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SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATIONS IN 
PHANEROGAMS, FERNS, AND MOSSES 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


The United States National Herbarium, which was founded by the 
Smithsonian Institution, was transferred in the year 1868 to the 
Department of Agriculture and continued to be maintained by that 
department until July 1, 1896, when it was returned to the official ~ 
custody of the Smithsonian Institution. The Department of Agri-—~. 
culture, however, continued to publish the series of botanical reports 
entitled ‘‘Contributions from the United States National Herba- 
rium,’’ which it had begun in the year 1890, until, on July 1, 1902, 
the National Museum, in pursuance of an act of Congress, assumed 
responsibility for the publication. The first seven volumes of the 
series were issued by the Department of Agriculture. 


Ricuarp RatTusun, 
Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, 


i charge of the United States National Museum. 
Il 


PLATE 1. 


"NOS TSN “VW HSMSYONY WOINS1dsSy 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


CONTRIBUTIONS 


FROM THE 


UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM 


VOLUME 16 


SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATIONS 
IN 


PHANEROGAMS, FERNS, 
AND MOSSES 


WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1912-1916 


NOTE. 


The 14 parts of volume 16 of the Contributions were issued as 
follows: 


Part 1, pages 1 to 24, February 13, 1912. 
Part 2, pages 25 to 62, June 19, 1912. 

Part 3, pages 63 to 108, July 6, 1912. 

Part 4, pages 109 to 196, February 12, 1913. 
Part 5, pages 197 to 224, February 11, 1913. 
Part 6, pages 225 to 238, February 21, 1913. 
Part 7, pages 239 to 242, April 10, 1913. 

Part 8, pages 243 to 254, May 14, 1913. 

Part 9, pages 255 to 262, June 6, 1913. 

Part 10, pages 263 to 276, December 13, 1913. 
Part 11, pages 277 to 286, December 13, 1913. 
Part 12, pages 287 to 298, August 23, 1913. 
Part 13, pages 299 to 308, December 29, 1913. 
Part 14, pages 309 to 371, February 10, 1916. 


IV 


PREFACE. 


Volume 16 of the Contributions consists of 24 papers originally 
published in 14 parts. The first of four papers constituting part 1 
is a discussion, by Mr. William R. Maxon, Associate Curator of the 
National Herbarium, of tho systematic standing of Asplenium an- 
drewsii with a reprint of Professor Nelson’s description. The second, 
much longer one consists of a report, by Dr. J. N. Rose and Mr. Paul 
C. Standley, Assistant Curator of the National Herbarium, on a collec- 
tion of plants chiefly from the region between the Pinacate Moun- 
tains of Sonora, Mexico, and Tucson, Arizona. The plants were 
obtained by an expedition directed by Dr. D. T. MacDougal, of the 
Desert Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution. Determinations of 
the plant species collected are given, together with descriptions of 
a few which proved to be new. In the third paper Doctor Rose 
describes a new cucurbitaceous plant from the vicinity of Tucson, 
Arizona, and bases upon it a new genus, Tumamoca. The last 
paper, by Mr. R. S. Williams, of the New York Botanical Garden, 
consists of descriptions of several new mosses collected in Panama 
by Mr. Maxon, with notes on other interesting species. 

The second part consists of a third installment of the results of 
Mr. Maxon’s studies of tropical American ferns. The most impor- 
tant portion is a monographic treatment of the North American 
species of Hemitelia, subgenus Cnemidaria, a group which has 
received little attention from fern students for many years and the 
members of which have been determined generally under wrong and 
loosely applied names. With an ample amount of material at hand 
the problem became chiefly one of taxonomy. That it is possible to 
offer a solution of its difficulties is due in large measure to the courte- 
ous assistance extended by the curators of several Kuropean herbaria. 

Part 3 is devoted to a monograph of the North American species 
of Nymphaea, the work of Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr., Curator of the 
Division of Mammals, in the National Museum, and Mr. Standley. 
It contains descriptions and illustrations of all the species of yellow 
pond lilies known at present from the New World. Heretofore 
there have been recognized in this area about half a dozen forms; 
the number in the present paper is 19. Most of the new species come 
from the Southern States, mainly from the coastal plain of the Gulf 
of Mexico. The work was initiated by Mr. Miller about ten years ago 
and was carried far forward by him, but owing to interruption by 
other duties he has availed himself of the assistance of Mr. Standley 

Vv 


VI PREFACE. 


to complete the undertaking. The history and method of the work 
are noted in an introduction by Doctor Rose. 

The next paper (part 4), by Mr. E. O. Wooton, of the United 
States Department of Agriculture, and Mr. Standley, contains 
descriptions of many new plants from the State of New Mexico. 
These have been discovered by the authors while engaged in the 
preparation of a report upon the flora of that State which is designed 
for future publication as a volume of the Contributions from the 
United States National Herbarium.!| That a large number of unde- 
scribed plants have been detected in the progress of the work has 
resulted not only from the neglect of this area by most recent students 
of systematic botany, but also from the fact that there are now 
assembled for the first time fairly complete collections from all parts 
of the State. In addition to the diagnoses of many new species and 
one new genus, the publication of a number of new names is found 
necessary. 

There follow seven short papers (composing part 5), all of them 
systematic studies. The first four of these are by Prof. Charles V. 
Piper, of the Department of Agriculture, one supplementing his 
work on the grasses of the genus Festuca, published in volume 10 of 
the Contributions; a second revising the larkspurs of the group rep- 
resented by Delphinium simplex and describing a new species; a 
third settling the application of the name Heuchera cylindrica of 
Douglas; the fourth presenting miscellancous new or noteworthy 
plants from the Pacific coast and adjusting questions of nomenclature. 
The fifth paper, by Mr. William E. Safford, of the Department of 
Agriculture, describes a new genus of Annonaceae from Colombia, 
with the species upon which it is based. The sixth paper, by Doctor 
Rose and Mr. Standley, is a revision of the section N ephromeria of 
the genus Meibomia, in which nine species, three of them new, are 
described. In the seventh paper Mr. E. S. Steele, of the National 
Herbarium, characterizes four new species of goldenrod from the 
northeastern United States. 

The next paper (part 6), dealing with certain South American 
palms, by Messrs. O. F. Cook and C. B. Doyle, of the Bureau of Plant 
Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, is devoted chiefly to 
descriptions of three new genera of the family Iriarteaceae and the 
three new species which serve as generic types. All three genera were 
found in the forests of the Pacific coast of Colombia, near Buenaven- 
tura, in a region that seems not to have been visited by earlier stu- 
dents of this group of plants. The specimens, with notes, measure- 
ments, and photographs, were secured in 1905, when Mr. Doyle 
accompanied Mr. H. Pittier, also of the Bureau of Plant Industry, 


1See volume 19. 


PREFACE. Vil 


during a visit of agricultural exploration in Colombia. As much of © 
the literature of the palms is based on rather fragmentary information, 
these more complete data, drawn from fresh material, will be appre- 
ciated. One of the results of the present study is to show the desira- 
bility of a subdivision of the family Iriarteaccae into three tribes, a 
synopsis of which is included. Synopses and descriptions are also 
given of the genera and species of the two tribes in which the new 
genera are placed. 

A paper follows (part 7) in which Dr.N. L. Britton and Doctor Rose 
put on record some results of their joint studies in the cactus family, 
describing seven new species and revising several old names. As the 
authors are likely to publish in the Contributions from time to time 
further results of their work in this field, it has seemed advisable to 
connect their reports in a series under a uniform title. 

The succeeding paper (part 8), by Mr. Cook, is in the nature of a 
continuation of a study on the “Relationships of the Ivory Palms,” 
published as volume 13, part 5, of these Contributions. The results 
reached in the former study are applied to the classification of another 
aberrant genus of palms whose affinities have been misunderstood. 
In the way of a conclusion the paper gives the outlines of a general 
treatment of all the American palms. 

Another paper (part 9), by Doctors Britton and Rose, follows, 
dealing with Epiphyllum and related genera of the family Cactaceae, 
the treatment being similar to that of the genus Cereus and its allies 
in volume 12 of the Contributions, but including in addition South 
American species. It is parallel also to the preliminary treatment 
of the tribe Opuntioideae, by the same authors, in the Smithsonian 
Miscellancous Collections, volume 50, part 4. Two new genera and 
five new species are described. 

In part 10 Mr. Safford presents further results of his studies in 
tropical American Annonaceae, dealing with a subgroup of the genus 
Annona, which he distinguishes as a new section, Pilannona, with 
Annona sericea as its type. Ten species are recognized, of which 
seven are described as new. ‘The older species are redescribed after 
a critical examination of the type specimens. . 

In the next number (part 11) Mr. Cook reviews the botanical history 
of two well-known tropical fruit trees, the sapote and the sapodilla. 

The following paper (part 12),on the tribes Hauyeae and Gongylo- 
carpeae of the evening primrose family, by John Donnell Smith and 
Doctor Rose, is of a monographic character, embodying all that is 
at present known of these two tribes. The tribe Gongylocarpeae is 
here first established, as are also two of the genera and one of the 
species. The authors have availed themselves of the resources of 
the National Herbarium, and Doctor Rose has had the additional 
advantage of a field acquaintance with Xylonagra and Burragea in 


VIII PREFACE, 


the deserts of Lower California. Of special interest is the unique 
fruiting habit of Gongylocarpus and Burragea, which bear their cap- 
sules embedded in the wood of the flowering branches. 

The two short papers forming part 13 are studies by Mr. Ivar Tide- 
strom, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department 
of Agriculture, of plants in which he has become jnterested., These 
are considered with reference both to their nomenclatorial history and 
to their botanical characters. The first paper relates to a well-known 
fern type, the forms of which are regarded by the author as composing 
two species. The second treats of two tropical and subtropical weeds 
which have found their way into the southern United States. 

In the final paper Mr. Edward A, Goldman puts on record the 
the botanical results of a biological exploration in Lower California, 
which was carried out in 1905 and 1906 by Mr. E. W. Nelson and 
himself, as members of the staff of the Bureau of Biological Survey, 
United States Department of Agriculture. The paper consists pri- 
marily of a list of the plants collected, with notes on distribution , to 
which are added descriptive ecological and economic data and tech- 
nical descriptions of three new species of oak. A limited use has been 
made of the collections and records of others. ‘This paper adds mate- 
rially to our knowledge of an extensive flora, very interesting in its 
adaptations to diversified conditions of latitude, altitude, and rainfall. 

Frepericx V. Covi, 
Curator of the United States National Herbarium. 


CONTENTS. 


Tur RELATIONSHIP OF ASPLENIUM ANDREWS. By William R. Maxon...... 
Report on A COLLECTION OF PLANTS FROM THE PinacaTE REGION oF Sonora. 
By J. N. Rose and Paul ©, Standley .......----.--- 2-2-2 e eee eee eee rece 
Introduction............--- cece cece ee ce ee ee cee e tence eee e eee eeeeunaes 
List of plants, with descriptions of new species. .........+----------++-- 
TUMAMOCA, A NEW GENUS oF CucuRBITACEAE. By J. N. Rose........-.-.-- 
New or Interestinc Mosses rrom PanaMa. By R. 8. Williams. ......--- 
Srupies or TropicAL AMERICAN Ferns—No. 38. By William R. Maxon.... 
Introduction ...........2 22-2 e eee eee ee eee cere eee eee e een n eee ceeeeeeee 
The North American species of Hemitelia, subgenus Cnemidaria. .......- 
Further notes on the West Indian species of Polystichum.........-.------ 
The American species of Pteropsis........-2..---------ee eee e ee eee eee eee 
Two unusual forms of Dicranopteris......--..---- cence cece cece cece eees 
The American species of Cibotium............-.---------- 2 ee eee ee ee eee 
Two new species of Notholaena..........-..2-----+ 2222-2 eee eee ee eee eee 
Miscellaneous notes and changes of name. .....-.-------- eee e eee eee eee 
Tae Norra AMERICAN Species or NympHara. By Gerrit 8. Miller and Paul 
©. Standley. . .. 2.22... c cece e ee eee ee eee ee eee ete e cece cence ceeeee 
Introduction...........2-. eee eee eee eee eee een eee eeeeeeees 
Note by J. N. Rose. ....-2----- eee ee eee eee eee eee cece e eee eees 
Authors’ introduction. .......---2.--- 2-2-2 e eee ee eee eee cee eee eee 
Material studied. .....---------- 222 eee eee ee ee eee ee eee eee eee 

History of names. ........--------------- ween eee eee eee 

Names applied to genera. . ....--------------+--- eee e eee eee 

Names applied to species. ............-+---++--+---+---2- eee 

Systematic treatment. ...............2- 2-22-22 eee eee ee eee eee eee 
Bibliography. .........---------+--- OY nnn nn nn ccc c cee nn nen teen naaee 
Descrietion oF New PLants PRELIMINARY TO A REPORT UPON THE FLORA OF 
or New Mexico. By E. O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley............-.-. 
Introduction............. 22-2 eee eee eee cece een eee e eee eeeeeeee 
Descriptions and new names. . . . -.-------+-ee secre eee eee eee ee eee eens 
SuppLEMENTARY Notes on AMERICAN Species or Festuca. By Charles V. 
Piper. . 2.2... 2-22 e eee cece cece eee e eee eee e cece nen eneeeceseeesesercsesces 
DELPHINIUM SIMPLEX AND ITs IMMEDIATE Attres. By Charles V. Piper.... 
THe IpENTITY oF HrUCHERA CYLINDRICA. By Charles V. Piper............. 
New or Norewortuy Species or Paciric Coast Puants. By Charles V. 
Piper... .---.2 2-2 e cece eee cee cee ce eee rece rece rece tence ee eee ence 
Tar AMERICAN Species or MerpomiA OF THE SecTION NEPHROMERIA. By 
J. N. Rose and Paul ©. Standley... . 22-22-22 eee eee eee eee eee ee cece 


RAmMONDIA, A NEW GENUS OF ANNONACEAE FROM CoLomBIA. By W. E. 
Safford... 2... eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee c eee eee e eee e eens 
Four New Species or GOLDENROD FROM THE EasrerRN Unirep States. By 
E. S. Steele... cee ee eee een eee ee eeeeee 
Toren New GENERA or Stitt Patms (IRIARTEACEAE) FROM COLOMBIA, WITH 
A SynopticaL REVIEW orf THE Famity. By O. F. Cook and C. B. Doyle.. 
Family characters. ...--..-....202 222 eee eee eee ee cee eee eee ee eeee 
Survey of the genera..........--...---.---++-----+++- +5 ee 
Tribal division.................. 22-22 eee eee eee eee ence e ee eeee 
Descriptions of the Colombian genera and species. .....-..-..-.--.------ 
Catoblasteae. .. . .-- 2-2. eee eee ee eee eee eee eee 


Srupies in CactacEAE—l. By N. L. Britton and J. N. Rose..............-- 
New species.........-- 2-0-0222 eee eee eee ee eee ee eee eee eee eens 
New binomials..........---.--------- eee eee eee eee eee cece eee e eens 


x CONTENTS. 


Page. 
RELATIONSHIPS OF THE FatsE Date Patm or THE FLoripa Keys, WITH A 


SyNopTicaAL KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF AMERICAN Patms. By O. F. Cook... 243 
The genus Pseudophoenix and the family Pseudophoenicaceae.......... 243 


Pseudophoenix an isolated type... ..........0.020202-2-0- 2-0 e eee 243 
Analogies with fan palms and true date palms. ...................-.- 243 
Alleged relationships with other pinnate-leaved palms. ............. 244 
Fruit characters...........00- 22220. e cece cece cece ce eee eee eee ee 245 
Pseudophoenix the type of a new family...................2.222---- 246 
Floral peculiarities of Pseudophoenix.............2..2..2--000e ee eee 247 

The Pseudophoenicaceae and allied families distinguished by fruit 
characters.........0. 2000222 e eee cece ee ee ce ee eee eee eeeeeeeeee 248 
Comparison of Pseudophoenix with the wax palms of Colombia...... 249 
Comparison of characters with those of cocoid palms................- 250 
Germination characters. .......-..-2-. 2222002220 e cece eee e eee 250 
Endocarp characters. ...-. 2.2.22. -. 20.2022 cece cece eee eeeeeee 250 
The families of American palms...............2.2.20--222eeeceeeeeeeees 251 
Characters and synoptical key...............2.0.2022-0-0-eceeeeeeee 251 
Alliances with Old World palms. ...............2..2.0.0-00-0-----0-- 253 
THe Genus EprenyLium AND ITs ALLIEs. By N. LL. Britton and J. N. Rose.. 255 
Introduction.............02.20 0222 e eee eee ce eee eee e ee 255 
Systematic treatment. ......-.-. 2.2.2.2. ee eee eee eee 255 
ANNONA SERICEA AND ITs Atiuies. By William FE. Safford. ................. 263 
Introduction......... 2.22.0... e eee ec eee cece eee ence eeceeees 263 
Systematic treatment. ......... 2.20.20. 0.22 e eee cece eeeee 263 
NOMENCLATURE OF THE SAPoTE AND THE Sapopitia. By O. F. Cook...-..-- 277 
Introduction............-2.. 2.0202 e eee e eee ec ee cee eee eee eeeees 277 
Confusion of vernacular names. ......-...-2--- 2.20202 02 cece eee eee eee 278 
Essential differences.............-.-.22-2 22222222 e cece eee eee eee ee 278 
Plumier’s account of the sapodilla.. ©... 2.2.2... e cece eee 279 
Achras substituted for Sapota........--....2..0. 20.2222 cece eee eee eee 280 
Confusion of species by Linneus......-...-..... 2.222022 2 222 eee eee ee eee 280 
Adjustment of Linnwan names...............-..-2 2-22. 2ec eee ee ence eee 281 
Two varieties of sapodilla named by Jacquin. ..-................2.-22--- 281 
The name Sapota not to be revived. ..........22.22.-.0-002002220 2c eee eee 282 
Lucuma and Vitellaria not applicable to the sapote...........2..2...-.. 283 
Calospermum and Calocarpum as homonyms.................2.2.222---- 283 
A new generic name for the sapote................222 2-222. eee eee eee eee 284 
Summary of principal synonyms...................22222 cece eee cece eee 285 

A MonoGRaPH OF THE HAUYEAE AND GONGYLOCARPEAE, TRIBES OF THE ONA- 
GRACEAE. By John Donnell Smith and J. N. Rose.............2.......20. 287 
Introduction............. 2.22.22 2222 ence eee ee ee eeeeee 287 
Systematic treatment. .........-2 2-22. 2 eee eee ce eee eee 287 
BoTRYCHIUM VIRGINIANUM AND ITs rors, By Ivar Tidestrom............. 299 
Botrychium virginianum.............2..2.22 22-0220 cece eee eee ee eeee 299 
Botrychium dichronum......... we eee eee eee eee eee e eee 301 
Botrychium brachystachys.........----. 2.22222. 0eee cece cece cee cececeee 302 
Conclusion... .. a TTT nt ee eee ee ee eee eee eee eee eens 303 

SPHENOCLEA ZEYLANICA AND CAPERONIA PALUSTRIS IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED 
Stares, By Ivar Tidestrom............-..2. 2.0.0.2 c cece eee e ce eee ee eee 305 
Sphenoclea zeylanica. ........2 2.22222. 2 222 cece eee cece eee eens 305 
Caperonia palustris. ..........2...2 2.22222 e eee ee eee e eee e eee 307 

Piant Recorps or an Expepirion ro Lower Cauirornia. By Edward A, 
Goldman..............2. 2202222 e cece ee eeeeee 309 
Introduction... ..... 2.2.0. 20 2.22 e eee cee cece cee cece eeeene 309 


PLATE 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PLATES. 

Facing page. 
1. Asplenium andrewsii A, Nelson. ...--------+++++2+eee2er eee Frontispiece 
2. Asplenium andrewsit A, Nelson. .-..------+-+++-++2e-see streets 2 
3. Olneya tesota A. Gray. .--.- 2-22-2222 eee eee eee e cere e sees 11 
4. Abutilon macdougalit Rose & Standley. .....---------+++++++++++: 13 
5. Sphaeralcea macdougalit Rose & Standley. ...-.-------+-++-+++++++ 13 
6. Elaphrium microphyllum (A. Gray) Rose. ....---+++-+++-+2225+00+ 14 
7. Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose. ..-.--------------+-- 15 
8. Echinocereus engelmanni (Parry) Riimpl.......----------++++++-++- 15 
9, Echinocereus engelmanni (Parry) Riimpl.-.......---------++++++++- 15 
10. Opuntia bigelovii Engelm....-.------------ +--+ 22eerce rere 16 
11. Euploca aurea Rose & Standley.....--.-------+-+++++++2+222eereee 16 
12, Dicoria calliptera Rose & Standley. ...-------------+++++++22e500+ 18 
13. Isocoma fruticosa Rose & Standley. ..-.-----------+++++e2re rrr ere 18 
14. Isocoma limitanea Rose & Standley... --.----------------+-+e0+++ 19 
15. Sideranthus viridis Rose & Standley. .....-----------------+-++e-0+ 19 
16. Viguiera sonorae Rose & Standley........---------++2++eee errr eee 20 
17. Tumamoca macdougalit Rose.....---..---+-++----22 22 ere ttt rerecee 21 
18. Hemitelia contigua (Underw.) Maxon........----------++++++++- 32 
19, Hemitelia pittieri Maxon and H, subglabra (Underw.) Maxon.....--- 32 
90. Hemitelia chiricana Maxon.........2+-------2- eee e eee e eerie 33 
21. Hemitelia arachnoidea (Underw.) Maxon and H, mutica Christ--....- 34 
92. Hemitelia apiculata Hook....-.-.-------------+ 22 eer errr e cree 35 
93. Hemitelia grandis Maxon......-------+--------- 222 e crete terres 37 
24. Four species of Hemitelia.....-.-.-------------+-+-+2+-+eerrrrcee 39 
25. Hemitelia grandifolia Willd.......---+--------- +2222 re rere rere 41 
26. Hemitelia kohautiana (Presl) Kunze.....-...-----------+-+--++++++- 45 
27. Polystichum ambiguum Maxon. ...-.---------++-+2+2+22022e0erctee 50 
98. Pteropsis underwoodiana Maxon.....-.--------+-+-++++-+55+0erttte 51 
29, Dicranopteris bifida (Willd.) Maxon. ....----------+-++++2++++777+ 52 
80. Cibotium sehiedei Schlecht. & Cham.........----------++++++++-+-- 55 
31. Cibotium regale Versch. & Lem. ..-.--------------+++2+222+ereree 56 
39. Cibotium wendlandi Mett. and C, guatemalense Reichenb...-..----- 57 
33. Goniophlebium eatoni (Baker) Maxon....----------+------+-++++0+- 60 
34. Goniophlebium rachipterygium (Liebm.) Moore.....-.------ sueueues 61 

35 A. Fruit of Nymphaea microphylla Pers. B. Fruit of Nymphaea 
fraterna Miller & Standley. C. Fruit of Nymphaea advena Ait. -. 72 
36. Seeds of several species of Nymphaea..-...-...----------+2eee-+: 73 

37. Nymphaea americana (Provancher) Miller & Standley, in Flathead 
Lake, Montana. ...----.--2--- cece eee eee eee eee cece tesesessees 78 

38. Fruit of Nymphaea americana (Provancher) Miller & Standley, from 
Springfield, Massachusetts.......---------+--+eeece ere rc eseeeee 79 
39. Nymphaea advena Ait., in Monteers Pond, Knox County, Indiana. . 84 

40. A. Earlier vernal stage of Nymphaea advena Ait., Four Mile Run, Vir- 

ginia. B. Later vernal stage of Nymphaea advena Ait., Four Mile 
Run, Virginia. .....-...-- 2... ee eee eee eee cece een e eee e eee 85 


xi ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Facing page. 

Puate 41. A. Fruit of Nymphaea microcarpa Miller & Standley. B. Fruit and 
unopened flower of Nymphaea ludoviciana Miller & Standley.... 92 
42. Seeds of several species of Nymphaea.............0.2.2.00eeeeeee 96 

43. A. Fruit and unopened flower of Nymphaea ulvacea Miller & Stand- 
ley. B. Fruits of Nymphaea ovata Miller & Standley........... 97 

44, A. Flower and fruit of Nymphaea sagittifolia Walt. B. Fruit of 
Nymphaea puberula Miller & Standley..............0.0ceceeeee 99 

45. A. Flower and fruit of Nymphaea orbiculata Small. B. Flower and 
fruit of Nymphaea bombycina Miller & Standley................ 101 
46. Nymphaea polysepala(Engelm.) Greene at Crater Butte, Colorado.. 108 
47. Fruit of Nymphaea polysepala (Engelm.) Greene..............---- 104 
48. Agave neomexicana Wooton & Standley in the Organ Mountains... 116 
49. Eriogonum gypsophilum Wooton & Standley..............-.------ 118 
50. Herrickia horrida Wooton & Standley..................ceceeeeees 187 
51. Fruits of eight species of Meibomia.................-.0.-0eeeeeeee 216 
52. Raimondia monoica Safford............2222. cece cece e cece aeons 218 
53. Raimondia monoica Safford ...... 2.20.2. eee e cece eee cee | ceeee 219 

54, A. Acrostigma equale Cook & Doyle. B. Wettinella quinaria Cook 
& Doyle... 22.2... eee eee cece cece cee cee eeeeeeeees= 230 
55. Acrostigma equale Cook & Doyle. ..-...........eeceeeeeeeceeeces 230 

56. A. Acrostigma equale Cook & Doyle. B. Catostigma radiatum Cook 
& Doyle. OC. Wettinella quinaria Cook & Doyle..............-- 230 
57. Acrostigma equale Cook & Doyle. .........2.2.-.ceeeeceeeeees ~« 230 
58. Acrostigma equale Cook & Doyle. .........-.2..0-eceeeeececceres 230 

59. A. Fruits of Catostigma radiatum Cook & Doyle. B. Fruits of Wet- 
tinella quinaria Cook & Doyle...........2.0..02ceee eee cece --+. 231 
60. Catostigma radiatum Cook & Doyle..........22222222ceeee eee eee 231 

61. Catoblastus pubescens (Karst.) Wendl. and C. praemorsus (Willd.) 
Wendl... 2.2.22 ccc eee cece cece cece ececeerens 232 
62. Flowersand fruit of Catoblastus pubescens (Karst.) Wendl......... 233 

63. A. Wettinia augusta Poepp. & Endl. B. Wettinella quinaria Cook 
& Doyle. ....... 20. lee ec ee ee eee ee ee eeee 235 
64. Wettinella quinaria Cook & Doyle...........22.2222020202 22 eee eee 236 
65. Wettinella quinaria Cook & Doyle. ............2....2.02022222--- 237 
66. Echinocactus alamosanus Britt. & Rose............20.02.0ceee ee ee 239 
67. Echinocereus luteus Britt. & Rose...........202022- 2.2 e eee eee cess 239 
68. Epiphyllum gaillardae Britt. & Rose...........-.--.------2---2----- 240 
69. Hylocereus minutiflorus Britt. & Rose..............--2------+----- 240 
70. Nyctocereus guatemalensis Britt. & Rose............22--22--2-20-- 240 
71. Nyctocereus guatemalensis Britt. & Rose...............-..-------- 240 
72. Opuntia chaffeyi Britt. & Rose........ 0.22 eee eee ee ee ee eee 241 
73. Wittia panamensis Britt. & Rose........ 2222. c eee eee ccc cc eeee 241 
74. Pseudophoenix sargentii Wend]. ..........220.0-0- eee ee eeeeeeeee 246 
75. Pseudophoeniz sargentii Wend1.........2....22- 2-2 e eee cece eee eee 246 
76. Pseudophoenizx sargentit Wend1.........2..22 222 e cece eee ceececes 247 
77. Pseudophoenix sargentii Wendl. ...........2.20- 00 20c cece ececeee 247 
78. Epiphyllum guatemalense Britt. & Rose............---.-0eeeeeeeee 257 
79. Disocactus eichlamii (Weing.) Britt. & Rose..........2---.-e.eeeee 259 
80. Zygocactus truncatus (Haw.) Schum. .........2....22-2-22-2--e0ee 260 
81. Schlumbergera russelliana (Hook.) Britt. & Rose.........-.--.+---- 261 
82. Wittia costaricensis Britt. & Rose...........2-.2.2.eceeeeeeceeees 261 
83. Eccremocactus bradei Britt. & Rose............2 20002 e cece ee ee eee 262 
84. Strophocactus wittit (Schum.) Britt. & Rose........-..----------- 262 


PLATE 


ILLUSTRATIONS. XII 


Facing page. 
. Annona sericea Dunal. .....-.--------- 222s e eee ee eee eee 266 
. Annona sericea Dunal. ...--.-.------ +--+ 0-22 eee ee eee eres 267 
. Annona jenmanti Safford .....--.--- +--+ --+-- 2-2 e rete eee tees 268 
. Annona trinitensis Safford..........------------2ee2 eee eee eee 268 
. Annona longipes Safford........---------+--2 e222 eee eter eee 269 
. Annona holosericea Safford......---------++++ 2222-2 eee e reese 270 
_ A. Annona sericea Dunal. B. Annona holosericea Safford.......- 270 
. Annona spraguet Safford.....-.--------- +--+ eee e eee cece cere 271 
. Annona spraguet Safford.....-.-------+--+++-+++++ we ee eee ceeeee 271 
. Annona cercocarpa Safford....---------+-++++22 22ers etter reese 272 
. Annona echinata Safford.......-.-.----- 202s eee eee ee eee cece eeee 273 
. Annona echinata Safford....-....----------- ee eee eee eee eee eeee 273 
. Annona acuminata Safford......--..------+----2- +e eee reece eee 274 
. Annona jamaicensis Sprague...--.-------------22ce terres cree 275 
. Annona jamaicensis Sprague.....------------+2+2+ereeeere rete 275 
. Plumier’s description and figures of Sapota. ....--------------- 279 
. Three forms of sapodilla fruits.......------------+----++++eeeee- 280 
_ Abnormal state of Botrychium cicutarium (Savigny) Swartz...... 302 
. Caperonia palustris St. Hil...-.-.--2+-++-++eeece sere r eee tee 307 
A. Libocedrus decurrens Torr., San Pedro Martir Mountains. B. 
Pinus contorta Dougl., San Pedro Mértir Mountains.....--....- 313 
_ A. Pinus jeffreyi Oreg. Com., San Pedro Martir Mountains. B. 
Pinus lambertiana Dougl. and P. jeffreyi, San Pedro Martir 
Mountains.....----..--..--- ee eee eee eee eet 313 
. Glaucothea armata (S. Wats.) Cook (?), Jaraguay-.......-.-------- 316 
_ A. Glaucothea armata (S. Wats.) Cook, Catavifia Canyon. B. 
Phoenix dactylifera L., San Angel.......-----.-----++++2+20-- 316 
. Nolina beldingi T. S. Brandeg., Sierra de la Laguna...--..------ 317 
. Nolina bigelovii 8. Wats., Yubay........-------++-+-++222eeeeee- 317 
_ Yucca valida T. 8. Brandeg., Santa Rosalia Bay...------------- 317 
. Four species of Agave: A. A. goldmaniana Trel.,. San Andrés; B. 
A. promontorii Trel., Sierra de la Victoria; ©. A. vexans Trel., 
El Potrero; D. A. nelsoni Trel., San Fernando. .-..---------- 318 
. Dudleya anthonyt Rose, San Martin Island......-----------+-+--- 329 
. Lysiloma candida T. 8. Brandeg., 40 miles west of Santa Rosalia... 333 
. Cercidium peninsulare Rose, Santa Anita......--------+++------- 336 
. Elaphrium odoratum (T. 8. Brandeg.) Rose, El Potrero.......--. 340 
. A. Jatropha canescens Muell. Arg., Cape San Lucas. B. Jatrop 
spathulata Muell. Arg., in dry season, Santa Rosalfa......---.- 342 
_ A. Pedilanthus macrocarpus Benth., Matancita. B, Sebastiania 


bilocularis S. Wats., El Pescadero......-.----------+-++++---- 343 


_ A. Pachycormus discolor (Benth.) Coville, in dry season, San An- 
drés, B. Same species, showing larger growth, Santa Clara 
Mountains.........-.---------- eee eee eee 344 
. Tapirira edulis T, 8. Brandeg., Cape San Lucas.....------------- 345 
. Fouquieria peninsularis Nash, San Andrés......------+-----+-+++ 349 
. Idria columnaris Kellogg, San Fernando.....--..-------------++- 350 


_ A. Idria columnaris Kellogg (young plant, in flower), Agua Dulce 


B. The same species (full grown), Calmalli.....-.----------- 350 


_ A. Echinocactus falconeri Orcutt, San José del Cabo. B. Echino- 


cactus digueti Web., Cerralvo Island....-.-..-------++++-++--- 351 


. Echinocereus brandegei (Coult.) Schum., Matancita....-.-------- 302 


XIV 


PLATE 


FIGURE 


125. 


126 


127, 
128, 
129. 
130. 


131. 


132. 


133. 


1. 


a 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Facing page. 


A, Lemaireocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Tinaja de San- 
tana. B. Lophocereus schottii (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, San 
Francisquito. .....2...22. 2.202.202 c cee cee cece eee eeeeeeeeee 

A. Lemaireocereus gummosus (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Espfritu 
Santo Island. B. Lophocereus australis (K. Brandeg.) Britt. & 
Rose, Cape San Lucas....--.....2.2.0200002c cece eee ce cee ecee 

Lemaireocereus eruca (T. 8. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Santo Do- 


A. Opuntia cholla Engelm., Espiritu Santo Island, B. Opuntia 
bigelovit Engelm., San Felipe Bay.............2-.2--2-0--0-0- 
A, Opuntia clavellina Engelm., San Andrés, B. Opuntia sp., 
Agua Dulce... 22... ccc eee cece cece ee eecee 


A. Pachycereus calvus (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose (young plant), San 
José del Cabo. B. Pachycereus titan (Engelin.) Britt. & Rose 
(young plant), San José del Cabo (Plants of P. calvus in back- 
ground). 2.2... eee ec c cece cece cececeee 

A. Pachycereus calvus (Engelm.) Britt, & Rose, San José del Cabo, 
B. Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cape 
San Lucas. ... 22.0.0... 2... cece cece ee ceee 


TEXT FIGURES. 


Map of the Sonoran Desert Region between Tucson, Arizona, and 
the Gulf of California............2....2....2.---.-..- see eeeeee 


. Leaf outline of Nymphaea microphylla...............0.0-0-000-- 
. Stigmatic pattern of Nymphaca microphylla...............-...-- 
. Map showing distribution of (a) Nymphaea microcarpa; (b) Nym- 


phaea orbiculata; (c) Nymphaea microphylla.............2-000-- 


. Leaf outline of Nymphaea rubrodisca.............2.2..-.---20-- 
. Stigmatic pattern of Nymphaea rubrodisca............2-..22224- 
- Map showing distribution of (4) Nymphaea ovata; (b) Nymphaea 


rubrodisca; (c) Nymphaea ludoviciana; (d) Nymphaea ulvacea; (e) 
Nymphaea bombycina; (f) Nymphaea sagittifolia.......-.22... 


. Leaf outline of Nymphaca americana....................2.20---- 
. Stigmatic pattern of Nymphaea americana...................-.--- 
. Map showing distribution of (2) Nymphaea puberula; (b) Nymphaea 


Sluviatilis; (c) Nymphaea americana... 2.2.2.2... eee eee ee 


. Leaf outline of Nymphaea fraterna.......... 2.20022. 2 eee eee 
. Stigmatic pattern of Nymphaca fraterna...............-.20.0005- 
- Map showing distribution of (a) Nymphaea ozarkana; (b) Nymphaea 


Jraterna; (c) Nymphaea chartacea.............--..- weet eee eee 


. Leaf outline of Nymphaea -advena.............2.2-22222 eee eee 
. Stigmatic pattern of Nymphaea advena..........-.--2-. 2.0 eee 
. Map showing distribution of (a) Nymphaca advena macro phylla; (b) 


Nymphaea advena; (c) Nymphaea polysepala; (d) Nymphaea advena 
CTYthTQed... 2.0.22 e ee eee ee eee wee eee eee eee ee eee eee eee 


. Leaf outline of Nymphaea advena macrophylla.............2..+-. 
. Leaf outline of Nymphaea ozarkana ......... 2-2-0202 eee eee eee ee 
. Leaf outline of Nymphaea ludoviciana................22-22222-- 
. Stigmatic pattern of Nymphaea ludoviciana................-..--- 
. Leaf outline of Nymphaea fluviatilis... .. 222.22... ee 


300 


ILLUSTRATIONS. xV 


Facing page. 


Figure 22. Stigmatic pattern of Nymphaea fluviatilis.....--.------+-++++-++--- 94 
23. Leaf outline of Nymphaea chartacea......-------------++-++++++-- 95 
24. Leaf outline of Nymphaea sagittifolia......-.----------------++++++- 96 
25. Stigmatic pattern of Nymphaea sagittifolia...-..--------+-+-++++-- 96 
26. Leaf outline of Nymphaca ulvacea.......-.--------- +++ +202 eeee ee 97 
27. Stigmatic pattern of Nymphaea ulvacea......--------++-++2+++0+- 97 
28. Leaf outline of Nymphaea ovata........---- +--+ 2-22-22 reece 98 
29. Stigmatic pattern of Nymphaea ovata.....---.----+-+-++++22+005+>- 98 
30. Leaf outline of Nymphaea puberula......-------- +--+ +++ 2-20 +2000 99 
31. Stigmatic pattern of Nymphaea puberula........--+-----++++-++++- 99 
32. Leaf outline of Nymphaea microcarpa...--------+------- Lecce ee eeee 100 
33. Stigmatic pattern of Nymphaea microcarpa......--------+--+---+-- 100 
34. Leaf outline of Nymphaea orbiculata.....-----------+++++++++++-+- 101 
35. Stigmatic pattern of Nymphaea orbiculata......------------------ 101 
36. Leaf outline of Nymphaea bombycina......--------++----+--------- 102 
37. Stigmatic pattern of Nymphaca bombycina...--------++-+++-+------ 102 
38. Leaf outling of Nymphaea polysepala, typical form...........------ 103 
39. Stigmatic pattern of Nymphaea polysepala......----------++-+-++-- 103 
40. Leaf outline of Nymphaea polysepala, southern form.....--------- 105 
41. Ovary of Catoblastus drudet..-.....-------++20ee cer crt eter tttte 233 
42. Fruit of Annona sericed.....---------+--e2 eee errr 266 
43. Leaf and fruit of Annona spraguct.....------+-++++-2-- errr 271 
44, Leafy twig and fruit of Annona cercocarpa.....--------++++++++777- 272 
45. Leaf of Hauya heydeana........----+----- +2002 e crete eset rtttee 290 
46. Leaf of Hauya barcenac.......---- +--+ +--+ 22 ee rere re cette 290 
47. Leaf of Hauya lucida.......-..+---------022e eter ccc r crs 290 
48. Leaf of Hauya rusbyi..-.-.----------- +202 rece e ccc ctrtrtrtete 291 
49. Leaf of Hauya cornuta........----------+-2 erect errr crt 292 
50. Leaf of Hawya microcerata.....-------+--+-+-+ eee er ececcttte 292 
51. Leaf of Hauya rodriguezti.....-.-------+---+2r reese cre reteeteee 293 
52. Leaf of Hauya quercetorwm....-----------+-02 eer errr crt rctettee 293 
53. Leaf of Hauya ruacophila .....----------- 2222s eter e recess 294 
54. Leaf of Hauya lemnophila....--..-----------02e errr crete crete 295 

MAP. 
309 


Map of Lower California........---+-+--+++++22550ecccccrrrrtsrs rss rt rte 


THE RELATIONSHIP OF ASPLENIUM ANDREWSIL. 


By Wittram R. Maxon. 


In the final brochure ! of the Proceedings of the Biological Society 
of Washington for 1904, volume 17, Prof. Aven Nelson published, as 
one of several undescribed species collected in Colorado by Mr. D. M. 
Andrews, a supposed new Asplenium, which he dedicated to its 
discoverer as Aspleniuwm andrewsii.?, The description and notes are 
as follows: 


“Rootstock short, wholly enveloped in matted roots; stipes naked, ebeneous below, 
becoming green above, from 2-10 cm. long, somewhat angled or striate; lamina thinly 
herbaceous, deltoid-ovate or narrower, 3-10 cm, Jong, somewhat narrower at its widest 
part, bipinnatifid, diminishing nearly uniformly from base to tip; pinnz lanceolate, 
the lower nearly at right angles to the rachis, the upper ascending, gradually diminish- 
ing and passing into the pinnatifid tip, all rather closely approximate and subopposite 
or the lower more distant (1 cm. or more) and alternate; pinnules 3-12 mm. long, 
ovate, more or less cuneate at base, sharply incised but cut not quite to the costa, 
sharply and somewhat incisely serrate; the veins rather inconspicuous and but slig::tly 
divergent; sori short but nearly connecting to those in the successive lobes, so forming 
almost a continuous sorus from base to apex of pinnule; indusium straight, forced 
back and finally concealed by the sporangia. 

‘Perhaps most nearly allied to A. bradleyi D.C. Eaton, but probably not very closely 
even to this. Mr. Andrews writes of it as follows: ‘The most interesting item on the 
list to me. I am sending a better specimen. It is certainly indigenous and grows 
on the south face of a white sandstone (alkaline) cliff extending along Boulder Creek 
for a mile or more, the ferns growing in crevices abundantly for nearly the whole dis- 
tance. Itis growing with Cheilanthes feci, a specimen of which I send you. The sand- 
stone is porous and is not entirely dry.’” 


Not long after this Professor Underwood called my attention to the 
obviously close relationship of this form to the Old World Asplenvum 
adiantum-nigrum, and, if I am not mistaken, to the great difficulty 
or impossibility of distinguishing it specifically from that species, as 
usually accepted by European botanists. In 1906, however, the 
species was recognized by him as valid in Rydberg’s Flora of Colo- 
rado, and again in his article ‘‘American Ferns, VI—Species added 
to the flora of the United States from 1900 to 1905,”’* here with the 
comment, ‘This new discovery from Colorado is a member of the 
adiantum-nigrum group of Asplenium, and is closely related to Asple- 


1Tssued December 27, 1904. 
2 Page 174. 1 


2 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


species it will stand nearest to A. montanum.” From which it may 
be noted that Doctor Underwood was not only unwilling, apparently, 
to ascribe to A. adiantum-nigrum itself an extra-Kuropean range 
(though the species is usually accredited also to various parts of 
Africa, and to the Himalayas, Asia Minor, and other parts of Asia), 
but that also, in accordance with his often-expressed views as to the 
relatively restricted range of fern species, he was inclined upon @ 
priori grounds to look upon the American plant as specifically distinct 
from that of the Old World. That A. adiantum-nigrum as ordina- 
rily accepted does occur in Africa and Asia is apparent from speci- 
mens at hand; and if we admit the various forms distinguished by 
Milde,' Luerrsen,? Christ,? and others as constituting but a single 
highly variable species, there seems to be no logical ground for re- 
garding A.andrewsii as other than a geographical phase of A. adian- 
tum-mgrum. Excepting only Athyrium filizx-foemina, there is, prob- 
ably, no fern occurring in the United States which closely approaches 
it in extent of variation. 

The two illustrations (Pls. 1 and 2) herewith represent at natural 
size the type specimens of Asplenium andrewsti, which have courteously 
been lent from the Rocky Mountain Herbarium, University of Wyo- 
ming, by ProfessorAven Nelson. Ingeneral shape the laminais appar- 
ently unusual for A. adiantum-nigrum in its relatively great width. 
Most of the foreign material at hand most closely resembling this 
shows blades elongate-deltoid in form, the upper portion often atten- 
uate,—a leaf shape more nearly approached by some of the smaller 
fronds here shown. In fact not one frond of the foreign material 
available for comparison has precisely the same leaf shape as that 
of A. andrewsii, the nearest approach being in specimens from Doul- 
lens, France, Copineau, July 12, 1887, and from Devonshire, England, 
Ware, July 15, 1904, These appear to represent the variety argutum, 
as described by Luerrsen. Lacking a first-hand knowledge of A. 
adiantum-mgrum as it occurs in Europe, I hesitate to refer to it 
without reservation this American form, which is known only from 
such meager material; but I believe that the highly complex ‘“‘spe- 
cies’? A. adiantum-nigrum, as generally understood at present, 
embraces among its various and varying forms several elements 
which, in their extreme states, differ more widely from each other 
than from A. andrewsii. In degree of dissection, leaf texture, color 
of leaf tissue and of vascular parts, shape of pinne, extent and char- 
acter of soriation, and in more minute characters, such as the pecul- 
iar form and structure of the long, slender, hair-pointed scales of the 
rhizome, the American plant certainly agrees very closely with some 


1 Milde, Fil. Eur. Atlant. 85. 1867. 
? Luerrsen, Die Farnpflanzen 260. 1889. 
3 Christ, Die Farnkriiuter der Schweiz 68. 1900. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vor. 16. PLATE 2. 


ASPLENIUM ANDREWSII A. NELSON. 


MAXON—RELATIONSHIP OF ASPLENIUM ANDREWSII. 3 


of the European material, especially with the Devonshire specimen 
cited. The differences consist principally in its more broadly deltoid 
fronds and perhaps in its shorter stipe; the stipes of the two large 
fronds of the type, however, are incomplete, and one of the fronds 
-isseen to be malformed. Through the generosity of Professor Nelson 
one of the smaller fronds of the type has been presented to the 
National Herbarium. 

The collecting of more adequate material of A. andrewsi at the 
type locality, which is, I believe, not very readily accessible, would 
be of the greatest interest as throwing light upon the extent of 
variation in the American plant and its relationship to the Old 
World forms; and it is hoped that the publication of illustrations 
of the type specimens (Pls. 1 and 2) may assist in calling to the atten- 
tion of collectors in the Rocky Mountain region the main characters 
of a plant which has remained so little known since the time of its 
description. The original locality has, indeed, been revisited by Prof. 
E. Bethel, who collected further specimens. Of these a small plant 
has recently been figured in the Fern Bulletin, with notes by Mr. Clute.' 

A somewhat similar instance of distribution among the ferns 1s 
that of Asplenium septentrionale, a species which iscommon in Europe, 
occurs in the Caucasus, the Himalayas, and Tibet, and in North Amer- 
ica ranges from the Black Hills of South Dakota (Rydberg 1194) to 
New Mexico (several collectors), Arizona (MacDougal 68), Colorado 
(several collectors), and Wyoming (A. Nelson 8900), and is known even 
from the San Pedro Martir Range of Lower Califorina (Brandegee, 
May 18, 1893). Specimens from all these localities are in the Na- 
tional Herbarium. 


1Fern Bull. 19: 3. Frontis. 1911. 


REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF PLANTS FROM THE 
PINACATE REGION OF SONORA. 


By J. N. Rose anp Paut C. STANDLEY. 


INTRODUCTION. 


An expedition was organized at the Desert Laboratory of the 
Carnegie Institution by Dr. D. T. MacDougal in the autumn of 1907 
for the purpose of making a general bio-geographical reconnaissance 
of the region between Tucson and the Gulf of California. Attention 
was to be directed chiefly to a comparison of the physical features 
of the coastal desert with those of the elevated arid area in which 
the Desert Laboratory is located and to obtaining data regarding 
the general features of distribution and environment of the higher 
plants and animals. 

The expedition left Tucson, Arizona, November 2, 1907, going 
westward 125 miles to the northern end of the Ajo Mountains, thence 
southward across the Mexican boundary to the village of Sonoyta, 
and westward through Santo Domingo and Quitovaquito. The 
course of the Sonoyta River was now followed southward to Agua 
Dulce where its waters are lost in the sands and then the route was 
laid across the desert to Monument 180 on the boundary, from which 
a departure was made that took the party southward along the 
western side of the Pinacate Mountains, the principal stations being 
Papago Tanks, Tule Tanks, and Pinacate Peak. In addition to this 
Mr. G. Sykes made a forced march to the shore of Adair Bay on the 
Gulf of California. 

The Pinacate Mountains are the highest in northwestern Sonora. 
They run north and south just east of parallel 113° 30’ longitude, 
between 31° 40’ and 31° 50’ north latitude. The highest peak, 
Pinacate, is about 1,218 meters in height, its slopes extending with 
but slight interruption to the shore of the Gulf. The entire range 
is of recent volcanic origin, with many sunken or elevated craters, 
the formations including great areas of volcanic sand, ashes, tufa, 
and hard lava, and the range lies in a vast field of broken lava which 
extends northward into Arizona. A careful survey of the region 
traversed was made by Mr. G. Sykes and his most excellent map is 
reproduced in connection with this article. 

5 


6 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


A small but very interesting collection of herbarium specimens 
made by Doctor MacDougal forms the basis of this paper. No 
attempt was made to obtain a full representation of the flora of the 


a a> 
ua) Or 


15 miles 


13" 


an Francisco 
Pk 
5 


i ee 


.4—----S = 


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Fic. 1.—Map of the Sonoran Desert Region between Tucson, Arizona, and the Gulf of California. 


region but only those plants were taken which were especially inter- 
esting or were in suitable condition. In addition a large series of 
photographs showing the botanical and geographical features was 


ROSE AND STANDLEY—-PLANTS FROM THE PINACATE REGION. 7 


obtained. A general discussion of the principal facts as to the dis- 
tribution of the plants has been published by Doctor MacDougal in 
the Year Book of the Carnegie Institution of Washington for 1908 
and a fuller treatment in the Bulletin of the American Geographical 
Society for December, 1908, and in The Plant World for May and 
June, 1908. The data respecting the animal life of the region obtained 
by Dr. W. T. Hornaday and Mr, J. 8. Phillips have been published 
under the title of ‘‘Camp-Fires on Desert and Lava” by Doctor 
Hornaday, a most delightful book dealing with the experiences of 
the naturalists on the expedition, illustrated with many plates 
showing characteristic desert shrubs and trees. 

The botanical collections, although small, have proved to be most 
interesting, as was to be expected from an unexplored region, Several 
of the plants appear to be new and these are here described. Some 
of those already known are noteworthy, representing forms seldom 
collected. No botanical collector had ever visited the Pinacate 
region. At Sonoyta asmall collection was made by Dr. KE. A. Mearns 
in 1894. A list of his plants will be found in Bulletin 56 of the 
U.S. National Museum. 

The photographs here reproduced were taken by Dr. MacDougal, 
and these with the line drawings are the gift of the Carnegie Institu- 
tion of Washington. 


LIST OF PLANTS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 


Aristida bromoides H. LB. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp, 1: 122. 1815. 

Type locality, ‘In montibus regni Quitensis, juxta Tambo de Guamote et Llanos 
de Tiocaxas, alt. 1600 hexap.”’ 

Quitovaquito, November 11, 1907, MacDougal. 


Aristida californica major Vasey, Proc. Calif. Acad. IT, 2: 212. 1889. 
Type locality, Magdalena Island, Lower California. 
MacDougal Pass, Pinacate Mountains, November 14, 1907, MacDougal 32. 


Bouteloua polystachya Torr, U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif, 5: 366. 1853. 
Chondrosium polystachyum Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 56. 1844. 
Type locality, ‘Bay of Magdalena,” Lower Cali fornia. 
Papago Tanks, November 17, 1907, MacDougal. 
Cenchrus palmeri Vasey, Proc. Calif. Acad. IT. 2: 211, 1889. 
Type locality, ‘‘Guaymas, Mexico.”’ 
Sand hills near the Adair Box, November 20, 1907, Sykes 58. 
Heteropogon contortus (L.) Beauv.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 836. 1817. 
Andropogon contortus L. Sp. Pl. 1045, 1753, 
Type locality, ‘In India.”’ 
Papago Tanks, November 17, 1907, MacDougal 52. 
Leptochloa mucronata pulchella Scribn. Bull. Torrey Club 9: 147, 1882. 
Type locality, “Santa Cruz Valley, near Tucson.”’ 
Papago Tanks, Pinacate Mountains, November 17, 1907, MacDougal 40. 


8 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Triodia pulchella H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 155. pl. 47. 1815. 

Type locality, “In subfrigidis, siccis, apricis regni Mexicani inter Guanaxuato, 
Mina de Bel grado et Cubilete, alt. 1050 hexap.” 

Agua Dulce, November 11, 1907, MacDougal. 


Hesperocallis undulata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 390. 1868. 

Type locality, “Desert plains at Jessup Rapids, Arizona.” 

This was seen at Walls Well, in southern Arizona, but no specimens were collected. 
The plant is commonly known as “‘ajo,”’ and it is from this plant that the Ajo Range 
receives itsname. The word signifies ‘‘garlic”’ and the roots are said to have a strong 
alliaceous flavor. 


Momisia pallida (Torr.) Planch. in DC. Prodr, 17: 191. 1873. 

Celtis pallida Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 203. 1859. 

Type locality, ‘In western Texas and along the Rio Grande from Fort Duncan to 
the Gulf and west to Magdalena, in Sonora.”’ 

Walls Well, Ajo Mountains, Arizona, November 7, 1907, MacDougal 8. 


There are three other species of the genus Momisia in Mexico for 
which the proper names seem not to have been formed. They may, 
for convenience, be entered here. 


MomIsIA ANFRAcCTUOSA (Liebm.) Rose & Standley. 
Celtis anfractuosa Liebm. Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. V. 2: 338. 1851. 
Type locality, ‘“Xalcomulco, Vera Cruz.”’ 


MoMISIA PLATYCAULIS (Greenm.) Rose & Standley. 
Celtis platycaulis Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 78. 1903. 
Type locality, “State of Morelos; volcanic hills near Yautepec.”’ 


MomIsIA IGUANAEA (Jacq.) Rose & Standley. 

Rhamnus iguanaea Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 16. 1762. 

Celtis aculeata Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 53. 1783. 

Mertensia laevigata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 31. pl. 103. 1817. 
Momisia aculeata Klotzsch, Linnaea 20: 539. 1847. 

Celtis iguanaca Sarg. Silva N. Amer. 7: 64. 1895. 

Type locality, West Indies. 


Phoradendron californicum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. n. ser. 1: 185. 1847, 

Type locality, “‘In the mountains of upper California. Parasitic on the trunks 
and branches of a Strombocarpus.”’ 

Pinacate Region, November, 1907, MacDougal. 

In his account of the trip Doctor Hornaday writes as follows concerning this plant:! 

“Throughout our trip we found the large mesquite trees of the valleys and flood 
plains grievously afflicted with mistletoe. It usually appears as a great, dark-colored 
bunch 2 feet in diameter, and sometimes we found a dozen clumps in one tree. 
This parasite, like most others, is destructive when overdone. We saw many hapless 
trees that had literally been murdered by it and were only lifeless stubs. It was in 
the valley of the Sonoyta River, near Agua Dulce, that Doctor MacDougal photo- 
graphed a wide-spreading mesquite whose top was so overloaded with mistletoe that 
it looked as if a small load of clover hay had been pitched into it.”’ 2 


Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 411. 1837. 
Type locality, ‘‘Upper California.” 
Walls Well, Ajo Mountains, November 5, 1907, MacDougal 9. 


'Camp-Fires on Desert and Lava, page 48, 
? For illustration of this tree, see plate opposite page 48 of the ‘‘ Camp-Fires.”” 


ROSE AND STANDLEY—PLANTS FROM THE PINACATE REGION. 9 


Eriogonum pinetorum Greene, Muhlenbergia 6: 3. 1910. 

Type locality, ‘Black Range, Sierra County, New Mexico.” 

Paso Blanco, November 6, 1907, MacDougal 2. 

This species has long been confused with Eriogonum abertianum, but is readily 
distinguished from it. Its habit is strikingly different and the calyx is a light pink 
instead of dark red. 


Eriogonum vimineum Dougl.; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 416. 1837. 

Type locality, ‘‘Columbia river. ” 

Pinacate Mountains, at 1,200 meters, November 21, 1907, MacDougal 71. The spec- 
imens appear to belong to this species, although they are not in the best condition 
for determination. 


Rumex hymenosepalus Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 177. 1859. 

Type locality, ‘‘Sandy soils from El Paso to the cafions of the Rio Grande.” 

No specimens were collected but it was seen at Walls Well in the Ajo Mountains. 
It is a common southwestern plant whose roots are much used for tanning. 


Atriplex canescens (Pursh) James, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 2: 178. 1825. 
Calligonum canescens Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 370. 1814. 
Type locality, ‘‘In the plains of the Missouri, near the Big-bend.” 
Walls Well, Ajo Mountains, November 8, 1907, MacDougal 4. 


Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 274. 1877. 

Type locality, ‘‘At Larkin’s Station, San Diego County, California.” 

MacDougal Crater, Pinacate Mountains, November 14, 1907, Sykes. This is per- 
haps the commonest species of Amaranthus in the Southwest. Very frequently the 
plants occur in such abundance that they are cut and cured for hay. 


Cladothrix lanuginosa Nutt.; Moq. in DC. Prodr. 18%: 360. 1849. 
Alternanthera lanuginosa Moq. op. cit. 359, 1849. 

"Type locality, ‘“Secus Salt-river et Red-river.” 
MacDougal Crater, Pinacate Mountains, November 14, 1907, Sykes 29 and 31. 


Boerhaavia wrightii A. Gray, Amer. Journ. Sci. IT. 15: 322. 1853. 
Type locality, ‘‘Pebbly hills near El Paso.” 
Papago Tanks, Pinacate Mountains, November 16, 1907, MacDougal 43. 


Wedeliella incarnata (L.) Cockerell, Torreya 9: 167. 1909. 
Allionia incarnata L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 890. 1759. 
Wedelia incarnata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 533. 1891. 
Type locality, Peru. 
MacDougal Crater, Pinacate Mountains, November 14, 1907, MacDougal 30. 


Isomeris arborea Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Amer, 1: 124, 1838. 
Type locality, ‘‘St. Diego, California. ” 
Pinacate Mountains, at 600 to 900 meters, November 21, 1907, MacDougal. 


Wislizenia costellata Rose, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 132. 1906. 
Type locality, ‘‘Sonora, Mexico. Between Nogales and Guaymas. ” 
Sonoyta, November 8, 1907, MacDougal 12. 


Krameria glandulosa Rose & Painter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 108. 1906. 
Type locality, ‘‘Near El Paso, Texas.” 
Hornaday Range, Pinacate Mountains, November 14, 1907, MacDougal 23. 


Acacia greggii A. Gray, Smiths. Contr. Knowl. 3: 65. 1852. 

Type locality, ‘“Dry valley west of Patos, Northern Mexico.” 

No specimens were collected but the plant was observed throughout the region 
visited. 


10 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Parkinsonia microphylla Torr. U.S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 82. 1856. 

Type locality, ‘‘ Banks of the Colorado, and on Williams’ river,” Arizona. 

This, the common palo verde, is discussed and illustrated by Doctor Hornaday in 
the ‘“‘Camp-Fires.” Doctor Hornaday speaks of it as follows: } 

“Of all the tree products of the desert the palo verde is one of the most beautiful 
and interesting. Itsname is Spanish and means ‘green tree.’ According to its soil and 
water supply, it may be as large as an adult apple tree—fifteen feet high, with a trunk 
nine inches in diameter—or as small as a mountain laurel bush three feet high. Almost 
as far as it can be seen, you recognize it at once as something different and remark- 
able. Instead of a top that is made up of leaf masses, one laid upon another, you 
see that its foliage—or rather the masses where its foliage ought to be—is composed 
of straight lines, and angles. The palo verde bears a few tiny leaflets, so small that it 
would take about twelve of them to cover a postage stamp; but in November they 
exert no influence whatever upon the general aspect of the tree. 

‘Regardless of leaves, however, from root to top the palo verde is of the most beau- 
tiful green that could be imagined. It is not the bold, waxy, aggressive green of the 
creosote bush, but the soft, smooth, and delicate green of the asparagus. 

“The bark is as smooth as the surface of polished oak, and trunk, branch, and twig 
are alike persistent green. Even the bark of the trunk has a surface like a robin’s egg. 

“The terminal twigs are long, straight, and slender, like masses of green darning 
needles set where the leaves ought to be. The density of their color, added to their 
unique form, gives the tree as a whole a peculiarly lineated top. This is one of the 
very few desert trees that is free from thorns. 

“This tree is not particularly useful. Its chief purpose is to ornament the arroyos 
and flood basins of the desert regions, and to furnish brake blocks for desert freight- 
wagons. It strings along the arroyos, wherever the water supply is a little above the 
average, but on the open, level plains it is rare. Often from many a square mile it is 
quite absent. In density and grain, its wood is much like that of the white birch. 
The trunk consists of a single stem, upon which the branches are set in very abrupt 
and angular fashion, all of which merely adds to the odd appearance of the tree. ” 


Prosopis velutina Wooton, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 456. 1898. 

Type locality, ‘Probably first collected with young fruit in the valley of the Nazas 
in northern (?) Mexico by Gregg.” 

No specimens of this were collected, but it is illustrated in several of the illustrations 
of the ‘‘Camp-Fires.’’ Doctor Hornaday writes of it as follows: 2 

“The honey-pod mesquite is the most persistent bush tree of the deserts. Both in 
form and size it is much like the palo verde, and in southern Arizona and Mexico the 
two species are almost inseparable companions. On the desert plains, where water is 
scarce and dear, the mesquite is a modest little bush three feet high; but along the 
arroyos, the valleys, and in the business centers of the flood basins, where the water 
wagon is more in evidence, it develops into a real tree. Often it grows to a height of 
twenty-five feet, with a writhing trunk twelve or more ‘uches in diameter. In growth 
habit it is very much likean apple tree—a low, heavy, wide-spreading top with crooked 
bra ches that frequently are horizontal, on a short, stout trunk of irregular shape. The 
bark is gray and the foliage is of a pale gray green tint—not so pleasing as the asparagus 
green of the palo verde. * * * Both foliage and ‘“‘beans” are eaten by horses and 
cattle when grass is not obtainable and hunger is great. Its seeds are greedily eaten 
by all the small rodents of the deserts, and by many birds also. Although its leaves 
are very small, the shade of the mesquite is very grateful and comforting. 

‘The mesquite is well provided with thorns, but, fortunately for the proletariat, they 
point forward instead of back. Its wood is hard, fine-grained, durable, and the general 
stand-by for fuel throughout the whole Southwest. Blessed is the desert wayfarer 


' Page 45; see also plate facing p. 70, same work. 2 Page 47. 


PLaTe 3. 


16, 


Nat. Herb., Vol. 


tr. 


Cor 


"AVHD “YW VLOSSL VASNIO 


ROSE AND STANDLEY—PLANTS -FROM THE PINACATE REGION. 1] 


who has dry mesquite for his camp-fire; for without it fire making is a serious problem. 
It burns freely, makes a hot fire, and quickly produces a good bed of coals for the 
baking of bread and the frying of meat. 

‘“‘In the simple house building of the deserts, mesquite constitutes well-nigh the 
only wood that is available. The stems are used to support the earth roofs of houses, 
to build into fences for corrals and cultivated fields, and to repair broken wagons. It 
is said that the Mexicans also use it in the making of furniture.”’ 


Olneya tesota A. Gray, Mem. Amer, Acad. IT. 5: 328. 1855. PLATE 3. 

Type locality, ‘‘On the table-lands of the Gila.” 

No specimens of this were collected, either, but it is common about the Pinacates 
and in southern Arizona, where it is known asironwood. Ofit Doctor Hornaday says:? 

‘The ironwood tree is not of sufficient importance to justify prolonged attention. 
It looks very much like the mesquite, but its wood is as hard as its name implies, and 
so heavy that it will not float in water. The largest specimen I noted particularly 
was @ conspicuous part of our aforesaid bivouac on Pinacate. A trunk fully a foot in 
diameter and twenty feet long was twisted almost into a figure-8 knot, but it was what 
cattlemen call a ‘lazy 8,’ for it lay upon the ground.” 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3.—From a photograph by Dr. D. T. MacDougal. 


Parosela emoryi (A. Gray) Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl. ed. 2. 6. 1900. 
Dalea emoryi A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 5: 315, 1855. 
Type locality, ‘‘On the desert table-lands of the Gila,” 
Adair Box, November 20, 1907, Sykes 65. 


Parosela spinosa (A. Gray) Heller, Cat. N. Amer, Pl. ed. 2. 7. 1900. 

Dalea spinosa A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 5: 315. 1855. 

Type locality, ‘‘Arroyos on the Gila; and on the Californian desert west of the Col- 
orado.”’ 

Sandhills, Adair Box, November 20, 1907, Sykes 64. 

This is spoken of as the “‘spiny smoke tree.”’ It is well illustrated in the ‘‘Camp- 
Fires.’’ ? 
Phaseolus wrightii A. Gray, Smiths. Contr. Knowl. 3: 43. 1852. 

Type locality, ‘‘Declivity of a mountain, near El Paso.” 

Papago Tanks, Sonora, November 17, 1907, MacDougal 48. 


Covillea glutinosa (Engelm.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 25%: 108. 1910. 

Larrea glutinosa Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 93, 1848. 

Type locality, ‘‘Olla and Fray Cristobal,’’? New Mexico, 

The common creosote bush, occurring nearly throughout the arid Southwest. 
Again we quote Doctor Hornaday from the ‘‘Camp-Fires:” ® 

‘“‘Last of the important bushes and trees of the desert—but often it is the first—is 
the creosote bush. It is by far the most omnipresent representative of the plant 
world throughout the region we traversed. I think we saw hundreds of square miles 
of it, and most of all was on the trail from the Ajo mines up to Gila Bend. 

“The specimen shown with Mr. Sykes and the grave of the murdered Mexican is 
an excellent picture of a creosote bush, which may be regarded as the type of ten 
million others. The creosote bush is a big cluster of small and brittle woody stems, 
covered with smooth brown bark. The stems do not branch until near their tops, and 
there they send off a few fine twigs to support the irregular clusters of tiny leaves that 
form the outer surface of the bush. The leavesare of a rich, bright green color, and so 
shiny that they look as if recently varnished. They taste unpleasantly like creosote 
(oil of smoke), and no animal can eat them. 


1 Page 52. ? Plate opposite page 182. 3 Page 53. 
13540°—12——2 


12 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


“The leaves of the creosote bush are so wholly on its outer surface that it would be 
quite easy to shear them all off, as one shears a sheep, and leave the bush nearly full 
size but perfectly bare. The usual height of this bush is from two to three feet. The 
clumps stand about ten feet apart, and usually there are from 100 to 150 peracre. In 
a few localities we saw some very large specimens, which grew fully ten feet in height.”” 


Kallstroemia grandiflora Torr.; A. Gray, Smiths. Contr. Knowl. 3: 28. 1852. 
Type locality, ‘‘ Borders of the Gila,” New Mexico or Arizona. 
MacDougal Crater, Pinacate Mountains, November 14, 1907, MacDougal 25. 


Chamaesyce pediculifera (Engelm.) Rose & Standley. 

Euphorbia pediculifera Engelm. in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound, 186. 1859. 

Type locality, ‘‘Sonora.” 

Quitovaquito, Sonora, November 11, 1907, MacDougal 17; MacDougal Crater, Pin- 
acate Mountains, November 14, 1907, Sykes 28. 


Croton arenicola Rose & Standley, sp. nov. 

Low shrub, less than a meter high, much branched, the stems strictly erect, whitish, 
slender, densely lepidote throughout; leaves linear to linear-oblong or lanceolate, 20 to 
35 mm. long, 2 to 6 mm. wide, rounded at the apex, attenuate to the base, densely 
lepidote-stellate on both surfaces, whitish, on slender petioles 5 to 14 mm. long; flowers 
dicecious, both kinds apetalous; staminate flowers in few-flowered racemes 15 to 30 
mm. long, naked below, the calyx lobes ovate, densely stellate and lepidote, obtuse, 
the flowers 4 mm. broad, on pedicels 5 to 8 mm. long; stamens slightly exceeding the 
sepals; pistillate raceme about 3 cm. long, sometimes less, the flowers on stout pedicels 
4 to 6 mm. long, the calyx lobes ovate, obtuse; capsule 10 or 11 mm. high, densely and 
finely stellate and somewhat lepidote; seeds oval or oblong, 7 or 8 mm. long, variegated 
with brown and gray, the caruncle stipitate, small. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 574267, collected on sand hills about 
Adair Bay, Gulf of California, in northwestern Sonora, November 20, 1908, by Mr. G. 
Sykes (no. 62). , 

This is near Croton tenuis but has more abundant pubescence so that the plant 
appears silvery throughout; the leaves are also narrower, and the seeds are much 
larger with a different caruncle. 


Ditaxis odontophylla Rose & Standley, sp. nov. 

Low, 20 cm. high or less, erect or ascending; stems stout, pilose; leaves oblanceolate, 
attenuate at the base into a short petiole, rather thin, bright green, more or less pilose 
on both surfaces, broadly obtuse and coarsely dentate near the apex; staminate flowers 
with linear-oblong sepals and oval, clawed petals, the latter white tinged with purple 
near the base, the sepals pilose; pistillate flowers with linear-lanceolate, hirsute sepals, 
the style tips not enlarged; capsule strongly hirsute; seeds subspherical, smooth, 
brown. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 574248, collected at the Papago Tanks, 
Sonora, November 14, 1908, by Dr. D. T. MacDougal (no. 36). 

The plant is similar to Ditaris neomexicana but has very different leaves and much 
more abundant pubescence. 


Here may be inserted a description of another apparently new 
species of Ditaxis, detected while attempting to determine Ditaxis 
odontophylla. 


Diraxis Gractuis Rose & Standley, sp. nov. 

Low, sparingly branched, slender annual, 30 to 40 cm. high; stems sparingly pilose, 
pale green; leaves lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 5 to 6 cm. long and 20 to 25 mm. 
wide, acute, somewhat attenuate at the base, thin, bright green, all except the 
youngest glabrous, all on slender petioles 10 to 18 mm. long; racemes few-flowered and 


PLATE 4. 


16, 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol, 


ABUTILON MACDOUGALII ROSE & STANDLEY. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 5. 


S i 


SPHAERALCEA MACDOUGALII ROSE & STANDLEY. 


ROSE AND STANDLEY—-PLANTS FROM THE PINACATE REGION. 18 


axillary; staminate flowers with linear, acute, sepals, their pale green petals broadly 
lanceolate and one-half longer; pistillate flowers with linear-lanceolate, attenuate 
sepals 6 to 8 mm. long, the petals spatulate, very short and inconspicuous; style tips 
not enlarged; capsule hirsute, the mature ones and seeds not seen. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 45193, collected at Guaymas, Sonora, 
in 1887 by Dr. Edward Palmer (no. 624). 

A very distinct species, readily separated by its large, thin, finally glabrous leaves 
with slender petioles. 


Another species of Ditaxis from Lower California seems never to 
have been referred to the correct generic name: 


DitaXIS BRANDEGEI (Millspaugh) Rose & Standley. 
Argythamnia brandeget Millspaugh, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 220. 1889. 
Type locality, ‘‘San Gregorio,’ Lower California. 


Mozinna spathulata Orteg. Hort. Matr. Dec. 8: 105. pl. 13. 1799. 
Jatropha spathulata Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15 ?: 1081. 1866. 
Type locality, ‘‘Habitat in Nova Hispania.” 
Hornaday Range, Pinacate Mountains, November 14, 1907, MacDougal 21. 


Poinsettia eriantha (Benth.) Rose & Standley. 
Euphorbia eriantha Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 51. 1844. 
Type locality, ‘‘Bay of Magdalena,” Lower California. 
Pinacate Mountains, at 600 to 900 meters, November 21, 1907, MacDougal 69. 


Stillingia linearifolia 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 297. 1879. 
Type locality, ‘‘S. California; near Boundary Monument, San Diego.” 
MacDougal Pass, Pinacate Mountains, November 14, 1907, MacDougal 59. 


Abutilon macdougalii Rose & Standley, sp. nov. PLATE 4, 

Herbaceous throughout, tall, probably about a meter high; stems stout, much 
branched, densely covered with soft, short, spreading hairs; leaves broadly ovate- 
cordate, 9 cm. long or usually smaller, the sinus closed, irregularly serrate, thick, 
velvety-tomentose on both sides, canescent beneath, all on petioles longer than the 
blades; inflorescence a terminal, sparingly branched panicle, the flowers on pedicels 
10 to 15 mm. long; lobes of the calyx triangular-ovate, attenuate, divided two-thirds 
of the way to the base, densely villous; petals orange yellow, 20 mm. long, more than 
twice as long as the calyx; carpels slightly surpassing the calyx, 10 in number, villous, 
with conspicuous, divergent, rather long beaks; seeds brown, glabrous, papillose. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no, 574255, collected in the Pinacate Moun- 
tains, November 22, 1907, by Dr. D. T. MacDougal (no. 47). 

Near Abutilon aurantiacum but with different inflorescence and seeds, and with 
shorter calyces with narrower lobes. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 4.—Branch of the type specimen. Natural size. 


Hibiscus denudatus Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 7. pl. 3. 1844. 
Type locality, ‘‘Bay of Magdalena,’’ Lower California. 
Papago Tanks, Pinacate Mountains, November 20, 1907, MacDougal. 


Sphaeralcea macdougalii Rose & Standley, sp. nov. Puiate 5. 

Stems stout, erect, branched, densely velvety-stellate; petioles 15 to 20 mm. long; 
leaf blades ovate, obscurely 3-lobed, obtuse, cordate at the base, densely velvety- 
stellate on both surfaces, prominently veined, the margins somewhat undulate; flowers 
few, in short terminal racemes; pedicels 1 cm. long or less; bracts subulate, incon- 
spicuous; calyx 10 to12 mm. high, cleft nearly to the base, the lobes oblong-lanceolate, 
acute, densely stellate; petals 2 cm. long, purplish red; immature carpels densely 
stellate on the back, 2-seeded, blunt, nearly smooth on the inner faces. 


14 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 574253, collected at the Papago Tanks in 
the Pinacate Mountains, Sonora, November 16, 1907, by Dr. D. T. MacDougal (no. 45). 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 5.—Branch of type specimen. Natural size. 


Elaphrium microphyllum (A. Gray) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25%: 250.1911. Puare 6. 
Bursera microphylla A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 155. 1861. 
Terebinthus microphylla Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 120. 1906. 
Type locality, Lower California. 
Hornaday Range, Pinacate Mountains, November 14, 1907, MacDougal 22; slope of 
the Pinacate Mountains, November 20, 1907, MacDougal 55. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 6.—From a photograph by Dr. D. T. MacDougal. 


Fouquieria splendens Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 98. 1848. 

Type locality, ‘Jornada del Muerto,’’ New Mexico. 

This is illustrated in several plates of the ‘‘Camp-Fires.’’!_ Concerning this charac- 
teristic desert plant Doctor Hornaday writes: ? 

‘There is one other arboreal feature of the deserts which, because of its picturesque 
oddity, I have reserved to the last. It is a product of the plant world unique in 
character, and standing as much apart from related genera and species as does the 
prong-horned antelope among hoofed animals, It is the Ocotillo, the Spanish name of 
which is pronounced o-co-tee’-yo. Next to the giant cactus, it was the most monu- 
mental and picturesque thing of plant growth found by us in two hundred miles of 
fertile deserts. 

“The ocotillo is a multiform tree, and there is nothing else that is at all like it. 
Instead of having a tall main stem and many branches, large and small, it has an 
exceedingly short stem and many very long, wandlike branches. The leaves grow 
all along each branch, from bottom to tip. The stem is a big, thick mass of solid 
wood, all underneath the earth (where the earth has not been blown away), and the top 
of it is large enough to afford holding ground for each branch. From the very limited 
upper surface of the main stem, starting usually at the level of the ground, there rise a 
score or more of long, slender rods of light wood, their bases firmly packed together, 
but otherwise free. They are like slender and very symmetrical fishing rods. As 
they rise they droop outward and spread apart, until they form a group shaped like a 
morning-glory vase. When it is in full leaf, the ocotillo is like a bouquet of green 
wands held at the bottom by an invisible hand. 

‘The stems vary in number from three to seventy-three or even more. I can vouch 
for the last-named number by count. The largest ocotillo that I particularly noted 
had some stems that were, by measurement, eighteen feet long. 

‘‘One of the strangest features of this odd multiple-tree is its leaves and thorns. The 
leaves grow thickly all along the stem, each blade an inch and a half in length. The 
blade springs full-fledged from the upright woody stem, with no free petiole, and its 
color is dark pea green. This profusion of leaves gives each stem of the ocotillo a 
highly pleasing appearance, and denotes water in the not-far-distant yesterday. A 
large ocotillo in full leaf is a beautiful object, and every line of its ensemble bespeaks 
development in a land of queer things. 

‘But mark the transformation. 

‘‘When the last rain has become only a distant memory, when the hungry roots have 
sucked the last drop of moisture from the sandy soil, the hour for the change has 
struck. Fleshy leaves an inch and a half long are far too luxuriant to last long in a 


1 On the plate opposite page 52 several fine specimens are shown, photographed in 
the Ajo Valley 10 miles south of Montezumas Head, Arizona. A young plant in full 
leaf is shown opposite page 80; a plant in full leaf, in color, opposite page 100; an- 
other opposite page 230. 

2 Page 49. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16 


PLATE 6. 


(A. GRAY) ROSE. 


ELAPHRIUM MICROPHYLLUM 


PLATE 7. 


"3SOY ® NOLLIG 


WIZ9NQ) VSLNVSID VSIDSNUVO 


PLATE @. 


Add 


PLATE 9. 


“IGWNY (Addvd 


INNVWISUNG SNSYHSOONIHOF 


ROSE AND STANDLEY—PLANTS FROM THE PINACATE REGION, 15 


desert. They dry up, and they drop off—all but the midrib, which takes form as a 
big, woody thorn an inch or more in length. Then and thereafter each stem presents 
the most frightful array of thorns to be found on anything outside the cactus family. 
So far as cattle, burros, and wild animals are concerned, an ocotillo in a state of defence 
is practically impregnable. We saw only two stems that had been barked by food- 
seeking animals, and that work had been done by wild burros, at great trouble and 
expense, 

“Except on the plains dedicated to the creosote bush and mesquite, the ocotillo 
stayed with us from Tucson to the very foot of Pinacate Peak. It is the inseparable 
companion of the giant cactus, but, unlike the latter, it grows larger along the inter- 
national boundary than fifty miles farther north. On the night that three of us ‘laid 
out” on the slope of Pinacate, we found near our bivouac a large dead ocotillo whose 
rods of clean white wood burned with a brilliant light—too bright to last. These 
naked rods are used by the Papago Indians in building fences, and screens around the 
verandas of their adobe houses.”’ 


Petalonyx thurberi A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. IT. 5: 319. 1855. 
Type locality, ‘‘ Valley of the Rio Gila.”’ 
Sandhills, Adair Bay, November 20, 1907, Sykes. 


Sympetaleia rupestris (Baill.) A. Gray; 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 50. 1889. 
Loasella rupestris Baill, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris. 1: 650. 1886. 
Type locality not ascertained. 
Pinacate Mountains, November 21, 1907, MacDougal 74 


Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 188. 
1908. PLATE 7. 

Cereus giganteus Engelm. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 158. 1848. 

Type locality, along the Gila River, Arizona. 

No specimens were collected but many fine photographs were taken. The finest 
specimen seen is illustrated by Doctor Hornaday in a beautiful colored plate.' It was 
about 60 feet high and had 9 branches, an- unusually large number. The species was 
found to range from Tucson to the Pinacates, and from near sea level to an altitude of 
1,200 meters. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 7.—From a photograph by Dr. D. T. MacDougal. 


Echinocactus emoryi Engelm. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 156. 1848. 

Type locality not specifically given; in southeastern Arizona, near the New Mexican 
line. 

A living specimen was collected in the Pinacate Mountains and sent to Washington. 


Echinocactus wislizeni Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 96. 1848. 

Type locality, ‘‘Dofiana,’’ New Mexico. 

No material of this species was taken but Doctor Hornaday gives an illustration ? 
of a very large plant from which water is being extracted. 


Echinocereus engelmanni (Parry) Riimpl.; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 805. 1886. 
PLaATEs 8, 9. 
Cereus engelmanni Parry, Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 14: 338. 1852. 


Type locality, ‘Mountains about San Felipe,’’ California. 

A cluster of living specimens was collected on the Pinacate Mountains and sent to 
Washington. Doctor Hornaday illustrates a group of these.’ 

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 8, 9.—From photographs by Dr. D. T. MacDougal. 


1 << Camp-Fires,’’ facing page 72. 
2 Thid., facing page 216. 
3 Thid., facing page 236. 


16 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Lemaireocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 426. 
1909. 

Cereus thurberi Engelm. Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 17: 234. 1854. 

Type locality, ‘‘Canyon near the mountain pass Bachuachi.” 

A living specimen and fruit were collected at Sonoyta, Sonora, and sent to Wash- 
ington. A fine colored illustration of this species is given by Doctor Hornaday.' The 
plant illustrated had 22 stems, the tallest being 20 feet high. The species was first 
seen at Sierra Blanca and last at the Ajo mines, Arizona, at about the same latitude as 
Tucson, and these may be considered as the northern limits for the species. 


Lophocereus schottii (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb, 12: 427. 1909. 
Cereus schottit Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 288. 1856. 
Pilocereus schottti Lem. Rev. Hort. 1862: 428. 1862. 
Type locality, “Toward Santa Magdalena,’’ Sonora, Mexico. 
A living specimen was collected at Sonoyta, Sonora, and sent to Washington. 


Mamillaria grahami Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 262. 1856. 

Type locality, ‘Mountains from El Paso southward and westward to the Gila and 
Colorado, and up the latter river.’’ 

Living specimens were collected on the Pinacate Mountains and sent to Washington. 


Opuntia bigelovii Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 307. 1856. Prare 10. 
Type locality, “On Williams River’’ (Bill Williams River), Arizona. 
Common on Hornaday Mountain, Sonora. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 10,—From photograph by Dr. D. 'T. MacDougal. 


Opuntia chlorotica Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 291. 1856. 
Type locality, “From San Francisco Mountains to Mojave Creek,” Arizona. | 
Near summit of Pinacate Mountains, MacDougal. 


Opuntia fulgida Engelm. Proc, Amer. Acad. 8: 306. 1856. 
Type locality, “ Mountains of western Sonora,’’ Mexico. 
Sonoyta, Sonora, MacDougal. 


Philibertella hartwegii heterophylla (Engelm.) Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 308. 
1897. 
Sarcostemma heterophylla Engelm. in Torr. U. 8. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 5: 362. 
1856. 
Type locality, “Near Fort Yuma,’’ Arizona. 
Walls Well, Ajo Mountains, Arizona, November 7, 1907, MacDougal 7. 


Cuscuta californica Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Gendve 9: 279. 1841. 
Type locality, “Nov. [am] Californiam.”’ — 
MacDougal Crater, Pinacate Mountains, November 14, 1907, MacDougal 26. The 
immature plants are growing on Kallstroemia grandiflora. 


Euploca aurea Rose & Standley, sp. nov. PLATE 11, 

Low, much branched annual, 30 cm. high or less; branches spreading, stout, 
hirsute; leaves oblong to elliptic or oval, thick, yellowish green, hirsute, small, 
mostly about 1 cm. Jong, acutish, rounded at the base, all on short, stout petioles 
one-third as long as the blades; flowers axillary, scattered; lobes of the calyx linear- 
subulate, strigose; corolla bright yellow, the limb about 6 mm. wide, the throat some- 
what inflated; style long and slender; stigma penicillate; achenes 2, hemispherical, 
each finally splitting into 2, strigillose, smooth. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 574265, collected on sand hills near 
Adair Bay, Gulf of California, November 20, 1907, by Mr. G. Sykes (no. 61). 

This is not closely related to any other species of the genus, being distinguished 
chiefly by its yellow corollas and bristling indumentum. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 11.—a, Branch of type; b, calyx lobe. a, Natural size; b, scale 4. 


' “Camp-Fires,’’ facing page 136. 


PLATE 10. 


Nat. 


Contr. 


‘WIS9N9 NAOTSDIA VILNAdO 


<i 


eae 


aN kG 
tet 


." 
Me : 


PLATE 11, 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. 


EUPLOCA AUREA ROSE & STANDLEY. 


ROSE AND STANDLEY—PLANTS FROM THE PINACATE REGION, 17 


Here may be inserted the description of another species of Euploca 
from southwestern Texas. 


Evuprioca RACEMOSA Rose & Standley, sp. nov. 

Low, much branched annual, about 30 cm. high; stems slender, spreading, stri- 
gose; leaves elliptic, 20 to 25 mm. long, acute at both ends, strigose, all on very short 
petioles (2 to 4mm. long); flowers mostly axillary forming slender, one-sided racemes; 
leaves of the inflorescence much reduced; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, 5 or 6 mm. 
long, strigillose; corolla white, its limb 7 mm. in diameter; style long and slender, 
the stigma penicillate; fruit smooth, strigillose. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 45192, collected in southwestern Texas, 
between September, 1879, and October, 1880, by Dr. Edward Palmer (no, 889). 

This is distinguished from Euploca convolvulacea by its smaller corolla, different 
inflorescence, and shorter petioles. 


Verbena bracteosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 13. 1803. 

Type locality, ‘In regione Illinoensi et in urbe Nash-ville.”’ 

Pinacate Mountains, at 900 to 1,200 meters, November 21, 1907, MacDougal 73. 
The specimens are unusually villous but otherwise seem to belong here. 


Ramona capitata (A. Gray) Briq. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 440. 1894. 
Audibertia capitata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 387. 1868. 
Type locality, ‘Summit of Providence Mountain, Mohave Desert.” 
Pinacate Mountain, November 21, 1907, MacDougal 72. 


Datura discolor Bernh. Linnaea. 8: Litt. Ber. 138. 1833. 
Type locality, ‘‘Hab. in India occidentali.”’ 
Walls Well, Ajo Mountains, November 7, 1907, MacDougal. 


Nicotiana trigonophylla Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 562. 1852. 
Type locality, ‘‘In Mexico ad Aguas calientes.”’ 
Papago Tanks, Sonora, November 17, 1907, MacDougal 41. 


Physalis cardiophylla Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 153. 1859. 
Type locality, “‘Sonora and California, desert of the Colorado.” 
Papago Tanks, Sonora, November 17, 1907, MacDougal. 


Solanum hindsianum Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 39. 1844. 
Type locality, ‘‘Bay of Magdalena,’’ Lower California. 
Pinacate Mountains, November 19, 1907, MacDougal. 


Antirrhinum chytrospermum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 81. 1877. 
Type locality, ‘‘Ehrenberg, Arizona.” 
Papago Tanks, Pinacate Mountains, November 16, 1907, MacDougal 44. 


Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 283, 1827. 
Bignonia ? linearis Cav. Icon, Pl. 8:35. pl. 269. 1794. 
Type locality unknown. 

Walls Well, Ajo Mountains, November 8, 1907, MacDougal 6. 


Anisacanthus thurberi (Torr.) A. Gray, Syn. FI. 2': 328. 1886. 

Drejera thurberi Torr. Bot, Mex. Bound. 124. 1859. 

Type locality, ‘‘ Along water-courses, Las Animas, Sonora.”’ 

Walls Well, Ajo Mountains, November 7, 1907, MacDougal 10. This plant is 
known as tuparosa, probably a corruption of chuparosa—‘‘ humming-bird flower.”’ 


Ptiloria tenuifolia (Torr.) Raf. Atl. Journ. 145. 1832. 
Prenanthes ? tenuifolia Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 210. 1828. 
Lygodesmia minor Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 205. 1833. 

Type locality, ‘‘Rocky Mountains.”’ 
Pinacate Mountains, November 15, 1907, MacDougal 34. 


« 


18 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Dicoria calliptera Rose & Standley, sp. nov. PLaTE 12. 

Branches half a meter long or less, spreading, diffusely branched; stems very slen- 
der, finely canescent, striate; leaf blades ovate or broadly oblong, small, 5 to 14 mm. 
long and 3 to 11 mm. wide, obtuse, narrowed at the base, entire, somewhat crispate, 
rather thick, finely but not closely canescent on both surfaces, all on slender petioles 
as long as the blades; outer involucral bracts oblong to ovate, obtuse, the inner sac- 
cate, scarious, becoming 5 mm. long, sparingly glandular-viscid, the margins dentate; 
achenes | or 2, oblong, 5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, somewhat puberulent and viscid, 
bidentate at the apex, dark brown, the wings scarious, pectinate, more than half as 
wide as the achene, straw-colored, not incurved. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 574268, collected on sand hills near 
Adair Bay, Gulf of California, Sonora, November 20, 1907, by Mr. G. Sykes, (no, 63). 

This is nearest Dicoria canescens, but the fruit has much wider, not incurved wings, 
the inner bracts are much smaller, and the pubescence of the stem is all appressed and 
not spreading as in that species. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 12.—a, Branch of the type; 6b, staminate floret; c, fruiting head; d, outer 
involucral bracts; ¢, achene; f, inner involucral bract. a, Natural size; b, scale 12; c, scale 6; d, e, f, scale 8, 


Chrysoma laricifolia (A. Gray) Greene, Erythea 3: 11. 1895. 
Type locality, ‘‘On mountains, at Guadalupe Pass, New Mexico.” 
Hornaday Range, Pinacate Mountains, November 14, 1907, MacDougal. 


Baccharis glutinosa Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 425. 1807. 
Type locality, ‘‘In R. Chilensis ruderatis.”’ 
Walls Well, Ajo Mountains, Arizona, November 8, 1908, MacDougal 13. 


Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 211. 1882. 

Type locality, ‘Southern borders of California, San Diego Co., near the old Mission 
station, the boundary monument, etc.’’ 

Walls Well, Ajo Mountains, November 8, 1907, MacDougal 5. The specimens have 
heads somewhat larger than the typical form and the pappus is about twice as long as 
in specimens from southern California. 


Encelia farinosa A. Gray, Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 143. 1848. 

Type locality not given. 

This is well illustrated in a plate of the ‘Camp-Fires.”’?! The name of ‘white 
brittle-bush” is there suggested for it. 


Isocoma fruticosa Rose & Standley, sp. nov. PLATE 13. 

Low, straggling, much-branched shrub; branches stout, covered with rough, gray 
bark; leaves very thick and fleshy, resiniferous, viscid, simple or usually pinnatifid, 
the divisions coarsely filiform, alternate, divergent or directed forward, the whole leaf 
25 mm. long or less, the lateral divisions usually 2 to 4 mm. long; heads few, 3 to 5, 
clustered at the ends of the branches, all conspicuously pedicelled; involucral bracts 
oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, much imbricated; heads narrowly campanulate, 7 to 9 mm. 
high; pappus pale yellow, 6 mm. long; achenes 2 mm. long or less, sericeous. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 574278, collected in MacDougal Pass 
near the Pinacate Mountains, Sonora, November 14, 1907, by Dr. D. T. MacDougal. 

The plant is nearest Isocoma tenuisecta, but differs notably in habit and the char- 
acteristics of the leaves. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 13.—a, Branch of type; b, involucral bract; c, head; d, floret and immature achene, 
a, Natural size; b, scale 12; c, scale 4; d, scale 8. 
Isocoma limitanea Rose & Standley, sp. nov. PuaTeE 14. 

Stout perennial; stems several from each root, simple below, corymbosely branched 
above, glabrous except about the inflorescence, there viscid, conspicuously striate; 


' Facing page 182. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 12 


DICORIA CALLIPTERA ROSE & STANDLEY. 


PLATE 13. 


16. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 


ISOCOMA FRUTICOSA ROSE & STANDLEY. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 14. 


ISOCOMA LIMITANEA ROSE & STANDLEY. 


PLATE 15. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16, 


SIDERANTHUS VIRIDIS ROSE & STANDLEY. 


ROSE AND STANDLEY—PLANTS FROM THE PINACATE REGION. 19 


lower leaves linear-oblanceolate, acutish, attenuate to the sessile base, 55 mm. long 
or less, dull yellowish green, sometimes whitened with a resinous excretion, the upper 
leaves smaller and linear, all glabrous, thick, very numerous; inflorescence corym- 
bosely much branched, the heads sessile or short-peduncled, 2 to 5 at the end of each 
branch, campanulate, 5 mm. high; bracts coriaceous, straw-colored, greenish at the 
tips, oblong to linear-lanceolate, the outer obtuse, the inner acute, all minutely 
ciliolate, otherwise glabrous, much imbricated; achenes 2 mm. long, strigillose, the 
tawny pappus 4 to 5 mm. long. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 574227, collected at the village of 
Sonoyta, Sonora, November 14, 1907, by Dr. D. T. MacDougal (no. 14). 

Although related to the more eastern Isocoma heterophylla, our plant may be dis- 
tinguished at once by its different inflorescence, more glabrous stem, and very different 
leaves. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 14.—a, Branch of the type specimen; b, head; c, floret and immature achene; 
d, involucral bract. a, Natural size; 6, scale 5; c, scale 10; d, scale 14. 

Pectis angustifolia Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 214. 1828. 

Type locality, “‘On the Rocky Mountains.”’ 

MacDougal Crater, November 14, 1907, Sykes 27 (in part). 


Pectis papposa Harv. & Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad, II. 4: 62. 1849. 

Type locality, “California.” 

Pinacate Mountains, November, 1907, MacDougal; MacDougal Crater, November 14, 
1907, Sykes 27 (in part). 


Perityle emoryi Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 142. 1848. 
Type locality, ‘‘The Cordilleras of California.” 
Pinacate Mountains at 1200 meters, November 21, 1907, MacDougal 68. 


Porophyllum gracile Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 29. 1844. 

Type locality, ‘‘Bay of Magdalena,’’ Lower California. 

The specimens collected apparently belong to this species, but they are in an 
unsatisfactory state for determination. 


Senecio filicifolius Greenm. ined. 
Walls Well, Ajo Mountains, Arizona, November 8, 1907, MacDougal 11. 


Sideranthus viridis Rose & Standley, sp. nov. PLATE 15. 

Biennial or perennial, somewhat woody near the base; stems slender, branched from 
the base and sparingly above, glabrous below, minutely glandular-viscid above, 
bright green; leaves linear and entire or sometimes with a few lateral lobes, bristle- 
tipped, bright green, finely glandular-viscid, small, rather numerous; heads numerous, 
solitary at the ends of the very slender, leafy branches; involucral bracts linear- 
lanceolate, irregularly imbricated, green for half their length, viscid, 5 or 6 mm. 
long; rays numerous, pale yellow, linear, 8 or 9 mm. long; pappus abundant, 
almost pure white; mature achenes not seen. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 574279, collected on the Pinacate Moun- 
tains, November 21, 1907, by Dr. D. T. MacDougal. 

This is easily separated from the other members of the genus by its bright green 
stems and leaves, the latter of peculiar form. The pubescence, too, is different from 
that of our other species. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 15.—a, Root and base of plant; b, branch of type; c, involucral bract; d, flower 
with young achene; e, leaf and axillary branch; f, ray floret. a, b, Natural size; c, d, scale 8; ¢,f, scale 4. 
Trixis californica Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 182. /. 53. 1863. 

Type locality, ‘‘Cerros Island.” 

Quitovaquito, Sonora, November 11, 1907, MacDougal 16. This is the species that 
has been passing as Trizis angustifolia DC. That, however, is a very different plant, 
with leaves of different form and with strongly pubescent stems. 


20 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Viguiera sp. 

Possibly V. deltoidea A. Gray. Papago Tanks, Pinacate Mountains, November 
17, 1907, MacDougal 50. The plants are not in flower and it is impossible to be cer- 
tain of their proper identification. 


Viguiera sonorae Rose & Standley, sp. nov. PLATE 16. 

Apparently a tall plant sparingly branched below; stems stout, finely and rather 
densely canescent throughout; leaf blades deltoid-ovate, thick, finely and densely 
canescent, obtuse, subcordate or truncate at the base, all on stout, finely canescent 
petioles one-third to one-half as long as the blade, the margins undulate, somewhat 
crispate; heads few, loosely corymbose, on peduncles 10 to 20 cm. long, naked or with 
a few much reduced leaves; heads subspherical, 15 mm. in diameter and 12 to 14 
mm. high; involucral bracts lanceolate, attenuate, finely and densely canescent; 
chaff of the receptacle oblong, entire or 3-toothed at the apex; achenes 8 mm. long, 
somewhat 3-angled, loosely and conspicuously pilose; pappus of 2 or 3 short, tri- 
angular-lanceolate palez at the angles of the achene and of several slightly shorter 
intermediate palex, the pappus finally deciduous, equaled or exceeded by the pilose 
hairs; rays about 2 cm. long, bright yellow. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 574262, collected at the Papago Tanks, 
Sonora, November 20, 1908, by Dr. D. T. MacDougal (no. 57). 

Apparently this is not closely related to any other species. Its nearest relative, 
perhaps, is Viguiera canescens. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 16.—a, Part of type; 6, achene; c, palea of the receptacle; d, disk floret; ¢, involu- 
cral bract; f, ray floret. @, Natural size; b to e, scale 4; f, scale 2. 


PLATE 16. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. 


VIGUIERA SCNORAE ROSE & STANDLEY. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 17. 


TUMAMOCA MACDOUGALI ROSE, 


TUMAMOCA, A NEW GENUS OF CUCURBITACEAE. 


By J. N. Rose. 


For several years Dr. D. T. MacDougal has been sending to the 
National Museum specimens of a curious little cucurbit which grew 
up over the low bushes about the Desert Laboratory at Tucson, 
Arizona. In 1909 I saw it myself and obtained some roots, which, 
however, failed to grow. It resembled somewhat a delicate Iber- 
villea but seemed different from all the described species. In the 
fall of 1910 Doctor MacDougal sent me fruit, and I was then convinced 
that it is generically distinct from all the species of [bervillea. 


Tumamoca Rose, gen. nov. 

Flowers moncecious; male flowers in few-flowered racemes; calyx with very slender 
tube and 5 small sepals; corolla pale yellow with narrow, elongated lobes; stamens 3, 
borne on the tube about one-fourth the distance below the mouth; 2 of the anthers 
2-celled, the third 1-celled; female flowers axillary, solitary, without stamens; fruits 
globular, several-seeded ; seeds horizontal, black, obovoid, truncate at apex, roughened, 
not marginate. 

This genus differs from Ibervillea in having moncecious flowers and a very slender 
calyx tube upon which the stamens are borne. The seeds, too, are unlike those of 
Ibervillea in shape and marking, while it always produces a cluster of tuberous roots 
instead of a single globular root. 

The nameis from ‘‘Tumamoc,” the Indian name of the hill upon which is located the 
Desert Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution. 


Tumamoca macdougalii Rose, sp. nov. PLATE 17. 

A delicate vine climbing over shrubs; stems annual, arising from a cluster of shallow 
tuberous roots, low, glabrous throughout; leaf blade thin, 3-parted, the lobes usually 
once, rarely twice parted, the ultimate segment narrow, obtuse; male flowers in 2 to 
6-flowered racemes (6 to 10 cm. long); female flowers pale yellow, solitary on peduncles 
5 to 15 mm. long; calyx lobes narrow, 10 mm. long; petals 8 to 12 mm. long; fruit 
globular, red, rarely yellow, 8 to 10 mm. in diameter. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 591589, collected near the Desert Labora- 
tory, Tucson, Arizona, July 31, 1908, by Dr. D. T. MacDougal. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 17.—a, Cluster of roots; b, fruiting branch; c, flower; d, fruit with old flower; 
e, seed; f, longitudinal section of seed; g, cross section of seed. a, 6, Natural size; c-g, enlarged. 


21 


NEW OR INTERESTING MOSSES FROM PANAMA. 


By R.S. WrtraMs, 


The following mosses are from a collection made in the Province of 
Chiriqui, Panama, in the spring of 1911, by Mr. Wiliam R. Maxon, 
in connection with the Smithsonian Biological Survey of the Panama 
Canal Zone, and are here published in advance of a complete list 
which will appear later. Two of the species seem never to have been 
collected before. Of the other two, one was first obtained in Mexico 
by Schaffner in 1875, but has remained undescribed until now; the 
other was described as a Porotrichum by Carl Miller from sterile 
specimens collected in Guatemala. 

Specimens of the species here described are in both the U. S. 
National Herbarium and the herbarium of the New York Botanical 
Garden; those in the latter institution having served for actual 
diagnosis, may stand as the type specimens. 


Dicranoloma meteorioides R. 8. Williams, sp. nov. 

Apparently dioicous; in lax pendent tufts, with flexuous, somewhat branching 
stems up to 30 cm. long; leaves distant, three-ranked, 9 or 10 mm. long, 1 mm, wide 
a little above the base, spreading-flexuous, often spirally twisted above, distinctly 
serrulate three-fourths of the way down the margin or more, from an ovate base grad- 
ually narrowed toa slender, lanceolate, keeled point, with costa short-excurrent; costa 
just above the colored base of leaf 60 to 70 « wide, smooth throughout, in cross sec- 
tion near the middle showing about 4 guide cells with thin stereid bands on either 
side; alar cells brown, extending to the costa, about 20 » wide and from square to 
twice longer than wide, often with somewhat thickened walls; cells throughout the 
rest of the leaf mostly elongate, with thickened more or less sinuous and pitted walls, 
the median cells 8 to 10 » wide and 12 to 20 » long; perichetial leaves costate, the 
inner three or four from a convolute base, mostly abruptly narrowed to a serrulate, 
setaceous, erect point 3 or 4mm. long, inclosing 8 to 10 archegonia without paraphyses; 
seta smooth, 12 to 14 mm. long; calyptra (from very immature capsule) slightly 
rough above. 

Type LocaLiry: Humid forest between Alto de las Palmas and top of the Cerro 
de la Horqueta, Chiriqui, Panama; altitude 2,100 to 2,268 meters, March 18, 1911, 
Maxon 5499. 

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality, having been collected there 
also, at the same time, by Mr. H. Pittier. 

The specimens, pendent from branches of trees and shrubs, are in very immature 
fruit. 

Leucodon macrosporus R. 8. Williams, sp. nov. 

Dioicous, male flowers scarcely 1 mm. high, with numerous slender paraphyses and 
about 16 antheridia 0.5 or 0.6 mm. long; primary stems creeping, leafless, the secondary 
more or less erect, arcuate, 3 to 6 cm. high and about 3 mm. across, with somewhat 
spreading secund leaves; leaves ecostate, yellowish at base, about 2.5 mm. long, 
rather broadly ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, concave, 4-plicate, the borders more or 

23 


24 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


less recurved and slightly serrulate one-third the way down; cells throughout upper 
leaf elongate with somewhat unequally thickened, slightly sinuous walls; median 
cells about 5 » wide by 20 to 35 » long, toward the base rather larger and cell walls 
pitted near the insertion of the leaf toward the costa; cells at basal angles numerous, 
short, often transversely elongate and extending some distance upward; outer peri- 
cheetial leaves short; the inner oblong-lanceolate, 6 or 7 mm. long, convolute nearly 
to the acute entire apex and extending to above the middle of seta, sometimes nearly 
to the base of the capsule; seta 7 to 9 mm. long with erect oval capsule 2.5 mm long, 
bearing a conical-apiculate or short-rostrate lid about 1 mm. long; annules wanting; 
peristome double, the outer of pale, papillose to nearly smooth, rather irregular teeth 
with indistinct articulations, separate to below rim of capsule and solid, or more or 
less pertuse along median line; inner peristome a low, pale membrane scarcely one- 
fifth the teeth in height, with margin nearly entire; spores not quite smooth, roundish 
(80 » in diameter) to oblong (up to 120 » long). 

Type Locauiry: Vicinity of Camp Aguacatal, eastern slope of Chiriqui Volcano, 
Chiriqui, Panama, altitude 2,100 to 2,300 meters, March 10 to 13, 1911, Mazon 5276. 
On tree trunks. 

Disrripution: Chiriqui Volcano, Panama, to valley of Mexico (Schaffner, 1875) 
and San Luis Potosi, Mexico (Schaffner 340 in 1879). 

This species in habit much resembles L. cryptotheca, but is rather smaller and with 
leaves more pointed. 


Thamnium cobanense (C. Miiller), R. S. Williams. 

Porotrichum cobanense ©. Miiller, Bull. Herb. Boiss, 5: 202. 1897. 

The specimens at hand were collected from tree trunks in a moist ravine above El 
Potrero Camp, Chiriqui Volcano, Chiriqui, Panama, altitude 2,890 to 3,025 meters, 
March 12, 1911, by William R. Maxon (no, 5330). They are in fine fruit, the fruiting 
state hitherto unknown, I believe. The species isdioicous. It has perichetial leaves 
nearly or quite ecostate and entire, the inner abruptly narrowed to a smooth point 
about one-third the entire length; seta 15 to 18 mm. high, curved; capsule oblong, 
about 2.5 mm. long, slightly contracted under the mouth when dry; annulus of 2 
or 3 rows of cells; lid convex, obliquely rostrate, about 1.5mm. long; outer peristome 
with teeth finely cross-striate over half way up from base, in upper part paler and 
papillose; inner peristome pale brown like outer, the segments from high basilar 
membrane, pertuse along median line with one or mostly two smooth cilia between; 
spores nearly smooth, 12 to 14 » in diamater. 

Type LocaLiry: Guatemala, 

DistRIBUTION: Guatemala and Panama. 


Cyclodictyon maxoni R.§. Williams, sp. nov. 

* Flowers and fruit unknown; plants in lax dusky brown tufts, green only at the tips 
of the branches, the stems mostly denuded of leaves below, 6 to 8 cm. long, and bearing 
rather numerous irregular branches; leaves, when dry, spreading-incurved or loosely 
imbricate, about 1.6 mm. long, broadly ovate, very concave, with flat, entire or 
nearly entire margins and with the apex broad and rounded or scarcely acutely 
pointed; leaves bicostate, the costze nearly or quite smooth on the back, extending 
usually four-fifths the length of the leaf; leaf cells smooth on both sides, elongate- 
hexagonal to oblong or linear, a little below apex about 5 « wide by 20 » long, gradu- 
ally longer below, up to 50 or 60 « long toward base with about 2 rows of short brown 
cells extending across the base at insertion of leaf, the marginal cells a little longer and 
narrower than within but not forming a distinct border; cell walls thin, not pitted. 

Type Locatiry: Humid forest along the upper Caldera River, near ‘‘Camp I,” 
Holcomb’s trail, above El Boquete, Chiriqui, altitude 1,450 to 1,650 meters, March 22 
to 24, 1911, Mazon 5619. On stones in bed of swift current, mostly submerged. 

DistRIBUTION: Known only from the type collection. 

This species seems to be nearest C’. obscurifolium (Mitt.) Broth., but the latter has a 
shorter, broader, and more pointed leaf with a distinct border. 


STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS—NO. 3. 


By Witiiam R. Maxon. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The present paper is in continuation of two others published * 
under the same title, giving the results of various studies of tropical 
American ferns. With the accumulation of a large amount of 
herbarium material the work of revision offers less difficulty than 
heretofore; but there is still very great need of specimens from the 
wet forested regions of eastern and southern Mexico. That adequate 
botanical exploration may be carried on in these mountain districts 
is of the first importance, not only in the study of pteridophyta, 
but to a great extent of other groups as well. 


THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF HEMITELIA, SUBGENUS 
CNEMIDARIA. 


The genus Hemitelia was founded by Robert Brown in 1810? 
upon three previously described species: Cyathea multiflora, C. 
horrida, and C. capensis. As pointed out by the writer in a recent 
paper,’ the first of these, which has long been misidentified and now 
proves to be the species described later as Hemiteha nigricans Presl, 
has been generally accepted by writers on ferns as the type of the 
genus. All recent writers have agreed also that H. multiflora and 
H. capensis, at least, are congeneric. Presl, however, who was the 
first to divide the genus, restricted Hemitelia to the single species H. 
capensis, relegated HH. multiflora to Alsophila, and established * 
the genus Cnemidaria to include H. horrida and several related 
species. The first species listed by him is ‘‘Cnemidaria speciosa 
(Hemitelia speciosa Kaulf, nec Willd.)”’ which, being figured by him, 
will stand as the type of his genus. In a later publication’ Presl 
proposed a rather elaborate reclassification of the group which we 


1 Contr. Nat. Herb. 107: 473-508. pls. 55, 56. Mar. 30, 1908. Contr. Nat. Herb. 
137: 1-43. pls. 1-9. June 30, 1909. 
2 Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 158. 1810. 
$ Bull. Torrey Club 38: 545-550. pl. 35. 1911. 
4 Tent. Pterid. 56. 1836. 
5 Abh. Bohm. Ges. Wiss. V. 5: 349-356. 1848. 
25 


26 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


now call Hemitelia, basing his treatment mainly upon characters 
offered by supposed differences in the arrangement of the fibrovas- 
cular bundles of the stipe and upon venation. The genera recognized 
by him are: (1) Hemitelia, with two sections, Notophoria and 
Kuhemitelia; (2) Microstegnus, founded on Cyathea grandifolia 
Willd., in part; (8) Hemistegia with six “species”; (4) Actinophlebia, 
with two species; and (5) Cnemidaria, which he restricted to the 
original type species, C. speciosa, the other species having been 
removed by him to Actinophlebia and Hemistegia. The results 
of his investigation can not be regarded as satisfactory from any 
point of view, the principal objections being that, despite his 
undoubted keenness of observation, the work abounds in error 
due apparently to a willingness to accept many published observa- 
tions and citations of specimens without substantiating them, a 
marked tendency to overestimate the systematic value of trivial 
characters, a lack of sufficiently extensive and complete material, 
and a singularly inadequate conception of the requirements of nomen- 
clature, especially as regards the use of species names. Here and 
there are found in it observations and distinctions of merit; but to 
attempt, in review, to distinguish these from the many fallacious 
statements of fact or to explain in detail the various taxonomic 
errors, would be no simple task nor lead to any very useful result. 
In the writer's opinion the genus Hemitelia should be of sufficiently 
wide extent to include all these “genera” of Presl. In fact, there 
is much to be said in support of Mr. Copeland’s recent proposition ! 
to unite Hemitelia, Alsophila, and Cyathea in a single genus. The 
writer prefers for the present, however, to retain the three genera 
in their traditional sense, partly from practical considerations. 
Adhering to this view it is possible to recognize two fairly distinct 
sections of Hemitelia in the American tropics; (1) Euhemitelia and 
(2) Cnemidaria; the first, embracing large species of truly arboreous 
growth, with mainly tripinnatifid fronds and narrow, often rather 
minute segments; the latter, plants which are scarcely arborescent, 
with ample, pinnate to bipinnatifid (or rarely tripinnatifid) fronds, 
the leafy parts broad and little dissected. 

Professor Underwood, who had undertaken a study of this group, 
regarded Cnemidaria as a valid genus, its “typical members having 
a basal areole or arch formed by a union of veins rising from adjacent 
series of primary veins” of the pinne. But in about half of the 
species the veins are free, ordinarily. The indusium characters are, 
it is true, fairly constant for the species of Cnemidaria, but there is 
closer agreement in this particular between these and H. multiflora 
than there is between H. multiflora and some of its near relatives in 
Kuhemitelia. Undoubtedly there is in habit and leaf shape a close 


* Philippine Journ. Sci. C. Bot. 3: 353. 1908. 


MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 27 


general resemblance among the species of Cnemidaria, which stamps 
them as obviously related and as forming a natural group; but that 
there is any logical ground for setting these apart as a genus distinct 
from Hemitelia is not apparent. 

As with most members of the Cyatheaceae there are serious difh- 
culties to be met in a satisfactory delimitation of the species, mainly 
on account of their great size and the consequent incompleteness of 
herbarium material. Most collectors seem to have thought it of 
little importance to collect the different characteristic parts of the 
plants. Naturally several species have been redescribed under new 
names; and most of them have been very inadequately described, 
usually with scant attention to venation, which, however unsatis- 
factory it may be as a generic character in this group, yet seems to be 
fairly constant for the recognition of species. Latterly there has 
accumulated at Washington and New York a large amount of material 
which affords the main basis for the present paper. It would have 
been impossible, however, to bring the work to a satisfactory con- 
clusion without the courteous assistance of the authorities of several 
European herbaria. Acknowledgments are therefore gratefully 
extended to the Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew; to Mr. A. B. 
Rendle, Keeper of the Herbarium, British Museum (Natural His- 
tory); to Mr. Carl Christensen, of the Botanisk Museum, Copen- 
hagen; to Prof. H. de Willdman, Curator, Jardin Botanique de I’ Etat, 
Brussels; to Dr. H. Christ, Basel; to Dr. E. Rosenstock, Gotha; and 
especially to Prof. Dr. I. Urban, Assistant Director of the Royal 
Botanical Garden and Museum, Berlin. 

From data and specimens thus made available, and with the help 
derived in several instances from Doctor Underwood’s unpublished 
notes, it has been possible to bring to completion that which appeared 
at first an almost hopeless task. It has been found that, with ample 
material, definite lines of demarcation may be drawn about as sharply 
among the species of this group as in related genera of the Cyatheaceae. 
The segregation of the species, indeed, has offered far less difficulty 
than the purely taxonomic problem of reapplying several of the early 
names in their original sense and of indicating with certainty their 
later synonyms. That several of these names are now to be applied 
in a sense wholly or partly different from their employment by recent 
writers will occasion at most a slight and temporary confusion, since the 
species of this genus have been so illy defined in recent years and their 
limits so misunderstood and so persistently disregarded that there 
is, in fact, no recognized treatment of the group to be disturbed thereby. 
For the same reason a rather large proportion of the species here 
recognized must be described as new. Within the past 15 years 
but two species of the subgenus Cnemidaria have been described from 
North America as new, and one of these (H. bullata), from Grenada, 
proves to be synonymous with an early species. It is entirely probable 


28 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


that additional species will be found, on the continent, from Mexico 
southward; and it is sincerely to be hoped that further collections 
may be made in the humid districts of eastern and southern Mexico 
to bring to light complete material of those known at present only 
from the original collections. 


KEY TO THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES.! 


Veins mostly free, only very rarely forming basal arches along 
the costa. 
Pinne varying from entire or slightly repand to crenate. 
Texture thin; veins not strongly elevated; sori extend- 


ing half way to the midvein of the pinne...... 1. H. speciosa. 
Texture coriaceous; veins strongly raised beneath; sori 
in submarginal lines on shallow scallops. ........ 2. 7. integrifolia. 


Pinne cut from one-third to completely to the costa. 
Segments obtuse or distinctly rounded (rarely acute in 
no. 8). 
Sori submarginal......222220.0.0020002.222....... 3. H. bella. 
Sori borne distinctly apart from the margin, varying 
from supramedial to inframedial. 
Pinne pinnately cut about halfway to the 
costa; veins simple (those on the distal 
side of the segments usually so), or once- 
forked..........2.2.0.20.20000.020220-- 4. H. contigua. 
Pinnx deeply pinnatifid, two-thirds or nearly 
to the costa; all but the outer veins of 
the segments once or twice-forked. 
Segments oblong or deltoid-oblong, rela- 
tively broad; veins 10 to 14 pairs. 
Pinnz oblong-linear, 30 to 35 cm. long, 
4 to 5.5 cm. broad, relatively 
short-acuminate; segments 10 
to 12 mm. broad at the sinuses, 
strongly arcuate toward their 
apices... ......2..2.22..2..... 5. A. pittieri. 
Pinnz oblong-lanceolate, 18 to 25 cm. 
long, 3.2 to 3.8 em. broad, the 
apex gradually long-acuminate; 
segments 7 to 9 mm. broad at 
the sinuses, slightly or not at 
all arcuate. .........200..2.... 6. 1. chiricana. 
Segments narrowly oblong; veins 14 to 23 
pairs; pinne much more deeply 
pinnatifid. 
Veins 14 to 17 pairs, the branches dis- 
tant and divergent; sori medial. 7. H. arachnoidea. 
Veins 19 to 23 pairs, the branches very 
close and diverging at a very 
acute angle; sori distinctly in- 
framedial, crowded............ 8. H. mutica. 


i, 71 


' For the sake of comparison or for the purpose of explaining taxonomic confusion 
there are included in the present treatment several species which are not known to 
occur in North America, including Panama. 


MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN 


Segments acute to long-acuminate or caudate. 

Fronds relatively small, the pinne 4.5 cm. broad, or 
less; segments arcuate, abruptly acuminate- 
cuspidate; veins 12 to 14 pairs, mostly once- 
forked; sori supramedial to submarginal. . ... 

Fronds very much larger, the pinne 7 to 22 cm. 
broad; segments (or pinnules) long-acuminate 
to caudate; veins 16 to 18 pairs, twice to sev- 
eral times branched; sori medial or in a broad 
medial zone. 

Segments 20 to 23 pairs, linear-oblong, long- 
acuminate, only the subcaudate apices 
conspicuously crenate-serrate; veins 
about 16 pairs, alternately 2 to 4- 


branched.............-.-------+--+-0+- 


Segments about 28 pairs, deltoid-lanceolate, 
deeply crenate or crenately lobed, the 
apices usually linear-caudate, sharply 
serrate-crenate; veins about 20 pairs, 
with 4 to 8 pairs of mostly simple, pin- 
nately arranged branches. .....--.----- 

Veins (basal) regularly united by a transverse veinlet, forming a 
single series of costal areoles. 
Lamina bipinnate........-------2-- 2 eee eee eee ere 
Lamina pinnate to very deeply bipinnatifid (or, as to larg- 
est pinnz, bipinnate in no. 11). 
Pinne subentire to serrate, crenate, or lobed not more 
than half way to the costa. 

Margins lightly and remotely crenate-serrate; 
pinne decurrent....-..--------+---------- 
Margins deeply crenate, crenate-serrate, or cre- 

nately lobed; pinne not decurrent. 

Veins (excepting those joined to form basal 


arches) simple; pinnse deeply crenate. 


_ 


Major crenations 5 to 7 mm. broad at sin- 
uses, short-apiculate distally; pinn 
2.5 to 3 cm. broad... .-..--------- 

Major crenations 6 to 12 mm. broad at 
sinuses, never apiculate; pinne 
3 to 4.2 cm. broad. 

Basal vein of each side joined to 
opposed basal vein of next cre- 
nation by a transverse veinlet, 
then produced and commonly 
joining the second vein of its 
own group; crenations 9 to 12 
mm. broad at sinuses. .....---- 

Basal vein of each side similarly joined 
to opposed basal vein of adja- 
cent crenation, the veins other- 
wise all free; crenations mostly 
6 to 8 mm. broad at sinuses. . - . 

Veins mostly once-forked; pinne distinctly 
lobed one-third to one-half the distance 
to the costa............2.------+--+++- 


FERNS. 


9 


11 


13 


14. 


15 


. IT. apiculata. 


. H. subglabra. 


. A. grandis. 


. H. petiolata. 


. HH. decurrens. 


IT, mexicana. 


. A. lucida. 


29 


16. H. guatemalensis. 


. A. choricarpa. 


30 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


Pinnz cut more than half-way or nearly to the costa. 
Segments acuminate, usually very strongly so; 
pinne 6 to 26 cm. broad. 
Coste and costules conspicuously paleaceous, 
the scales whitish and numerous. ..... 18. H. grandifolia. 
Costze and costules devoid of scales or, in very 
immature fronds, rarely bearing an 
occasional thin brownish caducous scale. 19. H. horrida. 
Segments rounded or, if rarely subacute, at least 
never acuminate; pinne 2.5 to 5 cm. broad. 
Costee and costules bearing numerous slender 
lax white long-pointed scales........ 20. H. kohautiana, 
Costee and costules bearing fewer, larger, and 
broader, subbullate or * bullate, brown- 
ish scales... 2. ...2........2.......... 21. H. obtusa. 


1. Hemitelia speciosa (H. & B.) Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 1824, 

Cyathea speciosa H. & B.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 5:490. 1 1S10. 

Hemitelia lindeni Hook. Icon. Pl. pl. 706. 1848. 

TyPE Locauity: Caripe, Venezuela, Humboldt. 

Distrisution: Known only from Venezuela. 

ILLusTration: Hook. loc. cit. pl. 706 (as H. lindeni). 

This species has been the subject of a great amount of misunderstanding. Kaulfuss 
was the first to transfer the name to Hemitelia; and there is, so far as his diagnosis is 
concerned, no reason for supposing Hemitelia speciosa Kaulf. to be anything mofe than 
a change of name for Cyathea speciosa H. & B. 

Presl, however, in 1836, regarded H. speciosa Kaulf. as not only specifically but even 
generically different from the original speciosa of Humboldt and Bonpland. The latter 
he retained in Cyathea, as Cyathea speciosa H. & B.; the former he made the type of a 
new genus Cnemidaria, as Cnemidaria speciosa (Kaulf.) Presl [‘‘ Hemitelia speciosa 
Kaulf.nec Willd.”’]. In thus determining the identity of Hemitelia speciosa Kaulf. he 
seems to have been guided solely by herbarium material; for, as stated above, Kaul- 
fuss’s diagnosis applies well enough to the true speciosa Il. & B. In fact, Kaulfuss’s 
phrase “Sort venis simplicibus patentibus apicem versus impositi” seems almost cer- 
tainly to apply to the Humboldt and Bonpland plant, rather than to that figured by 
Presl in figures 16 and 17,! as may readily be concluded by comparing these and 
Hooker’s illustration of H. lindeni with Kaulfuss’s diagnosis. 

Kunze appears to have been reluctant to believe Kaulfuss in error, for he points out? 
with what care Kaulfuss was accustomed to compare his material with specimens in 
the Willdenow herbarium. Following a full discussion of the subject, however, he 
finally coincided in Presl’s opinion, and described a new species, Hemitelia subincisa, 
basing it in part upon ‘ Hemitelia speciosa, Kault.”” which Presl had called (as Cnemi- 
daria speciosa) a misidentification of the Humboldt and Bonpland species. Further 
notes on JT, subincisa will be given hereafter. 

The proper identification of Cyathea speciosa H. & B. was complicated further by 
Hooker, who published * under the name ‘‘Hemitelia speciosa Kaulf.,”? in 1844, an 
illustration of a wholly distinct (third) species. This, later in the same year, became 
the foundation of a new species, Hemitelia integrifolia Klotzsch,® which will be dis- 
cussed in this paper under that name.° Having thus wrongly applied the name 
speciosa to a species other than the original Hooker subsequently (in 1848) redescribed 
the true Cyathea speciosa upon Venezuela plants collected by Linden (no. 663) under 
the name Hemitelia lindeni. His illustration of H. lindeni agrees in every partic ular 


1 Presi, “Tent. Pterid. pl. 1. of 16, 17. ‘ Sp. Fil. 1: pl 18 B. 
2 Bot. Zeit. 2: 295. 1844. 5 Tinnaea 18: 539. 1844. 
3 Page 49. © Page 31. 


MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS, 31 


with the type specimens of Cyathea speciosa H. & B. in the Willdenow herbarium, as 
shown by an excellent photograph of these, forwarded by Doctor Urban. This fact, 
which seems never to have been pointed out, should be kept clearly in mind, as fixing 
beyond doubt the characters of cutting and venation in true 7. speciosa. 

The present species (under the name II. lindeni Hook.) was compared by Hooker 
with H. integrifolia Klotzsch (the ‘J. speciosa” of the species Filicum, plate 13 B), 
from which, writes Hooker, it “will be at once recognized as distinct * * * by the 
deeply lobed, almost pinnatifid, margins of the pinn, and by the different appearance 
of the fructifications,” which, he adds, “constitute a broad band, occupying almost 
one-half of the portion between the margin and the costa in distinction to the sub- 
marginal line of sori and the crenate-sinuate margins of H. integrifolia. It may be 
noted that these are the very points of distinction enumerated by Klotzsch in criticising 
Hooker’s earlier (1844) erroneous interpretation of C. speciosa H. & B. which led him 
to found the new species H. integrifolia. 


2. Hemitelia integrifolia Klotzsch, Linnaea 18: 539. 1844. 

Hemitelia speciosa Hook. Sp. Fil. 1: 28 (in part, excl. syn.) pl. 13 B. 1844, not 
H. speciosa (1. & B.) Kaulf, 1824. 

Typr LocaLity: Near Caracas, Venezuela, Otto 671; Moritz 107. 

Disrrisution: Northern portions of Colombia and Venezuela. 

InLustrations: Hook. loc. cit. pl. 13B; Hook. Exot. Ferns pl. 66 (both as H. spe- 
ciosa). 

Klotzsch in his original diagnosis of this species cites, as representing it, “Hemitelia 
speciosa Hook. Spec. Fil. t. XII. B. excl. diagn. et syn.’”’ and adds: ‘‘Ab Hemitelia 
speciosa Hook. nec Kaulf. (Cyathea speciosa Humb, Bonpl. Willd. Kth. et Presl) 
differt: caudice bipedali, nee quadriorgyali, pinnis subintegris, rigidis, nec profunde 
sinuatis tenuique membranaceis, venulis trifurcatis aut parce ramosis, soris crebris, 
marginalibus, nec distantibus.’’ A few years later! he called further attention to 
Hooker’s error in applying the species name speciosa of Humboldt and Bonpland and 
pointed out again very carefully the characteristic points of difference, adding in 
conclusion that, if Hooker did indeed have before him pinne of one of Humboldt’s 
specimens from Caripe, he had nevertheless apparen tly drawn his figure from another 
plant. 

At some time during the same year (1844) that Klotzsch published his first descrip- 
tion of H. integrifolia, Kunze also published ? upon Hooker’s treatment of Hemitelia, 
which had recently appeared in volume 1 of the Species Filicum. His conclusions, 
in so far as they recognize “‘ Hemitelia speciosa”? of Hooker as the equivalent of Cyathea 
speciosa I. & B., are erroneous; but it should be noted also that Kunze subsequently # 
receded from this position, at least partially, and came later to regard H. integrifolia 
as truly distinct from H. speciosa (H. & B.). Mettenius * also recognized H. integ- 
rifolia as distinct and, following his description of it, cited Hooker’s plate 13B. 
Nevertheless, Hooker in the Synopsis Filicum (1867) held to his previous erroneous 
treatment. 


3. Hemitelia bella Reichenb. f.; Mett. Fil. Hort. Lips. 110. 1856. 

Type LOCALITY: Caracas, Venezuela. 

DistrisuTION: Venezuela. 

Doctor Underwood’s note on this species is as follows: ‘‘The only specimers seen 
are from material cultivated in the Botanical Garden at Leipzig, of which specimens 
may be found in the herbaria at New York, Kew, and Berlin, and probably elsewhere.”’ 

Excellent material from the same source has been received recently by the U.S. 
National Museum. Apparently the species is not known from North America. 


1 Gartenzeit. 20: 50, 51. 1852. 3 Linnaea 28: 310. 1850. 
2 Bot. Zeit. 2: 294-298. 1844. 4 Fil. Hort. Lips. 110, 1856. 


382 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


4. Hemitelia contigua (Underw.) Maxon, sp. nov. PLATE 18, 

Cnemidaria contigua Underw. MS. 

“‘Caudex ascending, then erect, 80 cm. long;” fronds 1.4 meters long, few; stipe 
slender, 20 cm. long, brown, very narrowly but deeply sulcate at either side of the 
upper surface, scantily and minutely puberulous, and bearing scattered brown ovate- 
lanceolate scales, the rachis similar and with a shallow dorsal groove; lamina about 
120 cm. long, oblong-lanceolate from a rather abruptly narrowed base (5 cm. broad), 30 
to 38 cm. broad near the middle, the apex acuminate; pinnz opposite, about 37 pairs, 
subsessile (the short stout stalks 1 to 2 mm. long, often narrowly alate, especially at 
the upper side), the lowermost pair oblong, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, the next. pair 6 cm. dis- 
tant, 5 cm. long, linear-oblong, deeply crenate, those above rather abruptly larger, 
closer, and crenately lobed; middle pinne approximate or contiguous, 15 to 19 cm. 
long, 2.5 to 3.2 cm. broad, linear-oblong from an obliquely truncate slightly inequilat- 
eral base, pinnately cut about halfway to the costa, the apex gradually tapering, long- 
acuminate, the coste elevated on both surfaces, broader below and bearing a few large 
membranous bright brown scales at the sides; lobes about 20 to 24 pairs, deltoid-oblong, 
7 to 8 mm. broad at the broadly triangular sinuses, 7 to 10 mm. long, slightly falcate 
toward the rounded apex, entire or nearly so, the costules evident, bearing an occa- 
sional thin scale below; veins 9 or 10 pairs, free, prominent below, simple, or those of 
the proximal sides sometimes once-forked, the branches each soriferous; sori large, the 
uppermost ones near the costule, those below medial, the lower ones distinctly supra- 
medial, the series thus broadly A-shaped, the sori of the lobe proper equidistant from 
the margin; indusia pale brown; leaf tissue membranous, paler and decidedly lustrous 
below. 

Type in the Underwood Fern Herbarium, New York Botanical Garden, collected in 
wet forest in mountains 5 miles south of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude about 1,800 
meters, May 12, 1906, by William R. Maxon (no. 523). This specimen consists of two 
sheets, comprising the lamina complete and a portion of the stipe. 

Related to H. chiricana, from which it departs widely in its simpler venation, shorter 
and triangular-oblong lobes, darker scales, and especially in its greatly reduced lower 
pinne. The species is known only from the type collection. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 18,—Middle pinnz of type specimen, Mazon 523. Natural size. 


5. Hemitelia pittieri Maxon, sp. nov. Puate 19, a. 

Caudex and stipe unknown; lamina apparently 1.5 meters long or more, 60 to 70 
em. broad, abruptly acuminate; rachis stoutish, stramineous, distantly muricate, 
canaliculate ventrally, closely and deciduously yellowish-furfuraceous and bearing an 
occasional dark-centered ovate scale with wide whitish erose-fimbriate margins; pinns 
ample, nearly alternate, inserted about 7 cm. apart on each side, oblong-linear, 30 to 
35 cm. long, 4 to 5.5 cm. broad, spreading, sessile, not narrowed at the base, obliquely 
truncate at the upper side, rounded or subcordate at the lower, in the lower and middle 
part pinnatifid two-thirds the distance to the costa, the costal wing thus 8 to 10 mm, 
broad from sinus to costa, gradually broader toward the apex, the pinna there pinnati- 
fid more than halfway to the costa except at the relatively short and deeply serrate 
acuminate apex; cost elevated, lightly canaliculate and glabrous above, glabrescent 
below; segments about 21 to 25 pairs, oblong, 10 to 12 mm. broad at the sinuses, falcate, 
close, parallel, the sinuses acute, linear, 1 to 2 (or rarely 3) mm. broad, the margins sub- 
revolute, subentire or at the rounded apex obscurely crenate-dentate, the costules ele- 
vated, slender, strongly arcuate toward the apex, yellowish and glabrous above, glab- 
rate below; veins almost invariably free, slender, elevated, 10 to 14 pairs, mostly once- 
. forked near the base, the branches divergent, mostly soriferous near their middle ; sori 
large, approximate, extending in an unbroken medial line from near the apex down- 
ward to a point on the costal wing much nearer to the costa than to the sinus, there meet- 
ing the sori of the adjoining segment and forming one end of a nearly perfect ellipse; 
indusium ample, membranous, semicircular in outline, commonly bilobed, the lobes 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 18. 


HEMITELIA CONTIGUA (UNDERW.) MAXON. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 19. 


HEMITELIA PITTIERI MAXON AND H. SUBGLABRA (UNDERW.) MAXON. 


PLATE 20. 


Ol. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., V 


HEMITELIA CHIRICANA MAXON. 


MAXON-——STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS, 33 


spreading, papilionaceous; receptacle cylindric-globose, minutely squamulose-setose; 
leaf tissue membrano-herbaceous, dark green and somewhat lustrous above, much paler 
below. 

Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, no. 830314, collected at Cafias Gordas, Valle 
de Agua Buena, Costa Rica, altitude 1,100 meters, February, 1897, by H. Pittier (no. 
10969). Known only from this collection. 

Not very closely related to any other of the free-veined species of this group, the 
shape and curvature of the segments being distinctive. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 19.—Middle sections of typical pinnee of the type specimens (a) of Hemitelia 
pittieri; (b) of H. subglabra. Both natural size. 


6. Hemitelia chiricana Maxon, sp. nov. PuLate 20, 

Caudex slender, erect, about 20 cm. high, 2.5 to 3 cm. in diameter, radicose below, 
above sheathed with old fibrous stipe bases, paleaceous at the crown, the scales very 
firm, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, about 8 mm. long, dark glossy brown (or with 
whitish margins), those of the lower stipe much thinner, yellowish brown or light 
brown, deltoid-ovate, subfalcate, more or less fimbriate; fronds 1 to 1.7 meters long; 
stipe relatively stout, 5 to 8 mm. in diameter, 20 to 35 cm. long, dull dark brownish, 
minutely tuberculate near the base, closely invested with a thin harsh subpersistent 
covering of light crispate hairs; lamina elliptic-oblong, abruptly acuminate, 80 to 
145 cm. long, 35 to 45 em. broad near the middle, 15 to 20 cm. broad at the base, 
deeply bipinnatifid, the rachis closely crispate-tomentulose; pinne 20 to 25 pairs, 
subopposite or (toward the apex) alternate, inserted 4 to 7 cm. apart on each side, 
oblong-lanceolate, the middle ones 18 to 25 cm. long, 3.2 to 3.8 em. broad, straight 
or commonly decurved, usually not narrowed at the unequally truncate or slightly 
semicordate base, deeply pinnatifid to within 3 or 4 mm. of the costa in the basal 
part, a little less deeply outward, the costal wing 4 to 5 mm. broad on each side below 
the long-acuminate apex; basal pinne shorter and relatively broader, strongly 
deflexed, 10 to 13 cm. long; coste strongly elevated on both sides, above canaliculate 
and glabrous, below much stouter, at firstclosely and scantily yellowish-pubescent 
and with a few deciduous broad flaccid whitish fimbriate scales at the sides; segments 
of the middle pinne about 25 pairs, oblong or (in fully fertile fronds) narrowly deltoid- 
oblong, obtuse, 7 to 9 mm. broad at the base, 5 to 7 mm. broad at the middle, falcate 
toward the apex, distinctly separated by rather narrow acute sinuses, or in partially 
fertile specimens much closer; margins slightly revolute, distantly serrulate (or 
appearing subentire) except at the lightly serrate-crenate apices; costules clothed 
below like the cost, or the few scales at once caducous; veins free, evident, glabrous 
above, minutely furfuraceous below, 10 to 13 pairs, oblique, mostly once-forked 
nearer the costule than the margin, or the lower ones forked medially, the branches 
all rather close, oblique, not widely divergent; sori borne usually at the fork of the 
veins, or at the base of the anterior branch, or (in the case of the basal veins) upon 
each branch, mostly apart, the lower ones medial, those above closer to the costule, 
the ones at the apex nearly basal, thus forming a A-shaped line; indusium firmly 
membranous, dark brown, semicircular, entire to obtusely lobed; receptacle globose- 
capitate, closely setiferous; leaf tissue firmly herbaceous, very dark green above, con- 
spicuously lighter below. 

Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, nos. 675908-675910, comprising a frond and 
part of the rhizome of a plant collected in humid forest between the Alto de las Palmas 
and the top of the Cerro de la Horqueta, Chiriqui, Panama, altitude 2,100 to 2,268 
meters, March 18, 1911, by William R. Maxon (no. 5519). Known only from the type 
locality, other specimens being Mazon 5521, with identical data. 

This species stands about midway between JH. pittieri and H. contigua. It may be 
separated readily from the former by the characters noted in thekey. It is contrasted 
with H. contigua under the discussion of that species. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 20.—Middle pinne of the type specimen, Mazon 5519. Natural size. 


34 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


7. Hemitelia arachnoidea (Underw.) Maxon, sp. nov. PLATE 21, a, b. 

Cnemidaria arachnoidea Underw. MS. 

Caudex not noted; fronds 2 to 3 meters long, spreading; stipes stout, about 85 cm. 
long, brownish green from a light castaneous base, armed with scattered stout conical 
introrse spines 2 to 3 mm. long, eventually tuberculate, and bearing occasional light- 
ish scarious lanceolate scales (these dark-centered at their base), otherwise closely 
covered with a thin subpersistent whitish-arachnoid tomentum; rachis greenish, 
muricate, arachnoid-tomentulose; middle pinnae subopposite, spreading, spaced 
their own width or more (10 to 12 cm. apart at point of insertion), ligulate-lanceolate, 
40 to 50 cm. long, 5 to 6.5 cm, broad, sessile, slightly falcate, at the middle and base 
pinnatifid nearly to the costa, gradually less deeply so below the acuminate crenate- 
serrulate apex; basal pinnz smaller, about 20 cm. long, 3 cm. broad, strongly deflexed; 
segments of middle pinnz about 30 pairs, linear-oblong, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, 10 to 12 
mm. broad at the slightly dilatate base, a little narrower toward the rounded apex, 
the basal pair one-half the size of the second (or even vestigial), joined to them by a 
narrow costal wing about 1.5 mm. broad, this gradually broader outward, 4 to 5 mm, 
broad upon each side of the costaat the middle of the pinna; all the segments separated 
by narrow acutish sinuses; margins slightly revolute, subentire or obscurely crenulate; 
cost stout, elevated, stramineous, glabrous above, below minutely whitish arach- 
noid tomentulose and deciduously paleaceous, the scales flaccid, lanceolate to oblong- 
ovate 4 to 7 mm. long, minutely erose, dirty white, dark-centered at the base; costules 
prominent, yellowish and glabrous above, whitish-tomentulose below, the veins 
similar; veins free, oblique, about 14 to 17 pairs to the segment, the lower ones arc- 
uate, these and the middle ones forked at the base, the branches divergent, distant, 
both usually soriferous midway to the margin, or often the anterior branch divari- 
cately forked, with one or both divisions immediately soriferous; sori large, con- 
tiguous, forming a straight or slightly irregular heavy medial line nearly to the apex 
of the segment; indusia ample, 2 or 3 lobed; receptacle cylindric-capitate, squamulose- 
pilose; leaf tissue rigidly herbaceous, lustrous upon both surfaces, dark green above, 
yellowish-green below. 

Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, nos. 575819 and 575820, collected on wet 
slopes in partial shade, vicinity of La Palma, Costa Rica, altitude 1,450 to 1,550 meters, 
May 6 to 8, 1906, by William R. Maxon (no. 453). 

Allied to HH. mutica, from which it differs in dimensions and in the characters 
enumerated in the key. Known only from the type collection. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 21.—a, b, Portions of characteristic middle pinne of the type specimen of H. 
arachnoidea; c, fragment from type of H. mutica, furnished by Doctor Christ. All natural size. 

8. Hemitelia mutica Christ, Bull. Soc. Bot. Genéve II. 1: 233. 1909. Phare 21, ce. 

Rhizome ‘“arborescent” but presumably very short; stipe stout, about 45 cm. long, 
yellowish brown, bearing numerous short spines, these dilatate at the base, and a few 
ovate scales up to 4 mm. long, these with shining blackish brown rounded centers 
and delicate whitish fimbriate margins; lamina deltoid-oblong, about 1 meter long 
and 60 cm. broad, very deeply bipinnatifid, the rachis clothed with flaccid grayish 
appressed scales; pinnee spreading, about 15 pairs, the lower ones petiolulate, the 
middle ones sessile, those above broadly adnate and crenately lobed, the uppermost 
decurrent, crenate or subentire; characteristic lower or middle pinne lanceolate-lig- 
ulate from a slightly narrower base, about 30 cm. long, 4.5 to 6 cm. broad, nearly 
straight, close, at the base and middle pinnatifid to within 2 or 3 mm. of the costa, 
beyond this the costal wing gradually broader, about 4 mm. broad on each side below 
the acuminate-caudate serrate apex; coste lightly sulcate and glabrous above, below 
very stout, yellowish brown, sparingly muricate, canaliculate, at the base deciduously 
paleaceous like the rachis, also lightly yellowish araneose-furfuraceous; segments 27 to 
30 pairs, elongate-oblong, mostly falcate, 2 to 3 cm. long, 9 to 11 mm. broad at the 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 21. 


HEMITELIA ARACHNOIDEA (UNDERW.) MAXON AND H. MUTICA CHRIST. 


36 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


dentally or perhaps subsequently, either by him or by Mr. Baker; and that Jiirgensen’s 
873 must stand as the actual type of the species. Baker in the Flora Brasiliensis! 
later modified the description and cited Brazilian specimens (Burcheil 2527 and Glaziou 
2420) in addition to the Mexican plant. The writer has not seen the Burchell plant; 
but Glaziow 2420, of which the National Herbarium has a fragmentary specimen, is 
much larger than the Mexican plant and represents a species of no particularly close 
alliance to it. Unless the Burchell specimen is of the same species as the Mexican 
which is exceedingly unlikely), the range of H. apiculata must include at present 
only Mexico, where, as it appears, the species has not been re-collected since Jiirgen- 
sen’s time. 

In several respects H. apiculata is unique, but especially in its pungent segments 
and in the position of the sori, the last a character which may be observed very well 
in plate 22. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 22.—Type specimen, Jiirgensen 873, in herb. Kew. Atabout two-thirds natural 
slze. 

10. Hemitelia subglabra (Underw.) Maxon, sp. nov, PLATE 19, B. 

Cnemidaria subglabra Underw. MS. 

Caudex unknown; frond 2 to 3 meters long; stipes rather stout, 60 em. or more long, 
olivaceous to pale brownish, scantily short-aculeolate, eventually tuberculate, very 
sparingly paleaceous, the scales with black centers and whitish erose margins; rachis 
similar, muricate toward the base, more or less deeply sulcate on all sides, scantily 
and deciduously paleaceous; pinne ample, subopposite, inserted 8 to 12 cm. apart on 
each side, oblong-lanceolate, 30 to 35 em. long, 7 to 10 cm. broad, divergent, sessile or 
short-petiolate, slightly narrowed at the rounded inequilateral base, deeply and 
subequally pinnatifid to within 3 mm. of the costa in the basal part, the costal wing 
gradually broader outward, 5 to 6 mm. wide on each side below the acute or short- 
acuminate apex; costa elevated on both surfaces, stout, glabrous and yellowish above, 
below closely invested with a minute whitish-arachnoid covering, soon glabrescent, 
toward the base bearing a few deciduous broad whitish darker centered coarsely erose 
flaccid scales; basal pinnz shorter and narrower, about 20 cm. long, strongly deflexed, 
the segments more or less unequal; segments of middle pinne about 20 to 23 pairs, 
linear-oblong, long-acuminate, 12 to 15 mm. broad at the slightly dilatate base, 8 to 12 
mm. broad at the middle, falcate toward the apex, separated by rather narrow acutish 
sinuses, the segments 3 to 6 mm. apart at their middle; margins plane or slightly 
revolute, subentire to lightly undulate-serrate, only the subcaudate apices con- 
spicuously crenate-serrate; costules prominent, similar to the cost, not paleaceous 
below; veins free, prominent, glabrous above, nearly so below, about 16 pairs below 
the apex of the segment, the lowermost one to three times forked (the basal branch 
strongly arcuate, extending to the sinus, soriferous about midway between the costa 
and sinus), those above mostly twice-forked near the base, oblique, the branches 
divergent, relatively distant, mostly soriferous (the middle one beyond the others), 
the large sori thus borne in an irregular nearly medial line falling short of the apex of 
the segment by 1 to 2cm., the individual sori approximate but usually not continuous; 
indusium membranous, semicircular, ample, 2 or 3-parted, the lobes large, bullate, 
with irregular margins; receptacle globose-capiiate, squamulose-pilose; leaf tissue as 
in H. arachnotidea. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 575817, collected on a wet slope, in 
partial shade, vicinity of La Palma, Costa Rica, altitude 1,450 to 1,550 meters, May 6 to 
8, 1906, by William R. Maxon (no. 451). 

Known only from the interior mountain region of Costa Rica, at elevations of from 
1,185 to 1,550 meters, but apparently common. The following additional specimens 
are in the National Herbarium: 

Costa Rica: Same data of locality as the type, Maxon 382. Forests of Juan 
Vifias, Pittier 1837. La Palma, Tonduz 12532; Brade 102. 


‘Baker in Mart. Fl. Bras.12: 312. 1870. 


PLATE 22, 


HEMITELIA APICULATA HOOK. 


MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 35 


sinus, rather close, separated by narrow acute or acutish sinuses, the margins minutely 
revolute, subentire or toward the subobtuse or obtuse apices minutely but distinctly 
crenulate-serrate; costules elevated, glabrous above, below stouter and deciduously 
grayish to brownish furfuraceo-paleaceous at the base; veins free, 19 to 23 pairs to 
the segment, once-forked or one of the branches again forked, in the case of the lower 
veins the first fork close to the costule, the branches soriferous about halfway to the 
sinus; most of the veins forked about | mm. from the costule, the branches strongly 
elevated, very close, oblique, glabrous above, nearly so below, mostly soriferous at or 
just above the base; sori large, numerous, about 25 to 35 on each side of the costule, 
closely crowded, forming a dense usually uniserrate line much nearer to the costule 
than to the margin; indusium membranous, yellowish brown, semicircular, irregu- 
larly lobate-saccate, erose; receptacle globose, setiferous; leaf tissue herbaceous, dark 
green and sublustrous above, yellowish green and paler below. 

Hemitelia mutica, which appears to be confined to Costa Rica, was founded by 
Christ upon several specimens, the first cited being from Turrialba, altitude 850 meters, 
collected by Wercklé. This, which is here figured from fragmentary specimens 
courteously forwarded by Doctor Christ, may stand as the type. The relationship is 
with J. arachnoidea. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 21.—See p. 34. 


9. Hemitelia apiculata Hook. in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 29. 1868. Prats 22. 

Rhizome, stipe, and length of lamina unknown; lamina 35 to 50 cm. broad, the 
pinnze inserted 4 to 5 cm. apart, slightly ascending, opposite, sessile, narrowly oblong- 
lanceolate, not narrowed at the base, 18 to 30 cm. long, 2.5 to 4.5 cm. broad below the 
gradually long-acuminate apex, pinnatifid throughout from two-thirds to nearly four- 
fifths the distance to the costa, the costa stout, stramineous, prominent on both sur- 
faces, glabrous above, essentially so below; segments 30 pairs or more, close, separated 
by very acute linear sinuses, slightly oblique, elongate-oblong, 7 to 9 mm. broad, dis- 
tinctly but lightly falcate in the outer half, the apices acuminate and sharply aristate, 
the margins everywhere lightly revolute, distantly subserrulate, the yellowish costules 
glabrous and distinctly elevated upon both surfaces; inferior basal segments sometimes 
broader and coarsely incised upon the proximal margin; veins free, 12 to 14 pairs, 
oblique, distinct, elevated, glabrous, almost invariably once-forked near the base (or 
rarely again forked), each branch goriferous about two-thirds or three-fourths the dis- 
tance to the margin or beyond, the sori forming a single line; sori rather small, apart; 
indusium small, narrow or broadly ovate, simple, cucullate, yellowish brown, recep- 
tacle cylindric-globose, short, setiferous; leaf tissue herbaceous, scarcely lustrous, 
much paler below. 

Type Locatiry: Mexico (Sierra San Pedro Nolasco, Talea, etc.), 1843-44, C. Jiir- 
gensen 873. 

Distripution: Apparently confined to Mexico; ascribed to Brazil in error. 

Hooker’s remark, following his description of this species in the Synopsis Filicum, 
is as follows: ‘Hab. Mexico and Brazil.—My specimen of 5 pairs of pinne, partially 
fertile, has very much the appearance of H. (Euhemitelia) grandifolia; but the lobes 
are submucronate and pungent at the apex, and the veins are everywhere quite free.”’ 
The Mexican plant here referred to is Jiirgensen’s 873 (sometimes written 273), and 
plate 22 is from a photograph of Hooker’s “specimen of 5 pinnx,”’ which is now in the 
Kew Herbarium. Doctor Underwood states (in MS.) that he was unable to find any 
Brazilian material under this name at Kew, but a memorandum from the Director of 
the Royal Gardens, dated January 1, 1910, contains the statement that ‘the species is 
represented at Kew by the following specimens only—Mexico, Jtirgensen 273; Brazil 
Burchell 2527, Glaziou 2420.” 

From the foregoing it will be evident that Hooker’s description was drawn with 
especial reference to Jiirgensen’s 873; that the Brazilian reference was included inci- 


32870°—12——2 


36 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


dentally or perhaps subsequently, either by him or by Mr. Baker; and that Jiirgensen’s 
873 must stand as the actual type of the species. Baker in the Flora Brasiliensis! 
later modified the description and cited Brazilian specimens (Burcheil 2527 and Glaziou 
2420) in addition to the Mexican plant. The writer has not seen the Burchell plant; 
but Glaziow 2420, of which the National Herbarium has a fragmentary specimen, is 
much larger than the Mexican plant and represents a species of no particularly close 
alliance to it. Unless the Burchell specimen is of the same species as the Mexican 
which is exceedingly unlikely), the range of 1. apiculata must include at present 
only Mexico, where, as it appears, the species has not been re-collected since Jiirgen- 
sen’s time. 

In several respects H. apiculata is unique, but especially in its pungent segments 
and in the position of the sori, the last a character which may be observed very well 
in plate 22. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 22.—Type specimen, Jiirgensen 873, in herb. Kew. Atabout two-thirds natural 
slze. 

10. Hemitelia subglabra (Underw.) Maxon, sp. nov. PLATE 19, b, 

Cnemidaria subglabra Underw. MS. 

Caudex unknown; frond 2 to 3 meters long; stipes rather stout, 60 cm. or more long, 
olivaceous to pale brownish, scantily short-aculeolate, eventually tuberculate, very 
sparingly paleaceous, the scales with black centers and whitish erose margins; rachis 
similar, muricate toward the base, more or less deeply sulcate on all sides, scantily 
and deciduously paleaceous; pinne ample, subopposite, inserted 8 to 12 em. apart on 
each side, oblong-lanceolate, 30 to 35 em. long, 7 to 10 cm. broad, divergent, sessile or 
short-petiolate, slightly narrowed at the rounded inequilateral base, deeply and 
subequally pinnatifid to within 3 mm. of the costa in the basal part, the costal wing 
gradually broader outward, 5 to 6 mm. wide on each side below the acute or short- 
acuminate apex; costa elevated on both surfaces, stout, glabrous and yellowish above, 
below closely invested with a minute whitish-arachnoid covering, soon glabrescent, 
toward the base bearing a few deciduous broad whitish darker centered coarsely erose 
flaccid scales; basal pinnz shorter and narrower, about 20 cm. long, strongly deflexed, 
the segments more or less unequal; segments of middle pinne about 20 to 23 pairs, 
linear-oblong, long-acuminate, 12 to 15 mm. broad at the slightly dilatate base, 8 to 12 
mm. broad at the middle, falcate toward the apex, separated by rather narrow acutish 
sinuses, the segments 3 to 6 mm. apart at their middle; margins plane or slightly 
revolute, subentire to lightly undulate-serrate, only the subcaudate apices con- 
spicuously crenate-serrate; costules prominent, similar to the coste, not paleaceous 
below; veins free, prominent, glabrous above, nearly so below, about 16 pairs below 
the apex of the segment, the lowermost one to three times forked (the basal branch 
strongly arcuate, extending to the sinus, soriferous about midway between the costa 
and sinus), those above mostly twice-forked near the base, oblique, the branches 
divergent, relatively distant, mostly soriferous (the middle one beyond the others), 
the large sori thus borne in an irregular nearly medial line falling short of the apex of 
the segment by 1 to 2. em., the individual sori approximate but usually not continuous; 
indusium membranous, semicircular, ample, 2 or 3-parted, the lobes large, bullate, 
with irregular margins; receptacle globose-capiiate, squamulose-pilose; leaf tissue as 
in LH. arachnotidea. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 575817, collected on a wet slope, in 
partial shade, vicinity of La Palma, Costa Rica, altitude 1,450 to 1,550 meters, May 6 to 
8, 1906, by William R. Maxon (no. 451). 

Known only from the interior mountain region of Costa Rica, at elevations of from 
1,135 to 1,550 meters, but apparently common. The following additional specimens 
are in the National Herbarium: 

Costa Rica: Same data of locality as the type, Mazon 382. Forests of Juan 
Vifias, Pittier 1837. La Palma, Tonduz 12532; Brade 102. 


‘ Baker in Mart. Fl. Bras.12: 312. 1870. 


Contr, Nat, Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 23. 


HEMITELIA GRANDIS MAXON. 


MAXON—-STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 37 


Superficially H. subglabra bears a certain resemblance to H horrida of the West 
Indies, which, however, is not free-veined; hence Mr. Pittier’s 1837 was so determined 
by Bommer. But there is no apparent reason for the previous determination of 
Tonduz’ 12532 as H. apiculata, except that the species of this group as a whole have 
been greatly neglected and the few names applied very loosely. Brade’s 102 bears 
the name Hemitelia grandifolia in Doctor Christ’s hand. The species is apparently 
very distinct from other members of the genus and finds its nearest ally in H. grandis, 
from which it may be distinguished by the key characters. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 19.—See p. 33. 


11. Hemitelia grandis Maxon, sp. nov. PLATE 23. 

Caudex aborescent, ascending, about 75 cm. long; fronds wide-spreading, about 
3 meters long; stipe stout, olivaceous to pale brown, freely short-aculeate on the 
convex lower side, sulcate above and bearing numerous lanceolate long-acuminate 
scales, 1.5 to 2cm. long, with shining dark brown centers and whitish scarious margins; 
lamina very ample, 120 to 140 cm. broad at the middle, very deeply bipinnatifid or 
(as to the largest pinne) fully bipinnate, the rachis very stout, short-aculeolate, 
muricate upward or smoothish, deciduously and closely whitish-araneose, sparingly 
paleaceous; pinne sessile, mostly alternate, lanceolate, the larger middle ones 75 cm. 
long, 20 to 22 cm. broad from the middle nearly to the rounded slightly narrower 
base, in the basal third cut to the costa and upward nearly to the costa, the costal 
wing 1 to 2mm. broad on each side at the middle of the pinna, 3 to 5 mm. broad on 
each side below the crenately lobed or ultimately crenate-serrate acuminate apex, 
the costa sulcate and glabrous above, below stout (2.5 to 3 mm. broad), convex, 
yellowish brown, smoothish, minutely and closely whitish-araneose and deciduously 
paleaceous toward the base, the scales ample, ovate, flaccid, dirty white, with darker 
bases; segments (or pinnules) of the larger pinne about 28 pairs, alternate, deltoid- 
lanceolate, falcate, the larger ones 10 to 11 cm. long, 2 to 2.3 cm. broad just above 
the obtusely cuneate adnate base, about 18 mm. broad at the middle (the inferior 
basal one about 6 cm. long), the sixth to the tenth pairs hghtly decurrent, beyond 
this connected by a conspicuous costal wing; all but the uppermost pinnules deeply 
crenate or crenately lobed (the lobes or crenations about 4.5 to 6 mm. broad, mostly 
shorter than broad), gradually serrate-crenate toward the linear-caudate apex, the 
costules glabrous above, below whitish-araneose, glabrescent; veins all free, about 
20 pairs, divergent, slightly elevated, glabrescent, with about 4 to 8 pairs of very 
oblique, mostly simple pinnately arranged branches, these appressed-setulose below 
and soriferous below their middle (or the upper ones soriferous close to the vein), 
the rather large sori thus borne in distinct but contiguous rounded-angular groups 
(comprising 4 to 8 pairs of sori each) in a nearly medial zone between the costule and 
the crenate margins; indusia very ample, membranous, 2 or 3-lobate, the lobes irregu- 
larly erose, spreading with age and shallow; receptacle elongate-capitate, setiferous; 
leaf tissue rigidly herbaceous, very dark green and lustrous above, sublustrous and 
much paler below. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, nos. 575746 and 575747 (comprising a large 
middle pinna in two sections), collected in a humid forest ravine, vicinity of Coli- 
blanco, lower slopes of the volcano Turrialba, Costa Rica, altitude about 1,950 meters, 
April 30, 1906, by William R. Maxon (no. 307). 

To be compared only with /. subglabra, from which it differs for the most part in 
those characters which would naturally be correlated with its much greater size. 
The pinnate arrangement of the ultimate veins is a noteworthy character, Additional 
Costa Rican specimens (without definite locality), collected by Wercklé, have been 
received from Doctor Christ under the names H. horrida and //, apiculata. The species 
was collected in Costa Rica also by J. J. Cooper and determined by Baker as /. horrida. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 23.—Section from lower third ofa large pinnaofthe typespecimen. Natural size. 


38 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


12. Hemitelia petiolata Hook. Sp. Fil. 1:31. 1844. 

Type Locauiry: Isthmus of Panama, Sinclair. 

Disrripution: Republic of Panama (several collectors); reported! also from the 
island of Gorgona, Colombia, 

Intustrations: Hook, loc. cit. pl. 16. 

Hooker’s short description is supplemented by so excellent a plate that there is no 
need of here redescribing the species, particularly since it is not very closely allied to 
any other. The species was observed by the writer at several localities in the low- 
lands of the Isthmus of Panama and is probably an abundant species there. The fol- 
lowing specimens are in the U. 8. National Herbarium. 

PanaMA: Near Bismark, Rk. S. Williams 512. Without definite locality, Hayes 
7. Chagres, Fendler 417. Hilly forest around the Agua Clara Reservoir, 
near Gatun, Canal Zone, altitude 20 to 30 meters, Maron 4645. Valley of 
the Masamhi, on the road to Las Cascadas Plantation, Canal Zone, altitude 
20 to 100 meters, Mazon 4684. Forest near Porto Bello, Province of Colon, 
altitude 5 to 200 meters, Maxon 5769. 


13. Hemitelia decurrens Liebm. Vid. Selsk, Skr. V. 1: 285. 1849. 

Hemistegia decurrens Fourn, Mex. Pl. 1: 135. 1872. 

