of our species are conspicuous for their close persistent pubescence, cuspi-
date apices, and tuberculate surfaces.

Were the petals of our plant imbricate, the genus Uvaria L. might be consid-
ered, but Uvaria is excluded by its perianth characters, scandent habit, and the
presence of stellate hairs. The New Caledonian representative of Uvaria, U.
Baillonii Guillaumin, seems very dubiously placed in that genus.

Polyalthia pedicellata A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 61. fig. 29. 1936.
Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nauwanga, vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. about 750 m.,
Degener 14719 (A), 14737 (A) (trees, in forest; bark used for rope; native name: makosot).
The two cited collections, both in fruit, agree excellently with the type and
only previously known collection, obtained at high elevation on Vanua Levu.

Xylopia vitiensis nom. nov.
Fissistigma sericeum A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 62. fig. 30. 1936; not Xylopia
sericea St. Hil. (1825).

Vitt Levu: Rewa: Vicinity of Suva, Tothill F516 (A).

I erroneously referred this species to Fissistigma in 1936. A re-examination
and due consideration of such characters as the arboreal habit, the narrow petals,
and the flattened or slightly concave receptacle indicate the place of the species in
Xylopia L. The genus Fissistigma, therefore, is still unknown from Fiji. Xy-
lopia has not previously been reported east of Papuasia and New Caledonia. The
alliance of our species with those of the nearest areas is remote.

The Tothill specimen agrees perfectly with the type, collected on the lower
slopes of Mt. Mbatini on Vanua Levu, in vegetative characters. It is accom-
panied by a single detached carpel which is apparently not quite mature. This
carpel, identical with those of the type in shape and proportions, lacks the lining
of air-cavities previously described and figured by me. It may be assumed that
these develop only with age or that they do not provide a constant character.

Xylopia Degeneri sp. nov.

Arbor circiter 4 m. alta ubique praeter inflorescentiam et ramulos juveniles
puberulos glabra, ramulis purpurascentibus conspicue flexuosis rugosis copiose et
pallide lenticellatis; petiolis gracilibus (circiter 1.5 mm. diametro) canaliculatis
rugulosis 15-20 mm. longis ; laminis subcoriaceis siccitate viridi-olivaceis oblongo-
ellipticis, 7-10 cm. longis, 3-4.5 cm. latis, basi late obtusis et in petiolum decur-
rentibus, apice rotundatis et interdum inconspicue callosis, margine integris et
paullo incrassatis, subtus inconspicue sed dense pallido-glandulosis, costa supra
subplana subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 9-12 patentibus mar-
ginem versus anastomosantibus cum rete venularum intricato utrinque valde
prominulis ; inflorescentiis apicem ramulorum versus axillaribus brevibus pauci-

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 33

floris (sub anthesi floribus plerumque solitariis), rhachi pedicellisque parce pallido-
aureo-sericeis, pedicellis crassis sub anthesi 2-3 mm. longis bractea suborbiculari
sericea 1—1.5 mm. longa subtentis ; calyce subrotato sub anthesi 8-9 mm. diametro
ut pedicellis pilis 0.2-0.3 mm. longis extus sericeo intus glabro, sepalis 3 ovato-
deltoideis circiter 5 mm. longis et latis apice acutis vel cuspidatis ; corolla cylindrico-
urceolata inconspicue hexagona 28-30 mm. longa, basi conspicue dilatata, petalis
6 crasse carnosis valvatis biseriatis, exterioribus 3 lanceolatis circiter 3 mm. latis,
basim versus ad 5-6 mm. dilatatis, extus dense aureo-sericeis, intus minute et pal-
lide puberulis, interioribus 3 subulatis minute puberulis trigonis 1-1.2 mm. latis,
basim versus ad 4 mm. subito incrassatis; toro leviter convexo vel complanato ;
staminibus numerosis congestis 2—2.2 mm. longis, filamentis ligulatis brevissimis,
connectivo in appendiculam subglobosam minute papillosam circiter 0.25 mm.
diametro producto, loculis linearibus septatis; pistillis paucis ut videtur stamina
longitudine subaequantibus, ovario ellipsoideo pallide sericeo, ovulis circiter 8
superpositis ; pedicellis sub fructu incrassatis ad 8 mm. longis, receptaculo sub-
globoso, carpellis maturis ut videtur 5-8 coriaceis anguste ellipsoideo-oblongis ple-
rumque inconspicue torulosis, stipite incluso 2.5-4.5 cm. longis, 6-8 mm. latis, in-
conspicue circumcarinatis, basi in stipitem crassum ad 1 cm. longum contractis,
apice inaequilateraliter obtuse cuspidatis, pericarpio tenui (circiter 0.5 mm.
crasso), seminibus circiter 6 (vel abortu paucioribus) superpositis obliquis brun-
neis nitidis ovoideis, 8-9 mm. longis, 3-5 mm. latis.

Vitt Levu: Serua: Vatutavathe, vicinity of Ngaloa, alt. 150 m., Degener 15204 (A,
TYPE), May 5, 1941 (tree 4 m. high, in forest; flowers yellowish).

In vegetative characters, XY. Degeneri is scarcely distinguishable from X. viti-
ensis A, C. Sm., having essentially similar leaves; the branchlets of the new spe-
cies are more conspicuously and regularly flexuose. The flowers of X. Degeneri
resemble those of its relative in such characters as pubescence and general appear-
ance, differing in their much longer petals and stamens, the latter being 3-4 times
the length of those of X. vitiensis and having conspicuously septate locules. The
fruits of the new species differ in shape from those of X. witiensis, being longer
and much narrower, with a more conspicuous stipe and with slight dorsal and
ventral keels. The pericarp is thinner and lacks air-cavities, while the seeds are
somewhat smaller. That the described fruits are quite mature is shown by the
fully developed endosperm.

Cyathocalyx vitiensis A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 64. fig. 31. 1936.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Mt. Matomba, Nandala, vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt.
750 m., Degener 14638 (A) (tree, in forest; flowers green; bark used for rope; native name:
makosoi); Naitasiri: Suva Pumping Station, alt. 30 m., Degener & Ordonez 13744
(A) (few-branched tree 5 m. high, in open forest; flowers greenish).

The species has previously been known only from the type collection, obtained
in the Wainunu River valley on Vanua Levu. The cited specimens agree excel-
lently with the type.

Oxymitra monosperma (A. Gray) A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 62. 1936.
Richella monosperma A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 1: 28. pl. 2. 1854; Seem. Fl. Vit.
5. 1865.

Vitr Levu: Tholo North: Nandala, vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 750 m., Degener
14385a (A) (slender few-branched cauliflorous tree 6 m. high, in dense forest): Mt. Ma-
tomba, Nandala, alt. 750 m., Degener 14639 (A) (tree, in forest; bark used for rope; native
name: makosoi); Naitasiri: Vicinity of Nasinu, near Suva, alt. 150 m., Gillespie 3652
(GH, NY). Ovatau: Near summit of main range west of Levuka, alt. 500 m., Gillespie
4440 (GH, NY).

34 SARGENTIA {1

At the time I proposed the above combination I had seen only the type collec-
tion, from Ovalau. The cited specimens agree very well with this and serve to
give a better picture of the distribution of the species.

Annona glabra L. Sp. Pl. 537. 1753.

Vitt Levu: Serua: Negaloa, near sea-level, Degener 15069 (A) (tree 2-3 m. high, in
wet coastal meadow; petals yellow, reddish within toward base; fruit red, edible when ripe;
native name: kaitambu).

This species has not previously been reported from Fiji and apparently has not
been commonly introduced into the Asiatic tropics.

Annona squamosa L. Sp. Pl. 537. 1753.

FULANGA: On limestone formation, alt. near sea-level, Smith 1193 (NY) (tree 10 m.
high, in clearing; fruit edible; native name: apelt).

This introduced species has not previously been mentioned from Fiji, although
it has been reported from several of the neighboring groups.

LAURACEAE
By C. K. ALLEN

Cinnamomum Degeneri Allen, sp. nov.

Arbor, ramulis dense fulvo-tomentosis, mox glabrescentibus teretibus striatis
atro-rubescentibus sat robustis. Folia opposita vel alternata, ovata, 6.5-8 cm.
longa, 3.5-4.5 cm. lata, subcoriacea, leviter acuminata vel attenuato-acuminata,
basi rotundata, supra nitida, glabra, subtus dense et pallide ferrugineo-lanuginosa,
mox glabrescentia, triplinervia, nervis supra leviter subtus conspicue elevatis,
petiolis gracilibus 1.5 cm. longis glabris atratis. Inflorescentia subterminalis, laxe
cymosa, ad 6 cm. longa, dense fulvo-lanuginosa, pauciflora, pedunculis ad 3 cm.
longis. Flores 4-5 mm. longi, dense fulvo-lanuginosi, perianthii lobis ovatis,
intus pubescentibus ad 2 mm. longis, tubo circiter 2 mm. longo, pedicellis gracili-
bus lanuginosis ad 1 cm. longis, summis leviter crassis. Fructus ignotus.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nauwanga, vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 750 m., Degener
14531 (A, TYPE), Feb. 24, 1941 (tree, in dense forest; native name: mathou).

The leaf outline of this species is not particularly outstanding, being ovate with
a more or less attenuately acuminate tip, but the ferrugineous-lanuginose indument
covering the young leaves and branchlets is distinctive. Unusual also is the
densely fulvous or greyish woolly inflorescence, with large flowers. This heavy
indument is reminiscent of that found on C. sulphuratuim Nees of India, in which,
however, it is not as pronounced and is a yellowish brown in color. A few of
the flowers are in the post anthesis stage, showing where the line of abscission
occurs, leaving the rounded lobes that will eventually enlarge to form the cupule
subtending the expanded fruit. The bark of the dried specimen, when scraped,
yields a pleasant aromatic fragrance.

Cryptocarya Degeneri Allen, sp. nov.

Arbor ad 6 m. alta, ramulis minute pallide brunneo-pubescentibus mox atro-
pubescentibus demum glabrescentibus atro-rubescentibus griseis teretibus striatis.
Folia alternata, ovata vel elliptica, (9-) 10-14.5 cm. longa, 4.5—6 cm. lata, perga-
mentacea, obtuse acuminata, basi rotundata saepe subcordata vel raro abrupte
acuminata, utrinque glabra, novella subtus argenteo-sericea, minute et dense
glanduloso-punctata, subtriplinervia, nervis brunnescentibus supra leviter et con-
spicue subtus conspicue elevatis, nervis lateralibus 1 vel 2 sat inconspicuis, venis
transversis subparallelibus, utrinque reticulata, petiolis 1-2 cm. longis atratis
minute tuberculatis pubescentibus mox glabris. Inflorescentia immatura, axil-

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 30

laris, ad 1 cm. longa, fulvo-pubescens mox glabra, pedunculis gracilibus brevibus.
Flores ignoti. Fructus in sicco nigrescens, glaber, tuberculatus, leviter costatus,
subglobosus, apice perianthii tubi reliquiis coronatus, 10 X 9 mm., pedicellis levi-
ter incrassatis 2 mm. longis 1 mm. crassis pubescentibus.

Vitt Levu: Ra: Mataimeravula, vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m.,
Degener 15412 (A, tyre), June 3, 1941 (tree 5 m. high, in forest; bark added to coconut oil
for fragrance; native name: motho); Tholo North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 750
m., Degener 14311 (A) (tree 3-5 m. high, in dark dense forest along stream); Tholo
West: Lumuka, vicinity of Mbelo, near Vatukarasa, alt. 250 m., Degener 15228 (A)
(tree 6 m. high, in forest).

There is no known species from Fiji with which the above may claim relation-
ship. It is similar in many respects to C. trinervia Elmer from the Philippines,
but the leaves of the latter are elliptic. The fruit and habit resemble those of
C. exfoliata Allen from New Guinea, but the leaves of the latter are less promi-
nently three-nerved, of thicker texture, and smaller.

Cryptocarya constricta Allen, sp. nov.

Arbor, ramulis novellis breviter ferrugineo-tomentosis mox glabrescentibus
teretibus plus minusve striatis griseis. Folia alternata, oblonga, 13-20 cm. longa,
3.7-7 cm. lata, coriacea, caudata vel acuminata, raro obtusa, basi cuneata, supra
venis exceptis glabra vel minute pubescentia, subtus glauca, venis utrinque dense
ferrugineo-tomentosis, penninervia, nervis 6 vel 7 supra inconspicuis brunnescenti-
pubescentibus subtus conspicue elevatis dense ferrugineo-tomentosis, venis trans-
versis subparallelibus, subtus laxe reticulata, petiolis ad 2 cm. longis robustis dense
ferrugineo-tomentosis mox glabrescentibus demum glabris striatis. Inflorescentia
ignota, probabiliter dense ferrugineo-tomentosa. Fructus in sicco nigrescens,
glaber, leviter et obscure costatus, ellipsoideus, utrinque attenuatus, apice peri-
anthi tubi reliquiis coronatus, basi constrictus, 2 & 1.5 cm., pedicellis sat incras-
satis brevibus pubescentibus.

Virr Levu: Naitasiri: Suva Pumping Station, alt. 30 m., Degener & Ordonez
13761 (A, TyPE), Dec. 15, 1940 (tree, in forest).

This species is striking because of the densely ferrugineous-tomentose venation
standing out in relief against the pale glaucous grey lower leaf-surface. The
fruit constricted at the base, simulating a stipe about twice as wide as the pedicel
and only about 2 mm. in length, presents a unique character. There is no known
species with which the above has a close affinity, although it bears a superficial
resemblance in fruit and leaf characters to several recently described species from
New Guinea.

Endiandra monticola A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 71. fig. 36. 1936.

Vitt Levu: Naitasiri: Suva Pumping Station, in forest, alt. 30 m., Degener &
Ordones 13775 (A).

The type, Smith 563 from Vanua Levu, is in flower. Degener’s number is ap-
parently the only fruiting specimen that has been collected. Unfortunately it is
a poor specimen and a unicate, and hence description of the fruit must be post-
poned until better material is available. There can be no doubt, however, that
the two numbers are conspecific.

CRASSULACEAE

Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Kurz in Jour. As. Soc. Beng. 40(2): 52. 1871.

Vitr Levu: Tholo West: Near Saru, Tabualewa 15618 (GH) (native name:
thakomana),

This widespread weed has apparently not otherwise been reported from the
group; the family also is new to Fiji.

36 SARGENTIA {1

ROSACEAE

Chrysobalanus Icaco L. Sp. Pl. 513. 1753.
Vitt Levu: Rewa: Near Suva, Parham 20 (A) (shrub, near a creek; fruit yellow).
This widespread American plant is apparently here first recorded for the Pa-
cific region. According to Mrs. Parham’s notes, it is probably becoming natu-
ralized in Fiji.
LEGUMINOSAE

Schrankia distachya DC. Prodr. 2: 443. 1825, vel aff.

Vitt Levu: Nandronga: Government Farm, Singatoka, Greenwood 838 (A) (low
shrub, up to 1.5 m. high, sending out long shoots near ground level).

Since the specimen bears neither flowers nor fruits, the identification 1s tenta-
tive; our plant agrees with Mexican material of S. distachya in its pilose stem
and pubescent leaflets, but has the leaflets smaller on the average. The collector
notes that the species is evidently a recent arrival in Fiji. The genus has appar-
ently not been recorded from the Pacific area.

Maniltoa grandiflora (A. Gray) Scheff. in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 1: 20. 1876.

Cynometra grandiflora A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 1: 470. pl. 52. 1854; Seem. FI.

Vit. 71. 1865.

It seems that the correct authority for the accepted binomial for this Fijian
species is Scheffer, even though his description (1. c.) applies exclusively to a
New Guinea species which was later named M. Schefferi K. Schum. (in K.
Schum. & Hollr. Fl. Kais. Wilh. 101. 1889). Because of Scheffer’s misidenti-
fication of the New Guinea plant, Harms apparently thought it desirable to pro-
pose a new combination for Gray’s species, Maniltoa grandiflora (A. Gray)
Harms (in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. Nachtr. III. 3: 194. 1897; in Notizbl. Bot.
Gart. Berlin 3: 191. 1902; in Bot. Jahrb. 55: 48. 1917). This was not neces-
sary, for the fact that Scheffer misidentified his New Guinea species does not
affect the status of his new combination.

Since the genus Maniltoa received its first description in connection with M.
grandiflora, the only binomial proposed by Scheffer, the question of the typifica-
tion of the genus arises. In this case it is probably advisable to take Scheffer’s
actual description (later referred to M. Scheffer) as the basis of the genus and to
designate M. Schefferi as the type-species. Nevertheless, the validity of Schef-
fer’s combination based on Cynometra grandiflora A. Gray seems unquestionable.
Since the two species appear to be congeneric, the selection of the genotype is
not likely to cause confusion.

In his original description, Gray indicates that there are two or three forms
of this species, and his plate illustrates specimens which have obviously come
from three plants. Four sheets are available to me, deposited in the Gray Her-
barium and the U. S. National Herbarium. The floral details of the plate are
from the specimen illustrated in fig. B, and this specimen (US), which has the
best inflorescences, is doubtless to be taken as the actual type. The specimen
upon which fig. A is based is to be found in the Gray Herbarium. Both herbaria
have specimens from the plant which served as the basis for fig. C. Although
slight foliage differences exist among these various specimens, the collections now
available do not indicate differences of nomenclatural value. As I interpret the
species, it is represented by the following specimens :

Vitt Levu: Nandronga: Singatoka River, Greenwood 423B (A) (tree to 23 m.
high, in forest along creek; bark gray); Tholo West: Naruku, vicinity of Mbelo, near

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II ci

Vatukarasa, alt. 250 m., Degener 15317 (A) (tree 8 m. high, in forest; native name: yamo;
timbers used for house-posts). Wanua Levu: U. S. Expl. Exped. (illustr. as fig. B) (US,
TYPE); U. S. Expl. Exped. (illustr. as fig. A) (GH); Thakaundrove: Uluinabathi
Mt., Savu Savu Bay region, Degener & Ordonez 13949 (A) (tree 3 m. high, in forest).
Ovatau: U.S. Expl. Exped. (illustr. as fig. C) (GH, US). Koro: Eastern slope of
main ridge, alt. 300-500 m., Smith 1022 (GH, NY, US) (tree 20 m. high, in dense forest;
leaf-buds brown-pilose). WiuItTHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY: Seemann 138, in part (GH) ; Horne
519 (GH).

Maniltoa minor sp. nov.

Arbor ad 13 m. alta sub anthesi ubique glabra, ramulis subteretibus cinereis
rugulosis inconspicue lenticellatis ; foliis 2-jugis vel interdum apicem ramulorum
versus unijugis, petiolis subteretibus rugulosis 3-6 mm. longis, petiolulis incon-
spicuis circiter 1 mm. longis; laminis foliolorum subcoriaceis in sicco viridi-
olivaceis inaequilateraliter ellipticis, 2.5-4 cm. longis, 1.7—2.5 cm. latis, basi latere
inferiore rotundatis vel late obtusis superiore gradatim angustatis, apice late ob-
tusis et emarginatis, margine integris et paullo incrassatis, utrinque in sicco rugu-
losis, costa recta vel leviter curvata utrinque elevata, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus
5-8 cum aliis debilioribus interspersis marginem versus anastomosantibus utrinque
paullo prominulis vel supra subplanis, rete venularum intricato subimmerso vel
subtus prominulo; inflorescentiis axillaribus racemosis basi multibracteatis, brac-
teis imbricatis papyraceis concavis, exterioribus late ovatis 1-2 mm. longis, in-
terioribus caducis non visis sed forsan majoribus, rhachi crassa demum 1.5—2 cm.
longa basibus florum conspicue incrassata; pedicellis gracilibus teretibus 14-18
mm. longis, basi bractea decidua et bracteolis 2 oblongis circiter 1.5 mm. longis
dorsaliter costa sparse hispidis subtentis, apice in receptaculum circiter 1.5 mm.
diametro incrassatis; floribus numerosis circiter 15-20 per inflorescentiam;
sepalis, petalis staminibusque e margine tubi brevis cylindrici orientibus, tubo
0.5—1 mm. longo basi cicatricoso demum e receptaculo circumciso; sepalis 5 sub
anthesi reflexis submembranaceis oblongis, 6.5—-7 mm. longis, 2-4 mm. latis, apice
obtusis, sparse nervatis; petalis 5 submembranaceis anguste obovato-ellipticis,
7-8 mm. longis, circiter 1.5 mm. latis, apice subacutis, basim versus angustatis ;
staminibus 25-30, 1- vel 2-seriatis, filamentis filiformibus 10-12 mm. longis,
antheris oblongis circiter 1 mm. longis medio dorsifixis, apice mucronulatis ;
ovario pallido interdum minute puberulo mox glabro breviter stipitato, ovulo
unico, stylo filiformi circiter 7 mm. longo, stigmate minute capitato.

MoaLa: Near Maloku, alt. 200 m., Smith 1333 (GH, typr, NY, US), Mar. 22, 1934
(tree 13 m. high; petals and filaments white; native name: thimbithimbi; wood considered
good for houses). WITHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY: Seemann 138, in part (GH).

Maniltoa minor is related to M. grandiflora (A. Gray) Scheff., but the two
species differ in many obvious floral characters. The sepals, petals, and stamens
of M. grandiflora are borne separately on the margin of the receptacle, while in
M. minor these organs arise from a short cylindric tube. At the base of this
tube, a ring of scars indicates that bracts were probably present in bud. This
character may prove to be of generic significance, but until young inflorescences
of M. minor are available I prefer to place the species in Maniltoa. The ovules
of the new species are solitary rather than two per ovary, as in M, grandiflora.
In addition, the flowers of MV. minor are smaller in all details, as indicated by the
following dimensions for M. grandiflora: sepals 10-15 mm. long and 4-7 mm.
broad; petals 12-19 mm. long and 3-4 mm. broad; filaments 15-25 mm. long;
style 9-10 mm. long. The leaflet-blades of M. grandiflora are 4.5-10 cm. long
and 2-5.5 cm. broad, being thus substantially larger than those of the new species.

Seemann 138 (GH) consists of collections which appear to have come from
three plants. Two of them are referable to M. grandiflora, but the third, which

38 SARGENTIA [1

is sterile, has leaves essentially identical with those of Smith 1333, and I refer
it to the new species with confidence.

era falcata A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 1: 472. 1854; Seem. Fl. Vit. 71.
1865.

Vitti Levu: Mba: U.S. Expl. Exped. (US, Type).

This species has been confused with Maniltoa grandiflora in herbaria, but it is
easily distinguished from that species by its fewer stamens, small flowers and
bracts, and its single pair of leaflets (rather than 2 or 3 pairs as in Maniltoa
grandiflora, where the leaflets are only rarely reduced to a single pair). I have
seen no material referable to C. falcata except the type.

Cynometra insularis sp. nov.

Arbor ad 15 m. alta inflorescentiis exceptis glabra, ramulis crassis subteretibus
rugulosis cinereis lenticellatis; foliis unijugis petiolatis, petiolis rectis supra in-
terdum leviter canaliculatis 12-25 mm. longis, petiolulis inconspicuis 1-3 mm.
longis; laminis foliolorum coriaceis siccitate viridibus vel olivaceis inaequilater-
aliter oblongis, 6-8 cm. longis, 2.5-4.5 cm. latis, basi latere inferiore rotundatis
superiore gradatim angustatis, apice obtuse cuspidatis vel inconspicue emarginatis,
margine integris et paullo recurvatis, utrinque in sicco rugulosis, costa recta supra
leviter elevata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus circiter 10 cum allis
debilioribus interspersis supra paullo impressis subtus prominulis vel planis, rete
venularum intricato immerso supra inconspicue impresso subtus obscuro; in-
florescentiis axillaribus racemosis basi multibracteatis, bracteis imbricatis concavis
papyraceis vel subcoriaceis leviter striatis demum caducis, exterioribus sub-
glabris late ovatis circiter 2 mm. longis, interioribus oblongo-ellipticis ad 10 mm.
longis et 7 mm. latis, extus dense puberulis vel sericeis, apice obtusis vel rotun-
datis, rhachi crassa demum 1.5-2.5 cm. longa pilis pallidis circiter 0.5 mm. longis
dense patente-pilosa basibus florum conspicue incrassata; pedicellis gracilibus sub
anthesi 8-14 mm. longis ut rhachi pilosis, basi bractea decidua ut bracteis basalibus
interioribus atque bracteolis 2 anguste oblongis circiter 4 mm. longis puberulis
subtentis, apice in receptaculum parvum conspicue incrassatis ; floribus numerosis
circiter 25-30 per inflorescentiam; sepalis 5 membranaceis sub anthesi reflexis
oblongis, 5-6 mm. longis, 2-3 mm. latis, sparse reticulato-nervatis, apice rotun-
datis, extus puberulis; petalis 5 membranaceis erectis glabris anguste oblongo-
ellipticis, 7-8 mm. longis, 2-3 mm. latis, apice subacutis, basim versus angustatis,
inconspicue nervatis; staminibus 10 glabris, filamentis filiformibus 10-15 mm.
longis, apicem versus gradatim attenuatis, antheris late oblongis medio dorsifixis
circiter 1.5 mm. longis, apice mucronulatis, loculis basi divaricatis ; ovario breviter
stipitato late ellipsoideo complanato ut pedicellis piloso, stylo crasso tereti sub
anthesi 4-7 mm. longo, stigmate minuto capitato, ovulo unico; fructibus oblongo-
ellipsoideis, circiter 4.5 cm. longis et 3.5 cm. latis et 3 mm. crassis, pericarpio
rugoso, suturis leviter impressis.

Vitt Levu: Ra: Mataimeravula, vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m.,
Degener 15433 (A) (tree 6 m. high, in open forest; flowers whitish; native name: mov;
timbers used for house-posts) ; Vatundamusewa, near Rewasa, Degener 15491 (A, TYPE),
June 6, 1941 (tree, in open forest) ; Waindawa, near Rewasa, Degener 15494 (A) (tree, in
open forest; native name: movi). TAVEUNI: Western slope, between Somosomo and
Wairiki, alt. 500 m., Smith 843 (GH, NY, US) (tree 15 m. high, in woods).

Cynometra insularis is a relative of C. falcata A. Gray, from which it differs
in having its leaves with petioles 12-25 mm. long, those of C. falcata being sub-
sessile, on petioles scarcely 3 mm. long. The leaflets of the new species are
slightly thicker in texture and have the secondaries lightly impressed rather than
prominulous on the upper surface, while in general the venation is less obvious ;

1942) SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 39

the costa is essentially straight rather than falcate, and the leaflets average broader.
The inflorescence of C. imsularis is coarser, longer, and with more numerous
flowers than that of C. falcata, with more obvious pubescence throughout (the
rachis in C. falcata being only faintly puberulent). The fully developed in-
florescence-scales of C. falcata are only about 3 mm. long, and in other respects
the inflorescence and floral parts seem to be much smaller than those of the new
species, but the type of Gray’s species is not sufficiently ample to permit detailed
comparison.

The fruits are described from Simith 843, the other cited specimens being in
flower.

Cassia Tora L. Sp. Pl. 376. 1753; Christoph. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 128: 99. 1935.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Fatia, west of Tavua, alt. 60 m., Degener 14981 (A)
(low shrub to 1 m. high, in dry forested ravine). WutTHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY: Seemann
135 (GH); Harvey (GH).

This widely distributed weed has apparently not previously been listed under
the above name in literature pertaining to Fiji. The two early collections cited
above were mentioned by Seemann (FI. Vit. 67. 1865; 427. 1873) as C. obtusi-
folia L., generally considered synonymous with C. Tora.

Crotalaria mucronata Desv. in Jour. Bot. Desv. 3: 76. 1814.
Crotalaria striata DC, Prodr. 2: 131. 1825.

Crotalaria Saltiana sensu Prain ex King in Jour. As. Soc. Bengal 66(2): 41 (Mater. FI.
Malay. Penin. 3: 41). 1897; non Andr. (1811).

Vitt Levu: Lautoka: Mbekana Island, near sea-level, Degener & Ordonez 15543
(A) (naturalized low shrub). Kanpavu: Namalata Isthmus region, near sea-level, Smith
12 (NY) (subligneous herb to 2 m. high; petals yellow, purple-striped; weed in clearings;
native name: nggiringgirt).

Although said to occur commonly enough in various other South Pacific
groups, this weed has not previously been mentioned from Fiji. It has usually
been listed in Pacific records as C. Saltiana Andr., which, as pointed out by Senn
(in Rhodora 41: 356. 1939), belongs to a different section of the genus and is
apparently limited to Africa.

Indigofera tinctoria L. Sp. Pl. 751. 1753.

Vitrt Levu: Lautoka: Lautoka, Degener & Ordonez 13626 (A) (shrub to 1 m.
high; roadside weed).

This species has not previously been reported from Fiji, although it is found
in some other Pacific groups. A discussion of J. tinctoria, as compared with J.
suffruticosa Mill. (1. Anil L.), is found in Merrill, Interpret. Herb. Amb. 264.
1917. Possibly some of the references in Pacific literature to J. Anil actually
refer to J. tinctoria.

Erythrina variegata L. var. orientalis (L.) Merr. Interpret. Herb. Amb. 276. 1917;

Christoph. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 128: 103. 1935; Krukoff in Jour. Arnold Arb. 20:
228. 1939.

MAKoNnpDRONGA: Degener & Ordonez 13803 (A) (tree about 8 m. high, with roots reach-
ing into salt water along coast; seeds dark red).

The correct name for this plant has not previously been recorded in the special
literature pertaining to Fiji, it having been mentioned by Seemann (FI. Vit. 60.
1865) and others as EF. indica Lam.

Pueraria Thunbergiana (Sieb. & Zucc.) Benth. in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 9: 122. 1867;

Guillaumin in Jour. Arnold Arb. 12: 245. 1931; Christoph. in Bishop Mus. Bull.
128: 104. 1935.

40 SARGENTIA {1

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Korovou, east of Tavua, alt. 60-150 m., Degener 14942
(A) (vine, climbing over bushes and rocks in an isolated dry ravine; native name: yaka;
root elongated, edible when cooked; stem used for tying temporary bundles). KAMBARA:
Smith 1268 (GH, NY) (vine, in thickets on limestone formation; petals rich pink).

Although it has been reported from the New Hebrides and from Samoa, among
other Pacific groups, this widely distributed species is apparently new to Fiji.

OXALIDACEAE

Oxalis corymbosa DC. Prodr. 1: 696. 1824.

Oxalis Martiana Zuce. in Denkschr. Akad. Muench. 9: 144. 1824.

Vitt Levu: Lautoka: Lautoka, Greenwood 803 (GH) (in damp places about dwell-
ings; flowers reddish purple).

This escape has not previously been reported from Fiji. The collector notes
that it has appeared in the vicinity of Lautoka only during the past five years,
but that he observed it in Suva about ten years ago.

LINACEAE

Durandea Planch. in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6: 594. 1847; op. cit. 7: 527. 1848; Stapf in
Hook. Ic. Pl. 29: pl. 2822. 1906; Stapf in Kew Bull. 1908: 11-14. 1908; Winkl. in
Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. ed. 2. 19a: 108. 1931. Nomen conservandum propositum.

Durandea Planch. is herewith proposed for conservation over Durandea Delarb.
(Fl. Auv. ed. 2. 365. 1800), a name which has been used in connection with only
one binomial and which is apparently referable to Raphanus L. (Cruciferae).
Sixteen binomials have been referred to Durandea Planch., and in order to pre-
serve these the generic name should be added to the list of nomina generica
conservanda.,

Durandea vitiensis Stapf in Hook. Ic. Pl. 29: sub pl. 2822. 1906; in Kew Bull. 1908: 13.
1908.

Vitt Levu: Serua: Near Mt. Ngamo, vicinity of Ngaloa, alt. 60 m., Degener 15075
(A) (liana, in sunny forest; flowers dark yellow) ; Vatuvilakia, vicinity of Ngaloa, alt. 90 m.,
Degener 15149 (A) (liana, in forest); Rewa: Vicinity of Suva, alt. 225 m., MacDaniels
1161 (Bish) (scandent shrub, in rain-forest).

The rediscovery of this plant is of considerable interest, since it has previously
been reported only from Storck 4 (type coll., a duplicate being at GH), collected
without definite locality and lacking fruits. The apparently nearly mature fruits
of the Degener specimens are coriaceous, ellipsoid, up to 10 mm. long and 8 mm.
broad, conspicuously 15-costate when dried, with 5 one-seeded bony pyrenes.

MELIACEAE
Dysoxylum pilosum sp. nov.

? Dracontomelon pilosum Seem. Fl. Vit. 52. 1865.

Arbor ad 8 m. alta, ramis ramulisque crassis subteretibus juventute densissime
cinereo-pilosis (pilis simplicibus patentibus circiter 1 mm. longis) demum glabres-
centibus ; foliis pinnatis alternatis ad 70 cm. longis, petiolo ad 12 cm. longo basi
incrassato et rhachi leviter canaliculata ut ramulis densissime pilosis; foliolis
suboppositis vel basim foliorum versus alternatis (13—) 17-23, petiolulis sub-
teretibus pilosis 2-5 mm. longis, laminis papyraceis falcato-oblongis, (4-) 9-15
cm. longis, (2—) 2.5-4.5 cm. latis, basi inaequaliter obtusis vel subrotundatis, apice
obtuse cuspidatis, margine integris, supra praeter nervos interdum pilosos glabris,
subtus pilis 0.4-0.6 mm. longis simplicibus densissime et persistenter molliter
pilosis, costa supra subplana vel leviter canaliculata subtus valde clevata, nervis

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 41

secundariis utrinsecus 8-20 patentibus marginem versus obscure anastomosantibus
supra subplanis vel insculptis subtus valde prominulis, rete venularum immerso ;
inflorescentiis completis sub anthesi non visis sed ut videtur thyrsoideo-paniculatis,
ramulis lateralibus brevibus rugulosis molliter pilosis, bracteis bracteolisque
oblongo-deltoideis acutis 0.5-1 mm. longis; floribus numerosis sessilibus, calyce
cupuliformi, circiter 1.5 mm. longo, 2—2.5 mm. diametro, extus pilis patentibus
circiter 0.15 mm. longis dense pallide piloso, intus glabro, profunde lobato, lobis
4 late ovatis, circiter 1 mm. longis, 1.2-2 mm. latis, apice rotundatis vel obtusis ;
petalis 4 extus pallide puberulis intus glabris, 5-6 mm. longis, 1-1.2 mm. latis,
tubo circiter 1.5 mm. diametro cohaerentibus, apicem versus liberis et apice acutis
et leviter incurvatis ; filamentis connatis, tubo cylindrico petala subaequante, basim
versus corollam adnato, apice crenulato, extus dense pilosulo, intus glabro, an-
theris 8 sessilibus oblongis circiter 0.8 mm. longis intra tubum apicem versus
inclusis; disco glabro cylindrico circiter 2 mm. longo apice crenulato; gynaecio
corollam fere aequante, ovario ellipsoideo cum basi styli dense hirsuto, loculis 4,
stylo carnoso, stigmate incrassato-capitato; inflorescentiis sub fructu 8-13 cm.
longis, ramulis incrassatis longe persistenter molliter pilosis, fructibus coriaceis
subglobosis ad 15 mm. diametro (vel maturitate majoribus?) demum glabris et
conspicue rugosis, basi obtusis, apice rotundatis, pericarpio duro tenui, seminibus
3 vel 4 angulari-ellipsoideis circiter 8 mm. longis et 5-6 mm. latis.

Vitt Levu: Lautoka: Near Lautoka, Greenwood 396 (A, TypE, fl.), Aug. 28, 1922
(medium-sized tree) ; north of Lomolomo, alt. 90 m., Degener & Ordonez 13715 (A, fr.)
(coarse tree 8 m. high, on dry slope in a ravine of small jagged range of hills).

Dracontomelon pilosum Seem. is based upon a sterile specimen taken from a
young plant. I remarked (in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 87. 1936) that the two
leaves of the type (Seemann 100, from Viti Levu) probably belong to a species
of Dysoxylum. The more recent collections by Greenwood and Degener appear
to bear out this supposition and I am reasonably sure that the plant here described
as new is conspecific with Dracontomelon pilosum. This conclusion is based upon
Seemann’s description and my own recollection of the specimen at Kew. Never-
theless, since the Kew specimen cannot again be consulted at present, I am not
prepared to say definitely that it is identical with my new species. I have de-
liberately used for this the same specific epithet which Seemann selected for his
plant, so that, if future observation should verify my supposition, the transfer
of the epithet from Dracontomelon to Dysoxylum will not be permissible and
the Greenwood specimen will remain the type of the specific concept. Seemann
describes his leaflets as being 5 pairs and about 6 cm. broad, but since his leaves
were juvenile these observations may be of little value.

A member of the Section Eudisoxylum, D. pilosum resembles D. Richii (A.
Gray) C. DC. in its inflorescence characters, differing only in the stouter flowers
and the slightly denser pubescence of the petals. The new species is readily dis-
tinguished from D. Richi by the dense and persistent pubescence of the lower
surfaces of its leaflets. In D. pilosum the pubescence of the inflorescence-
branches persists in mature fruiting specimens, while in D. Richii the fruiting
inflorescence is essentially glabrous. Both flowering and fruiting inflorescences
of D. pilosum now available are considerably shorter than those of D. Richi, but
this character may be of little consequence.

Dysoxylum myriandrum sp. nov.

Arbor 6 m. alta, ramulis crassis subteretibus rugosis juventute pilis simplicibus
patentibus fuscis circiter 0.3 mm. longis densissime tomentosis demum glabratis ;
foliis pinnatis alternatis ad 40 cm. (vel ultra?) longis, petiolo ad 15 cm. longo
supra complanato basi incrassato et rhachi ut ramulis primo densissime tomento-

42 SARGENTIA {1

sis ; foliolis suboppositis 9-13, petiolulis gracilibus basi incrassatis 5-15 mm. longis
ut ramulis tomentellis, laminis chartaceis vel subcoriaceis obovato-oblongis, 5.5—11
cm. longis, 3-5.5 cm. latis, basi inaequaliter obtusis, apice obtuse cuspidatis, mar-
gine integris et leviter recurvatis, supra glabris, subtus praeter costam et nervos
secundarios primo dense et breviter strigosos glabris, costa supra subplana promi-
nula subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 7-12 patentibus marginem
versus obscure anastomosantibus supra leviter impressis subtus elevatis, rete
venularum subimmerso; inflorescentiis completis non visis sed ut videtur panicu-
latis, rhachi ramulisque densissime et breviter pallido-pilosis, bracteis bracteo-
lisque subcoriaceis late ovatis obtusis ad 1 mm. longis et 3 mm. latis extus sericeis
intus glabris; pedicellis crassis (2.5-3 mm. diametro) 2-3 mm. longis cum calyce
pilis circiter 0.2 mm. longis dense pallide sericeis; sepalis 5 ad basim liberis im-
bricatis subcarnosis late ovatis, 2—-2.5 mm. longis, 3-4 mm. latis, intus glabris, apice
rotundatis, obscure glandulosis; petalis 5 liberis carnosis imbricatis elliptico-
oblongis, 9-11 mm. longis, 5-7 mm. latis, apice obtusis, extus ut sepalis dense
sericeis, intus glabris; filamentis connatis, tubo libero carnoso cylindrico, 6-8 mm.
longo, circiter 6 mm. diametro, apice crenulato, extus parce sericeo, intus glabro,
antheris circiter 15 sessilibus oblongis circiter 2.5 mm. longis, basi et apice obtusis
vel leviter emarginatis, intra tubum apicem versus inclusis ; disco subcarnoso cylin-
drico circiter 2.5 mm. longo et 3 mm. diametro apice crenulato; gynaecio tubum
subaequante, ovario conico pilis circiter 0.5 mm. longis dense stramineo-sericeo,
loculis 5, stylo crasso carnoso, stigmate capitato circiter 2 mm. diametro.

Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove-Mathuata boundary: Crest of Korotoni
Range, between Navitho Pass and Mt. Ndelaikoro, alt. 650-900 m., Smith 569 (GH, NY,
tyPE), Nov. 21, 1933 (tree 6 m. high, in dense forest; petals and staminal tube pale green,
brown-tinged; native name: warokamithi).

The cited specimen was originally distributed as D. lenticellare Gillespie, a spe-
cies from which it is immediately distinguished by the pubescence of its leaf-
rachis and the nerves of the lower surfaces of leaflets, as well as by its entirely
different flowers. Dysoxylum myriandrum has no close relatives among species
of the region, being characterized by the above-mentioned pubescence, the stout
and densely sericeous flowers, and the unusually large number of stamens. To
the best of my knowledge more than 10 stamens have not previously been re-
ported in Dysoxylum, but on the basis of all its other characters the present spe-
cies certainly belongs in that genus. In C. De Candolle’s treatment of the genus
(in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 480-528. 1878), D. myriandrum keys to those few
species of the Section Didymocheton with the staminal tube free, but among them
it seems to have no close relatives.

Aglaia vitiensis A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 80. fig. 41. 1936.
Dysoxylum obliquum Gillespie in Bishop Mus. Bull. 83: 13. fig. 15 (excl. a-e). 1931; not
Aglaia obliqua White & Francis (1927).

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 750-900 m., Gillespie 3757
(GH), 4316 (GH, type coll. of Dysoxylum obliquum), Degener 14334 (A), 14666 (A);
Namosi: Mt. Naitarandamu, alt. 1000 m., Gillespie 3105 (GH).

Gillespie’s species Dysoxylum obliquum was based upon a confused concept.
Gillespie 4316, indicated as the type, is a specimen with comparatively small leaf-
lets and narrow curved fruits. I have not seen all the other specimens cited by
Gillespie, but his cited no. 3757 is clearly A. vitiensis, as is his no. 3105, which he
does not cite. As to the type itself, I believe that this may be safely considered
conspecific with the type of A. vitiensis, in spite of its rather smaller leaflets and
differently shaped fruit. Gillespie remarks that the specimen selected as the type
of Dysoxylum obliquum has smaller leaves than the other cited specimens. The

1942) SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 43

specific epithet cannot be used in Aglaia because of the earlier A. obliqua White
& Francis.

Among the other specimens cited by Gillespie as Dysorylum obliquum, his no.
4161 does not belong here (i.e. to Aglaia vitiensis) and I have referred it to the
following new species. The situation is further complicated by the fact that the
flowers which Gillespie described and figured as representing Dysoxylum ob-
liquum were taken from Horne 316. This specimen was elsewhere and correctly
referred to Dysoxylum lenticellare Gillespie. Thus three species in two genera
were used in drawing up the original description of Dysoxylum obliquum, but the
name itself need be considered only in connection with the type.

Aglaia vitiensis has previously been known from Koro, Vanua Levu, and
Taveuni. Its occurrence at middle and high elevations on all the larger volcanic
islands of Fiji is to be anticipated.

Aglaia axillaris sp. nov.

Arbor gracilis ad 5 m. alta, partibus juvenilibus dense ferrugineo-lepidotis
(squamulis in ramulis, rhachibus, petiolulis, et costis saepe persistentibus), ramu-
lis subteretibus demum cinereis; foliis pinnatis ad 55 cm. longis, petiolis 4-10 cm.
longis basi incrassatis cum rhachi leviter canaliculatis ; foliolis suboppositis 9-13,
inferioribus minimis, petiolulis 4-13 (—22) mm. longis, laminis chartaceis sicci-
tate fusco-olivaceis oblongis vel elliptico- vel ovato-oblongis, (7—) 10-18 (-25)
cm. longis, 3.5-8 cm. latis, basi obtusis et interdum inaequalibus, apice obtusis vel
rotundato-cuspidatis, utrinque praeter costam interdum lepidotam glabris, costa
supra subplana subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 9-15 (—18)
patentibus subrectis supra subplanis subtus valde prominulis, rete venularum im-
merso; inflorescentiis axillaribus sub anthesi 1-3 cm. longis anguste paniculatis
paucifloris ubique densissime ferrugineo-lepidotis, pedunculo et rhachi crassis,
bracteis oblongis obtusis 2-4 mm. longis, bracteolis similibus sed minoribus, pedi-
cellis subnullis ; calyce sub anthesi circiter 3 mm. longo et summo diametro, tubo
cupuliformi, lobis oblongo-deltoideis obtusis circiter 1.2 mm. longis et latis ; petalis
subcarnosis concavis elliptico-obovatis, 2.5-3.5 mm. longis, 1.5—-2 mm. latis, apice
rotundatis, apicem versus obscure pellucido-punctatis, extus ut calyce lepidotis ;
staminibus glabris, tubo textura petalis simili subgloboso-cylindrico circiter 2 mm.
longo, apice obscure crenulato, antheris intra apicem tubi sessilibus oblongis 0.8-1
mm. longis; ovario breviter cylindrico lepidoto, stigmate carnoso capitato circiter
1 mm. diametro; fructibus dense et arcte ferrugineo-lepidotis, primo anguste
oblongo-ellipsoideis et subfalcatis mox globoso-ellipticis, maturitate ut videtur ad
3 cm. longis et 2 cm. diametro, pericarpio tenui, seminibus 1—3 oblongo-ellipsoideis
nigrescentibus rugulosis.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Mt. Matomba, Nandala, vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt.
750 m., Degener 14505 (A, TYPE), Feb. 18, 1941 (slender tree 5 m. high, in dense forest; fruit
orange-brown; native name: sasawira); Nauwanga, vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 750 m.,
Degener 14689 (A) (small tree, in forest; native name: mala); vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt.
900 m., Gillespie 4161 (GH).

Aglaia axillaris bears a superficial resemblance to A. vitiensis A. C. Sm., the
two species being distinguished by the following characters:

Leaflets 9-13 (averaging 11) ; inflorescence short, not exceeding 3 cm. (averaging 1-1.5 cm.)
in length at anthesis, very compact in fruit and often borne on defoliate branchlets ;
calyx-lobes oblong-deltoid, about 1.2 mm. long; filament-tube about 2 mm. long, the
anthers included within it 2. <.: css cmpmmrteetiriat: £60 .504cvc sac shees ois ed A. axillarts.

Leaflets 5-9 (averaging 7); inflorescence loosely paniculate, up to 10 cm. long at anthesis,
often shorter in fruit due to disarticulation, apparently associated with the leaves; calyx-
lobes broadly ovate, about 0.7 mm. long; filament-tube about 1 mm. long, obviously ex-
ceeded by the anthers... 0.4. 3:50. vere cad aE os seas ces aean ea alters A, vitiensis.

44 SARGENTIA {1

In addition, certain intangible characters can be used to separate the two spe-
cies; A. avillaris has a tendency toward shorter petiolules and its distal leaflets
tend to be narrower and more obviously oblong. The difference in staminal ar-
rangement is such that the two species fall into different series, as these are gener-
ally recognized, A. axillaris into Euaglaia and A. vitiensis into Hearma. Their
similarity in other aspects indicates that they are more closely allied than this
would indicate.

Aglaia Archboldiana sp. nov.

Arbor, ramulis crassis teretibus densissime ferrugineo-stellato-tomentosis (pilis
multiramulosis, ramulis e pelta parva orientibus, nonnullis 0.7-1.3 mm. longis,
reliquis brevissimis, omnibus demum saepe descitis, pelta persistente et ut videtur
multiciliata) ; foliis pinnatis ad 60 cm. longis, petiolis 12-18 cm. longis basi in-
crassatis cum rhachi subteretibus ut ramulis dense stellato-tomentosis; foliolis
oppositis vel subalternatis plerumque 7 raro 5, petiolulis tomentosis leviter cana-
liculatis crassis, lateralibus 7-15 mm. longis, laminis chartaceis elliptico- vel
obovato-oblongis, (10—) 15-25 (-—35) cm. longis, 5-10 (—14) cm. latis, basi ob-
tusis et interdum inaequalibus, apice cuspidatis vel breviter acuminatis, margine
integris vel undulatis et leviter recurvatis, supra glabris vel in sulcula costae ob-
scure tomentellis, subtus pilis ut eis ramulorum densissime tomentosis, costa
supra leviter canaliculata subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus (12—)
15-25 rectis patentibus marginem versus abrupte curvatis supra subplanis vel
leviter insculptis subtus valde elevatis, rete venularum immerso vel subtus promi-
nulo ; inflorescentiis apicem ramulorum versus axillaribus anguste paniculatis sub
anthesi ad 4 cm. (vel ultra?) longis paucifloris ubique dense stellato-tomentellis
(pilis ut eis ramulorum ad 1 mm. longis plerumque brevioribus), pedunculo brevi
et rhachi crassis, bracteis lineari-oblongis ad 4 mm. longis; floribus sessilibus vel
breviter pedicellatis, pedicellis crassis sub anthesi articulatis, bracteolis sub anthesi
3 vel 4 lineari-lanceolatis 2-4 mm. longis; calyce cupuliformi sub anthesi circiter
3.5 mm. longo et summo diametro, lobis ovato-deltoideis subacutis circiter 1.2
mm. longis et 2 mm. latis intus glabris; petalis subcarnosis concavis utrinque
glabris elliptico-oblongis, circiter 2 mm. longis, 1.2-2 mm. latis, forsan maturitate
majoribus, margine anguste scariosis; staminibus glabris 1.5-2 mm. longis, fila-
mentis in tubo crasse carnoso 1-1.5 mm. longo connatis, antheris inflexis in mar-
gine tubi sessilibus deltoideo-oblongis circiter 0.8 mm. longis; ovario breviter
cylindrico dense stellato-tomentello, basi stylorum conico glabro, stylis 2 apice
distinctis ; inflorescentiis sub fructu ad 10 cm. longis, tomento longe persistente,
ramulis pedicellisque valde incrassatis, sepalis persistentibus; fructibus dense et
arcte ferrugineo- vel cinnamomeo-stellato-tomentellis, maturitate elliptico-sub-
globosis 2-3 cm. diametro, pericarpio tenui, seminibus 2—4 complanato-ellipsoideis
siccitate valde rugulosis.

Vitt Levu: Serua: Vicinity of Ngaloa, Degener & Ordonez 13705 (A, TYPE), Nov.
29, 1940 (tree, in forest); Tholo North: Mt. Matomba, Nandala, vicinity of Nandari-
vatu, alt. 750 m., Degener 14506 (A) (tree, in dense forest; fruit light brown; native name:
Sasawira).

Aglaia Archboldiana is readily distinguished from other Fijian species by the
long stellate tomentum of its leaves, inflorescence-branches, and calyces. In the
type collection, bearing quite mature fruits, this tomentum persists. The second
specimen cited is still more mature, and here the tomentum is reduced to scattered
(but still profuse) stellate hairs with frequently broken branches. Other Fijian
species which have this type of tomentum to a limited extent are A. basiphylla
A. Gray, A. Greenwoodii A. C. Sm., and the following new species, but these all
have small leaflets and small fruits and are only very distantly related to A.

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 45

Archboldiana. A species of the Section Hearnia, A. Archboldiana resembles
A. vitiensis A. C, Sm. in its staminal characters, but otherwise the two species
are not closely related.

Aglaia fragilis sp. nov.

Arbor gracilis 3m. alta, ramulis teretibus juventute pilis circiter 0.5 mm. longis
densissime ferrugineo-stellato-tomentellis demum cinereis glabrescentibus; foliis
pinnatis raro unifoliolatis ad 15 cm. longis, petiolis 1-3 cm. longis cum rhachi
gracilibus subteretibus ut ramulis tomentellis ; foliolis suboppositis 3 vel 5 (raro
ad 1 reductis), petiolulis tomentellis subteretibus lateralibus 2-3 mm. longis ter-
minalibus longioribus, laminis chartaceis vel papyraceis anguste elliptico-oblongis,
3-8 (terminalibus ad 11) cm. longis, 1.5-3.3 cm. latis, basi obtusis vel rotundatis,
apice obtusis, margine integris et leviter recurvatis, supra glabris, subtus pilis ut
eis ramulorum persistenter pilosis, costa supra leviter canaliculata subtus promi-
nente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 5-8 in foliolis lateralibus (12-16 in foliolis
terminalibus) rectis marginem versus obscure anastomosantibus supra subplanis
subtus prominulis, rete venularum obscuro ; inflorescentiis axillaribus laxis panicu-
latis sub anthesi ad 7 cm. longis ubique dense stellato-tomentellis (pilis ad 0.5 mm.
longis plerumque minoribus), pedunculo brevi et ramulis gracilibus, bracteis ob-
longis circiter 1 mm. longis, bracteolis minoribus, pedicellis gracilibus 2-5 mm.
longis ; calyce fere ad basim lobatis, lobis submembranaceis anguste oblongis ob-
tusis, circiter 1.5 mm. longis et 0.6 mm. latis, intus glabris; corolla subglobosa,
petalis subcarnosis concavis oblongo-ellipticis, 2-2.5 mm. longis, 1-1.5 mm. latis,
apice rotundatis, extus dense stellato-pilosis vel sublepidotis, intus glabris ; stami-
nibus circiter 1.5 mm. longis glabris, filamentis in tubo crasse carnoso 1—1.2 mm.
longo connatis, antheris inflexis in margine tubi sessilibus: deltoideo-oblongis cir-
citer 0.7 mm. longis ; ovario ellipsoideo-ovoideo sub anthesi circiter 0.7 mm. longo
dense stellato-puberulo, columna stylorum glabra ovarium subaequali apicem
versus incrassata, stigmatibus obscuris.

Vitr Levu: Tholo North: Nauwanga, vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt, about 750 m.,
Degener 14680 (A, tyre), Mar. 6, 1941 (leafy tree about 3 m. high, in forest).

Aglaia fragilis is very distinct among Fijian species, characterized by the con-
spicuous and apparently persistent pubescence of its inflorescences, lower sur-
faces of leaflets, etc., by its lax and ample inflorescences, and by the fact that its
few lateral leaflets are conspicuously smaller than the terminal one. A member
of the Section Hearnia, it suggests by its pubescence A. Greenwoodii A. C. Sm.,
but that species has soon glabrescent leaflet-blades, usually 7-9 subequal leaflets,
and a very compact inflorescence with much shorter pedicels.

POLYGALACEAE

Polygala paniculata L. Amoen. Acad. 5: 402. 1759; Setchell in Carnegie Inst. Publ. 341:
79. 1924; Christoph. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 128: 117. 1935.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nandarivatu, alt. about 800 m., Degener & Ordonez
13540 (GH) (garden weed), Reay 24 (GH); Sovutawambu, near Nandarivatu, alt. 750 m.,
Degener 14591 (GH) (very common among grasses and weeds); Nand ronga: Singa-
toka River, Greenwood 461B (GH) (common on dry hillsides); Rewa: Suva, Degener &
Ordonez 13511 (GH) (in clay near shore, along roadside); Naitasiri: Nasinu, alt. 150
m., Gillespie 3420 (NY) (common weed). Kanpavu: Hills above Namalata and Negaloa
Bays, alt. 200-400 m., Smith 103 (NY) (common on edge of forest).

The lack of older collections indicates that this common weed is probably of
recent introduction in Fiji. Although the species is known from other Pacific
groups, I believe this to be the first record of the family from Fiji.

46 SARGENTIA (1

EUPHORBIACEAE
By L. Croizat

Phyllanthus urinaria L. Sp. Pl. 982. 1753; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15(2): 364. 1866;
Benth. Fl. Austr. 6: 102. 1873; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 293. 1887; Merr. in Philip.
Jour. Sci. Bot. 9: 105. 1914; Kaneh. in Jour. Dept. Agr. Kyushu Univ. 4: 354, 1935.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nandarivatu, Greenwood 789A (A).

The species, which is here first recorded from Fiji, is probably more common
in the Pacific than literature indicates. It is easily separated from all other her-
baceous species of Phyllanthus (e.g. P. Niruri L.) by its muricate or papillose
capsules, sessile flowers, angled stems, and sharp primaries. The leaf often has
a peculiar metallic texture.

Glochidion amentuligerum (Muell. Arg.) Croizat, comb. nov.
Phyllanthus amentuliger Muell. Arg. in Linnaea 48: 390, 1865; in DC. Prodr, 15(2): 313.
1866; Seem. Fl. Vit. 219. 1867.

Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Eastern drainage of Yanawai River, Degener &
Ordonez 14115 (A); Natewa Bay region, Smith 1926 (GH).

Glochidion amentuligerum is close to G. anfractuosum Gibbs, but has the lower
leaf-surface manifestly glaucescent or grayish and the veins fairly thickly puberu-
lent under a lens; G. anfractuosum is not glaucescent and is very sparingly hairy
at the midrib with very short substrigose trichomes.

Glochidion Gillespiei Croizat, sp. nov.

Glochidion Manono sensu Gillespie in Bishop Mus. Bull. 91: 16. f. 17. 1932; non Baill.