Caudex 30 cm. high, or less; fronds 1 meter or more long; stipe about 30 cm. long, 
armed with short spines toward the base, above (together with the rachis) arachnoid- 
pubescent, compressed, sulcate ventrally, narrowly membranaceo-alate laterally, 
with slender scattered whitish falcate scales, or those toward the base of the stipe 
broader, more rigid, and brownish margined; lamina ovate-lanceolate, about 75 em. 
long, 20 to 23 cm. broad, simply pinnate; pinnee about 20 pairs or fewer, subopposi'e 
or alternate, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 12 to 15 cm. long, 2.5 10 3. cm. broad, straight 
or slightly falcate, the uppermost fully adnate and confluent, those below ascending, 
unequally cuneate, constricted, semiadnate and obliquely cuneate at the upper sid>, 
obtusely and abruptly constricted below and long-decurrent, a narrow decreasing 
foliaceous wing (1 to 4 mm. broad) extending downward upon each side of the rachis 
(above) to the pinna next below; characteristic middle pinne subsessile, spreading, 
unequally and obtusely cuneate, the short petiolule distinctly foliaceo-marginate, tt.e 
decurrent wing about 2 mm, broad at origin, narrowed downward; coste elevated, 
yellowish, sparingly clothed toward the base below with whitish membranous, rounded 
or ovate, erose scales; margins remotely and lightly crenate-serrate, the teeth at the 
middle of the pinne about 6 to 8 mm. broad and | mm, long; main veins about 25 pairs 
or fewer, oblique, 5 to 9 mm. apart, clevated below, slender, with about 4 pairs of 
similar veinlets, the basal ones of adjacent groups joined by an obliquely transverse 
veinlet (forming a narrowly pentagonal elongate costal areole, cuneate proximally, 
much broader distally), then excurrent toward the margin, one or both extending to 
the minute sinus; other veinlets very oblique, nearly parallel, excurrent to the margin; 
sori few, occupying a slightly inframedial zone between the costa and the margin, in 
the partially infertile specimen at hand confined to the basal veinlets (above the areole 
and distant about 2 mm. from it) and the second pair of veinlets; indusium proximal, 
whitish, lobate, erose; leaf tissue rigidly membrano-herbaceous, lustrous above, pale 
below. 

Tyre Locauity: Mountain forests near Lobani, District of Chinantla, Oaxaca, 
Mexico, altitude 900 to 1,050 meters, Liehbmann. 

DisTRIBUTION: Known only from Oaxaca, 

The material at hand, which was received from Copenhagen, comprises a short sec- 
tion of the rachis, to which are attached the fourth pair of pinnae, With this was sent 
by Mr. Christensen a sketch of the upper pinne showing the decurrent wings which 
extend along the rachis. It is sufficient to establish the validity of the species, which 
must be reckoned one of the most peculiar in the genus, 


1 Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 28. 1868. 


Contr, Nat. Herp, You. 16, PLaTe 24. 


Four SPECIES OF HEMITELIA. 


MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS, 39 


14. Hemitelia mexicana Liebm. Vid. Selsk. Skr. V. 1: 287. 1849. Pate 24, b. 

Hemistegia mexicana Fourn, Mex. Pl, 1: 135. 1872. 

Caudex about 30 cm. high; fronds 1.8 to 2.25 meters long; stipe 30 to 45 cm, _ long, 
squamulose, at length glabrescent, toward the base very minutely aculeolate; lamina 
broadly lanceolate, 1.5 to 1.8 meters long, 45 cm. or more broad, simply pinnate, 
acuminate; pinne numerous, alternate, oblique, linear, about 30 cm. long, 2.5 to 3 
em. broad, straight or slightly falcate, sessile, not narrowed at the inequilateral base, 
obliquely truncate at the upper side, rounded below, deeply crenate about one-third 
the distance to the costa at the base, about one-fourth the distance to the costa (or 
less) at the middle, only the outer fourth obliquely and broadly crenate-serrate, the 
apex appressed-serrulate; major crenations 3 to 5 mm. long, 5 to 7 mm. broad at the 
base, rounded-subtruncate, short-apiculate distally, the margins minutely revolute, 
entire; cost elevated, greenish brown, glabrescent, a very few minute flattish yel- 
lowish scales subpersistent at the sides; main veins 50 pairs, nearly at right angles, 
4 to 7 mm. apart, elevated, very slender, with 5 to 8 pairs of simple oblique arcuate 
veinlets, the basal of these usually joined by a transverse veinlet, then (one or both) 
excurrent to the sharply acute sinus, the other veinlets also extending to the margin, 
but mostly beyond the sinus; veins and veinlets minutely squamulose-setiferous; 
areoles relatively broad, ample, subhexagonal, broadest distally; sori 2 or 3 pairs to 
each group of veinlets, occupying a slightly inframedial zone between the costa and 
margin of the pinne; indusium light brown, semicircular or commonly suborbicular, 
crenately 3 to 6 lobed, the lobes repand-pateriform, reflexed; receptacle capitate, 
squamulose; leaf tissue membrano-herbaceous, dark shining green above, lighter 
below. 

Type LocaLity: Mountain forests near Cacolé (printed Cacoba, in error), District 
of Chinantla, Oaxaca, Mexico, altitude 750 to 900 meters, Iiebmann. 

DistRIBUTION: Known definitely only from the original collection. 

The above description is drawn partly from two middle pinne (with a portion of 
the rachis) of the type specimens, which have been received from the Botanisk 
Museum, Copenhagen, through the kindness of Mr. Carl Christensen; and partly 
from Liebmann’s original diagnosis. The species is well marked and will probably 
be found not uncommon in the mountainous districts of Oaxaca at mid-elevations. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 24.—Portions of characteristic pinne (a) of type specimen of Hemitelia guate- 
malensis; (b) of type specimen of H. mezicana; (c) from type collection of H. (wcida; (d) of type specimen 
of H. choricarpa. All natural size. 

15. Hemitelia lucida (I*ée) Maxon. PLATE 24, ¢. 

Hemistegia lucida Fée, Gen, Fil. 351, 1850-52. 

Caudex undescribed; stipe very stout, somewhat spiny, paleaceo-furfuraceous; 
lamina (estimated) about 2 meters long, apparently ovate-oblong, about 80 cm. 
broad near the middle, 40 em. broad at the base; pinnsze numerous, divergent, the 
larger ones about 8 cm, apart on each side, ligulate-lanceolate, straight or upwardly 
faleate, up to 45 cm. long, 3.5 to 4.2 em, broad, serrate to serrulate at the gradually 
tapering, long-acuminate apex, elsewhere crenate to crenately lobed; principal cre- 
nations or lobes 28 to 34 pairs, rounded, 9 to 12 mm. broad at the sinuses, less than 
one-half as long, rounded, directed forw ard and subrectangular at the distal border, 
the sinuses obliquely triangular, open and acute, the margins subentire, minutely 
revolute; coste elevated, glabrous above, nearly glabrous below, there bearing a few 
minute deciduous dirty white scales; midveins (or costules) divergent from the 
costa, subopposite to alternate, 9 to 10 mm, apart on each side, elevated, glabrous 
upon both surfaces, discontinuous (7. e., forked) at the apex of the lobes, below this 
nearly straight; veinlets 5 to 9 pairs, oblique, simple, the lowermost ones of adjacent 
crenations joined by a transverse veinlet (this distant 2 to 2.5 mm. from the costa), 
then immediately soriferous and produced, commonly joining the second oblique 
vein of the same group at a point about one-half the distance to the sinus (or beyond) 


40 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


at an acute angle; third pair of veins usually free and excurrent to or above the sinus; 
succeeding veins free, closer, extending to the margin above the sinus; sori 4 to 9 
pairs, large, the basal ones 3 to 4 mm. distant from the midvein and 2 to 3 mm, from 
the costa, those above gradually approaching the midvein, the uppermost. basal upon 
the veinlets, the sori of each lobe or crenation thus borne in an elongate A-shaped line; 
indusium ample, irregularly repand-lobate, the lobes shallow and reflexed: recep- 
tacle relatively large, globose, squamulose-setiferous; leaf tissue membrano-herba- 
ceous, dark green and shining above, much paler below. 

Typx Locauity: District of Chinantla, Oaxaca, Mexico, altitude about 2,000 meters, 

DisrriBuTION: Known only from the original collection, Galeotti 6537. 

Fée’s original diagnosis is very incomplete and has afforded scant data for the 
above redescription, which is based almost wholly upon material of the type col- 
lection forwarded to the U, 8, National Museum from Brussels by Professor de Willde- 
man. This species is obviously related to H. guatemalensis, but appears to differ 
constantly in its deeper crenations and the very frequent junction of the first and 
second veinlets of each group at an acute angle below the sinus. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 24.—See p. 39. 


16. Hemitelia guatemalensis Maxon, sp. nov. ; Pate 24, a, 

Caudex and stipe wanting; lamina ample, presumably about 2 meters long, at least 
60 cm. broad, the apex very abruptly short-acuminate, the rachis stout, 6 to 8 mm, 
broad, firm, compressed, narrowly canaliculate ventrally, brownish, closely grayish 
squamulose-pubescent; pinnz alternate, spaced, divergent, faleate and decurved, 
ligulate-lanceolate, the larger ones about 32 cm. long, 3 to 3.5 em. broad, sessile 
or stoutly short-petiolate, slightly narrowed at the unequally rounded subcordate 
base, or obtusely cuneate at the upper side, irregularly and obliquely crenate nearly 
throughout, only the apical fourth serrate, gradually serrulate at the long-acuminate 
apex; crenations 2 mm. or rarely 3 mm. long, 6.to 8 (casually 10) mm. broad at the 
base, rounded, acutish distally, the margins entire, closely revolute, the sinuses 
acute or acutish; costae very stout, elevated upon both sides, below similar to the 
rachis, above (together with the veins, veinlets, and leaf tissue above) glabrous; main 
veins about 40 pairs, the venation (including areolation) otherwise similar to that of 
H, mexicana, except as to the number of veinlets (these 4 to 6 pairs to each group); 
sori 4 to 6 pairs, distinctly inframedial upon the véinlets; indusium light brown, irregu- 
larly semicircular, 2 or 3-lobate, the lobes pateriform; receptacle elongate-capitate, 
minutely squamulose-pubescent; leaf tissue rigidly membrano-herbaceous, light green 
and lucid above, very much paler below. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 830363, collected in Guatemala by O. 
Salvin (without number), distributed from the Royal Gardens, Kew, as H. subincisa. 

Hemitelia guatemalensis is to be compared with H. mericana and H. lucida. Only 
the type specimens have been seen. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 24.—See p, 39. 


17. Hemitelia choricarpa Maxon, sp. nov. PLATE 24, d. 

Caudex and stipe wanting; lamina apparently about 1.5 meters long, 40 to 50 em. 
broad, pinnate, acuminate, the rachis very firm, rather slender, yellowish brown, 
sharply bicarinate-sulcate and glabrous above, the under surface loosely crispate- 
tomentulose, the persistent whitish or yellowish hairs short and somewhat spreading; 
pinne subopposite to nearly alternate, 5 to 6 cm. apart on each side, oblong-linear, ses- 
sile, the upper ones ascending, obtusely and subequally cuneate or at. the upper side 
slightly excavate; middle pinne divaricate or ascending, rounded-truncate or sub- 
cordate at the base, 27 to 32 cm. long, 3.5 to 4 cm. broad, pinnately lobed at the base 
about one-half the distance to the costa, above this (and nearly throughout) about two- 
fifths the distance to the costa, beyond this crenate, the acuminate-attenuate extremity 
obscurely serrulate; costee conspicuously elevated on both surfaces, glabrous above, 


PLATE 25. 


16, 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 


HEMITELIA GRANDIFOLIA WILLD. 


MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 41 


below crispate-tomentulose, glabrescent; major lobes about 27 to 32 pairs, subequal, 
7 to 9 mm. broad at the base, obtuse, close, separated by narrow nearly closed sinuses, 
the margins slightly revolute, subentire, the costules elevated, arcuate toward theapex, 
glabrous above, glabrate below; veins 10 to 14 pairs to the lobe, oblique, the lowermost 
ones of adjacent segments joined by a transverse veinlet (forming a narrow elliptical 
areole), with 1 or 2 veinlets irregularly soriferous and excurrent to the sinus, there 
meeting the two basal veins, the other veins simple or mostly once-forked below the 
middle, soriferous at or below the fork or rarely (in the case of the lower veins) beyond 
the fork; sori distinctly apart, forming a slightly inframedial line extending from below 
the apex downward nearly to the costa, there joining the sori of the adjacent lobe ata 
point remote from the sinus, thus forming one end ofa nearly perfect ellipse; indusium 
ample, membranous, semicircular in outline, 2 or 3-lobed, the lobes shallow, spreading, 
irregular; receptacle capitate, setiferous; leaf tissue membrano-herbaceous, dark and 
lustrous above, paler below. 

Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, no. 830322; collected in forest near Buenos 
Aires, Costa Rica, February, 1892, by H. Pittier (no. 4835). 

Hemitelia choricarpa is apparently confined to Costa Rica, the only other specimens 
seen being from Cafias Gordas, altitude 1,100 meters, March, 1897, Pittier 10966. The 
characters depended upon in the key to distinguish it from related species are diag- 
nostic, 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 24,—See p. 39. 


18. Hemitelia grandifolia (Willd.) Spreng. Syst. Veg. 4: 125. 1827. = PLaTE 25, 

Cyathea grandifolia Willd, Sp. Pl. 5: 490, 1810. 

Hemitelia imrayana Wook. Icon. Pl. 7: pl. 669. 1844. 

Hemitelia horrida imrayana Hook. in Hook, & Baker, Syn. Fil. 28, 1868. 

Hemistegia willdenovit Fée, Gen, Fil, 351. 1850-52. 

Microstegnus grandifolius Presl, Abh. Béhm, Ges, Wiss, V. 5: 354. 1848. 

Hemistegia insignis Fée, Mém,. Foug. 11:99. 1866. 

Hemitelia insignis C, Chr. Index Fil. 349. 1905, 

Caudex arborescent, erect, frequently 4 to 5 meters high, about 10 cm. in diameter, 
at the base (with its copious covering of brownish flexuous adventive roots) about 
15 cm. in diameter, densely clothed at the summit with whitish lanceolate scales; 
fronds ascending, arching, up to 1.7 meters long, the stipes very stout, more or less 
imbricate, adnate or ascending close to the caudex, whitish-paleaceous at. the base, 
eventually deciduous, leaving definite spaced quincuncially arranged elongate-oval 
scars; lamina ample, ovate, 1 to 1.25 meters long or more, 60 to 80 cm. broad, short- 
acuminate, the rachis very stout, yellowish brown, distantly muricate to smooth, 
convex or lightly sulcate on the lower side, on the upper side (at least in the lower 
part) deeply and narrowly sulcate, the ridges rounded, each similarly sulcate at the 
outer side; scales of the rachis deciduous, ovate or deltoid-ovate, long-acuminate, 
whitish, with a bright brown median stripe, finely erose; pinnze opposite or suboppo- 
site, the lowermost somewhat deflexed, ovate-lanceolate, about 25 cm. long; middle 
pinne spreading, 8 to 10 cm. apart on each side, very narrowly deltoid-lanceolate to 
narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 30 to 40 cm. long, 6 to 11.5 cm. broad, sessile, scarcely or 
not at all reduced at the base, at the lower side strongly imbricate upon the rachis, 
close above, pinnatifid nearly to the costa, or the basal segments free, above this the 
segments connected by a narrow gradually increasing costal wing 2 to 4 mm. broad or 
finally about 4 to 6 mm. broad on each side below the crenate-serrate, ultimately 
biserrate, acuminate apex; costs very stout, yellowish brown to castaneous, glabrous 
above, below (especially toward the base) freely paleaceous, the scales similar to those 
of the rachis but smaller and relatively broader, the brownish median stripe often 
obsolete; segments adjacent or somewhat apart, 25 to 34 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, 
sometimes dilatate, the inferior basal one often reduced, inequilateral, and invariably 


42 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


clasping the rachis, the others falcate or subfalcate, 3 to 6 cm. long, 12 to 16 mm. broad 
at the sinuses, slightly narrower above, the margins lightly revolute, obliquely crenate 
to deeply crenate-serrate (in very large specimens), crenate-serrulate at the acuminate 
to long-acuminate apex; costules elevated, bearing numerous small white bullate 
scales in the lower part below, otherwise glabrous; veins 15 to 20 pairs below the apex, 
minutely setulose, subpinnately forked (with about 2 to 4 pairs of branches) or 2 to 
5-forked, the branches oblique, arcuate, soriferous toward their extremities; lower- 
most branches of basal veins of adjacent segments usually joined by a transverse 
veinlet, forming a narrowly elongate costal areole; basal branches of veins in the basal 
third of the segment also infrequently joined similarly, forming relatively broad costu- 
lar areoles; sori rather small, biseriate and slightly supramedial, or in larger segments 
forming a continuous regular and deeply crenate line about 1 to 2 mm. distant from 
the margin; indusium bright brown, simple or 2 or 3-lobed, the margins uneven to 
lacerate; receptacle capitate to subcylindric, setose; leaf tissue firmly herbaceous, 
lustrous, often discolored in drying, dark above, much lighter below. 

Type LocaLiry: Martinique (herb, Willd. 20167). 

DistriBuTION: Apparently confined to the Lesser Antilles—Dominica, Martinique, 
Guadeloupe, Montserrat, and St. Kitts—at 300 to 1,200 meters elevation. 

Intusrrations: Hook. Icon. Pl. pl. 669 (as Hemitelia imrayana), Fée, loc. cit. pl. 26 
(as Hemistegia insignis). 

The following specimens are in the U. 8. National Herbarium: 

MARTINIQUE: Duss ! 1605 (as H. horrida); Duss 4435 (as Hemitelia sp.); Duss 4605 
(as H. grandifolia). 

GUADELOUPE: Duss 4154 (as H. grandifolia); Duss 4155 (as H. horrida); Duss 4449 
(as H. insignis); Duss 4451, 4452 (as Hemitelia sp.). 

Dominica: In forests, Laudat, Eggers 867; Laudat, Lloyd 263. 

Sr. Krrrs: Forested slopes of Mount Misery, Britton & Cowell 510. 

MonTserRRAT: Chauers Mountain, altitude 600 meters, Shafer 283. Without 
locality, Turner. 

The taxonomic history of this species, which is rather complicated, is briefly as— 
follows: 

(1) Grandifolia. The species was first described as Cyathea grandifolia by Willdenow 
who cited Plumier’s plate 20 and Petiver’s plate 2, figure 10, and gave as the sole 
locality Martinique. If we are to interpret the species wholly upon the basis of the 
illustrations cited the name will apply to no other species than that described later by 
Kunze as H. kohautiana, the type of which (Sieber’s 375, from Martinique) will be 
seen (PI. 26) to agree closely with Plumier’s plate 20, the latter also representing a 
Martinique plant. But there is in this instance a Willdenovian type specimen (herb. 
Willd., no. 20167) of the species grandifolia; and this, by a careful reading of the original 
description and especially of the part describing the acuminate segments, will be 
seen to have served for the really diagnostic features of the description. It seems 
far preferable, therefore, to give greater weight to the specimen than to the figures 
cited; and this even though a later writer, Pres], has confused the matter by stating ? 
(by implication) that Willdenow’s type was from Caracas, collected by Bredemeyer. 
The Willdenow specimen (no. 20167) shows no such data,? and there is far better 
reason to credit Willdenow’s statement than Presl’s. The other locality cited by 
Pres] for his Microstegnus grandifolius is Mount Misery, St. Kitts, the specimen col- 
lected by Breutel. This the writer has not seen; but specimens collected on this 


1 The Duss numbers frequently embrace more than one species. The numbers here 
listed apply only to specimens in the National Herbarium. 

? Loc. cit., 354, in describing Microstegnus grandifolius. 

* Professor Urban writes that it has merely the following locality data: ‘‘Habitat 
in America calidiore.”’ 


MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 43 


mountain by Britton and Cowell (no. 510, in 1901) are evidently not specifically dif- 
ferent from the fragment of Willdenow’s type (no. 20167) shown in plate 25, a; and there 
is, therefore, on grounds of geographic distribution a strong presumption that Presl 
was in error as to the origin of the Willdenow specimen. 

Fée’s change of name for the plant to Hemistegia willdenovii was made purely 
from a supposed nomenclatorial difficulty, arising from his desire to retain both Micro- 
stegnus grandifolius Presl and Hemistegia grandifolia Presl (‘‘Hemitelia grandtfolia 
Hook.’’) in the same genus; unfortunately he in error chose the true grandifolia for 
renaming. 

(2) Imrayana. Described from Dominica by Hooker on plants collected by Doctor 
Imray. A specimen at hand from this island differs in no essential particular from 
more copious material from Guadeloupe and Martinique. 

(3) Insignis. A name applied by Fée to specimens collected by l’Herminier in 
Guadeloupe. A considerable number of specimens from Guadeloupe and Martinique 
give us our best idea of this species. They are clearly of the same species as Will- 
denow’s type. 

Hemitelia grandifolia is sufficiently distinct from H. kohautiana and H. obtusa by 
the data given in the key. This has been made as full as possible for the purpose of 
pointing out very definitely the characters by which these species, which have so 
long been confounded by nearly every writer, may be adequately distinguished. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 25.—a, Fragment from the type specimen, herb. Willdenow (no. 20167), from 


Martinique; b, tip of a small upper pinna of a Martinique specimen, Duss 1605; c, tip of a large lower 
pinna of a Guadeloupe specimen, Duss 4452. 


19. Hemitelia horrida (L.) R. Br.; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 125, 1827. 

Polypodium horridum L. Sp. Pl. 1092. 1753. 

Cyathea horrida J. E. Smith, Mem. Acad. Turin 5: 416. 1793. 

Cyathea commutata Spreng. Anleit. Kennt. Gewiichse 3: 146. 1804 (excluding all 

reference to Plumier). 

Cnemidaria horrida Presl, Tent. Pterid. 57. 1836. 

Actinophlebia horrida Presl, Abh. Béhm. Ges. Wiss. V. 5: 356. 1848. 

Hemistegia horrida Fée, Gen. Fil. 351. 1850-52. 

Hemitelia hookeri Presl, Abh. Béhm. Ges. Wiss. V. 5: 350. 1848. 

Hemitelia hookeriana Schlecht. Bot. Zeit. 14: 474. 1856. 

?Hemitelia acuminata Karst.; Schlecht. Bot. Zeit. 14: 474. 1856. 

Hemitelia commutata Schlecht. Bot. Zeit. 14: 474. 1856. 

Hemistegia repanda Fée, Gen. Fil. 351. 1850-52; Mém. Foug. 11: 98. 1866. 

Typge Locauiry: Near Port de Paix, Haiti, Plumier. 

DistRIBUTION: Santo Domingo, Jamaica, Cuba, Porto Rico, Costa Rica, and doubt- 
fully Colombia. 

InLusrrations: Plumier, Traité Foug. pl. 8; Spreng. loc. cit. pl. 4. f. 82; Hook. 
Sp. Fil. 1: pl. 15; Hook. & Bauer, Gen. Fil. pl. 4. 

A redescription of this species is scarcely necessary, inasmuch as it is common in 
the Greater Antilles and is doubtless well represented in all the larger herbaria. 
Scant material of H. horrida and a consequent failure to recognize the full extent of 
its variation were, however, responsible for a large amount of speculation and critical 
comment in earlier times. Thus, Presl in 1848 founded a new species, Hemitelia 
hookeri, (without description) upon plate 15 of Hooker’s Species Filicum and plate 4 
of his Genera Filicum, supposing these to illustrate a species distinct from H. horrida, 
whereas they represent a condition not infrequently observed in particularly robust 
individuals of that species. Presl cited also Venezuelan specimens collected by 
Linden (no. 1572); but if we regard his species as typified by plate 15, as seems proper, 
it becomes a straight synonym of H. horrida, whatever may be the identity of Lin- 
den’s no, 1572. 


44 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Schlechtendal published! in 1856 a very elaborate analysis of “‘H. horrida,” as 
understood by various writers and as evidenced by living specimens and the rela- 
tively small amount of herbarium material available. His conclusion was to recog- 
nize tentatively five specific forms as follows: 

“1. Hemitelia horrida R. Br.=Polypodium horridum Lin. Plum. Fil. p. 9. t. 8. 

Plum. Amer. p. 3. t. 4. 
2. Hemitelia commutata=Cyathea commutata Spreng. Einleit. in d. Stud. d., 
krypt. Gew. 8. 147. fig. 32. a. b. 
. Hemitelia hookeriana=H. horrida Wook. Spec. Filic. 1. p. 30. t. XV. excel. 
synon. 

4. Hemitelia Imrayana Hook. Tc. pl. t. 669. Sp. Filic. 1. p. 33. 

0. Hemitelia acuminata Karsten in litt.=H. horrida hortorum et nonnull. auct.’’ 

He suggested, however, that a better knowledge of these in the future might result 
in their recognition merely as forms of a single highly variable species. As to the 
status of these it may now be said that: (1) Plumier’s plate 8 (the type of Polypo- 
dium horridum 1.) shows crudely but unmistakeably the typical form of the West 
Indian plant known commonly as /emitelia horrida; (2) H. commutata (Spreng. ) 
Schlecht., leaving out all reference to Plumier’s plate 14 and judging the species by 
Schlechtendal’s own figure, is assuredly H. horrida; (3) H. hookeriana Schlecht. is 
only an extreme development of the ordinary West Indian J. horrida, matching 
perfectly certain material from Jamaica which apparently owes its form to unusually 
favorable conditions of growth; (4) I. imrayana Hook. is identical with H. insignis 
Fée, a Lesser Antilles species? which (see page 42) must be known under the still 
earlier name H. grandifolia (Willd.) Spreng.; and (5) HW. acuminata Schlecht. must 
be regarded as doubtfully a synonym of H. horrida. The original specimens of H, 
acuminata (a name first applied by Klotzsch) are said to have been collected near 
Galipan, Colombia, by Moritz (no. 290) and were listed? as Jf. horrida. These and 
Valentini’s Costa Rican specimens, mentioned by Schlechtendal,* have not been 
seen; but that 1. horrida really occurs in Costa Rica is evident to the writer from 
an examination of the two Costa Rican collections listed below, There is no reason 
to suppose that the species may not extend also to Colombia. The presence of scales, 
mentioned by Schlechtendal, suggests some doubt as to the reference of /7. acumi- 
nata to H. horrida, however; for in undoubted H. horrida the presence of any scales 
whatever, even in the most immature fronds, is exceedingly rare. Except for their 
very delicate, thin, and readily abraded whitish-tomentulose covering, the vascular 
parts of the pinnge are normally glabrous. Indeed, even the thin arachnoid covering 
is sometimes wholly wanting. 

rée’s Hemistegia repanda, as redescribed some fourteen years after its original 
publication, is without much doubt also referable to H. horrida. 

The following specimens are in the U. 8. National Herbarium: 

Santo Dominco: Near Barahona, altitude 600 meters, von Tiirckheim 2707. 
Loma Isabel de Torre, altitude 600 meters, Hggers 2738. Without definite 
locality, Jaeger 203. . 

Jamaica: Road to Mooretown, above Port Antonio, Underwood 3479. Near 
Castleton, Underwood 86. Near Port Antonio, Fredholm 3340. John Crow 
Mountains, Britton 3986; Iarris & Britton 10697, 10709. Cuna Cuna Gap, 
altitude 750 meters, Clute 266. Second Breakfast Spring, near Tweedside, 
altitude 600 meters, Maxon 869. Wet rocky banks of stream and ravines in 


ioe) 


' Bot. Zeit. 14: 449-454; 465-475. 1856. 

* Schlechtendal, in error, gives H. imrayana as from Santo Domingo, instead of 
from Dominica. 

3 Linnaea 20: 440. 1847. 

* Bot. Zeit. 14: 465. 1856. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16 PLATE 26. 


HEMITELIA KOHAUTIANA (PRESL) KUNZE 


MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 45 


forest, Mansfield, altitude 300 to 500 meters, Maxon 2387, 2456. Without 
definite locality, Hart 174. 

Cusa: Mountains near Taco Taco, Baker 3835. Arroyo Trinitario, Rio Negro, 
Trinidad Mountains, Santa Clara, altitude 550 meters, Britton & Britton 5187. 
El Yunque Mountain, near Baracoa, altitude 300 to 600 meters, Underwood & 
Earle 626; Pollard & Palmer 118, 154. Pinal de Santa Ana, Yateras, Oriente, 
altitude 800 meters, Eggers 5030. Upper slopes and summit of Gran Piedra, 
Oriente, altitude 900 to 1,200 meters, Maxon 4034. Josephina, north of Jaguey, 
Yateras, Oriente, altitude 575 meters, Maron 4104. Santa Ana, about 6 miles 
north of Jaguey, Yateras, Oriente, altitude 600 to 625 meters, Maxon 4187. 
Monte Verde, Yateras, Oriente, altitude 575 meters, Maxon 4336. Without 
definite locality, Wright 888. 

Porto Rico: Maricao, Sintenis 417. Mount Jimenez, Sierra de Luquillo, Sin- 
tenis 1507. Cayey, in forests, Sintenis 2490b. Adjuntas, in forests of Mount 
Cienega, Sintenis 4168. Lares, in forest at Buenos Aires, Sintenis 6088. 
Road from Utuado to Lares, Underwood & Griggs 71. Hacienda Perla, north 
side of Sierra de Luquillo, altitude 150 meters, Heller & Heller 1043. Mount 
Morales, near Utuado, Britton & Cowell 831. Near Mayaguez, Britton & 
Marble 551; Cowell 581. Barranquitas, Hioram 277. 

Costa Rica: Banks of a stream near Santa Barbara, Pittier 1679. Alajuela, alti- 
tude 900 meters, Alfaro 108. 


20. Hemitelia kohautiana (Presl) Kunze, Bot. Zeit. 2: 298. 1844. PLATE 26. 

Cnemidaria kohautiana Presl, Tent. Pterid. 57. 1836, name and figure. 

Hemistegia kohautiana Presl, Abh. Bohm. Ges. Wiss. V. 5: 355. 1848, name only. 

Hemistegia grandifolia Presl, Abh. Béhm. Ges. Wiss. V. 5: 355. 1848, in part, as to 
Plumier reference, not Hemitelia grandifolia (Willd.) Spreng. 1827. 

Low-arborescent, the caudex up to 1.4 meters long and closely covered (at least below) 
with long dark adventitious roots; fronds numerous; lamina ample, probably 1.5 meters 
long or more, about 60 cm. broad, deeply bipinnatifid, acuminate, the rachis stout, 
brownish-stramineous, deeply trisulcate above, lightly and obtusely sulcate below, 
conspicuously but deciduously paleaceous, the scales linear-lanceolate to elongate- 
deltoid, all very long-attenuate, finely erose-fimbriate, whitish, or the larger ones with 
a narrow bright brown median stripe; rachis also yellowish scabrid pilose below, very 
rough; pinnee opposite or nearly so, 5.5 to 7 cm. apart, very narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 
30 to 33 em. long, 4 to 5 cm. broad, spreading, sessile, not narrowed at the base, here 
slightly apart from the rachis at the upper side, subcordate below and either contigu- 
ous to the rachis or partially overlying it, deeply and almost equally pinnatifid through- 
out, the costal wing 4 to 5 mm. broad upon each side, scarcely broader below the 
crenate and ultimately serrulate acuminate apex; costa stout, yellowish brown, sul- 
cate and glabrous above, below faintly canaliculate, 1 to 2 mm. broad, copiously 
clothed with spaced spreading scales similar to those of the rachis or relatively broader, 
falcate, subflexuous, whitish and without a median stripe; segments close, about 28 
pairs, nearly oblong, slightly broadest at the base, 9 to 11.5 mm. broad at the very 
narrow and sharply acute sinuses, subfalcate, subentire in the lower half, faintly 
serrulate above the middle, sharply so at the rounded apex; costules elevated, glab- 
rous above, copiously paleaceous below, the scales minute, whitish, bullate, ending 
in a capillary point; veins 13 to 16 pairs, elevated, mostly once-forked, the basal branch 
of each basal vein joined by a short transverse veinlet to the opposed basal branch of 
the basal vein of the adjacent segment, a narrowly elongate basal areole thus formed 
along the costule, all four branches excurrent to the sinus; second pair and succeeding 
veins mostly once-forked at or near the base (sometimes twice-forked), the branches 
rather close, oblique, soriferous beyond their middle; sori relatively small but contig- 
uous, extending in a close subflexuous supramedial line from the apex downward to 


46 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


a point on the costal wing usually about one-third the distance from costa to sinus, 
there meeting obtusely the sori of the adjacent segment; indusium membranous, 
yellowish brown, semicircular or dimidiate, subentire to deeply and irregularly cre- 
nate, repand, shallow; receptacle globose-capitate, setiferous; leaf tissue herbaceous, 
dark green and lustrous above, yellowish and much paler below. 

TypPE LocaLiry: Martinique, Sieber (Fl. Mart. 375), 

DisrriputTion: Mountains of Martinique and Guadeloupe, at from 500 to 1,480 
meters elevation. 

Intusrrations: Plumier, Traité Foug. pl. 26; Petiver, Pter. Amer. pl. 2. f. 10; 
Presl, Tent. Pterid. pl. 1. f. 18; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1: pl. 14 B (as H. grandifolia). 

Plumier’s plate 26 above cited was mentioned by Willdenow as illustrating his 
grandifolia; but, as shown under the discussion of that species at page 42 
H. grandifolia is preferably to be interpreted by means of the Willdenow typp speci- 
men, which is of the species known hitherto as /. insignis or H. imrayana. 

On account of the white scales of the under surface, larger specimens of this species 
might be confounded with true H. grandifolia, except for the simpler venation and 
the obtuse or, at least, nonacuminate segments. Its white scales will at once dis- 
tinguish it from #. obtusa which invariably has brown scales, and these of a very 
different character. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 26.—From a photograph of a portion of Sieber 375, Martinique, the type collec- 
tion. Natural size. (Specimen in herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden.) 

21. Hemitelia obtusa Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 252. 1824. 

Cnemidaria obtusa Presl, Tent. Pterid. 57. 1836. 

Hemistegia obtusa Presl, Abh. Bohm. Ges. Wiss. V. 5: 355. 1848. 

Hemitelia bullata Christ, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 24: 81. 1897. 

Rhizome of mature individuals unknown, probably ascending or forming a short 
upright caudex; fronds apparently 2 to 2.5 meters long, the stipe stout, clothed at 
the base with bright yellowish brown linear-lanceolate long-acuminate scales, sharply 
short-aculeate, hght castaneous to yellowish brown, muricate upwards, deciduously 
paleaceous; lamina broadly oblong or ovate-oblong, apparently 1 to 1.5 meters long, 
40 to 60 cm. broad, abruptly acuminate, bipinnatifid, the rachis stout, deeply sulcate 
and glabrescent above, below lightly and obtusely sulcate, smoothish, laxly yellowish- 
pubescent with long flexuous flaccid hairs; pinnzee numerous, close, the lower 
ones deflexed; middle pinnze divergent, opposite or subopposite about 4 to 6 em, 
apart, oblong-ligulate, 20 to 35 cm. long, 3 to 4 (rarely 4.5) em. broad, not or scarcely 
narrower at the base, close to the rachis at the upper side, subcordate below and com- 
monly overlying the rachis, sessile, straight or lightly falcate, gradually acuminate 
in the apical third or fourth, (the extreme apex sharply serrate,) pinnatifid two- 
thirds to three-fourths the distance to the costa, the costal wing about 3 to 5 mm. 
wide on each side or slightly broader toward the apex; coste glabrous and minutely 
but sharply sulcate above, below yellowish to brownish, stout, conspicuously ele- 
vated, at first freely clothed (at least toward the base) with shining subbullate ovate 
or oblong-ovate ferruginous or yellowish brown flaccid scales with lighter fibrillose 
margins, some of the scales persistent at the sides; segments about 24 to 30 pairs, 
oblong, lightly falcate, 9 to 12 mm, broad at the base, mostly close, the sinuses narrow 
and sharply acute, or broader in drying and acutish, the margins usually revolute, 
lightly crenate-serrate above the sinus, toward the apex crenate-dentate, the teeth 
not prolonged; costules sharply elevated, glabrous above, below obscurely setulose- 
glandular and bearing numerous small bullate brownish fibrillose scales; veins 13 to 
16 pairs, elevated, glabrous above, minutely glandular-setulose below, once-forked, 
the basal one having its basal branch connected with a similar branch from the adja- 
cent segment by a short transverse veinlet, the costal areole very narrowly elongate, 
ull four branches extending to the sinus or to a point immediately above; second 


MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 47 


pair and succeeding veins once-forked close to the sinus, the branches divergent, 
distant, soriferous above their middle; sori rather small, adjacent (sometimes con- 
tiguous with age), forming a distinctly supramedial line extending one-half to two- 
thirds the distance to the apex (rarely to the apex) and downward toa point on the costal 
wing about equidistant between the costa and the sinus, indusium grayish brown, 
semicircular or dimidiate, subentire to crenately lobed, shallow; receptacle globose, 
squamulose-setiferous; leaf tissue rigidly herbaceous, dark green above, lighter below, 
lustrous on both surfaces. 

Type Locatiry: ‘Habitat in Antilles.” 

DisrriputTion: Apparently confined to Grenada and St. Vincent. 

The present species has been misidentified with nearly as much frequency as has 
H. grandifolia (and usually under that name), although Kaulfuss’s description is 
definite enough. In addition to Kaulfuss’s original plant Presl cites specimens col- 
lected by Guilding in St. Vincent, in which on the basis of material at hand he is 
probably correct. Grenada specimens collected by Eggers (no. 6035) were first 
determined by Christ as 1. grandifolia, but were subsequently made the type of his 
new species H. bullata. They are perfectly typical examples of H. obtusa, as here 
understood. In leaf outline and venation //. obtusa resembles H. kohautiana rather 
closely; but it is strikingly different in its fewer and distinctly brownish scales of the 
under surface and in its almost nonpaleaceous, smoothish, and yellowish pubescent 
rachises.! 

The following specimens have been examined: 

Sr. Vincent: H. H. & G. W. Smith 854, 1715; Eggers 6731. 

GRENADA: Eggers 6035; Sherring; Broadway. 


DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 


1. Hemrrevta cructata Desv. Mém. Soe. Linn. Paris 6: 320, 1827. 

The original description is as follows: 

“Pinnis oppositis, sessilibus, lineari-lanceolatis subacuminatis, patentibus, pro- 
funde crenatis: laciniis subimbricatis incurvis, obtusisque apici latere acutiusculis 
obscure denticulatis: costis rachique nudis; caudice arborescente? 

“Habitat in America calidiori. Media inter H. grandifoliam et speciosam.”’ 

An excellent photograph of the type specimen, which is preserved in the Muséum 
d’Histoire Naturelle at the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, indicates a species at least very 
closely allied to that here recognized under the name H. spectabilis Kunze. In the 
shape of its pinnee and in venation the specimen appears to agree with the Trinidad 
plants here cited under H. spectabilis and to differ only in its subimbricate segments. 
Without a direct comparison of the specimen itself with J. spectabilis it appears 
inadvisable to substitute the earlier name; but it is more than likely that the two 
relate to phases of the same species. At any rate its relationship is clearly with H. 
spectabilis, as here understood. 


9. HEMISTEGIA ELEGANTISSIMA I’ée, Mém.Foug, 8: 110. 1857. 

Founded upon a Mexican specimen collected by Linden, without number; not 
itlentified by the writer. The description, brief though it is, does not accord with 
any of the species here recognized. 


1The plant figured by Hooker, Sp. Fil. 1: pl. 14 A. as H. obtusa is neither H. 
obtusa nor any species closely related to it. The illustration agrees exactly with the 
Trinidad material here taken up under the name J/7. spectabilis, but it does not show 
any secondary areoles (i. e., along the costules of the segments). This, however, is 
not a constant feature of that species and is only observed here and there. See under 
H. spectabilis. 


48 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


3. Hemiterta Munira (Willd.) Hook.; Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 162. 1869. 

Cyathea munita Willd.; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 260. 1824, nomen nudum. 

Hematelia munita Hook. Sp. Fil. 1: 32. 1844, nomen nudum. 

Hemistegia munita Presl, Abh. Bohm. Ges. Wiss. V. 5: 355. 1848. 

The present species, based upon Willdenow’s no. 20168, was not described until 
1869, by Kuhn, although mentioned by several earlier writers under different names 
as indicated above. Through the kindness of Dr. I. Urban the writer has examined 
a small portion of Willdenow’s specimen, which has as its type locality simply 
“America.”? It conforms well with Kuhn’s description and represents either a valid 
species or a nearly sterile state of H. obtusa Kaulf.; probably the latter, although it is 
not matched exactly by other specimens. The scales are brownish, as in that species, 
but very few and minute; also, the segments are more deeply serrate and the sinuses 
much narrower than usual. It is, at least, closely allied to IJ. obtusa, and the type 
should be compared closely with undoubted specimens of that species. 


4, HEMITELIA spECTABILIS Kunze, Linnaea 21: 233. 1848. 

Hemistegia spectabilis Fée, Gen. Fil. 351. 1850-52. 

Actinophlebia obtusa Presl, Abh. Bohm. Ges. Wiss. V. 5: 356. 1s48, not Hemitelia 
obtusa Kaulf. 1824. 

Type LocaLiry: Surinam, Kappler 1771. 

Disrripution: French and Dutch Guiana, Trinidad, and Venezuela, according to 
Kunze. 

Intusrration: Hook. Sp. Fil. 1: pl. 14.4 (as I. obtusa). 

So far as can be ascertained this species, which is here identified with some uncer- 
tainty, is wholly South American, the Trinidad flora being considered as belonging 
to that continent. Kunze included in his concept of the species plants from several 
widely separated regions: Material collected in French Guiana by Leprieur and at 
first’ referred doubtfully to H. obtusa; better specimens received later from Dutch 
Guiana and Trinidad; and, finally, material collected near Caracas by Linden and by 
Karsten. Mettenius ? subsequently redescribed the species in full, citing it only 
from Dutch Guiana. Principally on the basis of the latter diagnosis, which does not 
conflict with that of Kunze, the name is here applied with reservation to the following 
material in the National Herbarium: 

TRINIDAD: Without locality, Fendler 25 (4 sheets). Near Valencia, Nov., 1883, 
Eggers 1423. Without locality, ex herb. Bot. Gard. Trinidad, 195. 

Venecuena: El Valle, Island of Margarita, August 16, 1901, Miller & Johnston 
164, San Juan Mountain, Island of Margarita, altitude 500 meters, July 16, 
1903, Johnston 191 (in part). 

Whether or not these specimens actually pertain to I, spectabilis, they at least 
represent a species distinct from any of the North American flora, and one to which 
no other name appears to apply. They accord well with the descriptions by Kunze 
and Mettenius already mentioned. Hooker's figure cited above also agrees perfectly, 
It was probably drawn from Lockhart’s Trinidad material mentioned by him.’ (Seg 
under /T. obtusa.) 

According to Christensen’s Index Filicum []emistegia spectabilis Fée is an equivalent 
of Hemitelia subincisa. Fée published no description of it but cited the following 
synonymy: “ Hemithelia obtusa, Hook., fragm., *non Klfss.; Hemithelia [Cnemidaria | 
subincisa, Kze.”? Thus, although he apparently did not intend it to be a transfer of 
Hemitelia spectabilis Kunze to the genus Hemistegia and, in fact, makes no reference 
to Kunze’s species, it is nevertheless on the basis of Hooker’s illustration a probable 
synonym of Hemitelia spectabtlis. 


1 Bot. Zeit. 2: 297. 1844. 

? Fil. Hort. Lips. 111. 1854. 

* This is substantiated by a recent letter from the Director of the Royal Gardens, 
Kew. 


MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS, 49 


Presl’s Actinophlebia obtusa was founded wholly upon Hooker’s plate 14A which 
was clearly a misidentification of H. obtusa Kaulf., 1824. Hooker’s figure, moreover, 
which is here regarded tentatively as typifying H. spectabilis, is itself one of the 
several original elements of Kunze’s H. subincisa; but it can scarcely apply to that 
species as typified here on the basis of Péppig’s Peruvian plant. Kunze, in publishing 
H. spectabilis, writes: ‘Est quasi media inter meam H. subincisam et H. obtusam,?’— 
with mention of his earlier (1844) reference of Hooker’s plate I4A. 


5. HEMITELIA SUBINCISA Kunze, Bot, Zeit, 2: 296, 1844, 

Cnemidaria speciosa Presl, Tent. Pterid. 57. pl. 1. /. 16. 17. 1836, not Cyathea speciosa 
H. & B.; Willd. 1810. 

Hemistegia speciosa Fée, Gen. Fil. 351. 1850-52. 

Type Locauity: Peru, Péppig. 

Distripution: Venezuela to northern Brazil and Peru (according to Underwood 
MS.). 

ILLustTRATION: Presl, loc. cit. pl. 7. f. 16. 17. 

The ground taken by Kunze, in his long review ! of Hooker’s treatment of Hemitelia 
in the Species Filicum, for establishing Hemitelia subincisa is essentially that taken 
by Presl, both authors agreeing that Kaulfuss erred in his identification of Cyathea 
speciosa H. & B. (See under /. speciosa, page 30). But just what herbarium material 
Kaulfuss had in hand in transferring Cyathea speciosa H. & B. to Hemitelia can not be 
stated, nor can the source of Presl’s information. In the Presl herbarium at Prague, 
however, is a specimen of ‘‘ Cnemidaria speciosa” collected in Peru by Péppig. This 
very likely not only formed the basis of Presl’s figures 16 and 17, but is probably a 
plant of the same Péppig number which gave Kunze many of the data for his new J/. 
subincisa. A fragment in the Underwood Fern Herbarium does not agree with Presl’s 
figure 16, but accords perfectly with figure 17. Possibly figures 16 and 17 belong to 
different individuals or different species. In any case, it seems desirable for present 
purposes to typify the species on figure 17, which apparently represents Péppig’s 
Peruvian plant as found in Presl’s own herbarium. The Brazilian plant, as repre- 
sented by Martius’s figure,” seems to be the same. 

Hooker’s plate 14A, published as ‘‘//. obtusa” is also cited by Kunze for his 7H. 
subincisa; but it is drawn from a Trinidad specimen and represents a species distinct 
from H. subincisa, as the latter is typified in this paper. It is here regarded as repre- 
senting H. spectabilis. 

Hemitelia subincisa has been credited to Guatemala and other parts of tropical 
North America, but so far as can be ascertained it is altogether South American. 


FURTHER NOTES ON THE WEST INDIAN SPECIES OF 
POLYSTICHUM. 


Since the writer’s revision of the West Indian species of Poly- 
stichum in the last paper of this series (1909) considerable addi- 
tional material has been received, some of it showing extension of 
ranges, as here recorded. The single new species to be described is 
rather closely related to P. dissimulans, yet offers differences which 
seem to be specific. 

Polystichum ambiguum Maxon, sp. nov. PLATE 27. 

Fronds 4 or 5, laxly arching, 60 to 74 cm. long, long-stipitate (the stipe as long as 
the lamina or longer), Rhizome decumbent, about 5 cm. long, 1.5 cm. in diameter, 
woody, bearing numerous coarse freely branched roots, and sparingly clothed with thin 
dark to light brown oblong-lanceolate scales about 1 cm. long; stipes stoutish, 31 to 38 


1 Bot. Zeit. 2: 294-299, 1844, 2 Icon. Pl. Crypt. pl. 48. f. 2. 


50 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


cm. long, stramineous, subquadrangular, sulcate, bearing a few large flaccid yellowish 
brown scales near the base, elsewhere nearly glabrous, or with a few linear or fibrillose 
tortuous scales above, these extending along the rachis but readily deciduous; lamina 
narrowly ovate, deeply bipinnatifid nearly throughout, 29 to 36 cm. long, 10 to 17 cm. 
broad, comprising 15 to 17 pairs of spreading mostly falcate pinnze; middle and lower 
pinne 6 to 8.5 em, long, 1.5 to 2em. broad at the middle, subpinnate, strongly ineequi- 
lateral at the base, the superior basal segment much the largest, free, rhombic-ovate 
from an unequal narrowly cuneate base, the inferior one minute, free, the next 5 to 
8 pairs narrowly to broadly rhombic-ovate, 8 to 12 mm. long, very oblique (the distal 
margin lying close to the narrowly alate secondary rachis), the apical segments much 
narrower, fully adnate and strongly decurrent, finally evident only as deep serra- 
tions at the acuminate apex; all the segments sharply acuminate but scarcely spines- 
cent; apical pinne 1 to 2 cm. long, inserted 1 to 1.5 cm. apart; leaf tissue membrano- 
chartaceous, the under surfaces very sparingly and minutely fibrillose-paleaceous, 
mainly along the veins; rachis stout, very narrowly alate in the upper part, terminat- 
ing in a large viviparous bud 1 to 2 cm. above the apical pinnae; venation concealed, 
mostly flabellate, repeatedly dichotomous, the segments without definite midribs; 
sori large, irregularly biserial, the larger segments with 2 to 5 pairs. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, nos, 520201 and 520202, collected upon 
rocky slopes bordering humid forests in the immediate vicinity of Holly Mount, 
Mount Diabolo, Jamaica, altitude about 750 meters, May 25 to 27, 1904, by William 
R. Maxon (no. 2283). 

The relationship of the present species is clearly with P. dissimulans. From this 
it differs mainly in the paler scales of the rhizome, in its different leaf shape, fewer 
pinne and minute inferior basal pinnules, in its flagelliform (and not foliose) apex, 
and in its sharply acuminate, rather than rigidly spinescent, segments, - P. dissim- 
ulans is the most rigidly coriaceous of all the West Indian allies of P. triangulum 
while P. ambiqguum has singularly flaccid fronds for a member of thisgroup. P. hetero- 
lepis, though superficially resembling P. ambiguum to a certain extent, differs in 
nearly all essential details. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 27, A middle section of the type specimen. 

Polystichum plaschnickianum (Kunze) Moore. 

This species, known hitherto only from Jamaica, has been collected recently in 
Santo Domingo by von Tiirckheim (no. 3038). The specimens, which are typical, 
are from the vicinity of Constanza, altitude 1,350 meters. 


Polystichum polystichiforme (I*ée) Maxon. 
Known previously only from Cuba and Jamaica. Collected recently in Porto Rico 
by Brother Hioram, his specimens (no. 245) from Mount Torresilla, July, 1911. 


Polystichum triangulum (L.) Fée. 

This species, mentioned in the last paper as inhabiting only Santo Domingo, Cuba, 
and Jamaica, occurs also in Guatemala. The record rests upon plants collected by 
von Tiirckheim near Coban, Alta Verapaz, altitude about 1,350 meters, on rocks, and 
distributed by Captain Smith as no. 851. 

Specimens from the vicinity of Constanza, Santo Domingo, altitude 1,190 meters, 
February, 1910, von Tiirckheim 2933, distributed as Polystichum triangulum vay. iliei- 
folium Fée are not Polystichum ilicifolium Fée. They are, rather, referable to P. 
trianqulum, but represent an unusually spiny form ef the species. 


Polystichum wrightii (Baker) C. Chr. in herb. 

Polypodium wrightit Baker in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 304. 1867. 

Dryopteris sauvallei C. Chr. Ind. Fil, 291, 1905. 

Polystichum longipes Maxon, Contr. Nat. Herb. 18: 34. pl. 6. 1909. 

The above synonymy relates wholly to a Cuban species known only upon Wright's 
no. 3924. Baker, strangely enough, first described the species under his section 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 27. 


POLYSTICHUM AMBIQGUUM MAXON, 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 28. 


PTEROPSIS UNDERWOODIANA MAXON, 


MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 51 


“Euphegopteris” of Polypodium. Christensen, supposing it from this incomplete 
description and wrong generic position to be a Dryopteris, transferred it to that genus 
as D. sauvallei, the new species name being necessary in Dryopteris because of an 
earlier D. wrightti of Kuntze (1891). Subsequently he examined specimens at Stock- 
holm, and noting their true affinity, called them Polystichum wrightti, aname which must 
take precedence over P. longipes, published in ignorance of Baker’s diagnosis. 


THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF PTEROPSIS. 


In publishing the new genus Ananthacorus several years ago! 
the writer indicated briefly the grounds upon which the generic name 
Pteropsis (Desvaux, 1827) should be taken up to replace Drymo- 
glossum (Presl, 1836). Two species of this genus have been known 
previously from America, one from Ecuador, the other from Mar- 
tinique. A third, from Costa Rica, was detected by Dr. L. M. Under- 
wood in 1904, but apparently never named or described by him. 

The three species are: 


1. Pteropsis wiesbaurii (Sodiro) Maxon. 

Drymoglossum wiesbaurii Sodiro, Vasc. Crypt. Quit. 419. 1893. 

Known only from Ecuador, the type being from tree trunks along the Rio Chimbo, 
altitude 300 to 500 meters. 


2. Pteropsis martinicensis (Christ) Maxon. 

Drymoglossum martinicense Christ, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 24: 137. 1897. 

Apparently confined to Martinique; the original specimens from trees and rocks 
near Vauclin, Duss 250b. 


3. Pteropsis underwoodiana Maxon, sp. nov. PLATE 28. 

Rhizome sarmentose, very slender, about 1 mm. in diameter, sparingly paleaceous, 
the scales subappressed, grayish, about 1 to 1.5 mm. long, linear-oblong to oblong- 
ovate, acute, minutely erose, membranous, with thin cell walls. Sterile fronds sessile, 
lanceolate, acuminate, 8 to 13 cm. long, 2.2 to3.8 cm. broad above the broadly cuneate, 
usually equilateral base, strongly costate, the stramineous midvein and slender irreg- 
ularly reticulate veins elevated and evident upon both sides throughout; leaf tissue 
firmly membrano-chartaceous, inconspicuously whitish-glandular above, bearing 
upon both surfaces numerous but distant minute punctiform ovate to suborbicular 
scales, these centrally peltate, with narrowly erose-fimbriate whitish margins. Fertile 
fronds 9 to 11 cm, long, short-stipitate, the stipe (1 to 1.5 cm. long) stout, appressed- 
paleaceous, the lamina linear, narrowly long-cuneate, 8 to 9cm. long, 4 to 5 mm. broad; 
sporangia arising in a dense line about midway between the costa and margin, spreading 
to the margin and at maturity almost completely obscuring the costa below the short 
linear-cuspidate apex. 

Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, no. 827444, collected near Suerre, Llanuras 
de Santa Clara, Costa Rica, altitude 300 meters, February, 1896, by John Donnell 
Smith, no. 6941; distributed as “ Acrostichum amygdalifolium Mett.’’ There are speci- 
mens of the same number in the Underwood Fern Herbarium, New York Botanical 
Garden. 


The American species may be distinguished by the following key: 


Lamina of sterile fronds obovate, coriaceous, about 3 cm. long, 1 
cm. broad, densely covered with minute appressed stel- 
late scales; fertile fronds plicate...............2........ 2. P. martinicensis. 


1 Contr, Nat. Herb. 10: 486. 1908. 
32870°—-12 —-3 


52 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Lamina of sterile fronds lanceolate to oval-lanceolate, membra- 
nous or membrano-chartaceous, 2 to 4 times as large, one 
or both sides bearing minute scattered suborbicular to 
ovate scales; fertile fronds not plicate. 
Fertile fronds 3 to 4mm. broad, long-stipitate, the stipe 3 to 
5 cm. long; sterile fronds oval-lanceolate, 6 to 9 cm. 
long; 2 to3cm. broad .........22...-.-2220------ 1. P. wiesbaurit. 
Fertile fronds 4 to 5 mm. broad, short-stipitate, the stipe | 
to 1.5 em, long; sterile fronds lanceolate, 8 to 13 cm. 
long; 2.2 to 3.8 em, broad..............--..-.-.-... 3. P. underwoodiana. 


TWO UNUSUAL FORMS OF DICRANOPTERIS. 


Under the head of ‘‘ Doubtful or Extralimital Species” the writer, 
in treating recently the North American species of Dicranopteris,' 
made mention of two peculiar forms as follows: 

Mertensia gleichenioides Liebm. Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. V. 1: 296. 1849. (Gleichenia 
lieéhbmanni Moore, Index Fil. 379. 1862.) A remarkable form, accurately described 
by Liebmann from specimens collected by him near Cuaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico, and 
apparently not since collected. In general appearance the specimens differ widely 
from the usual type of Dicranopteris in the direction of Gleichenia, but not in venation 
and other characters. In minute characters they appear to represent a species not 
otherwise knowr, but in gross morphology the plant is almost certainly atypical and 
possibly indicates a reversion toward a general ancestral form, Plants similar in form, 
but very different in vestiture, have been collected in Jamaica by Professor Under- 
wood and the writer; these were growing with D. bifida, and from their minute characters 
must be reckoned a form of that species. 


The present note is for the purpose of directing further attention 
to the peculiar morphology of these plants. 

Plate 29 represents at about two-fifths natural size the Jamaican 
plants referred to (Mazon 936). They were collected by the writer 
in company with Prof. L. M. Underwood upon the dryish, brushy 
slopes of an abandoned coffee plantation, altitude about 750 meters, 
above Tweedside, which is near Mount Moses, in the Blue Mountains. 
Surrounding them upon all sides was a typical growth of the common 
tropical American species called Dicranopteris fulva (Desv.) by Doctor 
Underwood ? and recently redescribed * by the writer under an earlier 
species name as D. bifida (Willd.) Maxon. The unusual interest 
attaching to these specimens was perhaps not fully appreciated at 
the time; at any rate nothing was noted beyond the fact that they 
covered an area of only a few square feet in the midst of normal 
D. bifida. Plants of similar form were not encountered elsewhere 
in Jamaica, although D. bifida is the commonest species of the genus 
at mid-elevations. In minute characters the specimens are evidently 
identical with ordinary D. bifida, which in its several forms is one of 
the most readily recognized species of the genus in North America, its 


'N. Amer. Flora 16!: 53-63. 1909. 3N. Amer. Flora 16!: 60. 1909. 
? Bull. Torrey Club 34: 255. 1907. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol, 16. PLATE 29. 


DICRANOPTERIS BIFIDA (WILLD.) MAXON. 


(A monstrous form.) 


MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS, 53 


segments being covered beneath by a rusty, usually dense, entan- 
gled tomentum, which, however, with age frequently becomes bleached 
and matted, or nearly disappears. 

The peculiarity of the Jamaican form here figured consists mainly 
in its having its simple pinne very narrowly linear (3 to 5 mm. broad) 
and merely subentire to broadly crenate, instead of pectinate, as in 
the normal form. The veins, which are short, are once-forked, the 
branches either simple or one or both of them again forked. The 
sori are dorsal upon the veinlets, as in all species of Dicranopteris, 
instead of terminal, as in Gleichenia. A dull brownish rusty tomen- 
tum closely invests the under surface of the pinne throughout from 
the narrowly revolute margins to the rachis. The primary internodes 
which subtend the pinne are precisely like those of the normal fronds 
of the species (Mazon 937), which were collected at the same time 
and place, except that they have in several instances a crenate or 
crenately lobed wing on the lower side, as well as upon the upper. 
The presence or absence of reduced segments bordering the primary 
and secondary internodes of the lateral branches of D. bifida is, how- 
ever, an unusually variable feature. 

Of almost identical form, but of very different covering below, is the 
plant described by Liebmann as Mertensia gleichenioides, Mertensia 
being used by him as the equivalent of Dicranopteris, and the species 
name gleichenioides in allusion to the general resemblance which the 
plant offers to true Old World Gleichenia. The lightly but broadly 
crenate pinne are a little more slender than in the monstrous form 
from Jamaica, not exceeding 4 mm. in width, and the margins are 
for the most part strongly revolute. The rachises of the pinne are 
clothed below with delicately lacerate pale ferruginous scales, and 
the veinlets of the under surface are covered with minutely dissected 
subpersistent scales, their capillary divisions exceedingly delicate 
and in mass strongly suggesting a tomentum. The veins are mostly 
once-forked, each of the branches again once or twice forked, the 
veinlets thus subfasciculate, a group to each broad crenation. 

That Liebmann’s plants represent an abnormal state of some 
Mexican species, as the monstrous state here figured does of D. bifida, 
is entirely probable, but the writer is unable to identify it with any 
previously described. For a very careful sketch of the two specimens 
constituting Liebmann’s type, and for a pair of pinne of the type, 
forwarded from the Botanisk Museum, Copenhagen, to the U. S. 
National Museum, the writer is indebted to the courtesy of Mr. Carl 
Christensen. 

As to the significance of the peculiar form shown by these two 
collections of different species, speculation is perhaps idle; yet it 
seems not unlikely that they represent a reversion to a more general- 
ized ancestral type, rather than a chance variation. And the suppo- 
sition that they may, perhaps, be an atavistic expression is doubtless 


54 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


strengthened by their separate occurrence in regions far apart. 
Minor variations in form, size, and vestiture of the segments, in the 
highly complex scheme of branching, and in the production of seg- 
ments upon the internodes of the lateral branches—all of these 
being features observed commonly in the field—seem to indicate that 
the species of this genus are in a more or less unstable state; and 
this renders the more significant so pronounced a departure from the 
normal form. Members of this family are said to be difficult of culti- 
vation, which, together with the usual incompleteness of herbarium 
material, may account for the scant attention they have received. 
Nevertheless, the group is one of the greatest interest and one which, 
in the writer’s opinion, would well repay critical investigation of the 
living plants, more especially a comparative study of those species 
showing radically diverse methods of branching. Following such a 
study it is not unlikely that Dicranopteris, instead of being again 
merged in Gleichenia, will itself be subdivided into several genera. 


THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF CIBOTIUM. 


In working over Cibotium for the forthcoming second part of 
volume 16 (Pteridophyta) of the North American Flora, it has been 
found that the American species have, if anything, been more fre- 
quently misidentified than the Old World material of the genus. The 
main reason for this appears to be that no one has given the American 
species careful attention. Thus, Kuhn properly distinguished two 
new species, C. guatemalense and C. wendlandi, in 1869, but failed to 
point out that Hooker’s illustration of “‘ Cibotium schiedei,” plate 30A 
of the Species Filicum, really pertained to one of these, C. wendlandi. 
The confusion attending the illustration of C. regale, itself a valid 
species, is explained farther on, under that species. As a matter of 
fact the material available at any one herbarium is probably scant; 
and the distinctive points of difference among the several species, if 
evident to individual students, have at least never been pointed out. 
Full descriptions of the four species already mentioned will appear 
shortly. In the meantime illustrations of these, with the notes here 
given by way of comparison, may be helpful. The Cibotiwm horridum 
of Liebmann is found not to belong to this genus or its tribe. 

The genus Cibotium of Kaulfuss is often credited to his Enumeratio 
Filicum (1824). It was, however, published! four years earlier in a 
little pharmaceutical journal, the only file of which known to the 
writer is that in the Library of the Surgeon General, in the Army 
Medical Museum, Washington, D. C. The original description is as 
follows: 


“Die Fruchthaufen sind in gewélbten, an einem Punkte auf der Unterseite des 
Laubes befestigten, lederartigen Schleierchen eingeschlossen, die sich von oben 


1 Kaulfuss in Berl. Jahrb. Pharm. 21: 53. 1820. 


PLATE 30. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16, 


CIBOTIUM SCHIEDE! SCHLECHT. & CHAM. 


MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 55 


mit einem bleibenden, nach der Rippe der Lappchen zu sich neigenden Deckel 
éffnen. Nur Eine, wahrscheinlich baumférmige, Art, Cibotium Chamissoi, von der 
Siidsee.”’ 


In America the genus is apparently restricted to the northern con- 
tinent. The species may be distinguished by means of the following 
key: 


KEY TO THE SPECIES. 


Coste glabrous or readily glabrescent; leaf tissue conspicuously 
ceraceo-pruinose below. 
Sori mostly distant or subdistant, usually extending beyond 
the margin in the plane of the segment................ 1. C. schiedet. 
Sori contiguous to imbricate, appearing dorsal, i. e., not ex- 
tending beyond the margin. 
Lamina deeply tripinnatifid; veins 7 to 9 pairs to the 
segment; sori nearly parallel to the costule.....-. 2. C. regale. 
Lamina tripinnate or subtripinnate; veins 8 to 15 pairs 
to the segment; sori obviously oblique to the cos- 
tule, closer..........-------2-02 eee ee ee eeeeeee- 3. ©. quatemalense. 
Coste thickly invested with long persistent antrorse hairs; leaf 
tissue not obviously ceraceo-pruinose below......-....---- 4. C. wendlandi. 


1. Cibotium schiedei Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 616. 1830. PLATE 30. 

Dicksonia schiedei Baker in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 50. 1866. 

Tyre Locauity: Hacienda de la Laguna, Mexico, Schiede 801. 

DistRiBUTION: Humid mountains of Oaxaca and Vera Cruz, at 600 to 1,200 meters 
elevation. 

InLustraTIons: Presl, Tent. Pterid. pl. 11. f. 9. 

Cibotium schiedei, which was the first species of this genus to be described from 
North America, is apparently confined to Mexico.! It has long been in cultivation 
and need not be confused with any other. The fertile segments, especially the 
larger ones, are manifestly dentate-crenate and contain only 6 to 8 pairs of veins, 
of which the fertile ones are almost invariably simple and the sterile ones usually once 
forked at a slight angle. The most distinctive feature lies in the distant or subdistant 
produced sori (2 to 7 pairs) which commonly extend outward in the plane of the 
lamina, but in a few instances (in extreme age) are bent back under the segment. 
This character, while helpful in distinguishing the species, is possibly not fundamental 
and is, no doubt, correlated directly with the thin, chartaceous leaf tissue. In all the 
other American species the sori are closer and have the appearance of being erect 
and dorsal, since the segments, on account of their coriaceous or at least herbaceous 
texture, have the margins strongly revolute at maturity or in drying. 

The following specimens have been examined: 

Mexico: Hacienda de la Laguna, Schiede 801. San Francisco, Mirador, Lieb- 
mann. Orizaba, Miiller. Cordoba, Kerber 90a; Fink 13; Bourgeau 2378. 
Barranca de Tenampa, Zacuapan, Vera Cruz, September, 1906, C. A. Purpus 
1976. Zacuapan, Vera Cruz, November, 1908, C. A. Purpus 1976a. (Also 
numerous specimens from the Botanical Gardens of Kew, Berlin, and 
Leipsic.) 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 30.—a, Pinnule from a cultivated plant, er hort. Lips.; 6, portion of pinnule of 
type collection (Schiede 801), in Underwood Fern Herbarium; c, pinnule from very old specimen of Purpus 
1976; d-g, Purpus 1976a, d representing one of the larger inferior pinnules, e and f two superior pinnules from 


near the base of the pinna (at a point opposite d), g a nearly sterile pinnule from near the middle of a pinna, 
Only a shows the upper surface, All are at natural size. 


! Skinner’s plant from Guatemala, referred here by Hooker, is C. wendlandi. See 
under that species, p. 57. 


56 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


2. Cibotium regale Versch. & Lem. Ill. Hort. 15: under pl. 548, 1868. Puarer 31. 

Dicksonia regalis Baker in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 2. 461. 1874. 

Type Locauity: Described from cultivated specimens collected in Mexico by 
Ghiesbreght, altitude 1,500 to 1,800 meters. 

DistriBuTION: Chiapas, Mexico. 

ItLustration: Ill. Hort. pl. 548, in part (colored figure; also fig. 52). 

The original description of this species states no exact locality for the specimens 
collected by Ghiesbreght, but gives the altitude as from 5,000 to 6,000 feet. Two 
large pinne of Ghiesbreght’s collection in the D. C. Eaton herbarium, however, have 
the following data: “‘No. 351. Terre temperée. Etat de Chiapas. Fougére arbore- 
scente. Tronc de 3 44 pieds de haut. Frondes de 5 4 6 metres de longeur. Croix 
au bord des ruisseaux, Juillet et Aout.’’; all but the number being apparently in 
Ghiesbreght’s hand. Three pinnules of this, which is doubtless the type collection, 
are shown in plate 31 and will give an excellent idea of the species.' 

Cibotium regale has nearly the form of C. wendlandi, but differs conspicuously in its 
acuminate (not aristate) segments, in having the costee and costules very sparingly 
silky-pubescent below (the hairs long and very readily deciduous), and in having the 
under surface of the segments conspicuously pruinose (not greenish), In cutting it 
is quite dissimilar to C. guatemalense. It is more nearly related, perhaps, to C. schiedei, 
but differs in many respects, notably in its more numerous pinnules, greater size, 
different texture, revolute margins, and the different direction and position of the 
sori, and in having the veins of the sterile segments mostly two or three times forked, 
not mostly once forked. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 31.—Three pinnules of Ghiesbreght 351, from Chiapas. Natural size. 


3. Cibotium guatemalense Reichenb.; Kuhn, Linnaea 86: 152. 1869. Pratre32, f, g. 

Dicksonia guatemalensis Baker in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 2. 461. 1874. 

Type Locauity: Guatemala, Wendland. 

DistrisutTion: Apparently confined to the humid mountain region of eastern 
Guatemala, altitude 1,500 meters or less. 

Cibotium guatemalense is readily distinguished from its allies by the key characters 
noted above. It has very large, nearly or quite tripinnate fronds, with both pinne 
and pinnules very much larger than those of C. scheidei, from which it differs con- 
spicuously also in its imbricate, differently placed sori and its more numerous veins 
(8 to 15 pairs). The oblique position and crowding of the sori separate it immediately 
from C. regale. 

The species has been reported from Costa Rica upon the basis of two different 
collections. The first of these (Warscewicz 43), according to a pinnule in the Under- 
wood Fern Herbarium, indicates an undescribed species very closely allied to C. wend- 


An illustration is practically essential to a clear understanding of this species, 
owing to the very faulty original figures and the confusion existing between Lemaire’s 
legends for the detailed drawings and his ‘explanation of the analytical figures.”’ 
Figure 5 of plate 548 is presumably “‘fig. 1” of the ‘‘explanation,”’ and probably is 
intended to represent Ghiesbreght’s plant, as is stated. Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 of plate 
548 apparently represent the two ‘‘pennules” and ‘‘a, b, & c” mentioned in the 
“‘explanation,’”? which are said to be redrawn from Hooker’s plate 30A of the Species 
Filicum, and are obviously copied from that. A comparison of plate 548 with 
Hooker’s plate 30A shows that the disagreement of the numbers which really appear on 
plate 548, with the letters and numbers of Lemaire’s ‘‘explanation,” is due to an error 
of the artist, who copied not only Hooker’s detailed illustrations but also the identical 
numbers which accompanied them in the original! The drawing labeled 5 in plate 
548 is, as mentioned above, doubtless meant for C. regale; but its resemblance to 
Hooker’s figure (fig. 1 of pl. 548) is too close to offer any distinctive features 
whatever. It should be borne in mind also that the plant of Hooker’s plate 30A is not 
C. schiedei, but C. wendlandi. (See under the latter species, p. 57.) 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 31. 


ae : fe he, 
“J \> © 
. f " 


SG, ii 


ae 


CIBOTIUM REGALE VERSCH. & LEM. 


PLATE 32, 


16. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 


, hie 


we 
» Ve 


S™ 


Ke 


CIBOTIUM WENDLANDI METT. AND C. GUATEMALENSE REICHENB. 


MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 57 


landi; it is, at any rate, not C. guatemalense. The second is of a plant collected by 
Wercklé and listed! by Christ as Cibotiwm guatemalense. Several specimens of this 
in the U. 8. National Herbarium, received from Doctor Christ and so labeled in his 
hand, are Dicksonia navarrensis Christ. So far as can be ascertained, C. guatemalense 
is strictly confined to Guatemala. 
The following specimens have been examined: 
GUATEMALA: Santa Cruz, Alta Verapaz, altitude 1,380 meters, John Donnell Smith 
1505 (5 sheets), Rio Frio, near Santa Cruz, Alta Verapaz, von Ttirckheim 
II. 2113 (4 sheets). Without locality, Salvin & Godman (ex herb. Kew). 


4. Cibotium wendlandi Mett.; Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 151. 1869. PLATE 32, a-e. 

Dicksonia wendlandi Baker, in "Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 2. 460. 1874. 

Type LocaLity: Guatemala, Wendland. 

DistriBUTION: Probably confined to Guatemala. 

InLustRATION: Hook. Sp. Fil. 1: pl. 30A (as C. schiedet).? 

Cibotium wendlandi differs widely from the other American species of this genus 
in the persistent, appressed-hairy covering of the costae and costules, and in its 
greenish under surfaces. A close examination, nevertheless, shows the underside 
of the leaf tissue to be very minutely papillate, though not pruinose. 

Christ has reported® this species from Chiapas, Mexico, upon specimens collected 
by Munch, and has subsequently 4 given the further data: “El Zontehuitz, altitude 
2.858 meters (Munch 104).’’ At the latter reference he lists also a “‘very similar” 
Costa Rican plant (Tonduz 10697) which, though referred to C. wendlandi, is said to 
“approach” C. guatemalense. This number (10697) is again mentioned’ by him 
the following year, under C. wendlandi, as distinct from C. guatemalense; and again 
in 1907° (here incorrectly as no. 10797) as C. wendlandi, ‘‘distinguished from C. guate- 
malense by its hairy surface and greater dimensions.’’ The plant in question (no. 
10697) is represented by two excellent specimens in the U. 8. National Herbarium, 
one of these received from Doctor Christ. It is not a Cibotium, but an apparently 
undescribed species of Dicksonia. Under the circumstances the Mexican record 
(Munch 104) must be considered as exceedingly doubtful, not only for the species 
C. wendlandi but for the genus Cibotium as well; the plant is probably a Dicksonia. 

Cibotium wendlandi is apparently a species of the semiarid regions of the Pacific 
coast, which probably accounts for the denser vestiture of the leaf surfaces. The 
following specimens have been examined: 

GUATEMALA: Without locality, Skinner 22 (ex herb. Kew); Wendland (ex herb. 
Berol.). Guatemala, Depart. Guatemala, altitude 1,350 meters, John Donnell 
Smith 2423 (4 sheets).” 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 32.—a-e, Cibotium wendlandi; a, fragment (from Kew) of Skinner’s Guatemalan 
Specimen; b, fragment (from Berlin) of Wendland’s Guatemalan specimen (type collection); c-e, Guate- 
mala, John Donnell Smith 2423, c being a small subapical pinnule, d and e the fifth pair from the base 
(inferior and superior, respectively); f, g, Cibotium guatemalense; {, Guatemala, John Donnell Smith 1506, 
a middle inferior pinnule; g, Guatemala, von Tiirckheim II. 2113, one of the larger superior pinnules. 

All at natural size. 


1 Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 5: 251. 1905. 

2 This illustration has such slight resemblance to C. schiedei that the writer wrote 
to Kew, asking the source of the material figured. The reply (May 2, 1910) states 
that the figure was probably drawn from Skinner’s no. 22. A pinnule of this, for- 
warded at the same time, is C. wendlandi. 

3 Bull. Herb. Boiss. IT. 5: 251. 1905. 

* Loc. cit. I]. 5: 734. 1905. 

5 Loc. cit. II. 6: 189. 1906. 

6 Loc. cit. IT. 7: 273. 1907. 

7 Captain Smith states in a recent letter that the exact locality is a barranca or deep 
ravine bounding a little hacienda called Aceituno, not far outside Guatemala City. 


58 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


EXCLUDED SPECIES. 


CrBoTIuM HORRIDUM Liebm. Vid. Selsk. Skr. V. 1: 279. 1849. 

This species is represented in the U. S. National Herbarium by three pinnules and 
part of a secondary rachis of Liebmann’s original material, forwarded from Copen- 
hagen, and said to have been collected by Liebmann in June, 1842, “in sylva montana 
prope Teotalcingo, Chinantla, Dept. Oaxaca, alt. 4-5000’.” The most cursory exami- 
nation of the scales of the rachis shows them to be relatively short, rigid, spinescent- 
ciliate, 5 to 10 cells broad, and thus of a totally different type from those of Cibotium, 
which are capillary, flaccid, and only a single cell broad. Their agreement with 
scales of the secondary rachis of Cyathea princeps (Linden) E. Meyer is so close, and 
the secondary rachis and the pinnules agree so closely in every particular, that Lieb- 
mann’s species must undoubtedly be written as a synonym of Cyathea prince ps 
as recently redescribed by the writer.!| Liebmann’s specimens, according to his 
description and the fragments received, are sterile, as might be expected in young 
plants of a Cyathea attaining the great size of C. princeps and in plants of such small 
size as that attributed by Liebmann to Cibotium horridum. 


TWO NEW SPECIES OF NOTHOLAENA. 


In a recent examination of the Mexican material of Notholaena 
in the U. S. National Herbarium the following two new species were 
detected: 


Notholaena leonina Maxon, sp. nov. 

Fronds 4 to 8 in number, 4 to 11 em. high, fasciculate. Rhizome relatively stout, 
creeping or ascending, 1 to 1.5 cm. long (incomplete), about 4 mm. in diameter, very 
thickly clothed with densely imbricate, lance-acuminate to linear-subulate, dark 
brown scales (2.5 to 3.5 mm. long) with yellowish brown borders, the margins dis- 
tantly and delicately glandular-papillate (especially toward the apex), otherwise 
subentire; stipes 2.5 to 7 cm. long, very slender, blackish, terete, slightly scaly 
toward the base, the scales broader than those of the rhizome, ovate, long-acuminate, 
yellowish brown, concolorous or with darker tips; lamina deltoid to deltoid-oblong, 
acute or slightly produced, 2 to 4.5 cm. long, 1.7 to 3.5 em. broad, bipinnate or rarely 
tripinnatifid in the basal part, simple above, the apex simply pinnatisect, the rachis 
similar to the stipe but lightly sulcate ventrally; major pinne 3 to 5 pairs (those 
above simple, linear-oblong to oblong), subopposite, inserted 7 to 12 mm, apart, 
the basal ones deltoid, with 2 to 4 pairs of spreading pinnules (or segments) below 
the usually trilobate apex, these elongate-oblong, simple and at least partly adnate, 
or the basal ones sessile and with 1 or 2 pairs of minute segments or lobes; pinnules 
or segments in general 1.5 to 2 mm. broad, flat, rigidly herbaceous, grayish green, 
together with the rachises densely ceraceo-papillate throughout; coste of the seg- 
ments wholly concealed above, evident below orly toward the base; margins closely 
revolute about one-third the distance to the costa (or less at maturity), unchanged, 
only partially concealing the dark brown sporangia. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 834605, collected near Monterey, State 
of Nuevo Leon, Mexico, February 17 to 26, 1880, by Dr. Edward Palmer (no. 1381) 
the specimens received from Capt. John Donnell Smith. 

Known to the writer only from the type number, which apparently was not gen- 
erally distributed to herbaria; at least it is wanting in the National Herbarium set 
received originally, and is not cited by Baker,? who does, however, list numbers 
1382 and 1383 of the same collection as N. pringlei. Eaton® listed no, 1381 as N. 
candida Hook. 


d 


1N. Amer. Flora 16': 78, 1909. 3 Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 185. 1883. 
? Annals of Botany 5: 482. 1891. 


MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 59 


The systematic position of N. leonina is next to N. pringlei Davenp. and N, bryo- 
poda Maxon. From the former, which it resembles superficially, it differs in 
the delicately glandular-papillate (not coarsely and irregularly denticulate) tips 
of the rhizome scales, in its very slender terete blackish (not stout sulcate yellowish 
brown) stipes, in the lesser degree of subdivision of the lamina, and in its flat seg- 
ments and less coriaceous leaf tissue. N. pringlei is usually much larger, and has 
shorter segments; and even in its younger states commonly has the lamina tripinnate 
in the lower part. The difference in color and thickness of the stipes is marked. 

Notholaena bryopoda differs from both species in the complete absence of any cera- 
ceous covering to the lamina, and in numerous other particulars, 


Notholaena rosei Maxon, sp. nov. 

Fronds 6 to 8, rigidly erect, 30 to 48 em. high, loosely fasciculate. Rhizome suberect, 
stout, multicipital, 1.5 to 3 cm. in diameter, 4 to 5 cm. long, densely paleaceous, freely 
radicose, and bearing numerous imbricate stipe-bases of old fronds; scales of the rhi- 
zome closely imbricate, lance-acicular, 2 to 2.5 mm, long, very rigid, the center yellow- 
ish brown, the apex and sides lustrous blackish brown and strongly thickened, with a 
delicate lax yellowish white araneose-ciliate outer border; stipes stout, 1.5 to 2 mm, 
in diameter, 8 to 13 cm. long, brownish stramineous from a dull castaneous brownish 
flexuous base, subterete, lightly canaliculate along the anterior face, sparingly and 
deciduously scaly, densely puberulous with glandular-capitate hairs; lamina 20 to 35 
em. long, 7 to 10 cm. broad near the middle, lanceolate, acuminate, deeply tripinnati- 
fid nearly throughout, the rachis similar to the stipe but with a conspicuous narrow 
ventral furrow; pinne few, distant, of a deltoid type, mostly inequilateral, ascending, 
stalked (1 to 3 mm.), the basal pair subopposite and reduced (about 2 cm, long), the 
second pair 5 to 6 cm. distant; middle pinne subopposite, 3 to 5 cm. apart, deltoid- 
ovate, 4 to 5 cm. long, 1.8 to 2.3 cm. broad, comprising about 8 to 10 pairs of distant 
subsessile to adnate pinnules below the pinnately lobed acuminate apex; larger 
pinnules oblong-acuminate to narrowly deltoid-oblong and subcaudate, 10 to 15 mm. 
long, 3 to5 mm. broad, pinnatifid (often nearly to the midvein), the lobes about 4 to 6 
pairs; upper pinne simply pinnate, 1 to 2 cm. apart; leaf tissue herbaceous, bright 
yellowish green and glabrous above, below densely white-ceraceous, partially conceal- 
ing the costze of the pinnules; margins yellowish, a very narrow border slightly meta- 
morphosed and partly covering the sporangia before maturity, early thrust back; 
sporangia dark brown, relatively thick. 

Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, no. 451280, collected on a rocky hillside near 
Chapala, State of Jalisco, Mexico, October 5, 1903, by J. N. Rose and J. H. Painter 
(no. 7665). 

The only other specimens seen are very immature plants of no. 701 of Dr. Edward 
Palmer’s 1886 collection, from the same place. These are mentioned by Davenport! 
as identical with Pringle’s ‘2830,’ which is there described as Notholaena lemmoni 
var. straminea Davenport, var. nov. Mr. Pringle’s type specimens (‘‘2830”), which 
are said to have come from rocky hills near Guadalajara, Jalisco, December, 1888, have 
not been seen by the writer. They are not at the Gray Herbarium, nor at the Daven- 
port Herbarium in Boston; moreover the number 2830 was given by Mr. Pringle 
(perhaps subsequently) to a flowering plant (Asclepias mexicana) which was actually 
distributed in his regular series. Judging from the brief description, Palmer 701 is the 
same as Pringle ‘‘2830,’’ the type of var. straminea; but this is by no means certain. 
Possibly no. “2830” may be contained in the Pringle Herbarium. This is now the 
property of the University of Vermont and available for study only to investigators 
who will consult it in Burlington, Vt. Under the circumstances it seems advisable 
not to make up the varietal name for this species. 

Notholaena rosei is so dissimilar in every respect from N. lemmoni that one wonders 
upon what common ground the comparison of relationship could have been instituted 


1 Garden and Forest 4: 519. 1891. 


60 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


by Mr. Davenport. In general leaf shape only it resembles somewhat N. rigida, but 
the lamina is subtripinnate, instead of bipinnate. In most other characters, and 
particularly in its puberulous, dull stramineous (not lustrous dark castaneous) stipes 
and rachis, it is widely different. The rhizome and rhizome scales of the two species 
are wholly unlike. NV. rosei appears to have no very near relatives, 


MISCELLANEOUS NOTES AND CHANGES OF NAME. 


Adiantopsis rupicola Maxon, Contr. Nat. Herb, 10: 485. 1908. 
Two recent collections of this very distinct Cuban species may be reported, as follows: 
Bafios San Vicente, province of Pinar del Rio, September 12-16, 1910, Britton, 
Britton & Gager 7497; trail from Buenaventura to San Juan de Guacamalla, on rocky 
hillside, December 16, 1910, P. Wilson 9349. 


Cheilanthes aurea Baker in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 2. 476. 1874. 

Tyre Locaity: Matagua Valley, Guatemala, Salvin & Godman. 

DistripuTion: Apparently known only from Guatemala. 

Innustration: Hook. Icon. Pl. pl. 1637. 

The original specimens have not been seen by the writer, but the following plant 
accords perfectly with the diagnosis and later plate: 

Along the Rio Carracal, near Quetzaltepeque, Guatemala, altitude 1,000 meters 
(rare), 10, 7, 1882, Lehmann 1689. This number seems to have been omitted by Hier- 
onymus from his report on this collection. 

The specimen at hand, received from Captain Smith, was determined by Christ as 
Cheilanthes microphylla Sw. 


Cheiroglossa palmata (L.) Presl. 

In addition to the illustrations for this species cited in the North American Flora! 
may be mentioned plate 4 of Hooker’s Icones Plantarum (1837), which shows a small 
plant said to have come from the island of Bourbon, off the East African coast. In 
America the plant ranges from southern Florida throughout the West Indies to Mexico 
and Brazil. Its unusual distribution, which is common to a few other species of 
pteridophytes, is discussed by Doctor Christ in his recent work, Die Geographie der 
Farne, 1910. 


Dryopteris germaniana (Fée) (©. Chr. 

Christensen, in his second paper on the ferns of the group of Dryopteris opposita,? 
has extended the range of D. germaniana to Cuba, the species having been known 
previously only from Guadeloupe. Agreeing exactly with this Cuban specimen 
( Mazon 4059) is a plant received recently from Porto Rico, collected at Barranquitas, 
July, 1911, by Brother Hioram (no. 270), 


Goniophlebium eatoni (Baker) Maxon. PLATE 33. 

Polypodium ghiesbreghtti D.C. Eaton, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 618. 1873, not Linden, 

1867, 

Polypodium eatoni Baker, in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil, ed. 2. 511. 1874. 

Gontophlebium pringlei Maxon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 2°7: 953. pl. 48. 1904. 

An examination of the type specimens of P. ghiesbreghtii D. C. Eaton in the Eaton 
Herbarium, collected in Chiapas by Ghiesbreght (no. 273), shows them to be identical 
with G. pringlei, described several years ago upon specimens from the vicinity of 
Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Pringle 11855. 

In publishing G. pringlei the writer commented upon the peculiar character of one 
or more pairs of the basal pinnz, as follows: 

“Two additional sheets in the United States National Herbarium differ in having 
the second pair of pinne like the first—that is, free and cordate-clasping at the base 


116: 13. 1909, * Smiths. Misc. Coll. 52: 365-396. 1909, 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 33. 


’ os ce SBrenee | 
yeeseoee eee” 


oSaeereeeg} 


ee 
ahd on 


ae 
pee 


GONIOPHLEBIUM EATONI (BAKER) MAXON. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16 PLATE 34. 


GONIOPHLEBIUM RHACHIPTERYGIUM (LIEBM.) MOORE. 


MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 61 


below the midvein and fully adnate above, the adnate upper portion of the first pair 
overlapping the clasping base of the second, there being only a very slight connecting 
foliar wing along the rachis, In one of these (no. 460766), moreover, this condition 
occurs in the case of the third pair of pinne also, and the foliar wing becomes well 
developed only between the third and fourth pairs of pinne and between succeeding 
pinne. In all four sheets examined the superabundance of leafy tissue, which must 
have given a remarkable fluted appearance to the living fronds, is very noticeable.” 

One of the Ghiesbreght plants shows this peculiar condition so admirably that a 
\botographic illustration is given herewith (pl. 33). 

The species has been reported! by Doctor Christ also from Chiapas, the specimen 
collected by G. Munch. 


Goniophlebium rhachipterygium (Liebm.) Moore, Index Fil. 396, 1862. Pare 34. 

Polypodium rhachipterygium Liebm. Vid. Selsk. Skr. V. 1: 191. 1849. 

Polypodium stenoloma D. ©. Eaton, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 618. 1873. 

Polypodium donnell-smithii Christ, Bull. Herb. Boiss, IT. 6: 291. 1906. 

Doctor Christ has recently ? pointed out the identity of P. donnell-smithii, described 
from Guatemalan specimens collected by von Tiirckheim (Donnell Smith 8823), with 
the earlier P. stenoloma D. C. Eaton, founded upon Ghiesbreght 386, from Chiapas, 
Mexico. A still earlier publication of the species is that by Liebmann, mentioned 
above, whose specimens came from Teotalcingo, Chinantla, Oaxaca, Mexico, June, 
1842. A very complete sketch of these, together with a fragment, both sent by Mr. 
Christensen at the writer’s request, leaves no doubt as to their identity with the plants 
described subsequently by Professor Eaton and by Doctor Christ. 

The illustration presented herewith (pl. 34) is of the type specimens of P. stenoloma 
(herb. D. C. Eaton), showing the plants at about one-half natural size. 


Lycopodium dichaeoides Maxon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 231. 1905. 

Besides the two collections from Alta Verapaz originally mentioned, this species 
is known to the writer only upon Captain Smith’s no. 958, collected at Pansamala, 
Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, at about 1,200 meters elevation, by von Tiirckheim, in 
July, 1886. The species, though obviously related to L. aqualoupianum, is well 
marked by its short strobiles and its short, rigid, achene-like sporophyls. 


Notholaena rigida Davenp. 

The original specimens are from limestone ledges, Sierra de la Silla, Nuevo Leon, 
Mexico, May 31, 1889, Pringle 2599. The only other plants of this species seen by 
the writer are those collected near Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico, altitude 320 meters, 
February to April, 1907, by Dr. Edw. Palmer (no. 142). The species is strongly char- 
acterized by its lustrous, dark castaneous stipes and rachis and by its branched, lig- 
neous rhizome, the latter closely invested with very rigid, opaque, blackish scales. 


Pellaea notabilis Maxon, Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 500. 1908. 

A second record for this species rests upon two dwarfed fronds in the herbarium of 
the New York Botanical Garden: These were collected near San José, Tamaulipas, 
Mexico, altitude 600 to 1,100 meters, by Prof. James F. Kemp, of Columbia University, 
in 1902. They measure only 8 and 12 cm. high, respectively, and are thus much 
smaller than the original specimens, which are also from Tamaulipas. 


Polypodium duale Maxon, nom. nov. 

Acrostichum serrulatum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 128. 1788. 

Polypodium serrulatum Mett. Fil. Hort. Bot. Lips. 30. 1856, not Swartz, 1801. 

The above change of name for the diminutive tropical fern described from Jamaica 
by Swartz in 1788 as Acrostichum serrulatum is made necessary by the use of the same 


1 Bull. Herb. Boiss. I]. '7: 413. 1907. 2 Bull. Soc. Bot. Genéve 1: 220. 1909. 


62 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


species name under Polypodium by Swartz (in 1801) for a plant now known as Dryop- 
teris serrulata. The synonymy will be indicated in full in some notes on Polypodium 
duale and related species, to be published in the next paper of this series. Two other 
species names! subsequently applied are not valid under Polypodium. 


Polypodium heterotrichum Baker. 

A rare species hitherto recorded, apparently, only from Jamaica, where it occurs 
on trees in the higher forested slopes of the Blue Mountains, at 2,100 meters. Speci- 
mens have been received recently from Barranca Trinidad, State of Hidalgo, Mexico, 
May 10, 1904 (Pringle 13494). 


Polypodium jenmani Underw. nom. nov, 

“Polypodium lasiolepis” Jenman, Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica II. 4: 118. 1897, not 
Mett. 1869. 

The Jamaican plant described by Jenman as ‘‘ Polypodium lasiolepis Mett.’’ is not 
very closely related to P. lasiolepis of the Lesser Antilles, which is itself (together 
with P. grenadense Jenman) apparently a synonym of P, tenuiculum Fée. Jenman’s 
description is very complete. He compares the species with P. pendulum Swartz, 
pointing out, in part, that it differs from that species in its stronger rhizome, close and 
more decurrently adnate, ciliate segments, slightly hairy surface, terminal superficial 
sori, absence of glands, and different apex and base. He adds: ‘‘It is also ereet in 
growth, and the veins and midrib of the pinne are not raised on the upper side.”’ 

As a matter of fact, the relationship to P. pendulum is not very close, but that is a 
species very much misunderstood. 

The following specimens of P. jenmani are in the National Herbarium: 

Jamaica: At base of tree, slopes above Tweedside, altitude about 900 meters, 
Maxon 961. On trees, near Mabess River, altitude 900 meters, Maron 1535 
(= Underwood 2606). 


Polypodium leptostomum Fée, Mém. Foug 7: 58, pl. 2. f. 2. 1857. 

?Polypodium productum Maxon, Contr. Nat. Herb, 18: 11. 1909, not Christ, 1907. 

In assigning the name P, productum to a supposed new Guatemalan species in 1909 
the writer overlo»ked the earlier use of this name for a Philippine species by Christ.? 
A new name for the Guatemalan plant does not appear necessary at present, however, 
inasmuch as it resembles very closely P. leptostomum Fée, founded upon plants from 
Orizaba (W. Schaffner 210) and may prove identical with it. Specimens of the type 
collection bave rot been seen by the writer. 


' Micropteris orientalis Desv. Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 217. 1827, not P. orientale 
Gmel, 1791. Xiphopteris extensa Fée, Mém. Foug. 11: 14. 1866, not P. extensum 
Forst. 1786. 

* Philippine Journ, Sci. C. Bot. 2: 178. 1907. 


THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF NYMPHAEA. 


By Gerrit S. Miter, Jr., and Paut C, STANDLEY. 
INTRODUCTION. 
NOTE BY J. N. ROSE. 


There are some groups of plants whose taxonomy can be fairly 
well understood almost solely from ordinary herbarium material. 
There are others in which it is impossible to understand the true 
relationships from such material alone, and some even in which 
herbarium specimens are almost. useless. Among the last are the 
Cactaceae, many of the tropical Euphorbias, the Crassulaceae, and in 
general all the succulent plants. To be properly understood such 
plants should be seen growing, or should be studied from material 
preserved in alcohol or formalin, since in dry specimens most of the 
important characters are distorted beyond all possibility of recogni- 
tion. Among plants of this kind the Nymphaeaceae must be 
included. Most of our knowledge of the genus Nymphaea, judging 
from the literature of the North American species at least, has been 
derived from the study of dried herbarium material. Asa result, 
different authors have arrived at very different conclusions. Impor- 
tant peculiarities of habit and structure not discernible in such 
specimens have been overlooked, and our knowledge of the genus 
has not kept pace with the advances made in some other groups. 

About ten years ago Mr. Gerrit 5. Miller, jr., became interested in 
the genus Nymphaea from field observations of the plants occurring 
in central New York and in the vicinity of Washington, currently 
regarded as belonging to one species, Study of fresh and formalin- 
preserved material showed that there were important and easily 
recognizable differences between the northern form and that found 
farther south, differences in habit, color, and structure, scarcely to 
be detected in dried specimens. He published a brief paper in 1902? 
stating these differences and recognizing the northern plant as a 
distinct species. About the same time he began to bring together 
fresh material from all parts of North America to facilitate complete 
knowledge of the genus as represented there. This attempt was 
remarkably successful. The plants wherever they occur are well 
known as ‘‘yellow pond lilies,” hence, not only professional botanists, 


1 Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 11-13. 
. 63 


64 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


but those with little or no botanical knowledge, were able to secure 
the specimens desired. Numerous persons connected with the 
various branches of scientific work in Washington as well as botanists 
and others throughout the country assisted, so that finally a very 
large suite of specimens was brought together. This material con- 
sists at present of about two hundred and twenty jars of specimens 
preserved in formalin, besides an exhaustive series of dried specimens, 
the whole being deposited in the National Herbarium. Canada, 
Alaska, and practically every State in the Union are represented, 
except the Territories of New Mexico and Arizona, where the genus 
is not known to occur. This material was forwarded to Washington, 
sometimes in formalin, but more often fresh and merely wrapped in 
oiled paper. As soon as specimens were received careful notes were 
made on the color of the various parts. Tracings of some of the 
leaves were drawn, seeds were selected from the ripe fruits and dried, 
and in general a careful study was made of any peculiarities exhibited 
by the fresh plants. All but one of the species finally recognized 
were thus studied in the fresh condition. By the year 1904 enough 
material had been brought together to permit the determination of 
all but two of the nineteen forms of Nymphaea now known to occur 
in America. At this time pressure of other duties, necessitating 
several prolonged absences from Washington, made it impossible for 
Mr. Miller to continue the task of completing and publishing a 
revision of the genus, though he had written out the key to the 
species essentially in the form in which it now stands. At Mr. 
Miller’s request, Mr. J. H. Painter prepared to take up the work of 
elaborating the paper and procuring such additional material as was 
needed, but in December, 1908, this was interrupted by Painter’s 
tragic death. During the past year it has been resumed and brought 
to completion by Mr. Paul C. Standley, under whose authorship 
jointly with Mr. Miller’s the paper is now printed. 


AUTHORS’ INTRODUCTION. 


MATERIAL STUDIED. 


As stated by Doctor Rose, dry herbarium material is of little value 
for the study of this genus. When the species are once known, how- 
ever, most of them can be recognized in the dried state. Conse- 
quently, we have examined all the herbarium material available, 
with the result that we are able to map the areas of distribution of the 
better known species with some detail. In addition to showing the 
distribution of the various species upon outline maps, we have listed, 
with name of collector and date and locality of collection, all the 
specimens examined. These include all the material in the herbaria 


MILLER AND STANDLEY—NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHAEA. 65 


of the University of Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia Academy of 
Natural Science, the New York Botanical Garden and Columbia 
College, the Gray Herbarium, and the Missouri Botanical Garden 
(this containing the types of the Engelmann Herbarium), together 
with certain material from the University of California, that in the 
private herbarium of Dr. E. L. Greene, and, finally, all that in the 
National Herbarium. To those who have charge of these collections 
we are deeply indebted, either for the loan of the specimens or for 
facilities for their study. In addition, we are under obligations to 
the dozens of people all over the country who have responded to 
requests for living material. Their names, which are so numerous 
as to prohibit their full enumeration here, will be found in the lists 
of specimens examined. Without their assistance the work could 
not have been completed. 


HISTORY OF NAMES. 


NAMES APPLIED TO GENERA. 


Blephara J. E. Smith, Mem. & Corr, 1: 577. 1882. 

Before publishing the name Nuphar, Smith sent a diagnosis of the 
genus under the name Blephara to the Bishop of Carlisle in a letter 
dated November 17, 1808. This letter is printed in the ‘‘Memoir and 
Correspondence,” thus giving the name Blephara a definite status. 
The type is given as Nymphaea lutea. 

Nuphar J. E. Smith in Sibth. Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 361. 1808 or 1809 (title page 
dated 1806, but part containing this name not printed before December, 1808). 
Type, by monotypy, Nymphaea lutea L. A synonym of Nymphaea 

L., as restricted by Salisbury in 1806, and of Nymphozanthus 

L. C. Richard, May, 1808. 

Nymphaea L. Sp. Pl. 510. 1753. 

Type, N. lutea L. The genus originally contained the species lutea 
(misprinted lusea), alba, lotos, and nelumbo, representing the modern 
genera Nymphaea (lutea), Castalia Salisb., 1806 (alba and lotos), and 
Nelumbo Adans., 1763 (nelumbo). No type was designated, nor 
was any clue furnished to the author's intention. 

Under the American code of Botanical Nomenclature the types of 
the genera of Linneus’ Species Plantarum are to be determined 
through the citations given in his Genera Plantarum (1754). On 
page 227 of this work are cited under Nymphaea Tournefort’s plates 
137 and 138. These represent the white-flowered Castalia alba and 
the yellow-flowered Nymphaea lutea. Since Linneus gives no specific 
indication that either was the type of his genus, the first of the 
Linnean species common to the two works is to be regarded as the 
type. This is Nymphaea lutea L. 


66 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


In 1806 Salisbury,’ the first reviser of the genus Nymphaea restricted 
the name to a group containing lutea only of the original Linnean 
species, thus fixing the type, according to the practice of zoologists, 
Two years laterJ. E.Smith,? deliberately setting aside Salisbury’s per- 
fectly valid action, and overlooking the Nymphozanthus of Richard, 
May, 1808, re-restricted Nymphaea to the group represented by alba 
and dotos, and applied a new name, Nuphar, to lutea and its allies. 
Although not justified by any rules of nomenclature, Smith’s treat- 
ment of the subject received the general sanction of botanists for 
nearly eighty years. In 1887 and 1888, however, Greene * and Brit- 
ten * called attention to the errors and restored the correct names. 
Nymphona Bubani, Flora Pyrenaea 3: 259. 1901. 

A substitute for Nuphar proposed on account. of philological 
prejudices, the ancients having applied the wor¢ “nuphar” to the 
plant’s root. It is a synonym of Nymphaea. 

Nymphozanthus?® LL. ©. Richard, Démonstr. Bot. 68. 1808. 

A name based on the yellow-flowered species of the Linnean genus 
Nymphaea. As it was published in May, 1808, it antedates the 
Nuphar of Smith by at least seven months (see Britten, Journ. Bot, 
26; 7. January, 1888). 

Ropalon Raf. New FI. N. Amer. 2: 17. 1836. 
A synonym of Nymphaea based on Nymphaea sagittata Pers. 


NAMES APPLIED TO SPECIES. 


In addition to the names lutea and pumila originally applied to 
European members of the genus and erroneously used for American 
species, thirty names, including the ten published here for the first 
time, have been based on American plants. They are as follows: 
Advena. Nymphaea advena Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 226. 1789. 

This is the first name based on an American member of the genus. 
It was applied to a plant brought to the Kew Gardens in 1772 by 
William Young. As Young collected in South Carolina and in the 
neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,* there can be no ques- 
tion as to the applicability of the name to the common erect species 
characteristic of the Upper Austral zone. It has been more com- 
monly misapplied, however, to the floating-leaved Boreal plant. 


' Ann. Bot, 2:71. 

? See Memoir and Correspondence of Sir J. E. Smith. 1:575, 577-581. 1832. 

® Bull. Torrey Club 14: 177-179. September, 1887; 257-258, December, 1887; ibid., 
15: 84-85. March, 1888. 

* Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 26: 6-11. January, 1888. 

* Spelled Nymphozanthus on p. 63 and in the index, Nymphosanthus on p. 68 where 
the genus is defined. The second form may be regarded as an obvious misprint. 

6 See Britten, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 32: 332. N ovember, 1894, 


MILLER AND STANDLEY—NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHAEA. 67 


Americana. Nuphar americana Provancher, FI. Canad. 1: 28. 1862. 

Although intended merely as a substitute for advena this name is 
available for the Boreal species now better known as variegata. The 
diagnosis clearly refers to the northern plant, and the type locality, 
Lake St. Jean—Georgie, Quebec, is far beyond the range of Nymphaea 
advena. 

Arifolia. Nymphaea arifolia Salisb. Ann. Bot. 2:71. 1806. 
Another substitute for advena. 
Bombycina. See page 102. 
Chartacea. See page 94. 
Erythraea. See page 91. 
Fletcheri. Nymphaea fletcheri Lawson, Proc. & Trans. Royal Soc, Canada 6: 119, 
1888. 

Aname applied to Nymphaea rubrodisca. The author did not, how- 
ever, regard the plant as a distinct species, but as a hybrid between 
N. kalmiana and N. americana (‘‘advena’’). 

Fluviatilis. Nymphaea fluviatilis Harper, Bull. Torrey Club 83: 234, April, 1906. 

The only name based on a certain well-marked species, confined, 
so far as now known, to the State of Georgia. Type locality, near 
Groveland, Bryan County, Georgia. 

Fraterna. See page 82. 
Hastata. Nymphaea hastata Steud. Nom, Bot. ed. 2. 200. 1841. 

The entry is as follows: ‘‘[Nymphaea] hastata Michx. Nuphar 
sagittaefolia.”” 

Hybrida. Nuphar advena var. hybrida Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. Mus. Nat. Hist. 

34: 53. 1881. 

This is the earliest name for the peculiar Boreal plant better known 
as rubrodiscum and minor. In accordance with the American Code 
of Botanical Nomenclature it is at present set aside in favor of 
its synonym rubrodiscum. Type locality, Forked Lake, Hamilton 
County, New York. 

Kalmiana. Nymphaea lutea B kalmiana Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 311. 1803. 

The first name applied to the smallest of the three eastern Canadian 
species, but for the present displaced by the later microphylla. No 
locality further than ‘‘Canada” mentioned. 

Longifolia. Nymphaea longifolia Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 312. 1803. 

A synonym of N. sagittifolia Walt. 1788, as suspected by Michaux 

himself. ‘‘Hab. in amnibus Carolinae sept. et merid.’’ 


Ludoviciana. See page 92. 
Macrophylla. Nymphaea macrophylla Small, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 465. Sep- 
tember, 1898. 
The local race of advena occurring in northern and central Florida. 
Type locality, Eustis, Lake County. 
Microphylla. Nymphaea microphylla Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 63. 1807. 
Although published later than kalmiana Michx. 1803, this name, 
under the American Code, stands for the plant to which it was 
applied. 


68 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Minor. Nuphar advena var.? minor Morong, Bot. Gaz. 11: 167. July, 1886. 

A name originally applied to depauperate specimens of Nymphaea 
americana from Smith’s Pond near Litchfield, Herkimer County, 
New York, but afterward transferred by Watson and Coulter to 
N. rubrodisca (Gray’s Manual, ed. 6. 56. 1889). 

Orbiculata. Nymphaea orbiculata Small, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 128. April 30, 1896. 

The only name for a strikingly characterized, large-leaved species 
known from southern Georgia only. Type locality, a small lake 
near Thomasville, Thomas County. 

Ovata. See page 97. 
Ozarkana. See page 91. 
Pictum. Nuphar polysepalum pictum Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 2: 285. 1868. 

A synonym of polysepalum. 

Polysepalum. Nuphar polysepalum Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 2: 282. 1868. 

The first name based on the large-fruited western member of the 
genus. After mentioning specimens from various localities Engel- 
mann says: ‘‘* * * And finally, Dr. Parry gathered ample ma- 
terial and full notes, which have been largely used in the following 
description, in Osborn’s Lake in the same region [near Longs Peak, 
Colorado] at an altitude of 8,800 feet, where it grows with Menyanthes 
trifoium * * *.” As the description is almost wholly based on 
the Parry material, Osborn’s Lake must be accepted as the type 
locality of polysepalum. On page 285, however, the plant from the 
same lake receives a second name: ‘The flowers of Dr. Parry’s plant 
are more highly colored than that of Dr. Hayden’s [from a small lake 
between Henry’s Fork and Snake Fork of the Columbia River] and 
may preserve the name of var. pictum, which the discoverer has 
applied to the species.” The name pictum is thus an exact synonym 
of polysepalum. 

Puberula. See page 99. 
Rubrodiscum. Nuphar rubrodiscum Morong, Bot. Gaz. 11: 167. 1886. 

The first specific name given to the plant originally described aa a 
subspecies under the name hybrida. The author apparently regarded 
the plant, which he found on the Vermont shore of Lake Champlain, 
as a species in process of formation from a hybrid. ‘Intermediate 
between N. advena [=americana] and the following [microphylla], and 
produced from a hybrid between them. Still a hybrid in many 
localities.” , 

Sagittaefolia. Nuphar sagittacfolia Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 370. 1814. 

Substitute for sagittifolia Walt. 1788. 

Sagittata. Nymphaea sagittata Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 63. 1807. 

This is merely another name for Nymphaea sagittifolia. 
Sagittifolia. Nymphaea sagittifolia Walt. Fl. Carol. 155. 1788. 

The first name based on the plant to which it is currently applied. 
No type locality is mentioned, but the preface to the Flora is sub- 
scribed: ‘‘Carolinae Meridionalis, ad Ripis Fluvii Santee.”’ 


MILLER AND STANDLEY—NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHAEA. 69 


Tomentosum. Nuphar advena 8 tomentosum Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Amer. 1: 58, 1838. 
This name was based on a specimen of Nymphaea advena collected 
by Thomas Nuttall in the vicinity of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 
and labeled by him Nuphar tomentosum. It is still extant in the 
herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The 
supposed pubescence of the petioles and lower surface of the leaves is 
merely a dense growth of alge. 
Ulvacea. See page 97. 


Variegata. Nuphar advena var. variegatum Engelm, in A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 57, 
1867. 


Under this name, based apparently on specimens from Michigan, 
Nymphaea americana was first, though imperfectly, distinguished 
from N. advena. Later it was used in binomial form for the same 
plant by G.S. Miller.’ 


SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT. 
NYMPHAEA L. 


1753. Nymphaea L. Sp. Pl. 510. Type, Nymphaea lutea L. (Salisbury, Ann. Bot. 
2:71. 1806.) 

1808. Nymphozanthus L. C. Richard, Démonstr. Bot. 63-68. Type, Nymphaea 
lutea L. (Misprinted Nymphosanthusy the correct spelling on p. 63 and in 
index.) May, 1808. 

1808 or 1809. Nuphar J. E. Smith in Sibth. Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 361. December, 
1808, or early in 1809. Type, Nymphaea lutea L. 

1832. Blephara J. E. Smith, Mem. & Corr. 1:576. (Substitute for Nuphar suggested 
but not adopted.) 

1836. Ropalon Raf. New Fl. N. Amer. 2:17. Type, Nymphaea sagittata Pers. 

1887. Nymphaea Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 14: 177-179. September, 1887; 257- 
258. December, 1887. 

1901. Nymphona Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 3: 259. (Substitute for Nuphar.) Type species, 
Nymphaea lutea L. 

DistrRiBUTION: I’resh-water ponds and sluggish streams (rarely in damp ground 
away from water) of the Holarctic Region from northern Europe and Asia to the 
Mediterranean and Japan and from Alaska and northern Canada to Cuba and north- 
eastern Mexico. 

DescripTion: Perennial aquatics with stout, creeping rootstocks; leaf blades 
entire, with a deep sinus at the base, narrowly lanceolate to orbicular, floating or 
emersed, on slender or stout, cylindric or flattened petioles; submersed leaves often 
present, these thin and delicate; sepals 5 to 12, orbicular to oblong or spatulate, con- 
cave, greenish, tinged with yellow or red; petals numerous, linear to oblong, thick, 
stamen-like or scale-like, inserted with the very numerous stamens on the receptacle 
under the ovary; stigma disk-like, with few to many rays; fruit ovoid to columnar, 
usually ripening above the water; seeds mostly ovoid, yellow or brown, smooth and 
shining, numerous. 

The Old World forms of Nymphaea are so imperfectly known that it is impossible 
to make any satisfactory estimate of the number of species in the genus. The Old 
World species are recognized by Engler and Prantl as about five. Half a dozen 


1 Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15:18. February 18, 1902. 


70 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


forms have until recently been supposed to represent the specific differentiation of the 
American members of the group. Their number is now increased to nineteen. 


KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES. 


Width of leaf blade less than half the length; sinus less 
than one-fourth the length of the blade. 
Sinus usually closed; length of blade 2.5 times the 
breadth or less; fruit about 2 cm. long; seeds 
3 mm. long; stigma rays elliptical; leaves 
acutish.........2.. 222.0022 2 eee eee eee ll. N. ulvacea. 
Sinus usually open; length of blade over 3 times the 
breadth; fruit about 3 cm. long; seeds 4 mm. 
long; stigma rays linear; leavesobtuse....... 10. . sagittifolia. 
Width of leaf more than one-half its length; sinus one- 
half to one-fourth the length of the blade. 
Calyx of more than 6, usually 9, parts............... 17. N. polysepala. 
Calyx of usually 6 parts. 
’ Petioles conspicuously flattened; leaves floating. 
Anthers shorter than the filaments. 
Stigma rays less than 10; flowers less 
than 20 mm. in diameter; sepals 
NAITOW. . 2.2... eee eee eee eee eee 1. N. microphylla. 
Stigma rays more than 10; flowers 
about 30 mm. in diameter; sepals 
broad. 22... 2..2.-22.-2222-025- 2. N. rubrodisca. 
Anthers at least equaling the filaments. 
Capsules about 40 mm. high and 30 mm. 
in diameter; flowers about 45 
mm. in diameter; leaves broadly 
rounded. .........2.-.----2----- 3. N. americana. 
Capsules about 25 mm. high and 18 
mm. in diameter; flowers 22 to 
26 mm. in diameter; leaves 
acutish......22.2...0.2.2222.-- 4. N. fraterna. 
Petioles subterete; leaves erect or floating. 
Lower surface of leaves glabrous. 
Leaves ofan orbicular type............ 8. N. fluviatilis. 
Leaves conspicuously longer than broad. 
Submersed leaves present; leaves 
and sepals very thin... .... 9. N. chartacea. 
Submersed leaves wanting; leaves 
and sepals thick. 
Sinus closed; stigma rays 
usually more or less con- 
fluent at the base, 
broad; disk usually 
oval... .....2....... 7. N. ludoviciana. 
Sinus usually open; stigma 
rays not confluent at 
the base, narrower; disk 
orbicular, 


MILLER AND STANDLEY—-NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHAEA. 71 


Fruit not tinged with red 

when mature. 
Leaves 15 to 35 cm. 
long; rounded 


at the apex.... 5. N. advena. 
Leaves 25 to 50 cm. 
long,acutish... 5a. NW. advena macrophylla. 


Fruit conspicuously tinged 
with red at matu- 
rity. 

Leaves large, 25 to 40 
cm. long, acut- 
ish; seeds very 
numerous...... 5b. NW. advena erythraea. 

Leaves smaller, 12 to 
20 cm. long, 
broadly round- 
ed at the apex; 
seeds few (15 to 


30).....------- 6. N. ozarkana. 
Lower surface of the leaves more or less 
pubescent. 
Leaf blades of an oval type; pubes- 
cence dense.................-6- 12. N. ovata. 
Leaf blades orbicular in outline, or 
nearly so. 


Lower surface of leaves with little 
pubescence; petioles nearly 
glabrous; leaves 16 to 21 
cm. wide........-.......-.- 13. N. puberula. 
Lower surface of leaves and peti- 
oles covered with a dense, 
silvery, silky pubescence. 
Fruit small, 18 to 24 mm. in 
diameter; stigma rays 
about 12 (9 to 14); leaves 
16 to 24 cm. wide...... 14. N. microcarpa. 
Fruit larger, 45 to 50 mm. in 
diameter; stigma rays 
much more numerous; 
leaves 30 to 50 cm. wide. 
Sinus closed; stamens in 
9 or 10 rows; diam- 
eter of flowers about 
50 mm.; seeds about 
4 mm. long and 3 
mm. thick........ 15. N. orbiculata. 
Sinus open; stamens in 
6 or 7 rows; diame- 
ter of flowers about 
70 mm.; seeds about 
6 mm. long and 4.6 
mm. thick........ 16. N. bombycina. 


22075°—12——-2 


72 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


1. Nymphaea microphylla Pers.! 


Nymphaea lutea L. Sp. Pl. 810. 1753, in part. 

Nymphaea lutea B kalmiana Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 311. 1803. 

Nymphaea microphylla Pers. Syn. Pl. 63. 1807; Robins. & Fern. in Gray, Man. 
ed. 7. 391. 1908. 

Nymphaea kalmiana Sims, Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 1243. 1809; Britton, Man. ed. 2. 
407. 1905. 

Nuphar kalmiana Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 8: 295. 1811. 

Nuphar lutea kalmiana Torr. Fl. N. Y. 1: 40. 1843. 

TYPE LocaLity: Eastern Canada. 

DistripuTion.—Eastern Canada, south through New York to eastern Pennsyl- 
vania and northern New Jersey. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Floating leaves oval to broadly oblong or suborbicular, thin, broadly rounded at the 
apex, 35 to 100 mm. long and 35 to 75 mm. wide, the sinus 15 to 35 mm. deep, two- 
thirds as long as the midrib or more; sinus narrowly tri- 
angular, or closed, the lobes just meeting, these triangular, 
acutish; veins rather inconspicuous, glabrous above, gen- 
erally somewhat pubescent beneath, especially when 
young; submersed leaves orbicular, very thin, somewhat 
crispate, of about the same size as the floating ones, their 
sinuses usually more open; peduncles and petioles terete, 
very slender; flowers depressed-obovoid, about 18 mm. in 
diameter and 12 mm. high when normally open, the 
perianth when spread measuring about 30 mm.; sepals 5, 
obovate or elliptical, about 10 mm. long and 6 to 8 mm. 
wide, scarcely overlapping when expanded, obtuse at the 
apex, not contracted into a claw at the base; petals7 to 10, 
Fic. 2—Leaf outline of Nym- broadly spatulate, 6 mm. long and 3mm. wide; stamensin3 
phaea microphylla. Scale 4. rows, about 15 to the row; filaments linear, cuneate, 5 mm. 
long, 1 mm. wide; anthers one-half as long as the filament; 
sepals gamboge yellow throughout, except those parts exposed in the bud, these 
apple green; petals orange, narrowly edged with gamboge yellow; anthers maize yellow, 
filaments gamboge; ovary pale apple green slightly variegated with yellow and much 
tinged with burnt carmine, especially on the ridges and at the base, the disk burnt 
carmine; fruit very small, ovoid, strongly constricted above into a 
neck 3 mm. long, the whole about 14 mm. high and 11 mm. in 
diameter, smooth except near the top, there faintly ribbed; stig- ge 
matic disk orbicular or oval, crenate, plane, 4 or 5 mm. in diam- 


eter; stigma rays 6 to 10, extending almost to the edge of the disk, Fic. 3.Stigmatic 


pattern of Nym- 


somewhat confluent in the center, with no trace of a median groove; phaea micro- 
color of fruit oil green, the disk bright red, often edged with yellow, phylla. Natural 
the body of the fruit usually with more or less of red; seeds oblong, “ie 


3mm. long and 2 mm. in diameter, yellowish brown, shining. (PLareEs 35, A; 36, A. 
FIGURES 2, 3, 4, c.) 


* The use of the synonym microphylla in place of the original name kalmiana is in 
conformity with article 49 of the Vienna Code, which provides that ‘‘when a tribe 
becomes a family * * * a subdivision of a species becomes a species, or the 
reverse * * * the earliest name (or combination of names) received by the group 
in its new position must be regarded as valid, if it is in conformity with the rules, unless 
there exist any of the obstacles indicated in the articles of section 7.”’ Although ‘‘this 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 35, 


A. FRUIT OF NYMPHAEA MICROPHYLLA PERS. 


B. FRuIt OF NYMPHAEA FRATERNA MILLER & STANDLEY. 


C. FRUIT OF NYMPHAEA ADVENA AIT. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 36. 


SEEDS OF SEVERAL SPECIES OF NYMPHAEA. 


MILLER AND STANDLEY—-NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHAEA. 73 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 35.—A. Fruit of Nymphaea microphylla. 3B. Fruit of Nymphaea fraterna, type 
collection. C. Fruit of Nymphaea advena. A1l natural size. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 36.—Seeds of (A) Nymphaea microphylla, (B) N. rubrodisca, (C) N. americana, 
(D) N. fraterna, (E) N. advena. (F) N. advena macrophylla, (G) N. ozarkana. All natural size. 
Specimens examined: 

In formalin— 

Mare: Birch Brook near north end of Cross Lake, Eagle Lake Chain, Aroostook 
County, 1903, W. C. Kendall. 

New Hampsuire: Cambridge River near Lake Umbagog, 1905, Kendall. 

New York: Piseco, 1901, W. L. Ralph; Gray, 1901, J. Perkins; Lake Champlain, 
1901, Eggleston. 

Dried !— 

Canapba: Fredericton, New Brunswick, 1892, Fowler (Gray); Amqui Station, 
Metapedia River, 1882, Macown 97; Otter Slide Lake, Ontario, 1900, Macoun 
21699; St. Johns County, New Brunswick, 1869, Fowler; near Quebec, Mrs. 
Percival (C.);St. Johns River, New Brunswick, 1885, G. U. Hay (C.); Saguenay 
River, 1890, 7. F. Allen (C.); Moose River Basin, Northern Ontario, 1903, 
J. M. Bell; Punk Island, Lake Winnipeg, 1884, Macoun. 

MaINeE: Moosehead Lake, 1875, Charles E. Smith; Cabossucontu Lake, Monmouth, 
1899, W. C. Kendall; shallow pond, St. Francis, Aroostook County, 1893, Fer- 
nald 10; Sunkhaze Stream, Milford, 1892, Fernald (N. E.); West Baldwin, 
Cumberland County, 1894, Furbish (N. E.); Piscataquis River, Dover, 1894, 
Fernald (N. E.); Orono, 1878, Scribner (Greene); Penobscot River, Somerset 
County, 1882, Charles E. Smith (Phila.); near the east branch of the Penob- 
scot, 1847, A. Young, jr. (C.); without locality, 1847, Thurber (Gray); Green, 
1878, Scribner (Mo.); Winthrop, 1862, Sturtevant (Mo.). 

Vermont: Shelburn, 1879, Pringle; Winooski River, Colchester, 1876, Pringle; 
Joes Pond, Danville, 1894, Grant & Eggleston (C.); Lake Memphremagog, 
1860 (N. Y.); Little Otter Creek, Ferrisburg, 1880, Z. & C. E. Faxon (Gray); 
Shoreham, 1878, Brainerd (Mo.); Burlington, 1841, John Carey (Mo.). 

New Hampsuire: Ponds, no locality, Oakes Herbarium. 


action is in the highest degree arbitrary, as contravening a cardinal principle” (more 
specifically article 15 of the Vienna Code itself: namely, that the only valid designation 
of a group of plants is the earliest name applied to it within certain clearly defined 
limitations) article 49 is one of the portions of the Vienna Code accepted by the Nomen- 
clature Commission of the Botanical Club of the American Association for the Advance- 
ment of Science, and thus incorporated in the American Code of 1907 now used as the 
standard by writers in the Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. 
Apart from its contravention of the ‘‘cardinal principle” which lies at the base of all 
stability in nomenclature, article 49 is further objectionable on account of the encour- 
agement which it offers to slovenly and incomplete study of the literature, and to the 
multiplication of useless new names; while finally, though here the situation is bright- 
ened by a note of comedy, it rests on the tacit assumption that between tribe and 
family, or subgenus and genus, or subspecies and species, there is an actual, knowable 
difference of kind.—G. 8. M. 

1 The letters in parentheses refer to the herbaria where the species are to be found. 
“Gray” denotes the Gray Herbarium; ‘‘N. Y.,”’ that of the New York Botanical 
Garden; ‘‘C,”’ the herbarium of Columbia College, deposited at the New York Bo- 
tanical Garden; ‘‘Mo.,’’ the Missouri Botanical Garden; ‘‘N. E.,’’ the herbarium of 
the New England Botanical Club, deposited with the Gray Herbarium; ‘‘Greene,”’ 
the private herbarium of Dr. E. L. Greene; ‘‘Phila.,’’ the herbarium of the Academy 
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. All specimens not marked thus are in the Na- 
tional Herbarium. 


74 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Specimens examined—Continued. 
Dried—Continued. 

Massacuusetts: Holyoke, 1883, G. R. Lumsden; Concord River, Concord, 1886, 
H. 8S. Richardson (N. E.); Northampton, 1871, Jesup. 

Connecticut: Milford Pond, in river meadow, 1895, Eames; Derby, Oakes (Phila.); 
North Haven, 1899, C. H. Bissell 335 (N. Y.); Reynolds Bridge, 1898, E. B. 
Harger (N. E.) 

New York: Troy, Dr. W. E. A. Atkin (Phila.); near Niagara, Doctor Eddy (C.); 
Raquette Lake, 1896 (C.); Penn Yan, Sartwell (Gray); Albany Lake, 1879, 
Ward; Gray, Herkimer County, 1901, House; McDonough, 1884, A. L. Coville. 


- 
- 
-- 
-- 


- 
-—-"" 
-- 


rd ¥ 
aeeoer” o-- eee eer 
- 
a cee 
reese “eee, 
aodant . 


%, 


iy ‘ 


Fig. 4.—Map showing distribution of (a) Nymphaea microcarpa; (b) N. orbiculata; (c) N. microphylla. 


PENNSYLVANIA: Colliers Ferry, Lancaster County, 1863, Porter (Gray); Toby- 
hanna Creek, Pocono Mountains, 1858, T'raill Green (Gray); Naomi Pines, 
Monroe County, 1893, Dr. & Mrs. Britton; Monroe County, Traill Green, 
Silver Lake, Pike County, 1899, Stewardson Brown (Phila.); Bristol, 1865, 
C. F. Parker (Phila.); Philadelphia, Nuttall (Phila.); head of Naomi Pines 
Lake, 1904, Harshberger (Mo.). 
New Jersey: Closter, 1860, Austin (C.); Pompton Lake, Pompton, 1892, Morong 
(C.). 
This, the smallest of our Nymphaeas, is the American representative of the Palearctic 
N. pumila. Indeed it has often been considered identical with that species. The 


MILLER AND STANDLEY—-NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHAEA. 75 


leaves of the two are much alike, so too the flowers, in size at least. The anthers of our 
plant are oblong, while in N. pumila they are cubical. In the European species the 
stigmatic disk is only partially tinged with orange-red, while in our plant the whole 
disk is a dark carmine. 
Michaux, in the original description of the plant, says: ‘‘Quamvis differentiam 
specificam verbis notare non possim; diverse tamen videtur.’’ Evidently he had 
only dried specimens, otherwise it would have 
been very easy to separate it from Nymphaea 
lutea, of which he considered it a subspecies. 


2. Nymphaea rubrodisca (Morong) Greene.' 


Nuphar advena hybrida Peck, Ann. Rep. 
N. Y. Mus. Nat. Hist. 34: 53. 1881. 
Nuphar rubrodiseum Morong, Bot. Gaz. 11: 
167. 1886. 
Nymphaea rubrodisca Greene, Bull. Torrey 
Club 15: 84. 1888; Robins. & Fern. in 
A. Gray, Man. ed. 7. 391. 1908. 
Nymphaea fletcheri Lawson, Proc. & Trans. 
Roy. Soc. Canada 64: 119. 1888. 
Nuphar advena minus Wats. & Coult. in A. 
Gray, Man. ed. 6. 56. 1889, not Morong. 
Nymphaea hybrida Peck, Bull. N. Y. State 
Mus. 6: 75. 1899; Britton, Man. ed. 2. 407. 
1905. 
Type tocauiry: Lake Champlain, Vermont. 
on. ; . di DisTRIBUTION: Quebec and Ontario, through 
Fia. 5. narra rubrodisca, New York and the New England States to 
eastern Pennsylvania and northern New Jer- 
sey, also in eastern Minnesota and western Wisconsin. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Floating leaves 75 to 200 mm. long, 55 to 145 mm. wide, oval or ovate, rounded at 
the apex; sinus about half as long as the midrib or slightly longer, closed or very 
narrow; blades rather thin, glabrous, their lobes oblong-triangular 
or rounded-triangular, obtuse; submersed leaves well developed, 
very thin, crispate, broadly oblong or ovate, broadly rounded and 
retuse at the apex, of about the same size as the floating ones, their 
sinuses broader and more open; rootstocks comparatively slender, 
somewhat flattened, about 25 mm. in their longest diameter, the FG. 6.—Stigmatie 
leaf scars elliptical or oval, 8 to 10 mm. long; flowers 25 to 35 mm. peter “" ayn 
in diameter, 20 mm. high, depressed-globose; sepals usually 5, vetural sive. 
glabrous, rather thin, all similar, oblong or oval or almost orbicular, 
obtuse or truncate, only slightly narrowed at the base; petals spatulate, truncate, 8 or 
9 mm. long; stamens in 4 or 5 rows, their anthers about one-half as long as the filaments, 
sometimes longer, but always shorter than the filaments; sepals canary yellow, with 
or without red on their inner surfaces, the red when present less vivid than in ameri- 
cana; petals clear yellow or slightly tinged with green; stamens yellow, the anthers 
light buff; ovary greenish yellow, lighter than the sepals and stamens, faintly marked 


1 The use of the synonym rubrodisca in place of the original name hAybrida is in ac- 
cordance with article 49 of the Vienna Code. See footnote under Nymphaea micro- 
phylla, p. 72.—G. 8. M. 


76 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


with carmine beneath the disk, the disk carmine; fruit ovoid, slightly constricted 
above, about 22 mm. high and 10 mm. in diameter, rather strongly and coarsely ribbed; 
disk when mature about 11 mm. in diameter, orbicular, its edge undulate; stigma rays 
8 to 13, usually 10 to 12, linear, 3 mm. long, extending almost to the edge of the disk, 
distinct, with no trace of a median line, the center deeply depressed, smooth; fruit 
when mature dark purplish brown; seeds ovoid, 2.5 to 3mm. long, 1.5 to 2 mm. in 
diameter, light brown, shining. (Pxate 36, B, facing p. 73. Ficures 5, 6, 7, 6.) 


Specimens examined: 
In formalin— 

CANADA: Ottawa, 1901, Fletcher. 

New Hampsuire: Cambridge River near Lake Umbagog, 1905, W. C. Kendall. 

New York: Smiths Pond; Gray, 1901, J. Perkins; Blind Bay near Fishers Land- 
ing, Jefferson County, 1902, Mazon; Thousand Island Park, 1902, Maxon; 
Lake Champlain, 1901, Eggleston. 

WISCONSIN: West Superior, 1902, Charles Bullard. 

Dry— 

Canapa: Danville, Quebec, 1894, Berg (C.); near Pictou, Nova Scotia, 1901, 
Howe & Lang 610 (N. Y.); Red Pine Lake, 1900, Macoun 23261 and 23262 
(N. Y.); Whites Lake, 1900, Macoun 21698 (N. Y.); Brigham Creek, Ottawa 
River, 1882, Fletcher; Ottawa, 1902, Fletcher; St. Francis River, Quebec, 
Eggleston 3010. 

Maine: Androscoggin River, Auburn, 1896, Merrill 4430 (N. E.); Birch Brook, 
north end of Cross Lake, Eagle Lake Chain, Aroostook County, 1903, W. C. 
Kendall; Hartford, 1886, Parlin (Gray); Milford, 1892, Fernald (Gray); Valley 
of the St. Francis River, Aroostook County, 1902, Eggleston & Fernald (N.E.); 
Mattawamkeag Lake, Aroostook County, 1897, Fernald (N. E.); Bradley, 
1890, Fernald (N. E.). 

New Hampsutre: Gilmore Pond, Jaffrey, 1897, Robinson 263 (Gray). 

Vermont: Joes Pond, Danville, 1894 (C.); Lake Champlain, Ferrisburg, 1879, 
Brainerd (C.); Burlington, 1878, Pringle (N. Y.); Manchester, 1898, M. A. 
Day (Gray); Williamstown, 1881, L. & C. E. Faxon (Gray); Lake Champlain, 
1873, H. G. Jesup (Gray); sluggish tributaries of Lake Champlain, 1879, 
Pringle. 

Massacnusetts: Woburn, 1909, Wim. Boott (Gray); Ashburnham, 1896, Sydney 
Harris (N. E.). 

New York: Wilmurt Lakes, Herkimer County, 1901, House; vicinity of Fishers 
Landing, Jefferson County, 1902, Robinson & Maxon 75; Carpenters Pond, 
Onondaga County, 1903, House; Troy, 1876, J. H. Wibbe (Greene); Raquette 
Lake, 1896 (C.); Troy, 1829, Doctor Atkin; Bronx River, Williams Bridge, 
1890, Bicknell (C.); ponds in the Adirondacks, 1884, Morong (N. Y.); West- 
chester County, Williams Bridge, Dr. 7. P. Allen (N. Y.); Smiths Pond, 
Herkimer County, 1855 (Gray); Gorham, Doctor Torrey. 

New Jersey: Barrack Creek, Burlington, Solomon Conrad (Phila.); Pompton 
Lake, Pompton, 1892, Morong (C.); Green Pond, Morris County, 1894, Wm. 
Van Sickle. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Pocono Plateau, Monroe County, 1893, Dr. & Mrs. Britton. 

WIscoNSIN: West Superior, 1902, Charles Bullard. 

Minnesota: Daniels Lake, 1891, #. F. Wolf; Vermilion, 1891, Sandberg 500. 

This species is so readily distinguishable from the other American members of the 
genus, and particularly from those which occupy the same general region, that no 
special comparisons are required. By many authors the plant has been regarded as a 
hybrid between Nymphaea americanaand N. microphylla. Itscharactersare for the most 
part intermediate between those of the two better-known plants. It shows a less degree 


MILLER AND STANDLEY—-NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHAEA. TT 


-of fertility than other members of the genus, so much so that ripe fruit with well-devel- 
oped seeds is not easily obtained. In geographic range it appears to be a boreal form, 
occurring therefore in the same region as NV. microphylla, and in that part of the range of 
N. americana which extends north of the Transition Zone and overlaps that of the 
smaller plant. All of these facts might readily be construed as indicating a hybrid 
origin. On the other hand the characters of Nymphaea rubrodisca are quite as con- 
stant as in other American species, and no specimens are yet known which show any 
tendency to reversion toward either of the supposed parents. The plant is by no 
meansinvariably found locally associated with both N. americana and N. microphylla, as 


s 
Pose eee ee 


-_ 
oe 
- 


_eoorr™ 
a-- 
-- 
le ae 


o=ste 
-- = 
- ~*~ 


- 
ate 
woneeer7” 

oo 


Fig. 7.—Map showing distribution of (a) Nymphaea ovata; (b) N. rubrodisca; (c) N. ludoviciana; (d) N. 
ulvacea; (e) N. bombycina; (f) N. sagittifolia. 


either or both of these may be absent from the particular stream or pond in which it 
grows;' while in general distribution it extends decidedly beyond the western limit of 
the range of N. microphylla as now known. Finally, it is not unusual among plants for 
certain members of a genus to produce fruit less abundantly than others, particularly 
in groups where asexual reproduction and dispersal can readily occur. The hypothe- 
sis of hybrid origin seems, therefore, to present the greater number of difficulties, and 
until more facts can be brought to its support we prefer not to accept it. 


1Tt was found thus alone by Peck at the type locality of hybrida, 


783 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


3. Nymphaea americana (Provancher) Miller & Standley. 


Nuphar americana Provancher, Fl. Canad. 29. 1862, excluding synonyms. 
Nuphar variegatum Engelm.; Peck, Ann. Rep. Univ. N. Y. 19:73. 1866. 
Nuphar advena variegatum Engelm. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 57. 1867. 

Nuphar advena minor Mo- 
rong, Bot. Gaz. 11: 167. 
1886. 

Nymphaea variegata G. 8. 
Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. 
Washington 15: 13. 
1902. 

‘‘Nymphaea advena So- 
land.’’ Small, Fl. South- 
east. U. 8, 456. 1903, in 
part; Britton, Man. ed. 
2. 407. 1905, in part. 

Nymphaea advena variegata 
Fernald, Rhodora 10: 
49. 1908. 

TYPE LocaALiTy: Lake St. 

Jean-Georgie, Quebec. 

DIsTRIBUTION: Eastern 

Canada westward to British 
Columbia, south to Montana, 
Nebraska, northern Indiana, 
and Ohio, eastern Pennsyl- 
vania, and New Jersey. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Floating leaves usually 17 
to 28 cm. long and 11 to 22 
cm. wide, oblong or oval, the 
blades averaging narrower 
and smaller than in advena, slightly but noticeably narrowed towards the apex, 
the sinus 50 to 75 mm. deep, closed or very narrow, the lobes semiorbicular or 
oblong; submersed leaves sometimes but not always present, similar in form to 
the floating ones but broader, very thin and membranous; petioles slender, con- 
spicuously flattened, with a conspicuous median ridge form- 
ing a prolongation of the midrib; peduncles terete, slender, 
glabrous; flowers about 45 mm. in diameter, 30 mm. high, the 
perianth when spread measuring about 100 mm., in other 
particulars similar to those of advena; petals about 16, the 
largest 8 mm. wide at the apex and sometimes almost spatu- 
late; stamens usually in 6 rows, about 26 to the row; filaments Fic. 9.—Stigmatic pat- 
often 4 mm. wide; color of flowers variable but usually quite tern of Nymphaea 
distinct from that of N. advena; outside of outer sepals oil Sue Natural 
green, the inner ones lemon yellow outside; lower half of , 

‘inner surface of all sepals usually, although not invariably, red, this color some- 
times covering the whole inner side of the smaller sepals, the exact shade varying in 
different specimens from a mere indefinite tinge in the yellow to a bright pure maroon; 
petals clear yellow or sometimes bright parrot green, usually tipped with green, and 


Fia, 8.—Leaf outline of Nymphaea americana. Seale, }. 


PLATE 37. 


16. 


Contr. Nat, Herb., Vol. 


"YNVLNOI ‘SNV7] GVSHLVI4 NI SASTONVLS 3 HST (YSHONVAOH) YNVOINSWY YSVHIWAN 


PLATE 38. 


at. Herb., Vol. 16 


! 
\ 


Contr. N 


SLLSSNHOWSSW) “OT3SISONIHdS WOUS ‘ATTONVIS I YATTIW (YSHONVAOU) VNVOINSWY VAVHdWAN 4O LIN 


MILLER AND STANDLEY—NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHAEA. 79 


occasionally tinged or tipped with red; stamens clear, bright lemon yellow throughout; 
fruit smaller than that of advena, 40 mm. high and 30 mm. in diameter, ovoid, con- 
spicuously constricted above, the ribs less prominent and the crater more shallow 
than in that species, the crater usually about 5 mm. deep; margin of the disk definitely 
although not deeply crenate; stigma rays 7 to 25, usually 12, 13, or 14, extending to 
within 1 mm. or less of the edge of the disk; capsule oil green, usually tinged with red, 
and often becoming a bright red with age; in the brightest colored fruits the stigmatic 
region usually remaining greenish yellow in striking contrast; seeds similar to those of 
N. advena but smaller, about 5 mm. long, the greater diameter 3.6 mm., the lesser 
diameter 3.2 mm., less compressed and witha less prominent raphe. (PLATEs 36, C, 
facing p. 73; 37, 38. Fiacures 8, 9, 10,c.) 

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 37, 38.—PIl. 37, Nymphaea americana, in Flathead Lake, Montana. Photo- 


graphed by Prof. M. J. Elrod. PI. 38, fruit of Nymphaea americana, collected at Springfield, Massachusetts, 
by Mr. Frederick Knab. Natural size. 


Specimens examined: 
Formalin— 

Canaba: Port aux Basques, Newfoundland, 1901, F. W. True; 150-mile House, 
Cariboo, British Columbia, 1901, A. C. Brooks; near Toronto, 1901, J. H. 
Fleming; Lake Joseph, Muskoka, Ontario, 1902, Fleming; Ottawa, 1902, 
Fletcher; Pointe 4 Pic, 1902, D. G. Elliott; St. Clair River near Walpole, 
Ontario. 

Marne: Maneskootuck, Rangeley, 1901, F. S. Dickson; Green Lake, 1901, E. E. 
Race; Cape Niddick, 1901, Charles Bullard; Little Sebago Lake; Birch 
Brook, Eagle Lake Chain, Aroostook County, 1903, W. C. Kendall. 

New HampsuireE: Intervale, 1901, G. M. Allen; Mud Pond, tributary to first 
Connecticut Lake, Coos County, 1904. 

Vermont: Lake Champlain, 1901, Eggleston. 

Massacuusetts: Springfield, 1901, Frederick Knab; Wareham, 1901, 0. Bangs; 
Stockbridge, 1908, J. A. Loring. 

Connecticut: Pembroke Lake near Bridgeport, 1902, G. A. Meeker. 

RuoveE Isranp: Lymansville, 1901, Angell & Cash; without locality, 1900, 
Mearns. 

New Jersey: New Bedford, Monmouth County, 1902, M. W. Lyon; Clementon, 
1902, S. N. Rhoads; Spring Lake, 6 miles south of Ocean Grove, 1902, Lyon. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Three and one-half miles east of Lopez, Sullivan County, 1901, 
Witmer Stone; pond near Lehigh River at Lehigh Gap, Lehigh County, 
1901, J. A. G. Rehn; Shady Nook. 

New York: Chautauqua Lake, 1901, M. Schlegel; Peterboro, 1901, B. D. Miller; 
Piseco, 1901, W. L. Ralph; Lake Titus, 1901, EZ. W. Nelson; South Mountain 
Lake, Catskill Mountains, 1903, Shull; Fish Creek, Oneida Lake, 1901, Mazon; 
Thousand Islands, 1902, Mazon; Machias, 1901, F. E. Ferris; Sodus Bay, 
1901, G. B. Turner; Smiths Pond, B. D, Gilbert. 

Ouro: Sandusky, 1902, W. A. Kellerman; Sandusky, 1903, M. T. Cook; Squaw 
Bay, Put in Bay Harbor, 1901, U. 8. Fish Commission. 

Micuican: Belle Isle Park, Detroit, 1907, Farwell; St. Clair Flats, 1901, U. S. 
Fish Commission. 

Wisconsin: Lake Superior, 1901, H. V. Ogden; Green Bay, 1903, J. H. Schuette; 
Upper Nemahin Lake, Waukesha County, 1901, H. V. Ogden; Milwaukee, 
1902, Ogden; West Superior, 1902, Charles Bullard. 

Inp1ana: Wolf Lake, 1903, Shull. 

Iowa: Manchester, 1901, R. S. Johnson. 

Minnesota: Lake Itasca, 1902, 7. S. Robertson; St. Louis River near Duluth, 
1901, L. E. Balbridge. 

Montana: Big Fork, 1902, M. J. Elrod; Big Fork, 1901, W. C. Barr. 


80 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Specimens examined—Continued. 
Dry— 

CANADA: On an island of the Simpson Group 40 miles northeast of Fort Resolu- 
tion, Mackenzie Territory, 1903, Preble 242; St. Francis River, Quebec, 1902, 
Eggleston 3011; Canso, Nova Scotia, 1901, Fowler; Golden Lake, Renfrew 
County, Ontario, 1899, Umbach; Gananoque, Ontario, 1887, Fowler; Cache 
Lake, Algonquin Park, Ontario, 1900, Macown 21697; Port aux Basques, 
Newfoundland, 1901, A. W. Prentiss; North Sidney, British Columbia, 1883, 
Macoun 8 (Gray); pond near Whitbourne, Newfoundland, 1894, Robinson & 
Schrenk (Gray); Seven Islands, 1907, C. B. Robinson 889 (N. Y.); Channel, 


he 


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Fia 10.—Map showing distribution of (a) Nymphaea puberula; (b) N. fluviatilis; (c) N. americana. 


Newfoundland, 1901, Howe & Lang 870, 944 (N. Y.); near Digby, Nova 
Scotia, 1901, Howe & Lang 313 (N. Y.); St. Jean ?Evangeliste, Nouvelle, 
Quebec, 1904, Collins & Fernald (Gray); Belleville, Ontario, 1883, Macown 
95; Cross Lake, Renfrew County, Ontario, 1899, Umbach; Killarney, Mani- 
toba, 1896, Macoun, (Greene); Kaministigma River, 1889, Dr. & Mrs. Brit- 
ton (C.); Fredericton, New Brunswick, 1880, Fowler. 


MILLER AND STANDLEY—-NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHAEA. 81 


Specimens examined—Continued, 
Dry—Continued., ‘ 

Maine: Valley of Saint Francis River, 1902, Eggueston & Fernald (Gray); Petti- 
quaggamas Lake, Aroostook County, 1893, Fernald 9; Orono, Penobscot 
County, 1897, Fernald (N. E.); Industry, Franklin County, 1894, Fernald 
(N. E.); Manchester, 1874, Scribner (N. E.); West Auburn, 1896, Merrill 
4429 (N. E.); Westbrook, 1899, Ricker 605; Clear Pond, Pleasant Ridge Town- 
ship, Somerset County, 1906, Chamberlain; Winthrop, 1862, Sturtevant. 

New Hampsuire: Frost Pond, Jaffrey, 1898, B. L. Robinson 495 (Gray); White- 
field, Coos County, 1896, Deane (N. E.). 

Vermont: Johnson, 1893, Grout (C.); Willoughby, 1892, Rusby (C.); Th Plot 
River, Shelburn, 1879, Pringle; Barnumville, Manchester, 1898, Mf. A. Day 
(Gray). 

Massacuusetts: Vicinity of Cambridge, 1891, Underwood 2694 (C.); without 
locality, 1865, Gray; South Framingham, 1888, Sturtevant; Dartmouth, 1889, 
Sturtevant; Ashland, 1879, Morong; Waverly, 1895 (Gray); Melrose, 1880, 
R. Frohock (N. E.); Malden, 1872, H. L. Wordy (N. E.); Beaver Brook Reser- 
vation, west of Kame, 1896, Deane (N. E.); Eastham, 1907, F. S. Collins (N. 
E.); Stockbridge, Berkshire County, 1902, R. Hoffmann (N.E.); Stony Brook, 
1895, W. H. Manning (N. E.); Great Barrington, 1894, Pollard. 

Connecticut: West Goshen, 1891, Underwood 3208, 3210, 3210a (C.); Southing- 
ton, 1899, L. Andrews (N. E.); Tranquility Farm, Middlebury, 1896, W. M. 
Shepardson (N. E.); New Haven, 1884, Safford 164. 

New Jersey: Swartzwood Lake, 1906, C. S. Williamson (Phila.); New Bedford, 
Monmouth County, 1902, M. W. Lyon; Egg Harbor City, 1882, J. H. Red- 
field 243; Inskip, 1894, Brinton & Keller; Mays Landing, Isaac Burk. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Pocono Plateau, 1904, Harshberger (Phila.); Shady Nook, Sulli- 
van County, 1901, Stewardson Brown (Phila.). 

New York: Steeres Pond, Preston, 1886, F. V. Coville; South Mountain Lake, 
Catskills, 1903, Shull; Smiths Pond, Litchfield, Herkimer County, 1903, 
House; Peterboro, Madison County, 1904, G. S. Miller; Brisben Station, 
Chenango County, 1887, F’. V. Coville; Geneganslet Lake, McDonough, 1886, 
F. V. Coville; South Bay, Wellesley Island, Jefferson County, 1902, Robinson 
& Mazon 74; Troy, Schweinitz Herbarium; Gorham, Torrey; Raquette Lake, 
1896 (C.); Lake Ontario, 1892, Britton (C.); Great Otter Lake, Lewis County, 
1884, O. R. Willis (C.); Sylvan Beach, Oneida County, 1900, House; Little 
York, Cortland, 1905, G. T. Hastings; South Bay, eastern end of Oneida Lake, 
1910, Mazon 4616. 

Onto: Sandusky Bay, 1902, J. H. Schuette; Sandusky, 1902, Kellerman; Black 
River, Lorain County, 1892, J. W. Beach; Sandusky, 1903, Mel T. Cook; Fox 
Lake, Wayne County, 1899, Selby & Duvel. 

Wisconsin: Mirror Lake, 1903, Eggert; Waupaca, 1907, . F. Garerche; St. Croix 
Falls, Polk County, 1899, Baker (Gray); near Milwaukee, 1902, H. V. Ogden, 
De Pere, 1888, 7. S. Kellogg. 

MicuicaAN: Iron River, 1902, Rydberg (N. Y.); west end of Swan Lake, Allegan 
County, 1902, Wight 5; Bloody Run, Detroit, 1865, Bigelow (Mo.); Parkhouse 
Marsh, Detroit, 1866, Bigelow (Mo.); Connors Creek, Detroit, 1866, Bigelow 
(Mo.); Belle Isle, Detroit, 1865, Bigelow (Mo.). 

Minnesota: Silver Lake, 1887, Cratty; Lake Itasca, 1902, T. S. Roberts; Lake 
Kilpatrick, Cass County, 1893, Ballard; Minnetonka, 1891, Sandberg 631. 
Nepraska: Weigand, 1893, Fred Clements 2686; Lake Region of Grant County, 
30 miles south of Whitman in Swan Lake, 1893, Rydberg 1650; Cherry County, 

1892, Smith & Pound 168 (Mo.). 


82 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Specimens ecamined—Continued. 
Dry—Continued. , 
Iowa: Iowa City, Hitchcock (Mo.); Hamilton County, 1891, P. H. Rolfs (Mo.); 
Armstrong, Emmet County, 1887, Cratty (Mo.); Iowa and Minnesota Line, 
1897, Pammel 520 (Mo.); Winnesheik County, 1895, Fitzpatrick (Mo.). 


Sourn Daxora: White, 1893, Thornber; Six Mile Creek, west of White, 1902, .A. 
G. Johnson; White, 1893, T. A. Williams; Aurora Creek southeast of Brook- 
ings, 1904. . 
Montana: Rost Lake, 1901, MacDougal 652; Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S, Wil- 
liams 869. 
For comparison of this plant with Nymphaea advena see page 88. 


4. Nymphaea fraterna Miller & Standley, sp. nov. 


Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 441399, collected in Toms River, New 
Jersey, August 6, 1903, by 
M. W. Lyon. 
DIstRIBUTION: East- 
central New Jersey. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Petioles flattened, with 

a median ridge along the 

inner side, glabrous; float- 

ing leaf blades oblong- 

ovate or ovate, 10 to 22 

cm. long and 8 to 15 cm. 

wide, broadest at or below 

the middle, conspicuously 

narrowed and _ acutish 

towards the apex, rather 

thin, glabrous; sinuses 

open and very narrow, or 

closed and the lobes partly 

overlapping, 20 to 65 mm. 

deep, the lobes rounded; 

submersed leaves very 

thin and delicate, nu- 

merous, broader than the 

floating ones, broadly 

ovate or almost orbicular 

in outline, 85 to 155 mm. 

long and 70 to 135 mm, 

wide, broadly rounded or 

slightly narrowed at the 

Fic, 11.—Leaf outline of Nymphaea fraterna. Scale }. apex, the sinus 25 to 50 
mm. deep, usually open, 

rather narrow, the lobes broadly rounded, the margins somewhat plicate; flowers 
depressed-globose, 22 to 26 mm. in diameter, only slightly depressed at the base; 
sepals 6, when spread measuring 50 to 65 mm.; outer ones thin, glabrous, rather 
narrowly oblong, 16 to 21 mm. long and 11 to 13 mm. wide, rounded at the apex; 
inner sepals deltoid-cbovate, shallowly emarginate, 18 to 23 mm. long, gradually 
narrowed to the base; stamens in usually 4 rows, their anthers slightly longer than the 


MILLER AND STANDLEY—-NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHAEA. 83 


filaments; petals narrowly oblong, truncate, 6 or 7 mm. long; fruit ovoid, gradually 
narrowed above to a short neck, 21 to 30 mm. high and 17 to 20 mm. in diameter, 
inconspicuously ribbed above, almost smooth near the base; rim of the disk 3 mm. 
high, divergent or erect; disk 12 to 14 mm. in diameter, orbicular, 

entire or slightly crenate, the crater usually shallow, 2 to 4 mm. 

deep; rays 11 to 16, usually 14, linear, 3 or 3.5 mm. long, narrow, 

extending to within 1 or 2mm. of the edge of the disk, distinct, 

the center3 or 4 mm. in diameter, smooth; seeds 3.5 to4 mm. long, 

ovoid, pointed, with an acutish and rather conspicuous raphe., 


(Piates 35, B, facing p. 72; 36, D, facing p. 73. Fieures 11, 12, Fic. 12.—Stigmatic 

13, 5.) pattern of Nym- 
yo.) ; h ; 

Described from material preserved in formalin collected by hace freterna 

W. M. Lyon, jr., in Toms River, New Jersey, August, 1902, July 

27, 1903, August 6, 1903, and August 15, 1902. Dried specimens collected August 6, 


1903, are mounted on sheets 441395 to 441399, inclusive, in the National Herbarium. 


=== —--- J 


Ae 


Fia. 13.—Map showing distribution of (a2) Nymphaea ozarkana; (b) N. fraterna; (c) N. chartacea. 


Additional material seen: 
In formalin— 
New Jersey: Pemberton, June 24, 1900; Speedwell, Burlington County, June 
20, 1901, Witmer Stone. 


84 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Additional material seen—Continued. 
Dry— 
New Jersey: Toms River, July 26, 1903, Lyon; same locality, August 11, 1902, 
Lyon; New Bedford, Monmouth County, August 14, 1902, Lyon; Forked 
River, May 29 to June 2, 1896, collected on an excursion of the Torrey Botan- 
ical Club. . 
This species comes from a region long known to botanists as one producing many 
interesting plants. Although closely related to Nymphaea americana it seems amply 
distinct in its mych smaller flowers, smaller, greenish fruit, pointed leaves, smaller 
seeds, and numerous and conspicuous submersed leaves. While submersed leaves 
are occasionally found in N. americana they are never so numerous or conspicuous 
asin the New Jersey plant. 


5. Nymphaea advena 
Ait. 


Nymphaea advena Ait. 
Hort. Kew. 2: 226. 
1789; G. 8S. Miller, 
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash- 
ington 15: 12. 1902; 
Small, Fl. Southeast. 
U.S. 456. 1903, in part; 
Britton, Man. ed. 2. 
390. 1908, in part; Rob- 
ins. & Fern. in A. Gray, 
Man. ed. 7. 390. 1908. 

Nymphaea arifolia Salish. 
Ann. Bot. 2: 71. 1806. 

Nuphar advena Ait. Hort. 
Kew. ed. 2. 3: 295. 
1811. 

Nuphar advena tomento- 
sum Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. 
Amer. 1: 58. 1838. 

TYPE LocaLity: Vicinity 

of Philadelphia, Pennsyl- 


vania. 
DistRIBUTION: Eastern 
Fic. 14,—Leaf outline of Nymphaea advena, Seale }. Wisconsin and Southern 


Michigan and New York to 
eastern Nebraska and Kansas, southern Missouri, Kentucky, and North Carolina. 
Northern limit coinciding with that of Upper Austral zone. 


DESCRIPTION, 


Leaves erect, usually borne above the surface of the water, occasionally floating in 
deep water; blades ovate to rounded oblong or oval, rather thick and firm, oil green, 
glabrous, 16 to 33 cm. long and 14 to 25 cm. broad, usually very broadly rounded at 
the apex; sinus 4.5 to 10 cm. deep, open, the lobes usually diverging at an angle of 
about 80°; lobes mostly triangular, often acutish; peduncles stout, glabrous; petioles 
stout, subterete, glabrous; flowers depressed-globose, 30 to 40 mm. in diameter, about 
23 mm. high when normally spread, the perianth when spread measuring about 
80 mm.; sepals usually 6, the 3 outer broadly ovate, about 35 mm. long and 25 mm. 
wide, obtuse, the three inner suborbicular, about 35 mm. long and 45 mm. wide, 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 39. 


INDIANA. 


IN MONTEERS POND, KNOX COUNTY, 


NYMPHAEA ADVENA AIT., 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 40, 


A. EARLIER VERNAL STAGE OF NYMPHAEA ADVENA AIT., Four MILE RUN. VIRGINIA. 


B. LATER VERNAL STAGE OF NYMPHAEA ADVENA AIT., FOUR MILE RUN, VIRGINIA. 


MILLER AND STANDLEY—-NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHAEA. 85 


their bases abruptly narrowed to a short claw about 6 mm, wide, truncate or retuse 
at the apex; petals about 20, cuneate-oblong, 8 mm. long and 3 to 5 mm. wide, trun- 
cate or retuse at the apex; stamens usually in 7 rows, varying from 5 to 8, about 35 to 
the row; filaments cuneate-linear, 10 mm. long, 2 mm. broad at the tip; anthers a 
little more than half as long as the stamen; outer sepals rich oil green outside, 
lighter within and occasionally but rarely tinged with red; inner sepals clear yellow 
throughout except at the tips, there tinged with green, the inner side occasionally 
tinged with purplish red;! petals yellow like the inner sepals, 
usually tinged with red; filaments dull red except the ex- 
posed tip, this yellow; anthers and pollen yellow; stamens 
occasionally clear yellow throughout, all becoming dull red 
throughout in age; fruit subglobose, about 40 mm. high and 
50 mm. in diameter (the height usually less than the diam- 
eter, but this character not constant), with conspicuous 
longitudinal ribs extending its entire length; stigmatic disk 
orbicular, entire, faintly undulate, strongly concave; stigma 
rays distinct, varying in number from 9 to 23, but usually 
15, 16, 17, or 18, 7 to 8 mm. in length and about .75 mm. wide, 
extending to within about 2 mm. of the edge of the disk, 
without a median furrow; capsule oil green, the stigmatic region abruptly lighter 
and more yellowish; seeds elliptical or obovate, slightly flattened laterally, with a 
prominent raphe, 6 mm. long, greater diameter 5 mm., lesser diameter 4 mm. 
(Piates 35, C, facing p. 72; 36, E, facing p. 73; 39, 40. Ficurzs 14, 15, 16, b.) 


Fig. 15.—Stigmatic pattern 
of Nymphaea advena, 
Natural size. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES 39, 40.—PI. 39, Nymphaea advena, at Monteers Pond, Indiana, photographed 
by Mr. Robert Ridgway. PI. 40, vernal stage of Nymphaea advena, at Four Mile Run, Alexandria County‘ 
Virginia; photographed by Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr., (A) April 20, (B) May 4, 1902. 


Specimens examined: 
In formalin— 

New York: Lake Grove, Long Island, 1901, A. H. Howell; Sing Sing, 1901, 
E. Acker; near Croton, 1901, Van Cortlandt. 

New JERSEY: Whale Pond Creek, Monmouth County, 1902, M. W. Lyon; Milburn, 
Essex County, 1902, Lyon; arm of Newton Creek, Collingswood, Camden 
County, 1902, S. N. Rhoads; Centerton, 1900, G. S. Miller; Haddonfield, 1907, 
Rhoads, 

PENNSYLVANIA: Erie, 1906, 8S. E. Bacon; same locality, 1902, Bacon; Philadelphia, 
1901, Witmer Stone; Meadville, 1902, H. C. Kirkpatrick. 