Arbuscula glabra; foliis 7-11 cm. longis, 3-5.5 cm. latis, cuspidato-lanceolatis
vel ovato-cuspidatis subtus glaucescentibus, nervis totis conspicuis ; inflorescentiis
axillaribus cymulosis; perianthio ¢ ca. 2 mm. longo, 2-4 mm. fauce lato, lobis 6
late imbricatis ; perianthio 2 3 mm. longo, lobis 6 erectis valde costatis, interdum
anisomeris ca. 3 mm. longis, pedicello 2-3 mm. longo, stylo valido clavato ad 5
mm. longo apice subtrifido, stigmatibus haud patentibus; ovario ut videtur 3-
loculari.

Vitt Levu: Namosi: Naitarandamu Mt., summit, alt. 1200 m., Gillespie 3161 (GH,
TYPE), Sept. 1927.

Gillespie’s illustration of this new species, under the name of G. Manono, is
excellent. Glochidion Manono Baill. (as represented by Lépine 210 and U. S.
Expl. Exped.) is an altogether different plant, despite the similarity of the de-
scriptions. I have seen no authentic Fijian records of G. Manono and believe
that the record based upon the cited Exploring Expedition collection is an error,
because Baillon’s species, either in its typical form or its varieties, is apparently
not found west of Samoa. Gillespie (1. c. 16) suggests that the extraordinary
development of the stylar column of his plant is probably due to the parasitism
of a fungus. This is not likely to prove correct, as many species of Glochidion
(e.g. G. Daltonii Kurz) have a style fully as well developed as that of G. Gillespiei.

Glochidion calciphilum Croizat, sp. nov.

Arbuscula vel frutex contortus 1-metralis, innovationibus fere glabris, i.e. pilis
perpaucis hic inde ad apicem obsitis, cortice griseo vel olivaceo-brunneo levi; foltis
totis pallescentibus firme chartaceis subconcoloribus dimorphicis, aliis eximie ro-
tundatis vel obovato-rotundatis apice subtruncato-rotundatis ad 2 cm. longis
latisque, aliis ellipticis vel lanceolato-ellipticis, interdum falcatis basi anisomeris,
4-7 cm. longis, 2-4 cm. latis, venis primariis utrinque ca. 4—5-jugis, petiolo rugu-
loso ca. 0.5 cm. longo; stipulis triangularibus parvis margine sub lente acri in-
terdum ciliatulis; inflorescentiis axillaribus ut videtur paucifloris; flore ¢': peri-

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 47

anthio ca. 2 mm. longo et lato extus puberulo, pedicello gracili ca. 4 mm. longo,
lobis 6 oblanceolatis valde costatis ca. 1.5 mm. longis, 0.75 mm. latis, columna
staminali 3-antherifera ad 1 mm. longa; flore 2: perianthio puberulo arcte cyathi-
formi ad 2 mm. longo, lobis 5 vel 6 interdum leviter anisomeris ciliatulis obovato-
ellipticis, 0.75—-1.25 mm. longis, 0.75-0.5 mm. latis; ovario glaberrimo depresso-
globuloso ca. 1 mm. magno, columna stylari pro ovarii magnitudine valida ad 1
mm. longa ellipsoidea, stigmatibus 5 apice liberis leviter divaricatis glaberrimis :
fructu ca. 2 cm. lato et 1 cm. longo ut videtur 7- vel 8-loculari glabro.

KAMBARA: Smith 1279 (GH) (compact shrub 1 m. high, on bare limestone: native
name: molau). FULANGA: Smith 1217 (GH, type), Feb. 26, 1934 (gnarled tree 1 m. high,
on lagoon cliff in limestone formation).

The structure of the stylar column readily separates this species from G. con-
color Muell. Arg. The long and slender pedicel of the pistillate flower is unlike
that of G. amentuligerum (Muell. Arg.) Croizat and G. anfractuosum Gibbs.
The material at hand is not sufficient to establish the affinities of the new species,
but it is not related to G. Manono.

Glochidion concolor Muell. Arg. in Linnaea 32: 62. 1863; Seem. FI. Vit. 219. 1867.
Phyllanthus concolor Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15(2): 290. 1866.

This binomial has been disregarded since 1867 and its reinstatement demands
a brief comment. Harvey s. n. (in 1855), an isotype of G. concolor, is very close
to Gillespie 4412 and Degener 14298, 14587, and 15164, all from Fiji, and it can-
not definitely be separated from a specimen of Parks 16030 from Eua, Tonga.
Some of these specimens have been identified in herbaria as G. ramiflorum Forst.
f., and the evidence from the literature indicates that they indeed answer the con-
cept of that species held by writers on the Pacific flora.

Whether these specimens are ultimately to be treated under G. concolor or G.
ramiflorum cannot be decided at present, because the type material of Forster’s
species is probably a mixture of two or more species. The later record of the
species does not include a description, merely referring to the diagnosis and fig-
ures of the generic description, which is unsatisfactory for specific identification.
The type localities are two under the technical publication of the binomial, the
Society Islands and the New Hebrides, but only one, Tanna, is later indicated
(Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. Prodr. 92. 1786). Thus, Tanna should be accepted as
the locus classicus.

It is probable that G. tannaense Guillaumin (in Jour. Arnold Arb. 13: 90.
1932) is actually the same as the Tanna specimen of G. ramiflorum; Guillaumin
(1. c.) remarks, “Could this be the Glochidion sp. found on Tanna by Forster ?”
The type collection of G. tannaense differs but slightly, if at all, from certain
pubescent forms of the Fijian plant. Mueller Argoviensis typifies G. ramiflorwim
(as Phyllanthus ramiflorus var. genuinus, in DC. Prodr. 15(2) : 289. 1866) with
reference to the Forster specimen from the Societies and not the one from the
New Hebrides. To judge by a specimen verified by Mueller himself, it is not
improbable that he understood as P. ramiflorus var. genuinus the entity from
Raiatea published as G. emarginatum by Moore (in Bishop Mus. Bull. 102: 30.
1933).

In view of the constant confusion of various plants under the name G. ramii-
florum, the following outline of distribution is suggested pending a critical study
of the entire genus in the Pacific:

(1). Glochidion ramiflorum is typified by a plant from Tanna, which is prob-
ably conspecific with that described by Guillaumin as G. tannaense. This species

48 SARGENTIA {1

is very close to that of Fiji and may be conspecific with G. concolor Muell. Arg.
The complex of G. ramiflorum may extend as far east as Tonga.

(2). Mueller Argoviensis errs in typifying G. ramiflorum with reference to a
plant from the Societies. This plant is apparently close to G. Manono and may
prove to be the same as G. emarginatum.

(3). Inthe present state of our knowledge, the range of G. ramiflorum cannot
be extended east of Samoa, and it is doubtful whether Forster’s species occurs
eastward beyond Tonga.

Glochidion marquesanum (fF. Brown) Croizat, comb. nov.
Glochidion ramiflorum var. marquesanum F, Brown in Bishop Mus. Bull. 130: 144. f.
22, a-e, 1935.

This new combination should not be delayed, in view of the above discussion.
Brown’s entity has certainly little to do with the Tanna material of Forster, and
hardly anything in common with the material from the Societies mistakenly used
by Mueller to typify Forster’s concept.

Breynia disticha Forst f. var. typica Muell. Arg. f. nivosa (W. G. Smith) Croizat,
comb. nov.

Phyllanthus nivosus W. G. Smith in Flor. Mag. n. s. 13: pl. 120. 1874; Sherff in Field
Mus. Publ. Bot. 17: 568. 1939.

Phyllanthus rosco-pictus Hort. ex Reg. in Gartenfl. 28: 19. 1879.

Breynia nivosa Small in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 516. 1910; Setch. in Univ. Cal. Publ.
Bot. 12: 187. 1926; Wilder in Bishop Mus. Bull. 86: 66. 1931; Christoph. in Bishop
Mus. Bull. 128: 120. 1935; F. Brown in Bishop Mus. Bull. 130: 137. 1935.

Breynia nivosa var. roseo-picta F. Brown in Bishop Mus. Bull. 130: 137. 1935.

Breynia J. R. & G. Forst. is illegitimate on two counts. It is a later homonym
of Breynia L. (Sp. Pl. 503. 1753) and a nomen confusum, a mixture of Breynia
sp. and Phyllanthus distichus L., which was rejected by both A. de Jussieu (Tent.
Euph. 22. 1824) and Baillon (Et. Gén. Euph. 633. 1858). Consequently Brey-
nia J. R. & G. Forst. is here retained as a nomen genericum conservandum propo-
situm. If its conservation is not upheld, the valid name will be Melanthes BI.
(corrected from Melanthesa Bl. in Bl. & Fisch. Fl. Jav. 1: vii, in not. 1828). It
should be noted that Melanthes already has legitimate status in nomenclature as
Breynia Sect. Melanthes [Melanthesa] Baill. (in Adansonia 6: 344, 1866).

The reduction of Breynia under Phyllanthus as proposed by Sherff hardly de-
serves mention, as the two genera are distinct and have so been treated for over
a century.

Abundant material of B. disticha var. neocaledonica Muell. Arg. is available for
comparison (Vieillard 1195, Franc 1645, 1645a, and 2117). The foliage of this
plant is usually smaller than that of the Snowbush Breynia, but all other char-
acters are practically the same in the two entities. Thus it appears most probable
that this well known ornamental belongs to var. genuina, of which it is a form
verging on the /usus, the variegations of the leaves changing endlessly even on the
same plant. The possibility that the Tongatabu specimen of B. oblongifolia
cited by Mueller Argoviensis (in DC. Prodr. 15(2) : 440. 1866) might belong to
B. disticha is not to be excluded, since a specimen of the Snowbush Breynia,
Wood 1159 (A), exhibits some long and narrow leaves which appear to match
the foliage of B. longifolia.

The plant upon which W. G. Smith described and figured P. nivosus is stated
in the publication to have come from the New Hebrides and to have been culti-

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 49

vated by W. Bull of Chelsea, England. The parenthetic authorship “Bull.” or
“Bulliard,” given by various authors, is an error.

The new combination is exemplified by the following material: Degener &
Ordonez 13667 (A) and Greenwood 727B (A) from Viti Levu, Fiji, Jack 4425
(A) from Cuba, and Croizat (A).

Drypetes vitiensis Croizat, sp. nov.

Arbor 6-metralis, innovationibus adultioribus atro-brunneis conferte albido-
lenticellatis, apice parcius hispidulis glabratisve subtus glaberrimis; foliis more
generis in sicco olivaceo-discoloribus, firme chartaceis, glaberrimis, integerrimis,
oblongo-ellipticis vel ovato-ellipticis, apice latissime acuminatis vel subrotundatis,
basi rotundatis leviter anisomeris, 3-7 cm. longis, 2-5 cm. latis, venis gracilibus
et subtus perspicuis late patentibus vel adscendentibus saepius furcatim anastomo-
santibus, ca. 5—7-jugis, venulis irregulariter reticulatis valde delicatis subob-
scurisve, petiolo ruguloso 10-15 mm. longo; stipulis obsoletis ; fructu tantum viso:
pedicello 5-7 mm. longo lenticellato saepius rigidulo porrecto, perianthio sub
fructu elobato vix 2 mm. lato, fructu immaturo habitu subbaccato olivaceo, pilis
albidis paucis ad basim induto, caeterum glabro, ad 15 mm. longo et 7 mm. crasso,
stylis nigro-brunneis 2~3 depressis, more generis vix 1.5 mm. longis latisque.

Vitt Levu: Ra: Vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m., Degener 15430 (A,
TYPE), June 3, 1941 (in dry forest; fruit red; native name: meme).

I know of no other species with which this may be compared. The genus
Drypetes is emphatically suggested by the characters of the fruit and the placenta-
tion. Prof. I. W. Bailey, who has kindly studied the wood of this plant, reports
that its structure in all probability indicates that a species of Drypetes is repre-
sented. The genus is new to Fiji. A peculiarity worthy of note is the presence
of a pair of glands near the hilum on the aril of the immature seed.

Claoxylon parvicoccum Croizat, sp. nov.

Arbuscula patens 4-10 m. alta; innovationibus parcius puberulis ; foliis in sicco
subconcoloribus olivaceis, junioribus interdum hic inde vinosis, ovato- vel obovato-
ellipticis glabris vel glabratis, apice breviter acuminatis, basi longe cuneatis vel
cuneato-rotundatis, margine sub lente crenato-denticulatis vel glanduloso-dentatis,
7-17 cm. longis, 3-9 cm. latis, venis adscendentibus ca. 5-jugis anastomosantibus
valde obscuris; petiolo herbaceo puberulo 2-6 cm. longo, saepius vinoso, apice
glandulis 2 sat inconspicuis ornato; stipulis glandulosis parvis; inflorescentiis spi-
catis vel subracemosis, gracilibus ad 8 cm. longis; perianthio ¢ ca. 4 mm. magno,
pedicello 1 mm. longo, lobis 3 ca. 2 mm. longis et 1 mm. latis, staminibus ca.
25-35 ; perianthio 9 ca. 1 mm. longo et 2 mm. lato, pedicello articulato vix 0.8 mm.
longo, petalis 3 ovato-rotundatis ca. 0.3 mm. magnis, sepalis totidem ac petalis ca.
1 mm. longis et 1.5 mm. latis rotundatis; ovario perianthium longe excedente,
parte ejus libera 1-1.5 mm. longa, ca. 2 mm. lata, stylis 3 minimis vix 0.25 mm.
longis. ;

Koro: Eastern slope of main ridge, alt. 200-300 m., Smith 1005 (GH) (tree 10 m. high,
in forest). Vanua Levu: Mbua: Southern portion of Seatovo Range, alt. 100-350 m.,
Smith 1520 (GH) (spreading tree 4 m. high, at edge of forest; native name: vakatharen-
dav); Thakaundrove: Maravu, vicinity of Salt Lake, Degener & Ordonez 14172
(A). Taveunr: Vicinity of Wairiki, alt. 206 m., Gillespie 4641 (GH, type), Feb. 1928.

TONGA: Eva: Old Parker plantation, Parks 16262 (A).

Gillespie has pertinently pointed out (in Bishop Mus. Bull. 91: 14. 1932) that
the characters of the staminate flower used by Mueller and by Pax and Hoffmann
to key out the sections and species of Claoxylon are not reliable. Not all the
genera of the Euphorbiaceae can be identified on the basis of pistillate flowers
(e.g. Phyllanthus, which usually proves unworkable when staminate flowers are

50 SARGENTIA {1

lacking), but Claoxylon, like Croton, is clearly to be worked out first and fore-
most on the pistillate structures. Speciation by alterations taking place in the
pistillate flower seems to be as widespread and as definite in Claoxylon as it is in
‘Croton.

Claoxylon vitiense Gillespie is an excellent species, with essentially oblong
leaves that are much longer than broad and with the young parts thickly velu-
tinous, the indument being generally brownish. The leaves tend to be softly
pubescent beneath and the styles are well-developed in relation to the size of the
ovary, papillose, and spreading-recurved. Gillespie’s illustration (in Bishop Mus.
Bull. 91: f. 14. 1932) of the habit fails to convey the impression which is gathered
from such specimens as Gillespie 2600 (GH), 2999 (GH), and 3280 (GH),
Degener & Ordonez 13770 (A), and Degener 15203 (A), all from Viti Levu.
Claoxylon fallax Muell. Arg. is also a good species, as represented by Scemann
394 (GH) and Tabualewa 15598 (A), with a rather thinly velutinous new growth
and leaves tending to be ovate to obovate, on the whole perhaps a trifle larger than
those shown by Gillespie in his illustration of C. vitiense, but otherwise very much
like them. It appears to be very difficult, if indeed possible, on the basis of
foliage to distinguish between certain states of the species and of C. fallax, Gil-
lespie is probably correct in treating as C. fallax such specimens as Gillespie 3477
and 3565; Gillespie 2213, in fruit, seems also to belong here.

Claoxylon parvicoccum differs from C. fallax, with which it can easily be con-
fused at a first glance, in the following features: (1) the ovary is about 3 mm.
broad and the style not less than 2 mm. long in C. fallax (interpreted from Tabu-
alewa 15598), while the ovary in C. parvicoccum is only 2 mm. broad and the
styles barely 0.25 mm. long; (2) the ovary is heavily hispidulous and light yellow
in C. fallax, sparingly setulose and wine-colored or pink in C. parvicoccum; (3)
the perianth-lobes (sepals) are broadly ovate to triangular and more or less
acuminate in C. fallax, nearly transversely oblong and much rounded in C. parvi-
coccum,; and (4) the petals are much smaller by comparison with the sepals in
C. fallax than they are in C. parvicoccum, These characters, taken jointly, mani-
festly separate the pistillate flowers of the two species. The Tonga record cited
above is established on poor material and requires further confirmation.

Claoxylon Archboldianum Croizat, sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbuscula ; innovationibus valde herbaceis, apice summo glabrescenti-
bus vix setulosis; foliis in sicco olivaceis vel vinoso-olivaceis, 5-10 cm. longis,
2-4.5 cm. latis, lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis vel oblanceolatis, apice acuminatis,
basi cuneatis, margine plus minusve repandulo-dentatis, supra glabris subtus gla-
bratis glabrisve, venis adscendentibus ca. 5-jugis ; petiolo 14 cm. longo, ad laminae
radicem ipsam glandulis 4 antice instructo; stipulis glandulosis subnullis ; inflores-
centiis gracilibus spicatis ad 4 cm. longis; floribus ¢f ignotis ; floribus 2: perianthio
2.5 mm. lato, 1 mm. longo, pedicello articulato cum pedunculo ca. 2.5 mm. longo,
lobis 3 late triangularibus ad 2 mm. latis et 1 mm. longis, apice acutato saepius
subcallosis, petalis nullis at disco hypogyno glanduloso inter lobos petali modo
incrassato ; ovario pyramidato vix setuloso ca. 1.5 mm. longo, stylis 3 patentibus
papillosis ad 1 mm. longis integris; capsula fragili tricocca vinosa glabrata ad 3
mm. longa et 5 mm. lata, semine subgloboso-compresso ca. 3 mm. magno, arillo
tenui vinoso, testa valde rugoso-asperata.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 750-900 m., Degener 14906
(A, Type), Mar. 26, 1941. Vanua Levu: Mbua: Mbua Bay, U.S. Expl. Exped. (GH,
probably only in part).

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 51

At first sight it is easy to mistake C. Archboldianum for C. echinospermum,
but the new species differs from Mueller’s entity (based on U. S. Expl. Exped.
from Ovalau) in having leaves which are much more deeply repand-serrate, petals
which are replaced by glands fusing with the disc, a less definitely trigonous fruit
with blunter keels, and the epicarp practically glabrous (very sparingly setulose
under a lens) and of a vinous color rather than appressed-velvety-setulose and
yellow. In addition, the seed of C. Archboldianum is merely rugose, while it is
definitely asperate in C. echinospermum. These differences point to entities
which are not conspecific, showing that Claorylon, like Croton, speciates mainly
in the pistillate flower and the fruit.

Claoxylon sitibundum Croizat, sp. nov.

Arbuscula 3-5 m. alta; innovationibus parcius setulosis in ramos graciles cica-
tricosos abeuntibus ; foliis in sicco brunneis vel olivaceis glabris, costa venisque
interdum vinosis, 4.5-7 cm. longis, 2-3 cm. latis, lanceolatis vel oblanceolatis,
habitu verticillatis, apice plus minusve acuminatis, basi longe cuneatis, margine
repando-dentatis, venis sat obscuris adscendentibus ca. 6-jugis; petiolo 1-1.5 cm.
longo setuloso vel glabrato vinoso canaliculato in laminam confluente, apice antice
denticulis vel glandulis 2-4 ornato; stipulis triangularibus minutis; inflorescentiis
simplicibus spicatis 4 cm. longis vel brevioribus; floribus ¢ ignotis; floribus ?:
perianthio 3-lobato, ca. 0.75 mm. longo et 1.5 mm. lato, lobis triangulari-ovatis
costulatis, petalis saturate vinosis subnigris vel nigris, late rotundatis, lobis sub-
aequilongis ; ovario globuloso nigricanti parcissime setuloso ca. 1.5 mm. magno,
vix tertio infero in perianthio incluso, stylis 3 nigricantibus revolutis vix 0.5 mm.
longis; capsula nigricanti ca. 3.5 mm. lata et 2.5 mm. longa, seminibus com-
planatis, ambitu rotundatis, arillo nigricanti vel saturato-vinoso, ca. 2.5 mm. latis,
vermiculato-rugosis.

Viti Levu: Ra: Vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m., Degener 15460 (A,
TYPE), June 6, 1941 (in dry rocky forest).

This is another species which can easily be confused with C. echinospermum
and C. Archboldianum, of which it suggests a depauperate form with slender
branchlets and verticillate leaves. It differs from the former in the small blackish
capsule, the short inflorescence bearing usually a single apical pistillate flower,
the smaller and differently sculptured seed, and in every detail of the perianth.
It can be separated from C. Archboldianum by the smaller lenticular seed, the
shape of the perianth-lobes, the presence of petals rather than glands in the flower,
the inflorescence, and the leaves, which are broader in relation to their length.

A group of species of close relationship, with a range extending from the Dutch
East Indies to Polynesia, contains C. echinospermum Muell. Arg., C. taitense
Muell. Arg., C. erythrophyllum Migq., C. affine Zoll., C. samoense Pax & Hoffm.,
C. Archboldianum Croizat, and C. sitibundum Croizat.

Cleidion Degeneri Croizat, sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbuscula 2-metralis, innovationibus adpresse griseo-setulosis, citis-
sime glabris, cortice griseo vel griseo-brunneo, cicatricibus foliorum delapsorum
bene notato; foliis tenellis subtus praesertim parcius hispido-setulosis mox gla-
bratis vel glabris, in sicco atro-olivaceis vel olivaceo-discoloribus, lanceolatis vel
elliptico-lanceolatis chartaceis, apice brevius acuminatis, acumine mucronulato,
basi plus minusve truncato biauriculatis, margine ratione varia dentato-serratis vel
obscure serratis, serraturis incurvis glandulosis, 3-10 mm. inter se distantibus,
6-12 cm. longis, 2-5 cm. latis, venis adscendentibus ca. 7-jugis; inflorescentiis ¢
simplicibus habitu spicatis, ad 7 cm. longis, gracilibus, 2 cymosis vel subpanicu-

52 SARGENTIA {1

latis, pedunculo communi gracillimo axillari ad 4 cm. longo, pedicellis ca. 5-10
subcapillaceis ad 1.5 cm. longis; floribus ¢ in cymis plurifloris congestis, peri-
anthio ut videtur 3-lobato ad 3 mm. longo et lato, pedicello 1.5 mm. longo, stami-
nibus ultra 20 pulvinatim aggregatis; floribus 9: perianthio 3-fido in pedicellum
more generis abeunte, lobis subsetaceis 2-3 mm. longis, puberulis glabratisve,
ovario ut videtur 3-loculari ca. 1.5 mm. magno minute griseo-puberulo levi, stylis
3 habitu lentis, basi 0.3 mm. connatis, dein partitis, cruribus subulatis integerrimis,
puberulo-papillosis, colore plus minusve vinosis, ad 14 mm. longis, fructu imma-
turo capsulari ad 4 mm. longo et 7 mm. crasso, levi, coccorum dorso plus minusve
costulato.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Vicinity of Tavua, alt. 30-150 m., Degener 14962 (A)
(shrub 1-2 m. high, in isolated dry forested ravine; fruit whitish); Ra: Vicinity of Re-
wasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m., Degener 15505 (A); Tholo West: Mbuyombuyo,
near Namboutini, Tabualewa 15570 (A, tyre), June 17, 1941 (shrub or small tree 2 m. high).

Of this genus, only C. Vieillardii Baill. var. vitiense Muell. Arg. has thus far
been reported from Fiji. I do not know whether C. Degeneri is the same as
Mueller’s variety, but it is certainly not conspecific with C. Vieillardii. The de-
scriptions of C. verticillatum Baill., which Daniker (in Viert. Nat. Forsch. Gesell.
Zurich 77 (Beibl. 19): 224. 1932) reports from the Loyalty Islands, and of C.
Vieillardii var. mareense Guillaumin (in Sarasin & Roux, Nov. Caled. Bot. 166.
1920), from New Caledonia, do not suggest the characters of C. Degeneri. Cle-
idion is abundant in New Caledonia, but it does not seem to be represented else-
where in Oceania except by scattered species of restricted range.

Trigonostemon (?) voratus Croizat, sp. nov.

Arbor videtur vel frutex validus, innovationibus pube sordide albicanti primum
adpresse puberulis mox glabratis insigniter cicatricosis; foliis obovato-lanceolatis
firme chartaceis, in sicco olivaceo-griseis, subtus pallidioribus, ca. 25 cm. longis
et 13 cm. latis, glabris, apice breviter acuminatis vel rotundato-acuminatis fere e
medio deorsum gradatim cuneatis, margine integerrimis, venis primaris modice
adscendentibus sub margine ipso anastomosatis ca. 10—12-jugis, venulis supra
quam subtus magis obviis, gracillimis, crebris, petiolo herbaceo 5-7 cm. longo,
puberulo; stipulis valde obscuris ; inflorescentiis axillaribus 12-14 cm. longis totis
hispido-pubescentibus subherbaceis vel herbaceis, in apice sub floribus bracteis
foliaceis, notis totis cum foliis ipsis congruentibus at valde minoribus ornatis,
bracteis ad 4 cm. longis et 1.5 cm. latis; pedicellis articulatis ad 2-3 mm. longis
validiusculis, pedunculis ut videtur simplicibus bracteolatis ; perianthio ca. 15 mm.
lato 5-mero, lobis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis nervosis, ad 5 mm. longis et 4 mm.
latis, margine interdum parcissime et grosse dentato-lobatis, disco ut videtur
nullo; ovarii reliquiis hispido-tomentosis.

Vitt Levu: Tholo West: Mbuyombuyo, near Namboutini, Tabualewa 15569 (A,
TYPE), June 17, 1941.

The cited collection is represented by many duplicates, but not a single flower
has escaped the attacks of insects; the young fruit has all been devoured but for
traces left at the bottom of the perianth. Trigonostemon has not previously been
reported from Fiji, but the present collection suggests it by the habit of the in-
florescence, the nature of the pubescence, and the perianth, and is not excluded
by the foliage-characters. That the new species does not belong in Cleidion is
indicated by the shape of the calyx-lobes and the presence of conspicuous foli-
aceous bracts on the inflorescence. That the cited specimen represents a species
new to Fiji seems to be certain.

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 53

HIPPOCRATEACEAE

Salacia vitiensis A. C. Sm. in Am. Jour. Bot. 28: 440. 1941.

Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Between Valanga and Valethi, Savu Savu Bay
region, near sea-level, Degener & Ordonez 14055 (A) (liana, in open forest; flowers and
fruit green).

The cited collection is the third of the species known to me; it was obtained
fairly near the type-locality. Thus far S. vitiensis is known only from Vanua
Levu.

Salacia pachycarpa sp. nov.

Frutex scandens sub fructu ubique glaber, ramulis crassis (apicem versus 1.5—3
mm. diametro) teretibus rugosis fusco-cinereis lenticellatis ad nodos incrassatis ;
foliis oppositis vel suboppositis, petiolis validis canaliculatis 1.5-3 cm. longis,
laminis chartaceis siccitate viridi-olivaceis ovato-ellipticis, (6—) 8-18.5 cm. longis,
(3—) 4.5-10 cm. latis, basi rotundatis vel obtusis et subito in petiolum decurrenti-
bus, apice obtusis, margine integris et leviter recurvatis, costa supra elevata subtus
prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 6-9 curvatis supra paullo subtus valde
elevatis, rete venularum intricato utrinque leviter prominulo; inflorescentiis axil-
laribus ut videtur subfasciculatis, pedicellis fructiferis incrassatis lenticellatis cir-
citer 5 mm. longis, fructibus solitariis subglobosis maturitate 25-30 mm. diametro,
basi et apice rotundatis, pericarpio levi lignoso 2-4 mm. crasso, dissepimentis
evanescentibus, seminibus ut videtur circiter 4 in pulpo sparso nidulantibus ellip-
soideis plerumque angulatis.

Vitr Levu: Ra: Mataimeravula, vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m.,
Degener 15437 (A, TYPE), June 3, 1941 (liana, in dark forest; native name: wasam).

Although the cited collection lacks flowers, there seems to be no doubt that it
represents a new species related to S. vitiensis A. C. Smith, from which it differs
in its stouter habit and much larger leaves, which are distinctly broadest below
the middle (rather than oblong-elliptic) and have more obvious secondary nerves
and veinlets. The fruits of the two species are very similar. Another relative
of S. pachycarpa is S. aneityensis Guillaumin of the New Hebrides, based upon a
collection with only two immature fruits. However, these fruits appear to have
a thick pericarp and thus to differentiate the. species from S. prinoides (Willd. )
DC. As compared with S. pachycarpa, S. aneityensis has proportionately broader
elliptic leaf-blades and the pericarp conspicuously pale-verrucose rather than
smooth.

ICACINACEAE
By R. A. Howarp

Citronella vitiensis Howard, sp. nov.

Arbor parva, ramulis teretibus glabris; foliis 1-1.5 cm. longe petiolatis, laminis
subcoriaceis glaberrimis integris late ovatis vel ellipticis, 10-16 cm. longis, 6-12
cm. latis, apice ad 1 cm. longo acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel subcordatis, costa
supra vix subtus bene prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 4 vel 5 arcuatis
anastomosantibus ; paniculis terminalibus 8-19 cm. longis, cymulis ad 1 cm. longis
apice flores plures subcapitato-congestos vel secundo-scorpioides gerentibus,
thachi adpresso-flavido-pubescente; calycis lobis ovatis, 1 mm. longis, 1.5 mm.
latis, ciliatis; petalis glabris oblongis, 5 mm. longis, 1.4 mm. latis, costa prominula
ornatis; staminibus ad 4.5 mm. longis, filamentis crassiusculis, antheris oblongis
1.2 mm. longis basi cordatis ; ovario ovoideo glabro in stylum attenuato ; stigmate
capitato rugoso; fructibus oblongo-ovoideis ad 3 cm. longis et 1.5 cm. latis com-
planatis, basi truncatis vel subcordatis, apicem versus angustatis, putamine lignoso
conspicue angulari prominenter costato.

54 SARGENTIA (1

Vitt Levu: Naitasiri: Suva Pumping Station, alt. 30 m., Degener & Ordonez 13773
(A) (tree, in forest; flowers pale greenish yellow; native name: nunga); Nasinu, Gillespie
3590 (GH, NY, US). Ovarau: Levuka Reservoir, Gillespie 4511 (GH, US), 4527 (GH,
NY). Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Vatunivuamonde Mt., Savu Savu Bay region,
alt. 300 m., Degener & Ordonez 14007 (A, Type) (small tree, in forest).

This species is similar in general appearance to Citronella samoensis (A. Gray)
Howard, but the fruits are strikingly different. The drupe is strongly prismatic,
with sharp angles due to the rugose putamen, and is flattened or concave on one
side. The apex is acute and tapers to a point that is centric, not acentric as in

Fic. 3. Citronella vitiensis (drawings made from type specimen); a. habit, X 1%; Db.
pistil, X 10; c. diagrammatic cross-section of pistil; d. apical view of mature fruit, X %4;
e. diagrammatic cross-section of fruit; f. seed, X %4; g. embryo, X 4; h-j. three views
of a single fruit, X 34. Drawings by R. A. Howard.

C. samoensis. This is the first report of the genus Citronella from Fiji, the only
other member of the family found there being the common Medusanthera vitiensis
Seem. For the synonymy of this latter species see Howard in Jour. Arnold Arb.

21: 469. 1940.

SAPINDACEAE
Guioa chrysea sp. nov.

Arbor, innovationibus chryseo-puberulis, ramulis subteretibus demum glabris
fusco-cinereis; foliis abrupte pinnatis, petiolo basi incrassato ad 4 cm. longo et
rhachi subangulata ut ramulis juvenilibus puberulis vel breviter pilosis; foliolis
5-8 oppositis vel alternatis, petiolulis subcomplanatis 5-8 mm. longis, laminis
chartaceis subfalcato-elliptico-oblongis, (6—) 8-13 cm. longis, 2.5—5 cm. latis, basi
acutis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice conspicue acuminatis (acumine ad 1.5
cm. longo obtuso), margine integris et leviter recurvatis, supra glabris vel dis-
perse pilosis, subtus sparse breviter adpresso-chryseo-pilosis ac etiam brunneo-
glandulosis, in axillis inter costam ac venas saepe conspicue foveolatis, costa

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 32

utrinque prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 5-8 erecto-patentibus irregu-
lariter arcuato-anastomosantibus utrinque valde elevatis, rete venularum intricato
utrinque paullo prominulo; inflorescentiis axillaribus vel subterminalibus ad 10
cm. longis copiose ramosis multifloris ubique dense chryseo-pilosis (pilis sub-
patentibus 0.1-0.2 mm. longis), bracteis anguste oblongis obtusis circiter 2 mm.
longis, bracteolis minoribus; floribus in ramulis ultimis brevibus solitariis, pedi-
cellis 0.7-1 mm. longis; sepalis 5 imbricatis submembranaceis concavis suborbicu-
laribus rotundatis 1.5—-2.5 mm. diametro glabris vel exterioribus extus ut ramulis
inflorescentiae subsericeis; petalis 5 membranaceis suborbicularibus sub anthesi
circiter 2.5 mm. diametro (alabastro multo minoribus), glabris vel basim versus
ciliolatis, margine undulatis, intus basi squamulatis, squamula bifida 0.4-1 mm.
longa distaliter pilis albidis 0.1-0.3 mm. longis dense barbellato-ciliolata ; disco an-
nulari integro crenulato glabro; staminibus 8, filamentis filiformibus sub anthesi
ad 3 mm. longis albido-pilosis, antheris oblongis 0.6-0.7 mm. longis glabris vel
sparse pilosis; ovario rudimentario subconico-triquetro sparse chryseo-sericeo.

Vitrt Levu: Tholo North: Nandala, vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. about 750 m.,
Degener 14398 (A, Type), Feb. 15, 1941 (specimens from fallen tree, in forest).

Guioa chrysea (Sect. Euguioa) is a species of the relationship of G. subfalcata-
Radlk., from which it differs in its larger leaflets with more obvious puberulence
on the lower surfaces, the short golden hairs of its inflorescence-branches, sepals,
etc., and its pilose petal-scales. The leaflets of the new species have less regularly
anastomosing secondaries than those of G. subfalcata and also have the veinlet
reticulation less intricate and not as definitely prominulous.

Koelreuteria formosana Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 3: 64. pl. 13. 1913; Radlk. in Pflanzenr.
98 (IV. 165): 1333. 1935.

Vitti Levu: Tholo North: Below Nandarivatu, alt. about 600 m., Greenwood 450A
(A) (tree to 11 m. high, in gullies and on hillsides; flowers yellow, the petal-bases red; fruit
reddish brown); Ra: Mataimeravula, vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m.,
Degener 15435 (A) (large tree, in open forest; native name: lombolombo; extract of leaves
used as a black hair-dye).

Although the collectors’ notes do not indicate that this plant is an escape from
cultivation, this seems certainly to be the case, as the specimens are not to be
distinguished from Formosan material. The genus has not previously been re-
ported from the region. Greenwood comments upon the brevity of the flowering
season and states that he has collected the same species from the vicinity of
Lautoka.

Harpullia mellea Lauterb. in Bot. Jahrb. 41: 229. 1908; Radlk. in Pflanzenr. 98 (IV.
165): 1453. 1934; Christoph. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 128: 133. 1935.

KAMBARA: Smith 1267 (GH, NY) (tree 18 m. high, in forest on limestone formation;
fruit red; native name: vuvula). FULANGA: Smith 1153 (GH, NY) (tree 13 m. high, in
forest on limestone formation; petals pale yellow; fruit red).

Harpullia mellea has previously been reported from Samoa and Tonga. Al-
though Guillaumin (in Jour. Arnold Arb. 14: 56. 1933) states that H. arborea
(Blanco) Radlk. occurs in Samoa and Fiji, I have not been able to find other
references to such distribution, nor have I seen specimens of H. arborea from
these groups. Until specimens are available from Fiji, it seems best to recognize
the New Hebrides as the eastern limit of H. arborea. I believe that the present
reference to H. mellea is the first authentic record of the genus in Fiji.

VITACEAE
Cayratia Seemanniana sp. nov.

Vitis saponaria Seem. in Bonplandia 9: 254, nomen. 1861; Seem. Mission to Viti 434,
nomen. 1862; A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 5: 316, nomen. 1862; A. Gray in Bonplandia

56 SARGENTIA [1

10: 35, nomen. 1862; Seem. Fl. Vit. 44. 1865. Not Vitis saponaria Benth. Fl. Austral.
1: 448. 1863. Not Cissus saponaria Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 574. 1887. Not
Cayratia saponaria Domin in Rep. Sp. Nov. 11: 264. 1912; Guillaumin in Jour. Arnold
Arb. 12: 240, as C. saponacea. 1931.

Frutex scandens, caulibus gracilibus striatis juventute albo-puberulis et pur-
purascentibus demum glabris et cinereis; foliis petiolatis trifoliolatis, petiolis
gracilibus ut ramulis pallide puberulis ad 12 cm. longis basi incrassatis, petiolulis
subteretibus decidue puberulis 1—-3.5 cm. (terminalibus ad 6 cm.) longis, laminis
tenuiter papyraceis vel subchartaceis ovato-ellipticis, 7-16 cm. longis, 4-12 cm.
latis, basi profunde inaequilateraliter cordatis (terminalibus rotundatis), apice
obtusis et interdum minute apiculatis, margine conspicue crenatis, supra glabris,
subtus in nervis puberulis atque in axillis inter venas ac costam persistenter albido-
barbellatis, costa supra elevata subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus
5-7 erecto-patentibus (eis basim versus divergentibus et ramosis) utrinque valde
prominulis, rete venularum intricato immerso vel utrinque plano; inflorescentiis
axillaribus divaricato-cymosis sub anthesi ad 7 cm. sub fructu ad 12 cm. diametro,
ubique (pedunculis brevibus, ramulis gracilibus, pedicellis, et calycibus) pilis
patentibus albo-cinereo-puberulis atque interdum dense brunneo-glandulosis ;
floribus in apicibus ramulorum plerumque ternatis, pedicellis gracilibus 1-2 mm.
longis; calyce cupuliformi sub anthesi circiter 1.5 mm. longo et 2 mm. diametro,
margine truncato vel minute 4-apiculato; petalis 4 membranaceis minute glandu-
losis oblongis, sub anthesi circiter 3 mm. longis et 2 mm. latis, apice subacutis ;
staminibus 4 in sulculis minutis disci insertis, filamentis glabris filiformibus 1.4—
1.7 mm. longis, antheris oblongo-ellipsoideis circiter 0.7 mm. longis ; disco carnoso
leviter crenulato minute pallido-glanduloso ; ovario in disco immerso, stylo conico
circiter 1 mm. longo obtuso, ovulis 4; baccis depresso-globosis rugulosis 7-8 mm.
diametro minute luteo-glandulosis columna stylorum persistenter coronatis, peri-
carpio carnoso, seminibus 3 vel 4 ellipsoideis circiter 5 mm. longis et latis intus
conspicue angulatis et fossa plus minusve profunda praeditis.

Vitt Levu: Ra: Saulangitua, vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m.,
Degener 15502 (A, TyPE), June 10, 1941 (liana, in forest). OvaLau: Vicinity of Levuka,
alt. 400 m., Gillespie 4485 (GH). Morurtxr: Seemann 76 (GH) (native name: wa
roturotu). Vanua Levu: Mbua: Mbua Bay, U. S. Expl. Exped. (GH). ,

There has been considerable confusion concerning the name Vitis saponaria
and various combinations based upon it. Although the name appeared several
times previous to the publication of the first part of Flora Vitiensis in 1865, it was
validly published only by Bentham (FI. Austr. 1: 448. 1863). The type of the
species, therefore, is the plant upon which Bentham based his description. The
only specimens actually cited by Bentham are Australian collections of R. Brown
and MacGillivray, and these are to be considered cotypes. The fact that Bentham
accredits the name to Seemann, on the supposition that the plant listed by See-
mann in his Mission to Viti (and also in his reprinted Syst. List Vit. Pl. 4. 1862)
is conspecific with the Australian plant, does not give the Fijian collection of
Seemann the status of type.

Later authors, including Planchon and Domin, have accepted the Australian
and Fijian plants as conspecific and have erroneously accredited the name to
Seemann. The correct modern combination for the Australian plant would ap-
pear to be Cayratia saponaria (Benth.) Domin; even though Domin does not
cite Bentham’s publication, it is obvious that he is basing his new combination
upon Bentham’s concept, since only the MacGillivray specimen is cited.

Since it now appears that the Fijian and Australian plants are not conspecific,
and since the name Vitis saponaria must definitely be taken for the latter, the
former should receive a new name. The Fijian specimens cited by Seemann and

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 57

Gray have no status as types and therefore it is not necessary to base the new
name upon them. I prefer to designate the recent Degener collection as the type,
since the material is more complete and ample than that of previous collections.
As to the identity of the New Hebrides plant which Guillaumin (in Jour. Arnold
Arb. 12: 240. 1931) cites as Cayratia “‘saponacea,” this is clearly not conspecific
with the Fijian plants cited above.

Cayratia Seemanniana differs from the Australian C. saponaria ( Benth.)
Domin in having its leaflets thinner and with persistent tufts of hairs in the axils
of nerves ‘on the lower surface, its lateral leaflets more conspicuously cordate,
and the leaflet-margins more deeply crenulate; whether or not there are good
floral differences I cannot say at present. The new species is also closely related
to the Papuasian C. grandifolia (Warb.) Merr. & Perry, a species with larger
and somewhat thicker leaflets with more sharply prominulous veinlets on the
lower surfaces and without the definite axillary tomentum, and with a more ample
inflorescence.

Cayratia acuminata (A. Gray) comb. nov.

Cissus acuminata A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 1: 273. 1854; Planch. in DC. Monogr.
Phan. 5: 564. 1887.

Vitis acuminata Seem. in Bonplandia 9: 255. 1861; Fl. Vit. 44. 1865.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nandarivatu, alt. 850 m., Degener & Ordonez 13575
(A) (liana, in rain-forest).

The cited specimen, in the texture, shape, and cutting of its leaflets, very closely
resembles the rather unsatisfactory type collection (U. S. Expl. Exped., GH,
from Ovalau). The lateral leaflets of the older collection are sometimes divided
and the leaf is thus 5-foliolate; the present collection, which is sterile, has leaves
always 3-foliolate. The species represents neither Cissus nor Vitis, according to
the treatment proposed by Gagnepain (in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun 24: 1-41.
1911). Its probable place in Cayratia is suggested by its superficial resemblance
to such species as C. japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep. and C. trifolia (L.) Domin.

BIXACEAE
Bixa Orellana L. Sp. Pl. 512. 1753; Setch. in Carn. Inst. Publ. 341: 68. 1924; Guillaumin
in Jour. Arnold Arb. 12: 225. 1931; Christoph. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 128: 149. 1935.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nandrau, alt. about 600 m., Degener 14898 (A) (nat-
uralized, escape from cultivation; native name: ngesa; dye from seeds used as facial decora-
tion). WuitHouTt LocaLity: Horne (GH).

This common species, cultivated in essentially all warm countries, is apparently
to be included in the naturalized flora of Fiji. The family has not previously
been reported from the group in taxonomic literature.

VIOLACEAE

Agatea violaris A. Gray, f. typica f. nov.

Agatea violaris A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 1: 89. pl. 7. 1854; Seem. Fl. Vit. 6.
1865.

Planta foliis glabris, ramulis inflorescentiae sub anthesi arcte puberulis.

Gray originally described two varieties of this species without naming them.
Var. a was said to have oblong-lanceolate leaves subequal to the panicles, and
var. 8 larger ovate-oblong leaves exceeding the panicles. Numerous modern col-
lections of the species indicate that there are all variations between these extremes.

58 SARGENTIA {1

While I do not believe, therefore, that there is any necessity for the two varieties
as proposed by Gray, and while I intend to include both of these varieties in my
forma typica, I nevertheless here designate the type of his var. B as the type of
my forma typica, in order to avoid any future confusion. In the present collec-
tion, the following specimens are referable to A. violaris f. typica:

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Degener & Ordonez 13576, Degener 14367, 14403,
14679; Ra: Degener 15507; Rewa: Degener & Ordones 13771. VAaNnua_ Levu:
Thakaundrove: Degener & Ordonez 14182, 14200 (all A).

Of the cited specimens, no. 141782 is fairly close to the type of Gray’s var. a,
the others more nearly resembling his var. 8. 1 propose the forma typica to in-
clude both of Gray’s unnamed varieties and all the other material of the species
which I have seen, with the exception of two collections referable to the following.

Agatea violaris A. Gray, f. mollis f. nov.

Planta laminis foliorum subtus et interdum supra dense et molliter cinereo-
pilosis, ramulis inflorescentiae sub anthesi conspicue pilosis.

Vitt Levu: Tholo West: Mbulu, near Sovi Bay, alt. 30-60 m., Degener 15046 (A)
(liana, in forest) ; Naruku, vicinity of Mbelo, near Vatukarasa, alt. about 250 m., Degener
15314 (A, type), May 18, 1941 (liana, in forest; native name: wa ndrengandrenga).

Although no floral or other consequential differences are discernible between
the cited specimens and specimens of the typical form, the conspicuous pubescence
makes nomenclatural recognition of this form desirable. The fact that Degener
14403, cited as the form typica, has a few soft hairs on the lower leaf-surface
indicates that the differences between the two forms are not of great consequence.

FLACOURTIACEAE

The Fijian specimens of Homalium have been referred in herbaria to two spe-
cies, H. vitiense Benth. and H. nitens Turrill. Among the collections now avail-
able to me, it seems obvious that more than two species are distinguishable, al-
though their characters are somewhat intangible and difficult to express without
resorting to measurements. All appear to be endemic and all have the stamens
in threes (occasionally in fours), being members of the Section Eumyriantheia,
according to Gilg’s treatment (in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. ed. 2. 21: 426. 1925). Fairly
dependable specific characters are apparently to be found in the flower-size, the
proportions of perianth-segments to stamens and styles, the length of the in-
florescence and pedicels, and to a certain extent in foliage. The five species
recognized in the following key seem quite satisfactory on the basis of present
material.

Flowers 2.5—-4 mm. long at anthesis, the calyx-tube nearly as broad as long; perianth-segments
14-22, 1-2.5 mm. long; glands at base of perianth glabrous; stamens and styles at anthesis

subequal to or exceeding the perianth-segments.
Inflorescence 6-12 cm. long, the bracts 0.7-1.6 mm. long, the flowers 2.5-3 mm. long, sub-

sessile or on pedicels to 1.5 mm. long ..............ccees cee eseeenes 1. H. vitiense.
Inflorescence 12-20 cm. long, the bracts 1.5-2 mm. long, the flowers 3.5-4 mm. long, on
pedicels 2-3 wim: lon® oi. ssn der svccccceeustereuncssesessesvesserd. dd. Gellegpie.

Flowers 4.5-7 mm. long at anthesis, the calyx-tube comparatively narrow, longer than broad;
perianth-segments 34.5 mm. long, longer than the calyx-tube.
Stamens and styles less than one-half as long as the perianth-segments; glands at base of
perianth densely hirsute; leaf-blades cuspidate at apex.
Inflorescence 8-16 cm. long, the pedicels 1-3 mm. long, the flowers 5-7 mm. long;
perianth-segments 16-22; leaf-blades 5-8 cm. long, 2.5—-5 cm. broad ....3. H. nitens.
Inflorescence 16-24 cm. long, the pedicels 0.7-1.5 mm. long, the flowers 4.5-6 mm. long:
perianth-segments 12-16; leaf-blades 8-15 cm. long, 5-9 cm. broad ..4. H. laurifolium,

1942} SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 59

Stamens and styles 3-4 mm. long, nearly as long as the 16-18 perianth-segments; glands
at base of perianth subglabrous; pubescence of inflorescence dense and conspicuous ;

leaf-blades rounded or obtuse at apex .......... 00: e cece eee eee e eee De Ay pallidum,
1. Homalium vitiense Benth. in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: 36. 1860; Seem. Fl. Vit. 95.
1865.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Fatia, west of Tavua, alt. 30-60 m., Degener 14969
(A) (tree 4 m. high, in dry forested ravine; flowers greenish); Naitasiri: Tamavua
woods, 6 miles from Suva, alt. 150 m., Gillespie 2018 (GH, NY). Vanua Levu: Tha-
kaundrove: Natewa Peninsula, hills west of Mbutha Bay, alt. 150-350 m., Smith 831
(GH, NY) (tree 5 m. high, on exposed cliff-head; flowers white). WuirHouT LOCALITY:
Horne 490 (GH).

Although I have not seen the type of this species, collected by Milne on Viti
Levu, there seems little doubt, from the description, that the small-flowered speci-
mens cited above represent the same species.

2. Homalium Gillespiei sp. nov.

Arbor (?), ramulis gracilibus subteretibus fusco-cinereis juventute cinereo-
puberulis mox glabris et conspicue lenticellatis; petiolis gracilibus canaliculatis
6-9 mm. longis ut ramulis decidue puberulis; laminis chartaceis siccitate fuscis
ovato-ellipticis, 5-8 cm. longis, 3-4 cm. latis, basi obtusis et in petiolum decur-
rentibus, apice obtuse cuspidatis, margine crenato-serratis (dentibus obtusis 2-4
per centimetrum), utrinque praeter costam interdum inconspicue puberulam
glabris, costa utrinque paullo elevata, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 5-8 arcuato-
adscendentibus utrinque valde prominulis, rete venularum intricato utrinque
prominulo; inflorescentiis racemosis axillaribus solitariis 12-20 cm. longis, pe-
dunculo ad 3 cm. longo et rhachi gracilibus dense hirsutis (pilis albo-cinereis 0.3-
0.7 mm. longis), bracteis pilosis oblongis 1.5-2 mm. longis, pedicellis sub anthesi
strigosis 2-3 mm. longis; floribus sub anthesi 3.5-4 mm. longis cinereo-strigosis,
tubo calycis turbinato 1-1.5 mm. longo et lato; sepalis 7 vel 8 submembranaceis
lanceolatis, 2-2.5 mm. longis, circiter 0.3 mm. latis, utrinque strigosis; petalis 7
vel & sepalis similibus; glandulis glabris subglobosis circiter 0.2 mm. diametro ;
staminibus 3 (raro 4) in fasciculis, filamentis filiformibus patente-hirsutis petala
subaequalibus, antheris minutis subglobosis circiter 0.15 mm. diametro; ovario
piloso, stylis plerumque 5 basi connatis distaliter liberis filiformibus stamina
subaequalibus.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nasukamai, near Wainimbuka River, alt. 400 m.,
Gillespie 3394.6 (GH, type, NY), Dec. 27, 1927.

The cited specimen has characters suggestive of both H. witiense and H. nitens,
but I believe that it cannot be referred to either. Its small flowers, with stamens
and styles subequalling the perianth, resemble those of H. vitiense, while its long
bracts and pedicels suggest those of H. nitens. The inflorescence of the new
species is conspicuously elongate.

3. Homalium nitens Turrill in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 43: 23. 1915.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, im Thurn 132 (NY, TYPE
COLL.) ; alt. about 830 m., Reay 18 (A) (shrub to 3 m. high; inflorescence brown to pink;
native name: molaca; infusion of bark used as a tonic); Serua: Vicinity of Negaloa,
alt. about 30 m., Degener 15087 (A), 15088 (A) (trees, in forest; inflorescence grayish or
pink; native name: farotaro; fresh inflorescences woven into necklaces).

The young inflorescences appear to be pink, subsequently fading to a gray or
brown color.

4. Homalium laurifolium sp. nov.

Arbor ad 3 m. alta, ramulis subteretibus gracilibus glabris cinereis pallide lenti-
cellatis; petiolis canaliculatis nigrescentibus (5—) 10-18 mm. longis; laminis
chartaceis ovato-ellipticis, 8-15 cm. longis, 5-9 em. latis, basi rotundatis vel ob-

60 SARGENTIA {1

tusis et in petiolum subito decurrentibus, apice obtuse cuspidatis vel breviter
acuminatis, margine leviter recurvatis et undulato-crenatis, utrinque glabris, costa
supra elevata subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 5-7 arcuato-
adscendentibus utrinque acute elevatis, rete venularum intricato utrinque valde
prominulo; inflorescentiis axillaribus racemosis 16-24 cm. longis, pedunculo ad
6 cm. longo et rhachi gracilibus densissime et breviter cinereo-hirsutis, bracteis
linearibus acutis hirsutis 1.5-2 mm. longis, pedicellis sub anthesi pilosis 0.7-1.5
mm. longis; floribus sub anthesi 4.5-6 mm. longis, tubo calycis obconico, 1.5—2.5
mim. longo, 1-1.2 mm. lato, dense pilosulo; sepalis 6-8 membranaceis ligulatis,
3-3.5 mm. longis, 0.3-0.4 mm. latis, subacutis, utrinque pilis 0.4-0.7 mm. longis
dense cinereo-hirsutis ; petalis 6-8 sepalis similibus; glandulis dense hirsutis sub-
globosis circiter 0.3 mm. diametro; staminibus 3 in fasciculis quam petalis multo
brevioribus, filamentis filiformibus 0.7-1 mm. longis basim versus sparse hir-
sutis, antheris circiter 0.25 mm. latis; ovario dense hirsuto, stylis 5 basi connatis
superne liberis et filiformibus stamina subaequalibus.

Vitt Levu: Tholo West: Naruku, vicinity of Mbelo, near Vatukarasa, alt. about
250 m., Degener 15307 (A, Type), May 18, 1941 (tree 3 m. high, in forest; native name:
sakisakivuto; inflorescences used for necklaces; cold-water extract from wood used medici-
nally); Rewa: Suva, Meebold 8175 (NY).

The new species is readily distinguished from H. nitens, its closest relative, by
the characters indicated in the key and also by the fact that the stamens and styles
are proportionately shorter, being only about one-third or less the length of the
petals. The Meebold specimen differs from the type in its somewhat shorter
petioles, but in all other characters the cited specimens agree closely.

5. Homalium pallidum sp. nov.

Arbor 15 m. alta, ramulis subteretibus crassis juventute pallidis et obscure
puberulis demum fusco-cinereis glabris conspicue albido-lenticellatis ; petiolis pal-
lidis crassis canaliculatis 6-10 mm. longis mox glabris; laminis chartaceis siccitate
olivaceis late ellipticis vel subrotundatis, 5-9 cm. longis, 4-6.5 cm. latis, basi ro-
tundatis et in petiolum subito decurrentibus, apice rotundatis vel obtusis, margine
conspicue undulato-crenatis et leviter recurvatis, utrinque glabris, costa supra
elevata subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 5—7 arcuato-adscendenti-
bus utrinque valde prominulis, rete venularum intricato utrinque prominulo; in-
florescentiis axillaribus et racemosis vel terminalibus et paniculatis, racemis (vel
ramulis paucis paniculae brevis) 6-9 cm. longis, pedunculo brevi et rhachi gracili-
bus densissime cinereo-pilosis, bracteis ovato-oblongis circiter 1.5 mm. longis
extus strigosis, pedicellis sub anthesi pilosis 1-2 mm. longis; floribus sub anthesi
6.5—7 mm. longis, tubo calycis obconico, 2—2.5 mm. longo, 1.5—2 mm. lato, minute
et dense cinereo-subsericeo ; sepalis 8 vel 9 membranaceis obovato-lanceolatis, 3.5—
4.5 mm. longis, 0.6-0.8 mm. latis, apice acutis, utrinque sericeis; petalis 8 vel 9
sepalis similibus; glandulis subglabris subglobosis circiter 0.3 mm. diametro;
staminibus 3 in fasciculis, filamentis filiformibus basim versus sparse pilosis
petala subaequalibus (3-4 mm. longis), antheris oblongis circiter 0.3 mm. longis ;
ovario hirsuto, stylis 5 basi connatis superne liberis et filiformibus stamina
subaequalibus.

FuLANGA: Smith 1221 (GH, NY, Type), Feb. 26, 1934 (tree 15 m. high, in forest on
limestone formation; petals white; native name: mbolovatu; wood hard and considered
useful).

The long stamens and styles of the large flowers, the densely pubescent in-
florescences, and the broad subrotund leaves amply differentiate this species from
its allies. It bears a close floral resemblance to H. aneityense Guillaumin, of the
New Hebrides, but that species has the stamens in fives (in several flowers which
I dissected), while its leaf-blades lack the conspicuous crenations of the new
species.

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 61

Xylosma Archboldianum sp. nov.

Arbor praeter inflorescentiam glabra, ramulis gracilibus subteretibus fusco-
cinereis conspicue lenticellatis ; petiolis leviter canaliculatis 3-6 mm. longis ; laminis
chartaceis siccitate viridi-olivaceis supra nitidis ovatis, 4-7 cm. longis, 2—3.5 cm.
latis, basi rotundatis et in petiolum subito decurrentibus, apice obtusis vel leviter
emarginatis, margine integris et leviter recurvatis, costa supra subplana vel paullo
elevata subtus valde elevata, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 4-7 adscendentibus
utrinque valde prominulis, rete venularum intricato acute prominulo; inflores-
centiis ¢ immaturis solis visis axillaribus congestis breviter racemosis vel sub-
fasciculatis plurifloris, rhachi pedicellisque cinereo-puberulis, bracteis obovato-
oblongis obtusis circiter 0.7 mm. longis, pedicellis brevibus ante anthesim 1 mm.
longis ; sepalis 4 late ovato-deltoideis ante anthesim circiter 0.7 mm. longis et 1
mm. latis subacutis ciliolatis; staminibus circiter 30, filamentis brevibus, antheris
oblongis circiter 0.4 mm. longis.

Vitt Levu: Ra: Mataimeravula, vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m.,
Degener 15435a (A, TYPE), June 3, 1941 (tree, on dry forested forehill).

Following Sleumer’s revision of the Malaysian-Pacific species of Xylosma (in
Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 14: 288-297. 1938), X. Archboldianum is closely related
only to X. Guillauminii Sleumer of the New Hebrides, differing in its more dis-
tinctly ovate leaf-blades, which are rounded rather than subacute at base, more
conspicuously shining, and with more sharply prominulous veinlet-reticulation.
The known flowers of both species-are very immature, but it seems likely that the
inflorescence of X. Archboldianum will prove to be more compact. The new
species is not closely related to X. orbiculatum (Forst.) Forst. f., the only species
previously known from Fiji.

Flacourtia ovata Gillespie in Bishop Mus. Bull. 83: 27. f. 34 (excl. a, f, g). 1931.

Vitt Levu: Naitasiri: Tamavua woods, 6-7.5 miles from Suva, alt. 150 m., Gil-
lespie 2175 (GH), 2446 (type cot... GH, NY); Serua: Vatuvilakia, vicinity of Ngaloa,
alt. 90 m., Degener 15152 (A) (few-branched virgate tree or shrub to 3 m. high, in dense
forest) ; Vatutavathe, near Ngaloa, alt. 150 m., Degener 15202a (A) (in forest).

In describing this species, Gillespie also cites his no. 3963 and Horne 301.
These specimens differ from the type collection in their smaller and thinner
leaves, and also in a stylar character which will be pointed out below, as I believe
them to represent an undescribed species. No staminate flowers of F. ovata are
known, those described by Gillespie having been taken from Horne 301. This
part of his description, therefore, and also figs. a, f, and g of his plate should be
taken to refer to the following new species.

Flacourtia subintegra sp. nov.

Arbor gracilis ad 8 m. alta inflorescentiis minute puberulis exceptis glabra,
ramulis subteretibus gracilibus fusco-cinereis conspicue lenticellatis ; petiolis leviter
canaliculatis 5-8 mm. longis; laminis chartaceis vel papyraceis siccitate fusco-
olivaceis ovato-ellipticis, 6-10 cm. longis, 3-6 cm. latis, basi rotundatis vel late
obtusis, apice obtusis vel obtuse cuspidatis, margine integris vel inconspicue
undulato-crenulatis, costa supra paullo. elevata subtus prominente, nervis secun-
dariis utrinsecus 4-6 adscendentibus marginem versus arcuatis et inconspicue
anastomosantibus utrinque acute elevatis, rete venularum intricato utrinque pro-
minulo ; inflorescentiis ¢ axillaribus compactis breviter racemosis vel subfascicu-
latis 3—12-floris, pedunculo brevi, rhachi, et pedicellis minute cinereo-puberulis vel
subglabris, bracteis ovatis obtusis 0.5-1 mm. longis, ramulis lateralibus (infra
articulationem pedicelli) 1-1.5 mm. longis, pedicellis gracilibus sub anthesi 2-3
mm. longis (supra articulationem) ; sepalis 4 submembranaceis deltoideo-ovatis,
11.5 mm. longis, 1.5—-1.7 latis, apice rotundatis, sparse puberulis glabrescentibus ;

62 SARGENTIA {1

disco glanduloso conspicue crenulato; staminibus numerosis (circiter 40-50),
filamentis filiformibus sub anthesi 1.5-2 mm. longis, antheris oblongis circiter 0.5
mm. diametro; fructibus obovato-ellipsoideis maturitate ad 7 mm. diametro apice
stylis 5 vel 6 minutis et distinctis coronatis, pericarpio subcarnoso, pyrenis ple-
rumque 8-10 ellipsoideis 3-4 mm. longis.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Korovou, east of Tavua, alt. 60-120 m., Degener 14953
(A) (tree 2 m. high, in isolated dry forested ravine) ; vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 900 m.,
Gillespie 3963 (GH). Vanua Levu: Mbua: Southern portion of Seatovo Range, alt.
100-350 m., Smith 1700 (GH, NY) (slender tree 4 m. high, in thickets along stream; fruit
deep red); Thakaundrove: Natewa Bay region, hills west of Korotasere, alt. 100-300
m., Smith 1939 (GH, NY, type), June 8, 1934 (tree 8 m. high, in dense forest; anthers pale
yellow). WH4ITHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY: Horne s. n. (GH), 301 (GH).

Flacourtia subintegra differs from F. ovata Gillespie in its conspicuously smaller
and thinner leaf-blades, those of F. ovata being (9—) 12-28 cm. long and (5.5—)
7-15 cm. broad. The fruits of the new species are smaller, and even when fully
mature do not exceed 7 mm. in diameter; they are surmounted by 5 or 6 minute
and quite separate styles, whereas the styles of F. ovata are conspicuous and as-
scending from an obviously common base. Of the cited specimens, the type and
Horne 301 bear staminate flowers, the others being in fruit.

Flacourtia Degeneri sp. nov.

Arbor inflorescentiis exceptis glabra, ramulis crassis teretibus fusco-cinereis
lenticellatis ; petiolis crassis canaliculatis 5-9 mim. longis ; laminis chartaceis sicci-
tate fusco-olivaceis ovatis, 9-15 cm. longis, 5-8 cm. latis, basi rotundatis et in peti-
olum subito decurrentibus, apice obtusis vel obtuse et gradatim angustatis, mar-
gine conspicue crenulatis (dentibus 2 vel 3 per centimetrum), costa supra paullo
elevata subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 7-9 adscendentibus mar-
ginem versus arcuatis et anastomosantibus utrinque acute elevatis, rete venularum
intricato supra paullo subtus valde prominulo ; inflorescentiis ¢ axillaribus breviter
racemosis vel subfasciculatis plurifloris, rhachi pedicellisque dense puberulis, brac-
teis oblongis obtusis 1-2 mm. longis, ramulis lateralibus (infra articulationem
pedicelli) 3-4.5 mm. longis, pedicellis gracilibus sub anthesi 5—7 mm. longis (supra
articulationem) ; sepalis 4 submembranaceis ovatis, circiter 2.5 mm. longis et latis,
apice obtusis, extus glabris, intus puberulis; disco glanduloso conspicue crenu-
lato; staminibus numerosis (circiter 80), filamentis filiformibus sub anthesi 2-3
mm. longis, antheris oblongis 0.7-0.9 mm. longis.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nandrau, vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. about 600 m.,
Degener 14890 (A, type), Mar. 26, 1941 (in forest).

Flacourtia Degeneri differs from the preceding new species (/’. subintegra) in
its conspicuously crenulate rather than subentire leaf-blades, which on the average
are slightly larger. Staminate flowers of F. Degeneri are larger in all dimen-
sions, this being especially obvious when the pedicels are examined. As com-
pared with F. ovata Gillespie, the new species has the leaf-blades thinner in tex-
ture, averaging smaller, more conspicuously and more finely crenulate, and with
more intricate and obvious veinlet-reticulation. When flowers and fruits of both
species are known, other characters of separation may be apparent.

Casearia disticha A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 1: 81 (excl. syn.). pl. 5A. 1854; Seem.
Fl. Vit. 98. 1865; Briquet in Ann. Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genéve 2: 64. 1898.

Casearia Seemanni Briquet in Ann. Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genéve 2: 65, sphalm. 1898.

In the cited publication, Briquet proposes a variety minor of C. Melistaurum
Spreng., basing it upon several New Caledonian collections and also citing: “Tles
Fiji (ex A. Gray l.c.).”” Gray, however, had referred no Fijian plant to C. Melis-
taurum, merely indicating the possibility that his C. disticha would prove to be

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 63

conspecific with the New Caledonian plant. That Briquet did not wish to reduce
C. disticha to C. Melistaurum var. minor is indicated by his subsequent redescrip-
tion of C. disticha. It may be safely assumed, upon the basis of collections up to
the present, that C. Melistaurum does not occur in Fiji; it differs from C. dis-
ticha in obvious foliage characters. Although Gray, in his choice of a specific
name, indicated his belief that the Fijian plant might be conspecific with Melis-
taurum distichum Forst., his binomial is definitely to be taken as a new species
and not a new combination.

Casearia disticha is fairly common in Fiji and appears to be quite variable.
As I interpret the species, it includes the following collections :

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nandarivatu, alt. 850 m., Degener & Ordonez 13588
(A), 13608 (A); Loma Langa Mt., alt. 1200 m., Gillespie 3342 (GH). Kanpavu: Hills
above Namalata and Ngaloa Bays, alt. 200-400 m., Smith, 93, 100, 165 (all GH, NY).
OvaLau: Seemann 11 (GH); vicinity of Levuka, alt. 500 m., Gillespie 4427 (GH).
Vanua Levu: Mbua: Mbua Bay, U. S. Expl. Exped. (GH, type cott.); Thakaun-
drove: Savu Savu Bay region, alt. about 90 m., Degener & Ordonez 13849, 13850, 14184
(all A); Mt. Ndikeva, alt. 500-700 m., Smith 1889, 1906 (both GH, NY). Wirnovut
DEFINITE LOCALITY: Storck 9 (GH); Horne s. n. (GH).

The type collection has thin leaf-blades, with prominulous veinlets on the lower
surface, and comparatively short petioles (2-5 mm. long). Essentially identical
with this are: Seemann 11, Horne s. n., Storck 9, and Gillespie 3342 and 4427.
A form with leaf-blades similar in texture but with petioles 5-13 mm. long is
represented by Degener & Ordonez 13588 and 13608 and Smith 1889 and 1906.
Similar to this, but with the leaf-blades a trifle thicker in texture, are Smith 93,
100, and 165. A form close to the type, but with the leaf-blades inclined to be
distinctly ovate, rather than elliptic, is represented by Degener & Ordonez 13849,
13850, and 14184. The first of these latter specimens has the leaf-blades unusu-
ally large, up to 20 cm. long and 9 cm. broad.

The flowers of the cited specimens are all essentially similar, even in the most
minute details. In view of this, it seems that the various foliage forms are not
worthy of nomenclatural recognition. Closely allied to this complex is the speci-
men described by Gray as C. Richi A. Gray (Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 1: 82.
pl. 5B. 1854; Seem. Fl. Vit. 98. 1865). This may be merely a form of C. dis-
ticha with more compact habit and smaller leaves, but for the time being it is
perhaps best retained as a species. It is represented by Degener 15073 (A),
from Mt. Ngamo, near Ngaloa, Serua, Viti Levu.

Casearia angustifolia sp. nov.

Frutex ad 4 m. altus, ramulis gracilibus subteretibus glabris fusco-cinereis ;
petiolis canaliculatis 2-3 mm. longis; laminis chartaceis siccitate viridi-olivaceis
anguste oblongis, 6-10 cm. longis, 2-3 cm. latis, basi rotundatis vel late obtusis,
apice gradatim acuminatis, margine dentibus callosis circiter 3 per centimetrum
minute serrulatis, pellucido-punctatis vel breviter lineolatis, supra glabris subtus
costa et praecipue in axillis nervorum breviter hirsutis et barbellatis demum gla-
bris, costa supra prominula vel subplana subtus elevata, nervis secundariis utrin-
secus 5 vel 6 adscendentibus curvatis supra subplanis subtus leviter elevatis, rete
venularum intricato supra obscuro subtus leviter prominulo; inflorescentiis axil-
laribus fasciculatis plurifloris, bracteis numerosis puberulis subacutis deltoideo-
oblongis 1-1.5 mm. longis, pedicellis gracilibus subglabris sub anthesi circiter 1
mm. longis obscure articulatis ; sepalis 5 membranaceis imbricatis concavis ellip-
ticis 1.5—-2 mm. longis, conspicue glandulosis (glandulis opacis), evidenter nerva-
tis, apice rotundatis, exterioribus apicem versus puberulis; staminibus 10 alter-
natim inaequalibus, filamentis filiformibus minute puberulis alternatim circiter 0.6

64 SARGENTIA {1

min. et 1 mm. longis, antheris late oblongis circiter 0.3 mm. longis; lobis disci
anguste oblongis circiter 0.5 mm. longis, apice debiliter pilosis ; ovario glabro ellip-
soideo sub anthesi circiter 1 mm. longo, stylo brevi crasso, stigmate capitato cir-
citer 0.4 mm. diametro.

Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Southern slope of Mt. Mariko, alt. 400-600 m.,
Smith 411 (GH, typr, NY), Nov. 14, 1933 (shrub 4 m. high; flower-buds green).

Casearia angustifolia, a member of the Section Pitumba and closely related to
C. disticha A. Gray, differs from that species in having its leaf-margins minutely
but distinctly serrulate with callose-tipped teeth rather than entire or very incon-
spicuously crenulate-serrulate. Casearia disticha has its sepals often thick and
usually opaque, with the veins immersed and the glands either not obvious or
pellucid ; C. angustifolia, on the other hand, has its sepals membranous and trans-
lucent, with obvious veins, and conspicuously punctate with opaque glands. The
leaf-blades of the new species are proportionately narrower than those of C. dis-
ticha and have more ascending secondaries.

Casearia longifolia sp. nov.

Arbor circiter 3 m. alta inflorescentiis et stipulis exceptis ubique glabra, ramulis
elongatis gracilibus teretibus fusco-cinereis leviter flexuosis lenticellatis, stipulis
anguste deltoideis circiter 1.5 mm. longis extus pilosis; petiolis gracilibus canalicu-
latis 5-9 mm. longis; laminis chartaceis siccitate viridibus oblongo-lanceolatis,
10-14 cm. longis, 2-3.5 cm. latis, basi anguste acutis et in petiolum gradatim
decurrentibus, apicem versus angustatis et apice ipso obtusis, margine integris vel
leviter undulato-crenulatis, copiose pellucido-punctatis, costa supra leviter elevata
subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 9-13 arcuato-adscendentibus
utrinque valde prominulis, rete venularum utrinque leviter prominulo; inflores-
centis axillaribus, floribus 1—pluribus forsan in specimine nostro abnormibus,
bracteis numerosis papyraceis obtusis oblongo-ellipticis circiter 1 mm. longis extus
puberulis, pedicellis sub fructu juvenili glabris crassis 2-3 mm. longis; sepalis 5
sub fructu subcoriaceis rotundatis glabris late ovatis, 1.5-2 mm. longis, circiter 3
min. latis; filamentis persistentibus (et staminodiis ac lobis disci?) numerosis
congestis lanceolatis ad 3 mm. longis puberulis basi incrassatis ; fructibus juvenili-
bus ellipsoideis, in specimine nostro 3-4 mm. longis et latis, dense tomentellis,
stylo brevi crasso, stigmate subcapitato.

Vitt Levu: Ra: Vatundamu, vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m.,
Degener 15390 (A, Tyre), June 2, 1941 (tree 3 m. high, on dry forested forehill).

It seems likely that the flowers of the cited specimen are not normal, as the ap-
pendages around the ovary are more numerous than is to be expected in Casearia,
if these are to be construed as old filaments and lobes of the disk. In addition,
the young fruits appear to be sterile and unusually thick-walled. However, there
is no doubt that the specimen represents a Casearia, and its relationship is prob-
ably with C. disticha A. Gray and its allies; it is readily distinguished by its long
and narrow leaf-blades, numerous secondary nerves, etc. Normal young flowers
are desired for the satisfactory placing of the species.

TURNERACEAE
Turnera ulmifolia L. Sp. Pl. 271. 1753.
Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Waina, Maravu, near Salt Lake, near sea-level,

Degener & Ordones 14193 (A) (very common naturalized weed under coconut palms; shrub
about 1 m. high; flowers yellow).

This common American weed may be a recent introduction, as it apparently has
not previously been reported from Fiji. The collectors report it to be very local-
ized. The family is new to the literature dealing with Fijian plants.

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 65

PASSIFLORACEAE
(determinations by E. P. Killip)

Passiflora suberosa L. Sp. Pl. 958. 1753; Killip in Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 19: 88. 1938.
OvaLtau: Near Levuka, alt. 15 m., Degener & Ordonez 13788 (A) (vine, in pasture).
This tropical American species, which has been widely introduced into the Old

World tropics, has been reported from Hawaii, New Caledonia, and the Loyalty

Islands, but apparently not from other parts of the Pacific.

Passiflora maliformis L. Sp. Pl. 956. 1753; Killip in Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 19: 352. 1938.
Vitt Levu: Ra: Nanukuloa, Degener & Ordonez 13673 (A) (vine: an escape).

Previously reported, in the Pacific, only from Rarotonga, this tropical Ameri-
can species is probably becoming naturalized in Fiji.

Passiflora foetida L. var. hispida (DC.) Killip in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 58: 408. 1931;
in Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 19: 494, 1938.

Vitt Levu: Lautoka: Lautoka, near sea-level, Degener & Ordones 13686 (A, US)
(roadside weed; fruit yellow).

This widespread variety has not previously been reported from Fiji, nor has
the species. However, P. foetida is known as a weed in several other Pacific
groups, including Samoa and the New Hebrides; probably some reports of the
species in the Pacific are referable to the variety hispida.

THYMELIACEAE
Gonystylus punctatus sp. nov.

Arbor ad 5 m. alta, ramulis subteretibus gracilibus rugulosis brunneo-
purpurascentibus apicem versus interdum sparse pilosis mox glabris; foliis alter-
natis, petiolis crassis rugulosis subteretibus 10-17 mm. longis juventute sparse
strigoso-puberulis mox glabris, laminis chartaceis vel subcoriaceis glabris siccitate
viridi-olivaceis oblongis, 9-15 cm. longis, 3-7 cm. latis, basi rotundatis vel late
obtusis, apice gradatim angustatis et obtusis vel subacutis, margine integris et
leviter recurvatis, copiose et conspicue pellucido-punctatis, costa supra paullo
canaliculata vel interdum prominula subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrin-
secus 15-20 patentibus cum aliis similibus numerosis interspersis marginem versus
anastomosantibus utrinque acute prominulis, rete venularum intricato utrinque
plus minusve prominulo; inflorescentiis apice ramulorum brevium terminalibus
solitariis ad 9 cm. longis ut videtur pauciramosis et anguste paniculatis, pedunculo
brevi, rhachi ramulisque pilis luteo-cinereis ad 0.3 mm. longis sericeo-tomentellis
demum glabris, floribus desideratis; pedicello sub fructu incrassato ad 5 mm.
diametro rugoso glabro 2-2.5 cm. longo, lobis persistentibus calycis 5 coriaceis
deltoideis, circiter 5 mm. longis et latis, extus pallide puberulis vel glabris, intus
pilis stramineis circiter 1 mm. longis dense hispido-sericeis ; fructibus ut videtur
falcato-ellipsoideis ad 9 cm. longis et 6 cm. latis, basi rotundatis et breviter stipi-
tatis, 3-valvatis (valvis 2 quam altera majoribus), siccitate brunneis, pericarpio
lignoso crasso, mesocarpio transverse fibroso 6-8 mm. crasso, endocarpio coriaceo
pallido, seminibus oblongis circiter 4 cm. longis et 2 cm. latis.

Vitt Levu: Tholo West: Mbuyombuyo, near Namboutini, Tabualewa 15607 (A,
TYPE), June 18, 1941 (tree 5 m. high, in forest; native name: ronga).

The discovery of a species of Gonystylus in Fiji is quite unexpected, as the
genus has previously been thought to have a compact range in Malaysia, the
Philippines, and the western portion of New Guinea. Although our material
lacks flowers, there can be no doubt of its place in the genus, as indicated by the

66 SARGENTIA [1

leaf-texture, venation, etc., and the structure of the fruits. The conspicuously
punctate leaf-blades distinguish the Fijian species from its allies, although several
other species have a similar but less obvious punctation. The fact that the leaf-

Conde
Ww oO
Vil GZ

Zz

ert

Ay

i
iy
ae ze,
&.

—
Vs
=
=

LY
Ss

<a
<t Hut AYR

WTO zp.
cues

ee neee

=~
\

\\
iy
A

\\

KS
nn
LY
SS

iY
S

Ti

Fig. 4. Gonystylus punctatus; a. branchlet from fruiting specimen, X 14; b. fruit, X 14;
c. longitudinal section of dried fruit, X 144; d. portion of leaf-blade in transmitted light,
showing distribution of the pellucid glands, x 1.

blades of the new species are gradually, rather than abruptly, narrowed toward
the apex is also a distinguishing specific feature.

In referring Gonystylus to the Thymeliaceae, I follow the recent informative
discussion of the family by Domke (in Bibl. Bot. 27 [Heft 111]: 1-151. 1934).

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 67

PHALERIA Jack

Fiji seems to be a center of distribution in Phaleria, nine species being recog-
nizable there ; two of these species also occur in Samoa and Tonga, but no others
are known from the Pacific east of the Solomons. Although the genus almost
certainly occurs in the New Hebrides, no specimens appear to have been col-
lected there up to the present. Of the two known Micronesian species, one is
also found in the Philippines and the other is a related species. The early de-
scriptions of the Fijian species were based on rather inadequate material, and
therefore I am redescribing these and indicating their inter-relationship by a key
to the species.

The Fijian species are difficult to separate; one finds that such characters as
leaf-texture, shape, and size, position of inflorescence, length of peduncle, size
and internal pubescence of perianth, shape of faucial scales, length of filaments,
and pubescence of ovary are variable within a species and not very dependable.
The only specific characters which are more or less constant appear to be the 4-
or 5-merous condition of the flower, the external pubescence of the perianth (in
one species), the degree of persistence of the floral bracts and their size, and, in
some cases, the length of petioles.

Key TO THE FIJIAN SPECIES

Inflorescence spicate or pseudocapitate, the flowers occupying the ultimate 5-15 mm., the
bracts none or very soon caducous; perianth 5-merous; fruit thick-walled, the pericarp
WOOCY.; SEaSICEEDIANES |... ..0.4.055 5 «so ors 6 RR ee EI cg os wsicin.s oie 1. P. disperma.

Inflorescence capitate, the flowers congested on a flattened or convex or subglobose receptacle,
often enveloped by bracts (these sometimes soon caducous) ; fruit usually thin-walled,
the pericarp succulent; forest plants.

Perianth conspicuously pale-pilose without, 5-merous ....................2. P. pubiflora.
Perianth glabrous without, 4-merous.
Leaf-blades subsessile (petiole 1-2 mm. long), subcordate at base; inflorescences terminal
or axillary on foliage-branchlets; floral bracts conspicuous, persistent past anthesis.
Perianth 37-43 mm. long; floral bracts (10—) 15-20 mm. long, (8-) 12-20 mm. broad;

leaf-blades 8-12 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. broad. ....................2..3. P. pulchra.
Perianth 45-60 mm. long; floral bracts 7-10 mm. long, about 9 mm. broad; leaf-blades
0-20 cm. dong, 3-/.5. ‘cm. broad’ 322 ee els oe sc ct oe 4. P. ixorioides.

Leaf-blades petiolate (petiole at least 3 mm. long, sometimes 2 mm. in P. lanceolata),
sometimes subcordate at base but then obviously petiolate.
Floral bracts persistent past anthesis, often present in fruiting specimens.

Flowers often 2 or 3 per inflorescence, sometimes several; fruits usually solitary;
floral bracts 4-6, the inner 3 or 4 subequal in size, oblong-ovate, longer than
broad ee aie tee ee co os eles 5 race eae am ren oa. whence enna 5. P. montana.

Flowers (5—) 10-20 per inflorescence; fruits several per head; floral bracts 2, ovate
or broadly ovate, usually broader than long.

Leaf-blades chartaceous or subcoriaceous, elliptic-ovate or oblong-elliptic, 3 or 4
times as long as broad; floral bracts 6-12 mm. long, 8-16 (-—21) mm. broad.

6. P. glabra.
Leaf-blades submembranous or papyraceous, lanceolate-oblong, 5 or 6 times as
long as broad; floral bracts 5-8 mm. long and broad ......7. P. angustifolia.

Floral bracts caducous before anthesis.
Perianth 35-55 mm. long; flowers 6-25 (-35) per inflorescence; leaf-blades 7-20

(-24) cm. long, 2.5—8 (—11.5): emivbtoadee ies os. css oe cee 8. P. acuminata.
Perianth 27-30 mm. long; flowers usually 3 or 4 per inflorescence; leaf-blades 4-8.5
cm. long, 1—2.2 cm: broad ..J2ce:9 er I ae <p eo wes ewe 9. P. lanceolata.

1. Phaleria disperma (Forst. f.) Baill. in Adansonia 11: 318. 1875; Gilg in E. & P.
Nat. Pfl. III. 6a: 225. 1894.

Dais disperma Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. Prodr. 33. 1786.

68 SARGENTIA [1

Leucosmia Burnettiana Benth. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 2: 231. 1843; Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulphur
179. pl. 57 (in some copies). 1846; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 603. 1857; Seem. in Bon-
plandia 9: 258. 1861; A. Gray in Jour. Bot. 3: 306. 1865; Drake, Ill. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pac.
281. 1892.

Drymispermum Forsteri Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 605. 1857.

Drymispermum Billardicri Dec. Bot. Voy. Venus 16. pl. 12 (in Atlas). 1864.

Leucosmia ovata Dec. Bot. Voy. Venus 17. 1864.

Drymispermum Burnettianum Seem. Fi. Vit. 208. 1867.

Phaleria Burnettiana Knuth in Handb. d. Blutenbiol. 3: 522. 1904; Christoph. in Bishop
Mus. Bull. 154: 19. 1938.

Seaside shrub or small tree, up to 8 m. high, the branchlets stout, subterete,
rugulose when dried; petioles rugulose, shallowly canaliculate, 7-10 mm. long;
leaf-blades subcarnose, dark green and shining when fresh, papyraceous and
yellowish green when dried, oblong, 8-16 cm. long, 5—9.5 cm. broad, rounded to
obtuse at base, acute or cuspidate at apex, the costa shallowly canaliculate above,
prominent beneath, the secondary nerves 6-8 per side, spreading, prominulous or
nearly plane above, sharply elevated beneath, the veinlet-reticulation prominulous
or plane on both surfaces; inflorescences terminal on foliage-branchlets, solitary
or rarely paired, spicate or pseudocapitate, the peduncle similar to the branchlets,
1.5-5 cm. long, usually bearing 2 inconspicuous oblong-lanceolate bracteoles about
2 mm. long near its base, the floral bracts apparently 2, soon caducous; flowers
10-15 per “inflorescence, congested on a rachis 5-15 mm. long; perianth 40-53
mim. long, minutely pale- puberulent within, the lobes 5, elliptic-oblong, 6-9 mm.
long, 3-5 mm. broad, obtuse at apex, minutely puberulent within, the faucial
scales obscure, membranous, oblong-deltoid, 0.5-0.8 mm. long, obtuse at apex,
sometimes apparently lacking; stamens 10, the filaments 0.5-4 mm. long, the
anthers oblong, 1.6—2.7 mm. long; disk membranous, 0.5—1 mm. high, undulate at
apex ; ovary obscurely setose distally with pale hairs 0.3-0.7 mm. long, the stigma
oblong-ellipsoid, about 2.5 mm. long; fruit at maturity ovoid-ellipsoid, 14-22 mm.
long, 11-20 mm. broad, strongly rugose when dried, rounded at base, often sub-
acute at apex, the pericarp woody, 4-6 mm. thick, the seeds 2 or rarely 1, about
7 mm. long and 6 mm. broad, the testa thin.

Ovatau: Seemann 383 (GH); north of Levuka, Gillespie 4491 (Bish, GH, NY, UC)
(on seaside cliffs). VANuA MpaLavu: Northern limestone section, Smith 1495 (Bish, GH,
NY, UC, US) (shrub 4 m. high, on seaside cliffs; perianth white; native name: sinw).
Kampara: Bryan 496 (A, Bish) (tree 5-8 m. high, near beach; bark nearly smooth, light
brown; sapwood moderately thick, cream; heartwood yellow-brown; native name: sinu
ndina).

In addition to the cited specimens, I have seen material of the U. S. Exploring
Expedition (GH) and Harvey (NY) from Samoa and Tonga; Seemann also
mentions the species from Viti Levu and gives the native names of simu ndina
and simu ndamu.

Gray (in Jour. Bot. 3: 305. 1865) first pointed out the fact that Forster's con-
cept of Dais disperma appeared to be based on a mixture. He suggested that
the specific name be maintained for the seacoast plant with 5-merous flowers,
which had been subsequently described by Bentham as Leucosmia Burnettiana.,
Nevertheless, Gray did not formally transfer the specific epithet disperma to
Leucosmia, which he maintained as a genus while pointing out that it should prob-
ably be reduced to Drymispermum. Gray then proceeded to describe a new spe-
cies, Leucosmia acuminata, which he supposed to be the second element in For-
ster’s concept. This typification of Dais disperma as synonymous with Leucosmia
Burnettiana has been followed by most subsequent authors.

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 69

Drymispermum Billardieri is based on specimens collected in Tonga, Leucosmia
ovata on a plant from Ovalau in Fiji; the identity of these plants with Phaleria
disperma has been discussed at some length by Baillon (in Adansonia 11: 317-
319. 1875).

The seacoast plant which I have described above is an unmistakable species,
clearly distinguished from others of the genus by having its flowers loosely ar-
ranged rather than strictly capitate. Bentham proposed to base his genus Leu-
cosmia upon it because of the 5-merous flowers, the presence of faucial scales,
the shape of the stigma, and the drupaceous fruit. These characters do not dif-
ferentiate the species from others of Phaleria (or Drymispermum), since 5-
merous flowers occur in other species and faucial scales are the rule.

2. Phaleria pubiflora (A. Gray) Gilg in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. III. 6a: 225. 1894.
Leucosmia pubiflora A. Gray in Jour. Bot. 3: 306. 1865; Drake, Ill. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pac.
281. 1892.
Drymispermum pubiflorum Seem. F1. Vit. 208. 1867.

Small tree, often cauliflorous, the branchlets slender, subterete, rugulose, cine-
reous; petioles shallowly canaliculate, 3-5 mm. long; leaf-blades subcoriaceous or
chartaceous, ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 8-12 cm. long, 2.5-4.5 cm. broad,
rounded or broadly obtuse at base, gradually narrowed to an acute or subacumi-
nate apex, the costa shallowly canaliculate above, prominent beneath, the sec-
ondary nerves about 6 per side, arcuate, with the veinlet-reticulation prominulous
on both surfaces; inflorescences axillary or arising from defoliate branchlets or
main stem, the peduncles apparently fasciculate, 10-22 mm. long, with several
inconspicuous deltoid bracteoles 0.5-1 mm. long near base, the floral bracts soon
deciduous, probably 2, the receptacle convex; flowers 4-6 or perhaps more per
inflorescence; perianth 35-40 mm. long, very slender toward base, pale-pilose
without with weak hairs 0.2-0.5 mm. long, pale-tomentellous within, the lobes 5,
oblong, 5-6 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, obtuse, puberulent on both surfaces, the
faucial scales inconspicuous, deltoid, about 0.5 mm. long, subacute; stamens 10,
the filaments 0.5—-3 mm. long, the anthers oblong, about 1 mm. long; disk mem-
branous, about 1.5 mm. high, crenulate at apex; ovary setulose distally with pale
hairs about 0.7 mm. long, the stigma oblong-ellipsoid, about 2 mm. long; young
fruit ovoid, 12-15 mm. long, 5-7 mm. broad, obtuse at base, acute at apex, the
seed apparently solitary.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Korovou, east of Tavua, alt. 60-150 m., Degener 14951
(A) (cauliflorous tree 3 m. high, in dry dark ravine).

Originally based on a specimen of the U. S. Exploring Expedition, which is
probably deposited in the herbarium of the British Museum, this species was
reported by Seemann from Kandavu, on the basis of his no. 379. Although I
have seen neither of the early collections, the Degener plant agrees with the de-
scriptions in its pilose 5-merous perianth and seems certainly to represent the
species. The above description is drawn up from the latter specimen, the original
descriptions omitting references to dimensions.

3. Phaleria pulchra Gillespie in Bishop Mus. Bull. 91: 21. pl. 23. 1932.

Vitt Levu: Naitasiri: Tamavua woods, 7 miles from Suva, alt. 150 m., Gillespie
2141 (A, Bish, typr, GH, UC).

Since no material of this species has been collected since the type, the original
description is adequate. The species is well marked by its very short petioles,
subcordate leaf-blades, and conspicuous floral bracts.

70 SARGENTIA {1

4. Phaleria ixorioides Fosberg in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 67: 418. 1940.

Waya (Yasawa Group): North of Yalombi, along Olo Creek, St. John 18123 (Bish,
TYPE) (small tree 5 m. high, in woods by stream; flowers fragrant, the perianth white; native
name: tarutaru). Vitr Levu: Serua: Vatutavathe, vicinity of Ngaloa, alt. 150 m.,
Degener 15202 (A) (tree 46 m. high, in forest; flowers abundant, in dense clusters, the
perianth white).

The original description amply portrays this species, which is closely related
only to P. pulchra, from which it is distinguished primarily by the dimensional
characters mentioned in the key.

5. Phaleria montana (Seem.) Gilg in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. IIT. 6a: 225. 1894.
Drymispermum montanum Seem. in Bonplandia 9: 258, nomen. 1861; Mission to Viti
440, nomen. 1862; Fl. Vit. 209. pl. 54. 1867.
Leucosmia montanum Benth. & Hook. ex Drake, Ill. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pac. 281. 1892.

Small slender tree, the branchlets subterete, rugulose, cinereous, often swollen
at nodes; petioles rugulose, canaliculate, 3-6 mm. long; leaf-blades chartaceous,
olivaceous or dark green when dried, elliptic-ovate, 7-11 cm. long, 2.5-5 cm.
broad, obtuse at base, acute or gradually short-acuminate at apex, the costa im-
pressed or nearly plane above, prominent beneath, the secondary nerves 6-8 per
side, arcuate, prominulous above, acutely elevated beneath, the veinlet-reticulation
prominulous on both surfaces ; inflorescences axillary toward apices of branchlets,
solitary or aggregated in groups of 2-5, the peduncle 3-15 mm. long, with a few
deltoid to linear bracteoles 1-2 mm. long near its base, sometimes bibracteolate
near middle, the bracteoles caducous ; floral bracts 4—6, imbricate, papyraceous or
submembranous, oblong-ovate, the outer 2 or 3 about 4 mm. long and 3 mm.
broad, the inner 3 or 4 obscurely nerved, 9-14 mm. long, 5-8 mm. broad, rounded
or obtuse at apex; receptacle convex, the flowers often 2 or 3 per inflorescence,
sometimes several; perianth slender, puberulent within, the lobes 4, ovate, acute,
puberulent on both surfaces, the faucial scales oblong, erose-truncate at apex;
stamens 8, the anthers oblong; ovary glabrous or distally sparsely setose with a
few pale hairs; fruit usually 1 per inflorescence at maturity, oblong-ellipsoid, 8-12
mm. long, 7-10 mm. broad, rounded at base, obtuse at apex, the seeds 1 or 2.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nandarivatu, alt. 800 m., Gillespie 4186 (Bish, GH,
NY, UC) (in wooded ravines at head of escarpment north of Government house); Ra :
Mataimeravula, vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m., Degener 15336 (A) (tree
3 m. high, in forest; fruit red, shiny), Degener 15426 (A) (in forest); Tuvavatu, near
Rewasa, alt. 50-200 m., Degener 15377 (A) (small tree or large shrub, in forest; native
name: simu matiavi).

The cited specimens are the only ones I have seen which agree with Seemann’s
description and plate in having several, rather than two, floral bracts. Although
I have not seen the type collection (Seemann 380 from Kandavu), the species
seems to be well characterized by these bracts, which differ in proportions from
those of P. glabra. In other respects the two species are difficult to separate.
Mature flowers are not available to me, and Seemann did not give their dimensions.

6. Phaleria glabra (Turrill) Domke in Bibl. Bot. 27(Heft 111): 55. 1934.
Leucosmia glabra Turrill in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 43: 37. 1915.

Slender shrub or small tree, the branchlets subterete, rugulose ; petioles canalicu-
late, rugulose, 5-12 mm. long; leaf-blades subcoriaceous to papyraceous, usually
olivaceous when dried, ovate-elliptic or oblong, 7-21 cm. long, (2-) 3-9 cm.
broad, obtuse or acute (rarely rounded) at base, gradually acuminate or cuspidate
at apex, often conspicuously recurved at margin, the costa shallowly impressed
above, prominent beneath, the secondary nerves 5-10 (—13) per side, arcuate or
spreading, prominulous above, slightly elevated beneath, the veinlet-reticulation
prominulous or immersed on both surfaces ; inflorescences axillary or on defoliate

1942) SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II re |

branchlets, solitary, the peduncle 2-8 mm. long, with several papyraceous deltoid-
linear caducous bracteoles 1-3 mm. long toward its base; floral bracts 2, per-
sistent past anthesis, subcoriaceous or papyraceous, broadly ovate, 6-12 mm. long,
8-16 (—21) mm. broad, rounded or rarely subacute at apex, obscurely nerved;
receptacle convex or flattened or subcapitate, the flowers (5—) 10-20 per inflores-
cence; perianth 30-55 mm. long, hispid-pilose or tomentellous within with weak
pale hairs 0.5—1 mm. long, the lobes 4, oblong, 4.5-9 mm. long, 2.5—5 mm. broad,
obtuse or rounded at apex, puberulent within, the faucial scales oblong or oblong-
deltoid, 0.5-1.5 mm. long, subacute to erose-truncate at apex ; stamens 8, the fila-
ments slender, 1-3 mm. long, the anthers oblong, 1.2-1.5 mm. long; disk mem-
branous, 1.2-2 mm. high, crenulate at apex; ovary glabrous or sparsely setose
distally with a few pale hairs about 0.6 mm. long, the stigma oblong-ellipsoid, 1-3
mm. long; fruits several per inflorescence, oblong-ellipsoid or obovoid, 7-15 mm.
long, 5-11 mm. broad, rounded to subacute at base, obtuse at apex, the pericarp
thin, the seed 1 or rarely 2.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 750-900 m., Gillespie 3708
(Bish, GH, UC) (floral bracts green; flowers fragrant, the perianth white), Gillespie 3987
(Bish, UC), Gillespie 4199 (Bish, UC), Degener 14734 (A) (tree 3 m. high, in forest; fruit
dark red); Tholo West: Uluvatu, vicinity of Mbelo, near Vatukarasa, Tabualewa
15562 (A) (native name: mbuimbuita); Namosi: Naitarandamu Mt., alt. 1100 m.,
Gillespie 3362 (Bish,GH, NY, UC); Rewa: Near Lami, alt. 10 m., Gillespie 4614 (Bish,
UC); Naitasiri: Tamavua woods, alt. 150 m., Gillespie 2420 (Bish, GH, UC);
Nasinu, alt. 150 m., Gillespie 3583 (Bish, GH, UC) (slender shrub 2 m. high), Gillespie
3666 (Bish, UC) (fruit bright red). Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Vatunivua-
monde Mt., Savu Savu Bay region, alt. 300 m., Degener & Ordonez 14032 (A), 14035 (A)
(shrubs 2 m. high, in dense forest; fruit red) ; Yanawai River region, Mt. Kasi, alt. 300-430
m., Smith 1819 (Bish, NY) (slender shrub 3 m. high, in dense forest; fruit red).

Although I have not seen the type collection of this species (im Thurn 12 from
Kandavu), the cited specimens agree well with the original description; Turrill
also remarks that the species is common about Nandarivatu. The species is very
variable in leaf-size and texture, but the broad persistent paired bracts, borne on
short peduncles arising from the slender branchlets, adequately characterize it.

7. Phaleria angustifolia A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 101. f. 53. 1936.

Vanua Levu: Mbua: Southern slope of Mt. Seatura, alt. 500 m., Smith 1685 (Bish,
type, GH, NY, UC, US) (slender tree 4 m. high; flowers borne on trunk and branches:
perianth white; native name: numbu).

Since only one collection of this species is known, the original description is
adequate. It is a species showing affinities with both P. glabra and P. acuminata,
but readily recognized by its narrow leaves and small but persistent floral bracts.

8. Phaleria acuminata (A. Gray) Gilg in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. III. 6a: 225. 1894; Christoph.

in Bishop Mus. Bull. 154: 18. 1938.

Leucosmia acuminata A. Gray in Jour. Bot. 3: 306. 1865; Drake, Ill. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pac.
281. 1892.

Drymispermum subcordatum Seem. in Bonplandia 9: 258, nomen. 1861; Mission to Viti
440, nomen. 1862; FI. Vit. 209. p/. 53. 1867.

Drymispermum acuminatum Seem. Fl. Vit. 209. 1867.

Leucosmia subcordata Benth. & Hook. ex Drake, Ill. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pac. 281. 1892.

Phaleria subcordata Gilg in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. III. 6a: 225. 1894.

Slender shrub or tree, to 9 m. high, often cauliflorous, the branchlets slender,
subterete ; petioles rugulose, canaliculate, 4-17 mm. long; leaf-blades chartaceous
or papyraceous or submembranaceous, usually olivaceous when dried, ovate-elliptic
or oblong, 7—20 (—24) cm. long, 2.5-8 (-11.5) cm. broad, subacute to subcordate
at base, acute or gradually acuminate or cuspidate at apex, the costa slightly im-

dz SARGENTIA (1

pressed above, prominent beneath, the secondary nerves 7-12 per side, arcuate,
spreading or ascending, prominulous or conspicuously elevated on both surfaces,
the veinlet-reticulation prominulous on both surfaces; inflorescences axillary or
subterminal, often on defoliate branches or trunk, solitary or paired, the peduncle
3-10 (—30) mm. long, with several inconspicuous oblong-linear or deltoid brac-
teoles 0.5-2 mm. long toward its base; floral bracts 2, papyraceous, orbicular-
ovate, about 3 mm. long and broad, rounded at apex, caducous before anthesis ;
receptacle convex or subglobose, the flowers 6-25 (—35) per inflorescence ; peri-
anth 35-55 mm. long, sparsely pilose within with weak hairs 0.5—1 mm. long, the
lobes 4, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 6-9 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, obtuse or
rounded at apex, puberulent within and sometimes without, the faucial scales
membranous, oblong, 0.7-1.3 mm. long, erose-truncate to subacute at apex;
stamens 8, the filaments 0.5-4.5 mm. long, the anthers oblong, 1-1.7 mm. long;
disk membranous, 0.7-1.5 mm. high, undulate at apex; ovary distally pilose with
weak pale hairs 0.5-0.8 mm. long, sometimes essentially glabrous, the stigma
oblong-ellipsoid, 14.5 mm. long; fruits at maturity usually 3-6 per inflorescence,
obovoid or subglobose-ellipsoid, usually 2-seeded and slightly flattened, sometimes
l-seeded and slightly falcate, (7—) 16-28 mm. long, (6—) 10-20 mm. broad,
rounded or obtuse at base, obtuse or subacute at apex, the pericarp thin, fleshy.

Waxkaya: Beck (Bish). Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Eastern drainage of
Yanawai River, alt. 90 m., Degener & Ordonez 14121 (A) (cauliflorous shrub to 3 m. high,
in open forest; perianth white) ; southern slopes of Korotini Range, alt. 300-650 m., Smith
488 (Bish, GH, NY, UC, US) (tree 5 m. high; flowers fragrant, the perianth pure white;
native name: songo ni wai), Smith 494 (Bish, GH, NY, UC, US) (shrub 4 m. high; native
name: toatoa) ; southwestern slope of Mt. Mbatini, alt. 300-700 m., Smith 621 (Bish, NY)
(slender cauliflorous shrub 1-2 m. high; perianth white), Smith 672 (Bish, NY) (slender
shrub 1 m. high; perianth white; anthers yellow; fruit red) ; Mt. Mariko, alt. 600-800 m.,
Smith 450 (Bish, GH, NY, UC, US) (slender tree 9 m. high; fruit deep red); hills south
of Nakula Valley, alt. 10-30 m., Smith 336 (Bish, GH, NY, UC, US) (slender tree 3 m.
high; fruit red); Uluinabathi Mt., Savu Savu Bay region, alt. 90-180 m., Degener &
Ordonez 13930 (A) (slender cauliflorous tree 4 m. high, in dense forest), Degener & Ordonez
14198 (A) (tree or shrub 2 m. high, in open forest; fruit red, shiny); Maravu, near Salt
Lake, alt. 75 m., Degener & Ordonez 14235 (A). Taveunt: Borders of lake east of
Somosomo, alt. 700-900 m., Smith 928 (Bish, NY) (shrub 3 m. high, in dense forest;
perianth white). Moara: Near Maloku, alt. 300 m., Smith 1338 (Bish, NY) (slender
tree 7 m. high, in forest; fruit deep red; native name: kaw ndamu). YANGASA CLUSTER:
Navutu i loma, Bryan 456 (A, Bish) 457 (A, Bish) (shrubs or small trees 3-4 m. high;
fruit red to purple) ; Navutu i ra, Bryan 467 (A, Bish) (scandent tree 4-5 m. high; fruit
green to red-purple). WitHout DEFINITE LocaLity: Tothill 546 (Bish).

Seemann has reported this species from Viti Levu, from which the Tothill
specimen presumably comes, but it is noteworthy that the species appears to be
abundant on Vanua Levu and rare on the larger island. The cited specimens
have been compared with Samoan and Tongan material, including a U. S. Expl.
Exped. (NY, US) sheet from Samoa which is presumably from the type collec-
tion, although Gray reports the species from ‘Samoan and Fijian Islands.’”’ A\I-
though the type collections of Drymispermum subcordatum (Seemann 381 and
383 [in part, presumably] from Rewa, Viti Levu, and Taveuni) have not been
seen, several of the cited specimens precisely agree with Seemann’s plate.

I have attempted in vain to find characters which would serve to distinguish
P. subcordata from P. acuminata. The leaf-base is variable, even on the same
individual ; the degree of pubescence inside the perianth and on the ovary is also
variable, the ovary being from glabrous to distally setose on plants which are other-
wise quite identical. Number of flowers per inflorescence is not dependable since
the inflorescences associated with the apical leaves generally have 6-10 flowers,
whereas those farther down on the branchlets or on the main stems commonly

7

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 73

have 20-35 flowers. The fruits of most Fijian specimens are very large and
generally 2-seeded, but the specimens collected by Bryan in the Yangasa Cluster
have fairly small fruits, which are usually 1-seeded and not more than 10 mm. long
at maturity. However, in all other respects these Bryan collections are similar
to others from Fiji. Leaf-texture is variable and is apparently due to shade
conditions ; however, the leaves are never as thick as those of P. glabra.

Phaleria acuminata, when non-essential characters are excluded from consid-
eration, is rather weakly characterized by its quickly caducous floral bracts, usu-
ally large fruits, and large comparatively thin and usually acuminate leaf-blades.
The common names of sinu matiavi and matiavi are listed by Seemann.

9, Phaleria lanceolata (A. Gray) Gilg in E. & P. Nat. PA. III. 6a: 225. 1894.
Drymispermum lanceolatum A. Gray in Jour. Bot. 3: 304. 1865; Seem. Fl. Vit. 208. 1867.
Leucosmia lanceolata Benth. & Hook. ex Drake, Ill. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pac. 281. 1892.

Slender shrub, the branchlets rugulose, slightly swollen at nodes; petioles slen-
der, shallowly canaliculate, 2-5 mm. long ; leaf-blades chartaceous or papyraceous,
oblong-lanceolate, 4-8.5 cm. long, 1—2.2 cm. broad, obtuse at base, gradually nar-
rowed to an acute or subacute apex, the costa slightly impressed above, con-
spicuous beneath, the secondary nerves 5-8 per side, ascending, with the veinlet-
reticulation prominulous on both surfaces; inflorescences terminal or axillary or
arising from defoliate branchlets, solitary, the peduncle 2-15 mm. long, with
several inconspicuous deltoid-lanceolate bracteoles about 1 mm. long near its base
and others to 4 mm. long near middle; floral bracts 2, papyraceous, ovate, 5-6 mm.
long and broad, subacute at apex, obscurely nerved, caducous before anthesis;
receptacle convex, the flowers usually 3 or 4 per inflorescence; perianth 27-30
mm. long, faintly pale-puberulent within with hairs about 0.5 mm. long, the lobes
4, ovate-oblong, 5-6 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, subacute at apex, puberulent
within, the faucial scales very inconspicuous or apparently none; stamens 8, the
filaments 0.6-1 mm. long, the anthers oblong, 1-1.2 mm. long; disk submem-
branous, about 0.6 mm. high, faintly crenulate at apex; ovary faintly hispid dis-
tally with a few pale hairs about 0.5 mm. long, the stigma oblong-ellipsoid, about
2 mm. long.

Vanua Levu: Mathuata: “Mountains behind Mathuata” [presumably the main-
land opposite the islet of that name], U. S. Expl. Exped. (US, type); Mbua: Ruku Ruku
Bay, Parham 11 (A) (rambling shrub).

This attractive and apparently rare shrub is readily distinguished from P.
acuminata by the characters mentioned in the key.

LYTHRACEAE

Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) Macbr. in Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 8: 124. 1930.

Vitt Levu: Nandronga: Government Farm, Singatoka, Greenwood 786B (A)
(in wet places in fields).

This American weed has not previously been reported from Fiji, although it is
known from Samoa and other Pacific groups, having usually been reported as
C. balsamona Cham. & Schlecht. The present determination is by Dr. R. C.
Foster.

The family Lythraceae, to the best of my knowledge, has not previously been
recorded from Fiji.

Pemphis acidula Forst. Char. Gen. 68. pl. 34. 1776; Guillaumin in Jour. Arnold Arb. 12:
261. 1931; Christoph. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 128: 154. 1935.

Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Waina, Maravu, near Salt Lake, Degener &
Ordonez 14165 (A), 14189 (A) (small trees, along coast; native name: sanggale). Koro:

74 SARGENTIA [1

East coast, Smith 1033 (GH, NY) (shrub 4 m. high, among rocks along shore; native name:
sanggali). FuLtanca: Smith 1202 (GH, NY) (gnarled tree 1-2 m. high, on limestone
cliff in lagoon; native name: ngingia).

Although P. acidula is reported as common in many Pacific groups, this is
apparently the first record of it from Fiji.

Lawsonia inermis L. Sp. Pl. 349. 1753; Safford in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 9: 306. 1905.
Vitrt Levu: Rewa: Vicinity of Suva, Degener & Ordonez 13627 (A) (cultivated
tree).
It seems advisable to record this widely cultivated plant from Fiji, as it may
become naturalized; it has doubtless been introduced from India.

COMBRETACEAE
Terminalia vitiensis sp. nov.

Arbor multiramosa ad 8 m. alta floribus intus exceptis glabra, ramulis sub-
teretibus cinereis rugosis; foliis apicem ramulorum versus confertis, petiolis
gracilibus 8-15 mm. longis superne anguste alatis, laminis chartaceis in sicco
viridibus ellipticis vel subobovato-ellipticis, 4-7 cm. longis, 1.5—3.2 cm. latis, basi
attenuatis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice rotundatis vel leviter emarginatis
vel obtusis, margine integris et paullo incrassatis, supra minute pustulatis, costa
supra paullo subtus valde elevata, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 4-7 marginem
versus curvatis utrinque prominulis, rete venularum laxo utrinque subimmerso vel
leviter prominulo; inflorescentiis axillaribus racemosis 6-10 cm. longis, pedunculo
brevi et rhachi gracilibus, floribus numerosis pedicellatis, pedicellis gracilibus 2-4
mm. longis apicem versus incrassatis; calyce infundibuliformi 3-4 mm. longo
tenuiter carnoso intus pallide tomentello, lobis 5 acutis deltoideis 1.5—-2 mm. longis
et latis; lobis disci 5 carnosis hirsutis; staminibus 8-11, filamentis filiformibus
glabris sub anthesi circiter 7 mm. demum ad 10 mm. longis, antheris oblongis
0.8-1 mm. longis, loculis apicem versus distinctis; ovarii rudimento nullo vel
subfiliformi glabro ad 7 mm. longo.

Vitt Levu: Serua: Near Mt. Ngamo, vicinity of Ngaloa, alt. about 75 m., Degener
15081 (A, type), Apr. 25, 1941 (densely branched tree about 8 m. high, in forest; flowers
pale yellow).

Terminalia vitiensis is of the relationship of the Samoan 7. Richi A. Gray,
from which it differs in its essentially rounded rather than acuminate leaf-apex,
its glabrous rather than tomentellous rachis, and its pedicellate rather than sessile
flowers.

MYRTACEAE
By E. D. Merritt ANp L. M. PERRY
Syzycium Gaertner

Many generic concepts, both limited and comprehensive, have been published
for the fleshy-fruited Myrtaceae. Of these the largest Old World genus is
Syzygium Gaertner. In our study of the Bornean material, we did not accept the
traditional limits of the genus. After trying to evaluate the characters and varia-
tions in the group, we adopted a broadened concept for Syzygium based on Gaert-
ner’s original description of the fruit rather than on the more fickle floral char-
acters which had been most influential in determining the traditional status of the
genus. At that time Pareugenia Turrill came to our attention. Apart from the
united filaments, the material looked so much like Syzygiwin fastigiatum (BI.)
Merr. & Perry in all its other characters that we were dubious of its generic dis-
tinction. However, since we had found no other instance of the coalescence or

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 75

connate condition of the filaments, we decided to let it wait for future considera-
tion. In our study of Syzygium in Papuasia we found more than one species
with filaments united in varying degrees. Syzygium Schumannianum (Nied.)
Diels (Eugenia neurocalyx K. Schum.) is described as having stamens connate
in four phalanges; we have seen no flowering material. In Eugenia coalita
Greves, Jour. Bot. 61: Suppl. 15. 1923, according to the description, the outer
filaments have coalesced and are subpetaloid. We found a similar situation in
S. spectabile Merr. & Perry; the outer filaments are united in varying degrees
more or less half their length, the inner stamens are single or in tiny phalanges
of 2 or 3. It must be admitted that in these larger flowers the stamens appear
for the most part cn masse rather than broken up into phalanges; nevertheless,
this is a condition of coalescence of the filaments whether the stamens appear as
a mass or whether they appear to be broken up into from four to sixteen pha-
langes, or are both single and in phalanges as in Pareugenia oligadelpha Chris-
tophersen. That is to say, we consider this a highly variable character and for
this reason scarcely worthy in generic consideration. Until further collections
offer some more stable character we believe the species ascribed to Pareugenia
Turrill belong in our concept of the genus Syzygium Gaertner.

Syzygium Brackenridgei (A. Gray) C. Muell. in Walp. Ann. 4: 838. 1857.

Eugenia Brackenridgei A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 1: 521. pl. 61A. 1854.

Jambosa Brackenridget Brongn. & Gris in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 12: 181. 1865.

Pareugenia Brackenridgei A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 109. 1936.

Ovatau: U. S. Expl. Exped. (GH). Kanpavu: Mount Mbuke Levu, dense forest,
alt. 200-500 m., Smith 239 (GH). WurHout DEFINITE LocALIty: Horne 689, 843, 867, 936
(all GH).

Syzygium oblongifolium (Gillespie) Merr. & Perry, comb. nov.

Pareugenia oblongifolia Gillespie in Bishop Mus. Bull. 83: 23. f. 29. 1931.

Vanua Levu: Mbua: Lower Wainunu River valley, thin forest, alt. 0-200 m.,,
Smith 1723 (GH). WurHouTt DEFINITE LOCALITY: Horne (GH).

Syzygium Imthurnii (Turrill) Merr. & Perry, comb. nov.

Pareugenia Imthurniit Turrill in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 43: 21. 1915; in Hook. Ic. Pl. 31:
pl. 3004. 1915.

Vitt Levu: Lautoka: Mountains near Lautoka, Greenwood 36 (A).
Syzygium oligadelphum (Christoph.) Merr. & Perry, comb. nov.

Pareugenia oligadelpha Christoph. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 154: 20. f. 6. 1938.