MARYLAND: Pocomoke City, 1902, W. P. Hay; Havre de Grace, 1902, Shull. 

Vireinta: Holmes Run, Fairfax County, 1901, G. S. Miller; Luray, 1901, Lewis 
Willis; Clifton, 1901, Miller; Four Mile Run, Fairfax County, 1901, Miller. 

West Virernia: Marlinton, 1902, W. B. Kellerman. 

Nort Carona: Raleigh, 1901, Brimley Brothers; Hendersonville, 1901, Clayton. 

Texas: Fort Clark, 1901; Del Rio, 1901, Franks. 

Outro: Buckeye Lake, Licking County, 1902, W. A. Kellerman; Cadiz Junction, 

_ _Harrison County, 1902, W. A. Kellerman; Sandusky, 1903, M. T. Cook. 

InpDIANA: Merrillville, 1903, Shull; Winona Lake, 1902, C. A. King. 

InurNois: Mount Carmel, 1901, Schneck. 

MicuicANn: Northville, 1901, U. S. Fish Commission; Washtenaw County, J. B. 

Steere. 


1 Among 137 flowers collected at Four Mile Run, Virginia, May 18, 1902, there were 
16 with purplish-blotched sepals, 121 with red on stamens, and none with red on the 
disk. ; 


86 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Specimens eramined—Continued., 
Dry—- 

New York: Ponds near New York, M. Ruger (Greene); Dougan Hills, Staten 
Island, 1890, Britton (C.); Valley Stream, Long Island, 1903, LZ. T. Hanks 
(N. Y.); Van Cortlandt Swamp, 1893, Pollard; Catskills, 1903, Shull; without 
locality, 1841, H. R. Browne. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Schuylkill River below South Street Bridge, Philadelphia, 1888, 
McElwee 301 (Phila.); Neshonning, Bucks County, 1891, McElwee (Phila.); 
McCalls Ferry, York County, 1904, Rose & Painter 8167; Meadville, 1902, 
H. C. Kirkpatrick; Mahoning, Carbon County, 1906, Krautter; Conewago 
Creek, eastern Pennsylvania, 1898, C. W. Eisenhower (Mo.); in fluvio Lecha 
Pennsylvaniae, 1832, C. J. Moser (Mo.); York, 1895, Glatfelter (Mo.). 

New Jersey: Newton Creek near Collingwood, Camden County, 1902, S. N. 
Rhoads; Milburn, Essex County, 1902, Lyon; Springfield, Essex County, near 
Rahway River, 1902, Lyon; Spring Lake near Ocean Grove, 1902, Lyon; 
Lake Hopatcoug, 1890, Nash 1004; Belleville, Essex County, 1902, Lyon; 
Delawanna Station below Passaic, 1902, Lyon; Clementon, 1902, Rhoads; 
Newark, 1878, C. H. Harding; Cedar Swamp, S. Conrad (Phila.). 

Onto: Cincinnati, R. Buchenau (Phila.); Chapelle Creek, Florence, 1903, Moseley; 
Salem, Columbiana County, 1903, H. S. Fawcett; Cadiz Junction, Harrison 
County, 1902, W. A. Kellerman 3882; near Canton, Nicholas Riehl (Mo.); 
Sandusky Bay, 1902, J. H. Schuette; near Salem, 1906, Fawcett. 

MicuicaNn: Detroit, 1855, Bigelow (Mo.); Coldwater, 1877, Milligan; Bloody 
Run, Detroit, 1866, Bigelow (Mo.); Connors Creek, Detroit, 1866, Bigelow 
(Mo.). 

Inpiana: Sanford Lake, Orange Township, Noble County, 1905, Deam 301; Lost 
Lake, Marshall County, 1903, Paul Bartsch; Merrillville, 1903, Shull; Winona 
Lake, 1902, C. A. King; Lake Maxinkuckee, 1900, Scovell & Clark 1261. ; 

Iuurnots: Bluffs Lake, 1876, Eggert; north end of Clover Lake, 1888, J. W. Davie 
(N. Y.); DuPage River near Naperville, 1897, Umbach; near Woodlawn, 
Washington County, 1898, Eggert (Mo.); Iuka, 1904, Jensen (Mo.); lakes in 
the American Bottom opposite St. Louis, 1838, Engelmann 771 (Mo.). 

Missouri: Near Poplar Bluff, 1893, Eggert (Mo.); St. Francois River, Dunklin 
County, 1897, Trelease 13 (Mo.); Carterville, 1906, Z. J. Palmer 888; Barton 
County, Broadhead Herbarium (Mo.). 

Wisconsin: Delavan, 1907, Ned Hollister; Green Bay, 1903, J. H. Schuette. 

NEBRASKA: Wiegand, 1893, Fred Clements 2686. 

Kansas: Chautauqua County, 1896, Hitchcock 607. 

Kentucky: Bear Creek, Edmonson County, 1901, Miss Price. 

District or CoLtumBIA: Eastern Branch, 1873, Ward 30; without locality, 1869, 
H. Brummell; without locality, 1885, McCarthy; Jackson City, 1897, Steele; 
Washington, 1878, Chickering (Mo.). 

MARYLAND: Patuxent, Anne Arundel County, 1905, House; Ardwick, Prince 
George County, 1903, Lyon; 9 miles southeast of Pocomoke City, 1902, W. P. 
Hay. 

Virginia: Ashland, De Chalmot; Alexandria, 1874, George Vasey; Ocean View, 
Norfolk County, 1898, Kearney 1464; Dismal Swamp, 1898, Kearney 1611; 
Great Falls, 1902, A. H. Howell; Passage Creek, Warren County, 1897, G. 8. 
Miller; Washington Canal near Duke, Dismal Swamp, 1893, Boettcher. 

Nort CAROLINA: Swamps near Hendersonville, 1897, Biltmore Herbarium 4281a. 

Texas: Devils River, Merican Boundary Survey; Fort Clark, Kinney County, 
1893, Mearns 1365. 

Mexico: Tamesin River, Alta Mira, Tamaulipas, 1898, Goldman 95. 


87 


MILLER AND STANDLEY—NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHABFA. 


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rv seecocwwese ses 


22075°—12——3 


88 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


The differences between Nymphaea advena and N. americana (under the specific 
name of variegata) have been discussed by Miller in the Proceedings of the Biological 
Society of Washington, but it is worth while to repeat them here. The most striking 
difference existing between the two is found in the shape of the petioles. In N. advena 
these are subterete; in americana they are conspicuously flattened and there is a median 
ridge, a continuation of the midrib, running along the dorsal surface. This difference 
in petiole structure has an important effect upon the leaf habit of the two species. 
When the leaves of advena first appear in the spring the petioles are comparatively 
weak and the blades are often found floating upon the water; sometimes, however, 
when the plants are growing in mud or in very shallow water, especially when sub- 
jected to the action of tides, the blades are erect from the first. Almost invariably in 
the typical form, as the leaves become older the blades are held stiffly erect. In 
americana the weakness of the petioles, due to their flattening, makes it impossible for 
the blades to be held erect, hence they are always floating, or, if the water in which 
they are growing is lowered, they lie flat upon the mud. Asa consequence of this 
difference in habit, americana, driven away from very shallow water probably by 
injury following its drying up, is usually found in comparatively deep water; while 
advena, able to live in ground which is even moderately moist, clings to the shores, 
or even retreats to the moist meadows bordering streams and ponds. 

Habit is not the only respect in which the two plants differ. The outline of the 
leaf blades is so striking that it is almost always possible to separate the two plants 
certainly from herbarium material. In advena the lobes of the leaves are always 
pointed while in americana they are broadly rounded. The flowers, too, show 
apparently constant differences. Those of the latter species are usually somewhat 
larger. In addition to this the flowers of americana have the inner surface of the 
sepals blotched with red near the base, while in advena the corresponding region is 
normally shaded with green, and only in rare instances tinged with red. 

The fruit of americana is smaller, less strongly ribbed, and is usually tinged with 
red, while that of advena is uniformly green throughout. In the former the most 
common number of stigma rays is 12 while in the other species it is 16. 

The ranges of the two plants, as well, are rather clearly marked. Nymphaea ameri- 
cana is confined to the northern part of the United States and eastern Canada, extend- 
ing as far south as Pennsylvania. Nymphaea advena is confined to the southern United 
States, extending northward into New Jersey and southern New York. In the central 
States we know less of the ranges but all the data accessible indicate that the ranges 
there are what we would expect from conditions in the east. Thus it will be seen 
that americana is usually restricted to the Boreal and Transition zones while advena 
occurs in the Upper Austral. 

The range of advena in the extreme Southern States seems rather peculiar. Perhaps 
it would appear less so if we had fuller material from all parts of the range. The 
species is most common from eastern Pennsylvania south through Maryland and 
Virginia to northern Florida. We have seen no true advena from any of the Gulf 
States west of Florida. The plant has been reported from most of these States, but 
such material as we have seen is referable to species here described for the first time. 
Tn fact we are not certain that the plant appears again until we reach the Rio Grande 
region of western Texas. Here this same species is found in at least two localities. 
Fresh material which we have secured offers no means of separating this extreme 
western plant from the form so common in Pennsylvania and Virginia. Farther 
south, in Mexico, a plant is found which is apparently the same, though the driéd 
material that we have seen shows that the leaves of the Mexican plant are more acute 
than those of the typical form. 

Still farther west the plant has been reported again, this time in California. We 
have seen only dried material from that State, hence can not be sure as to its identity. 
It is probable that it is merely an abnormal form of Nymphaea polysepala. 


MILLER AND STANDLEY—NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHAEA. 89 


In the National Herbarium there is an interesting specimen collected at Lake Ellis, 
North Carolina, July 3, 1908, W. H. Brown 72. The leaf blades are 11 to 17 cm. long 
and only 6.5 to 10 cm. wide; in outline they are lance-ovate and very acute at the apex; 
the sinus is very narrow or closed; flowers 35 mm. in diameter. Unfortunately the 
material is too scanty to show whether the form is anything more than an individual 
variation. 

Torrey and Gray’s subspecies tomentosum was based upon a specimen collected by 
Thomas Nuttall in the vicinity of Philadelphia and labeled by him Nuphar tomen- 
tosum. We have examined this specimen in the herbarium of the Philadelphia 
Academy of Science. 
The “pubescence’’ con- 
sists merely of algee or 
some similar low organ- 
isms which cover the 
lower surfaces of the 
leaves and the petioles. 
At present a part of the 
surface has become com- 
pletely glabrous, owing 
to the falling away of the 
artificial covering. This 
same phenomenon we 
have observed in other 
herbarium specimens. 
In the National Herba- 
rium is a specimen of 
some cultivated Castalia, 
which at first glance ap- 
pears to have coarsely 
dentate leaves. On 
closer inspection it js 

“seen that the teeth are 
masses of alge which 
have adhered to the edge 
of the blade. 


5a. Nymphaea advena 
macrophylla (Small) 
Miller & Standley. 


Nymphaea macrophylla 
Small, Bull. Torrey Club 
25: 465. 1898. 

Type Locauiry: The 
type, in the herbarium Fic. 17.—Leaf outline of Nymphaca advena macrophylla. Scale }. 
of Columbia College, was 
collected in August, 1894, in the vicinity of Eustis, Lake County, Florida, by Geo. 
V. Nash (no. 1751). 

DistrisuTion: Northeastern Florida. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Habit of leaves as in N. advena; blades 28 to 40 cm. long and 20 to 27 cm. wide, 
glabrous, ovate, acute or at least acutish, with a V-shaped sinus 8 to 13 cm. deep, the 
lobes triangular, acutish; no submersed Jeaves known; flowers depressed-globose, 32 


90 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


to 38 mm. in diameter, about 22 mm. high; sepals 6, glabrous; the outer ones obovate, 
rounded, somewhat narrowed at the base, about 32 mm. long and 20 mm. wide; inner 
sepals thinner, deltoid-obovate, retuse; petals broadly cuneate, 10 mm. long, truncate 
or retuse; stamens in 6 rows, their anthers almost twice as long as the filaments; color 
of sepals as in N. advena; disk when young of the same color as the sepals; stamens 
lemon yellow; petals a slightly lighter yellow throughout; fruit narrowly ovoid, 35 
mm. high and 25 mm. in diameter in the largest specimens, only slightly constricted 
above, coarsely ribbed above but almost smooth at the base; stigmatic disk orbicular, 
20 mm. in diameter, depressed about 4 mm. in the center, its edge entire or slightly 
undulate; stigma rays linear, distinct, unequal, with slight traces of a median groove, 
6 mm. long, extending to within 2 mm. of the edge of the disk, 10 to 15 in number, 
usually 12 or 14; body of fruit apple green, the disk chrome yellow. (Puare 36, F, 
facing p, 73. Fiaures 16, a, 17.) 

Specimens examined: 

In formalin— 

FrLoripa: Santa Fe River, southern edge of Columbia County, 1902, T. Wayland 
Vaughan; Dade City, H. 8. Fawcett; Whitfield, 1903, W. E. C. Todd; Jack- 
sonville, 1901, Curtiss; Kissimmee River, 1901, Mearns. 

Dry— 

Fiorina: Vicinity of Eustis, type; in the Everglades near the unfinished railroad 
grade between Cocoanut Grove and Cutter, 1903, Small & Carter 665 (N. Y.); 
vicinity of Eustis, 1894, Hitchcock; Kissimmee River, 1874, E. Palmer 7; 
Alligator Lake near Lake City, 1907, H. S. Fawcett; Jacksonville, 1901, 
Curtiss 6844; Jacksonville, 1894, Curtiss 4684; Southport Canal, Kissimmee 
Valley, Mearns; North Santee, 1837, G. Maurigault (N. Y.). 

Cuba: Without locality, 1860-64, Wright 1858 (Gray); Provincia de Pinar del 
Rio, 1904, Earle & Wilson 1656 (N. Y.); San Cristobal, 1905, M. T. Cook 130; 
Herradura, 1905, Jf. T. Cook 132; without locality, 1906, M. T. Cook 1, 6 
(N. Y.). 

Dr. J. K. Small in the original description of this plant compares it with so-called 
Nymphaea advena, pointing out numerous differences. The plant with which it was 
compared was not advena but the northern Nymphaea americana. In the herbarium 
of the New York Botanical Garden at that time there were practically no specimens 
of N. advena, nearly all of those so labeled being americana. Evidently the Florida 
plant is amply distinct from the latter. The description of Nymphaea advena in Doctor 
Small’s Flora of the Southeastern United States applies to N. americana and the key 
separates americana (under the name advena) from advena (under the name macrophylla). 
It can readily be seen by examination of the key that the characters used for separat- 
ing the two species will not hold for separating true advena from the Florida plant. 

The material at our command, and it seems to be ample, does not warrant us in main- 
taining macrophylla as a separate species. The only difference that we can see lies in 
the larger size of the Florida plant and the longer, more acute, thicker leaves whose 
lobes are rather narrower.! 

It is not certain whether the Cuban specimens belong here. The leaf outline seems 
tobe thesame. Fresh material collected in 1910 in the vicinity of Havana by Brother 
Leén shows that the outer edge of the stigmatic disk is tinged with a dull purplish red. 
This color does not extend to the interior of the crater and is very different from the 
bright geranium red of the following subspecies. 


1 Under the provisions of the American Code we would be justified in substituting a new name for the 
somewhat inappropriate macrophylia.—G. 8. M. 


MILLER AND STANDLEY—NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHAEA. 91 


5b. Nymphaea advena erythraea Miller & Standley, subsp. nov. 


Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, in formalin, collected at Miami, Florida, by 
Mr. E. A. Brewer, April 17, 1902. 

Distrisution: Southern Florida. 

This appears to differ in no way from typical macrophylla except in having the disk 
of the fruit of a bright geranium red. Our material consists of plants preserved in 
formalin, collected by E. A. Brewer near Miami, April 17, 1902. Probably the same, 
although it is impossible to tell from material which has faded in drying, are speci- 
mens collected by J. H. Simpson in the Miami River, March 7, 1892 (no. 555). It is 
possible that some of the specimens listed under macrophylla belong here, but we are 
unable to tell from dried material. (FicureE 16, d.) 


6. Nymphaea ozarkana Miller & Standley, sp. nov. 


Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 615581, collected by Mr. Otto M. Smith 
in southern Missouri along White River, in August, 1910. The material was received 
fresh. Additional material is 
mounted on sheet no. 615582. 

DistRIBUTION: Ozark region of 
southern Missouri, probably also in 
northern Arkansas. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Rootstock slender; leaf blades 
apparently floating in most cases 
but sometimes erect; petioles te- 
rete, glabrous, 3 to 11 mm. in diam- 
eter; leaves orbicular to oblong, 
bright yellowish green, glabrous 
and smooth, 12 to 20 cm. long and 
7 to 19 cm. wide, or even larger, 
those of average size measuring 
about 14 by 12 cm.,_ broadly 
rounded at the apex, the sinus 
about one-third the length of the 
blade, open, triangular, the lobes 
deltoid-orbicular or semiorbicular, 
rounded; peduncles stout, gla- 
brous; flowers depressed-globose, 
30 mm. in diameter or less; sepals 
thin, glabrous, pale green, often 
yellowish toward the tips, the Fic, 18,—Leaf outline of Nymphaea ozarkana. Scale }, 
inner thinner and sulphur yellow, 
all red within or at least tinged with red; stamens in about 5 rows, the anthers longer 
than the filaments; stigma rays 10 to 12, broadly linear, distinct, extending to within 
1.5 mm. of the edge of the disk; fruit subspherical, abruptly constricted above, 15 to 
25mm, high and 14 to 20 mm. in diameter, smooth; disk 8 to 12 mm. in diameter, 
slightly depressed, the edges vertical; seeds few, 15 to 30, large, 5 mm. long and 3.5 
mm. in the greatest diameter, ovoid, scarcely pointed, with a rather obtuse and con- 
spicuous raphe, pale brown, shining; body of fruit bright yellowish green, the stig- 
matic disk strongly tinged with orange red. (PiLate 36, G, facing p. 73. Ficures 
13, a, 18.) 


92 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Additional specimens examined: 

Missourt: Swan, Taney County, 1897, Trelease 14; Little Black River near 
Pleasant Grove, 1897, Mackenzie 370; Swan Creek near Swan, 1899, Bush 749; 
Shannon County, September 16, 1888, Bush; Ironton, Iron County, Septem- 
ber, 1897, Colton Russell; Current River, Carter County, 1897, Trelease 12; 
Mineral Point, Washington County, May 29, 1892, Eggert; Greene County, 
June 2, 1888, Blankinship. 

All of the specimens listed above, with the exception of the type, are in the herba- 
rium of the Missouri Botanical Garden. We have seen no material elsewhere, chiefly for 
the reason that so few plants from southern Missouri are to be found in eastern herbaria. 

The plant appears to be not uncommon in the Ozark region. All our specimens are 
Missourian, but the range of the species must extend south into Arkansas. We have 
seen the plant growing abundantly in the James River south of Springfield, and in the 
same stream farther south in Christian County. Mr. B. F. Bush has also written us 
concerning its occurrence in the region. 

Most of the specimens cited were labeled in the herbarium as N. hybrida, evidently 
because of the characteristic color of the fruit. There seems to be no very close 
relationship between the two species, that of the Ozarks being more closely connected 
with N. advena and N. americana. From the former it differs in the coloring of the 
flowers and fruit and in the shorter leaves more rounded and obtuse at the apex; 
from the second of these species it differs in the terete petioles and the open sinuses 
of the leaves. With both it disagrees decidedly in the small number of seeds, this 
being one of the most striking characteristics of our plant. 


7. Nymphaea ludoviciana Miller & Standley, sp. nov. 


Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 441413; also material preserved in 
formalin, collected by R.S. Cocks, early in April, 1903, ‘‘in stagnant ponds, dug 
out in making the railroad track, two miles from a place known as North Shore on 
Lake Ponchartrain, about 27 miles from New Orleans,’’ Louisiana. In the National 
Herbarium other dried material of this collection is mounted on sheets 441410 to 441414 
inclusive. 

Distrisution: Southern Louisiana, near the coast. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Leaf blades floating, oblong-ovate, somewhat narrowed towards the apex, rather 
thin, 29 to 38 cm. long and 20 to 27 cm. wide, widest about the middle; sinuses closed, 
9 to 12 cm. deep; lobes rounded, slightly overlapping; blades glabrous throughout 
like the petioles, the lateral veins 23 to 25 on each side, about parallel for three-fifths 
their length, then branching dichotomously; petioles and peduncles subterete; 
flowers depressed-globose, 30 to 35 mm. in diameter, the sepals when spread measuring 
about 65 mm.; outer sepals oblong or obovate, 25 to 32 mm. long, rounded, somewhat 
narrowed to the base; inner sepals orbicular to obovate, narrowed at the base into a 
short claw, slightly longer than the outer ones and thinner; stamens in about 5 rows, 
the anthers 2 to 3 times as long as the filaments; no mature fruit with the type material 
but the immature capsules ovoid, 20 mm. high and 25 mm. in diameter, rather con- 
spicuously ribbed; stigmatic disk strongly depressed, oval or almost orbicular, 16 mm. 
in diameter; stigma rays 13 to 19, usually 17, extending to within 1.5 mm. of the edge 
of the disk, about 1.3 mm. wide, usually confluent at the base; edge of the disk shal- 
lowly crenate; color of sepals rather dark chrome yellow at the apex, becoming green 
below; petals deep chrome yellow growing paler towards the base; anthers maize 
yellow, the filaments pale cream; disk deep chrome with its rays light purplish brown. 
(Piate 41, B. Fraures 7, ¢, 19, 20.) 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 41.—A, Fruit of Nymphaca microcarpa. B. Fruit and unopened flower of 
Nymphaea ludoviciana. Both natuyal size. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 41. 


A. FRUIT OF NYMPHAEA MICROCARPA MILLER & STANDLEY. 


B. FRUIT AND UNOPENED FLOWER OF NYMPHAEA LUDOVICIANA MILLER & STANDLEY. 


NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHAEA. 93 


MILLER AND STANDLEY 


Mr. Andrew Allison, on June 28, 1904, collected in Lake Charles, Louisiana, mature 
fruit that undoubtedly belongs to this species; its description is as follows: 

Subglobose, abruptly constricted above, 35 to 40 mm. high and of the same diameter, 
smooth at the base, rather conspicuously ribbed above; edge of the disk 5 or 6 mm. 
high, diverging; disk usually 
oval, its center mostly umbo- 
nate, depressed 6 or 7 mm.; 
stigma rays linear, or widened 
at the base, usually slightly 
confluent at the base, with a 
distinct median groove; seeds 
about 4 mm, long and 3 mm. 
in diameter, the raphe only 
acutish and not conspicuous. 
Additional specimens examined: 

Dry— 

In bayou, Vermilion, Lafa- 
yette County, May 27, 1883, 
Langlois (Greene); near Lake 
Charles, July 10, 1893, Langlois 
(Greene); vicinity of Lake 
Charles, 1904, Andrew Allison 
219 and 323. 

The collector writes further: 
‘The plants can nearly always 
be found in the ponds or very 
slow-flowing streams of the pine 
barrens. The leaves are always 
floating on the surface with 
stems sometimes,a foot or two 
long. The plant can be found 
blooming from March to De- 
cember.”’ 

Not all the material from the vicinity of New Orleans belongs to this species, as 
noted elsewhere. 

In the National Herbarium there are two sheets of a Nymphaea collected at the 
south end of Long Pond, Lowndes County, Georgia, September 
4, 1902, Harper 1611. These specimens represent a plant 
resembling N. ludoviciana, and possibly identical with it. 
The leaves are floating, the sinuses closed, and their outlines 
similar to those of this species. Unfortunately Mr. Harper was 
unable to secure fresh material. 


Fig. 19.—Leaf outline of Nymphaca ludoviciana. Scale }. 


Fic. 20.—Stigmatic pat- 
tern of Nymphaea lu- 
aevscana. Natural Nymphaea fluviatilis Harper, Bull. Torrey Club 83: 234, 

1906. 
Type Locauiry: ‘In sloughs of the Canoochee River near Groveland, in the north- 
western corner of Bryan County,”’ Georgia. 
DistrIBUTION: Coastal plain of Georgia, perhaps also in northern Florida. 


8. Nymphaea fluviatilis Harper. 


94 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Floating leaves thin, glabrous, 18 to 25 cm. long and 16 to 22 cm. wide, almost 
orbicular in outline or broadly rounded-oblong, rounded and slightly emarginate at 
the apex; sinuses 5 to 8 cm. deep, 
narrow; lobes rounded; submersed 
leaves very thin and delicate, crisped, 
similar in outline to the floating ones, 
9 to 19 cm. longand 10 to 12 em. wide; 
rootstock comparatively small and 
slender, about 3 cm. in diameter in 
the specimens examined, the leaf 
scars oval, about 10 mm. long and 
7mm. wide; flowers depressed-globose, 
about 25mm. in diameter and 50 mm. 
when spread; sepals glabrous, very 
thin, the outer oblong, 16 to 18 mm. 
long and 15 or 16 mm. wide, obtuse, 
very slightly narrowed at the base; 
inner sepals obovate, slightly longer 
than the outer, rounded at the apex, 
narrowed at the base into a claw 
about 8 or 10 mm. wide and 6 or7 
mm. long; stamens in usually 4 rows; 
Fic. 21.—Leaf outline of Nymphaea fluviatilis. Scale 3}. no mature fruit seen, but the im- 
mature ovoid, the stigma rays about 
12, broadly linear, with a distinct median line, extending almost to the edge of the 
disk; center of the crater smooth. (ficurEs 10, b, 21, 22.) 
Specimens examined: 

In formalin— 

Grorata: Rather scanty material from the Canoochee River: near Groveland, 
June 22, 1903, Harper. 

Dry— 

GeoretA: In Canoochee River near Groveland, June 22, 1903, Harper 1849 (type 
collection); Savannah, a sheet inthe Herbarium of the 
Missouri Botanical Garden, labeled in Nuttall’s hand- 
writing, 

With regard to this plant Mr. Harper writes as follows: 
“Nymphaea fluviatilis seems to be quite common in creeks, 
small rivers, and the swamps of large rivers, but apparently 
never in ponds, in the coastal plain. I have seen it in the 
Savannah River swamp in the southeastern corner of Effingham 
County, in Rocky Comfort Creek near Louisville, in Buckhead 
Creek near Millen, in the Ogeechee River near Chal ker, Millen, 
Rocky Ford, Dover, and Meldrim, in the Canoochee at the type locality, in the 
Ohoopcee near Ohoopee and Reidsville, in the swamps of the Altamaha near Doctor- 
town and Barrington, in the Oconee swamps near Mount Vernon, in the little Oemul- 
gee near Lumber City, in Echeconnee Creek near its mouth (on the line between Bibb 
and Houston Counties), in the Ocmulgee River swamps near Abbeville, in the With- 
lacoochee near Nashville, and in the Flint River swamps in Crawford County near 
Everett.”’ 


FiG, 22.—Stigmatic pat- 
tern of Nymphaea fiu- 
viatilis. Natural size, 


9. Nymphaea chartacea Miller & Standley, sp. nov. 


Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 592491, collected at Mobile, Alabama, 
June 14, 1885, by Dr. Charles Mohr. 
DistriBution: Mississippi, Alabama, and western Florida, near the Gulf coast. 


MILLER AND STANDLEY—NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHAEA. 95 


DESCRIPTION. 


Petioles and peduncles slender, glabrous; floating leaves glabrous, thin, ovate, 14 
to 23 cm. long and 8 to 14 cm. wide, conspicuously narrowed at the apex, broadest at 
or just above the base; sinuses 3.5 to 6 cm. long, very narrow or closed, the lobes some- 
what unequally rounded; submersed leaves similar in outline, 15 to 23 cm. long, 
rounded at the apex, crisped, very thin and delicate; flowers 30 to 35 mm. in diameter; 
sepals 6, 12 to 20 mm. long, oblong, obtuse; fruit not seen. (Ficures 13, ¢, 23.) 

In Mohr’s Plant Life of Alabama this is listed as Nymphaea sagittifolia. The distri- 
bution of this species in Alabama is given as the 
“Central Pine belt to Coast plain. Still-flowing water. 
Most frequent in the coast region. Tuscaloosa County 
(E. A. Smith). Montgomery, Mobile, and Baldwin 
Counties. Flowers lemon yellow. June, July; not 
rare.”’ Just how many of the plants thus listed belong 
to our new species it isimpossible to tell. Probably 
most of them belong here. At any rate, none of the 
plants thus referred to are N. sagittifolia. We are re- 
luctant to describe a Nymphaea from dried material, 
but in this case there can be no doubt about the dis- 
tinctness of the plant. The leaves, while resembling 
those of N. ulvacea and N. sagittifolia in texture, are 
very different in outline. From our studies in this 
genus we may confidently expect that when fresh ma- 
terial of this plant is secured it will present other 
marks of distinction. 

We have seen the following additional dried mate- 
rial that seems to belong here. The leaves of the 
Florida specimens are somewhat more obtuse than those 
from farther west, but they are equally thin; the flowers have the very thin sepals 
so characteristic of this and Nymphaea fluviatilis. 

Additional specimens examined: 
Mississippi: Biloxi, March 26, 1898, Tracy 5012; Ocean Springs, April 5, 1889, 
Tracy; ponds and bayous near the coast, May, 1859, Hilgard; Wells Ferry, 
April 22, 1895, Skehan. 
Fioripa: Without locality, Chapman Herbarium; Apalachicola, December 6, 
1898, TJrelease. 


FIG. 23.—Leaf outline of Nymphaea 
chartacea. Scale }. 


10. Nymphaea sagittifolia Walt. 


Nymphaea sagittifolia Walt. Fl. Carol. 155, 1798. 

Nymphaea longifolia Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 312. 1803. 

Nymphaea sagittata Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 63. 1807. 

Juphar sagittaefolium Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 370. 1814. 

Nuphar longifolium Smith; Rees’s Cycl. no. 5. 1819. 

Ropalon sagittatum Raf. New Fl. N. Amer. 2:17. 1837. 

Nymphaea hastata Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 199. 1841. 

Nymphaea sagittaefolia Britt. & Brown, Illustr. Fl. 2: 43. 1897; Small, FI. 
Southeast. U. 8. 456. 1903, in part; Britton, Man. ed. 2. 407, 1905, in part; Rob- 
ins. & Fern. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 7. 391. 1908, in part. 

Type Locatity: South Carolina. 

DistrisuTion: Eastern North and South Carolina, 


96 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Floating leaves rather thick and leathery, narrowly oblong or usually narrowly 
oblong-lanceolate, 14 to 28 em. long and 5 to 10 cm. wide, not conspicuously narrowed 
at the apex, rounded; sinus 30 to 35 mm. deep, open, V-shaped; submersed leaves 
well developed, similar in outline to the floating ones but larger, sometimes 36 cm. 
long and only 7 cm. wide, very thin and delicate, crispate, glabrous 
like the floating ones; petioles slender, glabrous, cylindrical, 8 or 
9 mm. in diameter; rootstocks 20 to 25 mm. in diameter, densely 
leafy; leaf scars narrowly oval to semioval, 6 to 8 mm. long; 
flowers depressed-globose, 26 to 29 mm. in diameter and 19 to 22 
mm. high; sepals 6, glabrous, the outer ones 21 to 26 mm. long 
and 17 to 20 mm. wide, oblong, slightly narrowed towards the 
base, thin; the inner sepals of about the same length, orbicular, 
thin; stamens in 5 or 6 rows, the anthers scarcely if at all longer 
than the filaments; color of sepals canary yellow, tipped with 
green; petals and stamens yellow but paler than the sepals; fruit 
ovoid, 31 to 34: mm, high and 23 to 28 mm. in diameter, considera- 
bly constricted above, smooth or almost so below, conspicuously 
ribbed above; edges of the disk raised 4 or 5 mm., vertical or 
slightly spreading, orbicular in outline, almost or quite entire, 15 
to 17 mm. in diameter, its center depressed about 3 mm., smooth, 
3 to 6 mm. in diameter; stigma rays 10 to 14, linear, 4 mm. long, 
extending to within 2.5 mm. of the edge of the disk, distinct, with 
no trace of a median groove; color of fruit shining apple green, a 
little darker towards the top, occasionally darkening to oil green 
throughout; seeds ovoid, pointed but not sharply so, 4 to 5 mm. 
long and 3 mm. in diameter, the raphe rather obtuse and not con- 
spicuous. (PuLates 42, A, facing p. 96. 44, A, facing p.99.  Fia- 
Fig. 24.—Leaf out- URES 7, f, 24, 20.) 

line of Nymphaea 

sagittifolia. Scale 

1 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 42.—Seeds of Nymphaea spp. (A) Nymphaea sagittifolia, 
(B) N. ulvacea, (C) N. ovata, (D) N. puberula, (E) N. orbiculata, (F) N. bombycina, 
‘ (G) N, polysepala. Al] natural size. 
Specimens examined: 
In formalin— 
Nortu CARoLina: Fayetteville, 1902, Boynton. 
Dried— 
Norru Carouina: Fayetteville, 1902, Boynton; Wilmington, 1880, Dr. Thos. F. 
Wood; without locality, 1884, McCarthy; without local- 
ity, 1885, McCarthy 9; Northeast River, 1879, [Zyams 
(N. Y.); Cape Fear River, Wilmington, 1855, Z/examer 
& Maier (N. Y.); Fayetteville, 1904, Biltmore [Herba- 
rium 9657d; Wilmington, C. S. Williamson (N. Y.); 
near Fayetteville in Little River, Major Le Conte (Mo.); 
in the fresh water of Cape Fear River and its bayous 
under the influence of the tides, 1867, Canby (Mo.); Fis. 25.—Stigmatie 
Wilmington, Curtiss (Mo.). pattern of Nymphaea 
. + sagittifolia. Natural 
SoutH Carona: Georgetown, 1857, LZ. R. Gibbes (N. Y.). size. 
In Mohr’s Plant Life of Alabama this species is reported as 
occurring within that State. The specimens thus referred belong, for the greater part 
at least, to Nymphaea chartacea. In Gray’s Manual it is reported as occurring in 
southern Indianaand Illinois; but the ponds in which the plant grew are now drained, 
and we have been unable to procure fresh material from the region. It is exceedingly 
improbable that the species is found outside the States of North and South Carolina, 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 42. 


SEEDS OF SEVERAL SPECIES OF NYMPHAEA 


Contr. Nat, Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 43. 


A. FRUIT AND UNOPENED FLOWER OF NYMPHAEA ULVACEA MILLER & STANDLEY. 


B. Fruits oF NYMPHAEA OVATA MILLER & STANDLEY. 


MILLER AND STANDLEY—NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHAEA, 97 


We have seen no specimens from other States nor have we any information that 
clearly indicates the plant’s occurrence elsewhere. 


11. Nymphaea ulvacea Miller & Standley, sp. nov. 


Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 357366, collected in the Blackwater 
River near Milton, Florida, May 14, 1898, by A. H. Curtiss (no. 6409). 
DisrrisutTion: Extreme western Florida. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Petioles slender, terete, smooth, glabrous, 7 mm. in diameter, 45 to 70 cm. long; 
rootstocks stout, 2 to 5 cm. in diameter, oval in cross-section, 
the leaf scars 11 to 13 mm. long and 8 or 9mm. wide; floating 
leaves lanceolate or lance-ovate, 115 to 165 mm. long and 54 
to 66 mm. wide, very much narrowed at the blunt apex, 
glabrous; sinus closed, 20 to 28 mm. deep, the lobes over- 
lapping conspicuously; submersed leaves 23 to 28 cm. long 
and 7 to 10 cm. wide, very thin and delicate, the margins 
notably plicate; flowers 20 to 23 mm, in diameter, 15 to 18 
mm. high, depressed-globose; sepals 6, when spread measur- 
ing 45 to 65 mm.; outer sepals 24 to 25mm. long and 14 to 18 
mm. wide, broadly oblong, rounded, slightly narrowed at the 
base; inner sepals rounded-obovate, thinner, narrowed at 
the base into a claw 6 mm. long and 7 mm. wide; stamens 
in 4 or 5 rows, the anthers slightly longer than the filaments; 
fruit subglobose, abruptly contracted above, prominently 
ribbed almost to the base, 15 to 21 mm. high and 16 to 24mm. 
in diameter; rim of the disk 1.5 or 2mm. high; disk orbicular, 
11 to 18 mm, in diameter, its edges vertical, the center de- 
pressed about 3mm. and smooth; stigma rays 11 to 16, usually 
12 to 14, elliptical, 5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, acutish at 
both ends, distinct, with a very faint median groove or 
smooth; seeds 3.5 to 4 mm. long, 2.5 mm. in diameter, 
pointed, with an acute and conspicuous raphe. (PLATES 
42, B, facing p. 96; 43, A. Ficures 7, d, 26, 27.) 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 43.—A. Fruit and unopened flower of Nymphaca 


ulvacea. B. Fruit and flower of Nymphaea ovata. Both natural size. Fic. 26.—Leaf outline of 


sys * “« Nymphaea ulvacea, 
Additional specimens examined: scale }. 


In formalin— 
Fiori: Milligan, September 24, 1901, Curtiss. 
Dried— 
Froripa: Milligan, May 14, 1898, Curtiss 6409; Blackwater River, Santa Rosa 
County, Curtiss 104. 

Although related to Nymphaea sagittifolia the Florida plant 
may be distinguished by its much wider, more pointed leaves, 
its smaller fruit, and its elliptical stigma rays. The submersed 
leaves when dried strongly suggest specimens of certain alge, 
especially the genus Ulva, hence the specific name. 


12. Nymphaea ovata Miller & Standley, sp. nov. 


mG. 27 -— Stigmatic Date Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, collected at San 
0) ympnaead 
ulvacea. ‘ NN atineal Marcos, Texas, August 6, 1901, by Mr. J. L. Leary. Preserved 
size. in formalin. The description was based principally upon the 
fresh material of this collection. 
Distripution: Central-eastern Texas. 


98 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Petioles stout, terete, 13 to 15 mm. in diameter, smooth, more or less silky-pubescent; 
leaf blades ovate, 22 to 35 em. long and 16 to 28cm. wide, broadest just above the base, 
thick, smooth and shining dark green above, densely silky-pubescent beneath, the 
principal lateral veins about 24 on each side, distinct and parallel for two-thirds the 


Fic. 28,—Leaf outline of Nymphaea ovata. Seale }. 


distance to the margin; sinuses 
open but very narrow, 7 to 9cm. 
long; flowers depressed-globose, 
30 to 40 mm. in diameter, 18 to 
23 cm. high; sepals 6, when 
spread measuring 65 to 82 mm.; 
the outer ones 24 to 30mm, long, 
20 to 25 mm. wide, oblong to 
suborbicular, often asymmetri- 
cal, silky-pubescent on the outer 
surface, strongly convex, green 
except sometimes at the tips, 
there yellowish; inner sepals 28 
to 32 mm. long and about as 
broad, broadly deltoid-obovate, 
truncate or emarginate, glabrous 
or sparingly pubescent near the 
middle of the base, narrowed at 
the base to a short, broad claw, 
bright chrome yellow throughout 
or greenish toward the base; 
stamens in 5 or 6 rows, the 
anthers twice as long as the fila- 
ments; fruit globose-ovoid, 
slightly constricted above, 30 to 
35 mm. high, 30 to 40 mm. in 
diameter, rather inconspicu- 
ously ribbed below, prominently 


80 above, green becoming yellowish above; rim of disk vertical, 5 to 7 mm. high; 
disk depressed 5 to 8 mm., 22 to 24 mm. in diameter, almost orbicular, smooth in 
the center, chrome yellow; rays buff, 13 to 20, usually 15 to 17, 5 to 8 mm. long, 
extending to within 2 to 4 mm. of the edge of the disk, linear-lanceolate, 1.3 mm. 


wide at the base, narrower and acutish at the apex, usually 
confluent at the base, with a strong median groove; seeds 
3.5 to 4 mm. long, 3 mm, in diameter, ovoid, pointed, with a 
prominent acute raphe. (Puates 42, C, facing p. 96; 43, 
B, facing p. 97. Fiaures 7, a, 28, 29.) 
Additional specimens examined: 

Dry— 

Texas: New Braunfels, June !7, 1906, Otto Locke; same 
locality, June 15, 1910, Otto Locke: San Marcos, No- 
vember 6, 1897, Trelease. 

This can not be confounded with any other species, 
Although its leaves are pubescent beneath they are very dif- 


Fig. 29.—Stigmatie pat- 
tern of Nymphaeaovata. 
Natural size, 


erent in outline from those of the other species whose leaves are pubescent. 
Material collected by Mr. Andrew Allison at Slidell, Louisiana, in July, 1904, 
resembles this very closely; unfortunately it consists of leaves only, One sheet in the 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. Plate 44. 


A. FLOWER AND FRUIT OF NYMPHAEA SAGITTIFOLIA WALT. 


‘ | 


B. FRUIT OF NYMPHAEA PUBERULA MILLER & STANDLEY. 


MILLER AND STANDLEY—NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHAEA. 99 


Mohr Herbarium belongs here so far as one can tell from dried material; it was collected 
by Doctor Mohrat Mobile, Alabama. The one leaf is 19cm. long and densely pubescent 
beneath. A specimen in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, coilected 
at San Antonio, Texas, by Gustav Jermy, may also represent this plant. 


13. Nymphaea puberula Miller & Standley, sp. nov. 


Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, collected in Brays Bayou, about 4 miles 
south of Houston, Texas, September 6, 
1901, by TH. P. Attwater. Preserved in 
formalin. Described from the fresh ma- 
terial of this collection. 
DistrisutTion: Near Houston, Texas. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Leaves floating, rather thin, orbicular- 

ovate, rounded at the apex, widest about 

the middle, 17 to 25 cm. long and 16 to 21 

cm. wide, the sinus about 6 cm. deep, open 

but very narrow; blades smooth above, 

rather sparsely puberulent beneath; peti- 

oles and peduncles terete, almost glabrous; 

lateral nerves of the blades 14 to 16, par- 

allel and unbranched for one-half or two- 

thirds their length; flowers depressed- 

globose, 26 to 33 mm. In diameter, the Fia. 30.—Leaf outline of Nymphaea pubcrula, 

perianth when spread measuring about 60 Seale 3. 

mm.; outer sepals oblong, subtruncate at 

the apex, slightly narrowed towards the base, 20 to 26 mm. wide; inner sepals 

broader, broadly deltoid-obovate to almost orbicular, retuse, narrowed abruptly at 

the base into a claw 5 mm. long and 6 mm. wide; stamens in 5 or 6 rows, linear- 

cuneate, the anthers one and one-half times as long as the filaments; sepals in color 

canary yellow, the disk of the ovary slightly and the stamens decidedly paler, no 

trace of red anywhere present in the flowers; fruit broadly ovoid, only slightly con- 

stricted above, 31 to 38 mm. high, 32 to 40 mm. in diameter, the edges of the disk 

raised asa rim 3 to 5mm. high; stigmatic crater conspicuously depressed; stigmatic rays 
9 to 20, usually 13 to 15, 4 to 5 mm. Jong, linear, with no 
trace of a median groove, extending to within 1.5 or 2 mm. 
of the edge of the orbicular disk; center of disk umbonate; 
fruit faintly ribbed above, almost smooth below; seeds 4 to 
5 mm. long and 2.5 or 3 mm. in diameter, conspicuously 
pointed, with a sharply acute raphe; color of fruit pepper 
green, the disk yellowish. (Piares 42, D, facing p. 96; 44, 

Fia.31.—Stigmaticpatten B. Fiaures 10, a, 30, 31.) 


of Nymphaea puberula. 


. ' EXPLANATION OF PLATE 44.—A. Flower and fruit of Nymphaca sagitti- 
Natural size. 


folia. B. Fruit of Nymphaea pubderula. Both natural size. 

Here belongs a sheet in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, collected 
in running water near Houston by Lindheimer. 

The plant suggests Nymphaea fluviatilis but the pubescent leaves distinguish it at 
once. Its pubescence throws it into the group with N. orbiculata, N. bombycina, and 
N. ovata, but the leaves are very different in outline and their pubescence is much 
more sparse, 


100 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Concerning the locality where the specimens were gathered Mr. Attwater, the col- 
lector, says: ‘‘All of the specimens are from Brays Bayou, about 4 miles south of 
Houston. This bayou is like many others in the Gulf Region; indry weather the water 
stands in pools or holes. Its sides are lined with trees, bushes, and tangled weeds, sv 
that the water is kept shaded all day long. The particular spot where these lilies 
were taken would get only a few gleams of sunshine during the day, but I presume the 
plants grow in more open water where they are not shaded all day long. They were 

growing in water about knee-deep.”’ 


14. Nymphaea microcarpa Miller & 
Standley, sp. nov. 


Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, 
collected in the San Antonio River near 
San Antonio, Texas, March 26, 1910, by 
Mr. Bernard Mackensen. Preserved in for- 
malin. Described from the fresh material 
of the type collection. 
~ Distrisution.—Vicinity of San Antonio, 
Texas. 

DESCRIPTION. 


Leaves broadly rounded-ovate to orbicu- 
lar in outline, widest near the base, 12 to 25 
cm. long and 16 to 24 cm. wide, rounded at 
the apex, emarginate, dull green and gla- 
brous above, rather densely silky-pubescent 
beneath; sinus broadly V-shaped; lobes rounded; petioles terete, silky-pubescent 
throughout; sepals thin, the outer orbicular to oblong, the inner obovate, rounded, 
truncate, or slightly emarginate at the apex, the outer oil green, yellowish at the 
apex, the inner sulphur yellow, the flowers with no tinge of red; stamens in 5 or 6 
rows, the anthers slightly longer than the filaments; fruit subglobose to almost cylin- 
drical, 20 to 26 mm. high and 18 to 24 mm. in diameter, slightly constricted above, 
deeply ribbed, almost lobed, from base to top; rim of the disk somewhat spreading or 
erect, 1.5 to 2.5 mm. high; disk orbicular, 13 to 20 mm, in diameter, entire, slightly 
depressed (1 to4 mm.), the center umbonate, 3 or 4 mm. in 
diameter; rays 9 to 15, mostly 12, linear or slightly widened 
at the base, distinct, with an evident median groove, extend- 
ing to within 1.5 or 2 mm. of the edge of the disk; body of 
the fruit clear green, the edge of the disk faintly tinged with 
red; seeds 3.5 mm. long and 2.5 mm. in diameter, shining 
dark brown, ovoid, acutish. (Piare 41, A, facing p. 92. 
Fiaures 4, a, 32, 33.) Fig. 33.—Stigmatie pattern 

of Nymphaea microcarpa. 
Natural size. 


Fia. 32.—Leaf outline of Nymphaea microcarpa, 
Scale }. 


We first became acquainted with this plant through rather 
incomplete material collected by Mr. H. P. Attwater, October 
18, 1902, in the Medina River, about 15 miles southwest of San Antonio, Texas. This 
consisted of leaves and fruit without flowers. Later we were fortunate enough to 
secure specimens from Mr. Bernard Mackensen, of San Antonio, This last sending 
enables us to complete our diagnosis and to be more certain of the distinctness of the 
species. The same collector has forwarded less complete material than the type 
collected in the Cibolo River at Sutherland Springs, 30 miles east of San Antonio, 
March 27, 1910. He states that the leaves are usually floating, rarely erect. 

Nymphaea microcarpa is most closely related, perhaps, to N. ovata of San Marcos, 
Texas, a locality not fardistant. The outline of the leaves, however, is very different, 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16, PLATE 45. 


A. FLOWER AND FRUIT OF NYMPHAEA ORBICULATA SMALL. 


B. FLOWER AND FRUIT OF NYMPHAEA BOMBYCINA MILLER & STANDLEY. 


MILLER AND STANDLEY—NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHAEA. 101 


and the plants lack the peculiar yellowish cast exhibited by the San Marcos specimens. 
The fruit, too, is much smaller, and the number of stigmatic rays decidedly less. 


15. Nymphaea orbiculata Small. 


Nymphaea orbiculata Small, Bull. Torrey Club 23: 128. 1896. 

Type Locauity: ‘In a small lake near Thomasville, Thomas County, southern 
Georgia.”” Type collected by 
J. K. Small. 

DisTRIBUTION: Known only 
from Thomas County, Georgia. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Leaves floating, orbicular 
in outline but broadest near 
the base, thick and leathery, 
glabrous above but silky- 
pubescent beneath, 30 to 50 
cm. in diameter, emarginate, 
the closed sinus 6.5 to 14 cm. 
deep, the broadly rounded 
lobes overlapping; veins par- 
allel almost to the margin; 
petioles and peduncles cyl- 
indrical, stout, pubescent 
throughout; flowers depressed - 
globose, about 55 mm. in 
diameterand 30mm. high, the 
perianth when spread meas- 
uring about 100 mm.; sepals 
normally 6, the 3 outer elliptical-oblong, about 45 mm. long and 30 mm. wide, gla- 
brous throughout, the three inner suborbicular, about 40 mm. in diameter, their bases 
abruptly narrowed toa claw 10 mm. wide, truncate or retuse at the apex; petals 22 
to 24, varying from linear to oblong or oblong-obovate, 9.5 mm. long and 2.5 to 6 mm. 
wide, retuse, truncate, or rounded at the apex, with a gland- 
ular spot 2 mm. in diameter usually present on the outer side 
near the tip; stamens usually in 8 rows, about 30 to the row; 
anthers slightly but distinctly longer than the filaments; color 
of flowers not accurately known, but specimens after a few 
weeks’ immersion in formalin showing a pattern in no way 
peculiar and proving the entire absence of red; fruit sub- 
globose, about 45 mm. in diameter, distinctly marked with 
fine ribs above, smooth about the base; stigmatic crater 

oo about 28 mm. wide and 5 mm. deep, its outer wall usually 

Fi. 35.—Stigmatic pattern Vertical; center of disk smooth; stigma rays distinct, varying 
of Nymphaea orbiculata. , 

Natural size. in number from 12 to 22, but usually 15, 16, or 17, when 

fully developed 4 to 6 mm. in length and about 0.5 mm. 

wide, extending to within 1.5 mm. of the edge of the disk; surface of rays with 

barely indicated median line; seeds ovoid, about 4.5 mm. long and 3 mm. in 

diameter, with a distinct raphe. (PuarTe 42, E, facing p. 96; 45, A. Ficures 4, }, 

34, 35.) 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 45.—A. Flower and fruit of Nymphaea orbiculata. B. Flower and fruit of 

Nymphaea bombycina. Both natural size. 


Fia. 34.—Leaf outline of Nymphaea orbiculata. Scale 4. 


102 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Specimens examined: 
In formalin— 
Georeia: Heards Pond, 1901, Harper. 
Dry— 
Grorata: Along the Ochlockonee River, near Thomasville, 1895, Small, type 
(N. Y.); Heards Pond, Thomas County, 1901, Harper 1178. 


16. Nymphaea bombycina Miller & Standley, sp. nov. 


Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 394797, collected at Wellborn, Florida, 
October 11, 1901, by A. H. Cur- 
tiss (no. 6900). Besides the type 
sheet another in the National 
Herbarium, no. 394798, is of this 
collection. 

DistriBpution: Northern Flor- 
ida and southern Georgia. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Rootstocks stout, very large 
and fleshy, rough, 7 or 8 cm. in 
diameter; leaf blades floating, 
glabrous on the upper surface, 
densely silky-pubescent be- 
neath, thick and leathery, very 
broadly ovate to almost orbicu- 
lar in outline, 20 to 30 em. long 
and 20 to 25 em. wide, broadest 
near the base, rounded at the 
apex, and emarginate; sinus 
open, V-shaped or U-shaped, two- 
fifths as long as the blade, the 
lobes broadly rougded; veins 
conspicuous, parallel almost to the margin, the midrib stout and very prominent; 
petioles stout, terete, about 10 mm. in diameter, silky-pubescent: peduncles stout, 
densely pubescent, 10 to 15 mm. in diameter; flowers large, depressed-globose, much 
flattened, 60 to 80 mm. in diameter, 35 to 45 mm. 
high, when spread measuring 12 to 14 cm.; sepals 
very thick and fleshy, the outer oblong, obtuse, the 
inner obovate, broadly rounded; outersepalsoil green, 
yellowish at the tips, the inner almost entirely sulphur 
yellow, nored present anywhere in the flower; stamens 
in 6 or 7 rows, the anthers about twice as long as the 
filaments; fruit ovoid or almost cylindrical, 50 to 60 
mm. in diameter, smooth below, faintly and finely 
ribbed above, slightly constricted just below the 
spreading edges of the stigmatic disk, this 30 to 35 
mm. in diameter, orbicular, the margin undulate; 
rays 15 to 18, usually 16, linear, distinct and distant, 
extending to within 2 mm. of the edge of the disk, 
with no trace of a median groove; central area about 12 mm. in diameter, smooth, 
depressed about 5 mm.; seeds ovoid, light chestnut brown, 6 mm. long and 4.5 mm. 
in diameter. the raphe acutish; color of fruit much as in N. orbiculata, the body oil 


Fic. 36.—Leaf outline of Nymphaea bombycina. Scale 3. 


Fig. 37.—Stigmatie pattern of Nym- 
phaea bombycina, Natural size. 


PLATE 46. 


rb 


Contr. Nat. He 


"OGVHONND ‘SLING YHSLVUD LV ‘SNSSYD (‘WIS9NQ) VIVvVdaSAI10d VAVHdWAN 


MILLER AND STANDLEY—NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHAEA. 108 


green or lighter, the disk yellowish. (PLatres 42, F, facing p. 96; 45, B, facing p. 101. 
Fiaures 7, ¢, 36, 37.) 


Additional specimens examined: 

Dry— 

Grorata: Ii shallow water (30 to 60 cm. deep) of Ocean Pond, Lowndes County, 
September 4, 1902, R. M. Harper 1610. 

With Nymphaea orbiculata, the only closely related species, this forms a group 
sharply differentiated from all 
other North American Nym- 
phaeas. The plants are marked 
by their large, almost orbicular, 
silky-pubescent, thick and 
almost leathery leaves, and large 
flowers and fruit. This species 
may be separated from its near 
relative by the open sinus of the 
leaves, larger flowers and fruit, 
and larger seeds. In addition 
the stamens are in decidedly 
fewer rows. 


17. Nymphaea polysepala 
(Engelm.) Greene. 


Nuphar polysepalum Engel. 
Trans. Acad. St. Louis. 2: 
283. 1865. 
Nuphar polysepalum pictum 
Engelm. loc. cit. 285. 1865. 
Nymphaea polysepala Greene, 
Bull. Torrey Club 15: 84, 
1888. 
Type Locauity: “In Osborn’s 
Lake, in the same region, at an 
sine terion”? de" Gia ‘s Lake Fig, 38.—Leaf outline of ane polysepala, typical form. 
near Long’s Peak,’’ Colorado. 
The type was collected by Dr. C. C. Parry. 
DistripuTion: Alaska south through northern California and in western Nevada, 
and southeastward through northern Idaho and western 
Montana to western South Dakota and Colorado. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Leaves usually floating, rarely held above the water, 
the lobes, however, often elevated, oblong or ovate, 
rather thick, dull green, glabrous, 21 to 40 cm. long and 
16 to 26 cm. wide, sometimes slightly narrowed at the 
apex but usually rather broadly rounded, widest just 
above the base; sinus usually open and broadly V-shaped, 
sometimes closed, 7 to 10 cm. deep, the lobes rounded or 
acutish; petiolesand pedunclesglabrous, terete, 8to16mm. 
in diameter; submersed leaves lacking; flowers 55 to 70 
mm. in diameter and 40 mm. high, depressed-globose, the perianth when spread 
measuring 110 to 140 mm.; sepals usually 9, sometimes 7 to 12, the outer ones small, 
rounded-oblong, 30 to 50 mm. long, the inner orbicular, 40 to 55 mm. long and 35 to 


22075°—12——4 


Fic. 39.—Stigmatic pattern of 
Nymphaea polysepala. Nat- 
ural size. 


104 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


50mm. wide, truncate or retuse at the apex, gradually narrowed to the base or abruptly 
narrowed into a short claw; petals very thick, oblong, equaling the stamens; these 
in 5 to 7 rows, their anthers slightly exceeding the filaments; capsules globose-ovoid 
to almost cylindrical, 45 to 90 mm. high and 35 to 60 mm. in diameter, abruptly con- 
stricted above, rather conspicuously ribbed throughout; stigma rays 14 to 30, usually 
20 to 25; crater suborbicular, 30 to 35 mm. in diameter, usually about 20 mm. deep, 
its margin almost entire, sometimes slightly undulate; rays linear, with no trace of a 
median groove, distinct, 14 to 18 mm. long, extending to within 1 mm. of the edge of 
the disk; center of the crater smooth; outer sepals oil green, yellowish at the tips; 
inner sepals chrome yellow, the tips usually shaded with green; petals greenish 
yellow, their inner surfaces tinged with purplish brown except at the base and tip; 
filaments light greenish yellow, the anthers dark prune purple; pollen straw yellow; 
fruit varying in color from light apple green to citron yellow; seeds 3.5 to 4 mm. long, 
oblong, dull brown, shining. (Piares 42, G, facing p. 96; 46, 47. Ficures 16, ¢, 
38-40. ) 
EXPLANATION OF PLATES 46, 47.—Pl. 46, Nymphaca polysepala at Crater Butte, Colorado; photographed 
by Mr. E. R. Warren. PI. 47, fruit of Nymphaea polysepala (typical). Natural size. 
Specimens examined: 
In formalin— 
AtasKa: Iliamna, 1902, W. 1. Osgood; Kodiak, 1901, W. J. Fisher. 
WASHINGTON: Tacoma, 1902, Flett; same locality, 1901, Fleit. 
Ipano: Henrys Lake, Lake P. O., 1901, J. Sherwood. 
Wyominac: Beaver Lake, Yellowstone National Park, 1902, Mearns. 
Sours Daxkora: Spearfish, 1901, D. C. Booth. 
CoLorapbo: Near Boulder, 1902, R. T. Young; near Leadville, 1901, Tulian. 
CatirorniA: Near Albion, Mendocino County, 1901, James Mc Murphy; Stock- 
ton, 1902, LZ. Belding. 
Dry— 
AuasKA: Yakutat Bay, 1899, Trelease & Saunders 3758, 3758a, 3759, 3760 (Mo.); 
Yakutat, 1904, Piper 4362; Seldovia, 1904, Piper 4346; vicinity of Yakutat 
Bay, Khantaak Island, 1892, Funston 43; Copper River Region, 1902, Wm. 
L. Poto 114; Kodiak, 1900, Walpole 1173; Sitka, 1900, Walpole 1132; Camp 
Retreat, 1886, H. G. U. Stoney; Yakutat Mission, 1899, Trelease 3759; near 
Orca, Prince William Sound, 1899, Coville & Kearney 1317; Kodiak, 1899, 
Coville & Kearney 2323; Kodiak, 1897, Evans 394; Short Bay, 1895, Gorman 
107; Kodiak, 1874, U. S. Coast Survey (Gray); in small mountain ponds near 
Yes Bay, 1895, T. Howell (Greene). 
British Cotumsra: Vancouver Island, 1893, Macoun (Greene); Chilliwick Val- 
ley, 1901, Macoun 33763; Revelstoke, 1890, Macoun; Victoria, Vancouver 
Island, J. R. Anderson; swamp by Goldstream, Selkirks, 1903, C. H. 
Shaw 936 (Phila.); San Juan Lake and River, Vancouver Island, 1902, 
Rosendahl 893 (N. Y.); Fort Rupert, Vancouver Island, 1904, Geo. Hunt 
(N. Y.); Lower Frazer River, 1859, Lyall (Gray); near Victoria, 1885, 
Fletcher (Gray). 
WasHINGTON: Falcon Valley, 1882, Suksdorf; Union Flat, Whitman County, 
1892, Hull 421 (N, Y.); Chehalis County 1897, Lamb 1260 (N. Y.); Seattle, 
1892, Mosier; Big Meadows, 8 miles west of Ione, 1902, Kreager 426; Spokane 
River, Wilkes Exploring Expedition 546; Lake Union, King County, 1898, 
Savage, Cameron & Lencoker (Mo.). 
Oregon: Sauvies Island, 1886, JT. Howell (C.); Forest Grove, Washington 
County, 1894, F. E. Lloyd (N. Y.); without locality, 1871, Hall (Gray); 
Blue Mountains, 1888, Cusick 1525; Buck Lake, Klamath County, 1897, 
Coville & Applegate 48; in a slough near Todds, Forest Grove, 1902, 7. E. 


Contr, Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. 


PLATE 47. 


FRUIT OF NYMPHAEA POLYSEPALA (ENGELM.) GREENE. 


MILLER AND STANDLEY—NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHAEA, 105 


Specimens examined—Continued. 
Dry—Continued. 
Wilcor 1; Klamath Agency, 1902, Walpole 2221; ponds, Salem, 1871, Hall; 
Mount Hood, 1898, Applegate 2844; vicinity of Portland, 1905, Wm. Palmer 
1474; ponds near Portland, 1900, Henderson 44 (Mo.); near Coos Bay, 1880, 
George Engelmann (Mo.). 

Montana: Spanish Basin, Gallatin County, 1898, Blankinship; Big Fork, 1901, 
MacDougal 566 (N. Y.); Forks of the Madison, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey 4058; 
Spanish Basin, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey 4059 (N. Y.); Spanish Creek, Galla- 
tin County, 1901, /. Vogel (Gray); Lost Horse Pass, Bitter Root Forest 
Reserve, 1897, Leiberg 2982; Madison Valley, Robert Adams; no locality, 
E. V. Wilcox 326. 

Wyromina: Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, 1899, Blankin- 
ship (Mo.); Shell Creek, Big Horn 
Mountains, 1899, Tweedy 2284 
(N.Y.); shallow water near Leighs 
Lake, 1901, Merrill d& Wilcor 1116; 
Beaver Lake, Yellowstone Na- 
tional Park, 1902, Mearns 2626; in 
a small lake, Norris Geyser Basin, 
1899, A. & E. Nelson 6152; Yel- 
lowstone National Park, 1902, 
Mearns 2526, 2624; head of Green 
River, 1894, A. Nelson 898; pond 
one mile east of the Falls of the 
Firehole River, Yellowstone Na- 
tional Park, 1887, Ward. 

Ipano: Valley of Lake Tesemini, Koo- 
tenai County, 1892, Sandberg, Mac- 
Dougal & Heller 701; Lake Coeur 
d’Alene, 1892, Ation 71 (N. Y.); 
Farmington Landing, Lake Coeur 
d’Alene, 1892, Sandberg, Mac- 
Dougal & Heller 621; in the South 
Fork of the Coeur d’Alene River, 
near Old Mission, 1895, Leiberg 
1412; Clarks Fork, 1889, Greene 
(Greene); North Fork of Columbia 
River near Lake Pend Oreille, Fic. 40.—Leaf outline of Nymphaea polysepala, 
Leiberg. southern form. Scale 4. 

Uran: Uintas, northern Utah, 1869, Watson. 

CoLorapo: Small lake in Animas Valley, 1875, T. S. Brandegee 1166 (Phila.); 
Osborne Lake, 1864, Parry (Gray, Mo.). 

Nevapa: Marlette Lake, Washoe County, 1902, Baker 1479. 

CaLirorNiA: Stockton, 1902, L. Belding; 10 to 15 miles west from Amedee, alt. 
1,200 meters, 1897, Jones; Susie Lake Trail, Lake Tahoe Region, 1909, 
McGregor 179; without locality, Bridges 13a (C.); Lagunitas, Marin County, 
1877, Edwards (N. Y.); Pudding Creek, Mendocino County, 1894, Eastwood 
(Gray); Plumas County, Mrs. Ames (Gray); Blue Lakes, Lake County, 1893, 
Blankinship (Gray); Stockton, 1890, Greene (Greene); Stockton, 1890, J. A. 
Sanford (Greene); Siskiyou County, 1876, Greene (Greene); Eureka, Hum- 
boldt County, 1890, Greene (Greene); Big Lagoon, Big River, 1903, McMur- 
phy 194; without locality, 1875, G. R. Vasey; near Lassen Buttes, Plumas 
County, 1897, Brown 656; without locality, Hartweg 1637 (Gray); sloughs 


106 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Specimens examined—Continued, 
Dry—Continued. 
near Stockton, 1896, Jepson (Gray); Mad River near Vances, Humboldt Bay, 
1901, Chandler 1236; Olema Lake, Marin County, 1862, State Survey 1481; 
Truckee, 1893, Miss Michener; Long Valley, 1866, Bolander (Mo.). 

The species seems to be fairly constant in all its essential characters. As in other 
species, the leaves are somewhat variable but within definite limits. Figure 38 rep- 
resents the typical leaf form exhibited by the greater number of specimens. Figure 
39 shows a leaf outline characteristic of the southern representatives of the species. 
There seem to be no concomitant characters which, combined with the difference 
in leaf form, might separate the northern and southern plants. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


The following list includes most of the titles dealing with the 
genus Nymphaea in North America, No attempt has been made 
to include mere isolated data regarding local distribution. The 
articles listed are only those that have been referred to in the prepara- 
tion of the present paper. 


Aiton, Wiuuiam. Hortus Kewensis 2: 226-228. 1789. 
Contains the original description of Nymphaea advena, 
Aiton, Wmuam T. Hortus Kewensis ed. 2. 3: 295, 1811. 
Makes the new combinations Nuphar advena and N, kalmianum. 
Bailey, L. H. Cyclopedia of American Horticulture 3: 1096-97. 1901. 
Enumerates 7 species from North America, 
Brewer, W. I1., Watson, Sereno, and Gray, Asa. Botany [of California] 1: 17. 1876, 
Description of Nymphaea polysepala with notes upon distribution. 
Britten, James. The nomenclature of Nymphaea, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 26: 
6-11. 1888. 
A discussion of the application of generic names. 
Britton, N. L., and Brown, Addison. Illustrated Flora 2: 42-3. 1897, 
Descriptions and illustrations of 4 species. 
Bubani, P. Flora pyrenaea 3: 259-261. 1901. 
Publication of the generic name Nymphona. 
‘Caspary, R. Nymphaeaceae. In Eng]. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3°: 1-10. 1888. 
Chesnut, V. K. Plants used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California. 
Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 295-408. 1902. 
Notes on Nymphaea polysepala on p. 347. 
Chifflot, J. B. J. Contributions a l’étude de la classe des Nymphéinées, Ann. 
Univ. Lyon 10: 1-294. 1902. 
A morphological and histological study of various members of the family, including Nymphaea 
advena and N. kalmiana. 
Cook, M. T. Development of the embryo-sac and embryo of Castulia odorata and 
Nymphaea advena. Bull. Torrey Club 24: 211-220. pl. 12, 15. 1902. 
Coulter, J. M. The internal hairs of Nymphaea and Nuphar. Bot. Gaz, 6: 250- 
255, 1831. 
Review ofan article by C. F. Cox in American Monthly Microscopical Jourpal for June and July, 1881. 
Coville, F. V. Notes on the plants used by the Klamath Indians of Oregon. Contr. 
Nat. Herb. 5: 87-108. .1897. 
Contains notes on the uses of Nymphaea polysepala. 
Wokas, a primitive food of the Klamath Indians. Rep, U.S, Nat. Mus, 
1902: 725-739. pl. 1-18. 1904. 
An extensive account of the economic uses of Nymphaea polysepala. 
De Candolle, A. P. Prodromus naturalis regni vegetabilis 1: 113-116. 1824. 
On p. 116 the section Nuphar of the genus Nymphaea is treated, with 6 species listed, 3 of them from 
North America. 


MILLER AND STANDLEY—NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHAEA. 107 


Du Mortier, B. Note sur deux Nymphéacées du Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Bot. 
Belg. 3: 4-8. 1864. 
Eaton, Amos. Manual of Botany for North America 305. 1836. 
Cites 3 species of Nuphar from North America. 
Elliott, SrepHeN. Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia 2: 8-9. 1824. 
Two species described, with notes. 
Engelmann, Georce. In Parry’s Physiography of the Rocky Mountains. Appen- 
dix Trans. Acad. St. Louis 2: 283-285. 1865. 
Describes Nuphar polysepalum and subspecies pictum, 
Fernald, M. L. Notes on some plants of northeastern America. Rhodora 10: 
46-55. 1908. 
Nymphaea advena variegata, a new combination. 
Gandoger, M. Flora Europae terrarumque adjacentium 1: 308-313. 1883. 
Publication of a large number of new names in Nymphaea and Nuphar. 
Gorman, M. W. Economic botany of Alaska. Pittonia 3: 64-85, 1896. 
Notes upon Nymphaea polysepala included. 
Gray, Asa. Manual of the botany of the northern United States 24. 1848, 
Two forms of Nuphar admitted. 
Greene, E. L. Bibliographical notes on well-known plants. II. Nymphaea and 
Nuphar. Bull. Torrey Club 14: 177-179. 1887. 
Notes on the application of the two generic names. 
Bibliographical notes on well-known plants. VII. Castalia and 
Nymphaea, Bull. Torrey Club 15: 84-85. 1888. 
Two new combinations made in the genus Nymphaea. 
Harper, R. M. Some new or otherwise noteworthy plants from the coastal plain of 
Georgia. Bull. Torrey Club 38: 229-245. 1906. 
Nymphaea fluviatilis described. 
Havard, V. Food plants of the North American Indians. Bull. Torrey Club 22: 
120. 1895. 
Notes on the economic uses of Nymphaea polysepala. 
Hooker, Wm. J. Flora Boreali-Americana 1: 32-3. 1829. 
Contains notes on the habits of several species of Nuphar. 
Lawson, Georce. On the Nymphaeaceae. Proc. & Trans. Roy, Soc. Canada 6: 
97-125, 1889. 
Extended notes on the family. 
Linné, Cart von. Species Plantarum 510. 1753. 
Publishes the genus Nymphaea with four species. Under one, WN, lutea, there is a reference to North 
American material. 
Michaux, ANDREAS. Flora Boreali-Americana 1: 311-12. 1803. 
Recognizes, under Nymphaea, three forms of the genus from North America, two of them new, 
Miller, G. S., jr. The large yellow pond lilies of the northeastern United States. 
Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 11-13. pl. 2. 1902. 
Nymphaea variegata distinguished from N. advena. 
Mohr, Cuarves. Plant life of Alabama. Contr. Nat. Herb. 6: 504. 1901. 
Notes on N. advena and N. sagittifolia in Alabama. 
Morong, THomas. Revision of the North American species of Nuphar. Bot. Gaz. 
11: 164-169. pl. 6. 1886. 
Two new forms published. 
Peck, ©. H. Report of the Botanist. Ann. Rep. N. Y. Mus. Nat. Hist. 34: 
24-58. 1881. 
A new subspecies described on p, 53. 
Plants of North Elba, Essex County, New York. Bull. N. Y. State 
Mus. 6: 67-266. 1899. 
A new combination made on p. 75. 
Piper, ©. V. Flora of the State of Washington. Contr. Nat. Herb. 11: 264-5. 1906. 
Notes on the distribution and habits of Nymphaea polysepala. 
Pringle, ©. G. Northeastern notes, 1879. Bull. Torrey Club 6: 365, 1879. 
Remarks upon two species of Nuphar. 


108 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Provancher, ABBE L. Flore Canadienne. 1862. 
_On p, 28 the new name Nuphar americanum published. 
Pursh, Freperick. Flora Americae septentrionalis 2: 369-70. 1814. 
Four species recognized under Nuphar and a new combination made. 
Rafinesque-Schmaltz, C.S. New flora and botany of North America 2: 17. 1836, 
The genus Ropalon published. 
Robertson, CHARLES, Flowers and insects. Bot. Gaz. 14: 120-126. 1889, 
On p. 122 an extended discussion of Nuphar advena., 
Robinson, B. L. In A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 77-79. 1895. 
The genus Nuphar with four species and three subspecies recognized, 
Salisbury, R. A. Descriptions of the natural order of Nymphaeeae. Ann. Bot. 2: 
69-76. 1806. 
The new name Nymphaea arifolia published. 
Schuster, Jutrus. Zur Systematik von Castalia und Nymphaea. Bull. Herb. 
Boiss. 7: 853-868, 901-916, 981-996. 1907. 8: 65-74, pl. 1. 1907. 
An exhaustive account of the European Nymphaeas with references to American ones. 
Sibthorp, Jon. Florae Graecae prodromus 1: 361, 1808. 
Publication of the generic name Nuphar. 
Small, J. K. Studies in the botany of the southeastern United States. V. Bull. 
Torrey Club 28: 125-130. 1896. 
Describes Nymphaea orbiculata. 
Studies in the botany of the southeastern United States. XIV. Bull. 
Torrey Club 25: 465-484. 1898. 
Describes Nymphaea macrophylla, 
Torrey, JoHN. Flora of the State of New York. Nat. Hist. N. Y. pt. 2. 1: 39-40, 
1843. 
Three species of Nuphar recognized. 
and Gray, Asa. Flora of North America 1: 57-8. 1838. 
Three species and two subspecies recognized under Nuphar, one subspecies new. 
Walter, THomas. FI. Carol. 154-155. 1798. 
Recognizes two species of Nymphaea of the section Nuphar. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW PLANTS PRELIMINARY TO A 
REPORT UPON THE FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 


By E. O. Wooton and PavL C. STANDLEY. 


INTRODUCTION. 


For several years the writers have had in preparation a flora of 
New Mexico. The manuscript of the grasses was the first part to be 
completed, the material of this family in the herbarium of the New 
Mexico Agricultural College having been carefully worked over in 
the winter of 1906-7. There has been published recently as a bulletin 
of the New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station a list of the 
grasses and grass-like plants of the State in which are enumerated 
all the species of the Poaceae, Juncaceae, and Cyperaceae, which we 
have seen from within our limits, the paper being accompanied by 
keys to the genera and species. While the material in the Agricul- 
tural College Herbarium was the basis of that report, all of that in 
the National Herbarium has now been gone over carefully, resulting 
in many additions to our first list. 

The Cactaceae of the State have been treated in a similar bulletin 
published by the same institution. The flora of New Mexico is par- 
ticularly rich in representatives of this family, no less than 67 being 
known to occur within the State, while additional ones are doubtless 
to be discovered. 

Other briefer papers dealing with special groups of New Mexican 
plants have been published from time to time, notably one treating 
the genus Androsace,’ one upon the genus Delphinium,’ and several 
describing miscellaneous new species from the State.’ 


1 Wooton, E. O., and Standley, Paul C. The Genus Androsace in New Mexico. 
Bull. Torrey Club 34: 517-520. 1907. 

2 Wooton, E.O. The Larkspurs of New Mexico. Bull. Torrey Club 37:31-41. 
1910. 

® Wooton, E. O. A new Southwestern Rose. Bull. Torrey Club 25:152-154. 
pl. 335. 1898. 

Wooton, E. O. New Plants from New Mexico. Bull. Torrey Club 25: 257-264, 
804-310, 451-459. 1898. 

Wooton, BE. O., and Standley, Paul C. Some Hitherto Undescribed Plants 
from New Mexico. Bull. Torrey Club 86: 105-112. 1909. 

Wooton, E. O., and Standley, Paul C. A new Lathyrus from New Mexico. 
Muhlenbergia 5: 87, 1909. 

Standley, Paul C. More Southwestern Castillejas. Muhlenbergia 5: 81-87. 


1909. 
109 


110 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, ° 


During the winter of 1910-11 both writers gave most of their time 
to the completion of the report upon the flora of New Mexico, the 
work being carried on at the National Herbarium. Here are found 
nearly all the larger collections made in the State from the earliest 
times, the only important exceptions being those of the James, Wis- 
lizenus, and Emory expeditions. The National Herbarium includes 
the larger sets of Fendler, Wright, Bigelow, Newberry, Heller, Earle, 
Skehan, and Metcalfe, besides many smaller ones, prominent among 
the last being one by Dr. E. A. Mearns and another of several hun. 
dred numbers gathered by members of the Biological Survey in con- 
nection with their field work in the State. More important than 
these collections, at least for the purposes of determining distribu- 
tion, are those secured by the writers themselves, embracing several 
thousands of specimens from almost every part of the State. During 
the summer of 1911, besides, a careful examination was made of all 
the New Mexican material in the herbarium of the Agricultural 
College, resulting in the addition of many other species to our lists. 
The latter herbarium contains all the more recent sets of New Mexi- 
can plants, besides specimens of nearly all collections made by the 
writers. In addition, there are hundreds of smaller collections to be 
found nowhere else, not having been made in duplicate. Such are 
those of Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, Dr. C. L. Herrick, Mrs. W. T. 
Bartlett, Miss Charlotte Ellis, Messrs. Maltby and Coghill, and many 
others who have forwarded their specimens to the Agricultural Col- 
lege for identification. 

As a result of our study of this rather ample material we have com- 
piled a list of the plants of the State, which shows that the flora of 
New Mexico will compare favorably in number of species with that 
of any of the Western States. It is to be remembered that the plant 
life of the State is still imperfectly known, except in certain limited 
localities. Even in those areas which have been fully investigated 
unknown plants are often turning up; and there are extensive ranges 
of mountains and hills, as well as stretches of plains, where little or no 
collecting has been done. For example, the Jemez Range, one of the 
largest in the State, has never been visited by a botanist. Fewer 
things of interest are to be expected there, however, than in some of 
the regions near the boundaries, particularly on the eastern and 
southern sides. One of the writers in the summer of 1911 collected 
in the northwestern corner of New Mexico and found more than a 
hundred species that had not been known previously from the State. 
Equally productive would be collections made along the southern 
edge of New Mexico, especially in the Guagalupe and San Luis Moun- 
tains and about the south end of the Sacramentos. Along the western 
border there may be expected many Arizona species which have not 
yet been collected in New Mexico. When it is realized that the area 


* 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 111 


of New Mexico is above one hundred and twenty thousand square 
miles, which is considerably more than the combined areas of New 
York and the New England States, and that the number of those 
who have collected extensively in the region is less than a dozen, it is 
clear that there remains a fertile field for exploration by those inter- 
ested in taxonomic botany. When new plants are stil] being found 
in New England, where for the past century or more hundreds of 
botanists and botanical collectors have been at work, it is evident 
that it will be many years before any botanist working in almost any 
part of New Mexico will fail to find plants that have not before been 
reported from the State. 

There has been published but a single flora covering any consider- 
able part of the great southwestern region, Coulter’s Botany of 
Western Texas, although Doctor Gray published several more or less 
extended papers dealing with various collections from New Mexico. 
The latter, however, were reports upon the collections of the earliest 
botanical explorers, who passed through the country hurriedly and 
were unable to visit the most interesting collecting grounds. Certain 
groups of southwestern plants have been treated in monographs, but 
the material from New Mexico examined by students heretofore has 
been scant and often imperfect. Hence, as might be expected, an 
attempt to write a complete flora of New Mexico in the light of 
abundant material has found the taxonomy of our plants in an alinost 
chaotic condition. This is particularly true of those groups which 
have not been monographed recently. The number of plants here 
described as new is thus rather large. The diagnoses published in 
the present paper, however, include practically all undescribed species 
found by us while working upon the flora of the State. 

The manuscript for the proposed New Mexican flora is nearly com- 
pleted and, it is expected, will be published shortly. It is deemed 
advisable for several reasons to issue the descriptions of the new spe- 
cies in advance of the complete work. A state flora in its usual form 
is bulky enough with the material that it must contain without being 
burdened with pages of descriptions of new plants. Moreover, the 
amateur in botanical work, for whose use a flora is chiefly intended, 
is likely, unless all the species are described therein, to have his atten- 
tion attracted especially to those plants of which he finds descriptions 
and to strive unduly to associate his specimens with those species. 
The insertion of occasional diagnoses destroys the uniformity of a 
work also and seems to us in every way undesirable. 

The descriptions published here are arranged by families in their 
natural order, the genera and species in most cases being in alpha- 
betical sequence. Most of the species discussed are from the southern 
part of the State, where less botanical work has been done than else- 
where. Not a few, however, are from the northern part. The latter 


112 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


might have been expected in Doctor Rydberg’s Flora of Colorado, 
and their omission may have resulted from their being overlooked 
within that State; or they may be plants which do not range so far 
north. While the flora of those mountains which are the southern 
extension of the Sangre de Cristo Range, and form the great mass of 
peaks lying between Santa Fe and Las Vegas, is similar to that of 
the mountains of southern Colorado, there are found in their canyons 
and on their slopes more than a few well-known plants which appar- 
ently do not occur in Colorado. 

The types of the following new species are all in the National 
Herbarium. With a few exceptions, which are plainly indicated, 
all are from New Mexico. In nearly every case we have had access 
to an abundance of material, consisting either of several collections 
from adjacent or distant localities or of additional individuals of the 
type collection. In every instance in which the material was scanty 
the plant was one so strongly marked that its specific distinctness 
could not be questioned. 

Nearly all the new species, as well as new names, are published 
jointly by the two authors. Exceptions are clearly indicated. We 
have included descriptions of several plants determined as new spe- 
cles by Dr. E. L. Greene, but never described. These are principally 
from the collections made by Mr. O. B. Metcalfe. Many other plants 
of Mr. Metcalfe’s collections, distributed under new names, we have 
associated with published species. The present paper includes also 
descriptions of several new species detected by Prof. J. J. Thornber, 
of the University of Arizona, in connection with his work upon the 
flora of that State. 


DESCRIPTIONS AND NEW NAMES. 
POACEAE. 


Aristida pansa Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Erect, cespitose perennial, 25 to 40 em. high, forming tufts 10 cm. or more in 
diameter; culms simple, rigid, though slender, minutely puberulent, glabrous 
in age, somewhat striate; leaves mostly basal, narrowly linear, involute, 
striate, puberulent throughout, more or less curled; sheaths of the basal leaves 
overlapping, 1 to 2 cm. exposed, those of the culms 4 to 5 cm. long, closely in- 
vesting the culms; ligule a tuft of very fine, white hairs encircling the sheath 
both inside and out; blades 5 to 15 cm. long, those of the upper culms shortest; 
panicle at first strict, 10 to 20 cm. long, bearing many more or less crowded 
spikelets, at last spreading, the branches rigidly ascending, mostly in pairs; 
rachille slender, almost capillary, bearing several crowded small spikelets; 
glumes slightly unequal, the first shorter, glabrous, narrowly lanceolate, acumi- 
nate, 1-nerved, the nerve sometimes slightly produced, purple when young, yel- 
lowish in age, the second glume about the length of the lemma; this 8 to 10 
mm. long, attenuate upwards, slightly twisted at maturity, scabrous above, 
callous and bearing a tuft of white hairs; awns short, 10 to 20 mm. long, at 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 1138 


first merely spreading, in age twisted at the base and bent at right angles to 
the glume. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 690259, collected on Tortugas 
Mountain, Dona Ana County, October 6, 1904, by E. O. Wooton. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tortugas Mountain, October 22, 1892, 
Wooton 1087. 

Lloyd’s 195, from foothills near Hacienda de Cedros, Mazapil, Zacatecas, 
Mexico, collected in 1908, is probably the same species. " 

In the type locality the species is associated with several others of the genus. 
It somewhat resembles A. vaseyi, with which it is found, but may be recognized 
by the spreading panicle with its numerous spikelets and by the widely diverg- 
ent awns. 


Aristida vaseyi Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Aristida reverchoni augusta [angusta] Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 46. 
1892. 

TYPE LOCALITY: “ Comanche Peak,” Texas. 

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Socorro, 1895, Plank 56; mountains west of San An- 
tonio, 1908, Wooton 8860; Tortugas Mountain, October 6, 1904, Wooton; Pena 
Blanca, October 21, 1906, Wooton & Standley; Mangas Springs, September 2, 
1897, Metcalfe; Alamogordo, 1908, Hitchcock 2542. 

Our New Mexican material exactly matches the type (Reverchon’s plant), 
and some of it has been referred to A. reverchoni by various students of the 
genus. It is probably a distinct species. There seems to be a typographical 
error in the original publication, the name being printed augusta, not angusta, 
as Doctor Vasey doubtless intended. 

In order to avoid the use of a name about which there is some uncertainty, 
and at the same time to give the plant the specific rank it certainly deserves, 
we dedicate it to Dr. George Vasey, who was for years a careful student of the 
grasses of the southwestern region and first recognized this plant as distinct. 

This may prove to be A. fasciculata Torr., described from material collected 
by Doctor James in the “forests of the Canadian,” a locality somewhere in 
northeastern New Mexico. We have been unable to compare our material with 
the type of that species or with authentic specimens, 


CONVALLARIACEAE. 


Salomonia cobrensis Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Rootstocks slender; stems slender, somewhaj flexuous, 20 to 40 cm. high, 
glabrous; leaf blades elliptic, 50 to 95 mm. long, 10 to 82 mm. wide, acute, nar- 
rowed at the base into a broad petiole 3 or 4 mm. long, glabrous, slightly paler 
beneath, very faintly nerved, none of the nerves prominent except the midrib; 
peduncles strongly and sharply deflexed, 10 to 15 mm. long, each dividing into 
2 or 3 slightly shorter pedicels, these stout and strongly flattened laterally, 
glabrous; perianth 12 to 19 mm. long, tubular, somewhat expanded toward the 
mouth, the lobes oblong, obtuse, twice as long as the tube; anthers 6 mm. long, 
acute, slightly exceeding the almost filiform, slightly roughened filaments; no 
mature fruit seen, but that present about 6 mm. in diameter. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 36170, collected in June at the 
Copper Mines (Santa Rita) by Dr. J. M. Bigelow (Mexican Boundary Survey 
no. 1478). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Copper Mines, 1851, Wright 1917; near 
Kingston, 1904, Metcalfe 1036. 


114 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Our plant is related to S. biflora and 8. commutata. From the former it 
differs in its narrower and glabrous leaves, strongly deflexed peduncles, and 
larger flowers; it agrees with it, on the other hand, in the form of the stamens. 
From 8. commutata it differs in the form of the stamens, the strongly de- 
flexed peduncles, and the narrower and less prominently nerved leaves. 


ALLIACEAE. 


Allium deserticola (Jones) Wooton & Standley. 

Allium reticulatum deserticola Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 10: 30. 1902. 

Allium reticulatum as applied to plants of southern New Mexico in various 

reports by Watson, not Fraser. 

This is the largest flowered wild onion we have in the State. The flowers are 
pale pinkish to white with a darker midrib, fading to a dry papery envelope in 
fruit. The plant is found with us in the foothills of the hotter and drier moun- 
tains. It is said to extend into eastern Utah and southern Colorado. We have 
it from the mountains of the northwestern corner of the State and from the 
Organ Range. 


Allium rhizomatum Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Plants about 20 em. high, arising from small, single, scaly-coated, ovate bulbs 
about 1 cm. in diameter, the outer coats grayish and opaque, the inner white 
and hyaline, having a few indistinct longitudinal nerves but not reticulate, the 
bulbs arising from slender, scaly rhizomes 2 or 8 em. long; leaves 2 or 3, gen- 
erally longer than the scape, flat, 2 to 3 mm. wide, much broader and clasping 
at the base, very finely serrulate; scape terete; spathe 2-valved, the valves 
scarious, broadly ovate, acute, at first pinkish-veined, becoming reflexed and 
white; umbels erect, few-flowered ; pedicels (in young umbels) 1 em. long or less; 
flowers small for the genus; perianth segments oblong to oblanceolate, acute, 
6 to 8 mm. long, pale with purplish or pinkish midvein, slightly carinate at the 
base; stamens about equaling the perianth, included, the filaments dilated at 
the base and coalescent; stigma simple; ovary slightly crested; fruit not seen. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 690251, collected at the Gila Hot 
Springs, August 20, 1900, by E. O. Wooton. Transition Zone. 

We hesitate to name another Allium, but our material is like nothing else we 
have been able to discover, being the only species with long and slender 
rhizomes except A. glundulosum Link & Otto, which was named from central 
Mexico. All material of that species which we have seen comes from the central 
States of Mexico, not far from Mexico City, a thousand miles or more from the 
habitat of our plant, and the two are very conspicuously different. 


DRACAENACEAE. 


Yucca baileyi Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Acaulescent; plants solitary; leaves very numerous, rigid, short, 25 to 30 em. 
long, 4 or 5 mm. wide or even narrower, smooth, glabrous, yellowish green, 
thick, convex on both sides near the base, toward the apex flat or shallowly 
concave on the upper surface, often triangular in cross section, armed with a 
short, stout tip, the edges of the young leaves with faint white margins, 
abundantly filiferous, the filaments soft and very slender; inflorescence a simple 
raceme 50 to 80 cm. long, stout, glabrous; lower bracts subtending the flowers 
elongated, 10 cm. long, scarious and white or purple at the base, with flat, 
green tips 4 to 8 em. long; upper bracts broad, all or nearly all with green 
herbaceous tips; pedicels stout, 2 to 3 cm. long, erect in flower and in fruit; 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 115 


perianth segments pure creamy white, not greenish, 60 to 65 mm. long, broadly 
lanceolate or lance-elliptic, acute; style narrowly oblong, about 1 cm. long, 
white; filaments slender, papillose; fruit oblong, dehiscent, 5 cm. long, 2.5 cm. 
thick, rough, costate on the back, erect, short-beaked; seeds dull black, semi- 
orbicular, somewhat oblique, rounded on the angles, 10 to 12 mm. long, 8 or 
9 mm broad, smooth. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 686602, collected on a dry slope 
in pine woods in the Tunitcha Mountains, August 8, 1911, by Paul C. Standley 
(no. 7638). The description of the fruit is drawn from specimens collected in 
a canyon of the Carrizo Mountains, July 30, 1911, Standley 7448. The plant is 
named for Mr. Vernon Bailey of the Biological Survey, who first collected it in 
the Chusca Mountains at an elevation of about 2,700 meters. 

This was at first believed to be Y. angustissima Engelm., but when complete 
material was collected in the summer of 1911 it was seen to differ essentially from 
that species. Yucca angustissima has much smaller flowers, strongly constricted 
capsules, a branched inflorescence, and much smaller seeds of a different shape, 
and lacks the foliaceous bracts of the inflorescence. Yucca baileyi reaches a 
higher elevation than any other of our species of the genus, being the only one 
that extends into the Transition Zone. It reaches much farther up into the 
mountains than Y. baecata. So far as we know the species is confined to the 
chain of mountains including the Chuscas at one end and the Carrizos at the 
other. It is not improbable, however, that it may be found in some of the not 
far distant ranges of Arizona and Utah. 


Yucca neomexicana Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Acaulescent from a thick root, propagating by means of numerous radiat- 
ing rootstocks, the young plants at the ends of these forming a more or less reg- 
ular circle about the old plant; leaves short, 25 to 30 cm. long, 8 to 10 mm. wide, 
constricted near the base and there only about 5 mm. wide, acute and tipped 
with a slender, straw-colored, very sharp point, glabrous, rather thin, smooth, 
yellowish, the margins white, cartilaginous, abundantly filiferous below the 
middle with coarse, white, straight but finally curled filaments; inflorescence a 
simple raceme, 60 to 90 cm. high, stout, glabrous, bearing at the base 1 or 2 
short, reduced leaves. above furnished with numerous narrowly triangular, 
scarious, white to purple bracts; pedicels stout, 12 to 20 mm. long, recurved. 
in flower; perianth nearly white, 4 cm. long, the segments elliptic-oblong or 
oblong, obtuse or acutish; style short, greenish, 5 to 7 mm. long, swollen at 
the base; filaments densely papillose; fruit not seen. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 685238, collected on a voleanic 
hill about half a mile vorth of Des Moines, Union County, June 20, 1911, by 
Paul C. Standley (no. 6208). Altitude about 2150 meters. Additional ma- 
terial is mounted on sheets 685259 and 685240. The description is drawn 
chiefly from material*preserved in formalin. Young plants are growing in the 
greenhouse at Washington. 

The plant was very abundant in this one locality, growing al! over the top 
of a low hill, in loose, rocky soil. It was not observed elsewhere. Yucca 
glauca was common on the sides of the hill but the two were readily dis- 
tinguished at a glance. The principal difference between the two is in the 
leaves, but this is so striking that the species can scarcely be confused. 


AMARYLLIDACEAE. 


Agave neomexicana Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. PLATE 48. 
Leaves numerous, crowded together and forming a compact, almost globose 
rosette 45 to 60 cm. in diameter when mature; leaves 10 to 30 cm. long, oblong 


116 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


to ovate-lanceolate, bluish green, glaucous, tipped with a very sharp spine, this 
brownish black when young, grayish in age, decurrent into a horny, toothed 
margin bearing 3 or 4 brown or gray, retrorsely hooked teeth on the upper 
half of the leaf, the lower part armed with fewer and smaller spines, the 
leaves thick and very rigid; panicle 3 to 5 meters high, with 10 to 15 divergent 
lateral branches bearing subumbellate clusters of flowers; fresh flowers dull 
brownish red outside, deep yellow to orange within, 5 to 6 em. long including 
the exserted style and stamens; filaments attached by an expanded base to 
the base of the perianth segments in a saceate depression, 2 cm. long, yellow; 
anthers versatile, 15 mm. long; style slightly exceeding the stamens; fruit 
an oblong-elliptic, light brown capsule, 25 to 35 mm. long and about 20 mm. in 
diameter. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 498333, collected in the Organ 
Mountains, in June, 1906, by Paul C. Standley (no. 541). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ‘Tortugas Mountain, 1911, Standley 6481; 
San Andreas Mountains, December 10, 1902, J. H. Gaut. 

This is a part of Agave applanata Mulford, but seems to be very distinct from 
Agave applanata Lem. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 48.—From a field photograph by K. OQ. Wooton. 


ORCHIDACEAE. 


Achroanthes porphyrea (Ridley) Wooton & Standley. 
Microstylis purpurea 8. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 18: 195. 1888, not Lindl. 
Microstylis porphyrea Ridley, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 24: 320, 1888. 
Achroanthes purpurea Greene, Pittonia 2: 184, 1891. 


FAGACEAE. 


Quercus confusa Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A moderately large, spreading tree, 5 to 7 meters high, with short trunk, 
grayish, checked bark, and dull greenish gray, pubescent, stout twigs; leaves 
oblong, 6 to 8 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, bluish green, glabrous above, almost 
velvety beneath with yellowish stellate hairs, acute, sinuate-dentate with about 
4 coarse, mucronate, lobe-like teeth on each side, only slightly crispate; petioles 
1 cm. long or less; buds on new growth small, 2 to 3 mm. long, ovoid, with dark 
brown scales; acorn 20 to 23 mm. long, barrel-shaped, obtuse; cup hemispheric, 
15 to 18 mm. in diameter, covering the lower third of the acorn; scales much 
thickened on the back. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 691250, collected on Ruidoso 
Creek 5 miles east of Ruidoso Post-office, August 5, 1901, by E. O. Wooton. 
Altitude about 1650 meters. 

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED; Gilmores Ranch on Eagle Creek, alt, 2220 
meters, July 25, 1901, Wooton. 

This species is most nearly related to Q. fendleri, from which it differs in 
being a tree and in having still larger leaves (persistent?) and a larger acorn. 
It occurs at a lower level than is common for Q. fendleri, being at home in the 
Upper Sonoran instead of the Transition Zone, although the latter sometimes 
comes into the Upper Sonoran. 


Quercus media Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 
Low shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, with gray, smooth bark on the older stems, 
the young branches brown, sparingly pubescent; buds about 3 mm. long, with 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 48. 


AGAVE NEOMEXICANA WOOTON & STANDLEY, IN THE ORGAN MOUNTAINS. 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 117 


rich reddish brown, glabrous scales; leaves green (not bluish green) and 
glabrate above, paler beneath and velvety-pubescent with yellowish, stellate 
hairs, oblong, elliptic, or obovate in outline, acute or obtuse, sinuate-dentate 
with 2 to 4 coarse, lobe-like teeth on each side, 4 to 7 em. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide; 
petioles 1 cm. long or less; teeth mostly mucronate, not spinulose; acorns small, 
10 to 18 mm. long, ellipsoidal, acute, the cup hemispheric, 10 to 12 mm. in 
diameter, the reddish brown scales little or not at all thickened at the base. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 690255, collected at Glorieta, 
August 24, 1910, by EK. O. Wooton. Transition Zone. 

Another specimen of what seems to be the same is from Oak Canyon near 
Folsom, collected in 1903 by A. H. Howell (no. 178), in leaf only. 

There would seem to be enough species of Rocky Mountain oaks already 
described, especially of the type of Q. undulata, which is at best of doubtful 
standing. Assuming that Q. undulata is a species with bluish green, persistent 
leaves, the species here described resembles it in nearly all particulars except 
that its leaves are bright chlorophyll green and probably deciduous. This 
would make it intermediate between the two groups of the region—the blue 
green leaved species, which it resembles in habit and shape of leaf, and the 
green-leaved species, which it resembles in color and texture of leaves and 
time of dropping its leaves. It might be a hybrid, but the plant was very 
common about Glorieta, forming numerous clumps of bushes a rod or so in 
diameter, and Mr. Howell’s plant is almost a perfect match from a similar 
region farther east. 


ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. 


Aristolochia watsoni Wooton & Standley. 

Aristolochia brevipes acuminata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 148. 1883, 
not A. acuminata Tam. 

A not uncommon species of southern Arizona and northern Mexico, which 
barely reaches the southwestern corner of New Mexico. 


POLYGONACEAE. 


Eriogonum ainsliei Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial, 15 to 25 em. high, from a stout, woody root; stems somewhat cespi- 
tose, well developed, slender, decumbent at the base and leafy, arachnoid- 
pubescent; leaves elliptic or linear-oblong, 3 to 4 em. long, acutish, glabrate 
above, tomentose beneath, extending about half way up the stem, all on petioles 
one-third to one-half the length of the blades, attenuate at the base; inflor- 
escence corymbose, the primary branches subtended by linear-subulate bracts 
3 to 5 mm. long, the other branches furnished with smaller bracts; involucres 
short-pedunculate, 3 mm. long, 5-angled, viscid-tomentulose; perianths white 
tinged with purplish pink, glabrous, the segments obovate; fruit glabrous. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 592284, collected at Cimarron, 
September 20, 1909, by Mr. C. N. Ainslie of the Bureau of Entomology. Addi- 
tional material of the same collection is mounted on two other sheets. 

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED: Cimarron, September 10, 1909, Ainslie; 
Raton Mountains, 1903, Griffiths 5097; Colfax, August 13, 1910, Wooton. 

From the most closely related species, H. nudicaule and EH. tristichum, this 
plant may be distinguished by its pubescent inflorescence and by the acute lobes 
of the involucre, 


118 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Eriogonum gypsophilum Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. PLATE 49, 

Perennial from a thick, woody, cespitose base, the short branches covered 
with the villous, scale-like bases of old leaves; leaves all basal, thickly clus- 
tered, broadly ovate to rotund or reniform, entire, abruptly mucronate, the 
blades 1 to 2 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, yellowish green, thick and succulent, 
glabrous except for a few hairs on the veins beneath and sometimes on the 
margins; petioles 2 to 3 cm. long, slender, villous, especially at the base; inflo- 
rescence a trichotomous cyme 10 to 15 em. high; bracts small, not leaf-like, the 
lowest sparingly villous, the upper glabrous; involucres broadly campanulate, 
4 or 5-toothed, glabrous, with 6 flowers; pedicels slender, articulated at the base 
of the perianth, 1 mm. long or less; perianth broadly companulate, becoming 
urceolate, the segments ovate, acute or obtuse, the midrib greenish, otherwise 
bright yellow, sparingly white-pubescent on the middle or glabrous. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no 564576, collected on a hill south- 
west of Lakewood, growing in pure gypsum, August 6, 1909, by E. O. Wooton. 
The hill is capped by 50 to 100 feet of limestone, the gypsum appearing in 
several layers in the lower two-thirds. Our plant did not grow on the lime- 
stone soil but was restricted to the outcroppings of the gypsum strata. 

The species belongs to the section Corymbosa as used by Doctor Rydberg, but 
is not at all closely related to any of our western species. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 49.—Part of the type specimen. Natural size. 


Eriogonum leptophyllum (Torr.) Wooton & Standley. 

Eriogonum effusum leptophyllum- Torr. in Sitgreaves, Rep. Zuni & Colo. 168, 
1854. 

The plant is similar to H. effusum, with which it was at first associated, but 
differs in its linear and revolute instead of oblong and flat leaves, and in the 
low, sparingly branched inflorescence not more than 5 cm. high. In #. effusum 
the inflorescence is densely branched and often 15 to 20 cm. dong. 


Eriogonum leucophyllum Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from a thick, woody root, cespitose; leaves all basal, elliptic, 
13 to 20 mm. long, about 7 mm. wide, narrowed at the base into a broad petiole 
7 to 11 mm. long, densely tomentose beneath, sericeous on the upper surface, 
white in general appearance; stems scapiform, simple below, about 30 em. high, 
slender, tomentose below, tomentulose about the inflorescence, loosely corymbose 
above, the corymb being 10 to 15 ecm. high, its slender branches ascending; 
involucres in the forks of the branches on slender peduncles 20 to 35 mm. long, 
the others on peduncles 7 mm. long or more, broadly campanulate, 2 mm. 
high, with triangular teeth almost equaling the tube, finely sericeous; perianth 
yellow, densely silvery-pubescent, some of the flowers reflexed in age; ovary 
densely pubescent. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 564577, collected at Lakewood 
August 6, 1909, by E. O. Wooton. 

While related to H, lachnogynum, our plant is evidently distinct in its 
broader, more densely pubescent leaves, taller stems, openly branched in- 
florescence, and much smaller and more numerous involucres. . 


Eriogonum pannosum Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from a thick, woody caudex covered with the persistent bases of 
the dead leaves; stems numerous, stout, 20 to 45 cm. high, corymbosely 
branched above, densely white silky pubescent; leaves mostly basal, those of 
the stem few, scattered, reduced, the basal ones oblanceolate or spatulate, 
obtuse, abruptly short-acuminate, narrowed at the base into a long, margined 
petiole, 40 to 65 mm. long, densely and finely tomentose beneath, sericeous 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 49. 


ERIOGONUM GYPSOPHILUM WOOTON & STANDLEY. 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 119 


above with a white pubescence, this often denser along the veins so as to 
produce the appearance of longitudinal silvery lines; involucres 2 or 3 mm. 
long, campanulate, sericeous, the teeth low, triangular, acute, all on stout 
pedicels 5 to 10 mm. long; perianth 2 mm, long, yellow, conspicuously sericeous, 
the segments oblong, on slender, glabrous pedicels reflexed at maturity ; achenes 
glabrous, 3 mm. long, spherical and turgid at the base, narrowly winged above 
the middle. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no, 45775, collected in the Organ 
Mountains, August, 1881, by G. R. Vasey. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Organ Mountains, June 25, 1894, Wooton. 

Our proposed species is nearest HL. hieracifolium. That species differs, how- 
ever, in the loose and longer, coarser pubescence of the leaves and stem, greater 
size, larger and narrower, more acute leaves, larger involucres 3 to 5 mm. 
long, and the larger perianths. 


CHENOPODIACEAE. 


Atriplex flagellaris Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial; stems trailing, slender, 30 to 40 cm. long, weakly ascending at the 
tips; cortex at first densely white-scurfy, becoming glabrous, shining, shreddy 
near the base of the stems; leaves numerous, small, 1 to 3 cm. long, scarcely 
half as broad, oblong to narrowly obovate, tapering into a short petiole, glabrate 
above, white-scurfy beneath, obtuse or acute, the margins entire or with a few 
coarse teeth on each side; flowers few, axillary; pistillate flowers 2 to 5 in the 
axil, usually only one producing fruit; staminate flowers in small, spherical 
heads 2 mm. in diameter in the same axils; fruiting bracts cuneate-obovate, 
5 or 6 mm. Jung, united to above the middle, prominently 3 to 5-nerved, not 
appendaged on the back, the upper part of each bract herbaceous with one 
large central tooth and one or two small Iuteral ones on each side; seed 
lenticular. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 562291, collected in the Mesilla 
Valley, June, 1906, by Paul C, Standley (no. 490). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mesilla Valley, July 4, 1906, Wooton; 
Mesilla Valley, May 1, 1907, Wooton & Standley. 

Judging from the description alone and from the character of the fruit, our 
plant is related to A. barclayana D. Dietr., but it differs in having much larger 
fruit with fewer teeth, while the plant is much smaller and slenderer than that 
species of the western coast of Mexico. 

This is a dooryard and wayside weed commonly found in locations preferred 
by A. elegans, with which it was confused for a long time. Herbarium speci- 
mens look somewhat like that species, but the habit of the two is very different, 
as are their fruits. 


Atriplex collina Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Low, densely branched shrub, 25 cm. high or less, forming broad, rounded 
clumps; branches ascending or spreading, ending in sharp, spinose tips, stout, 
loosely but copiously lepidote; leaves very numerous, small, 2 em. long or 
shorter, elliptic-oval to elliptic or nearly lanceolate, thick and fleshy, densely 
lepidote, obtuse or acutish, acute or cuneate at the base, on very short, broad 
petioles; plants diecious, apparently, only the pistillate collected, the fertile 
flowers axillary, sessile; bracts united only at the base, rather thin, very 
broadly ovate or quadrilateral, 8 mm. long or smaller, densely lepidote, broadly 
cuneate at the base, acutish, all or nearly all obtusely dentate on the margins, 
smooth on the backs. 


60541°—18——2 


120 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 686447, collected on dry hills near 
the north end of the Carrizo Mountains, July 31, 1911, by Paul C. Standley (no. 
7481). 

Related to A. confertifolia, but with dentate bracts not rounded at the 
apex, much smaller leaves, and sessile fertile flowers. 


AMARANTHACEAE. 


Gomphrena viridis Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Low, cespitose perennial from a long, woody root; basal leaves bright green, 
obovate to elliptic-oblong. the blades 3 to 7 em. long, obtuse or acutish, gradually 
narrowed at the base ‘into a long, slender petiole, sparingly strigose with fine 
short hairs or nearly glabrous on the upper surface; stems slender, prostrate 
or spreading, tortuous, 3 to 10 cm. long, cinereous-puberulent to thinly sericeous ; 
cauline leaves a single pair, in outline like the basal ones, or broader, often 
orbicular, on slender petioles 5 to 10 mm. long; peduncles terminal, slender, 35 
to 70 mm. long, loosely sericeous but not densely so; heads subglobose, 8 to 20 
mm. high; bracts scarious, white, ovate, acute; calyx lobes ljinear-oblong or 
oblanceolate, obtuse, entire, with a broad green midvein and scarious white 
margins, densely long-hairy. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 660403, collected on Hanover 
Mountain, Grant County, July 31, 1911, by J. M. Holzinger. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 1851-2, Wright 1753: base of San Luis — 
Mountains, up to 1800 meters, September 5, 1893, Mearns 2133. 

The species also occurs in southeastern Arizona. 

Closely related to Gomphrena caespitosa, but with, green, narrower leaves, 
Sparse pubescence, more conspicuously petioled cauline leaves, and promi- 
nently green calyx lobes. 


ALLIONIACEAE. 


Allionia linearifolia filifolia Standley. 
Allionia gracillima filifolia Standley, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 12: 340, 1909. 
An examination of the type of Orybaphus linearifolius S. Wats. shows that 
Allionia graciilima Standley is a synonym of that species. 


Allionia subhispida (Heimerl) Standley. 
Mirabilis linearis subhispida Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: 186. 1901. 
Allionia linearis subhispida Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 342. 1909. 
This was well described by Doctor Heimerl. It may be distinguished from 
A. linearis by its abundant hirsute pubescence present on all parts of the 
branches. It has been collected in New Mexico several times recently. 


PORTULACACEAE. 


Talinum angustissimum (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley. 

Talinum aurantiacun angustissimum A, Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 14. 1852. 

This has long been confused with T. aurantiacum, a larger, stouter, more 
succulent plant with larger, orange-colored flowers. It is difficult to distinguish 
the two by herbarium specimens, but no one can confuse them in the field. 
Both species have been confused with 7. lineare H. B. K., a plant known only 
from central Mexico. 

Talinum longipes Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 


Root slender, very long and tortuous, the crown covered with the persistent 
bases of dead leaves; leaves humerous and crowded, appearing basal, 12 to 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 121 


20 mm. long, terete, acutish, slender; scapes very slender, 10 to 12 cm. high, 
corymbosely branched above; flowers few (3 to 5), all on slender pedicels 
3 to 6 mm. long; bracts lanceolate or triangular, scarious; sepals nearly 
orbicular, 2 mm. long, very thin; petals pinkish, 4 or 5 mm. long; stamens 10; 
capsule nearly spherical, 3.5 mm. high. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 690249, collected on Tortugas Moun- 
tain, August 27, 1894, by E. O. Wooton. Apparently the same is part of 
Wright’s 875 in the National Herbarium. 

Our plant is unlike the related species, such as 7. parviflorum, in the form of 
the sepals and the number of stamens, and in the well-developed pedicels. 


Talinum pulchellum Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Roots stout, dark brown, woody; stems stout and fleshy, 10 cm. high or less, 
simple below, coryimbosely branched above; leaves apparently terete, perhaps 
slightly flattened, 12 to 20 mm. long, 1.5 to 2 mm. in diameter, not narrowed 
at the base, blunt, scattered along the stems; flowers axillary, solitary; pedun- 
cles stout, 2 or 3 mm. long; pedicels slender, 6 to 20 mm. long; sepals elliptic- 
lanceolate, about 7 mm. long, acute, smooth, greenish below, scarious-margined ; 
petals about 15 mm. long, purplish red; stamens about 20. . 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 617671, collected near Queen, 
August 2, 1909, by E. O. Wooton. Altitude about 1,770 meters. 

The proposed species is nearest 7. brevifoliwm, but differs in habit, size of 
flowers, form of sepals, and length of pedicels. The two species form a sec- 
tion very unlike the other members of the genus, 


ALSINACEAE, 


Arenaria mearnsii Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A slender, diffusely branched perennial; stems reclining at the base, minutely 
cinereous-puberulent; leaves linear or linear-elliptic, bright green, numerous, 
glabrous, somewhat pungently pointed, 8 to 12 mm. long, 2 mm. wide or less; 
flowers numerous, on slender, ascending, almost glabrous pedicels 10 to 15 mm. 
long; sepals lanceolate to lance-ovate, attenuate to long, subulate tips, glabrous, 
bright green with scarious margins, 4 to 5 mm. long; petals 1 or 2 mm, longer 
than the sepals; capsules 1 to 2 mm. shorter than the sepals. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 233375, collected in a canyon of the 
San Luis Mountains on the New Mexico-Mexico boundary, September 11, 1893, 
by Dr. E. A. Mearns (no. 2216). 

Our specimens seem not to agree with any described species of the United 
States or Mexico. They are nearest A. sarosa and A. confusa, but differ from 
both in the narrow, glabrous, more or less pungently pointed leaves and 
sparser pubescence. From the former they also differ in the longer pedicels, 
and from A. confusa they are distinguished by the longer sepals and ascending 
pedicels. 

Drymaria pachyphylla Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Annual;,stems slender, prostrate, glabrous, sparingly branched; basal leaves 
spatulate; cauline leaves ovate, obtuse, glabrous, glaucous, thick, 10 mm. long 
or less, 6 to 8 mm. wide, narrowed at the base into a slender petiole one-half 
as long as the blade or more; flowers solitary on the pedicels, clustered in the 
axils, on rather stout, glabrous pedicels 3 or 4 mm. long; sepals oblong, 3 mm. 
long, glaucous, with thin, scarious, white margins; capsule slightly exceeding 
the sepals. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 830629, collected on the dry plains 
south of the White Sands, August 20, 1897, by E. O. Wooton (no. 405). Alti- 


122 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


tude about 1,230 meters. Also gathered by the same collector at the same place, 
August 5, 1899, 

The type collection was distributed as D. holosteoides Benth., a plant of 
Lower California. Our species is cited from western Texas under this name 
in the Synoptical Flora. That species, however, has much narrower, acutish 
leaves, and puberulent pedicels, Another related species is D. crassifolia Benth., 
also of Lower California, but that has much thicker, fleshier leaves, and is a 
very densely branched perennial. 

Besides the New Mexican specimens cited above we have a sheet collected by 
Havard on the Tarlinga River in western Texas. 


FUMARIACEAE. 


Capnoides euchlamydeum Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Annual or biennial with very slender, ascending or decumbent, glabrous 
stems; leaves twice pinnate, glabrous, the ultimate segments cuneate or oblong, 
acute or obtuse, bright green above, glaucous beneath; primary pinne mostly 
divaricate, a pair inserted usually almost at the base of the rachis; flowers in 
slender, few-flowered racemes; bracts 12 to 25 mm. long, broadly oblanceolate, 
4 to 9 mm. wide, acute or acuminate, thin; corolla bright yellow, about 15 mm. 
long; spur horizoutal, thick, half as long as the body; fruit 20 to 30 mm. long, 
rather slender, not very conspicuously torulose, strongly curved, not angled, on 
a stout, deflexed pedicel; seeds black and shining, almost smooth, with very 
obtuse margins. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 690256, collected at Cloudcroft 
in the Sacramento Mountains, August §, 1890, by E. O. Wooton. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: James Canyon, June £6, 1899, Wooton; 
Ruidoso Creek, alt. 1,980 meters, June 29, 1895, Wooton; Cloudcroft, 1912, 
Stearns 348, 

This Capnoides is related to C. aurewm, but may be distinguished by its very 
large bracts and by the presence of pinni at the base of most of the petioles. It 
is, besides, a rather more slender plant, with more dissected and delicate leaves. 


RANUNCULACEAE, 


Clematis neomexicana Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A woody climber, one or two meters high; stems striate, finely pubescent ; 
leaves pinnately 5-foliolate, on petioles 4 to 6 cm. long: leaflets ovate in outline, 
35 to 60 mm. long, 25 to 45 mm. wide, shallowly 3-lobed, the terminal lobe acute 
to obtuse, never long-attenuate, the lobes entire or coarsely crenate with obtuse 
teeth; leaflets bright green, slightly paler beneath, finely and loosely pubescent 
on both surfaces; flowers in a loose, few-flowered panicle, on a peduncle about 
5 cm. long; pedicels about 25 mm. long; sepals oblong-spatulate, obtuse, finely 
pubescent, 12 mm. long, much exceeding the stamens: carpels densely hairy, 
tapering gradually into the plumose tail 15 to 35 mm. long. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 233000, collected in the San Luis 
Mountains, September 5, 1898, by Dr. E. A. Mearns (no. 2136). The collector 
states that it occurs “from the base up to 6000 feet.” 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Luis Mountains, 1898, Mearns 2455; 
Organ Mountains, alt. 2,100 meters, September 23, 1906, Wooton & Standley; 
Organ Mountains, alt. 1,410 meters, 1897, Wooton 150; Organ Mountains, alt. 
1,950 meters, 1897, Wooton; east side Organ Mountains, alt. 1,350 meters, August 
17, 1895, Wooton. 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 128 


The plant is near C. ligusticifolia, but differs in its pubescent leaflets and 
stems, the different form of the leaflets, the shorter tails of the carpels, and the 
shape of the ecarpels. It may be Clematis ligusticifolia californica 8S. Wats., 
but the Californian material seems to be of a different species. 


Myosurus egglestonii Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Plant glabrous; leaves linear or linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, thick and some- 
what fleshy, 8 to 14 mm. long; scapes solitary or numerous, very short, 2 to 5 
mm. long, slender; sepals scarious, linear-oblong, obtuse, 38 mm. long, with a 
slender spur 1 mm. long; petals not seen, apparently wanting; heads of achenes 
elongated-oblong, 8 to 18 mm. long, 2.5 mm. in diameter; achenes small, the 
backs suborbicular, with a low, obtuse border, strongly keeled and with a beak 
from once to twice as long as the diameter of the back, the beak ascending. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 660739, collected on a mesa on the 
road between Tierra Amarilla and Park View, Rio Arriba County, altitude 
2,250 meters, April 18 to May 25, 1911, by W. W. Eggleston (no. 6472). 

Evidently related to M. cupulatus, but readily distinguished by the very 
short fruiting spikes, the short scapes, and the elongated beaks of the achenes. 
In size the plant suggests V/. alopecuroides Greene, of California, but the achenes 
of the two are very dissimilar. 


Viorna filifera (Benth.) Wooton & Standley. 
Clematis filifera Benth. Pl. Hartw. 285. 1848, 


Viorna palmeri (Rose) Wooton & Standley. 
Mlematis palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 118. 1891. 


BRASSICACEAE. 


Arabis angulata Greene, sp. noy. in herb. 

Perennial from a rather thick, woody root; stems simple, clustered, slender, 
erect, 25 to 40 em. high, pubescent below with few branched hairs, glabrous 
above; basal leaves oblanceolate to spatulate, 25 to 85 mm. long, 11 mm. wide or 
less, obtuse, with a few coarse teeth, rather bright green, pubestent with 
branched hairs; cauline leaves rather remote, smaller, oblong-lanceolate to 
almost linear, sessile, auricled, the auricles mostly acute, the lower leaves pubes- 
cent, the upper glabrous, obtuse or acute; racemes elongated, slender; pedicels 
slender, divergent, 12 mm, long or less; sepals purplish, oblong, obtuse, 2.5 mm. 
long, with scarious margins, usually with a few hairs; petals twice as long, 
purple; pods slender, 45 to 60 mm, long, 1 mm, wide, curved upward, glabrous; 
seeds in a single row. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 495141, collected at Mangas 
Springs, April 9, 1908, by O. B. Metcalfe (no, 12). Altitude 1,430 meters. 

A species of the group to which belongs A. fendleri, distinguished especially 
by its very long, slender pods conspicuously curved upward. 

Doctor Greene recognized this as an undescribed species when Mr. Metcalfe’s 
plants were being named, and the plants were dist ributed under the name here 
given to them; a description, however, has not been published until now. 


Arabis porphyrea Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from a long, slender, woody root; stems slender, erect, pubescent 
below with branched hairs, glabrous above, purplish; basal leaves 40 mm, long 
or less, spatulate or oblanceolate, stellate-pubescent, long-petioled ; lower cauline 
leaves petioled, oblanceolate, obtuse, stellate-pubescent, the upper ones linear or 
linear-oblong, acute, glabrous, sessile and auricled, reduced; pedicels divaricate 
or reflexed, 10 or 12 mm. long, slender; sepals oblong, obtuse or acutish, 8 mm. 


124 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


long, with a few branched hairs, purple; petals purple, twice as long as the 
sepals; pods about 85 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, purplish, glabrous, stout, 
straight or curved downward; seeds in 2 rows, winged. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 561991, collected on the dry hills 
near the Cueva on the west side of the Organ Mountains, April 25, 1907, by 
BE. O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Modoc, March 19, 1905, Wooton; Magda- 
lena Mountains, June, 1880, Vasey. 

This somewhat resembles A. angulata, but has much shorter, broader, pur- 
plish pods curved downward instead of upward. 


Dithyraea griffithsii Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Stems erect, stout, branched, densely stellate-pubescent; cauline leaves en- 
tire, narrowly lanceolate, 25 to 40 mm. long, acute, narrowed to the base, 
sessile, finely stellate-pubescent on both surfaces; pedicels about 15 mm. long, 
slender, divergent; flowers numerous, at first congested, becoming more dis- 
tant after anthesis; sepals narrowly oblong, 8 mm. long; petals obovate, 
clawed, the whole petal 6 or 7 mm, long; fruit 10 mm. wide, the segments 5 
mm. high, truncate at the apex, cordate at the base, glabrous, conspicuously 
reticulate-veined, the border not well developed. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 486760, collected by Dr. David 
Griffiths on the Arroyo Ranch, near Roswell, September 1 to 4, 1903 (no. 5687). 
A specimen collected by Mrs. Matilda Coxe Stevenson near Zuni in 1902 (no. 
74) appears to be the same. 

From our other species, D. wislizeni, this may be distinguished at once by 
its glabrous, conspicuously veined fruit. Its cauline leaves, too, are quite 
entire, while in D. wislizeni almost all have a few sinuate teeth, at least near 
the base. 


Draba gilgiana Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A densely cespitose perennial from a very thick, woody root covered at the 
crown with the persistent bases of old leaves: leaves mostly basal, very numer- 
ous, densély clustered, linear-oblanceolate, acutish, 35 mm. long and 3 mm, 
wide or less, tapering gradually into a slender, flat, yellowish petiole; blades 
bright green, glabrous, or with a very few scattered hairs; stems long and 
slender, ascending or reclining, 12 ecm. long or less, glabrous; cauline leaves 
few and remote, linear to oblanceolate, 4 to 10 mm. long, acute; flowers few, 
clustered at the end of the stem, the racemes elongating in fruit; pedicels 
Slender, glabrous, nearly erect, 5 or 6 mm. long; sepals rounded-oblong, 
glabrous, obtuse, 2.5 mm. long; petals bright yellow, about twice as long; fruit 
almost 6 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute, glabrous, ending in a slender style 
slightly more than 1 mm. long. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 561295, collected on Organ Peak 
in the Organ Mountains, September 23, 1906, at an altitude of about 2,550 
meters, by E. O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley. The plant was growing high 
up near the summit of the peak, in the Transition Zone, in rich, deep soil in 
the shade of oak chaparral. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Van Pattens, August 29, 1894, Wooton; 
Organ Mountains, alt. 2040 meters, 1897, Wooton 675; Tortugas Mountain, 
September, 1898, Wooton. 

The specimen from Tortugas Mountain has even narrower leaves than those 
from the Organs. It seems improbable that a plant of the dry Lower Sonoran 
Zone can be the same as one found high up in the moist canyons. Our mate- 
rial from Tortugas Mountain, however, is insufficient for satisfactory deter- 
mination, 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 125 


Our species is nearest D. petrophila Greene, but it is much more slender and 
nearly glabrous, while the cauline leaves are fewer and more reduced; the 
basal leaves, too, are different in outline. 

The plant was marked as a new species in the National Herbarium by Dr. 
E. Gilg, but apparently was never published by him, probably because of the 
scantiness of the material he had examined. 


Draba tonsa Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A low perennial, 6 cm. high or less, densely cespitose from a long, thickened 
root; leaves in a dense cluster at the base of the scape, linear-oblanceolate, 
obtuse, 6 to 18 mm. long, glabrous except for the long-ciliate margins; stems 
scapose, with a few scattered leaves very unlike the basal ones, glabrous; 
cauline leaves oblong to ovate, thick, 5 to 16 mm. long, 2 to 6 mm. wide, obtuse 
or acutish, glabrous, or with a few long hairs on the margins; flowers congested 
at the ends of the simple stems, few, on glabrous pedicels 3 mm. long or less; 
sepals broadly rounded-oblong, obtuse, glabrous, 2.55 mm. long; petals bright 
yellow, about twice as long as the sepals; ovary glabrous, with a long, slender 
style; mature fruit not seen. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 225083, collected on Hermits Peak, 
in the Las Vegas Mountains, in August (year not given), by F, H. Snow. Also 
collected near Beulah, at an altitude of 2,400 meters, by T. D. A. Cockerell. 

Although our specimens have no fruit, we feel safe in describing them as new, 
for they seem amply distinct from D. streptocarpa, the most nearly related spe- 
cies, in their glabrous stems and nearly glabrous leaves, the sepals, too, being 
glabrous, and the cauline leaves broader. 


Cheirinia desertorum Wooton & Standley, sp. noy. 

Stout, herbaceous biennial or short-lived perennial, 30 to 50 cm. high, with 
one or several rigid, more or less angled stems rising from a dense cluster of 
basal leaves, the whole plant cinereous throughout with the appressed, 2-parted 
hairs common in the genus; basal leaves very numerous, 10 to 20 cm. long, 
narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate, tapering into a slender petiole, acute, 
mostly entire, or some with a few coarse teeth, persisting until the plant is 
in fruit; cauline leaves linear, 3 to 5 cm. long, strongly ascending or erect; 
flowers small, 6 to 8 mm. long, pale yellow, the claws of the petals little if at 
all longer than the sepals; pods almost terete, 3 to 7 cm. long, erect or strongly 
ascending, on short, thick, ascending pedicels. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 563775, collected near Hachita, 
June 16, 1906, by E. O. Wooton. 

From the description this would appear to be most closely related to C. parvi- 
flora, and upon using Doctor Rydberg’s key to the genus in the Flora of 
Colorado one would run to that species at once. But our plant is affiliated with 
C. bakeri and C. argillosa in habit and other characters, and is found in dry 
rocky soil. It is easily distinguishable from either of these species by its small 
flowers. It is somewhat anomalous in a genus of plants that lose their basal 
leaves usually before the flowers appear, and especially so in that it inhabits 
perhaps the driest and hottest region from which species of the genus have 
been reported. 


Euklisia valida (Greene) Wooton & Standley. 

Disaccanthus validus Greene, Leaflets 1: 225. 1906. 

Disaccanthus mogollonicus Greene, loc. cit. 

Disaccanthus luteus Greene, loc. cit. 

All these may be Streptanthus carinatus Wright, but that is described as 
having a purple calyx and petals. In our plants they are always yellow. 


126 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


In the type of D. luteus the flowers are of a deeper yellow than in the plant 
of the Rio Grande region. Following his description of D. mogollonicus, Doctor 
Greene says: “All white-flowered material from New Mexico, from Las Cruces 
to the upper Gila, belongs here.” Asa matter of fact, none of our plants have 
white flowers, but in all both the calyx and corolla are a pale, clear yellow. 
This fades on drying, so that the flowers often appear white in old specimens. 


Lesquerella lata Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A cespitose perennial, 10 cm. high or less, from a stout, woody root; stems 
Slender, ascending or prostrate, rather densely lepidote-stellate, with but few, 
rather distant leaves; these spatulate or oblanceolate, obtuse, thick, tapering 
at the base into a Slender petiole, lepidote-stellate on both surfaces, 138 to 30 
mm. long, 4 to 9 mm. wide, the basal leaves longer and on longer petioles; 
racemes 3 to 4 em. long, rather densely many-flowered ; pedicels slender, spread- 
ing, or reflexed in age, 7 mm. long; sepals oblong, 3.5 mm. long; petals 6 or 7 
mm. long, bright yellow; capsules oblong to obovate, thinly lepidote-stellate, 3 
mm. high, short-stipitate, much surpassed by the very slender style, 

Type. in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 563020, collected somewhere in 
the Lincoln National Forest in 1903, by Mr. Fred G. Plummer. Here, too, 
belong young specimens collected by E. O. Wooton on White Mountain Peak, July 
6, 1895, at an altitude of about 2,880 meters. 

From our other species with pubescent capsules this is easily separated by its 
broad Jeaves, small capsules, and very long styles. 


Lesquerella pinetorum Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from a rather slender root; stems clustered, slender, ascending, 10 
to 20 cm. high, lepidote-stellate but not very densely so, leafy, the leaves not 
crowded ; basal leaves spatulate, obtuse, long-petioled: cauline leaves spatulate 
or oblanceolate, obtuse or acutish, entire or slightly undulate, tapering gradu- 
ally at the base into a winged petiole, the whole leaf 20 to 30 mm. long, 3 to 7 
mm. wide; racemes long, many-flowered, dense ; pedicels about 8 mm. long, erect, 
stout; petals bright yellow, obovate, clawed, 6 or 7 mm. long; sepals oblong, 4 
mm. long, densely lepidote-stellate; capsules nearly spherical, 3.5 mm. long, not 
compressed, glabrous, not stipitate; style slender, slightly longer than the cap- 
sule; seeds about 5 in each capsule. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 561847, collected on a dry hillside 
under pine trees at Gilmores Ranch on Eagle Creek in the White Mountains, 
August 25, 1907, Wooton & Standley (no. 3460). Transition Zone; altitude about 
2220 meters. The plant was also collected at Gilmores Ranch, July 29, 1901, 
by E. O. Wooton, and apparently the same is a specimen from the top of White 
Mountain Peak, collected by E. O. Wooton, August 16, 1897. 

The species is nearest L. fendleri, but is not nearly so densely pubescent—in- 
deed, the plants appear green rather than whitish; the leaves, too, are much 
broader and thinner, and the capsules are smaller. 


Lesquerella praecox Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A dense, cespitose, branched perennial, 4 to 6 cm. high, from a thick, woody 
root ; leaves numerous, much crowded upon the short, stout stems; leaves linear- 
oblanceolate, 25 to 80 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide or less, acutish, thick, white with 
a dense, lepidote-stellate pubescence, attenuate to the base; pedicels few, axillary 
or all arising from the tips of the branches, never racemose, 20 mm. long, erect, 
usually shorter than the leaves; sepals linear, 5 mm. long, sometimes persistent ; 
petals bright yellow, obovate, 7 or 8 mm. long; capsules spherical or nearly so, 
not compressed, slightly channeled along the edge of the septum, glabrous, not 
Stipitate, 5 mm. high, 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 127 


Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 4869, collected in New Mexico in 
1853 by J. M. Bigelow. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Gallinas Mountains, August 27, 1904, 
Wooton; Cabra Springs, 1878, W. B. Pease. 

From L. fendleri, its nearest relative, this plant is at once distinguished by 
its lower, densely cespitose habit and its few pedicels which are surpassed by 
the leaves. The general appearance of the two is very different. 


Lesquerella rectipes Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial or biennial from a rather slender, woody root; stems slender, 
clustered, ascending or spreading, 12 to 18 cm. long, sparsely leafy, lepidote- 
stellate but not densely so; basal leaves narrowly oblanceolate or spatulate, 
obtuse; cauline leaves linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, 18 to 25 mm, long, lepidote- 
stellate on both surfaces; racemes loosely few-flowered, 4 cm. long or less; 
pedicels ascending, stout, 6 or 7 mm. long; sepals 4.5 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, 
only sparingly lepidote; petals pale yellow, 7 mm. long, oblanceolate, obtuse; 
capsules broadly oblong to almost spherical, not compressed, 4.5 mm. long, not 
stipitate, very lightly lepidote-stellate; styles much longer than the capsules. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 4799, collected in New Mexico 
June 6, 1883, by C. C. Marsh (no. 81). The exact locality is not given on the 
label, but it was somewhere in the northwestern part of the State. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Thirteen miles south of Atarque de Garcia, 
July 19, 1906, Wooton; along the banks of the Rio Grande 19 miles west of 
Santa Fe, alt. 1630 meters, May 31, 1897, Heller 3634. 

Our plant has been confused with Z. argentea, but that species has smaller, 
very densely pubescent capsules on strongly recurved pedicels. 


Sophia adenophora Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A coarse, canescent annual, generally with a single erect stem 80 to 120 cm. 
high, branching rather freely above but not at the base; leaves pinnately or 
bipinnately divided into rather coarse, obtuse or acute, oblong-lanceolate seg- 
ments, the upper cauline leaves once pinnate with oblong, abruptly acute seg- 
ments, the lower leaves once or twice pinnate, at least some of the segments 
broader; inflorescence an elongated, terminal raceme, 20 cm. long or more in 
fruit, glandular-pubescent throughout; flowers rather pale yellow; sepals 2 
to 3 mm. long, oblong, obtuse, yellow, glandular; petals oblanceolate, spatulate, 
yellow, slightly longer than the sepals; siliques linear, 12 to 20 mm. long, acute, 
spreading or ascending; seeds crowded as if in one row; pedicels as long as 
the pods or longer, slightly ascending or divergent. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 562504, collected by E. O. Wooton 
July 13, 1900, at the Head and Wilson Ranch south of Mule Creek, in north- 
western Grant County. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rio Frisco, July 25, 1900, Wooton; Tula- 
rosa Creek, Socorro County, July 14, 1906, Wooton; Reserve, July 9, 1906, 
Wooton. 

This species is most closely related to S. obtusa Greene, from which it differs 
in having longer, more divergent pedicels, larger petals, and strongly glandular 
inflorescence. It is fourd in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 


Sophia glabra Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A slender, erect, sparingly branched, canescent annual, 30 to 60 cm. high; 
stems more or less purplish throughout; leaves and stems covered with a thick 
coat of short, branched hairs, not at all glandular; leaves all bipinnately 
divided into small, oblong, obtuse or acute segments 1 to 3 mm. long, some of 
these again lobed; racemes elongated in fruit; flowers small, 1 to 2 mm. long; 


128 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


sepals purplish, stellate-pubescent ; petals yellow, as long as the sepals, narrowly 
oblanceolate or spatulate; fruiting racemes, rachis, pedicels, and siliques perfectly 
glabrous; pedicels about 10 mm, long, divergent or slightly ascending; siliques 
5 or 6 mm. long, oblong, acute at both ends; seeds in two rows. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 564228, collected in the Organ 
Mountains, March 21, 1907, by E. O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley. The speci- 
mens were collected in an arroyo at the foot of the mountains not far from 
Van Pattens Camp. They grew among the rocks and about the edges of cliffs. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Van Pattens, April 25, 1895, Wooton; Fil- 
more Canyon, April 18, 1903, Wooton; Bishops Cap, March 30, 1895, Wooton; 
Bishops Cap, 1908, Wooton 3815. 

The species is most closely related to 8. halictorum, but is distinguished by 
its habit, its strictly glabrous racemes, and the slightly smaller fruit. So far 
as our material shows, it is restricted to the Organ Mountains, where it is the 
common and almost the only Sophia, though it is not nearly as abundant as the 
nearly related species of the adjacent Mesilla Valley. It occurs in the Upper 
Sonoran Zone. 


Thelypodium vernale Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Probably biennial, glabrous, about 40 em. high; stems slender, branched 
throughout, glaucous, purplish near the base, the branches strongly ascending; 
cauline leaves triangular-lanceolate, attenuate, 385 to 50 mm. long, slightly 
glaucous, entire, somewhat undulate, auriculate-clasping at the base, the lobes 
obtuse, 5 to 7 mm. long; pedicels ascending, slender, about 5 mm. long; sepals 
narrowly oblong, obtuse, 2.5 mm. long, green or tinged with purple; petals 
white, slightly tinged with purple, narrowly oblong, tapering gradually toward 
the base, the whole 5 mm. long or less; pods slender, 40 to 60 mm. long, some- 
what divergent, arcuate; septum without a midrib; style truncate, not bilobate. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 690257, collected in the low moun- 
tains west of San Antonio, Socorro County, April 14, 1908, by E. O, Wooton 
(no. 3847). . 

This slightly resembles 7, sagittatum, but the flowers are much smaller, the 
leaves more acute, and the whole plant much smaller and more slender. 


CAPPARIDACEAE. 


Peritoma breviflorum Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Slender annual, 40 to 50 cm. high, simple at the base, above with numerous 
ascending or spreading branches; stems green, glabrous; leaflets 3, elliptic or 
narrowly elliptic-oblanceolate, green, glabrous, abruptly acute; terminal racemes 
very short, 4 to 6 cm. long, slender, villous: bracts small, 3 mm. long or less, 
nearly linear, attenuate; pedicels slender, 4 to 7 mm. long; calyx united at the 
base, persistent, the lobes narrowly triangular, acute, yellowish green: petals 
deep yellow, small, 2.5 to 4 mm. long, oblong-obovate, obtuse, entire, abruptly 
contracted at the base into a very short claw; stamens 6, only slightly exceeding 
the petals; capsules oblong, 15 to 20 mm. long, acutish, glabrous, torulose, on a 
slender stipe 4 mm. long; seeds 6 or fewer, ovoid, 3.5 mm. long, brownish, irreg- 
ularly tuberculate; style very short, about 0.5 mm. long. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 686249, collected on the dry, stony 
hills about Shiprock, July 25, 1911, by Paul C. Standley (no. 7282). Upper 
Sonoran Zone; altitude about 1425 meters. 

The plant is fairly abundant in the region along the low mesas bordering the 
valley of the San Juan River. It is associated with various species of Atriplex 
and other plants characteristic of alkaline situations. It is similar to P. luteum, 
but the flowers are only half as large, the petals relatively broader and with 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 129 


shorter claws, as well as of a deeper color, the inflorescence villous instead of 
glabrous, and the capsules smaller and on much shorter stipes. 


HYDRANGEACEAE. 


Fendlera falcata Thornber, sp. nov. 

An erect shrub, 1.5 to 2 meters tall, with grayish, furrowed bark; twigs of 
one year’s growth glabrous or nearly so, somewhat shining, reddish; leaves 15 
to 40 mm. long, 5 to 7 mm. wide, nearly sessile, tapering at the base and apex, 
lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, more or less falcate, shining above and below, 
glabrous, or sparsely strigose beneath, the margins revolute; sepals, pedicels, and 
hypanthium glabrous or slightly pubescent, glabrate at maturity; sepals lanceo- 
late to ovate-lanceolate, 8 to 10 mm. long, about three-fifths the length of the 
capsule; petals 17 to 22 mm, long, 11 to 18 mm. wide, tapering into a long claw, 
the margins erose; anthers about 4 mm. long; capsules 11 to 16 mm. long, 7 to 
8S mm. in diameter, conical, very gradually tapering upward. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 686760, collected in the Tunitcha 
Mountains on the Navajo Reservation in August, 1911, by Paul C. Standley 
(no. 7806). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CoLorapo—Dolores, alt. 2,200 meters, June 
15, 1902, Crandall; Cerro Summit, alt. 2,420 meters, 1901, Baker 165; Bayfield, 
1907, Cary 174; Mancos, 1898, Baker 393. Aritzona—Carrizo Mountains, 1911, 
Standley 7406; Fort Apache, July 28, 1905, Thornber. New Mexico—Without 
locality, 1869, Palmer; Cedar Hill, alt. 1,900 meters, 1911, Standley 7971. 


Fendlera tomentella Thornber, sp. nov. 

Shrub 1 to 1.5 meters high, with dark gray, furrowed branches, and some- 
what shining, reddish or straw colored, puberulent twigs, the short flowering 
ones with 2 to 5 pairs of leaves; leaves lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 15 to 
80 mm. long, 4 to 7 mm. wide, dull green and hispid or hispidulous above, strongly 
8-nerved beneath and strigose and tomentose, appearing hoary; calyx, hypan- 
thium, and pedicels permanently hirsute, the lanceolate sepals extending to 
beyond the middle of the capsule; flowers not seen; capsules 10 to 12 mm. long, 
6 to 6.5 mm. thick, gradually tapering above. 

Type in the U. S., National Herbarium, no. 497677, collected in the canyon of 
the Blue River near Coopers Ranch, Graham County, Arizona, in 1905, by 
Walter Hough (no. 470). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: New Mexico-——-Mangas Springs, alt. 1,450 
meters, 1903, Metcalfe 89; Hurrah Creek, September 25, 1853; Bigelow ; Embudo, 
alt. 1,760 meters, 1897, Heller 8513; Animas Mountains, alt. 2,000 meters, 1908, 
Goldman 1385. CoLtorapo—lLos Pinos, 1899, Baker 367. Arizona—Santa Cata- 
lina Mountains, alt. 900 meters, August 20, 1903, Jones. 


Fendlerella cymosa Greene, sp. nov. 

A much branched, rather erect, low shrub, 40 to 60 em. high, with scaly root- 
stocks; young stems grayish or nearly white; whole plant more or less strigil- 
lose with nearly colorless hairs, some of those on the lower surfaces of the 
leaves with white, papilliform bases; leaves numerous, nearly sessile, narrowly 
lanceolate to oblanceolate, 10 to 25 mm, long, 1.5 to 5 mm. wide, 3-nerved, acute, 
with ciliate, slightly revolute margins; cymes several to many-flowered, termi- 
nating the leafy branches; hypanthium turbinate, pubescent like the lanceolate 
or oblong-lanceolate sepals, these 4 mm. long; petals white, oblong-elliptic, 3 to 4 
mm. long; filaments of the shorter stamens dilated to near the base, those of 
the longer ones with a well-defined, constricted neck above; capsules narrowly 
elongated. 


130 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. : 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 45788, collected in the Huachuca 
Mountains of southern Arizona, July 7, 1884, by C. G. Pringle. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: TEXAS—Guadalupe Mountains, 1901, Bailey 
699. New Mexico—Canyon on the east side of San Luis Mountains, 1898, 
Mearns 2253; San Luis Mountains, 1892, Mearns 530; Organ Mountains, June 
10, 1906, Standley; Organ Mountains, alt. 2,000 meters, 1897, Wooton 459. 
ARIzONA—Chiricahua Mountains, alt. 1,666 meters, 1907, Blumer 1725; Hua- 
chuca Mountains, September, 1882, Lemmon, 


SAXTIFRAGACEAE, 


Heuchera pulchella Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Acaulescent, with a very thick rootstock; flowering branches scapiform, 
naked, 7 to 10 em. high, minutely glandular; leaf blades cordate, 13 mm. wide 
or less, rather deeply lobed, the teeth broadly ovate, acuminate, bristle-tipped ; 
blades glabrous above, glandular beneath, bright green, ciliate; inflorescence 
secund, dense, most of the flowers solitary but occasionally two together ; hypan- 
thium densely glandular, slightly villous, campanulate, together with the oblong, 
obtuse sepals 4 mm. long; sepals purplish; petals linear-filiform, not surpassing 
the sepals; stamens slightly exceeding the sepals, 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 690250, collected from crevices of 
rocks on the summit of the Sandia Mountains, August 4, 1910, by E. O. Wooton. 
Another sheet in the National Herbarium was collected in New Mexico in 1869 
by Dr. Edward Palmer. 

This is nearest H, nana, but has a larger hypanthium and calyx, a more 
densely glandular hypanthium, a brighter colored calyx, shorter petals, and a 
denser inflorescence; the ciliw of the leaf margins, too, are much shorter and 
fewer. 


ROSACEAE. 


Oreobatus rubicundus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Shrub about 1 meter high, with spreading branches; stems slender, the bark 
soon exfoliating in thin layers; young branches reddish, very finely and closely 
pubescent ; leaves 30 to 40 mm. long and about as wide, round-ovate in outline, 
cordate at the base or truncate, the sinus always broad and open, conspicuously 
3-lobed, the lobes obtuse and often again lobed, crenate-dentate, the teeth ovate, 
usually obtuse and abruptly acuminate, glabrous above or nearly so, sparingly 
pubescent beneath along the veins, thin, bright green, the veins inconspicuous 
and scarcely reticulate; petioles slender, as long as the blades or considerably 
shorter, finely pubescent, reddish; peduncles solitary, short, 5 to 15 mm. long, 
stout, finely pubescent and glandular; sepals at anthesis about 10 mm. long, 
lanceolate, acuminate, in age becoming 15 mm. long and ov ate, with long, linear 
tips, finely pubescent on both surfaces, with numerous reddish glands on the 
outer face; petals white, fugacious, 10 to 15 mm. long, broadly oblong; fruit 
small, with few, small, nearly dry drupelets. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 560937, collected at Van Pattens 
Camp in the Organ Mountains, June 9, 1906, by Paul C. Standley. The shrubs 
are found in the Upper Sonoran Zone on the faces of cliffs and in deep rocky 
canyons. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Organ Mountains, September 17, 1898, May 
15, 1892, Wooton; Van Pattens, August 29, 1894, July 27, 1902, Wooton. 

This plant near O. neomewxicanus, but has smaller leaves, flowers, and fruit, 
and nearly glabrous leaves, and the pubescence of the branches and petioles is 


~ 


hs 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW’ MEXICO. 1381 
fine and appressed instead of loosely spreading. We have seen it only from the 
Qrgan Mountains. 


Rosa adenosepala Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Branches smooth, reddish brown, armed with few, slender, straight spines; 
stipules broad, acute, densely glandular and soft-pubescent; petioles soft- 
pubescent, with numerous stalked glands; leaflets cn short petiolules, obovate, 
obtuse, broadly cuneate at the base, sharply and deeply incised-serrate two- 
thirds of the way to the base or more, dull green, glabrous above or nearly so, 
beneath densely glandular-puberulent, of about the same color on both sur- 
faces; flowers in clusters of 3 to 5 at the ends of the branches, on glandular 
peduncles about 1 em. long; hypanthium glabrous; sepals 15 to 20 mm. long, 
linear-lanceolate, with very long narrow tips scarcely dilated at the apex, 
densely glandular-bristly with red glands 1 or 2 mm. long, villous along the 
margins; petals about 15 mm, long; sepals reflexed after anthesis; fruit not 
seen, 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 306499, collected along the Pecos 
River 8 miles east of Glorieta, San Miguel County, June 9, 1897, by A. A. and 
BE. Gertrude Heller (no. 3674). Altitude 1,950 meters. 

Nearest &. fendleri, perhaps, but readily distinguished by the densely glandu- 
lar-bristly calyx lobes. 


Rosa hypoleuca Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Stems bright reddish brown, more or less glaucous when young, densely 
armed with very slender, straight, short spines; stipules large, narrow, acute, 
with glandular margins; petioles with rather few stalked glands, otherwise 
glabrous; leaflets usually 9, elliptic-oblong or oblong-ovate, obtuse, rounded at 
the base, coarsely but not deeply incised-serrate, glabrous, strongly glaucous 
beneath, dull green above, 13 to 20 mm. long; flowers in clusters at the ends of 
the ascending branches on short, glabrous peduncles; hypanthium glabrous; 
sepals narrowly lanceolate with long, linear tips, about 15 mm. long, glabrous 
below, glandular toward the tips, entire or with a few subulate lobes, tomentu- 
lose along the margins; petals obovate, deeply notched, bright pink, 15 to 20 
min. long; fruit not seen. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 497843, collected near Kingston, 
Sierra County, June 1, 1904, by O. B. Metcalfe (no. 940). Altitude 1,980 
meters. 

This is as closely related to R. fendleri as to any species. It differs, how- 
ever, in the perfectly glabrous leaflets, strongly glaucous beneath, 

Here we have placed Standley’s 4031, collected along Winsor Creek, June 29, 
1908, altitude 2,520 meters. This has larger flowers and leaflets than the type 
but otherwise seems indistinguishable. 


MALACEAE. 


Amelanchier goldmanii Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A shrub 1.5 meters high or less, with spreading branches; bark on the older 
stems grayish, on the younger ones dark reddish brown; bud scales reddish, 
sparingly villous; leaves almost perfectly rotund, on petioles 8 to 15 mm. long, 
30 to 40 mm. in diameter, rounded or cordate at the base, with rounded serrate 
teeth reaching almost to the base; petioles and blades glabrate, probably more 
or less tomentulose when young; flowers not seen; fruit bluish black, spherical, 
7 mm. in diameter, in terminal racemose clusters of several fruits. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 562614, collected by E. A. Goldman 
in Copper Canyon in the Magdalena Mountains, September 3, 1909, at an alti- 
tude of 2,550 meters. 


132 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mogollon-Magdalena Road, in the Mogollon 
Mountains, about 15 miles east of Mogollon, August 8, 1900, Wooton. 


AMYGDALACEAE, 


PADUS. 


Since all but one of our seven species of Padus appear to be new 
it seems desirable to publish a key to them along with the descrip- 
tions. 

KEY TO THE NEW MEXICAN SPECIES. 
Calyx persistent in fruit. 
Young branches densely tawny-pubescent; young fruit 


pubescent ~---------------------_~__----_--- eee P.rufula, 
Young branches and fruit glabrous____~_-~-_------ P, virens. 
Calyx deciduous soon after anthesis. 
Plants glabrous throughout___--_--_--__-____-__--- P, meianocarpa? 


Plants pubescent on the peduncles, petioles, and lower sur- 
face of the leaves. 
Leaves not glaucous beneath at maturity, of about the 
same color on both surfaces___-----.----____ P. punricea, 
Leaves whitish beneath at maturity. 
Pedicels longer than the fruit, slender; seeds 8 to 
10 mm. in diameter___._-----_-__________ P. mescaleria. 
Pedicels shorter than the fruit, stout; seeds 7 mm. 
in diameter or less. 
Pedicels glabrous; racemes slender: leaves 
elliptic, narrowed at the base; buds 
narrowly lanceolate in outline________ P. calophylla, 
Pedicels pubescent; racemes stout; leaves ob- 
long’ to ovate or obovate, rounded to 
subcordate at the base; buds ovoid__ P. valida. 


Padus rufula Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Branches slender, grayish brown, with numerous small, gray lenticels; 
young branches densely soft-pubuescent with reddish brown hairs; petioles 
pubescent, slender, one-fourth as long as the blades or less; leaf blades thin, 
elliptic, acute, 40 or 50 mm. long, acute at the base, finely and very sharply 
serrate, dull green and glabrous above, pale beneath, glabrous except for an 
abundant persistent, tawny tomentum along the midvein; racemes slender, 
many-flowered, pubescent at the base, glabrous above; pedicels stout, 4 mm. 
long or less; flowers not seen; hypanthium and sepals persistent; fruit sessile 
in the hypanthium, globose, 8 to 10 mm. in diameter, pubescent when young, 
glabrate at maturity. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 563898, collected on the West 
Fork of the Rio Gila, August 6, 1900, by E. O. Wooton. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: NEw Mexico—Mogollon Mountains, August, 
1881, Rusby 119. Arizona—Santa Rita Mountains, 1881, C. G. Pringle. 

This is one of the most distinct species of the genus. It is related to P. 
salicifolia of Mexico, but is distinguished at once by the abundant tomentum 
of the leaves, the densely pubescent branchlets, and the pubescent fruit. 


* Padus melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Shafer in Britt. & Shaf. N. Amer. Trees 504. 
1908. 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 183 


Padus virens Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A tree 7 meters high or less, with a smooth, reddish brown trunk and 
slender, slightly drooping branches; young branchlets and racemes glabrous; 
leaves ovate, obovate, or oval, 5 or 6 cm. long, acutish or slightly acuminate, 
truncate or usually rounded at the base, thin, bright green, shining, of about 
the same color on both surfaces, finely crenulate-serrate with appressed teeth; 
petioles slender, glabrous, one-third to one-half as long as the blades; leaves 
glabrate in age, when young with a rather abundant tawny tomentum along 
the midvein, some of this persistent at maturity; flowers in slender, loose 
racemes; pedicels slender, 5 or 6 mm. long; hypanthium glabrous, saucer- 
shaped, 5 mm. broad, the lobes triangular, acute; petals 4 mm. long, obovate; 
fruit black, glabrous, globose, 7 or 8 mm. in diameter, sessile in the hypan- 
thium. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 560917, collected at Van Pattens 
Camp in the Organ Mountains, June 9, 1906, by Paul C. Standley. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Organ Mountains, alt. 1,710 meters, 1897, 
Wooton 123; Van Pattens, May 14, 1895, April 29, 1899, Wooton; Organ Moun- 
tains, 1893, Wooton 1108; Rio Frisco, August 9, 1900, Wooton; Sycamore Creek, 
August 13, 1902, Wooton; Pine Cienaga, July 17, 19900, Wooton; San Fran- 
cisco Mountains, July 27, 1900, Wooton; Alizo near Kellys, July 24, 1900, 
Wooton; Holts Ranch, July 20, 1900, Wooton; near Joseph, July 10, 1906, 
Wooton; Tularosa Creek, August 6, 1901, Wooton; Cloudcroft, July 18, 1899, 
Wooton; Burro Mountains, 7 miles southeast of Leopold, alt. 2,250 meters, 
1908, Goldman 1521; Burro Mountains, 5 miles southeast of Leopold, alt. 1,950 
meters, 1908, Goldman 1510; Florida Mountains, alt. 1,800 meters, 1908, Gold- 
man 1500. 

This has passed as P. capuli, a Mexican species, from which our plant 
differs in its broader leaves with the midvein tomentose instead of glabrous. 
In the Organ Mountains this species occurs in abundance in the opening of the 
canyon in which Van Pattens Camp is located. It is known from only this one 
locality in the range, where it grows along with Quercus grisea and Q. ari- 
zonica. Attempts have been made to use the trees as stocks for grafting va- 
rious fruits but they have been unsuccessful. 

The material from the western part of the State may represent a different 
species. It is usually much smaller, only a tall shrub, and its leaves are 
narrower, thicker, not so bright a green, and on shorter petioles. 


Padus pumicea Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Branches stout, numerous, ascending, dark reddish brown, the younger ones 
finely pubescent; petioles mostly one-fifth as long as the blades, sometimes 
longer, finely pubescent, each bearing two large glands; leaf blades obovate or 
oblong, averaging about 45 mm. long, rounded or truncate at the base, acute 
or acuminate, finely serrulate to the base with incurved teeth, bright green 
and glabrous above, finely pubescent and of the same color beneath, often 
becoming glabrate; flowers not seen; racemes stout, few-fruited, finely pubescent 
near the base, glabrous above; pedicels stout, glabrous, much shorter than the 
fruit; seeds globose, 6 or 7 mm. in diameter. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 563903, collected at the “ Craters,” 
Valencia County, July 28, 1906, by E. O. Wooton. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mountains south of Canjilon, August 17, 
1904, Wooton 2706. 

From al our pubescent species this differs in having the leaves of about the 
same color on both surfaces. The fruits, too, are very few and the pedicels 
remarkably short. The branches are very densely furnished with leaves, so 
that in general appearance this is unlike any of our other chokecherries. 


134 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


The type specimen is without fruit, but one of the same collection in the 
herbarium of E. O. Wooton is well fruited, as is the specimen from Canjilon. 


Padus mescaleria Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Branches slender, grayish brown, the younger ones finely and sparing!y 
pubescent; buds ovoid, small; petioles about one-third as long as the blades, 
finely pubescent, with several glands above the middle; blades oblong to nar- 
rowly obovoid, acute or slightly acuminate, usually rounded at the base, 
glabrous and dark green above, strongly glaucous and finely pubescent be- 
neath, rather thick, sharply and evenly serrate to the base; flowers not seen; 
racemes slender, loosely few-fruited, the rachis glabrous; pedicels slender, 
noticeably longer than the fruit, glabrous, straight; seeds 7 to 9 mm. in 
diameter, scarcely at all flattened. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 690233, collected on Tularosa 
Creek near the Mescalero Agency, August 6, 1901, by E. O. Wooton. 

The most distinctive features of this are the long pedicels, glabrous racemes, 
large seeds, and rather narrow, deep green leaves strongly glaucous beneath. 


Padus calophylla Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Branches stout, dark gray, the younger ones densely and finely pubescent; 
buds lanceolate to narrowly elliptic in outline; petioles slender, reddish, one- 
fourth as long as the blades, very finely pubescent, usually with a pair of 
glands just below the blade; blades elliptic, acute, acutish at the base, 45 to 
60 mm. long, about 30 mm. wide, dull pale green above and glabrous, decidedly 
paler and finely pubescent beneath, especially on the veins, rather thick and 
coriaceous, very finely and inconspicuously serrulate; veins prominent, the 
midvein reddish; flowers not seen; racemes slender, the rachis slender, dark 
reddish purple; pedicels rather slender, shorter than the fruit, often curved, 
glabrous; fruit about 9 mm. in diameter, abundant and persistent, the seed 
flattened, 5 mm. in diameter. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 562677, collected 5 miles west 
of Chloride, October 12, 1909, by E. A. Goldman (no. 1768). 

The foliage is different from that of any other species, the leaves being 
especially handsome because of their thick texture and of their pale green 
coloring, which contrasts with the red of the veins and petioles. The seeds 
are remarkably small; the fruits are densely clustered and persistent, instead 
of scattered and soon falling as in most of the related species. 


Padus valida Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Branches very stout, dark reddish brown, all the younger ones densely but 
very finely pubescent; buds large, ovoid; petioles less than one-fourth as 
long as the blades, stout, densely pubescent; blades obovate, oval, or oblong, 
usually 50 to 70 mm. long, rounded or subcordate at the base, acute or more 
often abruptly acuminate, thick, dull green and glabrous above, glaucescent 
and pubescent beneath, inconspicuously serrulate with sharp, nearly subulate, 
inflexed teeth; racemes very numerous, stout, densely pubescent, often re- 
eurved, bearing only a few fruits; pedicels stout, pubescent, much shorter than 
the fruit; flowers not seen; fruit 10 or 12 mm. in diameter; seeds flattened, 
about 7 mm. in diameter. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 498048, collected in canyons near 
Kingston, Sierra County, August 24, 1904, by O. B. Metcalfe (no. 1248). 
Altitude 1980 meters. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Copper Canyon, alt. 2700 meters, Septem- 
ber 8, 1909, Goldman 1675; Copper Canyon, alt. 2250 meters, September 3, 
1909, Goldman 1676; Hop Canyon, May 13, 1895, Herrick 535. 

A most striking species, characterized by its stout branches and racemes, 
large fruits, and densely pubescent pedicels and racemes. 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 135 


MIMOSACEAE. 


Morongia occidentalis Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Stems prostrate, stout, striate, densely and finely puberulent, armed with 
very few, distant, recurved prickles; leaves bipinnate, with 5 or 6 pairs of 
pinne; petioles slender, about 4 cm. long, striate, finely puberulent, armed 
with few stout prickles; leaflets oblong, about 4 mm. long, acute or acutish, 
thick, smooth, not nerved, glabrous or nearly so; flowers pink, in dense heads; 
calyx glabrous or nearly so, the thin lobes ovate, acute; peduncles 2 to 6 cm. 
long, puberulent, with few weak prickles or none; pods slender, 7 to 9 cm. 
long, 2 or 3 mm. wide, flattened, armed on the sides with long, slender, sparingly 
puberulent prickles, usually naked on the margins or with prickles of the same 
kind as on the sides, narrowed at the base, bearing at the apex a stout beak 
5 to 7 mm. long. ° 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 660612, collected near Nara Visa, 
July 4, 1911, by Mr. Geo. L. Fisher (no, 190). Also collected near Nara Visa, 
August 17, 1910, by Mr. Fisher (no. 58). 

Most closely allied, perhaps, to M. angustata, but distinguished by the flat, 
puberulent pods armed with but few prickles, and by the few prickles of the 
abundantly pubescent stems. 