SAMOA: Upotu. Specimen not seen.

Syzygium nomoa Guillaumin in Jour. Arnold Arb. 12: 258. 1931, of the New
Hebrides, also belongs in this group with stamens more or less united into pha-
langes, although this fact is overlooked in the original description.

Syzygium Wolfii (Gillespie) Merr. & Perry, comb. nov.
Eugenia Wolfit Gillespie in Bishop Mus. Bull. 83: 22. f. 28. 1931; A. C. Sm. op. cit. 141:
106. 1936.

VaANUA Levu: Mathuata: Wainunu-Ndreketi Divide, alt. 200-300 m., Simith 1854
(GH) (slender tree 20 m. high); Mbua: Horne 1100 (GH).

Syzygium curvistylum (Gillespie) Merr. & Perry, comb. nov.

Eugenia curvistyla Gillespie in Bishop Mus. Bull. 83: 21. f. 26. 1931.

Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Southwestern slope of Mount Mbatini, dense
forest, alt. 300-700 m., Smith 609 (GH) (tree 18 m. high); Mbua: Upper Ndama River
valley, dense forest, 100-300 m., Smith 1598 (GH) (tree 10 m. high; flower-buds pale green).
TAVEUNI: Western slope, between Somosomo and Wairiki, woods along stream, alt. 300 m.,
Smith 839 (GH) (tree 9 m. high; flowers white; fruit deep purple).

76 SARGENTIA {1

Syzygium Seemannianum Merr. & Perry, nom. nov.
Eugenia rivularis Seem. Fl. Vit. 80. 1865; non Sysygium rivulare Vieill. ex Guillaumin in
Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 85: 645. 1938.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, along streams, occasionally on
flooded land, Degener 14272a (A) (shrub or small tree 1-3 m. high; flowers white with
greenish yellow tinge; fruit black); Serua: Navua River, Seemann 162 (GH, tsotyPe).
WITHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY: Horne 920 (GH).

Syzygium durifolium (A. C. Sm.) Merr. & Perry, comb. nov.

Eugenia durifolia A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 105. f. 56. 1936.

TaveuNt: Borders of lake east of Somosomo, dense forest, alt. 700-900 m., Smith 919
(GH, Isotype).

Syzygium diffusum (Turrill) Merr. & Perry, comb. nov.
Eugenia diffusa Turrill in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 43: 20. 1915; A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus.
Bull. 141: 107. 1936.

Sysygium aneityense Guillaumin in Jour. Arnold Arb. 12: 256. 1931.

Kanpavu: Mount Mbuke Levu, dense forest, alt. 200-500 m., Smith 224 (GH) (tree 20
m. high; fruit on trunk, orange-colored). TAVEUNI: Western slope, between Somosomo
and Wairiki, forest, alt. 500-900 m., Smith 755, 769, 797 (all GH) (tree 13-20 m. high;
flower-buds yellowish; fruit red). Koro: Eastern slope of main ridge, dense forest, alt.
300-500 m., Smith 994 (GH) (tree 18 m. high; stamens white; fruit red; lumber valued for
underwater uses). WITHOUT DEFINITE LocALItY: Horne 443 (GH).

Superficially the species closely resembles Syzygium corynocarpum (A. Gray)
C. Muell. On comparing the flowers, however, it will be found that the lower
part of the calyx in the latter species is much longer and tends to be fusiform-
clavate in bud, crowned by a globose apex. On the other hand, in S. diffusum
the base of the calyx is relatively short above the articulation with the pedicel,
the bud being much nearer pyriform. We have been unable to distinguish the
Fijian collections of this from an isotype of S. aneityense Guillaumin of the
New Hebrides.

Syzygium Grayi (Seem.) Merr. & Perry, comb. nov.

Eugenia Grayi Seem. FI. Vit. 79. pl. 16. 1865.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nakutu, Navai, alt. 750-900 m., Degener 15028 (A);
Mataivisai, Navai, alt. 750-900 m., Degener 15029a (A); Nandrau, vicinity of Nandarivatu,
in forest, alt. 750-900 m., Degener 14092 (A); Mount Matomba, Nandala, vicinity of Nanda-
rivatu, in rich forest, alt. 750-900 m., Degener 14455 (A). Kanpavu: Seemann 163 (GH,
ISOTYPE). VANuA Levu: Thakaundrove: Between Valanga and Valethi, Savu
Savu Bay region, alt. 0-400 m., Degener & Ordonez 14039 (A); Maravu, near Salt Lake,
forest, alt. 0-450 m., Degener & Ordonez 14161 (A); Yanawai River region, Mount Kasi,
dense forest, alt. 300-430 m., Smith 1803 (GH) (slender tree 5 m. high; calyx and petals
pinkish; stamens white, fruit rich pink); hills between Vatukawa and Wainingio Rivers,
Ndrekeniwai Valley, forest, alt. 200-500 m., Smith 592 (GH). WHdITHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY :
Horne 742,758 (both GH).

The collections from Vanua Levu show considerable variation in the length
of the petiole, one collection having practically sessile leaves, the others with
petioles up to 1.5 or almost 2 cm. long, with the leaf-base varying from cordate
to cuneate. These are wide differences to allow in one specific concept, but the
inflorescences seem to be similar and we believe that further material is needed

before we can be sure of the limits of species variation here.

Syzygium simillimum Merr. & Perry, sp. nov.

Arbor parva 3 m. alta; ramulis teretibus brunnescentibus; foliis coriaceis im-
pellucidis pallide viridescentibus sessilibus oblongis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, 12-17
cm. longis, 3-5 cm. latis, basi cordatis, apice obtuse acuminatis vel acutiusculis,
costa supra leviter canaliculata subtus elevata, nervis primariis utrinque incon-

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II uk

spicuis patentibus circiter 5-10 mm. inter se distantibus paullo irregularibus in
venam intramarginalem inconspicuam 2-3 mm. a margine confluentibus; petiolo
brevissimo ; inflorescentiis terminalibus fere a basi ramosis vel breviter pedun-
culatis, + 2.5 cm. longis, paucifloris, ramis + 5 mm. longis; floribus breviter
pedicellatis, crebre et minute glanduloso-pustulatis; alabastris pyriformibus 6
mm. longis in parte superiore 3-4 mm. diametro; calycis lobis 1.5 mm. longis ob-
tusiusculis ; petalis staminibusque non visis; stylo + 1.5 cm. longo; fructibus
circiter 8 mm. longis subgloboso-ovoideis calycis lobis coronatis.

Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Eastern drainage of Yanawai River, in dark
forest, alt. 20-160 m., Degener & Ordonez 14093 (A, type), Jan. 12, 1941 (sparingly branched
tree 3 m. high; sepals pink; petals pale green; fruit dark red).

The species shows a remarkably strong resemblance to Sygygiwm Beccarii
(Ridl.) Merr. & Perry, of Sarawak, Borneo. It differs in that the leaves show
no glandular punctations, the venation is less obvious, and the primary veins are
somewhat more remote. The flower-buds are slightly narrower and the calyx-
lobes a little longer than in the Bornean collection.

Syzygium nidie Guillaumin in Jour. Arnold Arb. 12: 257. 1931.
Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, dense forest, alt. 750-900 m.,
Degener 14550 (A); Sovutawambu, near Nandarivatu, alt. 750-800 m., Degener 14665 (A).
The flowers are very slightly smaller, and the inflorescences are scarcely as long
and a little more compact than those of the type-collection from Aneityum in the
New Hebrides. The specimens, however, do not show any specific differences.

Syzygium Richii (A. Gray) Merr. & Perry, comb. nov.

Eugenia Richti A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 1: 510. pl. 58. 1854; Seem. Fl. Vit. 77.
1865.

Jambosa Richti C. Muell. in Walp. Ann. 4: 849. 1857.

Vitt Levu: Ra: Vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m., Degener 15490
(A); Namosi: Between Namosi and Navua River, Seemann 164, 165 (both GH).
Moata: Forest near Maloku, alt. 200 m., Smith 1380 (GH) (tree 10 m. high; petals white;
filaments bright yellow). Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Savu Savu Bay region,
alt. 0-150 m., Degener & Ordonez 13884 (A); Mbua: Upper Ndama River valley, dense
forest, near streams, alt. 100-300 m., Smith 1693 (GH). Vanua Mpatavu: Northern lime-
stone section, alt. 0-200 m., Smith 1498 (GH) (tree 9 m. high; petals cream-white; filaments
yellow). Kampara: Limestone formation, forest, alt. 0-100 m., Smith 1255 (GH) (tree
17 m. high; petals and filaments cream-white). WiuitTHoUT DEFINITE LocALIty: U. S. Expl.
Exped. (GH, isotypes) ; Horne 914, 1081 (both GH).

There is considerable variation in the foliage of this material, but we still do
not have a sufficient number of collections to determine whether the narrower
leaved material is a distinct species or not. We have seen no material of Eu-
genia nandarivatensis Gillespie (in Bishop Mus. Bull. 83: 22. f. 27. 1931), but
from the figure we suspect it to be a segregate of Syzygium Richii. We do not
care to try to evaluate it without authentic material for examination. It should
be noted that Eugenia Suzukii Kaneh., of Palau, is remarkably like Syzygium
Richi; further material is necessary to determine whether Kanehira’s species is
specifically different or not.

Syzygium quadrangulatum (A. Gray) Merr. & Perry, comb. nov.
Eugenia quadrangulata A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 1: 511. 1854; Seem. Fl. Vit.
78. 1865.
Jambosa quadrangulata C. Muell. in Walp. Ann. 4: 849. 1857.
Vitt Levu: Ra: Tuvavatu, vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m., Degener
15382 (A). Ovarau: U.S. Expl. Exped. (GH, 1tsotype). WITHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY:
Horne 340 (GH).

78 SARGENTIA {1

Syzygium gracilipes (A. Gray) Merr. & Perry, comb. nov.
Eugenia gracilipes A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 1: 513. 1854; Seem. Fl. Vit. 78. pl.
15, 1865.

Jambosa gracilipes C. Muell. in Walp. Ann. 4: 849. 1857.

Vitrt Levu: Tholo North: Mount Matomba, Nandala, vicinity of Nandarivatu, in
dense rich forest, alt. 750-900 m., Degener 14433 (A); Nauwanga, vicinity of Nandarivatu,
in dense forest, alt. 750-900 m., Degener 14808 (A) (tree 2 m. high; fruit red, globose-
pyriform, about 4 cm. diameter and 3- or 4-seeded; seeds about 1.5 cm. diameter) ; Tholo
West: Mbuyombuyo, forest, Tabualewa 15591, 15606 (both A) (fruit bright red) ;
Lautoka: North of Lomolomo, dense forest, alt. 0-150 m., Degener & Ordonez 13638
(A) (shrub 2 feet high, spreading; fruit pink); Serua: Vatuvilakia, vicinity of Ngaloa,
alt. 150 m., Degener 15142 (A). WIuTHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY: Seemann 158 (GH), U. S.
Expl. Exped. (GH, tsotype).

Possibly Smith 236 (GH) from Kandavu also belongs here. In this specimen
the fruit is separate from a young shoot, but the vegetative characters agree fairly
well with those of the species.

Syzygium vitiense (Turrill) Merr. & Perry, comb. nov.

Eugenia vitiensis Turrill in Jour. Linn, Soc. Bot. 43: 21. 1915.

We have seen no material that conforms to the characters of Turrill’s species.
The type was from Kandavu, on the way up Mt. Mbuke Levu.

Syzygium Gillespiei Merr. & Perry, sp. nov.

Probabiliter arbuscula vel frutex; ramulis novellis 4-angulatis vel compressis
brunnescentibus ; foliis coriaceis impellucidis opacis supra olivaceis minute punc-
tatis subtus brunnescentibus lanceolatis vel ellipticis, 20-28 cm. longis, 4-10
cm. latis, basi cuneatis vel acutis apice acutiusculis (saepissime fractis), costa
supra plana vel prominula subtus prominente, nervis primariis + 13 patenti-
adscendentibus in venam intramarginalem crenulatam 2-4 mm. a margine con-
fluentibus, supra leviter insculptis subtus prominulis, reticulo inconspicuo ; petiolo
+ 3.5 cm. longo, supra subplano; inflorescentiis terminalibus + 6 cm. longis la-
tisque, pedunculo 2.5 cm. longo, ramis ramulisque divaricatis ; floribus non visis ;
fructibus irregulariter obovoideis apice paullo constrictis calycis lobis coronatis,
+ 2.5 cm. longis et 1.5 cm. diametro, umbilico 5-7 mm. diametro et alto, calycis
lobis 4 circiter 3-4 mm. longis.

Vitt Levu: Naitasiri: Tamavua woods, alt. 150 m., Gillespie 2269 (A, TYPE),
Aug. 15, 1927, and Gillespie 2463 (A).

We cannot suggest any apparently close relative of this species. The fruit ap-
proaches that of Syzygium Richii (A. Gray) Merr. & Perry, but the dried peri-
carp is thinner and more easily broken. The smaller leaves in outline are some-
what like those of S. Jambos (L.) Alston, but the petiole is more than twice as
long.

Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & Perry in Jour. Arnold Arb, 19: 215. 1938.

Eugenia malaccensis L. Sp. Pl. 470. 1753.

Vitt Levu: Ra: Vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m., Degener 15501 (A).
Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Vatunivuamonde Mountain, Savu Savu Bay region,
alt. 0-400 m., Degener & Ordonez 14030 (A). Kanpavu: Western end of island, near
Cape Washington, open woods, 0-20 m., Smith 305 (GH).

In looking over our Polynesian material we note that, in this region as well as
in the Solomon Islands, this species grows wild. Furthermore, Guillaumin (in
Jour. Arnold Arb. 12: 255. 1931) cites some sylvan New Hebrides collections
under “Eugenia (§ Jambosa) Richii . . . var. vel spec. distincta?’”” These col-
lections, as we interpret the species, belong to S. malaccense.

1942! SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, ITI 79

MELASTOMATACEAE

MepINILLA Gaud.

Six species of Medinilla have been described from Fiji, but a re-examination
of the genus indicates that two (M. amoena Seem. and M. parvifolia Seem.)
should be combined, while three more appear to be undescribed. In view of the
inadequacy of earlier descriptions, all the species are here described and a key is
proposed. Important specific characters are found in the color, shape, and size of
the bracts (at nodes of inflorescence) and bracteoles (at or near apex of pedicels),
the size of flowers, and to a certain extent in the shape and size of leaves, their
bases, venation, etc.

Three of the Fijian species have been also recorded from Samoa, namely M.
amoena, M. heterophylla, and M. rhodochlaena. It seems probable that M.
amoena does not occur in Samoa and that the specimens so reported are referable
to M. samoensis (Hochr.) Christoph. It is quite likely that the other two species
do occur in Samoa; a specimen collected by Powell (GH) may represent M.
rhodochlaena. The remaining Fijian species, on the basis of material now avail-
able, appear to be endemic. They are not closely related to species known from
the New Hebrides.

Key TO THE FIJIAN SPECIES

Floral bracteoles large, 12-35 mm. long; flowers large, the petals 13-26 mm. long, 8-25 mm.
broad, the anthers 6-8 mm. long, the style 13-22 mm. long; leaves isomorphic, the blades
attenuate to acute at base; montane species, local in distribution, occurring above 700 m.

Young branchlets and inflorescence-parts brown-furfuraceous or farinose; pedicel articu-

late 5-8 mm. below calyx, the bracteoles elliptic, 12-20 mm. long, 5-10 (-18) mm.

broad, stipitate at base, soon caducous; bracts and bracteoles brown when dried.

1. M. longicymosa.

Young branchlets and inflorescence-parts glabrous; pedicel articulate 2-4 mm. below calyx,
the bracteoles ovate, 23-35 mm. long, 15-30 mm. broad, rounded or subcordate at base,
sessile, closely enveloping the flower, persistent; inflorescence-branches, bracts, and
bracteoles persistently bright red; :.ece ee nc ce c cic 2. M. Waterhouse.

Floral bracteoles smaller, less than 12 mm. long; flowers smaller, the petals 6-13 mm. long,
5-11 mm. broad, or less, the anthers less than 5 mm. long, the style less than 13 mm. long;
leaves often dimorphic.

Bracts and bracteoles similar or dissimilar, the bracteoles elliptic or obovate to reniform,

4-14 mm. broad, often clasping and concealing the calyx, persistent and conspicuous.

Blades of larger leaves subcordate or rounded at base, rarely obtuse; dimorphism of
leaves usually pronounced; bracts (at least those of distal nodes) 4-14 mm. broad,
essentially similar to the bracteoles.

Inflorescence amply paniculate, with long raceme-like branches, often on stems (if
associated with leaves often compactly cymose, not conspicuously divaricate) ;
bracts usually 3 or 4 at nodes, rarely only 2, obovate, longer than broad, white;
bracteoles similar to bracts, paired; anthers trilobulate at base, the posterior lobe
GOVIOUS 6 4. Sa 55.0 65:5 54 2 0 os ee oe co's aes oooh 3. M. heterophylla.

Inflorescence divaricate-cymose; bracts paired at nodes and reniform or suborbicular
(at least on distal portions of inflorescence), usually broader than long, pink;
bracteoles similar to bracts; anthers bilobulate at base, the posterior lobe lacking.

4. M. Archboldiana.
Blades of larger leaves rounded to attenuate at base; bracts (even those of distal nodes)
less than 3 mm. broad, conspicuously smaller than the bracteoles.

Flowers large, the petals 12-13 mm. long, 10-11 mm. broad, the anthers 4-5 mm. long,
the posterior basal lobe larger than the two anterior lobes, the style 12-13 mm.
long; bracteoles longer than broad; leaf-blades conspicuously attenuate at base,
the nerves oriented from baSe anny weiner © cscs coe eee 5. M. kandavuensis.

80 SARGENTIA [1

Flowers smaller, the petals 7-8 mm. long, 5-7 mm. broad, the anthers 2-2.5 mm. long,

the posterior basal lobe smaller than the two anterior lobes, the style about 5 mm.

long; bracteoles broader than long or suborbicular; bracts and bracteoles rich

pink ; leaf-blades rounded to acute at base, the nerves often joined for the basal

Belo WG oct cv saeddeeteutcmatsaow wate aeed ataee ae anae 6. M. rhodochlaena.

Bracts and bracteoles more or less similar, obovate- or elliptic-oblong or oblong-ligulate,
small, 3 mm. broad or less, the bracteoles inconspicuous, not concealing the calyx.

Leaves often dimorphic, the larger blades 5—7-nerved, 7-15 cm. long, 4.5-10 cm. broad,

subcordate to broadly obtuse at base, rarely subacute ...........7. M. Kambikambi.
Leaves essentially isomorphic, the blades 3—5-nerved, 2.5-9 cm. long, 1.5-5.5 cm. broad,
attenuate to acute at base, rarely obtuse .............. ccc ee eee eens 8. M. amoena.

1. Medinilla longicymosa Gibbs in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 147. pl. 14. 1909; Turrill in
Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 43: 22. 1915.

Compact epiphytic liana, the young parts brown-furfuraceous or farinose, the
branchlets subterete, cinereous, the internodes 5-15 mm. long; leaves crowded,
isomorphic, the petioles slender, shallowly canaliculate, 10-25 mm. long, the blades
chartaceous or subcoriaceous, brown-farinose on both surfaces, soon glabrous,
brownish when dried, elliptic, 3-7.5 cm. long, 1.5-4 cm. broad, attenuate to acute
at base, obtuse to rounded and often slightly retuse at apex, 3(or 5-)-nerved
from base, the nerves sometimes joined for 7 mm., impressed or nearly plane
above, raised beneath, the veinlets immersed; inflorescence axillary, solitary,
closely brown-furfuraceous on all young parts, slenderly racemose-cymose, (3—)
5-9 cm. long, few-flowered, short-pedunculate, the branches slender, the bracts,
bracteoles, and pedicels pink to crimson; bracts usually paired at nodes, papy-
raceous, often foliaceous, obovate, 4-10 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, rounded at
apex, tapering to a short stipe at base; flowers 3 or 4 at distal nodes, the pedicel
13-20 mm. long, articulate and bibracteolate 5-8 mm. below calyx, gradually
swollen distally ; bracteoles resembling bracts but larger, elliptic, 12-20 mm. long,
5-10 (-18) mm. broad, subacute to rounded at apex, acute to obtuse or rarely
subcordate at base, stipitate, the stipe 2-4 mm. long; calyx-tube subcylindric,
about 5 mm. long and in diameter, gradually narrowed and stipitate at base, the
limb suberect, papyraceous or membranous, 2.5—3 mm. long, entire, the teeth 4,
inconspicuous; petals 4, white, waxy, membranous, often inconspicuously glandu-
lar, obovate, 13-20 mm. long, 8-12 mm. broad, rounded or slightly retuse at apex,
gradually narrowed at base; stamens 8, inflexed at anthesis, the filaments ligulate,
0.8-1.2 mm. broad, 7-9 mm. long, the anthers yellow, oblong, 6-7 mm. long,
trilobulate at base (anterior lobes inconspicuous, the posterior lobe larger, sub-
globose, 1-1.5 mm. in diameter), subacute at apex, dehiscing by a single extrorse-
terminal pore; style white, 13-20 mm. long, the stigma minute.

Vitt Levu: Parks 20917 (UC); Tholo North: Nandarivatu, im Thurn 284
(NY); Mt. Victoria, alt. 1350 m., Gillespie 4125 (Bish, NY); Mt. Loma Langa, alt. 1200
m., Gillespie 3777 (Bish, NY, UC) (epiphyte; native name: wa vutw); Namosi: Naita-
randamu Mt., alt. 1150-1300 m., Gillespie 3158 (Bish, UC), 5102 (Bish, UC). Witnout
DEFINITE LOCALITY: Horne 1039 (GH).

Although I have not seen the type collection (Gibbs 884) of this species, there
seems no doubt that the cited specimens are correctly placed. Turrill states that
the plant is a tall tree, 40 ft. high, but this is surely due to an error in im Thurn’s
field notes; all indications point to the species as a liana, which eventually may
appear to be a compact epiphyte.

2. Medinilla Waterhousei Seem. FI. Vit. 89. 1865; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 87.
1871; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 590. 1891; A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull.
141: 111. 1936.

High-climbing liana, often epiphytic, glabrous throughout, the branches slender,

rooting at nodes, the branchlets subterete or quadrangular, the internodes 15-25

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 81

mm. long; leaves isomorphic, the petioles slender, shallowly canaliculate, 5-20
mm. long, the mature blades papyraceous or chartaceous, elliptic, 4-8 cm. long,
2.54 cm. broad, attenuate to acute at base, obtuse at apex, 3- or 5-nerved from
base, the nerves sometimes joined for 5 mm., nearly plane above, raised beneath,
the veinlets usually immersed; juvenile leaf-blades ovate, up to 9 cm. long and
5.5 cm. broad, conspicuously acuminate at apex (acumen to 2 cm. long) ; inflores-
cence axillary or from defoliate branchlets, drooping, few-branched, narrowly
racemose-cymose, 8-25 cm. long, the branches, bracts, bracteoles, and pedicels
persistently bright red, the branches slender, soft, sometimes appearing winged
when dried; bracts 2 or 3 at nodes, membranaceous or papyraceous, oblong, 9-27
mim. long, 4-10 mm. broad, rounded or obtuse at base and apex, sessile; flowers
1-3 at nodes, the pedicel slender, 15-25 mm. long, articulate 2-4 mm. below calyx;
bracteoles resembling bracts but larger, ovate, 23-35 mm. long, 15-30 mm. broad,
obtuse or rounded at apex, rounded or subcordate and strictly sessile at base;
calyx white, subcarnose, the tube cupuliform, 6-7 mm. long and in diameter, ob-
tuse and short-stipitate at base, the limb suberect, membranous, about 3 min. long,
entire, the teeth 4, obscure; petals 4, white, membranous, obovate, 23-26 mm.
long, 20-25 mm. broad, rounded at apex, obtuse at base; stamens 8, the filaments
white, ligulate, 1.2-1.5 mm. broad, 8-10 mm. long, the anthers rich purple, yellow
at base, oblong-subulate, 7-8 mm. long, obscurely 3-lobulate at base, subacute at
apex, dehiscing by a single introrse-terminal pore; style white, 20-22 mm. long,
the stigma minute; fruit subglobose, 10-12 mm. in diameter, the calyx-limb sub-
persistent, the pericarp thin, the seeds numerous.

Vanua Levu: Mbua: Navotuvotu, summit of Mt. Seatura, alt. 830 m., Smith 1653
(Bish, NY) (in crest thickets; native name: tebiteki vuina motheawa). TaveuNI: Above
Somosomo, toward the lake, alt. 700-900 m.. Gillespie 4848.5 (Bish, UC) (on trunks of
trees in dark mountain canyons), Gillespie 4781 (Bish, NY, UC), Smith 850 (Bish, GH,
NY, UC, US) (in dense forest; native name: tangimauthia) ; summit of Uluingalau, alt.
1220 m., Smith 899 (Bish, GH, NY, UC, US) (in dense forest; native name: tangimauthia) .

The type of this striking species, Seemann 175, is also from Taveuni and was
examined at Kew by the writer. Like M. longicymosa, the present species is
very distinct and is apparently localized in a different series of mountains. The
cited Gillespie specimens are sterile and apparently juvenile, but I have little doubt
that they belong here, in spite of minor foliage differences. Notes on the color
of the inflorescence parts, which are spectacularly brilliant, are incorporated in
the above description.

3. Medinilla heterophylla A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 1: 598. pl. 75. 1854; Seem.
Fl. Vit. 88. 1865; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 87. 1871; Cogn. in DC. Monogr.
Phan. 7: 598. 1891; Gibbs in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 147. 1909,

High-climbing liana, the young parts inconspicuously brown-furfuraceous-
puberulent, soon glabrescent, the branches subterete, stout, often rooting at nodes,
the branchlets slender, terete; leaves conspicuously dimorphic (rarely those of a
pair subsimilar) ; larger leaves: petioles slender, shallowly canaliculate, 12-30
mm. long, the blades chartaceous, ovate-oblong or elliptic, 6-16 cm. long, 410.5
cm. broad, subcordate or rounded at base, acute or short-acuminate at apex, 5- or
7-pli-nerved, the nerves often united to 12 mm. above base, slightly raised or
nearly plane above, prominent beneath, the tertiaries prominulous on both sur-
faces or subimmersed; smaller leaves: petioles none or up to 2 mm. long, the
blades suborbicular, up to 4 cm. in diameter, cordate and often subamplexicaul at
base, inconspicuously 3- or 5-pli-nerved; inflorescence from main stems or ter-
minal or axillary on branchlets, amply paniculate or cymose (when associated with
leaves more compact and often only 5 em. long), up to 50 cm. long, the branches
often puberulent when young, soon glabrescent, few, raceme-like, with internodes
6-23 mm. long and swollen nodes ; bracts white, (2 or) 3 or 4 in whorls at nodes,

82 SARGENTIA [1

persistent, papyraceous, obovate, 7-14 mm. long, 4-10 mm. broad, rounded at
apex, obtuse at base; flowers 2-4 per node, abundant, the pedicel slender, 7—17
mm. long, with 2 apical bracteoles; bracteoles similar to bracts or suborbicular,
clasping the calyx ; calyx white, the tube cupuliform, 4-5 mm. long and in diameter
at anthesis, obtuse or subacute at base, often minutely brownish-glandular-
puberulent, the limb suberect, membranous, 1.5—2 mm. long, truncate at margin,
the teeth 4, minute; petals 4, pale to rich pink, membranous, obovate. 9-10 mm.
long, 8-9 mm. broad, rounded and sometimes emarginate at apex; stamens 8, the
filaments slender, 4-5 mm. long at anthesis, the anthers usually yellow, oblong-
subulate, about 3 mm. long, trilobulate at base (two anterior and one posterior
lobes similar, rounded, about 0.5 mm. in diameter), subacute at apex, dehiscing
by a single introrse-terminal pore; style 7-9 mm. long, the stigma minute; fruit
globose-ovoid, purple to black, 6-8 mm. in diameter, the calyx-limb subpersistent,
the pericarp thin, the seeds numerous, semi-obovoid, about 1 mm. long.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nauwanga, near Nandarivatu, alt. 750 m., Degener
14358 (A), 14528 (A); Mt. Matomba, near Nandarivatu, alt. 750 m., Degener 14641 (A);
Ra: Vicinity of Rewasa, alt. 50-200 m., Degener 15372 (A) (native name: wa nduanilulu;
stems used for tying house frames), 15524 (A); Tholo East: Matawailevu, Wainamo
Creek, alt. 500 m., St. John 18181 (A, Bish) (native name: mimiolo); Serua: Vicinity
of Navua, Seemann 176 (GH); Namosi: Vicinity of Namosi, alt. 400-800 m., Gillespie
2648 (Bish, UC), Parks 20266 (Bish, UC); near Namuamua, alt. 350 m., Gillespie 3038
(Bish) ; Naitarandamu Mt., alt. 900 m., Gillespie 3098 (Bish); Naitasiri: Mt. Kom-
balevu, alt. 350-400 m., Parks 20310 (Bish, UC); Tholo-i-suva, alt. 250 m., Parks 20077
(Bish, UC) ; Tamavua-Sawani road, alt. 200 m., Setchell & Parks 15044 (UC), 15053 (UC).
Ovatau: U.S. Expl. Exped. (GH, NY, US, type); hills above Levuka, alt. 250-600 m.,
Gillespie 4532 (Bish, NY, UC). Kanpavu: Mt. Mbuke Levu, alt. 200-500 m., Smith 249
(Bish, GH, NY, UC, US). Vanua Levu: Mbua: Upper Ndama River valley, alt.
100-300 m., Smith 1582 (Bish, GH, NY, UC, US) (native name: kambikambi) ; Seatovo
Range, alt. 100-350 m., Smith 1561 (Bish, NY) (native name: kambikambi); Thakaun-
drove: Valanga Range, alt. 200-400 m., Smith 383 (Bish, GH, NY, UC, US) (native
name: titoko ni kalou) ; near Valethi, alt. 90 m., Degener & Ordonez 13847 (A). TAVEUNT:
Western slope, between Somosomo and Wairiki, alt. 700-900 m., Smith 747 (Bish, GH, NY,
UC, US). Wirnovut pDEFINITE LocaLtity: Horne 191 (GH).

The abundant color notes accompanying some of the cited specimens are incor-
porated in the description. Medinilla heterophylla, occurring most often in the
forests of middle elevations, is the commonest Fijian species of the genus. Its
ample inflorescences, white bracts, bracteoles, and calyces, and strongly dimorphic
leaves amply distinguish it. In addition to the cited specimens, I refer several
others to M. heterophylla, although they do not represent the typical form:

(1) A form with slightly smaller and less conspicuously dimorphic leaves, in-
florescences apparently restricted to the apices of branchlets, and bracts con-
spicuously narrower than the bracteoles is represented by the following specimens
from Nandarivatu, Tholo North, Viti Levu: Degener & Ordonez 13574 (A),
Reay 11 (A), Gillespie 3173 (Bish, NY).

(2) A form with both bracts and bracteoles much narrower than usual is
represented by a specimen from Koro: eastern slope of main ridge, alt. 300-500
m., Smith 1013 (Bish, GH, NY, UC, US) (native name: kambikambi). This
form appears to be transitional toward M. Kambikambi, which, however, has
colored bracts, etc.

Neither of these forms seems worthy of nomenclatural recognition, since the
species appears to be comparatively unstable ; in addition it may possibly hybridize
with two of its relatives, namely M. Archboldiana and M. Kambikambi, both of
which are here described as new. Although the two mentioned species are prob-
ably recent derivatives from M. heterophylla, they appear amply distinguished on
the basis of characters mentioned in the key.

1942) SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 83

4. Medinilla Archboldiana sp. nov.

Frutex scandens ubique inflorescentiis juvenilibus interdum brunneo-puberulis
exceptis glaber, ramulis subteretibus, internodiis 3-9 cm. longis; foliis plerumque
disparibus interdum similibus ; foliis majoribus: petiolis gracilibus leviter canalicu-
latis 9-32 mm. longis, laminis chartaceis ovato-oblongis vel ellipticis, (7—) 9-16
cm. longis, (3.5—) 4.5-8 cm. latis, basi rotundatis vel subcordatis, apice obtusis vel
obtuse et breviter acuminatis, 5- vel 7-pli-nerviis, nervis saepe ad 15 mm. con-
junctis supra leviter impressis vel prominulis subtus prominentibus, venulis im-
mersis vel utrinque inconspicue prominulis; foliis minoribus: petiolis 1-3 mm.
longis, laminis suborbicularibus ad 3 cm. diametro, basi rotundatis vel subcordatis,
5-nerviis ; inflorescentiis axillaribus vel e ramulis defoliatis orientibus, divaricato-
cymosis, 5-13 cm. longis et latis, ramulis gracilibus patentibus, internodiis 12-25
mm. longis; bracteis roseis oppositis membranaceis vel papyraceis, reniformibus
vel late suborbicularibus, 10-12 mm. longis, 10-14 mm. latis, valde concavis, copi-
ose nervatis, apice rotundatis, basi rotundatis et subamplexicaulibus (inferioribus
interdum oblongis et 4 X 2 mm.) ; floribus 2 vel 3 e nodis superioribus, pedicellis
gracilibus 12-17 mm. longis; bracteolis apicalibus bracteis similibus, 6-12 mm.
longis, 7-14 mm. latis; calycis tubo cupuliformi circiter 3 mm. longo et 2.5 mm.
diametro, basi obtuso vel rotundato et breviter stipitato, limbo erecto-patente
membranaceo circiter 1.5 mm. longo margine integro, dentibus 4 obscuris; petalis
4 membranaceis roseis obovatis circiter 7 mm. longis et latis, apice rotundatis et
saepe retusis; staminibus 8, filamentis ligulatis gracilibus 2.5-3 mm. longis,
antheris oblongis circiter 1.8 mm. longis, basi introrse bilobulatis (lobis obtusis
circiter 0.3 mm. longis, lobo posteriore nullo), apice subacutis, poro unico introrso-
terminali dehiscentibus; stylo filiformi, stigmate minuto; fructibus subglobosis
6-7 mm. diametro, calycis limbo persistente, pericarpio tenui, seminibus numerosis
semi-obovoideis circiter 1 mm. longis minute papillosis.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, Nandrau, alt. about 600 m.,
Degener 14884 (A) (in forest; native name: wa milolo) ; Nauwanga, alt. 750 m., Degener
14366 (A, TyPE), Feb. 13, 1941 (shrubby liana, in dense forest; petals pink) ; Sovutawambu,
alt. 750 m., Degener 14601 (A), 14655 (A); Nandarivatu, alt. 900 m., Gillespie 3164 (Bish)
(liana, the stem 5 cm. in diameter; flowers [bracts, etc.?] crimson) ; 4 miles down Vunindawa
trail, alt. 800 m., Gillespie 4278 (Bish) (flowers pink).

This apparently well localized species is distinguishable from M. heterophylla
by the characters mentioned in the key; the color and shape of the bracts may not
be too stable, and it is to be hoped that future collectors will note the constancy
of color in this genus. Among the cited specimens, only the type bears flowers,
and the anthers of these lack the basal posterior lobe; this character may prove
to be quite dependable, as no flowers of M. heterophylla which I have dissected
lack this lobe.

5. Medinilla kandavuensis sp. nov.

Frutex scandens ubique partibus juvenilibus minute et decidue brunneo-
furfuraceis exceptis glaber, ramulis subteretibus cinereis, internodiis 1.5-4 cm.
longis ; foliis subsimilibus, petiolis gracilibus leviter canaliculatis 7-25 mm. longis,
laminis chartaceis vel papyraceis obovato-ellipticis, (4-) 7-12 cm. longis, (2.5—)
4-7 cm. latis, basi conspicue attenuatis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice obtusis
vel obtuse cuspidatis, e basi 5-nerviis, nervis adscendentibus haud conjunctis supra
prominulis (vel costa leviter insculpta ) subtus valde elevatis, venulis immersis ;
inflorescentiis axillaribus vel e ramulis defoliatis orientibus solitariis vel binis
racemoso-cymosis pauciramosis 5-7 cm. longis, ramulis gracilibus; bracteis
papyraceis 2-4 e nodis obovatis vel spathulato-obovatis, 5-7 mm. longis, 1.5-3
mim. latis, apice rotundatis vel obtusis, basi obtusis vel subattenuatis; floribus 2
vel 3 e nodis superioribus, pedicellis gracilibus 5-8 mm. longis; bracteolis apice
pedicellorum binis membranaceis ellipticis, 9-10 mm. longis, 5-6 mm. latis, longi-

84 SARGENTIA [1

tudinaliter nervatis, apice rotundatis vel obtusis, basi gradatim angustatis et ob-
tusis; calycis tubo cupuliformi, 6-7 mm. longo, 5-6 mm. diametro, basi obtuso et
breviter stipitato, limbo suberecto membranaceo circiter 2 mm. longo margine
integro, dentibus 4 minutis; petalis 4 pallide roseis membranaceis obovatis, 12-13
mm. longis, 10-11 mm. latis, apice rotundatis vel retusis interdum minute mucro-
nulatis; staminibus 8, filamentis albis membranaceis ligulatis 4-5 mm. longis,
antheris oblongis 4-5 mm. longis, basi trilobulatis (lobis 2 interioribus circiter
0.5 mm. diametro, lobo posteriore paullo majore), apice gradatim angustatis et
obtusis poro unico terminali dehiscentibus ; stylo albo filiformi 12-13 mm. longo,
stigmate minuto.

Kanpavu: Hills above Namalata and Ngaloa Bays, alt. 200-400 m., Smith 201 (Bish,
GH, typr, NY, UC, US), Oct. 18, 1933 (liana, in forest; petals pale pink; filaments and
style white; anther-lobes yellow).

The new species shows points of similarity with both M. rhodochlaena and
M. amoena, but it seems to be amply characterized by its large flowers, leaf-shape,
proportions of bracts and bracteoles, etc. Unfortunately I neglected to note the
color of the bracts, bracteoles, and calyx, but from the appearance of the dried
specimens I judge that these parts were pale pink.

6. Medinilla rhodochlaena A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 1: 600. 1854; Triana in
Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 88. 1871; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 602. 1891; Gibbs
in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 147. 1909; Turrill in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 43: 22. 1915.

Liana or subscandent shrub, the young parts brown-furfuraceous, often gla-
brescent, the branchlets slender, the internodes 1-5 cm. long; leaves dimorphic or
isomorphic; larger leaves: petioles slender, shallowly canaliculate, often brown-
puberulent, 8-20 mm. long, the blades chartaceous or subcoriaceous, often sub-
persistently brown-furfuraceous beneath, elliptic-oblong, 6-15 cm. long, (2-)
3.5-7 cm. broad, acute to rounded at base, obtusely acuminate at apex, (3- or)
5-pli-nerved, the inner nerves joined for 5-15 mm., impressed above, prominent
beneath, the veinlets immersed or prominulous beneath; smaller leaves: petioles
1-4 mm. long, the blades oblong, to 4 cm. long and 2 cm. broad or smaller,
rounded at base, obtuse at apex, 3-5-nerved; inflorescence axillary, solitary,
cymose-racemose (often reduced to a single whorl of flowers on a short peduncle),
1—5 cm. long, the branches slender, brown-furfuraceous, often glabrescent; bracts
(2 or) 3 or 4, whorled at nodes, rich pink, papyraceous, brown-furfuraceous,
glabrescent, oblong, (1.5—) 2-5 mm. long, 1-3 mm. broad, obtuse at base and apex ;
flowers 3 or 4 per node, the pedicel slender, often furfuraceous, 2-8 mm. long;
bracteoles paired, apical, clasping the calyx, rich pink, papyraceous or submem-
branous, orbicular or reniform, 4-10 mm. long, 5-11 mm. broad, rounded at base
and apex, broad at base; calyx rich pink, the tube cupuliform, about 2 mm. long
and 3.5 mm. in diameter, rounded at base, often puberulent, the limb suberect,
membranous, about 1.5 mm. long, entire, the teeth 4, minute; petals 4, pink to pale
purple, membranous, oblong-obovate, 7-8 mm. long, 5—7 mm. broad, rounded or
subretuse at apex ; stamens 8, the filaments slender, ligulate, about 3 mm. long, the
anthers oblong, 2—2.5 mm. long, trilobulate at base (two anterior lobes about 0.5
mm. in diameter, the posterior lobe calcarate, slightly smaller), obtuse at apex,
dehiscing by two often confluent terminal pores; style about 5 mm. long, the
stigma minute; fruit subglobose, black at maturity, 6-7 mm. in diameter, the
calyx-limb persistent, the pericarp thin, the seeds numerous, semi-obovoid, 1—1.2
mm. long, minutely papillose.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 900 m., Gillespie 4277
(Bish); Rewa: Vicinity of Suva, Mecbold 8174 (Bish); Naitasiri: Suva Pumping
Station, alt. 30 m., Degener & Ordonez 13748 (A) (in forest) ; Tamavua woods, alt. 150 m.,
Gillespie 2088 (Bish) ; Nasinu, alt. 150 m., Gillespie 3600 (Bish, NY, UC); Central Road,
alt. 230 m., MacDaniels 1154 (Bish) ; Naikorokoro, Meebold 21945 (Bish). OvaLau: U.

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 85

S. Expl. Exped. (GH, US, type), Seemann 177 (GH); upper ridge, alt. 250 m., Bryan 598
(Bish). WutTHoUT DEFINITE LocALIty: Horne 687 (GH).

Medinilla rhodochlaena is readily distinguished by its comparatively narrow
and thick leaves, short and richly colored inflorescences, dissimilar bracts and
bracteoles, etc. Seemann reports the native name thavathava resinga. Color
notes accompanying the cited specimens are incorporated in the description.

7. Medinilla Kambikambi sp. nov.

Frutex scandens ubique glaber vel partibus novellis inconspicue brunneo-
farinosis, ramulis teretibus cinereis, internodiis 2.5—-5 cm. longis; foliis saepe dis-
paribus interdum subsimilibus; foliis majoribus: petiolis plerumque gracilibus
leviter canaliculatis 15-50 mm. longis, laminis chartaceis ovato-oblongis, 7—15
cm. longis, 4.5-10 cm. latis, basi subcordatis vel obtusis raro subacutis, apice ob-
tuse cuspidatis vel obtusis, 5- vel 7-pli-nerviis, nervis ad 20 mm. interdum con-
junctis supra prominulis vel subplanis subtus elevatis vel leviter prominulis,
venulis immersis vel paullo prominulis; foliis minoribus: petiolis 2-3 mm. longis,
laminis suborbicularibus ad 4.5 cm. diametro, basi et apice rotundatis, 5-pli-
nerviis; inflorescentiis axillaribus et solitariis vel e ramulis defoliatis orientibus
et saepe 2 vel 3 aggregatis, cymosis, 5-9 cm. longis, pedunculo ad 4 cm. longo,
ramulis gracilibus interdum cum partibus juvenilibus minute brunneo-furfuraceis ;
bracteis 2-4 e nodis roseis membranaceis obovato-oblongis, 3-8 mm. longis, 1-3
mm. latis, apice obtusis, basi obtusis vel gradatim angustatis ; floribus 2-4 e nodis,
pedicellis gracilibus interdum ad 3 mm. infra calycem articulatis sub anthesi 4-7
mm. longis; bracteolis ut bracteis vel paullo minoribus ; calyce roseo, tubo cupuli-
formi, 2-5 mm. longo, 3-5 mm. diametro, basi rotundato vel obtuso, interdum
minute puberulo, limbo suberecto membranaceo 1-2 mm. longo integro, dentibus
4 minutis; petalis 4 roseis membranaceis late obovatis, 5-10 mm. longis et latis,
apice rotundatis vel subretusis; staminibus 8, filamentis ligulatis 1.5-3 mm.
longis, antheris luteis oblongis 1.5-3.5 mm. longis, basi trilobulatis (lobis sub-
aequalibus circiter 0.5 mm. diametro), apice obtusis poro unico subterminali de-
hiscentibus ; stylo filiformi 4-5 mm. longo, stigmate minuto.

Vanua Levu: Mbua: Lower Wainunu River valley, alt. 0-200 m., Smith 1747 (Bish,
GH, NY, UC, US); Thakaundrove: Yanawai River region, Mt. Kasi, alt. 300-430
m., Smith 1782 (Bish, NY); southern slope of Korotini Range, alt. 300—650 m., Smith 503
(Bish, GH, NY, UC, US); Mt. Mariko, southern slope, alt. 300-600 m., Smith 404 (Bish,
GH, NY, UC, US); Natewa Peninsula, hills south of Natewa, alt. 400-600 m., Smith 1959
(Bish, GH, NY, type, UC, US), June 12, 1934.

The cited specimens were all collected in fairly dense foothill forest and the
native name kambikambi was applied to all of them. While this is often used
as a more or less generic term for the lowland species of Medinilla in Fiji, it is
perhaps more strictly referred to the forms with colored bracts, at least on Vanua
Levu. Color notes are incorporated in the description. While M. Kambikambi
shows a similarity to M. amoena in its reduced bracts and bracteoles, foliage dif-
ferences seem to differentiate it.

8. Medinilla amoena Seem. Fl. Vit. 88. 1865; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 87. 1871;
Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 590. 1891.
Medinilla parvifolia Seem. Fl. Vit. 89. 1865; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 89, as M.
parviflora, 1871; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 603, as M. parviflora. 1891; Gillespie
in Bishop Mus. Bull. 83: 26. f. 33. 1931.

Liana or shrub, probably subscandent, the stem often appressed to tree-trunks,
the young parts brown-furfuraceous, glabrescent, the branchlets terete, the inter-
nodes 8-30 mm. long; leaves essentially isomorphic, the petioles slender, shal-
lowly canaliculate, 5-25 mm. long, the blades chartaceous, glabrous (or sparsely

86 SARGENTIA [1

brown-furfuraceous when young), elliptic, 2.5-9 cm. long, 1.5—5.5 cm. broad, at-
tenuate to acute at base (rarely obtuse), obtusely cuspidate at apex, 3- or 5-pli-
nerved, the nerves often joined slightly above base, prominulous or plane above,
prominent or sharply elevated beneath, the veinlets immersed ; inflorescences axil-
lary, usually solitary, racemose- or paniculate-cymose, 2-7 cm. long, the branches
slender, brown-puberulent or stellate-furfuraceous, glabrescent, often reddish;
bracts (2—-) 4, whorled at nodes, submembranous or papyraceous, oblong-ligulate,
usually 2-4 mm. long and 0.7-1.5 mm. broad (the lower ones sometimes to 10
mm. long and 3 mm. broad), obtuse at apex, obtuse or gradually narrowed to a
short stipe at base; flowers 2 or 3 per node, the pedicel slender, puberulent or
furfuraceous, glabrescent, often reddish, 2.5-5 (—15 in fruit) mm. long; brac-
teoles paired (pedicellary articulation sometimes to 2 mm. below calyx), similar
to bracts, elliptic-oblong or oblong-obovate, at length caducous ; calyx-tube cupuli-
form, 2.5—-4 mm. long and in diameter at anthesis, obtuse at base and sometimes
abruptly narrowed to a short stipe, often puberulent, the limb suberect, mem-
branous, 1—-1.5 mm. long, entire, the teeth 4, minute; petals 4, pink to purple,
membranous, obovate-oblong to obovate-spatulate, (3-) 6-7.5 mm. long and
broad, obtuse or rounded at apex; stamens 8, the filaments slender, ligulate,
1.5-3.5 mm. long, the anthers yellow, oblong-subulate, 1.5-2 mm. long, trilobulate
at base (two anterior lobes about 0.5 mm. in diameter, the posterior lobe slightly
larger), obtuse at apex, dehiscing by a single terminal pore; style filiform, to 6
mm. long, the stigma minute; fruit subglobose, black at maturity, 6-7 mm. in
diameter, the calyx-limb persistent, the pericarp thin, the seeds numerous, semi-
obovoid, 1-1.2 mm. long, minutely papillose.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 800-900 m., Degener &
Ordones 13571 (A), Gillespie 4183 (Bish), 4234 (Bish, NY); Nandrau, near Nandarivatu,
alt. about 600 m., Degener 14883 (A) (native name: lewandomondomo); Mt. Matomba,
near Nandarivatu, alt. 790 m., Degener 14461 (A) (native name: mathou); Namosi:
Vicinity of Namosi, alt. about 450 m., Gillespie 2875 (Bish, UC) (native name: mimiloro),
Seemann 182 (GH, type coy.) ; slopes of Mt. Voma, alt. 550 m., Gillespie 2895 (Bish, NY,
UC); Serua: Negaloa, alt. near sea-level, Degener & Ordonez 13616 (A). OvaLau:
Hills above Levuka, alt. 300-350 m., Gillespie 4486 (Bish), 4551 (Bish, NY, UC). Vanua
Levu: Mbua: Navotuvotu, summit of Mt. Seatura, alt. 830 m., Smith 1666 (Bish, GH,
NY, UC, US), 1677 (Bish, NY, US); Thakaundrove: Uluinabathi Mt., Savu Savu
Bay region, alt. 150 m., Degener & Ordonez 13939 (A).

The cited specimens were collected in forest or in upland thickets; the color
of bracts and bracteoles has not been noted but apparently they are pale pink.
While I have not directly compared the type of M. parvifolia with most of the
above-cited specimens, I examined it at Kew in 1935 and concluded that it was
identical with Smith 1666, a specimen with unusually small leaves and with
bracts and bracteoles larger than average. This plant was growing in an exposed
position in crest-thickets, and it may be assumed that Seemann 178, the type of
M. parvifolia, collected on the summit of Mt. Voma in Namosi Province, was
taken from a similarly exposed plant. In view of the gradations present in the
specimens now available, I do not believe that Seemann’s two species can be main-
tained. The four Gillespie specimens, upon which his redescription of M. parvi-
folia was based, are precisely similar to the type collection of M. amoena.

Ciipemta D. Don

Clidemia has apparently not been previously reported from the Pacific in
strictly botanical literature, a rather surprising fact, since one species has become
the most pernicious weed in Fiji and is to be looked for in other groups.

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 87

Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don in Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 309. 1823; in DC. Prodr. 3: 157.
1828; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 986. 1891.

Viti Levu: Tholo North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 750 m., Degener 14266 (A)
(naturalized shrub to 2 m. high, in open forest; petals white); Rewas: Suva Bay, near
sea-level, Bryan 187 (A, Bish) (low shrub along roadsides; petals white; fruit purple; local
name: Koster’s curse); Naitasiri: Tamavua, Gillespie 2015 (Bish, NY). Kanpavu:
Hills above Namalata and Ngaloa Bays, alt. 200-400 m., Smith 119 (Bish, GH, NY) (low
shrub, to 1 m. high, on edge of forest; petals white to pink). Vanua Levu: Mbua:
Southern portion of Seatovo Range, alt. 100-350 m., Smith 1703 (Bish, NY) (shrub 1-3 m.
high, forming dense thickets in dry forest; petals white; fruit deep purple; a common per-
nicious weed; native name: kaurasinga).

This extremely abundant shrub often forms impenetrable masses in dryish
forest, spreading with great rapidity in areas which are subject to the depredations
of wild cattle. Its control, and if possible its eradication, are major problems
for agriculturists in Fiji. Discussions of the species in Fiji have appeared in
agricultural journals, the record being given here merely to introduce the name
into the more specialized literature.

ASTRONIDIUM A. Gray

In proposing the genus Astronidium for a single Fijian species, Gray (in Proc.
Am. Acad. 3: 53. 1853; Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 1: 581. 1854) differentiated
it from Astronia Bl. on the basis of its tetramerous flowers, calcarate anthers, and
minute stigma. The genus was maintained by Seemann, who added a second
species, but the monographers of the family, Triana and Cogniaux, submerged
it in Astronia. Markgraf (in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 12: 47-50. 1934)
pointed out that the genus should be maintained, on the basis of much stronger
characters than those mentioned by Gray, and enlarged to include all the Poly-
nesian species, some of the Papuasian ones, and one species from Borneo. Some
recent students including Christophersen (in Bishop Mus. Bull. 154: 31-34.
1938) have accepted this separation, and on re-examination of the group the
present writer finds that the two genera are sharply distinct.

The species of Astronia, as first pointed out by Merrill (in Philip. Jour. Sci.
Bot. 8: 337. 1913), are polygamo-dioecious (very frequently if not always),
while Astronidium always has perfect flowers. The calyx-lobes of Astronia are
isomerous and apparent in the bud, while the calyces of Astronidium remain
closed much later and then usually rupture irregularly. Staminal differences
between the two genera are pronounced. A difference which I have not seen
elsewhere emphasized and which is very constant is to be found in the ovulation.
The ovary-cells of Astronia are 2 (in all the specimens which I have examined,
although 4 are mentioned in some descriptions) and the placentas are flat or pul-
vinate, with erect seeds. In Astronidium the ovary-cells are 4 to several (rarely
2 or 3), and the placentas are erect and clavate, with radiating seeds. The pla-
cental character is especially obvious in fruits after the wall has split and the
seeds fallen. Differences between the two genera are thus expressed in a key:

Plants polygamo-dioecious, some with perfect and others with staminate flowers; calyx-lobes
apparent in bud, marked by radiating lines on the summit, the limb usually isomerously
dentate; anthers about as broad as long, the connective conspicuously enlarged dorsally,
the locules short, the basal spur none; ovary 2(—4?)-celled, the placentas inconspicuous,
flattened or pulvinate, the seeds erect ............00 cece cscs cece ccccens Astronia BI.

Plants always with perfect flowers; calyx-bud closed, without indication of lobes, at length
irregularly (or usually so) rupturing; anthers much longer than broad, the connective
not dorsally enlarged, the locules elongate, occupying the entire long inner face of the

88 SARGENTIA {1

connective, the basal spur straight, slender, rarely lacking (always present in Fijian
species) ; ovary 4+-several-celled (rarely 2- or 3-celled), the placentas conspicuous, erect,
clavate, the seeds divergent .........cccccccccccsvccccccseccceeed dstronidium A. Gray.

Many Pacific species originally described in Astronia have already been trans-
ferred to Astronidium. However, the following combinations, based on the only
two species of the group thus far described from the New Hebrides, are neces-
sary: Astronidium aneityense (Guillaumin) comb. nov. (Astronia aneityensis
Guillaumin in Jour. Arnold Arb. 12: 261. 1931); Astronidium banksianum
(Guillaumin) comb. nov. (Astronia banksiana Guillaumin in Jour. Arnold Arb.
12: 261. 1931). Neither of these species has very close relatives among the
Fijian species of Astronidium.

I am able to distinguish 12 species of the genus in Fiji. Astronia fraterna
A. Gray was reported from Fiji by Seemann (FI. Vit. 85. 1865) on the basis of
a sterile branch collected by Milne on Viti Levu. One may be sure that this
is a misidentification. The type of Astronia fraterna, from the Societies, is most
similar, among Fijian species, to Astronidium parviflorum, but it has 5-merous
flowers, a larger calyx-limb, a more compact inflorescence, and smaller leaves.

Two Fijian species have been reported from Samoa, one of them being Astro-
nidium parviflorum, Samoan records of which I have not personally verified.
Astronia confertiflora was reported from Samoa by Reinecke, but Christophersen
(in Bishop Mus. Bull. 154: 34. 1938) expresses doubt of the determination.
As to the only other species believed to occur in both Samoa and Fiji, Astro-
nidium Pickeringu A. Gray (with two varieties), I have concluded that Gray’s
concept includes two species; these are discussed below under Astronidium
victoriae.

KerY TO THE FIJIAN SPECIES

Leaf-blades glabrous beneath (sometimes brown-furfuraceous on nerves and sparsely so on
surface, but not persistently so).

Flowers comparatively small, the calyx 2-6 mm. long and in diameter at anthesis, the lobes
inconspicuous, less than 1 mm. long, the petals 4-6, less than 7 mm. long and 4 mm.
broad, the anthers 2-5 mm. long; mature fruit 3-8 mm. in diameter.

Pedicels less than 1 mm. long, the flowers and fruits essentially sessile; tomentum or
puberulence of inflorescence-branches and calyx often persistent in fruiting speci-
MIGHE: sony eyo. ng oie sae a sae ane ea ais f HES ee oan lone aacee 1. A. confertiflorum.

Pedicels at least 1.5 mm. long, obvious.

Calyx splitting into 4-6 lobes (these rarely to 8 in fruiting calyces).
Leaf-blades more than twice as long as broad; petals 4, small, 2.5-3 mm. long; calyx
at anthesis 2-3 mm. long; anthers 2-2.5 mm. long ..........2. A. parviflorum.
Leat-blades less than twice as long as broad; petals 5 or 6, larger, 5-7 mm. long;
calyx at anthesis 44.5 mm. long; anthers 3.5-4.5 mm. long ..3. A. floribundum.
Calyx splitting into 8-11 lobes or more or essentially truncate.
Leaf-blades elliptic or oblong or ovate, the outer collecting nerves usually more than
1 mm. from margin; calyx about as broad as long, minutely furfuraceous-
lepidote when young, often persistently so, the limb erect and with small but
obvious lobes; anthers 3.5 mm. long or less ..........0.00ee eee 4. A. victoriae.
Leaf-blades elliptic to obovate, the outer collecting nerves less than 1 mm. from
margin; calyx broader than long, glabrous, the limb incurved and essentially
truncate at apex; anthers 4-5 mm. long ....................... 5. A. inflatum.

Flowers comparatively large, the calyx 7-12 mm. long and in diameter at anthesis, the
lobes large, 1-5 mm. long, the petals 6-10, large, 7-12 mm. long, 3-7 mm. broad, the
anthers 5-9 mm. long; mature fruit 10-15 mm. in diameter.

Leaf-blades large, 11-27 cm. long, 5-17 cm. broad, 5-nerved, the 4th and 5th nerves 2-7
mm. within margin, paralleled by a fainter collecting-nerve.

Leaves petiolate, the 3 principal nerves joined less than 2.5 cm. above base, the petioles
Dre CIOs OND aces ae oeees ad sot eine hee avee Geeta eds ep aee ee cea tens 6. A. robustwn.

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 89

Leaves sessile, the 3 principal nerves joined 3-4 cm. above base ......... 7. A. sessile.
Leaf-blades smaller, 7-14 cm. long, 3-6.5 cm. broad, 3-nerved, the 4th and 5th nerves

inconspicuous, 1 mm. or less from margin.
Inflorescence compact, few-flowered, not more than 9 cm. broad even in fruit; pedicels
3-8 mm. long; petals about 12 mm. long and 7 mm. broad; anthers about 7 mm.

OTIS Mee caters ets acta tess ote Pavone ns tere neti sears tattrese ss ree as ee ere 8. A. macranthum.
Inflorescence ample, many-flowered, 9-17 cm. broad; pedicels 1 mm. long or less;
petals 7-8 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad; anthers 5—5.5 mm. long ..... 9. A. Degeneri.

Leaf-blades densely and persistently brown-pubescent beneath.

Leaves small, the blades 5-9 cm. long, 2-4.5 cm. broad, the lower surfaces, inflorescence-
branches, calyces, etc., completely obscured by a layer of minute ciliolate or substellate
Scales less than Ole mm,it) diameter... << ese sce eee eee 10. A. tomentosum.

Leaves larger, the blades 10-22 cm. long, 4-12 cm. broad, the lower surfaces, inflorescence-
branches, calyces, etc., less closely pubescent than the preceding, the hairs simple,
spreading.

Inflorescences, leaf-blades beneath, etc., subhispid with subulate hairs 1-2.5 mm. long.
11. A. Storckii.
Inflorescences, leaf-blades beneath, etc., tomentellous or puberulent with often clavate
ears 2-0 Si: | JOU 5c 0%: 6s et a cee od ey doe oe 12. A. kasiense.

1. Astronidium confertiflorum (A. Gray) Markgraf in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 12: 49.
1934.

Astronia confertiflora A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 1: 579. 1854: Seem. Fl. Vit. 86.
1865; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 152, as A. consertiflora, 1871; Cogn. in DC.
Monogr. Phan. 7: 1097. 1891.

Tree or shrub to 10 m. high, the young parts usually densely brown-
furfuraceous-puberulent, at length glabrescent, the branchlets subterete or distally
quadrangular ; petioles slender, canaliculate, 2-5 (—7) cm. long; leaf-blades papy-
raceous to subcoriaceous, elliptic, 9-18 cm. long, 3-10 cm. broad, obtuse to ob-
scurely subcordate at base, gradually narrowed to an acute or cuspidate apex,
slightly recurved at margin, the principal nerves 3 or 5, sometimes united for 1
cm., impressed or nearly plane above, prominent and often conspicuously puberu-
lent beneath, the marginal collecting nerves inconspicuous, the cross-veins faintly
impressed or plane above and prominulous beneath; inflorescence terminal, tri-
chotomously cymose, many-flowered, often persistently furfuraceous-puberulent,
5-9 cm. long, 8-15 cm. broad, the branchlets often flattened, the bracts sub foli-
aceous, about 7 by 3 mm. or larger, caducous, the bracteoles similar or linear,
4-5 mm. long, acute; flowers crowded at ends of ultimate branchlets, the pedicels
1 mm. long or less; calyx coriaceous, obscurely furfuraceous-peltate with minute
scales, glabrescent, cupuliform, about 4 mm. long and 3.5 mm. in diameter, the
limb erect and about 1.5 mm. long at anthesis, irregularly splitting into 8-10
oblong obtuse lobes 0.7-1 mm. long and 0.7-1.5 mm. broad; petals 4 or 5, oblong,
about 3.5 mm. long, 2—2.5 mm. broad, rounded at apex; stamens 8 or 10, the
filaments carnose, ligulate, about 2.5 mm. long, the anthers oblong, about 2.5 mm.
long, recurved at apex, the basal spur acute, about 0.7 mm. long; style carnose,
about as long as petals ; locules 4 or 5; fruit depressed-globose, 3.5—6 mm. in diam-
eter, often puberulent, the calyx-limb with 8-16 lobes, the mature placentas usu-
ally 5, rarely 4, clavate, 1-2 mm. long, retuse or truncate at apex, the seeds obo-
void, 0.7-1 mm. long.

Vitt Levu: Rewa: Near Suva, alt. about 200 m., Bryan 365 (Bish) (tree 4-5 m.
high, in rain-forest near stream, the bark gray-brown, nearly smooth); Naitasiri:
Central Road, alt. 230 m., MacDaniels 1139 (Bish) (tree 10 m. high, in rain-forest): Mt.
Korombamba, alt. 500-600 m., Gillespie 2348 (Bish, UC) (woods near summit), Gillespie
2389 (Bish, UC) (summit), Parks 20338 (Bish, UC) (tree 4 m. high, on cliff near summit).
Vanua Levu: Mbua: Mbua Bay region, U. S. Expl. Exped. (GH, US, type); upper
Ndama River valley, alt. 100-300 m., Smith 1600 (Bish, GH, NY, UC, US) (shrub 4 m.
high, in dense forest; native name: ndava). Taveunt: Mountain slopes above Somosomo,
alt. 650 m., Gillespie 4833 (Bish, NY, UC) (common small tree).

90 SARGENTIA {1

The first five species of my key are closely related and not always easy to dis-
tinguish, but A. confertiflorum is quite distinct on the basis of its subsessile
flowers and fruits. Presence of tomentum on the inflorescence-branches or its
persistence is not an entirely dependable character in this group of species, but
in A. confertiflorum it seems more persistent than in its relatives.

2. Astronidium parviflorum A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 53. 1853; Bot. U. S. Expl.
Exped. 1: 582. pl. 72C. 1854; Seem. Fl. Vit. 87. 1865; Markgraf in Notizbl. Bot.
Gart. Berlin 12: 49. 1934.

Astronia parviflora Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 152. 1871; Cogn. in DC. Monogr.

Phan. 7: 1099. 1891.

Small tree, up to 7 m. high, the young parts glabrous or occasionally brown-
furfuraceous-puberulent and soon glabrescent, the branchlets subterete or distally
quadrangular ; petioles slender, 13-40 mm. long; leaf-blades chartaceous, elliptic,
6-18 cm. long, 2.5-8 cm. broad, obtuse to subattenuate at base, obtuse or acute
at apex, slightly recurved at margin, the principal nerves 3, sometimes united for
1 cm., lightly impressed above and subprominent beneath, the marginal collecting-
nerve inconspicuous, prominulous beneath, the cross-veins plane above and pro-
minulous beneath; inflorescence terminal, trichotomously cymose, usually gla-
brous, 6-12 cm. long, 7-15 cm. broad, the branchlets somewhat flattened, the
bracts elliptic, short-stipitate, 7-9 mm. long, soon deciduous, the bracteoles cadu-
cous ; flowers usually in threes at apices of ultimate branchlets, the pedicels slender,
1.5-4 mm. long; calyx lepidote with scattered minute reddish peltate scales, gla-
brescent, cupuliform, 2-3 mm. long and in diameter, the limb erect, 0.7-1.5 mm.
long, splitting into 4 or 5 (rarely 8) lobes, the lobes broadly ovate, 0.3-1 mm.
long, 1-2 mm. broad, obtuse or apiculate at apex; petals 4, submembranous,
oblong, 2.5—3 mm. long, 1.5—2 mm. broad, obtuse or subacute at apex; stamens 8
(rarely 6), the filaments thin-carnose, ligulate, 1.5-2.5 mm. long, the anthers
oblong, 2—2.5 mm. long, recurved or obtuse at apex, the basal spur acute, 0.5-1
mm. long; style 2-3.5 mm. long, the locules usually 4 (rarely 2 or 3); fruit
depressed-subglobose, 3—5 mm. in diameter, the mature placentas usually 4 (rarely
2 or 3), clavate, 1-1.5 mm. long, flattened or slightly retuse at apex, the seeds
obovoid or dolabriform, 0.8-1.2 mm. long.

Vitt Levu: Namosi: Voma Mt., Seemann 173 (GH); Vakarongasiu Mt., alt. 900
m., Gillespie 3257 (Bish) ; Naitarandamu Mt., alt. 1100-1250 m., Gillespie 3240 (Bish, NY,
UC), 3347 (Bish, NY, UC), 3373 (Bish, UC). OvaLau (or Mpau?): U.S. Expl. Exped.
(GH, NY, US, type). Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Mt. Uluingala, Natewa
Peninsula, alt. 600-820 m., Smith 1987 (Bish, GH, NY, UC, US) (shrub 4 m. high, in dense
forest). TAveUNI: Western slope, between Wairiki and Somosomo, alt. 400 m., Simith
725 (Bish, GH, NY, UC, US) (shrub 5 m. high, in forest; petals, stamens, and style white ;
native name: mothe lutu). WITHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY: Horne 1038 (GH).

Astronidium parviflorum, the genotype, is readily enough distinguished by its
small 4-merous flowers; this and the next are the only species of the genus in
which I have noted fewer than 4 ovary-cells. When flowers are lacking, A.
parviflorum is difficult to distinguish from its allies. However, it may be distin-
guished from A. floribundum by its leaf-shape and from A. victoriae by the fewer
lobes of its usually smaller calyx in fruit.

3. Astronidium floribundum (Gillespie) comb. nov.

Astronia floribunda Gillespie in Bishop Mus. Bull. 83: 24. f. 30. 1931.

Vitt Levu: Naitasiri: Southeastern slopes of Korombamba Mt., alt. 400 m.,
Gillespie 2246 (Bish, type, GH, UC).

The original description, based on the only known collection of the species,
is adequate. The relationship of A. floribundum to A. parviflorum is indicated
by the lepidote calyx with comparatively few lobes. The two species are amply

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 91

distinguished by floral and foliage characters. Gillespie reports the type-locality
as being in the province of Rewa, but Korombamba Mt. is on the boundary of that
province and Naitasiri, and the southeastern slopes presumably lie in Naitasiri.
I note that the petals are often 6 and somewhat larger than the original descrip-
tion implies, being up to 7 by 4 mm.; the stamens are 10 or 12, the anthers up to
4.5 mm. long; the ovary-cells appear to be usually 3 as noted by Gillespie but
some variation is to be anticipated in this character.

4. Astronidium victoriae (Gillespie) comb. nov.
Astronia Pickeringti A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 1: 577, in part. 1854; Triana in
Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 152. 1871.
Astronia Pickeringii var. vitiensis A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 1: 578. pl. 72B (excl.
f. 1-8). 1854; Seem. FI. Vit. 86. 1865; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 1095. 1891.

Astronia victoriae Gillespie in Bishop Mus. Bull. 83: 25. f. 32. 1931.

Tree or shrub 3-7 m. high, the young parts brown-furfuraceous-puberulent,
glabrescent, the branchlets subterete or distally quadrangular; petioles slender,
canaliculate, 1-4.5 (-—6.5) cm. long; leaf-blades thin-coriaceous or chartaceous,
elliptic or oblong or ovate, 6-14 (—17) cm. long, 2-7.5 (—10) cm. broad, rounded
or obtuse at base, obtuse at apex, slightly recurved at margin, the principal nerves
3, from base or joined up to 5 mm., impressed above, prominent beneath, the
marginal collecting-nerves 2 (sometimes faintly 4), the cross-veins slightly im-
pressed or plane above, prominulous beneath; inflorescence terminal, trichoto-
mously cymose, sometimes puberulent and soon glabrescent, 5-15 cm. long, 8-17
cm. broad, the branchlets slightly flattened, the bracts foliaceous, about 15 by
3 mm. or larger, the bracteoles linear, about 5 mm. long, soon deciduous;
flowers usually in threes, the pedicels 2-5 mm. long; calyx coriaceous, minutely
ferruginous-furfuraceous-lepidote, glabrescent, cupuliform, 4-6 mm. long and
in diameter, the limb erect, about 2 mm. long, irregularly splitting into 8-11
lobes, the lobes subdeltoid, 0.3-1 mm. long, 0.5-2 mm. broad, obtuse at apex;
petals 5 or 6, submembranous to thin-carnose, oblong or broadly obovate, at
anthesis 4-5 mm. long and 3-3.5 mm. broad, rounded at apex; stamens 10 or 12,
the filaments carnose, ligulate, at anthesis 3-4 mm. long, the anthers oblong, 3—3.5
mm. long, obtuse or conspicuously recurved at apex, the basal spur acute, 0.5-1
mm. long; style carnose, about as long as petals, the locules 5 or 6 (rarely 7) ; fruit
depressed-subglobose, usually glabrescent, 4-8 mm. in diameter, the calyx-lobes
sometimes up to 20, the mature placentas 5 or 6 (rarely 7), clavate, 2-3 mm.
long, retuse at apex, the seeds oblong-clavate, 0.8-1.5 mm. long.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Mt. Victoria, near summit, alt. 1200 m., Gillespie 4101
(Bish, type, GH, UC); Loma Langa Mt., near summit, alt. 1200 m., Gillespie 3936 (UC) ;
vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 750-830 m., Degener 14798 (A) (tree 3 m. high, in open forest),
Greenwood 849 (A) (tree about 6 m. high; flowers white) ; vicinity of Nasukamai, alt. 480
m., Gillespie 4396.1 (Bish, UC) (native name: tava); Tholo East: South of Mata-
wailevu, alt. about 500 m., St. John 18230 (A, Bish) (tree 10 m. high, on steep bank over-
hanging river; native namie: ndiriniu); Namosi: Southeast of Namosi, alt. 500 m.,
Gillespie 2870 (Bish) ; Voma Mt., alt. 500 m., Gillespie 2495 (Bish, GH, UC) (native name:
tava); Naitasiri: Upper Waindina River, alt. 50 m., MacDaniels 1025 (Bish) (tree 10
m. high; native name: tavo). Ovatau: Alt. 300 m., U. S. Expl. Exped. (GH, US, type
of Astronia Pickeringti var. vitiensis). VANUA Levu: Mbua: Upper Ndama River
valley, alt. 100-300 m., Smith 1586 (Bish,GH, NY, UC, US) (tree 5 m. high; native name:
wai susu). TAVEUNI: Vicinity of Waiyevo, alt. 600 m., Gillespie 4726 (Bish, NY, UC)
(in woods) ; mountain ridges above Somosomo, alt. 800 m., Gillespie 4777 (Bish) (common
small tree). Moata: Bryan 314 (Bish) (tree 5-6 m. high, in rain-forest on ridge-slopes,

alt. about 200 m.) ; Ndelaimoala, alt. 400 m., Smith 1363 (Bish, GH, NY, UC, US) (shrub
3 m. high, at edge of forest).

92 SARGENTIA 1

Gray based his Astronia Pickeringii upon two varieties, samoensis and vitiensis.
In examining type material and a series of specimens referable to the variety
vitiensis, | have come to the conclusion that the differences are of a specific na-
ture. The only Samoan material of this complex available to me is the type
collection, which bears immature flowers. Therefore a discussion of flowering
and fruiting differences, if any exist, cannot be given at present. A very obvious
foliage difference, concerning the crystal-bearing cells, serves to separate the two
forms readily, as follows:

Upper surface of leaf-blades smooth, with numerous conspicuous crystal-bearing cells 0.2-0.3
mm. long lying just beneath the epidermis; leaf-blades acute to subattenuate at base,
brownish green when dried ............: dstronidium Pickeringii (A. Gray) Christoph.

(Astronia Pickeringii var. samoensis A. Gray).

Upper surface of leaf-blades papillose, the crystal-bearing cells obscure, scarcely visible
under magnification; leaf-blades obtuse or rounded at base, often yellowish green when
Cried sissies veces ete cd Astronidium victoriae (Astronia Pickeringii var. vitiensis A. Gray).

It seems desirable to designate the variety samoensis as the actual type of
Astronia Pickeringii, since Gray clearly specifies that the floral characters of his
description refer to the Samoan plant; also, the correct combination of this spe-
cific name with Astronidium was first made by Christophersen (in Bishop Mus.
Bull. 154: 32. 1938) in connection with the variety samoense (A. Gray) Chris-
toph. This varietal combination of Christophersen now seems unnecessary, if
my view that the Fijian variety is specifically distinct is accepted.

No consequential differences are to be found between the types of Astronia
victoriae and Astronia Pickeringii var. vitiensis, those pointed out by Gillespie
being hardly important. Even on the type of A. victoriae the calyx-lobes are
often 8-11 rather than regularly 8. Inflorescence-pubescence is an inconstant
character and is found in varying phases of persistence on the above-cited
specimens.

5. Astronidium inflatum (A. C. Sm.) comb. nov.

Astronia inflata A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 114. f. 60. 1936.

Vanua Levu: Horne 616 (GH); Mbua: Navotuvotu, summit of Mt. Seatura, alt.
700-830 m., Smith 1645 (Bish, GH, NY, UC, US) (slender tree 4 m. high, in dense forest;
calyx pink); Thakaundrove: Mt. Mbatini, summit, alt. 1030 m., Smith 707 (Bish,
GH, NY, UC, US) (shrub 2 m. high, in dense thickets) ; Mt. Ndikeva, eastern buttress, alt.
800 m., Smith 1875 (Bish, typr, GH, NY, UC, US) (tree 4 m. high, in crest thickets).

Since no material of the species has been obtained since the original description,
this is not repeated. Although closely related to the more common A. victoriae,
the present species may be readily distinguished on the basis of characters men-
tioned in the key.

6. Astronidium robustum (Seem.) comb. nov.
Astronia robusta Seem. Fl. Vit. 86. 1865; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 152. 1871; Cogn.
in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 1096, 1891; Gillespie in Bishop Mus. Bull. 83: 25. f. 37. 1931.
Tree to 20 m. high, the young parts glabrous or faintly puberulent and soon
glabrescent, the branchlets stout, distally quadrangular, otherwise terete; petioles
stout, shallowly canaliculate, 1.2-6 cm. long; leaf-blades chartaceous to sub-
coriaceous, elliptic, 11-27 cm. long, 5-17 em. broad, subacute to attenuate at base,
subacute or obtuse or obtusely cuspidate at apex, slightly recurved at margin, the
principal nerves 5, arising from base or united up to 2.5 cm., impressed or plane
above, prominent beneath, the marginal collecting-nerves faint, the cross-veins
prominulous to faintly impressed above, sharply raised or prominulous beneath;
inflorescence terminal, trichotomously cymose, often faintly puberulent, soon gla-

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 93

brescent, 5-10 cm. long and broad, the branchlets slightly flattened or quad-
rangular, the bracts papyraceous, obovate, about 15 by 8 mm. or larger, soon
deciduous, the bracteoles 7 mm. long or more, caducous; flowers usually in
threes, the pedicels 3-4 mm. long; calyx coriaceous, glabrous, often slightly
verrucose or rugulose, cupuliform, 9-12 mm. long and in diameter at anthesis,
the limb erect, about 5 mm. long at anthesis, irregularly splitting into 4-7 lobes,
the lobes deltoid to broadly ovate, 2-5 mm. long, 3-8 mm. broad, acute or obtuse
at apex; petals 6-9, usually 8, subcarnose, oblong, 10-12 mm. long, 4-6 mm.
broad, rounded at apex; stamens 12-18, usually 16, the filaments carnose, ligulate,
8-12 mm. long, 1.5—2 mm. broad, the anthers oblong, 5-9 mm. long, stout,
sharply recurved in the distal 3-4 mm., the basal spur obtuse, 1.5—2.5 mm. long;
style carnose, columnar, 12-16 mm. long, the locules 6-9; fruit depressed-globose,
10-15 mm. in diameter at maturity, the mature placentas 6-9, clavate, 4-6 mm.
long, conspicuously retuse at apex, the seeds oblong-clavate, slender, angled,
1—2.5 mm. long.

Vitt Levu: Namosi: Vicinity of Namosi, alt. 400-500 m., Gillespie 2869 (Bish,
NY, UC) (native name: thava), Gillespie 2974 (Bish, UC); Rewa: Hill forests, alt.
500 m., Parks 20396 (Bish, UC) (tree 20 m. high) ; Virea-Nasongo trail, alt. 400 m., Parks
20456 (Bish, UC) (tree 6-8 m. high, in thick forest); Naitasiri: Korombamba Mt.,
Meebold 16669 (Bish, NY) ; vicinity of Nasinu, alt. 150 m., Gillespie 3403 (Bish, UC) (tree
8 m. high, in woods). Taveunt: Borders of lake east of Somosomo, alt. 700-900 m.,
Smith 859 (Bish, GH, NY, UC, US) (spreading tree 6 m. high, in dense forest). WuitTHout
DEFINITE LOCALITY: Horne 200 (GH).

Although I have not examined the type (Seemann 181, from Namosi) in con-
nection with all the cited specimens, I saw it at Kew in 1935 and noted that
Smith 859 was a good match. The species is very distinct in the large size of
all its parts, as noted in the key.

7. Astronidium sessile (A. C. Sm.) comb. nov.
Astronia sessilis A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 111. f. 58. 1936.
Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove-Mathuata boundary: Crest of Korotini

Range, between Navitho Pass and Mt. Ndelaikoro, alt. 650-900 m., Smith 533 (Bish, TyPE,
NY) (shrub 2 m. high, in dry forest).

Since only the type collection is known, the original description is adequate.

8. Astronidium macranthum (A. C. Sm.) comb. nov.

Astronia macrantha A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 113. f. 59. 1936.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, on edge of forest near Vatu-
there, alt. 900 m., Gillespie 4270 (Bish, GH, UC). Vanua Levu: Mbua: Southern
portion of Seatovo Range, alt. 100-350 m., Smith 1525 (Bish, GH, NY, UC, US) (tree 7
m. high, in forest), Smith 1706 (Bish, typE, GH, NY, UC, US) (small spreading tree 3-6
m. high, common in dry forest; petals white).

The original description of this species does not need amplification, except to
note that the Gillespie specimen has leaf-blades up to 14 cm. long and 6.5 cm.
broad. Astronidium macranthum is readily distinguished from <A. robustuim
by foliage characters, but the two species are closely allied.

9. Astronidium Degeneri sp. nov.

Arbor parva ubique calyce obscure lepidoto excepto glabra, ramulis crassis
subteretibus vel apicem versus quadrangulatis, internodiis brevibus; _petiolis
gracilibus obscure canaliculatis 2-4 cm. longis, laminis chartaceis vel subcoriaceis
siccitate viridibus oblongo-ellipticis, 8-14 cm. longis, 3-6.5 cm. latis, basi obtusis,
apice rotundatis vel obtusis, margine leviter recurvatis, 3-pli-nerviis, nervis ad 1
cm. interdum conjunctis supra subplanis vel leviter insculptis subtus promi-
nentibus, nervis marginalibus 0.5-1 mm. intra marginem inconspicuis, venulis
transversis supra subplanis subtus prominulis, rete venularum immerso; in-

94 SARGENTIA (1

florescentia terminali trichotome cymosa, 7-12 cm. longa, 9-17 cm. lata, ramulis
complanatis, bracteis bracteolisque mox caducis, floribus plerumque ternatis sub-
sessilibus, pedicellis inconspicuis ad 1 mm. longis; calyce coriaceo inconspicue
ferrugineo-lepidoto cupuliformi, 8-9 mm. longo, circiter 7 mm. diametro, limbo
sub anthesi erecto circiter 3.5 mm. longo in lobis 5 vel 6 ovato-deltoideis subacutis
2-3 mm. longis et 2-4 mm. latis rupto; petalis circiter 7 albis submembranaceis
obovato-oblongis, 7-8 mm. longis, 3-4 mm. latis, apice rotundatis vel apiculatis,
basim versus leviter angustatis; staminibus plerumque 14, filamentis carnosis
ligulatis circiter 7 mm. longis, antheris oblongis 5—5.5 mm. longis apice conspicue
recurvatis, calcare basilari subacuto circiter 1.5 mm. longo; stylo carnoso petalis
subaequali, stigmate rotundato-truncato, loculis plerumque 7, placentis suberectis,
ovulis numerosis.

Vitt Levu: Tholo West: Yawe, vicinity of Mbelo, near Vatukarasa, alt. 300 m.,
Degener 15279 (A, type), May 15, 1941 (small tree, in forest; petals white).

Compared with its nearest relatives, A. macranthum and A. robustum, the new
species has fairly small flowers, which, however, are larger than those of such
species as A. victoriae and its allies. In addition, the nearly sessile flowers
readily distinguish A. Degeneri.

10. Astronidium tomentosum (Seem.) comb. nov.
Astronia tomentosa Seem, Fl. Vit. 86. 1865; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 152. 1871;
Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 1099, 1891.

Small tree or shrub, the young branchlets, petioles, lower surfaces of leaf-
blades, inflorescence-branches, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels, and calyces densely
and persistently lepidote with minute ciliolate or substellate scales less than 0.1
mm. in diameter, the branchlets stout, subterete; petioles shallowly canaliculate,
1.5-4 cm. long; leaf-blades coriaceous or subcoriaceous, glabrous above, elliptic-
or ovate-oblong, 5-9 cm. long, 2-4.5 cm. broad, rounded or faintly cordate at
base, obtuse at apex, narrowly recurved at margin, the nerves 3 or 5, ascending
from base, slightly impressed above and prominent beneath, the marginal nerves
obscure, the cross-veins subimmersed or slightly impressed above and prominu-
lous beneath; inflorescence terminal, trichotomously cymose, 3-10 cm. long and
slightly broader, the branchlets angled, the bracts chartaceous, obovate-linear,
4-7 mm. long, the bracteoles similar but 2-4 mm. long; flowers crowded, usually
in threes, the pedicels inconspicuous, less than 1 mm. long; calyx subglobose in
bud, 2.5-3 mm. in diameter before dehiscence ; petals 5, broadly ovate and minute
in bud; stamens 10 (very immature in our material) ; ovary-locules 5; fruit
depressed-globose, 6-7 mm. in diameter at maturity, the mature placentas 5,
suberect, clavate, about 2 mm. long, retuse or flattened at apex.

Vitt Levu: Namosi: Voma Mt., on or near summit, alt. 900-1000 m., Seemann 174
(GH, type cott.), Gillespie 2725 (Bish), 2796 (Bish, UC); Vakarongasiu Mt., summit,
alt. 950 m., Gillespie 3281 (Bish).

This apparently very local species is not well named, the indument being essen-
tially lepidote rather than tomentose. Although mature flowers are not yet avail-
able, the species is quite unmistakable.

11. Astronidium Storckii Seem. Fl. Vit. 87. 1865; Markgraf in Notizbl. Bot. Gard.
Berlin 12: 49. 1934.
Astronia Storckii Seem. in Bonplandia 10: 296, nomen. 1862; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
28: 152. 1871; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 1099. 1891.

Small tree, to 5 m. high (or more?), the young branchlets, petioles, lower sur-
faces of leaf-blades, inflorescence-parts, and calyx subhispid with persistent
simple subulate brown hairs 1-2.5 mm. long, the branchlets stout, subterete or
distally quadrangular; petioles shallowly canaliculate, 3.5-6.5 cm. long; leaf-
blades subcoriaceous, sparsely hispid above and glabrescent except on nerves,

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 95

elliptic, 10-22 cm. long, 4-11 cm. broad, obtuse or rounded at base, gradually
short-acuminate at apex, slightly recurved at margin, the principal nerves 5,
oriented from base, slightly impressed above and prominent beneath, the marginal
collecting-nerves faint, the cross-veins slightly impressed above and_ sharply
raised beneath; inflorescence terminal, trichotomously cymose, 8-10 cm. long,
10-17 cm. broad, the branchlets lightly quadrangular, the bracts chartaceous,
obovate-oblong, 7-12 mm. long, the bracteoles similar but smaller; flowers
crowded, the pedicels 1 mm. long or less; calyx ovoid and closed in bud; petals
4 or 5 (or 67), deltoid-ovate in bud; stamens apparently 8 or 10 (or 12?) ; ovary
4-celled (ex Seemann) or 5- or 6-celled; mature fruit 7-10 mm. in diameter,
the mature placentas often 6 (in our material), suberect, clavate, about 2.5 mm.
long, lightly retuse at apex.

Vitt Levu: Namosi: Naitarandamu Mt., summit, alt. 1200 m., Gillespie 3133 (Bish,
UC); Naitasiri: Suva Pumping Station, alt. 30 m., Degener & Ordonez 13745 (A)
(tree 5 m. high, in forest).

The type of this species is Storck 890, from Ovalau, for which Seémann re-
ports the native name thavathava.

12. Astronidium kasiense sp. nov.
Astronidium Storckii sensu A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 115. 1936; non Seem.

Arbor ad 7 m. alta, ramulis novellis, petiolis, foliis subtus, ramulis inflores-
centiae, bracteis, bracteolis, et calycibus dense et arcte tomentellis vel puberulis
(pilis ferrugineis persistentibus simplicibus saepe clavatis 0.2-0.5 mm. longis) ;
ramulis crassis apicem versus quadrangulatis ; petiolis crassis obscure canaliculatis
3-7 cm. longis, laminis chartaceis ovato-ellipticis, 13-23 cm. longis, 7-12 cm. latis,
supra olivaceis glabris saepe rugulosis, basi rotundatis vel obscure subcordatis,
apice gradatim et breviter acuminatis, margine paullo recurvatis, 5-pli-nerviis,
nervis ad 7 mm. interdum conjunctis supra leviter impressis subtus prominentibus,
nervis marginalibus circiter 1 mm. intra marginem subtus prominulis, venulis
transversis numerosis supra planis vel insculptis subtus valde prominulis, rete
venularum intricato subtus prominulo ; inflorescentia terminali trichotome cymosa,
ad 15 cm. longa et lata, ramulis crassis leviter angulatis, bracteis oblongis ad 6
mm. longis et 3 mm. latis, bracteolis similibus sed minoribus, floribus juvenilibus
subsessilibus dense aggregatis ; calyce in alabastro clauso ellipsoideo; petalis 4 in
alabastro late ovatis; staminibus 8; stylo crasso, stigmate rotundato-truncato ;
ovario 4-loculare, placentis immaturis clavatis quam longis latioribus.

Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Yanawai River region, Mt. Kasi, alt. 300-430 m.,
Smith 1799 (Bish, GH, NY, type, UC, US), May 10, 1934 (tree 7 m. high, in dense forest ;
native name: rusila).

In comparing this specimen with the type of A. Storckii at Kew, I was inclined
in 1935 to consider them conspecific, but more careful comparison with the recent
collections of A. Storckii indicates that dependable characters of pubescence make
advisable the description of this new species. The two species are quite similar
in shape, texture, and venation of leaf-blades.

ONAGRACEAE
Jussiaea erecta L. Sp. PI. 388. 1753; Setchell in Carn. Inst. Publ. 341: 61. 1924; Christoph.
in Bishop Mus. Bull. 128: 160. 1935.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Korovou, east of Tavua, alt. 30-75 m., Degener 14963
(A) (along stream in dry meadow; native name: naingisa).

This species and the following are naturalized weeds which apparently have
previously escaped collection in Fiji. The family, as far as I can ascertain, is
not otherwise represented by Fijian herbarium material.

96 SARGENTIA (1

Jussiaea suffruticosa L. Sp. Pl. 388. 1753.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nandarivatu, alt. about 800 m., Degener & Ordonez
13545 (A) (shrub 1-2 m. high, along stream in sun).

The cited specimen is apparently a very pubescent form of the widespread
species.

UMBELLIFERAE

Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. Diss. Hydrocot. 6. pl. 1. 1798.

TAVEUNI: Western slope, between Somosomo and Wairiki, alt. 300-600 m., Smith 915
(GH, NY) (in dense mats in forest).

The cited specimen closely matches material from India, Sumatra, Java,
New Guinea, etc., but I believe that the species has not otherwise been reported
from our region. Nothing in its habitat causes me to believe that the plant was
introduced or escaped in Taveuni, but of course this may have been the case.
The determination is by Dr. B. H. Danser.

MYRSINACEAE

Embelia gracilis Turrill in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 43: 30. 1915.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. about 750 m., Degener
14307 (A) (liana, scrambling over bushes in forest; flowers whitish; fruit red, succulent) ;
Sovutawambu, near Nandarivatu, alt. about 750 m., Degener 14662 (A) (liana, in forest) ;
Ra: Vatundamusewa, vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m., Degener 15453 (A)
(liana, in partly sunny forest; fruit red; native name: wandrenga); Tholo West:
Uluvatu, vicinity of Mbelo, near Vatukarasa, alt. 300 m., Degener 15259 (A) (liana, in
forest) ; Yawe, near Mbelo, Degener 15268 (A) (liana, in forest; fruit red; native name:
wakai); Serua: Vatuvilakia, near Ngaloa, alt. 90 m., Degener 15163 (A) (liana, in
forest).

It is remarkable that the present collection contains six numbers of Embelia,
which up to the present seems to have been represented from Fiji only by the
type of FE. gracilis. Although I have not seen this type, Degener’s numbers
14307 and 14662 match the original description in all details; these numbers,
from essentially the type-locality, have the leaves punctate with abundant pel-
lucid glands. The remaining cited numbers were collected at much lower eleva-
tions and have the leaves with comparatively few and subopaque glands. In
other respects I can find no essential differences among the specimens. Numbers
14307, 14662, and 15163 bear inflorescences, which are identical in all respects.
The remaining specimens, and also 14307, are in fruit, showing no characters of
difference. The lowland collections show considerable variation in leaf-size,
15453 having blades up to 5 cm. long and 3.5 em. broad, but various leaf-sizes
may be found on the same specimens. I assume that the variation in leaf-
punctation depends upon whether or not the plant grows in deep shade, but it is
conceivable that the collection of additional material will permit the recognition
of two forms or even species.

OLEACEAE
By C. E. Kosuskt

Jasminum Smithianum Kobuski, sp. nov.

Frutex subscandens, ramulis griseis, hornotinis viridibus puberulis. Folia op-
posita, trifoliolata, coriacea vel chartacea, glabrescentia, petiolis puberulis, 1.0-1.5
cm. longis, foliolis ovatis parvis 1-3 cm. longis et 0.8-1.5 cm. latis basi rotundatis
vel truncatis, apice acutis, supra atrovirentibus, nitidis, subtus pallidioribus,
juventute margine et costa subtus puberulis, venis supra impressis, subtus elevatis,

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 97

infimis longe adscendentibus, ceteris 2-3 (paribus) arcuatis intramarginale con-
junctis, petiolulis puberulis ad 0.5 cm. longis. Inflorescentia axillaris cymosa.
Bracteoli 2, lineari-acuminati, pubescentes, ca. 2 mm. longi. Calyx dense pu-
berulus, tubo ca. 2 mm. longo, fauce ca. 1.5 mm. diametro, lobis 5 minutissime
subulatis vel haud manifestis. Corolla parva, alba, tubo 5.0-5.5 mm. longo,
fauce ca. 1.5 mm. diametro, lobis 5, ovatis vel obovatis, ca. 3 mm. longis et 2.5
mm. latis. Stamina 2, exserta, filamentis 3 mm. longis basi corollam 2.5 mm.
adnatis, antheris linearibus 3 mm. longis. Fructus ignotus.

Vitt Levu: Nandi: Korovou, near Nandi, among rocks along arid coast, Degener
15321 (A, type), May 27, 1941 (subscandent shrub with white flowers).

This species is characterized by very small, shining, dark green, trifoliolate
leaves, pubescent when young, especially on the lower midrib, in the angles of
the veins and along the margin. The flowers are correspondingly small with
pubescent calyx-lobes, bracteoles and pedicels. The stamens are exserted. The
closest relative is J. Degeneri, which has similar flower structure and pubescence
but much larger, opaque, membranaceous leaves and a distinctly climbing habit.
Also somewhat closely allied is J. didymum Forst., which can be separated, how-
ever, by the strictly glabrous, larger leaves.

This species is named in honor of Dr. A. C. Smith, the author of this paper,
whose interest in and work on the Fijian flora are well known.

Jasminum Degeneri Kobuski, sp. nov.

Scandens, ramulis brunneis, hornotinis aureo-viridibus puberulis. Folia op-
posita, trifoliolata, membranacea vel chartacea, glabrescentia, petiolis puberulis
0.8-1.5 cm. longis, foliolis ovatis (2.5—) 3-5 (-6) cm. longis et (1.5-) 2-3 (-4)
cm. latis, basi truncatis vel rotundatis, apice acuminatis, juventute costa subtus
subpuberulis, venis undique elevatis, 3-4 paribus adscendentibus, petiolulis pu-
berulis 0.6-1.0 cm. longis. Inflorescentia axillaris, cymosa. Bracteoli lineari-
lanceolati, pubescentes, 1 mm. vel minus longi. Calyx dense puberulus, tubo ca.
2 mm. longo, lobis 5, minutissime setaceis vel haud manifestis. Corolla alba,
parva, tubo 7-9 mm. longo et fauce ca. 1 mm. diametro, lobis 5, ovatis vel obo-
vatis, ca. 3 mm. longis et 2.0-2.5 mm. latis. Stamina 2, inclusa, filamentis ca. 3
min. longis, corollam totis vel interdum partim adnatis, antheris linearibus 3 mm.
longis. Fructus ignotus.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Fatia, west of Tavua, alt. 30-150 m., Degener 14980
(A, Type), April 2, 1941 (liana with white flowers). Precise Locanity LACKING: U.S.
Expl. Exped. (GH).

As stated under the previous species, a close relationship exists between J.
Smithianum and J. Degeneri. Both are trifoliolate, small-flowered and pubescent
on the flowers as well as on the very young growth. In this species, the leaves
are opaque, membranaceous, and considerably larger, with the veins raised on
both surfaces and not anastomosing into a second margin. The stamens, al-
though possessing approximately the same measurements, are included, and the
corolla is about 2 mm. longer.

LOGANIACEAE

Geniostoma vitiense Gilg & Benedict in Bot. Jahrb. 56: 542. 1921.

Geniostoma rupestre var. puberulum A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 321, nomen. 1859.

Vanua Levu: Mbua: Rukuruku Bay, Parham 5 (GH); Thakaundrove:
Eastern drainage of Yanawai River, alt. 60 m., Degener & Ordonez 14104 (A) (shrub, in
open forest) ; hills south of Nakula Valley, alt. 10-30 m., Smith 326 (GH, NY) (shrub 3
m. high, in woods) ; Maravu, near Salt Lake, alt. 90 m., Degener & Ordonez 14233 (A)
(tree 5 m. high, on reed-covered forehill). Wuirnout DEFINITE LOCALITY: Seemann 301
(GH, tyre cott.) ; U. S. Expl. Exped. (GH, as G. rupestre var. puberulum).

98 SARGENTIA (1

Previously reported only from the type collection, G. vitiense appears to occur
fairly commonly, being distinguishable from G. rupestre by its pubescence and
floral characters. The leaves of the type are somewhat smaller than the average
of the other cited specimens; leaf-blades sometimes attain a size up to 12 cm.
long and 6.5 cm. broad.

Geniostoma stenocarpum sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbor parva ad 3 m. alta, ramulis subteretibus fusco-cinereis juven-
tute interdum ferrugineo-puberulis mox glabris; stipulis parvis rotundato-ovatis
mox glabris ; petiolis gracilibus leviter canaliculatis 2-5 mm. longis, laminis char-
taceis glabris in sicco fuscis anguste elliptico-oblongis, 4-7 cm. longis, 1.2- 2.5
cm. latis, basi acutis vel attenuatis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice subacutis
et saepe mucronulatis, margine integris et leviter recurvatis, costa supra insculpta
subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 4-6 adscendentibus supra planis
vel leviter insculptis subtus paullo elevatis, venulis immersis; inflorescentiis 1-3
in axillis foliorum cymosis gracilibus sub anthesi 7-15 mm. longis paucifloris,
pedunculo et ramulis secundariis paucis brevibus glabris, bracteis acutis ovato-
deltoideis 0.5-1 mm. longis; pedicellis gracilibus sub anthesi 2-3 mm. sub fructu

ad 6 mm. longis, decidue 2- vel 4-bracteolatis, bracteolis oppositis vel suboppositis
adpressis oblongis circiter 0.8 mm. longis margine ciliolatis; lobis calycis sub-
membranaceis anguste imbricatis ovato-lanceolatis, 0.7-1 mm. longis, apice acutis,
extus puberulis, intus glabris; corolla membranacea breviter tubulosa sub anthesi
2.5-3 mm. longa et 3 mm. diametro, extus obscure puberula vel basim versus
glabra, tubo pilis brevibus albidis intus distaliter retrorso-piloso, lobis 5 ovato-
oblongis circiter 1.6 mm. longis et 1.4 mm. latis subacutis margine ciliolatis unt-
nervatis, nervo distaliter pauciramoso; staminibus fauce insertis, filamentis
deltoideo-ligulatis circiter 0.6 mm. longis intus pilis circiter 0.4 mm. longis retrorse
barbato-hirsutis, antheris oblongis circiter 0.8 mm. longis, apice obtusis, basi
cordatis ; ovario glabro depresso-globoso sub anthesi circiter 1 mm. diametro, stylo

gracili circiter 0.7 mm. longo, stigmate subgloboso circiter 0.5 mm. diametro

papilloso; fructibus anguste ellipsoideis, 7-10 mm. longis, 2.5-3 mm. latis, basi
obtusis, apice attenuatis et stylo persistente coronatis, valvis maturis apertis,
placentis persistentibus semina numerosa gerentibus.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 750-850 m., Degener &
Ordones 13591 (A, type), Nov. 22, 1940 (shrub, in rain-forest; flowers whitish), Degener
& Ordones 13592 (A) (shrub about 1 m. high; flowers yellowish white), Degener 14314
(A) (small tree to 3 m. high, in open forest).

Geniostoma stenocarpum is characterized by its glabrous comparatively small
and narrow leaf-blades, which are acute at the base, its short corollas and con-
spicuously barbate filaments, and its comparatively long and narrow fruits. In
floral characters it resembles G. vitiense Gilg & Benedict, but that species has more
persistently pubescent branchlets and leaf-blades, which are rounded at the base,
pilose on the lower surface (persistently so on the costa), and generally larger.

Geniostoma rupestre Forst. has doubtless been too broadly interpreted, as sug-
gested by Gilg and Benedict (in Bot. Jahrb. 56: 542. 1921). However, if I
cortectly understand their analysis, based on a duplicate of the type, it is the
common lowland species in Fiji, characterized by its strictly glabrous habit and
shining leaves. Its corolla-tube at anthesis is longer than the lobes and its throat
is uniformly pilose with short spreading hairs; each lobe is supplied by 3 nerves
which separate at the base of the corolla and then ascend without further branch-
ing. On the other hand, both G. vitiense and G. stenocarpum have the corolla-
tube about equal to the lobes and its throat pilose with reflexed hairs; each lobe
is supplied by a single nerve, which divides into 3 only at the summit of the tube,

1942| SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 99

each branch usually being further divided distally. Some of Gray’s varieties
(nomina nuda in Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 321. 1859) of G. rupestre should be referred
to other species.

Geniostoma calcicola sp. nov.

Frutex scandens ad 50 cm. altus, ramulis gracilibus subteretibus fusco-cinereis
juventute breviter et densissime pallido-setosis demum glabris; stipulis parvis
late ovatis; petiolis gracilibus 3-5 mm. longis ut ramulis hirsutis, laminis charta-
ceis in sicco fuscis vel olivaceis oblongo-ellipticis, 3.5—-5 cm. longis, 1.5-2.5 cm.
latis, basi obtusis, apice rotundatis vel leviter emarginatis et interdum inconspicue
mucronulatis, margine integris et leviter recurvatis, utrinque pilis pallidis circiter
0.3 mm. longis erectis pilosis, costa supra leviter impressa subtus elevata, nervis
lateralibus utrinsecus 4-6 brevibus supra immersis subtus leviter prominulis,
venulis immersis ; inflorescentiis axillaribus plerumque solitariis gracilibus cymosis
sub anthesi 8-12 mm. longis paucifloris, pedunculo brevi et ramulis paucis pallide
puberulis, bracteis ovatis minutis; pedicellis gracilibus sub anthesi 2-5 mm. longis
decidue 2—4-bracteolatis, bracteolis membranaceis adpressis oblongo-lanceolatis
acutis ciliolatis circiter 1 mm. longis; calyce cupuliformi fere ad basim 5-lobato,
lobis membranaceis acutis ovato-deltoideis, 1.2-1.5 mm. longis et latis, sparse
glanduloso-punctatis, margine ciliolatis; corolla membranacea breviter tubulosa
sub anthesi 3.5-4 mm. longa extus glabra, tubo circiter 2.5 mm. diametro pilis
laxis patentibus pallidis circiter 0.8 mm. longis intus dense piloso, lobis 5 sub
anthesi reflexis oblongo-ovatis, circiter 1.5 mm. longis et 2 mm. latis, apice obtusis,
uninervatis, nervo distaliter pauciramoso; staminibus fauce insertis, filamentis
ligulatis circiter 0.4 mm. longis parce pilosis, antheris oblongis circiter 1 mm.
longis, apice obtusis, basi cordatis; ovario glabro depresso-globoso sub anthesi
circiter 1.3 mm. diametro, stylo circiter 1 mm. longo, stigmate subgloboso circiter
0.8 mm. diametro papilloso.

Futanca: Near Monothaki, Smith 1116 (GH, type, NY), Feb. 22, 1934 (scandent
shrub, to 50 em. high, on cliff face in limestone formation; corolla white).

Geniostoma calcicola is typified by a specimen to which I referred (in Bishop
Mus. Bull. 141: 125. 1936) as a relative of G. crassifolium Benth. It differs
sharply from that New Caledonian species, however, in its low habit and much
smaller leaves. In floral characters, G. calcicola is allied to G. vitiense Gilg &
Benedict and the type specimen has a very similar indument, but in habit and
foliage the two species are easily distinguished.

I have seen three specimens which are very similar in habit and flowers to the
type of G. calcicola: Smith 1203 (GH, NY), from Fulanga, Seemann 300
(GH), from Fiji but without definite locality, and U. S. Expl. Exped. (GH),
from Tonga, determined by Gray as G. rupestre var. ellipticum. However, these
three specimens have the branchlets and leaves entirely glabrous or only obscurely
puberulent, and their corollas lack the conspicuous lax hairs described above, being
merely puberulent within. I am at a loss to know how much value to attach to
characters of pubescence in this case, especially since one of the specimens is from
Fulanga. Before deciding whether the concept of G. calcicola should be ex-
tended to include this glabrous form, I should like to see additional material of
the complex from southern Lau and Tonga.

CoutuHovia A, Gray

It has been customary to place the Fijian specimens of Couthovia in two spe-
cies, C. corynocarpa A. Gray and C. Seemanni A. Gray. The first of these,
which is the genotype, was based on a fruiting specimen collected by the U. S.

100 SARGENTIA [1

Exploring Expedition, the second on Seemann 305, a flowering specimen. In
proposing C. Seemanni, Gray (in Proc. Am. Acad. 5: 320. 1862) expressed doubt
of its distinctness from C. corynocarpa. In order to decide whether or not these
plants are conspecific, | have compared type material of each and have examined
an extensive series of more recently collected Fijian specimens of the genus.
The two type collections agree very closely in all essential details; some of the
leaves of C. corynocarpa appear to be slightly smaller, but it is to be noted that
these small leaves are accompanied by others on the same branchlets which are
as large as those of the type of C. Seemanni. It appears to be a characteristic of
this species to bear occasional short branchlets, near the apices of branches, which
have a pair of small and presumably juvenile leaves. Seemann 305 (GH) also
shows these small apical leaves. In spite of the lack of flowers from the type
collection of C. corynocarpa, | have no doubt that the two plants under considera-
tion are conspecific.

Gray, in proposing C. Seemanni as a distinct species, was probably influenced
by Seemann’s field notes, which remark upon the difference in habit between
Seemann 305 and Seemann 303, the latter of which Gray (in Proc. Am. Acad.
5: 320. 1862) had identified as C. corynocarpa. While Seemann was certainly
correct in referring his numbers 305 and 303 to different species, I cannot agree
with either him (FI. Vit. 165. 1866) or Gray that no. 303 represents C. coryno-
carpa. Seemann apparently saw only these two specimens of Couthovia. To
revise his treatment: no. 305, the type of C. Seemanni, is referable to C. coryno-
carpa, while no. 303, determined as C. corynocarpa, represents an undescribed
species. I refer the latter specimen to C. macrocarpa.

Gillespie’s treatment of the genus (in Bishop Mus. Bull. 83: 28-29. fig. 35, 36.
1931) further complicates the situation. He states that the subject of Seemann’s
pl. 32 “can not be other than” Seemann 305. This is certainly not the case. See-
mann 305 has the pubescence of the corolla limited to the throat, while Seemann’s
pl. 32 shows the tube also pubescent below the throat. Furthermore, there is
nothing in Seemann’s text to indicate that his no. 305 was accompanied by fruits,
and a fruit is illustrated on pl. 32. The only number which Seemann cites as
C. corynocarpa is his no. 303, and this surely is the basis of his pl. 32. This
specimen, like the plate, shows the corolla-tube to be uniformly pilose within and
is accompanied by a large woody fruit identical with that illustrated. Further-
more, Seemann says that C. corynocarpa (i.e. no. 303) has “dark-green foliage
(made rather too light by our colourist).” The specimen of Seemann 303 bears
out this observation.

In referring a series of several small-leaved specimens to C. corynocarpa, Gil-
lespie appears to have depended upon a photograph of the type collection in the
Gray Herbarium. He remarks that “the leaves of the Gray specimen are about
11 cm. long and 5 cm. broad, somewhat larger than those of our collections.”
While this is true, it must be further remarked that other sheets of the Exploring
Expedition type collection of C. corynocarpa (at NY, US) have the leaf-blades
up to 13.5 by 10 cm. It is noteworthy that the small-leaved specimens referred
by Gillespie to C. corynocarpa occur at elevations of 500-1300 meters, while the
type doubtless came from a low elevation. From a re-examination of the material,
I must conclude that Gillespie’s description and illustration of “C. corynocarpa”
refer to an unnamed species, which I shall call C. collina. His description and
illustration of C. Seemanni are referable to C. corynocarpa, but the specimens
cited are referable only in part to C. corynocarpa. Three of them (Parks 20869,

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 101

Gillespie 2095 and 2433) represent the new species which I shall call C. alata,
while one other (Gillespie 2590) represents my C. macrocarpa.

I have discussed past interpretations of this complex in some detail, since it now
appears that six well-marked species of Couthovia are distinguishable in Fiji.
Therefore, the proper placing of Gray’s two names is essential. It seems unfor-
tunate that these names are synonyms, but on the basis of the extensive material
at hand I find it necessary to make this reduction and to propose the other five
species as new. All of the six Fijian species appear to be endemic; they have
been carefully compared with the other species of the genus thus far described
from the Pacific (i.e. C. neo-ebudica Guillaumin from the New Hebrides, C.
novocaledonica Gilg and Benedict from New Caledonia, and C. calophylla Gilg
& Benedict and C. Toua Kanehira from Micronesia). An interesting discussion
of the genus and a treatment of nine Papuasian species was published by Gilg &
Benedict (in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 174-183. fig. 8, 9. 1916).

Of the Fijian species, C. corynocarpa is the most abundant, at least at low
elevations; it is characterized by its smooth stipules, large petiolate leaves, and
glabrous corolla-tube. With essentially similar flowers are C. collina, C. alata,
and C. macroloba, but each is easily recognized by one or more obvious characters.
The two remaining Fijian species, C. macrocarpa and C. pachyantha, have the
corolla-tube pilose within as well as barbate at its apex, and they are further dis-
tinguished by their large fruits. It seems likely that all of these species have been
derived from C. corynocarpa and therefore are more closely related to each other
than to any of the non-Fijian species.

Key TO THE FIJIAN SPECIES

Corolla barbate at throat within, otherwise glabrous; style less than 1 mm. long; mature
fruit obovoid, clavate, comparatively slender, not more than 13 mm. in diameter.

Stipules forming a sheath 2-5 mm. high; leaf-blades obovate-oblong, 4.5-9 cm. long, 2-5
cm... broad; occurring above 500 im. see reeecites eee. cose cas cies 1. C. collina,

Stipules forming a sheath 4-15 mm. high; leaf-blades (9—) 11-25 cm. long and 5-12 cm.
broad or larger.

Petioles 4-10 mm. long or more, sometimes angled but scarcely winged; leaf-blades
broadly elliptic, the secondaries usually spreading; corolla 4-6 mm. long, the lobes
2-2.5 mm. long, thin-carnose; anthers 1.3-1.5 mm. long. .......... 2. C. corynocarpa.

Petioles very short, conspicuously winged, the wings 1-3 mm. broad, confluent with
those of the opposite petiole (i. e. the stipule-sheaths horizontally winged) ; leaf-
blades oblong-obovate, the secondaries ascending; flowers as in the preceding.

3. C. alata,

Petioles essentially none; leaf-blades obovate-elliptic, the secondaries ascending; corolla
6.5-7 mm. long, the lobes 3-4 mm. long, thick-carnose; anthers 1.8-2 mm. long.

4. C. macroloba.
Corolla barbate at throat within and also pubescent toward base of tube within; style 1.5-2.5

mm. long; mature fruit elliptic-obovoid, gradually narrowed or rounded toward base,

often somewhat flattened, 18-28 mm. broad; leaf-blades broadly elliptic, the secondaries
spreading.

Corolla thin-carnose, the tube 2.5-3 mm. in diameter, the lobes 1.5-2 mm. broad; hairs at
base of lobes lax, 0.5-0.7 mm. long; corolla-tube tomentellous within, the hairs lax,
tangled: okie css seus ote Fula tey ee eee cc cee Os ae cle 5. C. macrocarpa.

Corolla thick-carnose, the tube 4-5 mm. in diameter, the lobes 2.5-3 mm. broad; hairs at
base of lobes stiff, about 1.3 mm. long; corolla-tube strigose within, the hairs stiff.

6. C. pachyantha.

1. Couthovia collina sp. nov.

Couthovia corynocarpa sensu Gillespie in Bishop Mus. Bull. 83: 28 (quoad descr.). fig. 35.
1931; non A. Gray.

102 SARGENTIA (1

Couthovia Seemannii sensu Gibbs in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 157. 1909; non C. Seemanni
A. Gray.

Frutex vel arbor ad 5 m. alta (vel ultra?) corolla intus barbata excepta glabra,
ramulis fuscis subteretibus saepe striatis, internodiis junioribus 0.5-3 cm. longis ;
stipulis interpetiolaribus subcoriaceis, apice rotundatis, inter sese et cum petiolis
connatis et cupulam 2-5 mm. altam formantibus, non longitudinaliter fissis; pe-
tiolis gracilibus supra complanatis vel leviter canaliculatis 2-9 mm. longis (supra
stipulas) ; laminis plerumque subcoriaceis et obovato-oblongis, 4.5-9 cm. longis,
2-5 cm. latis, basi attenuatis vel raro obtusis, apice rotundatis vel late obtusis,
margine saepe paullo revolutis, utrinque subnitidis, costa supra leviter elevata
subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 5-10 patentibus subrectis supra
paullo subtus manifeste elevatis, rete venularum laxe reticulato immerso vel in-
conspicue prominulo; floribus in apice ramulorum in corymbos 1-3 (cymosos,
cymis 2- vel 3-plo divisis) dispositis, pedunculis ad 4 cm. longis gracilibus, cymae
ramulis primariis 2-10 mm. longis, pedicellis subnullis bracteis inconspicuis ovatis
acutis circiter 1 mm. longis; calyce papyraceo cupuliformi fere ad basim 5-lobato,
lobis anguste imbricatis orbiculari-oblongis, 1.2-1.5 mm. longis, 1.5—2 mm. latis,
apice rotundatis, margine minute ciliolatis; corolla subcarnosa_ obscure luteo-
glandulosa 4—5.5 mm. longa, lobis oblongis, 2-2.5 mm. longis, 1.2-1.5 mm. latis,
apice subacutis et saepe incrassatis, tubo 2-3 mm. diametro apice pilis rectis 1-1.3
mm. longis dense barbato cetera glabro; staminibus 5 tubo insertis, filamentis
gracilibus 0.5—0.7 mm. longis, antheris oblongis 1.3-1.6 mm. longis glabris vel basi
minute puberulis ; ovario ellipsoideo luteo-glanduloso minute puberulo mox glabro,
stylo 0.4-0.8 mm. longo, stigmate subcapitato minute papilloso; fructibus obo-
voideis clavatis, 16-22 mm. longis, 7-10 mm. diametro, infra medium vel basim
versus abrupte contractis, apice rotundatis et mucronulatis.