CAESALPINIACEAE. 


Chamaecrista rostrata Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A slender annual, 20 cm. high or less, simple at the base, sparingly branched 
above; stems herbaceous, reddish, puberulent; leaflets 10 or 12, narrowly ob- 
long, rounded at the apex, very shortly mucronulate, 8 or 10 mm. long, glabrous ; 
petiolar gland oblong, small, short-stipitate ; stipules linear-lanceolate, long- 
attenuate; peduncles few, supra-axillary, arcuate, 1-flowered; petals bright 
yellow, 12 mm. long; sepals one-half to two-thirds as long as the petals, 
lanceolate, membranaceous; pods 25 to 35 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, appressed- 
pubescent, ending in a beak 2 to’3 mm. long. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 660032, collected in sandy soil 
at Logan, October 5, 1910, by Mr. Geo. L. Fisher (no. 93). 

While related to C. fasciculata, this may be readily distinguished by the 
long beaks of the pods, the fewer leaflets neither acute nor conspicuously 
mucronate, the 1-flowered peduncles, and the shorter sepals. 


FABACEAE. 


Anisolotus greenei Wooton & Standley. 
Hosackia mollis Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 185, 1885, not Nutt. 
Lotus mollis Greene, Pittonia 2: 143. 1890, not Balf. 


Anisolotus neomexicanus (Greene) Wooton & Standley. 
Lotus neomexicanus Greene, Pittonia 2: 141. 1890. 


Anisolotus nummularius (Jones) Wooton & Standley. 
Hosackia rigida nummularia Jones, Bull. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 683. 1895. 


Anisolotus puberulus (Benth.) Wooton & Standley. 
Hosackia puberula Benth. Pl. Hartw. 305. 1848. 
Lotus puberulus Greene, Pittonia 2: 142. 1890. 


Anisolotus trispermus (Greene) Wooton & Standley. 
Lotus trispermus Greene, Erythea 1: 258. 1893. 


60541°—13——3 


136 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Aragallus veganus (Cockerell) Wooton & Standley. 

Aragailus pinetorum veganus Cockerell, Torreya 2: 155. 1902. 

Apparently this is a most distinct species, found only on the tops of the 
highest mountains in the ranges lying between Santa Fe and Las Vegas. The 
assignment of the plant to rank as a subspecies under A. pinetorum was most 
unfortunate, since the plant is not at all closely related to that species, but 
finds its affinities among some of the alpine species of Colorado and Wyoming, 


Astragalus albulus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Plant 40 to 60 cm. high, much branched from a woody root, hirsutulous- 
anescent throughout; stipules whitish, membranaceous, large, connate opposite 
the leaves, the free tips broadly triangular; leaves 5 to 8 em. long, with very 
short petioles; leaflets 8 to 10 pairs, linear or narrowly oblong, 10 to 15 mm. 
long, acute or obtuse, glabrous above; flowers in loose, axillary racemes 10 to 15 
em. long; peduncles 3 to 5 cm, long, the pedicels very short, subtended by white, 
membranous, ovate bracts half the length of the calyx; flowers dull yellow, 
tinged with purple; calyx cylindric, about 7 mm. long, the subulate teeth one- 
fourth as long, appressed-pubescent with both black and white hairs; corolla 
about 12 mm, long, the wings and banner only a little longer than the keel; 
mature fruit not seen, the very young pods 1-celled, several-seeded, with a very 
short stipe, slightly flattened dorso-ventrally at the base, acute, appressed- 
pubescent. . 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 690252, collected in a canyon on 
the road to Zuni some distance south of Gallup, August 1, 1904, by E. O. 
Wooton. Upper Sonoran Zone. 

Without mature fruit the relationship of this plant can not be stated defi- 
nitely, but it is unlike any species known to us. 


Astragalus altus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial, 40 to 60 em, high, with several slender, erect, sparingly branched 
stems, these indistinctly striate, sparsely pubescent with very short, appressed 
hairs; stipules triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, neither connate nor adnate to 
the expanded bases of the petioles; leaves 8 to 10 cm. long; petioles 1 cm. long 
or less; leaflets 10 to 14 pairs, elliptic to elliptic-oblong, when mature 8 to 10 
mm. long, entire, acute or obtuse, appressed-pubescent beneath; flowers in 
axillary racemes 6 to 10 cm. long, the peduncles elongating slightly in fruit, the 
flowers crowded in a short raceme, not capitate; calyx yellowish, sparsely 
pubescent with appressed, black hairs, 5 mm. long including the small, acute 
teeth scarcely 1 mm. long; corolla bright yellow, hardly 10 mm. long, the wings 
and banner considerably surpassing the obtuse keel; pods (about half mature) 
15 to 20 mm. long including the stipe (8 to 10 mm, long), oblong, acute, mem- 
branous, the lower suture somewhat sulecate, several-seeded, sparsely appressed- 
pubescent with minute black hairs. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 690253, collected at Toboggan in 
the Sacramento Mountains, Otero County, July 31, 1899, by E. O. Wooton. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Tularosa Creek, Sacramento Moun- 
tains, August 6, 1901, Wooton. 

At first glance this might be confused with A. rusbyi, which it resembles in a 
general way. It differs in having shorter and broader leaflets, crowded flowers 
on much shorter peduncles, and pods with longer stipes and much less inflexed 
sutures. 

Astragalus neomexicanus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 


Herbaceous perennial about 380 cm. high, with somewhat the aspect of 
Aragallus deflexus ; stems ascending, branched from the base, pubescent ; stipules 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 1387 


narrowly triangular-lanceolate, about 10 mm. long, adnate to the petiole, not 
connate ; leaves 10 to 18 cm. long, with about 20 pairs of leaflets, villous through- 
out with weak, spreading hairs; leaflets elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 10 to 12 
mm. long, narrowed at the apex, acute, entire, glabrate above; flowers in 
elongated, several to many-flowered racemes 15 to 25 cm. long (including the 
peduncles) ; bracts linear-lanceolate, twice as long as the ascending pedicels 
(these 2 or 3 mm. long); calyx campanulate, slightly gibbous above, 7 to 9 
mm. long, the subulate teeth about one-third as long, pubescent with black and 
white, loosely appressed hairs, the black ones more noticeable on the buds; 
corolla purple, about 20 mm. long, the banner and wings considerably surpassing 
the rounded keel; mature fruit not seen; very young pods 1-celled, several- 
seeded, thick-walled, terete, neither suture intruded, densely appressed-pubescent. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 690254, collected in James Canyon 
in the Sacramento Mountains near Cloudcroft, Otero County, July 23, 1899, by 
E. O. Wooton. Altitude about 2,550 meters. 

We hesitate to describe this species for which the mature fruit is lacking, 
but it is so distinct from anything else we have seen that the description is 
given and a name applied merely as a means of recording the plant. 


Lupinus argillaceus Wooton & Standley, sp. noy. 

Low annual of the Platyecarpos group; stem about 10 cm. high, with numerous 
lateral divaricnte branches as long or longer; whole plant softly silky villous, 
the pubescence being somewhat appressed and thus not conspicuous ; petioles 3 
to 5 em. long: leaflets 5 to 7, 1 to 2 em. long, oblanceolate, obtuse or acute, about 
equally pubescent on both sides; flowers few, in contracted, head-like clusters 
at the ends of peduncles mostly shorter than the petioles of the adjacent leaves, 
with broadly ovate-lanceolate bracts 3 or 4 mm, long; calyx similar to that of 
L. kingii, the upper lobe deeply 2-cleft, the divisions lanceolate, acute, the 
lower lobe minutely 8-toothed at the apex, the toothing more or less obscured 
by the pubescence in dried material, the upper lobe about two-thirds as long as 
the lower, with minute bracts at the sinuses between the two lobes; corolla 
blue or white, the banner narrowly ovate, reflexed, shorter than the wings and 
the elongated, rather straight keel; stamens monadelphous, the lower five an- 
thers linear, almost as long as their filaments, the upper anthers minute; ovary 
with 2 ovules: fruit a short, rhombic-ovate, 2-seeded legume; seeds almost 
rotund, lenticular, whitish, without markings. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 498990, collected near Pecos, San 
Miguel County, at an altitude of 2,010 meters, August 17, 1908, by Paul C. 
Standley (no. 4974). The plants grew on the low hills about Pecos, especially 
in the deep gullies, in a heavy red clay soil. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Pecos, alt. 2,010 meters, 1908, Stand- 
ley 4975; El Rito, August 17, 1904, Wooton. 

Standley’s specimens were distributed as ZL. kingii and are listed as that 
species in his report upon his 1908 collections in Mublenbergia.” Of the two 
numbers collected in the same locality one had white flowers and the other blue. 


Lupinus laetus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A slender perennial with few spreading or ascending branches; stems finely 
and sparingly appressed-pubescent ; petioles slender, about as long as the leaf- 
lets, these elliptic-oblanceolate, 45 to 60 mm. long, obtuse, mucronate, bright 
green and glabrous above, with a few scattered, appressed hairs beneath; 
raceme 15 to 20 cm. long, loosely few-flowered, «short-pedunculate; pedicels 
slender, ascending, 8 mm. long, sparingly pubescent ; calyx sericeous, the lobes 
about equal, broad, rather obtuse; corolla 12 mm. long, bright blue; fruit not 
seen. 


*5: 17-80. 1909. 


1388 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 562219, collected at Winter Folly 
in the Sacramento Mountains north of Clouderoft, August 18, 1899, by E. O. 
Wooton. Altitude about 2,700 meters. 

The plant is of the group of L. plattensis, but its bright blue flowers at once 
distinguish it. 


Lupinus aquilinus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A much branched, suffrutescent perennial, 60 to 150 cm. high; stems slender, 
spreading, sparingly and finely sericeous; petioles slender, about equaling the 
leaflets, these elliptic-oblanceolate, 35 to 45 mm. long, obtuse, mucronate, gray- 
ish green, glabrous above, finely sericeous beneath; racemes on short peduncles, 
dense, 5 cm. long or less, few-flowered; pedicels ascending, stout, sericeous, 4 
min. long; calyx densely sericeous, scarcely gibbous, the two lobes almost equal, 
rather broad, acute, entire; corolla 12 mm. long, pale bluish and yellowish, 
the banner with a dark spot; pods 80 mm. long and 8 mm. wide or less, 3 or 
4-seeded ; seeds 4 mm. long, greenish gray, finely splashed with dark green. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 562095, collected at Gilmores 
Ranch, on Eagle Creek, in the White Mountains, August 25, 1907, by E. O. 
Wooton and Paul C. Standley (no, 3613). Altitude 2,220 meters. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Gilmores Ranch, August 15, 1897, Wooton 
537; Sierra Grande, August, 1903, Howell 229, 

This is a grayish plant with numerous slender, spreading branches. It is 
rather abundant about Gilmores Ranch, growing on slopes in the shade of 
pines. It is of the L. plattensis group and is related to L. sierra-blancae, which 
grows not faraway. It is a lower plant, however, than L, sierrae-blancae, with 
more branches, fewer flowers, and shorter, obtuse leaflets. 


Lupinus sierrae-blancae Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A tall perennial, 1 meter high or more, much branched: stems stout and 
somewhat succulent, finely white-pubescent, the pubescence loose; petioles 
equaling the leaflets, these 7 to 9, 50 to 70 mm. long, linear-elliptic, very acute, 
attenuate to the base, yellowish green, glabrous above, finely strigillose 
beneath or almost glabrous; racemes long (25 to 30 cm.), many-flowered, rather 
loose; pedicels divergent, stout, 10 mm. long, densely pubescent -with short, 
spreading hairs; calyx slightly gibbous, loosely pubescent, the upper lip 
longer than the lower, both narrow, entire, attenuate; corolla 12 mm. long, 
dull bluish tinged with yellow, the banner with a large darker spot; pods 
ascending, stout, 85 mm. long and 35 mm. wide or less, densely hirtellous, 
5 to 7-seeded; mature seeds not seen. 

Type in the U, S. National Herbarium, no. 562220, collected on the lower 
part of White Mountain Peak, July 6, 1895, by E. O. Wooton. Altitude 2,340 
meters, 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Gilmores Ranch, on Eagle Creek, July 14, 
1895, Wooton; Gilmores Ranch, July 29, 1901, Wooton; Ruidoso Creek, July 5 
1895, Wooton. 

The plant is known only from the open meadows or parks which are so 
numerous on the timbered slopes of White Mountain Peak. The largest of 
our New Mexican lupines, it is a conspicuous feature of the vegetation where 
it occurs. While related to L. plattensis, it may be distinguished by its larger, 
acute leaves and the much larger size of the plants. 


Petalostemum prostratums Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Stems slender, prostrate, 60 cm. long or less, glabrous, with numerous orbicu- 
lar, reddish brown glands; leaves long-petioled, the leaflets mostly 7, glabrous, 
glaucous, glandular-dotted, cuneate-oblanceolate, nearly sessile, rounded at the 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 139 


apex; racemes rather densely many-flowered, long-peduncled, about 5 cm. long; 
flowers sessile; calyx angled, glabrous, straw colored, with a few pellucid, yel- 
lowish glands, the lobes lanceolate, green, attenuate, silky-pubescent along the 
margins; corolla rose purple, about 8 mm. long; stamens 6; fruit glabrous, 3.5 
mm. long, semiorbicular in outline. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 370697, collected near Albuquerque 
in 1909 by Winnie Harward (no. 17). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Belen, August 1, 1906, Wooton. 

This is so unlike all other species of the genus that it can scarcely be confused 
with any. The habit alone is sufficient to distinguish it. In general appearance 
it much more closely resembles certain species of Parosela, but the structure of 
the flower and number of stamens makes it impossible to place it with them. 


Phaseolus dilatatus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from a thickened root; stems long, slender, twining, glabrous or 
sparingly puberulent; stipules small, lanceolate; petioles slender, equaling or 
longer than the leaflets, these linear-lanceolate to triangular-ovate, entire, or 
dilated and with 2 small rounded lobes at the base, obtuse, bright green, scaberu- 
lous, ciliolate; peduncles slender, somewhat exceeding the leaves, 5 to 12 em. 
long; pedicels 4 mm. long or less, sparingly puberulent; calyx puberulent, with 
rounded lobes; bracts minute, elliptic-oblong; corolla 10 to 12 mm. long; pods 
about 20 mm. long and 5 mm. broad, stout, slightly curved, nearly glabrous, with 
a slender style 1.5 mm. long. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 138616, collected in the Mogollon 
Mountains August 30, 1881, by Dr. H. H. Rusby. Another specimen is in the 
herbarium of Dr. E. L. Greene, collected in the Burro Mountains in June, 1881, 
by Doctor Rusby. 

This suggests P. grayanus, but the leaflets are not lobed as in that species, 
the peduncles are shorter, the pod is nearly glabrous ana smaller, and the style 
is long and slender. 


Phaseolus grayanus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Phaseolus wrightit A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 33. 1853, not A. Gray, op. cit. 
1: 438. 1852. 

Perennial with long, slender, climbing stems, these sparingly puberulent; 
stipules small, triangular-lanceolate; petioles one-half to two-thirds as long as 
the leaflets; leaflets deeply 3-lobed, at least the terminal one, the lobes narrowly 
oblong or rhombic, blunt, bright green, thin, nearly glabrous, but puberulent 
along the veins; peduncles much longer than the leaves, 10 to 25 cm. long, 
slender, glabrous or puberulent, pubescent about the flowers; flowers few, dis- 
tant, on pedicels 5 mm. long or less; calyx puberulent, the lobes broadly 
rounded, ciliate; corolla purplish, 12 to 15 mm. long; pods broad, 25 to 30 mm. 
long and 8 or 9 mm. wide, curved, densely soft-pubescent, acute, with a very 
short, stout style. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 232982, collected in the San Luis 
Mountains, September 5, 1893, by Dr. E, A. Mearns (no. 2124). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Luis Mountains, alt. 1,720 meters, 1893, 
Mearns 2584; Horsethief Canyon, near Fort Bayard, alt. 2,100 meters, Novem- 
ber 9, 1905, Blumer 162; Mogollon Creek, alt. 2,400 meters, July 18, 1903, Met- 
calfe 259; Mangas Springs, August, 1901, Metcalfe; 1851, Wright 952. 

The species also occurs in Arizona. 

Our plant has always been referred to P. wrightii. Doctor Gray, in Plantae 
Wrightianae, speaks of Wright’s specimen, stating that it differs from the 
Texas plant in certain particulars and that the description of that plant must 
be modified. The Texan plant, true P. wrightii, differs from ours in having 


140 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


smaller, usually entire, more pubescent leaflets, much shorter peduncles, glabrate 
pods, and a long, slender style. 


Phaseolus metcalfei Wooton & Standley, nom. nov. 

Phaseolus retusus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 11. 1839, not Moench. 

We have assigned the specific name in honor of Mr. J. K. Metcalfe, late of 
Mangas Springs, New Mexico. Mr. Metcalfe was the first to introduce this 
plant into cultivation, and it has been popularly known as the Metcalfe bean. 
It has proved of some value as a forage plant in the Southwest and has been 
treated of in some of thie Department of Agriculture publications under this 
name. 


Phaseolus tenuifolius (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley. 

Phaseolus acutifolius tenwifolius A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 83. 1853. 

In P. acutifolius the leaflets are triangular-lanceolate or ovate, not much 
longer than the peduncles, while in P. tenuifolius they are elongated-linear to 
linear-oblong, and about twice as long as the peduncles. The latter, too, is 
usually a much larger, taller plant. 


Psoralea megalantha Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A low perennial, 10 cm. high or less; stems very short; petioles equaling or 
twice as long as the leaflets, sericeous, also with a few spreading hairs; leaflets 
usually 6, obovate, 27 mm. long or less, cuneate at the base, rounded at the 
apex, densely sericeous beneath, sparingly sericeous above, dull green; peduncles 
stout, 20 mm. long or shorter, sericeous; bracts lanceolate or lance‘ovate, 11 mm. 
long or less, acute or somewhat acuminate, present only at the base of the in- 
florescence; flowers rather few, nearly capitate, on pedicels 8 mm. long; calyy 
about 18 mm. long, hirsute, the lobes nearly equal, linear, acute, equaling or 
shorter than the tube; corolla 20 mm. long. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 368979, collected at Aztec, May 18, 
1899, by C. F. Baker (no. 440). 

''The collection was distributed as P. mephitica S. Wats. and it is related 
to that species. The flowers, however, are twice as large in our plant, the 
intlorescence subcapitate instead of elongated, and the pubescence mostly ap- 
pressed instead of spreading or retrorse. 


Robinia rusbyi Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Shrub with stout, nearly glabrous, reddish brown branches; spines stout, 
straight, 15 mm. long or less; rachis of the leayes slender, minutely puberulent 
or glabrate; leaflets oval or broadly oblong, rounded and mucronate at the apex, 
rounded or slightly narrowed at the base, grayish green, glabrous above, minutely 
strigillose beneath; racemes many-flowered, short-peduncled, pubescent ; pedicels 
stout, densely glandular-pubescent; corolla 20 mm. long or more; calyx lobes 
ovate, acute; pods 45 to 85 mm. long, 18 mm. broad or less, glabrous, purplish. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 690288, collected on the Mogollon 
Road 15 miles east of Mogollon, August 8, 1900, by IE. O. Wooton. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Eagle Peak, August 2, 1900, Wooton; Burro 
Mountains, alt. 2,250 meters, 1903, Metcalfe 189; Deep Creek, August 9, 1900, 
Wooton; head of Carrizo Creek, Mescalero Reservation, alt. 2,220 meters, 1903, 
Plummer. 

The last specimen cited may not belong here, for the leaflets are narrower, 
longer, and acute. It certainly is not Robinia neomexicana. R. rusbyi dif- 
fers from that species conspicuously in its glabrous fruit and merely glandular- 
pubescent peduncles and pedicels. 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 141 


Dr. H. H. Rusby seems to have been the first to observe this shrub and called 
our attention to it. He collected it somewhere about the Mogollon Mountains 
in 1880 or 1881. 


Trifolium longicaule Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial; stems slender, reclining, glabrous, much branched, 60 cm. long 
or less; petioles slender, several times as long as the leaflets; stipules narrow, 
attenuate, entire or nearly so; leaflets obovate to elliptic-oblong, rounded or 
obtuse at the apex, cuneate at the base, bright green, glabrous, prominently 
veined, the veins slightly prolonged beyond the low teeth; peduncles slender, 
40 to 60 mm. long, nearly glabrous but with a few long crinkled hairs, often 
tomentulose just below the head; involucre short, one-third to one-half as 
long as the flowers, of linear-lanceolate, subulate bracts distinct almost to their 
bases; calyx one-half or two-thirds as long as the corolla, the teeth linear-subu- 
late, almost twice as long as the tube; corolla pale purplish, 11 mm, long or 
less, the banner emarginate. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 562146, collected along Hagle 
Creek at Gilmores Ranch in the White Mountains, August 25, 1907, by E. O. 
Wooton and Paul C. Standley. Altitude 2,220 meters. The plants grew in 
gravelly soil at the very edge of the water. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Mountains, alt. 1,890 meters, 1897, 
Wooton 235; Cold Spring Canyon, August 17, 1899, Wooton, 

This is related to 7’. lacerum, the flowers being of the same size, but the 
involucre is more deeply cleft and the segments much narrower, while the 
peduncles are more or less pubescent instead of glabrous. 


Vicia melilotoides Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from a long, slender root; stems slender, angled, soft-pubescent, 
80 cm. long or less, ascending or prostrate; leaflets 10 to 16, linear-oblong or 
linear-lanceolate, 25 mm. long or less, obtuse and mucronate or acute, bright 
green, rather thick, finely veined, loosely pubescent on both surfaces, becoming 
nearly glabrous in age; racemes many-flowered (15 to 20 or more), on peduncles 
as long as or often much shorter than the rachis; pedicels 1.5 mm. long or less; 
calyx 1.5 mm. long, at first loosely pubescent, glabrate in age; corolla 7 mm. 
long, creamy white; pods 25 to 80 mm. long, glabrous, about 8-seeded. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 498706, collected at Winsors 
Ranch in the Pecos River National Forest, July 16, 1908, by Paul C. Standley 
(no. 4364). Altitude 2,520 meters. The plants were abundant all through this 
region on open, stony hillsides in the Transition Zone. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mountains west of Las Vegas, 1881, Vasey; 
Upper Pecos River, July 27, 1898, Maltby & Coghill 108; Coolidge, June 16, 
1887, Tracy 255; Hillsboro Peak, alt, 3,000 meters, 1904, Metcalfe 1245; Mogollon 
Creek, alt. 2,400 meters, 1903, Metcalfe 266; 1851, Wright 943; Middle Fork 
of the Gila, August 5, 1900, Wooton; McClures Ranch, August .2, 1900, Wooton; 
near Cloudcroft, July 31, 1899, Wooton; White Mourtains, alt. 2,100 meters, 
1897, Wooton 288. 

This has long been confused with V. pulchella, which it closely resembles 
in general appearance. The flowers, however, are white, instead of blue as 
in that species, and much more numerous, while the peduncles are shorter, 
and the calyx less pubescent. Both species are found in the same region in 
the White Mountains, where they are easily distinguished in the field. 


142 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


GERANIACEAE. 


Geranium eremophilum Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from a slender, branched caudex; stems erect or ascending, very 
slender, 30 cm. long, much branched, minutely retrorse-pubescent, not glandular; 
leaf blades somewhat pentagonal in outline, 85 to 45 mm. broad, in age gla- 
brate, when young sparingly pubescent, 3 or 5-lobed, the divisions with abruptly 
acuminate, ovate teeth; pedicels slender, glandular; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 
about 10 mm. long, ending in an awn 2 mm. long, more or less pubescent, not 
glandular; petals purplish pink, obovate, retuse, 15 to 20 mm. long; style column 
canescent or rarely glandular; carpel bodies sparingly hirsute; seeds reticulate. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 233003, collected in the San Luis 
Mountains, September 5, 1893, by Dr. E. A. Mearns (no. 2142), 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Luis Mountains, September 26, 1898, 
Mearns 2443; San Luis Mountains, September 11, 1898, Mearns 2194; Organ 
Mountains, alt. 1,800 meters, September 23, 1906, Wooton & Standley. 

It seems undesirable to describe any additional species of Geranium in this 
group where the species are so closely related and so poorly known, These 
plants, however, could not be placed under any name in Dr. Rydberg’s recent 
revision of the genus without stretching specific limits more than seems reason- 
able. This species is near G. fremontii and G. caespitosum, but is more slender, 
has paler, rather larger flowers, scarcely any glandular pubescence, and nearly 
glabrous leaves with broader, blunter segments. 


Geranium lentum Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial with a stout caudex ; stems weak, slender, ascending or spreading, 
30 to 60 em. long, branched, densely glandular-villous; leaf blades reniform- 
pentagonal, 35 to 45 mm. wide, dull green, thin, glandular-hirsute on both 
surfaces, 5-parted, the divisions cuneate and with rounded obtuse teeth ; 
petioles very long and slender, densely glandular; pedicels long and slender, 
glandular; sepals elliptic-oblong, tipped with an awn less than 1 mm. long, 
glandular-pilose; petals white, 7 to 10 mm. long; style column densely glandu- 
lar; seeds finely reticulate. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 561079, collected on the West 
Fork of the Gila, August 7, 1900, by E. O. Wooton. 

ADDITIONAL SFECIMENS EXAMINED: Craters, Valencia County, July 28, 1906, 
Wooton; Rio Zuni, July 28, 1892, Wooton; West Fork of the Gila, August 6, 
1900, Wooton; Middle Fork of the Gila, August 5, 1900, Wooton. 

The specimens cited here have passed as G. wislizeni, a Mexican species, 
Apparently none were examined in the preparation of the Geraniaceae for the 
North American Flora, for no description in that work agrees with our plant. 
Geranium wislizeni is the plant to which this is most closely related, but that 
lacks the dense glandular pubescence characteristic of our plant, being glandu- 
lar only on the style column. 


LINACEAE. 


Cathartolinum vestitum Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Annual, 15 to 25 cm. high; stems slender, striate, densely puberulent, simple 
below, branched above the middle. the branches strongly ascending; leaves 
small, linear-lanceolate, glandular-denticulate, acute, thick, glaucous; bracts 
linear-lanceolate, 3 to 4 mm. long, aristate-tipped:; floral branches slender, 6 
to 35 mm. long; sepals lanceolate, 5 or 6 mm. long, acute, bristle-tipped, with 
many glandular teeth on the margins, puberulent on the nerves; petals bright 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 148 


yellow, 13 to 15 mm. long; capsules oblong-ovoid, 4 to 5 mm. long, shorter than 
the sepals. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 562282, collected at Mangas 
Springs, August, 1901, by O. B. Metcalfe. 

The only species with which this can be confused is C. puberulum, but that 
is a short, stout plant with short, thick pedicels and much shorter petals. Our 
plant, too, is simple below, while C. puberulum is invariably branched. 

Evidently related to this and probably the same is Doctor Mearns’s no. 47, 
collected in the Carrizalillo Mountains in 1892. 


ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. 


Kallstroemia laetevirens Thornber, sp. nov. 

Plants semierect, 30 to 50 cm. tall, branched from the base; stems 30 to 60 
em. long, straight, sparingly pubescent throughout, beset above with scattered 
stiff hairs; stipules 5 to 6 mm. long, subulate to linear-lanceolate, hispid; 
leaves 30 to 55 mm. long, the petioles mostly equal to the lowest leaflets; leaf- 
lets 4 to 6 pairs, 9 to 20 mm. long, acutish, oblong to elliptical, glabrous above, 
pubescent with appressed hairs beneath; margins of leaflets prominently ciliate ; 
peduncles in fruit 15 to 40 mm. long, equaling or exceeding the subtending 
leaves, thickened above, appressed-pubescent and with scattered stiff hairs on 
the upper half, in age spreading or reflexed ; sepals subulate to linear-lanceolate, 
6 to 8 mm. long, densely hispid with long, yellowish or tawny hairs; petals 
bright yellow, 7 to 12 mm. long, rather showy, exceeding the sepals; fruit 
finely canescent, the beak 5 to 8 mm. long, columnar, grooved, pubescent, often 
twice the length of the fruit body; nutlets 8 to 10, 3.5 to 4 mm, long, sharply 
tuberculate on the back, faintly reticulate on the faces. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 660420, collected on Hanover 
Mountain, New Mexico, July 31, 1911, by J. M. Holzinger. 

This well marked species differs from K, parviflora in its more erect habit, 
and also in having larger leaflets, leaves, and flowers. It differs from K. 
intermedia in its habit of growth, in its longer peduncles, and in the stems 
being very pilose. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARIZONA—-Fort Huachuca, 1894, Wilcor 
295: without locality, 1869, Palmer; Empire Ranch, 1902, Griffiths & Thornber 
284, New Mexico—Lincoln County, 1898, Skehan 52; Organ Mountains, alt. 
1,360 meters, 1897, Wooton 423; Fort Bayard, 1905, Blumer 23; Kingston, alt. 
2,000 meters, 1904, Metcalfe 1197; San Luis Mountains, 1893, Mearns 2202. 


RUTACEAE. 


Rutosma purpureum Wooton & Standley sp. nov. 

Perennial from a long, thick tap-root; stems very numerous, erect, sparingly 
branched, 30 cm. high or less, densely punctate with slightly raised glands; 
leaves linear, 15 mm. long or less, obtuse, thick, abundantly punctate, sessile; 
pedicels 1.5 mm. long or less; calyx lobes rounded-ovate, obtuse, less than 1 
mm. long, purple; petals ovate, obtuse, dull reddish purple except near the base, 
there yellowish; fruit nearly sessile, 5 mm. high and 6 mm. wide at the top, 
the carpels strongly diverging, glabrous, conspicuously punctate. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 560630, collected on an arid, rocky 
slope at Bishops Cap at the south end of the Organ Mountains, April 4, 1903, 
by E. O. Wooton. 


144 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bishops Cap, March 30, 1905, Wooton; 
Organ Mountains, September 23, 1906, Wooton & Standley; Carrizalillo Moun- 
tains, April 20, 1892, Mearns 118; 3 miles south of Hillsboro, alt. 1,650 meters, 
June 6, 1904, Metcalfe 1298; Mangas Springs, alt. 1,380 meters, 1903, Metcalfe 
784. 

Other specimens have been seen from western Texas and southern Arizona. 

Doctor Gray, in the second part of Plantae Wrightianae, mentions this as 
“Rutosma teranum, var. corolla purpurea.” His specimens came from “ hills 
near El Paso.” Rutosma teranum, the other species of the Southwest, occurs 
in southwestern Texas and adjoining Mexico. It has yellow petals much larger 
than those of R. purpureum, and the carpels are erect instead of spreading. 


POLYGALACEAE. 


Polygala neomexicana Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Stems slender, erect or ascending, 20 to 35 em. high, flexuous, simple or 
branched above, cinereous-puberulent; leaves numerous, thin, bright green, 
nearly sessile, sparingly puberulent or glabrate, lanceolate or elliptic, 15 to 30 
mm. long, acute; inflorescence of few-flowered racemes; flowers soon pendulous, 
6 mm. long, on pedicels 2 mm. long; perianth early deciduous: wings obovate, 
ciliolate, the keel naked; mature fruit oval or broadly oblong, about 10 mm. 
long, emarginate, the sinus closed, the faces puberulent, the margins ciliate, the 
seeds narrowly obovoid, hairy, the caruncle lobes forming processes one-third to 
one-half the length of the seed. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 497803, collected on Miller Hill, 
Grant County, September 8, 1897, by O. B. Metcalfe. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Guadalupe Canyon, August 16, 1892, Mearns 
692; San Luis Mountains, September 5, 1893, Mearns 2139. 

We have also seen specimens from southeastern Arizona. 

While closely related to P. puberula, our plant differs decidedly in its taller, 
more slender stems, larger, broader, thinner, nearly glabrous leaves, larger 
flowers, larger, puberulent fruit, and different seeds. The flowers appear to be 
yellow or white, but possibly they have faded in the herbarium. 


EUPHORBIACEAE. 


Chamaesyce chaetocalyx (Boiss.) Wooton & Standley. 

Euphorbia fendleri chaetocalyx Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 15*: 39, 1862. 

In his original description Boissier says: “Ab E. Fendleri habitu diversa 
videtur, sed auctoritate cl. Engelm. qui formas intermedias observasse monuit 
cum ea junxi.” Continued observation in the field compels us to regard this 
as a distinct species. It differs decidedly from C. fendleri in its erect rather 
than prostrate stems, its narrow, acute leaves, its elongated internodes, and its 
narrow appendages. 


Chamaesyce micromera (Boiss.) Wooton & Standley. 
Huphorbia micromera Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 157: 44. 1862, 


Chamaesyce serrula (Engeim.) Wooton & Standley. 
Euphorbia serrula Engelm. in Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 188. 1859. 


Croton eremophilus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial, suffrutescent at the base, 35 em. high or less; stems slender, erect, 
densely stellate, corymbosely branched above; petioles 25 to 30 mm. long, 
slender; lower leaf blades oblong or oval, obtuse, 35 to 45 mm. long, grayish 
beneath with dense, stellate pubescence, green above and with a fine, rather 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 145 


sparse, or at least not dense, stellate pubescence; upper leaves lanceolate or 
narrowly oblong, acute; flowers densely clustered, on stout pedicels 5 mm. long; 
sepals 5 or 6 mm. long, oblong, acute, densely stellate-pubescent ; staminate 
flowers with oblong, ciliate, acute petals; pistillate flowers apetalous; styles 38, 
bipartite; seeds oblong, brownish gray, 4.5 mm. long, with a stipitate caruncle. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 234163, collected by Dr. E. A. 
Mearns at Dog Spring in the Dog Mountains, September 16, 1893 (no. 2336). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Parkers Well, July 19, 1901, Wooton. 

Similar to C. corymbulosus, but the two surfaces of the leaves are dissimilar 
in color, the upper being greener and much less densely pubescent; the upper 
leaves, too, are acute instead of obtuse, the petals are acute, and the sepals 
longer. 

Croton luteovirens Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A slender, branched annual, 80 cm. high or less; stems glabrous, yellowish ; 
petioles slender, glabrous, one-third to one-half as long as the blades, these 
oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, yellowish green, acute; fiowers few, scattered, only 
a few in each raceme; sepals lanceolate, with a few stellate hairs, acute; 
petals wanting; capsules sparingly stellate-pubescent when young, soon glabrous; 
seeds broadly oval, 3 mm. long, light and dark brown striped, with an incon- 
spicuous caruncle. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 690282, collected on the Rio Gila, 
August 15, 1902, by E. O. Wooton. 

The plant is very abundant in this region, growing with the related C. tezr- 
ensis. Patches of the two are distinguishable at a distance because of their 
different color. Croton texensis is stellate-pubescent throughout, while our 
plant is glabrous; thus the two may be separated at a glance. 


Tithymalus altus (Norton) Wooton & Standley. 
Euphorbia alta Norton, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 11: 108. 1899. 


Tithymalus chamaesula (Boiss.) Wooton & Standley. 
Euphorbia chamaesula Boiss, Cent. Euphorb, 38. 1860. 


Tithymalus luridus (Engelm.) Wooton & Standley. 

Euphorbia lurida Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 178. 1861. 
Tithymalus mexicanus (Engelm.) Wooton & Standley. 

Euphorbia dictyosperma mewicana Engelm. in Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 
191. 1859. 

Euphorbia mexicana Norton, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 11: 105. 1899, 


Zygophyllidium delicatulum Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A slender annual, sparingly branched; stems erect or ascending, green, 
glabrous, sometimes purplish; leaves mostly alternate, the floral ones opposite 
or ternate, ovate to oblong, acute or obtuse, 15 to 30 mm. long, thin, bright green, 
finely serrulate, rounded to cuneate at the base; petioles slender, about as long 
as the blades; stipules mostly obsolete; flowers solitary, or clustered in the 
axils; pedicels 2 to 4 mm. long; involucres glabrous, with 5 glands; appendages 
obovate, greenish or purplish white; capsules glabrous, 4 mm. in diameter; 
seeds ovoid, terete, papillose, not carunculate. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 562959, collected on Mineral Creek, 
Sierra County, at an altitude of 2,250 meters, September 26, 1904, by O. B. 
Metealfe (no. 1414). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tularosa Creek, August 18, 1899, Wooton; 
Ruidoso Creek, alt. 2,100 meters, June 30, 1895, Wooton. 

A very different plant from any of the other species of the genus, differing 
most noticeably in the width and shape of the leaf blades and the glabrous 
involucres. ‘ 


146 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Zygophyllidium exstipulatum (Engelm.) Wooton & Standley. 
Euphorbia exstipulata Engelm. in Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 189. 1859. 


ANACARDIACEAE, 


Rhus choriophylla Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Low shrub, 1 or even 2 meters high, with few branches; stems stout, the 
younger ones purplish, finely pubescent; leaflets 3 or 5, ovate, abruptly acumi- 
nate, 30 to GO mm. long, thick and coriaceous, glabrous, pale green, rather dull 
on the upper surface, mostly unequally rounded at the base; rachis finely 
puberulent; terminal leaflet larger and broader than the others; flowers in 
dense panicles much shorter than the leaves; bracts ovate, acuminate, densely 
pubescent; flowers almost sessile; fruit spherical, 5 mm. in diameter, orange, 
densely hirtellous, 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 560279, collected in Guadalupe 
Canyon, on the Mexican boundary, near the southwest corner of New Mexico, 
August 16, 1892, by Dr. E. A. Mearns (no. 699). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Guadalupe Canyon, 1893, Mearns 2524; 
Pena Blanca, November 30, 1901, Mae Gilmore; San Andreas Mountains, 
February 9, 1902, Wooton. 

In addition to the specimens cited, we have seen others from western Texas, 
southern Arizona, and northern Chihuahua. 

Evidently this is closely related to R. virens Lindh., but the vegetative 
characters are noticeably different, the leaflets being uniformly broader, rounded 
at the base, abruptly acuminate, glabrous, and of about the same shade of pale 
green on both surfaces. The leaflets, too, are fewer. 


ACERACEAE. 


Acer brachypterum Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Tree of medium size, with spreading, smooth, brownish, slender branches; 
young twigs finely and densely pubescent; petioles usually shorter than the 
blades, mostly densely and finely velvety pubescent even in age; leaf blades 
averaging 5 cm. long and 6 to 8 em. broad, 5-lobed, all the lobes divergent, the 
two basal ones much smaller than the others or sometimes wanting; leaves 
cordate of truncate at the base, dull green and glabrous above, paler and 
pubescent beneath, thick, the lobes triangular-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 
entire or with one or two low, rounded, lateral lobes, acutish; flowers not seen ; 
calyx persistent ; inflorescence short and few-fruited; pedicels slender. 20 to 35 
mm. long, pubescent; body of the fruit turgid, glabrous, strongly reticulate, the 
wings small, 15 mm. long and 10 mm. wide or smaller, glabrous, strongly veined, 
reddish. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 560270, collected in the San Luis 
Mountains, July 19, 1892, by Dr. E. A. Mearns (no. 535). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Luis Mountains, 1892, Mearns 71, 
569; San Luis Mountains, alt. 1.800 meters, October 1, 1893, Mearns 2481. 

A species near A. grandidentatum, but the leaves have very different lobes 
and are more densely pubescent, and the wings of the fruit are much shorter. 
_A note by Doctor Mearns on one of the sheets says: “This is the hard maple 
of this region. I also saw it in the Mogollon Mountains of Arizona, where the 
leaves turned red in October. Usually it is a small tree in ravines or canyons 
of the mountains. There is a photograph of the tree in the Report ' which grew 


*Report of the Boundary Commission upon the Survey and Re-marking of 
the Boundary between the United States and Mexico west of the Rio Grande, 
pl. facing p. 15. 1898, 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 147 


in a moist canyon (Turkey Canyon) on the west side of the San Luis Moun- 
tains. It is the largest seen, measuring 225 cm. in circumference one meter 
above the ground. The trunk is of about the same size for 6 meters, when it 
divides into 3 branches of nearly equal size. The height was estimated at 
about 18 meters. There are several tyees in the neighborhood which approach 
this one in height.” 

The tree also occurs in southeastern Arizona. Possibly the Mogollon Moun- 
tain specimens mentioned above are true Acer grandidentatum. 


MALVACEAE. 


Malvastrum micranthum Wooton & Standley, sp. noy. 

Stems numerous, stout, erect, 20 em. high or less, much branched above, the 
branches ascending, densely and finely stellate-pubescent; leaves mostly about 
12 mm. long, rarely as much as 18 mm., 3-cleft, the divisions all of about the 
same length, most of them deeply 3-lobed, the lobes oblong-oblanceolate, entire, 
rounded at the apex, densely stellate-pubescent beneath, sparingly so above; 
flowers few, only 3 to 5, approximate at the end of each branch; pedicels stout, 
8 mm. long; calyx 3 to 4 mm. high, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute, longer than 
the tube; petals orange, 8 mm. long or shorter; fruit depressed ; ecarpels 9 or 
10, finely stellate-pubescent, not cuspidate, semioblong, aintly reticulate on 
the inner surface: seeds solitary, filling the carpel. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 561154, collected by E. O. Wooton 
near Tiznitzin, August 4, 1904 (no. 2673). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mountains southeast of Patterson, August 
16, 1900, Wooton. 

A very distinct species because of its small flowers and small, peculiarly 
divided leaves. 


Sphaeralcea arenaria Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A low perennial, 80 em. high or less, from a thick, woody root; stems slender, 
erect or spreading, much branched in age, densely stellate-pubescent with a 
rather grayish, close pubescence ; petioles one-third as long as the blades or less; 
blades lanceolate, subhastate, rather obtuse, broadly cuneate or rounded at the 
base, about 25 mm. long, densely and finely grayish stellate pubescent on both 
surfaces; flowers axillary. solitary; leaves of the inflorescence but little re- 
duced; pedicels slender, 5 to 10 mm. long; calyx 7 or 8 mm. high, the lobes 
lanceolate, acute, densely stellate-pubescent ; petals obovate, emarginate, 12 mm. 
long, orange red; carpels numerous, 2-ovuled, 1-seeded, 5 or 6 mm. high, with a 
slender beak more than 0.5 mm. long, smooth above, reticulate below, densely 
stellate-pubescent on the back. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no, 380390, collected by E. O. Wooton 
on the White Sands, Otero County, July 17, 1897 (no. 165). Altitude, 1,200 
meters. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Albuquerque, Herrick; Providencia Lake, 
July 3, 1900, Wooton; mesa west of Organ Mountains, August 26, 1899, Wooton; 
near Suwanee, August 1, 1906, Wooton; White Sands, August 51, 1904, Wooton 
2662: between Tularosa and Mescalero Agency, June 22, 1895, Wooton. 

A common plant of the sandy mesas of southern New Mexico, coming into 
flower usually in late summer. It is low, with many spreading branches. It is 
similar to Sphaeralcea subhastata, but is finely instead of coarsely pubescent, 
and has thinner, mostly less lobed leaves, and the flowers are on long and 
slender pedicels rather than short, stout ones. 


148 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Doctor .Coulter’s Sphaeralcea subhastata was a composite species, judging 
from material in the National Herbarium. One specimen of Wright’s collecting 
which he has named “8S. subhastata, n. sp.,” is evidentiy our Sphaeralcea 
arenaria, Another, however, marked in the same way is what we take to be 
S. subhastata. The original description points rather plainly to the second 
plant. 


Sphaeralcea tenuipes Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from a thick, woody root; stems 30 em. high or less, very slender, 
much branched at the base, simple above, erect or ascending, sparingly stellate- 
pubescent with scattered, yellowish hairs; petioles as long as the blades or 
shorter; blades pedate, the lobes cuneate-oblanceolate, obtuse, 10 to 15 mm. 
long, entire or with 1 or 2 obtuse lateral lobes, rather bright yellowish green, 
sparingly stellate-pubescent on both surfaces; flowers in terminal racemes, soli- 
tary, rather distant, on slender pedicels 7 to 22 mm long; bracts linear-subu- 
late, reddish; calyx 8 mm. high, cleft half or two-thirds the way to the base, 
the lobes lanceolate, attenuate, densely stellate-pubescent; petals cuneate-ob- 
lanceolate to narrowly obovate, obtuse or retuse, 15 mm. long, 5 to 7 mm. wide, 
orange red. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 564301, collected on Tortugas Moun- 
tain southeast of Las Cruces, May 6, 1906, by Paul C. Standley. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tortugas Mountain, alt. 1,320 meters, Sep- 
tember 1, 1908, Wooton & Standley; Tortugas Mountain. April 22, 1894, March 
2, 1902, August 27, 1894, August 29, 1902, Wooton; between El Paso and Monu- 
ment 53, September, 1892, Mearns 992. 

In general appearance this is similar to 8. pedata, but it is less pubescent and 
greener, the petals are narrower, and the flowers are solitary on long, slender 
pedicels instead of fascicled and on short, stout pedicels, 

This may be Sphaeralcea pedata angustiloba A. Gray.’ We have seen no 
material of that subspecies, but the description seems to define a different plant. 

Sphaeralcea tenwipes is rather common among the rough limestone rocks on 
Tortugas Mountain. Tt is a handsome plant, with its almost naked, slender 
racemes of bright colored flowers. Doubtless it occurs in similar situations 
about El Paso, Texas, and in northern Chihuahua. 


LOASACEAE. 


Mentzelia asperula Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Annual with erect, branching stems 30 to 50 em. high, at first scabrous but 
becoming smooth below, the upper branches strongly ascending, the lower 
ones divergent then erect; petioles 1 em. long or less: leaf blades narrowly 
ovate to lanceolate, coarsely and irregularly serrate-dentate, sometimes la- 
ciniately 2 to 4-lobed near the base, hispid with barbed hairs; flowers solitary, 
appearing axillary, really terminal, the stem branching below after the 
flower is well grown, sessile: ‘alyx tube terete, short-clavate, elongating in 
fruit, densely hispid with barbed hairs, the lobes at first narrowly lanceolate, 
acuminate, becoming subulate, persisting on the fruit, 83 to 5 mm. long: petals 
5, ovate to obovate, 6 to 8 mm. long, short-apiculate, orange, deciduous; fila- 
ments shorter than the petals, none of them dilated: fruit cylindric to long- 
clavate, 18 to 25 mm. long; seeds about 8, pyriform, obscurely and bluntiy 
angled, gray, with fine, parallel, curved strix. 


*Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 292. 1887. 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 149 


Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 498146, collected on Trujillo 
Creek, Sierra County, at an altitude of 2400 meters, September 14, 1904, by 
O. B. Metcalfe (no. 1864). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: New Mexico—Organ Mountains, Septem- 
ber 10, 1899, Wooton. Arizona—Sonoita Valley, 1874, Rothrock 642; near Fort 
Huachuca, 1894, Wileor 481; Bowie, 1884, Jones 4308; pass of the Chiricahua 
Mountains, 1851, Wright 1981. Trexas—Limpio Canyon, 1889, Nealley 659. 
Mexico—Near Durango, 1896, Palmer 484. 

The material from southern New Mexico and Arizona has mostly been re- 
ferred to Mentzelia aspera, a West Indian species with larger flowers, the 
outer row of filaments petaloid, the leaves acuminate and with more finely 
toothed margins and longer petioles. The Mexican representatives have been 
referred to Mentzelia hispida Willd., which has much larger flowers and leaves. 
Some of the Texas specimens have been called Mentzelia oligosperma, but that 
is a tuberous-rooted perennial with different leaves and habit. 


Mentzelia monosperma Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Tuberous-rooted perennial with divaricately branched stems 30 to 40 em. 
high, forming a plant of as great or greater diameter; cortex on young stems 
yellowish green, hispid, becoming smooth, white, and papery; leaves broadly 
ovate in outline, obscurely 8-lobed, with a few coarse, sinuate teeth, broadly 
cuneate at the base, on petioles 2 or 8 mm. long, almost sessile above, acute 
or obtuse, bright green; flowers solitary, resembling those of M. oligosperma 
but smaller and with broader, shorter petals and calyx lobes; outer row of 
filaments about twice as wide as the inner ones; fruit clavate, woody when 
mature, about 1 cm. long, with a single large seed 38 mm. long, this elliptic- 
oblong more or less triangular in cross section, dull brownish, finely striate with 
undulating lines. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 690230, collected in the Organ 
Mountains, August 29, 1894, by E. O. Wooton. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Thirty-five miles west of Roswell, 1900, 
Earle 521. 

In root and seed characters this plant is very similar to Mentzelia oligo- 
sperma, to which it has been referred. The flowers and habit of the plant are 
different from those of that species. It has been collected only once in the 
type locality, therefore is probably very rare. 


Nuttallia gypsea Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Tufted, herbaceous perennial, 20 to 40 em. high, branching freely above, 
leafy to the top; cortex white and smooth below, scabrous above; leaves green, 
oblong in outline, 2 to 4 em. long, about 1 cm. wide or less, pinnately divided 
into linear, mostly obtuse segments barely 1 mm. wide, short-petiolate, never 
elasping or auriculate at the base, rough with scattered, recurved, stout, white, 
barbed hairs swollen at the bases; flowers small, on short, terminal pedicels, 
subtended by 1 or 2 small, linear bracts; hypanthium campanulate, 3 to 4 
- mm. long; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate in bud, about 5 mm. long, becoming 
triangular-subulate; petals lanceolate, broader than the 5 inner staminodia, 
pale yellow, tapering to the base, acute, 12 to 15 mm. long, 2 to 38 mm. wide; 
stamens numerous, the outer filaments somewhat dilated, about as long as the 
petals, the inner ones shorter; capsules almost hemispheric, about 7 mm. long; 
seeds numerous, flat, winged, minutely tuberculate. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 564614, collected on pure gypsum 
near Lakewood, August 6, 1909, by E. O. Wooton. 


150 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: On gypsum soil on plains 35 miles south 
of Torrance, August 10, 1909, Wooton. 

This species seems to be affiliated with Nuttallia laciniata, but is much smaller 
in every way, and the flowers are pale yellow. The time of opening of the 
flowers is not known. The specimens collected in the morning about 11 o’clock 
were as wide open as those taken about sundown. 


Nuttallia laciniata (Rydb.) Wooton & Standley. 
Touterea laciniata Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 565. 1904. 


Nuttallia procera Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial herb, 60 to 100 cm. high, slender, strict, sometimes branching at 
the base; cortex white and papery, smooth except on the young stems; leaves 
small, sessile, oblong, obtuse, 30 to 50 mm, long, about 5 mm. wide, with 5 to 
10 coarse, rounded teeth on each side, very rough with short, stout, white 
barbed hairs; flowers rather small, on slender, terminal peduncles, or the stems 
somewhat corymbosely branched above; sepals narrowly lanceolate, abruptly 
acuminate; petals rather bright yellow, about 1 cm. long, oblanceolate, acute, 
the 5 staminodia narrower and sometimes short-acuminate; outer filaments 
somewhat dilated; capsules oblong-cylindric, 10 to 12 mm. long, 6 or 7 mm. in 
diameter; seeds numerous, disk-shaped, surrounded by a broad wing, white, 
tuberculate. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 516161, collected on the White 
Sands, August 18, 1907, by E. O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley. 

The plant has been collected in the vicinity of the White Sands several times. 
Wooton’s 571, distributed as Mentzelia pumila?, is the same species collected 
on the Sands in 1897. It has also been collected above Tularosa in the White 
Mountains (Wooton 567 in 1897). . 

The species is most nearly related to Nuttallia multiflora, but is of very dif- 
ferent habit, much more slender, and has smaller, less pinnatifid leaves and 
smaller flowers and fruit. 


Nuttallia strictissima Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Fifty to 70 em, high or more; stems simple below, with a few erect branches 
near the top, whitish, scabrous; lower leaves linear or linear-elliptic, acutish, 
scabrous, very shallowly dentate, sessile; uppermost leaves linear or linear- 
lanceolate, reduced and bract-like, crowded, mostly entire, attenuate; calyx 
lobes about 1 em. long, very thick, scabrous with short, stiff, whitish hairs, 
narrowly triangular, attenuate; flowers few; petals 18 to 22 mm. long, linear- 
oblanceolate, very acute, with as many or twice as many petal-like staminodia ; 
stamens numerous, the filaments of the outer ones broad and flattened; cap- 
sules 2 cm. long, 8 mm. in diameter, cylindric, scabrous. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 496766, collected on the Arroyo 
Ranch, near Roswell, in September, 1903, by David Griffiths (no. 5701). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Twenty miles south of Roswell, alt. 1,080 
meters, August, 1900, Farle 317. 

Related to V. multiflora, but distinguished by its strict habit, narrow petals, 
and the peculiar bract-like upper leaves. 


ONAGRACEAE. 


Anogra amplexicaulis Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Stems stout, reddish, much branched, sparingly hirsute and with a sparse, 
fine, cinereous pubescence; lower leaves short-petioled, the upper clasping by an 
auriculate base, oblong-lanceolate, oblong, or triangular-lanceolate, acute, entire 
or runcinate-toothed near the base, green, puberulent and more or less villous ; 


’ 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 151 


calyx tips free; calyx tube slender, 30 to 40 mm. long, villous; sepals 15 to 20 
mm. long, sparingly villous; petals white fading pink, about 13 mm. long; 
pistil slightly exserted; capsules ascending, cylindric, 40 mm. long and 2 or 3 
mm. in diameter. villous. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 497937, collected by O. B. Metcalfe 
on a sandbar along the Mimbres River, July 1, 1904 (no. 1054). 

Very like Anogra neomexicana, but with much smaller flowers, clasping, more 
pubescent leaves, longer capsules, and more pubescent stems. 


Anogra ctenophylla Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Biennial, 30 cm. high or less; stems stout, with divergent branches, densely 
and finely cinereous, often with a few long hairs; leaves 35 to 60 mm. long, 
short-petiolate or sessile, deeply pinnatifid almost to the midrib, the divisions 
elliptic-oblong, acute, densely puberulent and more or less hirsute; tips of the 
calyx lobes free in bud; calyx segments 2 cm. long, densely and minutely 
cinereous, sparingly hirsute; petals 35 to 40 mm. long, white; pistil shorter 
than the petals; capsules ascending, cylindric, 35 mm. long, minutely cinereous 
and hirsute. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 564751, collected near Zuni, in 1902, 
by Mrs. Matilda Coxe Stevenson (no. 99). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Crawfords Ranch, June 21, 1906, Wooton; 
Reserve, July 9, 1906, Wooton; Defiance, June 22, 1883, Marsh 121; Burro 
Mountains, alt. 2,100 meters, August 4, 1906, Blumer 1827; Ruidoso Creek, 
August 20, 1897, Wooton. 

The last two specimens are somewhat doubtful, but probably belong here. 
The species is related to Anogra runcinata, but it has long hairs among the 
appressed pubescence and its leaves are deeply pinnatifid. 


Anogra engelmanni (Small) Wooton & Standley. 

Ocnothera albicaulis trichocalyx Engelm. Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 34: 335. 1862, 
not O. trichocalyr Nutt. 

Anogra pallida engelmanni Small, Bull. Torrey Club 23: 176. 1896. 

The type of this came from Las Vegas, New Mexico, collected by Wislizenus 
in 1846. We have seen only a single additional collection from the State, one 
gathered by Mr. Geo. L. Fisher near Nara Visa in 1910 (no, 54). 


Anogra leucotricha Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Low and spreading or prostrate, with many divergent branches; stems stout, 
densely hirsute, 20 cm. long or less; leaves short-petiolate, 30 to 40 mm. long, 
deeply pinnatifid, the segments triangular-lanceolate and acute, densely strigil- 
lose and somewhat hirsute; calyx tube about 25 mm. long; sepals 15 mm. long, 
finely appressed-pubescent and hirsute; corolla 20 mm. long, white; capsules 
divergent, cylindric, 30 to 40 mm. long, hirsute, 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 690235, collected on the San 
Augustine Plains, July 22, 1904, by E. O. Wooton (no. 2735). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Willard, August 26, 1904, Wooton; plains 
10 miles east of Horse Spring, June 20, 1892, Wooton. 

Related to Anogra engelmanni, but with deeply pinnatifid and short-petiolate 
leaves and different pubescence. 


Anogra runcinata (Engelm.) Wooton & Standley. 
Oenothera albicaulis runcinata Engelm. Amer. Journ. Sci. II, 34: 334. 1862. 
Anogra pallida runcinata Small, Bull. Torrey Club 23: 175. 1896. 
A common species found in almost all parts of New Mexico in the Lower and 
Upper Sonoran zones. 


60541 °—13——4 


152 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Galpinsia camporum Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Low perennial, 15 em. high, from a thick, woody base; stems very numerous, 
simple or branched, slender, flexuous, finely and densely villous, glandular; 
leaves very numerous, green, elliptic-lanceolate, 15 to 20 mm. long, acute, entire 
or nearly so, glandular-pubescent or glandular-puberulent; calyx tube 4 cm. 
long, slender, sparingly glandular or villous; sepals 12 mm. long, slightly villous, 
the free tips 2 mm. long; petals 12 to 18 mm. long, rounded-obovate; capsules 
cylindric, erect, 13 mm. long, soft-pubescent and glandular, 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 564592, collected at Knowles, July 
29, 1909, by E. O. Wooton. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Highest point of the Llano Estacado, June 
17, 1903, Bailey 518; near Causey, August 17, 1909, Wooton; Buchanan, Au- 
gust 12, 1909, Wooton; Hondo Hill, July 28, 1905, Wooton; Nara Visa, October 
2, 1907, W. Belknap. 

The type was collected in sandy soil on the broad plains near Knowles. 
It is similar to Galpinsia greggii and G. lampsana. From the former it is dis- 
tinguished by its larger flowers and the different form of the leaves, and from 
the latter by its much smaller flowers and shorter, less abundant pubescence. 


Galpinsia lampsana (Buckl.) Wooton & Standley. 
Oenothera lampsana Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1861: 454. 1862. 
A common species of western Texas and eastern New Mexico. 


Gaura brassicacea Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Stems numerous, slender, ascending, 90 em. high or less, purplish, densely 
hispid; basal leaves oblanceolate, 5 to 9 ecm. long, sinuate-toothed; cauline 
leaves oblong to oblanceolate, sessile, acutish or obtuse, deeply sinuate-dentate, 
abundantly hirsute, especially along the veins; branches of the inflorescence 
glabrous, slender; bracts broadly obovate, acuminate, short-ciliate; calyx 
glabrous; fruit glabrous, narrowly ovoid, sharply angled, short-stipitate, 8 to 
10 mm. long, acute: 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 45764, collected at Socorro in 
May, 1881, by G. R. Vasey. Another specimen of the same collection is mounted 
on sheet 45763. 


Gaura cinerea Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Probably tall and much branched; stems slender, ascending, covered. with a 
dense, loose, rather stiff pubescence; leaves elliptic or narrowly oblong, 20 to 
25 mm, long, abruptly acuminate with subulate tips, sessile, sinuate-serrate 
below the middle, covered with a dense, coarse, curled pubescence: branches 
of the inflorescence densely cinereous; bracts ovate-lanceolate, with attenuate, 
subulate tips, pubescent; calyx and ovary densely cinereous; fruit on a slender 
cinereous stipe as long as the body. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 382592, collected 20 miles south of 
Roswell, in August, 1900, by F. S. and Esther 8. Earle (no. 538). Altitude 
1,080 meters. 

We have also seen a specimen collected at Big Spring, Texas, in September, 
1881, by Dr. V. Havard. 

Both sheets are in poor condition, showing neither open flowers nor mature 
fruit, but the plants are so distinct that one can not hesitate to describe them. 
The only species with which to compare this is Gaura villosa, but in that the 
branches of the inflorescence are glabrous and the pubescence on the flowers 
and stems is of an entirely different kind. 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 153 


Gaura induta Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Gaura glabra Rydb. in part, not Lehm. 

Low perennial, 30 cm. high or less, with numerous branched, slender, glabrous 
stems: lower leaves lanceolate-oblong, sparingly toothed, acute, sessile, gla- 
brous, the upper ones linear; bracts linear, much exceeding the ovary; calyx tube 
7 or 8 mm. long, it and the lobes densely strigose; petals 6 mm. long, rhombic, 
long-clawed; fruit 5 or 6 mm. long, with a thick stipe, densely and minutely 
cinereous. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 498956, collected on the dry, clay 
hills near Pecos, August 15, 1908, by Paul C. Standley (no. 4933). Altitude 
2,010 meters. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Santa Fe, alt. 2,160 meters, 1897, Heller 
2659 ; 1847, Fendler 231b; Las Vegas, June 24, 1891, Dewey; Sandia Mountains, 
1898, Herrick 276; near Tesuque, August 20, 1904, Wooton; Patterson, August 
15, 1900, Wooton; mouth of Pino Canyon, 1898, Herrick 276; Farmington, alt. 
1,600 meters, 1911, Standley 6919; Cedar Hill, alt. 1,900 meters, 1911, Standley 
7911; Dulce, alt. 2,150 meters, 1911, Standley 8165; Nutritas Creek, alt. 2,250 
meters, 1911, Eggleston 6638; Raton, alt. 2,100 meters, 1911, Standley 6297; 
north of Ramah, July 25, 1906, Wooton; Estancia, September 22, 1907, M. B. 
Atkinson; Hebron, September 21, 1907, C. de Foresta; Santa Fe, 1908, Standley 
4482, 

Most, if not all of the material placed by Doctor Rydberg under Gaura 
glabra in the Flora of Colorado belongs here. That species was described 
as being glabrous, and such a plant is well represented in the National Herba- 
rium by specimens from Montana and adjoining States. Our plant has a.wide 
range outside of New Mexico, extending from Arizona and Utah to Wyoming 
and South Dakota. It occurs chiefly in the low foothills and on the dry plains 
of the Upper Sonoran Zone. 


Gaura glandulosa Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Stems usually numerous, slender, much branched, erect, 90 cm. high or less, 
copiously hirsute; basal leaves oblanceolate, somewhat sinuate-dentate, 7 to 10 
cm. long, slender-petioled; cauline leaves linear or linear-oblong, entire or re- 
motely repand-toothed, pubescent especially on the margins and veins, acute 
to obtuse, bright green, sessile; racemes slender, the branches glabrous except 
among the flowers and buds, there glandular; bracts ovate, acute, ciliolate, 
glandular; calyx tube 5 mm, long, glandular; petals oblanceolate, obtuse, 6 mm. 
long; fruit sessile, broadly ovoid, sharply angled, glabrous, not stipitate. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 561072, collected at Reserve, July 
9, 1906, by E. O. Wooton. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Gila Hot Springs, August 20, 1900, Wooton ; 
eons Fork of the Gila, August 5, 1900, Wooton; Sapello Creek, August 22, 
1900, Wooton; N Bar Ranch, August 2, 1900, Wooton. 

his has always passed as Gaura nealleyi Coulter, but that is a nearly 
glabrous plant with short-stipitate fruit. 


Gaura gracilis Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Stems very slender, with numerous corymbose, ascending branches, 50 to 80 
em. high, villous; cauline leaves linear, 25 to 35 mm. long, entire, bright green, 
glabrous or sparingly puberulent, acute, short-petiolate; branches of the inflo- 
rescence glabrous; bracts ovate, acuminate, ciliolafe, strigillose; calyx tube 4 
mm. long, strigillose; petals 5 mm. long; fruit sessile, elliptic-ovoid, sharply 
angled, glabrous, 7 or 8 mm. long. not stipitate. 

Type in the U. S, National Herbarium, no. 499693, collected at the Forest 
Nursery at Fort Bayard, August 29, 1905, by J. C. Blumer (no. 44), 


154 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Filmore Canyon, September 4, 1897, 
Wooton; Filmore Canyon, alt. 1,800 meters, September 23, 1906, Wooton € 
Standley; Mimbres River, alt. 1,650 meters, 1904, Metcalfe 1088. 


Gaura linearis Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Stems slender, erect or ascending, branched, glabrous; leaves linear, bright 
green, entire, acute, sessile, 10 to 15 mm. long, numerous; branches of the in- 
florescence cinereous-puberulent among the flowers; bracts lanceolate or ovate, 
acuminate, usually less than half as long as the ovary; calyx tube 3 mm. long, 
strigose like the lobes; petals G or 7 mm. long, oblanceolate, obtuse, long- 
clawed; mature fruit not seen, but the ovary densely whitish-strigose. 

Type in the U, 8. National Herbarium, no. 564598, collected on gypsum soil 
near ‘Lakewood, August 6, 1909, by E. O. Wooton. 

Related to Gaura induta, but readily distinguished by the short, broad, acumi- 
nate bracts and narrow leaves. 


Gaura podocarpa Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Stems slender, branched from the base and again above, erect, hirsute, red- 
dish; leaves narrowly oblanceolate or oblong, 4 to 6 cm. long, with a few low, 
repand teeth, acute, the uppermost leaves entire, linear, hirsute along the veins, 
ciliate; branches of the inflorescence glabrous; bracts ovate, acute, ciliolate; 
calyx tube glabrous, 5 mm. long; petals oblanceolate, obtuse, 6 or 7 mm long; 
fruit ovoid, 8 mm. long, acutish, very sharply angled, contracted into a short 
stipe below. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 495277, collected by O. B. Metcalfe 
on Bear Mountain near Silver City, Grant County, June 17, 1903 (no. 166). 
Altitude 1,500 meters. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Fork of the Gila, alt. 2,040 meters, 
1903, Metcalfe 841; West Fork of the Gila, alt. 2,100 meters, August 6, 1900, 
Wooton; Van Pattens, August 29, 1894, Wooton; Filmore Canyon, October 29, 
1904, Wooton. 

The plant also occurs in the Huachuca Mountains of Arizona. 

This, with Gaura strigillosa, G. gracilis, and G. glandulosa, described here, has 
passed as G. suffulta Engelm., a plant originally described from Lindheimer’s 
collections. All four of our plants have much narrower leaves, broader and 
much shorter bracts, smaller flowers, and larger fruit; while each one, in addi- 
tion, differs from that species in other particulars. 


Gaura strigillosa Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Stems slender, ascending, much branched, 60 em, high or less, reddish, hir- 
sute; leaves oblong or linear-oblong, or the uppermost linear, the larger ones 
sinuate-dentate, sessile, acutish, glabrous except for the short-hirsute mid- 
vein and ciliolate margins; branches of the inflorescence glabrous; bracts ovate 
or ovate-lanceolate, acute, strigillose, ciliolate; calyx strigillose, the tube 6 mm. 
long; petals G mm. long; fruit glabrous, narrowly ovoid, sharply angled, short- 
stipitate, 8 mm. long. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 5610738, collected by E. O. Wooton 
at Wingfields Ranch on Ruidoso Creek in the White Mountains, July 8, 1895. 


Lavauxia hamata Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Cespitose perennial with a short, thick stem 5 to 6 em. long; leaves narrowly 
elliptic-lanceolate, deeply and irregularly pinnatifid, the segments acute, attenu- 
ate, long-petioled, bright green, glabrous except along the puberulent margins; 
calyx tube 5 to 7 cm. long, slender, glabrous or nearly so, the lobes 15 to 20 mm. 
long, nearly glabrous; petals 2 cm. long; capsules 20 to 25 mm. long, 10 mm. 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 155 


thick, sharply angled, the angles furnished below the top with stout, divaricate, 
hooked processes, the beak of the capsule stout, the whole finely puberulent. 
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 45766, collected at Socorro, in 
May, 1881, by G. R. Vasey. 
The stout, hooked beak on the wings distinguish this from all our other 
species; otherwise it is similar to Lavauria flava. 


Lavauxia taraxacoides Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Caudex short and thick; leaves 20 to 30 cm. long, narrowly oblanceolate, 
deeply pinnatifid near the base into narrow, acute, distant lobes, the terminal 
portion merely slightly toothed, long-petioled, glabrous; calyx tube 18 to 20 cm. 
long, slender, glabrous; sepals 85 mm. long, glabrous; petals 35 to 40 mm. 
long; capsules oblong, 25 mm. high, acute at the apex, narrowly winged, 
glabrous or slightly puberulent. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 563856, collected in James Canyon 
of the Sacramento Mountains, July 6, 1899, by E. O. Wooton. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tularosa Creek, August 18, 1899, Wooton; 
White Mountain Peak, August 1, 1901, Wooton; James Canyon, June 26, 1899, 
Wooton; White Mountains, alt. 3,000 meters, August 16, 1897, Wooton 664. 

A species readily distinguished by its large leaves and flowers and by its 
lack of pubescence. 


Oenothera irrigua Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Probably a biennial, 2 meters high or less, with very numerous stout, spread- 
ing branches; stems stout, terete, densely and finely canescent, also with 
numerous short, spreading hairs; basal leaves not seen, the cauline ones nar- 
rowly elliptic-lanceolate, 14 en’. long and 2 cm. wide or less, acute, narrowed to 
the base, sessile or on short, winged petioles, obscurely repand-denticulate, 
rather densely appressed-pubescent on both surfaces, grayish green; inflores- 
cence a short, dense raceme; ovary densely strigose; calyx tube rather stout, 
35 to 45 mm. long, strigose; sepals about 40 mm. long, separate when reflexed, 
the tips connivent in bud, 5 to 8 mm. long; petals 385 mm. long, yellow, drying 
purplish red; pistil slightly exserted; mature capsules not seen, but the im- 
mature ones columnar, densely silky-strigose, much exceeded by the floral 
leaves. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 561366, collected in the Mesilla 
Valley, Dona Ana County, in June, 1906, by E. O. Wooton and Paul C. Stand- 
ley. Altitude about 1,150 meters. The plant is very abundant along the banks 
of irrigating ditches and in moist cultivated fields. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mesilla Valley, July 25, 1907, Wooton & 
Standley; Farmington, August 8, 1904, Wooton 2732; Albuquerque, October 18, 
1894, Herrick; Aztec, July 1, 1895, Grigin; Mesilla Valley, [vah Afead,. 

. Aplant similar to O. hookeri, but much larger and more abundantly branched, 
and with very different pubescence. 
Oenothera macrosiphon Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial, 50 cm. high or less, with slender, weak, decumbent branches; 
stems several from each root, branched, hirsute, the hairs rising from 
papille, also minutely cinereous, but sparingly so; cauline leaves lanceolate or 
elliptic-lanceolate, 7 to 9 cm. long, 25 mm. wide or less, undulate, acute, 
cuneate at the base or rounded to a short, winged petiole, sparingly repand- 
denticulate, finely appressed-pubescent, hirsute along the veins, the leaves of 
the inflorescence slightly reduced; flowers few; calyx tube 15 to 19 cm. long, 
2 mm. thick, sparingly pilose; sepals 50 to 60 mm. long, the subulate tips 5 
mm. long or more; pistil and stamens included; petals 50 to 55 mm, long, deep 


156 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


yellow turning purplish; capsules 30 to 40 mm. long, columnar, obtusely angled, 
sparingly hirsute. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 241248, collected in the Organ 
Mountains, August 29, 1894, by E. O. Wooton. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Organ Mountains, alt. 1,860 meters, July 
8, 1897, Wooton 114; Organ Mountains, 1881, Vasey; Van Pattens, June 11, 
1906, Standley; Van Pattens, September 10, 1899, Wooton; Dripping Springs, 
August, 1898, Cockereil. 

A beautiful plant with larger flowers than any other species of the genus. 
It occurs in the Organs in deep, rocky canyons, principally about the edges of 
pools. It has been called O. jamesii, but that species has much smaller flowers 
and abundant, appressed pubescence. 


Oenothera procera Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A slender biennial or perennial, 40 to 100 cm. high; stems simple, sparingly 
and loosely hirsute, also with a few inconspicuous, appressed, curled hairs; 
basal leaves not seen, the cauline ones elliptic-lanceolate or mostly oblanceolate, 
8 to 10 ecm. long, 15 mm. wide or less, acute, narrowed at the base to a slender 
petiole, bright green, thin, entire or faintly repand-denticulate, sparingly 
appressed-pubescent on both surfaces; leaves of the inflorescence considerably 
reduced; racemes short, few-flowered; calyx tube slender, about 25 mm. long, 
loosely pubescent or nearly glabrous; sepals distinct in anthesis, 15 mm. long; 
petals 12 to 14 mm. long, golden yellow fading purplish; pistil not exserted; 
capsule 20 to 25 mm, long, obtusely angled, 3 to 4 mm. thick, sparingly hirsute. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 498579, collected along Winsor 
Creek in the Pecos River National Forest, July 5, 1908, by Paul C. Standley 
(no. 4212). Altitude 2,550 meters. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mouth of Mora River, alt. 2,460 meters, 
July 7, 1908, Standley 4246; Fendler 218; West Fork of the Gila, alt. 2,250 
meters, August 4, 1908, Metcalfe 379; Ruidoso Creek, August 20, 1897, Wooton; 
James Canyon, August 11, 1899, Wooton; Beulah, August, 1899, Cockerell; 
tilmores Ranch, alt. 2,220 meters, August 25, 1907, Wooton & Standley; Pajarito 
Park, August, 1908, Bartlett; Upper Pecos River, 1898, Maltby & Coghill 75; 
Gilmores Ranch, July 14, 1895, Wooton; White Mountain Peak, July 6, 1895, 
Wooton; Harveys Upper Ranch, alt. 2,880 meters, 1908, Standley 4672; Santa 
Fe, 1908, Standley 4523. 

A common plant in the mountains in the Transition Zone. It grows usually 
on moist open slopes, but sometimes along streams. Seldom or never does it 
exceed a meter in height, and the stems ..are invariably. simple. The type 
collection was distributed as O. strigosa Rydb., but that is a plant with much 
larger flowers and different pubescence. Part of the specimens referred to 
Onagra strigosa by Doctor Rydberg in the Flora of Colorado belong here. 


Pachylophus australis Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Acaulescent, cespitose; leaves on short, rather slender petioles, the blades 10 
to 14 em. long, narrowly oblanceolate, abruptly acute, remotely denticulate near 
the apex, toward the base pinnatifid into distant, triangular segments, finely 
cinereous on both surfaces, green; hypanthium tube 14 cm. long, about 12 mm. 
wide in the throat, minutely cinereous; sepals nearly linear, cinereous; petals 
white, obovate, 5 ecm. long; mature capsules not seen, the ovaries densely 
appressed-pubescent. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 690245, collected on the South 
Fork of Tularosa Creek, July 31, 1897, by E. O. Wooton. 

Related to P. montanus (Nutt.) A. Nels., but with much larger flowers and a 
long hypanthium tube. 


£ 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 157 


Pachylophus eximius (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley. 
Oenothera eximia A. Gray, Mem, Amer. Acad. II. 4: 45. 1849. 
Pachylophus exiguus Rydb. Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 100: 246. 1906. 


CORNACEAE. 


Garrya goldmanii Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A low. shrub, 1 meter high or less; young branches densely covered with fine 
curled hair, the pubescence persisting often for several years; leaves small, 40 
mm. long and 20 mm. wide or smaller, usually about 25 mm. long and 12 mm. 
wide, elliptic, narrowed toward the base and the mucronate apex, very thick, 
yellowish green, somewhat crispate, not at all conspicuously veined, pubescent 
on both surfaces, densely so beneath, the hairs long and only slightly curled or 
crinkled; margins of the leaves thickened, yellowish, muriculate; the stout 
petioles 5 to 7 mm. long; fruit in racemes 2 em. long or less, sessile, subtended 
by lanceolate, abruptly acuminate bracts about 7 mm. long; fruit glabrous, ovoid 
to spherical, 6 mm, in diameter or less. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 562808, collected on limestone 
ledges near Queen, New Mexico, July 31, 1909, by E. O. Wooton, Altitude about 
1,770 meters. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: New Mexico—Big Hatchet Mountains, alt. 
2,010 meters, 1908, Goldman 1319, 1318; Sheep Mountain, San Andreas Range, 
1902, Gaut 86. Trxas—Guadalupe Mountains, 1901, Bailey 452; Chisos Moun- 
tains, 1901, Bailey, 371. 

‘In Coulter’s Botany of Western Texas this is referred to as a narrow-leaved 
variety of G. ovata Benth. It is undoubtedly closely related to that species of 
central Mexico, but it differs in its lower growth, and small, narrow, more 
pubescent, crispate leaves. The leaves are much less conspicuously veined than 
in G. ovata and the fruit is much smaller. 


ARALIACEAE. 


Aralia bicrenata Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Somewhat branched herb about 1 meter high; stems stout, sparingly pubescent 
on the older parts, abundantly pubescent on the younger branches; petioles 
long and slender; leaflets ovate, 6 to 8 cm. long, the lower ones 3-parted, 
abruptly acuminate, oblique to cordate at the base, very thin, bright green, 
doubly crenate almost to the base, nearly glabrous above, puberulent beneath, 
especially along the veins; inflorescence much branched; peduncles short, 10 to 
25 mm. long, puberulent; pedicels 7 to 8 mm. long, numerous; bracts linear, 1 
to 2 mm. long; petals ovate, obtuse; ovary glabrous; mature fruit not seen. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 563963, collected near Holts Ranch 
in the Mogollon Mountains, July 20, 1900, by BE. O. Wooton. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mogollon Creek, alt. 2,250 meters, July 23, 
1908, Metcalfe 303; Las Vegas Hot Springs, August, 1901, H. S. Barber 151; 
South Bonito Creek, 2 miles above the forks, 1899, Turner 216; Gallinas Planting 
Station, 1908, Bartlett 301; Sierra Grande, alt. 2,600 meters, 1911, Standley 6136. 

The plant is related to A. pubescens DC. and A. hwmilis Cav. (if they are 
separable species) of Mexico, but it has much larger and thinner leaves, doubly 
instead of simply crenate, the pubescence is much more sparse, and the stems 
are not at all woody. Our plant is also an ally of A. racemosa, but the form of 
the inflorescence is different, the leaves are not deeply cordate at the base, and 
they are not so conspicuously acuminate. 


158 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


APIACEAE. 


Phellopterus utahensis (Jones) Wooton & Standley. 
Cymopterus montanus purpurascens A, Gray in Ives, Rep. Colo. Riv. 15. 1860. 
Cymopterus utahensis Jones, Proce. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 684, 1895. 
Cymopterus utahensis monocephalus Jones, op. cit. 685. 
Phellopterus purpurascens Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 7: 168. 1900. 


Pseudocymopterus filicinus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Roots elongated, 15 mm. thick or more; stems very densely clustered, low, 
20 to 25 cm. high, sparingly branched or nearly simple, slender, glabrous; 
basal leaves very numerous, 20 to 25 em. long; petioles slender, 6 to 8 cm. 
long; blades broadly triangular or rhombie in outline, 8 to 14 em. long and 
usually almost as broad, the length of the lower divisions causing the blades 
to appear ternate; most of the blades thrice parted; ultimate segments linear 
or linear-elliptic, bright green, thin, glabrous, very numerous, crowded, short, 
15 mm. long or less; principal divisions of the leaves appearing sessile because 
of the presence of lobes at their bases; peduncles scarcely exceeding the leaves; 
umbels 15 mm. wide or less, dense, the short branches often puberulent; involu- 
cels linear; flowers bright yellow. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 564352, collected on Bear Moun- 
tain near Silver City, Grant County, June 17, 1908, by O. B. Metcalfe (no. 165). 
Another specimen of the same collection is mounted on sheet 560402, 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mangas Springs, September 1, 1897, Met- 
calfe; Holts Ranch, July 20, 1900, Wooton; Pinos Altos, 1891, Nealley 46, 

A very handsome plant for the family, its leaves strongly suggesting some 
of the ferns. It is distinguished from our other species by the very numerous 
leaves of peculiar form, and by the small umbels usually but slightly exceeding 
the leaves. 


PRIMULACEAE. 


Steironema validulum Greene, sp. nov. 

Stem 30 to 60 cm. high, robust, whitish and somewhat polished, densely 
leafy and floriferous from below the middle; leaves lanceolate or lance-oblong, 
acute, entire, glabrous, only the short, broad petiole fringed, and that loosely 
and coarsely; flowers copious, rather crowded at the ends of the branches; 
sepals ovate-lanceolate, not indistinctly feather-veined above the middle; seg- 
ments of the corolla nearly orbicular, quite as broad as long, shortly cuspidate- 
acute; capsule globose, much shorter than the calyx. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 45865, collected along Oak Creek, 
near Mlagstaff, Arizona, in July, 1884, by J. G. Lemmon and wife. The best 
specimens are from northern Arizona collected by MacDougal, Lemmon, and 
others. One sheet of not very good specimens from McKinneys Park in the 
Mogollon Mountains, collected by O. B. Metcalfe, seems to represents the species 
in New Mexico. 


OLEACEAE. 


Menodora laevis Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A low perennial about 25 em. high, from a thick, woody root; stems slender, 
woody below, very numerous, simple below, corymbosely branched above, bright 
green and shining, glabrous, angled; leaves obovate to lanceolate, 15 mm. long 
or less, obtuse or acute, contracted at the base into a short petiole, glabrous; 
pedicels about 5 mm. long, glabrous; tube of the calyx 1.5 mm. high, the 7 to 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 159 


10 lobes linear, acute, glabrous, 5 to 6 mm. long; tube of the corolla very 
short, the lobes obovate, 8 or 9 mm. long, acute; capsules glabrous, 7 or 8 
mm. high. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 45767, collected in the Organ 
Mountains in August, 1881, by G. R. Vasey. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: La Luz Canyon, August 27, 1901, Wooton; 
Duck Creek Flats, 1903, Metcalfe 770. 

The type was distributed as VM. scoparia Engelm., but that has fewer, shorter 
calyx lobes. The species is more closely related to J/. scabra, but differs in 
being glabrous throughout instead of scabrous. 


GENTIANACEAE, 


Dasystephana rusbyi (Greene) Wooton & Stamdley. 
Gentiana rusbyi Greene; A. Gray, Syn. FI. 2': 406. 1878. 


APOCYNACEAE. 


Apocynum angustifolium Wooton, sp. noy. 

Stems slender, tall, much branched, the branches strongly ascending, glabrous ; 
leaves narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 7 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm, wide, glabrous, 
bright green on both surfaces, acute or rather abruptly acute, mucronate, acute 
at the base or the lowest rounded, all at least short-petioled, the upper with 
petioles 5 mm. long; cymes few, densely flowered, on slender peduncles 8 to 5 em. 
long; bracts small, linear-lanceolate, attenuate, somewhat scarious; calyx 1.5 mm. 
long or less, glabrous, the lobes lanceolate, acute; corolla greenish white, 3 to 
3.5 mm. long, narrow, with short, erect lobes; follicles slender, 9 to 12 cm. long, 
3 to 4 mm. in diameter, glabrous. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 564822, collected in the Gila 
River bottom near Cliff, Grant County, June 13, 1903, by O. B. Metcalfe (no. 
182). Altitude 1,350 meters. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mimbres, alt. 1,650 meters, July 1, 1904, 
Metcalfe 1070; Lower Plaza, July 25, 1900, Wooton; Eagle Creek, 1899, Turner 
129. . 

A very distinct species of the cannabinum group, distinguished by its narrow, 
bright green leaves, nearly all of them acute at the base. 


Apocynum viride Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Plant 1 meter high or more, with numerous erect, slender, glabrous branches ; 
leaves narrowly elliptic-oblong, bright green, glabrous, 6 to 10 cm, long, 15 to 
30 mm. wide, acute or abruptly short-acuminate, rounded or acutish at the base, 
on slender petioles 3 mm. long or less; cymes few, compact, 80 to 385 mm. wide, 
many-flowered, on slender peduncles 15 to 30 mm. long; bracts linear, thin; calyx 
1 to 1.5 mm. wide, glabrous, with lanceolate, acute lobes; corolla 2 to 3 mm. 
long, pinkish, glabrous, with short, erect lobes, 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 499829, collected at Gilmores 
Ranch on Eagle Creek in the White Mountains, Lincoln County, August 25, 
1907, by E. O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley (no. 3451). Altitude 2,220 meters. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Farmington, alt. 1,550 meters, 1911, Stfand- 
ley 6970; Cedar Hill, alt. 1,900 meters, 1911, Standley 8003; Las Vegas, July, 
1881, Vasey; near Pecos, alt. 2,010 meters, 1908, Standley 5044; Reserve, July 
9, 1906, Wooton; Fresnal, July 21, 1899, Wooton; Sapello Creek, August 22, 
1900, Wooton; Gilmores Ranch, July 27, 1901, Wooton. 

Similar to A. cannabinum L., but differing in its narrow, bright green, 
glabrous leaves, aS well as in other minor characters. 


160 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DICHONDRACEAE. 


Dichondra brachypoda Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from a slender root; stems slender, creeping, 50 cm. long or less, 
seldom rooting at the nodes, villous; petioles slender, erect, 12 to 80 mm. 
long, villous; blades reniform, with broadly rounded lobes and a narrow sinus, 
emarginate, 2 to 3 cm. wide, bright green, pubescent on both surfaces, more 
densely so beneath; pedicels stout, 4 or 5 mm. long; sepals oblong-obovate, 
rounded at the apex, 3 to 4 mm. long, villous; capsules pubescent, 4.5 mm. high, 
much exceeding the calyx at maturity. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 564085, collected in Filmore 
Canyon in the Organ Mountains, high up in deep ravines, September 23, 1906, 
by E, O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley. Altitude about 1,800 meters, 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: New MeExtco—Kingston, alt. 2.010 meters, 
1904, Metcalfe 1377; Organ Mountains, 1890, Wooton; Queen, alt. 1,770 meters, 
July 31, 1909, Wooton; Mexican Boundary Survey 1005; 1851-2, Wright 1620. 
TEexas—1849, Wright 515, 516. 

A most distinct species, evidently related to D. caroliniana Michx. That, how- 
ever, has smaller leaves, much longer petioles and pedicels, and its capsules 
are shorter than the calyx. 


POLEMONIACEAE. 


Eriastrum Wooton & Standley, nom. noy. 
Hugelia Benth. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 19: pl. 1622. 1833, not DC. 1830. 
Gilia section Hugelia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 271. 1870. 


Eriastrum filifolium (Nutt.) Wooton & Standley. 
Gilia filifolia Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. n. ser. 1: 156. 1848. 
Navarretia filifolia Brand in Engl. Pflanzenreich 27: 167. 1907. 


Gilia brachysiphon Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from a usually slender root; stems stout, 15 to 50 em. high, 
cinereous-tomentulose, simple or branched; leaves petiolate, pinnately parted 
into linear, spinulose-tipped segments, cinereous to glabrate; inflorescence 
thyrsiform, often short and somewhat congested, in age elongated, the flowers 
collected in small, pedunculate, close clusters; calyx 8 to 4 mm. long, villous, 
sparingly viscid, with lanceolate-subulate, spinescent lobes nearly as long as 
the tube; corolla bluish, 8 to 10 mm, long, the tube usually not at all exserted, 
about equaled by the oblong, apiculate lobes; stamens exserted ; capsules obtuse, 
4 mm. long. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 561092, collected at Van Pattens 
Camp in the Organ Mountains, August 29, 1894, by FE. O. Wooton. The plant 
is not uncommon in this range, growing on slopes near the summit, in the thin 
shade of yellow pines. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kingston, alt. 1,980 meters, 1904, Metcalfe 
1269; near Carlisle, August 13, 1902, Wooton; mountains southeast of Patter- 
son, August 16, 1900, Wooton; Filmore Canyon, September 20, 1908, Wooton & 
Standley ; Organ Mountains, September 4, 1898, Cockerell, September 23, 1906, 
Wooton & Standley, in 1897, Wooton 440. 

This is related to G. multiflora, but the corolla is very different, the tube 
in that species equaling the lobes, while in G. brachysiphon it is often shorter. 


Gilia campylantha Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 
Perennial with numerous clustered stems from running rootstocks; stems 
tall, 30 em. high, very slender, densely tomentulose; leaves numerous, pecti- 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXiIco. 161 


nately parted into linear, abruptly acuminate, aristate-tipped lobes, tomentose 
or tomentulose, petiolate; flowers numerous, in few-flowered pedunculate or 
sessile clusters arranged in a secund, raceme-like thyrse; pedicels short; calyx 
83 mm. long, green, only slightly scarious, puberulent, cleft to the middle or 
lower into triangular-subulate, pungently pointed lobes; corolla white, the 
tube about 8 mm. long, thick, sharply bent downward just above the calyx, the 
lobes elliptic-oblong, obtuse, narrowed at the base into a short claw, about 4 
mm. long. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 233429, collected in the San Luis 
Mountains, September 11, 1893, by Dr. E, A. Mearns (no. 2242). 

A remarkable species, distinguished from all the related ones by its small, 
white flowers and the peculiarly formed corolla tube. Otherwise it suggests 
G. glomeriflora Benth., but that has a very different calyx besides. 


Gilia formosissima (Greene) Wooton & Standley. 
Callisteris formosissima Greene, Leaflets 1: 160. 1905. 
Batanthes formosissima Greene, op. cit. 224. 1906. 


Gilia greeneana Wooton & Standley, nom. nov. 
Callisteris collina Greene, Leaflets 1: 159. 1905, not Gilia collina Eastwood. 
Batanthes collina Greene, op. cit. 224. 1906. 
Gilia attenuata collina Cockerell, Univ. Mo, Stud. Sci. 27: 197, 1911. 


Gilia texana (Greene) Wooton & Standley. 
Callisteris texana Greene, Leaflets 1: 160. 1905. 
Batanthes texana Greene, op. cit. 224. 1906. 


Gilia viscida Wooton & Standley, nom. nov. 
Gilia pinnatifida Nutt.; A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 276. 1870, not Moc. & 
Sessé, 1837. 


Phlox grayi Wooton & Standley. 

Phlox longifolia stansburyi forma brevifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 
255. 1870. 

Phlox longifolia brevifolia A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 183. 1878, not P. brevifolia 
Baum. 

This plant is distinct enough from both P. longifolia and P, stansburyi to 
receive specific rank; in fact, it is much more distinct from those species than 
are most of the members of the genus from each other. It is marked chiefly by 
its lower habit, more branched stems, and especially by the short, broad, rather 
crowded leaves. The corollas of our New Mexican specimens have a very small 
limb, only about 13 mm. wide and each lobe of the limb is retuse rather than 
rounded, as in most of our species. 


Phlox tenuis Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Slender perennial 15 to 20 cm. high; stems numerous, erect, tortuous, finely 
villous, slightly glandular; internodes long; leaves linear, 35 to 65 mm. long, 
divaricate, acute, villous; pedicels slender, 12 to 30 mm. long, glandular-villous ; 
calyx 12 to 14 mm. high, densely glandular-villous, the linear-subulate lobes 
about as long as the tube; corolla tube only slightly exceeding the calyx; 
corolla lobes cuneate-oblanceolate, 13 to 14 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, broadly 
rounded at the apex; fruit not seen. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 306405, collected at Barranca, 
Taos County, May 26, 1897, by A. A. and E. Gertrude Heller (no. 3589). Alti- 
tude 2,070 meters. ; 

On the same sheet with the type, and distributed under the same number, 
are plants of what appear to be P. stansburyi. The collection was distributed 


162 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


under that name. Our plant, however, is very unlike P. stansburyi, having the 
corolla tube only slightly longer than the calyx instead of twice as long, while 
the leaves are larger and more slender, and the corolla lobes longer and 
narrower. 

Baker’s no. 60 from Cerro Summit, Colorado, is apparently the same species, 


HYDROPHYLLACEAE. 


Marilaunidium foliosum Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Annual, 12 to 30 em. high; stems with very numerous, dense, spreading 
branches, these rather stout, hirsute and puberulent; leaves obovate to oblanceo- 
late or broadly oblong, very numerous especially about the inflorescence, obtuse, 
acute at the base, sessile, flat, glandular throughout, hispid on the upper sur- 
face; flowers very numerous, in terminal or axillary clusters, sessile or nearly 
so; calyx 5 or 6 mm. long, the linear lobes coarsely hirsute; corolla about 7 mm. 
long, purple, the very short tube much exceeded by the calyx, the lobes broad 
and rounded; seeds very numerous, minute, ovoid, with a thin, rugulose coat. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 480933, collected by F. S. Earle 
on saltgrass flats near Roswell, August 30, 1900 (no, 531). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Roswell, alt. 1,140 meters, 1900, Harle 558; 
near Lake Arthur, August 1, 1905, Wooton; Fort Stanton, July 26, 1905, Wooton. 

This was distributed as Nama stenocarpum A. G ‘ay, but that is a prostrate 
plant with decurrent leaves and different pubescence. It is more closely re- 
lated, perhaps, to Marilaunidium hispidum, but that, too, has more abundant 
pubescence, narrower leaves, and different corollas, 


Marilaunidium tenue Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Annual; stems slender, with few erect branches, 9 cm. high or less, puberulent 
and hirsutulous; leaves few, linear-spatulate, obtuse, 16 mm. long or less, nar- 
rowed at the base into a short petiole, hirtellous, glindular, the margins revo- 
lute; flowers few, axillary or cymulose, on slender pedicels 1 to 4 mm. long; 
calyx 3 mm. long in anthesis, increasing in size in age, the lobes linear, green, 
hirsute; corolla 4 to 5 mm, long, light blue, with a thick tube and narrow limb ; 
capsules glabrous, two-thirds as long as the calyx; seeds few, brown, pitted. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 498090, collected on limestone hills 
3 miles south of Hillsboro, Sierra County, by O. B. Metcalfe, September 6, 1904 
(no, 1291). Altitude 1,500 meters, 

This was originally determined as Conanthus demissus (A. Gray) Heller, 
with which it has nothing to do. It is more closely related to Marilaunidium 
angustifolium, but is a lower, more slender plant, scarcely at all viscid, with 
longer corolla and much shorter calyx, and shorter floral leaves. 


Marilaunidium xylopodum Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from a very thick, woody root; stems numerous, slender, sparingly 
branched, ascending, 8 em. long or less, hispid; leaves numerous, oblanceolate 
or oblong, acute, mostly flat, attenuate to the base, glandular, hispid; flowers 
few, cymulose, short-pedicellate; calyx 2.5 to 4 mm. long, with linear-subulate, 
hispid lobes; corolla purple, 6 or 7 mm, long, with a very thick tube not ex- 
ceeding the calyx, the lobes somewhat spreading, rounded; capsule about half 
as long as the calyx. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 564567, collected in crevices of 
limestone rocks near Queen, July 31, 1909, by E. O. Wooton. Altitude about 
1,770 meters. 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 163 


We have another specimen of the species collected in the same range of 
mountains (the Guadalupes) but across the line in Texas, in October, 1881, by 
Dr. V. Havard. 

This differs from all our other New Mexican species in being perennial. It 
does not seem to be closely related to any of the perennial species found else- 
where. 


Phacelia bombycina Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Annual, 12 to 20 cm. high; stems few, stout, nearly scapose, hirsute and 
glandular-puberulent; basal leaves on stout petioles 4 to 5 cm. long, obtuse, 
pinnatifid into oblong-ovate, rounded, crenate lobes, sericeous and glandular 
on both surfaces; cauline leaves few or absent. petiolate, lobed; inflorescence 
narrow, With few branches; flowers numerous, crowded, on very short, stout 
pedicels; sepals oblong, obtuse, 2.5 mm. long or less, glandular-hirsute; corolla 
5 to 6 mm, long, the lobes rounded, entire; stamens much exserted; styles hairy 
below; capsules subglobose, 2 to 2.5 mm. in diameter, hirtellous and glandular; 
seeds 1.5 mm. long, dark brown, finely pitted on the back. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 45771, collected on “ gravelly 
banks” at Mangas Springs in March or April, 1880, by H. H. Rusby (no. 276). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bear Mountains, alt. 1500 meters, 1903, 
Metcalfe 75. 

» Similar in general appearance to P, intermedia, but with hirsute pubescence, 
silky leaves, and narrower calyx lobes, 


Phacelia depauperata Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Annual, 6 cm. high or less; stems erect, slender or stout, simple or branched 
at the base, densely glandular-puberulent and hirsute; leaves linear-oblong in 
outline, 35 mm. long or less, once pinnatifid, the oblong-oval segments crenate 
or lobed, obtuse, scaberulous and glandular on both surfaces; inflorescence 
short and dense; pedicels stout, less than 1 mm. long; calyx 2 mm. long, the 
segments rounded-obovate, hirsute and glandular-puberulent; corolla 5 mm. long, 
the lobes broadly rounded, undulate-margined ; stamens much exserted. 

Type in the J. S. National Herbarium, no. 496292, collected on the Arroyo 
Ranch, near Roswell, in 1903 by David Griffiths (no. 4249). 

This was determined as P. arizonica, but it differs from that species in its 
much longer flowers, the form of the calyx lobes, and the character of the 
pubescence. 


Phacelia tenuipes Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Annual, 15 to 20 em. high; stems slender, with a few ascending branches 
above the base, hirsute and sparingly glandular; lower leaves broadly oblong, 
with a few small lobes near the base, the terminal part lobed and crenate, 
sparingly sericeous or with spreading pubescence on both surfaces and glandu- 
jar, all the leaves petioled; upper leaves rather numerous, ovate, obtuse, crenate 
or lobed; inflorescence open, slender, few-flowered, the flowers not crowded, at 
least in age; pedicels slender, 2 or even 3 mm. long; calyx lobes oblong, obtuse, 
2.5 mm. long, hirsute, glandular; corolla about 4 mm. long, the lobes rounded, 
entire; stamens well exserted; style hirsute near the base; capsules globose, 
shorter than the sepals, hirtellous, glandular. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 45770, collected at Carrizalillo 
Spring, April 17, 1892, by Dr. E. A. Mearns (no. 91). 

Related to P. bombycina, but a more slender planf. with much longer pedicels, 
fewer flowers and very different leaves. 


164 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


EHRETIACEAE. 


Eddya gossypina Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from a somewhat woody base; stems stout, prostrate, 20 cm. long, 
densely canescent; leaves spatulate, thick and fleshy, 8 mm. long or less, on 
slender petioles, obtuse, the blades hispid and short-pubescent, the petioles 
densely canescent; floral leaves crowded, densely white-villous; flowers few, 
axillary, sessile or nearly so; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, white-villous, 3 mm. 
long; corolla purplish, 10 mim. long. with a spreading limb, the rounded lobes 
with nearly entire margins; stamens unequally inserted, unequal, the bases of 
the filaments much enlarged and filling the tube of the corolla; style 2-parted at 
the top, glabrous; mature fruit not seen. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 690234, collected on Tortugas 
Mountain, September 2, 1894, by E. O. Wooton. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tortugas Mountain, 1911, Standley 6439. 

In general this resembles HF. hispidissima, but has a white, cottony appear- 
ance very different from that species, while the corolla is much larger and the 
stamens are somewhat different. 


BORAGINACEAE. 
Lappula grisea Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Biennial from a short, thick taproot; stems stout, 80 em. high or less, simple 
below, canescent; basal leaves numerous, narrowly oblanceolate, obtuse, 3 to 
5 cm. long; cauline leaves narrowly oblanceolate to linear-oblong, obtuse or 
acute, 25 to 40 mm. long, the upper sessile, the lower attenuate to a broad, 
winged petiole; all densely canescent on both surfaces, the hairs with large, 
white, bulbous bases; inflorescence sparse, with slender, loosely few-flowered, 
erect ‘branches; bracts very small, lanceolate; pedicels 3 to 4 mm. long; sepals 
ovate, obtuse; corolla blue, small, 2.5 mm. long; nutlets small, 2.5 mm. long, 
the prickles as long as the body, free to the base, the back of the nutlets 
papillose. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 562188. collected in James Canyon 
of the Sacramento Mountains, August 6, 1905, by E. O. Wooton. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tularosa Creek, alt. 2040 meters, July 30, 
1897, Wooton 252. 

Apparently a recognizable species, distinguished from the related L. flori- 
bunda by its grayish appearance, caused chiefly by the enlarged white bases of 
the hairs. The pubescence, too, is more abundant, longer, stiffer, and harsher 
than in any of the related species. 


Lappula hirsuta Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Biennial from a short tap-root; stems stout. erect, a meter high or less, 
coarsely appressed-pubescent, more or less hirsute above, simple up to the in- 
florescence; basal leaves narrowly spatulate, obtuse, long-petiolate, 10 em. long 
or less; cauline leaves narrowly oblanceolate to oblong, 5 to 8 cm. long, acute, 
sessile by a rounded base, or the lower ones attenuate to a winged petiole, 
canescent or appressed-pubescent on both surfaces, glandular, long-ciliate; in- 
florescence with numerous slender, ascending branches, the racemes long and 
distantly flowered; bracts elliptic or lanceolate, small; pedicels 4 to 8 mm. 
long; sepals narrowly oblong. obtuse; corolla deep blue, 8 mm. broad, the lobes 
orbicular, the appendages finely papillose; marginal bristles of the nutlets sepa- 
rate to the base. about equaling the body, this nearly smooth on the back but 
minutely hirtellous. 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 165 


Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 306419, collected by A. A. and 
E. Gertrude Heller in Santa Fe Canyon, 9 miles east of Santa Fe, July 2, 1897 
(no. 3793). Altitude about 2,400 meters; Transition Zone. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Gallinas Planting Station, 1908, Bartlett 
302; mountains near Las Vegas, July, 1881, Vasey; Winsors Ranch, alt. 2.520 
meters, 1908, Standley 4106; 1847, Fendler 6383; Beulah, 1899, Porter; Water 
Canyon, 1897, Herrick 750; Upper Pecos River, September, 1904, Bartlett, in 
1898, Maltby & Coghill 66; Beulah, 1899, Helen Blake; Mogollon Creek, alt. 
2,400 meters, 1908, Metcalfe 249. 

Related to ZL. floribunda, but differing in its hirsute pubescence and larger 
flowers. Mr. C. V. Piper was the first to suggest’ that this might be a distinct 
species. Fendler’s specimens were referred by Doctor Gray’ to LZ. ursina, but 
this has nothing to do with that species. 


Mertensia amplifolia Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from a thick rootstock; stems several, erect, stout, 25 to 35 em. 
high, retrorsely appressed-pubescent, simple, or branched above the base, with 
loosely ascending branches above; basal leaves lance-oblong, 11 em. long and 
5 cm. wide or smaller, acutish, unequal at the base and somewhat decurrent 
upon the slender petiole, 9 cm. long or less; cauline leaves very numerous, the 
upper ones little reduced, lanceolate, sessile, or the lowest petiolate, 5 to 9 cm. 
long, acute, rounded at the base, all the leaves finely appressed-pubescent on 
both surfaces; inflorescence ample, very leafy, the branches slender, few- 
flowered, strigose; pedicels slender, about 10 mm. long; calyx in anthesis 5 mm. 
high, in age about twice as long, cleft to about the middle, the lobes triangular- 
lanceolate, acute, strigose; corolla 10 mm. long, the limb about 4 mm. and the 
tube 1.5 mm. wide, the limb and tube about equal in length, the throat with a 
ring of short hairs; nutlets 2 to 3 mm. long, dark brown, minutely papillose. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 45768, collected at Glorieta, June, 
1881, by G. R. Vasey. Additional material of the same collection is mounted on 
sheet 45769. 

Our plant is related to M. bakeri Greene, but is larger, has larger leaves of 
different shape, is less pubescent, and has much smaller flowers. 


Mertensia grandis Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from a slender rootstock; stem stout, fleshy, erect or ascending, 
glabrous, 40 to 100 cm. high; leaves ovate to lanceolate, rather fleshy, acute, 
rounded at the base, 8 to 18 cm. long, the basal long-petioled, the cauline sessile, 
the uppermost reduced, glabrous beneath and glaucescent, scaberulous on the 
upper surface; inflorescence rather ample, the slender branches white-strigose ; 
pedicels stout, 8 to 12 mm. long, strigose; calyx 4 to 5 mm. high, cleft to near 
the base, the lobes oblong, obtuse, glabrous or strigose, ciliate, the tube strongly 
strigose, the whole enlarging in age; corolla bright blue, 12 to 17 mm. long, 
the limb 5 to 9 mm. wide, much shorter than the tube, the latter 2.5 to 5 mm. 
thick, the throat with a ring of short hairs. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 498109, collected on a shaded slope 
of Hillsboro Peak, in the Black Range, September 11, 1904, by O. B. Metcalfe 
(no. 1819). Altitude 2,550 meters. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Holts Ranch, July 20, 1900, Wooton ; 
Mogollon Mountains, August, 1881, Rusby 291; Hagle Peak, August 2, 1900, 
Wooton; Mogollon Creek, alt. 2,250 meters, July 28, 1903, Metcalfe 302. 


*Bull. Torrey Club 29:545. 1902. 
* Syn. FI. 2':422. 1878. 


166 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 

Related to M. ciliata (Torr.) Don, but with a larger, differently formed and 
abundantly pubescent calyx. It is a larger plant, too, than most of our western 
Mertensias. It is related also to J/. franciscana Heller, but the corolla and 
calyx are very different. 


Oreocarya urticacea Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from a woody caudex covered by the bases of the dead leaves; 
stems very stout, about 30 cm. high, hispid and densely canescent, simple up to 
the inflorescence; basal leaves spatulate, rounded at the apex, 7 to 9 cm. long, 
petiolate, green but hirsute and finely canescent; cauline leaves narrowly oblan- 
ceolate, obtuse, attenuate to a winged petiole, very numerous; inflorescence a 
dense, narrow thyrse with numerous linear-lanceolate or linear-oblong, strongly 
hispid leaves, its branches densely setose-hispid with yellowish hairs; lateral 
glomerules of the inflorescence on peduncles 10 to 35 mm. long, the flowers in 
very dense clusters; calyx lobes nearly linear, 6 mm. long, densely hispid; 
corolla white, 5 or 6 mm. long, the tube shorter than the calyx; mature fruit 
not seen, 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 306425, collected at Canyoncito, 
Sante Fe County, June 18, 1897, by A. A. and E. Gertrude Heller (no. 3781). 
Altitude 2,160 meters. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Glorieta, June, 1881, Vasey; Sierra Grande, 
alt. 2,200 meters, 1911, Standley GO56. 

The type collection was distributed as O. glomerata (Pursh) Greene, but that 
is a lower, rather less hispid plant with a dense, spike-like inflorescence and 
broader leaves. Our plant is also related to O. perennis (A, Nels.) Rydb., but 
differs from that species in about the same manner as from O. glomerata. 


VERBENACEAE. 


Verbena imbricata Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Erect plant, 35 em. high, with numerous strict, herbaceous stems from the 
crown of a stout, woody root, sparingly hispid throughout; leaves cuneate- 
obovate in outline, 3 em. long or less, pinnately 3-lobed, the middle lobe largest 
and pinnately toothed or lobed, decurrent below into a short petiole; flowers fn 
crowded, bracted spikes resembling those of V. bracteosa but more crowded and 
the bracts shorter; bracts lanceolate, 5 to 10 mm. long; fruiting calyx barely 3 
mm. long; corolla deep blue, about 4 mm. long, shorter than the bracts; nutlets 
as in V. bracteosa. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 562249, collected at’ Farmington, 
August 8, 1904, by E, O. Wooton (no. 2831). 

This may possibly be a hybrid between V. bracteosa and some erect species, 
but this seems improbable, since no species is found in that general region that 
would be likely to hybridize with V. bracteosa to produce such a plant as this. 


MENTHACEAE. 


Agastache cana (Hook.) Wooton & Standley. 

Cedronella cana Hook. Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 4678, 1851. 

Cedronelia cana lanceolata A. Gray, Syn. Fl 21: 462. 1878, in part. 

Brittonastrum lanceolatum Heller, Mublenbergia 1: 4. 1900. 

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Headwaters of the Pecos, August, 1905, Bartlett; 
hills near Santa Rita, October 9, 1904, Metcalfe; Hillsboro, alt. 1,650 meters, 
1904, Jfetcaife 1015; Organ Mountains, August, 1881, Vasey; Dona Ana Moun- 
tains, October 28, 1906, Wooton & Standley; Organ Mountains, alt. 1,660 meters, 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 167 


1897, Wooton 437; San Augustine Ranch, alt. 1,740 meters, August 16, 1895 
Wooton; Soledad Canyon, September 24, 1905, Wooton. 

This is without doubt the plant which Hooker described and figured as 
Cedronella cana. The locality cited in Wright’s field notes indicates that the 
type was collected in the low mountains, probably the Huecos, about 30 miles 
east of El Paso, possibly near the Hueco Tanks, which were then a watering 
place on the route leading across the plains from El Paso, the one probably fol- 
lowed by Wright’s party. The Organ Mountains, where we first found this 
plant, are the next chain to the northwest, and only a little farther away than 
El Paso. The plant collected by G. R. Vasey and referred to by Doctor Gray in 
his description of Cedronella cana lanceolata is C. cana from the Organ Moun- 
tains, in all probability. This is the only Agastache in the National Herbarium 
collected by Vasey, and this herbarium should contain specimens of all his 
collections. We have not seen the Wright specimen referred to by Gray in his 
description of lanceolata, which was probably his no. 1533, collected at Santa 
Rita. The Rusby plant from Mangas Springs that deserves the name of 
lanceolata is Cedronella rupestris, an excellent species which has been collected 
several times since in the immediate region. The Burro Mountain plant col- 
lected by Bigelow is also that species. 


Agastache greenei (Brig.) Wooton & Standley. 

Brittonastrum greenei Briq. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 6: 157. 1902. 

We do not agree with Doctor Rydberg in considering this a synonym of A. 
pallidifora (Heller) Rydb. A rather extended series of the Arizona plant 
from various localities and also from western New Mexico in the Mogollon 
Mountains, shows that it has a green calyx and pale whitish flowers, while A. 
greenei has the calyx teeth and upper part of the tube decidedly pink or pur- 
plish tinged and the corolla also brighter colored. Besides these more con- 
spicuous calyx differences, the corollas in A. greenei are noticeably longer, 
more arched, and wider at the throat. These differences in color and size of 
corolla and calyx and noticeable ones in the calyx teeth seem to be the most 
important diagnostic characters in a group of closely related but distinct 
species which have until recently been considered as belonging to two or three 
very variable ones. 


Agastache mearnsii Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Herbaceous, branched perennial, about 70 cm. high, with several erect stems 
from the base, finely puberulent throughout; stems distinctly quadrangular, 
suleate above, below almost terete; petioles mostly 10 to 12 mm. long; blades 
25 to 50 mm. long, about two-thirds as broad, triangular to hastate, sometimes 
ovate, mostly truncate at the base, acute to abruptly short-acuminate, coarsely 
crenate-dentate, finely and closely puberulent beneath and pale; flowers numer- 
ous, in crowded, terminal, spike-like clusters 10 cm. long and 3 to 4 cm. wide 
when in full flower; peduncles and pedicels 2 or 3 mm. long, the linear-subulate 
bracts about 5 mm. long; calyx tubular, reddish purple, 10 to 12 mm. long, the 
triangular-subulate, almost equal teeth fully 2 mm. long, erect; corolla about 
20 mm. long, reddish purple, somewhat arched, puberulent outside, the upper 
lip retuse, the lower 3-lobed; stamens 4, the longer pair exceeding the corolla; 
nutlets brown, scabrous at the apex. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 233421, collected in a canyon on 
the east side of the San Luis Mountains in extreme southwestern New Mexico, 
nearly on the Mexican boundary line, September 11, 18938, by Dr. HE, A. Mearns 
(no. 2251). 


60541°—13——5 


168 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Animas Valley, 1893, Mearns 2502; Burro 
Mountains, alt. 2190 meters, 1908, Goldman 1517; Pinos Altos Mountains, Sep- 
tember 10, 1880, Greene. 

This is one of the species of southern New Mexico and northern Mexico 
which has been passing as Cedronella mexicana, a much larger plant with 
larger flowers from some hundreds of miles farther south. It is nearest to 
Brittonastrum barberi and B. ionocalyr Robinson, both of which have larger 
corollas, the former a longer calyx and the latter a shorter one, and both much 
broader and relatively shorter calyx teeth. The species is named for Dr. E. A. 
Mearns, whose extensive collections along the Mexican boundary have added 
records of many little known species to the flora of New Mexico. 


Agastache micrantha (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley. 
, Cedronella micrantha A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 369, 1872. 


Agastache verticillata Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial herb, 40 to 80 cm. high, branched, puberulent throughout, green, the 
younger stems sulcate-quadrangular, slightly scabrous; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 
the blades 2 to 4 cm, long, on petioles 10 to 15 mm. long, rather thin, slightly 
paler beneath, the margins distantly and coarsely crenate-dentate, broadly 
cuneate or truncate at the base, the apex acute and somewhat attenuate in the 
upper leaves; flowers small for the genus, in an interrupted, verticillate spike 
10 to 12 cm. Jong, the verticels crowded, the internodes slightly longer than the 
fruiting calyces; peduncles and pedicels very short, 1 to 2 mm., the linear 
bracts but little longer; calyx tubular. 5 to 6 mm. long, the subulate lobes about 
one-fourth as long, unequal, two of them shorter than the others, the tube green 
below, the lobes purple; corolla slender, 10 to 12 mm. long, pale, slightly, if at 
all, curved; nutlets smooth. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium. no. 561455, collected in the Organ 
Mountains, altitude about 2,250 meters, September 23, 1906, by E. O. Wooton 
and Paul C. Standley. 

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED: Organ Mountains, August, 1881, Vasey; 
Organ Mountains, August 16, 1895, Wooton; Filmore Canyon, October 23, 1904, 
Wooton; West Fork of the Gila, altitude 2.250 meters, 1908, Metcalfe 348; West 
Fork of the Gila, August 6, 1900, Wooton; Old Tiptop. Organ Mountains, Octo- 
ber 18, 1903, Metcalfe. 

This species is nearest A. wrightii, but is easily Separated. The flowers are 
about twice as large, the calyx lobes are purple instead of white, and the leaves 
are larger and have fewer teeth. The dried calyces of the different species of 
the genus have different odors when pulverized. This species gives a pro- 

.houned odor of camphor. 


Agastache wrightii (Greenman) Wooton & Standley. ; 
Cedronella wrightii Greenman, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 244. 1905. 
Brittonastrum wrightii Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 48: 26. 1907. 


Hedeoma pulcherrima. Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial herb, much branched, from a woody root, the stems slender, dif- 
fusely ascending. finely and sparingly puberulent throughout, about 30 em. high; 
leaves opposite, elliptic-oblong, 2 cm. long or less, the largest 7 mm. wide, taper- 
ing below into a short petiole, rather thin, green, obtuse, entire; flowers large 
for the genus, in 1 to 5-flowered cymose clusters in the axils of the leaves, the 
upper internodes and leaves somewhat reduced; floral bracts linear-lanceolate, 
hardly longer than the short (1 to 2 mm. long) pedicels; calyx 6 to 7 mm. long, 
15-ribbed, slightly constricted above the middle, sparingly hispidulous, the three 
upper lobes triangular-lanceolate, about 1 mm. long, the two lower ones subu- 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXxiIco. 169 


late, about twice as long, slightly curved upward, all of them sparingly bearded 
in the throat; corolla bluish purple, 12 to 14 mm. long, narrowly funnelform, 
gaping, finely pubescent outside, the upper lip erect, retuse, the lower lip 3-lobed, 
the central lobe largest; stamens 2, surpassing the upper corolla lobe; nutlets 
oval, dark brown, smooth, acute. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 330465, collected in the White 
Mountains, Lincoln County, altitude about 1,950 meters, July 30, 1897, by E. O. 
Wooton (no. 241). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cloudcroft, June 30, 1899, Wooton; Tula- 
rosa Creek, August 19, 1899, August 6, 1901, Wooton; Toboggan, July 31, 1899, 
Wooton; Dark Canyon, 1907, Wooton & Standley 3480; Mescalero Reservation, 
July 21, 1905, Wooton. 

The plant is most nearly related to H. jucunda Greene, from Durango, Mexico, 
and was distributed under that name, having been determined from the descrip- 
tion alone. Ours, however, is a stouter plant, with flowers about half again as 
large, and very different calyx. The species seems to be on the dividing line 
between the two principal groups of our species: its upper calyx lobes are not 
foliaceous-expanded as in one group, nor narrowly subulate as in the other, but 
are triangular-lanceolate, and they are hispid-ciliate like those of the second 
group. In habit and general appearance our plant resembles H. jucunda, but 
it is a little more leafy and has larger and fewer flowers. 


Salvia earlei Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Tall, slender, herbaceous perennial, 30 to 100 em. high, branched above, the 
stems erect, sometimes 3 or 4 from a single root, finely puberulent throughout; 
leaves linear to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 4 to 8 cm. long (mostly about 5 
em.) including the petiole, acute, cuneate and decurrent at the base into a 
petiole about 1 cm. long, entire or undulate with occasionally a few obscure 
teeth, glabrate but finely glandular above; flowers in terminal, interrupted, 
glomerate clusters, about 12 flowers in each verticel; calyx 6 to 8 mm. long, 
campanulate-tubular, obscurely 8 to 10-ribbed, becoming somewhat urceolate in 
fruit, densely white or blue tomentose with very fine short hairs, the limb 
short-trunecate, obscurely 2-lipped, the upper lip entire, the lower with 2 minute 
teeth; corolla bright blue to almost violet, about twice as long as the calyx, the 
upper lip notched, erect, tomentose on the back, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle 
lobe much the largest; style densely bearded with bluish hairs; nutlets smooth, 
brown. ; 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 382519, collected 35 miles west 
of Roswell, in August, 1900, by F. S. and Esther S. Earle (no. 375). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: NEw MExico—Twenty miles west of Ros- 
well, July 28, 1905, Wooton; South Berendo River near Roswell, June, 1899, 
Tinsley; Sixteen Spring Canyon, August 23, 1901, Wooton. Trexas—Toyah 
Creek, 1902, Tracy & Earle 1388; southwestern Texas, 1880, Palmer 1066; Frio 
Water Hole, Edwards County, 1895, R. T. Hill 36; Tom Green County, 1880, 
Tweedy 255; Baird, 1882, Letterman 72; Ballinger, 1889, Nealley 391a. 

The plant has long been confused with S. farinosa Benth., which it resembles 
very closely as to its flowers, although these are smaller, but the leaves are of 
an entirely different character, much more like those of S. pitcheri Torr. The 
distribution area is farther west than that of the one and farther south than 
that of the other, in a climate much more arid than either of the others 
endures. 


Salvia pinguifolia (Fernald) Wooton & Standley. 
Salvia ballotaeflora pinguifolia Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 523. 1900. 
The type was collected by Wright in 1851 or 1852 (no. 1524), probably in 
New Mexico somewhere near the Copper mines of Santa Rita. 


170 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


This is distinguished from 8. ballotaeflora by the very large, scarcely rugose, 
broad leaves, pale beneath because of the presence of abundant whitish pubes- 
cence, and by the denser and more ample inflorescence. The species has been 
collected at various times in southern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona. 


Salvia vinacea Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

A low, suffrutescent plant, about 30 em. high; stems slender, sparingly tomen- 
tulose above; leaves broadly ovate, about 30 mm. long and 25 mm. wide, rather 
obtuse, coarsely crenate, mostly truncate at the base or slightly decurrent, 
glabrous above and almost so beneath but slightly puberulent, of about the 
same color on both surfaces; petioles slender, half as long as the blades or 
more; flowers in short, congested spikes, numerous; calyx ampliate in age, its 
lobes very broad and obtuse, the whole calyx 12 or 13 mm. long, of a deep wine 
color, greenish at the base, on a short, deflexed pedicel; corolla dark blue, 20 
to 22 mm. long, its tube much exceeding the calyx, the upper lip oblanceolate. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 499430, collected in the Florida 
Mountains at an altitude of about 1,950 meters, September 8, 1908, by E. A. 
Goldman (no, 1501). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Florida Mountains, September 7, 1903, 
M. E, Jones; Martins Spring, Florida Mountains, 1895, Mulford 1067. 

Nearest S. pinguifolia, but differing in its much larger corolla with a nar- 
rower upper lip, wine colored calyx, and more congested inflorescence, and in 
not having its leaves conspicuously whitened beneath. 


Tetraclea angustifolia Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Herbaceous perennial with several branching, obscurely 4-angled, ascending 
or spreading stems 40 to 50 cm. high from a woody root, the whole plant 
scabrous with short, stout, recurved, whitish hairs, these most abundant on the 
stems; leaves narrowly oblong, tapering into a short petiole, serrate-dentate with 
a few coarse teeth on each side, acute, the hairs mostly on the petioles, veins, 
and margins of the leaves; flowers in few-flowered axillary clusters with 
narrowly linear bracts; calyx campanulate, the lobes narrowly lanceolate, 
acuminate in flower, accrescent and persistent in fruit; corolla and stamens 
as in 7. coulteri but smaller and the tube narrower; nutlets slightly more 
reticulate and of the same size. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 330627, collected on the plains 
south of the White Sands, August 238, 1897, by E. O. Wooton (no. 403). We 
have one other specimen collected from the same locality, August 26, 1899, by 
EE. O. Wooton. 

This plant is more slender, taller, less pubescent and with shorter hairs, and 
has narrower calyx lobes, smaller corolla, and more reticulate nutlets than the 
only other species of the genus, 7. cowlteri. The leaves, too, are narrower and 
toothed. 


SOLANACEAE. 


Androcera novomexicana (Bartlett) Wooton & Standley. 

Solanum heterodowum novomexricanum Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 628. 
£909. 
Type collected by Fendler in New Mexico, doubtless near Santa Fe, in 1847 
(no. 673). Although Solanum heterodorum has been reported from New 
Mexico at various times, it is to this species that all such specimens belong. 
The plant, while seldom abundant in any one locality, has a rather wide range 
in New Mexico, having been collected in the region about Santa Fe and as far 
south as Santa Rita. 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 171 


° SCROPHULARIACEAE. 


Castilleja eremophila Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from a slender root, the stout, solitary stems 10 to 15 cm. high, 
cinereous-puberulent; a few of the lowest leaves linear-oblanceolate, the others 
pinnatifid, each with 1 or 2 pairs of oblong-linear, divergent or ascending, 
obtuse lobes, all dull green, thin, cinereous-puberulent, sessile, not conspicuously 
veined ; flowers rather few, crowded; bracts narrow, acute, usually with several 
linear lateral lobes, glandular-puberulent or slightly villous; calyx 16 to 20 mm. 
long, about equally cleft before and behind, the lateral divisions each cleft at 
the summit into 2 oblong-lanceolate, acute segments, glandular and villous, 
scarlet at the tips; corolla about 25 mm. long, the short tube about 10 mm. 
and the galea 15 mm. long, the tube glabrous, greenish, the galea puberulent, 
yellowish green faced with scarlet, the lower lip of 2 glabrous, green, oblong- 
lanceolate, acute teeth about 1 mm. long. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 687232, collected on arid, sandy 
mesas about the north end of the Carrizo Mountains, July 31, 1911, by Paul C. 
Standley (no. 7464). Additional material is mounted on sheet 686431. 

The plant is somewhat like C. chromosa A. Nels., but is much lower and 
has always solitary stems; the pubescence is very different besides. It grows 
in the most arid situations in the Upper Sonoran Zone. No other Castilleja 
was found growing at so low an altitude, C. integra having a habitat most 
nearly approaching that of this species. 


Dasystoma wrightii (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley. 
Gerardia wrightit A. Gray, U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 118. 1859. 


Mimulus parvulus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Slender annual with almost filiform, prostrate or ascending branches not 
more than 4 or 5 cm. long, often rooting at the nodes; stems mostly glabrous; 
leaves thin, 4 to 8 mm. long and fully as wide or wider, broadly rounded-ovate, 
obtuse, subcordate at the base, short-villous with white hairs, entire or ob- 
scurely denticulate, on slender petioles half as long as the blades or longer; 
pedicels axillary, very slender, exceeding the leaves, glabrous or sparingly 
villous; calyx turbinate or narrowly campanulate, sharply angled, 5 mm. long 
in fruit, in flower not much shorter, purplish, oblique at the mouth, sparingly 
villous with coarse, white hairs; corolla bright yellow, 8 or 9 mm. long, the 
slender tube more than twice as long as the calyx; capsules 2 mm. long, nar- 
rowly oblong, abruptly acute. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 660448, collected in Rocky Canyon, 
Grant County, August 9, 1911, by J. M. Holzinger. 

A most distinct species, very unlike any of our other southwestern ones and 
apparently very different from any of those from farther west or south. 


Pentstemon cardinalis Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial, forming dense clumps 40 cm. in diameter or more; stems rather 
slender, erect, simple, glabrous, green; basal leaves elliptic-spatulate, obtuse, 
long-petiolate ; cauline leaves various, the lower oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 13 cm. 
long or less, narrowed at the base, the upper ones oblong to triangular-ovate, 
acutish or acuminate, sessile by a truncate or clasping base, thin, glabrous; 
bracts triangular-subulate, very small; inflorescence thyrsiform, secund, loosely 
many-flowered, glabrous; pedicels slender, erect, conspicuous; sepals 4 mm. 
long, lance-ovate, acute, scarious-margined; corolla 22 to 28 mm. long, eardinal 
red, considerably dilated in the throat, contracted at the mouth, the upper 


172 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


lobes erect, the lower deflexed, nearly orbicular, 2 or 2.5 mm. long, strongly 
bearded in the throat with yellow hairs; anthers echinate along the commissure. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 563916, collected on White Moun- 
tain Peak just above the forks of Ruidoso Creek, J uly 6, 1895, by E. O. Wooton. 
Altitude about 2,400 meters. 

This is somewhat, but not very closely, related to the group of P. puniceus 
and P. wrightii. The plants are not at all glaucous, however, and the form of 
the corolla is altogether different, especially in the contracted mouth. 


Pentstemon crassulus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from slender, fleshy roots and a stout caudex; stems stout, 45 em. 
high or less, simple, erect, glabrous, purplish above; basal leaves narrowly 
oblanceolate, short-petiolate, acute or obtuse, 10 em. long or less; cauline leaves 
all sessile, narrowly oblong to triangular-lanceolate, acute or abruptly acumi- 
nate, glabrous, thick and rather fleshy; inflorescence secund, loosely few- 
flowered, glabrous; pedicels slender, erect; sepals 6 mm. long, broadly ovate, 
obtuse or abruptly short-acuminate, scarious-margined; corolla about 25 mm. 
long, red, much dilated in the throat and sparingly bearded, contracted at the 
mouth, the upper lobes erect, the lower deflexed, nearly orbicular, short, about 
2 mm. long. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 563082, collected in the Lincoln 
National Forest in 1903 by Fred G. Plummer. 

Similar in general appearance to P, cardinalis, but the calyx lobes are shorter 
and broader and obtuse, and the leaves thick and fleshy and of different outline. 


Pentstemon neomexicanus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from a slender, creeping rootstock; stems stout, erect, simple, 
50 to 70 em. high, glabrous; basal leaves linear-oblanceolate, acute, petiolate, 
8 cm. long or less; cauline leaves oblong to linear, acutish or obtuse, 6 to 10 
em. long, thick and fleshy, glabrous, rather numerous, scarcely reduced above: 
leaves of the inflorescence reduced, the lowest sometimes longer than the 
flowers ;-inflorescence much elongated, thyrsiform, secund, many-flowered, gla- 
brous; pedicels stout, short; calyx lobes obovate to oblong, 4 to 5 mm. long, 
truncate or obtuse, abruptly short-mucronate, erose-denticulate at the apex, 
Scarious-margined ; corolla 22 to 25 mm. long, deep bright blue, with a dilated 
throat and spreading limb, the lobes rounded, strongly hairy in the throat; 
capsules ovoid-conic, 5 or 6 mm. high. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 561371, collected in pine woods 
near Gilmores Ranch on Eagle Creek in the White Mountains, altitude 2,220 
meters, August 15, 1907, by E. O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley (no, 3507). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Capitan Mountains, 1900, Farle 200; 
James Canyon, August 5, 1899, Wooton; Cloudcroft, alt. 2,550 meters, 1909, 
Fisher 23; Capitan Mountains, 1903, Plummer; White Mountains, alt. 1,890 
meters, 1897, Wooton 238; White Mountain Peak, August 1, 1901, Wooton; 
Gilmores Ranch, July 27, 1901, Wooton; Wingfields Ranch, July, 1895, Wooton, 
Mescalero Reservation, July 21, 1905, Wooton; Ruidoso Creek, alt. 1,980 meters, 
July 3, 1895, Wooton; Cloudcroft, June 30, 1899, Wooton. 

A very common and handsome plant in the higher parts of the Sacramento, 
White, and Capitan Mountains. It is most nearly related to P. unilateralis 
Rydb., but has very different calyx lobes and a hairy instead of glabrous throat. 
That species is found in New Mexico only in the higher mountains near the 
Colorado border. 


Pentstemon oliganthus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 
Stems slender, erect, simple, 20 to 30 cm. high, glabrous below, glandular 
xbove; basal leaves oblong or oval, petiolate, obtuse, 2 cm. long or less; cauline 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MExICcO. 173 


leaves few and remote, lanceolate to narrowly oblong, acute, erect, thick, 
glabrous beneath, minutely puberulent above; inflorescence loosely few-flowered, 
its branches glandular and slightly villous; pedicels mostly slender, sometimes 
1 em. long; calyx 4 mm. high, the lobes elliptic-oblong, acute, glandular-villous ; 
corolla 2U to 25 mm. long, the tube slightly widened upward, the spreading 
lobes oblong, obtuse, bearded in the throat; sterile stamen strongly bearded 
with yellow hairs; capsules conic-ovoid, 6 or 7 mm. high, acute. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 259061, collected in the moun- 
tains west of Grants Station, August 1, 1892, by E. O. Wooton. 

This belongs to the group of P. confertus and P. procerus, but differs decidedly 
from those species in its larger flowers and loose, few-flowered inflorescence. 


Pentstemon spinulosus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Stems slender, ascending, 20 to 35 cm. high, purplish, minutely puberulent; 
leaves linear-oblanceolate to linear-lanceolate, numerous, obtuse or acufe, 
slightly reduced upward, glabrous, narrowed at the base or sessile, 5 cm. long 
or less; bracts linear-lanceolate, 1 to 2 cm, long; inflorescence few-flowered ; 
pedicels short, stout; sepals 7 mm, high, the lobes lanceolate, rather abruptly 
acuminate, not scarious, glabrous, the tips spreading; corolla 8 cm. long, di- 
lated in the throat, not bearded, the spreading limb 2 cm. wide; stamens 
included; anthers sagittate, dehiscent for half their length, finely spinulose 
along the sutures. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 156865, collected in the Magdalena 
Mountains in June, 1881, by G. R. Vasey. 

This is more closely related to P. bridgesii than to any of the southwestern 
species, but may be separated by the glabrous instead of glandular inflo- 
rescence and the much dilated corolla tube. Whether the -corollas are red 48 
in that species can not be told from the faded dried specimens. 


Scrophularia laevis Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Tall perennial, 1 meter high or more; stems slender, bright green, glabrous, 
erect, simple or with a few weak, spreading branches; petioles long, slender, 
usually half as long as the blades, these ovate or broadly lanceolate, 4 to 7 cm. 
long, acute, neither attenuate nor acuminate, bright green, thin, glabrous, 
scarcely if at all paler beneath, few, truncate or rounded and usually somewhat 
decurrent at the base, coarsely laciniate-dentate, the teeth triangular, acute or 
attenuate; inflorescence rather sparse and short, consisting of 5 or fewer pairs 
of few-flowered corymbs on spreading penduncles; pedicels stout, ascending, 
1 to 2 em. long, glabrous or nearly so; flowers not seen; calyx lobes triangular- 
lanceolate, very acute, 3 to 4 mm. high; capsules narrowly ovoid, attenuate, 
about 8 mm. high, terminated by the persistent filiform style 4 mm. long. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 561409, collected on a moist, shaded 
slope high up on Organ Peak above Filmore Canyon, altitude about 2,400 meters, 
September 23, 1906, by E. O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Old Tiptop, Organ Mountains, October 18, 
1903, Metcalfe. 

On account of its slender habit, green stems, and pale leaves, and of its long 
petioles, this plant appears very different from the other western species. It 
is also distinguished from our others by its broad, short leaves and very acute 
calyx lobes, as well as by its almost complete lack of indument. 


Scrophularia parviflora Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial, about a meter high; stems rather slender, dull green or purplish, 
finely and densely puberulent throughout, simple or sparingly branched ; petioles 
short, less than one-third as long as the blades, these mostly triangular-lance 


174 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


olate, 5 to 10 cm. long, truncate to cuneate at the base and unequal, often de- 
current, attenuate, coarsely laciniate-dentate, the teeth mostly triangular and not 
very acute, dull green, conspicuously veined, puberulent on both surfaces; in- 
florescence short, of about 6 pairs of corymbs or fewer, these on stout, spreading 
peduncles, finely glandular-puberulent; pedicels slender, 15 mm. long or less; 
calyx lobes short, triangular-ovate, acute or acutish; corolla 6 mm. long, dull 
purplish; mature capsules not seen. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 495413, collected in the Mogollon 
Mountains on the West Fork of the Rio Gila, Socorro County, altitude about 
2,250 meters, August 2, 1903, by O. B. Metcalfe (no. 345). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Graham, July 21, 1900, Wooton. 

Related to 8. californica Cham. & Schlecht., but with sparser inflorescence, 
smaller flowers, thicker and more strongly veined leaves not cordate at the 
base, and different pubescence. We have seen two specimens of S. parviflora 
from Arizona, the one collected by G. C. Nealley in 1891 (no. 90), no locality 
given, and the other from the canyon of the Blue River near Coopers Ranch, 
Graham County, collected by Walter Hough, July 5, 1905. 


Veronica micromera Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Slender, stoloniferous perennial; stems slender, 10 to 20 em. long, ascending, 
freely rooting at the lower nodes, succulent, glabrous; leaves small, 1 to 2 em. 
long, oval or obovate, the upper scarcely reduced, mostly shorter than the inter- 
nodes, obtuse, thin, entire or obscurely and remotely seriulate, all the upper 
Sessile, some of the lower contracted into petioles 1 mm. long, or all sessile; 
racemes axillary, slender, 3 to 7 cm. long, glabrous; pedicels very slender, 
ascending, or divergent and curved upward at the tip, subtended by very small, 
linear bracts; sepals 3 mm. long, narrowly lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 
glabrous, very acute, in fruit evidently exceeding the capsule: corolla nearly 
white, bluish, scarcely exceeding the sepals; capsules small, 8 mm. long, glab- 
rous, broadly oval, nearly orbicular, scarcely as broad as long, rounded at the 
apex but not broadly so, 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 686250, collected along ditches about 
Shiprock, on the Navajo Reservation, July 25, 1911, by Paul C. Standley (no. 
7283). Altitude 1,425 meters. 

The plant is similar to V. americana, but is much smaller and more slender in 
all its parts. The leaves are almost all sessile instead of petiolate, and the 
Sepals are longer and narrower, . 


BIGNONIACEAE. 


Stenolobium incisum Rose & Standley, sp. nov. 

A low shrub 1 meter high or less, the stems simple or very sparingly branched ; 
leaves 17 cm. long or less, with 5 to 11 leaflets, usually with 9; leaflets linear- 
lanceolate, mostly about 6 cm. Jong and a little less than 1 em. wide, acuminate, 
_ attenuate to the base, the uppermost sessile, the lower conspicuously petiolulate, 
all sharply incised-serrate with deep, salient teeth, glabrous, or sometimes 
sparingly puberulent beneath; flowers about 4 em. long, on peduncles about 
5 mm. long, in simple racemes, each peduncle subtended by a linear bract; calyx 
with 5 acute, cuspidate teeth; fruit 12 to 15 cm. long, smooth, or with numerous 
light colored lenticels. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no 46776, collected on hills near 
Chihuahua, Mexico, November 15, 1886, by C. G. Pringle (no. 960). Also col- 
lected in the same locality by the same collector, October 2, 1885 (no. 360). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Santa Eulalia Mountains, Chihuahua, 1885, 
Wilkinson; near Concepcion del Oro, Zacatecas, 1902, Palmer 389; Durango, 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW mexico. 175 


1896, Palmer 131, 507; Saltillo, 1898, Palmer 193; near San Juan Capistrano, 
Zacatecas, 1897, Rose 2495. 

The plant occurs as far north as western Texas and southern Arizona. In 
New Mexico it is known only from the Dona Ana Mountains, where it was col- 
lected October 28, 1896, by Wooton & Standley. 

This has always passed as S. stans (Tecoma stans L.), but is distinguished 
by its low stature, narrow leaflets with sharp and salient teeth, and the narrower 
and longer bractlets. The leaflets, too, are usually more numerous than in 
g. stans, The latter is a shrub often 3 meters high or more, or even a low tree 
with well-defined trunk. The proposed species is hever more than a very small 
shrub, often not more than 60 cm. high. It grows in the driest places in the 
southwestern mountains, on exposed slopes among rocks. 


RUBIACEAE. 


Houstonia rigidiuscula (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley. 

Houstonia angustifolia rigidiuscula A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 27. 1884. 

Readily. distinguished from H. angustifolia by the lower, stouter, less erect 
stems, the thick, rigid leaves, and the few, more closely glomerate flowers. A 
common plant of western Texas and eastern New Mexico, growing on the plains 
and low hills of the Upper Sonoran Zone. 


CAPRIFOLIACEAE. 


Sambucus vestita Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Shrub 3 meters high or less, with numerous stout stems from a single root; 
young branches minutely and densely velvety-pubescent ; leaflets lanceolate or 
narrowly so, 8 to 15 cm. long, long-attenuate, very unequal at the base and usu- 
ally rounded, puberulent beneath, puberulent above along the veins, thin, rather 
pale green, coarsely serrate, the teeth not incurved, acute, or acutish; petioles 
and petiolules densely and finely pubescent; cyme broad (10 to 20 cm.), flat- 
topped, with numerous open, slender, pubescent branches; flowers small, 3 to 
4 wm. in diameter; fruit abundant, 5 mm, in diameter, black, glaucous, 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 560944, collected by Paul Cc. Stand- 
ley in Ice Canyon above Van Pattens Camp in the Organ Mountains, June 
11, 1906., 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Fork of the Gila, alt. 2,250 meters, 
1903, Metcalfe 344; 4 miles west of Kingston, 1909, Goldman 1822; Eagle Peak, 
August 2, 1900, Wooton; San Mateo Peak, alt. 3,000 meters, 1909, Goldman 1740; 
Black Range, alt. 2,550 meters, 1904, Metcalfe 1184: Organ Mountains, 1908, 
Bailey 1469, May 15, 1892, Wooton, 

The plant is common in the canyons of the southwestern mountains. It is 
related to S. ncomexicana, but has smaller flowers and pubescent instead of 
glabrous branches. In habit the two are dissimilar, for S. neomezicana has 
usually a well-developed trunk with branches, while S. vestita consists of a 
clump of mostly simple shoots. 


CICHORIACEAE. 


Crepis chamaephylla Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from a thick, fleshy root; stems glabrous, glaucous, 80 em. high, 
erect or ascending, very slender, the branches ascending, nearly naked, bearing 
only a few small, linear, bract-like leaves; basal leaves oblanceolate, entire, 
acute, 9 cm. long or less, glabrous, glaucous especially beneath, thick and succu- 


176 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


lent, all lying flat upon the ground, sessile, or on short, broadly winged petioles; 
heads few; involucre 8 mm. high, glabrous, the bracts linear-lanceolate, pale 
yellowish green, the few outermost much reduced ; corollas deep yellow; achenes 
dark brown, glabrous, scarcely discoid at the summit, with copious pappus of 
bright white bristles 4 mm. long. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 686386, collected at the north end 
of the Carrizo Mountains, July 30, 1911, by Paul C. Standley (no. 7419). The 
plants were common in the wet ground about a small hillside spring flowing 
out from among juniper and pinyon trees. Upper Sonoran Zone. 

The proposed species is a very distinct one by its entire, glaucous leaves 
which are reflexed upon the ground instead of erect as in most of our species. 
The heads are comparatively small and the bracts are a clear, pale yellowish 
green rather than black or brownish as we find them in most species. The 
aspect of the plant is strikingly like that of two of the species of Cynthia. 


Crepis mogollonica Greene, sp. nov. in herb. 

Basal leaves numerous, some of them linear and entire, others narrowly 
linear-oblong or linear-oblanceolate and runcinate-pinnatifid into linear lobes, 
glabrous, bright green, thin, 18 to 24 em. long; stems slender, 40 to 60 cm. high, 
glabrous, with few, ascending branches, bearing linear, bract-like leaves at the 
nodes; heads few, long-pedunculate; involucre 10 to 12 mm. high, of linear- 
oblong, glabrous bracts; flowers bright yellow; achenes slender, brown, 5 mm. 
long, shorter than the slightly sordid pappus. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 495570, collected in the Mogollon 
Mountains, Socorro County, on the West Fork of the Gila, altitude 2,400 meters, 
August 23, 1903, by O. B. Metcalfe (no. 576). 

This is related to ©. glauca, or is of that group at least. It is distinguished 
from the related species by its large heads and the very long, extremely narrow 
leaves, 


Crepis neomexicana Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Basal leaves in a dense cluster, about 9 cm. long, nearly sessile by winged 
bases, oblanceolate or oblong, deeply runcinate-pinnatifid with broadly trian- 
gular lobes, rather obtuse at the apex, thick and firm, bright green, glabrous; 
stems about 30 cm. high, stout, glabrous, sparingly branched, with reduced, 
linear, bract-like leaves at the nodes; peduncles sparingly tomentose; invol- 
ucres 8 mm. high, the bracts linear, slightly attenuate upwards, glandular; 
flowers bright yellow; mature achenes not seen, the young ones very short, 
brown. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 563748, collected on Tularosa 
Creek, Socorro County, July 14, 1906, by E. O. Wooton. 

Similar to C. perplerans Rydb., but with smaller heads and very thick, broad, 
deeply lobed leaves. 


Ptiloria bigelovii (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley. 
Hemiptilium bigelovii A. Gray, U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 105. 1859, 


CARDUACEAE. 


Coelestina sclerophylla Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Slender, rigid perennial, about 35 cm. high, with numerous puberulent, nearly 
simple stems from a suffrutescent base; leaves opposite, numerous, lanceolate 
to ovate or somewhat deltoid, 25 to 40 mm. long, thick and rigid, acute or 
attenuate, attenuate or acute at the base, coarsely crenate, puberulent on both 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXIco. 177 


surfaces, glandular-dotted beneath, all on slender petioles 7 mm. long or less; 
inflorescence of few, clustered heads terminating long, naked branches; heads 
campanulate, 7 mm. high, on short, glandular or puberulent peduncles; bracts 
linear, appressed, attenuate, puberulent, striate: flowers but little exceeding 
the bracts; achenes 3 mm. Jong, 5-angled, glabrous; pappus a short, obtusely 
toothed, glabrous crown. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 232780, collected in Guadalupe 
Canyon, Sonora, August 27, 1893, by E. C. Merton (no. 2031). Also on Cajon 
Creek in Chihuahua along the New Mexico line, August 16, 1892, Mearns 700. 
Guadalupe Canyon extends into New Mexico, and doubtless the plant occurs on 
the north as well as on the south side of the boundary. 

Doctor Gray reported this plant from this same region as Ageratum corym- 
bosum Zuce., but the northern plant is very unlike true corymbosa, which occurs 
much farther south. It differs especially in the form of the leaves and in the 
pubescence and inflorescence. 


Kuhnia chlorolepis Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial with numerous stems from a thick, woody root; stems slender, 
erect, 30 to 50 cm. high, simple up to the inflorescence, there abundantly 
branched, densely puberulent; upper leaves linear, the lower lanceolate or 
Jance-linear, all obtuse, densely puberulent, sessile, 3-nerved, glandular-dotted 
on the lower surface; heads numerous, on long, slender peduncles, large, 15 
mm. high; bracts firm, green tinged with purple, linear-oblong, broad, the 
outer short and acute, the inner obtuse or acuminate, finely pubescent, conspicu- 
ously striate, in several series, the outer ones gradually and successively 
shorter; corolla lobes oblong-lanceolate, rather long; achenes pubescent, 6 mm. 
long, finely striate; pappus 6 mm. long, whitish, copper colored at the base. 

Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, no. 560399, collected at Mangas Springs, 
June 2, 1903, by O. B. Metcalfe (no. 104). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Gila River bottom near Cliff, alt. 1,350 
meters, 1903, Metcalfe 152; 1851-2, Wright 1394 and 1182 (in part); Alamo 
Viejo, 1892, Mearns 188; Mexican Boundary Survey 458 (in part). 

This is most nearly related, perhaps, to A. gooddingii A. Nels., but that has° 
smaller hends and densely glandular bracts. In that species, too, the bracts 
are much thinner and not green. 


Coleosanthus chenopodinus Greene, sp. nov. in herb. 

Small, much-branched shrub; stems stout, with exfoliating bark, puberulent 
below, glandular above, densely branched ; leaves small, ovate or lanceolate, 35 
mm. long or less, rather thick and succulent, glabrous or nearly so, acute, 
rounded or cuneate at the base, somewhat serrate; heads paniculate, large, 
about 12 mm. long, on slender, leafy, densely viscid peduncles 2 to 4 cm. long; 
outer bracts often foliaceous, lanceolate, the others lanceolate to oblong-linear, 
conspicuously nerved, glandular-viscid, acute, or the inner obtuse; achenes 
faintly strigose. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 495728, collected in the Gila River 
bottom near Cliff, Grant County, September 22, 1903, by O. B. Metealfe (no. 
776). Altitude 1,850 meters. 

A peculiar species, somewhat related to C. floribundus, but with very long 
peduncles, larger heads, and peculiarly succulent leaves. 


Coleosanthus venosus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Low perennial, 50 cm. high or less, with sev eral stems from a woody root; 
stems slender, simple below, sparingly branched above, cinereous-puberulent ; 
leaves narrowly oblong to linear, obtuse, sessile, entire or obscurely serrate, 


178 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


thick, conspicuously veined, canescent, 55 mm. long or less; heads few, 
racemose or narrowly paniculate, 10 to 12-flowered, 10 to 12 mm. high; 
peduncles slender, bearing 1 to 3 heads, 10 to 35 mm. long; bracts much im- 
bricated in several series, the outer orbicular to broadly oblong or ovate, 
obtuse or emarginate and mucronate, cinereous, the inner lanceolate, acute, 
ciliolate, all prominently striate; achenes equally striate, strigose, brown, 
with firm, white, scaberulous pappus. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 495629, collected at Mangas 
Springs, September 5, 1903, by O. B. Metcalfe (no, 653). Altitude 1450 meters, 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 1851, Wright 1185; Burro Mountains, Sep- 
tember, 1880, Rusby; San Luis Mountains, 1893, Mearns 2211 and 2284. 

The plant also occurs in southern Arizona and northern Chihuahua. In the 
Synoptical Flora it was listed as Brickellia oliganthes (Less.) A. Gray, but 
that name was applied originally to a plant from much farther south in Mexico. 
C. venosus differs in having much narrower, sessile, more pubescent leaves, as 
well as different inflorescence, bracts, and pubescence, Doctor Gray at various 
times remarked that the plant from New Mexico and Arizona was different 
from that of Mexico, but probably he had not sufficient Mexican material to 
warrant separation of the two. 


Grindelia neomexicana Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Erect biennial or perennial, 50 cm. high or less; stems slender, sparingly 
branched from the base but abundantly branched above, the branches erect, 
leafy throughout, glabrous; cauline leaves narrowly oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, 
45 mm. long and 10 mm. wide or less, sessile, obtuse or acute, glabrous, sharply 
and evenly serrate, rarely entire; heads few, large, 15 mm. wide and 12 mm. 
high or smaller; rays numerous, showy, stiff, 15 mm. long, narrowly spatulate, 
obtuse; bracts many, elongated-linear, the outermost thick and green through- 
out, with lax, slightly spreading tips, the innermost wide, scarcely if at all 
viscid; heads subtended by 1 or 2 linear or Nnear-lanceolate, bract-like leaves; 
achenes light brown, faintly striate, the pappus smooth or sparingly and very 
faintly barbellate. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 561099, collected in the mountains 
horth of Santa Rita, August 23, 1900, by E. O. Wooton. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mountains southeast of Patterson, August 
16, 1900, Wooton; G O S Ranch, 1911, Holzinger. 

We have seen no other New Mexican plant with involucral bracts like those 
of this species. They are unusually numerous, narrow, green, and only slightly 
spreading, none of them being recurved. 


Grindelia pinnatifida Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial or biennial, 30 to 45 em. high, with numerous stout stems from 
each root, these simple below but with numerous erect, slender, corymbose 
branches above; stems glabrous, striate, reddish above; lower leaves long-petio- 
late, laciniate-pinnatifid, the segments irregularly dentate, oblong, acutish ; upper 
leaves linear-oblong, laciniate-serrate, sessile by clasping bases, all glabrous or 
nearly so, conspicuously glandular-punctate; heads solitary at the ends of the 
branches, depressed-hemispheric, 15 to 17 mm. in diameter; bracts linear, with 
flat, green, slightly reflexed tips, densely viscid; immature achenes glabrous; 
pappus bristles smooth. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 685628, collected on open slopes 
about Chama, altitude about 2,400 meters, J uly 9, 1911, by Paul C. Standley (no. 
6606). 

The plant was very abundant about Chama, in the Transition Zone. It 
differs from all our other species in its evidently pinnatifid lower leaves. The 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 179 


truly basal ones were not secured, but doubtless they are even more deeply 
divided than the lower cauline ones. 


Grindelia setulifera Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Stems slender, with numerous erect branches, leafy throughout, glabrous, 
reddish; cauline leaves oblanceolate, 25 mm. long or less, obtuse, sessile, with 
numerous setose teeth, the teeth toward the apex usually broader; heads 
numerous, mostly 10 to 12 mm. broad, subtended by 1 or 2 oblanceolate, bract- 
like leaves; outer bracts lanceolate, acute, thick and green at the tips, the inner 
mostly oblong, acute or abruptly acuminate, thin, straw colored, scarcely at all 
viscid; all the bracts erect and appressed; rays numerous, narrowly spatulate, 
obtuse, about 10 mm. long; achenes brown, glabrous, about 3 mm. long. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 45772, collected on high summits 
of the Mogollon Mountains, September, 1881, by Dr. H. H. Rusby (no. 206). 

This was originally determined as G. arizonica, but it differs from that species 
in its much smaller heads and very different leaves. The bracts, too, are not 
alike in the two species. 


Chrysopsis cryptocephala Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial with several stems from a slender, woody root; stems very slender, 
30 to 40 cm. high, erect, glandular-puberulent, sometimes sparingly hirtellous 
above, simple, with rather few leaves; leaves sessile, oblong to lanceolate or 
ovate, obtuse, often abruptly acuminate and mucronate, 25 mm. long or less, 
green, thin, minutely glandular, scaberulous, especially on the upper surface; 
heads mostly solitary at the ends of the simple stems, sometimes corymbose, 
about 1 cm. broad, almost hidden by the numerous, thin, broad, often ciliate, 
ovate, acute, bract-like leaves; rays numerous, pale yellow, 8 or 9 mm. long. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 563739, collected by E. O. Wooton 
in section 23 of the V Pasture in the White Mountains, July 23, 1905. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Gavilan Creek, August 19, 1897, Wooton 512. 

This formed a part of Doctor Greene’s C. fulcrata, as originally described, 
but it is very different from the type of that species. It is most like C. rest- 
nolens A. Nels., but has broader, fewer heads, different leaves, and very different 
bracts. 


Chrysopsis nitidula Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial with several stems from a slender root; stems slender, erect, 20 
to 85 cm. high, finely and rather sparingly sericeous, leafy; leaves oblanceolate, 
or the uppermost lanceolate, obtuse or acutish, sessile, the lower tapering to 
the base, finely sericeous, the leaf as a whole appearing green and remarkably 
soft and smooth; heads 1 to several, on slender, erect peduncles, subtended by 
a few elliptic to oblanceolate, thin, bract-like leaves; disk about 1 cm. broad, 
the bracts linear-lanceolate, acute, sericeous; rays numerous, bright yellow, 10 
to 12 mm. long; achenes compressed, sericeous. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 495550, collected by O. B. Met- 
calfe in the Mogollon Mountains on the West Fork of the Gila, at an altitude of 
about 2,250 meters, August 20, 1903 (no. 552). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North of Ramah, July 25, 1906, Wooton; 
Middle Fork of the Gila, August 5, 1900, Wooton. 

This is very unlike any of our other species, being strongly marked by its 
peculiar pubescence and long rays. 


Chrysopsis senilis Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Stout perennial with several stems from each root; stems simple below, corym- 
bosely branched above, the branches ascending, densely villous throughout, very 
leafy, the leaves mostly longer than the internodes; leaves sessile, oblong or 


180 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, often abruptly short-acuiminate, thick, canescent; 
heads crowded, 3 to 8 at the end of each branch, about 1 cm. broad, subtended 
by numerous ovate to elliptic, thin, bract-like leaves, these long-ciliate; in- 
volucral bracts thin and membranous, linear or linear-lanceolate, in several 
series, acute, canescent; the very short peduncles densely white-villous; rays 
numerous, dull yellow, about 9 mm. long; achenes compressed, densely villous. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 330718, collected in the Organ 
Mountains at an altitude of 1,440 meters, September 1, 1897, by E. O. Wooton 
(no. 509). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pena Blanca, October 21, 1906, Wooton & 
Standley; San Augustine Ranch, September 1, 1897, Wooton; 1851, Wright; 
Organ Mountains, September 4, 1898, Cockerell; Van Pattens, September 10, 
1899, Wooton. 

This is related to C. fulerata Greene, which grows in the same range of 
mountains, but it has abundant, long, white pubescence, while in that species 
the pubescence is short and not conspicuously white. C, senilis, too, has mostly 
grayish, narrower leaves and there are several heads clustered at the ends of 
each branch, while in C. fulcrata the heads are usually solitary. 


Sideranthus laevis Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from a thick, woody root; stems slender, much branched, erect, 
the branches ascending, bright green, glabrous; leaves linear or linear-oblong, 
bright green, glabrous, entire or sparingly serrate, the teeth low and incon- 
spicuous; heads few, solitary, 8 or 9 mm. broad, on slender peduncles; bracts 
linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, glabrous or sparingly puberulent ; rays pale 
yellow, 4 mm. long; achenes small, densely sericeous, the pappus evidently 
barbellate, 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 564582, collected on gypsum hills 
near Lakewood, August 6, 1909, by E. O. Wooton. 

From its lack of pubescence this might be confused with S. glaberrimus 
Rydb., but in appearance the two are really very unlike. Our plant is much 
more slender, is much branched, and has fewer heads and narrow, shallowly 
toothed leaves, and the whole plant is of a bright green, while the stems and 
foliage of S. glaberrimus are dull and somewhat glaucous. 


Sideranthus viscidus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Stems stout, branched, ascending or spreading, densely glandular-puberulent, 
50 cm. high or less; cauline leaves thick, humerous, oblong, obtuse, sessile, 
coarsely serrate, the teeth not spinulose, densely viscid; heads few, on slender 
peduncles, cumpanulate, about 12 mm. broad; bracts linear, with evident green 
tips, glandular-puberulent; rays few, short, not more than 5 mm. long; achenes 
nearly 3 mm. long, densely sericeous, with tawny pappus 5 or 6 mm. long. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 690240, collected near Hope, 
August 3, 1905, by E. O. Wooton. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Dayton, October 3, 1907, Z. BS. Wigsdale. 

Very different from our other species in the form of its leaves and in its 
densely viscid pubescence. 


Isocoma oxylepis Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial, about 30 em. high, with numerous stems from a thick, woody 
root; stems slender, glabrous, densely leafy, erect, ending in a corymblose 
inflorescence; leaves linear, acute, glabrous or scaberulous, 4 cm. long or less, 
weak and spreading or reflexed; heads very numerous, all on slender peduncles 
1 em. long lor shorter; involucre narrowly campanulate, about 4 mm. high; 
bracts glabrous or nearly so, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute; throat of 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 181 


the corolla but slightly inflated, the lobes lanceolate, acute; achenes densely 
sericeous. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 233968, collected near White 
Water, Chihuahua, September 11, 1898, by Dr. E. A. Mearns (no. 2288). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Dog Spring, New Mexico, September 22, 
18938, Mearns 2407. 

This is a very striking species, distinguished by its numerous, very narrow, 
long, and weak leaves, the many pedunculate heads, and the acute bracts. 


Isocoma wrightii (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley. 

Linosyris wrightit A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 95. 1852. 

Bigelovia wrightit A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 639. 1873. 

This has been confused with J. heterophylla, but is amply distinct in its 
narrow leaves and slenderly pedunculate heads. Both species occur in New 
Mexico. 


Chrysothamnus baileyi Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Low, densely branched shrub; older branches covered with rough, dark gray 
bark, the younger ones straw colored, slender, puberulent, angled, densely 
leafy; leaves erect or appressed, linear or linear-oblong, 15 mm. long or less, 
abruptly acuminate, sharp-pointed, thick, dull pale green, minutely ciliolate 
with short, stout hairs, otherwise glabrous, sessile; heads numerous, clustered 
at the ends of the branches, turbinate to cylindric, not strongly angled; in- 
volucres 10 mm. high or less, the numerous bracts ovate to oblong or lanceolate, 
thin, glabrous, abruptly acuminate, mostly bristle-pointed; achenes glabrous, 
striate; pappus yellowish, 8 to 10 mm. long. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no, 443565, collected at the north end 
of the Guadalupe Mountains, September 4, 1902, by Vernon Bailey (no. 498). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Mountains, alt. 1,620 meters, 1897, 
Wooton 508; Buchanan, August 12, 1909, Wooton. 

This is similar in general appearance to C. pulchellus, That species does not 
have ciliolate leaves and has much larger heads and longer pappus, 


Solidago arizonica (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley. 

Solidago canadensis arizonica A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 197. 1882. 