Vint Levu: Tholo North: Loma Langa Mt, alt. 1050 m., Gillespie 3913 (Bish,
rypr, NY, UC), Nov. 21, 1927 (in forest on slopes) ; summit of Loma Langa Mt., alt. 1200
m., Gillespie 3929 (Bish) ; vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 750-1200 m., Degener 14370 (A)
(shrub, in forest; fruit whitish; native name: ngingila), Gillespie 3969 (Bish, UC) (latex
milky; flowers and fruit white; native name: nduva), Parks 20740 (Bish, UC) (shrub 2-4
m. high, in dense forest; flowers waxy-white; fruit white); Namosi: Slope of Voma
Mt., alt. 500 m., Gillespie 2908 (Bish, NY) (native name: kaw toi) ; Naitarandamu Mt., alt.
800 m., Gillespie 3100 (Bish, UC) (flowers white, odorless). Vanua Levu: Thakaun-
drove- Mathuataboundary: Crest of Korotini Range, between Navitho Pass and
Mt. Ndelaikoro, alt. 650-900 m., Smith 552 (Bish, GH, NY, UC, US) (tree 5 m. high, in
dry forest; corolla and anthers white; fruit white at maturity; native name: theketheke).

Thus far this small-leaved species has been found only at comparatively high
elevations on the two larger islands. Although its floral characters and its fruits
are essentially similar to those of C. corynocarpa A. Gray, it is readily distin-
guished by its smaller and more compact habit, small leaves and stipules, and

compact inflorescences.

2. Couthovia corynocarpa A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 324. 1859.
Couthovia Seemanni A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 5: 320. 1862; A. Gray in Bonplandia 10:
37. 1862: Seem. in Bonplandia 10: 296. 1862; Seem. Fl. Vit. 166. 1866; Gillespie in
Bishop Mus. Bull. 83: 29, in part (as C. seemannit). fig. 36. 1931.

Gaertnera barbata Seem. ex A. Gray in Bonplandia 10: 37, nomen. 1862.

Spreading shrub or tree up to 15 m. high, glabrous throughout except for the
barbate corolla-tube, the branchlets stout, dark brown or stramineous, often obvi-
ously lenticellate, subterete or distally quadrangular, the distal internodes 1.5-8
cm. long; stipules interpetiolar, often coriaceous, subtruncate or rounded at apex,
connate with the petiole-bases and forming a cupuliform tube 4-15 mm. high
which occasionally splits longitudinally ; petioles stout, shallowly canaliculate, the
free portion 4-10 (—30) mm. long, often angled but not winged ; leaf-blades

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 103

chartaceous or subcoriaceous, broadly elliptic, (9—-) 11-25 (-40) cm. long, (4-)
6-17 (—28) cm. broad, acute or subattenuate at base, obtuse at apex, often slightly
recurved at margin, usually dull on both surfaces, the costa stout, usually slightly
raised above and prominent beneath, the secondary nerves 5-10 per side, spread-
ing, nearly straight, raised on both surfaces, the veinlet-reticulation lax, often
immersed, sometimes slightly prominulous especially beneath; flowers arranged
in 14 corymbs at the apices of branchlets, the common peduncle, if present, short
and stout, the secondary peduncles to 7 cm. long, the corymbs cymose, 3 or 4
times divided, the primary branchlets of the cymes 6-30 mm. long, the flowers
sessile, often paired at ends of short ultimate branchlets, the bracteoles deltoid,
about 0.7 mm. long; calyx papyraceous, cupuliform, minutely yellow-glandular,
deeply 5-lobed, the lobes narrowly imbricate, orbicular-oblong, 0.7—1.5 mm. long,
1.2-2 mm. broad, rounded at apex, glabrous or minutely ciliolate at margin;
corolla submembranous at base, thin-carnose distally, 4-6 mm. long, the lobes
oblong-deltoid, 2—2.5 mm. long, 1.2-1.7 mm. broad, subacute and often slightly
thickened at apex, the tube 2-3 mm. in diameter, barbate at apex with straight
hairs 0.8-1.3 mm. long, otherwise glabrous; stamens 5, inserted on the tube, the
filaments slender, 0.8-1.3 mm. long, the anthers oblong, 1.3-1.5 mm. long, puberu-
lent at base or glabrous; ovary ellipsoid, glabrous, sparsely yellow-glandular, the
style 0.5-1 mm. long, the stigma minutely capitate; fruits obovoid, clavate, 15-30
mm. long, 8-11 mm. broad, sharply contracted slightly below middle or nearer
base, acute to rounded at apex and often conspicuously mucronulate.

Vitt Levu: Tholo West: Mbuyombuyo, near Namboutini, Tabualewa 15597 (A)
(tree 10 m. high, in forest); Serua: Thulanuku, vicinity of Ngaloa, alt. 30 m., Degener
15118 (A) (tree 4-5 m. high, in forest; flowers white); Namosi: Naitarandamu Mt.,
alt. 1000 m., Gillespie 3344 (Bish, UC); Rewa: Vicinity of Suva Bay, alt. near sea-level,
Parks 20030 (Bish, UC) (tree 5 m. high, in dense bush on edge of swamp; fruit green),
Bryan 381 (A, Bish) (tree 5-6 m. high; fruit light green to white), Meebold 16440 (Bish) ;
Naitasiri: Vicinity of Nasinu, alt. 150 m., Gillespie 3521 (Bish, UC), 3534 (Bish,
UC) ; near Tamavua, alt. 150 m., Gillespie 2195 (Bish, UC); Waindina River basin, alt. 50
m., MacDaniels 1037 (Bish) (tree 15 m. high, in rain-forest). Ovatau: U. S. Expl.
Exped. (GH, NY, US, type); Seemann 305 (GH, type coll. of C. Seemanni and source
of the name Gaertnera barbata) ; mountains south of Levuka, alt. 350 m., Gillespie 4537
(Bish, NY, UC) (fruit white) ; near summit of main range west of Levuka, alt. 500 m.,
Gillespie 4426 (Bish, UC). Kanpavu: Hills above Namalata and Ngaloa Bays, alt. 200-
400 m., Smith 200 (Bish, GH, NY, US, UC) (tree or shrub 5 m. high, in forest; fruit
white). Vanua Levu: Mbua: Lower Wainunu River Valley, alt. 0-200 m., Smith
1726 (Bish, GH, NY, US, UC) (tree 4-10 m. high, in thin forest; corolla pale yellow; fruit
white; native name: mbulei); Thakaundrove: Eastern drainage of Yanawai River,
alt. 120 m., Degener & Ordonez 14082 (A) (small tree, in forest; fruit white) ; Vatuni-
vuamonde Mt., Savu Savu Bay region, alt. 300 m., Degener & Ordonez 14024 (A) (small
tree, in dense forest) ; southern slope of Mt. Mariko, alt. 400-600 m., Smith 408 (Bish, NY,
US) (shrub 3 m. high; flowers white; native name: theketheke).

As indicated by the above citations, this species has a wide range throughout
Fiji at low elevations ; its occurrence above 500 meters is indicated only by Gil-
lespie 3344 and must be unusual. That the type collection was obtained on
Ovalau is evident from the following notes of Pickering (Geogr. Distr. of Ani-
mals and Plants, pt. 2: 358. 1876) : “Gen. incert.; (Couthovia of Gray?, No. 1).
A tree, forty feet high; leaves opposite, 4 inches by 244, entire, sheathing at base ;
terminal corymbs; calyx minute, 5-fid; drupe elongate, contracted or stipitate at
base, apiculate with the style. Ovolau.” Seemann (FI. Vit. 166. 1866) remarks
that C. Seemanni “. . . inhabits the virgin forests of Ovalau, and has a light
green foliage, and spreading, not tapering, mode of branching.”

104 SARGENTIA m|

3. Couthovia alata sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbor corolla intus barbata excepta glabra, ramulis crassis fuscis
subteretibus vel apicem versus longitudinaliter sulcatis, internodiis junioribus
1-3 cm. longis ; stipulis interpetiolaribus siccitate coriaceis, apice late obtusis, inter
sese et cum petiolis connatis et cupulam 5-10 mm. altam formantibus, cupula
petiolorum alis conspicuis transverse ornata; petiolis validis brevibus conspicue
alatis, alis 1-3 mm. latis cum eis petioli oppositi confluentibus; laminis in sicco
coriaceis et plerumque viridi-olivaceis obovato-oblongis, (11—) 14-24 cm. longis,
(4-) 5-12 (—16) cm. latis, basi gradatim angustatis vel subobtusis, apice obtusis,
margine revolutis, costa valida utrinque prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus
6-10 adscendentibus leviter curvatis utrinque manifeste elevatis, rete venularum
immerso vel utrinque paullo prominulo; floribus in apice ramulorum in corymbos
(cymosos, cymis 3—-5-plo divisis) dispositis, pedunculo primario crasso ad 3 cm.
longo saepe subnullo, pedunculis secundariis 2-4 ad 7 cm. longis rectis, cymae
ramulis primariis 8-30 mm. longis, pedicellis subnullis, bracteis deltoideis circiter
1 mm. longis ciliolatis ; calyce papyraceo minute luteo-glanduloso cupuliformi fere
ad basim 5-lobato, lobis imbricatis orbiculari-oblongis, circiter 1.5 mm. longis et
2 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, margine ciliolatis; corolla subcarnosa obscure luteo-
glandulosa circiter 5 mm. longa, lobis deltoideo-oblongis, circiter 2 mm. longis et
1.5 mm. latis, apice acutis et saepe leviter incrassatis, tubo circiter 2.5 mm. di-
ametro apice pilis rectis circiter 1.2 mm. longis barbato cetera glabro; staminibus
5 tubo insertis, filamentis gracilibus circiter 1 mm. longis, antheris oblongis glabris
circiter 1.5 mm. longis; ovario ellipsoideo sub anthesi glabro, stylo inconspicuo
circiter 1 mm. longo, stigmate minute subcapitato; fructibus anguste obovoideis
clavatis, 15-25 mm. longis, 6-10 mm. diametro, paullo infra medium abrupte
contractis, apice subacutis et mucronulatis.

Vitt Levu: Parks 20869 (Bish, typzE, UC), May—July, 1927; Rewa: Vicinity of Suva
Bay, near sea-level, Setchell & Parks 15160 (UC) (shrub 4 m. high, in dense forest),
Meebold 17012 (Bish); Naitasiri: Vicinity of Tamavua, alt. 150 m., Gillespie 2095
(Bish), 2433 (Bish, NY, UC); Tamavua-Sawani road, alt. 200 m., Setchell & Parks 15086
(UC) (tree, in rain-forest).

From the available material, this species appears to be limited to the lowland
forest of southeastern Viti Levu; the only good flowering specimen, designated
as the type, is unfortunately without detailed data, but it doubtless comes from
the same region. The cited specimens have been referred to C. Seemanni and
C. corynocarpa. They agree with C. corynocarpa in characters of the inflores-
cence and fruit, but they very obviously differ in having the short petioles con-
spicuously winged, the wings confluent with those of the opposite petiole and
forming a transverse wing across the stipule-sheath. Furthermore, the leaf-
blades are proportionately narrower, stiffer, and more noticeably revolute at
margins, while the secondary nerves are more definitely ascending.

4. Couthovia macroloba sp. nov.

Frutex 5 m. altus corolla intus barbata excepta glaber, ramulis crassis stramineis
subteretibus vel apicem versus leviter angulatis, internodiis junioribus 2—4 cm.
longis; stipulis interpetiolaribus coriaceis, apice truncatis vel inconspicue rotun-
datis, inter sese et cum petiolis connatis et cupulam 8-11 mm. altam formantibus,
demum forsan longitudinaliter fissis; petiolis liberis subnullis; laminis chartaceis
obovato-ellipticis, 12-20 cm. longis, (5—) 7-11 cm. latis, basi gradatim angustatis,
apice obtusis vel obtuse cuspidatis, utrinque in sicco viridi-fuscis, costa valida
supra subplana subtus prominente, nervis secundariis 6-8 subrectis adscendenti-
bus supra subplanis subtus conspicue elevatis, rete venularum laxe reticulato im-
merso vel supra insculpto et subtus leviter prominulo; floribus in apice ramulorum
in corymbos 2—4 (cymosos, cymis 3- vel 4-plo divisis) dispositis, pedunculo pri-

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 105

mario crasso brevi, pedunculis secundariis 4-6 cm. longis, cymae ramulis pri-
mariis gracilibus 1-4 cm. longis, pedicellis subnullis, bracteis minutis deltoideis
circiter 0.5 mm. longis; calyce papyraceo cupuliformi profunde 5-lobato, lobis
imbricatis orbiculari-oblongis, 1.5-2 mm. longis, 2-2.5 mm. latis, apice rotundatis
vel obtusis, margine ciliolatis; corolla distaliter crasse carnosa 6.5—7 mm. longa,
lobis oblongis, 3-4 mm. longis, 1.5-2 mm. latis, apice subacutis, tubo 3-3.5 mm.
diametro apice pilis rectis 1.5-2 mm. longis dense barbato cetera glabro ; stamini-
bus 5 tubo insertis, filamentis gracilibus 1-1.5 mm. longis, antheris oblongis
1.8-2 mm. longis glabris apice mucronulatis; ovario ellipsoideo glabro sparse
luteo-glanduloso, stylo circiter 1 mm. longo, stigmate minute capitato; fructibus
obovoideis clavatis, 30-40 mm. longis, 10-13 mm. diametro, basim versus gradatim
angustatis, apice obtusis et mucronulatis.

TavEuUNI: Borders of lake east of Somosomo, alt. 700-900 m., Smith 917 (Bish, GH,
NY, type, UC, US), Jan. 8, 1934 (shrub 5 m. high, in dense forest; corolla-lobes white;
anthers yellow; fruit white).

This upland species is related to C. corynocarpa, differing in its lack of a free
petiole, its proportionately narrower and more obovate leaf-blades, its ascending
secondary nerves, and its larger flowers, particularly as regards the corolla-lobes
and anthers. Floral proportions in Couthovia appear to be quite consistent for
each species, and when the corollas of C. macroloba and C, corynocarpa are com-
pared side by side the differences are very noticeable. Duplicates of the type are
deposited in several European herbaria.

5. Couthovia macrocarpa sp. noy.

Couthovia corynocarpa sensu A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 5: 320, quoad Seemann 303.
1862; A. Gray in Bonplandia 10: 37. 1862; Seem. Fl. Vit. 165. pl. 32. 1866; non A.
Gray, 1859,

Gaertnera pyramidalis Seem. ex A. Gray in Bonplandia 10: 37, nomen. 1862.

Arbor ad 12 m. alta corolla intus pilosa excepta glabra, ramulis crassis fuscis
juventute saepe conspicue quadrangulatis demum subteretibus inconspicue lenti-
cellatis, internodiis junioribus plerumque 1.5-3 cm. longis ; stipulis interpetiolari-
bus coriaceis, apice truncatis vel rotundatis, inter sese et cum petiolis connatis et
cupulam 5-10 mm. altam formantibus, demum longitudinaliter fissis et caducis ;
petiolis crassis leviter canaliculatis 5-15 (-25) mm. longis (supra stipulas) ;
laminis chartaceis siccitate viridi-fuscis late ellipticis, 9-15 (—20) cm. longis, 6-14
(—20) cm. latis, basi obtusis vel raro subcordatis et in petiolum decurrentibus,
apice rotundatis vel late obtusis, margine planis vel inconspicue recurvatis, costa
valida supra paullo elevata et saepe canaliculata subtus prominente, nervis secun-
dariis utrinsecus 6-9 patentibus utrinque leviter elevatis, rete venularum laxe
reticulato immerso vel interdum utrinque prominulo; floribus in apice ramulorum
in corymbos saepe solitarios (cymosos, cymis 3- vel 4-plo divisis) dispositis,
pedunculo primario crasso brevi ad 15 mm. longo, pedunculis secundariis 2-4 em.
longis, cymae ramulis primariis 7-20 mm. longis, pedicellis saepe 1-3 mm. longis
bracteas deltoideas circiter 0.7 mm. longas inconspicuas gerentibus ; calyce papy-
raceo cupuliformi profunde 5-lobato, lobis saepe subcarnosis anguste imbricatis
ovato-oblongis, 1.8-2.5 mm. longis et latis, margine ciliolatis; corolla distaliter
carnosa in alabastro angulata 6-6.5 mm. longa, lobis oblongo-deltoideis, circiter 4
mm. longis, 1.5—2 mm. latis, apice subacutis et saepe leviter incrassatis, tubo 2.5—3
mm. diametro apice pilis 0.5-0.7 mm. longis tomentello-barbato etiam intus pilis
similibus laxis pallido-tomentello; staminibus 5 tubo insertis, filamentis gracilibus
circiter 1 mm. longis, antheris crassis oblongis 1.8-2 mm. longis glabris apice
obtusis ; ovario ellipsoideo glabro, stylo gracili 1.5-2.5 mm, longo, stigmate capi-
tato; fructibus maturis sublignosis elliptico-obovoideis plerumque conspicue com-
planatis, 30-43 mm. longis, 18-28 mm. latis, 10-18 mm. crassis, basi gradatim
angustatis vel obtusis, apice rotundatis et mucronulatis.

106 SARGENTIA {1

Vitt Levu: Namosi: Vicinity of Namuamua, alt. 300 m., Gillespie 2951 (Bish,
type, UC), Sept. 22, 1927 (flowers faintly fragrant, the corolla greenish white, the anthers
pale yellow; fruit hard, dull creamy white; native name: mboa); vicinity of Namosi, alt.
400 m., Gillespie 2590 (Bish, UC) (bushy-topped tree 12 m. high, near stream; native names:
mbo, mboloa) ; Namosi Valley, Seemann 303 (source of the name Gaertnera pyramidalis,
GH) (native name: mboloa; fruit eaten by pigeons); Namosi or Naitasiri: Upper
Waindina River, alt. 65 m., MacDaniels 1038 (Bish) (tree 10 m. high, in rain-forest; fruit
white; native name: mbola). WuITHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY: Horne 589 (GH).

Of the cited specimens, the best flowers are present on the type collection;
younger and less satisfactory flowers accompany Gillespie 2590, Seemann 303,
and Horne 589. All of the flowers dissected show the characteristic lax tangled
tomentum within the tube. The type collection and MacDaniels 1038 bear good
mature fruits, while Seemann 303 has a fruit similar to that illustrated in Seem.
Fl. Vit. pl. 32. 1866. While this fruit appears to be not fully mature, it shows
the characteristic flattening and woody texture. The limited distribution of this
species is noteworthy, as is also the fact that its local names have not been referred
to C. corynocarpa or other species, as far as can be ascertained from collectors’
notes. Concerning the habit of his no. 303, Seemann (FI. Vit. 166, 1866) re-
marks that the species (which he took for C. corynocarpa) forms “. . . pyra-
midal trees, with dark-green foliage . . . , and they constitute a peculiar feature
in the landscape of the Namosi Valley of Viti Levu; moreover they grow quite
in the open country.” Whether or not the habits of C. macrocarpa and the true
C. corynocarpa consistently differ must be left for future observers to ascertain.

Upon receiving Seemann’s collections of Couthovia, Gray (in Proc. Am. Acad.
5: 320. 1862) modified his concept to point out that he observed indications of
dimorphism, or incipient difference in sex, in the flowers examined. These dif-
ferences pertained to the greater or lesser development of the pubescence of the
corolla-throat and the length of the filaments and style. In the numerous flowers
which I have examined I have found no such noteworthy variations, the char-
acters appearing very constant; therefore I believe that Gray’s conclusions were
based upon inadequate material.

6. Couthovia pachyantha sp. nov.

Arbor ad 8 m. alta corolla intus strigosa excepta glabra, ramulis crassis fuscis
juventute plerumque complanato-quadrangulatis demum subteretibus, internodiis
junioribus 1.5-3 cm. longis; stipulis interpetiolaribus coriaceis, apice truncatis
vel rotundatis, inter sese et cum petiolis connatis et cupulam 5-13 mm. altam
formantibus, mox caducis; petiolis crassis 5-20 mm. longis (supra stipulas )
complanatis margine angulatis ; laminis chartaceis vel subcoriaceis siccitate viridi-
fuscis late ellipticis, 9-20 cm. longis, 5-18 cm. latis, basi obtusis saepe subcordatis
et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice rotundatis, margine planis vel inconspicue re-
curvatis, costa valida supra subplana vel leviter elevata subtus prominente, nervis
secundariis utrinsecus 5-10 patentibus utrinque leviter elevatis, rete venularum
laxe reticulato plerumque utrinque prominulo; floribus in apice ramulorum saepe
brevium et defoliatorum in corymbos plerumque solitarios (cymosos, cymis 2-
vel 3-plo divisis) dispositis, pedunculo crasso 8-16 mm. longo, cymae ramis pri-
mariis 10-20 mm. longis saepe complanatis et transverse rugosis, pedicellis sub-
nullis, bracteis subcarnosis late ovatis circiter 1 mm. longis; calyce tenuiter car-
noso cupuliformi profunde 5-lobato, lobis imbricatis orbiculari-ovatis, 2.5-3 mm.
longis, 3-4 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, margine ciliolatis; corolla crasse carnosa
6-7 mm. longa, lobis oblongo-deltoideis, 44.5 mm. longis, 2.5—3 mm. latis, apice
subacutis et saepe incrassatis, tubo 4-5 mm. diametro apice pilis rectis circiter 1.3
mm. longis strigoso-barbato etiam intus pilis similibus strigoso; staminibus 5 tubo
insertis, filamentis gracilibus 1.5-2 mm. longis, antheris crassis oblongis circiter

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 107

2 mm. longis glabris apice obtusis ; ovario ovoideo glabro, stylo crasso 2-2.5 mm.
longo, stigmate capitato ; fructibus maturis sublignosis fibrosis elliptico- obovoideis
subcomplanatis, 25-40 mm. longis, 20-28 mm. latis, 12-20 mm. crassis, basi gra-
datim angustatis vel saepe rotundatis, apice rotundatis et mucronulatis.

Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Between Valanga and Valethi, Savu Savu Bay
region, alt. near sea-level, Degener & Ordonez 14125 (A, Type), Jan. 10, 1941 (tree 8 m.
high, in sunny jungle; fruit white).

In foliage and fruit this species is scarcely distinguishable from the preceding,
but I believe that the large flowers, with thick-carnose corollas and a different
type of corolla-pubescence, amply characterize it. Additional collections of both
species are desirable. It is noteworthy that only the mature fruits of C. pachy-
antha and C. macrocarpa have the characteristic shape and texture; the younger
fruits are obovoid and slightly asymmetrical, although not as conspicuously clavate
as those of the first four species of this treatment.

APOCYNACEAE

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 95. 1838.
Vinca rosea L. Syst. ed. 10. 944. 1759.
Lochnera rosea Reichenb. Consp. 134. 1828; Safford in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 9: 310.
1905; Christoph. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 128: 180. 1935; non Lochneria Scop. (1777).

Ammocallis rosea Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 936. 1903.

Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Waina, Maravu, near Salt Lake, Degener &
Ordonez 14188 (A) (low shrub, naturalized in coconut plantation). Koro: Eastern slope
of main ridge, alt. 100 m., Smith 1029 (NY) (subligneous herb to 1 m. high, a weed in
clearings).

This widespread plant is probably becoming commonly naturalized in Fiji; it
has apparently not previously been reported from the group. It has been re-
ported from several other Pacific groups, generally under the name Lochnera
rosea. However, Lochnera Reichenb. (1828) must be considered a later homo-
nym of Lochneria Scop. (Introd. 271. 1777) ; even though no binomial has ever
been used in connection with Scopoli’s genus, this is properly published and is
presumably named after the same individual as Lochnera Reichenb.

Alyxia linearifolia sp. nov.

Frutex scandens multiramosus ubique partibus florum exceptis glaber, ramulis
gracilibus fusco-cinereis juventute quadrangulatis demum subteretibus, inter-
nodiis apicem ramulorum versus 2-5 mm. longis; foliis congestis plerumque
quaternatis, petiolis minutis ad 1 mm. longis, laminis chartaceis in sicco viridibus
oblongo-linearibus, 2—-4.5 cm. longis, 1.5-2 mm. latis, basi acutis, apice obtusis,
marginibus parallelis integris et leviter revolutis, costa supra immersa vel leviter
impressa subtus conspicue elevata, nervis lateralibus brevibus immersis; inflores-
centiis axillaribus cymosis (1l—) 4—6-floris, pedunculo 3-8 mm. longo gracili
leviter angulato, bracteis subacutis anguste oblongis 0.5-0.7 mm. longis, pedicellis
gracilibus leviter angulatis 1-3 mm. longis, bracteolis nullis; calyce sub anthesi
1-1.2 mm. longo, lobis erectis membranaceis subacutis oblongo-deltoideis, circiter
0.7 mm. longis et 0.5 mm. latis, margine ciliolatis ; corolla submembranacea, tubo
urceolato-cylindrico, 3-3.5 mm. longo, paullo supra medium circiter 1.5 mm.
diametro, basim et apicem versus contracto, intus distaliter pallide villoso, lobis
imbricatis orbiculari-ovatis circiter 2 mm. diametro, apice rotundatis; staminibus
circiter 1 mm. infra apicem tubi insertis, filamentis glabris anguste ligulatis cir-
citer 0.3 mm. longis, antheris oblongo-deltoideis circiter 0.7 mm. longis, apice
acutis, basi leviter cordatis; disco parvo pilis pallidis circiter 0.3 mm. longis
setoso; carpellis distinctis elabris ovoideis, stylo gracili 1.4-1.7 mm. longo, stig-

108 SARGENTIA {1

mate parvo capitato, ovulis in quoque carpello 4 vel 5; fructibus plerumque 1 per
inflorescentiam, calyce persistente, stipite gracili circiter-2 mm. longo; drupa soli-
taria ellipsoidea subfalcata, 8-11 mm. longa, 6-7 mm. diametro, stylo incrassato
persistente coronata, pericarpio tenui (circiter 0.5 mm. crasso) extus levi vel
ruguloso intus siccitate rugoso, semine ellipsoideo circiter 7 mm. longo conspicue
rugoso.

Vitr Levu: Ra: Vatundamu, vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m., Degener
15396 (A, Type), June 2, 1941 (liana, in patch of arid forest on forehill; corolla white;
native name: vono).

Alyxia linearifolia is characterized by its congested and very narrow leaves,
its small flowers, and its long-stipitate fruits with a conspicuous persistent style.
It is probably a derivative of A. stellata (Forst.) R. & S., but, although that

Fig. 5. Alyxia linearifolia; a. fruiting branchlet, X 1; 0. flowering branchlet, X 1;
c. flowers, X 4; d. opened corolla, X 4; ¢. gynaecium, X 4; f. stamen, X 10.

species is generally taken to be very variable, the present plant can hardly be
forced into it. Possibly some of the specimens which have been referred to A.
Stellata (e.g. Gillespie 4568 |GH] from Ovalau, with leaf-blades 3-6 mm. broad)
will prove to be more closely related to A. linearifolia.

ASCLEPIADACEAE
Hoya R. Br.

The difficulties connected with this genus arise not so much from the lack of
good specific characters as from the fact that early descriptions omitted those
points which make accurate identification possible. Floral characters, especially
those pertaining to the shape and pubescence of calyx-lobes, size, texture, color,
and pubescence of corolla, and shape of corona-lobes, seem to be quite constant,
but such characters as the length of peduncles and pedicels and their pubescence
are not very reliable. Intangible foliage characters are discernible, and at least
the direction of the secondary nerves appears reliable.

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 109

Five species are apparent in Fiji, only one of which, H. australis R. Br., has
a range outside the group. Altitudinal range seems peculiarly without signifi-
cance in this group, at least in Fiji, as some species are found near the sea and
also toward the higher elevations in the forest. Only H. megalantha Turrill
seems to be restricted to high elevations. As earlier descriptions are often based
on inadequate material, I here redescribe four species and add a description of
a fifth which appears to be new.

KEY TO THE FIJIAN SPECIES

Corolla 25-45 mm. in diameter, rich pink or purple, the lobes 10-14 mm. broad, the sinuses
obtuse or flattened; lobes of corona 4.5-6 mm. long, shallowly concave above; occurring
ateelevations. ot A0U m0 Migher aw sume caine tz ane seems ne poco at: 1. H. megalantha.

Corolla 11-20 mm. in diameter, the lobes 4-8 mm. broad; lobes of corona 2.5—5 mm. long.

Lobes of corona 2.5-3.5 mm. long, concave above, inconspicuously bicarinate beneath; calyx-
lobes 1.5-3 mm. long, dorsally strigillose or conspicuously puberulent; corolla submem-
branous, white with colored center, minutely puberulent within, the sinuses acute; leaf-
blades usually broadly elliptic, subcordate or rounded at base .......... 2. H. australis.

Lobes of corona 3-5 mm. long, thick, flattened above, rounded beneath; corolla conspicu-
ously puberulent within.

Calyx-lobes deltoid-lanceolate, 3-3.5 mm. long, dorsally conspicuously strigillose; corolla
subcarnose, white, the sinuses acute’... ...c0.0.0s6c+eeeccec ccc ase 3. H. intermedia.
Calyx-lobes deltoid or ovate-deltoid, inconspicuous, 0.7-1.7 mm. long, glabrous except for
the ciliolate margin.
Corolla subcarnose, purplish or reddish, the sinuses obtuse; secondary nerves 5—7 per

SIGE; SPTeACifi ges .Xslachs\ace ae ac ot org nee RMR Petes Sos. bic Asis: aca aes 4. H, vitiensis.
Corolla submembranous, yellow, the sinuses acute; secondary nerves 3 or 4 per side,
ascending, oriented from costa toward base .......................5. HA. diptera.

1. Hoya megalantha Turrill in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 43: 33. 1915.

Vine with slender terete glabrous or obscurely puberulent branchlets ; petioles
slender, rugulose, 10-16 mm. long; leaf-blades subcoriaceous to papyraceous,
elliptic-ovate, 4-10 cm. long, 1.8-4 cm. broad, rounded or obtuse at base, acumi-
nate or acute at apex, pinnate-nerved, the costa slightly impressed above, sub-
prominent beneath, the secondary nerves 4 or 5 per side, inconspicuous, spread-
ing, anastomosing toward margins, slightly impressed or prominulous above,
prominulous beneath, the veinlet-reticulation immersed or prominulous on both
surfaces ; inflorescences axillary, umbellate, glabrous throughout except corolla,
the peduncle slender, 25-33 mm. long, swollen and ellipsoid-capitulate at apex,
the bracts minute, scariose-margined ; flowers 5-20 per inflorescence, the pedicels
slender, 28-35 mm. long; calyx-lobes membranous, ovate-deltoid, 1.5—2.5 mm.
long, 1.3-1.8 mm. broad, obtuse at apex, glabrous except at the sometimes cililo-
late margin; corolla subcarnose, rotate or broadly cyathiform, copiously but
faintly reticulate-veined, rich pink or deep purple, 25-45 mm. in diameter, very
minutely and densely papillose-puberulent within, the lobes broadly deltoid, 7-13
mm. long, 10-14 mm. broad, acute at apex, the sinuses obtuse or flattened ; lobes
of corona thick, oblong, 4.5-6 mm. long, 2-3.5 mm. broad, obtuse at apex, cuspi-
date or acuminate at base, shallowly concave above, rounded and deeply sulcate
beneath ; pollinia 0.8-1.2 mm. long; carpels glabrous.

Vanua Levu: Mbua: Navotuvotu, summit of Mt. Seatura, alt. 700-830 m., Smith 1649
(Bish, NY) (vine, in crest thickets; corolla rich pink). Taveunr: Borders of lake east
of Somosomo, alt. 700-900 m., Smith 863 (Bish, NY) (vine, in dense forest; sepals purple;
corolla rich pink; native name: ndrauwmbimbi) ; trail above Somosomo, alt. 750 m., Gillespie
4815 (Bish).

The species was originally described from specimens collected by im Thurn on
Mt. Victoria, Tholo North, Viti Levu, and Mt. Mbuke Levu, Kandavu. AI-

110 SARGENTIA ]

though I have not seen these, the cited material is referred to the species with
confidence, agreeing precisely with the earlier description. It is noteworthy that
H. megalantha has thus far been collected only in four widely separated montane
areas. Although having no foliage features which distinguish it from such
species as H. vitiensis, H. megalantha is very distinct on the basis of floral char-
acters mentioned in the key.

2. Hoya australis R. Br. ex Traill in Trans. Hort. Soc. 7: 28. 1827; Gibbs in Jour. Linn.
Soc. Bot. 39: 157. 1909; Turrill in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 43: 33. 1915.
Hoya bicarinata A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 5: 335. 1862; in Bonplandia 10: 37. 1862;
Seem. Fl. Vit. 163. 1866.
Hoya Billardieri sensu Seem. ex A. Gray in Bonplandia 10: 37, as synonym. 1862; non
Decaisne.

Vine with terete and glabrous or sparingly puberulent branchlets; petioles
rugulose, puberulent or glabrous, 6-22 mm. long; leaf-blades chartaceous or sub-
carnose, glabrous, broadly elliptic or oblong or suborbicular, (3—) 5-13 cm. long,
3-8 cm. broad, subcordate or rounded at base, short-acuminate or cuspidate at
apex, pinnate-nerved, the costa nearly plane or slightly canaliculate above, sub-
prominent beneath, the secondary nerves 4-6 per side, spreading, anastomosing
toward margins, prominulous on both surfaces, the veinlet-reticulation prominu-
lous on both surfaces or immersed; inflorescences axillary, umbellate, the pe-
duncle stout, 4-30 mm. long, glabrous or puberulent, ellipsoid-capitulate at apex,
the bracts inconspicuous ; flowers 20-35 per umbel at anthesis, the pedicels slender,
puberulent, 12-40 mm. long; calyx-lobes oblong-deltoid or lanceolate-oblong,
1.5-3 mm. long, 0.8-2 mm. broad, subacute at apex, dorsally strigillose or con-
spicuously puberulent; corolla submembranous, 13-17 mm. in diameter, white,
purplish or reddish at base within, densely but minutely puberulent within, the
lobes deltoid, 6-7 mm. long, 4-5.5 mm. broad, the sinuses acute; lobes of corona
ovoid, 2.53.5 mm. long, 1.8-2 mm. broad, obtuse at apex, acuminate at base,
concave above, inconspicuously bicarinate beneath; pollinia 0.6-0.8 mm. long ;
carpels usually pale-puberulent, sometimes apparently glabrous; fruits linear,
about 14 cm. long and 7 mm. broad, striate and usually puberulent at maturity.

Wavya, Yasawa Group: Nangua, alt. 330-460 m., St. John 18100 (A, Bish) (vine on
trees at edge of cliff ; corolla white; native name: nambetiambete), St. John 18164 (A, Bish)
(vine over bushes, in woods; flowers fragrant, the corolla white with purplish center).
Vint Levu: Tholo North: Slopes of Mt. Victoria, alt. 1200 m., Gillespie 4096.1
(Bish); Namosi: Wooded hills east of Namosi, alt. 475 m., Gillespie 2523 (Bish, NY,
UC); slopes of Mt. Voma, alt. 500 m., Gillespie 2494 (Bish) (native name: wa tambua).
Kanpavu: Namalata Isthmus region, near sea-level, Smith 4 (Bish, NY) (vine, on edge
of mangrove swamp; corolla white; native name: mbitimbiti). Taveunt: Vicinity of
Waiyevo, alt. 600 m., Gillespie 4747 (Bish) (in woods above coconut plantations). VANUA
Mpa.avu: Southern limestone section, near sea-level, Smith 1460 (Bish, NY) (vine, on
sea-cliff ; corolla white). Sovu, near Vanua Mbalavu: Bryan 590 (Bish) (vine, climbing
over rocks and trees in forest; flowers very fragrant; corolla white and deep red, alt. 5-60
m.). Furanca: Smith 1214 (Bish, GH, NY, UC, US) (vine, on limestone cliff in lagoon;
corolla white, rich purple at base; corona white; native name: mbitambita). WrrHout
DEFINITE LOCALITY: Seemann 319 (GH); U. S. Expl. Exped. (US).

As represented by the cited specimens, the present species is very coherent, be-
ing readily distinguished by its elongate strigillose calyx-lobes, its concave corona-
lobes, and its thin corollas which are only minutely puberulent within. Among
Fijian species it is further distinguished by its comparatively broad leaf-blades
which are usually subcordate at base. The above description is taken only from
the Fijian specimens and may require amplification when the species as a whole is

considered.

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 111

Hoya pilosa Seem. (ex A. Gray in Bonplandia 10: 37, nomen. 1862; Seem. FI.
Vit. 163, nomen. 1866; Britten in Jour. Bot. 36: 417, 418, nomen. 1898), which
has never been adequately described, is founded on Seemann 321, a sterile dupli-
cate of which is at GH. It has been referred to H. australis (or H. bicarinata),
but its leaf-blades are pilose beneath and I am dubious of its place here. In
shape and texture of leaf-blades it suggests the following new species, but because
of its pubescence it cannot definitely be placed there.

In referring the cited Fijian specimens to H. australis, I am following the ma-
jority of authors who have worked on this group. Bentham (FI. Austral. 4:
346. 1868) apparently had no doubt that H. bicarinata and H. australis were
synonyms, and his description fits the Pacific specimens fairly well. Britten (in
Jour. Bot. 36: 414. 1898) also places H. bicarinata in synonymy, remarking that
Asclepias volubilis Forst. (Fl. Ins. Austr. Prodr. 21, excl. syn. 1786), from the
New Hebrides, is also the same species. This position is followed by Setchell
(in Carn. Inst. Publ. 341: 57. 1924) and several other authors and is generally
accepted in herbaria.

Christophersen (in Bishop Mus. Bull. 128: 188. 1935) expresses the opinion
that H. bicarinata may be upheld for the Samoan specimens, at least for the time.
Basing his concept of H. australis upon Bentham’s description, Christophersen
points out several respects in which the Samoan material differs; these characters
concern the degree of pubescence of the young stem, the proportions of the
peduncle and the pedicels and their pubescence, and the color and pubescence of
the corolla. On the basis of a series of material from Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, and
the New Hebrides, I am convinced that characters concerning the length and
degree of pubescence of the peduncle and pedicels are of little consequence.
Specimens with adequate notes, from these regions, are said to have the corolla
purple to red or reddish brown at base within, while the inner surface is densely
and obviously puberulent. Australian specimens, on the other hand, are said to
have the corolla pink-tinged at the base within, while its inner surface is glabrous,
according to Bentham. However, the Australian specimens which are available
to me show that the corolla is obscurely but densely puberulent. As to its color,
it seems probable that the notes on Bentham’s specimens were not very complete,
and one may question the validity of this character.

In short, on the basis of Australian and Pacific material now available to me,
I find no reliable characters on which the specimens can be divided into H. aus-
tralis on the one hand and H. bicarinata on the other. Future observations and
monographic work on the genus may modify this opinion.

3. Hoya intermedia sp. nov.

Liana, ramis crassis teretibus glabris vel apicem versus pallide puberulis,
ramulis lateralibus brevibus 1-5 cm. longis dense foliatis ; petiolis crassis (circiter
3 mm. diametro) in sicco valde rugosis 10-20 mm. longis; laminis carnosis ob-
longis, 8-12 cm. longis, 2—4.5 cm. latis, basi obtusis, apice subacutis, pinnatinerviis,
costa supra leviter impressa subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 5-7
adscendentibus saepe immersis interdum utrinque prominulis, rete venularum im-
merso interdum utrinque prominulo; inflorescentiis axillaribus umbellatis, pedun-
culo crasso 10-15 mm. longo dense pallido-puberulo glabrescente, apice ellipsoideo-
capitulato interdum elongato-verrucoso ; bracteis deltoideis circiter 1 mm. longis
acutis puberulis; floribus sub anthesi 12-25 per inflorescentiam, pedicellis gra-
cilibus 17-30 mm. longis strigillosis (pilis albidis circiter 0.5 mm. longis) ; calycis
lobis membranaceis deltoideo-lanceolatis, 3-3.5 mm. longis, 1.8-2 mm. latis, dorso

112 SARGENTIA {1

conspicue strigillosis ; corolla subcarnosa rotata 16-17 mm. diametro intus copiose
et conspicue sericeo-puberula, lobis deltoideis 6-7 mm. longis et latis, apice acutis
et saepe recurvatis, sinibus acutis; coronae lobis crassis oblongis, 4.5-5 mm.
longis, 2-2.5 mm latis, apice obtusis, basi acutis vel cuspidatis, supra complanatis,
subtus rotundatis et profunde sulcatis; polliniis circiter 0.7 mm. longis ; carpellis
glabris.

Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Valethi, Savu Savu Bay region, alt. 10 m., Smith
309 (Bish, GH, NY, tyre, UC, US) (vine, in thickets; corolla white; corona pink-tinged ;
native name: ndraumbimbi).

In its elongate strigillose calyx-lobes, H. intermedia resembles H. australis,
while in characters of its corolla and corona it seems more closely related to 1.
vitiensis. The new species is further distinguished from both of its allies by its
habit, having short lateral foliaceous branchlets, its stout petioles, proportionately
narrower leaf-blades, and larger bracts.

4. Hoya vitiensis Turrill in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 43: 34. 1915.

Vine with slender terete glabrous branchlets; petioles stout, shallowly canalicu-
late, 5-19 mm. long; leaf-blades carnose or chartaceous, elliptic-ovate or oblong-
elliptic, 6-11 em. long, (1.5-) 3-7 cm. broad, rounded or obtuse or subcordate
at base, acuminate or cuspidate at apex, pinnate-nerved, the costa slightly im-
pressed or elevated above, subprominent beneath, the secondary nerves 5-7 per
side, spreading, anastomosing toward margins, slightly raised on both surfaces,
the veinlet-reticulation prominulous on both surfaces or sometimes immersed ;
inflorescences axillary, umbellate, glabrous throughout except corolla, the pe-
duncle slender, 30-55 mm. long, ellipsoid-capitulate at apex and occasionally
verrucose for the distal 15 mm., the bracts minute; flowers 12-20 per umbel at
anthesis, the pedicels slender, 22-40 mm. long; calyx-lobes membranous, incon-
spicuous, ovate-deltoid, 1-1.7 mm. long, 1.2-1.5 mm. broad, obtuse at apex, gla-
brous except at the ciliolate margin; corolla subcarnose, 16-20 mm. in diameter,
copiously and conspicuously sericeo-puberulent within, the lobes deltoid, 5-7 mm.
long, 6-8 mm. broad, often recurved at margin, the sinuses obtuse; lobes of
corona thick, oblong, 4-5 mm. long, 1.5-2.7 mm. broad, obtuse at apex, acuminate
at base, flattened above, rounded and deeply sulcate beneath; pollinia 0.6-1 mm.
long; carpels glabrous; fruits about 3 per mature inflorescence, the calyx per-
sistent, the carpel linear, 16-21 cm. long, 7-9 mm. in diameter, striate when dried,
glabrous.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 750-1000 m., Parks 20732
(Bish, UC) (vine, on trees in forest; flowers maroon or waxy-purple-white), Degener 14304
(A) (vine, in forest; corolla pale purplish red, velvety; corona pale claret) ; Mt. Matomba,
near Nandarivatu, alt. 750-900 m., Degener 14627a (A) (native name: wandra; used for
garlands); Namosi: Vicinity of Namosi, alt. 450 m., Gillespie 2599 (Bish) (native
name: wa tambua ndamundamu); Mt. Naitarandamu, alt. 900 m., Gillespie 3095 (Bish) ;
Rewa: Vicinity of Suva, alt. 150 m., Gillespie 2180 (Bish, UC) (in woods); Naita-
siri: Mt. Korombamba, southeastern slopes, alt. 300 m., Gillespie 2305 (Bish, UC).
WITHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY: lorne (GH).

Although I have not seen the type, collected at Nandarivatu by im Thurn, the
original description leaves no doubt as to identification of the species. Note-
worthy characters are found in the densely pubescent thick corolla, the lobes of
which are separated by obtuse sinuses, the inconspicuous calyx-lobes, and the
spreading secondary nerves of the leaf-blades. Specimens with adequate notes
apparently have the corollas richly colored, a character which contrasts with such
species as H. australis, H. intermedia, and H. diptera.

The identity of H. Barracki Horne (A Year in Fiji, 263, nomen. 1881) is
dubious, although Baker (in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 20: 369. 1883) refers it to 1.

1942} SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 113

australis. If the above-cited Horne specimen at GH represents a duplicate of
H. Barracki, the name should be referred to H. vitiensis.

5. Hoya diptera Seem. ex A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 5: 336, nomen. 1862; A. Gray in
Bonplandia 10: 37, nomen. 1862; Seem. Fl. Vit. 163. 1866; Turrill in Jour. Linn.
Soc. Bot. 43: 33. 1915.

Vine with slender glabrous or distally puberulent branchlets, sometimes the
branchlets short, lateral, densely foliaceous; petioles rugulose, 5-15 mm. long,
pale puberulent or glabrous; leaf-blades subcarnose, elliptic or ovate-elliptic or
narrowly oblong, 3.5—-8 cm. long, (1—) 2-3.2 cm. broad, obtuse at base, cuspidate
or obtusely short-acuminate at apex, pinnate-nerved, the costa slightly impressed
or plane above, subprominent beneath, the secondary nerves 3 or 4 per side, as-
cending, oriented from costa toward base, prominulous on both surfaces or sub-
immersed, the veinlet-reticulation immersed; inflorescences axillary, umbellate,
the peduncle 10-45 mm. long, glabrous or obscurely puberulent, ellipsoid-
capitulate at apex, sometimes verrucose for the distal 5 mm., the bracts incon-
spicuous ; flowers 5-10 per umbel at anthesis, the pedicels slender, 8-20 mm. long,
glabrous or sparsely pale puberulent; calyx-lobes membranous, inconspicuous,
deltoid, 0.7-1.1 mm. long and broad, glabrous except at the ciliolate margin;
corolla submembranous, 11-16 mm. in diameter, yellow, copiously and conspicu-
ously puberulent within, the lobes deltoid or ovate-deltoid, 4-6 mm. long and
broad, often recurved at margin, the sinuses acute; lobes of corona thick, oblong,
34.2 mm. long, 1.6-1.8 mm. broad, obtuse at apex, acuminate at base, flattened
above, rounded beneath; pollinia 0.5—0.6 mm. long; carpels glabrous.

Vitr Levu: Tholo North: Nauwanga, near Nandarivatu, alt. about 750 m..
Degener 14333 (A) (vine, in open forest; corolla yellow, reddish toward center), Degener
14755 (A) (liana, in forest; corolla yellow); Naitasiri: Vicinity of Nasinu, alt. 150
m., Gillespie 3556 (Bish, UC) (liana with pendent inflorescences, in woods). VANUA Levu:
Thakaundrove: Savuthuru Mt., near Valethi, alt. 90 m., Degener & Ordonez 13832
(A) (vine, in forest; corolla yellow) ; Vatunivuamonde Mt., alt. 240 m., Degener & Ordonez

14014 (A) (vine, in open forest; corolla yellow). WiITHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY: Seemann
320 (TYPE CoLL., GH) (Viti Levu and Taveuni); U. S. Expl. Exped. (US).

As represented by the cited specimens, this species is characterized by incon-
spicuous calyx-lobes, a comparatively thin corolla which is yellow and perhaps
reddish tinged at base within, and by the ascending secondary nerves of its leaf-
blades. The cited type duplicate does not show the flattened subalate peduncles
mentioned by Seemann, and I am inclined to believe that this character, apparently
the source of the specific name, was due merely to the degree of pressing of the
actual type. In foliage the type duplicate is an excellent match for the other cited
specimens.

CONVOLVULACEAE
Merremia nymphaeifolia (Bl.) Hall. f. in Versl. ’S Lands Plantent. 1895: 127. 1896;

Reinecke in Bot. Jahrb. 25: 671. 1898.
Kanpavu: Namalata Isthmus region, alt. 0-30 m., Smith 191 (GH, NY) (vine, in
thickets; corolla white).
This species, which Reinecke reports from Samoa, is here first mentioned
from Fiji; the determination is by Dr. S. J. van Ooststroom.
Operculina Turpethum (L.) S. Manso, Enum. Subst. Braz. 16. 1836; Christoph. in
Bishop Mus. Bull. 154: 39. 1938.
Vitt Levu: Ra: Vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m., Degener 15404
(A) (weed in garden and along roadsides, uncommon; native name: wa ndamundamtu ).
This species, mentioned from Samoa by Christophersen, has not previously
been reported from Fiji.

114 SARGENTIA {1

Quamoclit pennata (Desr.) Boj. Hort. Maurit. 224, as Q. pinnata. 1837; Voigt, Hort.
Suburb. Calcut. 353. 1845.
Vanua Mpatavu: Central volcanic section, near Lomaloma, alt. 100-200 m., Smith
1421 (GH, NY) (vine; corolla bright red; weed in clearings).
This tropical American plant, now widely naturalized, has not previously been
reported from Fiji. The genus is thus far unreported from the group.

Quamoclit coccinea (L.) Moench, var. hederifolia (L.) House in Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.
18: 262. 1908.
Vitt Levu: Tholo West: Viro, near Saru, Tabualewa 15615 (GH).
This widely naturalized plant has apparently not previously been reported from
Fiji or nearby groups.

VERBENACEAE
By H. N. Mo.ipeNKE

Lantana Camara L. var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke in Torreya 34: 9. 1934.

Lantana aculeata L. Sp. Pl. 627. 1753.

Virt Levu: Tholo North: Nandala, vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. about 750 m.,
Degener 15026 (A, NY) (shrub about 3 m. high; native name: tokalau). WVANUA Levu:
Thakaundrove: Hills south of Nakula Valley, alt. 10-30 m., Smith 341 (NY) (sub-
scandent shrub 1-4 m. high, common; corolla white to pink; fruit black; native name:
waiwat).

From our records it appears that neither the species nor the variety has previ-
ously been recorded from Fiji in taxonomic literature, although the latter is abun-
dantly naturalized there. The Degener collection has the involucral bractlets
remarkably large and conspicuous, somewhat approaching those seen in the mate-
rial now passing as L. Moritziana Otto & Dietr. from tropical America.

Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl, Enum. 1: 209. 1804.

Vitt Levu: Nandi: Vicinity of Nandi, Degener 15327 (A, NY) (common in a large
field; flowers red); Tholo North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 900 m., Gillespie 4418
(NY).

The species has not previously been reported from Fiji.

Stachytarpheta urticaefolia (Salisb.) Sims in Curtis, Bot. Mag. 43: pl. 1848, as S. urti-
cifolia. 1816.

Cymburus urticaefolius Salisb. Parad. Lond. pl. 53. 1806.

Virtt Levu: Rewa: Suva, Meebold 8161 (NY), Degener & Ordones 13505 (A, NY)
(roadside weed, to 1 m. high; corolla dark purplish blue). Kanpavu: Namalata Isthmus
region, near sea-level, Smith 11 (NY) (herb to 1 m. high, a weed in clearing; corolla deep
blue; native name: tumbutumbu). Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Maravu, near
Salt Lake, near sea-level, Degener & Ordonez 14212 (A, NY) (naturalized in coconut grove;
corolla dark blue).

This widespread weed has not previously been reported from Fiji under the
above name, having been widely confused with S. indica (L.) Vahl and S.
jamaicensis (L.) Vahl.

Premna taitensis Schau. var. marchionica F. H. Br. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 130: 248, as
P. tahitensis var. m. 1935.
Vitt Levu: Ra: Nanukuloa, Degener & Ordonez 13674 (A); near coast on Viti
Levu Bay, Degener & Ordones 13693 (A).
These collections are the first of the variety to be recorded from Fiji; it was
originally reported from the Marquesas and Tuamotus.

Premna taitensis Schau. var. rimatarensis F. H. Br. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 130: 248, as
P. tahitensis var. r. 1935.

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II io

Vitt Levu: Lautoka: North of Lomolomo, Degener & Ordonez 13641 (A, NY)
(large tree, in a ravine in small jagged hills); Tholo North: Korovou, east of Tavua,
alt. 60-150 m., Degener 14949 (A, NY) (tree, in isolated dry forested ravine). OvaALau:
Near Levuka, alt. 30 m., Degener & Ordonez 13793 (A, NY) (tree 5 m. high, in shrubby
pasture; native name: rauvula). Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Maravu, near
Salt Lake, Degener & Ordonez 14183 (A, NY) (tree, in forest; timber used in house-
building; native names: yaro, tavotavo).

The variety, originally described from the Austral Islands, is here first re-
corded from Fiji.

Vitex quinata (Lour.) F. N. Will. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 5: 431. 1905.

Vitex heterophylla Roxb. Hort. Beng. 46, hyponym. 1814.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nauwanga, vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. about 750 m.,
Degener 14481 (A, NY) (small tree, in forest; native name: mbo).

The cited specimen is the first of the species known from F1j1.

Vitex trifolia L. var. bicolor (Willd.) Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distr. Verb. 79. 1942.

Vitex bicolor Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 660. 1809.

Vitex Negundo L. var. bicolor H. J. Lam, Verb. Malay. Arch. 191. 1919.

Vitt Levu: Ra: Shore of Viti Levu Bay, Degener & Ordonez 13691 (A, NY)
(shrub); Serua: Negaloa, near shore, Degener & Ordonez 13620 (A, NY) (shrub about
1.5 m. high). Makonpronca: Degener & Ordonez 13815 (A) (shrub 2 m. high, on
coast). Kanpavu: Western end of island, near Cape Washington, Smith 314 (GH, NY)
(spreading tree 4 m. high, on sandy coast; corolla deep blue, paler without; native name:
ndrala). VAnua Levu: Thakaundrove: Maravu, near Salt Lake, Degener &
Ordonez 14058 (A, NY) (shrub 1-2 m. high, on strand; corolla blue). FuLANGA: Smith
1200 (NY) (tree 10 m. high, on beach; corolla blue; native name: ndrala).

I cannot agree with Dr. Lam that the closest affinity of this plant is with the
Indian V. Negundo L. It always grows in a habitat similar to that of V. trifolia
L. and, indeed, often in close association with the typical form of this species
(with three leaflets) and the unifoliolate form (V. trifolia var. simplicifolia
Cham.). Its inflorescence characters all point unmistakably to a very close af-
finity with V. trifolia, rather than with V. Negundo. The confusion has doubt-
less arisen from the fact that many Asiatic specimens of V. trifolia and its varie-
ties have been identified as V. Negundo in herbaria.

Clerodendrum fragrans (Vent.) R. Br. var. pleniflorum Schau. in DC. Prodr. 11: 666, as
Clerodendron fragrans B pleniflora. 1847; Lam, Verb. Malay. Arch. 260, as Clero-
dendron flagrans var. pleniflora. 1919.

Vitt Levu: Ra: Nanukuloa, Degener & Ordones 13672 (A) (shrub, along roadside).
This appears to be the first record from Fiji of either the species or the variety.
Clerodendrum speciosissimum Van Geert ex Morren in Hort. Belg. 3: 322. pl. 68, as
Clerodendron s. 1836; Paxt. in Mag. Bot. 3: 217, 271. 1837.
Clerodendron fallax Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 30: 19. 1844.

Vitt Levu: Lautoka: North of Natalau, alt. 30 m. Degener 14987 (A, NY)
(shrub, naturalized in dry rocky forest); Tholo West: Mbelo, near Vatukarasa, alt.
150 m., Degener 15168 (A) (shrub, sparingly naturalized in pasture among guavas).
Kanpavu: Namalata Isthmus region, near sea-level, Smith 188 (NY) (herb 1 m. high;
floral parts bright red; in clearing).

This species has not previously been recorded from Fiji.

LABIATAE

Pogostemon Cablin (Blanco) Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12: 156. 1848.