Stems stout, usually simple, 1 meter high or often more, striate, finely and 
densely cinereous-puberulent; leaves very numerous, often crowded, elliptic to 
elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate, 7 to 18 cm. long, acute, attenuate at the base 
to a broad, margined petiole or sessile, sharply serrate or often only obscurely 
and remotely serrate, bright green, evidently triple-veined, copiously scaberulous 
on both surfaces; inflorescence a broad, pyramidal panicle, 25 cm. long and as 
broad or smaller, all the branches recurved-ascending, slender, densely puberu- 
lent, sparsely viscid; pedicels slender, erect or ascending, 5 to 7 mm. long; 
heads campanulate, about 5 mm. high, with very numerous flowers and short, 
narrow, inconspicuous rays; achenes short, loosely pubescent, less than half as 
long as the white, scabrous pappus. 

Although first described from Arizona, this plant is a common and showy 
species of southern New Mexico. It has always been associated with 8S. cana- 
densis, but seems remarkably distinct from that species, especially by its very 
large heads. 


Solidago howellii Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Stems low and stout, 40 cm. high or less, purplish below, densely canescent ; 
basal leaves not seen; cauline leaves narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate or linear- 
oblanceolate, 25 to 75 mm. long, acute, or the lower obtuse, very thick and stiff, 

‘tapering at the base, mostly entire, prominently 3-nerved, densely scabrous- 


182 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


canescent on both surfaces; inflorescence pyramidal or narrow, 10 to 15 cm. long, 
all the branches recurved, densely canescent; leaves of the inflorescence elliptic 
to ovate-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute; pedicels 3 to 5 mm. long; heads 
5 to 7 mm. high; involucral bracts oblong, obtuse, straw colored, glabrous or 
nearly so; rays 2 to 2.5 mm. long, pale yellow; achenes conspicuously strigose. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 495104, collected on the Sierra 
Grande, August 15, 1908, by A. H. Howell (no, 219). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clayton, 1891, Carleton 393; Sierra Grande, 
1903, Howell 286, 237; Trinchera Pass, September 7, 1903, Howell 190; Folsom, 
1908, Howell 162; Capitan Mountains, 1903, Gaut 91; Sierra Grande, altitude 
2,300 meters, 1911, Standley 6097; Nara Visa, 1911, Fisher 204. 

This is related to S. radula, but has larger heads and 3-nerved cauline leaves. 
The plant, too, is not bright green, but dull yellowish or grayish, because of the 
more abundant pubescence of the various parts. It is also related to S. mollis 
Bartl., but has very different leaves. 

The plant is abundant upon the lower slopes of the Sierra Grande, growing 
among the volcanic rocks. 


Solidago neomexicana (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley. 

Solidago multiradiata neomexicana A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 191. 1882. 

Stems stout, erect, 50 to 60 cm. high, purplish, striate, nearly glabrous below, 
above viscid-puberulent ; basal leaves not seen, the cauline ones oblanceolate, 5 
to 10 cm. long, acute, pale green, narrowed at the base into broadly winged 
petioles, glabrous, finely and inconspicuously reticulate-veined, never triple- 
veined; inflorescence rather loosely thyrsoid, often with loose axillary clusters, 
viscid-puberulent; peduncles short, stout, 2 to 4 mm. long; heads large, 7 mm. 
high, campanulate, with numerous disk and ray flowers; bracts unequally im- 
bricated, narrowly oblong, obscurely puberulent, acute; achenes about 2 mm. 
long, terete or nearly so, stout, densely appressed-pubescent, about half as long 
as the copious pappus. 

The type was collected by Rusby, in September, 1881, on high, rocky summits 
of the Mogollon Mountains of New Mexico. The plant seems not to have been 
found by any other collector. 


Solidago tenuissima Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Stems slender, glabrous, pale, about 1 meter high or a little less, simple; 
basal leaves linear-oblanceolate, acute, entire or with a few remote, low teeth, 
10 to 20 cm. long; cauline leaves linear-oblanceolate, the uppermost nearly 
linear, glabrous, bright green, conspicuously veined but never triple-nerved, 
acute, long-attenuate to the base, 5 to 15 cm. long, usually entire or the lower 
remotely serrate, the leaves rather numerous on the stems, spreading or in- 
clined to be ascending; inflorescence a narrow panicle with few ascending 
branches, often a few pedunculate racemes in the axils of the leaves, the whole 
very narrow and slender, 10 cm. long or less and less than 5 em. wide; branches 
of the inflorescence and pedicels puberulent, the latter 3 to 5 mm. long; bracts 
linear, 5 mm. long or less; heads rather numerous, 3.5 or 4 mm. high; involucral 
bracts oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, ciliolate at the apex, glabrous or sparingly 
puberulent; rays small, 1.5 mm. long. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 591665, collected in Guadalupe 
Canyon near Cloverdale, July 15, 1892, by Dr. E. A. Mearns (no. 466). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Head of Guadalupe Canyon near Clover- 
dale, July 15, 1892, Mearns 478; along streams, Mogollon Mountains, July, 
1881, Rusby 227. 

Doctor Rusby’s specimens were distributed as S. missouriensis, and our 
species belongs to the group of which that species is a member. It is related 


-'WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 183 


to 8. glaberrima, but is a taller, much more slender plant, with very narrow 
leaves and a different, narrow inflorescence. 


Petradoria graminea Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Tufted perennial from a thick, woody caudex, low, 10 to 15 em. high; old 
leaves persistent at the base in a dense mass, grayish; leaves linear, rigid, 
sharp-pointed, 1-nerved, 3 to 5 cm. long, glabrous, dilated at the base, very 
lumerous; corymbs with few cylindric heads 6 to 7 mm. high; bracts acute 
to abruptly acuminate or obtuse, smooth, stramineous; flowers usually 5; 
achenes brown, glabrous. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 45778, collected in northwestern 
New Mexico, July 14, 1883, by C. C. Marsh (no. 209). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: South of Gallup, 1904, Wooton 2560; Gallup, 
1897, Herrick 816; Tunitcha Mountains, 1911, Standley 7777. 

A species of different aspect from P. pumila because of the very numerous, 
short, grass-like leaves and smaller stature. In general appearance the plants 
suggest some of the narrow-leaved species of Arenaria. 


Leptilon integrifolium Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Annual or possibly biennial, 20 to 40 em. high; stems stout, much branched 
at the base or above, glandular-villous and arachnoid; leaves numerous, oblong, 
obtuse, entire or rarely with a few teeth, sessile by a clasping base, villous; 
heads rather few, racemose, subtended by small lanceolate leaves, on slender 
peduncles 1 to 3 cm. long, 6 to 8 mm. broad; bracts green, lanceolate, acute, 
villous and arachnoid; rays very short, nearly obsolete, white; achenes small, 
glabrous, the fine, nearly white pappus 3 mm. long. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 495594, collected on the West 
Fork of the Gila in the Mogollon Mountains, altitude about 2,100 meters, 
August 28, 1903, by O. B. Metcalfe (no. 610). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mineral Creek, alt. 2,250 meters, 1904, 
Metcalfe 1419; White Mountains, alt. 2,100 meters, 1897, Wooton 356; East Las 
Vegas, September 24, 1907, S. Y. Parnay; Gilmores Ranch, alt. 2,220 meters, 
1907, Wooton & Standley 3698. 

Similar to LZ. subdecurrens, but that has all its leaves prominently toothed, 
its heads short-pedunculate, its stem less branched, and its pubescence rather 
different. * 


Erigeron deminutus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial with creeping rootstocks; stems stout, 30 cm. high or less, simple, 
canescent; basal leaves spatulate, oblanceolate, obtuse or acutish, 6 cm. long 
or less; cauline leaves oblanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acutish, sessile, thick, 
canescent, the upper much reduced; peduncles 1 to 5, long, stout, canescent and 
sparingly glandular; disk 10 to 12 mm. wide; bracts in about 2 series, linear, 
acute, appressed, densely canescent; rays pale purplish, narrow, about 100, 
7 to 8 mm. long; achenes strigose, brown, the pappus in 2 series. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 690244, collected north of Ramah, 
July 25, 1906, by E. O. Wooton, 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mountains west of Grants Station, alt. 
1.800 meters, August 2, 1892, Wooton. 

A species of the glabellus group, readily distinguished by its thick, canescent 
leaves. 

Erigeron eastwoodiae Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Low annual, 10 to 14 ecm. high, with very numerous spreading, slender 
branches arising from or near the base; stems much branched, smooth, 
sparingly cinereous, the tips of the hairs all directed upward; leaves linear or 


60541°—13——-6 


184 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, 20 cm. long or less, the uppermost shorter and 
narrower, cinereous but not densely so; heads small, about 7 mm. wide; 
peduncles very slender, terminating the branches, mostly naked; involucral 
bracts in about 2 series, green, thin, nearly linear, slightly glandular, sparingly 
hirsute, abruptly acute; rays 25 to 30, pale purple, 3 mm. long; achenes slender, 
conspicuously compressed, nearly glabrous; pappus deciduous, uniseriate, of 
few weak, white bristles. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 687233, collected on dry hills at 
the north end of the Carrizo Mountains, July 30, 1911, by Paul C. Standley 
(no. 7433). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Shiprock, alt. 1,425 meters, 1911, Standley 
7275. 

The plant was first collected by Miss Alice Eastwood along the San Juan 
River in southeastern Utah, July 12, 1895. Probably it is what is reported as 
E. bellidiastrum in Rydberg’s Flora of Colorado, said to come from McElmo 
Canyon. It is nearly related to that species, but is a very low, diffusely 
branched plant, very unlike H. bellidiastrum in habit. The rays are brighter 
colored and the leaves shorter and narrower. 


Erigeron gilensis Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Biennial or possibly only annual, 35 cm. high, branched from the base; stems 
several, slender, erect, with numerous leaves, copiously strigose, the pubescence 
near the base mostly spreading; leaves oblanceolate to narrowly oblong or 
linear-lanceolate, the lower obtuse, the upper acute, sessile or attenuate to the 
base, sparingly strigose on both surfaces; heads few, on slender, erect peduncles, 
the disk S or 9 mm. wide; bracts linear, acute or attenuate, villous, slightly 
viscid; rays numerous, about 100, lavender, linear, 5 mm. long. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 690243, collected on the North 
Fork of the Rio Gila, August 4, 1900, by E. O. Wooton. 

This is related to Erigeron divergens, but the pubescence is mostly appressed 
instead of spreading, and the plant is greener, more slender, lower, and less 
branched. 


Erigeron rudis Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from a stout, creeping, branched rootstock, 4 or 5 stems or more in 
each clump; stems erect, a meter high or fess, stout, striate, hirsute throughout, 
usually simple below; radical leaves oblanceolate to spatulate, acute or obtuse, 
entire, 12 cm. long and 14 mm. wide or smaller, 3-nerved, bright green, scabrate 
or glabrate, long-petiolate; cauline leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 6 cm. 
long and 2 cm. wide or smaller, very numerous, the plants appearing densely 
leafy, the leaves little reduced above, acute, sessile by broad, somewhat clasping 
bases, scabrous on both surfaces, ciliate; peduncles stout, short, villous, glan- 
dular, ascending; heads 8 to 8, the disk about 15 mm. wide and 7 mm. high; 
rays numerous, very narrow, light purple, about 12 mm. long; bracts linear, 
appressed, glandular-puberulent, in about 2 series; achenes strigose, the pappus 
in 2 series. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 330495, collected in the White 
Mountains, Lincoln County, August 1, 1897, by E. O. Wooton (no. 270). 
Altitude 2,100 meters. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Burro Mountains, alt. 2,100 meters, 1906, 
Blumer 1881; Luna, July 28, 1900, Wooton; West Fork of the Gila, August 6, 
1900, Wooton; Middle Fork of the Gila, August 5, 1900, Wooton; 1851, Wright 
1165: Wheelers Ranch, July 11, 1906, Wooton; Graham, July 21, 1900, Wooton; 
Gilmores Ranch, July 14, 1895, Wooton; Capitan Mountains, 1900, Harle 397; 
Capitan Mountains, alt. 2,100 meters, 1900, Harle 196. 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 185 


One of the most abundant species in the mountains of southern New Mexico; 
a tall, coarse plant, usually growing along streams. It has passed as Hrigeron 
macranthus, but has different pubescence and is a stouter, more leafy plant. 


Erigeron semirasus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from a slender rootstock; stems usually slender, erect, densely 
leafy, 60 cm. high or less, mostly glabrous below, above puberulent and some- 
what glandular, reddish; basal leaves oblanceolate-spatulate; lower cauline 
leaves oblanceolate, the upper lanceolate or lance-ovate and but little reduced, 
acute, the uppermost sessile by clasping bases, scabrous, not ciliate, bright 
green, thick, entire; peduncles few, short, stout, ascending, nearly concealed by 
the leaves; disk about 12 mm. broad; bracts in 2 series, linear, acute, glandular- 
puberulent; rays purple, narrow, numerous, 10 mm. long; achenes strigose, the 
pappus in 2 series. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 495395, collected in the Mogollon 
Mountains on Mogollon Creek, July 23, 1908, by O. B. Metcalfe (no. 320). 
Altitude 2,400 meters. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mountains near Las Vegas, July, 1881, 
Vasey; 1847, Fendler 376; Harveys Upper Ranch, alt. 2,880 meters, 1908, 
Standley 4606; Beulah, August, 1899, Cockerell; Beulah, 1899, Porter; Upper 
Pecos, 1904, Bartlett 1238. 


Erigeron senilis Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Biennial or a short lived perennial from a slender root; stems branched 
from near the base, usually simple for about 2 cm. then branched, the 
branches very slender, 30 cm. long or less, prostrate or ascending, densely 
hirsute at the base, above strigose; basal leaves spatulate-obovate, obtuse, 
long-petiolate; cauline leaves rather distant, spatulate-obovate to oblanceolate, 
thin, bright green, considerably reduced toward the extremities of the branches, 
abruptly acuminate or acutish, strigose; heads 10 to 12 mm. in diameter, on 
long, slender, sparingly strigose peduncles; bracts nearly equal, linear, acute, 
hirsute; rays numerous, pale purplish, very narrow, 4 to 5 mm. long; achenes 
glabrous, stramineous, the pappus in a single series. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 560777, collected in a canyon 
above Van Pattens Camp in the Organ Mountains, June 9, 1906, by Paul C. 
Standley. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Organ Mountains, alt. 1,650 meters, August 
29, 1894, Wooton. 

In habit this is much like HZ. flagellaris, but the stems have different pubes- 
cence and the leaves are much broader, less reduced toward the extremities, and 
more obtuse. The method of branching, too, is different from that of JZ. 
flagellaris. 


Erigeron bakeri Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial from a slender rootstock; stems stout, erect, 45 cm. nigh or less, 
simple up to the inflorescence, glabrous near the base, elsewhere finely and 
densely soft-pubescent; basal leaves oblanceolate, acute, 20 cm. long or less, 
long-petiolate; cauline leaves oblanceolate below to lanceolate or elliptic-oblong 
above, acute or acuminate, numerous, thin, sparingly appressed-pubescent, 
bright green; peduncles stout, 10 cm. long or less, soft-pubescent with fine, dark 
hairs, bearing a few small leaves; disk 12 to 14 mm. wide; bracts in about 2 
series, linear, acute, appressed, canescent; rays purplish, narrow, numerous, 7 
or 8 mm. long; achenes strigose, the pappus in 2 series. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 369203, collected near Chama, 
September 9, 1899, by C. F. Baker (no. 678). 


186 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chama, 1899, Baker; Chama, alt. 2,400 
meters, 1911, Standley 6744; Dulce, alt. 2,400 meters, 1911, Standley 8088 and 
8179. 

This is another species of the macranthus group, apparently, with pubescence 
very different from that of the related species. The plant is common about 
Chama and Dulce, growing in the moist meadows along the small streams. 


Erigeron tonsus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Biennial or a short-lived perennial, from a slender, short root; stems very 
slender, flagelliform, spreading and forming dense mats, 20 cm. long or less, 
glabrous or with a few scattered, appressed hairs, bright green; basal leaves 
narrowly oblanceolate-spatulate, 6 cm. long or less, abruptly acuminate or 
acutish, attenuate to a slender petiole, entire; cauline leaves linear-oblanceolate 
to nearly linear, much reduced upward, numerous, acutish or acuminate, sessile, 
bright green, glabrous or thinly strigose; heads small, about 5 mm. broad, on 
long, naked, nearly glabrous, slender peduncles; bracts nearly equal, linear, 
acute, purplish, strigose; rays very narrow, about 50, 2.5 mm. long. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 690241, collected near the N Bar 
Ranch, August 2, 1900, by E. O. Wooton, 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Luna Valley, July 27, 1900, Wooton; north 
of Ramah, July 25, 1906, Wooton. 

This is clearly related to Frigeron fiagellaris, resembling that species in habit, 
but it is nearly glabrous and has smaller heads and more brightly colored rays. 


Eschenbachia tenuisecta (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley. 

Conyza coulteri tenuisecta A. Gray, Syn. Fl]. 17: 221. 1884. 

Very distinct from #. coulteri in its smaller and more numerous heads, and in 
its bipinnately parted leaves with very narrow segments. In EF. coulteri the 
leaves are mostly entire, but sometimes toothed or shallowly pinnatifid. 


Herrickia Wooton & Standley, gen. nov. 

Perennial herb with alternate, thick, rigid, toothed, sessile leaves; stems 
branched; heads solitary at the ends of the slender, leafy branches; rays 
purple; disk flowers perfect, tubular, yellow drying purplish, with short, nar- 
rowly ovate lobes; ray flowers pistillate; bracts of the involucre in several 
series, about equal, conspicuously keeled, with green, foliaceous tips and 
spinescent points, the outer bracts foliaceous and changing gradually into the 
proper leaves; receptacle convex, naked; style appendages lanceolate, acute ; 
achenes compressed, striate, glabrous; pappus simple, of numerous stout, simple, 
nearly equal, strongly barbellate bristles. 

The genus is named for the late Dr. C. L. Herrick, an enthusiastic and dis- 
tinguished scientist, for several years president of the University of New 
Mexico. Although chiefly interested in geology, he made large collections of 
plants in many parts of the State. 

Our plant seems not to agree with any of the published asteraceous genera. 
Doctor Gray, doubtless, would have placed it in the genus Aster, but to-day 
none would hold it congeneric with the typical representatives of that group. 
It is related to Xylorrhiza. The plants composing that genus, however, are 
mostly scapiform and have large heads with very different involucres and 
pubescent achenes. The rigid, spinulose teeth of the leaves of Herrickia are 
very characteristic. They give the plant a strange, xerophytic aspect strikingly 
like that of Perezia nana. 


Herrickia horrida Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. PLATE 50. 
Perennial with numerous slender, branched stems from a somewhat woody 
root; stems 30 cm, high or less, wiry, hirsute, glandular; leaves thick and 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol, 16, Plate 50. 


HERRICKIA HORRIDA WOOTON & STANDLEY. 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—-NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO, 187 


rigid, sessile, oblong or oblong-ovate, 20 to 45 mm. long, obtuse or acutish, sub- 
cordate or clasping, conspicuously veined, coarsely spinulose-serrate, puberulent ; 
involucres about 1 cm. high, the bracts linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, glan- 
dular, spinulose-tipped; rays rather broad, 8 mm. long; achenes 3 to 4 mm. 
long; papus tawny, 6 mm. long. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 690258, collected at Baldy, August 
14, 1910, by E. O. Wooton. The plant was first collected at Raton, August 22, 
1897, by Dr. C. L. Herrick (no. 762). Specimens not yet in flower were gath- 
ered on the sides of Goat Mountain at Raton, June 22, 1911, by Paul C. Standley 
(no. 6330). The plants are very abundant about Raton, growing in the can- 
yons on the sides of the mountains in oak chaparral. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 50.—Part of type specimen. Slightly less than natural size. 


Aster hydrophilus Greene, sp. nov. in herb. 

Perennial or biennial; stems simple, bright green, 80 to 40 cm. high, stout, 
glabrous up to the inflorescence; cauline leaves linear or very narrowly linear- 
lanceolate, 6 cm. long or less, 3 to 4 mm. wide, attenuate, acute, sessile by a 
broad base, bright green, rather succulent, glabrous, with only the single mid- 
vein; heads few, 4 to 8, large, about 12 mm. wide; peduncles stout, ascending, 
4 to 6 mm. long, densely glandular-puberulent, each bearing several small, re- 
duced, bract-like, lanceolate, acute, glandular leaves about 3 mm. long; involucral 
bracts irregularly imbricated, the outer successively shorter, green, oblong-linear, 
acute, densely glandular-puberulent; rays numerous, 10 to 12 mm. long, nearly 
2 mm. wide, spreading; achenes strigose, the pappus of numerous slender, 
tawny, obscurely scaberulous bristles. 

Type in the U. S, National Herbarium, no. 498171, collected along the edge 
of Berendo Creek at the south end of the Black Range, Sierra County, Septem- 
ber 22, 1904, by O. B. Metcalfe (no. 1393). Altitude 1,500 meters, 

Similar to A. pauciflorus, but with much larger heads and greener herbage. 


Aster neomexicanus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Stems tall, up to 1 meter high, glabrous, smooth, green, sparingly branched 
below or simple; leaves thick and rather fleshy, green, glabrous, few and incon- 
spicuous, linear or linear-lanceolate, 8 cm. long or less, acute; inflorescence 
corymbosely much branched, the slender branches ascending, glabrous; heads 
solitary at the ends of the branches, 6 to 8 mm. high; peduncles with numerous 
linear-lanceolate, bract-like leaves; involucral bracts glabrous, in several series, 
green but with scarious margins; rays purple, narrow, 4 mm. long or less; 
achenes olive gray, striate, nearly glabrous. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 382479, collected at Roswell in 
August, 1900, by F. S. and Esther S. Earle (no. 327). Altitude about 1,140 
meters. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Lake Arthur, August 1, 1905, Wooton; 
Roswell, August 28, 1902, Cockerell. 

In general appearance the plants resemble A. paucifiorus, but that is usually 
a smaller plant and has strongly glandular peduncles and involucres. 


Machaeranthera amplifolia Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Biennial or perhaps perennial, 70 em. high or lower; stems slender, sparingly 
paniculate-branched above, the branches ascending, almost glabrous below, 
puberulent above, the hairs very fine and short, occasionally one of them gland- 
tipped, but the stems scarcely viscid; leaves bright green, the basal ones broadly 
spatulate, 40 mm. long and 25 mm. wide or less, broadly obtuse, narrowed at 
the base to a long, slender, winged petiole, the petiole as well as the base of 


. 


188 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


the leaf ciliate; leaves with coarse, shallow, rather obtuse teeth; upper leaves 
oblong-obovate or narrowly oval, sessile, often by clasping bases, serrate, obtuse, 
obscurely puberulent or glabrous; heads solitary at the ends of the branches, 
15 mm. broad and 12 mm. high, with numerous narrow, violet rays 2 em. long; 
bracts linear, acute or acuminate, some of them with subulate tips, green for 
two-thirds their length, puberulent, only slightly glandular, the tips spreading, 
the lowest bracts reflexed; achenes straw-colored, glabrous. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 562446, collected high up in Fil- 
more Canyon of the Organ Mountains, September 28, 1906, by E. O, Wooton and 
Paul GC. Standley. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Filmore Canyon, October 23, 1904, October 
29, 1904, Wooton; Old Tiptop, Organ Mountains, October 18, 1908, Metcalfe. 

A very handsome plant with large heads and showy, bright-colored rays. It 
is related to M. asteroides, but the leaves are very different, likewise the 
pubescence. 


Machaeranthera angustifolia Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Stems reddish, slender, erect, 80 cm. high or less, simple below, corymbosely 
branched above, cinereous; leaves linear-oblong to linear-oblanceolate, entire, 
densely scabrous, especially beneath, 1-nerved, acute, sessile by slightly nar- 
rowed bases, the uppermost leaves reduced: beads few, hemispheric, 15 mm. 
wide and 10 mm. high or smaller, with numerous bluish-purple rays; bracts 
unequal, thick, green above for half their length or more, linear-subulate, their 
tips squarrose, rather densely glandular near the tips; achenes almost or quite 
glabrous. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 45774, collected in New Mexico, 
probably in the Sandia Mountains, in 1853, by J. M. Bigelow. Another sheet 
of the same collection, which we have examined, is in the Gray Herbarium. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bear Canyon, Sandia Mountains, Septem- 
ber 24, 1897, Herrick; Dulce, alt. 2,200 meters, 1911, Standley 8124; Pecos, 1904, 
Bartlett 105; north of Glorie‘a, alt. 2.220 meters, 1908, Standley 5217, 5265; 
Tunitcha Mountains, 1911, Standley 7765, 7620. 


Machaeranthera aquifolia Greene, sp. nov. in herb. 

Stems very slender, erect, 80 cm. high or less, sparingly branched near the 
base, the branches simple up to the loosely paniculate inflorescence, sparingly 
scabrous, abundantly glandular; leaves linear-oblong, acute or nearly obtuse, 
thin, sparingly spinulose-dentate, sessile by scarcely narrowed bases, somewhat 
scabrous, bright green, the uppermost reduced; heads few, hemispheric, 14 mm. 
broad and 10 mm. high or smaller; bracts very unequal, green for half their 
length, with spreading tips, linear-subulate, the outermost reflexed, finely 
glandular-puberulent; achenes scaberulous. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 495763, collected at the Gila Hot 
Springs in the Mogollon Mountains, Socorro County, August 26, 1908, by O. B. 
Metcalfe (no. 856). Altitude 1,950 meters. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hop Canyon, 1895, Herrick 628; Magda- 
lena Mountains, 1895, Zerrick 616; Grand Canyon of the Gila, August 19, 1900, 
Wooton; Mangas Springs, alt. 1,430 meters, 1903, Metcalfe 715; East Canyon, 
1911, Holzinger; Gilmores Ranch, July 25, 1901, Wooton. 

The plant occurs in Arizona as well. The specimens from the Magdalena 
Mountains are stouter and have more heads than the typical form. 


Machaeranthera centaureoides Greene, sp. nov. in herb. 
Stems 70 cm. high or less, stout, green, simple below, corymbosely branched 
above, the branches ascending, glabrous below, rather densely scabrous and 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 189 


glandular above, the pubescence especially abundant on the branches of the 
inflorescence; lower leaves firm and thick, oblong-linear, 11 cm. long or less, 
15 mm. wide or narrower, acute, bright green, mostly glabrous, closely and 
sharply spinulose-dentate, sessile by narrow bases, the uppermost leaves sessile 
by broad, clasping bases, some of the leaves almost entire, obtuse; heads few, 
14 mm. wide and 12 mm. high or smaller, hemispheric, with numerous narrow, 
violet rays; bracts linear-subulate, green for two-thirds their length, the tips 
all spreading and some of the lowest bracts reflexed, unequal, densely and 
coarsely viscid-pubescent ; achenes almost or quite glabrous, 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 495484, collected in the Mogollon 
Mountains on the Middle Fork of the Rio Gila, Socorro County, August 9, 1903, 
by O. B. Metcalfe (no, 440). Altitude about 2,250 meters. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Fork of the Gila, August 25, 1903, 
Metcalfe; Luna, July 28, 1900, Wooton. 

Similar to M. asteroides, but distinguished by its stouter stems and narrow, 
thick leaves, and especially by the coarse, glandular pubescence 


Machaeranthera pygmaea (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley. 
Macheeranthera tanacetifolia pygmaea A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 74. 1853. 
Aster tanacetifolius pygmaeus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 206. 1884. 


Machaeranthera simplex Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial or biennial from a thick, somewhat woody root; stems several, 
clustered, very slender and wiry, erect, 40 cm. high or less, simple or bearing 
2 or 3 heads on short peduncles, reddish, glabrous below, sparingly cinereous 
above; leaves thin, green, oblanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acute, tapering to 
the base, coarsely salient-serrate, nearly glabrous except on the ciliate margins 
and villous veins; heads about 12 mm. broad; bracts linear, with long, linear, 
spreading, green tips, cinereous, nowhere glandular; rays narrow, 8 to 10 mm. 
long. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 382533, collected in the Capitan 
Mountains at an altitude of 2,100 to 2,250 meters, August 31, 1900, by F. S. 
and Esther S. Earle (no. 390). 

This is near M. asteroides, but differs in having thin, oblanceolate, nearly 
glabrous leaves, few heads, and very slender, simple stems. 


Aphanostephus perennis Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Slender perennial; stems wiry, erect, 830 cm. high or less, much branched, 
the branches ascending, rough-puberulent or hispidulous; leaves all linear, 
entire, bright green, 15 mm. long or less, cinereo-scaberulous; heads few, 8 or 9 
mm. broad, on slender peduncles; bracts numerous, much imbricated, elliptic- 
lanceolate, acute, puberulent; rays rather few, pinkish; achenes dark brown, 
nearly terete, almost glabrous. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 564549, collected at Knowles, 
July 29, 1909, by E. O. Wooton. 

This may be readily distinguished from our other species by its perennial 
root, wiry stems, narrow leaves, and harsh pubescence. 


Dicranocarpus dicranocarpus (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley. 
Heterospermum dicranocarpum A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 109. 1852. 
Dicranocarpus parviflorus A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 5: 322. 1854. 
Wootonia parvifiora Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 122. 1898. ° 
There is no doubt that the genera Dicranocarpus and Wootonia are the 
same, as suggested long since by Mrs. Brandegee and Mr. M. E. Jones. The 
types of the two genera came from the same general region, from localities 
probably not more than 100 miles apart. It is interesting to find that both are 


190 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


included in Dalla Torre and Harms’s Genera Siphonogamarum, but with an 
interval of just one hundred genera between the two! 


Gymnolomia brevifolia Greene, sp. nov. in herb. 

Perennial; stems 50 to 60 cm. high, slender, brownish, with sparse, short, 
appressed, grayish pubescence; leaves ovate, rhombic-ovate, or elliptic, or the 
lowest oblanceolate, 20 to 40 mm. long, 10 to 20 mm. wide, acute, entire or 
obscurely serrate, the upper on short, winged petioles, the lowest on more 
slender petioles 10 mm. long, appressed-pubescent, scaberulous above, bright 
yellowish green; heads 10 mm. in diameter; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, 
canescent; rays showy, bright yellow; achenes obovate, glabrous, dark brown, 
without pappus. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 495518, collected in the Mogollon 
Mountains on the West Fork of the Rio Gila, altitude 3,300 meters, August 15, 
1903, by O. B. Metcalfe (no. 511). 

Ividently this is closely related to G. multiflora, but not more so than is 
G. longifolia. It is distinguished especially by its broad and remarkably short 
leaves. It seems to grow at a far higher altitude than most of our species of 
the genus. 


Helianthus canus (Britton) Wooton & Standley. 

Helianthus petiolaris canescens A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 108. 1852, not H. 
canescens Michx. 

Helianthus petiolaris canus Britton, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 334. 1894. 

This seems to be worthy of specific rank. It is nearest H. petiolaris, but in 
general appearance is very different, chiefly because of the abundant white 
pubescence on leaves and stems. The pubescence of the peduncles is of long, 
spreading hairs, while in H. petiolaris it consists of short, appressed ones. 


Helianthus neomexicanus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Tall, branched perennial; stems comparatively slender, reddish, hispid or 
hispidulous up to the inflorescence; leaves all except the uppermost opposite, 
on slender petioles one-fourth to one-third as long as the blades, these ovate- 
lanceolate, thick, 8 to 15 em. long, 6 em. wide or less, rounded or narrowed 
and acute at the base, attenuate or long-acuminate at the apex, sparingly ser- 
rate with low teeth, scabrous on the upper surface, beneath soft-villous; heads 
rather few, the disk 15 mm. broad, on long, slender, densely canescent pedun- 
cles; bracts lanceolate, with long, abruptly acuminate, spreading tips, ciliate 
below the middle, scaberulous on the back, 13 mm. long or less; achenes not 
seen. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 563826, collected at Mangus 
Springs, August 19, 1902, by E. O. Wooton. 

It is not certain that this is a perennial plant, but in its various character- 
istics it agrees better with the perennial than the annual species. We have only 
the upper branches. 

The pubescence of the lower surface of the leaves is very different from that 
found in any of our other New Mexican species, exactly matching that of the 
southeastern Helianthus tomentosus Michx. 


Verbesina oreophila Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Tall plant, probably perennial, 1 meter high or more; stems erect, stout, not 
winged, minutely puberulent; leaf blades triangular-lanceolate to deltoid-ovate, 
8 to 11 cm. long, 7 cm. broad or less, acute, narrowed at the base to a short, 
slender petiole, coarsely serrate, scaberulous on the upper surface, beneath 
soft-pubescent; heads numerous, about 12 mm. in diameter, loosely cymose, 


on slender, naked peduncles; bracts oblanceolate, linear-oblong or lanceolate, 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 191 


acute, 5 mm. long or less, appressed-pubescent; rays bright yellow, conspicuous, 
obovate-spatulate; achenes 5 mm. long, cuneate-obovate, brown, glabrous, closely 
invested by the pales. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 563951, collected at Cloudcroft, 
in the Sacramento Mountains, August 24, 1899, by E. O. Wooton. 

A species of the section Verbesinaria, but very unlike anything listed for 
the section by Robinson and Greenman in their revision of the genus.’ It has 
larger heads than most members of the section. 


Thymophylla hartwegi (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley. 
Hymenatherum berlandiert Benth. Pl. Hartw. 18. 1839, not DC. 
Hymenatherum hartwegi A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 117. 1852. 


Thymophylla neomexicana (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley. 

Adenophyllum wrightit A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 92. 1858, not Hymenatherum 
wrightit A. Gray, 1849. 

Hymenatherum neomesicanum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 40. 1883. 


Thymophylla thurberi (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley. 
Hymenatherum thurberi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad, 19: 41. 1883. 


Hymenopappus fisheri Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Probably biennial, from a long, slender root; stems several, erect, stout, 30 
to 40 cm. high or more, leafy, the leaves gradually reduced toward the top; 
basal leaves not seen; cauline ones large, once pinnatifid into narrowly oblong 
to broadly linear, obtuse segments, densely arachnoid beneath, above sparingly 
woolly when young, but soon glabrate and bright green; heads numerous, 
corymbose, about 8 mm. in diameter, on slender peduncles; bracts sparingly 
tomentose, obovate, 5 mm. long, with thin, yellow, scarious tips; corolla bright 
yellow, glandular, the lanceolate lobes about equaling the campanulate throat; 
achenes dark brown, nearly naked on the faces, densely villous-ciliate on the 
angles; pappus conspicuous, about equaling the diameter of the achene at the 
summit. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 564948, collected near Nara Visa, 
in clay and sandy soil, September 8, 1910, by Mr. Geo. L. Fisher (no. 16). 
Also collected at Nara Visa, June 12, 1911, Fisher 177. 

The plant is suggestive of H. artemisiaefolius DC., but the bracts lack the 
very broad, white margins of that species, the leaf segments are narrower, and 
the corollas are bright yellow instead of nearly white. 


Hymenopappus nudatus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial, 380 to 50 cm. high, with several stems clustered at the top of a thick, 
black root; leaves practically all basal, 10 cm. long, twice pinnate into linear 
divisions, densely arachnoid, the petioles very densely so, their bases covered 
with long, white wool; stems scapose, densely arachnoid, bearing but 1 or 2 
much reduced leaves; heads few, 1 to 5, large, 12 to 15 mm. broad, on long, 
stout peduncles; bracts 8 mm. long or less, unequal, obovate or oblong, with 
scarious stramineous tips, densely arachnoid; corolla pale yellow, the oblong- 
ovate, obtuse lobes not more than one-third as long as the tube; achenes densely 
silky-villous with tawny hairs; pappus of prominent scales nearly 2 mm. long. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 495226, collected in the Burro 
Mountains, Grant County, altitude 1,650 meters, June 6, 1903, by O. B. Metcalfe 
(no. 107). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West of Patterson, June 21, 1892, Wooton; 
Cactus Flat, July 5, 1906, Wooton; near Santa Rita, 1877, Greene; Silver City, 
June 2, 1880, Greene. 


Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 534-566. 1899. 


192 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


The type collection was originally determined as H. luteus Nutt., but that 
is a smaller plant with smaller heads and more leafy stems. Our plant sug- 
gests H. arenosus, but that, too, has smaller heads and lower, more leafy stems. 


Picradeniopsis dealbata (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley. 
Bahia dealbata A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 99, 1849. 
Bahia absinthifolia deatbata A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 121. 1852. 


Hymenoxys brachyactis Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial or possibly biennial, from a thick tap-root; stems solitary, very 
stout, simple at the base, with a few erect, corymbose branches above; basal 
leaves long-petiolute, once or twice pinnatifid into numerous narrowly linear 
segments; cauline leaves very numerous, all once or twice pinnatifid into linear 
or filiform divisions, the lower leaves with very numerous divisions, the upper 
with but few; heads numerous, 6 mm. in diameter, on short, slender, glabrous 
peduncles; involucres glabrous, 5 mm. high, the outer bracts lanceolate, acute, 
strongly keeled, united for nearly half their length, the inner ones very obtuse, 
short-acuminate, tomentose on the margins; rays pale yellow, cuneate-obovate, 
much shorter than the involucral bracts, usually not more than half as long; 
disk flowers bright yellow, sparingly glandular; achenes villous with pale tawny 
hairs; palee of the pappus long-attenuate, two-thirds as long as the disk 
corollas. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 690242, collected near East View, 
August 4, 1906, by E. O. Wooton. 

The plant has the size and habit of H. rusbyi, but it has very different leaves 
and heads. Its most striking characteristics are its tall, stout, simple stems, 
its finely divided Artemisia-like foliage, and the numerous small, angled heads. 


Hymenoxys cockerellii Wooton & Standley, nom. nov. 

Hymenoxys chrysanthemoides jugta Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 508. 
1904. 

This seems to be a distinct species, differing conspicuously enough from 
H. chrysanthemoides, as orginally pointed out by Professor Cockerell. Ordi- 
narily, in raising a subspecies to specific rank we should not think of changing 
the subspecific name unless it were preoccupied. There is, however, so far 
as we know, no precedent for the use of a preposition as a specific name, 
nor do we think it desirable or even permissible that one be established. 


Hymenoxys mearnsii (Cockerell) Wooton & Standley. 

Hymenoxrys chrysanthemoides mearnsii Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 506. 
1904. 

A common species of southern New Mexico, ranging from the southwest 
_ eorner as far east as the Pecos Valley. It is the smallest of our annual forms. 


Tetraneuris formosa Greene, sp. nov. in herb. 

Perennial from a thick root; caudices cespitose, thickened; basal leaves 
oblanceolate-spatulate, 60 cm. long and 9 mm. broad or smaller, obtuse, green, 
sparingly silky-pubescent on both surfaces, glandular-punctate; peduncles about 
20 cm. long, slender, bearing 2 or 38 small leaves near the base, rarely branch- 
ing, pubescent with few loosely appressed hairs; heads large, the involucres 
12 mm. broad and 7 or 8 mm. high; bracts oblong, obtuse, densely silky-villous; 
rays large, extending 15 mm. beyond the involucre, 7 or 8 mm. broad, with 3 
rounded teeth at the apex, conspicuously veined; achenes villous; palee of 
the pappus ovate, with long, abruptly acuminate tips. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 498042, collected on dry hills near 
Kingston, Sierra County, at an altitude of 1,980 meters, August 22, 1904, by 
O. B. Metcalfe (no, 1285). : 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. 1938 


A specimen collected in the Magdalena Mountains in June, 1881, by G. R. 
Vasey appears to be the same, although it has more densely pubescent leaves 
and stems. 

The species is related to 7. leptoclada, but has very much longer rays and 
larger heads and is a taller plant. The pappus scales are broader and not 
so acute. 


Tetraneuris pygmaea (Torr. & Gray) Wooton & Standley. 

Actinella depressa pygmaea Torr. & Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 100. 
1849. 

The type came from the Raton Mountains of New Mexico. We have speci- 
mens from the Sandia Mountains that we take to be the same plant. It is 
similar to 7’. depressa, but the leaves are densely sericeous instead of villous, 
the heads are not nearly so large as in that species, and the rays are shorter 
than the involucre instead of equaling it. 


Artemisia albula Wooton, nom. nov. 
Artemisia microcephala Wooton, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 455. 1898, not Hillebr. 
1888. 


Artemisia petrophila Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Low shrub, 30 to 40 cm. high, the lower branches spreading, bearing numerous 
very slender, mostly simple, erect ones; stems densely tomentose; the lower 
leaves, i. e. those of the older thicker branches, cuneate, 2 to 3 cm. long, 
densely white-sericeous, tridentate at the apex, the teeth oblong or oblong- 
lanceolate, obtuse; leaves of the upper slender branches oblanceolate to linear- 
oblong, entire, obtuse or acutish, white-sericeous, rather distant, never crowded ; 
inflorescence of very narrow panicles, the lateral branches not more than 2 cm. 
long, slender; heads homogamous, few-flowered, solitary or in small clusters, 
sessile or pedunculate, the peduncles soon recurved; involucre campanulate, 2.5 
mm. broad, the bracts few, in about two series, oblong, obtuse, densely tomentose. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 686323, collected on a dry sand- 
stone mesa at the north end of the Carrizo Mountains, July 28, 1911, by Paul C. 
Standley (no. 7355). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: NEW Mexico—Dry hills near Farmington, 
alt. 1,650 meters, July 17, 1911, Standley 7084. Arizona—Moki Reservation, 
1896, Hough 58. ‘ . 

This low shrub is similar to Artemisia tridentata, especially in herbarium 
specimens. Even here, however, it may be distinguished by its broader inflores- 
cence, recurved peduncles, campanulate heads, and rather distant, mostly entire 
leaves. In the field the two are very unlike. A. tridentata isa densely branched 
shrub usually a meter high, growing on the plains, while this is a low plant with 
slender, open, never dense branches, growing on the hills, usually among rocks. 


Senecio metcalfei Greene, sp. nov. in herb. 

Perennial, multicipitous, from a rather stout, ascending, somewhat woody 
rootstock; stems scapiform, 20 cm. high or mostly less, stout, glabrous or with 
very scanty tomentum; leaves numerous, erect or somewhat spreading, less 
than half as long as the stem, rather thick and firm, dull green, oblanceolate or 
narrowly spatulate, obtuse, mostly entire or some with 2 or 3 low, incon- 
spicuous teeth, glabrous except the very youngest, these with a scanty tomen- 
tum, narrowed at the base into a petiole as long as the blade or shorter; leaf 
blades 45 mm. long and 15 mm. wide or smaller; stems almost naked but with 
a few much reduced leaves; heads few, on short peduncles, campanulate, mostly 
about 9 mm. long or smaller; peduncles mostly naked; bracts linear or linear- 


194 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


lanceolate, acute, 6 mm. long or less, light green; rays oblong, rather bright 
yellow, 6 mm. long and 3 mm. wide or smaller; achenes striate, glabrous. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 497842, collected on open slopes 
on Hillsboro Peak, at the south end of the Black Range, May 27, 1904, by O. B. 
Metcalfe (no. 938). Altitude 3,060 meters. 

Most closely related, perhaps, to S. pentodontus, but with very different 
leaves and pubescence. 


Senecio remifolius Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Perennial, multicipitous, from a rather stout, creeping or ascending rootstock ; 
stems scapiform, 25 cm. high or lower, glabrous, slender; basal leaves linear- 
oblanceolate, glabrous, or with an obscure and very sparse tomentum visible 
only under a lens, about 60 mm. long and 8 mm. wide, obtuse, entire or with 
3 or sometimes a few more shallow teeth, thick and fleshy, deep green, gradually 
tapering at the base into a slender petiole as long as the blade or longer; lower 
cauline leaves like the basal ones but smaller; upper ones linear, sessile by a 
somewhat widened base; stems sometimes with an obscure tomentum in places ; 
branches of the inflorescence several, ascending, each bearing 1 to 3 rather long- 
pedunculate heads, these campanulate, about 12 mm. high; peduncles naked 
or with a few bractlets; involucral bracts 10 to 12, linear-lanceolate, acute, 
with membranous margins, about 7 mm. long; rays oblong, pale yellow, 10 mm. 
long and 2.5 mm. wide or smaller; achenes striate, ciliolate along the angles. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 690231, collected along Willow 
Creek, August 8, 1900, by E. O. Wooton. 

Similar to the preceding but with different leaves, heads, and achenes, 


Senecio sacramentanus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Erect from a cluster of rather fleshy roots, 70 cm. high or less; stems mostly 
simple below but paniculately branched above, sparingly tomentose below, 
densely so above, the pubescence densest about the nodes; lee ves lanceolate to 
triangular-lanceolate, 14 em. long or less and 5 em. wide or narrower, abruptly 
acuminate, coarsely salient-dentate, tapering, truncate, or cordate at the base, 
sparingly puberulent beneath, glabrous above, bright green, thin; petioles of 
the lowest leaves 7 em. long, slender, dilated and clasping at the base, those of 
the upper leaves shorter and winged, the uppermost leaves sessile and often 
clasping by a broad base; stems leafy throughout, the upper leaves considerably 
smaller than the others ; inflorescence much branched, of paniculate racemes; 
heads very numerous, small, 10 mm. long and 9 mm. wide or less, rather nar- - 
rowly campanulate, nodding; bracts about 8, rather broadly oblanceolate, acute, 
with membranous, light-colored margins; heads subtended by 2 or 3 short, fili- 
form bracts; rays none; achenes light chestnut colored, striate, with abundant 
soft, barbellate pappus. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 690287, collected in the vicinity of 
Cloudcroft, near the summit of the Sacramento Mountains, altitude about 2620 
meters, August 15, 1901, by E. O. Wooton. 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cloudcroft, August 24, 1901, Wooton; 
James Canyon, August 11, 1899, Wooton. 

This is as nearly related to S. pudicus as to any species, but its foliage is 
very different. In that species the leaves are linear to oblanceolate, tapering 
to the base, and nearly entire. In S. sacramentanus the leaves vary from 
cordate-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, are coarsely serrate, and are mostly truncate 
to abruptly contracted at the base. The general appearance of the two is so 
unlike that at first glance one would not suspect the relationship between them. 


WOOTON AND STANDLEY—NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MExIco. 195 


Carduus gilensis Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Tall, sparingly branched biennial with slender, striate, villous stems; basal 
leaves oblanceolate, about 40 cm. long, acute, conspicuously lobed, the lobes 
dentate, the few teeth tipped with slender spines, glabrous on the lower surfaces, 
puberulent above; upper cauline leaves oblong or triangular-lanceolate, acute, 
clasping at the base, shallowly lobed, the lobes and their principal teeth with 
numerous long, slender, salient spines; heads usually solitary at the ends of 
the branches, campanulate, about 3 cm. broad or more and of the same height, 
subtended by many narrowly linear-lanceolate, spiny, bract-like leaves; outer 
bracts foliaceous, linear-lanceolate, with elongated tips, often arachnoid on the 
margins, pectinate with very numerous spiny teeth; inner bracts broader, 
scaberulous, little or not at all dilated at the tips and laciniate; corollas green- 
ish yellow. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 495440, collected in the Mogollon 
Mountains on the West Fork of the Rio Gila, Socorro County, altitude 2250 
meters, August 4, 1903, by O. B. Metcalfe (no. 377). 

This, like O. inornatus, was determined as CO. parryi. It is of that group, but 
is distinguished by its large, mostly solitary heads, as well as by its unusually 
large and thin leaves, and the very numerous foliaceous bracts. 


Carduus inornatus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Tall biennial about 1 meter high with a stout stem, this simple below, above 
with a few ascending branches; stems striate, sparingly arachnoid, densely so 
on the younger parts, nearly glabrous in age; basal leaves not seen; lower 
cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, 10 to 18 cm. long, 17 mm. wide or less, with 
few remote, triangular, spine-tipped teeth, the margins beset with fine spines, 
glabrous beneath except on the midvein, sparingly villous there as well as on 
the upper surface with long, weak, white hairs; upper cauline leaves lanceolate 
or oblong, acute or attenuate, sessile and clasping at the base, the auricles 
rounded, the margins irregular and bearing numerous slender, yellow spines; 
heads few, occasionally solitary at the ends of the branches but usually in 
clusters of about 3, pedunculate, campanulate, 25 mm. long and 20 mm. broad 
or smaller, subtended by numerous spiny, reduced, bract-like leaves; bracts of 
the involucre in several series, successively shorter outward, the outer linear- 
lanceolate with long-attenuate tips, mostly glabrous on the back, rarely slightly 
arachnoid, spine-tipped, the margins bearing many weak, yellow spines; inner 
bracts broader, scaberulous, most of them abruptly dilated at the tips into a 
lanceolate or oval, often laciniate, spine-tipped portion; corollas yellow ; achenes 
obovate, compressed, brownish, 4 to 5 mm. long, the pappus about 10 mm. long. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no 5610138, collected in the Sacramento 
Mountains near Cloudcroft, August 24, 1901, by E. O. Wooton. 

Originally this collection was determined as C. parryi, and it is nearer to 
that than to any other species. It differs in having fewer heads and slightly if 
at all arachnoid bracts with pectinately spiny margins and less dilated tips. 
The leaves, too, are not nearly as spiny as in that species, and only the inner- 
most bracts have dilated tips, while in C. parryi almost all have them. 


Carduus pallidus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Tall biennial, 1 to 2 meters high, with simple, very leafy stems sparingly 
branched about the inflorescence; stems stout, arachnoid above, becoming gla- 
brate below, striate; lower cauline leaves lanceolate, acute, uttenuate to the 
base, irregularly serrate-dentate, the teeth tipped with short, weak spines; 
upper cauline leaves narrowly oblong to triangular-lanceolate, clasping at the 
base, with rounded auricles, acute irregularly dentate or shallowly lobed, the 


196 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


margins spine-tipped, the blades glabrous beneath, above sparingly white- 
villous, lanate along the midrib; inflorescence of rather few heads, these race- 
mose in age, crowded when young, on short, stout peduncles or sometimes ses- 
sile, subtended by reduced, very spiny leaves; heads campanulate, 3 cm. high 
and as broad or smaller; bracts linear, none of them with dilated tips, the 
outer arachnoid on the backs and’ margins, tipped with a long, slender spine and 
usually bearing 2 or more slender lateral spines just below the tip; inner bracts 
lanceolate, thick and firm, scaberulous, with slender, flat, weak tips; corollas 
greenish yellow; achenes oblong-obovate, dark brown, glabrous and shining. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 498699, collected in the Pecos River 
National Forest near Winsors Ranch, altitude 2520 meters, July 16, 1908, by 
Paul C. Standley (no. 4357). 

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tunitcha Mountains, 1911, Standley 7533; 
Chama, alt. 2400 meters, 1911, Standley 6763; mountains west of Las Vegas, 
1881, Vasey; Baldy, August 14, 1910, Wooton; Gilmores Ranch, alt. 2220 meters, 
1907, Wooton & Standley 3491; Gilmores Ranch, July 14, 1895, Wooton; James 
Canyon, August 3, 1899, Wooton. 

A common species in the higher mountains of New Mexico, occurring chiefly 
in the Transition Zone, although frequently extending farther up. It grows 
usually in swamps or marshes along the edges of mountain streams, sometimes 
in shaded thickets, frequently in open meadows. It is a tall, coarse plant, with 
pale yellowish stems and foliage. Commonly this has passed as Carduus parryi. 
Apparently no one has ever questioned this determination, yet examination of 
herbarium material reveals the fact that true parryi does not occur in New 
Mexico. That species differs from ours in its small heads, more spiny leaves, 
and the conspicuously dilated bracts. 


Carduus vinaceus Wooton & Standley, sp. nov. 

Tall biennial, 1 to 2 meters high, with very numerous ascending branches; 
stems brownish purple, striate, slender, glabrous; basal leaves glabrous, green, 
30 to 50 cm. long, 20 cm. wide or less, elliptic-oblong in outline, pinnatifid 
nearly to the midrib, the segments overlapping, laciniately lobed, the lobes 
oblong-lanceolate, acute, the teeth tipped with short, slender, yellowish spines; 
heads very numerous, naked, campanulate; bracts in numerous series, narrowly 
lanceolate, with long, flat, weak, spreading tips, deep reddish purple through- 
out, glabrous on the back, scarcely keeled, ciliate or puberulent on the margins, 
tipped with short, slender, yellowish spines; inner bracts with long, slender, 
twisted tips; whole head 5 cm, in diameter and 4 em, high or smaller; corolla 
lobes long and narrow, purplish; achenes obovate, brown, glabrous, with tawny, 
plumose pappus 15 to 20 mm. long. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 690246, collected in the Sacra- 
mento Mountains near Fresnal, July 12, 1899, by E. O. Wooton. 

No other North American species of which we have seen either specimens or 
description is at all like this in the form of the involucre. Some of the Mexican 
species suggest our plant but not very closely. When growing it is a handsome 
large plant with very numerous, purplish heads and dark stems, these contrast- 
ing with its glabrous, bright green foliage. 


SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ON AMERICAN SPECIES OF 
FESTUCA. 


By CHARLES V. PIPER. 


Since the publication of his monograph of the North American 
species of Festuca,’ the author has availed himself of opportunities 
to study the type specimens of several species, which has resulted in 
clearing up various matters of synonymy. In the course of these 
studies, it also became apparent that the North American grass 
referred to Festuca fratercula Rupr. is not that plant at all, but an 
unnamed species. 


Festuca sororia sp. nov. 

Festuca fratercula Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 10: 39. 1906, as to description and 
specimens cited. 

An examination of the type of Mestuca fratercula Rupr. preserved in the 
herbarium of the Jardin Botanique de l’Etat at Brussels shows it to be a very 
different species, and one not represented in the National Herbarium. Festuca 
sororia is a rare plant occurring in Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico in 
mountain ravines. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 45866, collected in the Rincon 
Mountains, Arizona, altitude 225 meters, September, 1891, by G. ©. Nealley 
(no. 177). 

The species has been further collected, as follows: 

Cotorapo: Pagosa Peak, Baker 36, 75, 94, 177, 178; Durango, Tweedy 398a. 
New Mexico: Hillsboro Peak, Grant County, O. B. Metcalfe 1236. 


Festuca fratercula Rupr.;.Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 124. 1881. 

“ Culmo fere tripedali scabro; foliis 3’’’ latis, retrorsum scabris, longis, planis, 
apice longe convolutis; ligula brevissima; panicula libera effusa fere pedali 
folium summum longe superante, radiis geminis divaricatis inaequalibus parce 
divisis; spiculis 3-floris cum terminali quarto abortivo; glumis inaequalibus 
acutis, floribus teretibus remotis, palea inferiore acuta potissimum in floribus 
summis breviter mucronata, glabra; squamulis lanceolatis ovarium aequantibus. 

“In humidis inter Pinos montis Orizabensis, 11-12000’' (Gal. n. 5778); 
Cumbre de Estepa, augusto (Liebm.).” 

To the above description the following notes may be added: Culm stout, 
smooth, bearing two leaves; lower leaf blade 20 cm. long, strongly nerved above, 
firm, scabrous on nerves and margins, attenuate-acute; ligule a fringe of short 
bristles: lower sheath 30 cm. long, smooth outside, scabrous within near the 


1Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 1-48. 1906. 
197 


198 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


top; panicle 25 cm. long; rays slender, in twos, the longest 12 cm. long, very 
scabrous, naked for half its length; spikelets 10 to 12 mm. long, 5-flowered: 
glumes firm, lanceolate, acute, minutely scabrid near the tip, obscurely veined, 
the lower 5 mm., the upper 6 mm. long; lemmas firm, thickish, very obscurely 
veined, acute, purplish near the tip, 7 mm. long; palea slightly exceeding the 
lemma. 

There are no specimens in the National Herbarium that can be referred 
to this species. 


Festuca tolucensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 153. 1816. 

In Contributions from the U. 8. National Herbarium, volume 107, the treat- 
ment of this species and its supposedly near allies F. multiculmis Steud? and 
F. aequipaleata Fourn.’, was admittedly unsatisfactory. The types of all three 
are in the herbarium of the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle at Paris. Festuca 
tolucensis, aS shown by more abundant recently collected material, is rather 
variable, especially in the size of the spikelets and the development of the awns. 
Festuca multicuimis Steud. must be regarded as a synonym, as the type (Heller 
306, Mount Toluca) is identical with the type of F. tolucensis from the same 
mountain. Lestuca aequipaleata Fourn. differs only in the tendency of the 
spikelets to be smaller and in the unawned or. very short-awned lemmas. On 
some specimens both awned and awnless lemmas occur, and other specimens 
show complete intergradation to F. folucensis. It is therefore best considered 
a subspecies.* 

Festuca texana Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 310. 1854. 

The type is preserved in Steudel’s herbarium in the Muséum d’Histoire 
Naturelle, Paris. It was collected by Drummond (no. 387) in Texas, at San 
Felipe, as indicated by the specimen at Kew. The plant is Leptochloa fascicu- 
laris (Lam.) A. Gray. 

Festuca pseudoduriuscula Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 312. 1854. 

The type of this, Drummond’s no. 389 from Texas, is also in Paris. It is 
Festuca obtusa Spreng., as is also Drummond's no. 398, indicated by Steudel as 
a variety but not named in publication. According to the specimens at Kew, 
nos. 389 and 398 are both from San Felipe, Texas. 


Festuca glabra Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 358. 1824. 

The original specimen of this is in the Kénigliches Botanisches Museum, 
Dahlem, Berlin, and is labeled “ Seacoast, Long Island, Nuttall.” It is the ordi- 
nary Atlantic coast form of Festuca rubra L. 


*Page 44. 

* Syn. Pl. Glum. 1:310. 1854. 

* Mex. Pl. 2:125. 1881. 

* FESTUCA TOLUCENSIS AEQUIPALEATA ( Fourn.) 
Festuca aequipaleata Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 125. 1881. 


The following specimens of Festuca tolucensis have been examined : 
Mexico (Srare): Mount Toluca, Bonpland in 1833 (type); Heller 306 
(type of F. multiculmis) ; Rose & Painter 7983; E. W. Nelson 14. 
MoreELos: Mount Popocatapetl, Hitchcock 6001; Rose & Hay 5735, 6297, 
5978a. 
JaLisco: Mount Nevada, Hitchcock 7167, 7158, 71653. 
PursLa: Mount Orizaba, Seaton 193, 228; Liebmann 510, 511 in part. 
Specimens of Festuca tolucensis acquipaleata have been examined as follows: 
PUEBLA: Mount Orizaba, Liebmann 510, 511 in part. 
MoRELos: Mount Popocatapetl, Rose & Hay 5697. 
San Luis Porosr: Specific locality not stated, Parry & Palmer 924. 


PIPER—-SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ON FESTUCA. 199 


Festuca delawarica Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 129. 1829. 

Poa delawarica Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 174. 1827. 

The type is in Berlin, labeled “ Delaware (Bernhardi)”. The specimen was 
apparently grown in the Botanic Garden at Berlin. It is the species American 
botanists call Puccinellia distans. 


Festuca villiflora Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 313, 1854. 

The type is in Steudel’s Herbarium at Paris labeled “ Labrador, Missionary 
Albrecht” and consists of one small plant. It is Festuca rubra kitaibeliana 
(Schultes) Piper, as previously surmised from Steudel’s description. 


Festuca megalura Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. n. ser. 1: 188. 1847. 

This has as synonyms F. commutata Steud.’ and F. chaetantha Kunze, cited 
as a synonym under fF’ sciuroides by Desvaux.? Both types are in Paris. 
Festuca eriolepis Desv. in Gay, Fl. Chil. 6: 428, 1853. 

The type is in the herbarium of the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. It 
is not the plant described and figured in Contributions from the U. 8. National 
Herbarium volume 10, but is the same as Festuca octoflora hirtella Piper.’ 
The Chilean specimens have usually but 5 florets to each spikelet, a condition 
that also occurs in dwarfed specimens from California and Oregon. 


* Syn. Pl. Glum. 1:304, 1854. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10:18. 1906. 
“In Gay, Fl. Chil. 6:427. 1850. *Op. cit. 12. 


DELPHINIUM SIMPLEX AND ITS IMMEDIATE ALLIES. 


By CHARLES V. PIPER. 


Delphinium simplex Dougl. and a few related species are distin- 
guished among American larkspurs by the following combination of 
characters: Roots grumose or tuberiform; flowers short-pediceled 
and the inflorescence therefore narrow and strict; sepals erect or but 
little spreading; seeds smooth and produced into thin margins on 
the angles. Four species have been described as belonging to this 
group, namely D. simplex Dougl., D. distichum Geyer, D. strictum 
A. Nels., and D. burkei Greene, the last-named to me unknown. 

In the original description of Delphinium simplex Dougl., Hooker * 
gives the locality as follows: “On the subalpine range west of the 
Rocky Mountains near the Columbia, plentiful.” In the Herbarium 
at Kew are two sheets collected by Douglas labeled Delphinium sim- 
plex. One of these bears the legend “On the subalpine range of 
the Rocky Mountains near springs, plentiful.” Some one has written 
“type” on this sheet, a conclusion which seemingly admits of no 
doubt. The other Douglas sheet is from “ Grassy points of land on the 
banks of the Wallawallah.” On this sheet is written in Doctor Gray’s 
handwriting “The type of D. simplex. A. G.” In the British Mu- 
seum is a sheet of the “ Wallawallah ” collection, but none of the 
first mentioned. As the two collections represent the same species 
no error could have originated by choosing either as the type, but 
nevertheless the plant described by Doctor Gray in the Synoptical 
Flora is a different species from Douglas’s original. Apparently 
Doctor Gray understood the species aright when he examined the 
material at Kew, but later was misled by a Douglasian specimen in 
the Gray Herbarium which he supposed was true Delphinium 
simplex. Based on a knowledge of three species in the field and the 
material in the U. S. National Herbarium the following revision of 
the group is offered. 


1H]. Bor. Amer. 1: 25. 1829. 
201 


202 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


KEY TO SPECIES. 


Flowers usually 10 to 20; leaves rather few; puberulence, at 
least of the inflorescence, villous in character and 
somewhat viscid _-.-_-_..--_------eee 1. D. eyanoreios, 
Flowers more numerous; leaves rather many ; puberulence not ‘ 
villous, more or less appressed. 
Leaves puberulent, usually densely so, all with narrow 
divisions; puberulence of inflorescence usually viscid___ 2. D. simples. 
Leaves glabrous or mostly so, the lower with broad divi- 
sions; puberulence of inflorescence usually not viscid__ 3. D. distichum. 
1. Delphinium cyanoreios sp. nov. 

Stems strict, erect, usually simple, 40 to 99 em. high from a thick tuberiform 
root, at least the inflorescence densely velutinous and somewhat viscid, the 
jower portion of the plant puberulent or glabrate; leaves few, the basal usually 
glabrous, parted into 3 cuneate divisions, these again cleft into linear, obtuse 
lobes; upper leaves reduced and more deeply cleft into narrower segments; 
raceme 10 to 30-flowered, 10 to 30 em. long, the pedicels decidedly shorter than 
the spurs; bracts linear-lanceolate: calyx dark blue, sparsely villous without. 
the straight spur 12 to 14 mm. long, much longer than the sepals; upper petals 
whitish, veined, tinged with blue at the tips; carpels 8, 12 to 20 mm. long with- 
out the beak, villous, straight or slightly spreading at maturity; seeds dark, 
smooth, the angles produced into narrow white margins. 

This is the plant Dr. Gray described as D. simplex Dougl.,’ but it is not 
the plant of Douglas. It oceurs mainly in the Blue Mountains of Oregon. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 529341, collected near Sled Creek 
Ranger Station, Wallowa County, Oregon, June 25, 1907, by Frederick V. Coville 
(no. 2444). 

Among the specimens in the U, S. National Herbarium are, in addition, the 
following: 

OREGON: Blue Mountains, Sheldon 8399: Billy Meadows, Blue Mountains, 
1,500 meters alt., J. T. Jardine 812: head of Anthony Creek, Blue Moun- 
tains, 2,100 meters alt., Cusick 2389; Silver Creek, Harney County, 
Cusick 2609; eastern Oregon, Cusick 2181. 2204; Steens Mountain, 
Cusick 1982; Two Color Creek, Blue Mountains, Cusick 3305a; Cliff 
Creek, Blue Mountains, Cusick 33825; source of Rock Creek, Blue 
Mountains, Cusick 3175. 

IDAHO: Craig Mountains, June 23, 1894, Henderson ; South Clearwater, June 
26, 1894, Henderson; near Sawtooth, Everman 603; Long Valley, Hen- 
derson 3140. 

Delphinium depauperatum Nutt. is distinguished from the present species 
almost wholly by the more elongated lower pedicels, but some specimens like 
Cusick’s nos. 3325 and 3175 are ambiguous in this respect. The pubescence of 
the two species is identical. 


2. Delphinium simplex Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 25. 1829. 

In its original locality this species grows in stream bottoms and moist 
meadows and has uniformly pale, dull blue flowers. Douglas’s types represent 
this form. Elsewhere in eastern Washington the flowers are a deeper, brighter 
blue, but the other characters remain the same. This brighter flowered plant 
matches the type of Delphinium strictum A. Nels., but it is scarcely worthy of 
nomenclatorial recognition. 


‘Syn. Fl. 1' : 49. 1895, 


PIPER—DELPHINIUM SIMPLEX AND ITS ALLIES. 203 


Representative examples of this species in the U. S. National Herbarium are 
the following: 
WASHINGTON: Pullman, July 21, 1894, Piper; Elmer 3; July 30, 1895, 
Hardwick; without definite locality, Vasey 160, 161; Wenache, Whited 
1277; Tieton Basin Cotton 449; Hllensburg, Whited 523; Spokane 
County, Suksdorf 720; Falcon Valley, July 17, August, 1881, Suksdorf. 
OREGON: Pine Valley, Cusick 2440; John Day River, H. BE. Brown 72; 
Camas Prairie, Grigiths € Hunter 86. 
BritisH CotumBia: Mouth of Kootenai River, July, 1890, Macoun. 


3. Delphinium distichum Geyer; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1°: 49. 1895. 

This is very closely allied to D. simplex Dougl. and seems to intergrade fully. 
Typically it is distinguished by the broader lobed, nearly glabrous basal leaves. 
The true D. simpler Dovgl. and D. distichum Geyer make up together the 
Delphinium distichum of the Synoptical Flora. On the whole Hooker’s original 
treatment of the plant as a variety of Delphinium simpler (D. simpler dis- 
tichiflorum Hook.)' is perhaps the wisest disposition. 


1 Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 67. 1847. 


~ THE IDENTITY OF HEUCHERA CYLINDRICA. 


By CHARLES V. PIPER. 


In the original description of Heuchera cylindrica Douglas,’ the 
species is stated to occur “On the declivity of low hills, and on the 
steep banks of streams on the west side of the Rocky Mountains.” 
This has always been puzzling from the fact that the plant accepted 
by all American botanists as Heuchera cylindrica occurs only in and 
west of the Cascade Mountains, and grows mainly in copses about low 
moist meadows. An examination of the Douglasian specimens at 
Kew and in the British Museum clears up the discrepancy. At Kew 
there are two sheets, one of which is labeled exactly as quoted by 
Hooker. The other sheet is of the same species, and with scarcely a 
doubt of the same collection, but is labeled merely Heuchera cylindra- 
cea [sic] Dougl. The plant is not at all the one taken by American 
botanists for Heuchera cylindrica, but is the one recently named 
Heuchera columbiana by Rydberg.? Another Douglasian sheet in 
the British Museum has two different species mounted upon it, but 
each is numbered and the label reads: 


“In dry mountain woods near Kettle Falls. 1. H.cylindracea. 2. Heuchera.” 


This writing is in ink and is identified by Dr. A. B. Rendle as that 
of Sir W. J. Hooker. In the lower left-hand corner of the sheet 
written in pencil is the following: “ Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. Flor. 
Bor. Am.” Such pencil inscriptions in the same hand occur on many 
. of the Douglas sheets in the British Museum, but the handwriting is 
not identified. Plant no. 2, unnamed, is a young specimen of the 
species that all American botanists have been calling Heuchera cylin- 
drica, namely, Torrey and Gray,’ Brewer and Watson,‘ Wheelock,’ 
Howell,® Rydberg,’ Rosendahl,* and Piper.° 

As the plant called Heuchera cylindrica by American botanists is 
unnamed, it is here described as a new species. 


1 Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 236. °F. Northw. Amer. 203. 1898. 

2N. Amer. Fl, 22:116. 1905. ™N. Amer. Fl. 227:115. 1905. 

3H], N. Amer. 1:580. 1840. ® Bot. Jahrb. Engler 377: 80. 1905. 
*Bot. Calif. 1:201. 1876. *Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11:322. 1906. 


* Bull. Torrey Club 17: 202. 1890, 
205 


206 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Heuchera chlorantha sp. nov. 

Tufted from a stout branching caudex; leaves all basal, the blades 5 to 8 
cm. broad, orbicular to reniform, deeply cordate, 7 to 9-lobed, the lobes broadly 
rounded or faintly lobed and dentate with broad cuspidate teeth, glabrous ex- 
cept on the veins beneath; petioles 5 to 15 cm. long, with spreading or some 
what retrorse, usually brownish hairs; flowering stems scapiform, 50 to 100 
em. high, villous, with spreading or somewhat retrose brownish hairs, and 
usually bearing one or two fimbriate leaf rudiments; inflorescence a narrow 
dense panicle 5 to 10 cm. long, the short branches 8 to 7-flowered the axis hir- 
sute and glandular; bracts ovate to lanceolate, the lower 3-cleft, fimbriate; 
calyx greenish, turbinate-campanulate, the lobes oblong, obtusish. the whole 
pruinose-puberulent, 7 to 8 mm., or in fruit 10 to 12 mm. long; petals minute or 
lacking. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no, 690786, collected in Falcon Valley, 
Klickitat County, Washington, June 28, 1892, by, W. N. Suksdorf (no. 17389). 

This species differs from all others in the group by its leaves being mem- 
branaceous instead of subcoriaceous and from all except H. tenuifolia in its 
greenish flowers, the remainder having cream-colored flowers. 

The following additional specimens have been examined: 

WASHINGTON: Sumas Prairie, 1858, Lyall; Kitsap County, July, 1895, 
Piper; Seattle, Piper 2515; Tacoma, Flett 123; Montesano, Heller 4067; 
Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1739 (type); Vancouver, Piper 4944; Upper 
Columbia, Wilkes Exped. 461 (this locality probably wrong, as many 
of the labels on Wilkes Expedition plants are undoubtedly misplaced). 

OREGON : Cascade Mountains, Cusick 2675; Cascade Mountains, latitude 44°, 
Newberry; Farewell Bend, Crook County, Leiberg 481; Elk Creek, 
Jackson County, Applegate 25738; Lake of Woods, Klamath County, 
Coville & Applegate; Western Oregon, June, 1880, Howell 137; Silver 
Creek, Hall 161. 

BriTisH CoLuMBIA: Skidegate. Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Island, 
Osgood in 1890. 

Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. (H. columbiana Rydb.) belongs to an exceedingly 
puzzling group of the genus. Rydberg, in the North American Flora, recognizes 
six species, mainly on the basis of leaf contour and pubescence. The characters 
assigned to the various species do not separate herbarium material into 
homogeneous units, and additional forms would require names if the scheme 
used were carried out fully. It would seem preferable to consider Heuchera 
cylindrica a polymorphous species with several intergrading subspecies. Typical 
examples of Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. are the following: 

WASHINGTON: Loon Lake, July 20, 1897, Winston; Clark Springs, Kreager 
71; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1134; Clark Springs, Beattie &€ Chap- 
man 2019. 

IpaHo: Near Lewiston, Sandberg, Heller & McDougal 161. 

Just how the confusion as regards the identity of Heuchera cylindrica arose 
is difficult to say. In the Gray Herbarium is a specimen marked “ Ex Hooker,” 
which is not the true H. cylindrica, but the plant to which all Amerkcan 
botanists have applied the name. Lindley* published a colored plate of 
Heuchera cylindrica from specimens grown in the garden of the London Horti- 
cultural Society, also stating that Douglas collected it ‘‘in dry mountain woods 
near the Kettle Falls.” This plate evidently represents true Heuchera cylin- 
drica, but modified by the conditions under which it was grown, so that it 
might easily be mistaken for the species here named Heuchera chlorantha. 


* Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 23: pl. 1924. 1887. 


NEW OR NOTEWORTHY SPECIES OF PACIFIC COAST 
PLANTS. 


By CHARLES V. PIPER. 


The identity of many of the older described species of northwestern 
plants can only be settled by an examination of the original speci- 
mens. The conclusions reached from an examination of some of 
these are presented herewith, together with descriptions of several 
new species sent to me from time to time by various correspondents. 


Luzula arcuata major Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 189. 1840. 
The type specimens of this collected by Tolmie on Mount Rainier is at Kew. 
It is identical with Juncoides piperi Coville. 


Alsine viridula sp. nov. 

Perennial, forming dense, prostrate, circular mats, 10 to 20 cm. broad; herb- 
age entirely glabrous except for a few ciliate hairs at the bases of the leaves; 
stems 5 to 10 cm. long, green, scarcely shining, branched; leaves ovate, plane, 
short-acuminate, dull, rather thin, but the veins obscure, 5 to 15 mm. long, 
nearly as long as the internodes, each abruptly narrowed into a short petiole, 
this bearing a few long hairs; flowers solitary in the axils, the pedicels mostly 
shorter than the leaves; sepals oblong-ovate, acutish, green, with a narrow, 
white, scarious margin, thin, 3-nerved, 2 to 2.5 mm. long; petals none; pods 
green, ovoid, not longer than the calyx; seeds dark brown, 0.5 mm. long. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 249940, collected on ridges south 
from Wiessners Peak, Idaho, July 28, 1895, by J. B. Leiberg (no. 1396). 
Growing in springy places in canyons, altitude 1,700 meters. Also collected 
along rivulets in woods, altitude 1,400 meters, in the Blue Mountains, Columbia 
County, Washington, July, 1896, by C. V. Piper (no, 2328). 

This species is a close ally of Alsine crispa (Cham. & Schlecht.) Holzinger,’ 
but that has a much looser habit, with internodes much exceeding the leaves, 
shining stems, less distinctly petioled leaves lacking the basal hairs, pedicels 
mostly exceeding the leaves, and thick, lanceolate sepals which are shorter 
than the capsule and when mature 3-ribbed. The seeds, too, are larger and 
paler. 

Alsine crispa also occurs in Idaho and in the Blue Mountains, but it remains 
perfectly true in its characters. 


Oreobroma longipetala sp. nov. 
Root stout, simple or branched, about 6 cm. long; leaves linear, 2 to 3 cm. 
long, about 2 mm. wide; flowering stems simple or bearing 1 to 3 erect branches, 


2 Alsine crispa (Cham. & Schlecht.) Holzinger, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 
216. 1895. 
Stellaria crispa Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 51. 1826. 


61364? —13——2 207 


208 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


much exceeding the leaves; bracts opposite or the upper alternate, sessile, ovate, 
mostly glandular-denticulate; flowers rose colored (?), long-pediceled ; sepals 
truncate or slightly rounded, 4 to 5 mm. long, with very shert, blunt, glandular 
teeth; petals 12 to 18 mm. long, 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 10881, collected in the Sierra 
Nevada, California, in 1875, by J. G. Lemmon. 

Intermediate between O. pygmaea and O. oppositifolia. 


Arabis olympica sp. nov. 

Perennial from a stout, slightly branched caudex; stems erect, simple, 6 to 
10 em. high, sparsely pubescent with branched hairs; basal leaves obovate to 
oblanceolate, obscurely crenate, obtuse, thickish, sparsely pubescent on the 
midrib and margins with simple hairs, the blade 5 mm. long on a shorter 
margined petiole; cauline leaves 3 to 8 mm. long, sessile, oblong to lanceolate, 
obtuse, entire or nearly so, the margins and midribs pubescent with mostly 
simple hairs; flowers corymbose, somewhat nodding, short-pediceled; sepals 
oblong, acutish, purple-tinged, 2 mm. long; petals white, as long as the sepals; 
pods erect, narrowly linear, obtuse, glabrous, 18 to 23 mum. long on stout, 
glabrous pedicels one-fourth as long; style stout, about 0.5 mm. long. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 690787, collected near Humes 
Glacier, Mount Olympus, Washington, August 12, 1907, by J. B. Flett. 

A near ally of A. furcata 8S. Wats., but distinguished by its much smaller 
flowers and the branched pubescence of the stem. 


Cheiranthus capitatus Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer, 1: 38, 1829. 

The type of this, collected by Douglas ‘on rocky places of the Columbia 
near the sea,” is in the Kew Herbarium, and 2 duplicate is in the British 
Museum. The plant is identical with Erysimum elatum Nutt. and has nothing 
to do with Hrysimum grandifiorum Nutt., to which it has commonly been 
referred. 


Astragalus glareosus, Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer, 1: 52, 1830. 

Wholly on the basis of the description the writer identified this species some- 
what hesitatingly with Astragalus allanaris Sheldon. In Hooker's description 
it was said to be “plentiful on dry gravelly banks of rivers, from the con- 
fluence of Lewis and Clarkes Rivers with the Columbia to the mountains.” 
At Kew there are two sheets of Douglas’s collecting, one labeled “On barren 
sandy grounds, common, a fine plant,” and the other “Abundantly on sandy 
dry grounds in the interior of the Columbia, 1826.” A duplicate of the second 
sheet is in the British Museum. All are flowering specimens of the plant 
later called Astragalus allanaris Sheldon. The plant of Colorado and Wyoming, 
heretofore referred to Astragalus glareosus, is quite different and is properly 
named Astragalus argophyllus Nutt. 


Lysimachia terrestris (1..) B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 34. 1888. 

Viscum terrestre L. Sp. Pl. 1028. 1758. 

This species, not before recorded from west of the Rocky Mountains, has 
been collected at Shoalwater Bay, Washington, in ditches along a cranberry 
bog by Dr. Cora B. Eaton, July 1, 1910. 


Ligusticum scothicum I. Sp. Pl. 250. 1753. 

According to Hooker’ this plant was collected by Douglas at the mouth of 
the Columbia, and Gray’ later identified one of Cooper’s plants as this 
species—“ not rare along the coast at Shoalwater Bay.” What the Cooper 


‘FL Bor, Amer. 1: 265. 1834. 
“U.S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 12°: 62. 1860. 


PIPER—NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PACIFIC COAST PLANTS. 209 


plant may be is uncertain, as the specimens have not been found either at 
Washington or in the Gray Herbarium. No Douglas specimens could be found 
either at Kew or in the British Museum, but in both herbaria are undoubted 
specimens of Ligusticum scothicum labeled “ Fort Vancouver, ex Herb. Gre- 
ville.’ While it would not be strange to find this plant on the Washington 
coast, inasmuch as it is common on the shores of Alaska, it has been collected 
by no recent botanist. It is quite certain that the plant does not grow at 
Fort Vancouver, and that the label is erroneous. as many other plants have 
been recorded from this place which do not occur there, 


Pentstemon cinereus sp. nov. 

Cespitose, with several to many slender erect stems from a much-branched 
woody base, the whole herbage densely and minutely canescent-puberulent and 
the inflorescence glandular; leaves all entire, subcoriaceous, the basal ones 
numerous, spatulate-lanceolate, acute, the blades 10 to 20 mm. long, usually a 
little shorter than the petioles; cauline leaves about 6 pairs, lanceolate, broad- 
est at the sessile base, 2 to 38 mm. long, gradually reduced upwards, the mar- 
gins somewhat involute; inflorescence narrow and strict, 10 to 20 em. long, the 
puberulence becoming glandular especially on the peduncles and flowers; 
peduncles erect, 3 to 7-flowered; pedicels very short; calyx 2 mm. long, the 
broadly ovate sepals abruptly acute, not margined; corolla dark blue, tubular, 
10 to 12 mm. long, slightly bilabiate, puberulent on the outside. slightly hairy 
within; sterile filament bearded at the top; anthers splitting their whole length. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 690798, ccllected in dry rocky 
ground at Bend, Crook County, Oregon, July 4, 1907, by Kirk Whited (no. 
8055a ). 

The species is perhaps most closely allied to P. collinus A. Nels. 


Plectritis congesta minor Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 291. 1834. 

The original specimens of Douglas were said to be from “ near the mouth of 
the Columbia.” The specimens at Kew, apparently the originals, are labeled 
“near the ocean.” They are merely small plants of Plectritis congesta, and 
have nothing to do with Plectritis macrocera Torr. & Gray, under which P. 
congesta minor Hook. was cited as a synonym in the Synoptical Flora. Plectri- 
tis macrocera is not known to occur west of the Cascade Muntains. 


Erigeron filifolius (Hook.) Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 7: 308. 1841. 

Diplopappus filifolius Hook Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 21, 1834. 

In the original description this plant, collected by Douglas, was said to be 
“Common on the Great Falls of the Columbia; and barren grounds of the 
interior.””’ There has been doubt as to whether this name properly applies to 
the plant with yellow flowers named Frigeron peucephyllus by Gray,’ or to 
a closely related species with violet or purple flowers. The doubt is probably 
traceable to Hooker’s original description, where the rays are described as 
“ flavescentibus.”” In the British Museum there are three sheets of Douglas’s 
specimens labeled Diplopappus filifolius. One of these is inscribed “ Sandy 
ground near the Great Falls of the Columbia, 1825.” This plant is the species 
described as Hrigeron filifolius in the Synoptical Flora of North America, and 
the sheet is doubtless the type or a duplicate type. The other two sheets are 
labeled ‘‘ Dry grassy plains of the Columbia, 1826.” Both are Hrigeron peuce- 
phyllus Gray. In the Kew Herbarium are also three Douglasian sheets of 
Diplopappus filifolius Hook., but all represent the same species as the “ Great 
Falls” plant in the British Museum. Thus it appears that Doctor Gray’s 
treatment in the Synoptical Flora is correct and that Hooker was misled as 


*Proc. Amer, Acad. 16: 89. 1810. 


210 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


to the color of the rays either by their being faded, or, more likely, by the 
two sheets of Hrigeron peucephyllus that he associated with the “ Great Falls” 
plant. The question still remains open as to the identity of Diplopappus 
linearis Hook.’ Search for the original specimens of this, both at Kew and at 
the British Museum, was unsuccessful. Doctor Gray cited the name with doubt 
as 2 synonym of Hrigeron ochroleucus Nutt. 


Aster columbianus sp. nov. 

Stems slender, erect, 40 to 70 cm. high, somewhat puberulent, much branched 
above and bearing numerous crowded small heads; leaves linear, entire, acute, 
sessile by a broad base, 5 to 8 cm. long, glabrous, or nearly so, except the 
scabrous-ciliate margin; reduced leaves of the branches very numerous and 
more strongly ciliate; involucre turbinate, 5 mm. high; bracts linear, in about 
3 series, somewhat squarrose, the outer cuspidate and ciliate, the inner acute 
and not ciliate, all green at the tips; rays violet, 4 to 5 mm. long; pappus 
sordid; achenes canescent. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, collected at Waitsburg Washington, 
by R. M. Horner. 

In Contributions from the U. S. National Herbarium, volume 11,’ this was 
referred to A. amethystinus Nutt., but that species has the leaves scabrous on 
both surfaces. The whole aspect is that of Aster campestris Nutt., but that has 
the inflorescence glandular. 

The species has been collected as follows: 

WASHINGTON: Wawawai, Piper 1602; Waitsburg, Horner 559 (type), 627; 
Okanogan River, Sereno Watson 191. 
OREGON: Wallowa Mountains, Piper 2513. 


Aster delectus sp. nov. 

Stems puberulent, 10 to 30 cm. high; leaves entire, lanceolate or oblanceolate, 
acute, puberulent especially beneath, sessile by a narrowed base or the lower 
with margined petioles; inflorescence corymbiform, of 3 to 15 rather crowded 
small heads; involucre rather hemispheric, 5 mm. high; bracts pubescent but 
not ciliate, mostly obtuse, in about 3 series; rays violet, 5 mm. long; pappus 
sordid. 

Type in U. S. National Herbarium, no. 411493, collected in a moist meadow 
near the Sycan River, Klamath County, Oregon, August 15, 1901, by W. C. 
Cusick (no. 2761). 

A close ally of A. occidentalis Nutt. 


Aster paludicola sp. nov. 

Glabrous throughout, the rather slender stems 60 to 80 em. high; leaves 
linear-lanceolate, sessile by a slightly narrowed base, entire, acute, 8 to 12 em. 
long, 5 to 7 mm. wide, only the midnerve evident; inflorescence loosely cymose, 
the medium-sized heads few; involucre 6 to 8 mm. high, of 20 to 25 loose bracts 
in about three indistinct series; bracts glabrous, acute, green at tip, chartaceous 
below the middle; rays violet, 8 mm. long; pappus sordid achenes canescent. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no, 620391, collected in Darlingtonia 
swamps, at Hight Dollar Mountain, Josephine County, Oregon, August 15, 1907, 
by C. V. Piper. 

The species is remarkable for the few bracts to the involucre. Its alliance 
is apparently with Aster occidentalis Nutt. 


‘Fl. Bor. Amer, 2: 21, 1834, * Page 572. 


THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF MEIBOMIA OF THE SECTION 
NEPHROMERIA. 


Ly J. N. Rose anpD Pau C. STANDLEY. 


Of the several sections of the genus Meibomia, that designated as 
Nephromeria by Bentham’ is one of the smallest. Besides the Ameri- 
can species, a single one is known from Sumatra. Hitherto six 
American species have been recognized, one of which is but imper- 
fectly known. Three additional ones are described in the present 
paper, making a total of nine. 

The section Nephromeria is distinguished from the others of the 
genus by the few reniform or subreniform joints of the loment. In 
some species this reniform outline is not very pronounced, but there 
is always a more or less evident sinus along the dorsal suture of each 
joint. 

The species fall readily into two groups. In the first, composed 
of but two species, feibomia mollis and M. scopulorum, the loments 
are sessile, the 3 lowest joints usually do not develop, but are small 
and abortive, and the tips of the calyx lobes are subulate. Most 
important of all, the plants are low and erect. In the second group, 
which includes the seven other species, the loments are commonly 
stipitate, only the lowest joint (if any) is abortive, and the calyx 
lobes are flat and broad, far from subulate. Most, if not all, of the 
species of this group are coarse, high-climbing vines. The joints of 
their loments are generally much larger and broader than those of the 
smaller group. 

But few specimens of these plants, excepting only Meibomia 
mollis, are found in herbaria. Explorations in Central America and 
southern Mexico during the last few years have supplied the U. S. 
National Herbarium with ampler material, among which we have 
detected several apparently undescribed species, besides representa- 
tives of all but one of those previously known. 


*In Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 520, 1865, as a subsection of the section 
Heteroloma. 
211 


212 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES. 


Three lowest joints of the loment usually not developing, 
twisted; loments sessile; tips of the calyx lobes 


subulate. 
Leaflets linear-lanceolate; terminal joint of the loment 
semiorbicular _~-_--_-_-_ 1. A. scopulorum. 
Leaflets lance-ovate; terminal joint of the loment ellip- 
tic-oblong, abruptly narrowed at both ends_______ 2. M. mollis. 


Only the lowest joint, or sometimes none, abortive, the joints 
not twisted; loments usually stipitate; tips of calyx 
lobes not subulate. 
Flowers and fruit in a dense panicle; often more than 
two joints of the loment developing___.__________ 3. M. skinneri. 
Flowers and fruit not in a dense panicle, the inflores 
cence open; never more than two joints of the 
loment developing. 


Leaflets orbicular, rounded at the apex_________ 4, M. painteri. 
Leaflets ovate or lanceolate, acute or acutish. 
Leaflets thick, glabrous, and shining above______ 5. M. metallica. 


Leaflets thin, pubescent, and dull above. 
Loments subsessile; leaflets with a broad, 


silvery stripe along the midrib_______ 6. M. albonitens. 
Loments conspicuously stipitate; leaflets not 
striped. 
Leaflets apiculate; joints very large, 
25 to 380 mm. long_____~~______ 7. M. lunata, 


Leaflets not apiculate; joints smaller, 
less than 20 mm. long. 
Joints narrowed at the base; leaf- 


lets lance-ovate _..._________ 8. M. angustata, 
Joints not narrowed at the base: 
leaflets ovate_______________ 9. AM. barclayi. 
1. Meibomia scopulorum (S. Wats.) Rose & Standley. Puare 51, b. 


Desmodium scopulorum S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 24: 47. 1889. 

Stems erect, slender, much branched, pale, minutely uncinate-ouberulent ; 
leaves trifoliolate; petioles slender, 30 to 85 mm. long, striate, puberulent ; 
leaflets linear-lanceolate, 55 to 80 mm. long, acute, rounded at the base, glabrous 
except along the minutely uncinate veins; stipules lanceolate, long-acuminate, 
persistent; petiolules 2 mm. long; inflorescence of terminal or axillary, slender 
panicles or racemes, the branches minutely puberulent: flowers solitary or in 
twos, on slender pedicels 10 mm. long; calyx teeth ovate, with subulate tips ; 
corolla not seen; bracts filiform, short; loments sessile, of usually 4 joints, all 
except the terminal one abortive, the lowest three twisted, densely puberulent ; 
terminal joint semiorbicular, 10 mm. long, with scarcely any suture on the 
upper edge, the walls thin, finely puberulent. 

Type locality, “Guaymas,” Sonora, Mexico. Type collected by Dr. Edward 
Palmer in 1887 (no. 258). 


Specimens examined: 
Sonora: On rocky ledges in the mountains about Guaymas, 1887, Palmer 
258, type collection. 


ROSE AND STANDLEY—MEIBOMIA, SECTION NEPHROMERIA. 213 


2. Meibomia mollis (Vahl) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 198, 1891. Puate 51, d. 

Hedysarum molle Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 83. 1791. 

Desmodium molle DC, Prodr. 2: 332. 1825. 

Stems erect, stout, herbaceous, much branched, minutely uncinate-puberulent ; 
petioles 35 mm. long or less, those of the uppermost leaves very short, uncinate- 
puberulent; leaflets 3, ovate to lanceolate, 24 to 70 mm. long, rounded or some- 
times subcordate at the base, acutish, of about the same color on both surfaces, 
sparingly puberulent above, finely soft-pubescent beneath; petiolules 2 or 3 mm, 
long; stipules 4 mm. long, triangular-subulate; inflorescence mostly of axillary 
and terminal simple racemes disposed so as to form a panicle, the racemes 25 
cm. long or less; flowers usually in clusters of 3 or 4, on slender pedicels 6 mm. 
long; bracts short, filiform, villous, deciduous; calyx cleft almost to the base, 
the lobes about equal, lanceolate, puberulent, their tips subulate; corolla green- 
ish yellow, 3 or 4 mm. long; loments sessile, of usually 4 joints, all except the 
terminal one abortive, twisted, densely puberulent; terminal joint elliptic- 
oblong, somewhat narrowed at both ends, 9 mm. long, with a shallow sinus on 
the upper edge, minutely pubescent, with thin, membranous walls. 

Type locality, Island of St. Croix, West Indies. 


Specimens examined: 

Porro Rico: Sandy soil, Culebra, March, 1906, Britton & Wheeler 238; 
Juana-Diaz, “ad vias circa Escalabrado,’’ November 30, 1885, Sintenis 
2900. 

Sr. Crorx: Jerusalem, January 8, 1896, Ricksecker 198. 

Cusa: Limestone hillside, Guantanamo Bay, March, 1909, Britton 1940. 

Costa Rica: Foréts de Nicoya, January, 1900, Tonduz, Inst. Fis. Geogr. 
Costa Riea 13590. 

Mexico: Limestone ledges near Iguala, Guerrero, October 25, 1900, Pringle 
9264: Tomellin Canyon, Oaxaca, September 7, 1906, J. VN. & J. S. Rose 
11327. 

The Mexican specimens differ in having the terminal joint glabrous except 
along the margin, where it is minutely puberulent ; otherwise there seems to be 
no essential difference from West Indian specimens. 


8. Meibomia skinneri (Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl, 198. 1891. PLATE 51, h. 

Desmodium skinneri Benth.; Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 3: 47. 1880. 

Stems stout, suffrutescent, usually erect, glabrous in age, the younger 
branches with dense, retrorse, soft pubescence, the hairs usually tawny; 
leaves numerous, large, trifoliolate; petioles stout, 5 em. long or less, soft- 
pubescent, striate; stipules lanceolate, 7 or 8 mm. long, deciduous, membrana- 
ceous, strigillose; leaflets ovate to oblong or rhombic-lanceolate, often unequal 
at the base, the terminal one largest and broadest, 12 cm. long or less, acutish 
to obtuse at the apex, rounded at the base, sparingly strigillose above, paler 
and densely velvety-pubescent beneath, the pubescence tawny along the veins, 
elsewhere white; petiolules very short and stout; inflorescence a dense, much 
branched, leafy or naked, terminal panicle, axillary racemes or panicles often 
present, the branches often sparingly uncinate; flowers on filiform pedicels 3 
mm. long; bracts subulate, very short, hirtellous, deciduous; calyx appressed- 
pubescent, scarcely bilabiate, the teeth ovate and acute; corolla deep purple, 
G6 or 7 mm. long; loments of usually 3 joints, raised on a slender stipe 2 or 3 
mm. long; constrictions very narrow; joints semiorbicular, with thin, mem- 


914 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


branous walls, 11 to 18 mm. long, 7 mm. wide, with a very shallow sinus on 
the upper side, puberulent when young, becoming glabrous. 

Type locality, “Guatemala.” Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected by 
Skinner (no. 37). 


Specimens examined: 
GUATEMALA: 1891, J. D. Smith; Garrucha, Depart. Chimaltenango, alt. 1350 
meters, March, 1892, Heyde & Lua 3287; 1892, Heyde 519; Lake Amatit- 
lan, February 11, 1905, W. A. Kellerman 4355. 
Mexico: Roadside between Mascota and San Sebastian, Jalisco, March 14, 
1897, H. W. Nelson 4049; roadside between San Sebastian and the summit 
of the mountain known as the “Bufa de Mascota,” Jalisco, alt. 1800 
° meters, March 20, 1897, Nelson 4109. 


4. Meibomia painteri Rose & Standley, sp. nov. PLATE 51, a. 

Stems herbaceous, climbing, stout, angled, rather sparingly uncinate-hirsute; 
leaves large, trifoliolate; petioles 3 to 7 em. long, stout, uncinate-hirtellous; 
leatiets orbicular or broadly oblong, all of about the same size, 3 to S cm. long, 
sparingly strigillose above and more densely so beneath, slightly paler beneath, 
the veins large and conspicuous; petiolules stout, 5 to 7 mm. long, hirtellous; 
stipules persistent, ovate; inflorescence of simple, axillary racemes, or these 
sometimes sparingly branched, 2 or 3 from each axil, the branches uncinate- 
puberulent; flowers not seen; pedicels 6 mm. long; bracts deciduous: loment of 
1 or 2 joints, on a stipe 8 mm. long, the lower. joint often abortive, the terminal 
one sometimes smaller than the basal; constrictions very narrow; joints 
orbicular-reniform, 10 to 12 mm. long and almost as wide, with a shallow suture 
upon the upper edge, the center hard and turgid, surrounded by a rather thin 
wing, the whole strongly reticulate-veined, sparingly and very finely puberulent. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 690911, collected in Iguala Canyon, 
near Iguala, Guerrero, Mexico, September 21, 1905, by C. G. Pringle (no. 18688 ). 

From all other species of the group this may at once be distinguished by its 
orbicular leaflets and the peculiar inflorescence. The joints of the loment, too, 
are not like those of any other species. 

The species is named for Mr. J. H. Painter, formerly Assistant Curator in the 
Division of Plants of the U. S. National Museum, who, at the time of his death, 
was preparing to monograph the genus Meibomia. He had indicated this plant 
as a new species in the herbarium, but failed to give it a name. 


5. Meibomia metallica Rose & Standley, sp. nov. PLATE 51, c. 

Stems stout, climbing, suffrutescent below, smooth, conspicuously uncinate- 
hirtellous; leaves ample, numerous, trifoliolate; petioles 25 to 60 mm. long, 
vather slender, uncinate-hirtellous; stipules lanceolate, attenuate, deciduous; 
leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base, acute, mucronate, 7 to 11 
cm. long, glabrous and shining above with an almost metallic sheen, thick and 
coriaceous, sometimes sparingly pubescent in the youngest leaves, densely soft- 
pubescent or sericeous beneath, most of the hairs whitish but those along the 
conspicuous veins bright yellow and longer; petiolules stout, 2 or 8 mm. long, 
densely pubescent with tawny hairs; inflorescence of terminal, sparingly 
branched panicles, or of simple, axillary racemes, the branches stout, densely 
uncinate-hirtellous; flowers on slender pedicels 6 mm. long; bracts soon de- 
ciduous, lanceolate, long-acuminate, 4 mm. long, hirsute; calyx finely puberulent, 
large, about 4 mm. long, almost equally 5-toothed, the teeth ovate, abruptly 
short-acuminate; corolla purple; loment raised on a slender stipe 3 mm. long, 
of usually 2 joints, the lower one often abortive; joints quadrate-orbicula#, 
almost straight on the upper edge but with an obtuse suture 2.5 mm. deep, about 


ROSE AND STANDLEY—MEIBOMIA, SECTION NEPHROMERIA. 215 


20 mm. long, thin, conspicuously reticulate, finely hispidulous; constrictions very 
narrow. * 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 408084, collected by O. F. Cook and 
R. F. Griggs at Cajabon, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, March 30, 1902 (no. 354). 
The specimen on this sheet is in fruit, but a flowering branch of the same collee- 
_ tion is mounted on sheet no, 408083. The thick leaflets, glabrous and shining on 
the upper surface, distinguish the plant from all the related species, but good 
additional characters are found in the fruit. 

Other specimens examined: 
GUATEMALA: Sehachicha, Alta Verapaz, March, 1902, H. von Tuerckheim 
8367. 


6. Meibomia albonitens (Lem.) Rose & Standley. 

Rhynchosia?.albonitens Lem, Il]. Hort. Lem. 1861: pl, 290. 1861. 

Desmodium skinneri albolineatum Hook. Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 5452. 1864. 

Desmodium skinneri albonitens Hook. loc. cit. 

Desmodium scutatum Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 3: 46. 1880. 

Meibomia scutata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 198. 1891. 

Type locality, “Tierras templadas” of Mexico. The species was described 
from plants cultivated from seeds collected by Ghiesbreght. 

We have seen no specimens corresponding to the plates cited and to Hemsley’s 
description of the species. That author describes the loments as subsessile and 
the joints as being one to one and one-half inches in diameter. The leaflets are 
jllustrated as having a lighter, silvery stripe running along the midribs. None 
of our specimens of the section Nephromeria agree with these requirements. 
Meibomia lunata seems to be very closely related and comes from about the 
same region where M. albonitens was probably collected, but that species has 
conspicuously stipitate loments and its leaflets are of the same shade of green 
throughout. 


7%. Meibomia lunata (T. S. Brandeg.) Rose & Standley. PLATE 51, f. 

Desmodium lunatum T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 246. 1908. 

Stems somewhat woody below, climbing, slender,’ the older ones glabrous, the 
younger uncinate-hirtellous; leaves trifoliolate; stipules deciduous; petioles 
slender, 2 to 5 cm. long, uncinate; leaflets all of about the same size, 55 to 95 
mm. long, lanceolate, acute, mucronate, dull green above, paler beneath and 
densely sericeous, sparingly strigillose above, the veins few and inconspicuous; 
petiolules stout, 2 to 3 mm. long, villous; inflorescence of terminal or axillary 
simple racemes or panicles, with uncinate-puberulent branches; flowers on 
slender pedicels 2 or 3 mm. long; bracts deciduous, less than 4 mm. long, lance- 
ovate, acuminate, reddish, pilose with yellowish hairs; calyx sparingly villous, 
the teeth ovate, acuminate; corolla purplish, 5 or 6 mm. long; joints large, 
24 mm. long or less and almost as wide, quadrate-orbicular, with an acute 
suture 5 mm. deep on the upper edge, conspicuously reticulate-veined, puberu- 
lent, usually with an acute beak at the apex; constrictions 1 to 2 mm. wide. 

Type locality, “In openings of forests near Zacuapan,” Vera Cruz. Mexico. 
Type collected in 1906 by C. A. Purpus, no. 1907. 

Specimens examined: 


Mexico: Zacuapan, Vera Cruz, 1906, Purpus 1907, type collection ; Zacuapan, 
January, 1907, Purpus 2961. 


8. Meibomia angustata Rose & Standley, sp. nov. PLATE 51, 9. 
Stems slender, flexuous, herbaceous, the older ones almost glabrous, the 
younger very finely and rather sparingly uncinate-puberulent ; leaves numerous, 


216 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


trifoliolate; petioles slender, 17 to 30 mm. long, angled, finely retrorse-pubes- 
cent; stipules “deciduous; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base, obtuse, 
24 to 80 mm. long, of about the same color on both surfaces, sericeous on both 
sides, more densely so beneath; petiolules stout, 3 mm. long, densely pubescent; 
inflorescence of few, rather remote, simple racemes 17 cm. long or less, the 
slender branches puberulent.; flowers on slender pedicels 1 to 2 mm. long; 
bracts subulate or lanceolate, very small, early deciduous; calyx finely pubes- 
cent, the teeth triangular, acute; corolla deep purple, 5 mm. long; loment of a 
single joint, raised on a slender stipe 2.5 mm. long; joints semiorbicwlar, 15 
mm. long, conspicuously narrowed and acute at the base, rounded at the apex, 
with an obtuse sinus 2 mm. deep on the upper edge, finely puberulent, the walls 
very thin and transparent, the persistent and very slender style 3 mm. long. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 327048, collected along the road- 
side between San Sebastian and Las Palmas, Jalisco, Mexico, altitude 300 to 
600 meters, March 30, 1897, by E. W. Nelson (no. 4126). 

This plant is more closely related to M. skinneri than to any other member 
of the group, but it differs in the uniformly solitary joint, deep sinus, narrow 
base of the joint, and more scanty and open intlorescence. It is impossible to 
tell from our specimens whether the stems are erect or climbing. 


9. Meibomia barclayi (Benth.) Rose & Standley. PLATE 51, e. 

Desmodium barclayi Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 88. 1844. 

Stems herbaceous, climbing, flexuous, uncinate-hirtellous, the branches di- 
verging almost at right angles to the main axis; leaves trifoliolate; petioles 
2 to 3 cm. long, uncinate-hirtellous; leaflets broadly ovate to rhombic-ovate, 
the terminal one largest, about 4 cm. long, the lateral ones 2 to 3 em. long, all 
puberulent on both surfaces, paler beneath; petiolules about 1 mm. long; stipules 
semiovate, acuminate, 4 mm. long, striate; inflorescence of terminal or axillary, 
sparingly branched panicles, these usually about 10 ecm. long, the branches 
sparingly uncinate; flowers not seen; loment of usually 2 joints connected by a 
very narrow isthmus, raised on a stipe 3 mm. long, the pedicels 4 or 5 mm. 
long; joints reniform-orbicular, 9 to 12 mm. long and almost as wide, with an 
acute suture 2 mm. deep upon the upper edge, the central portion bard and 
turgid, brown, surrounded by a broad and thin, green wing, the whole con- 
spicuously reticulate, glabrous except along the puberulent edges. 

Type locality, “Central America.” Type collected by Barclay. Hemsley: 
cites * a specimen of Barclay’s from Nicaragua. This is probably the type. 
Specimens examined: 

Costa Rica: Buissons 4 Nicoya, January, 1900, Tonduz, Inst. Fis. Geogr. 
Costa Rica, no. 13577. 

The specimen cited answers the original description of Desmodium barclayi 
very well, and is the only such plant examined. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 51.—Loment, a, of Meibomia painteri, from type specimen: 
b, of M. scopulorum, from a specimen of the type collection; c, of M. metallica, from 
type specimen; d, of M. mollis, from a specimen collected by Ricksecker (no. 198) at 
Jerusalem, St. Croix; e, of M. barclayi, from Nicoya, Costa Rica, Tonduz 13577; f, of 
M. lunata, from a specimen of the type collection; g, of ‘M. angustata, from type speci- 
men; h, of M. skinneri, from specimen collected by Heyde and Lux, near Garrucha, 
Guatemala (no. 3287). All twice natural size. 


* Biol. Centr. Amer, Bot. 1: 275. 1880, 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 51. 


FRUITS OF EIGHT SPECIES OF MEIBOMIA. 


RAIMONDIA, A NEW GENUS OF ANNONACEAE FROM 
COLOMBIA. 


By W. BW. SaFForb. 


While studying the Annonaceae in the United States National 
Herbarium the writer came upon a specimen from the interior of 
Colombia, collected by Prof. Henry Pittier, with peculiarities ren- 
dering it so distinct from all recognized genera of that family as to 
require its segregation as a new genus. 

The flowers and fruit of the plant bear a superficial resemblance 
to those of chirimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) and its allies; but 
the plant is monecious, and the inner petals instead of being minute 
and scale-like, as in the flowers of the chirimoya, are valvate and 
triangular, forming a tent-like covering to the sexual organs. The 
most radical difference, however, which requires this plant to be set 
apart from all other Annonaceae is in the peculiar form of the sta- 
mens. In Annona and Rollinia, which have compound fruits (syn- 
carpia), as well as in our own Asimina and many other genera of 
the family, the connective of the stamens is more or less expanded 
into a terminal head or hood-like covering above the two pollen sacs. 
In Professor Pittier’s plant the two pollen sacs are terminal without 
the slightest indication of the elongation or expansion of the con- 
nective. Indeed, the stamens differ so radically from those of typical 
Annonaceae that one would be inclined to separate the plant from that 
family were it not that its other characteristics are those of the 
Annonaceae, namely: Two-ranked, alternate leaves without stipules, 
6-petaled flowers with the petals in 2 series, and seeds with copious, 
ruminate albumen and minute basal embryo. In addition to these 
general features, the punctate, short-petioled, feather-veined, entire 
leaves, and the compound fleshy fruit (synearpium) point to its 
alliance with the custard apples or Annonas. 


RAIMONDIA gen. nov. 


Arborescent; leaves deciduous, 2-ranked, entire, minutely punctate; flowers 
moncecious, nodding, closely crowded on extra-axillary branchlets often oppo- 
site a leaf or issuing from old bark; sepals 3, valvate, persistent, much smaller 


217 


218 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


than the petals, broadly ovate or triangular, cohering at the base; petals 6, 
hypogynous, in 2 series, coriaceous, valvate; outer petals lanceolate, concave 
at the base, when mature much longer than the inner; inner petals (those only 
of male flowers observed) ovate forming a pyramidal covering to the andre- 
cium; receptacle (torus) hemispherical or conoid; stamens closely crowded in 
a broadly ovoid or conoid mass; filaments short and thick, bearing at their 
extremity a pair of contiguous pollen sacs, somewhat like those of the genus 
Annona, but much shorter and without the characteristic annonaceous hood-like 
or capitate, expanded connective above them; female flower long-peduncled 
(when mature); carpels humerous, coherent, closely crowded on the torus; 
ovules solitary; fruit oblong, resembling that of an Annona, formed by the con- 
solidation of the carpels into a fleshy mass around the elongated torus as an 
axis; seeds enveloped when fresh by a thin membranous aril; testa thin, 
glabrous, impressed with shallow pits; albumen ruminate as in other Anno- 
naceae, with the minute embryo embedded in its base. 

Type species, Raimondia monoica. 

The genus is named in honor of the eminent geographer and naturalist, Prof. 
Antonio Raimondi, in recognition of his valuable scientific work in many fields 
and in grateful acknowledgment of his kindly assistance to a young botanist 
studying the vegetation of the shores and mountains of his adopted country.2 


Raimondia monoica sp. nov. Prates 52, 53. 

A small tree with the younger parts densely ferrugineous-tomentose: branches 
at length glabrate, terete, grayish brown; leaf blades obovate to oblanceolate, 
18 to 23 em. long and 5 to 12.5 em. broad, membranaceous, usually acute at the 
base (sometimes somewhat rounded), abruptly acuminate, feather-veined, undu- 
late, at first densely ferrugineous-tomentose on both sides, at length sparsely 
“$0 except along the prominent midrib and lateral veins beneath, these per- 
sistently ferrugineous-tomentose ; petioles with a similar indument, 10 to 15 
mm. long, with a longitudinal sroove above, this a continuation of the impressed 
channel along the midrib; inflorescence densely ferrugineous-tomentose, con- 
sisting of several flowers closely crowded on short extra-axillary branchlets, 
these often issuing from the old wood or from a point opposite a leaf; peduncles 
5 to 15 mm. long, densely ferrugineous-tomentose with a broad, clasping, ovate, 
acuminate bracteole below the middle and one at the base; flowers monecious, 
the pistillate flower issuing from the base of the flowering branchlet (in the 
specimens examined) and several staminate flowers occupying the remainder; 
calyx divisions broadly ovate or triangular, abruptly acuminate, 2.5 mm. long 
and 2.5 mm. broad at the base, ferrugineous-pubescent ; outer petals valvate, 
lanceolate, rounded at the apex, 15 to 20 mm. long and 7 to 8 mm. broad, with 


*Raimondi, Antonio. Born at Milan, 1825; died at Lima, Peru, December, 
1890. An eminent geographer and naturalist. He went to Peru in 1850, and 
spent twenty years in traveling and collecting material for his great work on 
the geography and natural history of the Republic. This was to have been 
printed at the expense of the nation, and three preliminary volumes appeared 
(1874, 1876, and 1880). The edition of the fourth volume was destroyed by the 
Chileans in 1881, and after the war the publication was interrupted; but the 
materials collected by Raimondi, including his valuable herbarium, are preserved 
by the Peruvian Geographical Society. Included in his great work, #1 Peru, 
are accounts of the vegetation of various parts of the Republic. He also pub- 
lished Elementos de la Botanica for the use of schools (Lima, 1857), and during 
the latter part of his life he was professor of botany and zoology at Lima. See 
Amat di San Filippo, Stud. Biogr. Viagg. Ital. p. 597, 1882. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 52, 


RAIMONDIA MONOICA SAFFORD. 


PLaTe 53. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol 16. 


a7m Seon 


\, 


Ser nay sta Serene i 


Syren ame 


mo 


FP Sa ML TSS EE 


RAIMONDIA MONOICA SAFFORD, 


SAFFORD—RAIMONDIA, A NEW GENUS OF ANNONACEAE. . 219 


a ferrugineous, silky pubescence on the outside; inner petals triangular, con- 
cave, rounded at the apex, 7 to 8 mm. high and 6 to 7 mm. broad at the base, 
forming a cone-like covering over the sexual organs; receptacle hemispherical 
or conoid in the male flower, in the female flower elongating at length into 
a linear axis, the carpels radiating around this at right angles; male flowers 
without vestiges of carpels; stamens very numerous, the pollen sacs terminal 
contiguous, oval, dehiscing on the back by a median longitudinal slit; fila- 
ment stout and fleshy; female fiowers with very numerous one-ovuled carpels 
closely crowded and cohering, forming an oblong gyneecium, this devel- 
oping into a glabrous, thin-skinned compound fruit about 10 cm. long and 5 
cm. in diameter, shaped somewhat like an ear of maize, depressed at the base, 
and rounded at the apex, borne on a peduncle 2 to 2.5 em. long; seeds oblong- 
obovate, flattened laterally and usually obliquely truncate at the apex, sharp- 
edged, enveloped when fresh in a thin membranous aril as in the genus Annona 
and surrounded by scant pulp; testa chestnut-colored, thin and brittle, with the 
surface glabrous and shining but punctate with shallow pits, rough on the 
inner surface to conform with the grooves of the endosperm, this ruminate as in 
other Annonaceae and with the minute embryo embedded in its base. 

The staminate flowers shrivel up and fall off after having performed their 
function, and the peduncles of the pistillate flower elongate and thicken as the 
fruit matures. The large obovate, membranaceous, undulate leaves with their 
short petioles, somewhat resemble those of Annona purpurea. The branches, 
however, are not conspicuously covered with lenticels, as in many Annonaceae, 
though these are present in the grayish brown bark of the older branches. 

Type in the United States National Herbarium, nos. 5381655 and 531656, col- 
lected from the same tree, at the Alto de Primicias, near Jambalé, Rio Palo 
pasin, Tierra Adentro, Cordillera Central of Colombia, altitude 2,600 meters, 
latitude about 2° 25’ north, February 5, 1906, by Prof. Henry Pittier (no. 1456). 
Only a single tree was observed. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 52, 53.—Plate 52, leaf and fruit. Reproduced from a field 
photograph taken by Cc. B. Doyle. Natural size. Plate 53, details of inflorescence and fruit. 
a, Male flower from which one outer petal has been removed, showing the three inner 
vaivate petals covering the andreecium: b, male flower from which the calyx, outer petals, 
and one inner petal have been removed, showing the andrecium; c, stamen composed of 
thick fleshy filament and a pair of pollen sacs, seen from the outside or back; d, in- 
florescence from the base of which a female flower has heen broken; e, young fruit with 
persistent calyx; f, mature fruit: cross-section showing the seeds inclosed in their mem- 


pranous arils; g, seeds with aril removed showing the glossy, glabrous testa. a, b, Scale 
about 2; ¢, scale 20; d, e, f, g, natural size. Drawings by J. M. Shall. 


FOUR NEW SPECIES OF GOLDENROD FROM THE EAST- 
ERN UNITED STATES. 


By E. S. STEELE. 


The Solidagos here described are all kindred plants, but the first 
seems to connect more with the American virgaurea types and the 
other three rather with the speciosa group. The latter would all 
probably be referred to S. rigidiuscula, if to any recognized species. 

Consulting on the one hand the original description’ and on the 
other the material in the National Herbarium, by 8S. rigidiuscula, 
we should understand a plant 50 to rarely 90 cm. high with the leaves 
thick, crowded throughout, none of them much’ enlarged, the inflor- 
escence (at least normally) narrow and dense, the heads distinctly 
smaller than those of S. speciosa. This would admit several Northern 
specimens with somewhat thinner leaves and a much less xerophytic 
aspect, which may eventually be regarded as distinct, but would 
exclude forms from east of Lake Michigan with the lower leaves more 
separated and enlarged. It would also exclude S. venulosa Greene,’ 
a plant ranging from Texas to Kansas, sharply distinguished by its 
larger heads. The three new species all have the heads rather small, 
but differ in inflorescence and foliage.* 

Solidago castrensis Steele, sp. nov. 

Stem erect, 60 to probably 75 em, high, rather slender, very smooth. glabrous 
nearly or quite to the inflorescence, upwards increasingly though moderately 
hispidulous; foliage sparse, the lower internodes 3 to 5 em. long, those above 
gradually somewhat shortened; about five of the lower leaves clearly petiolate. 
the longest petioles 5 em. long, somewhat margined but involute and appearing 
slender, a few of the lowest with vestiges of a hispid ciliation near the insertion ; 
largest leaves 12 to 14 cm. long, their blades narrowly elliptic-obovate, 25 to 35 
mm. wide, acute or often apiculate, at length cuneately narrowed into the petiole, 
serrate for at least the upper half with strongly mucronate teeth; remaining 
leaves subpetiolate or at last merely attenuate at the base, more finely serrate 
or sometimes almost entire; all the leaves moderately thick, coriaceous, the 
slightly upturned margin obscurely roughened, otherwise smooth and glabrous, 


*Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 205. 1842. 
* Pittonia 5: 138. 1903. 
®’The note may be here appended that the plant intended by me in Contri- 
butions, volume 18, page 371, under the name Solidago missouriensis was 
S. glaberrima Mart. 
221 


222 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


with two or three pairs of fairly distinct pinnate veins, the reticulation obvious 
but not obtrusive; bracts leaf-like and exceeding the clusters for more than half 
the length of the inflorescence, this loose at the base, more compact above, cylin- 
draceous, the racemes usually only 2 em, long, but sometimes more developed, 
slightly if at all compounded, rather acutely ascending; heads narrowly cam- 
panulate, 5.5 to 6.5 mm. deep; longer tegules? linear to linear-oblong, obtuse, 
especially in broader states, the tips sometimes wider than the body, sometimes 
with an incipient isthmus, an oval, herbaceous spot on the back extending as a 
line far downward; disk flowers 8 to 10; ray flowers 6 to 8; blade of rays oval, 
2 mm. long, 1 to 1.2 mm. wide; achenes small, glabrous. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 670444, collected at Camp Douglas, 
Juneau County, Wisconsin, September 9, 1890, by Dr. E. A. Mearns (no. 96). 

Besides the type specimen there are from the same collector and the same 
locality another sheet of the same number, but dated September 13, and two 
others numbered 98 dated September 9. There are two sheets of Mearns 96 
which belong apparently to two other species, 

The specimens more resemble 8. erecta than does any other Western material 
seen, having not only a cylindraceous inflorescence but a similar distribution of 
the foliage. I think, however, that the species really connects most directly 
with 8. sciaphila? and 8. gillmani,; a view countenanced by the location; in any 
case it is not remote from these. It differs from 8S. erecta in its much Jower 
stature, its less spreading branches, the more petiolate tendency of the lower 
leaves, and its smaller heads and narrower rays and tegules. It differs from 
S. sciaphila in its much narrower and differently shaped leaves, these also some- 
what thicker and firmer, and in its somewhat smaller heads with less her- 
baceous involucre. It is a much less heavy plant than 8S. gillmani and erect in 
habit, with far smaller heads. 


Solidago chandonnetii Steele, sp. nov. 

Stem 50 to 75 cm. high, of medium thickness, somewhat decumbent at the 
base and moderately arcuate, also irregularly somewhat flexuous, glabrous well 
into the inflorescence, the summit and the distal part of the branches thinly 
clothed with short, stout, ascending hairs; lower internodes little longer than the 
upper, the leaves rather numerous but not crowded; foliage habit unequally 
fusiform, the leaves longest about one-third the distance from base to inflores- 
cence; none of the leaves much lengthened, the largest about 12 cm. long, the 
lower all petiolate, the upper subpetiolate or at last merely with an attenuate 
base; blades of the lower leaves oblong, at least a few of them ovately nar- 
rowed or even rounder at the apex, those of the middle leaves obovate-lanceolate, 
acute or nearly so, the remaining leaves reducing to oblanceolate, continuing 3 
cm. long up to the inflorescence; all the leaves of medium thickness, firmly 
coriaceous, roughened on the slightly upturned margin, otherwise smooth and 
glabrous, pinnately veined but the veins conspicuous only in the lower leaves, 
rather densely reticulate all over, the lines somewhat more prominent beneath ; 
inflorescence paniculate, ovoid, in weaker specimens more narrowly so, rather 
dense, the racemes contiguous or a little separated, the upper racemes simple, 
the lower moderately compounded, the heads humerous; heads narrowly cam- 
panulate, only 4 to 5 mm. deep; medial tegules oblong, the inner linear-oblong, 
both varying somewhat in width, ovately tipped or more rounded; all firm in 
texture, slightly herbaceous in the middle as indicated by a brown line, some- 
what glutinous, minutely double-keeled, the ridges tending to form a loop above, 
but this mostly obscure; disk flowers about 6 to 5, ray flowers about 5 to 7. 


‘ Involucre bracts. 
* Contr. Nat. Herb. 18: 371. 1911. 
* Op. cit. 367. 


STEELE—GOLDENRODS FROM THE EASTERN UNITED STATES. 223 


Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 691211, collected at Perham, Otter- 
tail County, Minnesota, August 6, 1912, by Rey. Z. L. Chandonnet. 

The National Herbarium has a second specimen of the same collection and 
another from the same locality, August 10, 1911, Chandonnet 3789; also (later 
received) from the same collector, unnumbered, two specimens from the Otter- 
tail River, August 13, 1912; three from Perham, August 22, 1912; and two from 
Luce, Ottertail County, August 23, 1912. There is besides these also a sheet 
with two good plants from Zumbrota, Goodhue County, Minnesota, August, 
1892, C. A. Ballard. 

The habitat is indicated as sometimes dry, sandy soil, sometimes prairie. 

This species differs from 8. rigidiuscula in its sparser, biserial foliage and its 
ovoid panicle. It has in its foliage a distinct look toward 8. fisheri, but it is a 
lower and relatively stouter plant with a larger and more dense inflorescence, 
smaller heads, and heavier involucres. 

The National Herbarium is indebted to Father Chandonnet for other im- 
portant communications. 


Solidago fisheri Steele, sp. nov. 

Stem 80 to 90 em. high, reducible to 60 cm., slender, smooth nearly or quite 
to the inflorescence, there thinly or distally more thickly, hispidulous; lower 
and upper stem leaves well differentiated; four or five lower internodes 3 to 5d 
em. long, the corresponding leaves (excluding imperfect ones at base) well 
petioled, the largest 11 to 17 cm, long, the blades oblong or, especially below, 
narrowly obovate, 20 to 42 mm. wide, obtuse or apiculate, rather finely feather- 
veined, reticulate in the intervals, the margin entire or commonly with a few 
low teeth or crenations toward the summit, the petioles always margined, rather 
variable in length and breadth; remaining leaves subpetiolate nearly through- 
out, gradually reduced in length and breadth, entire; all the leaves slightly 
thick and somewhat coriaceous, rather firm, smooth except the margin, appar- 
ently rather green when fresh; inflorescence paniculate, narrowly ovoid or 
cylindraceous, 15 to 21 cm. long, sometimes reduced, rather loose, the slender 
branches placed at an angle of about 45 degrees, only a few of the longest 
racemes at all compounded, the bracts of the inflorescence linear to filiform, 
the pedicels slender, the longer 3 to 5 mm. long; heads narrowly campanulate, 
5 to 6 mm. long; lower tegules oblong, the following linear-oblong, both ovate 
at the tip, rather thick and firm; disk flowers 5 to 7; ray flowers 5 to 9; rays 
oblong-oblanceolate; achenes very small, glabrous. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 619505, collected at Michigan 
City, Laporte County, Indiana, August 12, 1909, by George L. Fisher (no. 107). 
On sand hills. 

The National Herbarium has three other specimens from the same source, 
and a smal] specimen almost surely the same from sandy bluffs at Kilbourn, 
Wisconsin (August 26, 1909, Steele 40). The type sheet bears two large indi- 
viduals. 

Solidago jejunifolia Steele, sp. nov. 

Stem about 77 cm. high, light colored, striate-angled, smooth to the inflor- 
escence, the summit with the branches thinly clothed with very short, coarse, 
ascending hairs; internodes 2 to 3 cm, long for nearly half the leafy segment, 
the upper moderately shorter, a few reduced to 1 cm.; longest leaves about the 
fourth to the sixth from the base, 7 to 8 cm. long, somewhat petiolate, the blade 
oblanceolate or lanceolate, 9 mm. wide, acute or nearly so, the petiole flat and 
rather broad, the leaves below shorter, a little broader and doubtless more 
blunt, the leaves above linear-oblanceolate, ovately acute at the tip, short- 
attenyate at the base; all the leaves rather thick, firmly coriaceous, hispidulous- 


61364° —13——3 


224 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


ciliate, otherwise smooth and glabrous, light colored; inflorescence about 20 cm. 
long, rather even in width, after pressing, 5 or 6 cm. wide, loose below, denser 
above, the branches slender, strongly ascending, the racemes with 7 to 12 heads, 
a few of the middie ones very slightly compounded, the peduncles slender, 2 
to 4 mm, long; heads campanulate, 5 mm. long; involucre scarcely at all her- 
baceous, the tegules double-keeled but the lines not obviously looped above, the 
middle tegules oblong, ovately tipped; flowers about 17 to 20, of these 5 to 8 
radiate, the rays oblanceolate-oblong, 2.5 mm. long; achenes glabrous. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 619303, collected on Indian River, 
Cheboygan County, Michigan, August 8, 1890, by C. F. Wheeler. . 

Allied to 8. fisheri, but differing conspicuously in its greatly reduced foliage 
and in its cylindraceous instead of ovoid inflorescence; also substantially in its 
lower stature and relatively stouter habit and in the slightly shorter but fuller 
heads. There is only one specimen, but the essential characters are entirely 
clear. 


THREE NEW GENERA OF STILT PALMS (IRIARTEACKAE) 
FROM COLOMBIA, WITH A SYNOPTICAL REVIEW 
OF THE FAMILY. 


By O. F. Cook Aanp C. B. DoYLe. 


FAMILY CHARACTERS. 


The palms of the strictly American family Iriarteaceae are readily 
distinguished in nature by the fact that the trunk does not reach the 
ground but is supported by a cluster of large, stilt-like, aerial roots. 
In the smooth trunk and the long sheathing bases of the leaves the 
stilt palms have a superficial resemblance to the royal palms (Acris- 
taceae), but the floral and foliar characters show altogether different 
lines of specialization. 

The leaves of the Iriarteaceae differ from those of any other pin- 
nate palms in the strong development and radial position of the 
veins. Even when the segments are narrow and parallel so that the 
clusters closely resemble the pinne of other palms, there is no 
specialization of a definite midvein larger than the others. This lack 
of specialization may be considered an explanation of the peculiar 
irregular or premorse margin of the leaves, a feature that is par- 
alleled, among American palms, only in certain genera of Co- 
caceae, such as Tilmia and Curima. 


SURVEY OF THE GENERA. 


The classification of Triartea and the related genera has received 
very diverse treatment at the hands of Martius, Karsten, Wendland, 
and Drude. The very incomplete original description of I[riartea 
by Ruiz and Pavon was supplemented by Martius from his knowledge 
of the Brazilian species. Karsten in establishing two new Colom- 
bian genera, Deckeria' and Socratea,? accepted the characters as- 
cribed to Iriartea by Martius and thus invited criticism by Wendland 
for not considering the true type of the genus, the Peruvian /. 
deltoidea. 


* Linnaea 28: 258. 1856. . ? Op. cit. 28: 263. 1856. 


we 
on 


226 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Finding in the female flowers of J. deltoidea the series of rudi- 
mentary stamens which Karsten had considered distinctive of his 
genus Deckeria, Wendland reunited this to Iriartea, though he ac- 
cepted Karsten’s second genus Socratea as well founded. Three 
new genera, Triartella,' Catoblastus,? and Dictyocaryum, were. pro- 
posed by Wendland, who also transferred to this group the genus 
Wettinia, previously established by Poeppig and Endlicher, but not 
at first recognized as a palm because of its peculiar, somewhat cycad- 
like inflorescence. 

Wendland’s association of Karsten’s Deckeria with Iriartea was 
later found by Drude * to have been a mistake, for the type species 
of Iriartea proved to have the embryo basal instead of lateral, as 
Wendland had supposed, and to have the first leaves divided, as 
well as the terminal segments of the adult leaves, which are united 
in Deckeria. The spadix of Deckeria has thickened branches, with 
the flowers inserted in pits. Thus Karsten’s genus Deckeria must 
evidently be retained, making seven genera which Wendland would 
probably have recognized if he had been acquainted with the fruits 
of the type species of Iriartea. In distinguishing these genera, 
Wendland relied largely on the fruits, but Drude has supplied ad- 
ditional characters by which some of the groups can be more readily 
separated.‘ 

The seven genera could be arranged in two series with reference 
to the distribution of the flowers. One series is characterized by the 
presence of functional flowers of both sexes in the same inflorescence, 
the other by having flowers of the two sexes in separate inflorescences, 
though still on the same individual. The first series, with the flowers 
of the two sexes together, is composed of the five genera Triartea, 
Dictyocaryum, Deckeria, Socratea, and Iriartella, leaving Catoblastus 
and Wettinia for the other series with the flowers of the two sexes 
separated. 

In Drude’s classification of the palms, in Engler and Prantl’s 
Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien,® the genera Catoblastus and Wettinia 
are associated with Iriartea. They differ very distinctly in the char- 
acters of the flowers, having the sexes separated in different in- 
florescences and the carpels unequally developed, only one producing 
a normal ovule. Of the three new forms described in the present 
paper, two may be considered to be intermediate between Iriarten 
and Wettinia, in that male flowers are still present in rudimentary 
form on the pistillate inflorescence. The first of these is more 


'Bonplandia 8: 103. 1860. “See Mart. Fl. Bras. 3°: 585. 1882. 
2See p. 281, below. ° 2°:60, 61. 1889. 
3 Bonplandia 8:106. 1860, 


COOK AND DOYLE-—NEW GENERA OF PALMS FROM COLOMBIA. 227 


closely associated with Iriartea in having the carpels of the young 
flowers equally developed, but the petals are narrow and separate, 
while those of Iriartea are broadly imbricate. The embryo is also 
basal instead of being lateral or apical as in most of the species 
referred to Iriartea. 

The second of the new types, also with rudimentary male flowers 
on the pistillate inflorescence, has the carpels extremely unequal, 
even more so than in Catoblastus, and entirely lacks a style. The 
sharply three-lobed, star-like stigma is seated at the base of the 
long, subcylindrical fertile carpel. The albumen of the seed differs 
from that of Catoblastus in being quite uniform, instead of ruminate. 

The third of the new forms has the sexes entirely separated as in 
Wettinia and the pistillate flowers and fruits closely crowded to- 
gether as in that genus, but the inflorescence is branched instead of 
simple, and the long, narrow petals are separate instead of over- 
lapping at the base as in Wettinia. 

The fruits of the last species, though narrowed and angled at the 
base by mutual pressure, remain shorter than those of the other two 
species, which are scattered upen the longer branches and are of a 
regular long-oval form. In all three species the surface is rough and 
hairy and the outer layer or pericarp has a loose corky texture not a 
little suggestive of that of the fruits of Manicaria and Phytelephas. 


TRIBAL DIVISION. 


Taking these additions into account, a division of the family into 
three tribes seems desirable. Though Catoblastus and Wettinia seem 
to agree in some of the characters that separate them from Iriartea 
and its immediate relatives, they are very unlike in other important 
respects. Moreover, Catoblastus and Wettinia no longer appear as 
isolated genera, but rather as members of two series of related genera, 
like those that cluster about Triartea. 


SYNOPTICAL KEY TO THE TRIBES, 


Flowers of both sexes borne on the same spadix; a single inflo- 
rescence in the axil of each leaf..........-..........24.- IRIARTEAE. 
Flowers of the two sexes in separate inflorescences; several 
inflorescences from each axil. 
Flowers and fruits scattered on the numerous slender 
branches of the inflorescence; styles short or wanting. CATOBLASTEAE. 
Flowers and fruits densely crowded on the thickened simple 
or few-branched spadix; styles long and slender.... WETTINIEAE. 


228 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF THE COLOMBIAN GENERA AND SPECIES. 
CATOBLASTEAE. 
SYNOPTICAL KEY TO THE GENERA. 


Pistillate flowers with three equal carpels at the time of 
flowering .......---2...-- 0... e eee eee eee eee ACROSTIGMA (p. 228). 
Pistillate flowers with one greatly enlarged fertile carpel 
at the time of flowering. 
Petals not imbricate; stigma sessile at the base of the 


long, cylindrical fertile carpel................ CaTOSTIGMA (p. 230). 
Petals imbricate at base; stigma rostrate or borne on 
a columnar Style......-..................2.... CATOBLASTUS (p. 231). 


ACROSTIGMA gen. nov. 


Trunk solitary, rather short (6 meters long) not so thick below (10 em.) as 
above (16 cm.) ; smooth, distinctly ringed; internodes short (10 em.) 

Leaves with rather short sheaths (120 cm. long) ; pinne triangular-lanceolate, 
not inserted on a fleshy pulvinus; petiole short (16 to 18 cm. long); segments 
of unequal length, united; both surfaces smooth; terminal pinns broad, united 
to near the end. 

Spathes 5 or 6, two or three of them small, basal, three large. 

Spadix compound, divided near the middle into several (about 5) long, taper- 
ing, flexuous branches; female inflorescence bearing irregularly scattered flowers 
each subtended by 2 minute rudiments of male flowers; female flowers with 
sepals rounded-triangular, broader than long, slightly connate at base; petals 
triangular, nearly as broad as long, less than twice as long as the sepals, dis- 
tinctly separated at base, soft and fleshy in texture, not ribbed on the back; 
staminodes 6, minute, delicate, of soft texture, less than one-fourth the length 
of the sepals; pistil triangular with three equal lobes, not exceeding the petals; 
stigmas completely sessile, forming a minute 3-pointed slit in the apex of the 
pistil. 

Fruit elliptical, slightly compressed and slightly angled on one side above the 
stigma, one and one-half times as long as broad. Stigmas persistent at base, 
close to the persistent calyx; sepals united at base, one much larger than the 
other two; mesocarp of rather loose, corky, granular texture, composed of 
coarse cellular tissue and coarse, irregular fibres, often spine-like; inner surface 
of mesocarp closely and ebscurely wrinkled without evident indication of a 
fibrous network as in Catostigma; numerous bundles of raphids imbedded in 
the mesocarp immediately around the inner surface; endocarp rather thick and 
corky, covered with a very close network of rather coarse, strongly flexuous 
fibres. 

Seed compressed-oval, smooth or very faintly impressed under the fibres of 
the endocarp; albumen uniform; embryo basal, extremely small, not covered 
by the albumen, indicated by a minute rounded prominence on the outer wall 
of the very small cavity. . 

Type species, Acrostigma equale. 

Distinguished from Catoblastus Wendl. in having the pistil formed of three 
equal carpels with minute sessile stigmas, and by the presence of rudimentary 
male flowers in the female inflorescences. 


Acrostigma equale sp. nov. PLATE 54 (A), 55, 56 (A), 57, 5s. 

Trunk 6 meters long by 10 cm. in diameter at 1 meter from base, becoming 
thicker toward the crown, there reaching » diameter of 16 cm.; internodes 
10 cm, or Jess in length. 


COOK AND DOYLE—NEW GENERA OF PALMS FROM COLOMBIA. 229 


Leaves S to 12 in a head, largest in the middle, tapering gradually toward 
base and tip; leaf bases 120 cm. long by 50 cm. broad at base, splitting into 
numerous fragile fibers; petiole short, 16 to 18 cm. long by 4 cm. in diameter ; 
lower surface rounded and covered with dark brownish tomentum; upper sur- 
face rounded and also tomentose, excepting a central strip 1 cm. wide, light 
green in color, free from tomentum or scurf and running the entire length of 
the petiole. 

Rachis 850 em. long by 4 cm. in diameter at base, gradually tapering toward 
the tip; lower surface rounded, becoming flat toward the tip, sparsely covered 
with greenish tomentum; upper surface with a prominently rounded central 
ridge 6 to 8 mm. wide at base, gradually becoming narrowed to a sharp ridge ; 
on either side of this median ridge a shallow groove, in this the pinne inserted ; 
the surfaces of these grooves, as well as of the central ridge, marked with about 
12 longitudinal, slightly elevated ridges or striations, these 1 to 2 mm. apart, 
covered with very loosely adherent, brownish, scurfy material easily detached 
with the finger; toward the end of the leaf the grooves becoming shallow and 
disappearing ; below each pinna for a distance of about 2 cm. the rachis entirely 
free from scurf or tomentum, but the striations still distinct; these naked spots 
of much lighter color and visible at some distance from the tree; upper central 
ridge slightly lighter in color than the grooves, toward the end of the leaf taking 
on the same color as the naked spaces below the pinne; striations and naked 
spots also disappearing toward the end of the leaf, the last three or four pinnae 
thus inserted on a comparatively smooth rachis. 

Pinne 33 or 34 on each side, consisting of 11 to 18 segments; upper surface 
dark green; lower surface slightly lighter, smooth; midribs very prominent on 
the under side, raised 1 to 2 mm. above the surface and of much lighter color; 
segments of pinnze unequal, premorse, the lower segments of each pinna being 
the longest; lowest pinne 34 cm. long by 7 cm. wide, consisting of 7 or 8 seg- 
ments 1 em. or less in width, 1.5 cm. wide at point of insertion; middle pinne 
105 em. long by 16 em. wide at the broadest part, 5 cm. wide at base, consisting 
of 15 segments 2 cm. or less in width; terminal pinne 28 to 34 cm. long by 
10 to 15 em. broad, becoming 19 to 24 cm. wide at insertions, consisting of from 
12 to 16 segments 2 em. or less in width. 

Inflorescence infrafoliar, 105 cm. long; peduncle 36 cm. long by 6 cm. wide at 
base, the fruiting portion 10 cm. long by 2 cm. in diameter; branches 5, the 
longest 59 cm. by 1.5 cm.; peduncle and bases of branches densely hirsute; 
flowering portion when young with a very sparse covering of long, gland-tipped 
hairs, these also occurring on the petals and pistils; between the hairs the sur- 
face appearing naked, but seen to be very minutely papillose under sufficient 
magnification; flowers inserted in depressions, these continued on each side to 
form a distinct transverse groove accommodating the rudimentary male flower. 

Spathes 5, the outer 12 cm. long; inner spathe densely covered, when young, 
with soft silky hairs 2 mm. or less in length. 

Fruits 40 to 50 on each branch, ovoid or slightly flattened on one side, 5 cm. 
long by 3 cm. in diameter or less, covered with closely adherent grayish hairs 
like those on the branches and peduncle; pericarp corky, 5 mm. thick, tough; 
kernel 8 em. long by 1.5 cm. in diameter, ovoid or slightly fiattened, the outer 
surface covered with a web-like coating of closely adherent fibers. 

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, nos. 690426-690428 (all from one 
tree), collected in deep, marshy forests about Cordoba, Cauca, Colombia, by 
Cc. B. Doyle, December, 1905. 

Native names, “zancona” or “zancuda,” meaning “stilt’’ or “ mosquito ” 
palm, evidently in allusion to the long aerial roots. Also called ‘“ crespa,” 
perhaps with reference to the stiff leaves or to the hairy fruits. 


230 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES 54-58.—Plate 54, whole leaf and inflorescence, A, of 
Aerostigma equale; B, of Wettinella quinaria. From field photographs taken at Cor- 
doba, Cauca, Colombia, December, 1905. Plate 55, tip of leaf of Acrostigma equate. 
From a photograph taken in Washington. Reduced. Plate 56, bases of pinns, A, of 
Acrostigma equale; B, of Catostigma radiatum; C, of Wettinelia quinaria. All natural 
size. From photographs of dried specimens taken in Washington. Plate 57, young 
Spathes and female flowers of Acrostigma equale. From a field photograph taken at 
Cordoba, Cauca, Colombia in December, 1905. Natural size. Plate 58, fruit and female | 
flowers of Acrostigma equale. From field photographs taken at Cordoba, Cauca, Colom- 
bia, December, 1905. Natural size. All photographs taken by C. B. Doyle, 


CATOSTIGMA gen. nov. 


Trunk solitary, rather short (6 meters), slender (7 to 8 em. thick), taper- 
ing upward ; surface smooth, distinctly ringed; internodes rather short (16 cm.), 
becoming shorter above (10 ¢m.). 

Leaves with rather short sheaths (108 cm.), densely brown-tomentose without ; 
petiole rather long (34 cm.), cylindrical, smooth, and naked; pinne triangular, 
the lower unequally divided into 5 to 7 obliquely diverging segments, each 
segment inserted on a fleshy pulvinus; tips of pinne irregularly notched; both 
surfaces smooth; terminal pinne rather narrow, completely united, the rachis 
continued to margin. 

Inflorescence with 5 spathes, 3 short basal ones and 2 complete ones; 
also two or three spatheless ring-scars; spadix compound, divided below the 
middle into a few (about 3) long, tapering, flexuous branches bearing irregu- 
larly scattered flowers and fruits; surface not hirsute but very minutely 
granular-hispid ; female flowers inserted in shallow rounded depressions, each 
subtended by two rudimentary male flowers, one on either side. 

Female flowers with sepals subtriangular, somewhat broader than long. 
slightly connate at base; petals triangular, pointed, twice as long as broad, 
about 4 times as long as the sepals, distinctly separated at base, in texture 
firmly coriaceous, distinctly 5-costate on the back, the middle rib strongest ; 
staminodes 6, of firm texture, conic-subulate, about half as long as the sepals, 
strongly reflexed, opposite and alternate with the petals; pistils distinctly 
3-lobed, the fertile carpel conic-cylindric, about 3 times as long as broad, greatly 
exceeding the others (about 7 times as long), twice as long as the petals, 
stigmas about twice as long as broad, triangular-conic, sharp-pointed, strongly 
recurved, strongly rugose-tuberculate; rudimentary male flowers accompanying 
the female containing a cluster of minute staminodes. 

Fruits narrowly oval, symmetrical, about two and one-half times as long as 
broad; surface even, minutely granular-tuberculate, bearing the persistent 
stigmas at the base, close to the persistent calyx, one lobe of this distinctly 
larger than the other two: mesocarp of a rather firm corky texture, composed 
of coarsely cellular material and stout irregular fibers; inner surface of 
mesocarp showing an open-meshed network of distinct, slender fibers similiar 
to the fibers of the endocarp, but entirely separate, often with a layer of gelati- , 
nous material between; endocarp delicately membranous, the fibers very 
delicate, not very numerous, those of the inner layer parallel at the base on the 
side opposite the embryo, anastomosing into a fine network on the other side. 

Seed narrowly oval, its surface smooth and even or with very faint impressions ; 
albumen uniform except for a median canal and a semielliptic cavity at the 
base, the cavity as broad as long, covered by a rather thick lid of albumen to 
which the disk-like or top-shaped embryo is attached. 

Type species, Catostigma radiatum. 

Distinguished from Catoblastus Wendl. by the narrow spathes, slender in- 
florescences, and large, strongly recurved, sessile stigmas, and by the presence 
of rudimentary male flowers on the female inflorescences. 


WV 


"A1A0G Y AOOD 31vNO|A YWOILSONOYW 


‘d 


“ATA0Q XY HOOD VIEVNIND VITIANILLE MA 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 54 (corrected), 


ine 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vo. 1¢ PLaTe 55. 


ACROSTIGMA EQUALE Cook & DOYLE. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vo!. 16. PLATE 56. 


C. WETTINELLA QUINARIA COOK & DOoYLe. 


PLATE 57. 


it. Herb., Vol, 


> 
< 


Contr. 


ACROSTIGMA EQUALE COOK & DOYLE. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16 PLATE 58, 


ACROSTIGMA EQUALE CooK & DOYLE. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 59. 


A. FRUITS OF CATOSTIGMA RADIATUM Cook & DOYLE. 


B. FRuItS OF WETTINELLA QUINARIA Cook & DOYLE. 


PLATE 60. 


CATOSTIGMA RADIATUM CooK & DoYLE. 


COOK AND DOYLE—NEW GENERA OF PALMS FROM COLOMBIA. 231 


Catostigma radiatum sp. nov. Priates 56 (B), facing p. 230, 59 (A), 60. 

Trunk 6 meters long, 5 meters to first inflorescence, the diameter 7 to 8 cm. at 
1 meter from base, 6.5 cm. at base of first leaf; wood very hard and fibrous. 

Leaves 10 to 12 in a head, largest in the middle, tapering gradually toward 
base and tip; leaf bases 108 cm. long, splitting into numerous. fragile fibers: 
lower surface densely brown tomentose for about one-half its length; petiole 
34 em, long by 2.5 cm. in diameter, cylindrical ; surface densely tomentose m 
young leaves, smooth in adult specimens; rachis 272 cm. long by 2.5 em. thick 
at base, tapering gradually toward the tip; lower surface rounded, becoming 
flat; upper surface for 50 cm. outward from base with a prominent, rounded, 
central ridge becoming more prominent; upper surface also marked with minute 
grooves; toward the tip the latter disappearing and becoming flat surfaces, the 
central ridge becoming more prominent; upper surface also marked with minute 
longitudinal raised lines running the entire length of the leaf, less prominent 
toward the tip. 

Pinne 57 to 62 on each side, simple or split into 2 to 7 divisions and consist- 
ing of from 1 to 10 segments ranging in width from 1 to 3 cm., the divisions 
standing at different angles to the rachis; tips of pinnze notched, due to unequal 
termination of segments, the lower segments generally the longest; upper sur- 
face of pinne dark green, the lower surface lighter; at the point of insertion 
of each pinna a fleshy cushion or pulvinus; just below the insertion of each 
pinna the rachis naked and lighter in color for 2 cm. or less; for 2 to 3 cm. 
below the insertion of each group of pinne the lower surface elad with a 
dense tomentum easily removed with the fingers; lowest pinns 29 em. long by 
6 to 7 em. wide, consisting of 6 segments 1 cm. or less in width; lower and 
terminal pinne inserted singly: middle pinnz 33 to 56 cm. long by 4.5 to 138 cm. 
wide, consisting of 2 to 9 segments 2 cm, or less in width; terminal pinne 17 cm. 
long by 7 to 9 em. wide, consisting of 8 or 9 segments 2 cm, or less in width. 

Inflorescences infrafoliar, as many as five maturing fruit at one time; total 
length 105 cm.; peduncle to first branch 30 cm. long by 2.5 cm. in diameter at 
base and 2 em. at first branch; fruiting portion 4 cm. long by 1.5 em. in 
diameter; both peduncle and fruiting portion light green, smooth; branches 3 
or 4, 71 em. or less in length by 2 em. in diameter. 

Spathes 5, the lowest 4 cm. long by 4 cm. in width at base; inner spathe 26 
em. long, smooth; usually three inflorescences, two male and one female, ap- 
pearing in a group at the same node. 

Fruits densely clustered along the branches, oval 3.5 cm. long, 1.8 cm. in 
diameter; outer husk corky, brittle, 2 to 3 mm. thick; seed broadest below the 
middle, covered with a closely adherent, fibrous, fragile epidermis; texture 
bony; embryo basal. 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium nos. 690429-690432 (all from one tree), 
collected along bank of stream near Cordoba, Cauca, Colombia, by C. B. Doyle, 
December, 1905. 

Native names, “ gualte,”’ “ sape.” 

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 59, 60.—Plate 59, A, fruits of Catostigma radiatum Cook & 
Doyle; B, of Wettinella quinaria Cook & Doyle. Plate 60, young spathe and tip of leaf 


of same species. From ficld photographs taken at Cordoba, Cauca, Colombia in 1905, 
the Jatter in December. Al) natural size. 


CATOBLASTUS Wendl. 


Catoblastus Wendl. Bonplandia 8: 104. 1860. 

Trunks slender, cespitose, supported on a cluster of short superficial roots. 
Leaves 3 to 4 feet long, with 24 pairs of simple pinnie. 

Inflorescences in verticillate clusters, 10 to 12 inches long. 


232 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Spathes numerous, the outer short. 

Male flowers in pairs; sepals valvate, pistillodes small. 

Female flowers with separate sepals and petals; staminodes none ( Wend- 
land) ; present in the type species (Klotzsch) ; ovary trilocular. 

Fruits oblong-ovate; stigma scar close to the base; epicarp subrugose or 
puberulous; mesocarp grumous; endocarp membranous. 

Seeds oblong-ovate with immersed bundles rising from the base on the ventral 
side, running close together to the apex, then anastomosing and coming together 
again at the embryo; albumen ruminate (Wendland) or uniform (Klotzseh) ; 
embryo basal, erect. 

Type species, Catoblastus praemorsus. 


Catoblastus praemorsus ( Willd.) Wendl. Bonplandia 8: 104. 1860. PLATE 61. 
Oreodoxa praemorsa Willd. Mém. Acad. Sci. Berlin 1804: 26. 1809. 
Triartea praemorsa Klotzsch, Linnaea 20: 448, 1847. 

Trunks erect, cylindrical, very smooth, 12 to 15 meters high; stoloniferous. 

Leaves pinnate, very long, the pinnee broadly cuneiform, narrowed at base, 
unequally premorse-dentate at apex, alternate; color dark green. 

Fruit ashy gray, ovate; seed ovate, of the size of a pigeon’s egg; endosperm 
brown, marbled with numerous veins. 

Forests of the high mountain chain of Buenavista, Province of Caracas, 
Venezuela, growing with Orcodora acuminata, but much more rare. 

The natives call this palm “ pyra,” a name they apply to all the palms which 
have terminal buds that can be used for food. 

The above data are drawn from Willdenow’s original description. The species 
was described at greater length by Klotzsch, but it does not appear certain 
that he had the same palm; at least the particulars differ considerably, as may 
be judged from the following transcription of additional or divergent facts: 

Trunks about 15 from the same root, 30 to 50 ft. long, 38 inches thick, borne 
on a cluster of warty brown roots about as thick as the little finger. 

Leaves 3 to 4 feet long; rachis compressed, margined above, and with the 
margin pubescent; pinnie 5 to 24 pairs, 10 to 12 inches long, 14 to 24 inches 
broad, alternate, herbaceous, pale green, distant, nearly smooth, irregularly 
rhomboidal-cuneate, united at the base, repand-erose toward the apex, below 
with 6 to 8 parallel, prominent veins; terminal pinna flabelliform, at apex 
dentate-truncate, sometimes bifid, short-cuneate at base, 7 to 11 inches long, 
6 to 9 inches broad. 

Spadices numerous (10 to 20), cylindric-fusiform, 10 to 12 inches long, 24 
inches broad, thickened near the apex and obtusely pointed, narrowed toward 
the base. 

Spathes coriaceous, the interior ones complete, closed, at length opening on 
the ventral side, the exterior shorter, incomplete, imbricate, tubulous, open at apex. 

Flowers sessile, without bracts, yellowish, monmcious in separate, simply 
branched spathes; male flowers in pairs; calyx of three triangular, fleshy, 
minute sepals, valvate in the bud; petals three, acute-triangular, fleshy, 8 
times as long as the sepals; stamens 9 to 15, hypogynous, the filament free, 
filiform, the anthers linear, attached at the base, opening by two longitudinal 
slits; pollen grains round, echinate; pistillode very small; female flowers soli- 
tary, sepals and petals triangular, fleshy, the petals twice as long; staminodes 
few, rudimentary; ovary with 3 carpels, the ovules basal, solitary, rarely two, 
anatropous; stigmas three, sessile, beak-like, connivent. 

Fruit ovate, somewhat wrinkled, green, at length blackish, of the size of a 
pigeon’s egg, 1-celled and 1-seeded; albumen uniform, horny; embryo basal. 


Contr, Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 61. 


XXX 


CATOBLASTUS PUBESCENS (KARST.) WENDL. AND C. PRAEMORSUS (WILLD.) WENDL. 


Contr, Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 62, 


Wy Li 
“8 


/ 


4d 


FLOWERS AND FRU!IT OF CATOBLASTUS PUBESCENS (KARST.) WENDL. 


COOK AND DOYLE—-NEW GENERA OF PALMS FROM COLOMBIA. 2338 


Flowers from June to October. Puerto Cabello, Colonia Tovar, Colombia. 
Moritz no. 914. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES 61, 62.—Plate 61, Catoblastus pubescens (Karst.) Wendl. ; at 
the right a seedling of two years. Fig. 1, a pinna; fig. 2, an inflorescence; fig. 3, a male 
flower ; fig. 4,an anther; fig.5,a pollen cell, Figs. 14, 15, fruit of Catoblastus praemorsus 
(Willd.) Wendl. Reduced. Reproduced from Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: pl. 81. 1858-1861. 
Plate 62, flowers and fruit from the same plate at natural size. Fig. 6, tip of male in- 
florescence ; fig. 7, tip of female inflorescence; fig. 8, section of fruit; figs. 9 and 10, 
views of the seed; fig. 11, female flower; fig. 12, same after removal of calyx and corolla 
segments; fig. 15, section of pistil. 


As this species is the type of the genus Catoblastus, its characters are of 
special interest, but some of the most important are still in doubt. Klotzsch, 
and more recently Jahn, have described the carpels as distinct and with separate 
stigmas, and neither of these writers gives any intimation that the carpels are 
unequal at the time of flowering. 

Karsten’s Iriartca pubescens,‘ which Wendland placed as a second species of 
Catoblastus, has the stigmas united into a short, cylindrical style, not half as 
long as the very large fertile carpel. The figure of Catoblastus pubescens 
given by Drude in Engler and Prantl’s Pflanzenfamilien shows a long, columnar 
style rising above the fertile carpel and is 
likely to mislead regarding the principal 
generic character. Karsten says that the 
staminodia are wanting or very small and 
hidden under the carpels, whereas Drude’s 
figure shows large staminodia with anthers. 
To avoid further confusion from this erro- 
neous figure in so prominent a work of ref- FiG:41.—Ovary of Catoblastus drudei 
erence it may be best formally to recognize with fertile and sterile carpel, a 
the fact that Drude’s Catoblastus is a dif-  %taminode below. At the right, same 

+ og + : . in section. After Engler and Prantl. 
ferent species.” Unfortunately its origin is 
not indicated unless by the fact that Drude includes Peru in the range of the 
genus, while Venezuela is omitted. 

It is also evident that the true characters of Catoblastus are not to be learned 
from Drude’s account of the genus nor from Karsten’s beautiful figures of C. 
pubescens. It is quite possible that one or both of these species will eventually 
be removed from the genus. For the present it may be suflicient to note that 
C. pubescens has an obvious alliance with our new genus Catostigma. The com- 
pletely sessile stigmas of Acrostigma and the presence of the rudimentary male 
flowers on the female inflorescences afford apparent distinctions, but if they do 
not prove to be adequate, C. pubescens will need to be transferred to Catostigma 
instead of Catostigma being united with Catoblastus. 

The true affinities of Catoblastus, as represented by C. praemorsus, may lie 
with Acrostigma rather than with Catostigma, but the beak-like connivent stig- 
mas indicated by Klotzsch do not suggest the condition found in Acrostigma. 

Wendland and Drude both describe the albumen of the seeds of Catoblastus 
as ruminate, perhaps relying upon Karsten’s drawing, but Klotzsch says that the 
albumen of praemorsus is uniform and describes the seed as marbled with 
numerous veins, which, however, may refer to the endocarp (écorce) rather than 
to the endosperm itself. 


?Binnaea 28: 262. 1856. 

* CATOBLASTUS DRUDEI. Figure 41. 

Oatoblastus pubescens Drude in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 2*: 61. f. GI, 
G2. 1887, not Triartea pubescens Karst. 1856, nor Catoblastus pubescens 
Wendl. 1860. 


234 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


There is no reason to doubt that Karsten’s species pubescens is ruminate, but 
he gives us no indication of the origin of the still more strongly ruminate seed 
that he figured as representing pracmorsus (see Pl. 59, Fig. 15). It is not to be 
assumed that Klotzsch would have called such a seed uniform. 

The most recent account of this species is by Jahn’ who gives additional 
data from Venezuela, probably based on palms growing near the original habitat 
of the species. Jahn’s description may be translated as follows: 

“'Phis species is very abundant throughout the subalpine region (1,500-2,000 
meters) of our Caraibe cordilleras where it is given the name ‘ prapa’ by the 
indigenes. Its smooth cylindrical trunk reaches 6 to 8 meters in length and 
10 to 15 em. in diameter. The woody part is very hard, black, and heavy 
(specific gravity in dry state 1.25 according to Ernst) and incloses a soft 
central pith. Leaves few, pinnate, 2 meters long and composed of 10 to 20 
pinne on either side of the rachis or common petiole with a terminal pinna. 
The pinne are alternate, herbaceous, pale green, situated some distance from 
each other, irregularly rhomboidal, toward the tip more or less deeply incised. 
The 6 to 8 longitudinal veins or nerves run parallel with the pinnie, and are 
prominent on the under side. Pinnse 20 to 80 cm. long by 6 to 3 cm. broad. 
The terminal leaf is triangular or in the form of a half-open fan, cuneiform at 
base and truncate or gnawed at the tip. whence comes the specific name prae- 
morsus. ‘The aerial roots form a pyramid of radiating pillars that gives strong 
support to the trunk. They are distinguished by their rough surface filled 
with spine-like protuberances that protect them from the herb-eating animals, 
principally the vaquira (Dicotyles) and the tapir (Tapirus) which inhabit the 
same region. The inflorescences have many spathes (10 to 12), fusiform, almost 
cylindrical, 20 to 25 cm. long and 5 to 6 cm. thick at the largest point, which 
is slightly below the tip. Inflorescences springing directly from the nodes of the 
trunk and not (as in the Iriarteas) from the base of the crown or leaves. 
Every spadix has 5 or 6 spathes, three interior and complete, closed until the 
time of flowering, and three exterior and shorter and incomplete; that is to 
say, always open at the upper end like short tubes. The flowers are seated 
in depressions, and are yellow and without bracts, the male and female on the 
same tree, but in different inflorescences. The male flowers have a_ three- 
parted calyx and a corolla of three triangular, somewhat tleshy petals, and have 
9 to 15 stamens with free filaments and with anthers which split with two 
iongitudinal apertures, this permitting the dispersion of the somewhat rough- 
ened pollen grains, The female flowers have the same number of sepals and 
petals as the male, with 4 to 6G staminodes. The ovary is three-celled, with the 
carpels very distinct, the style very short, and the three stigmas quite large, 
thick, with the interior somewhat channeled. The fruit is an egg-shaped berry 
with grumous pericarp, black, with a bluish luster, about the size of a pigeon’s 
egg, inclosing a single seed. The ‘ prapa’ flowers from August to October, and 
in the following April or May the fruits are mature.” 


WETTINIEAE. 
SYNOPTICAL KEY TO THE GENERA. 
Inflorescences simple; many (8 to 15) from each node..WETTINIA (p. 235). 


Inflorescences with 4 or 5 branches; five inflorescences 
from each node but only the middle one maturing. .\WeTrinELLA (p. 235). 


‘Jahn, Alfredo, jr. Las Palmas de la Flora Venezolana 49-50. 1908. 


Contr. Nat. Herb,, Vol. 16, PLATE 63. 


A i 


ju 


B, WETTINELLA QUINARIA Cook & DOYLE. 


COOK AND DOYLE—NEW GENERA OF PALMS FROM COLOMBIA. 235 


WETTINIA Poepp. & Endl. 


Wettinia Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Pl. Poepp, 2: 39. pls. 153, 154. 1838; * Wendl, 
Bonplandia 8: 104-106. 1860. 

Trunk solitary, 8 to 12 meters high, 15 to 20 cm. thick. 

Leaves with opposite simple pinn. ‘ 

Inflorescences simple, in verticillate clusters of 8 to 15, bearing flowers of 
one sex, but spathes of both sexes intermixed on the same trunk. 

Spathes five, three short and two much longer and complete. 

Male flowers with 4 or 5 minute sepals and 3 or 4 petals, valvyate in the bud; 
stamens 12 to 16; female flowers with 3 sepals and 3 petals; staminodes? ; 
ovary with 1 carpel and 1 ovule, obverse-pyramidate, villose; style filiform, 
rising at one side, from the base of the ovary; stigmas three, narrowly lanceo- 
late. 

Fruits obverse-pyramidate, flattened at the apex, strigose, hirsute, the endo-- 
carp delicately parcbment-like. 

Seed elliptical or obovate, surrounded with bundles rising from the base, run- 
ving together to the apex, then laxly anastomosing and coming together again 
at the embryo; albumen solid, uniform; embryo basal, erect. (PLATE 63, A.) 

Type species, Wettinia augusta Poepp. & Endl. loc. cit.; from the Huallaga 
Valley in eastern Peru. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 63.—A. Male and female inflorescences of Wettinia augusta 
Poepp. & Endl. B. Young female inflorescence of Wettinella quinaria Cook & Doyle. 


A, reduced; B, natural size. <A, reproduced from Poeppig und Endlicher; B, from a field 
photograph taken at Cordoba, Cauca, Colombia, December, 1905, by C. B. Doyle. 


WETTINELLA gen. nov. 


Trunk solitary, rather short (7 meters long), rather thick (12 to 20 cm.), 
becoming smaller above; smooth, distinctly ringed ; internodes long (20 em.). 

Leaves with long (168 cm.) scurfy sheathes; petiole short (15 em.) ; pinnse 
lanceolate, not inserted on a fleshy pulvinus; segments of unequal length but not 
divided; upper surface nearly smooth; lower surface densely brown hirsute, 
more pronouncedly so on the ribs; terminal pinne deeply divided. 

Inflorescences with 6 spathes, three small incomplete basal ones inserted close 
together and, well separated from these, three large complete ones, the latter 
inserted farther from each other; spadix compound, divided into several (about 
4) rather short, thick, fleshy branches which bear flow.1s of one sex deusely 
crowded together; surface of spadix below the flowers censely hirsute; fiowers 
moneecious, in different inflorescences, usually one female inflorescence and two 
to four male inflorescences at each node. 

Fruits cbovate, variously flattened and angled by mutual pressure, as bro.d 
as long or narrower, the surface rather coursely wrinkled cn the exposed end 
and densely beset with minute tubercles each bearing 2 long hair; style persist- 
ent, woody, inserted some distance (about 8 mum.) above the base of the fruit 
and bearing three linear, compressed, grooved stigmas equal in length to itself 
and scarcely exceeded by the apex of the ripe fruit; mature calyx and corolla 
also nearly as long as the fruit, the petals narrower and slightly longer than the 
sepals, the latter united at the base, the petals distiucl, mesocarp of rather fii 
corky texture, thicker at broadest part of fruit; inside cont of mesocarp a thin 


1The Index Kewensis credits this genus to Poeppig alone, with a reference to 
Endlicher’s Genera Plantarum (p. 243) with the date 1307. But Endlicher’s 
account of the genus contains no reference to a species that could serye aS a 
type. 
61473° —13——2 


236 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


membrane traversed by numerous web-like fibers; endocarp also a thin mem- 
brane traversed by numerous fragile fibers. 

Seed oval, larger above the middle: seed coat a very thin membrane, deli- 
cately fibrous; albumen uniform; embryo basal, protected by a fragile, rather 
fleshy cap, the flattened, disk-like outer end of the embryo attached to the cap; 
embryo cavity large, conical. 

Type species, Weittinella quinaria, 

Distinguished from Wettinia Poepp. by the compound spadix and the very 
large sepals, broader than the petals and nearly as long. 


Wettinella quinaria sp. nov. 
Puiates 54 (B), facing p. 230, 56 (C), facing p. 280, 63 (B), facing 
p. 235, 64, 65. 

Trunk 7 meters long, 12 to 20 cm. in diameter 1 meter from base; internodes 
20 cm. long; surface smooth. 

Leaves pinnate, 12 to 15 in a head, largest below the middle; leaf bases 
woody, 168 cm. long by 84 cm. wide at base, splitting into coarse, strong fibers; 
surface covered with a very closely adherent grayish scurf; with age the leaf 
bases becoming black and deeply wrinkled; young bases pale blue; petiole very 
short (15 ecm. long) by 8 to 4 cm. in diameter; lower surface rounded, covered 
with grayish scurf like that on base; upper surface with deep central groove 1.5 
em. wide and 1 cm. deep. 

Rachis 315 cm. long by 3.4 cm. broad at base, the deep groove of the petiole 
gradually becoming a broadly rounded ridge 1 cm. in width; on either side 
this central ridge paralleled by rather deep grooves, the pinn# inserted in 
these; toward the tip of the leaf the grooves becoming flattened and the cen- 
tral ridge more prominent and rather sharp; lower surface rounded, flattening 
toward the tip, tomentose, except a narrow strip along the center, this smooth 
and light colored; central ridge and grooves of the upper surface covered with 
a rich brownish tomentum becoming grayish toward the tip; upper surface 
also marked with longitudinal strie 1 mm. apart, distinct at base, gradually 
disappearing toward tip; just below the insertion of each pinna the rachis bare 
and smooth for 4 cm. or less. 

Pinne 40 to 44 on each side, divided irregularly into 3 to 20 segments, 12 
mm. or less in width; upper surface dark green, covered for 15 cm. or less 
outward from point of insertion with tomentum like that found on lower part 
of rachis; on the pinnz of the upper half of the leaf the tomentum changing 
to a light gray color and extending for only 2 cm. or less; lower surface of 
pinne of slightly lighter shade than the upper and very densely covered with 
reddish brown tomentum about 1 mm. in length; all the prominent veins more 
densely tomentose; lowest segments the longest in some pinnw and the central 
ones in others, each segment notched at the apex, giving the whole margin a 
very ragged appearance; toward the end of the leaf the segments becoming 
more nearly equal in length. 

Lowest pinnz very small, scarcely 10 cm. in length and only 2 em. broad at 
widest part, 1 cm. at base, consisting of 3 or 4 narrow segments; second pinnse 
larger, 58 cm. long, 6 cm. wide just below the middle, consisting of 10 segments, 
each less than 1 cm. in width; middle pinne 112 cm. long by 10 to 11 em. in 
width and 3 cm. at base, consisting of 16 narrow segments, the widest only 1 
cm. wide; terminal pinnze 40 cm. long by 4 to 8 cm. in width and 8 to 9 cm. at 
base, consisting of 11 to 16 segments, less than 1 cm. in width; largest pinnz 
found between the base and the middle of the leaf, reaching a length of 110 
cm. and a width of 14 cm. and consisting of about 20 segments. 

Spathes 6, woody, covered with reddish hairs. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16 PLATE 64. 


WETTINELLA QUINARIA COOK & DOYLE. 


PLATE 65. 


WETTINELLA QUINARIA COOK & DOYLE. 


COOK AND DOYLE—NEW GENERA OF PALMS FROM COLOMBIA. 237 


Inflorescences infrafoliar, five from one node, one or two female, the rest 
male; total length of female inflorescence 75 cm.; peduncle 36 cm. long by 8 
cm. in diameter at base, abruptly narrowing to 2 cm., then widening again to 4 
em. at base of first branch, densely covered with light brownish tomentum, 
this more pronounced toward the base; branches 4, 39 cm. or less in length, 7 
cm. in diameter at point of insertion, abruptly narrowing just above. 

Fruit densely crowded along the branches, quadrangular top-shaped by 
mutual pressure, 2.5 em. long by 2 to 2.5 cm. in diameter at widest point; 
densely gray-tomentose; outer shell corky, 1 to 3 mm. thick; seed oval, 
broadest above the middle; embryo basal. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, nos. 690424, 690425, 690433 (all from 
one tree), collected in deep damp forests about Cordoba, Cauca, Colombia, 
about 10 miles inland from Buenaventura, by C. B. Doyle, in December, 1905. 

Native name, “ gualte.” 

EXPLANATION OF Puates 64, 65.—Plate 64, tip of leaf of Wettinella quinaria. From 
photograph of a dried specimen taken in Washington by C. B. Doyle. Reduced. Plate 


65, branch with fruit of Wettinella quinaria Cook & Doyle. From field photograph taken 
at Cordoba, Cauca, Colombia, December, 1905, by C. B. Doyle. Natural size. 


Wettinella maynensis (Spruce). 

Wettinia illaqueans Spruce, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 3:191. 1859, 

Wettinia maynensis Spruce, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 3:191. 1859; 11: 130. 1869. 
Notes Bot. Amazon & Andes 2: 186, 443. 1908; Kew Bull. Mis. Inf. 1909: 
221. 1909. 

This palm was described by Spruce as a second species of Wettinia, the 

differential characters being stated as follows: 

“ Wettinia maynensis differs from W. augusta chiefly in the more numerous 
pinne (38-40 pairs, while in W. augusta they are but 18-20 pairs), and in the 
spadices, which are only three from one leaf-ring, and put forth 5-8 fastigiate 
branches at their apex; while in W. augusta they are simple, and as many as 
from 8 to 15 grow from the same ring. There is a further difference, in the 
spathes, which in W. maynensis are 6 in number, the three outer (corresponding 
to what are called by Martius in other genera ‘spathae incompletae’) much 
smaller, and persisting on the peduncle in the form of sheaths; while the three 
inner and larger ones (‘spathae completae’) fall away before the fruit is 
ripe, or persist only in fragments. In W. augusta the spathes are said to be 
two, and the peduncle is said to be furnished with remote coriaceous sheaths— 
undoubtedly the remains of the incomplete spathes. In both specimens the 
sepals vary in number, and the stamens are from 12 to 16, nor does there seem 
to be much difference in the form of the fruit; but in W. maynensis the arilli- 
form raphe is in every stage thin and papery, while in W. augusta it is fleshy. 
In Endlicher’s description, the scale-like external sepals are considered bracts; 
but as they quite correspond to what are called sepals in other palms, I de- 
seribe them as such.” ? 

It would seem that Spruce’s palm is more closely allied to our Wettinella 
quinaria, which has a branched spadix, and it is therefore placed as a second 
species of this new genus. Its chief characters which separate it from quin- 
aria lie in the fewer inflorescences from each node, 3 instead of 5, and in the 
much shorter sepals and petals. Spruce says that in W. maynensis the female 
spadix is very constantly 5-branched, while in W. quinaria there are only 4 
branches. The following additional details are given by Spruce, mostly in the 
form of a long Latin description: 

Habitat in the shady valleys of the Andes of Maynas in eastern Peru. 


* Spruce, Richard. Five New Plants from Eastern Peru. Journ. Linn. Soc. 
Bot. 3: 192. 1859. 


238 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Trunk erect, unarmed, 30 to 40 feet tall, 4 inches in diameter; internodes 
4 inches long; leaves 5 or 6 in a head; leaf sheath 34 feet long, smooth; rachis 
93 feet long, triangular above, rounded below, pinnate to the very base, some- 
what channelled but only at the base; pinne 88 to 40 pairs, about equidistant, 
the lowest very minute, the middle 3 feet’ long with a breadth of 8 inches, in- 
serted at an angle of 40 to 50 degrees; base semivertical, reduplicate; apex 
obtuse or truncate, premorse; outer margin and apex with premorse or sub- 
acute teeth. 

Inflorescences clustered, 3, one female and two male rising in the same axil, 
those with ripe fruit usually on the fourth ring below the leaves; spathes 6, 
three complete, three incomplete; outer incomplete spathes 4 inches long, inner 
11 inches long, 3 inches broad, fusiform; spathes covered with appressed hairs. 

Male inflorescence with 8 simple branches 6 inches long, twisted to the left 
in the early stages before flowering, afterwards nearly straight, densely covered 
with flowers; sepals scale-like, short, rigid, chestnut colored, valvate in the bud, 
3 to 5 (for the most part 4), broadly subulate, rather obtuse, a line long, free 
or sometimes 2-parted; petals 3, very long (7 lines), narrowly subulate, sub- 
flexuous; stamens 12 to 16, usually 13; anthers 4 lines long, obtusely 4-angled, 
2-celled, attached a little above the base to a short, subulate, compressed fila- 
ment 4 to 1 line long; longitudinally dehiscent, covered with white, flexuous, 
deciduous hairs, the slender connection produced into a somewhat curved point; 
pollen lobes smooth. 

Female inflorescence similar to the male; branches 5 to 7, crowded, 8 inches 
long, diameter including fruit almost 4 inches; sepals 8, 2 to 3 lines long, sub- 
equal; petals 3, 5 to 6 lines long; ovaries 8, oval, 34 lines long, united to each 
other and with the style; ovule single from the internal angle of the base, 
almost erect, sessile, anatropous; style single, central, 7 lines long, subulate, 
sometimes 3-angled, villous for the most part, with the abortive ovaries at the 
base of the ovule rarely deciduous; stigmas 3, terete, erect, flexuous, 3 lines 
long. 

Fruits 1-seeded, dry and crowded on the spadix, 3 to 6-angular by mutual 
pressure, obpyramidate, the apex broadly convex, covered with ashy hairs; 
pericarp softly woody, rather delicate, thicker at apex; endocarp membranous, 
adhering to the vessels of the raphe; seed 11 by 6 lines, narrow below, obovate- 
subtriangular; testa thin, firm, blackish, marked from the base to the apex 
with the delicate raphe and reticular with the flattened white adherent fibers 
of it grown together with the kernel; albumen uniform, somewhat bony; em- 
bryo in basal cavity, conical-eylindrical, directed toward the center of the seed. 

In a more recent publication of Spruce’s field notes is the following paragraph 
on this palm: 

“ Wettinia maynensis (Palmae) is now very frequent and grows occasionally 
close by the margin, along with the Iriarteas, from which it is distinguished at 
sight by the pinn# being equidistant and all spreading out from the rachis 
horizontally, but pendulous (from their weight) toward the apex, so that the 
entire frond has a widely channelled form. In the Iriarteas the laciniw of the 
pinne are in fascicles, the uppermost of each fascicle standing out above the 
rachis, the lowest pendulous, the rest at intermediate angles. Female spadix 
very constantly five-branched.” * 


*Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1909: 221. 1909. 


PLATE 66. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol, 16, 


ANUS BRITT. & ROSE. 


. 
S 


ECHINOCACTUS ALAMO 


a ————___ 


. Nat. Herb, Vol. 16, 


$$$ $$$ $$$ _ 


ECHINOCEREUS LUTEUS BRITT. & ROSE 


PLATE 67. 


STUDIES IN CACTACEAE—1. 


By N. L. Brrrron anp J. N. Rose. 


In continuance of our studies of Cactaceae, after examining a large 
series of additional specimens, both living and herbarium, we find a 
number of new species to be described and a few old ones which need 
to be transferred to genera other than those to which they have been 
referred. All the new species here published have been studied from 
living material either seen in the field or grown in the greenhouse, 
and specimens have in all cases been photographed. 


NEW SPECIES. 


Echinocactus alamosanus Britt. & Rose, sp. nov. PLATE 66. 

Plants usually single, sometimes in clusters, somewhat flattened from above, 30 
em. or more in diameter; ribs about 20, narrow; spines all yellow; radials usually 8, 
slightly spreading; central single, porrect or erect, somewhat flattened laterally, 
6 cm. long and a little longer than the radials; flowers and fruit still unknown. 

Type in the United States National Herbarium, no. 535974, collected high up in 
the canyons of Alamos Mountain, Sonora, Mexico, March 18, 1910, by Rose, Stand- 
ley, and Russell (no. 12850). 

This species is unlike anything we have yet seen from the west coast of Mexico. 
A small living plant was brought back to Washington, a photograph of which is here 
reproduced. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 66.—From a photograph of the living plant taken in Washington. 


Echinocereus luteus Britt. & Rose, sp. nov. PLATE 67. 

Stem short, sometimes branching neer the base, bluish green, more or less purplish, 
strongly 8 or 9-ribbed; ribs rather thin, hardly, ifatall, undulate, their marginsrounded; 
areoles small, 10 to 12 mm. apart; spines small, the radials 6 to 8, unequal, 2 to8 mm. 
long, widely spreading, white with darker tips; central spine single, porrect; 
flowers on each rib appearing near the top of the plant and from the axil of the 
second or third areole; buds acute, reddish, covered with long, brownish bristles; 
areoles on ovary and flower tube bearing white wool and light-colored spines with dark 
tips; flowers pale yellow, sweet-scented, 7 cm. long including the ovary; petals 
oblanceolate, acute; filaments yellow; stigmas deep green. 

Type in the United States National Herbarium, no. 535975, collected in the high 
mountains above Alamos, Sonora, Mexico, March 19, 1910, by Rose, Standley, and 
Russell (no. 15207). Only a single specimen was seen, growing on the exposed rocks. 
The specimen was sent to Washington, where it produced four flowers in 1910 and two 
in 1911. The species is perhaps nearest E. inermis, but it has more ribs and different 
spines. 

239 


240 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 67.—From a photograph of the type specimen as it flowered in Washington. 
Natural size. 

Epiphyllum gaillardae Britt. & Rose, sp. nov. Prate 68, 

Much branched, especially below; joints terete at base, gradually widening above, 
5 cm. broad at widest part, obtuse, light green or reddish when young; areoles separated 
by low scallops, the basal areoles (as also those of the seedling) bearing a tuft of 
white hairs; calyx tube slender, 18 to 20 cm. long, pinkish, bearing a few scattered 
bracts; petals white, 3.5 cm. long, very narrow, acute; style deep red; fruit narrowly 
oblong, 12 cm. long, 3 cm. in diameter, magenta-colored, the surface marked here and 
there by short ribs running down from the backs of the scattered bracts. 

Type in the United States National Herbarium, no. 691240, collected in the Canal 
Zone, Panama, August 6, 1909, by Mrs. D. D. Gaillard. 

Common in the Canal Zone and adjacent parts of Panama; first sent by Mrs. 
Gaillard, for whom it is named. . 

Mr. Pittier reports that the seeds of this species germinate while the fruit is still 
hanging on the plant. When he returned from Panama in March, 1912, he brought 
one fruit covered with the green seedlings. 

The name Epiphyllum has priority over Phyllocactus. The later Epiphyllum 
of Pfeiffer, still in use by some writers, must revert to Zygocactus. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 68.—From a photograph of a living plant collected at Porto Bello, Province 
of Panama, by H. Pittier, April, 1912. Slightly more than two-thirds natural size. 

Hylocereus minutiflorus Britt. & Rose, sp. nov. PLATE 69. 

Very slender, high-climbing vines, 3-angled, the angles sharp but not winged, 
deep green; areoles distant (2 to 4 cm. apart), the spines 1 to 3, minute, brownish; 
flowers 5 cm. long, opening at night; flower tube wanting or nearly so (10 mm. long), 
red except the greenish base; sepals linear, red at the tip, 3 to 4 cm. long; petals white; 
stamens white, about 1 cm. long, borne in one series ‘at the base of the petals; style 
white, 2 cm. long, thick. 

Type in the United States National Herbarium, no. 619842, collected near Lake 
Izabal, Guatemala, in 1907 by R. H. Peters and flowered in Washington in June, 
1909, and June and July, 1911, and in 1912. 

The flowers of this species are unusually small, but the vines are healthy and 
produced,a few flowers in 1909 and 1911, and an abundance in 1912. The plants have 
been under observation since 1907. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 69.—Flowering branch from the type specimen, in cultivation. Natural size. 


Nyctocereus guatemalensis Britt. & Rose, sp. nov. PLaTEs 70, 71. 

Stems half-erect, arching, creeping, or even prostrate, 3 to 6 cm. in diameter; ribs 
8 to 12, very low; radial spines about 10; centrals 3 to 6, usually much longer than 
the radials, the longer ones 3 to 4 cm. long; flowers very fragrant, 4 to 5 cm. long; 
ovary somewhat tuberculate, each tubercle crowned by an areole bearing a cluster of 
pinkish or brownish spines; outer sepals brownish ; petals lanceolate, acute, nearly 
white; stamens much shorter than the petals, attached all along the surface of the 
wide throat; style stout, 3 cm. long; fruit small (about 2 cm. long), spiny; seeds 
black, shining, 3 mm. in diameter. 

Type in the United States National Herbarium, no. 53597 7, collected at El Rancho, 
Guatemala, April 4, 1905, by William R. Maxon (no, 8510). 

The following collections have been examined: 

GUATEMALA: El] Rancho, April 4, 1905, Maron 8510; June 8, 1908, Deam 6249a; 
without definite locality, 1909, F. Eichlam. 

Individuals from all three of these collections are now growing in Washington. 

Mr. Maxon’s plant flowered in July, 1910, and Mr. Eichlam’s in 1911. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES 70, 71.—Plate 70, part of a flowering plant, incultivation. Natural size. Plate 
71, A, B, two views from Guatemala showing the habit of this species. From negatives furnished by 
Charles C. Deam. 


C Nat, Herb., Vol. 16 PLATE 68. 


PLATE 69. 


PLATE 70. 


PLATE 71. 


Contr, Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. 


B. NYCTOCEREUS GUATEMALENSIS BRITT. & ROSE. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16, PLATE 72, 


OPUNTIA CHAFFEY! BRITT. & ROSE, 


ROSE 


& 


K 
E 
a 


Sey 8 


eda 


BRITTON AND ROSE—STUDIES IN CACTACEAE. 941 


Opuntia chaffeyi Britt. & Rose, sp. nov. PuatTeE 72. 

Perennial, from a large, fleshy, deep-seated root often 35 cm. long and 4 cm. in diam- 
eter; stems annual, 5 to 15 cm. high, much branched near the base; joints elongated, 
3 to 5 cm. long, in cultivated specimens 25 cm. long, 6 to 7 mm. broad, slightly flat- 
tened, glabrous, pale bluish green or sometimes purplish; areoles circular, bearing the 
spines surrounded by white wool in the lower part and the yellow glochids surrounded 
by brown wool in the upper part; spines 1, rarely 2 or 3, needle-like, 2 to 3 cm. long, 
whitish or pale yellow; leaves minute, caducous; flowers not seen, but said to be rose 
color, small; fruit unknown. 

Type in the United States National Herbarium, no. 535976, collected on the 
Hacienda de Cedros, near Mazapil, Zacatecas, Mexico, May 20, 1910, by Dr. Elswood 
Chaffey. 

This is a most remarkable Opuntia, being the only one known which has annual 
stems, Dr. Chaffey after a careful investigation assures us that the species has this 
habit, although in exceptionally wet years the stem may be carried over until the 
next growing season. In our greenhouse it persists for several years. The young 
shoots suggest O. leptocaulis. We were at first inclined to consider it only a form of 
that species, but when good material was examined, it was seen to be very distinct. 
The joints, while narrow and elongated like those of the Cylindropuntias, are some- 
what flattened and the spines show no sign of a sheath. This indicates that the 
species is probably a Platyopuntia and related, but not closely, to Opuntia pumila. 

The species has been under observation in the greenhouse for two years, while 
Dr. Chaffey has repeatedly examined it in the field; but so far no flowers or fruit have 
been obtained. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 72,—Root and young branch, as received from the collector. Natural size. 


Wittia panamensis Britt. & Rose, sp. nov. PiateE 73. 

Pendent; joints much flattened; flowers solitary from the upper areoles, purple 
throughout, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long before the lobes open, decidedly 5-angled, stiff; outer 
sepals 5, equal, obtuse, angled on the back, the inner ones 5, similar but thinner, not 
angled, a little longer, all erect; petals 10, thinner paler, and much smaller than the 
sepals, apiculate, forming an inner compact cylinder; tube proper 5 to 6 mm. long, 
the throat 10 mm. long; stamens in two clusters, one from the base of the throat on 
long filaments, one from the top of the throat on short filaments, all included; stigma 
lobes 4, white, remaining in a close cluster, the top exserted beyond the petals; 
ovary globular, purple, bearing a few scarious scales; fruit greenish white to pink, 
about 1 cm. long. 

Type in the United States National Herbarium, no. 691299, collected on mountains 
above Chepo, Panama, October 15, 1911, by H. Pittier (no. 4571), and flowered in 
Washington, April, 1912. Also collected by R. 8. Williams at Marraganti, Panama, 
April 3 to 9, 1908 (no. 698). 

The genus Wittia was described by Karl Schumann,! being based on a single species, 
W. amazonica. The present is a second species of this strange genus. As the illus- 
tration shows, the stem resembles that of species of Epiphyllum and of Rhipsalis, 
but the flowers are very different from those of either. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 73.—A flowering branch of the type specimen, in cultivation. Natural size. 


1 Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 117. 1903. 


242 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


NEW BINOMIALS. 


Echinocereus chloropthalmus (Hook.) Britt. & Rose. 

Echinocactus chloropthalmus Hook. Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 74: pl. 4373. 1848. 

This Echinocereus, long ago described as an Echinocactus, has never been trans- 
ferred. 


Leptocereus quadricostatus (Bello) Britt. & Rose. 
Cereus quadricostatus Bello, Anal. Soc. Espafi. Hist. Nat. 10: 276. 1881. 
This is a common species in Porto Rico and has all the characteristics of Leptocereus. 


Selenicereus urbanianus (Gurke & Weing.) Britt. & Rose. 
Cereus urbanianus Gurke & Weing. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 16: 136. 1906. 
This species was inadvertently omitted from our original treatment of Selenicereus. 


Selenicereus vagans (K. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose. 

Cereus vagans K. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 191. 1904. 

Cereus vagans in habit is exactly like Selenicereus, and while its flowers are not 
quite typical, it seems best to refer it here, its place being, perhaps, next to S. 
spinulosus. 

Cereus longicaudatus Weber, stated by us to be probably identical with 8. vagans, 
has recently been studied by Mr. W. Weingart and he reaches the same conclusion. 
Cereus longicaudatus was published the same year as C. vagans, but several months 
later. 


Wilcoxia viperina (Weber) Britt. & Rose. 
Cereus viperinus Weber; Gosselin, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Paris) 10: 385. 1904. 
This species was re-collected at its type locality by C. A. Purpusin April, 1908 
(no. 3301), and an examination of this material shows that it is a good Wilcoxia. 


RELATIONSHIPS OF THE FALSE DATE PALM OF THE 
FLORIDA KEYS, WITH A SYNOPTICAL KEY TO THE 
FAMILIES OF AMERICAN PALMS. 


By O. F. Cook. 


THE GENUS PSEUDOPHOENIX AND THE FAMILY PSEUDO- 
PHOENICACEAE, 


PSEUDOPHOENIX AN ISOLATED TYPE. 


Though the false date palm (Pseudophoenix sargenti Wendl.) 
was discovered over twenty years ago, little attention has been given 
to the problem of its relationships. The fact that the natural dis- 
tribution is limited, as far as known, to two or three islands ofthe 
Florida Keys does not make it less interesting from the standpoint 
of classification. Isolated types often have a special bearing upon 
questions of phylogeny and classification. Reasons are usually 
found for believing that such types are the remnants of ancient 
groups that have elsewhere become extinct. Several genera not 
known from other parts of the world are represented in the unique 
palm flora of Florida and Cuba. That the other peculiar genera are 
fan palms only makes Pseudophoenix the more interesting because 
it represents an intermediate stage of development between the fan 
palms and some of the pinnate-leaved families. 


ANALOGIES WITH FAN PALMS AND TRUE DATE PALMS. 


The generic name applied by Wendland may be taken to indicate 
that Pseudophoenix was looked upon at first as an American analogue 
of the true date palms of the Old World, which seem to be related, 
not very remotely, to Chamaerops and other Old World fan palms. 
The analogy with Phoenix is made somewhat closer by the form of 
the leaves of Pseudophoenix, with their rather narrow, closely folded 
pinne arranged in irregular groups and standing at different angles 
to the rachis. Yet the pinne are altogether different from those of 
Phoenix, for they are reduplicate or folded back, with the channel 
on the under side, as in all of the pinnate palms except Phoenix. 

Pseudophoenix is also like Phoenix in sharing some of the charac- 
ters of fan palms, such as the large, branching inflorescence, the stipi- 
tate flowers, and the fleshy fruits with equal development of two or 

a 243 


244 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


three carpels. But.they are not the same resemblances that are 
shown in Phoenix and they afford no indication that Pseudophoenix 
is at all related to the true date palms. They furnish additional 
proof, if any were needed, of the derivation of the pinnate-leaved 
palms from fan-leaved ancestors, but the fact that some of the 
ancestral features have been retained should not cause profound 
differences in other respects to be overlooked. 


ALLEGED RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHER PINNATE-LEAVED 
PALMS. 


Sargent states that the original example of the palm, on Elliotts 
Key, was at first mistaken for a royal palm (Roystonea). The 
resemblance lay in the smooth, columnar trunk, the irregular posi- 
tions of the pinnex, and the elongated, sheathing leaf bases, but it 
became apparent that these similarities were merely external, as 
soon as the inflorescences and fruits were examined.! 

Wendland at first suggested an affinity with Chamaedorea and after- 
ward with Gaussia, in which Drude seems to have agreed. Gaussia 
is a Cuban genus of Synechanthaceae, while Chamaedorea belongs to 
a strictly continental group, chiefly Central American. In addition 
to the geographical proximity there is a slight resemblance between 
Pseudophoenix and the Synechanthaceae, both in the habit of growth 
and in the crowded, deeply furrowed pinne. Moreover, the seeds of 
Pseudophoenix are marked on the surface with a few impressed 
branches of the raphe, much as in Synechanthus. But such similari- 
ties are shared by so many other palms that they are of very little 
account as evidences of relationship. There is a complete contrast 
between the highly specialized inflorescence characters of the Syne- 
chanthaceae and the relatively primitive condition represented by 
Pseudophoenix. 

The characters that afford the most definite suggestions regarding 
the affinities of Pseudophoenix are found in the fruits. The fruit 
characters indicate that Pseudophoenix is much more closely related 
to the ivory palms, or even to the coconut palms, than to Chamae- 
dorea or to Gaussia. With only the dried fruits, as represented in 
herbarium specimens, it is easy to overlook some of the most sugges- 
tive features. New characters have been learned from fresh material 
of the ripe fruits, sent in by Mr. E. Simmonds from Miami, Florida, 


‘Sargent, C. 8. New or Little Known Plants. Pseudophoenix sargenti. Gard. & 
For. 1: 352. f. 55, 56. 1888. The figures consist of a photograph of a group of the palms 
on “Long’s Key” and drawings of the fruits and seeds. Wendland’s Latin diagnosis 
is given. A preliminary notice of the palm, with the name ‘‘ Pseudophoenix sar- 
gentii H. Wendland,”’ had been published two years before, in the Botanical Gazette 
(11: 314. 1886). Sargent’s most complete account of Pseudophoenix is in the Silva 
of North America (10: 33. pl. 506. 1896.) The localities mentioned in the Silva 
are Elliotts Key and Key Largo. 


RELATIONSHIPS OF THE FALSE DATE PALM. 245 


in February, 1912, to the office of Seed and Plant Introduction of 
the Bureau of Plant Industry, U. 8. Department of Agriculture. A 
specimen of the inflorescence with the fresh flowers was also received 
in August, 1912, from Mr. Simmonds, through the courtesy of Mr. 
R. A. Young of the same office. 

One reason why it did not seem possible to assign Pseudophoenix 
to a satisfactory place in the classification was that the flowering stage 
was still unknown, the floral characters having been inferred from the 
parts that persist on the mature fruits. The most significant fact to 
be learned in this way was that the flowers of Pseudophoenix are borne 
on distinct pedicels. This feature alone would make it evident that 
there could be no very close alliance between Pseudophoenix and any 
of the genera with which it has been associated by previous writers. 
From the fresh inflorescence it is still more apparent that Pseudo- 
phoenix is not merely similar to the fan palms in having pedicellate 
flowers, but in several other floral characters that entirely exclude 
the idea of alliance with Gaussia or Chamaedorea. 


FRUIT CHARACTERS. 


In external appearance the fresh fruits of Pseudophoenix may be 
described as smooth, shining berries, orange red in color and very 
variable in form, depending on the number of seeds developed. 
Many of the fruits have only one or two seeds, but so large a propor- 
tion are three-seeded that this must be considered as the normal con- 
dition. The size and shape of the fruits, and the characters of the 
attached floral organs are shown at natural size in plates 74 and 75. 
_ The general structure of the fruit is much like that of some of the 
cocoid palms, such as Bactris, Attalea, and Acrocomia. A smooth, 
thin epidermis incloses a thick, fleshy, oil-bearing pulp with an 
embedded fibrous network, surrounding a firm endocarp.: Though 
the endocarp is quite thin, it is very hard and bony and has a dis- 
tinctly columnar structure as in Manicaria and Phytelephas. And as 
in the latter genera, the endocarps of the three pistils remain distinct 
instead of being united as in the Cocaceae. 

Thus in the fruits of Pseudophoenix the exocarp characters of 
some of the Cocaceae may be said to be combined with the endocarp 
characters of the Manicariaceae and Phytelephantaceae. The 
method of germination is also closely similar to that of the ivory 
palms. Instead of being related to the Synechanthaceae or the Cham- 
aedoreaceae, Pseudophoenix finds a closer alliance with the coconut 
palms and other families recently recognized as members of a cocoid 
series.! 


1 Cook, O. F. Relationships of the Ivory Palms. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 13: 
133-142. 1910. 
76351°—vo1 16, pt 8—13——-2 


246 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


In affording such a combination of the characters of the Cocaceae 
with those of Manicariaceae and Phytelephantaceae, Pseudophoenix 
adds to the evidences of relationship drawn from the characters of the 
other families. On account of their peculiar flowers and fruits the 
ivory palms of South America had not been considered genuine 
palms, but had been placed in other orders, usually in association 
with Nipa, an altogether different Old World type. The recognition 
of the Phytelephantaceae as true palms and their association with 
the Cocaceae appear the more completely justified, now that we have 
Pseudophoenix as well as Manicaria to illustrate intermediate con- 
ditions of development of the characters of the fruits. Indeed, 
Pseudophoenix is much more directly intermediate than Manicaria 
in the particular characters in which the coconut palms and the ivory 
palms appear most widely divergent. The exocarp of Manicaria is 
much like that of Phytelephas and quite unlike that of any of the 
Cocaceae, while Pseudophoenix appears closer to the Cocaceae in the 
exocarp and closer to the ivory palms in the endocarp. 


PSEUDOPHOENIX THE TYPE OF A NEW FAMILY. 


Though the characters of the fruits and the germinating seedlings 
afford consistent and substantial evidences of the affinity of Pseu- 
dophoenix with the ivory and coconut palms, it does not appear that 
‘any very close alliance can be established. Pseudophoenix would 
certainly appear as a very anomalous genus if placed in the Cocaceae, 
Manicariaceae, or Phytelephantaceae. The only reasonable course 
seems to be to assign it to an independent position in the classifica- 
tion as representing a new and distinct family, Pseudophoenicaceae. 
The salient characters are indicated in the following description: 


Family PSEUDOPHOENICACEAE. 


Inflorescence exserted on a long-jointed, naked peduncle, dividing into numerous 
compound, naked branches, the spathes confined to basal joints. (Pu. 75,c.) Flowers 
andromonecious, male and bisexual in the same inflorescence, widely scattered on 
‘the ultimate branchlets, each flower supported on a slender pedicel articulated to 
the branch by an expanded hollow base, (PL. 75, a, b.) 

Calyx represented by a narrow, saucer-like rim of a thickened receptacle, the sepals 
‘indicated by slightly prominent, broadly rounded angles alternating with the petals. 
~ Corolla of three large, thick, valvate, persistent petals, firmly fleshy in texture 
and with distinct longitudinal veins. Stomata present on both surfaces. ‘Tissues sup- 
plied with chlorophyll and with numerous bundles of raphides, 

Stamens 6, borne on short, flattened, triangular-subulate filaments slightly united 
at base to form a narrow fleshy disk. Anthers triangular-cordate, about twice as long 
_as broad, attached to the filaments at the base in a deep cavity of the outer face. Cells 
separated on the inner face by a distinct groove, but appearing completely coalesced 
on the smooth outer face, opening by lateral slits as soon as exposed. Pollen white. 
' Pistils 3, united to near the apex into a rather narrow, triangular-conic pyramid 
shorter than the stamens. Styles not differentiated; stigmas represented by three 
obtuse, appressed apical lobes, separating only by narrow slits. Pistillodes of imper- 


$e 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 74. 


PSEUDOPHOENIX SARGENTII WENDL. 


PLATE 75. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. 


PSEUDOPHOENIX SARGENT! WENDL. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16, PLATE 76 


PSEUDOPHOENIX SARGENTI! WENDL. 


PLATE 77. 


6. 


| 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 


PSEUDOPHOENIX SARGENTH WENDL. 


RELATIONSHIPS OF THE FALSE DATE PALM. 947 


fect flowers as long as or longer than the pistils, but forming a much more slender- 
pointed column tapering to a narrow, three-pointed apex. (Pus. 74, 75, a, b.) 

Fruits with a thin, smooth epidermis composed of a mosaic of polygonal cells very 
irregular in size and shape, with scattering stomata. Exocarp represented by a fleshy 
pulp with two distinguishable layers, the outer of rather watery consistency richly 
supplied with raphides, the inner firmer and more fibrous, containing oil globules and 
spiral vessels. Endocarp smooth, with a closely adherent outer coating of whitish 
material, asin Phytelephas, and an inner layer hard and bony, composed of columnar 
cells. (Pu. 76.) 

Seed covered with a closely adherent, fibrillar membrane. Surface slightly im- 
pressed by the branches of the raphe, these usually six in number, three on each side, 
the lower pair short. Albumen uniform, bony, solid. Embryosubbasal. (Pts. 76, 77.) 

Germination as in Attalea and Phytelephas, by the emergence of a burrowing 
cotyledon that carries the plumule down into the soil. Cotyledon emerging through 
an operculate aperture of the endocarp, as in Phytelephas. First two leaves repre- 
sented by bladeless sheaths. A long, fleshy primary radicle developed directly from 
the cotyledon before the leaves begin to grow. (Pt. 75, d.) 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 74,—One of the primary branches of the inflorescence with mature flower buds 
and with four detached open flowers. Natural size. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 75.—a, Staminate flowers; b, bisexual flowers; c, main axis of inflorescence with 
bases of primary branches showing smooth surfaces of axillary pulvini and subtending bracts; d, young 
seedling, showing method of germination with burrowing cotyledon and long primary radicle. a, b, Scale 
about 2; c, d, natural size. . 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 76.—Ripe fruits with attached pedicels and floral parts, the different forms of 
the fruits depending on whether one, two, or three of the carpels develop; also three seeds with flesh re- 
moved, one with the endocarp, one naked, and one in vertical section. All natural size, 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 77.—Segments of leaf and branch of inflorescence with dried fruits; also a seed 
showing radiating branches of the raphe and a seed in vertical section showing the position of the embryo. 
All natural size. 

Plates 74, 75, and 76 represent material from cultivated trees growing in the Plant Introduction Garden 
of the U. 8. Department of Agriculture, at Miami, Fla.; received in February and August, 1912, Plate 77 
represents a specimen collected on Long Key, Fla., by A. H. Curtiss (no. 5637), April 25, 1896; U.S. National 
Herbarium, no. 280541. , 


FLORAL PECULIARITIES OF PSEUDOPHOENIX. 


The flowers of Pseudophoenix show several noteworthy peculiarities, 
although they are only slightly specialized in the direction followed 
by most other palms, the separation of the sexes. The sexual speciali- 
zation extends only to the loss of function in the pistils of a part of the 
flowers, and especially in those that are borne at the ends of the 
branches. But the pistils of the staminate flowers are not much 
reduced and there are only slight differences in other respects. It 
was noticed by Mr. C. B. Doyle, in preparing the photographs for the 
plates, that the pedicels of the staminate flowers were somewhat more 
slender, the buds somewhat narrower, and the stamens a little larger, 
but all the differences are slight and might easily be overlooked. The 
lowest bud shown on plate 74 was probably staminate, while most of 
the others were bisexual. Wendland and Sargent described the 
flowers as monecious, evidently on the assumption that the persistent 
filaments attached to the ripe fruits represented staminodes instead 
of functional stamens. 

The floral specializations of Pseudophoenix are in the external 
organs rather than in the internal. The long pedicels jointed at the 


948 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


base, the reduced limb of the calyx, and the very large, firm petals are 
the most peculiar features. The pedicels are as highly specialized as 
in any of the fan palms, oreven moreso. They are articulated to the 
branches by an expanded, circumscissile, hollow base leaving a con- 
ical persistent core. This might be mistaken for a short pedicel after 
the flowers have fallen. The calyx, receptacle, and pedicel are com- 
pletely fused together. (Pus. 74, 75, a, 6.) 

The unusual development of the petals is doubtless connected with 
‘the fact that the inflorescences become exposed at an early stage of 
growth, whereas in most palms they are protected by spathes until just 
before the flowers open. The spathes of Pseudophoenix are so short 
that the flowers must become exposed while they are still very young. 
At the time of flowering the spathes extend only to about the middle 
of the longest joint of the peduncle. The spathes are narrow and 
compressed, with naked green surfaces and brown scaly margins, and 
are bilabiate at the aperture. 

The equipment of the petals with stomata, chlorophyll-bearing cells, 
fibrovascular bundles, and raphides indicates that they are able to 
discharge vegetative functions. This makes it possible to understand 
how they are able to remain alive until the fruit ripens. The veins of 
the petals are usually five in number, but are often somewhat irregu- 
larly branched. The chlorophyll is more abundant along the veins. 
The epidermis is composed of an irregular mosaic of cells whose lateral 
walls are often interrupted or perforated. The bundles of raphides are 
irregularly scattered, but all lie in a longitudinal direction. It is not 
known whether stomata and raphides are to be found in the petals of 
other palms. The abundant development of raphides in the petals of 
Pseudophoenix may have relation to an unusual period of exposure of 
the flowers to the attacks of snails or insects. 

The ease with which the pedicels separate from the branches, the 
ereat abundance of pollen, and the very prompt opening of the 
anthers indicate that the flowers are ephemeral and dependent on 
fertilization by the wind, though it is possible that nectar to attract 
insects may be secreted by the fleshy staminal disk. 

Though the petals remain green, the anthers are of a bright orange 
color that may render the inflorescences conspicuous at flowering time. 
A broad, longitudinal band along the middle of the smooth outer sur- 
face of the unopened anthers is of a darker yellow than the pollen 
cells, which contrast in turn with the white pollen. 


THE PSEUDOPHOENICACEAE AND ALLIED FAMILIES DISTIN- 
GUISHED BY FRUIT CHARACTERS. 


The fact that the fruits are borne on distinct columnar pedicels at 
once distinguishes Pseudophoenix from any of the American pinnate- 
leaved palms. Only the wax palms (Ceroxylon) show structures 


RELATIONSHIPS OF THE FALSE DATE PALM. 949 


suggestive of pedicels, but these are only small, cushion-like promi- 
nences, whereas in Pseudophoenix the pedicels are an even more 
prominent and specialized feature than in any of the fan palms. 

Apart from the pedicels, the fruit characters of Pseudophoenix sug- 
gest affinity with the Cocaceae, Manicariaceae, and Phytelephantaceae, 
as already stated. The external appearance, as well us the texture of 
the exocarp, 1s much the same as in Bactris and other related genera 
of cocoid palms, such as Trichobactris, Curima, and Tilmia. Yet 
there are three independent seeds, as in Manicaria, instead of a com- 
posite, fused endocarp as in the Cocaceae. The resemblance to the 
ivory palms is in the structure of the endocarp, in which there is almost 
complete agreement, in spite of the enormous differences in the size 
of the fruits and in the structures of the exocarp and epidermis. 

The following analytical key states the most: obvious external 
characters of the fruits, those that enable the Pseudophoenicaceae to 
be distinguished from the other related families, even without refer- 
ence to the more minute details of structure or to other parts of the 
plant. Though these differences might not in themselves be con- 
sidered of family importance, they afford simple means of recognizing 
the different groups. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO FAMILIES BASED ON FRUIT CHARACTERS. 


Fruits with endocarps completely coalesced to form a 

solid shell, usually with a single cavity containing 

a single embryo and endosperm.........----------- COCACEAE. 
Fruits with free endocarps, usually developing two or 

more separate seeds. 


Fruits with a thin, smooth, membranous epidermis. ... PSEUDOPHOENICACEAE, 
Fruits covered with a thick, rough, corky epidermis. 


Fruits with numerous (4 to 9) seeds, borne in dense 


heads on a simple inflorescence........-.---------- PHYTELEPHANTACEAE. 
Fruits with only 1 to 3 seeds, borne in loose clusters on a 
branched inflorescence............-+-2-e2 eee eee eee MANICARIACEAE, 


COMPARISON OF PSEUDOPHOENIX WITH THE WAX PALMS OF 
COLOMBIA. 


Another group of palms that may prove to have affinities with 
Pseudophoenix is the wax palms (Ceroxylaceae), which grow at high 
altitudes in the mountains of Colombia. Like Pseudophoenix the 
wax palms retain several obvious evidences of derivation from fan 
palms. Jn addition to large compound inflorescences, rather unspe- 
cialized flowers, and fruits borne on short pedicels, the Ceroxylaceae 
share with the palmettos the habit of producing in the juvenile stage 
a creeping rootstock before commencing to form an erect trunk. In 
this respect Ceroxylon shows a definite contrast with Pseudophoenix, 
in which the seed germinates by sending down a burrowing cotyledon 
quite as in Phytelephas and Attalea. 


250 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


COMPARISON OF CHARACTERS WITH THOSE OF COCOID PALMS. 
GERMINATION CHARACTERS. 


Some of the cocoid palms, such as Acrocomia, afford a suggestion 
of the method of germination followed by the palmettos and wax 
palms by a creeping rootstock. The seedling of Acrocomia does not 
have a long burrowing cotyledon, but the first four or five joints of 
the stem grow downward into the ground, forming a thickened, sub- 
terranean bulb that serves apparently for the storage of the food 
materials that are soon removed from the seed. After this subter- 
ranean structure has been developed the stem turns abruptly upward 
to begin the formation of the trunk. In Manicaria, which grows only 
in very wet swamps; neither of these specielizations § is found. The 
young plant appears much like a young Attalea, but there is no 
elongated cotyledon to carry it away from the seed. The same 
unspecialized method of germination is found in some of the species 
of Astrocaryum that are natives of very damp forests. 

The fact that Acrocomia and Attalea, both members of the family 
Cocaceae, have specialized in different ways in their methods of 
germination may be considered as evidence of derivation from the 
more simple state represented by Manicaria and Astrocaryum. The 
very close agreement of Phytelephas and Pseudophoenix with the 
more specialized Attalea method of germination is also suggestive of 
the idea that these aberrant genera may have arisen as offshoots of a 
primitive cocoid type. 


ENDOCARP CHARACTERS. 


But if such a history be projected to account for the agreement of 
Pseudophoenix with Attalea and Phytelephas in methods of germina- 
tion, the divergence from the primitive cocoid stock must be supposed 
to have taken place before the development of the composite endocarp 
that now appears as the most striking characteristic of the cocoid 
series. 

That the coalescence of the endocarps may have taken place inde- 
pendently in the ancestors of the different groups of Cocaceae is not 
to be considered as an impossibility in view of the several apparently 
independent cases of coalescence of the exocarps in other families 
of palms. The fact that many of the relatives of Acrocomia (sub- 
family Bactridineae) have the coalesced endocarps perforated by 
apical foramina, while other Cocaceae have only basal or peripheral 
foramina, would seem to support the idea that the coalescence of the 
endocarps might have occurred independently in the two groups. 
The coalescence of the endocarps would naturally have been preceded 
by a strong tendency to coalescence of the exocarps, as illustrated in 
Phytelephas, Manicaria, and Pseudophoenix. 


RELATIONSHIPS OF THE FALSE DATE PALM, 251 


THE FAMILIES OF AMERICAN PALMS. 
CHARACTERS AND SYNOPTICAL KEY. 


The determination of the status of Pseudophoenix as a distinct 
family has made it possible to complete a review of the classification 
of American families of palms. This was undertaken several years 
ago, but the impracticability of assigning Pseudophoenix to any of 
the groups caused it to be put aside. The following synoptical key 
indicates the characteristic features of the different families and may 
serve as a provisional arrangement of the family groups. The key is 
arranged to permit the diagnostic characters of a family to be followed 
in each case by a definitely contrasted statement of the characters of 
the other families. As several of the families have very definite 
ecological and geographical limitations, the habitat and distribution 
are indicated in the key. When the distribution extends over more 
than one region the principal center is mentioned first. 

Some of the groups have been recognized by previous writers 
though usually only as subfamilies or tribes, but in addition to the 
Pseudophoenicaceae the last six, at the end of the key, may be con- 
sidered as new families. 


KEY TO FAMILIES. 


Fruits covered with thin, polished, retrorse scales. Gen- 

era numerous, Lepidocaryum, Raphia, Mauritia, etc. 

In coast swamps and flood lands, Brazil to Costa Rica. 

THE SCALE PALMS.............2220200e cece eee eens LEPIDOCARYACEAE. 
Fruits without scales, usually naked, but sometimes 

‘with warts, spines, or hairs. 


Leaves palmate or fan-shaped, the segments radiating 

from a thickened ligulate base. Genera numerous, 

Sabal, Inodes, Copernicia, Thrinax, Paurotis, etc. 

In swamps, forests, and deserts, North and South 

America. THE Pautmetro PALMS.................. SABALACEAE. 
Leaves pinnately veined or divided, the segments or 

pinnz inserted on a distinct midrib or rachis, not 

ligulate. 


Seedlings with creeping rootstocks as in the Sabalaceae; 

adults with massive, columnar trunks, whitened by a 

thick coat of wax. Genus Ceroxylon. On mountain 

summits in Colombia and Ecuador. THe Wax 

PALMS....... 2.2. e eee eee eee CEROXYLACEAE. 
Seedlings of columnar types without a creeping juvenile 

stage; trunks naked or only slightly waxy. 


Flowers borne on slender pedicels, staminate and bi- 

sexual in the same inflorescence. Genus Pseudo- 

phoenix. Florida Keys. Tar Fatse Dats Patms.. PSEUDOPHOENICACEAE. 
Flowers sessile or depressed in pits, of separate sexes, 

monececious or dicecious. 


252 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


Endocarps of each fruit fused into a single bony shell. 

Genera numerous, Cocos, Attalea, Acrocomia, Bac- 

tris, ete. In undergrowth and open forests, South 

and North America, THe Coconut PAaums......... COCACEAE. 
Endocarps either not fused or not forming a bony shell, 


Pistils of 4 to 9 united caspels, usually maturing several 

large, bony seeds. Genus Phytelephas. In forests 

and coast plains, Panama to Peru. Tur Ivory 

PALMS......2 220. eee eee eee eee eee ee PHYTELEPHANTACEAE. 
Pistils with only 3 carpels, rarely maturing 2 or 3 small 

seeds, usually only 1. 


Inflorescences not emerging from the persistent, bag- 

like, fibrous spathes. Genus Manicaria, In tidal 

swamps, Brazil to Guatemala. THe Bag Paums.... MANICARIACEAE. 
Inflorescences emerging from incomplete or deciduous 

spathes. 


Flowers inserted in deep, closed pits. Genera num- 

erous, Geonoma, Calyptronoma, Welfia, etc. In 

forests, South and Central America. THe FisHrarn 

PALMS.......... 220202 e eee eee cece eee eee ee eeee GEONOMACEAE. 
Flowers superficial or in shallow depressions. 


Seeds inclosed in the three equally developed, coalesced 

carpels. Genera Malortiea and Reinhardtia. In 

forest undergrowth, Central America. Tue Larrice 

PALMS.....0.. 000.202 e eee eee eee eee eee eens MALORTIEACEAE. 
Seeds inclosed in single carpels, the three pistils sepa- 

rate or attached but not coalesced. 


Dicecious, flowers of different sexes on different plants. 

Genera numerous, Chamaedorea, Morenia, Eleuthe- 

ropetalum, Dasystachys, etc. In forest undergrowth, 

Central and South America. THe Pacaya Patms... CHAMAEDORACEAE. 
Moneecious, the flowers of separate sexes, but both in 

the same inflorescence or on the same plant. 


Trunk not reaching the ground, entirely supported by a 

cluster of long stilt-like roots. Genera numerous, 

Triartea, Catoblastus, Wettinia, etc. In forests, South 

America to Nicaragua. Tur Stirr Paums.......... IRIARTEACEAE. 
Trunk rooted in the ground, not depending on the sup- 

port of aerial roots. 


Flowers arranged in longitudinal rows; spathes several. 

Genera Synechanthus, Aeria, and Gaussia. On 

slopes and summits, Central America to Porto Rico. 

THe Row-FLOWERED PALMS..................----- SYNECHANTHACEAE. 
Flowers arranged in clusters of 3; spathes 2. Genera 

numerous, Acrista, Plectris, Catis, Roystonea, etc. In 

swamps and forests and on mountain summits, South 

and North America. Tar Roya Paums........... ACRISTACEAE. 


RELATIONSHIPS OF THE FALSE DATE PALM. 253 


ALLIANCES WITH OLD WORLD PALMS. 


Though the relationships of the Old World and New World palms 
are still very imperfectly understood it is evident that only a few of 
the families extend over both hemispheres. The geographical limi- 
tations of the families do not appear so remarkable when the ecologi- 
cal limitations of this group of plants are considered. The palms 
grow too slowly to be able to compete with other types of vegetation 
and the large, heavy seeds are not readily disseminated. There may 
have been a palm age in some former geological epoch when the palms 
occupied a larger proportion of the land and enjoyed better facilities 
of distribution, but at the present time the tendencies are in the 
other direction. Even inside the continental areas the different 
groups of palms have local or definitely limited distributions. Thus 
only a few of the South American and Central American types have 
secured footholds on the West Indian Islands. 

The land connection between North and South America has re- 
sulted in only a slight interchange of palm floras. The Chamaedorea- 
ceae, which are so richly developed in Mexico and Central America, 
have penetrated only to a slight extent into Colombia and Venezuela 
and are practically absent from the great Brazilian region. On the 
other hand, the distinctively South American families have as little 
to show in the way of any complete occupation of the tropical regions 
of North America. This is true of the Iriarteaceae, Geonomaceae, 
Ceroxylaceae, Manicariaceae, Phytelephantaceae, and especially of 
the Cocaceae, the most numerous and highly developed of the Ameri- 
can families. None of these groups has any extra-American repre- 
sentatives, unless the coconut palm itself and the African oil palm 
(Elacis guineensis Jacq.) be considered as such.* 

The scale palms (Lepidocaryaceae) are the only family that can be 
said to have a cosmopolitan distribution. Some of the Old World 
fan palms, such as Pritchardia and Livistone, may belong with the 
American palmetto palms instead of with the Asiatic talipot palms 
(Coryphaceae). In geologic times the fan palms are known to have 
had a circumpolar distribution, which would account for their pres- 
ence in both hemispheres. 

The closest approach among the pinnate-leaved tropical types is 
between the royal palm family (Acristaceae) of the New World, and 
the betel palm family (Arecaceae) of the Old Worild. Several peculiar 
genera found on the Pacific Islands may connect the more divergent 
continental forms. Some of the American stilt palms have leaves 
that suggest those of the Old World sugar palms (Caryotaceae), but 


1 Cook, O. F. Origin and Distribution of the Coconut Palm. Contr. U. 8. Nat. 
Herb. 7: 257-293. 1901. Also History of the Coconut Palm in America. Contr. 
U.S. Nat. Herb. 14: 271-342, 1910.) 


254 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


in other respects they are entirely different. The toddy palms 
(Borassaceae) and the true date palms (Phoenicaceae) are also 
specialized Old World types apparently quite remote from any of the 
New World families. 

The Old World palm flora as a whole seems to be much inferior to 
that of the New World from the standpoint of specialization of family 
types. The American preponderance is especially striking when the 
pinnate-leaved groups are compared. Apart from the Phoenicaceae 
and Caryotaceae, which are to be considered as independent deriva- 
tives from the ancestral fan palms, the Old World has only the 
Arecaceae to counterbalance the numerous pinnate-leaved groups of 
the American tropics. 


THE GENUS EPIPHYLLUM AND ITS ALLIES. 


By N.L. Brirron anp J. N. Rose. 


INTRODUCTION. 


An examination of the literature relating to Phyllocactus con- 
vinces us that this name should be regarded as a synonym of Epiphy]l- 
lum. The latter genus, published in 1812, was based on Cactus 
phyllanthus. The genus Phyllocactus, published in 1831, was based 
on two species, Cactus phyllanthus and Cactus phyllanthowdes. 

Unfortunately the name Epiphyllum has been retained by recent 
authors for another genus, of which Epiphyllum truncatum, the crab 
cactus, is the type, segregated from the true Epiphyllum. For this 
genus Schumann once proposed the name Zygocactus, but afterwards 
abandoned it. This name should be restored. 

The subgenera Disisocactus and Pseudepiphyllum of the genus 
Phyllocactus of Schumann deserve, in our opinion, generic rank, 
under the names Disocactus and Schlumbergera, respectively. 

To this relationship we refer Wittia and two new genera here 
described and typified, as well as Epiphyllanthus, which Mr. Alwin 
Berger places between Zygocactus and Rhipsalis. 

The genus Rhipsalis will be discussed in a subsequent paper. 


SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT. 


EPIPHYLLUM Haw. Syn. PI. Succ. 197. 1812. 
Prytuocactus Link, Handb. Gewichs. 2: 10. 1831. 


Plants mostly epiphytic, generally with flattened, often thin, leaf-like branches; 
spines wanting, except on seedlings and juvenile forms; cotyledons rather large, often 
persisting for a long time; flowers large, regular, mostly nocturnal, the tube narrow; 
filaments slender and long; style elongated, white or colored. 

Type species, Cactus phyllanthus L. 


Epiphyllum ackermannii Haw. Phil. Mag. 6: 109. 1829. 

Cactus ackermannit Lindl. Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1331. 1830. 

Cereus ackermannii Otto in Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 123, 1837. 

Phyllocactus ackermanniit Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 38. 1842. 

Type LocaLity: In Mexico. 

DisTrRiBuTIoN: Mexico. 

InLusTRaTions: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1331, as Cactus ackermannii. Curtis’s 
Bot. Mag. 64: pl. 8598, as Cereus ackermannii. Blithende Kakt. pl. 49; Cycl. Amer. 
Hort. Bailey 3: f. 1778; Dict. Gard. 8: f. 133; Karst. Deutsch. Fl. f. 6; Forst. 
Handb. Cact. ed. 2. f. 111; Riimpl. Sukkulenten f. 81—all as Phyllocactus acker- 
mannit. 255 


256 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Epiphyllum acuminatum Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 4?: 222. 1890. 

Phyllocactus acuminatus Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 213. 1899. 

Type Locauity: In the Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 

DistriBpuTION: Brazil; in cultivation in Mexico. 

IuLusrrations: Mart. Fl. Bras. 4%: pl. 45. Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3%: f. 59. 
D, as Phyllocactus acuminatus. 


Epiphyllum anguliger (Lem.) Don; Loud. Encycl. Pl. ed. 2. 1380. 1855. 

Phyllocactus anguliger Lem. Jard. Fleur. 1: pl. 92. 1850-51. 

TYPE Locauity: In Mexico. 

DisTRIBUTION: Central Mexico. 

IntustRaTions: Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 85: pl. 5100; Cycl. Amer. Hort. Bailey 1: 
f. 306; Dict. Gard. Nicholson 3:/.-134; Lem. Jard. Fleur. 1: pl. 92; Palmer, ult. 
Cact. 167; Paxton’s Fl. Gard. 1: pl. 34—all as Phyllocactus anguliger. 


Epiphyllum cartagense (Weber) Britt. & Rose. 
Phyllocactus cartagensis Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: 462. 1902. 
TYPE LocaLity: Near Cartago, Costa Rica. 
DIstRIBUTION: Costa Rica. 


Epiphyllum caudatum Britt. & Rose, sp. nov. 

Old stems terete and slender; lateral branches elongated-lanceolate, cuneately 
narrowed at base into a terete stalk, long-acuminate, 15 to 20 cm. long, 3 to 4 cm. 
wide, the margins crenate; flowers 12 to 15 cm. long, white; tube slender; ovary 
and most of the flower tube quite naked. 

Type in the United States National Herbarium, no. 691390, collected near Comal- 
tepec, Oaxaca, Mexico, altitude 540 to 900 meters, July 30-31, 1894, by E. W. Nelson 
(no. 919). 


Epiphyllum caulorrhizum (Lem.) Don; Loud. Encycl. Pl. ed. 2. 1380. 1855, 
Phyllocactus caulorrhizus Lem. Jard. Fleur. 1: Misc. 6. 1854. 
TYPE LocALITy: Not given. 
DIsTRIBUTION: Known only from greenhouse material of uncertain origin. 


Epiphyllum costaricense (Weber) Britt. & Rose. 
Phyllocactus costaricensis Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: 463. 1902. 
TYPE LocALIty: Rio Virilla, near San José, Costa Rica. 
DIsTRIBUTION: Costa Rica. 


Epiphyllum crenatum (Lindl.) Don; Loud. Encycl. Pl. ed. 2. 1378. 1855. 
Cereus crenatus Lindl. Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 30: pl. 31. 1844. 
Phyllocactus crenatus Lem. Hort. Univ. 6: 87. 1845. 
TYPE Locauity: In Honduras. 
DistrrsuTion: Honduras and Guatemala. 
ILLUsTRATIONS: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 30: pl. 31, as Cereus crenatus. 


Epiphyllum darrahii (Schum.) Britt. & Rose. 
Phyllocactus darrahii Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. Nachtr. 69. 1903. 
TYPE Loca.ity: In Mexico. 
DISTRIBUTION: Mexico. 
ILtLustraTions: Bliihende Kakt. pl. 91, as Phyllocactus darrahii. 


Epiphyllum gaillardae Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 240. 1913. 
Tyre LOCALITY: In Canal Zone, Panama. 
DistrrspuTion: Panama and northern Colombia. 
ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 68. 


Cortr. Nat. Herb. Vol. 16 PLATE 78. 


EPIPHYLLUM GUATEMALENSE BRITT. & ROSE. 


BRITTON AND ROSE—-EPIPHYLLIM AND ITS ALLIES. 257 


Epiphyllum grande (Lem.) Britt. & Rose. 

Phyllocactus grandis Lem, Fl. Serr. 3: 255. 1847. 

Tyre Locauitry: In Cuba, according to Lemaire. The plant is not known in Cuba 
at the present time. 

DisTrIBuTION: Honduras and Cuba, according to Schumann. 

ILLUSTRATIONS: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 123, as Phyllocactus grandis. 


Epiphyllum grandilobum (Weber) Britt. & Rose. 
Phyllocactus grandilobus Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: 463. 1902. 
TYPE LocaLity: La Hondura, Costa Rica. 
DistriBuTion: Costa Rica. 
This must be Phyllocactus macrolobus of Schumann’s Keys. 


Epiphyllum guatemalense Britt. & Rose, sp. nov. PuateE 78. 

A rather stout plant, in cultivation a meter high or more; old stem woody, with 
gray bark, terete; branches green, flat, 4 to 8 cm. broad, narrowed at base and there 
terete, coarsely crenate, obtuse at apex; flower bud pointed; flowers nocturnal, 
including the ovary about 28 cm. long; tube about 15 cm. long, straight or nearly so, 
green or yellowish green, somewhat angled, at least below, bearing only a few red- 
tipped scales, the inner and central part of the tube densely pilose; outer sepals 
scale-like with red reflexed tips; petals pure white, narrow, 8 or 9 cm. long, acuminate; 
stamens borne on the whole inner surface of the rather short throat, and therefore in 
more than one series; filaments pure white; style 25 cm. long, somewhat glossy, 
bright yellow; ovary pale, bearing only a few spreading bracts. 

Type in United States National Herbarium, no. 691401, collected in Guatemala by 
F. Eichlam, but definite locality not given. 

Living material, sent to Washington by the late F. Eichlam in 1910 as Phyllocactus 
thomasianus, flowered in Washington October 10, 1912. It is decidedly different 
from that species in its white filaments, yellow style, and other characters. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 78.—Branch and flower of the living type plant, in cultivation. Scale 4. 


Epiphyllum hookeri Haw. Phil. Mag. 6: 108. 1829. 

Cereus hookeri Link & Otto, Cat. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1828. 

Phyllocactus hookeri Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 38. 1842. 

Type Locauity: In Brazil. 

Distrisution: Brazil. 

ILLUsTRATIONS: Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 53: pl. 2692, as Cactus phyllanthus. Pfeiff. & 
Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: pl. 5, as Cereus hookeri. 


Epiphyllum latifrons Zucc. in Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 125. 1837, as synonym. 

Cereus latifrons Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 125. 1837. 

Phyllocactus latifrons Link in Walp. Repert. Bot. 2: 341. 1843. 

TYPE LocaALITy: Mexico, between Vera Cruz and Cordova, according to Schumann. 

DisTRIBUTION: Mexico, but not known from wild material. 

IttustRaTions: Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: pl. 10. f. 2-3; Curtis’s 
Bot. Mag. 67: pl. 38183—both as Cereus latifrons. Cact. Journ. 1: 55, as Phyllocactus 
latifrons. 

Epiphyllum lepidocarpum (Weber) Britt. & Rose. 

Phyllocactus lepidocarpus Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: 462. 1902. 

TYPE Locatity: Near Cartago, Costa Rica. 

DisterpuTion: Known only from Costa Rica. 


Epiphyllum nelsonii Britt. & Rose, sp. nov. 

Stems 60 to 120 cm. long, perhaps erect, slender and terete below, flat and thin 
above, here 3 to 4 cm. broad; margin crenate; flowers appearing from near the 
tips of the branches, 8 cm. long, light rose red; tube of flower short, funnel-form: 
ovary globular, bearing minute scales. 


258 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Type in the United States National Herbarium, no. 255576, collected near Chicharras, 
Chiapas, Mexico, altitude 900 to 1,800 meters, February 12 to 15, 1896, by E. W. 
Nelson (no. 3761). 

The plant grows on oak trees. 


Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Haw. Phil. Mag. 6: 109. 1829. 

Cereus oxypetalus DC. Prodr. 3: 470. 1828. 

Phyllocactus oxypetalus Link in Walp. Repert. Bot. 2: 341. 1843. 

Phyllocactus grandis Lem. Fl. Serr. 3: 255. 1847. 

Type LocaLity: In Mexico. 

DisTRIBUTION: Mexico and Guatemala. 

Intustrations: Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: pl. 14, as Cereus oxypetalus. Forst. 
Handb. Cact. ed. 2. /. 112, as Phyllocactus orypetalus. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 123, 
as Phyllocactus grandis. Gartenwelt 10: 560, as Phyllocactus latifrons. 


Epiphyllum phyllanthoides (DC.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 172. 1826. 

Cactus phyllanthoides DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 84. 1813. 

Cereus phyllanthoides A. DC. Prodr. 3: 469. 1828. 

Phyllocactus phyllanthoides Link, Handb. Gewiichs. 2: 11. 1831. 

TYPE Locatity: In Mexico. 

DistrisuTion: Mexico. 

InLusTRATIONS: Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 46: pl. 2092, as Cactus phyllanthoides. Schum. 
Gesamtb. Kakt. f. 42; Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: pl. 17; Monatsschr. 
Kakteenk. 7: 87; Safford, Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: /. 24—all as Phyllocactus 
phyllanthoides. Bonpl. Descr. Pl. Rar. pl. 3; Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 4: pl. 304, both as 
Cactus speciosus. 


Epiphyllum phyllanthus (L.) Haw. Syn. Pl. Succ. 197. 1812. 

Cactus phyllanthus L. Sp. Pl. 469. 1753. 

Opuntia phyllanthus Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. no. 9. 1768. 

Cereus phyllanthus A. DC. Prodr. 8: 469. 1828. 

Phyllocactus phyllanthus Link, Handb. Gewichs. 2: 11. 1831. 

Type Locauity: In Brazil. 

DistripuTiIon: Northern South America. 

ILLusTRATIONS: Petiver, Gazoph. Dec. pl. 59. f. 12. Pluk. Almag. Bot. pl. 247. 
f.5. Mart. Fl. Bras. 4?: pl. 44. Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 58: pl. 2692; DC. Pl. Succ. Hist. 
pl. 145; Vell. Fl. Flum. 5: pl. 33—all three as Cactus phyllanthus. Dill. Hort. 
Elth. pl. 64, as Cereus. Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: pl. 10. f. 1, as Cereus 
phyllanthus. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 2: 73, as Phyllocactus phyllanthus. 


Epiphyllum pittieri (Weber) Britt. & Rose. 
Phyllocactus pittieri Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 957. 1898. 
TYPE LOCALITY: In Costa Rica. 

DisTRIBUTION: Costa Rica. 


Epiphyllum pumilum Britt. & Rose, sp. nov. 

Old stems and lower branches woody and terete; upper branches rather thin, flat, 
10 to 60 cm, long by 3 to5 cm. wide, acute, sometimes with a long tip; margins remotely 
toothed; flowers small for the genus, including the ovary and petals only 10 cm. 
long; tube proper about 5 cm. long, greenish white, bearing a few very small, ascend- 
ing and appressed red scales; sepals linear, greenish or reddish, acute; petals white, 
lanceolate, acuminate; stamens in two groups; style slender, white; fruit not known. 

Type in the United States National Herbarium, no. 691392, collected in Guatemala 
by F. Eichlam and flowered in Washington, October 3, 1912. 

This species has frequently been collected in Guatemala, but has usually passed 
under the name of E. pittieri. This it resembles somewhat in the size of the flower, 
but the style is always white. 


PLATE 79. 


DISOCACTUS EICHLAMII WEING.’ Britt. & Rose. 


BRITTON AND ROSE—EPIPHYLLUM AND ITS ALLIES. 259 


Epiphyllum stenopetalum (Férst.) Britt. & Rose. 
Phyllocactus stenopetalus Forst. Handb. Cact. 441. 1846. 
Type Locality: None given. 

DisTRIBuTION: Mexico. 


Epiphyllum strictum (Lem.) Britt. & Rose. 
Phyllocactus strictus Lem. Ilustr. Hort. Lem. 1: Misc. 107. 1853. 
Typr LocaLity: InCuba. The plant is, however, unknown in the wild state in Cuba. 
DistRIBUTION: Cuba; Guatemala, fide Schumann. 
. InLusrrations: Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. /. 47. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 183, as 
Phyllocactus strictus. 


Epiphyllum thomasianum (Schum.) Britt. & Rose. 

Phyllocactus thomasianus Schum. Monatsschr. Kateenk. 5: 6. 1896. 

Tyre LocaLity: Not given. 

DisTRiBuTION: Costa Rica. 

InLusTRaTiIoNs: Bliihende Kakt. pl. 41. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: pl. [1], as 
Phyllocactus thomasianus. 


UNCERTAIN SPECIES. 


Phyllocactus purpusii Weing. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 34, 1907. 
We know this species only from description. It seems to be closely related to 
Epiphyllum oxypetalum, and comes from near the home of that species. 


Phyllocactus macrocarpus Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: 464. 1902. 
This appears to be the same as Epiphyllum thomasianum. 


Phyllocactus macropterus Lem. I!lustr. Hort. Lem. 11: Misc. 73. 1864. 
Known to us only from the original imperfect description, which may apply to one 
of the Costa Rican species above listed. 


DISOCACTUS Lindl. Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 31: pl. 9. 1845. 
Distsocactus Kunze, Bot. Zeit. 3: 533. 1845. 


Stems terete, usually erect, the branches flattened; flower regular, its tube very 
short; petals few, elongated, spreading; ovary naked, small; fruit nearly globular, 
not at all angled. 

Type species, Cereus biformis Lindl. 


Disocactus biformis Lindl. Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 31: pl. 9. 1845. 

Cereus biformis Lindl. Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 29: Misc. 66. 1843. 

Disisocactus biformis Kunze, Bot. Zeit, 3: 533. 1845. 

Phyllocactus biformis Labour. Monogr. Cact. 418. 1858. 

Typ LOCALITY: In Honduras, but the species was described froma garden specimen. 

DistriBUTION: Honduras. 

InLusTRATIONS: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 31: pl.9. Palmer, Cult. Cact. 175. Forst. 
Handb. Cact. ed. 2. f. 120; Riimpl. Sukkulenten /. 86—both as Disisocactus biformis. 
Bliihende Kakt. pl. 54; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 101: pl. 6156; Dict. Gard. Nicholson 3: 
f. 135; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 141—all as Phyllocactus biformis. 


Disocactus eichlamii (Weing.) Britt. & Rose. PuatTE 79. 
Phyllocatus eichlamii Weing. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21: 5. 1911. 
TyPE Locality: In Guatemala. 
DisTRIBUTION: Guatemala. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 79.—A plant in cultivation, received from F. Eichlam, showing old or half-with- 
ered flowers. Scale 3. , 


260 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


ZYGOCACTUS Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 42: 223. 1890. 


Stems much branched, flattened, divided int» short joints; flowers terminal, irreg- 
ular, zygomorphic; ovary terete, smooth and bractless, gradually broadening from 
the base, bearing minute bracts above; sepals ovate; corolla tube abruptly bent just 
above the ovary, bearing scattered petals along its sides and ending in a serrate mouth; 
stamens slender, white, arranged in two clusters; outer stamens borne along the 
inside of the corolla tube from near the base to near the middle; inner clusters of 
stamens about 20 (Schumann says 10) arising from the center and forming a short tube 
about the base of the style with an inner, deflexed, toothed membrane, the upper part 
free; style purple, slender, as long as the stamens; stigma single, clavate, solid, purple. 

Type species, Epiphyllum truncatum Haw. 


Zygocactus altensteinii (Pfeiff.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 4?: 225. 1890. 
Epiphyllum altensteinii Pieiff. Enum. Cact. 128. 1837. 
Type Locauity: In Brazil. 
DistTRIBuTION: Brazil. 
ItLustRations: Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: pl. 28, as Epiphylium 
altensteinii. 


Zygocactus delicatus (N. E. Brown) Britt. & Rose. 

Epiphyllum delicatum N. E. Brown, Gard. Chron. III. 32: 411. 1902. 

Epiphyllum delicatulum Schum. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 9. 1903. 

Type Locauity: In Brazil. 

Distrrmvtion: Brazil. 

Intustrations: Gard. Chron. III. 82: f. 140. Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. Nachtr. 
J. 9; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 7—both as Epiphyllum delicatulum. 


Zygocactus truncatus (Haw.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 4?: 224.1890. Pare 80. 

Epiphyllum truncatum Haw. Suppl. Pl. Succ. 85. 1819. 

Cactus truncatus Link, Enum, Pl. 2: 24. 1822. 

Cereus truncatus A. DC. Prodr. 8: 470. 1828. 

Type tocauity: In Brazil. 

DistriBuTion: Brazil. 

ILLusTRaTiIoNs: Mart. FI. Bras. 4*: pl. 46. Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 52: pl. 2562; Ed- 
wards’s Bot. Reg. 9: pl. 696; Reichenb. Fl. Exot. pl. 825—all as Cactus truncatus. 
Blihende Kakt. pl. 25; Cact. Journ. 1: 34, 114; Cycl. Amer. Hort. Bailey 2: 
J. 765; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3%: /. 61. A, B, C; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 
J. 9, 43; Hort. Univ. 7: facing p. 132; Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 887. f. 3; Forst. Handb. 
Cact. ed. 2. 129. f. 5; Riimpl. Sukkulenten /. 87—all as Epiphyllum truncatum. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 80.—Flowering branch of a greenhouse specimen. Natural size. 
SCHLUMBERGERA Lem. Rev. Hort. IV. 7: 253. 1858. 


Stems much branched, flattened; plants similar in habit to Zygocactus; flower 
regular, its tube very short. 

The taxonomic history of the two species here recognized is interesting. S. gaertneri 
was first supposed to be conspecific with S. russelliana and was regarded as a variety 
of that species by Regel. In 1890 Schumann considered them distinct species, but 
congeneric, while in 1899 he referred them to different genera. Both species are 
probably from Brazil. 

Type species, Schlumbergera epiphylloides Lem. 


Schlumbergera gaertneri (Regel) Britt. & Rose. 
Epiphyllum russellianum gaertneri Regel, Gartenflora 88: 323. 1884. 
Epiphyllum gaertnerit Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 42: 218. 1890. 
Phyllocactus gaertneri Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°: 218. 1894. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 80. 


ZYGOCACTUS TRUNCATUS (HAW.) SCHUM. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 81. 


SCHLUMBERGERA RUSSELLIANA (HOOK.) BRITT. & ROSE. 


BRITTON AND ROSE—EPIPHYLLUM AND ITS ALLIES. 261 


Type Locatity: Near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 

DistRIBUTION: Brazil. 

IntustraTions: Cact. Journ. 1: 9, 114; Gartenflora 39: /. 96; Rev. Hort. Belg. 
15: 229. f. 2—all as Epiphylium russellianum gaertneri. Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 117: 
pl. 7201; Gartenwelt 10: 559—both as Epiphyllum gaertneri. Blihende Kakt. pl. 21; 
Gartenflora 33: pl. 1172; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 4: 107; Riimpl. Sukkulenten 148. 
f. 80—all as Phyllocactus gaertnert. 


Schlumbergera russelliana (Hook.) Britt. & Rose. PuaTE 81. 

Epiphyllum russellianum Hook. Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 66: pl. 3717. 1840. 

Phyllocactus russellianus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 37. 1845. 

Schlumbergera epiphylloides Lem. Rev. Hort. IV. 7: 253. 1858. 

TYPE LOCALITY: Organ Mountains, Brazil. 

DistriBuTion: Brazil. 

ILLUSTRATIONS: Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 66: pl. 3717; Gartenflora 33: pl. 1172; Férst. 
Handb. Cact. ed 2. f. 119—all as Epiphyllum russellianum. Cycl. Amer. Hort. 
Bailey 2: f. 766, as Epiphyllum truncatum russellianum. Riimpl. Sukkulenten /. 79, 
as Phyllocactus russellianus. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 81.—Flowering branch of a greenhouse specimen. Natural size. 


WITTIA Schum. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 117. 1903. 


Joints flattened, somewhat thickened, spineless, the margins more or less crenate; 
flowers small for this group, not fugacious, with a definite tube; lobes much shorter 
than the tube; style (so far as known) slender, white; ovary and fruit small. In 
many respects similar to Rhipsalis, but with very different flowers. 

Type species, Wittia amazonica Schum. 


Wittia amazonica Schum. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 117. 1903. 
Type LOcALITy: Peru, near Laetica and Tarapoto. 
DistRisuTION: Known only from the type locality. 
IxLustrRaTions: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 119. 


Wittia costaricensis Britt. & Rose. Puate 82. 

Stems 40 to 50 cm. long, erect or curved, flat, 1 to 3 cm. broad, with horizontal 
branches narrowed at base, pointed, the margin low-serrate; areoles 12 to 15 mm. 
apart; ovary, tube, and sepals purplish; ovary 3 mm. long, bearing a few very short 
bracts; tube of flower about 8 mm. long; petals white, obtuse, spreading; stamens 
erect; style white; stigmas 4. 

Type in the United States National Herbarium, no. 691402, collected on the west 
coast of Costa Rica in 1907 by H. Pittier. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE '82,—Growing plant of the type collection, raised from a cutting. Scale 
about 3. 
Wittia panamensis Britt. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 16: 241. 1913. 

TyPe Locality: Mountains above Chepo, Panama. 

DIsTRIBUTION: Panama. 

ItLusTRATIONS: Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. loc. cit. pl. 72. 


ECCREMOCACTUS Britt. & Rose, gen. nov. 


Plants epiphytic, pendent, several-jointed, the joints flat and thin, with spine- 
bearing marginal areoles; flowers funnel-form, the short, nearly cylindric tube bearing 
small scales, but no spines; perianth withering-persistent, its segments obtuse, 
rounded, or the innermost acutish; stamens and style white, included; fruit carmine 
red, oblong, with a few spineless areoles; seeds numerous, minute, black. 

Type species, Eccremocactus bradei Britt. & Rose. 


262 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. , 
Eccremocactus bradei Britt. & Rose, sp. nov. PLATE 83. 

Joints 15 to 30 cm. long, 5 to 10 cm. broad, light dull green, flat, but the central 
axis somewhat elevated on both sides, the margins shallowly crenate, with small spine- 
bearing areoles in the sinuses; spines solitary or in twos or threes, dark brown, 6 mm. 
long or less; flowers about 5 cm. long; outer perianth segments pale yellow, the inner 
white, the tube nearly as long as the limb; fruit juicy, 2.5 to 4 cm. long, somewhat 

5-ribbed, the ribs undulate; seeds 1.5 mm. long. 

Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, from a plant collected 
near Santo Domingo, Turruvares, Costa Rica, altitude 200 meters, by Brade in 1905 
and brought from Costa Rica to the New York Botanical Garden by Mr. William R. 
Maxon in 1906 (Maron 21). The plant flowered at the New York Botanical Garden in 
June and October, 1911. 

The flowers of this plant resemble in form those of Weberocereus; its joints resemble 
those of some species of Epiphyllum. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 83.—A growing cutting of the type collection, the three new branches begin- 
ning to assume the normal hanging position. Scale about 4. 


STROPHOCACTUS Britt. & Rose, gen. nov. 


Plants epiphytic, climbing and twining, with aerial roots along the midnerve; stems 
thin, broad, somewhat branching, the margins bearing numerous closely sat areoles; 
spines numerous, acicular; flowers large, red, nocturnal; ovary and flower tube with 
numerous hairs and bristles in the axils of the scales; corolla separating from the ovary 
as in Cereus; fruit egg-shaped, with a truncate apex; seeds black (?), ear-shaped, 
with an open (?) hilum. 

Type species, Cereus wittii Schum, 


Strophocactus wittii (Schum.) Britt. & Rose. Pate 84, 
Cereus wittit Schum, Monatsschr. Kateenk. 10: 154. 1900. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Swampy woods near Manaos, Brazil. 
DistTRIBUTION: Brazil. : . 
ILLustRaTIoNs: Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. Nachtr./. 6; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 10: 
155; 12: 139; 15: 25—all as Cereus wittii. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 84.—Reproduced from the illustration in the Monatsschrift fiir Kakteenkunde, 


vol. 10, p. 155, showing: A, habit of plant; B and C, branches bearing young fruit; D, areole, with 
spines; £, fruit; F,seed. A, scale yy; B, scale 3; C, scale 4; D and E, natural size; F, scale 8. 


IPIPHYLLANTHUS Berger, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 84. 1905. 


Epiphytic; stems much branched, ribbed, jointed; joints slightly flattened, bearing 
several sete from the areoles; flowers similar to those of Zygocactus; ovary angular; 
inner stamens united at base. 

Type species, Cereus obtusangulus Schum. 


Epiphyllanthus obtusangulus (Lindb.) Berger, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16:84. 1905. 
Epiphyllum obtusangulum Lindb.; Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 4?: 198. 1890. 
Cereus obtusangulus Schum. in Mart, Fl. Bras. 42: 198. 1890. 
? Cereus anomalus Schum. Keys Monogr. Cact. 16, 1903, name only. 
Type Locauity: In Brazil. 
DistrrBuTion: Brazil, 
ILLustrations: Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. /. 30, as Cereus obtusangulus. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16, PLaTe 83. 


ECCREMOCACTUS BRADE! BRITT. & ROSE. 


16, PLATE 84. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 


ni at: gl a PI 


Ee ne oe ald al 


STROPHOCACTUS WITTII (SGHUM.) BRITT. & ROSE. 


ANNONA SERICEA AND ITS ALLIES, 


By Wiuturam E. Sarrorp. 


INTRODUCTION. 


In continuance of his studies in the Annonaceae, the writer finds 
that the silky annona of French Guiana (Annona sericea Dunal) is 
the type of a natural subgroup of the genus Annona, which should be 
segregated as a section. This will be composed of at least ten 
species, several of which have not hitherto received names. In 
addition to defining the section and characterizing the species, it has 
been possible in this paper to present photographs of a number of 
the type specimens, including that of Annona echinata and the flower 
of A. sericea, described and figured by Dunal in his classical mono- 
graph of the Annonaceae. For the photographs of the latter, the 
types of which are in the De Candolle Prodromus Herbarium, the 
writer is indebted to M. Augustin de Candolle. For that of A. trini- 
tensis he is indebted to the Director of the Royal Gardens at Kew. 
The remainder of the photographs, including those of A. spraguen, 
A. holosericea, and A. jamaicensis were taken in Washington under 
the writer’s direction. 

The accompanying drawings were made by Mr. A. B. Boettcher 
and Mr. J. M. Shull, those of the essential ‘parts being reproduced 
from camera lucida drawings of the writer. 


SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT. 


The species here described form a fairly well-defined genus sec- 
tion, for which the name Pilannona is proposed, to give it coordi- 
nate rank with the sections Euannona (based upon Annona muricata 
L.), Atta (including Annona squamosa, A. cherimola, and their 
allies), lama (based upon A. diversifolia Safford), Annonella (based 
upon A. globiflora Schlecht.),1 and Chelonocarpus (based upon A. 
scleroderma Safford).2 As in other natural plant groups there are 


1See Safford, W. E. The Genus Annona: The Derivation of its Name and its 
Taxonomic subdivisions. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 1: 118. 1911. 


2 See Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 3: 103-109. 1913. -_ 


264 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


certain species which appear to form connections with allied groups, 
so in the section Pilannona the type species, A. sericea Dunal, appears 
to be allied to the 6-petaled A. paludosa Aubl. and sometimes has 3 
imperfectly developed inner petals; while, at the opposite end of the 
series, A. jamaicensis Sprague approaches A. cherimola, belonging to 
the section Atta. Notwithstanding these connecting links, the group 
may be regarded as sufficiently distinct, and the species composing it 
are most conveniently set apart for study as a section by themselves. 
The section may be characterized as follows: 


ANNONA, section PILANNONA Safford. 


Flowers normally 3-petaled, spheroid or rarely oblong in bud, the petals valvate, 
thick, concave, and not keeled within nor triquetrous; receptacle convex, often 
clothed with short fine straight bristle-like hairs; stamens numerous, with the connec- 
tive expanded into a terminal head above the two parallel pollen sacs, the surface of 
the head being either minutely papillose or echinate, and in some cases bearing a 
number of erect or slightly curved hairs; carpels numerous, crowded, more or less 
covered with sericeous hairs, with club-shaped styles and minutely tuberculate or 
echinate ovoid stigmas. 

As compared with the common custard apples of commerce (Annona reticulata, 
A. cherimola, and their allies), the fruits of this group are small, in many cases no larger 
than a plum or peach and sometimes the size of a strawberry. In nearly all the spe- 
cies the surface of the fruit is velvety, especially during the early stages, and the seeds 
are surrounded by scant pulp. As the name indicates, the young growth of the type 
species and its close allies is sericeous or velvety, and the leaves of most of the species 
are more or less velvety or sericeous, at least on the lower surface. In a few cases 
they become glabrate at length. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES. 


Peduncles in clusters of 2 or 3; flower buds depressed-globose; 
leaves oblong-acuminate, membranaceous, clothed beneath 
with soft brown velvety pubescence. A small tree of British 
Guiana and northern Brazil. ..........0.0.......02220000-. 2. A. jenmanii. 
Peduncles solitary (in no. 1 sometimes geminate), 
Lower leaves of flowering branches orbicular; stigmas and con- 
nectives of stamens densely pilose or velvety. A small 
tree of Nicoya, Costa Rica... ................2.2......... 5. A. holosericea. 
Lower leaves not orbicular. 
Bracteoles of peduncles linear-lanceolate, acuminate; leaves 
small, long-acuminate, membranaceous, glabrate. A 
small tree of Panama.....................2......-.---. 9. A. acuminata. 
Bracteoles of peduncles not linear-lanceolate, acuminate. 
Peduncle usually 3 times as long as the petioles, slender, 
softly pilose and recurved in fruit; leaves ovate or ellip- 
tical, membranaceous, persistently soft-tomentose be- 
neath; fruit strawberry-shaped, without projecting 
points. A tree of southern Veracruz, Mexico......... 
Peduncles less than three times the length of the petioles. 
Leaves thickly tomentose beneath, oblong, acuminate; 
fruit covered with fleshy claw-like projections. A 
forest tree of Panama.................2..2..2-..-. 6. A. spraguei. 


we 


. A. longipes. 


SAFFORD—-ANNONA SERICEA AND ITS ALLIES. 265 


Leaves sericeous or subtomentose beneath or at length 
glabrate. 
Leaves acute or gradually acuminate, membranaceous; 
midrib and lateral nerves reddish-sericeous be- 
neath; fruit ovoid, echinate; flowers solitary or 
geminate. A tree of thesavannasof French Guiana. 1. A. sericea. 
Leaves abruptly or obtusely acuminate. 
Fruit verrucose, strawberry-shaped; leaves shortly 
and obtusely acuminate. A tree growing on 


the island of Trinidad.................-.-.-... 3. A. drinitensis. 
Fruit echinate, or with the carpels produced into 
points or tails. 


Lowermost leaves of flowering branches broadly 
ovate-cordate, the carpels terminating in 
minute tail-like appendages. <A tree growing 
on the Magdalena River, Colombia............' 7. A. cercocarpa. 
Lowermost leaves elliptical or obovate. 
Flowers globose in bud; fruit ovoid, the carpels 
terminating in recurved points. <A tree of 
French Guiana........----...2-2ee22------ 8. A. echinata, 
Flowers oblong or ovoid in bud; fruit spheroid 
or oblate, the carpels terminating in in- 
curved points. A tree of the island of 
Jamaica........ 2. cece cece ee ee cece ee ceeee es 10. A. jamaicensis. 


1. Annona sericea Dunal. 
Smi.xy ANNONA OF FRENCH GUIANA. 


Anona sericea Dunal, Monogr. Anon. 69. pl. 5. 1817. 

A small tree; young branches slender, clothed at first with soft ferrugineous or dark 
red silky hairs; leaves distichous; petioles short (4 to 8 mm. long), ferrugineous-seri- 
ceous; upper leaves on flowering branches longer and relatively narrower than those 
near the base, oblong to oblong-lanceolate or obovate-oblong, 10.5 to 18 cm. long and 
3.5 to 5.5 cm. broad, acute or acuminate at the apex, short-acute or rounded at the base, 
membranaceous, finely and densely pellucid-punctulate, glabrate above with impressed 
midrib and inconspicuous lateral nerves (18 to 25 on each side), subtomentose 
beneath, the prominent midrib and slightly curved parallel nerves clothed with dark 
red or maroon silky hairs; lower leaves on the flowering branches ovate or elliptical, 
often obtuse or emarginate as in many other Annonaceae; flowers normally 3-petaled, 
globose in bud; peduncles solitary or sometimes in pairs, extra-axillary, straight, 11 to 
16 mm. long, 1-flowered, appressed ferrugineous pubescent, with a minute caducous 
tomentose scale at the base and an inconspicuous bracteole near the middle; unopened 
flower buds 10 to 12 mm. in diameter; calyx gamosepalous, 3-lobed, the lobes broadly 
triangular-ovate, abruptly acuminate or cuspidate, clothed on the outside with 
appressed dark red hairs; petals broadly ovate or suborbicular (12 to 16 mm. long and 
10 to 12 mm. broad), obtuse, thick, valvate, concave, clothed on the outside with fine 
ferrugineous-sericeous pubescence and on the inside with golden brown or pale ful- 
vous tomentulum; torus 6 mm. in diameter, convex, clothed with straight yellowish 
diaphanous caducous hairs and bearing numerous crowded stamens 1.8 to 2.2 mm. 
long; filaments very short, flat; pollen sacs linear, parallel, 1.5 to 1.7 mm. long, pale 
straw-colored, the connective expanded above them into a hood-like covering, yel- 
lowish, finely papillose, covered with minute points and bearing a number of erect stiff 


266 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


sharp whitish diaphanous hairs; carpels together with the styles about as long as the 
stamens, the ovaries rufous-sericeous, the styles club-shaped, chocolate brown, micro- 
scopically granular on the surface, the terminal stigmas swollen at the time of polli- 
nation and minutely tuberculate; fruit (immature specimen collected by Poiteau) 
ovoid or heart-shaped, muricate with sharp fleshy points, like a minature fruit of 
A. muricata in appearance, 2.5 cm. long, 1.8 cm. in diameter; seeds small, ovoid, 
somewhat compressed and bearing a swollen caruncle at the base. (PLateEs 85, 86, 
91, A, facing p. 270. Fieure 42.) 

Type in the Prodromus Herbarium of De Candolle at Geneva, collected some 
time during the latter part of the eighteenth century in French Guiana by Patris.! 

_ Distrisution: Guiana to Brazil. 

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: French Gurana—“ Cayenne,” 1795?, 
Patris, flower of type collection, also specimen from same locality 
with geminate peduncles, from Prodromus Herbarium of De 
Candolle; Karouany, 1855, P. Sagot 7; without definite locality, 
1817-1822, Poiteau, photograph of specimen in Kew Herbarium, 
from the Gay Herbarium, presented by Poiteau in July, 1824, 
to Gay, and by Dr. Hooker to the Kew Herbarium in February, 
1868. 

Annona sericea, though normally 3-petaled, has sometimes 3 
additional inner petals. These when present are linear-lanceolate 
in shape and are sometimes imperfect, as in abnormal flowers of 
A. globiflora. They are alternate with the 3 outer petals and 
appear to close the seams between them, as if to protect the 
essential parts of the flower from moisture, as in the case of A. 
angustifolia Huber, a closely allied shrub of Brazil, regarded by 
Martius as a narrow-leaved variety of A. sericea (A. sericea var. 
angustifolia Mart.).? These 6-petaled forms appear to connect 
A. sericea with A. paludosa Aubl., in which the flowers are 
Fig. 42.—Fruitof An- normally 6-petaled. Annona paludosa further resembles A. 

spe Natural sericea in the soft, velvety lining of its leaves and its small, 

ovoid fruit covered with fleshy prickles, very much like the fruit 
collected by Poiteau in French Guiana (fig. 42).* The two species are undoubtedly 
distinct, both of them being recorded as common in French Guiana, where they are 
known by the common name guimamé. According to Sagot A. sericea is distinguished 
from A. paludosa as guimamé savane. The latter is known simply as guimamé, or as 
corossol sauvage (from the resemblance of its fruit to a miniature soursop).4 


’ Patris, J. B. “‘Médecin et botaniste du roi, et conseiller au Conseil-supérieur de 
Cayenne,’’ for whom the genus Patrisa was named by Richard. ‘He collected with 
great zeal in French Guiana about the year 1795. His collection, which probably 
included twelve or fifteen hundred species, and which has been estimated at two thou- 
sand, on account of duplicates, was presented by the chevalier Turgot to Lhéritier 
and was acquired by A. P. de Candolle, when he purchased Lhéritier’s herbarium 
Patris’s plants, which form more than half the Guiana species of the original herbarium 
of the Prodromus, bear neither the signature of Patris nora record of the exact locality 
in which they were collected. Patris was in communication with de Rohr and Ro- 
lander. His specimens were prepared with great care, and were probably represented 
by either a single sheet or by twoor three.” Sagot, Catalogue des Plantes de la Guyane 
Francaise. Ann. Sci. Nat. VI. Bot. 10: 367. 

? Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 5: 353. 1909. 

3 See Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 611. pl. 246. 1775. 

4Sagot, Ann. Sci. Nat. VI. Bot. 11: 134. 1880. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16, PLATE 85. 


ANNONA SERICEA DUNAL. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. 


PLaTe 86. 


eee 


Perum 
~ 
—— 


a 


ttcher. 
Boettcher 


ANNONA SERICGEA DUNAL. 


SAFFORD—ANNONA SERICEA AND ITS ALLIES, 267 


* In the original description of Annona sericea by Dunal the collector’s name is not 
given nor does it appear in De Candolle’s Prodromus. It is, however, to be found in 
the Systema.! The type is in an excellent state of preservation, and the drawing 
of it here presented (pl. 86) proves that Dunal’s figure is fairly accurate, showing the 
flower to be extra-axillary, though he erroneously describes it as axillary, and the 
peduncles possibly to have been geminate, as shown in plate 85. He does not, 
however, figure the details of the essential parts of the flower, a deficiency supplied 
in plate 86. The flower of the type itself (see pl. 91, A), kindly lent for the occasion 
by M. Augustin de Candolle, is in excellent condition and has not the least appearance 
of being, as it actually is, more than a century old. In this type specimen the carpels 
and stamens are cemented in place by the glue-like exudation from the stigmas, to 
which some of the pollen grains still adhere. 

The type plant collected by Patris formed part of Lhéritier’s herbarium.? In 
another specimen of the same collection (pl. 85) and bearing a similar label the 
peduncles are geminate. The leaves are exactly similar to those of the type speci- 
men, the lower surface of the young ones being covered with reddish silky hairs, 
while the older ones are subtomentose beneath and of an olivaceous color between 
the nerves, sharply contrasting with the bright reddish silky-tomentose midrib and 
lateral nerves. 

Annona sericea is represented in Brazil by a narrow-leaved form, A. angustifolia 
Huber, to which reference has already been made. A broad-leaved ally on the 
Island of Trinidad, which was included by Sprague in A. sericea, is below segregated 
as A. trinitensis. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES 85, 86.—PIl. 85, photograph of specimen from type locality in the De Can- 
dolle Prodromus Herbarium, showing geminate peduncles. Natural size. Pl. 86,drawingoftype. Nat- 
ural size. Fig. a, flower of same with two petals truncated and one removed to show the essential parts; 
b, stamens of same showing the stiff hairs borne on the terminal, swollen connective; c, carpel composed 
of hairy ovary and style terminating in a minutely tuberculate stigma; d, apex of leaf, showing silky 
indument of lower surface. Fig. a, scale 3; band c, scale 15; d, natural size. 


2. Annona jenmanii Safford, sp. nov. 
SILKY ANNONA OF BrITISH GUIANA. 


A shrub or small tree; young branches slender, clothed with dense appressed 
ferrugineous hairs; leaves distichous; petioles 6 to 10 mm. long, frequently re- 
curved, ferrugineous-sericeous; blades obovate-oblong to oblanceolate, the lowermost 
on the branchlets lanceolate, smaller than the succeeding ones but not broad and retuse 
as in A. sericea, 6 cm. long by 2 cm. broad, the larger 10 to 19 cm. long by 2.5 to 5.5 
cm. broad, gradually acuminate at the apex and acute or cuneate at the base, mem- 
branaceous, pellucid-punctulate, sparsely pubescent above except along the impressed 
hairy midrib, at length glabrescent, clothed beneath. with persistent chocolate-brown 
velvety pubescence except along the ferrugineous-sericeous midrib and parallel 
slightly curved lateral nerves (20 to 25 on each side); flowers normally 3-petaled; 
peduncles geminate or fascicled, extra-axillary, usually recurved, 10 to 15 mm. long, 
clothed with ferrugineous appressed hairs and with a minute broadly ovate obtuse 
bracteole near the middle and one at the base; unopened flower-buds 12 to 15 mm. 
in diameter, spheroid; calyx lobes broadly triangular, shortly and abruptly acuminate, 
clothed on the outside like the peduncle with appressed ferrugineous hairs; petals 
broadly ovate or suborbicular, obtuse (14 to 16 mm. long by 16 to 18 mm. broad), thick 
and coriaceous, clothed on the outside with fine dense velvety ferrugineous pubescence 
and on the inside with fulvous tomentulum; receptacle convex, clothed with short 
stiff fulvous hairs; stamens numerous, crowded, 1.9 to 2.4 mm. long, with a short 
broad filament and linear parallel pollen sacs surmounted by the swollen expanded 


1 DC. Reg. Veg. Syst. 1: 471. 1818. 2 See footnote 1, p. 266 above. 


268 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


connective, the latter papillose and bearing stiff erect or spreading somewhat curved 
acute hairs, abundant on the immature stamens and visible under an ordinary lens, 
at length more or less deciduous; carpels including the styles about as long as the 
stamens, club-shaped, terminating in a swollen tuberculate stigma; fruit not observed. 
(PLATE 87.) 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 703145, collected near Rockstone, 
British Guiana, April, 1899, by G. S. Jenman (no. 7546). This specimen was kindly 
sent to the U. S. Department of Agriculture by Mr. John F. Waby, acting government 
botanist at Georgetown, Demerara. 

Distreisution: British Guiana and northern Brazil. 

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: British Gurana—Near Rockstone, April, 1899, Jenman 
7546 (type). Brazil: Barra do Rio Negro [Mandos], October, 1851, R. Spruce 1868 
(in Herb. De Candolle). 

Annona jenmanit, though closely related to A. sericea, has its peduncles normally 
geminate or fascicled and is readily distinguished from the latter species by the dull 
chocolate brown, tomentose indument of the lower surface of the leaves, very much 
like that of A. paludosa, in which the midrib and lateral nerves are not conspicu- 
ous. In A. sericea the contrast of the bright reddish-sericeous midrib and nerves with 
the tomentose area between them is quite striking. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 87.—Flowering branches, showing extra-axillary, clustered flowers. Natural 
size. Figs. a, a’, carpels with hairy ovaries and club-shaped styles terminating in tuberculate stigmas; 
b, b’’, mature stamens, ventral view, with the heads of the connectives partly denuded of hair; b’, im- 
mature stamen, dorsal view, showing the two parallel pollen sacs, dehiscent along their median line, 
and the heads of the connective bearing spreading, stiff hairs. Figs. a to 6’, scale 20; after camera lucida 
drawings of the author. 


8. Annona trinitensis Safford, sp. nov. 
SILKY ANNONA OF THE ISLAND OF TRINIDAD. 


Annona sericea Sprague, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 5: 700. 1905, in part, not Dunal, 1817. 

A tree 5 or 6 meters high; branches rather slender, the younger sericeous-tomentose 
with ferrugineous hairs; petioles 4 to 10 mm. long, sericeous-tomentose; blades ovate, 
elliptical, or obovate, obtuse or shortly and rather obtusely acuminate at the apex, 
cuneate orrounded atthe base, 9.5to 15cm. long, 5.5 to6.5 cm. broad, puberulousabove 
except along the pubescent midrib, dark chestnut brown, clothed beneath with brown 
tomentulum or pubescence except along the midrib and nerves, these sericeous- 
tomentose; lateral nerves 12 to 16 on each side, slightly curved, not impressed above, 
prominent beneath; peduncle extra-axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, tomentose, at length 
glabrate, with a bracteole at or below the middle; flowers 3-petaled; calyx lobes 
broadly ovate, shortly acuminate, sericeous-tomentose on the outside, within sparsely 
sericeous at the base, elsewhere glabrate; petals ovate, obtuse, 18 to 20 mm. long, 
15 mm. broad, sericeous on the outside; filaments 0.5 mm. long; anthers 1.5 to 1.75 
mm. long; connective above the anthers broadly expanded into a head, papillose and 
bearing long hairs (Sprague); lower part of the style together with the ovary 1.25 
to 1.5 mm. long, the upper part 0.75 to 1.25 mm. long; stigma broadly and obtusely 
ovoid, 0.25 to 0.35 mm. long; fruit similar to that of a strawberry (Fragaria vesca), 2.5 
to 3.5 cm. long, about 2 cm. in diameter, warty; seeds 4.5 to 5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. 
broad. (PLATE 88.) 

Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected on the Island of Trinidad, 1877-80, by 
August Fendler (no. 205). 

DisTRIBUTION: Known only from type locality. 

The type of this species was referred by Sprague to Annona sericea Dunal of 
French Guiana. From this species, however, it is separated by its relatively 
broader and more obtuse leaves, described by Sprague as “‘breviter obtusiuscule 
acuminata” at the apex, which is not true of A. sericea Dunal, and by its fruit, de- 


PLATE 87. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. 


ee 
ay ee 
\ 
5 


Aa 
% 


ae 


. 


SON oy 


Naa SANS 
\ \ aN 
~ \ 
7 \y \ 
% . 


LZ. 
/ 
etre , 


ete gp! 


we 


a. 


a = 


SSE TAIN ee aa 

= gonna. 

‘“ NN SESSA ona. gietmenenann as: 
‘ N 


we, a we . 


~ SA Ss 


Boettcher. 


ANNONA JENMANII SAFFORD. 


Contr Nat. Herb., Vol. 16, PLATE 88. 


5 = 


ANNONA TRINITENSIS SAFFORD. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 89. 


Say 
OG Migs 
i ge 


* 
MY 


Hy 


Boettcher 


ANNONA LONGIPES SAFFORD. 


SAFFORD—-ANNONA SERICEA AND ITS ALLIES. 269 


scribed as verrucose and resembling a strawberry, instead of echinate or muricate 
like that of the true A. sericea Dunal growing in French Guiana (fig. 42). It may be 
regarded as a broad-leaved representative of A. sericea, growing on the Island of Trini- 
dad, intermediate, perhaps between A. sericea and A. jamaicensis Sprague, just as 
A. angustifolia Huber may be regarded as a narrow-leaved representative of the same 
species growing in Brazil, intermediate, perhaps, between <A. sericea and A. paludosa 
Aubl. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 88.—Branch, showing lower surface of leaves and base of old, extra-axillary 
peduncle from which flower has been broken. Photographed from type in Kew Herbarium. Natural size. 


4. Annona longipes Safford, sp. nov. 
LONG-STEMMED ANNONA OF VERACRUZ. 


A tree 10 meters high; young branches slender, clothed with dense long soft fulvous 
pubescence, at length glabrate, with cinnamon-colored or reddish brown bark bearing 
numerous white lenticels; leaves distichous; petioles 8 to 13 mm. long, densely 
clothed with long fulvous velvety pubescence; blades ovate, 9 to 14 cm. long and 
4 to 6.5 cm. broad, acute or acuminate at the apex, usually rounded at the base, 
membranaceous, pellucid-punctulate, olive green when dry, sparsely pubescent 
above except along the impressed hairy midrib, clothed beneath with sparse white 
hairs except along the fulvous or pale rufous midrib and lateral nerves (12 to 14 on 
each side), these densely hairy, somewhat prominent beneath and connected by 
oblique veins scarcely visible above; lower leaves of flowering branches smaller 
than the upper and sometimes obtuse or retuse at the apex; peduncles solitary, extra- 
axillary, very long (30 to 42 mm.), persistently slender, clothed with persistent dense 
fulvous velvety pubescence with a scale-like pubescent bracteole at the base and a 
second smaller bracteole below the middle; flowers not observed; fruit shaped like a 
strawberry, broadly conoid, rounded at the apex, 25 mm. long and 21 mm. in diam- 
eter, the surface finely ferrugineous-tomentose, without projections but covered with 
gibbous areoles corresponding to the individual carpels, the latter closely cemented 
together and terminating each in an inconspicuous appressed point; seeds asym- 
metrically obovate, often obliquely truncate at the apex and with a swollen caruncle 
at the base, light brown, smooth, 10 to 11 mm. long and 5 to 6 mm. broad, easily 
separable from the scant pulp. (PLATE 89.) 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no, 45591, collected on the slope of a hill 
near the outlet of Lake Catemaco, Canton de los Tuxtlas, southeastern Veracruz, 
Mexico, April 28, 1894, by E. W. Nelson (no. 430). 

Disrrisution: Southern Veracruz, near the coast of the Gulf of Campeachy, at an 
altitude of 300 meters. Known only from the type locality. 

Although undoubtedly related to the silky annonas, this species is separated from 
them by the dense, erect, velvety, fulvous or pale rufous pubescence of its younger 
parts, which are never appressed ferrugineous sericeous, as in A. sericea and its close 
allies. It is also set apart by its fruit, which is not echinate nor muricate, and above 
all by its long, persistently slender and velvety peduncles. 


EXPLANATION oF PLatE 89.—Drawing, by Mr. A. B. Boettcher, of fruit-bearing branch; also longi- 
tudinal section of fruit and seed. Natural size. 


5. Annona holosericea Safford, sp. nov. 
VELVETY ANNONA OF NIcoyYA. 


A small tree; ultimate branches densely fulvous-tomentose when young, at length 
glabrate, with grayish brown bark, this plicate-striate when dry and bearing very small 
inconspicuous lenticels; old leaf scars prominent, each bearing a tuft of fulvous 
tomentum; leaves distichous; petioles 4 to 5 mm. long, densely fulvous-tomentose; 
blades orbicular to obovate, rounded or cuneate at the base, the lowermost on the 


270 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


flowering branches subreniform and often retuse; upper obovate leaves (young speci- 
mens only observed) 7 cm. long and 4 cm. broad; orbicular leaves 5 or 6 cm. in diame- 
ter; lowermost emarginate leaves 3 to 4 cm. in diameter; all of them membranaceous, 
punctulate, above velvety-pubescent and at length glabrate except along the 
impressed midrib, beneath clothed with dense soft fulvous or pale rufous tomentum 
on the prominent midrib and lateral nerves (8 to 12 on each side) and with grayish or 
olivaceous tomentum between the nerves; lateral nerves of the lowermost leaves con- 
nected by veins at right-angles to them; peduncles short, solitary, 1-flowered, extra- 
axillary, 7 to 9 mm. long, densely clothed with tomentum like that of the young 
branchlets and bearing a small tomentose bracteole below the middle; sepals broadly 
ovate-triangular, 4 or 5 mm, long, obtusely acuminate, clothed on the outside with 
dense fulvous tomentum; petals 3, broadly ovate, 12 mm. long and 10 or 11 mm. 
broad, acute or obtuse, thick and leathery, clothed with short pale brown velvety 
tomentum without and within; receptacle convex, clothed with straight erect pale 
fulvous hairs between the stamens and carpels; stamens numerous, 2 to 2.5 mm. long, 
the connective expanded above the parallel linear pale yellow pollen sacs, its surface 
velvety, densely covered with short fine brown hairs; carpels 1.5 to 2 mm. long, 
entirely clothed with pale fulvous hairs and bearing broadly ovoid or spheroid stig- 
mas, these densely covered with erect pale fulvous or straw-colored hairs and resem- 
bling minute echinate burs under the lens, at the time of pollination becoming suf- 
fused with a viscous brown fluid and at length falling off; fruit not observed, but 
undoubtedly short-peduncled and velvety. (Piates 90, 91, B.) 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 592568, collected on the wooded hills 
of Nicoya, Pacific coast of Costa Rica, May, 1900, by A. Tonduz (no. 13930); 
duplicate in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. 

DisTRIBUTION: Pacific coast of Costa Rica; known only from the type locality. 

Annona holosericea is distinguished from all its congeners by its orbicular leaves 
and its velvety essential parts, of which both the connectives of the stamens and the 
outer stigmas (before becoming cemented together at the time of pollination) are con- 
spicuously hairy, as seen under the lens. The connectives differ from those of the 
stamens of A. sericea and its close allies in being covered with very many fine hairs 
instead of comparatively few coarse ones, and the stigmas resemble miniature echinate 
burs instead of being covered with rounded tubercles as in the species referred to. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES 90, 91,—PI. 90, photograph of the type specimen. Natural size. P1.91, A, pho- 
tograph of flower of Annona sericea, type collection, figured by Dunal. B, photograph of flower of 
A. holosericea, type collection. Both scale 6. 


6. Annona spraguei Safford, sp. nov. 
VELVETY ANNONA OF PANAMA. 


A tree 6 to 16 meters high; ultimate branchlets rufous-tomentose when young, soon 
becoming glabrescent, and at length glabrate, with reddish brown bark thickly dotted 
with small whitish lenticels; old leaf scars prominent, lined with dense rufous tomen- 
tum; leaves distichous; petioles (of young leaves) 7 to 9 mm. long, densely rufous- 
tomentose; blades oblong-lanceolate to obovate-oblong, 10 to 20 cm. long and 3 to 6 
cm. broad, acuminate at the apex and rounded or obtusely cuneate at the base, 
pellucid-punctulate, sparsely pubescent above with scattered grayish hairs, densely 
and softly sericeous-pubescent beneath with appressed grayish olivaceous hairs except 
along the rufous-tomentose midrib and lateral nerves; lateral nerves 20 to 26 on each 
side, prominent beneath; blades of the lowermost leaves on the flowering branches 
rounded or retuse at the apex, cuneate at the base, much smaller than the rest, some- 
times obcordate; flowers 3-petaled, large, yellow, subglobose in bud; peduncles 
solitary, extra-axillary, usually issuing from a point near the base of a young branchlet, 
9 to 14 mm. long, ferrugineous-tomentose, with a small ovate bracteole above the 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLaTe 90. 


ANNONA HOLOSERICEA SAFFORD. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Voi. 16. PLATE 91. 


A. ANNONA SERICEA DUNAL. 


B. ANNONA HOLOSERICEA SAFFORD. 


PLATE 92, 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. 


ANNONA SPRAGUE! SAFFORD. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLaTe 93. 


ANNONA SPRAGUE! SAFFORD. 


SAFFORD—ANNONA SERICEA AND ITS ALLIES. 971 


middle; sepals ovate-acuminate, 8 to 10 mm. long, 6 mm. broad at the base, clothed 
on the outside with ferrugineous tomentum like that of the petiole, within glabrous 
at the base, elsewhere shortly appressed-pubescent; petals suborbicular, obtusely 
apiculate, thick and leathery, concave, 18 to 23 mm. long and 17 to 19 mm. broad, 
clothed on the outside with short dense velvety fulvous puberulence and on the 
inside with fine tomentulum, olive yellow with a broad dark brown spot covering the 
lower half; receptacle convex, clothed with very short straight fine whitish hairs; 
stamens numerous, crowded, 3.3 to 3.8 mm. long, with a very short flat filament and 
parallel linear pollen sacs 2 to 2.7 mm. long; connective expanded above the pollen 
sacs into a yellow head, this minutely muriculate with glossy points; gyncecium 7 to 9 
mm. in diameter, composed of crowded carpels about 4 mm. long, united into a solid 
mass, the ovaries about equal to the styles in length, clothed with whitish sericeous 
hairs, the pale yellow styles more or less prismatic, termi- 
nating in a rounded stigmatic head, the whole surface 
minutely velvety as seen under the microscope; fruit 
spheroid, 5 cm. in diameter, the component carpels pro- 
duced into long-attenuate fleshy claw-like protuberances, 
the surface velvety and each with a median longitudinal 
groove on the side remote from the peduncle; seeds 
oblong, 7 to 9 mm. long by 4 to 5 mm. broad, dull brown, 
witha caruncle at the base. (PiaTes 92,93. Fieur# 43.) - 

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 716048, col- 
lected at Gamboa, Canal Zone, Isthmus of Panama, April 
9, 1911, by H. Pittier (no. 3409). ‘‘A tree 5-6 meters high, 
leaves soft, tomentose; petals thick.” 

DistripuTion: Isthmus of Panama, Canal Zone to Rio 
Tuyra, Darien. 

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CANAL ZONE—Gamboa, near 
Matachin, type collection, flowers and leaves. DartEN— 
Marraganti and vicinity, Rio Tuyra, 10.to 200 feet eleva- 
tion, R. S. Williams, April, 1908, flowers, fruit and leaves, 
‘A tree 50 feet high, with a trunk 14 inches in diameter.” 

To this species should probably be referred Sutton 
Hayes’s no. 127, collected at Obispo Falls, near Barbacoas, 
Isthmus of Panama, cited by Hemsley as ‘‘Anona sp. 
(?.Anonae sericeae, var. foliis pedalibus),”’* and described 
by T. A. Sprague under the name Anona uncinata.? The 
latter name is unavailable, having been previously used 
by Lamarck.* If Hayes’s plant, which I have not had 
the opportunity of comparing with the material upon 
which the present species is based, proves to be identical] Fic. 43.—Leaf and fruit of 
with the latter, it must assume the new specific name. 4””onaspraguei. Scale}. 
The leaves of Hayes’s plant are considerably larger than those of the material exam- 
ined, and a photograph of the fruit in the Kew Herbarium shows it to differ from that 
of Williams’s specimen in the New York Botanical Garden in being ovoid-globose 
instead of spheroid and in having the claw-like tips of the carpels directed toward the 
peduncle instead of away from it, as in the latter (fig. 43). 

Annona spraguei is named in honor of Mr. Thomas Archibald Sprague, of the Royal 
Botanic Gardens, Kew, by whom Dr. Hayes’s plant was described, as a tribute to 
his valuable work in botanical taxonomy. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES 92, 93.—P1. 92, photograph of a flower of the type collection, preserved in 
alcohol, with two petals removed, so as to show the essential parts, and also of the gynoscium of another 
flower showing the consolidated mass of carpels with the sericeous-hairy ovaries surmounted by the prism- 
shaped styles terminating in swollen stigmas. Scale 5. Pl. 93, photograph of the type in the United 
States National Herbarium. Natural size. 


1 Biol. Centr, Amer. Bot. 1: 19. 2 Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 5: 701. 1905. 
3 Lam. Encycl. 2: 127. 1786. 


272 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


7. Annona cercocarpa Safford, sp. nov. 
ANONCILLO OF THE MaGpALENA RIVER. 


Anona echinata? Triana & Planch. Prodr. Fl. Novogran. 28. 1862, not A. echinata 
Dunal, 1817. 

Branchlets at first ferrugineous-pubescent, soon becoming glabrate, dark reddish 
brown to black, set with whitish lenticels; petioles 4 to 5 mm. long, broadly channeled 
above, at first appressed-pubescent, at length glabrate; blades membranaceous, punc- 
tulate, those on the upper part of the flowering branches ovate to obovate-oblong, acute 
or acuminate at the apex and rounded or cuneate at the base, 9 to 9.5 cm, long and 

3.5 to 3.9 cm. broad, with 10 

to 12 secondary nerves on 

each side the midrib; lower 

leaves shorter and broader, 

6.7 cm. long and 4.2 ecm. 

broad, with 9 to 11 lateral 
nerves on each side; lower- 
most leaves smallest, broadly 
cordate, 2.4 cm. long and 2.3 
cm. broad; all of them at 
— first pubescent above, dense- 
i ly so along the impressed 
midrib and lateral nerves, at 


length glabrate; beneath con- 

(, ers not observed; calyx lobes 

broadly triangular, acute; car- 

/\’ pels numerous; fruit spher- 

pilose, terminating each in 

Fic. 44.—Leafy twig and fruit of Annona cercocarpa, the fruit a slender appressed-hirsute 

somewhat enlarged. a, Tail-like tip of carpel; , seeds. a, Scale 5; more or less curled tail; seeds 
and a conspicuous caruncle at the base. (Pate 94. FIGURE 44.) 

Type in the Kew Herbarium (from Herbarium Hookerianum, 1867), collected at 

San Pablo on the Magdalena River, Province of Mompox, New Grenada [Colombia], 


spicuously veined, with the 

veins at right angles to the 

secondary nerves, these to- 

; gether with the midrib 

clothed with short pale ru- 

fous pubescence, the re- 

mainder of the blade be- 

oid, about 28 mm. in diame- 

>, slightly enlarged. obovate or obpyramidal, 5 to 
1851-1857, by J. Triana; duplicate in De Candolle Herbarium. 


‘ { | “a neath sparsely rufous-pubes- 

r cent; peduncles solitary, ex- 

tra-axillary, 17 mm. long in 

\ fruit, at length glabrate; flow- 

ter, the component carpels 

7mm. long by 4 mm. broad, somewhat compressed, with a smooth hard brown testa 
DistRiBuTION: Known only from type locality. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 94.—Photograph of type specimen. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 94, 


ANNONA CERCOCARPA SAFFORD. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16, PLATE 95. 


ANNONA ECHINATA DUNAL. 


PLATE 96. 


Contr. Nat. Herb.. Vol, 16. 


ANNONA ECHINATA DUNAL. 


SAFFORD—ANNONA SERICEA AND ITS ALLIES. . 273 


8. Annona echinata Dunal. 
PRICKLY ANNONA OF FRENCH GUIANA. 


Anona echinata Dunal, Monogr. Anon. 68. pl. 4. 1817. 

Branches divaricate, clothed when young with ferrugineous hairs, at length glabrate, 
blackish, rugose, and bearing many lenticels; petioles 5 mm. long, deeply grooved 
above, at first minutely appressed-pubescent, at length glabrescent; blades membra- 
naceous or subcoriaceous, thicker than those of A. sericea, pellucid-punctate, those 
on the upper parts of the flowering branches ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, some- 
what acute or obtusely acuminate at the apex, rounded or cuneate at the base, gla- 
brous above, the midrib impressed and bordered on each side with numerous very 
short raised veins at right angles to it, the secondary nerves (8 to 10 on each side) 
sharply defined, connected by reticulating veins; beneath clothed with fine short 
dull grayish ferrugineous pubescence or tomentulum and reticulated between the 
prominent midrib and secondary nerves; lowermost leaves on flowering branches 
smaller and relatively broader, sometimes obtuse or retuse at the apex as in many 
other species of the genus; peduncle solitary, 1-flowered, 11 mm. long (in the type 
specimen), extra-axillary, issuing from the base of a new branchlet and apparently 
terminal on account of the abortion of the portion of the branchlet beyond it (as in 
many other Annonaceae), ferrugineous-tomentose or hirtellous and bearing a small 
tomentose bracteole below the middle; flowers similar in size and shape to those of 
A. sericea, spheroid in bud, normally 3-petaled, but sometimes in the rainy season 
(according to Sagot) with 3 additional inner petals alternating with the outer and 
closing the seams between them; calyx 3-lobed, 5 mm. in diameter, the divisions 
broadly triangular and obtuse, clothed on the outside like the peduncle with ferru- 
gineous hairs; petals broadly ovate or suborbicular, obtuse, thick, coriaceous, con- 
cave, 11 mm. long and 10 mm. broad (in type flower), clothed on the outside with 
minute ferrugineous pubescence; stamens numerous 2 to 2.5 mm. long, with a short 
broad filament, linear pollen sacs, and a connective expanded into a swollen head, 
this minutely papillose or muriculate but devoid of hairs; carpels numerous, united 
in a conoid gyncecium, the ovaries clothed with appressed ferrugineous hairs; fruit 
ovoid, small, 24 mm. long by 17 mm. broad (fruit of type possibly immature), bearing 
numerous recurved protuberances corresponding to the individual carpels, the sur- 
face clothed with fine appressed ferrugineous pubescence; seeds oblong, 6 mm. long 
and 3 mm. broad; peduncle at length thickened and woody, sometimes apparently 
terminal from the abortion of the portion of the branch beyond it. (Piates 95, 96.) 

Type in the Prodromus Herbarium of De Candolle at Geneva (ex Herb. Lhéritier), 
collected about 1795 at “‘Cayenne”’ (French Guiana) by J. B. Patris. 

Disrripution: Guiana and probably Brazil. 

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: FrENcH Gu1ana—‘‘Cayenne,” Patris, type collection, 
leaf, stamens, and tip of carpel; Mana, Sagot 6, leaf and stamens, from Kew Herbarium. 

This species is undoubtedly closely related to A. sericea Dunal, but differs conspicu- 
ously from that species in the character of the indument of the leaves and the absence 
of hairs on the swollen terminal head of the connective of the stamens. Its ovoid, 
echinate fruits resemble miniature soursops (A. muricata L.). The recurved carpel 
tips are somewhat like those of A. cercocarpa described above, but differ from them in 
their less length and in their much finer, appressed pubescence, the carpels of A. 
cercocarpa being prolonged into tail-like appendages covered with relatively coarse, 
strigose hairs (fig.44). The present species is also sharply distinct from the preceding 
in the shape and texture of its leaves, as indicated by the accompanying illustrations. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 95, 96.—PI1. 95, photograph of type specimen in De Candolle Prodromus Her- 
barium, Natural size. Pl. 96, drawing from type material, that of fruit reproduced from original plate; 


a, petal; b, stamen; c, cross section of fruit; d, tip of mature carpel; ¢, immature carpel bearing style. 
Figs. a andc, natural size; b and e, scale 20; d, scale 8. 


85668°—voL 16, pr 10—13 2 


274 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


9. Annona acuminata Safford, sp. Nov. 
SMALLER WILD ANNONA OF PANAMA. 


Anona echinata Hemsl. Biol. Centr, Amer. Bot. 1: 19. 1879, not Dunal, 1817. 

A small tree 5 to 7 meters high with slender branches roughened by thickly crowded 
prominent reddish brown lenticels; very young branchlets clothed with minute 
appressed ferrugineous hairs scarcely visible even with the aid of a lens, very soon 
glabrate; leaves small, thin, membranaceous, glabrate, pellucid-punctulate (those of 
flowering branches only observed), 6.5 to 8 cm. long and 1.8 to 2.2 cm. broad, lanceolate 
or oblong-elliptical, gradually acuminate at the apex, the tip usually rounded, acute 
at the base, the blade decurrent on the short thick channeled petiole (1.5 to 3 
mm. long), often conduplicate or revolute; midrib impressed above, prominent 
beneath, ferrugineous or cinnamon brown, and bearing minute scattered appressed 
hairs when young, but at length glabrous or nearly so; lateral nerves 10 to 12 on each 
side, not impressed above, distinct beneath and colored like the midrib, glabrous, 
dichotomously branching and anastomosing before reaching the margin; peduncles 
solitary, 1-flowered, extra-axillary, sometimes nearly opposite a leaf, at first minutely 
appressed -pilose, at length glabrate, 12 to 16 mm. long, remarkable in comparison with 
closely related species for two linear-lanceolate acuminate bracteoles 2 to 4 mm. long, 
one situated at the base and one at or a little above the middle; flower subglobose in 
bud, about 15 mm. in diameter: calyx gamosepalous, subtriangular, with three slender 
acuminate points projecting from the broad base, appressed-pilose on the outside 
and with a fringe of stiff rufous hairs within at the base of the receptacle; receptacle 
convex, clothed with pale yellow hairs between the bases of the stamens; stamens 
numerous, 2.5 mm. long, the connective expanded into a broad flat hood above the 
pollen sacs, its surface muriculate with short stiff points but without hairs; pollen 
bright orange yellow, in two vertical columns of tetrads; carpels numerous, the 
minutely hirtellous ovaries united into a disk-like mass and bearing club-shaped, 
easily detached styles 1.5 mm. long; fruit not observed. (PuaTE 97 ) 

Type in the Kew Herbarium (from Herbarium Hookerianum, 1867), collected at 
the Bojfo Station, Panama Railroad, Isthmus of Panama, J une, 1861, by Sutton Hayes 
(no. 142). ‘A small tree, 15 to 20 feet high.”’ 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 97.—Main figure, drawing of type by A. B. Boettcher. Natural size. Fig. a, 
flower, showing long peduncle with acuminate bracteoles; b, receptacle, bearing a few stamens and the 
mass of ovaries denuded of their styles; c, carpels, composed of short hairy ovaries surmounted by club- 
shaped styles; d, stamens, showing linear pollen sacs, one of which has opened, displaying the pollen 


grains in tetrads, and the expanded, mutriculate connective heads. a, Natural size; b, scale about 2; 
¢, scale about 10; d, scale 16. 


10. Annona jamaicensis Sprague. 
WILD ANNONA OF JAMAICA. 


Anona jamaicensis Sprague, Bull. Herb. Boiss, II. 5: 701. 1905. 

Anona sericea Griseb. F1. Brit. W. Ind. 5. 1864, not Dunal, 1817. 

A slender tree 3 to 9 meters high; young branchlets ferrugineous-pubescent, soon 
glabrescent; branches grayish brown or reddish brown, bearing many inconspicuous 
brownish lenticels; old leaf scars prominent, lined with ferrugineous tomentum; 
petioles 7 to 18 mm. long, channeled above, finely appressed-pubescent at first, at 
length glabrescent; blades ovate or obovate to obovate-oblong, shortly and obtusely 
acuminate at the apex and rounded or obtusely cuneate at the base, 10 to 20 cm. 
long, 4.5 to 8.5 cm. broad (those near the base of young branches often considerably 
smaller), glabrous above, finely appressed-pubescent beneath, at length sparsely so 
except along the ferrugineous midrib and lateral nerves; midrib impressed above, 
prominent beneath; lateral nerves slightly curved, 11 to 18 on each side the midrib, 


PLATE 97. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. 


ANNONA ACUMINATA SAFFORD. 


Contr, Nat. Herb., Vo PLATE 98, 


ANNONA JAMAICENSIS SPRAGUE. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol, 16, PLATE 99, 


n Boettcher del. 


ANNONA JAMAICENSIS SPRAGUE, 


SAFFORD—ANNONA SERICEA AND ITS ALLIES. 275 


not impressed above, prominent and sharply defined beneath; peduncle 8 to 12 mm. 
long, ferrugineous-tomentose, with a small tomentose bracteole near the middle; 
flowers ovoid to oblong in bud, 3-petaled; calyx 3-parted, the lobes broadly ovate, 
obtuse or obtusely acuminate, 3 mm. long and 3 mm. broad at the base, clothed on 
the outside with ferrugineous tomentum like that of the peduncle; petals ovate to 
oblong, obtuse, 11 to 20 mm. long and 6 to 8 mm. broad, thick and leathery, clothed 
on the outside with fine ferrugineous velvety tomentum, lined within except near 
the reddish brown base with fine grayish tomentulum; stamens numerous, 1.6 to 2 
mm. long, the connective somewhat broader than the lobes of the whitish pollen 
sacs, minutely papillose (under the microscope); carpels numerous, closely crowded 
in a conoid gyneecium, the styles together with the ovaries about 1.25 mm. long, the 
latter clothed with ferrugineous sericeous hairs; stigmas compressed-ovoid, 0.5 mm. 
long, cemented together at the time of pollination by a reddish brown viscous fluid; 
fruit globose or somewhat oblate, more or less umbilicate at the base, 4 to 6 cm. in 
diameter, clothed with grayish brown pubescence, with the carpels produced into 
tubercles usually hooked or incurved at the tips; seeds 12 to 16 mm. long, 6 to 10 mm. 
broad, obovate, somewhat compressed, reddish brown or tan-colored, with a smooth 
thin testa more or less wrinkled by the inclosed ruminate albumen. (PLATEs 98, 99.) 

Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected near Bath, eastern Jamaica, by William 
Purdie, 1844, Cotypes, without definite locality, collected by March (nos. 4, 7, 1571) 
and Alexander Prior (also cited by Grisebach under ‘‘A. sericea”). 

Distrrsution: Known only from the island of Jamaica. 

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: JAMAIcCA—Without definite locality, 1849-50, Alexander 
Prior, in Gray Herbarium (with ovoid flower bud); roadside near Hampton, Santa 
Cruz Mountains, alt. 700 meters, September 4, 5, 1907, N. L. Britton 1196, in herb. 
New York Botanical Garden (with almost mature fruit); Sheldon Road, St. Andrew, 
alt. 750 meters, September 10, 1897, William Harris, 6861, in U. 8. National Herba- 
rium (with fully developed flower and fruit). 

Annona jamaicensis has been known hitherto from specimens in which the flowers 
were evidently immature. The petals were described by Sprague as ovate, obtuse, 
11 to 12 mm. long and 8 mm. broad. The accompanying drawing (pl. 99) shows 
them to be longer and relatively narrower when fully developed, approaching the 
shape of the petals of A. cherimola and its allies, but distinguished from them in not 
being triquetrous or keeled on the inner face. Moreover, the connective of the sta- 
mens is not so much swollen as in the section to which those species belong; and 
the incurved tips of the mature carpels serve also to prevent the confusion of this 
species with A. cherimola Mill., which is sometimes cultivated in the mountains of 
Jamaica. The flower buds somewhat resemble those of A. sericea when immature, 
but the indument of the petals in the present species is more velvety and of a more 
reddish color, while the stamens never bear hairs on the connective terminal. In 
addition to these points of difference the leaves are relatively broader and are never 
clothed with the dark red, soft, velvety lining of the leaves of A. sericea and its 
close allies. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 98, 99.—P1. 98, photograph of Alexander Prior’s specimen in the Gray Herba- 
rium (cotype collection), with immature, ovoid, unopened flower bud. Pl. 99, main figure, drawing of 
specimen in the U. 8. National Herbarium (from herb. Public Garden, Jamaica), by A. B. Boettcher, 


showing leaves, flower, and fruit. Natural size. Fig. a, stamens; }, flower with petals and some of the 
stamens removed; c, seeds. Fig. a, scale 12; b, scale nearly 3; c, natural size. 


NOMENCLATURE OF THE SAPOTE AND THE SAPODILLA. 


By O. F. Coox. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The botanical investigation of tropical trees, notwithstanding their 
economic importance, has been greatly neglected. This is shown 
by the lack of any general agreement among botanists regarding the 
names of some of the most familiar species. In the case of the sapote 
the nomenclatorial complications are so numerous and intricate as to 
become almost interesting, and they may be useful as examples of 
some of the taxonomic problems that still remain to be solved. 

Though the method of types is now widely recognized, especially 
in the United States, as necessary to secure stability in the applica- 
tion of names, many of the consequences of its adoption have yet to 
be worked out. Indeed, it is evident from the codes of nomenclature 
proposed in recent years that our European contemporaries have 
continued to overlook the necessity of dealing with genera on the 
basis of types. 

The Vienna code of 1905 has a curious provision regarding the 
subdivision of a genus, namely, that when ‘‘one of the parts de- 
tached contains a great many more species than the others, the name 
_ is reserved for that part of it.” The framing of such a rule makes it 
evident that the idea of a generic name being permanently associated 
with a type species had not yet dawned. The regulations adopted 
by the Brussels congress of 1910, in seeking to establish lists of 
nomina conservanda and to set many different dates for beginning 
the nomenclature of the various groups of plants, would also intro- 
duce endless complications into the work of placing taxonomy on a 
basis of types. Restricting dates of publication does not simplify 
the problems of generic nomenclature unless there is also to be a con- 
sistent method of fixing the application of the accepted names. 


1 The Method of Types in Botanical Nomenclature. Science n. ser. 12: 475. 1900. 
Typesand Synonyms. Science n. ser. 15: 382.1902. Types of Pre-Linnszean Genera. 
Science n. ser. 1'7: 350. 1903. The Nomenclature of the Royal Palms. Bull. Torrey 
Club 31: 349.1904. An American Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Bull. Torrey 
Club 34: 167. 1907. 

277 


278 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


Generic names must have definite relations to plants, as well as 
specific names. Uniformity in the application of names is one of the 
prime essentials of stability, and the use of types is the only method 
thus far suggested for supplying this deficiency in our taxonomic 
laws. Nomenclatorial legislation that fails to consider types can 
have little hope of permanence. 


CONFUSION OF VERNACULAR NAMES. 


In some cases where the scientific names of tropical economic 
plants have fallen into confusion, resort can be had to the vernacular 
names, which often have very definite applications, but with the 
sapotes there is no hope in this quarter. The word “‘sapodilla” has 
only a limited use, even in the West Indies, and is scarcely known 
on the Continent. There it is the chicle tree that is usually called 
“‘sapote,” while the tree with larger fruits is distinguished as ‘‘sapote 
grande” or ‘‘mammee sapota.”’ But ‘‘mammee” is also the name of 
another tropical fruit belonging to a different family, though often 
confused with the sapotes. Thus there is special need of scientific 
names with definite applications. The only reason for adopting 
‘“‘sapote” as the English name of the larger fruit is that the name 
“‘sapodilla,” for the smaller fruit, has already found lodgment in our 
English dictionaries. 

In addition to serving as the common name for two important 
fruit trees, the word ‘‘sapote”’ is also used, with a qualifier, for many 
other fruits, some of them belonging to distinct families, just as we 
say ‘‘thorn apple,” ‘‘May apple,” ‘‘rose apple,” or ‘‘custard apple.” 
Sapote is supposed to have been derived from ‘‘tzapotl,” the Aztec 
generic name for all of the soft, sweet fruits. The Spanish name 
“‘sapote chico” is also thought to mean ‘‘sapote chicle,”’ or ‘‘sapote 
with the chicle gum,” instead of signifying ‘‘small sapote.”’ 


ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES. 


In spite of bearing the same name, the “sapote grande” and the 
“sapote chico” are essentially different and would never be confused 
by natives or residents in the tropics who have first-hand familiarity 
with both trees. One of the most obvious differences is in the fruit 
itself, which in the sapodilla has a grayish or brownish, granular flesh 
like a pear, while in the sapote the fruit has a yellow flesh and a firmer 
and more uniform texture, not crisp like the flesh of an apple, but 
more like that of a cooked carrot or squash. The trees are strikingly 
different, the sapote with an open crown of large, lanceolate, coarsely- 
veined, deciduous leaves and the sapodilla with a dense covering of 
smooth, delicately-veined, laurel-like, evergreen foliage. The tri- 
angular-fusiform seeds of the sapote are very large and thick and have 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 100 


SAPOTA, 


Le iifdem prorfus charaéteribus infigniatur hujufce plan- za6.4 
tx genus 5 ac plantx fuperioris ; 5 quia tamen tota facie, com- 
muni omnium Americanorum confenfu & ufu, florum , fruc« 
tuumgque natura ab ipfa omnino differat , ut facile ipfam in 
America confideranti patebit , ideo hujus genus peculiare infti- 
tuendum cenfui. Eft igicur Sapota plantx genus fore rafacco A, 
plurimis fcilicet petalis B in orbem pofitis , conftante ; ¢ cujus 
calyce C furgit piftillum D, quod deinde abic in‘fructum FE fe- 
re curbinatum » aut ovatum , mollem, carnofum ,in quo nidu- 


latur F unum, aut duo femina fubrotunda G, compreffa, poli- 
ta & roftrata. 


Sapotx fpecies funt. 
Sapota frudtu turbinato, minori. 
Sapota fructu ovato, majort. 
Sapota nomen eft Americanum vulgare. 


43 Sapota 5 4 | 


Al 
we ~ 


PLUMIER’S DESCRIPTION AND FIGURES OF SAPOTA. 


COOK—-NOMENCLATURE OF SAPOTE AND SAPODILLA, 279 


the whole inner face covered by an enormous hilum. The seeds of 
the sapodilla are many times smaller, strongly compressed, and with a 
relatively short, narrow hilum. These differences are really more 
significant than those that are usually enumerated as botanical char- 
acters, such as the greater number of carpels in the sapodilla and the 
more numerous sepals in the sapote. Such characters are subject 
to much variation in this group of plants. 

The sapodilla tree not only produces a delicious fruit (now being 
grown in Florida) and a valuable wood, but is the source of chicle 
gum, which has become an important article of commerce. The 
sapote is of no commercial importance, though the fruit is used exten- 
sively for food by the native populations of Central American regions 
and the West Indies. The sapote ascends into the plateau regions 
of Central America, while the sapodilla is largely confined to regions 
of low elevation. 


PLUMIER’S ACCOUNT OF THE SAPODILLA. 


The taxonomic complications in this group began with Plumier, 
the first botanist to attempt a formal generic description of either of 
the fruits in question. Plumier used the word “sapote” in its 
_ latinized form ‘“‘Sapota” as a generic name for the sapodilla and not 
for what we now call the “sapote.” As that author traveled widely 
in the West Indies it may be argued that he must have known both 
fruits, but whether so or not there at least is nothing to show that he 
had anything but the sapodilla in mind in preparing the description 
and figures on which his genus was based. (PI. 100.) 

The seed and fruit represented in Plumier’s plate are unmistakably 
those of the sapodilla. The calyx is shown with only 5 or 6 divisions, 
not 10 or 12 as in the sapote. The seed is of the proper size and 
shape, with a curved spine near the middle and with a narrow bidentate 
base. The fruit is a symmetrical rounded oval, as in many sapo- 
dillas, instead of being unsymmetrical and somewhat pointed at the 
end as in the true sapotes. Though not closely approaching the form 
of the sapote, the different kinds of sapodilla show a wide variation. 
Some are even narrower and more elliptical than in Plumier’s figure, 
while others are broadly rounded or flattened. (Pl. 101.) 

The most misleading feature in Plumier’s plate is the indication 
of 5 dissepiments in the fruit, for there are 10 or 12 carpels in the 
sapodilla; but, on the other hand, only a few of the divisions remain 
conspicuous, that is, those that contain partially developed seeds. 
Moreover, no such obvious radiating figure appears in the ripe 
fruit of the sapote, where the enormous size of the seeds results in 
much more extensive distortion. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 100.—Reproduction of plate 4 of Plumier’s Nova Plantarum Americanarum 
Genera with text (p. 43). Figures original size. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 101.—Three forms of sapodilla fruit found together in the market of Guatemai 
City, April, 1902. Natural size. 


95623°—13——2 


280 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


ACHRAS SUBSTITUTED FOR SAPOTA. 


The Linnwan genus Achras was based directly on Plumier’s plate of 
Sapota, which is the sole reference in all the editions of the Genera 
Plantarum. In the first edition of the Species Plantarum, Achras 
is represented by a single species, Achras zapota, and the first refer- 
ence under this is to Plumier’s mention of the ovate-fruited form of 
Sapota, the form shown in the plate. Thus both the genus Achras 
and its type species, Achras zapota, are definitely established on Plu- 
mier’s description and figures of the sapodilla. This feature of the 
case seems to have escaped the attention of Radlkofer and others 
who have dealt with the taxonomy of the Sapotaceae. 

The same specific name, though with a different initial letter, was 
applied to the sapote in 1760 by Jacquin! under the genus Sider- 
oxylum. The accompanying descriptive phrase, ‘‘Siderorylum 
inerme; calycibus decaphyllis,”” undoubtedly alludes to the compound 
calyx or involucre, which is stili used by botanists as a distinctive 
generic character of the sapote. Yet it can not be claimed that 
Jacquin had at that time any intention of separating the sapote from 
the sapodilla, for the latter tree is not listed in the Enumeratio. The 
only citation given by Jacquin under his Siderorylum sapota is of 
Sloane’s plate of ‘‘The Mammee Sapota tree” of Jamaica. Jacquin 
may have borrowed his specific name from the first edition of the 
Species Plantarum, where Sloane was cited, as well as Plumier. 


CONFUSION OF SPECIES BY LINNZAUS. 


When the second edition of the Species Plantarum was prepared, 
Linneus had become aware of the existence of more than one kind 
of sapote in the West Indies and undertook to distinguish between 
them in the works of his predecessors. The sapote received a new 
specific name, Achras mammosa, for Jacquin’s Stderorylum sapota, 
if not already a synonym of the Linnean Achras zapota, would have 
become a homonym if transferred to the genus Achras. References 
to Jacquin’s species and to Sloane’s plate were the real basis of the 
new Linnean species, but a reference to Plumier was also included, 
and this has been the occasion of much confusion. 

Plumier had mentioned two forms of fruit, one turbinate and the 
other ovate, under his genus Sapota, and Linneus, assuming that these 
were the two fruits that were to be assigned to different species, took 
Plumier’s ovate fruit to be the same as Sloane’s ‘‘mammee sapota.” 
As a result of this mistake the same reference to Plumier’s ovate 
sapodilla that had been given under Achras zapota in the first edition 
of the Species Plantarum was transferred in the second edition to the 
new species, Achras mammosa, while Plumier’s reference to the 


1 Enum. Pl. Carib. 15. 


Contr, Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLaTe 101. 


THREE FORMS OF SAPODILLA FRUITS. 


COOK—NOMENCLATURE OF SAPOTE AND SAPODILLA. 281 


turbinate form of the sapodilla was cited under what was now called 
Achras sapota, the initial letter of the specific name being changed 
from the zapota of the first edition. 

From the standpoint of that time this was a natural attempt on 
the part of Linneus to improve the form and limit the application of 
his name Achras zapota of the first edition, while establishing a new 
species for the sapote, but we no longer admit the right to alter a 
name or change its original application. 


ADJUSTMENT OF LINNAAN NAMES. 


As Plumier’s drawing shows an ovate sapodilla fruit, this must be 
considered as the type of the genus Achras, and of the species Achras 
zapota, as established in the first edition of the species Plantarum. 
If Linnzeus had been correct in placing Plumier’s ovate (sapodilla) 
fruit with Achras mammosa, he would have been incorrect in apply- 
ing a new name to this species, for it was the ovate sapodilla that 
had already received the name Achras zapota in his first edition. 
Thus, if the treatment of the second edition were taken at its face 
value, Achras zapota would be the name of the sapote, Achras mam- 
mosa would be a synonym, the sapodilla would be left without a 
Linnean name, and the question of finding a post-Linnean substi- 
tute would arise. But if, as seems certain, Linneus was mistaken 
in supposing that Plumier’s ovate fruit was a sapote, there is no 
occasion for following this line of reasoning any further. We have 
only to reject the reference to Plumier under Achras mammosa as a 
piece of erroneous synonymy. The exclusion of the reference is also 
justified by the fact that Linneus gives a specific description of 
Achras mammosa which mentions the cunciform-lanceolate leaves of 
the true sapote, in contrast with ovate-oblong leaves ascribed to the 
sapodilla. With the misplaced reference to Plumier excluded, the 
name mammosa can be supported by the references to Jacquin and 
Sloane, and remains available as a specific designation for the sapote. 


TWO VARIETIES OF SAPODILLA NAMED BY JACQUIN. 


In a later work! Jacquin recognized the fact that the two forms 
mentioned by Plumier were varieties of the same species and avoided 
the mistake made by Linneus in associating Plumier’s ovate fruit 
with the sapote. For the ovate-fruited form Jacquin adopted the 
correct Linnean name Achras zapota and gave the subspecific name 
zapotilla to include the form with the broader, turbinate fruit. The 
sapote, though treated as a distinct species, was not designated by a 
binomial name, but was called Achras zapota major. 


1 Stirp. Amer. 56. 1763. 


282 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


The name zapotilla has been given specific rank by Coville and 
may come into use when a classification of the many different forms 
of the sapodilla is attempted. Though a reference to Plumier’s 
small, turbinate fruit is included by Jacquin under the subspecies 
zapotilla, it is preceded by references to varieties described from 
Jamaica by Brown and Sloane, in the latter case to Sloane’s plate 
no. 230. This shows a variety with rather small, round fruits, which 
may be taken to represent the type of the species or subspecies 2apo- 
tilla. Sloane’s account, published in 1725, indicates that the tree 
had been introduced into Jamaica rather recently from the region of 
Campeche. 


THE NAME SAPOTA NOT TO BE REVIVED. 


These complications regarding the sapote do not affect the sapo- 
dilla, which remains in undisputed possession of the generic name 
Achras, with Achras zapota as the specific designation and Sapota 
of Plumier as a generic synonym. Later use of Plumier’s name 
Sapota, as in Miller's Gardener’s Dictionary, does not suffice to re- 
establish it as a valid generic name for either the sapote or the sapo- 
dilla. As Achras represented a direct substitution of a name without 
change of generic content, the only way to restore Sapota would be 
to return directly to Plumier’s name. Some writers would take this 
course and deny the right of Linnzus to transfer the Greek name of 
the wild pear tree to a tropical genus. 

Though such a policy would not be approved at present, a future 
revival of interest in Greek civilization might easily lead to a restora- 
tion of the ancient plant names to their proper uses. In any event 
we should be taking entirely unwarranted liberties in transferring 
Plumier’s name from the sapodilla to the sapote. To do this it 
would have to be argued that Miller’s use of the name Sapota served 
to reestablish it under the binomial system, and then the principle 
of elimination would need to be invoked as a reason for applying the 
name to a different genus, because Miller included the sapote with 
the sapodilla. This method of selecting generic types by elimina- 
tion, though sometimes defended by zoologists, is very poorly adapted 
to botanical purposes. 

Pre-Linnwan botany reached a much higher development than pre- 
Linnean zoology and can not be wholly disregarded in the later 
development of the science. Nevertheless, some of the older names 
were discarded in the reform of botanical nomenclature by Linneus, 
and these names are not available for further use. Unless the names 
that Linneus rejected are to be allowed to rest in oblivion there is 
no good reason for following the proposals of Linneus. Certainly 


1 Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 9: 369. 1905. 


COOK—NOMENCLATURE OF SAPOTE AND SAPODILLA. 283 


nothing is gained by admitting Achras and other Linnean substitutes 
for pre-Linnean names like Sapota and then allowing these same 
pre-Linnean names to be brought back into the system because they 
happened to be misapplied by some of the early post-Linnean 
writers. 

If the Linnezan genus Achras had not been based on the same 
type, the placing of Plumier’s name Sapota as a synonym would not 
stand in the way of restoration by a later author who used it in the 
original application, but it is certainly not in the interest of nomen- 
clatorial stability to revive discarded pre-Linnzan names that have 
been replaced by direct substitutes, as in the case of Sapota and 
Achras. It is a rule of botanical nomenclature that the substitution 
of a new name does not alter the type of a genus. Still less should 
the type be changed by the casual use of a name for species not con- 
generic with the original type. Pre-Linnzan genera used~by post- 
Linnean authors should not be treated as having been adopted under 
the binomial system unless the pre-Linnzan type was included. Ap- 
plication of this rule to the present case requires us to seek a post- 
Linnean generic name for the sapote. 


LUCUMA AND VITELLARIA NOT APPLICABLE TO THE SAPOTE. 


The name usually given to the sapote in post-Linnzan literature is 
Incuma mammosa, but this generic assignment seems not to be cor- 
rect. The genus Lucuma was established by Molina in 1782 on a 
Chilian tree not closely related to the sapote, and the tendency of 
recent writers has been in the direction of separating the sapote from 
Lucuma. Radlkofer, Pierre, Engler, and Urban are in agreement 
in this respect, though differing in their applications of generic names. 
Radlkofer proposed to revive the name of Gaertner’s problematical 
genus Vitellaria and apply it to the sapote, but other writers have 
not followed this suggestion. As long as the type of Vitellaria remains 
unidentified the application of the name can not be determined. 
Many other genera have been segregated from Lucuma or are treated 
as synonyms, but none of them appears to have been based on the 
sapote or its closer relatives. Thus the sapote appears to have had 
no generic name of its own until 1890, when Pierre established a 
new genus, Calospermum, with Achras mammosa L. as the type 
species. 


CALOSPERMUM AND CALOCARPUM AS HOMONYMS. 


The name Calospermum was changed by Pierre to Calocarpum in 
1897. The reason for this substitution was not stated, but may be 
found in the fact that Pfeiffer’s nomenclator credits Rafinesque with 
having given the name Calospermum to a genus of alge in 1814. 
Yet the name Calocarpum is open to even more serious objection, 


284 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


for there was a still older name Callicarpa that had been applied by 
Linnzus himself to another genus of flowering plants from the same 
regions as the sapote. It is true that the forms of the name used by 
Linnzus and Pierre, ‘“Callicarpa” and ‘“Calocarpum,”’ are capable of 
bibliographic discrimination, but essentially they are merely variants 
of the same word. Such names do not differ as words, but merely 
as combinations of letters. Instead of aiding in the recognition of 
plants these ambiguous designations serve rather to confuse them. 
Some writers have proposed to admit variations of spelling, or even 
typographical errors, as constituting distinct names. The danger of 
this tendency finds a striking illustration in the present instance. 
There would be no need to stop with a few variations like Callicarpa 
and Calocarpum, for Kallikarpon, Kalokarpus, and many others are 
possible. Indeed, this name is capable of no less than 64 variations 
of spelling, to say nothing of the possibilities of developing some 
genuine typographical errors. Each family of plants might have its 
Calikarpum or Kalocarpon, or a whole family might be provided 
with generic names based on the same flexible combination. 


A NEW GENERIC NAME FOR THE SAPOTE. 


Hence, it appears that no satisfactory generic designation is avail- 
able in literature for the sapote, notwithstanding the many names 
that have been applied to it during the past two centuries. As no 
combinations of the word Achras are known to have been used hitherto, 
the name ‘‘Achradelpha,” recently proposed,! may avoid the danger 
of homonymy. Allusion to the sapote as the ‘‘sister of Achras”’ is 
warranted by the fact of similarity which has been the occasion of so 
much confusion. 

The type species of Achradelpha is Achradelpha mammosa, based 
on Achrasmammosa L. Some might hold that the specific name pre- 
viously used by Jacquin in the binomial Siderorylum sapota should 
be revived under the new genus, instead of adopting the Linnean 
name mammosa. This is one of the cases where the rule ‘‘Once a 
homonym, always a synonym” would find a useful application. 
Though it may not seem likely in the present case that the sapote 
will ever be referred back to Achras and thus cause a direct conflict 
of homonyms, if the alternative combination were adopted, there 
are other cases of more closely related genera where confusion would 
be created if the names of species were to be altered with each change 
of generic assignment. This course becomes necessary unless names 
that have been subject to rejection as homonyms are permanently 
discarded. Moreover, it is undesirable to have the same specific 


? An advance summary of the results of this study has been published in the Journal 
of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 3: 158, March 19, 1913. 


COOK—NOMENCLATURE OF SAPOTE AND SAPODILLA. 285 


name applied to two important economic species in two closely related 
genera. 

In this particular case there is another reason for refusing to base 
a new combination on Jacquin’s Sideroxylum sapota. There is nothing 
to show that this was an original name proposed for the sapote as 
distinct from the sapodilla. Jacquin, like Linneus, at first did not 
discriminate between the sapote and sapodilla. Instead of distin- 
guishing the two fruits and giving them different names, Jacquin’s 
first treatment may be interpreted as a mere transfer of the composite 
Linnean species from Achras to Sideroxylon. In his next work 
Jacquin accepted the genus Achras and used the Linnean binomial 
Achras zapota in its correct application to the sapodilla, with a citation 
of the original place of publication in Species Plantarum. Thus it 
was not until Linnzus proposed the name mammosa, in the second 
edition of Species Plantarum, that the sapote can be said to have 
received a specific designation. 


SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL SYNONYMS. 


The results of this study of the nomenclature of the sapote and the 
sapodilla are summarized in the following lists of the principal 
synonyms: . 

Achradelpha mammosa (L.) Cook. THE SAPOTE. 


Malus persica maxima foliis magnis, etc. Sloane, Voy. Jam. 2: 124. pl. 218. 
1725. 

Siderorylum sapota Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 15. 1760. 

Achras mammosa L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 469. 1762. 

Achras zapota major Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 56. 1763. 

Sapota mammosa Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. no. 2. 1768. 

Lucuma mammosum Gaertn. f. Fruct. & Sem. 3: 130. pl. 203-4. 1807. 

Lucuma mammosa DC. Prodr. 8: 169. 1844. 

Vitellaria mammosa Radlk. Sitzungsb. Math.-Phys. Akad. Miinchen 12: 325. 
1882. 

Calospermum mammosum Pierre, Notes Bot. Sapot. 11. 1890. 

Calocarpum mammosum Pierre in Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 98. 1904. 

Achradelpha mammosa Cook, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 3: 160. 1913. 


Achras zapota L. THE sAPOoDILLA. 


Sapota fructu ovato, majort Plum. Nov. Pl. Amer. 43. pl. 4. 1703. 
Achras zapota L. Sp. Pl. 1190. 1753; Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 57. 1763. 
Achras sapota L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1. 470. 1762. 

Sapota achras Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. no. 1. 1768. 

Sapota zapotilla Coville, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 9: 369. 1905. 


A MONOGRAPH OF THE HAUYEAE AND GONGYLOCAR- 
PEAE, TRIBES OF THE ONAGRACEAE, 


By Joun Donne. Samira and J. N. Ross. 


INTRODUCTION. 


A recent study of the genus Hauya, native of the mountains of 
Mexico and Central America, has led to the discovery of a new 
species and has shown that an outlying species, Hauya arborea, from 
the desert of Lower California, must be excluded and made the type 
of a new genus. The differences between Hauya and the new genus, 
here named Xylonagra, are so numerous that one feels the need of 
calling attention less to these than to the points they have in com- 
mon which are requisite to keep them in the same tribe. Herbarium 
work on the group has been supplemented by field work on the part 
of Dr. Rose, who studied Xylonagra on Cedros Island and brought 
back a large number of herbarium specimens. 

During his visit to Lower California Dr. Rose collected material of 
another species of the Onagraceae, which has been referred wrongly 
to the genus Gongylocarpus. This, too, proves to be of a new 
generic type, here named Burragea, which with Gongylocarpus forms 
a new tribe. 

SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT. 
Tribe HAUYEAE Raim.! 


Calyx tube long-produced above the ovary, cylindrical, deciduous, the segments 
4, elongated, reflexed in anthesis; petals 4, inserted at the apex of the calyx tube, 
sessile; stamens 8, inserted with the petals; filaments subulate or filiform, the anthers 
linear, versatile; ovary 4-locular, the ovules few or very numerous, affixed to the 
interior angle of the cells, ascending; capsule oblong, ligneous, loculicidal, the valves 
4, septiferous in the middle; seeds few or very numerous, ascending, imbricate, 
obliquely produced upward into a subcartilaginous wing. 

Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, entire; flowers solitary or 12 
leafy racemes. 

Hauya was made the type of the tribe Hauyeae by Raimann, it being the only 
genus. As treated here, the tribe contains Hauya and Xylonagra. 


KEY TO THE GENERA. 


Arborescent; leaves large; flowers large, few, axillary; seeds 


biseriate.........----- 2-22 e eee eee eee eee ee eee eee 1. Havya (p. 288). 
A dwarf shrub; leaves small; flowers minute, numerous, in a 
terminal, leafy-bracted raceme; seeds uniseriate..... 2. XYLONAGRA (p. 294). 


1 In Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 37: 211. 1893. 987 
8 


288 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


1. HAUYA DC. Prodr. 3: 36. 1828. 


Frutescent or arboreous; flowers large, axillary, solitary, sessile or pedunculate, 
from white to pinkish; calyx tube cylindrical, elongated, the segments narrow; 
stamens more or less exserted; filaments filiform; anthers about as long as filaments, 
awned at apex, reticulate, at length twisted; stigma globose or ellipsoidal; ovules 
most numerous, in 2 rows to the cell; capsule linear-oblong or ellipsoidal; seeds most 
numerous, biseriate, the testa coriaceous, the wing longer than the testa, unilaterally 
auriculate and incrassate; cotyledons oblong, compressed, flat; radicle very short. 