Vitt Levu: Tholo West: Vatukarasa, alt. 120-300 m., Degener 15326 (A) (leaves
used to scent coconut oil; native name: tukilamlam). VANuA Levu: Thakaundrove:

116 SARGENTIA . [1

Vatunivuamonde Mt., Savu Savu Bay region, alt. about 400 m., Degener & Ordonez 14018
(A) (sprawling shrub to 1 m. high, in clearing near summit).

Pogostemon Cablin appears not to have been previously reported from this
part of the Pacific; it is apparently becoming naturalized in Fiji.

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Limnophila rugosa (Roth) Merr. Interpret. Herb. Amb. 466. 1917.
Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Valanga, Savu Savu Bay region, alt. 30 m.,
Degener & Ordonez 13910 (GH) (subprostrate, in springy clearing; flowers pale blue).
Although the species has not previously been reported from Fiji under this
name, Hemsley (in Rep. Voy. Challenger 1(3) : 243. 1885) implies that Seemann
352 (cited as Adenosma triflora (Roxb.) Nees in Seem. Fl. Vit. 185. 1866) is
identical with Limnophila Roxburght G. Don, a synonym of L. rugosa.

GESNERIACEAE
Cyrtandra tomentosa sp. nov.

Frutex, ramulis crassis rectis subteretibus apicem versus pilis castaneis multi-
septatis ad 4 mm. longis densissime strigoso-tomentosis demum glabrescentibus
cinereis striatis ; foliis oppositis, petiolis crassis ad 4.5 cm. longis ut ramulis pilosis,
laminis papyraceis oblongo-lanceolatis, 15-23 cm. longis, 2.5—5.5 cm. latis, basi
gradatim attenuatis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice angustatis et acuminatis,
margine dentibus curvatis callosis 1-4 per centimetrum inconspicue serratis vel
basim versus integris, supra minute scrobiculatis et pilis castaneis ad 3 mm. longis
multiseptatis basi bulbosis hispidis demum glabrescentibus et scabris, subtus pilis
tenuioribus brevioribus ferrugineis densissime et persistenter tomentosis et costa
hispidis, costa supra subplana subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus
9-12 arcuato-adscendentibus supra subplanis subtus paullo elevatis, rete venu-
larum immerso vel subtus leviter prominulo; inflorescentiis axillaribus cymosis
congestis ut videtur 3- vel 4-floris, pedunculo subnullo, bracteis paucis parvis
deltoideo-oblongis ad 4 mm. longis setosis; pedicellis 1-5 mm. longis cum calyce
dense fulvo-strigoso-tomentellis (pilis multiseptatis 2-4 mm. longis) ; calyce sub
fructu juvenili papyraceo campanulato circiter 10 mm. longo pilis pallidis multi-
septatis circiter 4 mm. longis basi intus dense sericeo-strigoso, lobis 5 subaequalibus
attenuatis deltoideo-lanceolatis 4-5 mm. longis; disco tenuiter carnoso breviter
tubuloso circiter 1 mm. alto integro; gynaecio glabro, ovario ellipsoideo, stylo
circiter 6 mm. longo, stigmate capitato circiter 1.5 mm. diametro; fructibus
juvenilibus ad 10 mm. longis et 6 mm. latis ellipsoideis apicem versus angustatis,
pericarpio ruguloso circiter 0.7 mm. crasso, calyce ut videtur persistente.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nandrau, vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. about 600 m.,
Degener 14889 (A, Type), Mar. 26, 1941 (shrub, in forest; native name: mbeta).

A member of the Section Campanulaceae, C. tomentosa bears a close resem-
blance in its pubescence to C. Chippendalei Horne, but differs in its oblong-
lanceolate and much narrower leaf-blades, which are long-attenuate rather than
cuneate or obtuse at base, and its somewhat shorter pedicels and calyx, the latter
with proportionately longer and narrower lobes.

Cyrtandra Aloisiana sp. nov.

Frutex circiter 1 m. altus, ramulis gracilibus juventute pilis multiseptatis 2-4
mm. longis densissime ferrugineo-villosis demum glabris cinereis obscure quad-
rangularibus ; foliis oppositis, petiolis gracilibus 1.5-3 cm. longis leviter canalicu-
latis ut ramulis villosis glabrescentibus, laminis papyraceis elliptico-oblongis, 10-21
cm. longis, 4-8 cm. latis, basi attenuatis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice sub-
acutis vel gradatim acuminatis, margine inconspicue serratis (dentibus 1-4 per

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 117

centimetrum mucronulatis), supra sparse hispidis (pilis circiter 2 mm. longis
basi bulbosis), subtus praecipue costa nervisque longe ferrugineo-pilosis, costa
supra subplana vel leviter impressa subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrin-
secus 6-8 adscendentibus supra planis vel insculptis subtus leviter elevatis, venulis
subtus prominulis ; inflorescentiis cymosis axillaribus, pedunculo 3-6 (sub fructu
ad 15) mm. longo pilis ferrugineis patentibus multiseptatis 1.5-2 mm. longis dense
villoso ; bracteis exterioribus 2 papyraceis lanceolato-ovatis, 15-17 mm. longis, 6-7
mim. latis, longe acuminatis, utrinque ut pedunculo dense villosis, bracteis inte-
rioribus pluribus submembranaceis ovatis, 7-8 mm. longis, 4-5 mm. latis, acumi-
natis, utrinque sericeo-villosis; floribus 4-8 per inflorescentiam congestis, pedi-
cellis gracilibus sub anthesi 5-6 mm. sub fructu ad 12 mm. longis ut pedunculo
villosis; calyce submembranaceo 7-9 mm. longo fere ad basim 5-lobato, lobis
lanceolatis, 5-7 mm. longis, circiter 2 mm. latis, acuminatis, extus ut bracteis
pilosis, intus glabris; corolla membranacea cylindrica, sub anthesi 15-16 mm.
longa, circiter 4 mm. diametro, extus glabra vel distaliter sparse pilosa, intus
glabra, lobis 5 aequalibus suborbiculari-ovatis circiter 4 mm. diametro rotundatis ;
staminibus fauce insertis glabris, filamentis filiformibus circiter 2 mm. longis,
antheris deltoideo-oblongis, 1.5—2.5 mm. longis, apice mucronulatis, basi cordatis ;
disco subcarnoso annulari glabro circiter 0.7 mm. alto; gynaecio glabro; ovario
ellipsoideo, stylo gracili ad 5 mm. longo, stigmate capitato circiter 2 mm. diametro ;
fructibus juvenilibus anguste oblongo-ellipsoideis apicem versus angustatis, calyce
demum deciduo.

Vitt Levu: Tholo West: Uluvatu, vicinity of Mbelo, near Vatukarasa, Tabualewa
15619 (A); Serua: Thulanuku, vicinity of Ngaloa, near sea-level, Degener 15105 (A,
tyre), Apr. 29, 1941 (shrub about 1 m. high, on wet forested slope near ocean; corolla
yellowish; stems used medicinally; native name: imakamakandora).

A species of the Section Polynesieae, C. Aloisiana seems most closely related
to C. anthropophagorum Seem., with which it agrees fairly well in foliage, dif-
fering in its more compact and short-pedunculate inflorescence, short pedicels,
and essentially glabrous rather than villose corollas. The new species has the
pubescence of the young parts and the nerves of the lower surfaces of leaf-blades
conspicuously longer.

At Mr. Degener’s suggestion, the species is named for Aloisio Tabualewa, a
Fijian collector who was of great assistance to him, especially in the Serua region.

ACANTHACEAE

Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb. Hort. Beng. 45. 1814; Fl. Ind. ed. 2. 3: 34. 1832.

Vitt Levu: Ra: Vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m., Degener 15493
(A) (sparingly persistent on low land). !

This native of India, previously unreported from the islands near Fiji, is
apparently becoming naturalized.

Dyschoriste repanda (A. Gray) comb. nov.

Chaetacanthus repandus A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 5: 349, excl. syn. 1862; Seem. F1.
Vit. 185. 1866.

Calophanes repandus Benth. & Hook. f. ex Drake, Ill. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pac. 257. 1892;
Gillespie in Bishop Mus. Bull. 91: 27. f. 30. 1932.

Vitt Levu: Tholo West: Viro, near Saru, Tabualewa 15616 (A) (low shrub).
OvaLtau: U.S. Expl. Exped. (GH, Type coiy.), Graeffe (GH). Vanua Levu: Tha-
kaundrove: Southern slope of Valanga Range, alt. 200-400 m., Smith 388 (GH, NY)
(shrub 1 m. high, in dense forest; corolla white) ; between Valanga and Urata, Savu Savu
Bay region, near sea-level, Degener & Ordonez 13861 (A) (shrub 1 m. high, in rocky
forest; corolla white). WITHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY: Horne 238 (GH).

118 SARGENTIA [1

Although the corolla-lobes are scarcely contorted, the flowers of our species
nevertheless agree with those of many other species which fall into Lindau’s con-
cept (in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. IV. 3b: 302. 1895) of Dyschoriste Nees. The generic

name has not previously been noted in the literature pertaining to Fijian plants.

Graptophyllum insularum (A. Gray) comb. nov.

Eranthemiumn insularum A, Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 5: 349. 1862; in Bonplandia 10: 37.
1862; Seem. Fl. Vit. 186. 1866; Drake, Ill. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pac. 257. 1892; Hemsl. in
Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 187. 1894.

Graptophyllum siphonostena F. vy. Muell. Fragm, Phyt. Austr. 6: 87, nomen. 1868: Hemsl.
in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 187, nomen. 1894; Stapf ex Hemsl. in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot.
30: 214. 1894; Lindau in E. & P. Nat. PA. IV. 3b: 327. 1895; Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc.
Bot. 35: 49. 1901; Gibbs in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 159. 1909,

Vitt Levu: Lautoka: North of Lomolomo, alt. 60 m., Degener & Ordonez 13724
(A) (shrub 1 m. high, on shaded ledge; corolla pale purplish pink) ; north of Natalau, alt.
60 m., Degener 14999 (A) (shrub to 3 m. high, in dry rocky forest: corolla red); Tholo
North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 600-900 m., Degener & Ordonez 13562 (A) (tree
3 m. high, in rain-forest; corolla dark red), Degener 14823 (A) (tree 4 m. high, in open
forest; corolla purplish red), Degener 14896 (A) (in forest: leaves bronzed beneath) ;
Rewa: Visari R., Prince (GH). Ovatau: Seemann 351, in part (GH, type coll. of
G. siphonostena). Kanpavu: Namalata Isthmus region, near sea-level, Smith 44 (GH,
NY) (shrub 8 m. high, in low forest; fruit green). Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove-
Mathuata boundary: Korotini Range, alt. 650-900 m., Smith 562 (GH, NY) (tree
5 m. high, in dry forest; corolla rich pink); Thakaundrove: Maravu, near Salt Lake,
alt. 90 m., Degener & Ordonez 14202 (A) (scraggly shrub 1 m. high, on forested slope;
corolla red). FuLranca: Smith 1120 (GH, NY) (slender shrub 1 m. high, in forest on
limestone formation, alt. 0-80 m.: corolla rich pink). WutHout DEFINITE LocaLity: U. S,
Expl. Exped. (GH, Type coLt.).

TONGA: “Vavau and Lifuka,” Harvey (GH).

There seems no doubt that the two synonyms cited above refer to the same
concept. Although both Mueller and Stapf, in their discussions of Grapto-
phyllum siphonostena, cite the Seemann collection without number, they doubtless
had part of his number 357. Under this number, as Gray noted (in Bonplandia
10: 37. 1862), Seemann had combined his specimens of the present species and
Eranthemum laxiflorum |— Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum (A. Gray) Hubbard].
That Mueller’s name does not refer to the latter species is obvious from Stapf’s
description and his citation of the Harvey specimen from Tonga. This same
Tongan collection was cited in Gray’s original description of Eranthemum insu-
larum. The species clearly falls into Graptophyllum Nees in Lindau’s system.

RUBIACEAE
By F. R. Fossperc

DoLicHoLopium A. Gray

The Fijian species of Dolicholobium are not especially well understood and
are not separated by very clear distinguishing characters. Four species have
been described, of which D. Macgregori Horne seems to be the most distinct, but
chiefly on the basis of the much greater size of all of its parts. It may, however,
have to be associated with D. latifolium A. Gray when the latter is better known.
D. latifolium has apparently not been found since the original collection, and
cannot be satisfactorily treated at present. It seems to differ chiefly in leaf-
shape from D. oblongifolium A. Gray. From this latter species D. longissimum
Seem. differs principally in the spreading rather than appressed pubescence.
These two I would associate as varieties, along with a third variety described to

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 119

accommodate much of what has been referred to D. oblongifolium, but which
differs somewhat from the type. An arrangement of these varieties is given
below under D. oblongifolium, the oldest name. Varying characters, in addition
to those on which the varieties are founded, occur in the length of the fruit and
in the pistillate calyx, which in certain specimens is somewhat lobed. These cor-
relate with nothing else and are, at least for the present, disregarded.

Dolicholobium oblongifolium A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 309. 1860.

This species must be considered the type of the genus, since Gray says that
flowering specimens of it collected by Milne afforded the materials necessary for
characterizing the genus.

Dolicholobium oblongifolium var. oblongifolium (A. Gray) Fosberg, nom. nov.

Dolicholobium oblongifolium A. Gray, |. c. (s. str.).

Leaves thin, 12-17 cm. long, obovate-oblanceolate, acuminate at apex, cuneate
at base, the midrib, petioles, stipules, inflorescence and fruit loosely appressed-
or subappressed-pilose.

Vanua Levu: Mbua: Sandalwood Bay, U. S. Expl. Exped. (US, Type). TAVEUNT:
Gillespie 4721 (US, NY).

I have seen three other U. S. Exploring Expedition sheets (1 GH, 2 NY)
which are identical with the one cited above, but which are without locality.
The National Herbarium sheet is designated as the type, since it has a definite
locality and is more complete.

Dolicholobium oblongifolium var. Degeneri Fosberg, var. nov.

Folia crassa chartacea, basi obtusa, vix strigosa.

Leaves short, obovate or oblong, the apex scarcely acuminate, the base obtuse,
the pubescence thin, strigose, the veins 10 or 11 on a side.

Vanua Levu: Mbua: Navotuvotu, summit of Mt. Seatura, alt. 700-830 m., Apr. 27,
1934, Smith 1643 (GH, NY, US, type). Other collections, which it seems unnecessary to
cite in detail, are as follows: Vit1 Levu: Gillespie 2017, 4225, 2559 (all US), 3618, 4284,
2646, 3618, 3614 (all NY); Degener 14423, 14747, 14816 (all USNA, A); Degener &
Ordonez 13769 (USNA, A); Tabualewa 15590 (USNA, A). Vanua Levu: Smith 1573,
1871 (both GH, NY, US). Koro: Smith 1053 (GH, NY, US), approaching var. oblongi-
folium. WuitHovut Locatity: Horne 518, 868 (both GH).

Dolicholobium oblongifolium var. longissimum (Seem.) Fosberg, comb. nov.

Dolicholobium longissimum Seem. in Bonplandia 9: 256, nomen. 1861; Fl. Vit. 121. pl. 25.

1866.

Leaves obovate, slightly acuminate, the veins usually 10 or 11 per side, the
pubescence dense, rusty, velutinous-tomentose.

Vitt Levu: Seemann 215 (GH, Tyee cort.). VANUA Levu: Thakaundrove:
Mt. Mariko, alt. 600-866 m., Simith 426 (GH, NY, US).

Gillespie 3488 (NY), from Vanua Levu, with stipules obovate rather than
oblong and with veins 12-14 per side, must also belong here.

NEONAUCLEA Merr.

Neonauclea Forsteri (Seem.) Merr. in Jour. Wash. Acad. 5: 540. 1915.
Nauclea Forsteri Seem. Fl. Vit. 121. 1866.
Neonauclea vitiensis Gillespie in Bishop Mus. Bull. 74: 28. 1930.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Near Nandarivatu, Gillespie 4188 (NY, isotype of N.
vitiensis); Tholo West: Naruku, vicinity of Mbelo, near Vatukarasa, alt. 120-300 m.,
Degener 15232 (USNA, A); Uluvatu, same general locality, Degener 15312 (USNA, A);
Tholo East: Wainimala Valley, south of Matawailevu, St. John 18375 (Bish).

120 SARGENTIA (1

I can now see no essential difference between N. vitiensis and N. Forstert.
When I noted the St. John collection as N. vitiensis (in Bull. Torrey Club 67:
419. 1940) I thought that the Fijian plant had thicker and differently shaped
leaves, but the cited Degener collections completely break down these differences.
The supposed pedicels to which I referred in that publication are merely the per-
sistent axes of the fruits. N. vitiensis, when originally published, was not com-
pared with N. Forsteri, but Sarcocephalus pacificus Rein. was mentioned as con-
generic. The latter is now referred to the genus Sarcopygme.

Ranpra [Houst.] L.

Randia [Houst.] L. Sp. Pl. 1192. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5. 74. 1754.

Pelagodendron Seem. Fl. Vit. 124. 1866.

Canthiopsis Seem. Fl. Vit. 166. 1866.

The two monotypic genera, Pelagodendron and Canthiopsis, described by See-
mann in Flora Vitiensis in Rubiaceae and Loganiaceae respectively, seem to be
identical. Examination of an isotype of Pelagodendron vitiense, Seemann 240
(NY), shows that it belongs to the same species as his Canthiopsis odorata, which
has long since been transferred to Randia, where it certainly belongs. Specimens
which have been referred to Pelagodendron have somewhat larger leaves, but are
otherwise identical with Randia odorata. The separation of these into different
families by Seemann was apparently due to faulty observation of the ovary and
ovules of Canthiopsis, as otherwise his descriptions of the two do not differ sig-
nificantly. His illustration shows an almost superior ovary with one ovule in a
cell. Bentham and Hooker, Drake, Gillespie, and A. C. Smith have all agreed in
referring Canthiopsis to Randia. Of these at least Bentham and Hooker and
Smith had access to the type. Smith also compared his no. 1438 with the type of
Pelagodendron vitiense and noted that it does not differ essentially. The sheet of
Seemann 240 at New York is labelled “Randia? teste Seem.,” showing that
Seemann was aware that at least fruiting material showed a resemblance to
Randia. On this sheet there is a condensed inflorescence having the appearance
of a “witches’ broom,” which may have been what Seemann meant in his descrip-
tion by “floribus axillaribus fasciculatis.” This looks to me like an abnormal
inflorescence.

Randia vitiensis (Seem.) Fosberg, comb. nov.

Pelagodendron vitiense Seem. Fl. Vit. 124. April 2, 1866.

Canthiopsis odorata Seem. Fl. Vit. 166. Oct. 1, 1866.

Randia odorata B. & H. ex Drake, Ill. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pac. 191. 1890.

Viti Levu: Serua: Vicinity of Ngaloa, alt. 0-150 m., Degener 15186 (USNA, A);
Naitasiri: Korombamba Mt., Gillespie 2220 (NY, US); Tamavua woods, Gillespie
2019 (NY, US). Ovarau: Seemann 240 (NY, tsotype). VANuA Levu: Thakaun-
drove: Yanawai River region, Smith 1832 (NY, US), Degener & Ordonez 14118
(USNA, A). Vanua Msaravu: Malatta islet, Smith 1438 (NY).

Since the fascicle in which Pelagodendron is published is dated earlier than
that in which Canthiopsis appeared, the epithet vitiensis must take precedence.

Dorisra Gillespie

Dorisia flavida (Seem.) A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 140. 1936.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nandarivatu, alt. 800-900 m., Degener & Ordonez
13579 (USNA, A).

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 121

This collection extends the range of the species to Viti Levu. It has been
previously reported from Rambi and Vanua Levu, where, judging by the number
of collections, it must be rather common.

This species shows considerable variation. The Degener specimen is glabrous,
has small, ovate to broadly elliptic coriaceous leaves, with the veins close together
and prominently reticulate. Smith’s specimens from Vanua Levu (nos. 430,
1790, 1932) have the leaves larger, thinner, elliptic to narrowly obovate, with less
prominent veins, and are all perfectly glabrous. Another specimen from Vanua
Levu (Mbua: between Mbua and Devoka, Mrs. H. B. R. Parham IIT | A]), with
large leaves similar to those of the Smith material, has the under surface of the
leaves, the branchlets, the midrib of the stipules, and the inflorescence closely
papillate-hirtellous. The fruits of this fragmentary specimen are rather small,
but not significantly different. When better material of this plant is available it
may well prove to be a distinct species, or at least a variety.

Trmonius DC.

Timonius affinis var. sapotaefolius (A. Gray) Fosberg, comb. nov.

Timonius sapotaefolius A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 35. 1860.

Differs from T. affinis A. Gray only in the less prominent and more numerous
secondary veins, and in the more prominent areolation between them.

WITHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY: U. S. Expl. Exped. (US, type, GH).

Two sheets, both sterile, but probably belonging here, from Samoa (Savaii:
Tuata, Reinecke 388 [US]), have the stems more fleshy and the leaves larger
than on the type.

The sheet at Washington is designated as the type, as the one at Gray is only
a fragment with drawings.

Timonius Smithii Fosberg, sp. nov.

Arbor subglabra; folia late elliptica acuta petiolata; stipulae strigosae ; cymae
masculae graciles dichotomae pauciflorae secundae; fructus solitarius peduncu-
latus subcompressus, 10-costatus, apice vix retusus tenuiter carnosus, pyrenis 7,
rectis, in putamen oblongum connatis.

Tree up to 18 m. tall, essentially glabrous, or the young parts somewhat stri-
gose, the bark of branchlets gray; leaf-blades broadly elliptic, acute or acutish at
both ends, up to 14 cm. long and 7 cm. wide, with 5-7 veins on a side; petioles
up to 2 cm. long; stipules 3-4 mm. long, ovate-triangular, ventricose, free, strigose,
ciliate at margin, persistent on only 1 or 2 nodes from the apex of branchlet;
staminate cymes axillary, slender, thinly appressed-tomentulose or puberulent,
the peduncle 13-25 mm. long, once dichotomous, the branches 5-10 mm. long,
the cyme with 1 terminal flower and 3-5 on each branch, these secund, subsessile,
subtended by vestigial bracts; calyx subtruncate or very shallowly lobed, thinly
tomentose; corolla densely tomentulose externally, especially below, “whitish,”
only buds available, the longest of these about 5 mm.; pistillode glabrous, 2 mm.
long; pistillate flowers unavailable, probably solitary; fruiting peduncles 1—-3.5
cm. long, with a single fruit subtended by two minute bracts; fruit red, thinly
carnose, cylindro-ellipsoid, slightly compressed, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 1.2-1.8 cm.
wide, rounded at both ends, slightly retuse at apex around the persistent cup-
shaped calyx, this about 1 mm. high and 2 mm. wide, subtruncate to shallowly and
irregularly 6-lobed; pyrenes straight, about 7, fused into an oblong, somewhat
compressed, shallowly ribbed stone, the ribs about 10, the sclerification in two
layers, the outer of firmly packed coherent granules, with a number of more or
less open longitudinal cavities, the inner, surrounding the cells, hard and bony,
the cells circular in transverse section, arranged in 2 parallel rows.

122 SARGENTIA {1

Vitt Levu: Naitasiri: Suva Pumping Station, alt. 30-80 m., Degener & Ordonez
13760 (USNA, A) (leaves smaller than type). Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove:
Natewa Bay region, hills west of Korotasere, alt. 100-300 m., Smith 1930 (GH, NY, US);
Mbua: Lower Wainunu River Valley, alt. 0-200 m., Smith 1724 (GH, NY, US) (leaves
smaller and with less veins than type). Moara: Forest above Maloku, alt. 400 m., Mar.
22, 1934, Smith 1347 (GH, NY, US, Tyee).

This species is close to the plant known as Guettarda Kajewskii Guillaumin of
the New Hebrides, which has not been transferred to Timonius, but of which a
discussion is to be published elsewhere. JT. Smithii differs in its few-flowered
once-dichotomous cymes, and in its fruit, which is fewer-celled and rounded at
both ends, with the pyrenes more firmly united.

Morinpa L.

The Fijian species of Morinda have been rather puzzling to me, and, judging
from misidentifications in herbaria, also to others. In connection with identi-
fication of the Degener collections of this genus I have had occasion to study
rather carefully not only what material I could get of the Fijian species of the
genus, but of related plants from the Indo-Pacific area. While no treatment for
this area is yet attempted, certain observations on the Fijian members may be
recorded. The widespread M. citrifolia, common in Fiji as well as the whole
Indo-Pacific region, is omitted from the discussion.

Morinda Grayi Seem. FI. Vit. 130. 1866.

Morinda lucida A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 41. 1860; not Benth. (1849).

Vitt Levu: Tholo West: Uluvatu, vicinity of Mbelo, near Vatukarasa, alt. 120-
300 m., Degener 15261 (USNA, A); Serua: Vatutavathe, vicinity of Ngaloa, alt. 0-150
m., Degener 15197 (USNA, A); Thulanuku, vicinity of Ngaloa, alt. 0-150 m., Degener
15116 (USNA, A). Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Hills south of Nakula Valley,
alt. 40 m., Smith 348 (GH, NY, US); Mbua: Southern portion of Seatovo Range, alt.
100-350 m., Smith 1521 (GH, NY, US). Wrrnovut pverinite Locatity: U. S. Expl. Exped.
(US, typr, GH), Seemann 223 (GH).

This species seems amply distinct and rather uniform. It is a liana most easily
recognized by its large, ovate, acuminate, usually curved, glossy leaves, conspicu-
ously pointed buds, and large fruits, about 2 cm. across. It is known from a
number of collections from both Vanua Levu and Viti Levu. The type speci-
mens at Washington and at Gray Herbarium are practically identical, and have
no locality other than ‘Feejee Islands.” The U. S. National Herbarium sheet
contains more ample material and bears the original dissections, and so it is here
designated as the type. Since the original material was in fruit only, a descrip-
tion of the flowering heads is presented here.

Heads borne 2 or 3 (rarely 4) at the terminal nodes of short lateral branchlets,
on peduncles about 1 cm. long (rarely much longer), the peduncles sometimes
shortly united at base, the heads glabrous, 10—20-flowered; buds acute; calyx a
fleshy truncate cup; corolla 6-8 mm. long, divided halfway to base into 5 (rarely
4) reflexed lobes, glabrous externally, exceedingly woolly internally, “pale or-
ange” or “white within, yellow without” ; anthers linear, just less than 2 mm. long.
Morinda umbellata L. Sp. Pl. 176. 1753.

This species is known, in its typical form, from Ceylon, and probably from
much of southeastern Asia. In southeastern Asia, the Malayan region, and New
Guinea, it breaks up into a number of closely related species or varieties, whose
interrelationships have not been well worked out. The problem presented is
similar to that of a number of other vast, variable species, whose subdivisions are

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 123

mostly too closely related to merit specific rank but have commonly been de-
scribed as species on the basis of a few scattered specimens. A final disposition
of these, in the Indo-Pacific area, must await a great amount of further collecting
and field study. Several Pacific forms in this complex, most of which have been
considered species in the past, are dealt with below. With the exception of M.
mollis A. Gray, they are considered to be varieties of MW. umbellata L., as the
differences are rather slight, mostly of degree, and tend to break down when a
large series of specimens is examined. I have not seen material of M/. nandari-
vatensis Gillespie, but it is of this relationship.

Morinda umbellata var. Forsteri (Seem.) Fosberg, comb. nov.

Morinda Forstert Seem. Fl. Vit. 129. 1866.

Morinda myrtifolia A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 41. 1860.

This is distinguishable from Asiatic material chiefly by its somewhat thicker,
glabrous, less venulose leaves with veins anastomosing somewhat farther from
the margins, larger flowers, often glabrous or almost so within, and purple fruits.
It is almost indistinguishable from M. wmbellata var. glandulosa (Merr.) Fos-
berg of Guam, but has somewhat smaller flowers, glabrous, or at least less woolly
within. MW. myrtifolia A. Gray is apparently only a rather narrow-leaved form
of this. The corolla-tubes on the sheet of the type collection (U. S. Expl. Ex-
ped.) at Washington are rather shorter than usual for the variety. I do not
think that it is worth recognition, at least until further collections demonstrate
some correlation of the differences.

This variety is found from Pitcairn and Henderson Islands as far west as the
New Hebrides, and perhaps to New Caledonia. I am transferring the epithet
Forsteri to M. wmnbellata rather than the earlier myrtifolia, as the former is well
known and there is no doubt as to its application, while the latter still has a some-
what doubtful status.

Morinda umbellata var. bucidaefolia (A. Gray) Fosberg, comb. nov.

Morinda bucidaefolia A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 41. 1860.

This plant has been distinguished chiefly by its obovate, usually cuneate, coria-
ceous, strongly reticulate leaves, and slender, somewhat funnelform corollas.
The variety described below is intermediate between this and MW. winbellata in its
vegetative characters and has flowers similar to those of M. bucidaefolia. Since
in Asiatic material corollas may frequently be found almost as slender as in these
plants, and since the slenderness is largely due to a somewhat longer corolla tube,
an extremely unstable character in this group, the reduction to varietal status
seems justified.

Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Natewa Peninsula, Uluingala, alt. 600-820 m.,
Smith 1999 (GH, NY, US); Mbua: Sandalwood Bay, U. S. Expl. Exped. (GH, US,
TYPE).

I think that the two U. S. Exploring Expedition specimens are without doubt
from the same collection, and the Washington specimen, being the more ample,
is designated as the type.

Morinda umbellata var. Archboldiana Fosberg, var. nov.

Folia chartacea vix reticulata basi rotundata.

This variety differs from var. bucidacfolia, to which it is closest, in its usually
larger chartaceous leaves which are up to 12 cm. long and 6.5 cm. wide, more
rounded at base, and less prominently reticulate.

124 SARGENTIA (1

Viti Levu: Serua: Thulanuku, vicinity of Ngaloa, Apr. 29, 1941, alt. 30 m., Degener
15115 (USNA, type, A); Naitasiri: Woods near road beyond Tamavua Village, 7
miles from Suva, alt. 150 m., Gillespie 2194 (NY); Tholo North: Nauwanga, vicinity
of Nandarivatu, alt. 750-900 m., Degener 14814 (USNA, A); Nandarivatu, alt. 800-900 m.,
Degener & Ordonez 13535 (USNA, A), Greenwood 850 (USNA, A).

The Greenwood specimen represents a delicate small-leaved form which may
merit further study when additional collections are available.

Morinda mollis A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 41. 1860.

This liana, with all parts except the old stems densely and finely pubescent,
and with membranous sharply acuminate leaves, presenting a very characteristic
appearance, is closely allied to M. wmbellata, but for the present is maintained
as a species. No intermediates are known, and judging by the few collections
available, the species is very uniform. It is known only from Viti Levu and
Ovalau (fide Seemann). The type, U. S. Expl. Exped. (US), is without a
definite locality.

Ixora L.
Ixora Sect. Vitixora Fosberg, sect. nov.

Cyma capitata terminalis, foliis 2 suffulta; bractae lobique calycis lineares.

Shrubs or small trees, the young internodes decussately flattened, their edges
rounded ; leaves shortly petiolate to subsessile; stipules forming a short tube or
sheath, but with lobes drawn out into long aristae; inflorescence sessile between
a terminal pair of leaves (rarely between smaller axillary ones), a strongly con-
gested head-like cyme with linear or filiform bracts crowded among the flowers ;
calyx-lobes linear or lanceolate ; corolla with lobes only slightly sinistrorse in bud,
oblong, obtuse, reflexed at anthesis; anthers on short filaments inserted in the
sinuses, attached near base, linear-sagittate ; style filiform, exceeding corolla-tube,
the stigma fusiform, bifid, the lobes coherent at first, later divergent and reflexed ;
fruit fleshy, globose.

This group is, so far as known, confined to the Fiji Islands. It is probably
closest to Sect. Phylleilema A. Gray, from which it differs in the character of
the leaves subtending the heads (in Vitivora similar to foliage leaves, in Phyl-
leilema broad and usually cordate), in the presence of linear bracts among the
more closely crowded flowers of the larger heads, and in the elongate linear calyx-
lobes.

Vitixora seems coordinate with what are regarded by Bremekamp as subgenera.
To me /vora seems such a coherent group, in spite of its size, that it may not
readily be divided into convincing subgenera. The natural groups of species
within the genus are mainly separated by characters of the inflorescence, with few
other differences that correlate with these. In flower and fruit structure there
is a striking uniformity. Therefore I regard the major species-groups at present
as sections.

Four species of Sect. Vitixora are known (J. Storckii Seem., which I have not
seen, may go here, but is too briefly described to be placed) ; they may be separated
by the following key:

Leaves glabrous beneath.
Leaves subsessile, with about 16-18 pairs of prominent veins, the calyx-lobes and bracts

4-5 mm. long (Vanua Levu) ........... jd eae Oe bw ae wees I. coronata A. C. Sm.
Leaves shortly petioled, with 12-14 pairs of inconspicuous veins, the bracts filiform, the
calyx-lobes ligulate (Viti Levu, vicinity of Nandarivatu) .../. ample-vicaulis Gillespie.
Leaves shortly pubescent beneath.
Leaves cordate at base (Viti Levu, Kandavu) ............... 0... 0005. I. pelagica Seem.

Leaves cuneate or acute at base (Vanua Levu, Taveuni) ....../. somosomaensis Gillespie.

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 125

ABRAMSIA Gillespie

Abramsia trichotoma Gillespie in Bishop Mus. Bull. 91: 29. 1932.

VaNnua Levu: Mathuata: Wainunu-Ndreketi divide, alt. 200-300 m., Smith 1849
(GH, NY, US); Thakaundrove: Vatunivuamonde Mt., Savu Savu Bay region, alt.
300 m., Degener & Ordonez 13964 (USNA, A). Taveunrt: Western slope between Somo-
somo and Wairiki, alt. 600-830 m., Smith 796 (GH, NY, US).

This species has heretofore been reported only from Viti Levu. Smith 1849
has the corolla-tube several times the length of the lobes, which is much longer
than that of other flowering material known.

Psycuotria L.
Psychotria L. Syst. ed. 10. 929. 1759.

Calycodendron A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 154. 1936.

Eumorphanthus A, C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 157. 1936.

The genus Psychotria is one of the most complex and difficult of all the groups
of flowering plants in Fiji, and for that matter, in the whole Indo-Pacific area.
In the Degener collection most of the previously described valid species are repre-
sented, as well as eight new ones, to which are added three new ones collected by
Smith. There is little doubt that some of the described species will run together
when more thorough collecting has been done and all of the types examined.
Also, some of the supposedly endemic Fijian ones may prove to be identical with
unsuspected ones from other island groups. At present, I would not attempt a
revision, even of the Fijian ones, without an opportunity to study them in the
field.

A number of presumably natural groups within the genus are apparent, some
of which have been described as separate genera. Several of these may be con-
fined to Fiji, while others are more widespread. It does not seem possible to
determine the category to which they belong from the material available of the
species known. The plants of the other parts of Melanesia will have to enter
into any such evaluation, and especially those of New Guinea. Consequently,
I am not assigning any definite status to the groups here reduced to Psychotria.

Calycodendron and Eumorphanthus are both chiefly characterized by an en-
larged showy calyx and peculiar corolla forms. The types of corolla involved
in these genera are to be found in Psychotria, except that they are there much
smaller, and not usually associated with a particularly showy calyx. The corolla
of P. vitiensis Fosberg (Calycosia monticola Gillespie) is certainly not signifi-
cantly different from that of Calycodendron, and both the corolla and fruit of
P. confertiloba A. C. Sm. are scarcely significantly different from those of
Eumorphanthus fragrans. The tendency toward an enlarged, membranous,
showy calyx is manifest in various species of Psychotria in Fiji (cf. P. carnea,
P. calycosa, P. macrocalyx, P. neurocalyx, P. St.-johnii, etc.), and the groups
that have been set off principally on this character seem to me to be merely the
culminations of some of these lines of development, and, as such, cannot, in my
opinion, be maintained as genera, although they may represent closely related
groups of species. When a comprehensive knowledge of this vast genus is ac-
quired, it may well be found that some of the entire lines of evolution within it
are not properly associated together, and that they will have to be separated,
but so far I see no basis for this. At present I think that Calycodendron and
Eumorphanthus (including Psychotria confertiloba A. C. Sm.) represent natural

126 SARGENTIA {1

species-groups within the genus Psychotria, to which I cannot, as yet, assign a
definite rank.

Another such group, which may well be connected with Eumorphanthus, is that
described as the subgenus Piptilema A. Gray. This seems to represent an im-
portant evolutionary plexus among the Fijian species of the genus, although it
probably does not merit the rank of subgenus. Of the characters assigned to it
by Gray, “stipulae squamaceae” does not apply, as the stipules seem to be of the
calyptrate type, ordinarily with forked free apices, common to the majority of
Psychotria species of Fiji and Polynesia; “caducissimae” is correct; ‘flores ses-
siles, capitellati, ebracteolati” is true only of some of the species that must go
here. “Capitulo terminali primum bracteis squamaceis caducis involucrato”’ re-
fers, of course, to the habit, common to the species with the type of stipules men-
tioned above, of bearing the inflorescences at the terminal node, surrounded by
a pair of enlarged stipules which are shed as the inflorescences develop.

The description of the pyrenes and seeds is the part that seems to characterize
a group of related species, including those referred by Gray to his subgenus.
The fruit of this group is, in gross appearance, ovoid, oval, or even rotund, but
dries to a very characteristic form, broad and compressed basally, then abruptly
contracted, even hastate, with the distal portion prolonged, with a ridge or keel
on each face. The pyrenes are broad, thin, and hastate basally, abruptly nar-
rowed above, then gradually narrowed to a subtruncate or toothed apex. The
dorsal faces have a prominent keel or wing, at least on the apical part, sometimes
extending to the base. In some species there are subsidiary keels beside the
main central one. Other modifications are introduced by interruptions in the
keels, especially in the secondary ones. I do not know, as yet, what the relation-
ship of similar species with the keels on the pyrenes arranged differently is to this
group, whether one of derivation or merely evolution from similar ancestors.
The nucleus of the group is composed of P. Pickeringii, P. monocarpa, P. aurantio-
carpa, P. cordata, P. platycocca, P. taviunensis, P. griseifolia, and, perhaps, P. fil-
ipes. These species are variable, especially P. Pickeringti (cf. Gillespie in Bishop
Mus. Bull. 74: 34. 1930), and seem to intergrade in various directions. Only
extensive collections and much careful field study will clarify their interrelation-
ships and their connections with other species and species-groups. I suspect that
P. neurocalyx and P. furcans may be related here, and that if P. furcans is cor-
rectly so interpreted, then also probably P. edentata and P. pachyantha, of which
the fruits are not known. P. Caldwellii seems obviously close to this group,
but has the lateral flat parts of the pyrenes prolonged almost to the apex.

Psychotria pubiflora (A. Gray) Fosberg, comb. noy.
Calycosia pubiflora A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 306. 1860.
Calycodendron pubiflorwm A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 155. 1936,

Psychotria magnifica (Gillespie) Fosberg, comb. nov.
Calycosia magnifica Gillespie in Bishop Mus. Bull. 74: 39. 1930.
Calycodendron magnificum A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 156. 1936.

Psychotria glabra (Turrill) Fosberg, comb. nov.
Calycosia glabra Turrill in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 43: 26. 1915.
Calycodendron glabrum A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 155. 1936.
Psychotria fragrans (Gillespie) Fosberg, comb. nov.
Calycosia fragrans Gillespie in Bishop Mus. Bull. 74: 38. 1930.
Calycodendron fragrans A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 155. 1936.

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 127

Psychotria rufocalyx Fosberg, nom. nov.
Calycodendron rufescens A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 156. 1936; not Psychotria
rufescens H. B. K.
Psychotria Gibbsiae var. velutina Fosberg, var. nov.

Planta velutino-pilosa ; cyma compacta.

Differs from Psychotria Gibbsiae Moore in the more compact inflorescence
with thicker branches and very short pedicels, and in having the young parts,
petioles, cymes, hypanthia, and calyces velutinous-pilose, with the undersides of
the leaves sparsely so.

Vitt Levu: Tholo West: Mbuyombuyo, near Namboutini, June 18, 1941, Tabua-
lewa 15605 (USNA, tTypr, A).

The specimen is rather inadequate, but this disposition of it seems correct.

Psychotria Eumorphanthus Fosberg, nom. nov.
Eumorphanthus fragrans A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 158. 1936; not Psychotria
fragrans (Gillespie) Fosberg.
Psychotria vitiensis Fosberg, nom. nov.
Psychotria vitiensis Seem. in Bonplandia 9: 257, nomen. 1861; Fl. Vit. 136, as synonym.
1866.
Calycosia monticola Gillespie in Bishop Mus. Bull. 74: 39. f. 55. 1930; not Psychotria
monticola Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 199. 1877.

Although this species has been reduced to P. calycosa A. Gray by Gray, See-
mann, and A. C. Smith, I am of the opinion that it is distinct. It differs from
the type of that species in size and texture of leaves, size of cyme, and especially
in the calyx, which is fusiform, not sharply distinct from the hypanthium, con-
tracted somewhat above, then flaring at apex, rather than broadly campanulate
and abruptly dilated above the hypanthium. It is very well illustrated by
Gillespie.

Since Seemann’s name was published first as a nomen nudum, then in syn-
onymy, and Gillespie’s specific epithet is preoccupied in Psychotria, P. vitiensis
must be regarded as a new name, starting with the present publication.

Psychotria calycosa A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 45. 1860.

I have studied three sheets of the U. S. Exploring Expedition material that
formed the basis of this species, as well as three that Gray subsequently referred
to it and quite a number that have been so identified by subsequent workers. Of
the three original sheets, only the one at the U. S. National Herbarium is in such
a state of preservation as to be readily identifiable. It is here designated as the
type. It is from Ovalau. The following description is drawn from it.

Glabrous; leaves oblong-oblanceolate, the blades 7-9 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide,
somewhat acuminate at apex, contracted to an acute base, chartaceous, with 9-11
rather spreading secondary veins on a side, which anastomose near the margin,
the petiole 6-10 mm. long; well developed stipules not available; cyme solitary
at terminal node, but with a small bud beside it which suggests that it will be-
come lateral, the peduncle 2.5 cm. long, pentachotomous, the branches about 12
mm. long, each 2—3-branched at apex, the branchlets short, bearing single flowers
or clusters of 3 flowers on pedicels 2-3 mm. long (if the sheets at NY and GH
belong here, the branching of the inflorescence is somewhat variable) ; calyces
campanulate, about 3.5 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide, deeply 4-lobed, the lobes ovate,
rounded, somewhat 3-5-nerved, spreading to reflexed; corolla in bud only, gla-
brous externally except that the sutures are somewhat hirtellous, the whole at
least 12 mm. long, the tube membranous, glabrous within, the throat and lobes
thickened and densely woolly within, the wool longest in throat, the anthers at-

128 SARGENTIA {1

tached basally on short filaments, with 2 basal lobes projecting well below the
attachment, inserted well below the sinuses; style filiform, glabrous, somewhat
bifid and fleshy at apex ; fruits not available; some buds not yet full-sized tending
to open when dried.

The Gray Herbarium sheet seems substantially the same thing, but the cyme is
only trichotomous, and the calyces are rather poorly developed, with the lobes
tending to be unequal and the buds more hirtellous along the sutures.

The New York sheet has two twigs, one much like those described above, but
with little left of the cyme, the other a different looking plant, too young to be
identified with certainty at present.

All other material that I have seen referred to this species either belongs some-
where else or is not in condition to be positively identified. The three sheets
that Gray referred here subsequent to his original description belong to P.
vitiensis Fosberg.

Psychotria platycocca A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 47. 1860.

This species seems not uncommon, judging by the number of collections, but
most of the material that has in the past been referred here seems to belong else-
where. As apparent from an examination of the original material (U. S. Expl.
Exped., US, GH), the species is glabrous, with obovate, subacuminate, cuneate,
chartaceous leaves, which are variable in size but rather small, slender trichoto-
mous cymes bearing on each branch a cluster of about 3 sessile or subsessile
flowers, ovoid fruits with broad, flat, subhastate pyrenes, widest near base, and
with a high thin dorsal keel in the distal two-thirds.

Of the two sheets of the type material seen, the U. S. National Herbarium
sheet is definitely from Ovalau, while the Gray sheet is merely labeled “Feejee
Islands,” the former is more ample and has, in addition to immature flowering
cymes, dissections of fruits. Therefore the U. S. sheet is designated as the type.
It represents an unusually large-leaved robust form. The species is also known
from Viti Levu (Degener 14900, 14678, 14395, Gillespie 4093, 3184) and from
Vanua Levu (Degener 14241).

The species is highly variable, even with the completely discrepant material
excluded, approaching P. filipes through plants with slender cymes (Degener
14900) and P. Pickeringii var. solanoides through specimens with very short,
poorly developed cymes (Degener 14395). Plants from Ovalau have the leaf-
bases cuneate, Degener 14241 from Vanua Levu has them subcordate, and the
material from Viti Levu has them, in general, attenuate.

Psychotria Pickeringii var. solanoides (Turrill) Fosberg, comb. nov.

Psychotria solanoides Turrill in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 43: 28. 1915.

This plant differs from the variable P. Pickeringii A. Gray only in the rusty
puberulence on most of its parts and in the shortly pedicellate flowers and fruits.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nandarivatu, Gillespie 4376 (NY), Degener 14522
(USNA, A) (type locality). Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: South slope of Koro-
tini Range, below Navitho Pass, Smith 495 (GH, NY, US) (compared with type by A. C.
Smith).

Some specimens, such as Degener 13582, from Nandarivatu, are intermediate,
in that they have the puberulence but have sessile flowers.

Psychotria taviunensis Gillespie in Bishop Mus. Bull. 74: 34. f. 48. 1930.

Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Savu Savu Bay region, Vatunivuamonde Mt.,
Degener & Ordonez 13999 (USNA, A); eastern buttress of Mt. Ndikeva, Smith 1892 (GH,
NY, US). Taveunr: Gillespie 4722 (NY, isotype), Smith 752 (GH, NY, US).

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 129

The Vanua Levu collections represent an extension of the range of this species
from Taveuni. It is closest to P. griseifolia S. Moore, known as yet only from
Viti Levu, but has more robust, more closely branched and more floriferous
cymes, acuminate leaves, and rusty pubescence. The cymes are about 4-times
branched.

Psychotria griseifolia S. Moore in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 153. 1909.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nauwanga, vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 750-900 m.,
Degener 14524 (USNA, A); vicinity of Nandarivatu, Degener 14336, 14461 (both USNA,
A); Mt. Matomba, near Nandarivatu, Degener 15632 (USNA, A).

The specimens which I have seen that seem referable to this species are all in
fruit, while the type (Gibbs 706) was in flower, and so it is not positive that
they belong here. However, since the description seems to fit otherwise, I feel
safe in adding a description of the fruit from these specimens. This shows defi-
nitely that the species belongs to the Piptilema group.

Fruit, when dry, strongly hastate, usually about as broad as long, 7-10 mm.
long and broad, compressed but with strong keels, the base acute, the apex pro-
duced, blunt, variable; pyrenes slightly smaller, flat, acute or slightly acuminate
at base, prominently hastate, the lobes rounded, abruptly contracted distally, the
apical lobe rounded, variable in degree of elongation, with dorsal keel high in
middle, low and somewhat grooved or doubled apically, tapering off toward base.

Moore does not mention the fact that the leaves of this species, when dry,
are conspicuously white-reticulate-veined.

The following variety seems somewhat distinct.

Psychotria griseifolia var. unicarinata Fosberg, var. nov.

Ramuli dense ferrugineo-puberulentes; folia obovata acuminata basi cuneata,
valde albo-reticulata, infra vix puberuli; petioli cymaeque puberulentes.

Branchlets densely rusty-puberulent ; leaves large, chartaceous, obovate, acumi-
nate at apex, cuneate at base, conspicuously white-reticulate-veined and thinly
puberulent beneath, the petiole 1-2.5 cm. long, puberulent; cymes puberulent ;
otherwise as in P. griseifolia.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Mt. Matomba, Nandala, vicinity of Nandarivatu, Feb.
28, 1941, Degener 14640 (A, type), 14510 (A), 14730 (A) ; Nauwanga, same general locality,
Degener 14624 (USNA, A); Namosi: Naitarandamu Mt., Gillespie 3093 (NY).

Gillespie had indicated his specimen as a new species. Vegetatively this variety
resembles P, St.-johnii and P. Degeneri so much as to be mistaken for them, but
the fruits are quite different.

Psychotria filipes A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 46. 1860.

Glabrous ; leaves obovate, long-acuminate, cordate at base, up to 10 cm. long
and 5 cm. wide, the petiole 1.5-3 cm. long; stipules calyptrate, up to 2 cm. long,
with very short free tips; cymes 4 at a node, terminal, about 8 cm. long, very
slender, pendent, the peduncle 4—6 cm. long, the branches 4, these twice trichoto-
mous, the branchlets ending in single flowers or slightly irregular clusters of 2
or 3 flowers ; flowers with calyx about 0.5 mm. long, acutely 4-dentate, the corolla
with tube 2 mm. long, 1 mm. thick, the lobes 1 mm. long, ovate, spreading, the
tips of anthers exserted.

WITHOUT DEFINITE LocALity: U. S. Expl. Exped. (US, type).

Other than the type, all of the material that I have seen referred to this species
differs in being noticeably pubescent and in having more robust erect cymes, as
well as much more prominently reticulate-veined leaves. Gillespie’s description
(in Bishop Mus. Bull. 74: 33. 1930) says ‘“‘a glabrous shrub” but his plate (op.

130 SARGENTIA {1

cit. f. 40) shows a plant much more like the other specimens mentioned rather
than the type. I have not seen his specimen. These plants fit fairly well the
description of P. griseifolia S. Moore.

Psychotria aurantiocarpa Fosberg, sp. nov.

Frutex glaber gracilis; folia anguste obovata vel oblanceolata valde acumi-
nata; stipulae calyptratae valde biaristatae ; cymae geminatae pedunculatae capitu-
latae; fructus subsolitarius ovatus subhastatus 15-18 mm. longus, pyrenis valde
alato-carinatis.

Shrub up to 4 m. tall, glabrous, with rather slender branchlets; leaves thinly
coriaceous, narrowly obovate or oblanceolate, up to 10 cm. long and about 3 cm.
wide, strongly acuminate at apex, acute to abruptly contracted at base, the sec-
ondary veins 8-10 on a side, rather obscure, the network very obscure, the petiole
up to 1 cm. long, rather thick, very narrowly winged; stipules calyptrate, ovate,
each with 2 long aristate free tips, about 12 mm. long, of which 7 mm. is free tip;
inflorescences terminal, in pairs, the peduncle 2—2.5 cm. long, apparently bearing
several sessile or subsessile flowers (but known only in fruit); only 1 or 2 fruits
maturing on a peduncle, these ovate, flattened, subhastate, rounded at base, sub-
truncate at apex, 15-18 mm. long, about 10 mm. wide, the pyrenes slightly smaller,
abruptly slightly narrowed (subhastate) about 1 the way up, the lower part flat,
the median dorsal keel very thin, wing-like, extending from just above base to
near apex.

Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Mt. Mariko, dense forest, alt. 600-866 m., Nov.
14, 1933, Smith 449 (GH, NY, type, US).

Appears to be closest to P. Pickeringii var. solanoides (Turrill) Fosberg, but
differs in being glabrous and in having much longer peduncles and larger fruits.

Psychotria monocarpa Iosberg, sp. nov.

Frutex glaber gracilis; folia obovata obtusa chartacea ; stipulae angustatae aris-
tatae; fructus hastulatus sessilis terminalis solitarius aurantiacus 6-7 mm. longus,
pyrenis valde carinatis.

Shrub 3-4 m. tall, glabrous, with slender branchlets; leaves chartaceous, obo-
vate, up to 6 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, the apex obtuse, the base cuneate-attenuate,
the veins not very prominent, 6-8 on a side, the petiole slender, up to 12 mm.
long ; stipules calyptrate, very narrow, about 5 mm. long, the free tips short, aris-
tate; flowers unavailable; fruits bright orange, sessile, terminal, solitary (flowers
possibly more numerous), ovoid, 6-7 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, abruptly narrowed
about half-way up (hastulate), the pyrenes only slightly smaller, flat but with a
very high dorsal keel almost as long as body of pyrene.

Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Natewa Peninsula, hills south of Natewa, alt.
400-600 m., June 12, 1934, Smith 1957 (GH, NY, type, US).

This is probably closest to P. Pickeringii A. Gray, but differs from that variable
species in the obovate obtuse leaves and in the solitary slightly smaller fruits.

Psychotria cordata A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 46. 1860.

Glabrous; leaves slightly obovate, long-acuminate, cordate at base, the blade
6 cm. long, the veins not especially prominent, the petiole 2.5 cm. long; inflores-
cence capitate, sessile, terminal; fruit 7-9 mm. long.

WITHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY: U. S. Expl. Exped. (US, Type).

Psychotria cordata A. Gray var. podantha Fosberg, var. nov.

Folia breviter acuminata, nervis infra albis; fructus pedicellatus 10-13 mm.
longus.

Differs from the U. S. Exploring Expedition material in having the leaves
more shortly acuminate, more often obovate, the veins white beneath, the fruit

1942} SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 131

(and probably flowers) on pedicels 1-2 cm. long, and the fruit itself 10-13 mm.
long.

Vitr Levu: Tholo North: Nauwanga, vicinity of Nandarivatu, Degener 14831
(USNA, type, A) (Mar. 31, 1941), 14827 (USNA, A), 14829 (USNA, A).

A small tree, up to 5 m. tall, with orange fruit.

Psychotria serpens L. var. parvula (A. Gray) Fosberg, comb. nov.

Psychotria parvula A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 45. 1858.

Psychotria minor Turrill in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 43: 27. 1915.

This form does not differ constantly in any respect from all Asiatic specimens
of P. serpens, although the small leaves, short internodes, and resulting crowded
leaves give it an aspect different from the greater part of the Asiatic material.
Good flowering specimens are not available, but if P. minor is correctly placed
here the non-barbate corolla-throat may prove to be a good character. However,
even the Fijian plants vary so much that no more than varietal separation is
possible.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Vicinity of Nandarivatu, Degener 14378 (USNA, A).
Vanvua Levu: Thakaundrove: Mt. Mbatini, Smith 692, 693 (both GH, NY, US);
Yanawai River region, Mt. Kasi, Smith 1760 (GH, NY, US). Wrrsout DEFINITE LOCALITY :
U. S. Expl. Exped. (NY, Isotype).

The type of P. minor, which I have not seen, 1s im Thurn 21, from the top of
Mt. Victoria, Viti Levu.

Psychotria macroserpens I*osberg, sp. nov.

Frutex scandens glaber; folia ovalia obtusa; stipulae caducae triangulares ;
cyma hemispherica ramis crassis trichotomis; fructus globosus 8 mm. longus,
pyrenis rugosis 3—4-carinatis.

Glabrous liana; leaves oval to almost rotund, up to about 6 cm. long and 4.5
cm. wide, obtuse or rounded at apex, strongly contracted at base, subcoriaceous,
with 6 or 7 secondary veins on a side, the petioles 8-15 mm. long; stipules cadu-
cous, low-triangular, obtuse, about 2 mm. long; cyme 4-8 cm. long, 3-6-times
trichotomous, hemispheric, the branches thick, densely papillose, the internodes
short; flowers not seen, said by collector to be white; fruit white, spherical to
slightly elongate, about 8 mm. long, crowned by a short, obtusely and irregularly
dentate, puberulent calyx-ring, the rest of fruit glabrate, the pyrenes orbicular,
with 3 or 4 blunt rugose keels.

KAMBARA: In forest on limestone formation, alt. 0-100 m., March 2, 1934, Smith 1246
(GH, NY, type, US).

This species seems, like P. tephrosantha A. Gray, to be a Fijian derivative
of the widespread P. serpens L. It differs from both P. serpens and P. tephro-
santha in its broad, almost orbicular leaves, heavy inflorescence, and much larger
fruits.

Psychotria Archboldiana Fosberg, sp. nov.

Arbor parva; folia elliptica; stipulae subpersistentes striatae; cyma capitata
vel subcapitata vel tricapitata terminalis; calyx viridis patens; corolla glabra;
fructus obovoideus subtruncatus, pyrenis basi obtusis apice valde emarginatis
dorso tuberculatis.

Small tree, up to 3 m. tall, slender, glabrous; leaves elliptic, up to 10 cm. long
and 4 cm. wide, usually smaller, acute or slightly acuminate at apex, acute or
slightly attenuate at base, chartaceous, the secondary veins 6-8 on a side, not very
prominent, the petiole 5-10 mm. long; stipules triangular, about 5-6 mm. long,
becoming free, more or less striate longitudinally, subpersistent, breaking trans-
versely, the basal portions remaining on the nodes for some time; cymes terminal,

132 SARGENTIA [1

about 2 cm. long, capitate or subcapitate, or trichotomous, then bearing 3 capitate
clusters; calyx green, spreading, about 3-5 mm. wide, obtusely lobed; corolla
glabrous, apparently salverform (buds only available), the limb in bud much
thicker than tube, rounded at apex; fruit obovoid, 6 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, sub-
truncate at apex, crowned with shrivelled remains of calyx, the pyrenes obtuse at
base, deeply emarginate at apex with a projection in the sinus, dorsally strongly
and irregularly tuberculate, 6 mm. long, 4 mm. wide.