The genus Hauya wasdescribed in 1828 by A. P De Candolle in the third volume of the 
Prodromus, and a second description, probably prepared before the first, was published 
the next year. The genus contained a single species, H. elegans, based upon a drawing 
which was published along with the second description. This illustration was one 
of the few of the Mocino & Sessé drawings which De Candolle was able to reproduce, 
the others being known only from the tracings which were afterward distributed to a 
fewinstitutions. Nothing more was learned of the genus until 1877, when M. Barcena, 
a Mexican, described and figured as H. elegans a plant which he had collected in the 
State of Hidalgo. His illustration is not very good and no specimens of the plant were 
preserved. 

Mr. W. Botting Hemsley in 1878 described two additional species and in 1880 he 
amplified his descriptions and redescribed H. elegans, publishing with the text two 
plates to illustrate the three species. The first of his new species, H. barcenae, is based 
on Andrieux’s no. 391 from Oaxaca, Mexico; the second, H. cornuta, upon two speci- 
mens, one collected by Salvin and one by Savage, in Guatemala. Neither of these 
species has been re-collected. 

In 1883 Dr. Sereno Watson transferred Oenothera arborea Kellogg to Hauya, and was 
followed by Mrs. M. K. Curran, Dr. E. L. Greene, and others, but, as will be shown 
under Xylonagra, it isa very different plant from true Hauya. 

In 1893 Mr. Smith described two new species of Hauya from Guatemala and in 1898 
he assigned one of these, H. rodriguezti, to Costa Rica, publishing a new description, 
while in 1909 he and Doctor Rose described 5 new species from Central America. This 
in brief is the taxonomic history of the genus. There are a few more references to it 
in literature, but they are compiled from the papers mentioned above. 

The genus has its center of distribution in Guatemala; in fact, it is largely Guate- 
malan, for, of the 11 species described below, 7 occur in that country. One species 
is known from Costa Rica. Three species are known only from Mexico and one of the 
Guatemalan species has been found just over the border. The Mexican species are 
widely scattered, one each coming from the States of Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Guerrero, and 
Chiapas. 

This genus was named for Abbé René Just Haiiy, celebrated as a mineralogist, being 
the discoverer of the true laws of crystallization, who was in early life a student of 
botany. He was born in 1743 and died in Paris in 1822. He was a friend of the 
elder De Candolle, who published the genus Hauya six years after Haiiy’s death. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF HAUYA. 


Flowers distinctly peduncled. 


Peduncles much longer than the ovary.............-....... 1. H. heydeana. 
Peduncles shorter than, or at most equaling, the ovary. 
Calyx segments not appendaged........................ 2. H. barcenae. 
Calyx segments appendaged. 
Calyx segments shorter than the tube............... 3. H. lucida. 


Calyx segments longer than the tube............... 4. H. rusbyi. 


SMITH AND ROSE—THE HAUYEAE AND GONGYLOCARPEAE. 289 
Flowers sessile. 
Calyx segments not appendaged.............-...-.-.-.--.-- 5. H. elegans. 
Calyx segments appendaged. 
Appendages 3 to 4 mm. long. 
Valves of the capsule with a central dorsal ridge.... 6. H. cornuta. 
Valves of the capsule without a central dorsal ridge. 7. H. microcerata. 
Appendages 10 to 15 mm. long. 


Calyx segments about equaling the tube........... 8. H. rodriguezit. 
Calyx segments much shorter than the tube. 
Capsules 3.5 cm. long...............-- Le eeeeee 9. H. quercetorum. 
Capsules 6 to 8 cm. long. 
Leaves orbicular to cordate-oval........... 10. H. ruacophila. 
Leaves oblong-ovate to oblong-obovate..... 11. H. lemnophila. 
1. Hauya heydeana Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 18: 3. 1893. Figure 465. 


Shrub or small tree, at most only 6 meters high, glabrous throughout; young branches 
purplish; leaf blades lanceolate, 6 to 12 cm. long, narrowed at the base, gland-tipped; 
petioles 2 cm. or less long; peduncles 12 to 35 mm. long; flowers small for the genus, 
6 to 7 cm. long; calyx segments narrowly linear, longer than the tube, with short, 
blunt tips; petals as long as and twice as broad as the calyx segments, purplish; cap- 
sule 2.5 cm. long, the valves 4 mm. broad, plane on the back. 

Type LocaLity: Along the road from San Cristébal, Department of Alta Verapaz, to 
Beleji, Department of Quiché, Guatemala. 

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 

GUATEMALA: Beleji, May, 1892, Heyde & Luz (J. D. Smith 2935). Coban, von 
Tiirckheim (J. D. Smith 8210) in June, 1902, 604 in 1907. 

This species is well marked in both foliage and flowers and especially by the long 

peduncles. 


2. Hauya barcenae Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 1: 13. 1878. Ficure 46. 

Tree 13 meters or more high; young branches puberulent; leaves ovate to rotund, 
5 to 6 cm. long, acute, rounded at the base, puberulent, becoming glabrate, sub- 
coriaceous; petiole 25 mm. long; peduncle short but distinct; flowers 6 to 7 cm. long; 
calyx tube about 3.5 cm. long, the segments about as long as the tube, not appendaged ; 
capsules 5 cm. long, the valves plane on the back; seeds small, 5 mm. long. 

Type Locauity: ‘‘Huauapan” (Huajuapan), Oaxaca, Mexico. 

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 

Mexico: Huajuapan, Oaxaca, Andrieux 391. 

InLustraTions: Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 5: pl. 29. f. 2; Engl. & Prantl, 

Pflanzenfam. 37: f. 87. 


3. Hauya lucida Donn. Smith & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 52: 48, 1911. Figure 47. 

Hauya donnelismithit Loes. Repert. Nov. Sp. Fedde 12: 236. 19138. 

Tree 10 to 13 meters high, with a globose or spreading top; very young leaves pubes- 
cent on the nerves beneath; mature leaves glabrous and shining, obovate to elliptical, 
cuspidate, narrowed at the base, 8 to 13 cm. long, 4.5 to 6 cm. broad, with 8 or 9 lateral 
nerves; petioles 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long; peduncle very short, not over 7 mm. long; flower 
8 to 10 cm. long; calyx tube 4 to 6 cm. long, the segments 3 to 4 cm. long, with append- 
ages 3 to 4 mm. long; petals 3 cm. long; filaments 17 to 19 mm. long, or after flowering 
becoming 20 to 23 mm.; ovary 9 to 12 mm. long; stigma exserted beyond the petals; 
capsule 3 to 4.5 cm. long, the valves plane on the back; seeds oblong, 11 to 12 mm. 
long, obtuse; embryo oblong-obovate. 

TYPE LocaLity: Rio Torres, San Francisco de Guadalupe, near San José, Costa Rica. 

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 

Costa Rica: Near San José, June, 1893, Tonduz 8005 (type); same locality, April, 
1894, J. D. Smith 4801; June 24, 1896, Tonduz 10118; October, 1898, Tonduz 
7445, 12719. 


94559°—13——2 


290 CONTRIB 


“SMITH AND ROSE—THE HAUYEAE AND GONGYLOCARPEAE. 291 


4, Hauya rusbyi Donn. Smith & Rose, sp. nov. Fieure 48. 

Small tree; young branches greenish, pubescent with soft, spreading hairs; leaves 
broadly oblong-ovate, 8 to 12 cm. long, sometimes abruptly acuminate, rounded at the 
base, somewhat pubescent above, paler beneath and with dense soft pubescence; petiole 
12 to 20 mm. long; peduncle 8 mm. long; flowers 7 to 8 cm. long; calyx tube 3 cm. long, 
the segments narrow, 4 to 5 cm. long, appendaged at the tip, very pubescent without, 
within greenish above, reflexed after 
flowering and purplish below; petals 
not seen; style purple; capsule 3.5 to 
4 cm. long, plane on the back; seeds 
8 mm. long. 

Typeinthe United States National 
Herbarium, no. 574646, collected on 
Liméa Mountain, Guerrero, Mexico, 
altitude 1,350 meters, July 28, 1910, 
by H. H. Rusby (no. 157). Also 
. collected in the mountains near Iguala, 
Mexico, October 24, 1909, by C. G. 
Pringle (no. 9258). 

Hauya rusbyi is probably nearest 
H. barcenae, differing from it in the 


shape of the leaves, in its somewhat 
shorter petioles, in having the calyx 
tube shorter than the segments and 
the segments appendaged, and in its 
somewhat shorter capsule. 
5. Hauya elegans DC. Prodr. 3: 36. 
SS 


1828. 

Shrub or tree; young branches vel- 
vety-pubescent; leaves lanceolate to 
ovate, 27 to 62 cm. long, rounded at 
the base, acuminate, tomentose above, 
velvety-pubescent beneath; flowers 
sessile, 12.5 cm. long; calyx tube longer 
than the calyx segments, these not 
appendaged; petals nearly orbicular, 
rose-colored; capsule 3.7 cm. long, the 
valves plane on the back. 

TYPE LocaLity: Mexico. 

The taxonomic history of this, the 
type species of the genus, has already 
been given with that of the genus. There is only to add that in 1880 Mr. Hemsley 
referred here Coulter’s no. 172 from Zimapan, Mexico. 


6. Hauya cornuta Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 1: 13. 1878. Ficure 49, 

Shrub or small tree; young branches pubescent; leaves rather small for the genus, 
oblong-lanceolate to elliptical, 5 to 7.5 cm. long, short-acuminate, puberulent above, 
canescent-tomentose beneath; calyx tube 3 cm. long, puberulent, the segments about 
half the length of the tube; capsule 22 mm. long, the valves with a short ridge on the 
back. 

TYPE LocALITy: Volc4n de Fuego, Guatemala. 

Only the type specimen has been seen, which was collected in Guatemala, August 
6, 1873, by Osbert Salvin. 

The material was lent us by the director of the Kew Gardens. 


Fia. 48.— Hauya rusbyi. Rusby’s 157. Natural size. 


292 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


7. Hauya microcerata Donn. Smith & Rose, Bot. Gaz, 52: 46.1911. Ficure 50. 
Probably a small tree; young branches and buds with appressed, canescent pubes- 
cence; leaves long-petiolate, obovate to oblong-obovate, 7 to 11 cm. long, 4 to 6 cm. 
broad, shortly cuspidate, glabrate above, tomentose beneath; flowers sessile; calyx 
tube 8.5 to 10 cm. long, the segments 3.5 to 4 cm. long, with appendages 3 to 4 mm. 
long; petals oval, 33 mm. long; ovary velvety-pubescent, 11 mm. long; capsule 5 cm. 
long, the valves plane on the back; seeds unknown. 
TyPE Locauity: Santa Rosa, Department of Baja Verapaz, Guatemala. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
GuaTemaLa: Santa Rosa, alt. 1,500 meters, September, 1888, von Tiirckheim 
(J.D, Smith 1423). Cuesta de Quililhd, near Purulhd, alt. 1,400 meters, April, 
1905, Pittier 155. 
Mexico: Canjob, Chiapas, May 2, 1904, Goldman 923. 
The specimen from Mexico is referred here with some doubt. 


wy & 


‘ 
YS 


WL 


Fig. 49.— Hauya cornuta. Fic. 50.— Hauya microce- 
Type. Natural size. rata. Pittier’s 156. 
Natural size. 
8. Hauya rodriguezii Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 18: 3. 1893. Figure 51. 


Tree, 10 meters high, with a stout trunk; young branches slightly pubescent; leaves 
pubescent when young, soon glabrate except the angles, rhombic-oval to elliptical, 
11 to 12 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, narrowed or rounded at base, with 8 or 9 pairs of 
nerves; petioles 1 to 3 cm. long; flowers sessile, 13 to 15 cm. long; calyx tube 6.25 to 
7.5 cm. long, the segments of about the same length as the tube, with slender ap- 
pendages; petals oval, two-thirds the length of the calyx segments; ovary canescent ; 
capsule 5 to 5.25 cm. long. 

TYPE LocaLity: Acatepeque, Guatemala. 

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 

GuaTEMALA: The type specimen, collected at Acatepeque, March, 1892, by 
J. D. Smith (no. 2529), 


9. Hauya quercetorum Donn. Smith & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 52: 47.1911. Ficure 52. 
Probably a small tree; old branches glabrescent, the growing parts somewhat hirsute; 
leaves large, orbicular to lanceolate, obtuse to acuminate, glabrous or nearly so above, 


SMITH AND ROSE—THE HAUYEAE AND GONGYLOCARPEAE. 293 


glaucous and glabrous beneath except for the hairs along the midrib and lateral veins; 
petioles 2 to 3 cm. long; flowers sessile; calyx tube 7 to 9 cm. long, pubescent, the seg- 
ments 3.5 to 5 cm. long, with appendages 5 to 6 mm. long; ovary very pubescent, 10 
to 11 mm. long; capsule woody, 3.5 cm. long, the valves plane on the back; seeds 
lanceolate, 15 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, acute. 

TYPE LocALITy: Volcano of Juamaytepeque, Department of Santa Rosa, Guatemala. 

Known only from the type locality; collected by Heyde and Lux in March, 1883. 
On the same volcano and at the same altitude Heyde and Lux collected additional 
material of a Hauya which may or may not belong here, the leaves being of somewhat 


Fig. 51.—Hauya rodriguezii. Type. Fia. 52.— Hauya quercetorum. Type. Natural size. 
Natural size. 


different shape, the ovary more hirsute, and the flower somewhat different in several 
respects. 


10. Hauya ruacophila Donn. Smith & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 52: 47.1911. Fiaure 53. 
Hauya longicornuta var. a ovalifolia Loes. Repert. Nov. Sp. Fedde 12: 237. 1913. 
Small tree; young branches velvety-pubescent; leaves orbicular to ovate, 5 to 7 

cm. long, 3 to 6 cm. broad, somewhat pointed, cordate or rounded at the base, glabrous 
above, densely cinereous beneath; flowers sessile; calyx tube 9.5 to 10 cm. long, 
pubescent, the segments 5 to 5.5 cm. long, with appendages 10 to 12 mm. long; petals 
elliptical, 4.5 cm. long, 2.5 cm. broad; ovary velvety; capsule woody, 6 cm. long, 
the valves plane on the back; seeds oblong, 13 mm, long. 


294 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


TYPE Locauity: Volcin Acatenango, Guatemala. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
GuateMALa: Volcén Acatenango, Department Zacatepéquez, alt. 1,700 meters, 
March, 1892, J. D. Smith 2528 (type). Alotenango, Department Zacatepé- 
quez, alt. 1,300 meters, March, 1892, J. D. Smith 2527. . 


11. Hauya lemnophila Donn. Smith & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 62: 48.1911. Fiaure 54. 
Hauya longicornuta var. b. oblongifolia Loes. Repert. Nov. Sp. Fedde 12: 237. 1913, 
Probably a small tree; young branches cinereous-hirsute; leaves oblong-ovate to 

oblong-obovate, 9 to 15 cm. long, 4.5 to 7.5 cm. broad, rounded at the base, some- 

what pointed, glabrate above, hirsute beneath; flowers sessile, calyx tube 7.5 to 9cm. 
long, the segments 4.5 to 5 cm. long, with appendages 12 mm. long; petals white, 

33 to 35 mm. long; ovary hirsute, 13 tol4 mm, 

long; capsule linear-oblong, 7.5 to 8 cm, long, 

the valves plane on the back. 

TYPE LocaLity: Laguna de Carrazal, Depart- 
ment of Santa Rosa, Guatemala, altitude 1,500 
meters, 

Known from the type material, collected in 
May, 1892, by Heyde and Lux (J. D. Smtth 
2936), and also from Heyde’s no. 516, which 
may be a part of the type collection. 


2. XYLONAGRA Donn. Smith & Rose, 
gen. nov. 


A low, bushy shrub with numerous short, 
ascending branches; leaves alternate, small, sol- 
itary or in fascicles, with glandular tips; inflo- 
rescence of elongated terminal racemes; flowers 
pediceled; calyx scarlet, the proper tube short, 
abruptly enlarging into a long, funnel-shaped 
throat, the segments 4, short, ovate to triangular, 
about one-third the length of the tube; petals 4, 
scarlet, shorter than the calyx segments; sta- 
mens 8, exserted a little beyond the petals, the 

Fic. 53.—Hauya ruacophila. Type. filaments short, the anthers mucronate; style 

Natural size. exserted beyond the stamens; stigma capitate; 

capsule small, 4-celled, loculicidal; seeds few to 

the cell, in one row, with a small subterminal, acuminate wing; embryo oblanceolate, 
the cotyledons elliptical, thrice longer than radicle. 

This genus differs from Hauya in its bushy habit and small leaves, in the character 
of the inflorescence, in its much smaller flowers, differently shaped calyx tube, highly 
colored petals, short filaments, merely mucronate and not reticulate anthers, much 
smaller capsules of different texture with cells containing one row of few seeds instead 
of two rows of very numerous ones, and in the very small seeds with a different kind of 
wing. Ithas, moreover, a very different range and habitat. 


1. Xylonagra arborea (Kellogg) Donn. Smith & Rose. 

Oenothera arborea Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 32. pl. 1859. 

Hauya californica 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 366, 1885. 

Hauya arborea Curran, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 1: 253. 1888, 

Low shrub, 60 to 120 cm. high (originally described as 6 to 8 feet), with slender 
woody branches, these when young red and covered with short, appressed, cinereous 
pubescence; leaves petioled, small, the blade lanceolate, 8 to 15 mm. long, entire, 
obtuse, tipped by a large orange yellow, sometimes red, gland, scantily pubescent on 


SMITH AND ROSE—THE HAUYEAE AND GONGYLOCARPEAE. 295 


\ 


NN 


Fia. 54.—Hauya lemnophila. Heyde’s 516. Natural size, 


296 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


both surfaces; inflorescence a terminal, leafy raceme, sometimes consisting of only 1 
to3 flowers, sometimes much elongated (in one case measuring 50 cm. long) and bearing 
100 or more flowers; pedicels 5 mm. long, becoming stout; flowers scarlet, 2 to 2.5 cm. 
long; petals erect, 5 mm. long; stamens only slightly longer than the petals; style 
slender, scarlet, pubescent, exserted; capsule 10 to 12 mm. long; seeds 5 to 8 in each 
cell, in one row, each slightly winged on one side and at the summit, the terminal 
portion as long and broad as the body itself. 

The above description differs somewhat from Doctor Kellogg’s rather extravagant 
one. He characterizes it as a tree primrose with a stem 5 to 8 cm. in diameter, the 
floral branches bearing glandular hairs, the leaves sessile, and the flowers in dense 
spikes. 

The specific name arborea is unfortunate, as there is not the least suggestion of a tree 
in either the size or the habit of the plant. 

TYPE Locauity: Cedros Island, Lower California. 

The range and habitat are Cedros Island and the west coast of Lower California on 
the open desert hills and low mountains, along with Agaves and junipers. 

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 

Lower Cauirornia: Cedros Island, 1896, Anthony 46; March, 1911, Rose 16133. 
San Andrés, September 21, 1905, Nelson & Goldman 7157. San Bartolome 
Bay, April 29, 1889, Pond. Rosalia Bay, 1896, Anthony 46a. 

This species was collected in considerable abundance on Cedros Island by Dr. 
Rose during his recent trip with the Albatross. He found it only after an all-day 
climb. Unfortunately, only a single flower was seen, but fruiting specimens with 
leaves were taken, and these will doubtless be a welcome addition to many herbaria. 

The plant is low, usually 60 to 90 cm. high, a bush with many slender upright 
branches, often forming thickets along the dry ravines and stony hillsides. The 
leaves, as seen, were always small, and no evidence was met that they are ever large, 
so that doubtless the record of their being sometimes 2 inches long is due to a slip of 
some kind. Each leaf is tipped with a large gland, which suggests those found on the 
tips of leaflets in ant-inhabited Acacias. Whether these glandular bodies serve any 
special use in the economy of this plant we do not know. The inflorescence is some- 
what curious, and it is not easy to decide whether the flowers should be said to be 
axillary or, taken together, to form a leafy raceme. The flowering branch seems to 
die after the fruit matures, although it may persist for years. In one case, however, 
a branch bearing perhaps a hundred capsules had stopped flowering and been con- 
tinued as a leafy shoot. This was probably abnormal and doubtless due to its desert 
surroundings. This plant, like so many desert plants, must have a severe struggle 
all the time. The warm sunshine urges it into leaf and flower, while the dry soil 
withholds what little water it has. One day it puts forth its leaves; the next it 
must drop them or die. A day later a shower stimulates it to a new effort. Thus 
are produced these abnormal forms—stunted branches an inch long, which are 20 
years old, and elongated branches measured in feet which have grown in a season. 


Tribe GONGYLOCARPEAE Donn. Smith & Rose. 


Calyx tube produced above the ovary, filiform, nearly closed at the apex by an 
annular disk; calyx segments 4, much shorter than the tube; petals 4, inserted at 
the base of the disk; stamens 8, inserted with the petals, inappendiculate, four longer 
than the othérs, all fertile, the anthers ovoid; ovary immersed; stigma capitate 
exindusiate; fruit immersed, subdrupaceous, rhorboidal, bilocular, 2-seeded; puta- 
men ligneous. 

Leaves alternate; flowers axillary, solitary. 

The tribe Gongylocarpeae, here described as new, seems to be abundantly distinct 
from the Gaureae by its immersed ovary and 2-celled fruit. 


SMITH AND ROSE—THE HAUYEAE AND GONGYLOCARPEAE. 297 


KEY TO THE GENERA. 


Herbaceous; leaves not crowded, petiolate, denticulate; 

disk glandular; ovary concrete with the stem and 

petiole, 2 or 3-celled, 2 or 3-ovuled; fruits remote. 1. GONGYLOCARPUS (p. 297). 
Fruticose; leaves crowded, subsessile, entire; ovary 

immersed in the stem, 2-celled, 2-ovuled; fruits 

approximate in the thickened stems............. 2. BurraGeEa (p. 297). 


1. GONGYLOCARPUS Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 557. 1830. 


An annual herb, glabrous, the stem becoming reddish; leaves petiolate, ovate- 
lanceolate, denticulate-ciliate; flowers remote; calyx tube adnate to both branch 
and ‘petiole, the segments spreading, linear, cucullate; petals inserted on the glandu- 
lar disk of the calyx, obovate-cuneate, shorter than the calyx segments, entire; ovary 
2 or 3-celled, the style filiform and short, the ovules solitary in each cell; fruit con- 
crete with branch and petiole. 

Only a single species of Gongylocarpus (G. rubricaulis) has been described, which 
is extremely rare in collections. The type came from near Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico, 
and the species has been reported also from the States of Jalisco and Chihuahua, 
widely separated localities. There is a possibility that more than one species is 
represented by this material. Owing to the weedy appearance of the plant and to 
its inconspicuous flowers and seemingly abnormal fruits, it is likely to be neglected 
by collectors. 


1. Gongylocarpus rubricaulis Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 558. 1830. 

Stem 45 cm. long, erect; branches remote, shorter than the stem; leaves acuminate 
or acute, narrowed into the petiole, remotely and sharply denticulate, shortly or 
obsoletely ciliate, the cauline 6 cm. long and 2.5 cm. broad, petiole 1.25 em. long; 
calyx tube above ovary 4 to 10 mm. long; segments 4 mm. long; petals deciduous; 
stamens and style equaling or exceeding the calyx segments. 

Tyre LocaLity: Jalapa, Mexico. 

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 

Mexico: Near Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Schiede & Deppe. Naolinco, Vera Cruz, 
August, 1912, C. A. Purpus 6155. Mountains near Chapala, Jalisco, Novem- 
ber 18, 1892, C. G. Pringle 5344. Southwestern Chihuahua, August to 
November, 1885, Dr. E. Palmer 34. 


2. BURRAGEA Donn. Smith & Rose, gen. nov. 


A perennial shrub; leaves alternate, closely set, subsessile, thickish, entire; sepals 4, 
in the bud free at the tip, highly colored, oblong, becoming reflexed, all similar; 
calyx tube very slender, much longer than the segments, partly closed at the apex 
by an annular disk; filaments 8, 4 longer; style slender; stigma capitate, at length 
bipartite; ovary imbedded in the branch, 2-celled; fruit somewhat diamorid-shaped, 
2-celled, 2-seeded, imbedded in the flowering shoot and tardily breaking away. 

Type species, Gaura fruticulosa Benth. 

This remarkable genus is dedicated to Commander Guy H. Burrage, United States 
Navy, who was in charge of the U. S. steamer Albatross during the spring of 1911, 
when Dr. Rose made his expedition to Lower California. We thus render a slight 
token of our appreciation of the facilities so richly supplied during this expedition. 

The genus Burragea is to be associated with Gongylocarpus, but in its bushy, 
perennial habit, large, showy flowers, and elongated flowering branches it must be 
regarded as quite distinct. Asin that genus the ovary is sunk in the flowering branch; 
but in Gongylocarpus the fruits are single and suggest little nuts, while in Burragea 
they represent a persistent collective fruit. 


298 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Mr. Bentham, who was the first to study the species, took the specimens for a de- 
formed Gaura, and commented on them as follows: ! 

“In all specimens there is the same semiarticulation and thickening of the flowering 
part of the branches so as to enclose the ovaria, which Chamisso and Schlechtendal 
observed in an allied Mexican species, and which appeared to them to justify the 
constituting a distinct genus under the name of Gongylocarpus. It is, however, 
much more probably the effect of some disease or parasite. I could not indeed, any 
more than the above quoted authors, discover any traces of fungus or insect, but the 
distortion of the ovaries, as well as of the more enlarged capsules and seeds which 
may be found still remaining in their hardened state in the old woody branches, 
show that this is not the healthy natural form of the plant. The flowers appear in all 
other respects perfect, and are evidently showy.”’ 


KEY TO SPECIES. 


Glandular-pubescent; leaves linear..............2-.0..ceeeeeeeeee 1. B. fruticulosa. 
Glabrous; leaves oblanceolate...............00 0.0. c cee cececeecee 2. B. frutescens. 


1. Burragea fruticulosa (Benth.) Donn. Smith & Rose. 

Gaura fruticulosa Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 15. 1844. 

Gongylocarpus fruticulosus T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 158. 1889. 

A low, bushy plant, 30 to 60 cm. high; young branches purple, covered with short, 
spreading, glandular (?) hairs; leaf branches often short and stunted, showing numerous 
closely set leaf scars; leaves numerous, often closely set, on vigorous branches more 
remote, linear, 2 mm. broad, entire, acute, slightly narrowed at base, not perceptibly 
veined, glandular-pubescent; calyx tube slender, 15 mm. long, the segments oblong, 
pointed, 7 mm. long, becoming reflexed; petals obovate, about 7 mm. long. 

TYPE LocaLity: Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 

Collected on Santa Margarita Island, Lower California, March 19, 1911, by J. N. 
Rose (no. 16284). 

Bentham evidently had both species of Burragea in his Gaura fruticulosa, for he says 
that some of the specimens are glabrous and others are pubescent. The pubescent 
form has been selected to serve as a type for Bentham’s species. Both species grow 
about Magdalena Bay, but, so far as observed, not together. . 


2. Burragea frutescens (Curran) Donn. Smith & Rose. 

Gongylocarpus frutescens Curran, Proc. Calif, Acad. II. 1: 231. 1888. 

A low, widely spreading shrub, rarely over 30 to 60 cm. high, glabrous throughout, 
with numerous short branches, the young ones dark purple; leaves alternate, narrowly 
oblanceolate, often 7 mm. broad, 3 cm. long, thickish, the midvein indistinct; calyx 
tube 2 to 2.5 cm. long, petals 12 mm. long; fruiting branches thick, 1 to 10 cm. long, 
turgid, purple, at first leafy but becoming naked. 

TYPE LOCALITY: Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 

Collected also on the shore of Santa Maria Bay, Magdalena Island, Lower California, 
March 18, 1911, by J. N. Rose (no. 16263). 


NOTE. 


While reading the final proof of this paper, our ajtention was called to two species, 
one with two varieties, just described by T. Loesencr in Fedde, Repertorium Spe- 
cierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis, volume 12. These are based on the same collec- 
tions which we have studied and, being clearly synonyms, are so referred. Two 
names, H. hemsleyana and H. pedicellata, also are mentioned, but doubtless have not 
been published. 


1 Bot. Voy. Sulph. 15. 1844. 


BOTRYCHIUM VIRGINIANUM AND JTS FORMS. 


By Ivar Tipesrrom. 


BOTRYCHIUM VIRGINIANUM. 


In 1905,! an account was given by me of a peculiar form of our 
Virginia plant. It showed a forking sporophyll, which phenomenon 
does not appear to be so unusual, for I have observed a number 
of similar cases since that time. The unusual, however, about the 
plant was the presence of two fertile pinne on one of the sterile 
segments (branches). The plant was collected in the woods along 
Chesapeake Bay, some 30 miles east of Washington. Along with 
typical specimens grew some very small plants which were referred 
to the small form of the species or B. gracile Pursh. 

In 1907, while botanizing near Chevy Chase, Maryland, I came 
upon a rather large colony of the species and found also a large num- 
ber of smaller plants growing under the shade, so to speak, of plants of 
normal size. The smallest fruiting specimen which I could find meas- 
ured 10 cm. in height. The branches of the sterile frond measured 
about 2 cm. in length while the fertile frond somewhat exceeded this 
measure. The spore-bearing part alone (i. e., exclusive of the stalk) 
measured only 5 mm. The largest specimen of B. virgimanum 
which I have collected in Maryland, measures about 70 cm. in height, 
while the sterile branches are 20 cm. or more and the pinne 6 em. 
more or less in length. Much larger specimens may exist, but I give 
measurements only of those which I have collected and which are pre- 
served in my own herbarium. The size of the plant seems to depend 
largely on its age and the perennial root appears to last many years. 
The variation, therefore, of the species in Maryland and Virginia 
(fruiting specimens alone being considered at this time) appears to 
lie between 10 and 70 cm.,so far as the height of the plant is concerned. 
It is apparent that B. gracile Pursh (B. virginianum var. gracile Presl) 
is only a young fruiting plant of our typical B. virginianum. 

One of the earliest records of our Virginia plant is found in the works 
of Morison ? where it is under the name: 


Lunaria botrytis elatior Virginiana pinnulis tenuissimis, etc. 


1 Torreya 5: 160. f. 1. 2 Pl. Hist. 3: 595, sect, 14. pl. 4. f. 5. 1799. 
299 


300 © CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


The plant was sent to England by the pioneer of Virginian botany, 
John Banister. 

Gronovius and Linneus referred it to the genus Osmunda in Flora 
Virginica. 

The range given for the species by Professor Underwood ' is: 

“In woods, Nova Scotia to British Columbia, Florida and Arizona. 
Also in Europe and Asia.”’ 

It is comparatively easy to clear up the history of a species when 
we are in a position to study the living individuals. If, on the other 
hand, we are limited to fragmentary material, as was often the case 
with the old botanists, it is not at all surprising that such simple, 
diminutive forms as the early fruiting fronds of B. virginianum were 
given a distinct name or referred to the species as a variety. 

If we examine material from other parts of America as, for instance, 
the region from Mexico southward into Peru, we are confronted 
with the same difficulty as the earlier botanists, for the material 
from the Latin-American countries, besides being scant, shows a 
much greater range of variation than do the plants from the United 
States. With an insufficiency of material, therefore, and with 
practically no knowledge of the living plants, we can do little except 
to describe the herbarium material at hand and to attempt to refer 
it to forms already known. The record given by Linneus? of his 
Osmunda virginiana (Botrychium virginianum) reads: 

Osmunda scapo caulino solitario, fronde supra decomposito. 

Osmunda fronde pinnata caulina, fructificationibus spicatis. Gron. virg. 196. 

Osmunda asphodeli radice. Plum. fil. 136, t. 159. Pet. fil. 168. t. 9. f. 2. 

Habitat in America. 

From the above it is apparent that the concept of the species as held 
by Linnaeus has not changed. It is doubtful also if he ever saw 
Plumier’s plant. The account of this fern points clearly to B. 
virginianum or some close ally, but the figure is not of our plant in all 
its details. It should be stated also that the botanical artists of 
two centuries ago often disregarded the details and a striking result 
of this license is seen in the earliest representations of our handsome . 
Adiantum pedatum. We cheerfully make allowance for the artist’s 
fancy when we read Cornut’s description of the plant, for in the 
description we find that very element, the treating of plants ,as 
living beings, which is necessarily of the most importance in the 
make up of any book on botany. Plumier® gives an account of the 
plant of which the following is a part: 


“Je trouvay cette Plante dans les forests de l’Isle Saint Domingue, 6u j’en ay veu 
une autre espéce tres semblable, mais dont les feuilles étoient plus émoussées, un 
peu moins découpées & bordées d’une dentelure tres-delicate. 


'Small, Fl. Southeast. U.S. 3. 1903. 
2 Sp. Pl. 1064. 1753. 
§ Trait. Foug. 136. pl. 159.1705. (Parallel columns of French and Latin text.) 


TIDESTROM—BOTRYCHIUM VIRGINIANUM AND ITS FORMS. 301 


“Monsieur Sarrazin tres-habile Medecin, scavant Anatomiste & Botaniste du Rey 
dans le Canada, envoya de ce méme Pais, ces deux mesmes especes & Monsieur Vaillant 
aussi Botaniste du Roy, & tres-expert Anatomiste. II luy manda en méme temps 
que les Sauvages appelloient ces deux mémes plantes I’ Herbe aux Serpens, y ayant 
recours d’abord qu’ils en ont esté mordus, pour remedier & leur morsure par Vappli- 
cation de cette Herbe.”’ 

It should be noted that Clayton! gave as the vernacular name 
in Virginia for this plant “PWern-Rattle-Snake-root,” a translation 
probably of the Indian name for which the French version is ‘‘l’Herbe 
aux Serpens ”’ as given above. 

Professor Underwood and Mr. Benedict? record three species of 
Botrychium from the West Indies: B. virginianum, B. jenmam, and 
B. underwoodianum. No definite locality is given for the first species, 
so we may conclude that it is not a local plant even in the West 
Indies. The second species is known only from Jamaica. The third 
is also known from Jamaica and Haiti (7). In Plumier’s illustration ® 
there is a portion of a frond which appears to represent a second 
species of which he speaks in the text. The latter plant he describes 
as having ‘‘les feuilles plus émoussGes, un peu moins découpées & 
bordées d’une dentelure tres-delicate””—a description which suggests 
B. underwoodianum or some close ally. His Osmunda Asphodelt 
radice received the name Osmunda cicutaria in 1798.4 It is repre- 
sented as having the stalk of the fertile segment inserted nearly 
midway between the root system and the lowermost sterile pinne 
(or branches), a condition which probably led the earlier authors to 
regard the illustration as being representative of a distinct species. 

Swartz * accepted the species upon the authority of Savigny and 
also cites Plumier’s illustration, showing the low insertion of the fer- 
tile segment. That such a condition actually existed in Plumier’s 
plant from Santo Domingo is probable, from the fact that I have 
observed a single instance of this sort in a Jamaican specimen. 
Prantl® in his review of the Ophioglossaceae refers B. cicutarvum Swartz 
to B. virginianum. His statement with respect to the latter species, 
‘‘Pedunculus e basi laminae vel rarius e petiolo oriundus,” might 
lead us to believe that he had also observed instances wherein the 
condition represented in Plumier’s plate existed, but we have no 
direct proof that such was the case. 


BOTRYCHIUM DICHRONUM. 


Professor Underwood described this species’ from material col- 
lected by Mr. W. N. Clute at Morces Gap, J amaica, at an altitude of 
1,500 meters. The description of the species fits also B. virginianum 
in all particulars except two. From the latter B. dichronum is said 


1 Gronov. Fl. Virg. 196. 1739. 5 Syn. Fil. 171. 1806. 
2N. Amer. Fl. 16!: 3-10. 1909. 6 Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell. 1: 350. 1883. 
3 Trait. Foug. 136. pl. 159. 7 Bull. Torrey Club 30: 45. 1903. 


4 Savigny in Lam. Encycl. 4: 650. 
7637°—13——2 


302 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


to differ in its peculiar short panicle and ‘‘especially in its persistent 
sterile leaf which remains fresh until the new one is fully developed, 
the plant thus having two growing leaves at the time of maturity, 
to which allusion is made in the specific name.” All the West Indian 
material accessible to me has shown the above characteristics, and I 
have not seen any specimens referable to typical B. virgumanum. 


BOTRYCHIUM BRACHYSTACHYS. 


In describing this species ' Kunze makes the following observation: 


Die Kiirze der fruchtbaren Fieder, welche nur an einem von 12 untersuchten 
Exemplaren etwa zur Hiilfte iiber das sterile Laub hervorragte, an allen tibrigen 
kiirzer war, ist allerdings das auffallendste Unterscheidungszeichen; méchte aber 
fiir sich allein nicht zur Begriindung einer eigenen Art hinreichen. 


From the above it is apparent that the concepts of B. dichronum 
and B. brachystachys agree as to the comparative length of the fertile 
segment. Although the author of the latter species did not. consider 
this character as sufficient in itself to base a species upon, neverthe- 
less in all specimens which I have examined it appears constant, and 
all? except one specimen show the persistent leaf. 

All the West Indian and the Central American records for the 
plant show that it belongs to the Temperate Zone. The Panama 
material collected by Mr. William R. Maxon is by far the best and 
the most interesting. All the specimens show the persistent sterile 
segment. In one (no. 675552), collected ‘on moist forested slopes 
of Cerro do Lino, above El Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama, altitude 1,300 
to 1,560 meters,” the fertile segment is inserted at the base of the 
sterile branches, measuring 20 cm. in length (the stalk included) 
and exceeding the sterile branches by 2 to 3 cm. only. The entire 
plant measures 44 cm. Another specimen (no. 675968) shows a 
forking fertile segment equaling in length the central branch of the 
sterile part, which is 22 cm. long. The entire plant measures 71 em., 
while the persisting frond measures 60 em. in length. 

The most interesting of Mr. Maxon’s specimens is one (no. 675988) 
presenting several peculiarities, as shown in plate 102. Only the 
upper portion of the plant was collected. The fertile segment emerges 
from the common stalk about 3 cm. below the branching of the sterile 
segment, thus proving in a measure the possibility of the condition 
represented in Plumier’s plate. It measures 41 em. in length, the 
distance from the point of insertion to the lowermost pinne being 
17 cm. These are bipinnate and measure 17 cm. in length. The 


1 Linnaea 18: 305. 1844. 

*U. 8. National Herbarium nos. 826306, 830774 (Guatemala, alt. 1380-1550 meters, 
coll. von Tiirckheim); no. 830770 (Guatemala, alt. 1,800 meters, coll. J. D. Smith); and 
from western Panama, no. 677413, alt. 1,000-1,300 meters, coll. Pittier; nos. 675552, 
675610, 675968, 675969, and 675988, alt. 1,300-1,700 meters, coll. Maxon. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol, 16. PLATE 102. 


BOTRYCHIUM CICUTARIUM (SAVIGNY) SWARTZ. 


TIDESTROM—BOTRYCHIUM VIRGINIANUM AND ITS FORMS. 303 


upper portion (16 cm.), with the exception of a few pinnules, is sterile, 
a condition which I have never before observed. (PLATE 102.) 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 102.—A specimen collected in humid forest along the upper Caldera River, near 
“Camp I,” Holcomb’s trail, above El Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama, altitude 1,450 to 1,650 meters, March 
22 to 24, 1911, by William R. Maxon, no. 5569 (U. 8. Nat. Herb. 675988). Scale slightly less than 4. 

Mr. C. G. Pringle collected a specimen ' of nearly typical B. virgim- 
anum in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico. In this plant the fertile 
segment (including the stalk) is 31 cm. long, while the middle branch 
of the sterile segment is only half as long, a condition normal (at least 
in older plants) in typical virginianum. There is no trace of a 
persisting sterile leaf. 

The South American and Old World material in our collections 
in Washington is too scant and fragmentary to permit much dis- 
cussion. In one specimen? from Ecuador, however, the fertile seg- 
ment is inserted about 1 cm. below the lowermost sterile pinne, and in 
another specimen on the same sheet the position of the fertile segment 
is normal. A further discussion of extra-North American plants 
belongs properly to botanists who are able to avail themselves of 
collections rich in European and Asiatic material and to those who 
have had the opportunity to botanize in South America. 


CONCLUSION. 


The foregoing review of North American material seems to justify 
the recognition of two species, which may be distinguished as follows: 


Plants with persistent leaves and with fertile segments equaling or somewhat exceed- 
ing the sterile segment. 
Botrychium cicutarium (Savigny) Swartz, Syn. Fil. 171. 1806. 
Osmunda cicutaria Savigny in Lam. Encycl. 4: 650. 1797. 
Botrychium virginicum B mexicanum Hook. Bot. Misc. 3: 223. 1833. 
Botrychium brachystachys Kunze, Linnaea 18: 305. 1844. 
Botrychium dichronum Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 30: 45. 1903. 
Plants without persistent leaves and with long-exserted sporophyll (in older plants). 
Botrychium virginianum (L.) Swartz, Journ. Bot. Schrad. 18002: 111. 1801. 
Osmunda virginiana L. Sp. Pl. 1064. 1753. 
Botrychium gracile Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 656. 1814. 


The excellent material collected by Mr. Maxon gives us a good 
insight into the very variable B. virginvanum group and helps us to 
distinguish the two forms proposed by botanists long ago. It would 
save much confusion and add much to the credit of botany if only 
such material could be considered in plant descriptions. 


1U.5S. Nat. Herb. no. 461872. 2U.S. Nat. Herb. no. 50754. 


SPHENOCLEA ZEYLANICA AND CAPERONIA PALUSTRIS 
IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES. 


By Ivar TIDESTROM. 


SPHENOCLEA ZEYLANICA. 


In 1903, a plant was sent to the United States Department of 
Agriculture for determination from Gueydan, Louisiana, with the 
intimation that it was a threatening weed in rice fields. It proved 
to be Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaert. and since then has been reported 
from time to time. 

This species was described under its native name, ‘pongati,” 
and also iliustrated by Rheede! as early as 1692 and the illustration 
alone is almost sufficient for the identification of the plant. Adanson * 
mentions it under this vernacular name, citing at the same time the 
figure by Rheede. In 1788, Gaertner 3 diagnosed the genus and gave 
a description of the only species under the name here accepted. 
The illustration by Gaertner shows a pentamerous flower and an 
ovary with 2 cells and a central placenta. The vernacular name 
“tembulwaenna” is also given. Jussieu‘ characterized the genus 
the following year under the name ‘ ‘Pongatium.” This author cites 
Rheede’s figure. He places the genus among Plantae incertae sedis 
and in addition to the generic diagnosis he observes as follows: 

“ Herba aquatica (Rheede Mal. II. t. 24); folia alterna; flores dense spicati terminales; 
horum tubus staminifer mox deciduus. Caracter ex sicco. Habitus Phytolaccae 
junioris. An affinis Samolo p. 97, aut Portulaceis?”’ 

In 1790, Loureiro® diagnosed the genus Rapinia and described 
one species, R. herbacea, which has been referred by nearly all the 
great authors to Sphenoclea zeylanica. Loureiro evidently referred 
the bract and two bractlets which subtend the flowers to the calyx, 
hence his diagnosis of the calyx: ‘“Perianthium 8-partitum, inferum: 
laciniis subrotundis, concavis: bino ordine, exteriori breviore.”” In 
all other respects the account given of Rapinia agrees well with the 
characters of Sphenoclea. Loureiro appears to have been the first 
to notice the flowers, for he placed the plant in the class Pentandria 
and in the order Monogynia of Linneus’s simple, provisional, but very 
excellent method for determining plants. 

In 1791, Retzius® described the plant under the name Gaertnera 
pangati. He distinguished the subtending bracts, which he describes 


1 Hort. Malabar. 11: 47. pl. 24. 4Gen. Pl. 423. 1789. 
2 Hist. Nat. Sénég. 83. 1757. 5 Fl, Cochinch. 1: 127. 1790. 
8 Fruct. & Sem. 1: 118. pl. 24. f. 5. ® Obs. Bot. 6: 24. 1791. 305 


806 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


as “spatulate and distinct,” from the inferior 5-lobed calyx. Mar- 
tius* placed the genus in an order Sphenocleaceae by itself, but 
just preceding the Campanulaceae. Lindley? made a suborder 
Sphenocleaceae, but expressing a doubt as follows: 


“This remarkable plant is very much like a campanulaceous genus in structure; 
but its exalbuminous seeds, the absence of collecting hairs from its styles, and the 
round subsessile anthers, seem to indicate the type of a different order; and the 
peculiar habit of the only known species seems to confirm the propriety of the 
separation.”’ 


An excellent account of the species has been given by Wight. 
In his work we find a series of illustrations from the unopened flower 
to the characteristic spongy, pendulous placenta, the small, oblong 
seed 0.5 mm. long, and the minute embryo. Figure 10 of plate 
138 shows the capsule after the dehiscence has taken place. In 
specimens at hand this feature is very conspicuous and the remains 
of the capsule as well as of the placenta can be seen almost with the 
naked eye. Both Gaertner and Retzius had noted the circumscissile 
capsule. 

The following is a description of the species: 


Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaert. Fruct. & Sem. 1: 113. pl. 24. f. §. 1788; Schoenl. in 
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 4°: 61. 1889. 
Pongati Rheede, Hort. Malabar. 11: 47. pl. 24. 1692; Adans. Hist. Nat. Sénég. 83. 
1757. 

Rapinia herbacea Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 1: 127. 1790. 

Gaertnera pangati Retz. Obs. Bot. 6: 24. 1791. 

Pongatium indicum Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 444. 1791. 

Sphenoclea pongatium DC. Prodr. 7: 548. 1839; Wight, Illustr. Ind. Bot. 2: 115. pl. 

138. 1850. 

Pongati zeylanica Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 381. 1891. 

Herbaceous plant 1 meter high or more; stem branching, from a thick cluster of 
roots, 1.5 cm. in diameter at the base; leaves mostly oblanceolate, thin, light green, 
9 cm. in length or less, tapering to a petiole 1 cm. long; flowers in terminal spikes, 
3 to 6 cm. long, the flower subtended by one bract and 2 bractlets (?), these broad, 
rhombic towards the apex; calyx 5-cleft, the lobes rounded, persistent and inclosing 
the mature fruit; corolla minute, whitish, 5-lobed; stamens 5, sessile in the sinuses 
with the corolla lobes alternating; anthers 2-locular, round, dehiscing longitudinally; 
ovary 2-celled, the style short, the stigmas 2; ovules very numerous on a spongy, 
central placenta; mature capsule circumscissile, about 3 mm. in diameter; seed 
oblong, minute, of a light brown color. 

The following North American specimens have been examined: 

Louisiana: Gueydan (in the rice fields), Pipes; Crowley, Aldrich; southwest Lou- 
isiana, Dodson; Markville, W. L. MecAtee. 

T have also seen specimens from the Lower Orinoco, collected by Doctor Rusby and 
from Porto Rico, collected by Heller, by Underwood and Griggs, and by Sintenis. 

Recent authors do not seem to have taken cognizance of this weed, although it was 
already established in Louisiana and other Southern States in Doctor Gray’s time. 
This author gave an account of the plant in the Synoptical Flora of North America.‘ 


1Consp. Regn. Veg. 31. 1835, Tlustr. Ind. Bot. 2: 115. pl. 188. 1850. 
* Nat. Syst. ed. 2. 238. 1836. 421:10. 1886. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. 


PLATE 103. 


CAPERONIA PALUSTRIS ST. HIL. 


TIDESTROM—CAPERONIA PALUSTRIS IN THE SOUTHERN STATES. 307 


CAPERONIA PALUSTRIS. 


Caperonia palustris is another plant which has not been noticed 
very often, but in this country it appears to be of recent introduc- 
tion. It was described and illustrated by Martyn’ prior to 1737 
(probably in 1735 or 1736). Seeds were introduced into England in 
1731, when they were sent to the Chelsea Garden by Houstoun. lts 
first mention in literature, therefore, precedes the appearance of 
Linneus’s Hortus Cliffortianus (1737). Martyn’s description is suf- 
ficient for the identification of the plant; his illustration of it is 
unmistakably the species in question. The description given by 
Martyn reads: 


“ Ricinoides palustre, foliis oblongis serratis; fructu hispido. Houstoun. 

“Caulis huic viridis, pilis albicantibus hirsutus, striatus, concavus, foliis vestitus 
oblongis, serratis, quatuor uncias longis, tres uncias latis, & nervis donatis conspicuis, 
a costa media ad latera tendentibus, & in serris foliorum singulis desinentibus. Ex 
alis foliorum prodeunt pediculi, Flores masculinos longa serie gestantes, exiguos 
pentapetalos, candidos; infra quos conspiciuntur foemininii, quibus succedunt 
Fructus hispidi.”’ 

The plate is reproduced herewith to illustrate the excellent work 
which was done in the dawn of modern botany. According to recent 
authors? the species appears to inhabit Cuba, Haiti, Guadeloupe, 
Martinique, the territory from Mexico to Guiana, and tropical 
Africa. Its characters may be given as follows: 


Caperonia palustris St. Hil. Hist. Pl. Brés, 245. 1824. PiatE 103. 

Ricinoides palustre, foliis oblongis serratis fructu hispido. Mart. Hist. Pl. Rar. 173. 

pl. 88. 1728; DC. Prodr. 157: 755. 1866. 

Croton palustre L. Sp. Pl. 1004. 1753. 

Caperonia castanaefolia auct., not St. Hil. loc. cit. 

Androphoranthus glandulosus Karst. Fl, Columb. 2: 15. pl. 101. 1862. 

Plants annual, moneecious, of a light green aspect, about 50 cm. high; stem branch- 
ing, striate, more or less beset with whitish acicular hairs; leaves on petioles 1 cm. or 
more in length, varying in outline from oval to linear-lanceolate, prominently nerved, 
sharply serrate or serrulate, the blades somet imes 15 cm. in length, sparingly pilose; 
peduncles pubescent, sometimes glandular, axillary, about 10 cm. in length; flowers 
remotely spicate, the staminate uppermost, bracted; bracts ovate, about 1 mm. 
long; staminate flowers minute; sepals 5, ovate-acute, 2 mm. long; petals obovate, 
clawed, slightly exceeding the calyx; stamens 10 or less in number, included; pistil- 
late flowers somewhat larger; calyx cleft nearly to the base; lobes unequal, glandular- 
ciliate; petals minute or none; ovary sessile, 3-locular; styles short, cleft into numer- 
ous filiform lobes; mature capsule hispid with glandular hairs, 1 cm. or less in diameter; 
seeds subglobose (1 in each cell), about $3 mm. in diameter, minutely alveolate, of a 
light brown color. 

The only North American specimens seen are from Gueydan, Louisiana.’ 

EXPLANATION oF PLATE 103.—Reproduction of Martyn’s plate 38, as cited. 


1 Hist. Pl. Rar. 38. pl. 38. The title page of Martyn’s work bears the date of 1728, 
the time when the first fascicle was published. 
2 Urban, Symb. Antiil. 4: 344. 1903. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16, Part 14. 


FRONTISPIECE. 


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Map OF LOWER CALIFORNIA, SHOWING THE ROUTE OF THE EXPEDITION. 


PLANT RECORDS OF AN EXPEDITION TO LOWER 
CALIFORNIA. 


By Epwarp A. GOLDMAN. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The list which is here published is based on a collection of plants 
made by Mr. E. W. Nelson and the author in the course of general 
exploration in the service of the Bureau of Biological Survey of the 
United States Department of Agriculture. The expedition upon 
which the collection was obtained occupied the period from April, 
1905, to February, 1906, during which the entire length of Lower 
California was traversed. Lack of time and of transportation facili- 
ties limited our collection to the more conspicuous and important 
species, mainly trees and shrubs. Herbarium specimens gathered by 
others and published records have been used to some extent, but no 
effort has been made to complete the list of Peninsular species, which 
would necessarily be very long, owing to diversified conditions of cli- 
mate and topography. The larger and economically more important 
native species are included as far as possible, the entries being accom- 
panied by data of collection and distribution. 

Although botanical collecting in Lower California began with the 
visit of H. M. S. Sulphur in 1839, comparatively little was known of 
the flora of the Peninsula until Dr. Edward Palmer visited the coast 
in 1887. 'T.S. Brandegee, landing at Magdalena Bay two years later, 
took up the work and prosecuted it at intervals in the field and in the 
herbarium during more than 13 years, greatly advancing our knowl- 
edge of the Peninsula flora, especially of the interior. The investi- 
gations of the various collectors have been largely restricted to par- 
ticular areas which, owing to accessibility, have been repeatedly 
revisited, while much of the mountainous interior, especially of the 
central section, remains entirely unknown. The work of Brandegee 
was centered in the Cape District from Magdalena Bay southward, 
including the Victoria Mountains, but he made an overland journey 
from Magdalena Bay to San Quintin and visited the high mountains 
of the northern part of the Peninsula. The other principal collect- 
ors—R. B. Hinds, of H. M. S. Sulphur; L. J. Xantus, Dr. J. A. Veatch, 

309 


310 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Dr. Edward Palmer, Lieut. C. F. Pond, and Dr. J. N. Rose—have 
confined their attention mainly to thé coasts. Several important 
mountain ranges along the backbone of the Peninsula—the Sierra de 
Calamahué, Sierra de Santa Lucfa, Sierra de San Francisco, and the 
Sierra de la Giganta—remain unexplored, and they doubtless bear on 
their upper slopes many new and interesting plants. New light on 
distribution is also to be expected, as a number of species now known 
only from near the summits of the Victoria Mountains will probably 
be found to range farther north in the Sierra de la Giganta. 

Lower California was not included in the botanical treatment of 
Mexico in the Biologia Centrali-Americana and has been given no 
place in any general flora of North America, except the as yet incom- 
plete North American Flora. The most important papers dealing 
with the flora of the Peninsula are those published by Brandegee, 
mainly in the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences and 
Zoe; by Bentham in the Botany of the Voyage of the Sulphur; and, 
as scattered articles, by Rose, Gray, Watson, Greene, and Hitchcock 
and Chase. 

The flora of the Peninsula is readily separable into two main divi- 
sions: One, identical with that of southern California, which entering 
from the north occupies the northwest coast and the Sierra del Pinal 
and San Pedro Mértir mountain regions, comprising species which 
disappear rapidly to the southward, a few reappearing on the summits 
of the high mountains in the Cape District south of La Paz; the other, 
a more austral flora, derived from or related to that of the adjacent 
mainland coast of Mexico, occupying the entire southern part of the 
Peninsula except the summits of the higher mountains and extending 
northward in a narrowing strip east of the San Pedro Martir Moun- 
tains. Brandegee* states that the greatest change in the flora takes 
place in about latitude 28°. While a rough division may be made in 
the vicinity of this parallel, many austral species reach much farther 
northward along the coast of the Gulf of California. 

The region as a whole is of unusual interest, owing in part to its 
configuration and to the inclusion within its borders of these widely 
differing floral areas. The higher mountains are crowned by familiar 
appearing forests of oak and pine. In the more arid desert sections 
a number of species in adapting themselves to their environment 
have developed into monstrous forms which so prevail as to give the 
landscape an aspect of unreality. Several remarkable genera seem 
to be peculiar to the Peninsula and numerous species belonging to 
genera ranging widely in tropical America are here rather narrowly 
restricted in range. 


* Southern Extension of California Flora. Yoe 4: 199-210. 1893. 


GOLDMAN——PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 811 


The subjoined list includes 3 species described in the present paper 
and 19 already described from material collected by this expedition: 


Page. 
Agave nelsoni Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 61. pl. 65-67. 1911. Type from 
San Fernando............2-2- 222 ee ee eee eee eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 318 
Agave cerulata Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 55. pl. 45-47. 1911. Type 
from Calmallf.............---- 2-2-2202 ee eee eee ee eee eee eee ee 318 
Agave promontorii Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 50. pl. 85-37. 1911. Type 
from Sierra de la Laguna........--..-2.- 22-02-22 202 eee ee eee eee eee eee 318 
Agave vexans Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 62. pl. 70-72. 1911. Type from 
near El Potrero, about 30 miles southwest of Mulegé..................++ 319 
Agave goldmaniana Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 49. pl. 29-31. 1911. Type 
from Yubay.....--.--------- 2-2-2 e eee eee eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 319 
Quercus brandegei sp. nov. Type from Rancho El Paraiso, at northwest 
base of Victoria Mountains............-------- 2-2-0 eee eee eee eee cence eee 321 
Quercus idonea sp. nov. Type from near Rancho San Bernardo, 13 miles 
west of Miraflores, southern slope of Victoria Mountains...............-..- 321 
Quercus devia sp. nov. Type from near La Chuparosa, a spring at 1,500 
meters altitude in Sierra de Ja Laguna.........-.---------- 2-0-2222 e eee 322 
Cassia goldmani Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 10: 98. 1906. Type from 
near El Potrero, about 30 miles southwest of Mulegé......--.----------- 335 
Brongniartia peninsularis Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 268. 1909. 
Type from near El Potrero, about 30 miles southwest of Mulegé........-.- 337 
Elaphrium epinnatum Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 243. 1911. Type from Cape 
San Lucas.......-.--- 2-2. + 2-222 eee eee eee ee ee eee erence eee 339 
Elaphrium goldmani Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 256.1911. Type irom between 
Matancita and La Cruz.......----------- 2-20 ee eee eee eee eee ee ee eee ee 340 
Manihot chlorosticta Standl. & Goldm. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 18: 375.1911. 
Type from San José del Cabo... .....----2----- 2+ +222 eee eee eee seer tenes 343 


Schmaltzia ribifolia Greene, Leaflets 2: 156. 1911. Type from San Matias 
Pass (altitude 1,140 meters) at north end of San Pedro M&rtir Mountains... 345 
Ceanothus goldmanii Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 284.1909. Type 


from La Huerta, at west base of Sierra del Pinal...........-.------------- 347 
Ceanothus submontanus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 284. 1909. 
Type from near Alamo.......-.------ +--+ -+2-- 2222s cece renee eee e eens 347 


Arbutus peninsularis Rose & Goldm. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 13: 312. 
1911. Type from near La Chuparosa (altitude 1,350 meters), Sierra de la 


Laguna.......--- 2-2-2222 eee eee eee eee ee eter eee eee eens 358 
Mesosphaerum insulare Standl. & Goldm. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 13: 375. 

1911. Type from Espiritu Santo Island....-..........------------------- 362 
Franseria carduacea Greene, Leaflets 2: 156. 1911. Type from Tinaja de 

Santana, 35 miles north of San Ignacio...............-----------+--------- 369 
Porophyllum confertum Greene, Leaflets 2: 155. 1911. Type from Cerralvo 

Island .........----- 2-2-2 eee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee 370 
Senecio goldmanii Greene, Leaflets 2: 156. 1911. Type from Rosarito, near 

the west coast....--.--.2-2..---- 2-2-2 ee ee ee eee eee eee 370 
Viguiera chenopodina Greene, Leaflets 2: 154. 1911. Type from between 

Santo Domingo and -Matancita...............0.- 2-2 e eee nee eee eee eee eee 371 


For aid in the determination of species, I am especially indebted 
to Mr. T. S. Brandegee, the well-known authority on the botany of 
the region, his special field of study. Others who have given the 


812 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


benefit of their knowledge of special groups are Dr. J. N. Rose, Mrs. 
Katherine Brandegee, Mr. Frederick V. Coville, Dr. William Tre- 
lease, Mr. George R. Shaw, Mr. Paul ©. Standley, Mr. O. F. Cook, 
Mr. Carleton R. Ball, Dr. E. L. Greene, and Miss Alice Eastwood. 


ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES. 
ROCCELLACEAE. Orchilla Family. 


Rocella sp. ORCHILLA. 

The native name of this lichen is “‘orchilla.”” It was formerly the source of a large 
and profitable industry in the vicinity of Magdalena Bay, on the west coast of the 
Peninsula. It was shipped to England, where from the raw material fast dyes of 
several colors were extracted. When cheaper aniline dyes came into general use, 
however, the business became unprofitable. A recent demand for vegetable dyes 
may result in a revival of the industry. The plant seems to be confined mainly to 
a narrow strip of shore line, extending from near Magdalena Bay north for about 150 
miles, Orchilla grows in thick drooping, mosslike fringes along the branches of desert 
shrubs and trees near the coast. 


PINACEAE. Pine Family. 


Abies concolor (Gord.) Parry. WHITE FIR. 
Occurs rather sparingly on the cooler slopes above 2,250 meters in the San Pedro 
Martir Mountains. Collected at Vallecitos, July 15. 


Cupressus guadalupensis S. Wats.(?). GUADALUPE CYPRESS. 

A single cypress tree was found by us in a notch at about 2,700 meters altitude 
on the crest of the San Pedro Martir Mountains several miles east of Vallecitos, July 
15, and from it a branch bearing ripe cones was collected. From near the spot, which 
was reached on horseback, we had a splendid view of Santa Catalina Peak, the high- 
est of the San Pedro Martir Mountains, across a canyon to the southeast, and at our 
fect the east slope of the range broke away abruptly to the desert over 2,100 meters 
below. 

In the absence of specimens for comparison we assume ours to be the same as a 
species collected in the San Pedro Martir Mountains by Townsend and Anthony, 
regarded by Dr. C. 8. Sargent as somewhat different from the type of guadalupensis, 
but not separable from it.! | It seems very unlike C, goveniana, a widely ranging 
species, which approaches the Lower California boundary, and may prove to differ 
from guadalupensis, which grows abundantly at lower elevations on the more humid, 
fog-enshrouded slopes of Guadalupe Island. 


Juniperus californica Carr. CALIFORNIA JUNIPER. CEDRO. 

Abundant over many slopes along our route, beginning at about 450 meters alti- 
tude a few miles east of Ensenada, thence up through San Rafael Valley to the sum- 
mit of the Sierra del Pinal. It was also noted near El Alamo and in Trinidad V. alley, 
and farther south at 990 meters along the road from Rancho Santo Tomés to San 
Antonio, on the west slope of the San Pedro Martir Mountains. <A specimen in fruit 
was collected east of Ensenada, May 31. Brandegee records the species as far south 
on the peninsula as Agua Dulce. 

Specimens in the U. S. National Herbarium taken on Cedros Island by Dr. Edward 
Palmer and by A. W. Anthony, determined as Juniperus cedrosiana Kellogg, 


*Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 216. 1889, 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. 


PLATE 104. 


B. PINUS CONTORTA DouGL., SAN PEDRO MARTIR MOUNTAINS. 


UNTAINS. 


ie) 


N PEDRO MARTIR M 


SA 


RENS TORR., 


US DECUR 


A. LIBOCEDRI 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 105. 


A. PINUS JEFFREY! OREG. Com., SAN PEDRO MARTIR MOUNTAINS. 


B. PINUS LAMBERTIANA DOUGL. AND P, JEFFREYI, SAN PEORO MARTIR MOUNTAINS, 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 813 


appear like herbarium specimens of J. californica. Dr. J. A. Veatch, the collector 
of the type material of J. cedrosiana, says: ‘‘This juniper grows rather abundantly 
in some localities on Cerros [Cedros] Island. It is found most abundant about the 
middle of the island, on the eastern side, in deep ravines, usually at an elevation of 
600 or 700 feet above the sea.”’ 

It is worthy of note that in the remarks accompanying the original description of 
J. cedrosiana mention is made of specimens previously collected by Doctor Veatch in 
the hills along the west side of the San Joaquin Valley in California and supposed to 
represent the same species. This supposition seems confirmed by later investiga- 
tions. The name “Cedros” usually applied to the island seems to be derived from 
the Spanish word ‘‘cedro,’’ commonly used by the Mexicans as the name for trees of 
this group. 


Libocedrus decurrens Torr. INCENSE CEDAR. PLATE 104, A. 

Moderately common, mainly on the cooler slopes at 2,100 to 2,400 meters altitude 
near La Grulla and Vallecitos in the San Pedro Martir Mountains. A specimen with 
immature fruit was taken at La Grulla, July 20. It also occurs sparingly on the Sierra 
del Pinal. 


Pinus jeffreyi Oreg. Com. JEFFREY YELLOW PINE. PLATE 105, A, B. 

Pines of the ponderosa type grow as a more or less continuous forest in the Transition 
Zone along the western side of the Pinal and San Pedro Martir Mountains, extending 
from varying elevations between 1,200 and 1,800 meters (this lower limit depending on 
moisture and slope exposure), up to the summit of the range. In spite of poor soil 
these pines grow in places to large size and are by far the most important forest trees 
of the region. Some timber has been sawed in the Sierra del Pinal, but the rugged 
character of the San Pedro Martir Mountains makes lumbering operations difficult. 
Having the somewhat uncertain status of jeffreyi in mind, we were anxious to discover 
whether more than one pine of the ponderosa type occurs in these mountains. Cursory 
examination, in the field seemed to show a wide range of variation irrespective of 
altitude and we came to no satisfactory conclusion, possibly because we were unaware 
of some of the distinguishing characteristics of the two forms. We found trees with 
large and with small cones standing in close proximity and by this character alone 
easily separable. But other trees were seen with cones so nearly intermediate in size 
that we abandoned this character as unreliable. A study of these pines may demon- 
strate the occurrence of two forms, as in southern California. Our specimens col- 
lected at Vallecitos were referred to jeffreyi by George R. Shaw. 


Pinus lambertiana Dougl. SUGAR PINE. PLATE 105, B. 

The sugar pine, like the lodgepole pine, is known from Mexico only in the San 
Pedro M&rtir Mountains. It was noted by us in the upper part of the Transition 
Zone, mainly on northern exposures above 2,250 meters, near La Grulla and Valle- 
‘ citos, and thence upward to near the summit of the range. It occurs rather sparingly 
and is associated here with the yellow pine and white fir. A specimen taken at 
Vallecitos was determined for us by Mr. Shaw. 


Pinus coulteri Lambert. COULTER PINE. 
This pine occurs mixed with the Jeffrey yellow pine on the top of the Sierra del 
Pinal. It is not known from the San Pedro Martir Mountains, 


Pinus cembroides Zuce. MEXICAN PINYON. 
The pinyons, or nut pines, are restricted in Lower California to the higher moun- 
tains in the northern and extreme southern parts of the Peninsula. According to 


+ Hesperian 4: 4. 1860. 


314 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


the determinations of Mr. Shaw, typical P. cembroides is widely distributed on the 
Mexican mainland, but is known on the Peninsula only from the Sierra de la Laguna,! 
which it therefore must have reached from the opposite side of the Gulf of California. 
In these mountains we found it growing abundantly in the Upper Sonoran Zone 
above about 1,500 meters elevation, usually taking the form of a much branched, 
widely spreading tree 9 to 18 meters in height and 30 to 60 cm. in diameter at base. 
A specimen was taken at La Laguna, near the summit of the mountains, January 26, 
The species had previously been collected by Brandegee in the same vicinity. 


Pinus edulis Engelm. PINYON, 

A nut pine collected by us at 1,800 meters altitude near Rancho Santo Tomas, on 
the west slope of the San Pedro Mértir mountains has been referred by Mr. Shaw to 
edulis, 


Pinus quadrifolia Parl. PARRY PINYON, 

This is the abundant species of pinyon on the western and northern slopes of the 
San Pedro Martir mountains and extends southward along the Rosarito Divide to 
the cliffs about Matomi, the extreme southern limit of the conifers in this range. 
On the northwestern basal slopes of the San Pedro Mértir mountains and outlying 
foothills considerable forests of these pinyons occur. This is the main nut pine of 
the Indians, one of whose old camp sites we found at Piién. 

The distribution of the pinyons, or nut pines, in northern Lower California is imper- 
fectly known. Whether two or more forms occur together or have separate and well- 
defined ranges was not determined by us. The pinyon taken at Hanson Laguna 
has been referred by Mr. Shaw to P. parryana. None were seen in the coast region 
near Ensenada, but on the Sierra del Pinal they form a scattered growth over the 
western slopes above about 1,620 meters altitude and down to 1,350 meters on the 
east slope. A few were also seen on the rocky, rolling plains 15 miles east of El Alamo 
and at San Matfas Spring. Pinyons were noted at a number of localities along the 
western side of the San Pedro Miartir mountains, where they apparently extend 
rather sparingly in a horizontal belt, reaching from about 990 to 1,500 meters (depend- 
ing upon the slope exposure) and up to about 1,950 meters along the open ridges. 
They extend through San Matfas Pass and along the north side of Windy Canyon; 
on the east slope of the mountains a few were noted as low as 900 meters altitude, 
From this low elevation on the east side'a few scattering individuals range up to 
2,700 meters on the warm, dry slopes facing the Gulf of California and unaffected 
by the cooler, more humid climate of the west slope. 


Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frem. SINGLE-LEAF PINYON, 

Edmund Heller reported this from the east slope of the Sierra del Pinal, east of 
Laguna Hanson, below 1,350 meters. Further work will probably show that it has 
a much more extended range in this region. 


Pinus contorta Doug. LONGPOLE PINE. PLATE 104, B. 

Not known to occur in Mexico except on the upper slopes of the San Pedro Martir 
mountains. It grows on the western side above about 2,400 meters altitude and is 
one of the few forest trees representing the Canadian Zone in these mountains. At 
Vallecitos, where specimens were taken, we found it the most common pine border- 
ing open-mountain meadows. On the rough slopes it is associated with the yellow 
pine. The tree attains a height here of 22 to 30 meters or more, with straight stem 


* Sierra de la Laguna is the name of the high northern section of the Victoria Moun- 
tains, 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA, 815 


and rather long, narrow, tapering crown. Thisis the pine which has commonly passed 
under the name murrayana, but late authors, such as Sudworth ! and Shaw ? apply 
the name contorta. 


GNETACEAE. Joint-fir Family. 


Ephedra californica S. Wats. 

Abundant near the Pacific coast at Ensenada, in San Rafael and Trinidad valleys, 
and up along sandy arroyos on the warmer slopes to about 1,560 meters on the west 
side of the Pinal and San Pedro Martir mountains, Over parts of the bottoms of San 
Rafael and Trinidad valleys it is the principal shrub. Specimens were obtained in 
flower at Ensenada, February 28, in fruit at La Huerta, June 2, and lacking flowers 
or fruit in Trinidad Valley, July 4. This species appears to occupy the Pacific slope 
of the San Pedro MArtir mountain region, while LZ. trifurca extends southward in the 
delta of the Colorado River. 


Ephedra trifurca Torr . 

Noted near Volcano Lake, along the basal slopes of the Cocopah mountains, and 
at other localities on the Colorado Desert. Plants of the genus were seen along much 
of our route through the desert as far south in the Peninsula as Rosarito, but as no speci- 
mens were obtained south of the San Pedro Martir mountain region the specific identity 
of the southern plants is uncertain. It seems probable, however, that trifurca extends 
for a considerable distance southward along the Gulf of California, leaving the moun- 
tain slopes, especially on the Pacific side, occupied by LE. californica. 


POACEAE. Grass Family. 


Conchrus palmeri Vasey. HUITSAPOL GORDO, 

The ‘‘huitsapol gordo,’’ as it is known, at least in the vicinity of Matancita, is a 
burgrass growing abundantly on sandy deserts nearly throughout the Peninsula. ‘The 
large, well armed burs of this species place it in the long list of desert plants to be 
avoided. Specimens with fully grown and ripening burs were taken at San lelipe 
on the Gulf of California, June 20, and with partly grown burs along the road from 
Santo Domingo to Matancita near the Pacific coast, November 15. 


PHOENICACEAE. Palm Family. 


Cocus nucifera L. CocoNUT PALM. 

The coconut palm has been introduced in a few places in the Cape District from 
La Paz southward. Small groves occurat La Paz, Cape San Lucas, and San José del 
Cabo. 


Erythea brandegeei Purpus. BRANDEGEE PALM, 

This is the tall species growing abundantly, especially in the canyons, on the mid- 
dle and upper slopes of the Sierra de la Laguna, south of La Paz, where it is often 
associated with Populus monticola. Brandegee states that the leaves generally fall 
away, leaving hard, smooth trunks which may reach a height of 37 meters, though 
less than 60 cm. in diameter at the base, and which, lacking the stiffness of other 
species of the genus, wave with the wind. 


1 For. Trees Pac. Slope 49. 1908. 2 Publ. Arn. Arb. 1:29. 1909. 


316 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


Glaucothea armata (S. Wats.) Cook. BLUE PALM. Prates 106, 107, A. 

Brandegee states that this species is abundant in northern Lower California, growing 
in canyons or along the sandy bottoms of dry streams in the foothills on both eastern 
and western slopes of the mountains. He records it from ‘‘San Esteban and north- 
ward.’ <A blue-leaved palm collected at Yubay may be referable to armata. The 
palms of Lower California are very imperfectly known. 


Phoenix dactylifera L. DATE PALM. PLATE 107, B. 

The common date palm, introduced many years ago in southern Lower California, 
is thriving in many places. About the towns of San Ignacio, Comandt, and San 
José del Cabo there are extensive groves, which produce good crops of the fruit with- 
outany care. Smaller groves grow in the moist, saline soil about some long-abandoned. 
water holes at San Angel, in the southern part of the Vizcaino Desert, about 40 miles 
west of San Ignacio. At this place, in their desert setting of shifting sand dunes, the 
palms suggest an oasis of the Sahara. 


Washingtonia filifera Wendl. 

The palms commonly referred to the genus Washingtonia (or Neowashingtonia) are 
very imperfectly known. One or more species are represented at isolated localities 
extending in a chain, mainly along the eastern side of the Peninsula, from near the 
international boundary to the Cape. Several names are based on plants raised from 
seed of uncertain origin. According to Brandegee many palms of this species now 
cultivated in California probably came from seed collected along the western edge of 
the Colorado Desert, and in Cantillas Canyon, a locality in Lower California, just 
below the boundary near Campo. Mr. O. F'. Cook, who has devoted much study to 
American palms in general, suggests that W. filifera may have been carried by some 
of the early travelers from the Cape District of the Peninsula. Mr. 8. B. Parish in 
“A contribution toward a knowledge of the genus Washingtonia” ! arrives at no 
definite conclusion. . 


Washingtonia gracilis Parish. 

This form was described from cultivated trees growing in San Bernardino and Riv- 
erside, California. Parish states that it is probably indigenous in northern Lower 
California. The characters he gives to distinguish it from W. filifera and its varieties 
are the more slender trunk and smaller, less deeply divided leaves, without filaments 
and on shorter petioles. In the northeastern part of the Peninsula the palms are of 
rather slender growth, as shown by photographs by Edmund Heller taken in Agua 
Caliente Canyon and by my own photographs and specimens from farther south, and 
if not W. filifera they may represent this species. In this region they grow mainly 
along the rocky sides of watercourses. 


Washingtonia sonorae S. Wats. SONORA PALM, 

Under this name Brandegee records the large palm which grows along the coast in 
parts of the Cape District from La Paz southward. On account of an apparent prefer- 
ence for the low elevations in the vicinity of the seashore he regards it as a more 
suitable species than W. jilifera for cultivation near the coast of California. Washing- 
tonia sonorae was described from specimens collected near Guaymas by Palmer, and 
Watson assigned to this species specimens taken by the same collector at La Paz, 
Lower California. Brandegee suggests that the species may extend northward along 
the Gulf of California to the region about the mouth of the Colorado River. This 
seems very doubtful, as we found no palms of any kind at the localities visited on the 
coast near the upper end of the Gulf. 


‘Bot. Gaz. 44: 408-434. 1907, 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 106. 


GLAUCOTHEA ARMATA (S. WATS.) Cook, JARAGUAY. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 107. 


B. PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L., SAN ANGEL. 


PLaTe 108, 


"WALA DY 
TNT TOY 


Vv 


7 30 vHHaIS " 


Plate 109. 


Fe ad 
~ —_ — 


ELOVIT S. WATS., YUBAY. 


=] 


NOLINA BI 


Contr, Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 110. 


Ts | 


YUCCA VALIDA T. S. BRANDEG., SANTA ROSALIA Bay. 


GOLDMAN——-PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA, 817 


BROMELIACEAE. Pineapple Family. 


Hechtia montana T. 8. Brandeg. 

First noted by us at about 450 meters altitude on a mountain’5 or 6 miles south- 
west of El Potrero, where a fruiting specimen was taken October 31. It was after- 
wards seen at intervals along our route and was most abundant in places on the 
basal slopes of the Victoria Mountains in the Cape District south of La Paz. 


DRACAENACEAE. Yucca Family. 


Hesperoyucca whipplei (Torr.) Baker. WHIPPLE YUCCA. 

This Yucca is common on open slopes above about 1,440 meters altitude in the 
Sierra del Pinal. A few were found in flower and a specimen taken June 7, at about 
1,680 meters on the west slope just below the summit of one of the higher peaks near 
Laguna Hanson. 

Fruiting specimens of Hesperoyucca from Jaraguéy, 58 miles southeast of San 
Fernando, are doubtfully referred to this species by Trelease. In a letter he states 
that the leaves are broader than usual, with watered-silk marking, and that the speci- 
meng extend the known range of the genus southward from the northern part of the 
Peninsula. As they represent a species 2.5 to 3.5 meters high growing abundantly in 
an extremely arid, Lower Sonoran desert region (the character of country avoided 
by whipplei farther north), their identity with the present species would seem well 
questioned. A Hesperoyucca occurs also on the desert near San Fernando. 


Nolina beldingi T. 8. Brandeg. BEARGRASS. PLATE 108. 

Abundant in many places in the oak forest from about 1,300 meters altitude to the 
summit of the Sierra de la Laguna.! It is a large, conspicuous, branching species, 
attaining a height of 7.5 meters. At the time of our visit most of the ripe seeds had 
fallen, but a specimen retaining a few was taken at La Laguna, January 27. 


Nolina palmeri 8. Wats. BEARGRASS. 
The genus Nolina was noted in only a few places along our route. Nolina palmeri 
was abundant at about 900 meters in the canyon leading from San Matias Spring 
down into San Matias Pass, and above 840 meters along the open bottom and sides of 
Windy Canyon on the east slope of the San Pedro Martir Mountains. It grew to a 
height of 3 to 3.5 meters. A specimen in flower was taken near San Matias Pass, 
June 28. Trelease ? gives the type locality of this species as Tantillas Mountains 
and assigns it a range overlapping those of N. bigelovii and N. beldingi deserticola. 


Nolina bigelovii 8S. Wats. BEARGRASS. PLATE 109. 

This species was noted at about 540 meters elevation on a rocky mesa near Jara- 
gudy, 58 miles southeast of San Fernando, where it was collected in fruit September 
9. Only a few plants were seen there growing among large bowlders. ‘The leaves 
are about 120 cm. long and the flower stalk 1.8 to 3 meters high. 


Yucca valida T. 8. Brandeg. TREE yucca. PLatTE 110, 

Yuccas were abundant at intervals along much of our route throughout the Penin- 
sula, except in the high mountains, but too few specimens were collected to throw 
much light on the number or distribution of species. Specimens taken at 600 meters 
near Yubay and at about the same elevation on the southern slope of the Victoria 
Mountains have been referred to this species by Trelease. The localities represented 


*See footnote, p. 314. 
?'The Desert Group Nolineae. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 420, 1911. 


5196°—16——2 


318 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


give Y. valida a range in the Peninsula from near Cape San Lucas northward to about 
latitude 29° 30’, and it probably reaches still farther. It is a tree species, growing 
in the vicinity of Yubay and southward to a height of 6 to 7.5 meters, in places form- 
ing a real forest. At Yubay the fruit was ripening September 18. Brandegee, who 
discovered and described the species, says: ‘This Yucca is certainly distinct from 
Y’. baccata' and does not seem referable to any of its Mexican varieties. It does not 
begin to bloom until about the middle of May, when Y: baccata to the north of it 
has already nearly mature fruit. It was observed from San Jorge to San Borgia [San 
Borja], and near Patrocinio formed forests miles in extent; the trees in general appear- 
ance strikingly like Y. brevifolia, though the trunks were much less covered with old 
reflexed leaves.” 


AMARYLLIDACEAE. Amaryllis Family. 


Agave nelsoni Trel.’ PLATE 111, D. 

This Agave, remarkable for the shortness and breadth of its leaves, was first seen 
and collected in flower at San Fernando, September 4. It was noted as abundant 
along the road from Pozo San Augustin to Onyx and a species supposed to be the 
same was seen in a number of places along the backbone of the Peninsula southward 
to near Yubay. The leaves in this species are 25 to 30 cm. in length and overlap 
for about half of this distance. The leaf margins are often nearly smooth, or the 
thorns inconspicuous and falling off almost at a touch. The flower stem is 3 to 7.5 
meters in height. Under the name shawii Brandegee records this species as very 
abundant between Rosario and San Quintin. 


Agave pringlei Orcutt. 

This Agave belongs to the pinyon and lower part of the yellow pine forest on the 
slopes of the Sierra del Pinal and San Pedro Mf4rtir mountains. It is a small species 
with short and rather narrow leaves, the flowers in dense clusters on 10 or 12 short stalks 
near the top of the main stem. 


Agave cerulata Trel.’ 

The type specimens of this Agave were collected in flower at about 240 meters 
altitude at Calmallf, and a species we took to be the same was abundant on rocky, 
rolling plains, and rocky slopes of hills from Calmallf south to San Ignacio. The 
leaves are not numerous; the flower stem averages 3 to 3.5 meters in height, 


Agave consociata Trel. 

We found this Agave rather common in places at about 1,110 meters altitude on 
the Alamo Plain, where it was ccllected June 11. The leaves were 30 to 50 in num- 
ber and the flower stalks 1.8 to 3.5 meters high. The type was collected by Parish 
at San Felipe, California. The species seems to range southward from the basal 
slopes of the mountains of the southeastern part of that State to the desert mountains 
of northern Lower California. Trelease records specimens collected by Mearns near 
the international boundary in Nachoguero Valley and by MacDougal in the Cocopah 
Mountains. 


Agave promontorii Trel.? PLATE 111, B. 
This large Agave, recently described, was found growing rather sparingly at 720 to 
1,500 meters altitude on the warmer slopes of the Victoria Mountains, in the Cape Dis- 


‘The plant here referred to as Yucca baccata is of some other species. 
2 See p. 311, 


PLATE 111. 


at. Herb,, Vol. 16. 


Contr. h 


‘OONWNYS4 NVS ‘TSH, INOSTSN "VW ‘GQ ‘OuNSHLOd 
NVS “TSYL VNVINVWO109 'Y ‘W i3AV9Y SO S31I03dS YNOF 


49 TSU L SNVXSA "YW 'O {VINOLOIA W130 VHN3IS “131 HYOLNOWOUd “Y “@ !SZYONV 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 319 


trict south of La Paz. A flowering specimen was collected along the road from San 
Bernardo to El Satz, January 21. The broad leaves are about a meter in length and 
closely beset with stout pines. The flower stalks vary from 3.5 to 7 meters in height. 


Agave aurea T. 8. Brandeg. 

We first noticed and collected this handsome Agave on the lava-capped mesa a 
few miles north of Comandt, where it at once attracted our attention by its large size 
and showy flowers. The leaves, 25 to 30 in number, are 90 to 120 cm. in length, and 
the flower stems range from 1.8 to 3 metersin height. It is an abundant species at 
180 to 360 meters altitude in the vicinity of Comandt, but was not noted elsewhere. 
It is unevenly distributed, growing in patches usually a few acres in extent, where 
the soil is thickest or where the loose lava bowlders are least numerous on the surface. 
At Comandti we were told that some years previously a company had been organized 
with a view to extracting the fiber on a commercial scale, but that the venture failed 
before thorough tests had been made. It seemed to us that unless the plant grows 
in greater abundance elsewhere than here the field for such an enterprise would be 
small. 


Agave vexans Trel.* PLATE 111, C. 

Five or six miles southwest of El Potrero this recently described species grew 
sparingly on a steep mountain side leading up from about 300 meters altitude to 720 
meters on the summit of a ridge forming here the backbone of the Peninsula. It is 
distinguished from the other species noted in the general region by its small size and 
by the slenderness of the leaves. The fruit stalks stand 1.2 to 1.8 meters high. On 
October 31, when our specimen was taken, the ripe seeds were falling from the cap- 
sules at every jar. 


Agave goldmaniana Trel.* PLATE 111, A. 

This large and conspicuous species is abundant in many places along the Pacific 
slope of the Peninsula from near San Telmo southward to Santo Domingo. The 
flower stalks reach a height of 4.5 to 6 meters. The leaves, for several feet upward 
from the base of the stem, form a mass which appears to become top-heavy, causing 
the plants to assume a somewhat reclining position unlike any other Agave we had 
ever seen. In some sections these plants formed forests over considerable areas. 
The species was described from specimens with ripe fruit collected by us near Yubay, 
September 18. 


SALICACEAE. Willow Family. 


Populus tremuloides Michx. QUAKING ASPEN. 

Quaking aspens were found sparingly, mainly along north slopes in canyons above 
2,100 meters altitude in the vicinity of La Grulla and Vallecitos, in the San Pedro 
MArtir mountains. The species belongs to the Canadian Zone, but reaches down- 
ward along cold streams well into the Transition Zone. 


Populus monticola T. 8. Brandeg. Hvrgico. 

The cottonwood, locally known as “huirigo,’”’ is common along canyons at about 
660 to 1,650 meters in the Sierra de la Laguna. It is a handsome species, growing 
15 to 22 meters high and 60 to 90 cm. in diameter, the bark often smooth and white, 
much like that of an aspen. In the lower part of its vertical range it is associated 
with the tall slender palm, Erythea brandegeei. A specimen with leaves was collected 
along the road from Rancho San Bernardo to El Satiz. On the sugar plantation of 


1 See p. 311. 


820 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


San José del Cabo loaves of raw sugar, called “panocha,’’ are made by pouring hot 
sirup in molds cut in slabs of huirigo timber. This well marked species of Populus 
was described by Brandegee from the Sierra de la Laguna and is not known to occur 
elsewhere. 


Populus fremontii S. Wats. FREMONT COTTONWOOD. ALAMO, 

Rather common along arroyos at 1,350 to 1,500 meters along the boundary between 
the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones, near El Pifién on the northwest slope of 
the San Pedro Martir mountains. Populus trichocarpa also was found along one 
stream in the vicinity; but the two species were not associated in the same situations. 
At San José del Cabo, where it may have been introduced, we found P. Sremontti a 
common species, It grows here near sea level in the vicinity of the town and is 
known locally as “élamo.’’ A specimen collected January 6 was in flower. Bran- 
degee records the species as introduced at La Purfsima and Comandu, but perhaps 
indigenous at San Enrique. 


Populus macdougalii Rose. ALAMO. MACDOoUGAL COTTON Woop. 

This species has recently been recognized and described ! as distinct from the delta 
region of the Colorado River. The trees grow most abundantly in belts along the 
complicated series of ever shifting river channels. When we descended the river on 
the crest of the spring flood in 1905, the soft alluvial banks were being very rapidly 
undermined in places, involving the destruction of the cottonwood timber along the 
water. We often noted first a slight quivering of the topmost branches of tall trees, 
which then toppled and fell into the stream, one after another, and were swept away. 
Dense new growths of small cottonwoods, mixed with willows, spring up in old river 
channels which have filled and become blocked with silt. 


Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray. BLACK COTTONWOOD, 

At about 1,350 meters altitude, close along the course of a stream about 10 miles 
southwest of El Pifién, on the west side of the San Pedro MA4rtir mountains, we found 
this species abundant. It was not noted elsewhere. It forms here a rather small, 
but relatively tall, very straight tree with a long tapering spire. Compared with 
some specimens of trichocarpa from farther north the stems of this form seem more ; 
slender and the leaves smaller and more pointed. We have seen no other record 
of this species from Lower California. 


Salix lasiolepis Benth. AHUEJOTE. 

This willow was noted by us only along the banks of a small stream at 1,650 meters 
at La Laguna, near the summit of the Sierra de la Laguna. It appears to belong to 
the Upper Sonoran Zone, growing here as a tree 7.5 to 9 meters in height. Thenew 
leaves and flowers were coming out January 27, as shown by our specimen. The 
species is recorded by Brandegee from Rosario. 


Salix exigua Nutt. SANDBAR WILLOW. 

The only record obtained of this little willow was at Arroyo de Leén, on the north- 
west slope of the San Pedro Martir Mountains. Here, at an elevation of about 900 
meters, a few individuals were growing in a wet meadow along a small stream ag small 
shrubs 1.8 to 2.5 meters high. A flowering specimen was taken July 4. 


Salix bonplandiana Kunth. Satz. BoNPLAND WILLOW. 
This willow is moderately abundant along streams in the Cape District south of 
La Paz at elevations varying from near sea level up to at least 450 meters on the south- 


* Smiths. Mise. Coll. 61%: 1. 1913. 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 321 


ern slopes of the Victoria Mountains. It formsa tree 6 to 9 metersin height. Flower- 
ing specimens were taken along the road from E] Sacatén to Cape San Lucas, Decem- 
ber 29, and between Miraflores and Rancho San Bernardo, January 20. Brandegee 
records the species from La Purisima and La Paz. 


Salix taxifolia H. B. K. 

This handsome willow, with small, silvery gray leaves, was found sparingly in 
small marshy spots along a stream at about 1,050 meters along the road from Rancho 
San Bernardo to El Satiz on the southern slope of the Victoria Mountains in the Cape 
District. It grows to a height of 10 meters. The new leaves and abundant flowers 
were coming out January 21. 


FAGACEAE. Beech Family. 


Quercus brandegei Goldman, sp. nov. BRANDEGEE OAK. 

Tree 12 to 20 meters high; branches widely spreading, slender, and somewhat 
drooping toward ends; leaves persistent through winter, the blades 40 to 65 mm. 
long, 13 to 18 mm. broad, elliptical, normally acute at apex and cuneate at base, but 
sometimes slightly rounded at one or both ends, usually entire, but occasionally with 
1 to 6 short, irregularly distributed, spiny teeth, short-petioled, glabrous above, 
scurfy or slightly roughened beneath; fruits single or several on peduncles 14 to 34 
mm. long; acorns fusiform, 30 to 37 mm. long, 9 to 10 mm. in diameter, attenuate 
toward the apex, inclosed in a cup for one-fourth or less of their total length; cups 
deeply turbinate, 11 to 13 mm. high, the scales small, acute, grayish-tomentose, 
becoming brownish and appressed at tips. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 565544, collected at Rancho El Parajfso, 
18 miles southwest of El Triunfo, at northwest base of the Victoria Mountains, Lower 
California, altitude about 540 meters, January 30, 1906, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. 
Goldman (no. 7475). 

This oak evidently belongs to the Q. virginiana group and seems most like Small’s 
Q. fusiformis from Texas. The leaves are very similar, but the acorns present an 
extreme development of the tendency toward elongation and attenuation shown in 
fusiformis. After leaving the San Pedro Martir Mountains we saw no oaks until we 
entered the Victoria Mountains in the Cape District, where three species are appar- 
ently isolated from their congeners to the north by several hundred miles of inter- 
vening desert. Q. brandegei was first noted at about 150 to 450 meters near Mira- 
flores and later at about 540 meters near Rancho E] Paraiso at the northwest base of 
the Victoria Mountains on our way to El Triunfo. It is a handsome species, growing 
scattered along alluvial valley bottoms, the slender, drooping branches in places 
gracefully overhanging the arroyos and roads. At the time of our visit most of the 
acorns had very recently fallen, many of the empty cups still remaining in place. 
The ground under some trees was fairly covered with shell fragments left where small 
rodents had been at work. The species is named for Mr. T. 8. Brandegee, who 
collected flowering specimens at Miraflores, March 21, 1892. 


Quercus idonea Goldman, sp. nov. ENCINO ROBLE. 

Tree 8 to 10 meters high, the branches rather stout, moderately spreading, forming 
a symmetrical rounded top; leaves persistent through winter, the blades 85 to 115 
mm. long, 40 to 50 mm. in greatest width, oblong, acute or slightly obtuse or some- 
what rounded at base, entire or irregularly sinuous and spinescent, with rather short 
tomentose petioles, deep green and shining above, beneath duller and paler, with 
scattered stellate hairs; fruit sessile or with short peduncles; acorns ovoid, rather 
narrow at base, acute at apex, 20 to 25 mm. long, 8 to 10 mm. in diameter, inclosed 


822 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


in cups for about one-third their total length; involucres deep cup-shaped, 9 to 11 
mm. high, the scales hoary-tomentose, roughened or tuberculate on outer surface. 

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 565500, collected near Rancho San 
Bernardo, 13 miles west of Miraflores on the eastern slope of Victoria Mountains, 
Lower California, altitude about 600 meters, January 20, 1906, by E. W. Nelson and 
E. A. Goldman (no. 7423). 

This oak is similar to Quercus glaucoides Mart. & Gal., from Oaxaca, but the acorns 
are more elongate, the cup scales thicker, more tuberculate, and less acuminate at the 
tips; the leaves have longer, more densely tomentose petioles (leaves nearly sessile and 
smooth in glaucoides), and their lower surfaces are stellate-hairy (glabrous in glaucoides). 

On the lower slopes of the Victoria Mountains, mainly on the east side, this oak 
grows abundantly and is generally distributed at about 600 to 900 meters altitude. 
It is overlapped by the “‘encino negro” (Q. devia), which gradually becomes the 
dominant species, especially on north slopes, and replaces it entirely in the Upper 
Sonoran Zone above about 1,500 meters on the south side of the Sierra de la Laguna. 
At the time of our visit the ripe acorns had recently fallen in abundance, but a few 
still remained in the cups. 


Quercus devia Goldman, sp. nov. ENCINO NEGRO. 

Tree 20 meters high, the branches mainly upright and tending to forma cone-shaped 
top; leaves persistent through winter, the blades 60 to 100 mm. long, 15 to 31 mm. 
broad, elliptical, acute or cuspidate at apex, usually rounded or cordate at base, 
entire for one-third to one-half their length, becoming sinuate-dentate, with slender, 
rigid spinose points along terminal portion, short-petioled, thinly pubescent with 
scattered short stellate hairs and bearing longer tufts of stellate pubescence on mid- 
rib near base and in angle between midrib and revolute margin; acorns small, 15 to 
17 mm. long, 7.6 to 8.4 mm. in diameter, rather narrow and rounded at base, tapering 
and acute at apex, set in shallow cups for less than one-fourth their length; cups 
saucer-shaped, about 4.5 mm. high, the scales thin, acute, grayish-tomentose, margined 
with reddish brown. 

Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, no. 565525, collected near La Chuparosa, a 
spring at about 1,500 meters altitude in the Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California, 
January 23, 1906, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman (no. 7454). 

The leaves of this species superficially resemble those of Quercus acutifolia Née, 
but are shorter petioled, the blades more rounded and wedge-shaped at the base, 
with pubescence less generally distributed over the lower surface. The fruit some- 
what resembles that of Q. phellos, but the acorns are larger, more slender, and less 
expanded near the base, and the leaves are so widely different that the two are evi- 
dently not closely allied. Q. devia ranges upward from about 1,050 meters on the 
south slope of the mountains to the summits at about 1,800 meters, where it is one of 
the few species that characterize the Upper Sonoran Zone. It is associated with 
Q. idonea below about 1,500 meters, but replaces the latter entirely above this 
elevation. Its native name is “‘encino negro.”’ 


Quercus agrifolia Née. CALIFORNIA LIVE OAK. 
The California live oak ranges southward into the Peninsula through the Upper 
Sonoran foothill region between the Pacific coast and the western slopes of the high 
mountains, It was noted mainly along arroyos and canyons in a number of localities | 
from near Ensenada northward to the Valley of Guadalupe along the road to Tijuana 
and eastward to La Huerta at the western base of the Sierra del Pinal. It was abun- 
dant also along small arroyos at about 1,110 meters altitude near El Alamo and between 
La Posaand Rancho Viejo. The largest trees were seen along the river at San Antonio, 
where at about 900 meters elevation a permanent stream emerges from the west slope 
of the San Pedro Martir Mountains. Oaks supposed to be of this species were noted 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 823 


by us at higher levels near El Rayo and Sangre de Cristo in the Pinal Mountains and 
near Rancho Santo Tomés in the San Pedro Martir Mountains, but they may have 
been Q. wislizent. 


Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. CANYON LIVE OAK. 

The canyon live oak is common in the Transition Zone over the higher parts of the 
Sierra del Pinal and San Pedro Martir mountains, reaching down along the western 
side to about 1,200 to 1,500 meters, the variation depending on the slope exposure. 
Specimens bearing well-developed acorns were obtained by us, however, along a 
water course as low as about 1,050 meters altitude in the San Pedro Martir Mountains, 
on the road from Rancho Santo Tomés to San Antonio, July 28. In the Pinal Moun- 
tains we found Q. chrysolepis common among the great bowlders on the summits at 
between 1,500 and 1,800 meters elevation near Hanson Laguna. Specimens in the 
U.S. National Herbarium from Cedros Island seem referable to this species. They 
were collected by A. W. Anthony, July—October, 1896. 


Quercus palmeri Engelm. PALMER OAK. 

Noted in a number of places at 900 to 1,500 meters elevation, along the western 
basal slopes of the Sierra del Pinal and San Pedro M&rtir mountains. It grows usually 
as a stout shrub or small tree, 1.8 to 4.5 meters high, forming patches a few yards 
in extent. The foliage is very stiff and prickly, making it uncomfortable to force 
one’s way through thickets containing it. It was collected by us at about 900 meters 
elevation near Arroyo de Leon, on the northwest slope of the San Pedro Martir Moun- 
tains. Thisoak was originally described by Engelmann as a variety of chrysolepis and 
later raised by him to specific rank. It seems quite different from chrysolepis and, 
moreover, ranges in the Upper Sonoran Zone on warmer slopes and at lower eleva- 
tions than the latter species in the same general region. 


Quercus dumosa Nutt. CALIFORNIA SCRUB OAK. 

This species enters Lower California on the Pacific coast, ranging southward through 
the foothill region to near San Quintin. It is a low growing species, not usually over 
3.5 to 4.5 meters high, forming thickets on hillsides and along the bottoms of 
arroyos inthe Upper Sonoran Zone. It was collected by us 40 miles south of Tijuana, 
on the road to Ensenada, A specimen in the U.S. National Herbarium, taken at 
San Quintin by J. D. B. Stillman, November 18, 1862, seems referable to this species. 


Quercus tomentella Engelm. GUADALUPE ISLAND OAK. 

Described from Guadalupe Island and represented in the U.S. National Herba- 
rium by specimens collected there by A. W. Anthony, July—October, 1896, and 
March-June, 1897, by Dr. F. Franceschi in 1893, and by Dr. J. N. Rose in 1911. It 
has also been recorded from the islands off the coast of southern California. The 
species seems to be assignable to the Upper Sonoran Zone. 


ULMACEAE. Elm Family. 


Celtis reticulata Torr. FIACKBERRY. 

A small hackberry, apparently C. reticulata, which ranges widely in the southwest- 
ern United States, was noted by us in only a few places at about 720 meters altitude 
near the road from Miraflores to San Bernardo on the southern slope of the Victoria 
Mountains in the Cape District. It grows here as a mere shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high, 
Reported by Brandegee from San Julio Canyon and as a small shrub growing about 
the Sierra San Lézaro, not far from where we found it. 

The lower elevation of its range and its difference in floral area suggest the pos- 
sibility that with additional material the Lower California plant may prove not to 
be true C. reticulata. 


324 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


MORACEAE, Mulberry Family. 


Ficus palmeri S. Wats. WILD FIG. SALATE, 

Wild fig trees were first met with at Yubay, where a very few stunted trees were 
growing about large bowlders near the water hole. No others were seen until we 
again entered the hill country along the backbone of the Peninsula between Pozo 
Altamirano and San Pablo and in the vicinity of Tinajade Santana. This fig was 
also found in the hills at El Potrero, 25 miles southwest of Mulegé, and more abun- 
dantly in the Cape District south of La Paz, where it is known to the people as ‘“‘salate.’’ 
The species appears to be at home on the warm slopes of rocky canyons in the hill 
country, growing usually asa small tree 4.5 to 7.5 meters high, but sometimes reaching 
a height of 10 meters. It was not observed on the plains along the Pacific coast. 
Specimens in fruit were taken as follows: Yubay, September 18; El Potrero, Octo- 
ber 21; between El Cajén and El Sacatén, December 28. Concerning this species 
Brandegee says: “Ficus palmeri is found from San Ignacio to the Cape, especially 
among rocks and upon the face of cliffs. The trunk is very white, and on the per- 
pendicular rocks flattens out at the base and assumes various fantastic forms, some of 
them, even when the trees are small, becoming 4 feet wide while only 2 or 3 inches 
thick, and finally branching out in all directions seeking crevices for a foothold. In 
good soil, in the bottom of canyons or about. springs, it is a fine, well-shaped, large 
tree and affords an agreeable shade from the hot sun. The small figs are edible, but 
I think no one eats many of them, and certainly would not eat any without a good 
appetite. The trunk never grows tall enough to be made into boats or canoes and 
all the ‘dugouts’ so common about Magdalena Bay, San José, and La Paz are fash- 
ioned from the fig trees of Mazatlin on the mainland. When the small figs are ripe 
the tree is full of animal life; numerous insects are buzzing around, attracted by the 
sweet exudations of the fruit, and hummingbirds are continually flying through the 
branches. Sometimes in canyons this fig bears numerous aerial rootlets, but gen- 
erally the trunk is smooth and light colored.’?! 


LORANTHACEAE. Mistletoe Family. 


Loranthus sonorae 8S. Wats. INJERTO. 

This parasite was described from material collected by Palmer near Guaymas, 
Sonora, where it was “growing on Bursera microphylla.’ It was taken in flower by 
us and noted as common on this same species (now known as Elaphrium microphyllum) 
5 miles southwest of El Potrero, October 31. Seen at intervals throughout the south- 
ern part of the Peninsula. 


OLACACEAE. Ximenia Family. 


Schoepfia californica T. S. Brandeg. 

First noted near Santo Domingo and then seen occasionally along our route over 
the Coastal Plain to Matancita, growing as a shrub or small tree 4.5 to 6 meters high, 
Its grayish foliage and general habit at a little distance somewhat suggest an olive 
tree. A flowering specimen was collected on the road a few miles north of Matancita, 
November 15. A species which we took to be this was noted on Cerralvo Island. 
Recorded by Brandegee at San Gregorio, Comandt, and in the Cape District. 


* 


* Zoe 2: 149, 150. 1891. 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 825 


POLYGONACEAE. Buckwheat Family. 


Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn. 

This beautiful plant was first seen about 5 miles southwest of El Potrero as we 
climbed the steep slope of the backbone of the Peninsula on our way from Mulegé 
to La Purisima. It was noted at intervals thereafter and was abundant at all the 
lower levels throughout the Cape District south of La Paz, from the sand dunes along 
the beach up to 600 meters or more on the southern slopes of the Victoria Mountains. 
It grows asa vine 3 to 4.5 meters in length, spreading along the ground and climbing 
in masses over other vegetation. The flowers seem to be always coming out, the large 
dark-red sepals fading gradually as the seeds mature. Flowering specimens were 
taken at El Potrero, October 31, and along the road from Tres Pachitas to Valle Flojo, 
December 25. Brandegee records it as occurring at Comandt and La Purisima and 
common at low and middle elevations in the Cape District. 


Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. 

The genus Eriogonum well represents the Californian flora in the northern part of 
the Peninsula, but comparatively few species reach far south of the San Pedro Mar- 
tir Mountain region. Eriogonum fasciculatum, apparently a somewhat variable spe- 
cies, is one of the most abundant. It was a common shrub from near the Pacific 
coast up to about 2,100 meters altitude on southwest slopes on the west side of the 
San Pedro MArtir Mountains and was noted along Windy Canyon on the east side 
down to 750 meters. South of the mountains it was seen at intervals along our route 
as far as Agua Dulce, 30 miles southeast of San Fernando, where a flowering speci- 
men was taken at 660 meters altitude, September 9. Another specimen, also in 
flower, had been collected east of Ensenada, May 31. Brandegee, on his overland 
journey, found this shrub at Pozo Aleman. 


Eriogonum elongatum Benth. 

Noted as abundant and generally distributed in the desert region along the middle 
of the Peninsula from near Onyx to Yubay. It is a handsome plant, growing 60 to 
120 em. high, but is rather inconspicuous owing to the blending of its silvery-gray 
color with that of the bleached sand. At the time of our visit it was flowering mainly 
along dry arroyos or in the vicinity of water. A specimen was taken at Jaraguay, 
about 58 miles southeast of San Fernando, September 9. Brandegee records the 
species from San Julio Canyon. 


Eriogonum orcuttianum S. Wats. 

This large species was noted by us while skirting the east base of the San Pedro 
Mértir Mountains from the mouth of Windy Canyon southeast of San Matias Pass 
to La Providencia Canyon. It occurred in a few places in the gravelly deltas at 
the mouths of canyons, where flood waters spread over the neighboring desert. 
It grows here as a stout bush 90 to 120 cm. high. A flowering specimen was taken 
at the mouth of Esperanza Canyon, June 27. The species is recorded by Brandegee 
from Paraiso. 

Eriogonum parishii 8. Wats. 

Near La Grulla and Vallecitos on the upper slopes of the San Pedro Mértir Moun- 
tains we found this Eriogonum common in the loose, decomposed granite soil on 
dry, open hillsides. 


326 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


Eriogonum polifolium Benth. 

Noted in abundance at elevations ranging from about 780 meters in Trinidad Valley 
up to about 2,100 meters on open, brush-covered, southerly slopes along the west 
side of the San Pedro Mértir Mountains. It grows as a shrub 60 to 90 cm. in height. 
Specimens in flower were taken at Arroyo de Ledén, near Trinidad Valley, July 4. 


Eriogonum trichopodum Torr. 

In the sandy and gravelly desert region near Agua Dulce, 30 miles southeast of 
San Fernando, this Eriogonum was one of the characteristic species. It grows to a 
height of 60 to 90 cm., but the slender, hairlike branchlets render it almost invisible 
at. a short distance. It was associated here with E. fasciculatum and, like that spe- 
cies, was not observed farther south. A flowering specimen was taken at Agua Dulce, 
September 9. 


CHENOPODIACEAE. Goosefoot Family. 


Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. CHAMISO. 

Various species of Atriplex are commonly called “chamiso” in Lower California. 
In the San Pedro Martir Mountain region A. canescens ranges widely in both the 
Upper and Lower Sonoran zones, and extends southward to an undetermined limit. 
It is the principal shrub at about 810 meters over Lower Sonoran parts of the bottom 
of Trinidad Valley, whence it reaches eastward through San Matias Pass and in less 
abundance upward over open Upper Sonoran mountain slopes to at least 1,500 meters 
altitude. One or more forms of the A. canescens type are among the most abundant 
desert shrubs, ranging at low elevations nearly throughout the Peninsula. Thickets 
in which Atriplex, Covillea, Simmondsia, and Prosopis bushes are dominant afford 
cover and food for small desert mammals. The seeds of all these bushes are eaten 
by mammals, as shown by the fragments of seed capsules left about the entrances to 
burrows or under rocks where they have been carried and left by the animals. Specti- 
mens of A. canescens were collected in Trinidad Valley and San Matias Pass. 


Atriplex linearis 8, Wats. CHAMISO, 

A specimen referred to this species by Mrs. K. Brandegee was taken at Tinaja de 
San Esteban, 25 miles north of San Ignacio, where it grew as a shrub 1.2 to 2.5 meters 
in height. The species, much resembling A. canescens, was originally described 
from Guaymas. Mr. Brandegee records it from San Jorge and La Paz. 


Atriplex barclayana (Benth.) Dietr. CHAMISO, 

Along the route from Calmallf to San Ignacio this species was seen in abundance. 
It forms thickets in soft soil along arroyos, avoiding stony hillsides. It grows as a 
shrub 90 to 120 cm. high, with somewhat drooping habit. A specimen was col- 
lected at Tinaja de San Esteban, 25 miles north of San Ignacio. Brandegee records 
it from Magdalena Island. 


AMARANTHACEAE. Amaranth Family. 


Celosia floribunda A. Gray. 

This species was abundant in the valley at Comandt, growing as a shrub 1.2 to 1.8 
meters high. A flowering specimen was collected November 6. Brandegee like- 
wise records this species from Comand4, as also from San José del Cabo and Todos 
Santos in the Cape District, and says it seems to reach its greatest development along 
the streams north of Todos Santos, sometimes forming small trees. 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 827 


Dicraurus alternifolius (S. Wats.) Uline & Bray. 

First met with and a flowering specimen taken at about 600 meters altitude 5 or 
6 miles southwest of El Potrero, on a steep mountain side toward the crest of the 
Peninsula, October 31. It was noted in a few places farther south along our route 
from La Purisima to Comandii but was nowhere very abundant. It grows as a shrub 
3 to 3.5 meters in height. 


AIZOACEAE. Carpetweed Family. 


Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. Ick PLANT. 

At least one species of ice plant was noted on the beach at Ensenada and San Quintin 
and near the Pacific coast as far south as the vicinity of San Andrés and Rosarito. 
Tt was one of the most abundant plants on the Coronados Islands and on Todos Santos, 
San Martin, and San Gerdénimo islands, growing often as the exclusive species, the 
masses dengest where most exposed to the ocean fogs. 


ALLIONIACEAE. Four-o’clock Family. 


Abronia gracilis Benth. SAND VERBEN 4, 

A little herb, discovered at Magdalena Bay, on the voyage of the Sulphur. We 
found it one of the most abundant species along the sandy coast from San Jorge south 
to the Llano de Yrais. It grows prostrate, the branches spreading 10 to 25 cm. over 
the sand, and is one of the few species which gain a foothold in and along the edges 
of dune areas and tend to check the constant drifting. Specimens in flower were 
taken a few miles north of Matancita, November 15. 


Hesperonia californica (A. Gray) Standley. 

A common little shrub in the hill country along our route from San Pablo to San 
Ignacio. It grows to a height of 90 to 120 cm. A specimen in flower was taken at 
about 360 meters altitude, near Tinaja de San Esteban, 25 miles north of San Ignacio. 


Quamoclidion triflorum (Benth.) Standley. 

First noticed along our route from Cerro Colorado to Rodriguez northwest of La Paz, 
but seen more abundantly in the hills along the basal slopes of the mountains in the 
Cape District south of La Paz. It grows as a shrub, varying from 1 to 2.5 meters in 
height. Specimens were collected in flower between Cerro Colorado and Rodriguez, 
December 16, and at 720 meters altitude, near the Rancho San Bernardo in the Victoria 


Mountains, January 20. 
PHYTOLACCACEAE. Pokeweed Family. 


Phaulothamnus spinescens A. Gray. 

Noted only at about 600 meters altitude on a northeast mountain slope 5 or 6 miles 
southwest of El Potrero on the road from Mulegé to La Purisima, where a fruiting 
specimen was taken October 31. It was growing as a shrub 1.8 to 2.5 meters high. 


Stegnosperma halimifolium Benth. 

This shrub was first noted at Calamahué. From this point south to Cape San 
Lucas it was very abundant along much of our route, especially in fertile soil along 
arroyos, ranging upward from near sea level to about 720 meters in the hills along 
the backbone of the Peninsula and on Espiritu Santo Island. This species, like 
Calliandra californica and a number of others of the region, may be found flowering 
and fruiting at almost any time of year. It is a handsome shrub 1.8 to 3.5 meters 


- 828 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


high. Specimens in flower and fruit were collected as follows: Calamahué, Septem- 
ber 15; El Potrero (about 5 miles southwest), October 31; road from Cerro Colorado 
to Rodriguez, December 16; San José del Cabo, January 6; Espfritu Santo Island, 
February 7. 

RANUNCULACEAE. Crowfoot Family. 


Thalictrum peninsulare (T. S. Brandeg.) Rose. 

Common in the oak forest on cool, moist, northerly slopes above about 1,500 meters 
altitude on the Sierra de la Laguna. This familiar-appearing plant was associated 
with a number of others whose habitat is above the Lower Sonoran Zone and which 
are therefore isolated here on the mountain tops. A specimen with leaves only was 
taken at about 1,650 meters near La Laguna, J anuary 29. This was the first time we 
had observed the genus Thalictrum since leaving the San Pedro Mértir Mountains. 
Brandegee records this plant as common at middle elevations in the mountains south 
of La Paz. 

BERBERIDACEAE. Barberry Family. 


Berberis gremontii Torr. 

This species was found rather sparingly in the Upper Sonoran Zone at the lower 
end of Trinidad Valley and in open arroyos up to about 1,500 meters altitude near 
El Pifién on the northwest slope of the San Pedro Martir Mountains. It grows here 
as a shrub 1.8 to 3 meters high. A specimen with leaves only was collected in 
Trinidad Valley, June 16 and one with fruit near El Pifién, July 7. Brandegee records 
it growing in great rounded patches 3 meters high at San Sebastién and Rancho 
Viejo. 

CAPPARIDACEAE. Caper Family. 


Atamisquaea emarginata Miers. 

On the shore of the bay near La Paz we found this species flowering February 3. 
It was also seen occasionally along the route to Cape San Lucas growing as a shrub 
1.8 to 3.5 meters high. It was collected by Palmer at Mulegé in 1887 and by Bran- 
degee at San Gregorio in 1889. The species has also been recorded from the oppo- 
site side of the Gulf of California at Guaymas and near Hermosillo, Sonora, by Bran- 
degee, who refers to it as “that disagreeable bush.’’! 


Forchammeria watsoni Rose. Pato SAN JUAN. 

The ‘“‘palo San Juan,”’ as this species is called by the people, occurs rather spar- 
ingly in the Cape District near San José del Cabo and on Espiritu Santo Island, as 
also on the coast of Sonora. It is a thick-trunked tree 4.5 to 7.5 meters in height, 
spreading abruptly to form an umbrella-shaped top. On Espfritu Santo Island a few 
individuals were growing on steep rocky slopes 30 to 60 meters above sea level, A 
fruiting specimen was taken February 7. 


Isomeris arborea Nutt. 

Abundant in sandy places near Ensenada and on the coastal plains from near San 
Telmo southward at least as far as the San Simén River. Specimens in fruit and 
flowers were collected at Ensenada, May 20, and near San Quintin, August 2, 


Wislizenia palmeri A.-Gray. 

An abundant species along arroyos or in the vicinity of water at San Francisquito 
and Calamahué, growing as a shrub 1.2 to 1.8 meters high. Specimens in flower and 
fruit were taken at Calamahué, September 15. The species belongs in the Lower 
Sonoran Zone. 


1 Zoe 8: 344. 1893. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 112. 


DUDLEYA ANTHONY! ROSE, SAN MarTin ISLAND. 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 829 


CRASSULACEAE. Orpine Family. 


Dudleya anthonyi Rose. PLATE 112. 

Found growing abundantly on the rocks along the shores of San Martin Island, 
where the type was collected by A. W. Anthony, July-October, 1896. The large 
size and light color of the leaves render the plants conspicuous in contrast with the 
dark-colored rock. 


HYDRANGEACEAE. Hydrangea Family. 


Philadelphia pumilus Rydb. 

A rather common species in the Transition Zone at Vallecitos in the San Pedro 
Martir Mountains. Tere, at 2,400 meters altitude, it grows as a shrub 1.2 to 1.8 
meters high on dry rocky slopes bordering open meadows. A species here assumed to 
be the same was recorded by Brandegee from these same mountains under the name 
P. serpyllifolius,! as also by Hall from the San Jacinto Mountains in southern Califor- 
nia.2 This name belongs to a different species found in western Texas and New 
Mexico. One of Hall’sspecimens subsequently became the type of P. pumilus. Our 
material, taken in flower July 15 at Vallecitos, agrees well with Rydberg’s descrip- 
tion, and it therefore seems probable that the species has a more or less continuous 
range in the Transition Zone from the mountains of southern California southward 
to the San Pedro Martir Range. 


GROSSULARIACEAE. Gooseberry Family. 


Grossularia quercetorum (Greene) Coville & Britton. GOOSEBERRY. 

Found growing rather sparingly at 810 meters on the nearly open plain in the bot- 
tom of San Rafael Valley, a few miles west of La Huerta, where specimens were col- 
lected June 2. It was also noted in Trinidad Valley, in San Matias Pass, and at 
1,080 meters elevation in ascending the dry northwestern slopes of the San Pedro 
Mértir Mountains, along the road from Trinidad Valley to Pozo Luciano. It grows 
as a shrub 1 to 1.5 meters high in the lower part of the Upper Sonoran Zone. 


Ribes indecorum Hastw. CURRANT. 
From the type locality near San Diego this currant ranges southward into Lower 
California. It was first noted by us at 840 meters elevation, growing on north slopes 
only, near La Huerta at the western base of the Sierra del Pinal. It grows as a shrub 
1.8 to 2.5 meters high. Specimens were collected June 2, when the plants were well 
laden with young fruit. A currant which we took to be this species was seen at 900 
meters near San Antonio, at the west base of the San Pedro Martir Mountains. 


Ribes brandegei HEastw. CURRANT. 

Known only from the upper slopes of the Sierra de la Laguna, where, like a num- 
ber of other Upper Sonoran species, it is isolated from its congeners by a wide desert 
interval. It occurs rather sparingly, mainly along water courses, from an elevation 
of about 1,380 meters to near the summit in the vicinity of La Laguna. It isaslender 
species, reaching a height of about 2.5 meters. A flowering specimen was collected 
January 26. 


1 Zoe 4: 205. 1893. 
2 A Botanical Survey of San Jacinto Mountain. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 83. 1902. 


330 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


PLATANACEAE. Sycamore Family. 


Platanus racemosa Nutt. CALIFORNIA SYCAMORE. 

Noted by us at Ensenada and on the west slope of the San Pedro Mértir Mountains, 
It grew along a watercourse at 1,080 meters elevation below Rancho Santo Tomas 
and was common along the river at 900 meters near San Antonio. Brandegee records 
it from the slopes of the San Pedro Martir Mountains. 


ROSACEAE. Rose Family. 


Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn, CHAMISO. 

Perhaps the most abundant shrub in the Upper Sonoran Zone on the western slopes 
of the Sierra del Pinal and San Pedro Mértir mountains. East of Ensenada on open 
southwest slopes it was noted at altitudes ranging from about 300 meters up to 
about 1,800 meters, and in places probably reaches still higher. It is absent from the 
bottoms of San Rafael and Trinidad valleys, which are largely Lower Sonoran in char- 
acter, but grows on adjacent hill slopes. Brandegee records the species as far south as 
Rosario. A flowering specimen was collected east of Ensenada, May 31. The name 
“chamiso”’ is also commonly applied to the various species of Atriplex growing in 
the Peninsula. 


Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr. PALO AMARILIO. 

The Mexican name for this shrub is “palo amarillo,” the name given to Esenbeckia 
flava in the southern part of the Peninsula. It ranges irregularly over the western 
slopes of the Sierra del Pinal and San Pedro Maértir mountains. Near San Antonio 
it was observed as low as 1,020 meters and from this level upward in favorable situa- 
tions on warm slopes to 1,740 meters near Rancho Santo Tomés. On open slopes 
about Laguna Hanson, near the top of the Pinal Mountains, it is one of the most, 
characteristic species. It grows in thickets almost to the exclusion of other shrubs 
on some hillsides with a surface of loose, decomposed granite, and where the forma- 
tion changes abruptly to harder rock it may disappear almost entirely and be replaced 
by a thick growth of manzanita and Adenostoma Jasciculatum. Specimens were 
taken along the road from Ojos Negros to Alamo and between Rancho Santo Tomas 
and San Antonio. 


Cercocarpus rotundifolius Rydb. MOUNTAIN MAHOGANY. 

This mountain mahogany was common along small canyons from about 1,440 meters 
elevation on the west side of the Sierra del Pinal to about 1 ,680 meters near the summit 
of the range in the vicinity of Laguna Hanson. It grows as a shrub 3.5 to 5.5 meters 
high and, combined with Adenostoma fasciculatum and other species, forms dense 
thickets on some slopes. A specimen with the flowers dropping and the hairy fruits 
just appearing was collected at Laguna Hanson, June 2. The species was not noted 
by us in the San Pedro Mértir Mountains, but may occur there. 


Heteromeles arbutifolia Roemer. CALIFORNIA HOLLY, 

Common only locally, usually along streams or near springs, from near the Pacific 
coast up to about 1,200 meters elevation on the west side of the Sierra del Pinal and 
San Pedro Martir mountains. A specimen still retaining fruit was taken about 10 
miles east of Ensenada, May 31, and others in flower at Arroyo de Leén and San Antonio, 
July 4 and July 28. South of the high mountains of the northern part of the Penin- 
sula the California holly was not seen until we entered the Sierra de la Laguna, in the 
Cape District, where the same or a related species occurs on the upper slopes at from 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 331 


1,200 to 1,680 meters. It is associated here in the Upper Sonoran Zone with a num- 
ber of other plants which are isolated by hundreds of miles of desert from their con- 
geners to the northward. It is rather common, especially along streams or about 
springs, growing as a shrub 3 to 6 meters high. A specimen in fruit was collected at 
about 1,350 meters near El Satiz on the trail from Miraflores to La Laguna. Brandegee 
records it from the Cape District as follows: Sierra de la Laguna, flowering in January ; 
Sierra de San Francisquito, fruit in October. 


Rosa californica Schlecht. & Cham. CALIFORNIA ROSE. 

Common in or along the borders of wet meadows in the Transition Zone along the 
western side of the San Pedro MArtir Mountains. Specimens in flower were taken 
at La Grulla, July 20. 


Rosa minutifolia Engelm. SMALL-LEAVED ROSE. 

Abundant in the lower part of the Upper Sonoran Zone, near San Quintin, where 
it is found along dry, stony arroyos among the lower hills and up over gravelly mesas 
to at least 300 meters altitude. It was also noted along the road from San Quintin 
north as far as San Telmo. It is a peculiar little species, 1 to 1.5 meters high, in 
places forming dense thickets, from which almost all other shrubs are excluded. 
Although the regular flowering season had passed, a few plants were still blooming 
when our collection was made near San Quintin, August 2. Of this rose and its 
limited known distribution Brandegee says: ‘“‘Abundant near the coast from north 
of Ensenada to below El Rosario. It extends into the interior a dozen or more miles 
from the Pacific slope. In some localities most of the bushes produce white flowers.” : 


Rubus sp. 

An unidentified Rubus is rather common in the oak forest on the upper slopes of 
the Sierra de la Laguna. It was collected in flower at 1,650 meters, in the Upper 
Sonoran Zone, January 27. 


Sericotheca dumosa (Nutt.) Rydb. 

In the upper part of the Transition Zone in the San Pedro Martir Mountains this 
shrub is fairly abundant. It forms clumps in the pine forest where other under- 
growth is scanty and is often associated with other shrubs on more open slopes, espe- 
cially among rocks near the tops of hills. A flowering specimen was collected at 2,400 
meters altitude near Vallecitos, July 15. 


AMYGDALACEAE. Almond Family. 


Emplectocladus fasciculatus Torr. 

This small almond, forming a shrub 1.8 to 2.5 meters high, was found near the 
western end of Trinidad Valley. It occurs here on rather dry slopes at about 780 
meters altitude, where the greater part of the vegetation is assignable to the Upper 
Sonoran Zone. The species has been recorded from southern California eastward to 
Utah, but apparently has not been taken before in Lower California. The genus to 
which it belongs is credited with representing the nearest approach in the American 
flora to the old genus Amygdalus, the almond of the Old World. A specimen bear- 
ing immature fruit was collected June 16. 


Prunus ilicifolia (Nutt.) Walp. HOLLY-LEAVED CHERRY. ISLAY. 

In Lower California this cherry is well known locally as ‘“‘isl4y.”” It is abundant 
in places in the Upper Sonoran Zone, from near the coast at Ensenada up to the tops 
of the Sierra del Pinal and at least as high as 1,500 meters on the west slope of the 
San Pedro Martir Mountains. It grows here as a shrub 1.8 to 3.5 meters high. The 
large, well-flavored fruit is gathered to some extent by the people at La Huerta and 


1 Zoe 4: 205. 1893. 


332 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


other localities. Specimens in flower were taken east of Ensenada, May 31, and at 
La Huerta, June 2, and with green fruit along the road from Rancho Santo Tomés 
to San Antonio, July 28. 


MIMOSACEAE. Mimosa Family. 


Acacia filicioides (Cav.) Trel. TIMBE. 

Specimens in flower and immature fruit were taken at Tinaja de Santana (alti- 
tude 1,020 meters), 35 miles north of San Ignacio, October 4. The species was found 
growing as a shrub 1.8 to 2.5 meters high, on stony hill slopes. Brandegee records it 
from San José del Cabo and Todos Santos. 


Acacia flexicaulis Benth. MEXICAN EBONY. 

First noted and a specimen in fruit collected between Agua Colorada and Cerro 
Colorado, northwest of La Paz, December 15. From this vicinity southward to 
Cape San Lucas it was one of the characteristic species at the lower elevations, grow- 
ing as a thorny shrub 1.8 to 2.5 meters high, with short, broad, thickened pods. 


Acacia greggii A. Gray. CAT’S-CLAW. 

This Lower Sonoran species was common on the desert near the east base of the 
San Pedro Mirtir Mountains; on the western side of the Peninsula it was first seen 
near Las Cuevas, northwest of San Fernando, and thence it was noted at intervals 
along our route southward to near San Pablo south of Calmallf. Its general range 
thus seems to include the northern half of the Peninsula, exclusive of the high moun- 
tains and the northwest coast region. Specimens in flower and immature fruit were 
taken at La Providencia Canyon, June 26, and in ripening fruit at Jaragudy, about 
58 miles southeast of San Fernando, September 9. This Acacia is usually a shrub 
1.2 to 4.5 meters high, but sometimes becomes a tree with a height of 6 meters. 
Dense clumps are often formed, the shade and thorny protection of which afford 
favorite hiding places for jack rabbits and other mammals, 


Albizzia occidentalis T. S. Brandeg. PALO ESCOVETA. 

The “palo escopeta,’’ so called by the people of the Cape District, is one of the 
characteristic species, growing as a forest tree 6 to 9 meters high, from the west coast 
near El Pescadero up the basal slope of the Victoria Mountains in the vicinity of 
Miraflores. A specimen with large, flat, ripening pods was taken on the road from 
El Pescadero to El Cajén, December 27. 


Calliandra californica Benth. 

Widely distributed in the Peninsula. Flowering specimens were collected at San 
Fernando, September 4; on Margarita Island, November 29; and between Santa 
Anita and Miraflores, January 19. It was an abundant species along much of our 
route, especially in the foothills of the mountains in the Cape District south of La 
Paz. It forms a shrub 1 to 2 meters high and seems to prefer rather sterile, stony 
hillsides. The species is recorded by Brandegee from San José del Cabo and from 
Magdalena and Margarita islands northward to San Borja. 


Lysiloma microphylla Benth. 
This tree is associated with Albizzia occidentalis in many places along the western 
and southern slopes of the Victoria Mountains in the Cape District. It grows to a 


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GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 333 


height of 6 to 9 meters. A specimen with immature pods was taken on the road from 
Tres Pachitas to Valle Flojo, December 25. This species is recorded by Brandegee 
from mountains near San José del Cabo and Todos Santos. 


Lysiloma candida T. 8. Brandeg. PALO BLANCO. Prate 113. 

This tree, well known to the people as “palo blanco,”’ ranges in suitable localities 
throughout the Peninsula south of about latitude 27° 30’, It was first met with by 
us when we descended from the high mesa on which Tinaja de Santana is situated 
into a deep canyon on the road to San Ignacio. A few trees only were seen near the 
bottom, but later the same day we crossed another canyon in which it grew in a fairly 
heavy belt along each side of the water course, being here the most prominent spe- 
cies. From this point southward to the Cape the palo blanco was noted in the hill 
country at frequent intervals. In the northern part of its range the tree grows only 
in a narrow belt along dry washes in canyon bottoms, where it is often the largest and 
most abundant species. It was not seen on the plains along the west coast, but in 
crossing the backbone of the Peninsula from Cerro Colorado to Rodriguez and in the 
Cape District south of La Paz we found it much more generally distributed over the 
rocky hill slopes than farther north. 

The palo blanco is, economically, one of the most important trees of the Peninsula. 
One of the leading industries of the Cape District is the gathering of the bark, which 
is used locally for tanning, from San Ignacio southward, and is shipped in considerable 
quantities, especially from the port of San José del Cabo. The trees grow from 15 
to 30 cm. in diameter and from their whitish bark present a striking appearance, 
The bark is taken off in strips and packed in sacks for transportation on the backs 
of burros to the coast. 

Specimens of the tree were collected by us near Tinaja de San Esteban, 25 miles 
north of San Ignacio, October 5, and 20 miles east of San Ignacio, October 19. At 
both localities the ripe pods were falling from the trees. In ripening the stout mar- 
ginal threads split away and often adhere to the branch for some time after the pod 
bearing the seeds has fallen. A specimen in the U. 8. National Herbarium was col- 
lected by Palmer on Carmen Island, November 1-7, 1890. 


Mimosa purpurascens Robinson. 
Specimens in flower and ripening fruit were taken on the road from Agua Colorada 


to Cerro Colorado, December 15. It grows asa shrub 2 to 3.5 meters high. Not noted 
in abundance. 


Mimosa xanti A. Gray. CELOSA. 

This mimosa, locally known as “celosa,’’ is abundant throughout much of the lower 
country in the Cape District south of La Paz, where it helps to make up many of the 
denser thickets. It grows asa shrub 1.2 to 3.5 meters in height. The strong recurved 
thorns seem always ready to tear the flesh or clothing, whence the name “celosa,’’ mean- 
ing in the Spanish language “jealous.” Specimens with flowersand ripe pods were taken 
along the road from El Cajén to El Sacatén, December 28, at Santa Anita and Cape 
San Lucas January 3-11, and at San José del Cabo, February 22. Brandegee records 
it as very abundant at San José del Cabo, Todos Santos, and on the Victoria Mountains. 


Pithecolobium dulce Benth. GUAMUCHIL, GUAMUCHLII. 

This species, a tree of wide distribution on the mainland of Mexico, is abundant 
at San José del Cabo and was noted along the road between Santa Anita and Mira- 
flores. Brandegee records it from Todos Santos, La Paz, and San José del Cabo. It 
ranges much farther north on the coastal plains in Sonora. The white pulp surround- 
ing the seeds is eaten by the people. 


5196°—16——3 


334 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


Pithecolobium tortum Mart.? 

This species was collected in fruit on the road from Santa Anita to Miraflores, Jan- 
uary 19. It was rather common, growing as a tree 4.5 to 6 meters high. Brandegee 
refers our specimen provisionally to P. tortum Mart., the name he used with reser- 
vation for the species recorded in his Flora of the Cape Region as growing at low 
elevations at San José del Cabo and Todos Santos. This was described as a hand- 
some small tree with horizontal dark-green leaves. 


Prosopis glandulosa Torr. MESQUITE. 

One of the most abundant and generally distributed plants in Lower California. 
It spreads over nearly the whole of the Peninsula, ascending from the desert, border- 
ing the shores of the Gulf of California through San Matias Pass into Trinidad Valley, 
San Rafael Valley, and other valleys west of the higher mountains and occurring up 
to 1,350 meters on southwest slopes. It is absent, however, on the upper slopes of 
the Sierra del Pinal, the San Pedro Martir Mountains, and the high mountains of 
the Cape District. Tt varies in size from a small shrub toa tree 4.5 to 9 meters in height. 
Usually it grows more abundantly and to a larger size in the alluvial soil in arroyos, 
in some places to the exclusion of other trees, but it may also overspread desert plains 
and rocky hills. Economically it is one of the important plants of the Peninsula. 
The pods, leaves, and even twigs furnish valuable forage for stock, and the pods are 
eaten by many of the native mammals. A specimen in fruit was collected on the 
road from Santo Domingo to Matancita, November 15. 


Prosopis odorata Torr. & Frém. SCREWPOD MESQUITE. 
This species occurs rather sparingly on low-lying areas in the delta of the Colo- 
rado River. 


Prosopis palmeri 8. Wats. PALMER MESQUITE. 

First noticed by us while crossing the rugged backbone of the Peninsula near 
Guajademi, on our way from Mulegé to La Purisima. It was more abundant, how- 
ever, along much of our route from Matancita to La Paz, occurring as the principal: 
species on the more fertile soil in some of the arroyos between 30 and 150 meters alti- 
tude. Brandegee records the species as abundant on the high, rocky mesas near La 
Purfsima and Comanddé. It forms a tree 4.5 to 7.5 meters high, with the trunk thick- 
ened from the ground up to about 3 meters, where a great number of small, spreading 
branches are given off. The bark is rough and splits off in long strips. Specimens 
bearing flowers and ripe fruit were taken between Agua Colorada and Cerro Colorado, 
December 15. 


Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn. HUISACHE. VINORAMA, 

The “ huisache,”’ as it is commonly called, is widely dispersed in tropical and sub- 
tropical Mexico and ranges well into the Lower Sonoran Zone. Its irregular distribu- 
tion in Lower California may be due to its not being native, having supposably been 
introduced and cultivated about some of the missions. This would explain its absence 
from large areas apparently well suited to its growth. A few trees were noted by us 
along the road from Onyx to Agua Dulce, but the species was more abundant from 
San Ignacio southward to San Jorge. South of San Jorge it was not again seen until 
we entered the Cape District south of La Paz, where it was abundant in many locali- 
ties, especially in the vicinity of towns. At Miraflores it has received the local name 
“vinorama.”” It was collected in flower between Tres Pachitas and Valle Flojo, 
December 25. Brandegee records the species from San José del Cabo. 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 335 


CASSIACEAE. Senna Family. 


Cassia confinis Greene. 

This Cassia was noted at Tinaja de San Esteban, 25 miles north of San Ignacio, and 
thence southward at intervals to near La Paz, and on Espiritu Santo Island. It 
grows as a shrub 1 to 2 meters in height. Like many other plants of the region, it pro- 
duces flowers and fruit irregularly during a considerable part of, if not the entire, year. 
Specimens in flower and fruit were taken at Tinaja de San Esteban, October 5, and 
on Espfritu Santo Island, February 7. 


Cassia occidentalis L. - PALO DE ZORILLA. 

The “palo de zorilla,”’ as it is known to the people, is common at the lower eleva- 
tions south of La Paz. Along the basal slopes of the Victoria Mountains it forms a 
good-sized tree, 7.5 to 9 meters high. A specimen with the long, slender seed pods 
fully ripe was taken between Tres Pachitas and Valle Flojo, December 25. Not 
noted byus north of La Paz. Brandegee records the species from San José del Cabo 
and San Bartolomé. He remarks that the name “ palo de zorilla”’ (skunk tree) seems 
wholly inappropriate, as the tree possesses nothing to suggest such a name. 


Cassia articulata Rose. 

The type of this recently published species was collected by C. A. Purpus near 
San José del Cabo in 1901. A specimen with ripe seed pods was taken by us at about 
600 meters elevation between Miraflores and Rancho San Bernardo in the Victoria 
Mountains. Only a few shrubs 1.8 to 2 meters high were seen. These two records 
give the species a very limited known range in the extreme southern end of the 
Peninsula. 


Cassia purpusi T. 8. Brandeg. 

This species was based on material collected by C. A. Purpus near Calmalli in 1898, 
and by us (in flower and fruit) at Rosarito, 18 miles southeast of San Andrés, Septem- 
ber 25, 1905. Its known range is thus limited to a small area in the central section of 
the Peninsula. At Rosarito it was found growing in a moist place along an arroyo. 
The plant is a handsome shrub. 


Cassia goldmani Rose.* 

While on our way from Mulegé across the mountains to La Purfsima this previously 
unknown species was found in a few places between 450 and 720 meters altitude 
on the steep eastern slope leading up to the backbone of the Peninsula, 5 or 6 miles 
southwest of El Potrero. It forms a large shrub or small tree 3.5 to 5.5 meters high 
and is associated with such southern species as Esenbeckia flava, Antigonon leptopus, 
and Erythrina purpusi. Thespecimens, with ripening pods, were collected October 31, 


Cercidium torreyanum (8S. Wats.) Sarg. PALO VERDE. 

No trees were so nearly omnipresent along our route throughout the greater part of 
the Peninsula as those of the genus Cercidium. They abound in nearly every part 
except the higher slopes of the Sierra del Pinal and San Pedro Martir mountains, the 
Victoria Mountains, and the northwest coast region. But the number of species and 
the boundaries of their respective ranges are not definitely known. Cercidium torrey- 
anum is assumed to range from southeastern California southward through the desert 
region between the Gulf and the high mountains to an undetermined southern limit. 
On the east slope of the San Pedro M&rtir Mountains it ascends along the open bot- 


1 See p. 311. 


336 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


tom of Windy Canyon to 1,080 meters altitude near San Matfas Pass. It is associ- 
ated with many Lower Sonoran plants and seems to belong in the list of species 
characteristic of this zone, but it represents a genus mainly tropical in distribu- 
tion. In northeastern Lower California it grows 4.5 to 7.5 meters high. Like other 
species of the genus it is commonly called “palo verde,’ a name derived from the 
smooth, greenish bark. 


Cercidium peninsulare Rose. PALO VERDE. PALO DE PGA. PLATE 114, 

The type of this species was taken by the present writer on the open plain near 
La Paz April 16, 1899, then in flower. It isabundant throughout the Cape District south 
of La Paz except on the upper slopes of the mountains and reaches northward to an 
undetermined limit, its range overlapping or so continuous with that of torreyanum 
that we did not distinguish between them. The species was collected by Dr. J. N. 
Rose in the spring of 1911 at various places in the Cape District and on Carmen and 
Cerralvo islands. Where forage for stock is scarce, especially in the extremely arid 
central desert region, the branches of palo verde trees are lopped and the tips and 
leaves are eaten by mules with apparent relish. Although generally known as “palo 
verde,”’ this tree is also called locally “palo de pta.” It is generally distributed 
over rocky hills and sandy deserts, but is usually more abundant along dry washes. 
During the dry season and droughts the trees are nearly or quite bare, but leaves 
appear in a remarkably short time after even a single local shower. In places the 
appearance of the palo verde trees showed a sharp line of demarcation between the 
area recently visited by rain and that over which drought still prevailed. The 
abundance of this species in the Cape District and its association with so many tropical 
plants seem to place it with the tropical element, to which most members of the 
genus Cercidium belong. 


Haematoxylon boreale 8. Wats. Brasit. Pato DE Brasit. Loawoop. 

The “Brasil,” or “palo de Brasil,”’ as it is called by the people, was common at 
the lower elevations along our route in the Cape District south of La Paz. It grows 
as a scrubby tree 4.5 to 7.5 meters in height. The trunks of the older trees may be 
very thick at the base, but are usually hollow and have deeply fluted bark. We 
did not find the species used asa dyewood. Specimens with ripe seed pods were taken 
between Tres Pachitas and Valle Flojo, December 25, 1905, and in flower between 
San Pedro and La Paz, February 1, 1906. Brandegee records the species from La 
Paz, Todos Santos, and San José del Cabo. 


Hoffmanseggia microphylla Torr. 

At San Felipe this species is quite common in sandy places along the Gulf shore. 
It grows asa shrub 1 to 1.5 metershigh. At the time of our visit, June 20, it was nearly. 
leafless, but bearing flowers and fruit. Recorded by Brandegee from Calamahué. 


Parkinsonia aculeata LL. RETAMA. 

This species has a wide range in Mexico, extending southward from near the south- 
ern border of the United States within the limits of the Lower Sonoran Zone. It 
occupies the greater part of Lower California, but is absent on the high mountains and 
in the northwest coast region. Specimens were collected at Agua Dulce, 30 miles 
southeast of San Fernando, in September, 1905. The species was noted by Bran- 
degee from San Gregorio to Calamahué and San Fernando. It was also collected 
at La Paz by Doctor Rose in June, 1897. 


Parkinsonia microphylla Torr. RETAMA, 
The range assigned this species by Sudworth comprises adjoining portions of the 
desert region in southern California, southern Arizona, northeastern Lower Califor- 


PLATE 114. 


‘WLINY VINVS “3SOY SYVINSNINAd WNIGIONSD 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 837 


nia, and Sonora. It was recorded by Brandegee at Calamahué. Palmer collected 
specimens at Santa Rosalia in March, 1890, and Doctor Rose at Agua Verde and at 
the head of Concepcién Bay in April, 1911. It seems to be less widely dispersed 
than its congener, P. aculeata, like which it belongs to the Lower Sonoran Zone. 


Poinciana placida (T. 8S. Brandeg.) Rose. 
A few of these bushes, 3 to 3.5 meters high and bearing handsome orange and reddish 
flowers, were found in a stony place near the shore of Espiritu Santo Island, February 7. 


Poinciana californica (A. Gray) Rose. 

About the middle of November this plant was practically leafless, but bearing 
deep, dark red flowers near the tips of the slender twigs, while other branches still 
held ripe seed pods. It was seen in a few places on the sandy Coastal Plain from 
San Jorge to Matancita, growing as a shrub 2 to 3 meters high. Specimens were col- 
lected a few miles north of Matancita, November 15. 


Tamarindus indica L. TAMARINDO, TAMARIND. 

The tamarind, which is so widely distributed in cultivation in tropical Mexico, 
was seen at San José del Cabo, where Brandegce has already recorded it as common. 
The tart pulp surrounding the seeds is used to make a refreshing drink. 


FABACEAE. Pea Family. 


Brongniartia peninsularis Rose.’ 

The type of this species was collected by us at about 450 meters while we were 
ascending the backbone of the Peninsula, about 5 miles southwest of El Potrero 
and about 30 miles southwest of Mulegé, October 31. It was growing on the rocky 
mountain side as a shrub 2 to 3 meters high. Not noted elsewhere. 


Erythrina purpusi T. 8. Brandeg. CORAL BEAN. 

We first noted and collected this species along the road 5 miles southwest of El 
Potrero, between Mulegé and La Purfsima. It was described by Brandegee and 
recorded by him as common at low elevations in the Cape District. It was also seen 
between Guajademi and Agua Grande and at several localities near the west coast 
between Todos Santos and Cape San Lucas. It belongs to the tropical or subtropical 
element of the flora of the region. 


Olneya tesota A. Gray. MEXICAN IRONWOOD. UNA DE GATO. PALO DE HIERRO. 

Few plants reaching tree size have so wide a range and are at the same time so 
abundant in Lower California as the ironwood. It was noted from the basal slopes 
of the desert mountains near the delta of the Colorado southward to La Paz and on 
Cerralvo Island. It was not observed in the Cape District south of La Paz nor along 
the west coast north of the Santa Clara Mountains, but may reach farther in suitable 
situations. It grows 6 to 7.5 meters in height. Although it may occur on gravelly 
plains, it is more at home along rocky arroyos and on the slopes of desert mountains, 
situations so frequent in the Peninsula. It belongs to the Lower Sonoran Zone, 
occurring on both sides of the Gulf of California. A specimen was taken at Tinaja 
de San Esteban, 25 miles north of San Ignacio. Brandegee records it from Comandt 
to Calamahué. He also mentioned its native name, “ufia de gato,”? which is also 
applied to several other thorny species. 


Parosela spinosa (A. Gray) Heller. INDIGO BUSH. 


First met with by us at San Felipe on the Gulf of California. Here we found a 
few scattered groups of these desert plants in sandy arroyos near the beach, growing 


1 See p. 311. 


3888 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


as trees (instead of bushes) and becoming 4.5 to 6 meters high. Specimens were col- 
lected in flower on June 20, the trees presenting a showy appearance, the deep dark 
blue flowers affording a pleasing contrast. When not in flower the gray foliage blends 
with the desert surroundings and the plants are inconspicuous. The species was 
afterwards noted along the trail from Agua Dulce to Jaragu4y and between Cala- 
mahué and Yubay. Brandegee found it growing as a small tree or bush in the sand 
of dry stream beds at Calamahué. It has also been recorded from Sonora and the 
lower Colorado Valley north of the United States boundary, and thus seems assign- 
able to the Lower Sonoran Zone. 


GERANIACEAE. Cranesbill Family. 


Erodium texanum A. Gray. ALFILERILLA,. 

This, or one or more allied species, grows abundantly in many places, especially on 
sandy or gravelly mesas in the northern half of the Peninsula. At the time of our 
visit the rains of the preceding season had matured a crop which added materially 
to the scanty forage available for our pack and saddle animals. The species presents 
wide variation in size and form, evidently due to local environmental conditions. 
On very dry gravelly slopes tiny upright plants 2 inches or less in height mature 
seed, while along moist sandy arroyos, perhaps only a few feet away, vigorous indi- 
viduals may spread like a mat for several feet over the ground. Watson records this 
species from Dr. Palmer’s collection at Los Angeles Bay on the Gulf coast. 


ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. Caltrop Family. 


Covillea glutinosa (Engelm.) Rydb. CREOSOTE BUSH. 

This is one of the most abundant and widely ranging shrubs in the Peninsula. It 
extends southward from the Colorado Desert along the east side of the Sierra del 
Pinal and the San Pedro Martir mountains, reaching upward through San Matfas 
Pass into Trinidad Valley, while south of the mountains it is abundant from near 
Rosario over the greater part of the Peninsula as far as La Paz. Brandegee records 
the species as far as Todos Santos on the west coast. It was not noted in the Cape 
District south of these points and is absent from the high mountains and the north- 
west coast region. Along the adjacent coast of the Mexican mainland it seems to 
reach its extreme southern limit a few miles south of Guaymas, but on the table- 
lands of the interior it ranges to the southern part of the State of San Luis Potosf. 
It is one of the species which serve best to characterize the Lower Sonoran Zone. 


RUTACEAE. Rue Family. 


Cneoridium dumosum Hook. f. 

This shrub was common at altitudes between 900 and 1,200 meters in the Upper 
Sonoran Zone on the west slope of the San Pedro Mirtir Mountains. A specimen 
still retaining a few ripe fruits was taken above San Antonio, July 28. 


Esenbeckia flava T. S. Brandeg. PALO AMARILLO. 

First seen along our route 5 or 6 miles southwest of El Potrero, where it was taken 
in fruit at about 600 meters altitude on a steep mountain side, October 31. It was 
not noted again until we entered the hills between Agua Colorada and Cerro Colorado 
on our way from Matancita to La Paz. From this point southward to Cape San Lucas 
it was rather common at the lower elevations in the hill country. It is a small tree 
6 to 9 meters in height and is well known to the people in the Cape District as “palo 
amarillo,” a name applied farther north to Adenostoma sparsifolium. 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 839 


Brandegee, who described and named this species,’ outlined its range as extending 
northward on the western coast to some distance above Todos Santos and on the 
eastern as far as La Paz. In the same paper he states that the name “‘palo amarillo” 
is due to the color of the wood and that the tree is often used for poles in the con- 
struction of houses. He found the flowers of a sickish-sweet odor, appearing in August, 
the fruit falling in December. 


Xanthoxylon pterota H. B. K. 

This thorny shrub was rather common in places along the southern slope of the 
Victoria Mountains. It grows 4.5 to 5.5 meters high. A specimen with ripe fruit 
was taken at about 750 meters, between San Bernardo and El Satz, January 21. 


BURSERACEAE. Torchwood Family. 


Elaphrium macdougalii Rose. 

The copal trees of the genus Elaphrium are widely dispersed in tropical America 
and are found nearly throughout Lower California, except in the extreme northern 
part, the San Pedro Martir Mountains, and the northwest coast region, Collectively 
the species form a very important part of the flora of the Peninsula. The present 
species ranges in the Lower Sonoran desert strip between the Gulf of California and 
the eastern base of the San Pedro Martir Mountains and has been reported from the 
coast of Sonora. Growing-asa tree 6 to 7.5 meters in height, it is especially abundant 
on the plain along the eastern basal slopes of the Borrego and Consag mountains, 
near San Felipe Bay, where specimens were taken June 26. Elaphrium microphyllum 
occurs in much smaller numbers in the same locality. 


Elaphrium rhoifolium (Benth.) Rose. 

Although this species is not known to reach so far north as E. microphyllum, it is 
probably as widely dispersed in the Peninsula, since north of San Ignacio it spreads 
over much of the Pacific slope from which E. microphyllum is absent. It is one of 
the characteristic species of the Cape District and ranges thence northward to the 
southern slopes of the San Pedro Mértir Mountains. On the Pacific slope it was first 
seen on a rocky hill near San Fernando, where specimens with young fruit and flowers 
were taken September 4. At Calamahué young leaves, flowers, and fruit were appear- 
ing September 15. Specimens with fully developed fruit were taken at El Potrero, 
October 14, and between La Purisima and Comandt, November 5. It is also an 
abundant species on Magdalena Island. 


Elaphrium cerasifolium (T. 8. Brandeg.) Rose, CHERRY-LEAVED COPAL. 

This Elaphrium is known only from the Cape District south of La Paz, where it 
was not abundant. A small tree 6 or 7.5 meters in height was noticed on the slope 
of the deep wash at El Cajon, from which a specimen in fruit was taken December 28. 
The type came from San José del Cabo. 


Elaphrium epinnatum Rose.’ 

This species, recently described from our material, was found only at Cape San 
Lucas, where the type was collected December 30, 1905. It grows as a tree about 
7.5 meters in height. 


Elaphrium filicifolium (T. 8. Brandeg.) Rose. 

Brandegee records this species as common throughout the Cape District south of 
La Paz. It is the only species of the genus known to occur in the Peninsula which 
we did not collect. 


1 Zoe 1: 378. 1891, 2See p. 311. 


3840 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


Elaphrium odoratum (T. 8. Brandeg.) Rose, ToroTr, PLATE 115. 

The name “torote”’ is shared by this tree and E. microphyllum and may be applied 
to others. Elaphrium odoratum was first noted along our route at El Potrero, 25 miles 
southwest of Mulegé. It was abundant and generally distributed at the lower eleva- 
tions along with E. rhoifolium and E. microphyllum from this point southward to 
Cape San Lucas. The bark is yellow and, as in some of the other species, peels off 
in large, thin, papery flakes. Fruiting specimens were taken at El Potrero, October 31; 
between La Purisima and Comandti, November 5, and at San Pedro, 18 miles south of 
La Paz, December 23. 


Elaphrium microphyllum (A. Gray) Rose, TOROTE. 

This “torote”’ ranges from southern Arizona southward along both coasts of the 
Gulf of California. It was first noted by us at San Felipe and was found in small 
numbers along with EF. macdougalii on the plain bordering the basal slopes of the 
Borrego Mountains. It was again observed at San Francisquito, but was much more 
abundant from Santa Rosalfa southward to Cape San Lucas, spreading across to the 
west coast at least as far north as San Jorge. On Magdalena, Espfritu Santo, and 
Cerralvo islands it is one of the most abundant trees. In the Cape District it is asso- 
ciated with E. rhoifolium, E. odoratum, and others, and very generally distributed 
from the coast to 750 or 900 meters altitude on the slopes of the Victoria Mountains. 
The trees ordinarily vary from 3 to 9 meters in height, but on Cerralvo Island were 
unusually stocky and only 1.5 to 3 meters high. Specimens were taken at San Felipe, 
San Francisquito, and at various localities in the Cape District and on the neighbor- 
ing islands. 

Walter E. Bryant, in a general account of the Cape District south of La Paz, in 
1891, says that many tons of the bark of this species are exported for dyeing purposes 
from the vicinity of Buena Vista. The bark, which is reddish, is cut in small pieces 
from the trunks and larger limbs of the trees and spread on the ground to dry, and 
is then shipped in sacks. 


Elaphrium goldmani Rose? 

Soon after leaving Matancita this species was recognized as one not seen in the 
region previously traversed to the northward. It was abundant on the plains and 
low mesas as far as the vicinity of Cerro Colorado along our route to La Paz. The 
species was based on specimens collected by us between Matancita and La Cruz, 
December 9, 1905. 


MALPIGHIACEAE. Malpighia Family. 


Janusia gracilis A, Gray. 

Tn San Matias Pass, at about 900 meters, we found this shrubby little vine common. 
It grows in sandy soil and climbs over other vegetation. Specimens in fruit and 
flower were taken June 28. Mr. Brandegee informs us that it has not heretofore been 
reported from Lower California. 


Malpighia diversifolia T. 8. Brandeg. 

In the valley at Comandt we found this species common, forming a shrub 2 to 2.5 
meters high. A specimen in fruit was collected November 7. It was not again noted 
by us, but has been recorded by Brandegee as common about San José del Cabo, the 
type locality. He further states that the fruit is called by the people “manzanita” 
and “without any special reason is sometimes eaten by them.”’ The species forms 
a part of the subtropical flora of the Peninsula. 


‘See p. 311. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PiaTe 115. 


ELAPHRIUM ODORATUM (T. S. BRANDEG.} Rose, EL POTRERO. 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 841 


Mascagnia macroptera (Moc. & Sessé) Niedenzu. 

This species has a wide range in tropical and subtropical portions of Mexico, from 
the type locality near Monterey, Nuevo Leén, to southern Sonora and Lower Cali- 
fornia. It was first noted by us on the Peninsula, about 20 miles east of San Ignacio, 
where specimens bearing flowers and fruit were collected October 19. From this 
point southward to near La Paz it was noted along canyons in the hill country. 
Flowering specimens in the U. 8. National Herbarium were collected by Palmer at 
Mulegé in 1887 and at Santa Agueda, March 4-6, 1890. The species grows as a small 
shrub, often climbing over other vegetation. 


EUPHORBIACEAE. Spurge Family. 


Acalypha californica Benth. 

Flowering specimens of this species were taken at the mouth of La Providencia 
Canyon, where it opens on the desert at the east base of the San Pedro Martir Moun- 
tains, June 26. It was rather common, growing here as a shrub 0.5 to 1.2 meters high. 


‘Cnidoscolus palmeri (8S. Wats.) Rose. 

Collected at about 450 meters in the hills along the backbone of the Peninsula, 
about 20 miles east of San Ignacio, where it seemed to be rare. We have no other 
record of its collection since the type was taken near Guaymas, Sonora, by Palmer. 
As seen by us, the plant is a shrub about a meter high. Our specimens are in flower 
and fruit and have the leaves and tender branches armed with stinging hairs, such 
as characterize some of its congeners, known locally as “mala mujer’’ in Vera Cruz 
and other parts of tropical Mexico. The species was originally described under the 
name Jatropha palmer. 


Croton magdalenae Millsp. 

First noted about 5 miles southwest of El Potrero on the way from Mulegé to La 
Purisima. It was common at Comandt, and a Croton which we took to be the same 
was seen at intervals along the route southward to Cape San Lucas. It grows as a 
shrub 2 to 3.5 meters high. A specimen in fruit was taken about 5 miles southwest 
of El Potrero, October 31. Reported by Brandegee from San José del Cabo and in 
the mountains. Brandegee remarks that some forms are much less pubescent or 
hirsute than the type from Magdalena Island. 


Croton californicus Muell. Arg. 

In the vicinity of La Paz and at the lower elevations southward to Cape San Lucas 
this species was noted in abundance as a shrub 1.2 to 1.5 meters high. <A flowering 
specimen was taken at La Paz, February 17. Millspaugh records specimens in fine 
flower and fruit collected by Brandegee on Magdalena Island, January 23. 


Ditaxis brandegei (Millsp.) Rose & Standl. 

A specimen of this species in flower was taken on the shore of La Paz Bay, near 
Rodriguez, December 16. A shrub about a meter high. Not noted in abundance. 
The type was collected by Brandegee at San Gregorio. 


Euphorbia californica Benth. 

From near Tinaja de San Esteban, 25 miles north of San Ignacio, southward this 
species was noted at intervals, but was more common at the lower elevations in the 
Cape District south of La Paz. It grows as a shrub 1.2 to 1.5 meters high. A speci- 
men in flower and with young leaves just coming out was taken at Tinaja de San 
Esteban and one in flower and fruit between El Cajén and El Sacatén, December 28. 
Brandegee records this species from Todos Santos. 


342 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


Euphorbia misera Benth, 

This species was noted by us only in the vicinity of San Francisquito and Cala- 
mahué, It grows on dry, rocky hillsides as a shrub or very short-trunked tree 1.2 
to 1.8 meters in height and very thick at the base. The trunk and branches are much 
gnarled or contorted. A specimen with flowers and growing fruit was taken at Cala- 
mahué, September 15, The species is based on specimens taken at San Diego and 
San Quintin during the voyage of the Sulphur. It is recorded by Brandegee from 
San Martin and Natividad islands. 


Euphorbia tomentulosa S. Wats. 

A specimen of this species in flower and fruit was taken at the mouth of La Provi- 
dencia Canyon at the east base of the San Pedro Martir Mountains, June 26. It grows 
here as a shrub 0.5 to 1.2 meters high. Recorded by Brandegee from La Paz. 


Euphorbia xanti Engelm. LIGA. 

The “liga,” as it is called in the Cape District, was abundant on the coastal plain 
near Matancita and southward along much of our route to Cape San Lucas. It grows 
as a shrub 1.2 to 3 meters high. After rains fresh shoots thrown out are so tender that 
they snap off at the basal joints almost at a touch, allowing the poisonous, milky juice 
to flow freely. This juice often gets on the lips and faces of feeding animals and 
causes the hair to come off. It sometimes enters their eyes and results in more or 
less severe inflammation and even blindness. Several of our mules were affected by 
it. Flowering specimens of the plant were taken between Agua Colorada and Cerro 
Colorado, December 15, and between El Sacatén and Cape San Lucas, December 29, 
Brandegee records it from San José del Cabo, Todos Santos, and La Paz. 


Euphorbia eriantha Benth. 