Vitt Levu: Tholo West: Naruku, vicinity of Mbelo, near Vatukarasa, alt. 250
m., May 18, 1941, Degener 15316 (USNA, type, A); Yawe, same general locality, Degener
15291 (USNA, A); Uluvatu, same general locality, Degener 15258 (USNA, A); Mbulu,
near Sovi Bay, alt. 0-60 m., Degener 15049 (USNA, A).

This species is apparently closest to P. pacifica IK. Schum., of Samoa, from
which it differs in its much smaller leaves with fewer nerves, smaller stipules,
simpler and much smaller inflorescence, and glabrous flowers. It is vegetatively
much like P. Gillespicana A. C. Sm., but differs in its condensed inflorescences
and expanded green calyces. The fruits and flowers are much like those of P.
carnea (Forst.) A. C. Sm., but smaller, and it also differs in its much smaller
and thinner leaves with fewer veins, and in its condensed cymes. It probably
belongs to the same group of species (Sect. Eumachia (DC.) A. C. Sm.). It
lacks the anthocyanin pigment commonly found in members of the genus. The
native name (Serua dialect) is vunga, and a tea made from the leaves is said to
be used medicinally.

Psychotria brevicalyx Fosberg, sp. nov.

Arbor parva P. turbinatae A. Gray affinis, sed foliis crassioribus infra pubes-
centibus, cyma pauciflora conspicue pubescente, pedunculo longiore et crassiore,
fructu pubescente calyce brevissimo coronato.

Small tree, up to 3 m. tall, the young parts pubescent, glabrate; leaves ample,
elliptic to obovate, up to 20 cm. long and 9 cm. wide, bluntly acute at apex,
cuneate at base, chartaceous, pubescent beneath, especially on midrib, the sec-
ondary veins 11-15 on a side, moderately prominent, the network more or less
obscure, the petioles up to 3 cm. long; stipules calyptrate, caducous, densely pubes-
cent, 1-1.5 cm. long, with well developed free tips which are glabrous on inner
surface; cymes 2-4 in falsely terminal clusters, 6-10 cm. long, long-pedunculate,
stiff, branched 2-4 times, pilose with dirty-whitish hairs, the peduncle up to 8 cm.
long; fruits on pedicels 3-7 mm. long, red, turbinate, 7-8 mm. long, 5-6 mm.
wide, pilose, crowned with the exceedingly short 5-denticulate calyx-ring, the
pyrenes 6 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, truncate above, acute below, the lower part flat,
the upper part strongly tricarinate, with a deep ventral groove at distal end;
corollas not available except for one persisting on a fruit of Degener 15154, which
may not be normal, but is about 1 cm. long, salverform, with a thick densely
tomentose tube and broad orbicular lobes about 5 mm. long, said to be white.

Vitt Levu: Tholo West: Yawe, vicinity of Mbelo, near Vatukarasa, alt. 300 m.,
May 15, 1941, Degener 15292 (USNA, typr, A); Uluvatu, same general locality, Degener
15256 (USNA, A); Tabualewa 15620 (USNA, A); Serua: Vatuvilakia, vicinity of
Negaloa, alt. 0-150 m., Degener 15154 (USNA, A).

Close to P. turbinata A. Gray, but differing in the pubescent under surface of
the thicker leaves, and in the stiff, heavier, fewer-flowered, conspicuously pubes-
cent cymes and pubescent fruit. The cymes of P. turbinata are minutely puberu-
lent, with a much shorter peduncle.

Psychotria crassiflora Fosberg, sp. nov.

Arbor parva P. turbinatae A. Gray affinis, sed foliis amplis obovatis, apicibus
liberis stipulorum duris linearibus, cyma pauciflora, floribus valde carnosis, tubo
corollae intus solido.

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 133

Small tree, the vegetative parts glabrous, the branchlets rather thick and some-
what fistulose; leaves ample, obovate, up to 21 cm. long and 10 cm. wide, the
apex slightly bluntly acuminate, the base cuneate, the secondary veins 15 or 16
on a side, rather prominent, widely spreading, anastomosing near margin, the
petiole 1-3 cm. long; stipules caducous, rather variable in size, up to 2 cm. long,
the lower parts united, the upper part prolonged into 2 stiff linear aristae about 1
cm. long; cymes 3 at a node (often 1 or 2 broken off), about 10 cm. long, heavy,
stiff, erect, 2- or 3-times trichotomous, thinly hirtellous, glabrate, the pedicels 6-12
mm. long, thickened upward, thinly hirtellous; flowers fleshy ; calyx campanulate,
5S—6 mm. long and wide, truncate, thick and fleshy-coriaceous, the free portion 3
mm. long, with upper edge calloused and appearing like a scar, bearing inside
around the base a single circle of long delicate hairs, otherwise smooth internally,
externally slightly hirtellous, glabrate; corolla cylindric or slightly swollen near
base, contracted at base to a small attachment, very thick and fleshy-coriaceous in
texture, densely sericeous-hirtellous externally, the lobes 5 or 6, erect, about 4
mm. long and 2 mm. wide, oblong, conspicuously hooked at apex, finely puberu-
lent within except inside of hook which is hirtellous with the hairs pointing down-
ward, the throat somewhat bearded with longer hairs pointing upward, the some-
what swollen tube filled solidly with tissue except at extreme base, closely invest-
ing style, a cavity at extreme base about 1 mm. wide and high containing the small
hemispheric disk ; anthers linear-oblong, 3 mm. long, on very short filaments, at-
tached near base, inserted in corolla-throat; style glabrous, filiform, 8 mm. long,
deeply bifid at apex, the lobes not thickened, about 2 mm. long; ovary 2-celled,
with a single erect basal ovule in each cell; only one fruit available, probably not
mature, turbinate, about 1 cm. long and broad.

Vitt Levu: Serua: Vatutavathe, vicinity of Ngaloa, alt. 150 m. May 5, 1941,
Degener 15178 (USNA, type, A).

This species is apparently related to P. turbinata A. Gray, but differs from it
in the larger, more obovate leaves, in the stipules with stiff, linear, free tips in-
stead of expanded foliaceous ones, in the much fewer-flowered cymes, and, if
Gillespie’s interpretation (in Bishop Mus. Bull. 91: 36. f. 47. 1932) of P. tur-
binata is correct, in the entirely different flowers.

The fleshy corolla with the tube filled with tissue is unknown in Psychotria,
but in every other respect the plant matches this genus. The possibility is, of
course, not excluded that the corolla character is the result of an insect sting,
but it was uniform in all flowers dissected, and no evidence was found of insect
activity.

Psychotria furcans Fosberg, sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbor parva; folia elliptica petiolata; stipulae supra furcantes in
laminas lanceolatas ; cyma terminalis solitaria laxa pentachotoma dura, ramulis
elongatis, corollis extra glabris intus dense barbatis; fructus late ellipsoideus, in
sicco tuberculatus calyce persistente coronatus, pyrenis subhastatis dorso multi-
carinatis, carinis tenuibus eroso-incisis.

Shrub or small tree with slender branches, the vegetative parts glabrous ; leaves
elliptic or oblong, acute at both ends, subcoriaceous, about 8 cm. long, 2.5—3.5
cm. wide, on petioles 1—-1.5 cm. long, the veins 10 or 11 on a side, not especially
prominent; stipules about 1 cm. long, united below, forked above into 2 lanceolate
free blades sometimes over half total length of stipules; cyme solitary, terminal,
glabrous, 7-10 cm. long, loosely branched, the branches with a stiff appearance,
the peduncle 2-5 cm. long, with a tendency to be reflexed, the primary branches
4 or 5, each branching 2 or 3 times; flowers shortly pedicellate ; open flowers un-
available, the buds with calyx hemispheric to somewhat spreading, 1-1.5 mm.
long, the margin subentire to irregularly obtusely dentate, the corolla glabrous

134 SARGENTIA [1

but appearing somewhat scurfy in bud, densely bearded within at top of tube;
style glabrous, filiform, about 12 mm. long, shortly bifid at apex; fruit broadly
and irregularly ellipsoid, 12 mm. long including the persistent somewhat enlarged
calyx, 7-8 mm. wide, red, the pyrenes 9 mm. long, 6.5 mm. wide, ovate, rather flat
and expanded into a thin wing-like portion below, the apical portion contracted
and protruding, producing a subhastate outline, subtruncate at apex, shortly tri-
dentate, the whole with a very prominent thin median dorsal keel and several
secondary keels on each side, these broken or erose-incised, giving a more or less
spinose appearance, and causing the fruit to be strongly tuberculate when dry.

Viti Levu: Tholo North: Mt. Matomba, Nandala, vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt.
750-900 m., Feb. 18, 1941, Degener 14450 (USNA, type, A) (flowering). Vanua Levu:
Thakaundrove: Eastern drainage of Yanawai River, alt. 20-160 m., Degener &
Ordones 14092 (USNA, A) (fruiting).

Differs from its relatives, P. edentata A. C. Sm. and P. pachyantha A. C. Sm.,
in its smaller, elliptic, longer petiolate leaves, conspicuously forked stipules, and
slender, rather stiff, usually pentachotomous cymes with elongate branches. It
is entirely possible that the two collections associated here do not belong together,
since the localities are so far apart and at different altitudes, and one is known
only in flower and the other in fruit, but no differences of much consequence are
evident between them.

Psychotria pittosporifolia Fosberg, sp. nov.

Arbor parva glabra; folia spathulato-obovata flavo-virides; stipulae connatae
apice liberae et bifidae; cyma terminalis multiflora viridi-puberulenta; flores ses-
siles, calyce brevi dense puberulo, corolla hypocraterimorpha sparse puberula intus
barbata, antheris exsertis.

Small tree about 3 m. tall, the vegetative parts glabrous; leaves spatulate-
obovate, up to about 10 cm. long and 4.5 cm. wide, usually abruptly short-
acuminate at apex, cuneate-attenuate at base into a petiole 1-2 cm. long, the blade
subcoriaceous with margin slightly revolute, drying greenish-yellow above, paler
beneath; stipules 8-10 mm. long, calyptrate, with 4 prominent free tips resulting
from bifid apices; cymes solitary or rarely 2, terminal, many-flowered, up to 7
cm. long, greenish-puberulent, the peduncles up to 4 cm. long, the primary
branches usually 5, these branched 3 or 4 times, ending in a cluster of 2—4 sessile
flowers; calyx less than 1 mm. long, shallowly 5-dentate, densely puberulent ;
corolla white, salverform, 8-9 mm. long, the tube about 5 mm. long, very sparsely
puberulent without, glabrous within below, densely bearded in upper part, the
lobes oblong, about 4 mm. long, densely puberulent without, tomentose within ;
anthers about 1 mm. long, exserted on filaments about 2 mm. long; style glabrous,
filiform, bifid above.

Vitrt Levu: Serua: Vatutavathe, vicinity of Ngaloa, alt. 150 m., May 5, 1941,
Degener 15180 (USNA, type, A); near Mt. Ngamo, vicinity of Ngaloa, Degener 15059
(USNA, A).

Perhaps there are two types of flowers in this species, as the anthers are less
exserted in some. However, this may be a matter of age. The corolla-tube is
also rather variable.

This plant differs from the closely related P. chrysophylla, also of Viti Levu
but from Tholo East, in its spatulate-obovate leaves, attenuate to the base, smaller
calyx, and corolla pubescent within the longer lobes. The similarity in aspect to
certain species of Pittosporum suggests the name.

Psychotria Degeneri Fosberg, sp. nov.

Arbor parva; folia ampla elliptica vel anguste obovata acuminata albo-reticulata
pilosa; stipulae calyptratae pilosae; cymae 3-10 terminales pallide pilosae; flores

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 135

albi, calyce breviter campanulato non venuloso, corolla infundibuliformi extra
sparse pilosa; fructus clavatus.

Small tree up to 5 m. tall, the branchlets glabrous or very early glabrate ; leaves
chartaceous, elliptic to narrowly obovate, up to 25 cm. long and 10 cm. wide,
acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, more or less pilose on both sides, especially
beneath, densely so on midrib and veins, sometimes somewhat glabrate ; strongly
and conspicuously venulose, the veins white in dried specimens, the secondaries
13-20 on a side, connected by a strong network, the petiole up to 6 cm. long,
pilose; stipules calyptrate, early caducous, pilose, about 1 cm. long, the free tips
small; cymes loose, slender, or somewhat shortened and contracted, 2—6 cm. long,
whitish- to brownish-pilose, borne 3-10 together terminally, perhaps representing
a single ample cymose panicle of which the peduncle has been suppressed, each
branched 2 or 3 times, each branchlet bearing 2 or 3 shortly pedicellate white
flowers ; calyx and hypanthium pilose, the calyx shortly campanulate, about 1 mm.
long, shallowly 5-lobed to subtruncate, not veiny; buds club-shaped, rounded at
apex, the corolla funnelform, 8 (—11) mm. long, glabrous within, sparsely pilose
externally, especially toward apex, 5-lobed, the lobes ovate, 2 mm. long; anthers
oblong, 1.5 mm. long, attached subbasally on free filaments of about the same
length, inserted below sinuses, the anthers exserted almost their length; disk
hemispherical, the style glabrous, filiform, 5 mm. long, bifid 1.5 mm. at apex,
the lobes flattened; fruit clavate, 7 mm. long, the pyrenes acute at base, truncate
at apex, tricarinate dorsally, the keels somewhat irregular.

Vitt Levu: Ra: Tuvavatu, vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m., May 30,
1941, Degener 15374 (USNA, typz, A); Tholo North: Nandarivatu, Greenwood 848
(USNA, A); Mt. Matomba, Nandala, vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 750-900 m., Degener
14447 (A); Serua: Vatutavathe, vicinity of Ngaloa, alt. 0-150 m., Degener 15214 (A)
(inflorescence condensed ).

This is close to P. St.-johnii Fosberg, but differs in its usually glabrous branch-
lets, generally whitish or light brown pubescence, non-venulose calyces, longer,
funnelform corollas which are sparsely pilose externally, and clavate rather than

ovoid fruit.

Psychotria tetragonoides Fosberg, sp. nov.

Arbor parva; folia elliptica infra pilosa; stipulae ferrugineo-tomentosae ; cyma
terminalis sessilis, floribus albis, calyce truncato, corolla infundibuliformi valde
lobata extra sparse pubescente intus glabra, antheris exsertis; fructus turbinatus
vix pedicellatus.

Small tree, the branchlets rusty-tomentose when young, glabrate ; leaves elliptic,
up to 17 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide, chartaceous, the apex acuminate, the base
cuneate to attenuate, the margin somewhat revolute, the upper surface glabrous,
the lower surface pilose, especially on midrib, the petiole 2-3 cm. long; stipules
1-1.5 cm. long, densely rusty-tomentose, the pair surrounding the inflorescence
forming a more or less globose terminal bud, the free apices not well developed ;
inflorescence terminal, capitate, sessile (pedicels slightly developed in fruiting
plant) ; flowers white; calyx very short, truncate; corolla funnelform to salver-
form, 15 mm. long, thinly pubescent without, glabrous within, the tube 9-10 mm.
long, the lobes 6 mm. long, ovate; anthers oblong, 1.5 mm. long, exserted on
short filaments; style filiform, glabrous, slightly enlarged upward, bifid at apex
into 2 flattened lobes 2 mm. long; disk hemispheric; fruit red, turbinate, 8 mm.
long, 5-6 mm. wide, quite fleshy, the pyrenes roughly triangular, 6 mm. long, 4
mm. wide, truncate at apex, acute at base, with a constriction near apex, 3 blunt
dorsal keels in apical part, and a sinus or groove ventrally at apex.

Vitt Levu: Serua: Vatutavathe, vicinity of Ngaloa, alt. 150 m. May 5, 1941,
Degener 15213 (USNA, typr, A); Tholo North: Nandrau, vicinity of Nandarivatu,
alt. 750-900 m., Degener 14919 (USNA, A).

136 SARGENTIA (1

Very similar to P. tetragona Seem. but differing in the broader leaves which
are pubescent beneath, the stipules without long curved apices, the pubescent
corollas, and the more turbinate fruits with smaller pyrenes with much shorter
keels. Easily told from P. levuensis Gillespie by the capitate inflorescence.

Psychotria timonioides Fosberg, sp. nov.

Ramuli ferrugineo-tomentosi; folia coriacea, oblanceolata vel anguste obovata,
supra aurea glabra, infra pallida sparse pilosa; stipulae dense ferrugineo-
tomentosae; cymae laxae dense glandulari-pubescentes, primo quadrichotome
deinde trichotome deinde dichotome ramosae, quoque nodo 1-floro (flore terminali
sessili), ramulis ultimis 3-floris floribus sessilibus ; hypanthium basi articulatum;
calyx disciformis integer.

Branchlets terete, 3-4 mm. thick, densely rusty-tomentose; leaves oblanceolate
to narrowly obovate, up to 12 cm. long and 4.5 cm. wide, acute at apex, cuneate
at base, coriaceous, above glabrous, lustrous, golden-yellow (when dry), beneath
pale and sparsely pilose, the midrib densely so, the margins revolute, the petiole
thick, 1.5-2 cm. long, densely rusty-tomentose ; stipules densely rusty-tomentose,
well-developed ones not available; cymes loose, 3 at a node, becoming lateral,
densely glandular-pubescent, 6 cm. long (peduncle about 4 cm.), branched quad-
richotomously, then trichotomously, then dichotomously, at each node, in addition
to the branches, with a sessile terminal flower, each ultimate branchlet bearing a
cluster of 3 sessile flowers, the flowers with an articulation at base of hypanthium ;
calyx pubescent without, glabrous within, thick-chartaceous, spreading to form
a disk about 5 mm. across, the margin entire; disk hemispheric; corollas and
mature fruit unavailable.

Vitt Levu: Serua: Vatutavathe, vicinity of Ngaloa, in forest, alt. 150 m., May 5,
1941, Degener 15180a (A, typE, USNA).

Two twigs of this remarkable species were found mixed with the type collec-
tion of P. pittosporifolia Fosberg, which it resembles in the yellow upper surface
of the leaves. Vegetatively P. timonioides resembles P. Imthurnii Turrill, but
the longer, looser, peculiarly branched inflorescence and disk-like calyx do not
much resemble any species of Psychotria familiar to me. The superficial resem-
blance of the inflorescence to that of Timonius suggests the specific name.

READEA Gillespie

The genus Readea has been considered to be monotypic since it was described
by Gillespie in 1930. The original species, FR. membranacea, has been collected
a number of times and, although it is close to Psychotria, the peculiar calyx, the
disk gradually attenuate into the style rather than surrounding it, and the large
subcylindric fruits seem to set it off sufficiently. Two other plants have been
collected in fruit which seem to be more correctly placed here than in Psychotria.
They are described below. Of course, when they are collected in flower, if the
flowers do not show the peculiar structure of Readea, some other disposition
will have to be made of them.

Readea membranacea Gillespie in Bishop Mus. Bull. 74: 35. f. 49. 1930.

Vanua Levu: Mbua: Southern portion of Seatovo Range, alt. 100-360 m., Smith
504 (US, GH, NY); Thakaundrove: Vatunivuamonde Mt., Savu Savu Bay region,
alt. 250 m., Degener & Ordonez 14005 (USNA, A).

This species has previously been known from Taveuni and Viti Levu.
Readea roseata Fosberg, sp. nov.

Arbor parva glaber ; folia late oblanceolata vel obovata obtusa chartacea ; stipu-
lae ovatae caducae ; cymae in fructu axillares trichotomae; fructus cylindricus vel

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 137

fusiformis roseus 12 mm. longus 3-4 mm. latus, pyrenis dorso vix costatis apice
subtruncatis.

Small tree 3 m. tall, glabrous; leaves broadly oblanceolate to narrowly obovate,
up to 9 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide, obtuse to acutish at apex, gradually, then
abruptly, contracted at base to a petiole about 1 cm. or less long, the secondary
veins 11 or 12 on a side, widely spreading, not very prominent; stipules ovate,
early caducous; flowers not available; fruiting cymes axillary, borne in threes in
the axil of one leaf, 3-fruited, the peduncle 1-1.5 cm. long, the pedicels 0.5-1
cm. long; fruits cylindric to fusiform, “deep pink,” up to 12 mm. long, 3-4 mm.
thick, appearing subtruncate at apex, but with a somewhat raised disk, the calyx
mostly lost, but several damaged persistent ones 7-8 mm. long, tubular, lobed;
pyrenes 8 mm. long, very shallowly ridged dorsally, subtruncate at apex.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nauwanga, vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 750-900 m.,
Mar. 13, 1941, partly open rocky forest, Degener 14818 (USNA, tTypr, A).

This plant seems related to . membranacea, although it is known only in fruit.
The leaves are smaller, thicker, and more obtuse. The cymes are much shorter
and only once-branched, while the fruit is also much smaller. Flowering speci-
mens are very much desired to confirm the generic position.

Readea prismoclavata Fosberg, sp. nov.

Planta glabra nodosa; folia obovata subcoriacea ; stipulae bifidae infra petiolem
adnatae; fructus terminalis solitarius prismoclavatus quadrangularis truncatus.

Plants glabrous, the branchlets with prominent nodes; leaves obovate, about 5
cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, rounded to subacuminate at apex, cuneate at base,
subcoriaceous, with about 8 veins on a side, the petioles 6-10 mm. long; stipules
fused with petioles at base, about 5 mm. long, bifid at apex into lanceolate lobes ;
flowers unavailable; fruit solitary, terminal, on a pedicel 10-12 mm. long, the
body of fruit clavate-prismatic, 16-18 mm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, roughly 4-sided,
truncate at apex, with a prominent calyx-scar surrounding a depressed disk, with
a prominent style-base, attenuate at base.

Vitt Levu: Namosi: Vakarongasiu Mt., alt. 800 m., Gillespie 3272 (GH, Type).

This specimen, judging by the similarity of the fruit to that of R. membranacea,
and of the leaves to those of FR. roseata, should go into this genus, rather than
into Psychotria, where Gillespie referred the specimen.

Catycosta A. Gray

Of the two original species in the genus Calycosia, A. C. Smith (in Bishop
Mus. Bull. 141: 153. 1936) has selected C. petiolata A. Gray of Fiji as the type.
For several reasons the genus is not at all well understood. Considerable confu-
sion has resulted from Gray’s later inclusion in the genus of species of Psychotria
which have an enlarged and flaring or reflexed calyx-limb. In this he was fol-
lowed by Turrill and by Gillespie. The latter, however, aware of the discrepancy,
placed the original elements of Calycosia in the genus Uragoga L. and used Caly-
cosia for the discrepant ones. This confusion was cleared up by Smith (1. c.),
who restored Calycosia to its original sense and erected the genus Calycodendron
to accommodate most of the later accretions to Calycosia.

Gillespie, basing his judgment on the extremely inadequate fragment of the
U. S. Exploring Expedition material in the Gray Herbarium, interpreted C. petio-
lata as the species described below as C. macrocyatha, or at least as including this
species. Smith (1. c.), with some doubt, followed this disposition, as did I in
working up St. John’s Fijian Rubiaceae in 1939. A careful comparison with
the U. S. Exploring Expedition specimens in Washington and New York shows

138 SARGENTIA {1

that C. petiolata is quite a distinct thing from most of the material that has been
referred to it.

The principal difficulty with this genus lies in the inadequate or poorly pre-
served material usually obtained of it. The large water-soaked heads of flowers
do not press particularly well, and are very likely to become moldy. Extra heads
seldom accompany collections, and one hesitates to damage a specimen by dis-
secting the infloresence from it. Consequently, the morphology of the inflores-
cence is not well understood, and it must be admitted that the present treatment
does not particularly help in this direction. Yet, the peculiar inflorescence with
its involucrate bracts at each ramification seems to be the principal feature that
keeps the species concerned out of Psychotria. The large funnelform and de-
ciduous calyx, by itself, would scarcely set the group off generically.

Judging from the material at present available to me, there are at least three
Fijian species in Calycosia. Of these, one is complex and may be subdivided
into two varieties which may later be found to be species. I am not familiar
enough with the Samoan and Tahitian species referred to this genus to decide
whether they belong here or not. The following key will separate, by superficial
characters not requiring dissection of the inflorescence, the three species and two
varieties recognized in Fiji.

Heads relatively numerous, cymose-paniculate, the outer bracts 2 cm. or less long, open on

one side, not united into a cup-like or flask-like structure ................. C. petiolata,
Heads few (1 or 3), the outer bracts usually 2.5 cm. long or longer, completely united except
at apex.
Heads solitary, 1-1.6 cm. wide at anthesis (wider in fruit), the apical opening strongly
Contracted ‘at QNtHESIS: 4.66.5 m se bass ede vis oo Lda OG SDE ae wean ee bs C. lageniformis.
Heads in threes, at least 2 cm. wide and with a wide opening at anthesis ...C. macrocyatha.
Heads borne in a sessile involucre ..........6....05. C. macrocyatha var. macrocyatha.
Heads borne in a pedunculate involucre ................00005. C. m. var. kandavuenstis.

A specimen collected on Koro (Smith 970, GH, NY, US) is not placed, as
the material at hand is inadequate. It has the broad glabrous leaves of C. macro-
cyatha but has a cymose-paniculate fruiting inflorescence similar to that of C.
petiolata. My notes taken from the sheet of this number at New York suggest
that it should probably be associated with C. petiolata.

Calycosia petiolata A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 48. 1860.

Uragoga petiolata Gillespie in Bishop Mus. Bull. 74: 37. 1930.

Shrub or small tree; leaves thick-chartaceous to subcoriaceous, narrowly el-
liptic to elliptic-oblanceolate, up to 30 cm. long and 10 cm. wide, usually sharply
acuminate at apex, attenuate to a petiole at base, sparsely pilose beneath, at least
near midrib; stipules united near base, bifid at apex, the margins fimbriate-ciliate ;
heads several to many, in a small hemispherical cymose panicle, each head about
15 mm. high and broad, the bracts at ramifications of panicle and those closely
investing heads whitish, open on one side, densely fimbriate-ciliate; calyx just
under 1 cm. long, cut at apex into oblong lobes about 3 mm. long, fimbriate-ciliate ;
corolla about twice as long as calyx, the lobes hirtellous toward apex, the throat
densely woolly; bracts deciduous from the somewhat enlarged fruiting inflores-
cence; fruits oblong, about 7 mm. long, truncate at apex, crowned by subper-
sistent calyx, acutish at base, the pyrenes not keeled, but at most slightly ridged
dorsally.

Virt Levu: Ra: Tuvavatu, vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m., Degener
15379 (USNA, A); same general locality, Degener 15522 (USNA, A); Tholo North:
Nandarivatu, alt. 800-900 m., Degener & Ordones 13611 (USNA, A); same general locality,

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 139

near summit of Loma Langa Mt., Gillespie 4288 (US). Ovarau: U. S. Expl. Exped.
(NY). WitrHout DEFINITE LocaALity: U. S. Expl. Exped. (US, Type).
Calycosia lageniformis (Gillespie) A. C. Sm. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 141: 154. 1936.

Uragoga lageniformis Gillespie in Bishop Mus. Bull. 74: 36. f. 50. 1930.

To Gillespie’s description may be added that, prior to anthesis at least, the
involucre has, at apex, two bifid lobes about 1 cm. long. The involucre is really
sessile but the two subtending leaves soon drop off. When in fruit the involucre
becomes much broader and open at the apex. The fruit is about 14 mm. long,
red, and quite fleshy, with the pyrenes just over 1 cm. long, slightly ridged on the
back, acute at base and subtruncate or slightly dentate at apex. The calyx per-
sists for some time, but is absent at maturity.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nandarivatu, Degener 14540 (USNA, A), Degener &
Ordonez 13607 (USNA, A).

I have not seen Gillespie’s material of this species, but Degener’s specimens are
from the type locality.

Calycosia macrocyatha [Fosberg, sp. nov.

Frutex glaber; folia elliptica vel elliptico-lanceolata, subcoriacea, petiolata;
stipulae ovato-lanceolatae, 3-4 cm. longae, infra connatae, supra bifidae, caducae ;
inflerescentia tricapitata involucrata, involucro cyathiformi lobato quam floribus
longiore ; calyx tubularis, dentatus ; corolla infundibuliformis glabra valde exserta.

Slender shrub, up to 4 m. tall, glabrous, with fistulose branchlets, the internodes
short (1-2 cm.), at least above; leaves ample, petiolate, the blade elliptic to ob-
lanceolate, slightly acuminate at apex, attenuate to cuneate at base, subcoriaceous,
the secondary veins numerous, prominent; stipules caducous, coriaceous, ovate-
lanceolate, 3-4 cm. long, the basal 1 cm. connate, the apex deeply bifid; inflores-
cence of 3 pedunculate heads within a large funnel-shaped or cyathiform lobed
involucral bract, this either sessile or pedunculate, axillary (or to begin with,
terminal), split on one side to base, up to 6.5 cm. long, ‘‘white,”’ the peduncles of
individual heads up to 5 cm. long, the heads up to 3 cm. wide and 4 cm. long,
tending to be truncate at base, surrounded by a cup-shaped white involucral bract,
this usually exceeding the bracts and calyces within and open and flaring at top,
coriaceous when dry; within this are smaller bracts crowded together, apparently
at the nodes or ramifications of the condensed vestigial cyme, each bract sur-
rounding a cluster of flowers, each flower surrounded by a smaller bract, the mar-
gins of these inner bracts densely fimbriate-ciliate; calyx about 15 mm. long,
gradually dilated upward, with 5 unequal triangular teeth, these densely fimbriate-
ciliate ; corolla glabrous, about 4 cm. long, curved (at least when dry), funnelform
with slender tube gradually dilated upward, the lobes 5, oblong-ovate, about 8 mm.
long and 3 mm. wide, somewhat spreading, acute, slightly cucullate at apex;
anthers linear, the apices slightly exserted from throat of corolla; style filiform,
somewhat shorter than corolla, deeply bifid at apex; fruit unavailable.

Found, so far, on Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, and Kandavu.

Two varieties are apparent in the material available. The portion of the de-
scription above concerning the flowers was drawn from var. kandavuensis.

Calycosia macrocyatha var. macrocyatha Fosberg, var. nov.

Involucrum sessile, infundibuliforme, valde lobatum, caducum.

The typical form of the species, with sessile, funnelform involucral bract 6 cm.
long, cut halfway into 5 unequal obtuse lobes, early caducous.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nandrau, vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. 750-900 m.,
Degener 14914 (USNA, A). Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Mt. Mariko, in dense
forest, alt. 600-866 m., Nov. 14, 1933, Smith 472 (US, type, NY).

140 SARGENTIA {1

Calycosia macrocyatha var. kandavuensis Fosberg, var. nov.

Involucrum pedunculatum campanulatum persistente.

Involucral bract campanulate, up to 4 cm. long, persistent but becoming badly
frayed, on a thick peduncle up to 6 cm. long.

Kanpavu: Mt. Mbuke Levu, dense forest, alt. 750-840 m., Oct. 25, 1933, Smith 273
(GH, NY, type, US).

CoprosMA J. R. & G. Forst.
Coprosma persicaefolia A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 50. 1860.

Vitt Levu: Ra: Vicinity of Rewasa, near Vaileka, alt. 50-200 m., Degener 15353
(USNA, A); Tholo North: Nandarivatu, alt. 800-900 m., Degener 13533 (USNA,
A). WutHovUT DEFINITE Locality: U. S. Expl. Exped. (US, Isotype).

The specimens cited above show certain characters not brought out by Oliver
in his monograph (Bishop Mus. Bull. 132: 138. 1935). The leaves of all three
collections are considerably smaller than indicated by Oliver, so that they would
key to C. novachebridae rather than to C. persicaefolia. No. 13533 has the leaves
narrowed gradually at base, rather than abruptly, which, in the key, would take
it to C. strigulosa of Samoa. All of the collections have a peculiar type of
domatia on the under surface of the leaves. These are superficial, not embedded
in the blade, and seem to be lunate or hook-like outgrowths from the midrib,
open toward the apex of the leaf. The vein appears to emerge from the outer
curve of this structure, but an examination of the upper leaf-surface shows that
the vein is really normally branched from the midrib. The leaf-margins are
slightly crisped when dry. I should scarcely describe the petioles as “rather long
and slender,” since they are only 3-5 mm. long in these specimens. The stipules
are definitely glandular-denticulate as well as conspicuously ciliate. The fruits
of the U. S. Exploring Expedition specimen are somewhat ovoid, as described
by Oliver, but those of no. 75353 are very small and globose. They are appar-
ently abortive. Those of no. 15533 are well developed, 4-5 mm. long, and nar-
rowly ellipsoid rather than ovoid. Two out of the three sectioned were 3-celled,
rather than 2-celled with the third cell sterile. The pubescence, in general, is
strigose, except on the margins.

No. 15353 is said to have the native name timo and to be used externally for
aches.

CUCURBITACEAE

Coccinea cordifolia (L.) Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 3: 529. 1881.

Vitt Levu: Lautoka: Lautoka, Greenwood 8254 (GH) (creeper, in open sunny
places; corolla pure white).

Apparently not previously reported from the Pacific, this Asiatic plant is prob-
ably a recent introduction to Fiji.

LOBELIACEAE

Lobelia zeylanica L. Sp. Pl. 932. 1753; Merr. & Perry in Jour. Arnold Arb, 22: 386.
1941.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Loma Langa Trail, vicinity of Nandarivatu, alt. about
850 m., Degener & Ordonez 13683 (GH) (along trail in rain-forest) ; Nandarivatu, alt.
about 830 m., Greenwood S11 (GH) (in damp grassland in open, but most common on wet
shady paths in forest). VANUA Levu: Thakaundrove: Valanga, Savu Savu Bay
region, alt. 30 m., Degener & Ordonez 13911 (GH) (in springy clearing).

The cited collections are of especial interest as representing the first record of
the species, as far as I can ascertain, from east of New Guinea, and the first occur-

rence of the family in Fiji.

1942] SMITH, FIJIAN PLANT STUDIES, II 141

COMPOSITAE
Mikania micrantha H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 134. 1820; Christoph. in Bishop Mus.
Bull. 128: 209. 1935.

Vitt Levu: Serua: Ngaloa, near sea-level, Degener 15084 (GH) (in wet meadow;
native name: mbosuthu). OvaLrau: Near Levuka, alt. 150 m., Bryan 605 (GH). Kan-
pavu: Namalata Isthmus region, near sea-level, Smith 13 (GH, NY) (in clearings and
thickets; native name: wa mbutako). Vanua Levu: Mbua: Lower Wainunu River
valley, alt. 0-200 m., Smith 1733 (NY) (pernicious weed, in clearings; native name: wa
mbosuvu); Thakaundrove: Southern slope of Valanga Range, alt. 200-400 m., Smith
391 (NY) (at edge of forest).

The fact that this vigorous and abundant weed has not previously been re-
ported from Fiji in taxonomic literature indicates that it is probably of recent
introduction.

Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. Syst. 610. 1774.
Vanua Levu: Thakaundrove: Valanga, Savu Savu Bay region, near sea-level,
Degener & Ordonez 13827 (GH) (in swampy pasture).
I believe that this widespread weed has not previously been recorded from
Fiji; the nearest record I can locate is from New Caledonia.
Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. Fruct. 2: 456. pl. 171, fig. 7. 1791; Setch. in Carn. Inst.
Publ. 341: 41. 1924; Christoph. in Bishop Mus. Bull. 128: 210. 1935.

Vitt Levu: Rewa: Suva, near sea-level, Degener & Ordonez 13518 (GH) (common
roadside weed).

Although reported as common in many other Pacific groups, this weed has
apparently not previously been reported from Fiji.

Youngia japonica (L.) DC. Prodr. 7: 194. 1838.

Vitt Levu: Tholo North: Nandarivatu, alt. about 830 m., Greenwood 801 (GH)
(in damp places; flower-heads yellow).

This species, apparently becoming naturalized, has not previously been recorded
from Fiji or any of the adjacent groups. I follow the recent treatment of Bab-
cock and Stebbins (in Carn. Inst. Publ. 484: 94. 1937) in referring the species
to Youngia rather than to Crepis.

INDEX

New names are printed in bold-face type.

Abramsia trichotoma, 125
Acanthaceae, 117
Acanthophippium vitiense, 9
Adenosma triflora, 116
Agatea violaris, 57
f. mollis, 58
f. typica, 57, 58
Aglaia Archboldiana, 44
axillaris, 43
basiphylla, 44
fragilis, 45
Greenwoodii, 44, 45
obliqua, 42
vitiensis, 42-45
Alpinia Parksii, 7
purpurata, 7
Alternanthera sessilis, 31
Alyxia linearifolia, 107
stellata, 108
Amaranthaceae, 30
Ammocallis rosea, 107
Amphilophis glabra, 5
Ananas comosus, 6
sativus, 6
Andropogon annulatus, 5
glaber, 5
Andruris vitiensis, 5
Annona glabra, 34
squamosa, 34
Annonaceae, 31
Apocynaceae, 107
Aristida aspera, 6
Arthropteris Archboldiae, 3
neocaledonica, 4
tenella, 3, 4
Arundo donax, 6
Asclepiadaceae, 108
Asclepias volubilis, 111
Astronia, 87
aneityensis, 88
banksiana, 88
confertiflora, 88, 89
consertiflora, 89
floribunda, 90
fraterna, 88
inflata, 92
macrantha, 93
parviflora, 90
Pickeringii, 91, 92
var. samoensis, 92
var. vitiensis, 91, 92
robusta, 92
sessilis, 93

143

Astronia Storckii, 94
tomentosa, 94
victoriae, 91

Astronidium, 87
aneityense, 88
banksianum, 88
confertiflorum, 89
Degeneri, 93
floribundum, 90
inflatum, 92
kasiense, 95
macranthum, 93, 94
parviflorum, 88, 90
Pickeringii, 88, 92

var. samoense, 92
robustum, 92-94
sessile, 93
Storckii, 94, 95
tomentosum, 94
victoriae, 88, 90, 91, 94

Balanophora fungosa, 30
pallens, 30

Balanophoraceae, 30

Balanopsidaceae, 11

Bixa Orellana, 57

Bixaceae, 57

Boehmeria, 26
platyphylla, 26

var. virgata, 26
virgata, 26

Breynia, 48
disticha, 48

var. genuina, 48

var. neocaledonica, 48

var. typica, f. nivosa, 48
longifolia, 48
nivosa, 48

var. roseo-picta, 48
oblongifolia, 48

Bromeliaceae, 6

Bryophyllum pinnatum, 35

Calophanes repandus, 117

Calycodendron, 125
fragrans, 126
glabrum, 126
magnificum, 126
pubiflorum, 126
rufescens, 127

Calycosia, 137
fragrans, 126
glabra, 126
lageniformis, 139
macrocyatha, 137-139

144

Calycosia macrocyatha var. kandavuensis,

139, 140
var. macrocyatha, 139
magnifica, 126
monticola, 125, 127
petiolata, 137, 138
pubiflora, 126
Canthiopsis odorata, 120
Casearia angustifolia, 63
disticha, 62, 64
longifolia, 64
Melistaurum, 62, 63
var. minor, 62, 63
Richii, 63
Seemanni, 62
Cassia obtusifolia, 39
Tora, 39
Catharanthus roseus, 107
Cayratia acuminata, 57
grandifolia, 57
japonica, 57
saponacea, 56, 57
saponaria, 56, 57
Seemanniana, 55
trifolia, 57
Chaetacanthus repandus, 117
Chrysobalanus Icaco, 36
Cinnamomum Degeneri, 34
sulphuratum, 34
Cissus acuminata, 57
saponaria, 56
Citronella samoensis, 54
vitiensis, 53
Claoxylon affine, 51
Archboldianum, 50, 51
echinospermum, 51
erythrophyllum, 51
fallax, 50
parvicoccum, 49
samoense, 51
sitibundum, 51
taitense, 51
vitiense, 50
Cleidion Degeneri, 51
verticillatum, 52
Vieillardii, 52
var. mareense, 52
var. vitiense, 52
Clerodendron fallax, 115
flagrans, var. pleniflora, 115
fragrans, var. pleniflora, 115
speciosissimum, 115
Clerodendrum fragrans, var. pleniflorum,
115
speciosissimum, 115
Clidemia, 86
hirta, 87
Coccinea cordifolia, 140
Combretaceae, 74
Compositae, 141
Comptonia peregrina, 18

SARGENTIA {1

Convolvulaceae, 113
Coprosma novaehebridae, 140
persicaefolia, 140
strigulosa, 140
Couthovia, 99
alata, 101, 104
calophylla, 101
collina, 100, 101
corynocarpa, 99-102, 104-106
macrocarpa, 100, 101, 105, 107
macroloba, 101, 104
neo-ebudica, 101
novocaledonica, 101
pachyantha, 101, 106
Seemanni, 99, 100, 102-104
Seemannii, 102
Toua, 101
Crassulaceae, 35
Crotalaria mucronata, 39
Saltiana, 39
striata, 39
Cryptocarya constricta, 35
Degeneri, 34
exfoliata, 35
trinervia, 35
Cucurbitaceae, 140
Cuphea balsamona, 73
carthagenensis, 73
Cyathocalyx vitiensis, 33
Cymburus urticaefolius, 114
Cynometra falcata, 38, 39
‘grandiflora, 36
insularis, 38
Cyrtandra Aloisiana, 116
anthropophagorum, 117
Chippendalei, 116
tomentosa, 116
Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum, 5
Dais disperma, 67, 68
Deeringia amaranthoides, 30
Desmos insularis, 31
Dichanthium annulatum, 5
Dolicholobium, 118
latifolium, 118
longissimum, 118, 119
Maceregori, 118
oblongifolium, 118, 119
var. Degeneri, 119
var. longissimum, 119
var. oblongifolium, 119
Dorisia flavida, 120
Dracontomelon pilosum, 40, 41
Drymispermum acuminatum, 71
Billardieri, 68, 69
Burnettianum, 68
Forsteri, 68
lanceolatum, 73
montanum, 70
pubiflorum, 69
subcordatum, 71, 72
Drypetes vitiensis, 49

1942]

Durandea, 40

vitiensis, 40
Dyschoriste repanda, 117
Dysoxylum lenticellare, 42, 43

myriandrum, 41

obliquum, 42

pilosum, 40

Richii, 41
Elatostema, 13

anfractum, 25

Archboldianum, 17

australe, 13-17

comptonioides, 17

cupreo-viride, 20

eximium, 21, 22

filicoides, 23

var. eufilicoides, 17, 23
var. vitiense, 16

fruticosum, 19, 20

Gillespiei, 20

humile, 22

insulare, 19

macrophyllum, 14, 20, 21

nemorosum, 18

palustre, 13, 14, 20

pedunculatum, 24

peltatum, 23

Seemannianum, 14, 21

sessile, 13, 14, 19, 22

tenellum, 13, 22

vitiense, 16, 17
Embelia gracilis, 96
Endiandra monticola, 35
Eranthemum insularum, 118

laxiflorum, 118
Erythrina indica, 39

variegata, var. orientalis, 39
Eugenia Brackenridgei, 75

coalita, 75

curvistyla, 75

diffusa, 76

durifolia, 76

gracilipes, 78

Grayi, 76

malaccensis, 78

nandarivatensis, 77

neurocalyx, 75

quadrangulata, 77

Richii, 77, 78

rivularis, 76

Suzukii, 77

vitiensis, 78

Wolfii, 75
Eumorphanthus, 125

fragrans, 125, 127
Euphorbiaceae, 46
Exocarpus latifolius, 30

vitiensis, 29
Fissistigma sericeum, 32
Flacourtia Degeneri, 62

ovata, 61, 62

INDEX

Flacourtia subintegra, 61, 62
Flacourtiaceae, 58
Freycinetia Degeneri, 4
Hombronii, 4
intermedia, 4
Milnei, 5
Pritchardii, 5
Gaertnera barbata, 102
pyramiidalis, 105
Geniostoma calcicola, 99
crassifolium, 99
rupestre, 98, 99
var. ellipticum, 99
var. puberulum, 97
stenocarpum, 98
vitiense, 97-99
Gesneriaceae, 116

Glochidion amentuligerum, 46, 47

anfractuosum, 46, 47

calciphilum, 46

concolor, 47, 48

Daltonii, 46

emarginatum, 47, 48

Gillespiei, 46

Manono, 46-48

marquesanum, 48

ramiflorum, 47, 48

var. mMarquesanum, 48

tannaense, 47
Gonystylus punctatus, 65
Gramineae, 5
Graptophyllum insularum, 118

siphonostena, 118
Guettarda Kajewskii, 122
Guioa chrysea, 54

subfalcata, 55
Habenaria physoplectra, 9

scrotiformis, 7
Harpullia arborea, 55

mellea, 55
Heliconia Bihai, 7
Hippocrateaceae, 53
Homalium, 58

aneityense, 60

Gillespiei, 59

laurifolium, 59

nitens, 58-60

pallidum, 60

vitiense, 58, 59
Hoya, 108

australis, 109, 110, 112, 113

Barracki, 112, 113

bicarinata, 110, 111

Billardieri, 110

diptera, 112, 113

intermedia, 111, 112

megalantha, 109

pilosa, 111

vitiensis, 110, 112
Hydrocotyle javanica, 96
Icacinaceae, 53

146

Indigofera Anil, 39
suffruticosa, 39
tinctoria, 39

Ixora amplexicaulis, 124
coronata, 124
pelagica, 124
Sect. Pylleilema, 124
Sect. Vitixora, 124
somosomaensis, 124
Storckii, 124

Jambosa Brackenridgei, 75
gracilipes, 78
quadrangulata, 77
Richii, 77

Jasminum Degeneri, 97
didymum, 97
Smithianum, 96, 97

Jussiaea erecta, 95
suffruticosa, 96

Koelreuteria formosana, 55

Labiatae, 115

Languas Parksii, 7

Lantana aculeata, 114
Camara, var. aculeata, 114
Moritziana, 114

Lauraceae, 34

Lawsonia inermis, 74

Leguminosae, 36

Leucosmia acuminata, 68, 71
Burnettiana, 68
glabra, 70
lanceolata, 73
montanum, 70
ovata, 68, 69
pubiflora, 69
subcordata, 71

Limnophila Roxburghii, 116
rugosa, 116

Linaceae, 40

Liparis orbiculata, 9

Lobelia zeylanica, 140

Lobeliaceae, 140

Lochnera, 107
rosea, 107

Lochneria, 107

Loganiaceae, 97

Lomagramma polyphylla, 23

Lythraceae, 73

Maniltoa grandiflora, 36-38
minor, 37
Schefferi, 36

Medinilla, 79
amoena, 79, 84, 85
Archboldiana, 82, 83
heterophylla, 79, 81, 83
Kambikambi, 82, 85
kandavuensis, 83
longicymosa, 80, 81
parviflora, 85
parvifolia, 79, 85, 86
rhodochlaena, 79, 84

SARGENTIA {1

Medinilla samoensis, 79
Waterhouse, 80
Medusanthera vitiensis, 54
Melanthes, 48
Melanthesa, 48
Melastomataceae, 79
Meliaceae, 40
Melistaurum distichum, 63
Merremia nymphaeifolia, 113
Microstegium glabratum, 5
Mikania micrantha, 141
Moraceae, 13
Morinda, 122
bucidaefolia, 123
citrifolia, 122
Forsteri, 123
Grayi, 122
lucida, 122
mollis, 123, 124
myrtifolia, 123
nandarivatensis, 123
umbellata, 122-124
var. Archboldiana, 123
var. bucidaefolia, 123
var. Forsteri, 123
var. glandulosa, 123
Musaceae, 7
Myrsinaceae, 96
Myrtaceae, 74
Nauclea Forsteri, 119
Neonauclea Forsteri, 119
vitiensis, 119, 120
Odontochilus Degeneri, 9
klabatensis, 9
longiflorus, 9
Oleaceae, 96
Onagraceae, 95
Operculina Turpethum, 113
Oplismenus undulatifolius, 6
Orchidaceae, 7
Oxalidaceae, 40
Oxalis corymbosa, 40
Martiana, 40
Oxymitra monosperma, 33
Pandanaceae, 4
Pandanus tectorius, 6
Panicum oxyphyllum, 5, 6
reptans, 6
trigonum, 6
Pareugenia, 74
Brackenridgei, 75
Imthurnii, 75
oblongifolia, 75
oligadelpha, 75
Passiflora foetida, 65
var. hispida, 65
maliformis, 65
suberosa, 65
Passifloraceae, 65
Pelagodendron, 120
vitiense, 120

1942] INDEX 147

Pellionia australis, 15 Procris Wightiana, 24, 25
elatostemoides, 14, 15 Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum, 118
var. pubescens, 15 Pseudomorus Brunoniana, 13
filicoides, 23 Psychotria, 125
Goepeliana, 26 Archboldiana, 131
vitiensis, 16 aurantiocarpa, 126, 130
Pemphis acidula, 73 brevicalyx, 132
Phaleria, 67 Caldwellii, 126
acuminata, 71, 73 calycosa, 125, 127
angustifolia, 71 carnea, 125, 132
Burnettiana, 68 chrysophylla, 134
disperma, 67 confertiloba, 125
glabra/0,-/1, 73 cordata, 126, 130
ixorioides, 70 var. podantha, 130
lanceolata, 73 crassiflora, 132
montana, 70 Degeneri, 129, 134
pubiflora, 69 edentata, 126, 134
pulchra, 69, 70 Eumorphanthus, 127
subcordata, 71, 72 filipes, 126, 128, 129
Phyllanthus amentuliger, 46 fragrans, 126, 127
concolor, 47 furcans, 126, 133
distichus, 48 Gibbsiae, 127
Niruri, 46 var. velutina, 127
nivosus, 48 Gillespieana, 132
ramiflorus, var. genuinus, 47 glabra, 126
roseo-pictus, 48 griseifolia, 126, 129, 130
urinaria, 46 var. unicarinata, 129
Piper corylistachyon, 11 Imthurnii, 136
Degeneri, 10 levuensis, 136
insectifugum, 11 macrocalyx, 125
latifolium, 10 macroserpens, 131
polystachyum, 10 magnifica, 126
Timothianum, 10 minor, 131
Piperaceae, 10 monocarpa, 126, 130
Pipturus, 27 monticola, 127
argenteus, 27-29 neurocalyx, 125, 126
var. lanosus, 27, 28 pachyantha, 126, 134
gracilipes, 28, 29 pacifica, 132
incanus, 27 parvula, 131
platyphyllus, 28, 29 Pickeringii, 126, 128, 130
propinquus, 27 var. solanoides, 128, 130
velutinus, 27 pittosporifolia, 134, 136
vitiensis, 29 platycocca, 126, 128
Pogostemon Cablin, 115 pubiflora, 126
Pollinia glabrata, 5 rufescens, 127
Polyalthia pedicellata, 32 rufocalyx, 127
Polygala paniculata, 45 serpens, 131
Polygalaceae, 45 var. parvula, 131
Polypodiaceae, 3 solanoides, 128
Premna tahitensis, var. marchionica, 114 St.-johnii, 125, 129, 135
var. rimatarensis, 114 taviunensis, 126, 128
taitensis, var. marchionica, 114 tephrosantha, 131
var. rimatarensis, 114 tetragona, 136
Procris, 24 tetragonoides, 135
anfracta, 25 timonioides, 136
Archboldiana, 25, 26 - turbinata, 132, 133
Goepeliana, 25, 26 vitiensis, 125, 127
montana, 26 Pueraria Thunbergiana, 39
pedunculata, 24 Quamoclit coccinea, var. hederifolia, 114
var. eupedunculata, 24, 25 pennata, 114

var. ornata, 25 pinnata, 114

148 SARGENTIA

Randia, 120 Syzygium Seemannianum, 76
odorata, 120 simillimum, 76
vitiensis, 120 spectabile, 75

Readea, 136 vitiense, 78
membranacea, 136, 137 Wolfii, 75
prismoclavata, 137 Tectaria Degeneri, 3
roseata, 136, 137 elegans, 3

Richella monosperma, 33 Godeffroyi, 3

Rosaceae, 36 latifolia, 3

Rubiaceae, 118 Terminalia Richii, 74

Salacia aneityensis, 53 vitiensis, 74
pachycarpa, 53 Thunbergia grandiflora, 117
prinoides, 53 Thymeliaceae, 65
vitiensis, 53 Timonius affinis, 121

Santalaceae, 29 var. sapotaefolius, 121

Sapindaceae, 54 sapotaefolius, 121

Sarcocephalus pacificus, 120 Smithii, 121

Sarcopygme, 120 Trigonostemon voratus, 52

Schrankia distachya, 36 Trilocularia pedicellata, 12

Sciaphila vitiensis, 5 vitiensis, 11

Scrophulariaceae, 116 Triuridaceae, 5

Setaria geniculata, 6 Turnera ulmifolia, 64

Spilanthes acmella, 141 Turneraceae, 64

Stachytarpheta indica, 114 Umbelliferae, 96
jamaicensis, 114 Uragoga, 137
mutabilis, 114 lageniformis, 139
urticaefolia, 114 petiolata, 138
urticifolia, 114 Urochloa reptans, 6

Synedrella nodiflora, 141 Urtica virgata, 26

Syzygium, 74 Urticaceae, 13
aneityense, 76 Uvaria Baillonii, 32
Beccarii, 77 Verbenaceae, 114
Brackenridgei, 75 Vinca rosea, 107
corynocarpum, 76 Violaceae, 57
curvistylum, 75 Vitaceae, 55
diffusum, 76 Vitex heterophylla, 115
durifolium, 76 Negundo, 115
fastigiatum, 74 var. bicolor, 115
Gillespiei, 78 quinata, 115
gracilipes, 78 trifolia, 115
Grayi, 76 var. bicolor, 115
Imthurnii, 75 var. simplicifolia, 115
Jambos, 78 Vitis acuminata, 57
malaccense, 78 saponaria, 55, 56
nidie, 77 Xylopia Degeneri, 32
nomoa, 75 sericea, 32
oblongifolium, 75 vitiensis, 32, 33
oligadelphum, 75 Xylosma Archboldianum, 61
quadrangulatum, 77 Guillauminii, 61
Richii, 77, 78 orbiculatum, 61
rivulare, 76 Youngia japonica, 141

Schumannianum, 75 Zingiberaceae, 7

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM
OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY

No. 1. The Hypodermataceae of Conifers. By Grant Dooxs DarKER,
131 pp. 27 pl. June 15, 1932. Price $3.00

No. 2. Taxonomy and Geographical Distribution of the Genus Milesia. By
JoserpH HorAcE FAuLL. 138 pp. 2 figs.,9 pl. Oct. 1, 1932. Price $3.00

No. 3. Studies in the Boraginaceae, IX. By Ivan M. Jounstron. 102 pp.
Dec. 15, 1932. Price $2.00

No. 4. Ligneous Plants Collected in North Queensland for the Arnold
Arboretum by S. F. Kajewskiin 1929. ByC.T.Wuite. 113pp. 9pl. April1,
1933, Price $2.75

No. 5. Flora of Barro Colorado Island, Panama. By Pau C. STANDLEY.
178 pp. 21 pl.and map. Oct. 1, 1933. Price $3.50

No. 6. Phytogeographic Studies in the Peace and Upper Liard River Regions,
Canada. With a Catalogue of the Vascular Plants. By HucH M. Raup.
230 pp. 9pl.and map. Feb. 15, 1934. Price $2.50

No. 7. The Beech Bark Disease; a Nectria Disease of Fagus following Crypto-
coccus Fagi (Baer.). By JoHN Enriicu. 104 pp. 9 pl. Sept. 29, 1934.
Price $2.00

No. 8. An Enumeration of Plants Collected in Sumatra by W. N. and C. M.
Bangham. By E. D. MERRILL. 178 pp. 14 pl. Aug. 25, 1934. Price $2.50

No. 9. The Species of Tradescantia Indigenous to the United States. By
EpGAR ANDERSON and ROBERT E. Woopson. 132 pp. 12 pl. Aug. 30, 1935.

Price $2.25
No. 10. The Cephalosporium Disease of Elms. By Don BAKER CREAGER.
91 pp. 16pl. July 1937. Price $2.00

No. 11. Taxonomy and Geographical Distribution of the Genus Uredinopsis.
By JosepH Horace FAuLL. 120 pp. 6pl. Sept. 30, 1938. Price $2.00

List of other publications issued by the Arnold Arboretum
will be sent on request.