In places along our route through the hill country from La Purisima to Comandt 
this species was common. A plant which we took to be the same species occurs on 
the coastal plain at least as far south as Matancita. It grows as a shrub 1.2 to 1.5 
meters high. A specimen in flower and growing fruit was taken between La Purisima 
and Comandt, November 4. Millspaugh records specimens in full fruit collected by 
Brandegee on Magdalena Island, January 22. Brandegee in his Flora of the Cape 
Region lists the species from San José del Cabo. This Euphorbia doubtless has a 
wide range, mainly in the Lower Sonoran Zone of the Peninsula. It has been recorded 
by Parish as far north as Agua Caliente, in southern California.) 


Jatropha canescens Muell. Arg. LomMbBol. PLate 116, A. 

A widely ranging representative of the flora of the Cape District. It was first seen 
by us near Santo Domingo, whence it was one of the most abundant and generally 
distributed species along nearly the whole route to Cape San Lucas, as also on the 
islands of Magdalena, Margarita, and Espiritu Santo. It forms a large shrub or a 
small tree 4.5 to 6 meters high. Specimens in flower were taken at Santo Domingo, 
September 26, and Tinaja de Santana, October 4, and in fruit between Tres Pachitas 
and Valle Flojo, December 25. This species is also common on the east side of the 
Gulf of California. 


Jatropha cordata (Orteg.) Muell. Arg. . 

This species resembles J. canescens in size and general appearance, but differs con- 
spicuously in its smoother leaves, which, as Brandegee says, “glisten in the sunlight 
as if varnished.’’? Specimens in fruit and flower were collected at about 600 meters 
altitude, 5 miles southwest of El Potrero on our way across the mountains from Mulegé 


‘Zoe 4: 166. 1893. * Zoe 2: 149, 1891. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. Plate 116. 


A. JATROPHA CANESCENS MUELL. ARG., CAPE SAN LUCAS. 


B. JATROPHA SPATHULATA MUELL. ARG., IN DRY SEASON, SANTA ROSALIA, 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 117. 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 343 


to La Purfsima. In his Flora of the Cape Region Brandegee records it as common at 
the higher elevations of the interior mountains. It was not seen by us, however, on 
the higher part of the Victoria Mountains. The species appears to belong in the sub- 
tropical area on both sides of the Gulf of California. 


Jatropha spathulata Muell. Arg. Maracora. PLATE 116, B. 

One of the widely ranging species which belong to the Cape District and reach 
well northward. Its distribution corresponds closely to that of Pedilanthus macrocar- 
pus. First seen by us near Calamahué and thereafter abundantly nearly all along 
the route to Cape San Lucas and on the islands of Margarita, Cerralvo, and Espiritu 
Santo. A very small tree or a shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high. At San Ignacio we were 
told that the women formerly wove the peeled branches of this species into baskets. 
The baskets were called “coras’’ and the name “matacora’’ appears to be derived 
therefrom. Specimens of the plant were collected at Calamahué, September 15, and 
at Tinaja de Santana, 35 miles north of San Ignacio, October 4. 


‘Manihot chlorosticta Standl. & Goldm.* 

Among the many plants of the Cape District that are evidently derived from the 
tropical flora of the adjacent mainland of Mexico isa Manihot which has recently been 
described from specimens taken by us, January 6, 1906, at San José del Cabo, where 
it is rather common. It had been collected before in the same vicinity, but was 
confused with M. carthaginensis, a more southern species with very different leaves 
and seeds. The species was not seen farther north. 


Pedilanthus macrocarpus Benth. CANDELILLA. PLATE 117, A. 

One of the most widely ranging and characteristic plants of the Peninsula. Its dis- 
tribution corresponds closely with that of Jatropha spathulata and other species of 
that genus. It was first seen at Calamahué and was noted as abundant at many 
localities southward on the mainland to Cape San Lucas and on the islands of Mag- 
dalena, Margarita, and Espiritu Santo. Shrub 1 to 1.5 metershigh. Rather generally 
distributed, but most abundant on the coastal plains along the west side of the Penin- 
sula. The thick, milky sap is very sticky and is said to produce a substance similar 
to rubber, with commercial possibilities. Specimens in flower and fruit were taken 
at Calamahué, September 15, and along the road from Santo Domingo to Matancita, 
November 15. 


Sebastiania bilocularis 8S. Wats. HIeRBA DE LA FLECHA. PLATE 117, B. 

Known to the people throughout the southern part of the Peninsula. It was first 
noted by us about 20 miles east of San Ignacio, and was abundant thence at intervals 
southward in the lower hill country to the vicinity of Cape San Lucas. It grows as 
a tree 3 to 6 meters in height, with spreading branches and rounded top clothed with 
dense, dark green foliage, in contrast with other desert vegetation. The tree is said 
to be poisonous and the local name implies an arrow poison. Exposure to the smoke 
from the burning wood and sleeping in the shade of the tree are said to cause sore 
eyes. At El Pescadero we were told that the milky juice from the finely chopped 
branches placed in water is used to kill fish. Specimens in flower were taken about 
20 miles east of San Ignacio, October 19, and in flower and fruit between El Pescadero 
and El Cajon, December 27. Millspaugh records material collected by Brandegee 
at La Purisima February 12, in excellent floral condition but lacking fruit. 

Under his original description Watson gives the type region as consisting of dry water- 
courses on the hills and mountains of northwestern Sonora. He also states that the 
plant is described as a tree 3 to 6 meters high with upright slender branches, and is 
called “yerba de fleche’”’ by the Papago Indians, who say that the Apaches used to 
poison their arrows with its milky juice. 


‘ 


1 See p. 311. 


344 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


BUXACEAE. Box Family. 


Simmondsia californica Nutt. JOJOBA. 

The “jojoba,” as it is known in Mexico, ranges mainly in the Lower Sonoran Zone, 
reaching southward along the basal slopes of the mountains from San Diego, Califor- 
nia, and the Colorado Desert into Sonora and Lower California and becoming less 
abundant near La Paz and on Carmen and Espiritu Santo islands. A species appar- 
ently the same was described by Kellogg from Cedros Island under the name Sim- 
mondsia pabulosa. Dr. J. A. Veatch, the collector, in notes accompanying the de- 
scription of Kellogg, says: “Growing in the ravines as well as in the crevices and 
fissures of nearly perpendicular cliffs. Fruit generally abundant, ripening in July 
and August, has the taste of a chestnut, with aslight bitterness. The goats and deer 
of the island are exceedingly fond of both the fruit and leaves and seem to live mostly 
upon them.”’ 

Few shrubs were as abundant or generally distributed along so much of our route. 
It was first seen in a dry rocky canyon near the eastern base of the Cocopah Mountains. 
Near the west coast it was found as far north as the Valley of Guadalupe, north of 
Ensenada, and thence upward along the basal slopes of the Sierra del Pinal and San 
Pedro Martir mountains to 840 meters at La Huerta and 900 meters near San Antonio. 
Along the open bottom of Windy Canyon on the east slope of the San Pedro Martir 
Mountains it was noted as high as 1,140 meters. It is associated with Covillea glu- 
tinosa throughout much of its range and, like it, extends from the desert east of the 
high mountains through San Matias Pass into Trinidad Valley on the west slope; but 
it reaches its greatest abundance near the center of its range between San Fernando 
and San Ignacio, in the extremely arid central section of the Peninsula. It grows 
as a shrub 1.2 to 2.5 meters high. The evergreen leaves are thickened and leathery; 
the flowers and fruit seem to be produced irregularly throughout the year. Speci- 
mens in fruit or flower, or both, were obtained as follows: Ensenada, February 28; 
La Huerta, June 2; Trinidad Valley, June 16; Jaragudy, September 9; Agua Colorada 
to Cerro Colorado, December 15; Espiritu Santo Island, February 7. 


ANACARDIACEAE. Cashew Family. 


Pachycormus discolor (Benth.) Coville. CopaLquin. Prater 118, A, B. 

This species, like dria columnaris, represents a monotypic genus confined to Lower 
California. The two are associated in the extremely arid central section of the Penin- 
sula and by their abundance, large size, and striking appearance. They, together 
with other strange desert forms, make that region seem a wonderland of plant mon- 
strosities. The impression that we were traversing an unreal world was especially 
strong during our night journeys, when the contorted trunks of the copalquin assumed 
still more fantastic shapes in the moonlight. 

The species was first seen by us near Agua Dulce, a few miles south of Onyx, and 
was very abundant in suitable situations along the route southward to Magdalena 
Bay, where it was first discovered during the voyage of the Sulphur. It was found 
to be at home on the stony slopes of desert mountains at all elevations up to about 
600 meters, usually disappearing as we ascended the higher, lava-covered mesas 
and rugged ridges along the backbone of the Peninsula, and was less abundant on 
sandy plains. It grows as a short-trunked tree, varying from 1.8 to 4.5 meters, very 
crooked, and tapering rapidly from the ground upward. The species apparently 
reaches its greatest development,on the basal slope of the Santa Clara Mountains, 
near the coast west of San Ignacio, where a number of trees with a basal trunk diam- 
eter of a meter were seen. During the dry season most of the trees are leafless, but 
they may produce flowers. Specimens in flower were obtained at Jaragudy, Septem- 


Contr, Nat. Herb., Vol. 16, PLATE 118. 


A. PACHYCORMUS DISCOLOR (BENTH.) COVILLE, IN DRY SEASON, SAN ANDRES. 


B. SAME SPECIES, SHOWING LARGER GROWTH, SANTA CLARA MOUNTAINS. 


PLaTe 119. 


'SVONT NYS 34V9 “OSONVHG ‘S$ 1 SITNGS Vuldlay 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 845 


ber 9, at San Andrés, September 21, on Margarita Island, November 29. On Cedros 
Island these trees were seen in 1859 by Doctor Veatch, who published some inter- 
esting notes concerning them, accompanying the description of a supposed new spe- 
cies by Kellogg.!’ He found the main trunks of full-grown trees averaging 60 cm. 
in diameter with the height of the trunk often less than that. A few exceptionally tall 
trees reached a height of 1.8 meters. He further says: “The trunk divides into sev- 
eral ponderous branches that shoot off horizontally and are bent and contracted into 
grotesque resemblances of the flexed limbs of a corpulent human being. These huge 
branches often terminate suddenly in a few short twigs covered with a profusion of 
red flowers, reminding one of the proboscis of an elephant holding a nosegay. The 
resemblance is heightened by the peculiar brown skinlike epidermis that forms the 
outer bark, which splits and peels off annually, accommodating the increase of growth. 
This epidermis, when removed, exposes the smooth greenish-colored surface of the 
spongy inner bark, which is from 1 to 2 inches in thickness. When this bark is cut 
through, a milky juice exudes that soon hardens into a compact mass of gum and 
resin. The quantity furnished from a single cut is considerable. 

‘The branches of the larger trees often shoot out to a horizontal distance of 20 feet 
from the trunk, thus covering an area of 40 feet in diameter. Smaller subordinate 
limbs spring upward from the upper side of the large boughs, and in this way give a 
neat oval appearance to the outline of the tree. When loaded with its bright red 
flowers, the effect is strikingly beautiful, particularly where hundreds of the trees 
stand near each other, intertwining their boughs, and forbidding ingress to the mys- 
terious space they cover and protect. The leaves are minute and fall off before the 
blossoms are fairly developed. The young tree looks a good deal like a huge radish 
protruding from the ground. On the mountain sides, from a little above seashore 
to an elevation of 1,500 feet, these trees grow scatteringly, singly, and in small clumps, 
but in the narrow vales of the ravines they sometimes form groves of several acres in 
extent, presenting the impenetrable and compact form above described. From June 
till August seems to be their blooming season.” 

Brandegee says the species also occurs on Natividad Island. 


Schmaltzia ribifolia Greene.’ 

The type of this species was taken by us at 1,140 meters elevation in San Matias 
Pass at the north end of the San Pedro M4rtir Mountains. It is rather common here, 
growing as a shrub 1.8 to 2.5 meters high and bearing ripe fruit June 28. 


Tapirira edulis T. 8. Brandeg. CrRvELA. PLate 119. 

The ‘‘ciruela,” as it is called in Lower California, is quite unlike the species of 
Spondias with which we became familiar under the same local name on the Isthmus 
of Tehuantepec and along the west coast of the Mexican mainland. The trees are 
somewhat similar in general appearance, but the fruit and leaves of this Tapirira 
are velvety and the fruit tasted by us was by no means so agreeable in flavor. The 
fruit, however, is eaten by the people of the Cape District and Brandegee says: ‘‘The 
ripe fruit is usually very pleasant to the taste, although on some trees it is always 
bitter. On a hot afternoon, far from water, it is always delightful to find the shade 
of one of these trees and eat the juicy ripe fruit with which the ground under them, 
in September, is in most cases plentifully sprinkled.”’ 

The ciruela was first seen by us in the hills between Agua Colorada and Cerro Colo- 
rado, northwest of La Paz. It was abundant at the lower elevations along much of 
our route throughout the Cape District south of La Paz and is a representative here 
of the tropical flora of Mexico. J. E. McLellan, in a field report dated August, 1895, 
mentions the ‘“‘pits” of ciruela fruit as the chief food at that season of the antelope 


1 Hesperian 4: 49-50. 1860. 2 See p. 311. 


346 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


squirrel (Ammospermophilus) inhabiting Espfritu Santo Island. The cirucla grows 
asa tree 7.5 to 9 meters in height, with a trunk diameter of 15 to 30cm. A specimen 
in fruit was taken between Agua Colorada and Cerro Colorado, December 15. 


CELASTRACEAE. Staff-tree Family. 


Maytenus phyllanthoides Benth. 

Along the shore of the bay a few miles north of La Paz we found this species abun- 
dant. It grows as a tree 4.5 to 7.5 meters high in low, swampy places, which may be 
submerged at high tide. A specimen was collected here February 3. The species 
was discovered at Magdalena Bay on the voyage of the Sulphur. It was noted by 
Brandegee on the coast at Todos Santos, San Jorge, La Paz, and San José del Cabo, 
and on Margarita Island. 

Watson records the species from the collection made by Palmer at Mulegé in 1887, 


STAPHYLEACEAE. Bladder-nut Family. 


Viscainoa geniculata (Kellogg) Greene. 

A Lower Sonoran desert shrub which, like Simmondsia californica, ranges widely 
in the Peninsula, but reaches its greatest abundance in the extremely arid central 
section from the vicinity of San Fernando south to San Ignacio. It was first met 
with at 1,140 meters altitude near San Matfas Pass, where it was taken in flower June 
17. It was not again noted until we were nearing Jaragudy, 58 miles southeast of 
San Fernando, when it suddenly became abundant on an open gravelly mesa and 
was seen along most of the route thence to San Ignacio. Beyond San Ignacio it was 
noted at intervals as far as Cerro Colorado, northwest of La Paz. The species has 
also been recorded from Sonora. Like Simmondsia californica it shows a preference 
for the desert region along the gulf side of the Peninsula, reaching across to the Pacific 
coast mainly in the central part of its range. It grows 1.5 to 3.5 meters high and is 
commonly associated with such species as Simmondsia californica, Covillea glutinosa, 
Idria columnaris, and Prosopis glandulosa, Besides a flowering specimen in San 
Matfas Pass, one was taken in fruit at Jaraguiy, September 9. 


AESCULACEAE. Buckeye Family. 


Aesculus parryi A. Gray. PARRY BUCKEYE, 

Found common on steep hill slopes facing the coast near Ensenada and up to about 
780 meters altitude near Ojos Negros in San Rafael Valley. It was also noted at 
intervals along the route from San Telmo southward to a point in the hills between 
Rosario and Las Cuevas, but beyond this it was not seen, the country becoming pure 
Lower Sonoran in character. The plant is a shrub 1.2 to 2.5 meters high and appears 
to belong in the Upper Sonoran Zone. Specimens in flower were taken at Ensenada, 
May 20. Recorded by Brandegee from Rosario. 


SAPINDACEAE. Soapberry Family. 


Dodonaea viscosa L. SWITCH SORREL. 

With this species we had already become familiar over wide tropical and sub- 
tropical areas in western Mexico. Although ranging so widely, it was not found in 
great abundance in the Peninsula. It was first noted at Yubay and then along the 
route from Pozo Altamirano to San Pablo. Farther south it was not seen again until 
we entered the foothills of the Victoria Mountains, south of La Paz, where it was 
more common. ‘The species grows as a slender shrub 3 to 6 meters high, reaching 


GOLDMAN—-PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 847 


up on the slopes of the Victoria Mountains to between 900 and 1,200 meters. Speci- 
mens were obtained as follows: Yubay, September 18 (flowers); San Bernardo to El 
Satiz, January 21; La Laguna to El Paraiso, January 29 (fruit). Recorded by Brande- 
gee from Jestis Marfa and San Pablo and in the Cape District. 


RHAMNACEAE. Buckthorn Family. 


Adolphia infesta Meisn. 

This well-armed and widely ranging species is common in places along dry arroyos 
at about 600 meters, on the west side of the San Pedro Martir Mountains. It grows 
as a shrub 1.5 to 2.5 meters high and appears to belong to the Upper Sonoran Zone. 
A flowering specimen was taken near San Antonio, August 1. 


Ceanothus goldmanii Rose.” 

Along the west slope of the Sierra del Pinal and San Pedro Martir mountains this 
abundant species is. associated in the Upper Sonoran Zone with G. submontanus. 
It was noted at elevations ranging from 840 meters on north slopes near La Huerta up 
to about 1,680 meters on the upper slopes of the Pinal Mountains and from 1,290 
meters between Pozo Luciano and El Pifiédn on open southwest slopes to about 1,950 
meters above Rancho Santo Toms in the San Pedro Martir Mountains. It was most 
abundant on warm slopes at about 1,500 meters, growing as a stout shrub 1.8 to 3.5 
meters in height and forming dense thickets. When one of the shrubs dies the branches 
have a peculiar habit of interlocking or knitting together at the tips, forming a spire. 
The type, in flower and fruit, was taken at La Huerta, June 2, and a specimen with 
empty seed capsules at El Pifién, July 5. The species passed as C. rigidus Nutt., until 
recently described as new. 


Ceanothus divaricatus Nutt. 

In the Transition Zone near La Grulla and along the road from La Grulla to Rancho 
Santo Tomas, in our descent of the San Pedro Martir Mountains, this shrub was noted 
in a number of places, sometimes associated with Arctostaphylos pringlei. It grows 
1.8 to 3.5 meters high. A specimen with ripening fruit was collected at La Grulla, 
July 20. The species is common in the same zone in the mountains of southern 
California, 


Ceanothus submontanus Rose.’ 

This recently described shrub, closely resembling C. ewneatus, ranges with C. 
goldmanii in the Upper Sonoran Zone on the western slopes of the Sierra del Pinal 
and San Pedro Martir mountains, but was less abundant than that species and not 
observed at so high elevations. It was noted at elevations ranging from 840 meters 
on north slopes near La Huerta up to about 1,650 meters near the summit of the Pinal 
Mountains and from 1,200 to 1,500 meters near El Pifién in the San Pedro Martir 
Mountains. It grows 1to 3 metersin height. The type, in fruit, was taken at Alamo, 
June 11, and a specimen with empty seed capsules at El Pifén, July 5. 


Ceanothus palmeri Trel. 

A specimen with empty seed capsules was taken near El Pifén, on the northwest 
slope of the San Pedro Martir Mountains, July 5. It was noted between 1,350 and 
1,500 meters on brush-covered hillsides, where C. submontanus and C. goldmaniu grew 
more abundantly, with other vegetation of the Upper Sonoran Zone. 


Colubrina glabra 8. Wats. 
Specimens of this shrub in flower and fruit were taken at 360 meters near Tinaja 
de San Esteban, 25 miles north of San Ignacio, October 5, and between 360 and 600 


See p. 311. 


848 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


meters, 20 miles east of San Ignacio, October 19. It grows asa shrub 1.8 to 3.5 meters 
high and appears to belong to the subtropical flora. Recorded by Brancegee from 
Magdalena Island, San Julio Canyon, and San José del Cabo. 


Karwinskia humboldtiana Zucc. 

A specimen in fruit, taken about 5 miles southwest of El Potrero, October 31, has 
been referred to this species by Mr. Brandegee. Another, also in fruit, which may 
represent another species, but is provisionally included in this, was collected between 
Cerro Colorado and Rodriguez, December 16. Brandegee records the species from 
La Paz, Todos Santos, and San José del Cabo. Karwinskia humboldtiana is appar- 
ently a very variable and widely ranging species, or possibly more than one species 
is passing under this name. As recognized at present, it ranges in the warmer areas 
from southern Texas and Lower California to southern Mexico or Guatemala. In 
southern Lower California it is associated with many tropical species. It grows here 
as a shrub 2.5 to 3.5 meters high. 


Rhamunus californica Eschw. CALIFORNIA BUCKTHORN. 

Specimens referred to this species by Mrs. Brandegee were taken in the San Pedro 
Martir Mountains. The species is common at the upper levels and was flowering at 
1,500 meters on northwest slopes near El Pifién, July 7, while it bore both flowers 
and partly grown fruit at 2,100 meters near La Grulla, July 20. 


Rhamuus crocea Nutt. EVERGREEN BUCKTHORN. 

The evergreen buckthorn is abundant in the Upper Sonoran Zone along the western 
side of the Sierra del Pinal and San Pedro Martir mountains, especially on open 
slopes, at about 1,350 meters altitude. Specimens were collected as follows: Laguna 
Hanson (1,680 meters), in flower, June 2; between Rancho Santo Tomas and San An- 
tonio (1,350 meters), in about full grown but still green fruit, July 28; near San Antonio 
(750 meters), in ripe fruit, August 1. 


MALVACEAE. Mallow Family. 


Abutilon californicum Benth. 

This shrub was discovered at Magdalena Bay on the voyage of the Sulphur. We 
collected it in flower and ripe fruit at Tinaja de San Esteban, 25 miles north of San 
Ignacio, October 5. It appears to belong to the subtropical flora of the Peninsula. 
Brandegee records it from Magdalena and Margarita islands, from the adjacent main- 
land, and from San José del Cabo. 


Abutilon palmeri A. Gray. 

A handsome shrub, 1.8 to 3.5 meters high. A specimen was taken in flower and fruit 
along the road from Agua Colorada to Cerro Colorado, December 15. Brandegee records 
this species from La Paz and Todos Santos, and specimens referred here were collected 
by him on Margarita Island. 


Gossypium herbaceum L. CoTTon. 

Cotton was formerly cultivated at San José del Cabo, La Purisima, Comandt, and 
as far north as San Fernando, but has been neglected in more recent years. <A few 
plants were growing in old fields and gardens. Brandegee records the species as 
escaped from cultivation at San José del Cabo. 


Gossypium davidsonii Kellogg. DAVIDSON COTTON. 
Wild cotton, referred to this species by Brandegee, was seen several times in the 
hills between Cerro Colorado and the Cafién de los Reyes in crossing the Peninsula 


PLATE 120. 


16, 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 


FOUQUIERIA PENINSULARIS NASH, SAN ANDRES, 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 349 


from Matancita to La Paz, but was more common at low elevations south of La Paz. 
Specimens with ripe bolls were collected between Cerro Colorado and Rodriguez, 
December 16, and with ripe bollsand flowers between Tres Pachitas and Valle Flojo, 
December 25. It is a shrub 1.2:to 2.5 meters high of no known economic value. 
Recorded by Brandegee from Magdalena Island, San Gregorio, and San José del 
Cabo. 


Gossypium harknessii T. 8. Brandeg. HARKNESS COTTON, 

This wild cotton, forming dense patches 1.2 to 1.8 meters high, is very abundant 
on the basal slopes of hills on Margarita Island, where it was discovered by Brande- 
gee. Specimens with flowers and maturing bolls were collected November 29. 


Hibiscus coulteri Harv. 

The handsome flowers of this species were seen in a few fertile spots along the road 
through the lava beds from La Purisima to Comandt. It isa shrub 1.8 to 2.5 meters 
high. Specimens were taken in flower November 5. Brandegee records the species 
from San José del Cabo and La Paz. 


STERCULIACEAE. 


Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville. FREMONTIA. 

We observed this handsome shrub or small tree only in the Upper Sonoran Zone 
at San Matias Spring, where the extreme northern end of the San Pedro Martir Moun- 
tains slopes down into San Matias Pass. Flowering specimens were taken June 28. 


Melochia tomentosa L. 

The range of this tropical shrub includes the southern half of the Peninsula. It 
was rather common in places, mainly near water among the hills in the interior. It 
was taken in flower and immature fruit at Tinaja de San Esteban, 25 miles north of 
San Ignacio, October 5. Brandegee records the species as common everywhere in 
the Cape District south of La Paz, except in the mountains. 


FOUQUIERIACEAE. Ocotillo Family. 


Fouquieria splendens Engelm. OCOTILLO, 

Among the most abundant shrubs in the Peninsula are this and the following spe- 
cies of Fouquieria. The “ocotillo,”’ as I’. splendens is locally called, ranges in the 
Lower Sonoran Zone from southeastern California southward along the east side of 
the high mountains, spreading across the Peninsula sovth of the San Pedro Martir 
Mountains, and finally meeting and, for a short distance only, overlapping the range 
of F. peninsularis in the vicinity of Rosarito. It is rather partial to gravelly or rocky 
hillsides and ascends the eastern basal slopes of the San Pedro Martir Mountains to 
1,140 meters in San Matias Pass. Near the west coast it was first seen between Rosario 
and Las Cuevas. It was taken in flower at San Fernando, September 4. 


Fouquieria peninsularis Nash. PALO DE ADAN. PLATE 120. 

The “palo de Adan,”’ as this species is called by the people of the Cape District, 
was first noted near San Andrés. Here it occurs along with #. splendens, from which, 
however, it differs very noticeably in habit. That species ramifies from near the 
ground into comparatively few stout, straight stems. Fouquieria peninsularis is usually 
not so tall, the stems are more numerous and much more ramified, and the small 
branches are more slender.and crooked. It usually has a well-formed but short trunk. 
Southward from the vicinity of Rosarito, beyond which F. splendens was not noted, 


5196°—16——_4 


350 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


the palo de Addn was one of the most abundant shrubs except on the upper slopes 
of the mountains. It was also seen on Magdalena and Cerralvo islands. It is more 
generally distributed than splendens, which prefers gravelly or rocky places, while 
the present species spreads from such areas out over sandy deserts. Like many other 
shrubs of this region, it is nearly or quite leafless during the dry season, but the full 
foliage appears in remarkably short time after the first rains. A deer killed on the 
desert west of San Ignacio about the middle of October had its stomach entirely filled 
with newly grown leaves of palo de Adin. Specimens were taken at various places 
from San Andrés to near Cape San Lucas between September 21 and January 19, 
showing that flowers and fruit are produced irregularly during much of the year. 
The range of this species and its association with so many southern plant forms seem 
to place it in the subtropical section of the flora. In his Flora of the Cape Region 
Brandegee records this species under the name “ Fouquiera spinosa’’ as occurring 
throughout the whole region excepting the high mountains. 


Idria columnaris Kellogg. Crrio. Prates 121, 122, A, B. 

Near Las Cuevas, a few miles southeast of San Fernando, we abruptly entered the 
range of the extraordinary tree known locally as “cirio.’’ It became at once a domi- 
nant species, giving to the entire landscape, by its strange configurations, an aspect 
very unlike anything we had ever seen. It is generally distributed over rocky hills 
and sandy flats, but is most numerous on the lower ground, where it commonly forms 
a scattered forest, the taller trees reaching a height of about 18 meters. In many 
places, especially along the high rocky backbone of the Peninsula, its range was 
interrupted, but it would reappear a few miles farther on. It was found to be dis- 
tributed along our route from near San Fernando to near the Tinaja de Santana, about 
halfway between Calmallf and San Ignacio, and its general range thus includes one 
of the most arid sections of the Peninsula. The younger trees are stocky and quite 
symmetrical, but the older ones are apt to become top-heavy and in overhanging 
assume many fantastic shapes. A flowering specimen was obtained at Jaragudy, 
about 58 miles southeast of San Fernando, September 9. The following notes on this 
species by Doctor Veatch accompanied the original description by Kellogg: 

“T found the /dria columnaris growing rather abundantly on the margin of the Bay 
of Sebastian Viscanio, at a point east of Cedros Island, on the coast of Lower California. 
It was observed mostly on the sandy and gravelly flats formed by the expansion of 
hil ravines in their approach to the shore. Near the same locality was also found 
the kindred genus Fouquieria, whose bright scarlet blossoms contrasted strongly and 
pleasantly with the pale yellowish inflorescence of the Idria.”’ 

Many of the larger trees are hollow. Bees introduced into Lower California have 
thrived in a wild state and frequently occupy the hollow trunks of the cirio. 


KOEBERLINIACEAE. Junco Family. 


Koeberlinia spinosa Zuce. ALLTHORN, 
A common Lower Sonoran species of the southwestern United States. Recorded 
by Brandegee at San Jorge. 


TURNERACEAE. Turnera Family. 


Turnera humifusa (Presl) Endl. DAMIANA, 

A small shrub found in the Cape District south of La Paz, as also along the west 
coast of Mexico, in both regions called “damiana.’? It is common, with a height of 
30 to 60 cm. along the basal slopes of the Victoria Mountains up to 1,050 meters. It 
is used as tea and in flavoring a liquor called “pazanita.”’ A flowering specimen was 
taken between San Bernardo and El Satz, in the Victoria Mountains, January 21. 
Brandegee records it as common at low elevations in the Cape District. 


‘OONVNYS4 NWS ‘90071134 SIYVNAN109 VIEd| 


PLaTe 121. 


PLATE 122. 


6. 


Vol. 1 


” 


erb 


Contr. Nat. H 


‘TIWWAV9 ‘(NMOYD 11N4) S31I93dG BWVS SHL “ 


"301nd 
wndy ‘(Y3MOT4 NI SLNVId SNNOA) 990713M SIEVNAN109 VI8G| 


Vv 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. 


CERRALVO ISLAND. 


/EB., 


ECHINOCACTUS DIGUETI | 


B. 


(e) 


A. ECHINOCACTUS FALCONER! OR 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 851 


CACTACEAE. Cactus Family. 


Bergerocactus emoryi (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose. 

Patches of this serpentine cactus were seen on the shores of the Bay of San Quintin 
and along the beach south of Socorro on the road to Rosario. The range of the spe- 
cies is doubtless more or less continuous along the coast northward to the type locality 
at the international boundary and may include some of the islands. The stems vary 
in length from less than 20 to 150 or 175 cm. In some of the larger patches the stems 
grow more or less upright to a height of a meter or more and then turn downward and 
trail along the ground. 


Echinocactus falconeri Orcutt. PLATE 1238, A, 

The genus Echinocactus is represented in the desert regions nearly throughout the 
Peninsula, but the number of species and their respective ranges have not been fully 
determined. The present seems to be the most abundant and generally distributed 
species from at least as far north as latitude 28° to Cape San Lucas. It also has an 
extended range along the coast on the east side of the Gulf of California. As usual 
in the group to which it belongs, this species prefers stony places, especially the 
rock-covered slopes along the backbone of the Peninsula. It grows commonly 0.5 
to 1.2 meters high. Specimens were collected at Calmalli, San José del Cabo, and 
along the road from El Sacatén to Cape San Lucas. 


Echinocactus rectispinus (Hngelm.) Rose. 

This Echinocactus was collected by us at 1,020 meters altitude near Tinaja de 
Santana, 35 miles north of San Ignacio, October 4. It was growing to a height of 
1 to 1.5 meters among the rocks on a lava-covered mesa. A species which we took 
to be the same was abundant nearly all the way from the Santa Clara Mountains 
across the Peninsula to Santa Rosalia and northward at least to Calmalli. The type 
came from the vicinity of Mulegé, where it was collected by Gabb in 1867. Speci- 
mens referred to this cactus by Rose were collected by him at the head of Concepcién 
Bay, April 5, 1911. The species probably has an extended range in the Peninsula 
similar to that of E. falconert. 


Echinocactus fordii Orcutt. 
Rose refers to this species specimens collected by him on San Bartolomé Bay, 
March 13, 1911. 


Echinocactus chrysacanthus Orcutt. 
Specimens referred to this species by Rose were collected by him on Cedros Island, 
March 10, 1911. 


Echinocactus orcuttii Engelm.? 

A species found growing abundantly in San Matias Pass, at the north end of the San 
Pedro Martir Mountains, was photographed but not collected. It is probably orcuttii, 
which was based on material collected by Orcutt in Palm Valley, in the drainage of 
the Tijuana River. 


Echinocactus digueti Web. VIZNAGA. PLATE 123, B. 

While in the vicinity of the Cape we were told of the giant “viznaga’”’ of Cerralvo 
Island, and on our visit found this species quite common. It grows mainly, or is 
more abundant, along the rocky lower slopes of this mountainous island, often within a 
few feet of the water. One of the larger plants, which was chosen to be photographed 
and from which specimens were taken, measured 2.3 meters in height and 2 meters 


352 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


in circumference, as measured by a tape line drawn as closely to the trunk as the 
projecting spines would permit. The usual height, however, is 1 to 2 meters. 

This Echinocactus was originally discovered by Leon Diguet on Santa Catalina 
Island, in the Gulf of California, about 100 miles north of La Paz. It was re-collected 
by Rose at the type locality and on Carmen Island in April, 1911. The species is 
not known to occur on the mainland. 


Echinocereus brandegei (Coult.) Schum. PLATE 124. 

Discovered at Campo Alemdn by Brandegee, April 24, 1889. It was first: noticed 
by us and collected at about 300 meters altitude in the bottom of the canyon at San 
Pablo. From this point southward to Matancita it was seen in a number of places 
along our route. Unlike the species of Echinocactus, it prefers the softer soil in the 
bottoms of canyons along the backbone of the Peninsula or on the plains near the 
west coast. It was noted as far west as the Santa Clara Mountains, but was more 
abundant on the coastal plain between San Jorge and Matancita, where it was col- 
lected in flower November 14. It grows in thick bunches usually not more than 0.5 
to 1.5 meters in diameter, the stems 15 cm. in length, some upright and others reclining. 


Lemaireocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose. 
PITAHAYA DULCE. ORGAN FIPE CACTUS. PLATE 125, A. 
The “pitahaya dulce,’’ so called in Lower California, was originally described from 
“a rocky canyon near the mountain pass of Bacuachi, a small town on the road to 
Arispe, in Sonora.’’ It was first seen on our route near Pozo Altamirano and afterwards 
from this point southward to Cape San Lucas we found it fairly common, except on 
very sandy areas. Its range in the Peninsula thus includes the southern half, from 
near latitude 28°. It occurs also on Cerralvo Island. The species grows among the 
rocks on the lava-covered mesas along the backbone of the Peninsula and on the plains 
near the Pacific coast. The fruit is gathered in quantities by the people, but seemed 
to us less palatable than that of the next. 


Lemaireocereus gummosus (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose. 
PITAHAYA AGRIA. PLATE 126, A. 
Well known throughout its range by the name given. It was first noted and col- 
lected by us in the vicinity of Yubay and was one of the most abundant and generally 
distributed cactuses along our route from this point southward to Cape San Lucas. 
It is also common on Magdalena, Margarita, Espfritu Santo, and Cerralvo islands. 
Brandegee recorded the species from San Martfn and Cedrosislands, and more recently 
Dr. Rose has collected it on the islands of Catalina and Santa Cruz in the Gulf of 
California. The plants grow 1.5 to 2 meters high, with numerous branches, The 
large fruit is slightly tart and very agreeable to the taste. It is much prized by the 
natives and to us seemed much superior to that of L. thurberi, which is sweeter and 
more insipid. 


Lemaireocereus eruca (T. S. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose. CHrrinoLaA. PLatr 127. 

We first saw this remarkable cactus on the coastal plain near Santo Domingo, about 
30 miles north of Matancita and here made a collection. From this point southward 
it was noted at intervals on the plains as far as the Llano de Yrais and on the lower 
and more sandy parts of Magdalena Island. The stems grow 1 to 3 meters in length 
and are nearly prostrate, and from this habit and their long whitish recurved spines 
have aptly been likened to huge caterpillars. The growing ends of the branches 
stand up from the ground, but progressive growth leaves the main body lying pros- 
trate. The stems become rooted along the lower sides and gradually die behind, 
resulting in a slow progression of the living portion along the ground. Multiplication 
of individuals frequently results from the decay of connecting parts. In some places 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 124. 


ECHINOCEREUS BRANDEGE! (COULT.) SCHUM., MATANCITA. 


PLATE 125. 


6. 


1 


Vol. 


Contr. Nat. Herb 


“OLINDSIONVYS 
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"YNWLNVS 30 
VPVNIL ‘3904 3 “LLING (WI39NQ) INSSYNHL SNSYROOTBIVNA “VY 


Contr, Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 126. 


B. LOPHOCEREUS AUSTRALIS (K. BRANDEG.) BRITT. & ROSE, CAPE SAN LUCAS. 


PLATE 127. 


16. 


Vol. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., 


‘OONINOG OLNVS ‘3804 ® ‘LLIYG (DSGNVYG “S “L) VONYR SNSYS0O3uIVNS] 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 8538 


disconnected plants forming a hollow circle can be traced by the remains of dead 
trunks toa common center. The plants show a preference for soft parts of the coastal 
plain and grow usually in groups, often topping a slight eminence formed of wind- 
drifted material. These cactuses serving as a sand binder and preventing erosion 
tend to favor further accumulations. The desert foxes (Vulpes macrotis devius) of 
the region find congenial burrowing places among the procumbent trunks. 


Lophocereus sargentianus (Orcutt) Britt. & Rose. 

Species of the genus Lophocereus range nearly throughout the desert regions of 
Lower California from the Cape northward to San Quintin on the Pacific coast and to 
the arid region near the upper end of the Gulf of California. The genus is also rep- 
resented in southern Arizona and Sonora. The distribution of the species, however, 
is imperfectly known. The present species was not distinguished from L. schottit by 
us in the field and may have been confused with it. We failed to note L, sargentianus 
at San Quintin, the type locality, but a Lophocereus seen in several places on the 
sandy plains between San Fernando and Pozo San Augustin may have been this 
species. 


Lophocereus australis (K. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose. PLATE 126, B. 

First noted by us along the road from San Pedro to Tres Pachitas, south of La Paz. 
From this point to the Cape and eastward to San José del Cabo it is quite common at 
low elevations wherever the soil is soft. It was noted by us north of La Paz. It has 
been credited by Britton and Rose to southwestern Sonora. Specimens were col- 
lected at Cape San Lucas, where the plant was growing in dense patches. It differs 
from schottii, which it seems to replace here, in its taller, more slender, and much 
more numerous stems. The ridges are 6 to 8 in number along the basal parts of stems, 
becoming irregularly more numerous toward the long-spined fruiting tips. 


Lophocereus schottii (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose. GARAMBULILO. PLATE 125, B. 

Originally described from Sonora and probably extending throughout the greater 
part of Lower California. It was first seen and collected by us near the mouth of 
Esperanza Canyon, at the east base of the San Pedro Martir Mountains and was com- 
mon over the desert to San Felipe on the Gulf of California. A species assumed to 
be the same was seen at San Francisquito and noted many times along our route 
southward to La Paz. ‘From near La Paz to Cape San Lucas it is replaced by DL. 
australis. Lophocereus schottii grows 1.8 to 3.5 meters high in alluvial valleys and 
canyon bottoms along the backbone of the Peninsula and on sandy plains. The spines 
are of two kinds, slender ones massed on the ends of the branches and extending 
downward from 30 to 125 or 150 cm. and shorter and stouter ones ranged along the 
ridges, into which the former change rather abruptly. The ridges are commonly 5 in 
number, but vary from 4 to 6. The large flowers appear along the line of demarcation 
between the two sets of spines. In the vicinity of La Purisima the species was in 
flower November 4. It is commonly known in the Peninsula as “garambullo,”’ a 
name applied also to Myrtillocactus geometrizans in the southern part of the plateau 
region of Mexico. 


Mamillaria roseana T. 8S. Brandeg. 

A specimen referred by Rose to this handsome species was collected at about 360 
meters elevation 20 miles east of San Ignacio. Brandegee gives its range as the lower 
elevations throughout the Cape District south of La Paz and northward to Calmalli. 
He further says:! “This cactus is one of the most showy of Lower California. Palmer 
collected it at La Paz, and it is no. 139 of the list from that place in Contributions 


1 Zoe 2:19. 1891. 


854 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


from the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 3,' catalogued by Rose, for whom it is appro- 
priately named. The stems pendent from rocks at Comandt are sometimes 6 feet 
long.” 


Myrtillocactus cochal (Orcutt) Britt. & Rose. 

Originally described from Todos Santos Bay; first seen by us in the hills along the 
road from Pozo Altamirano to San Pablo, October 3. It was at this time in flower, 
and the resemblance to M. geometrizans, the garambullo,? with which we became 
familiar in the plateau region of Mexico, was noted at once. The flowers are small, 
whitish, and inconspicuous. This was one of the rarer cactuses along our route from 
this point southward to the Cape. It was afterwards seen near Tinaja de Santana, 
in the hills about 20 miles east of San Ignacio, along the road from Agua Grande to 
Paso Hondo, a few miles north of Comandti, and near San José del Cabo. Brandegee 
records the species from San Martin Island. 


Opuntia pycnantha Engelm. 

Four species of flat-jointed Opuntia are known to occur in Lower California. The 
type of O. pyenantha came from Magdalena Bay, but little is yet known of the distri- 
bution of the species. It was collected by Brandegee on Magdalena Island in March, 
1889, and by Rose at Santa Maria Bay in March, 1911. Short, closely set, yellowish 
spines distinguish this form from its insular representative, the subspecies margaritana. 


Opuntia pycnantha margaritana Coulter. 

Margarita Island is the type locality of this form, which was described by Coulter 
in 1896, It was again collected there by Rose in March, 1911. It differs from 0. 
pycnantha of the mainland in its reddish instead of yellowish spines. 


Opuntia tapona Engelm. TUNA TAPONA, 

A species bearing edible fruit, described from material collected by William M. 
Gabb near Loreto while on his overland journey in 1867. Specimens recently col- 
lected by Rose indicate that its range extends thence to San José del Cabo. Rose 
also obtained this species on Pichilinque Island and on Espfritu Santo Island, where 
we had also collected it in 1906. 


Opuntia comonduensis (Coulter) Britt. & Rose. 

The known range of this species extends on the mainland from Comandt, the type 
locality, southward to San José del Cabo, where the plant was collected by Rose in 
March, 1911. He also obtained specimens on Carmen Island in April, 1911. 


Opuntia sp. PLATE 129, B. 
A species with short pinkish thorns grows abundantly along with O. cholla or a 
form of this in the vicinity of Agua Dulce and as far southward as Comandt. 


Opuntia cholla Engelm. CHOLLA. PLATE 128, A. 

One or more species of the O. cholla type are among the most abundant and gener- 
ally distributed cactuses throughout the desert region from Cape San Lucas north to 
the basal slopes of the San Pedro Martir mountains. This type of cactus does not occur 
or is not abundant on the desert near the delta of the Colorado nor in the northwest 
coastal region. 


Opuntia bigelovii Engelm. PLATE 128, B. 

This species, distinguishable at once from O. cholla by joints much more thickly 
beset with whitish spines, was seen in a few places near the Gulf coast from the Coco- 
pah mountains south to Calamahué. It is abundant on the coastal plain near San 
Felipe Bay. 


11: 70, 1890. 2 See under Lophocereus schottii, p. 353. 
P P 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. PLATE 128. 


A. OPUNTIA CHOLLA ENGELM., EsPiRiTu SANTO ISLAND. 


B. OPUNTIA BIGELOVI! ENGELM., SAN FELIPE BAY. 


PLATE 129, 


lat. Herb,, Vo!. 


Contr. 


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PLaTe 130. 


PLATE 131. 


Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. 


(C'ONNOYXDMOVG NI SNATVO ‘q 4O SLNV1d) 


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Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 16. 


PLATE 132, 


PACHYCEREUS PECTEN-ABORIGINUM (ENGELM.) BRITT. & ROSE, 


B. 


BRITT. & ROSE, SAN JOSE DEL 


A. PACHYCEREUS CALVUS (ENGELM. ) 


CaPE SAN LUCAS, 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 355 


Opuntia clavellina Engelm. NEEDLE CACTUS. PLATE 129, A. 

A cholla cactus which Rose associates with this species was.photographed about 5 
miles north of San Andrés, between that point and Punta Prieta Ranch, while we 
were on our way across the Peninsula from Yubay, September 30, 1905, The species 
was again seen in a few places on the coastal plain between San Andrés and Rosarito. 
It was more strongly armed than any species previously seen along our route, and 
owing to the difficulty of carrying such spiny material we neglected to collect speci- 
mens during the two days’ travel in which it was encountered, fully expecting to find 
it at some of our camps, where it could be more easily handled. But we looked in vain 
for the species at San Andrés, Rosarito, and farther southward, and it therefore seems 
to be one of the rarer cactuses of the region. It is remarkable for the unusual length of 
the spines. The type came from La Purisima., 


Pachycereus pringlei (S. Wats.) Britt. & Rose. Carp6n. PLATE 130. 

Five giant cactuses of the genus Pachycereus are credited by Britton and Rose to 
Lower California, but their ranges are imperfectly known, partly owing to our inability 
clearly to distinguish some of them in the field. One or more of them occur in nearly 
every part of the Peninsula except the higher mountains, the northwest coast region, 
and the Colorado Desert. P. pringlei ranges in Sonora, and from the east base of the 
San Pedro Martir Mountains southward along the middle of the Peninsula, probably 
to beyond Calmallf. Some of the largest cactuses we saw on the Peninsula were near 
Calmall{, where one had a basal diameter of about a meter. These seemed to be of the 
pringlei type, rather than like calvus, with which we later became familiar. 


Pachycereus calvus (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose. 
CarpON. CARDON PELON. PuaAtes 181, A; 182, A. 
In the Cape District this species is called ‘‘cardén pelén” to distinguish it from 
P. pecten-aboriginum, the ‘‘cardén barbén” or ‘“cardén hecho,” which occurs with it. 
Farther north it is known simply as ‘‘cardén,”’ a name applied by the people to giant 
cactuses in general. Pachycereus calvus, so far as known, is restricted to Lower Cali- 
fornia, Its range extends northward from the Cape, probably to about latitude 28°.. 
Its northern limit was undetermined, owing to our failure to distinguish it in that 
region from pringlei. Of the 5 giant cactuses of the genus Pachycereus in Lower Cali- 
fornia, this species is by far the most abundant and generally distributed. In places, 
especially valleys and canyon bottoms along the backbone of the Peninsula, it forms 
veritable forests, and it is this species that makes up the greater part of the cactus 
forest along the road from La Paz to El Triunfo, described by Brandegee 1 and also 
observed by us. Pachycereus calvus has the same general form as pringlei, the younger 
plants having the stem slender near the base and expanding toward the tops, but it is 
a lower-growing plant, the stems becoming conspicuously bald on top as the name 
indicates. 


Pachycereus titan (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose. PLATE 131, B. 

The status of this species is not very clear. The type material was taken by Gabb 
somewhere in the region “from Cape San Lucas to San Quintin.” It may be a tall 
species confused by us in the field with P. pecten-aboriginum, in which case it probably 
does not range much north of La Paz. 


Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose. 
CARDON BARBON. CARDON HECHO. PLATE 132, B. 
The popular names given are applied to this species in Lower California to distin- 
guish it from P. calvus. It is there restricted to the Cape District from near La Paz 
southward. The species was described from Hacienda San Miguel, near Batopilas, 


1 Zoe 1: 26-27. 1890. 


356 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Chihuahua, and occurs also in the hot canyons cutting the west side of the Sierra Madre 
in adjoining parts of southern Sonora. The species is much less abundant, even within 
its restricted range in the Peninsula, than P. calvus. It differs from calvus conspicu- 
ously in the stems, being more cylindrical, less contracted near the base, and less 
expanded toward the tops. It varies in height from 4.5 to 7.5 meters or more. Unlike 
calvus, which is more generally distributed, it is found mainly along arroyos, or on the 
lower more sandy land. Palmer, who collected the type material, stated that the 
Indians grind the seed to mix with their meal, and use the bristly covering of the fruit 
aga hair brush. Specimens were collected by us in fruit on the road from San Pedro 
to Tres Pachitas, December 24, and in flower near Cape San Lucas, December 29, 


Pachycereus orcutti(K. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose. 

Described from a plant obtained by Mr. C. R. Orcutt near Rosario in May, 1886. A 
few giant cactuses noted by us at 900 meters elevation on warm southwest slopes of 
the San Pedro Martir Mountains between Santo Tomas and San Antonio were probably 
of this species and approach the northern limit of the range of the genus on the western 
slope. A few others were seen along the road from Socorro to Rosario, very near the 
type locality. No specimens of this little known species were collected by us, its 
close resemblance to P. pringlei in the field leading us to assume that the two were the 
same. Giant cactuses of several species range in the area from near Rosario to Cape 
San Lucas, and the southern limit of orcutti has not been determined. 


Pereskiopsis brandegei (Schum.) Britt. & Rose. ALCAJER, 
The “alcajer,’’ as this peculiar cactus is locally called, was first noted by us near 
Mantancita and was seen a few times at low elevations between this point and the 
type locality, Cape San Lucas, and on Espfritu Santo Island. No fruit or flowers were 
seen until January 30, when a fine plant in fruit was found on the road near El Triunfo. 
This plant had a somewhat sinuous basal stem, perhaps an inch in diameter, which 
extended from the ground into the lower branches of a small tree and there subdivided 
into 6 main branches, which ramified throuzh the top of the tree. The tips of the 
branches are rather heavy and show a tendency to hang downward. The height of 
the plant was that of the tree, about 6 meters. The fruit is said to be edible, but very 
sour. Allied species occur in Sinaloa and other parts of Mexico and in Guatemala. 


Wilcoxia striata (T. S. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose. 
JARRAMATRACA. RACAMATRACA. 
Under various local names this slender little cactus is well known to the people in 
southern Lower California. It occurs also in Sonora. We first noticed it on the 
Vizcaino Desert, near the eastern base of the Santa Clara Mountains, where our men 
called it “‘jarramatraca.’’ It was noted in a number of places on the plains near the 
Pacific coast from this point southward to San José del Cabo, the type locality. At 
Matancita it was called ‘“racamatraca,” and here, during our visit in the middle of 
November, many of the plants were bearing bright red and fully ripe fruit. The fruit 
is large for so small a species. North of La Paz this cactus was seen only on the coastal 
plains, but near the Cape it grows also at the lower elevations on the basal slope of 
hills, The plants are inconspicuous, the slender stems usually rising from the ground 
near the base of some shrub and finding partial support upon the branches. Three or 
four tubers resembling sweet potatoes radiate from the base of each plant 3 or 4 inches 
below the surface of the ground. In one instance these tubers were examined a few 
days after a rain, when the soil surrounding them had already become thoroughly dry. 
Their tenderness made removal difficult without breakage. On being bruised or 
broken water stored in them flowed very freely. Near San Ignacio we were told that 
the tubers are sometimes crushed and a cloth saturated with the juice applied to the 
chest for lung troubles. 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 357 


Specimens lacking both fruit and flowers were collected near the Santa Clara Moun- 
tains, October 14. Fruiting specimens were taken a few miles north of Matancita, 
November 15, and between El Pescadero and El Cajén, December 27. Material in 
the U. S. National Herbarium was obtained by Palmer on Carmen Island, November 
1-7, 1890. Brandegee, in describing the species, recorded it from Magdalena Island, 
Margarita Island, and northward to. beyond San Ignacio. 


RHIZOPHORACEAE. Mangrove Family. 


Rhizophora mangle L. MANGROVE. MANGLE. 

The mangrove is abundant along parts of the coast of the Cape District and the 
adjacent islands. It was first seen by us on the east coast between Santa Rosalia 
and San Bruno, and on the west coast near Matancita, Mangrove lagoons of the 
familiar type seen along the coasts of southern Mexico occur on the shores of the bays 
of Magdalena and La Paz and on the islands of Magdalena, Margarita, and Espiritu 
Santo. Brandegee records the species as covering large areas of shallow water along 
the lagoons as far north as San Jorge. It is known to the people as ‘‘mangle.”” A 
specimen in flower was collected at La Paz, February 17. 


COMBRETACEAE. Combretum Family. 


Conocarpus erecta L. 

This tree, widely distributed along the coasts of tropical America, was taken in fruit 
on the west coast of the Cape District near El Pescadero, December 26. It grows 
4.5 to 7.5 meters high with local habitat much like that of Maytenus phyllanthoides, 
but it also thrives on saline soil beyond the reach of the tide. In some low places it 
forms dense shady groves from which other trees are largely excluded. 


ONAGRACEAE. Evening Primrose Family. 


Burragea fruticulosa (Benth.) Donn. Sm. & Rose. 

This species is the type of a new genus recently described by Capt. John Donnell 
Smith and Dr. J. N. Rose. It is made a new genus on account of its very remarkable 
fruit, which is buried in the tissues of the flowering branches. It is a low bushy 
shrub, 30 to 60 cm. high, and grows on the slopes bordering the bay shore of Magdalena 
Island, where it was collected in flower November 24. Brandegee records it as a 
small spreading or decumbent bush 2 or 3 feet high, seen only on Magdalena and 
Margarita islands. 

A second species, Burragea frutescens (Curran) Donn. Sm. & Rose, was collected by 
Rose on the ocean side of Magdalena Island in 1911. This when in flower is one of 
the most handsome shrubs in Lower California, being covered with a mass of pink. 


Xylonagra arborea (Kellogg) Donn. Sm. & Rose. 

Xylonagra, based on Hauya arborea (Kellogg) Curran, was recently described by 
Capt. John Donnell Smith and Dr.J. N. Rose. It is not only very different from true 
Hauya in habit and flowers, but also grows in very different floral zones. Geograph- 
ically Hauya is restricted to Mexico and Guatemala. 

This handsome shrub was discovered by Veatch on Cedros Island, growing in open, 
sterile, rocky, and clayey soils, at an elevation of from 180 to 600 meters. It was 
described and figured as an Oenothera by Kellogg in 1860.1. The flowering season is 
irregular or considerably prolonged, perhaps depending on the occurrence of rain. 


? Hesperian 4: 1, 2. 1860. 


358 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


Like some other shrubs of the region, it may produce flowers and fruit at a time when 
the plants are nearly or quite leafless. Specimens in the National Herbarium from 
Cedros Island were taken by A. W. Anthony, July-October, 1896, and March-June, 
1897. On the adjacent coast of the Peninsula it was collected at San Bartolomé Bay 
by Lieut, Charles F, Pond, U. 8. N., April 27, 1889, and by Anthony again at Santa 
Rosalia Bay, July-October, 1896. Specimens from the mountainous interior at San 
Pablo were referred to this species by Brandegee, although they appeared to differ 
insome respects.! We found this species in a few places along the sandy coast near 
San Andres. It grew 60 to 120 cm. high, and at the time of our visit (September 21) 
was entirely leafless but bearing fruit and handsome flowers. The latter are dark 
red and conspicuous, Specimens were taken. 


Zauschneria californica Presl. CALIFORNIA FUCHSIA. 

Noted in a number of places along the west side of the San Pedro Mirtir Moun- 
tains, The species is recorded by Brandegee from Santa Marfa, east of San Fernando. 
It ishere a shrubby plant 1.2 to 1.5 meters high growing on gravelly slopes bordering 
small valleys in overlapping portions of the Upper and Lower Sonoran zones. <A 
specimen in flower and fruit was taken at 1,020 meters altitude near Rancho San 
Antonio, August 1. 


ARALIACEAE. Ginseng Family. 


Aralia scopulorum T. S. Brandeg. 

A fruiting specimen was taken at Tinaja de Santana, 35 miles north of San Ignacio, 
October 4. The plant was a shrub 4.5 meters high, growing near a spring in the hills 
at 1,020 meters. Brandegee found the species common on the rocks of Comandti 
Canyon, where the type material, including flowers and young fruit, were collected 
in March. 


CORNACEAE. Dogwood Family. 


Garrya veatchii palmeri Eastw. QUININE BUSH. 

This was noted in a few places between 1,350 and 2,100 meters elevation, in the 
Upper Sonoran Zone, along the western slopes of the Sierra del Pinal and San Pedro 
MArtir mountains. It grows 1.5 to 2 meters high on dry hillsides where species of 
Adenostoma and Arctostaphylos are dominant shrubs. A fruiting specimen was taken 
at 2,100 meters near the Rancho Santo Tomas, in the San Pedro Martir Mountains, 
July 26. Since our specimens seem referable to palmert it seems probable that typ- 
ical G. veatchit may be confined to Cedros Island, where the type was collected by 
Veatch about 1858 or 1859. 


Garrya salicifolia Eastw. QUININE BUSH. 

A large Garrya, with willow-like leaves, inhabits the Sierra de la Laguna. It is 
one of a number of Upper Sonoran shrubs which are separated from their congeners - 
to the northward by the long desert section of the Peninsula. It was common in 
places near our camp at La Laguna, along with Heteromeles and other shrubs, growing 
to a height of 3.5 to 5.5 meters, A fruiting specimen was taken January 27. 


ERICACEAE. Heath Family. 


Arbutus .peninsularis Rose & Goldm? 
This madrofio, recently described, was listed by Brandegee in his Flora of the Cape 
Region as A, menziesii, the well-known madrofio of California, which probably ex- 


* proc, Calif. Acad. II. 2: 157. 1889. ? See p. 311. 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 859 


tends into northern Lower California. It differs from <A. menziesii in having the 
leaves tomentose and green beneath instead of glabrous and glaucous and in its more 
crowded inflorescence and larger calyx lobes. The type was collected by us near La 
Chuparosa, on the upper slope of the Sierra de la Laguna, January 23, 1906.° 

The species is rather abundant and generally distributed along with the oaks in 
the Upper Sonoran Zone from about 1,200 meters elevation to the summit of the 
Sierra de la Laguna. It occurs disconnectedly here on the mountain tops, like 
numerous other species whose congeners are absent in the wide desert interval to the 
northward. 


Arctostaphylos sp. 

A specimen of an undetermined and perhaps undescribed manzanita bearing ripe 
fruit was taken at about 1,500 meters altitude along the trail on the west slope of the 
San Pedro Martir Mountains between Rancho Santo Tom4s and San Antonio, July 28. 
The species is less abundant than A. glauca, with which it occurs. In habit of growth 
it is similar to glauca, reaching a height of 1.8 to 3 meters. 


Arctostaphylos bicolor (Nutt.) A. Gray. MANZANITA. 

Common in places along the steep Upper Sonoran slopes of the hills fronting the 
coast near Ensenada and eastward to about 780 meters altitude near Ojos Negros. 
Beyond this the open plain in San Rafael Valley, largely Lower Sonoran in character, 
is unsuitable for its growth. It was collected in fruit about 15 miles east of Ensenada, 
May 31. Brandegee records the specie: from Rancho Viejo. 


Arctostaphylos pringlei Parry. MANZANITA. 

Abundant in the Transition Zone on the upper slopes of the Sierra del Pinal and 
San Pedro M&rtir mountains. It is associated with A. glauca and the two form dense 
thickets between 2,100 and 2,250 meters altitude near La Grulla. It was taken in 
flower at Laguna Hanson, June 7, and in ripe fruit at La Grulla, July 20. Brandegee 
states that this manzanita blooms later and is more viscous, with redder bracts and 
flowers, than the other species of the general region. 


Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. MANZANITA. 

The most abundant manzanita in the Peninsula. It ranges upward, mainly in the 
Upper Sonoran Zone, from about 840 meters near La Huerta and Trinidad Valley to 
near the summit of the Sierra del Pinal and on the warmer slopes to above 2,100 meters 
altitude in the San Pedro Martir Mountains. It forms thickets which at the higher 
levels are largely mixed with A. pringlei. Fruiting specimens were collected at La 
Huerta, June 2; El Pifién, July 5; La Grulla, July 20. 


Arctostaphylos oppositifolia Parry. MANZANITA. 

This tall, slender-leaved species, so unlike the other manzanitas, is common in 
places on the Upper Sonoran slopes along the west side of the San Pedro Martir Moun- 
tains. Specimens in fruit were taken at the 1,500 meter level in descending from 
Rancho Santo Tomds to San Antonio, and at 1,020 meters on a ridge a few miles 
west of San Antonio, on the trail to San Quintin. It is a larger species than the 
other manzanitas of the Peninsula, commonly reaching a height of 4.5 meters. 


EBENACEAE. Ebony Family. 


Brayodendron texanum (Scheele) Small. ZAPOTILLO. GUAYPARIN. 

A persimmon tree about 2 meters high, probably of the species listed by Brandegee 
under this name, but perhaps representing a distinct species, was first noted among 
the sand dunes at Cape San Lucas, where a specimen was collected. The species 


360 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


was later found in a similar situation at San José del Cabo and in rocky places on 
Cerralvo Island. At San José del Cabo the fruit was ripening January 8. Brandegee 
lists the species as a small tree not uncommon along the base of the mountains, in 
the Cape District south of La Paz. The fruit he describes as about an inch in diame- 
ter, black when ripe, and very pleasant to the taste. He gives “‘guayparin” as a 
native name, but it was pointed out to us as ‘“‘zapotillo,”’ 


OLEACEAE. Olive Family. 


Fraxinus attenuata Jones. Fresno. ASH. 

Noted as common in the Upper Sonoran Zone along canyons in the hills near Ense- 
nada and eastward as far as Ojos Negros in San Rafael Valley. It is a shrub or small 
tree 3 to 4.5 meters high. Specimens with ripe fruit were taken at Ensenada, May 20, 
and at the same locality, in flower and still retaining old fruit, February 28. The 
species was recorded by its describer from Valley of Palms, Lower California, and 
Catalina Mountains, Arizona. 


APOCYNACEAE. Dogbane Family. 


Plumiera mexicana Lodd. CACALOXOCHITL. 

A specimen in fruit, taken between Valle Flojo and El Pescadero, is somewhat 
doubtfully referred to this species. It represents a genus widely distributed in 
tropical America and in the Old World. This species was seen in a few places at 
low elevation south of La Paz. It forms a tree 6 to 9 meters high. According to 
Brandegee, who also recorded specimens, it is known locally as ‘‘cacaloxéchitl,”’ 
an old Aztec word and the same term which is applied to it in Central America. 


Vallesia dichotoma Ruiz & Pav. 

This representative of the tropical flora of the Peninsula was first seen in the hills 
about 20 miles east of San Ignacio, where a flowering specimen was taken October 19. 
It was more abundant at low elevations south of La Paz, as a small tree 3 to 4.5 meters 
high. Brandegee records it from San Gregorio and refers to it material collected 
by Palmer at Mulegé. The flowers are small and nearly hidden in the dense foliage. 
The species occurs also in about the same latitude along the coast of Sonora and 
Sinaloa. 


ASCLEPIADACEAE. Milkweed Family. 


Rothrockia cordifolia A. Gray, TALAYOTE. 
Vines of this type were common and in many places conspicuous climbers over 
other vegetation along our route in the hill country from Comandt southward. Flow- 
ering specimens were taken at Comandti, November 6, and between Tres Pachitas 
and Valle Flojo, December 25. Brandegee records it as a common plant of the Cape 
District. 
CONVOLVULACEAE. Morning-glory Family. 


Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) Sweet. GOAT’S-FOOT MORNING-GLORY. 

This morning-glory, so widely distributed on tropical shores, is a very common 
beach plant in suitable places along the coasts of the Cape District south of La Paz. 
It spreads in rank profusion over the sand dunes, the prostrate branches reaching a 
length of 6 to 12 meters, <A flowering specimen was taken between Cape San Lucas 
and San José del Cabo, January 4. Brandegee records the species on the ocean 
beach at Todos Santos, San José del Cabo, and La Paz. 


*Zoe 2: 151, 1891, 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 861 


Jacquemontia abutiloides Benth. 

The beautiful flowers of this shrubby vine were first seen by us near Tinaja de 
Santana, 25 miles north of San Ignacio, October 5, and a specimen was here taken. 
It was common in the vicinity and was observed at intervals southward to Cape 
San Lucas. The species was published in the Botany of the Voyage of the Sulphur 
from material collected at Magdalena Bay and represents in the Peninsula a group 
of wide distribution in tropical America. In his field notes Brandegee says: ‘‘For 
producing quantity of color, Jacquemontia abutiloides far excels any of its near rela- 
tives, the Ipomoeas. It is usually Jow but sometimes spreads out over bushes a length 
of 10 feet, and when in full bloom seems to bear more flowers than leaves; it is then 
a mass of blue.’”? 


HYDROPHYLLACEAE. Waterleaf Family. 


Eriodictyon angustifolium Nutt. 

Abundant in the Upper Sonoran Zone on chaparral-covered slopes from about 
840 meters near Ojos Negros and in Trinidad Valley up to about 1,500 meters altitude 
near El Pifién on the western slope of the San Pedro Martir Mountains. Flowering 
specimens were taken between Ojos Negros and Alamo, June 10, and at Arroyo de 
Leén on the way from Trinidad Valley to El Pifidn, July 4. 


Eriodictyon sessilifolium Greene. 

This shrub, 1.2 to 2.5 meters high, was common in places along the sandy coast of 
San Quintin. It was taken in flower August 2. In a paper on the southern extension 
of the California flora Brandegee says of this species: ‘‘ Hriodictyon sessilifolium Greene 
is common in many places in the northern Peninsula. Mr. Greene was mistaken in 
crediting it to Alta California, for Mr. J. M. Hutchings, the earliest recorded collector, 
states that the label quoted by Mr. Greene (Bull. Cal. Acad., I, 201) is an error and that 
the specimen was collected between Ensenada and Tia Juana.” ? 


BORAGINACEAE. Borage Family. 


Cordia watsoni Rose. 

This very handsome species was first noted by us along sandy arroyos near Tinaja de 
San Esteban and extended thence for a few miles southward toward San Ignacio. 
It was also seen at intervals along the road from San Ignacio to Santa Rosalia, but 
was nowhere abundant. It grows as a shrub 1.8 to 2.5 meters high. Specimens 
bearing the large conspicuous white flowers were collected October 5. Cordia watsoni 
was based on material collected at Guaymas by Palmer. 


Bourreria sonorae 8. Wats. 

This species was found rather sparingly in a few places at low elevations in the 
Cape District south of La Paz, and on Espiritu Santo Island. It grows on rocky 
hillsides as a large shrub or small, scrubby tree 3 to 6 meters high, with dense, stiff 
dark-green foliage. Specimens in fruit were collected along the route from El Sacatén 
to Cape San Lucas, December 29, and on Espfritu Santo Island, February 7. Bran- 
degee records the species from San José del Cabo and La Paz. 


VERBENACEAE. Vervain Family. 


Duranta plumieri Jacq. 
This species, which is widely dispersed in tropical and subtropical America, includes 
in its range the Cape District south of La Paz. It is rather common along the basal 


* Zoe 2: 148. 1891. * Zoe 4: 208. 1893. 


362 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


slopes of the Victoria Mountains as a thorny shrub 3 to 3.5 meters high. A fruiting 
specimen was taken at 720 meters near Rancho San Bernardo, January 20, Brandegee 
found this species in the same vicinity and states that it is common at middle eleva- 
tions on the west side of the mountains, sometimes forming impenetrable thickets. 


Lantana camara L, 

A flowering specimen of this Lantana was taken at 1,050 meters between Rancho 
San Bernardo and El Satz in the Victoria Mountains, January 21. It was common 
in the vicinity. This is another of the tropical or subtropical American species 
with a range extending to southern Lower California. 


Lantana involucrata L. 

This widely dispersed tropical and subtropical shrub is abundant in the Cape 
District south of La Paz, where it has an altitudinal range from near sea level to about 
1,200 meters on the southern slopes of the Victoria Mountains, Flowering and fruiting 
specimens were taken between El Cajén and El Sacatén, December 28; between 
San Bernardo and El Satz, January 21; and between El Parafso and El Triunfo, 
January 30. 


Lippia barbata T. S. Brandeg. 

The specimens on which Mr. Brandegee based this species were brought by a native 
of Comandt from La Giganta, a high mountain in the vicinity. A flowering specimen 
was taken by us on the road from Laguna to El Parafso in the Cape District south of 
La Paz, January 29. The plant was a shrub 1.8 to 3.5 meters high, occurring at about 
510 meters altitude on the north side of the mountains. 


Lippia formosa T. 8. Brandeg. 

A flowering specimen of this species was taken between San Pedro and Tres Pachitas 
in crossing the Peninsula south of La Paz, December 24. It was noted in several 
places in the same vicinity, growing 1.8 to 2.5 meters high along with other shrubby 
vegetation in the midst of a forest of Pachycereus calvus, one of the giant cactuses of 
the region. Brandegee describes it as a common bush with rather showy flowers, 
growing on the hills about Todos Santos. 


Lippia palmeri S. Wats. 

Not uncommon in rocky places among the hills 20 miles east of San Ignacio, where 
it was taken in flower October 19. It was also collected in flower along the road 
from Agua Colorada to Cerro Colorado northwest of La Paz, December 15. Brandegee 
records it from Miraflores in the Cape District south of La Paz. Lippia palmeri was 
described from specimens taken at Guaymas and therefore includes in its range 
subtropical areas on both sides of the Gulf of California. It is a small bush 0.5 to 
1.8 meters high. 


MENTHACEAE. Mint Family. 


Mesosphaerum insulare Standl. & Goldm.? 

On Espiritu Santo Island this shrub was observed to be common along the basal 
slopes of the rugged hills which form the high interior of the island, where it was 
collected February 7, 1906. It is one of the plants recently described from material 
obtained by our expedition. 


Mesosphaerum emoryi (Torr.) Kuntze. 
This Lower Sonoran shrub of Arizona and California seems to enter the Peninsula 
through the desert region east of the Sierra del Pinal and the San Pedro Mértir Moun- 


1See p. 311, 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 863 


tains and may extend far southward. It was rather common in the rocky and gravelly 
deposit where La Providencia Canyon opens on the desert at the east base of the high 
mountains and was taken in flower there June 26. A specimen in the U. 8. National 
Herbarium, also in flower, was collected at Santa Rosalfa Bay by A. W. Anthony, 
July-October, 1896. Mesosphaerum emoryi is a northern representative of a group 
mainly tropical in distribution. 


Mesosphaerum laniflorum (Benth.) Kuntze. 

This species is abundant at the lower elevations in the Cape District from La Paz 
southward. It was published in the Botany of the Voyage of the Sulphur from material 
taken at Cape San Lucas. Flowering specimens in the U. 8. National Herbarium 
were collected at the type locality by Xantus, between August, 1859, and January, 
1860; at La Paz by Palmer, January 20-February 5, 1890; at Todos Santos by Brande- 
gee, January 29, 1890; and at Las Animas by Purpus in 1901. 


Mesosphaerum palmeri (S. Wats.) Goldman. 

The range of this shrub includes the coast of southern Sonora and the Cape District 
of the Peninsula, It is common in the subtropical belt on the lower slopes of the 
Victoria Mountains, Flowering specimens were taken between Miraflores and Rancho 
San Bernardo, January 20, and at 750 meters altitude between La Laguna and El 
Paraiso, January 29. 


Monardella linoides A. Gray. 

This little undershrub, perhaps representing the subspecies stricta of Parish, was 
common in the open pine forest at 2,400 meters altitude in the Transition Zone of the 
San Pedro Martir Mountains, It was taken in flower at Vallecitos, July 15. 


Monardella macrantha A. Gray. 

A very small shrub or woody herb growing abundantly in the open. pine forest at 
2,400 meters altitude in the upper part of the Transition Zone in the San Pedro Martir 
Mountains. The large, handsome flowers were quite conspicuous near Vallecitos, 
where specimens were taken July 15. 


Ramona incana pachystachya (A. Gray) Heller. 

In many parts of the open pine forest in the San Pedro Martir Mountains this sage 
was the most common shrub. It was noted from about 1,500 meters on north slopes 
near El Pifién up to near the summit of the range, but was most abundant in the 
upper part of the Transition Zone. Flowering specimens were taken at El Pifidn, 
July 7, and at Rancho Santo Tomas, July 26. 


Ramona polystachya (Benth.) Greene. 

This sage was rather common along the basal slopes of hills bordering Trinidad 
Valley, where it was taken in flower, at about 780 meters, June 16. The species 
appears to belong to the Upper Sonoran Zone. 


Salvia californica T. S. Brandeg. 

This Salvia was described from Calmallf, where Brandegee collected it while on his 
overland journey from Magdalena Bay to San Quintin. We found it abundant at 
about 300 meters along canyons in the hills near San Pablo, not far to the southward 
of Calmallf. Itisashrub about a meter high, associated here with both Lower Sonoran 
and tropical or subtropical species. Flowering specimens were taken October 3. 


Salvia similis T. 8. Brandeg. 

A common shrub growing 1.8 to 3 meters high along small streams and in shaded 
canyons in the Upper Sonoran Zone on the upper slopes of the Sierra de Ja Laguna. 
It was taken in flower af 1,350 meters on the road from Rancho San Bernardo to El 
Satiz, January 21. This species is restricted, so far as known, to these mountains, 


364 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


SOLANACEAE. Nightshade Family. 


Lycium richii A. Gray. F'RUTILLA. 

Species of the genus Lycium, growing as shrubs 1.8 to 2.5 meters high, form an 
important element in the desert flora nearly throughout the Peninsula and on many 
of the islands, but they are not well known, and most of our specimens are still unde- 
termined. The berries are eaten by small desert rodents and by some of the birds. 
At San Felipe Bay the holes of Citellus tereticaudus were numerous under shelter of a 
dense thicket made up almost entirely of Lycium bushes (perhaps D. torreyt), and the 
animals were carrying the ripening berries in their cheek pouches. In these species 
the fruiting season is much prolonged, and it is not unusual to find flowers with fruit 
at all stages of development on the plant at the same time. Specimens referred by 
Brandegee to L. richii were collected in flower and fruit at Comandi, November 7, 
and in fruit along the road between Tres Pachitas and Valle Flojo, December 25. 
Brandegee records L. richit from La Paz. The native name “‘frutilla” is applied 
indiscriminately to several species. 


Solanum hindsianum Benth. 

This species was common in many places along the route from San Francisquito 
southward to San Ignacio and thence eastward to Santa Rosalfa. It is well distrib- 
uted, but more abundant in soft soil along arroyos, growing as a shrub 1.5 to 3 
meters high. Some plants are entirely thornless, while others have a few thorns 
distributed irregularly along the branches. Flowering specimens were collected at 
San Francisquito, September 11, and at Tinaja de San Esteban, 25 miles north of 
San Ignacio, October 5. 


SCROPHULARIACEAE. Figwort Family. 


Diplacus arachnoideus Greene. 

Found rather common on the same hill slopes with Diplacus puniceus in the Upper 
Sonoran Zone along the road from near sea level at Ensenada to about 900 meters near 
Ojos Negros. It grows here as a shrub 1 to 1.5 meters high, with large, handsome 
flowers. A specimen was taken east of Ensenada, May 31. 


Diplacus puniceus Nutt. 

Noted as rather common along with D. arachnoideus and other chaparral on steep 
Upper Sonoran hill slopes from near sea level at Ensenada to about 900 meters near 
Ojos Negros, in San Rafael Valley. It is a handsome shrub growing 0.5 to 1.2 meters 
high. A flowering specimen was collected a few miles east of Ensenada on the road 
to Ojos Negros, May 31. 


Galvesia juncea (Benth.) A. Gray. 

Originally discovered on the voyage of the Sulphur from San Diego to Magdalena 
Bay. Specimens in flower and fruit were obtained by us at the mouth of the San 
Simén River, a few miles south of San Quintin, August 29. The species grows here 
asa shrub 1.8 to 2.5 meters high. Specimens in the U.S. National Herbarium were 
collected on Cedros Island by Lieut. Charles F. Pond, Dr. Edward Palmer, and 
A. W. Anthony, and on San Quintin Bay by Palmer. 


Pentstemon antirrhinoides Benth. 

Of the several species of Pentstemon noted by us this was the largest and most 
conspicuous. Itwasa rather common shrub growing 1 to 1.5 meters high and associated 
with Adenostoma and Arctostaphylos on dry Upper Sonoran hill slopes along our 
route from near sea level at Ensenada to about 1,500 meters near El Pifién on the west- 
ern side of the Sierra del Pinal and San Pedro M4rtir mountains. Flowering speci- 
mens were taken east of Ensenada, May 81, and at El Pifién, J uly 5. 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 865 


Pentstemon centranthifolius Benth. 
A common species growing 1 to 1.2 meters high, at about 810 meters altitude, along 
the sloping borders of Trinidad Valley, where it was collected in flower July 4. 


Pentstemon palmeri A. Gray. 

This widely ranging species of the southwestern United States was collected at 
1,140 meters altitude in San Matias Pass, June 17. Brandegee records it from Agua 
Dulce and San Luis. 


Pentstemon linarioides A. Gray. 

Common from 1,500 meters altitude near El] Pifién upward in the Transition Zone 
to at least 2,400 meters near Vallecitos on the west slope of the San Pedro Martir 
Mountains. It grows here as a shrub 30 to 45 cm. high, and was usually seen in the 
open pine forest on dry, rocky hillsides. A flowering specimen was taken near El 
Pifién, July 7. 

BIGNONIACEAE. Bignonia Family. 


Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet. DESERT WILLOW. 

Seen in the vicinity of San Matias Pass, where, like Covillea glutinosa and Sim- 
mondsia californica, it forms a part of the Lower Sonoran flora which extends through 
the pass from the desert side into Trinidad Valley. It was rather common along dry 
arroyos near San Matfas Spring and was scattered over the south slopes of the ridge 
on the north side of Trinidad Valley. Specimens were collected in flower June 17 
and in fruit and flower June 28. 


Crescentia cujete L. JicARA, 
A jicara tree, probably introduced from the Mexican mainland, was noted by us 
at San José del Cabo. Brandegee says: ‘‘Crescentia alata, a queer looking garden 
tree, is planted for the gourdlike fruit, which is credited with medicinal properties. 
This fruit is about 4 inches in diameter and when used is filled with ‘mescal’ through 
a hole made at one end, then persons imagining themselves affected with chest 
diseases drink out the liquor from time to time expecting to become cured.” 


MARTYNIACEAE. Martynia Family. 


Martynia altheaefolia Benth. ESPUELA DEL DIABLO, 

This species was published in the Botany of the Voyage of the Sulphur, from 
Magdalena Bay. We found it abundant on the coast plain from San Jorge to Llano 
de Yrais, and along the sandy shores at Cape San Lucas and San José del Cabo. The 
local name of this queer plant is derived from the spreading, hooked arms of the dry 
fruit, which seem always ready to clasp everything within reach. Five or six of these 
fruits sometimes become entangled and roll together before the wind over the plain. 
Specimens in flower and nearly ripe fruit were taken a few miles north of Matancita, 
November 15. 

The species probably ranges in suitable situations nearly throughout the Lower 
Sonoran Zone in Lower California. It has been recorded by Parish as far north as 
Vallecito, in southern California.’ 


ACANTHACEAE. Acanthus Family. 


Beloperone purpusi T. 8. Brandeg. 

At the time of our visit this was a common flowering species in places along the basal 
slopes of the Victoria Mountains. The plant is a shrub about a meter high. A speci- 
men was taken between Santa Anita and Miraflores, January 19. 


*Zoe 4: 165. 1893. 
5196°—16——5 


366 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


Beloperone californica Benth. 

This handsome species was taken in flower on Cerralvo Island, February 12. It 
was common there as a shrub 1.2 to 1.8 meters high. It was originally described 
from material taken at Cape San Lucas on the voyage of the Sulphur. Brandegee 
says its red blossoms may be seen at most localities south of Magdalena Bay. 


Justicia insolita T. S. Brandeg. 

A flowering specimen of this species was taken at an altitude between 360 and 
600 meters in the hills 20 miles east of San Ignacio, October 19. A few shrubs 1.2 to 
1.8 meters high were seen, The species was originally described from material col- 
lected at San Gregorio by Brandegee on his overland journey from Magdalena Bay 
to San Quintin. He records it also from Todos Santos and La Paz in the Cape 
District. 


Justicia palmeri Rose. 

This species was common along the basal slopes of the Victoria Mountains. It 
grows as a shrub 1.2 to 1.8 meters high. A flowering specimen was taken on the 
road from San Pedro to Tres Pachitas, December 24. Brandegee records it from La 
Paz and San José del Cabo. 


Ruellia sp. 

An undetermined Ruellia was noted near San Pablo and was seen at intervals from 
that point southward to near Cape San Lucas, mainly on the warmer slopes of canyons 
in the hill country along the backbone of the Peninsula. It is a shrub about a meter 
high with purple flowers, and with a peculiar fragrance which I had learned to asso- 
ciate with a similar plant of the arid Tropical Zone in western Mexico. Specimens 
were collected at Tinaja de San Esteban, 25 miles north of San Ignacio. 


RUBIACEAE. Madder Family. 


Chiococca racemosa Jacq. 

A specimen of this shrub in fruit was taken at about 750 meters on the road between 
San Bernardo and El Satz in the Victoria Mountains. It was a rather common 
species on the mountain side, growing 1.8 to 3.5 meters high. The species has a 
very wide range in tropical America and evidently belongs to the tropical element 
of the flora of the Peninsula. Brandegee records it from the foothills of the Sierra 
San Francisquito. 


CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Honeysuckle Family. 


Lonicera interrupta Benth. 

Common in the Upper Sonoran Zone on the west slope of the Sierra del Pinal and 
San Pedro M&rtir mountains, from near the coast at Ensenada to at least 1,560 meters 
near E] Rayo and above San Antonio. Collected in flower in a canyon a few miles 
east of Ensenada, May 31. 


Sambucus glauca Nutt. BLUE ELDERBERRY. 
Elders, provisionally referred to this species, were noted ina number of places 
along the road from Ensenada northward to the international boundary at Tijuana 
and from sea level upward through the Upper Sonoran Zone to above 1,500 meters. 
The only specimens were taken May 20, at Ensenada, where the species was then 
flowering. Brandegee records S. glauca as ‘‘not common on San Pedro Martir.”’ 


Contr. Nat Herb., Vol. 16 PLATE 133, 


IBERVILLEA SONORAE (S. WaTs.) GREENE, CERRALVO ISLAND. 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 367 


Symphoricarpos parishii Rydb. 

A common shrub 1 to 1.5 meters high, confined mainly to the limited Canadiar 
Zone areas on northerly slopes in the San Pedro M4rtir Mountains, but descending 
along cold streams to at least 2,400 meters in the upper part of the Transition Zone. 
Taken in flower at Vallecitos, July 15. 


CUCURBITACEAE. Gourd Family. 


Ibervillea sonorae (S. Wats.) Greene. PLATE 133. 

This remarkable species has a wide range in the lower part of the Lower Sonoran or 
Subtropical zone on both sides of the Gulf of California. It is a desert plant, grow- 
ing in sandy places as a slender vine 1 to 1.5 meters long from an enormously enlarged 
woody, base, which may or may not project above the surface of the ground. It was 
first noted by us at Pozo Altamirano, 30 miles south of Calmallf, October 3, specimens 
in fruit and flower being then taken. It is common on the low sandy plains through- 
out the southern part of the Peninsula and on Cerralvo Island, where the largest 
individual seen had a basal diameter of over 60 cm. The average diameter, how- 
ever, is perhaps not more than 15cm. As the bulbous basal part projects but little, 
if at all, above the surface, these plants are usually inconspicuous, especially during 
the long dry season when growth is interrupted and the slender terminal parts wither 
back to the persistent base. 


AMBROSIACEAE. Ragweed Family. 


Hymenoclea monogyra Torr. & Gray. ROMERILLO. 

The “‘romerillo,” as it is locally known, occurs in suitable situations nearly through- 
out the Peninsula. From a center of abundance in the Lower Sonoran Zone it ranges 
along the Pacific coast, in the vicinity of Ensenada, a short distance into the Upper 
Sonoran Zone and both in the Cape District and along the coast of Sinaloa enters the 
subtropical belt. It is limited locally to sandy bottoms along stream beds, in many 
places forming thickets in the deep sand, from which most other shrubs are excluded. 
It was taken in flower or fruit at Rosarito, September 25; El Potrero, 25 miles south- 
west of Mulegé, October 31; San Pedro, 18 miles south of La Paz, December 23. 
Brandegee records the species in the Cape District from San José del Cabo to La Paz, 


ASTERACEAE. Aster Family. 


Alvordia fruticosa T. 8S. Brandeg. 

Known only from the Cape District. This species is common at low elevations, 
growing asa much branched shrub 3 to 4.5 meters in height. It was taken in flower on 
the road between El Cajén and El Sacatén, December 28. 


Artemisia californica Less. CALIFORNIA SAGEBRUSH. 

Recorded by Brandegee from ‘Las Huevitas, [Las Cuevas?], near Rosario.”” This 
point is probably near the southern limit of its range in Lower California. It was 
noted at a number of places on the west slope in the San Pedro Martir Mountain region. 
The species belongs to the Upper Sonoran Zone. 


Artemisia tridentata Nutt. SAGEBRUSH. 

This species was found sparingly in the Upper Sonoran Zone at about 750 meters 
near the western rim of San Rafael Valley, about 20 miles east of Ensenada. A 
specimen with leaves only was taken May 31. 


368 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray. 

This species ranges mainly in the Lower Sonoran Zone from southern California 
southward on both sides of the Gulf of California. Specimens were taken by us on 
wet soil at San Fernando, September 4. Recorded by Brandegee from the Sierra 
San Lazaro in the Cape District south of La Paz and from San Gregorio. 


Baccharis glutinosa Pers. 

This species or a plant referred to it ranges from California south in wet places at 
low elevations throughout Lower California and is widely dispersed on the Mexican 
mainland from the Sonoran to the Tropical zones. It was taken by us at Rosarito and 
San José del Cabo. Recorded by Brandegee from San Gregorio and Comand4. 


Baccharis viminea DC. 

This species ranges southward from California throughout the greater part of the 
Peninsula, It was taken by us along a small stream in the hills between La Purfsima 
and Comandt and has been recorded by Brandegee from San José del Cabo. 


Bebbia atriplicifolia (A. Gray) Greene. 

This shrub seems to be known only from the southern part of the Peninsula, where 
it is associated with many subtropical species. It grows 1 to 3 meters high in sandy 
soil. Flowering specimens were taken by us in the vicinity of the type locality near 
Cape San Lucas, January 4, and at Santo Domingo, September 26. Brandegee records 
this species from San Gregorio and Comandt and agrees with Dr. Gray that it is 
probably the same as B. juncea of Magdalena Island. 


Chrysoma diffusa (Benth.) Greene. 

This shrub was described in the Botany of the Voyage of the Sulphur, from Magda- 
lena Bay. It appears to belong in the subtropical areas on both sides of the Gulf of 
California, A few miles north of Matancita, and therefore near the type locality, we 
found it common on the coast plain and flowering November 15. At Cape San Lucas 
it was still flowering December 30. 


Chrysoma palmeri (A. Gray) Greene. 

This species ranges southward from southern California in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 
Flowering specimens were taken on the sandy coast at Santo Domingo, September 
26. The species forms a round-topped bush 0.5 to 1.2 meters high. 


Coleosanthus atractyloides (A: Gray) Kuntze. 
This species, widely distributed in the southwestern United States, was taken in 
the Upper Sonoran Zone near Alamo, where it was flowering June 11. 


Coreocarpus involutus Greene. 

In the original description of this species, from material taken at San Bartolomé 
Bay by Lieut. Pond in March, 1889, it is represented to be an annual, 15 cm. high. 
Doctor Greene has referred to this species a shrub 1.2 to 1.5 meters high, collected by 
us on the coastal plain between Matancita and La Cruz. In the light of this additional 
material, C. involuts is evidently a much larger plant than was at first supposed. 
It appears to belong to the subtropical flora of the Peninsula. It was bearing flowers 
and fruit December 9. 


Encelia farinosa A. Gray. INCIENSO. WHITE BRITTLE BUSH. 
This handsome and widely dispersed shrub seems to belong mainly to the Lower 
Sonoran Zone, but reaches in places into the Upper Sonoran and in the Cape District 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 869 


enters the subtropical area. It is abundant at low elevations nearly throughout the 
Peninsula, but favors dry hillsides, growing to a height of 1 to 2.5 meters, with a 
rounded top. The long, naked flower stems project above the dome of dense foliage 
and become dry and brittle after the seeds have ripened. Flowering specimens 
were collected by us at San Pablo, October 3, and between Tres Pachitas and Valle 
Flojo, December 25. According to Brandegee ' the local name of the plant in the 
southern part of the Peninsula is “incienso,’’ derived from a resinous exudation 
which is collected and burned as an incense in the churches. Hornaday ? mentioned 
its occurrence in Sonora, where he formally named it “white brittle bush.”’ 


Eupatorium peninsulare T. 8. Brandeg. - 

This shrub is common along the lower slopes of the mountains from near Mulegé 
throughout the southern part of the Peninsula. It appears to belong with the sub- 
tropical flora of the region. A flowering specimen was taken about 5 miles southwest 


of El Potrero, October 31. 


Franseria bryanti Curran. STAR THORN. 

First seen between San Andrés and Rosarito, near the west coast. It was noted at 
intervals along the route southward to the Llano de Yrais, growing 0.5 to 1 meter high, 
On dry, stony hills between San Ignacio and Santa Rosalia it was one of the more 
abundant plants. Flowering specimens were collected at 360 meters near Tinaja de 
San Esteban, 25 miles north of San Ignacio, October 5. The species was described 
from material collected by Bryant at Magdalena Bay. It is conspicuous from the 
armament of long whitish thorns which stand out from the branches and radiate in 
clusters near the tops. From these thorn clusters the pladt was given the name 
“star thorn’”’ in my field notes. 


Franseria carduacea Greene.® 

This species was based on material collected by us at 1,020 meters altitude near 
Tinaja de Santana, 35 miles north of San Ignacio. It is common as a shrub 2.5 to 3.5 
meters high. 


Isocoma venata (H. B. K.) Greene, 

This species, or one of its forms, is abundant in the vicinity of the mouth of the 
San Simén River, near San Quintin. It grows here as a shrub 1.2 to 1.8 meters in 
height. Flowering specimens were taken August 29. 


Lepidospartum squamatum A. Gray. 

A common shrub, 1.5 to 2 meters high, along the sandy wash at Calamahué. This 
species ranges in the Lower Sonoran Zone from southern California southward. At 
Calamahué the flowers were fading September 15. 


Palafoxia arenaria T. S. Brandeg. 

This species is known only from the southern part of the Peninsula. It was described 
from material taken between the lagoon and the ocean near Boca de Las Animas, near 
San Jorge. Along the shore of the bay near La Paz, where we collected the species 
in flower February 17, it seemed to prefer sandy situations, as suggested in the original 
description. 


Peucephyllum schottii A. Gray. 

This shrub ranges in the Lower Sonoran Zone in Sonora and northeastern Lower 
California. It was common along the broad wash at Calamahué, growing 1.8 to 3.5 
meters high, with a dense bushy top. The ripe seeds were falling September 15. 


* Zoe 1: 83. 1890. ? Camp-Fires on Desert and Lava, pp. 182-183. 1908. 
3 See p. 311. 


370 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville. , ARROW WEED. 

A very abundant Lower Sonoran species in the delta of the Colorado, noted along 
the gulf coast at San Felipe and Calamahué. On the Pacific coast it was seen spar- 
ingly in moist places at intervals from near Ensenada to a short distance south of San 
Andrés. It was taken in flower at San Felipe, on the gulf coast, June 20, and at the 
mouth of San Simédn River, a few miles south of San Quintin, August 29. On the low 
lands in the delta of the Colorado extensive areas are covered with a dense pure growth 
of arrowweed. 


Porophyllum gracile Benth. YERBA DEL VENADO, 

The ‘“‘yerba del venado,”’ as it is known in the Cape District, is one of the numerous 
species discovered at Magdalena Bay on the voyage of the Sulphur. It is common in 
places and generally distributed mainly in the Lower Sonoran Zone, from the south- 
western United States southward nearly throughout Lower California. Flowering 
specimens were taken by us at Pozo Altamirano, October 3; near Matancita, Novem- 
ber 15; at Cape San Lucas, December 30; and between San Bernardo and EI Satz, 
January 21. Brandegee records the species from Magdalena Island, San Jorge, Todos 
Santos, and San José del Cabo. It has been taken by other collectors at various locali- 
ties, including Cedros Island. It grows 30 to 100 cm. high and is said to have several 
economic uses. The local name is derived from the supposed fondness of deer for the 
plant, which is said also to be a favorite forage with cattle. Tea made of the leaves 
and flowers has astringent properties and is therefore believed to be useful in certain 
intestinal troubles. 


Porophyllum confertum Greene.’ 
The type of this recently described species was collected by us on Cerralvo Island, 
where it was flowering February 12. It is ashrub or woody herb, 1.2 to 1.8 meters high. 


Senecio goldmanii Greene.’ 

This species was based on specimens collected by us at about 105 meters elevation 
near Rosarito, where the plant was flowering September 25. The plant isashrub about 
a meter high. 


Tagetes lacera T. 8. Brandeg. 

A specimen of this species was taken in flower at 1,650 meters on the upper slope 
of the Sierra de Laguna, January 27. It isa shrub or woody herb, 1 to 1.5 meters high, 
apparently confined to the Upper Sonoran Zone in these mountains, where it is asso- 
ciated with oaks, the pinyon, and Nolina beldingi. 


Tumionella monactis (A. Gray) Greene. 

The zonal position of this shrub seems to be mainly the overlapping area between 
the Upper and Lower Sonoran zones from southern California south into northern 
Lower California, It was abundant at 1,110 meters on the plain near Alamo, there in 
flower June 11. 


Viguiera tomentosa A. Gray. 

This shrub seems to be known only from southern Lower California, where it was 
recorded by Brandegee as ranging from the coast up to the summits of the highest 
mountains. We found it flowering along the road from El Cajén to El Sacatén, Decem- 
ber 28. It grows 3 to 3.5 meters high. 


1See p. 311. 


GOLDMAN—PLANT RECORDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 371 


Viguiera deltoidea A. Gray. 

Typical V. deltoidea seems to be restricted to the southern or south-central part of 
the Peninsula, passing farther north into V. parishii. A form from the Sierra El Taste 
in the Cape District south of La Paz has been described by Brandegee under the sub- 
specific name tastensis. The species is 2 common shrub 1.5 to 3 meters or more in 
height and is rather generally distributed, but most abundant on stony mesas and 
along dry arroyos. It was collected in flower at San Andrés, September 21, and at 
Rosarito, September 25. Brandegee records the species from Todos Santos, La Paz, 
and San José del Cabo. It is associated with many subtropical species. 


Viguiera chenopodina Greene.’ 

The type of this recently published species was collected by us between Santo 
Domingo and Matancita, November 14. It grows on the coastal plain as a shrub 1.8 
to 3 meters high. 


1See p. 311. 


INDEX. 


(Synonyms in italics. Page numbers of principal entries in heavy-faced type.] 


Page. 

Abies concolor.......-.----.----0------ceees 312 
Abronia gracilis. .....-.2.-...-0-02ee2eeeeeee 827 
Abutilon aurantiacum.............. seeeeeee 13 
californicum...........---------+-----++- 348 
macdougalii.........-...-----------..-- 138 
palmeri.....2-222.22 222 eee eee ee eee 348 
Acacia filicioides. ............ 22... 2c ee ee eee 332 
flexicaulis...........0. 0c eee ee eee eee ee eee 332 
gregeli....-.....2 2-2 eee eee eee eee 9, 332 
Acacias, ant-inhabited...................... 296 
Acalypha californica...................-.02- 341 
Acer brachypterum............2.......-.-.- 146 
grandidentatum....................--- 146, 147 
Achradelpha. 2.22... 2.2.22. 2. cece cece ee eee 284 
MAMMOSA...- 2... eee eee eee eee 284, 285 
ACHYAS. 2.20.06. e eee eee eee eee 280, 282, 283, 284, 285 
MAMMOSA....--.-------------- 280, 283, 284, 285 
SAPO. 20.202 eee eee eee eee 281, 285 
wapota......-.-------- 2-2 e ee 280, 281, 282, 285 
MOJO oo occ c ec ec cece cece cece eeeceee 281, 285 
Achroanthes porphyrea..........-...-.-.-.- 116 
gs 116 
Acrista. 2.2.22... 2-2-2222 2 22 ee eee eee ee eee eee 252 
Acristaceae........-----..----e eee ee eee 225, 252, 253 
Acrocomia.......-.-2-.-.-0- eee eee eee 245, 250, 252 
Acrostichum amygdalifolium................ 51 
SCTTUWIAIUWM . 2 oo ee eee ee eee eee ee cece eee eee 61 
Acrostigma............2......202 202 eee eee 228, 233 
equale.... 2... 2. ee eee eee eee eee eens 228 
Actinella depressa pygmaca.......-.----+---- 193 
Actinophlebia..........2-.2-0. 220222 e eee eee 26 
horrida....2..-..20--- 22-2 eee eee eee eee ee 43 
ODLUSA. 2-2 eee eee eee eee eee eee 48, 49 
Adenophyllum wrightii........-..-.----+----- 191 
AdenostomMa.........-- 2... eee eee eee eee 358 
fasciculatum ........-.....2---2-2. 0-028 330 
sparsifolium...............-.-... ----- 380,338 
Adiantopsis rupicola.........-...-.---2+-++- 60 
Adiantum-nigrum group...............-..-- 1 
Adiantum pedatum...............02.2..000- 300 
Aeria..........----- we cee cece cece ec eeeeeeeees 252 
Aesculus parryi... ...-.....- 20. e eee eee eee eee 846 
Agastache Cana.......-..---.2-022-2 eee eee 166 
greenei.......-.-..----- 22 eee eee eee 167 
mearnsii.......-.-----.-2-22----0- eee eee 167 
micrantha.......----.-.------------- eee 168 
verticillata...........2.22-22.-022202000- 168 
wrightii......2....2-0- 202 eee ee ee ee eee 168 
Agave applanata. ..............-------.+-- 116,116 
UTCA.. 2.2 eee eee eee eee eee 319 
cerulata.......------- 22-222 eee eee eee eee 318 
consociata........ seeeeees wee e cent ee eees 818 
goldmaniana.........----..-.+--eeeeeeee 319 
melsoni........-----2.-- eee eee eee wees eee 818 
meomexicana......--.--------- eee eee eee 115 


45966°—16——2 


Agave pringlei.........-2-2.2-----.20 cece ee 318 
promontorii.............--2-2-.-2-2-.-.- 318 
ShAWIti. 2... ee eee cee eee eee 318 
VOXANS..- 2-2 eee eee eee eee eee 319 

Ageratum corymbosum..................-.- 177 

Ahuejote.....-...22--- eee eee eee eee eee ee 320 

AJOL. cee eee eee ee eee cece eee cece eee eeeees 8 

AlAMO. 0.2.02 eee eee ee ee eee ee cence eee eee 320 

Albizzia occidentalis.............2...2.....- 332 

Alcajer..... wet eee ee ce een ene e cee ereeeereee 356 

Alcohol specimens.........-...-------------- 63 

Alfilerilla... 2... .02.22. 0202022 e cece ee eee eee 338 

Allionia gracillima.........2.... ween eee e cence 120 

re 120 
IMCUTNAEG ..- 2.2 eee eee eee eee eee eee 9 
linearifolia filifolia...........22....2-.22. 120 
linearis. ..........0-.0-- 0-2 e ee eee eee eee 120 

subhispida. .....2...22-222222-02 22 eee 120 
subhispida............-.--2-22-2-22-222-- 120 

Allium deserticola..........-...-------+--+-- 114 
glandulosum.........-..........00-00--- 114 
reticulatum..........-.-.---2--------- 114,114 

deserticola. ...-.---2------2- eee eee eee 114 
rhizomatum............-2-2 2 ee eee eee eee 114 

Allthorn.........-. wee cece cece cece eeeserees 350 

Alsine crispa........2---------- eee eee eee eee 207 
viridula.........2-2-.. 2-2-2. e eee eee eee ee 207 

Alsopbila.. 2.0.0.0... 2.2220 ee eee ee eee eee e ee 25, 26 

Alternanthera lanuginosa.........---.-..---- 9 

Alvordia fruticosa..........----------------- 867 

Amaranthus palmeri..........--..---------- 9 

Amelanchier goldmanii.............-----.--- 131 

American code of nomenclature.......... 65, 67, 73 

Ammospermophilus............-.-.e20-000-5 346 

Androcera novomexicana................6.- 170 

Androphoranthus glandulosus..........----.- 307 

Andropogon contortus......-.--.--20.2e200-0- 7 

Androsace in New Mexico, treatise cited..... 109 

Anisacanthus thurberi.....-....--.-.--.--.-- 17 

Anisolotus greenei.........-.--...-.-2-2-2--- 185 
neomexicanuS. ...-.....-------------- eee 185 
nummiularius............--..----------- 185 
puberulus .............--..222 2222s eee eee 185 
trispermus ........---------2. 222s eee eee 185 

Annona acuminata.........-.-....-26 217, 218,274 
angustifolia.........-.-..2..-.-.+.- 266, 267, 269 
COTCOCATPA. .--.---- 22 eee eee eee eee eee 272, 273 
cherimola......-...---.-.--+-6 217, 263, 264,275 
diversifolia.........-2-.-......2e-e enone 263 
echinata........---.------ 263, 272, 272, 278, 274 
globiflora...........-.2------.ee ee eens 263, 266 
holosericea....-..-.---.-------260- 263, 269, 270 
jamaicensis........-...-.. 263, 264, 269, 274, 275 
jenmanii..........-.-...22--222--0-6- 267, 268 
longipes. ...---2-----eee enc eee eee eeeeseee 268 


374 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Annona long-stemmed, of Veracruz. .......- 269 | Arecacea@.....--------- eee eee ee ee eee eens 253, 254 
muricata..........--.---. cece ee eee eee 263,266 | Arenaria confusa........-.-----------+-+-+5- 121 
paludosa .....-.......222..22-- 264, 266, 268, 269 mearnsii... ....-..... 2-22-0220 eee eee eee eee 121 
prickly, of French Guiana..........-...- 273 SAXOSA..-..- 2-2 eee eee ee eee eee 121 
purpurea....-......-2-2.. 2.2222 eee eee 219 | Argythamnia brandegei......-.-...----------- 13 
reticulata............-....-22202e eee eee 264 | Aristida bromoides.............-----.....-.- 7 
scleroderma. .......-.--..----------++-+ 263 californica major......---.--..----------- 7 
section Pilannona....-.......-...------- 264 fasciculata. .....-...-.---2-2- 2-2 eee ee eee 113 
SOTIC@D... 2... eee cee eee 263, PAMSA.. 2.2 eee eee eee eee eee 112 
264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 268, 269, 270, 273,275 reverchoni.....-......-.-2-0--2-eee eee eee 113 
angustifolia.........-.-2-2-2-.---+--- 266 ONGUSLG... 2.2.2 e eee eee eee eee eee 113 
A 263, 265 TE 113 
of British Guiana.......-.....-.-.... 267 vaseyl.. 0.2.22 2-222 ee eee eee eee eee eee 113 
of French Guiana...... vee e eee eee eee 265 | Aristolochia acuminata. .............----.--- 117 
spraguei.......-...2...2..2--2-.-.- 263,270, 271 brevipes acuminata........2.....--.-.-55 117 
SqUAMOSA......- 2-22-22 eee eee eee eee 263 watsoni.....----- ceeeeeeee cece eee ee eee 117 
trinitensis.......-..-......-.-.--- 263, 267,268 | Arrowweed.........- wee e eee ee eens eeeeeeeee 370 
velvety, of Nicoya..........-...-.-.-.--- 269 | Artemisia albula........... cence cece eee eee 193 
of Pamama......---..---2-------+--- 270 californica. ......22.2..02222 22222 eee eee 367 
Amnnonacead.......------------ 217, 218, 219, 263, 265 microcephala...............----0e20005 193,193 
Dunal’s monograph.......------.------- 263 petrophila........-..-....-.2222-2-2-22--- 193 
Anmnonas.......--------2--20-2002 20 eee eee eee 217 tridentata. .....-..--....------2-2----- 193, 367 
Annonella (section)...........-.--..--------- 203 | Asclepias mexicana.......-.....---------.--- 59 
Anogra amplexicaulis...........-----..-.--- 150 | Ash... 2... eee eee cece eee eee ... 360 
ctenophylla..............-.-.-.-.-.-2--- 151 | Asimina........2.22-.-.2.-.-2-02 22-2 eee eee 217 
engelmanni.........-.....-.---.-.------- 151 | Aspen....-.. 2... eee eee eee eee eee eee 319 
leucotricha.........-.....--------------- 151 | Asplenium adiantum-nigrum., ..........-.-.- 1 
neomexicana ......... cece ee eee eee eens 151 argutum.......2.-----2---- eee eee eee 2 
pallida engelmanni....-.-.....----- ceeeee 151 andrewsii, discussion. ..........2......... 1,2 
TUNCINALA ....-. 2-2-2 eee eee eee 151 Nelson’s description. .......-........ 1 
runcinata.........-...-...-.----------+-- 151 Underwood’s view......--.-- ceeeeee 1,2 
Anona sericed.......-.....---+----+-+----- 265, 274, 275 bradleyi........-----.-.--.-2-.-2-2-2-2-0- 1 
5 0 271 montanum. ..-...-...--2---+-022-ee eee 2 
uneinala.......--...------- se eeecee seers 271 septentrionale........-. cece ence eee e cere 3 
Anonae sericeae var. foliis pedalibus.......... 271 | Aster amethystinus..........-...-.-+------- 210 
Anoncillo of the Magdalena River........ --- 272 campestris........-.. seeeee cece eee ceeee 210 
Antelope squirrel.........-.----.------------ 345 columbianus...........----------------- 210 
Antigonon leptopus.......-.--..--------- 325,335 delectus... 2-2-2222... 2.222222 e eee ee eee ee 210 
Antirrhinum chytrospermum.....-......-.- 17 hydrophilus............-.-.---.-.-----.- 187 
Aphanostephus perennis...........--...---- 189 neomexicanus.......-......-2222222 2.008 187 
Apocynum angustifolium............-..-.--- 159 occidentalis........... wae e eee ween eetenes 210 
cannabinum...-..-...------+-----++--+--- 159 paludicola. ..........----.---------+++-+- 210 
QTOUP....-------.--------- 2-2-2 eee 159 pauciflorus.......-.....-.-.-.-.-2------- 187 
viride... ...-.---- 2-2-2 eee eee eee ee eee 159 tanacetifolius pygmaeus........-.-- ceeeeee 189 
Arabis angulata............-.---.-------- 128,124 | Astragalus albulus................-------.--- 136 
fendleri.......-..--.-..----.---.--------- 123 allanaris......----22222.20-2-2-220-0--0-+- 208 
furcata.....-.----- coe e eee eee eee ee eee 208 altuS....--------------------- 2-22 eee eee 136 
olympica...-...-.-.--------------+------ 208 argophyllus......-.--------------------- 208 
porphyrea....-.-.----------------------- 12: glareosus.....-.-.----------------2-2eeee 208 
Aragallus deflexus. .........-.-.-.-------+--+- 136 neomexicanus. ..--.-.--------+-----+-+-+ 136 
pinetorum........-.-.-------------- ee eee 136 rusbyi.....-----------------2+++--+----+-- 136 
VEJANUS...------- 2. eee eee ee eee eee 1386 | Astrocaryum.....-------- vette e reece enee 250 
VOQANUS...-- 2-2 eee eee eee eee eee 186 | Atamisquaea emarginata...........-.-- -.--- §28 
Aralia bicrenata...............2.20. 2202-22 ee 157 | Athyrium filix-foemina......-.-.------------ 2 
humilis... ...... 22.2.2. 2 eee ee eee eee eee 157 | Atriplex........--..... 22-22-2220 eee eee ees 326, 330 
pubescens. ......-.---------------------- 157 barclayana .........2.22222.-.-.-22--55- 119,526 
racemosa......----------------- eee eee eee 157 CANESCENS.......22 2-02 e eee 9,326 
scopulorum,....-.-.-.-.----------------- 358 collina.......2...-- 2.2.2.2 eee eee eee eee 119 
Arbutus menziesii............---.-----.--- 358, 359 confertifolia..........2.-2...-2-2 22-2 ee eee 120 
peninsularis..........-..---..-.-.--5.--- 358 elegans .... 22222-22222 2-2 e eee eee ee eee eee 119 
Arctostaphylos.......-.---------+-------++-+-- 358 flagellaris.............-.-.. 220 220- seen ee 119 
bicolor. ......-------.------+2---2---25e- 359 linearis........---2-2-...2.--2--2---222--- 326 
glauca....-.--------2- 22-2 e eee eee eee 359 5 0) 128 
oppositifolia...........-.--.------------- 359 | Atta (section).............---------------- 263, 264 
pringlei.......-.----2--- 222-222. eee ee 347,359 | Attalea............-.---2-0---- 245, 247, 249, 250, 252 
SP... eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 859 | Audibertia capitata...............--+-----+--- 17 


INDEX. 


375 

Page. Page. 

Baccharis glutinosa................----..... 18,368 | Cactus phyllanthoides...........--0---- 200 255, 258 
sarothroides....-......0-202sceeeeeeeeees 18,368 phyllanthus.........scececeseeeeee 255, 257, 258 
viminea .......-..-.---0-2 2 eee eee eee eee 368 SPCCIOSUS . . 2 ee cee eee ee eee een eee 258 
Bactridineae (subfamily) ...............----. 250 ETUNCOLUS . 2 eee eee ee eee cee eee ees 260 
Bactris. 2.2... cece eee eee e cece eee e eee 245, 249,252 | Cactuses, giant .............-...-.-266- 355, 356, 362 
Bag palms..........-..2 02sec ee eee eee eee eee 252 | Calikarpum..................02. 2022 e ee eeeee 284 
Bahia absinthifolia dealbata...........---..... 192 | Calliandra californica...............-.-.0.- 327, 882 
CU 192 | Callicarpa........22.2-.2 22-02. e eee eee ee 284 
Batanthes collind.....2.2 2.0 ce eee eee eee eee 161 | Calligonwm canescens...........0200.0eeeeeee 9 
fSOTMOSISSIMA.... 2.2.22 - eee eee e eee eee ee eee 161 | Callisteris collina.........2.2..2.0-0202ee eee 161 
A 161 JOTMOSISSIMG.... 02. o cece cece cece cece eee 161 
Beans, mesquite........-....2---2..-e eee eee 10 A | 161 
Beargrass.....---22cee cece eee ece eee cee ceeees B17 | Calocarpwm. .....cccecccecccececceccceuees 283, 284 
Bebbia atriplicifolia...............2......2- 368 MOAMMOSUM . . 2-2 22a eee ence cece eee cceees 285 
JUNCOD... 2.2 eee ee ee cere eee eee eee eee 368 | CalosperMUm........ecccccesceeeeeeneeceeees 283 
Beloperone californica............+-sseeeeee+ 366 genus of algee.......-- 2. -eeee eee eeeceeee 283 
purpusi.....----2 22 eee eee ee eee ee 365 MAMMOSUM... 22-222 e ween eee eee eee cence 285 
Berberis fremontii............-.----..-----+- $28 | Calyptronoma........... wee c cece cece eceeeees 252 
Bergerocactus emoryi................-22-055 351 | Campanulaceae..................0000e--0-- ee 306 
Betel palm family........-..----..2.----+++- 253 | Candelilla.............222. 00022 e eee eee eens 343 
Bigelovia wrightii.............---..--.-.---- 181 | Caperonia castanaefolia. ........2..22.22222-- 307 
Bignonia linearis...........22--c0cec eee e eee ee 17 palustris.........2.2.2.. 220s eee eee eee 307 
Birch, white..........-------.-----2::-- eee 10 | Capnoides aureum........-.....-----..--205 122 
Blephara............. 2200-00 e cece eee eee eee 69 euchlamydeum.........-..--.---++----+- 122 
history of name.............-.2-.2+--+--- 65 | Card6n....... 2. eee ee eee eee cee eee eee eee 355 
Blue palm ......-----------2 2-22 ee eee eee eee 316 DarbOn. . 2... eee e cece eee e cece ce ceesceees 355 
Boerhaavia wrightii..........----.---------- 9 hecho.......0000eecee eee e ee cece eee eeeeeee 355 
Borassaceae. .....---.------- 2-2 - eee eee eee ee 254 1) 6 355 
Botrychium brachystachys.......-.----...-- 302,303 | Carduus gilensis...............-2..2200002e0- 195 
cicutarium ...........----.--. prctetceees 301, 303 inornatus........2------ee cece cece eceeee 195 
dichronum .....----+++++eeeeeees --- 301, 302, 303 pallidus.......... 2.0 ccce cece eee eee ences 195 
QTACHE. 2. cance ee eee eee eee eee ee eee eee 299, 303 PALTV]... eee eee eee eee eee 195, 196 
jenmani. .............. 0. eee eee eee eee 301 VINACOUS.... 0.22 eee eee cece ee ce eee eeee 196 
underwoodianum...........----.-.--.04- 301 | Carnegiea gigantea.........22.2202020 22 eee eee 15 
virginianum..........----- 299, 300, 301, 302,303 | Caryotaceae.........-..---.-eeeeeeeeeeceee 253, 254 
ee oe settee 299 | Cassia articulata.........2...220.22.2 eee eee 835 
virginicum mexicanum ......-.----+---+-- 303 confinis......-2-..eeee cece eeeee cere ceceee 885 
Bourreria sonorae.....---------------- eee eee 361 goldmani............2...22.20eeeeeeeeeee 835 
Bouteloua polystachya..........--------+--- 7 occidentalis......-.-------ceeeceeeeceeeee 385 
Brandegee palm....---..-----------+++---++- 315 PUFPUSI.... 2.2.2. e eee eee eee ee eee cece 835 
Brasil. ...-..---+--------- 2202s eee ce recess 336 | Castalia alba...........eeeecceeeeeecceeeeeeee 65 
Brayodendron texanum.......-.---------+-+ 354 | Castilleja chromosa.........-.-.-2-----2eeee 171 
Brickellia oliganthes.............---------++ 178 eremophila..........0.-2.0ceeeeeeceeeeee 171 
Brittle bush, white. ..........---.-.---- 18,368, 369 integra. .....22 2... eee ee eee cence eeeeeeee 171 
Brittonastrwm barberi..-..----+--+-+++++++++- 168 | Castillejas, southwestern, descriptions cited... 109 
QTOCNE 0 eee eee e eee eee ee eee eens 167 | Cathartolinum puberulum................--- 143 
fonocdl yl ...---- +2200 eee ee ee eee eee eee eee 168 vestitum .. 2.2... eee eee ee ee eee eee 142 
lanceolaium........2. 22222-2222 eee eee eee 166 | Catis. .. occ cccccccececcececeececeecccceeeee 252 
wrightii. wee tte e eee ree ee eee e rere eee 168 Catoblasteae...........-...-- wee eee wee eeeee 228 
Brongniartia peninsularis...........-...----- 337 | Catoblastus........... 226, 227, 228, 230, 281, 233, 252 
Buckeye, Parry .-.---.-------------+-++++++- 346 ArUdei... oc cece cc ccececccccececccccccece 283 
Buckthorn, California...........-..-..-..... 348 PIAGMOTSUS......-----2-- eee ee eee 232, 233, 234 
OVETBTOON.-.--+- 220-222 2e er ee ee ee eee eens 348 pubescens......2.2.2-2ceeeeeeeeees 233, 233, 234 
Burrage, commander of Albatross. .......- 297 Catostigma.......2.2.2-0e2ceeeeeececeeees 280, 233 
Burragea.......... we cee ee een cece nee e eens 287, 297 radiatum ......-ccecececeecceececeeeee 230, 281 
frutescens. ote eee eee e cece eee e eee neeeeees 298, 357 Cat’s-ClAW .....cccceeceeeeeceeececeecesceeee 332 

fr uticulosa ste reenecceraree en cescercces 298, 357 Ceanothus cuneatus.........-22--2+-2eeee eee 347 
Bursera microphylla.......22-+-+++202e002ee+ 14,324 divaricatuS.........--.---eeeeeecceceeces 347 
Cacaloxéchit]............-2--.-----------5-+- 360 goldmanii..............-.0-..--eee eee 847 
Cactaceae.......-.----- 2 eee eee eee eee eee eee 239 palmeri......... 2.2.2.2. eee ee eee eee eee ee 347 
kind of specimens required.............- 63 rigidus.......--------- 222s eee eee cece eee 347 

of New Mexico, treatise cited........-... 109 submontanuS.....-..-2.- 2.2.22 ceeeeeeeee 847 
Cactus... 0... .eee cece eee eee ee eee eee 353,355,356 | Cedro..........-- 22-2 ee eee ee eee eee ee eee eee 312, 313 
ackermannil. ...........-----------2e eee 255 | Cedronella cand......--.-------2-0-- eee eee 166, 167 
CTAD. 0... eee eee eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 255 lanceolata... ........---22-2e eee eens 166, 167 
needle. ... 2.2... eee ee eee eee eee e eee 355 MACTANANA ..2ee ee en cence eee nc ec eeeseeaeeee 168 


376 INDEX 

Page. Page. 
Cedronella rupestris..... 00.2... 00ce eee ee eens 167 | Cholla... 2... eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 354 
wrightii..... 2.0.2.2. e ee cee eee eee 168 | Chondrosiwm polystachyum........-..--2+++++ 7 
LO.) (0): 333 | Chrysoma diffusa.........2....-2---2----2--- 368 
Celosia floribunda. ............---2.2-2---+-- 326 laricifolia ......2. 2.2.2.2. 2c. e eee ee eee eee 18 
Celtis aculeata.. 2.0.0.0... 2.0. cece ee eee eee eee 8 palmeri..........-.--2-----------2----20- 368 
anfractUOsd.... 2222-22 eee eee ee eee ee 8 | Chrysopsis cryptocephala.........-.......... 179 
IQUANMED.... 2.2.22 eee eee eee eee eee 8 fulcrata............0-2-2.0.0-20s ceeeee 179, 180 
PAllidd 0.22.22. ee ee eee eee eee eee eee 8 nitidula.........202.2....-2 22-22 179 
platycattlis.. 2.0.20. 0 2. cee eee eee eee 8 resinolens.........-----. 202.2 e eee eee eee 179 
Toticulata..... 2.0... cece eee cece e eee eee 323 senilis........ 22.2222. e eee cece eee eee 179, 180 
Cenchrus palmeri...............-2.......6-- 7,815 | Chrysothamnus baileyi.........-....--2-.... 181 
Cercidium...............2.2--2--22-22-2222e- 336 pulchellus........-...--20-- 202s cee eee e ee 181 
peninsulare............2..2-2. 22.02... 336 | Chuparosa................00 222 cee eee eee eee 17 
torreyanum.........-. 2... eee cece e neces 335 | Cibotium.................22.22 0-2 eee eee eee 54 
Cercocarpus rotundifolius............2.2....- 330 chamissoi....... beeen eee cee eee cece e eee eee 55 
Cereus ackermannii........-.-2...0-000e eee 255 guatemalense. ........--.-.--------+- 54, 56, 57 
GNOMALUS... 2.22.2 e eee eee eee 262 horridum........-.-2-2-.-2-0202220 ee eee 54, 58 
DIfOr MIS... 2.22. eee eee eee eee eee 259 Tegale...........--22- 22 eee eee eee eee 54, 56, 57 
CTENUUS .. 22222 s eee cette ee eee eee cece tees 256 schiedei...........-....----------- 54, 55, 56, 57 
engelMANN. .... 2.22. e eee eee eee ee eee 15 wendlandi.........---....--2---2--+-- 4, 56, 57 
Giganteus... 2... eee eee eee eee eee 15 | Cirio..... 2.2... eee eee eee eee 350 
hookeri.... 2-2-2 cece eee c eee ee eee eee eee 257 | Ciruela.........-...------2-2------- 22 eee 345, 346 
latifrons... 22.22.22 eee eee eee eee eee 257 | Citellus tereticaudus.................2......- 364 
longicaudalus ........----2- 202 e eee e ee eee 242 | Cladothrix lanuginosa......................- 9 
ObtUSANGUIUS ... 2-2. ee eee ee ee eee eee 262 | Clematis filifera........-.---. cece eee eee eee 123 
orypetalus.......-2..22--22- 22 e eee e eee 258 ligusticifolia..............-.-2-2-2-.-202- 123 
phyllanthoides....2.0. 2.20202 cece ee ee ee eee 258 californica... ........-.-0-0-eee eee eee 123 
phyllanthus. cc... see eee eee ce eeeeeee 258 neomexicana...........-2---2-2222-2---- 122 
quadricostatus........ 22.22 eee eee eee eee 242 palmeri.. 2.222222. - 2222 ee ee ee eee eee eee 123 
SChOttii... 22... eee ee eee eee eee ee eee 16 | Cnemidaria...........-.0. 20. c ee eee eee eee eee 48 
thurberi.. .. 2.0... cece cece eee cence eee 16 arachnoided........-...-2.2--0-2-2+2202-- 34 
UUNCHIUS . 2.2. eee ee eee ee eee 260 CONLIGUA....-2-2 22-2 eee eee eee eee eee 32 
UTDANIANUS . 2.22.22 eee eee eee eee eee ee 242 discussion .........2.222. 2.022222 ee eee 25, 26, 27 
VAGUS... eee eee nee eee eee eee neces 242 horridd..........-.- 2222-0222 cece eee eee ee 43 
VIPETINUS . 2... eee eee eee eee eee eee 242 kohautiana..........-2-2-2-2220- eee eee eee 45 
Willii.. 2.2. eee eee eee eee eee eee 262 ODLUSA . 2. eee eee cece cece cece cece een eeee 46 
Ceroxylaceae.........-..-----.-------- 249, 251, 253 ye 25, 26, 30, 49 
Coroxylon..........-.52-022 eee eee eee 248, 249, 251 subglabra.. 22.2.2... 0 ee eee eee eee eee eee 36 
Chamaecrista fasciculata............-......-- 135 | Cneoridium dumosum..........-.2.........- 3388 
rostrata...........2.-2.. 02 eee eee ee eee 135 | Cocaceae............... 225, 245, 246, 249, 250, 252, 253 
Chamaedorea...........----------- -.-+ 244,245,252 | Coconut palm..........-.-..2..----------- 253,315 
Chamaedoreaceae.......-...2--2-2----- 245, 252,253 | Cocos.........-.----0-- eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 252 
Chamaesyce chaetocalyX......-.....2-2--+--- 144 nucifera. . 2.2.2... eee eee eee eee eee eee 315 
micromera.........---.--2-----06--- 2 ee 144 | Coelestina sclerophylla.............22.-...-.- 176 
pediculifera............022.2.-2222---2---- 12 | Coleosanthus atractyloides......-....-.- weeeee 868 
serrula...... 2.222... e ee eee 144 chenopodinus...............-..--2-2.2..- 177 
Chamiso.........-..-2.- 2222220220220. 0200- 326, 330 floribundus.............-..2-..2-2-22-24.- 177 
Cheilanthes aurea............222.2..2222226-- 60 V@NOSUS... 22-22-2222 eee ee eee eee eee 177,178 
foci... 2.2... eee eee eee eee eee eee ee eee 1 | Conanthus demissus .......-........--2--00--- 162 
microphylla. .............. eee e eee ceceee 60 | Conocarpus erecta.......---..2.-----2--26-6- 357 
Cheiranthus capitatus...........0...2022.2--- 208 | Convallariaceae...........2....2 2022 ee eee ee ee 113 
Cheirinia argillosa............2.2....222.2.4. 125 | Conyza coulteri tenwisecta............----+.-- 186 
bakeri...............-2.2 2.222222 eee eee 125 | Copal, cherry-leaved............-..2-----..+- 339 
desertorum..........--2..22-2..2222-2--- 125 tr@OS.... 2.222. e eee eee eee ee eee eee 339 
parviflora. ...........--.--...22--2-225-- 125 | Copalquin.......----.----.---+++eee eee ee ees 344 

Cheiroglossa palmata.................---++-- 60 | Copeland, view of Hemitelia and related gen- 
Chelinocarpus (section).........-.....----.-- 263 .) 26 
Cherimoya..........-..-2--2---2-2--2-----0-- 217 | Copernicia.........2.2...2. 2.222 eee eee eee 251 
Cherry, holly-leaved.......-......---+2--+-+-+ 331 | Coral bean..........--.....2..--- cece eee ee eee 337 
C00 15 Ce) (; 78 | Coras.....---...2-- 22-22 eee eee eee eee eee eee 343 
PUM. eee cece eee eeee 279 | Cordia watsoni...........-------...--------- 361 
tTO@.. 22. ee eee eee ee eee eee 278,279 | Coreocarpus involutus...............------.- 368 
Chilopsis linearis............2-2-...-------- 17,365 | Corossol sauvage........-.....--------------- 266 
Chiococea racemosa..............------------ 366 | Corymbosa (section)................-.------- 118 
Chirinola.......-2-2.. 2-2-2222 - eee eee eee --. 852 ) Coryphaceae................-.22-2-2---2----- 253 


INDEX. 377 

Page. Page. 

Cotton... 2. e ee ccc eee cece cece cece eee ence 348 | Delphinium burkei.......................... 201 
Davidson..........2---22.02-022200eee ee: 348 CyANorei0s...... 2.2.22. 020ec cece e eee eee 202 
Harkness. ...... 2.222.222. 202c eee ce eee 349 depauperatum..............2..2200200005 202 
Cottonwo00d ........... 0-222. e cece cece ee ences 319 distichum ............2..2.....004 201, 202, 208 
10) 320 in New Mexico, treatise cited............ 109 
Fremont.............02222.22 eee eee e eee 320 simplex.........2...02. eee eee eee 201, 202, 203 
MacDougal..................2-2-0222.000e 320 distichiflorum.....................2- 203 
Coulter pine...............2..2..0025 ceeeeeee 313 strictum...... 2.2.2. eee ee eee 201, 202 
Covillea glutinosa............. 11, 838, 344,346,365 | Deptia...............0000. 00 cece cece eeeeeeees 336 
Crab cactus........22..02..002 eee ee eee eee 255 | Desert willow...........2..2.ccccecceceeeeee 365 
Crassulaceae, kind of specimens required..... 63 | Desmodium barclayi..........2222..cccceeeeee 216 
Creosote bush, ...............0000- 10,11, 12, 15, 338 Cy | 215 
Crepis chamaephylla.......-...-..2..2.2...- 175 ae 213 
Plauca.... 2... eee cece eee 176 SCOPULOTUM 02... cece cece cece ween cence 212 
mogollonica..............22-..2020eee eee 176 SCULULUM. 00.0.0. e eee ence cece cece eeees 215 
neomexicana.......--2..2-2--22. eee eens 176 SKINNETI. eee eee cee cee n eee 213 
perplexans..........2-.2.2....00.....000- 176 albolineatum.............002e2 eee eee 215 
Crescentia alata........... Lecce cece ee eee eee 365 albonitens....2 2.2.2... e ccc e cece cence 215 
cujete.. 2.2.2.2 365 | Dichondra brachypoda....................-- 160 
Crespa.... 2.2.22. 2 ee eee eee ee eee eee 229 caroliniana..................00222e eee eee 160 
Croton arenicola...........2..22......02-26-- 12 | Dicksonia.........0.. 2.0022 c ce eee cee ee cee 57 
ealifornicus...............2..2.02.22.222- 341 guatemalensis.......... cece cence eeeeeeeee 56 
corymbulosus..............-2-.-.2-226-- 145 mavarrensis...........2..2..02222eee ences 57 
eremophilus............-2-.2....0-.2.-04 144 TEQOIIS . eee e eee eee cece eee eee 56 
luteovirens................2--22-.22----- 145 SChiedei. 2.2... eee ee cece eee 55 
magdalenae...............2..0-22.200202- 341 wendlandi............2-....- ceeteeeeeees 57 
tenuis........ wee eee eee eee eee ee 12 | Dicoria calliptera..............2222..22220eee 18 
texensis.......2..22.22000.2 2220222 e eee 145 CANESCENS... 22.22 eee ee eee eee eee eee 18 
Cucurbit. . 2.222.222.2202 eee ee 21 | Dicotyles..........2..222222.. ccc cece ee eee ee 234 
Cupressus goveniana....................-2-- 312 | Dicranocarpus................2222-2--ceeeeee 189 
guadalupensis..............2..2......22- 812 dicranocarpus .............2...2.2-..-- 189 
Curima.......2.2. 2202-2... 2 eee eee eee eee 225, 249 PATVIMLOTUS. .. 2-2-2 ee ee eee cece ence 189 
Currant ......2 2.222 e eee cee eee eee 329 | Dicranoloma meteorioides.................-. 23 
Cuscuta californica............0...2..22.002- 16 | Dicranopteris...............20.02022.022-- 52, 53, 54 
Custard apple...............222222.02202-- 217, 264 bifida... 0... ee eee eee ee eee 52,53 
Cyathea .........2..22.2 2-22 e eee cece eee 26 UWA... ee eee ee eee 52 
capensis ...........222.2-02..2....000. +-- 25 | Dicraurus alternifolius...........2..2222.2... 327 
commMuUtdta.... 2... 2.2.0 e eee eee eee eee eee 43,44 | Dictyocaryum.............2222..2.2--.222--- 226 
grandifolia ..........2022 20.002 eee eee 26, 41,42 | Diplacus arachnoideus....................--- 364 
horrida....... 022.2... 020. c eee eee eee eee 25, 43 puniceus............220.. 2.22 eee eee 364 
multiflora..... 22-22-2022 e eee eee eee eee 25 | Diplopappus filifolius.........22..2222.2...-- 209 
SL ee 48 linearis ....-.-.- we ee ence ee eee cece reece eee 210 
princeps............22..20-.22222 2c eee ee 58 | Disaccanthus luteus .............2.2222----- 125, 126 
SPCCIOSA.. 0.622.222 eee eee eee eee ee eee 30,31, 49 mogollonicus..........-...---2-22-0000- 125, 126 
Cyatheaceae........2....222222.22222- 222005 27 VOLIGUS...0 0-22 e eee ce ee cee eee cece eee 125 
Cyclodictyon maxoni........................ 24 | Disisocactus.........2.0002022000000020 ce weeeee 259 
obscurifolium.........-.......2.2222..02- 24 biformis.... 22.22.0220 22 002 eee ee ee 259 
Cylindropuntia.-.........2.-.......0.022.005 241 (SWhGeNUS)...2 2.2.22 eee eee eee 255 
Cymopterus montanus purpurascens ......... 158 | Disocactus.................-..2-222222---- 255, 259 
utahensis.. 22.22.2022 eee ee cee ee 158 biformis.........00.0..... 00020222 eee e eee 259 
monocephalus..........02.20 2.002000 158 eichlamii...............2.22222.22-202 20 259 
Cynthia......0. 22. eee eee 176 | Ditaxis brandegei.......................2. 13,341 
Cyperaceae, New Mexican, list cited......... 109 gracilis. ........2222222. 20222 e eee eee --- 12 
Cypress, Guadalupe..........--2--..-1--.26- 312 neomexicana........-.----.---2222e eee 12 
odontophylla..................22...2-2-- 12 

Dalea emoryi......- 2-20.22. e eee eee eee ee 11 | Dithyraea griffithsii.......2..22.020 2000000... 124 
Ce ll wislizeni................-22..0222022-00-- 124 
Damiana.......---.-.-----2 2. e eee eee eee eee 350 | Dodonaea viscosa................----2--02--- 346 
Dasystachys.............0.2..0000eee cence eee 252 | Draba gilgiana......................-..-..--- 124 
Dasystephana rusbyi........................ 159 petrophila.................2......2--2.-- 125 
Dasystoma wrightii..................2...... 171 streptocarpa—...............222...-2006- 125 
Date palm..............222-220-2 22-22 e eens 316 tonsa.......22 22222 eee eee eee ee 125 
false... 22.2.2. l cee eee eee eee 243 | Drejera thurberi......... 2.2.2... 0000 20 e ee eee 17 
10): 243,244,254 | Drymaria crassifolia........................- 122 
Datura discolor.................-2222--+-+---- 17 holosteoides..............-.2.0--0-00--2+ 122 
Deckeria.... 2.2.22... e ee cee eee eee eee 225, 226 pachyphylla.................2.2..2...24- 121 


378 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Drymoglossum martinicense .........+++++000+ 51 | Epiphyllum hookeri......................2- 257 
wiesbaurii.............-00- eee ee eee eee eee 51 latifrons..........0..2.2- 22222 e eee eee eee 257 
Dryopteris germaniana..............+2000++- 60 lepidocarpum.............-2--.-+--e00ee 957 
opposita.......... 0.2. e cece eee eee eee 60 nelsoni... ........022. 00-22 e eee eee eee eee 267 
Sauvallei.... 0.2... eee eee eee eee eeeeee 50, 51 obtusangulum.........------.22 ee eee eee ee 262 
serrulata.............022 22-2 e ence eee eens 62 oxypetalum............-2.-.-+2ee2e-s 258, 259 
Dudleya anthonyi............---------eeeeee 329 phyllanthoides...............2222222.0.- 258 
Duranta plumieri............--..-..+---+++2+ 861 phyllanthus.................-.---2------ 258 
Pittieri .... 22.2... eee ee eee 258 
Ebony, Mexican. ...........------+--eeeeees 332 pumilum...........------+--+--+++++++++- 258 
Eccremocactus......-----.-----e-eeeeeeeeeee 261 russellianum.......2-....020 eee e ee sees 261 
bradei..... 2... ...020 222.2 eee e ee eee eee e ee 262 gaertneri... 2.22... 2 2222.2 ee eee eee ee 260, 261 
Echinocactus alamosanus..........--------- 239 stenopetalum.......-.........-2--+-+-+-- 259 
chloropthalmus.......------+-20e- eee eee 242 strictum..........22-20-. 2-222 e eee eee eee 259 
chrysacanthus...............2-+--++-++++ 351 thomasianum.............2-22-22-2-2006 259 
digueti. ..... 0.0.2... eee eee ee eee eee eee 351 MTUNCALWM .. 22... e ee eee eee eee 255, 260 
Tt) i es 15 TUSSCLIANUM .. 2-222 ee eee eee 261 
falconeri..........-.02---20- eee eee neers 851 | Erfastrum..............2...02.22-22-22- 22 eee 160 
fordii .. 2.2... cece eee eee ee eee eee 351 filifolium .......2..222..20---2-22 eee eee ee 160 
orcuttii 2.0.2... ee eee ee eee eee 851 | Erigeron bakeri...........-..--.2-...----+-- 185 
rectispinus...... went e esac cceccnteenccnee 351 bellidiastrum..............-...2-2--2000- 184 
wislizeni. .. 22.22... 2... c eee eee eee eee 15 deminutus.._........2..-2222.2---02020- 183 
Echinocereus brandegei...-...-. wen aaeeeeees 352 divergens... 2.22.2... 22.2222 e eee eee eee 184 
chloropthalmus............----------+-- 242 eastwoodine......-. 2.222222 eee eee eee ee 183 
engelmanni...............---2e-e eee eee 15 filifolius. 2.2... 2.222.202 cee eee eee 209 
imermis...........-0----0-2 eee ee eee eee eee 239 flagellaris........2......2--0-2-0-0-ee ee 185, 186 
luteus... 2.2.2.2... 2 eee eee ee eee eee eee 239 gilensis...............2..2--2--2-222-200++ 184 
Eddya gossypina..........----..---0--2 eee 164 glabellus group........-.-.-. cee ceee eens 183 
hispidissima.............-.----------000- 164 macranthus.............-..-.22--22--+-. 185 
Elaeis guineensis...............-.--+----+--++ 253 PTOUP... 0. eee eee e eee e ee ee eee teens 186 
Elapbrium............--.2--2-------- eee eee 339 ochroleucus.........2.2-.-22 2222s essen ee 210 
cerasifolium....................0-0---eee 339 peucephyllus.........----------------- 209, 210 
epinnatum................-----------0-5 339 rudis......... cece eee ee cece ee eeeeeeeeeee 184 
filicifolium.. ............-..---------20-++5 339 semirasus....-.....22-2222 22-22 e eee eee 185 
goldmani...............2...22 022222 ee eee 340 SONS... eee eee eee eee enone 185 
macdougalii..............-..2----0066 339, 340 TONSUS... 22.2. eee eee eee eee ee 186 
microphyllum............-..-.- 14, 324,339,840 | Eriodictyon angustifolium................... 261 
odoratum........... wee e eee cece enero 340 sessilifolium...........2-..-2-2-22522e eee 861 
rhoifolium..............-.---.-2---+++- 839,340 | Eriogonum abertianum. ..................-5 9 
Elderberry, blue... ........-.--.-.------+--- 366 ainsliei.....-......22 22-2. ee eee eee eee ee 117 
Eleutheropetalum..............--------+---+ 252 effusum...........-- wee e eee eee enone 118 
Encelia farinosa............-...-.2-22.000 18,368 leplophyllum.....--2.---2.202020e0ee 118 
Encino negro......-......0 0222-2 c eee ee eee 322 elongatum........---------------------- 825 
D0) (a 321 fasciculatum.........--.-..------+-- 8, 825, 326 
Ephedra californica. ...............2-.2...-- 315 gypsophilum............--2--2-------++- 118 
trifurca.......--2...2-22-. 2-2-2 eee ee ee eee 315 hieracifolium...........---------+------- 119 
Epiphyllanthus................--.-..-.-- 255, 262 lachnogynum.........----..----------+- 118 
obtusangulus..............---+-2-2.055-- 262 leptophyllum...........-.--.-----+----- 118 
Epiphyllum.........-..- 240, 240, 241, 255, 255, 262 leucophyllum..........-------------e00 118 
ackermannii...............-0..eeceeeeee 255 nudicaule..... 2.22.22. 2 2. ee ee eee eee eee 117 
acuminatum........-.-..-----------6-- 256 orecuttianum........2.-22-22.--2--2. 2 325 
altensteinii.... 2.2.2... 22 20. eee eee eens 260 pannosum............. wee eee cece cence 118 
anguliger...........--.-..--.-2-----+-++5 256 parishii..... 2.2.2.2... cee eee eee ee eee eens 325 
cartagense.........--..-.-------- eee eens 256 pinetorum....-.-......-....00002ee eens 9 
caudatum................ 222.2 sence en ee 256 polifolium...........-...-.-..----------- 326 
caulorrhizum............-.22--.0--220--- 256 trichopodum.........---.-.------+-.200 326 
costaricense........-...-. 22. e eee ee eee 256 tristichum..........2---2....-2---2+--6- 117 
crenatum......-..--2.----------2------- 256 vimineum..........---------------++--++ 9 
Garrahii. .......-..-..-.-------2------0-- 256 | Erodium texanum .........-.--....--.------ 838 
delicatuluwm........2.-.----2-20-0--2-0005 260 | Erysimum elatum........-..-...------.---- 208 
delicatum......--- 2... e eee e eee eee eee ee 260 grandiflorum........-.......-.2--2------ 208 
GMErtINETin. 0... eee eee ee eee eee 260,261 | Erythea brandegeei.........---..-- Leeeee $15,319 
gaillardae.........-..-------+-------- 240,256 | Erythrina purpusi..............-------.-- 335, 387 
grandé...........2--2.----------- eee eee 257 | Eschenbachia coulteri......-.--. eee ee eeeee 186 
grandilobum................-.--++----+- 257 tenuisecta..............20-222-022- 22-2 ee 186 
guatemalonse.............ceeeeeeeeeeeee 257 | Esenbeckia flava..........-.-.-.----- 330, 335, 338 


INDEX. 379 
Page. Page. 
Espuela del diablo............--++------00--- 365 | Fragaria vesca.........2-..2.--- eee eee ween - 268 
Euhemitelia (section) .......-.----------++-+ 26 | Franseria bryanti...... wees cece cece eeeeee --- 369 
Euklisia valida.............-....--2--------- 125 CaTduacea.. 2... 2... ee eee eee eee ee eee 369 
Eupatorium peninsulare..............---..-. 369 | Fraxinus attenuata.............-22--.------- 360 
Euphorbia alia......2....... ee ce eee ee ence eee 145 | Fremontia............2.22---- 2-22 e eee eee 349 
californica ............2---02--e eee cece ee $41 | Fremontodendron californicum...........--- 349 
ChAMACSUIA. . 0. cee ee eee eee eee eee eens 145 | Fresno... 2... eee eee eee e cece eee e ee eeeee 360 
dictyosperma mexicana ....--....+-+-+++-- 145 | Frutilla.....2....2 02... e eee eee eee eee ee 364 
CTiQNtha.. - 2.0.22 eee eee eee eee eee ee 13,342 | Fuchsia, Calilornia.............2.2-2-2-0000- 358 
erstipuUlatd... 2.0.2. eee eee ee eee eee eee eee 146 
Jendleri chaetocalyt.....-......-.------+-- 144 | Gaertnera pangali..........-22-2.22--2e 2 eee 305, 306 
lurida.. 222222 ee eee eee eee eee eee 145 | Galpinsia camporum.........-.....--------- 152 
MCTICUNA. .. 2-2 - ee eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 145 pTegeii.. ee eee eee eee 152 
MICTOMETO.. 0.22.02 0c eee eee ee eee eee e eee 144 lampsana.....-.....------0---2- ee eee eee 152 
misera......----.-.--------- eee eee eee eee 342 | Galvesia juncea.........-.-.------.---------- 364 
pediculifera ..........2222.2.22-22220---- 12 | Garambullo.........-..--.--2------ 220-2 e- 353, 354 
SOTTUID. 00. oe ee ee eee eee 144 | Garlic......2.2.2. 2.222222 eee eee eee eee eee 8 
tomentulosa.........--.-------2--------- $42 | Garrya goldmanii...............------------ 157 
xanti.....-----2---- 2 eee eee eee eee eee $42 C2 2 157 
Euploca aurea.........-....0.-eeee eee eee «616 salicifolia......2.-2.2.-2-2--222-------56- 358 
convolvulacea ........-.--.--.------+---- 17 veatchii palmeri......-..--.------------- 358 
TACOMOSA.....-.-2----2- 22 eee eee eee eee ee 17 | Gaura brassicacea.........222.22.-2-2------- 152 
cinerea... ....--.-2 22-22-22 eee eee eee eee 152 
False date palms.............----..--------- 251 fruticulosa......2.2.2.222222 2222 e eee 297, 298 
Fan palms.............-.- 243, 245, 248, 249, 253, 254 glabra........2..2. 2-2. eee eee eee eee 153, 153 
Fendlera falcata .........-.--2..-2se-eee eee 129 glandulosa.......------------2----+++- 158, 154 
tomentella........--.--..--------------- 129 gracilis. .....-..--.2---2-------+-0--22-e 158, 154 
Fendlerella cymosa........--.--------------- 129 induta...........---.2.-2--. 222 e ee eee 153, 154 
Fern, Rattle-Snake-root ...........----.-.-.- 301 linearis.......-.--------------e- eee eee eee 154 
Festuca aequipaleata.....-.-.-.-------------- 198 nealleyi............-.-2--------------0e5 153 
chactantha.....-..-..2-222222202222 22 199 podocarpa.....-...2..--22-- 22.22 eee eeeee 154 
COMMULALA.... 2. ee eee eee ee 199 strigillosa...........--------------+--+66- 154 
delawarica........... 2020022000002 e een ee 199 suffulta.......2222-.---0- 2-2 e ee eee eee eee 154 
eriolepis..-..2.2--2.-00-20- 222 ene eee eee 199 villosa.....2.22-- 2-22. e eee eee eee eee eee 152 
fratercula...........-.-2-2-.2.-2-2-22e2ee 197 | Gaureae (tribe).........--2--2-2--2-- 2-2 eee 296 
QlabTA.. 2 eee eee 198 | Gaussia............22222222-2-- 2222 244, 245, 252 
megalura.......-......------------22-05- 199 | Gentiana rusbyi.........2.2-0-2-2-22- 222 e ee 159 
multiculmis.........--.-+---- we eeeeeeeeee 198 | Geonoma.........-.--------- eee ee eee eee eee 252 
North American, Piper’s monograph.... 197 | Geonomacene........--.----------------+-+ 252, 253 
ObtUSA.... 2.22.2 eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 198 | Geraniaceae in ‘‘North American Flora’... 142 
octoflora hirtella...........2--.-.2.---2--- 199 | Geranium caespitosum -.....--.--.-----+-+- 142 
pseudoduriuscula ........---2222-0 00 -20-- 198 eremophilum.........-------------+-++-- 142 
Tubra.......-..------------ 22-2 e eee 198 fremontii.......---.-.---------2---2 eee 142 
kitaibeliana.............2-.2.2.-...- 199 lentum.....-.-.--------------e2ee ee ee eee 142 
sciuroides....-.....-------.------+--+-+- 199 wislizeni. ....---------------0----- 2202 142 
sororia.......----------2-2-.2 2222s eee eee 197 | Gerardia wrightii.........-.--------------05- 171 
LETONG. 02222 ee eee 198 | Giant cactus. ......2.....-----2------ eee eee 14,15 
tolucensis........-.-.....202222.0 2000005 198 | Gilia attenuata collina......-..-.-.--.----+-- 161 
aequipaleata............2---- Le eeeeee 198 brachysiphon.......--.----2----+--eeeee- 160 
villiflord...-------+-+-+2-2-- 2222222200055 199 campylantha......-.--.-------eeeeeee eee 160 
Ficus palmeri........ wee eee e ence eee eeeees 824 collina........------------ eee sees eee eee 161 
Fig....--...--..---- 02-22-2222 eee eee eee eee 324 filifolia. . 2... 2-2-2222 ee eee eee eee eee 160 
2 0 (6 324 formosissima .......----------------eeee 161 
Fishtail palms.............-..-..---------+-- 252 glomeriflora. .....-...-.---.-------+----- 161 
Flora of New Mexico, collections and collec- greeneana....------ ee eeee eee ee steer en ene 161 
COTS... oe ee eee eee eee ee ee eee 110, 111 multiflora. .....----.---0-ce eee ee eee eee 160 
literature........2..2.222.2222-222552-- 109, 111 pinnatifida........2-.22-2-----. eee ee eee 161 
preliminary publication............... 111,112 teXANA. . 22... eee ee ee eee ee ee eee 161 
prospective report ........-.----------- 109-111 viscida..... 22.222 eee eee ee eee eee 161 
Forchammeria watsoni...-.........-...-.---- 828 | Glaucothea armata...-.-.-.---.------eeeeee= 816 
Formalin specimens................2.--2---5 63 | Gleichenia............-.-.-2-------- eee ee eee 53, 54 
Fouquieria............2--..---0--- 202 - eee 350 Hiebmanni .....---- 22 ene eee ewe eee 52 
peninsularis............-.-...----------- 849 | Goat’s-foot morning-glory....--.----.2.-e++- 360 
SPINOSA .. 2... oe eee eee eee 350 | Gomphrena caespitosa....-......----2.2e000- 120 
splendens........ wane cece e cece eee neee 14,349 viridis. ...........222-2--22-2 2222 e eee eee 120 
Fox, desert...........-.22-. 22 eee eee eee eee 353 | Gongylocarpeae (tribe).......-...------- ---- 296 


380 INDEX. 
Page. Page 
Gongylocarpus..........-....2----..--+-- 287,297 | Hemistegia horrida .....-....-0.ec cece nen enee 43 
Srutescens... 0.22.0. -0 eee eee wee cece ees 298 INSIGNiS... 2.2.0.2 - eee eee eee eee eee 41,42 
Sruticulosus ... 2.2.2... 0 0.2 eee eee eee 298 kohautiana,........ 0-020 .00 2c eee e eee eee 45 
rubricaulis...............22-22. 2.22 eee 297 LT 39 
Goniophlebium eatoni.................-.---- 60 MELICUNA. 2.2.2 eee eee eee eee eee 39 
pringlei,. 2.0... 2c eee eee e eee 60 as 48 
rhachipterygium........................ 61 1) 46 
Gooseberry........2....6. 0222 e ee ence eee eee 329 TEPONAG. «2... 2-0 e ee eee eee eee eee eee eens 43, 44 
Gossypium davidsonii............-.-.....--- 348 SPECIOSA... 2-22 ee eee eee eee eee eee 49 
harknessii.........-....2-00- cece cence eens 849 spectabilis .....-......- wee cece ee eeeeeeees 48 
herbaceum. ............---22----2-e ee eee 348 willdenovii......-..2.2-2--20-22- 22 eee eee 41, 43 
Grindelia arizonica...... cece eee e cee eeeeeces 179 | Hemitelia aewminata..... cee ee eee eeeneneree 43, 44 
neomexicana.........----------e eee eee ee 178 apiculata. .......2.2.20. 2.2.22 eee eee 35, 36,37 
Pinnatifida..... 02.0... eee eee eee ences 178 arachnoidea........----.-...-------+ 84, 35,36 
setulifera.............2.22-2-0--22e eee ee 179 bella. . 2... eee cece eee eee e eee 81 
Grossularia quercetorum........-. wees eee eee 329 Cs 27, 46,47. 
Guadalupe cypress.....-.....-.22-2.. ceeeeee 312 capensis...!....-..2-2-.0.ee cece e eee eee 25 
Gualte. . 0.0.00... 00 -e eee eee eee eee eee eee 231, 237 chiricana........... weet e cece teen eee eee 32, 33 
Guamuchil...........202...2.-.22 222 eee eee 333 choricarpa.....--..-..------.-. we eeeeeee 40,41 
Guamuchli.............2....ee eee eeeeee eee 333 COMMUALG....-.--- 2-222 e ee eee ee eee 43, 44 
Guayparin. .........0... 2.2 cee eee ee eee eee 360 contigua.......-... 0. cece eee e ee ence eeeee 82,33 
Guimané..............-.22.. 2.22 e eee eee ee 266 cruciata......2 22.2.2 ee eee eee eee eee eee 47 
Savane............. wee ence eens eeeneeere 266 decurrens. .....-..-222--22 2-2 e eee ee eee 88 
Gymnolomia brevifolia..............-....--- 190 discussion .......-.-..2-2...0-2202eeee 25, 26, 27 
longifolia. ........222..02..022. 0222 eee eee 190 grandifolia......... 35, 37, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 
multiflora. ........2...2.02222 22 eee eee 190 grandis. ........2. 000. 2e eee eee eee eee eee 37 
guatemalensis............----------+2+++ 40 
Hackberry. ............-2..-022-22- eee eee eee 323 hookeri. ....---..2-- 222 - eee eee eee eee eee 43 
Haematoxylon boreale. ..............222.-.- 336 hookeriana...... 2.02. 222 cece eee e cece eee 43, 44 
Haiiy, ADb6..... 2.00... e eee ence ee ee eee eens 288 horrida....................0006 25,37, 42,48, 44 
Hauya. ....... 2.2. e cece cece cece eee eee ees 287, 288 IMTAYONA.... 2-22 eee eee eee eee 41 
OTDOTED. ..- 2222.2 eee eee eee eee eee 287, 294,357 IMTAYONG..... 20-2 e eee ewe eee ee 41,42, 43, 44, 46 
barcenae. ..........-.. ee eee eee eee 288, 289, 291 insignis.......0..0.c00c cen e eens 41, 42, 43, 44, 46 
californica. .........-.222202022 22 ee eee 204 integrifolia...........-.2-2.2.22-2---00- 30,31 
COC) 00 | Ee 288, 291 kohautiana...........--...-.-2.-2- 42, 43,45, 47 
donnellsmithii.......-.-.-2-.-22020e eee eee 289 Ee 30,31 
olegans.....-..2...---0-22- eee eee ee eee 288, 291 lucida... 2.2.0... ee eee eee eee eee eee ee eee 39,40 
hemsleyana............22.22-22-200-006- 298 mexicana... -..2 22-2222 eee ee ee eee eee 89, 40 
heydeana..................2-22-22.22---- 289 multiflora... 2.22.22... 222 e cee eee eee 25, 26 
lemnophila................-----+---++-+- 294 mumita..... 20.2.2 eee e eee ee eee eee eens 48 
longicornuta oblongifolia.........-.--.---- 294 mutica... 2.222.222 eee eee eee eee eee eee 34,35 
ovalifolia..........-22-22-. 222202202 ee 293 nigricans...........-. cece e cence ee eenenes 25 
lucida. 2.2... 2.2... ee eee eee ence eee renee 289 obtusa. ........--2-2-2-2-e eee ee 43, 46, 47, 48, 49 
microcerata. ..........0..2- 2.02 eee ee eee 292 petiolata. .... cence eee ence eeeee steeeees 88 
pedicellata. ............-020..2222222.2.- 298 pittieri.. 2.2.22... 00202-2222 eee eee eee 32,33 
quercetorum. ..........- 222.2 ee eee eee ee 292 speciosa. ........--..---------- 25, 30,31, 47, 49 
rodriguezii......-.......0-2...000020- 288, 292 spectabilis.............2-2-22-22.2--- 47,48, 49 
ruacophila..............---2-202e-ee eee 293 subglabra.........-.....-------- weeeeeee 36,37 
TuSbYi..........------ 22-22 e eee eee eee eee 291 subincisa. -....-.-......22-------- 30, 40, 48, 49 
Hauyeae. ....-.2... 2.22 eee eee eens 287 | Hemithelia obtusa.........---...----+--+---+- 48 
Hechtia montana..............--22-2.--+---- 817 SUDINCISA. - eee eee eee eee 48 
Hedeoma jucunda................-----2-+--- 169 | Herrickia ... 2.2.2... 22... cece eee eee 186, 187 
pulcherrima.............2-2222.22022204- 168 horrida......... 2.02. e eee eee ee eee eee eens 186 
Hedysarum molle.....-.....---...+ ceeeeeee -- 213 | Tlesperocallis undulata. ........-...--------- 8 
Helianthus canescens. ..........-.----++----- 190 | Hesperonia californica...............2-..--.- 827 
CANUS.....--- 2-2. ee eee eee eee eee eee eee 190 | Hesperoyucca whipplei.....................- 317 
neomexicanus.......--.-.-.---2-2---0-5- 190 | Heteroloma (section)..................---.-- 211 
petiolaris.............2---2-0-0-0-2-0-00- 190 | Heteromeles..................0.0202 22 ee eee ee 358 
CONESCENS . 2-22 ee ee eee eee 190 arbutifolia...... 22.2.2 0.. 2. e eee eee eee 330 
CaNUS,....-.---- ween eee eee eee eee eee 190 | Heteropogon contortus...................06 7 
tomentosus.......-. wae e cece eee eee eeee 190 | Heterospermum dicranocarpum.............- 189 
Hemiptilium bigelovii. ...........2-2-2-0---+- 176 | Heuchera chlorantha...........-.-.......--- 206 
Hemistegia. . 00.2... ccc eee eee nee 26 columbiana............-222..-222------ 205, 206 
CeCUITENS . 22 eee eee eee ee 38 cylindraced........2..222.20002 2022-2 e eee 205 
elegantissima.......-.------2+-002-e eee 47 eylindrica..............2.2....2-20-00 205, 206 
OTANGIPOlIC 0... ee eee eee nee -- 43,45 NANA... 2... eee eee eee eee 130 


INDEX. 381 
Page. Page. 
Heuchera pulchella........-...-------------- 1380 | Isocoma oxylepis.................seceseeeene 18 
Hibiscus coulteri.........-2...----2...-0000s 349 tenuisecta....-....--.------ ee eee ee eee 18 
Genudatus........ cece ee eee cece ee ences 13 oC: 0.) tes 369 
Hierba de la flecha..............-.-...00000+ 343 wrightii.............--..2. 202 eee eee ee eee 181 
Hoffmansoeggia. .......0---22-2 ee eee eee ences 336 | Isomeris arborea........... cc. cece cece enone 9,828 
Holly, California..............0-eee eee eee eee 330 | Ivory palms............2----...--- 245, 246, 249, 252 
Holly-leaved cherry ...........-.-.---.-.--+- 331 
Hornaday, Camp-Fires on Desert and Lava.. 7 | Jacquemontia abutiloides.................++- 361 
Hosackia mollis... .......0c0ccecccceeeeeeeeee 135 | Janusia gracilis. ...........-....0---2-e eee eee 340 
PUDETUUA 0... cece cee eee een eee e cece eee eeee 135 | Jarramatraca............0.e-e ec ee eee e ee eeees 356 
rigida NWMMULATIA.... 00.00. cece ewww eee 135 | Jatropha canescens...........-.------------- 342 
Houstonia angustifolia.............-----.---- 175 cordata... 22.22.22... eee eee eee eee ee eee $42 
rigidiwsculd ........0020020e eee ence ee 175 LG 341 
rigidiuscula..............0. ee eee eee eee eee 175 spathulata.........-.2...--------0-6-- 18, 348 
Hugelia ... 2... .020 cece cece eee eee eee eee eee 160 | Jeffrey yellow pine..............2.......---- 313 
(SeCtion)......0.0.-e cece eee e eee eee ee ee eee 160 | Jicara... 2... eee eee eee e eee eeee 365 
Huirigo.............0.02 2020 eee eee cece eee 319 | Jojoba.......-2. 22-2 eee eee eee eee ee eee eee 344 
timber................2-2--- 2.222222 e eee 320 | Juncaceae of New Mexico, list cited.......... 109 
Huisache..............22 20 e eee eee eee eee eee 334 | Juncoides piperi.....................2-2----- 207 
Huitsapol gordo...........2.2-..-2.02 eee eee 315 | Jumiper........2 22. eee eee eee eee 313 
Humming-bird flower...................-.-- 17 California .... 2.2.20. .02.....ee cece e cece es 312 
Hylocereus minutiflorus.................-.-- 240 | Juniperus californica.................22--8 312, 313 
Hymenatherum beriandieri................-- 191 cedrosiana..........2-2-222-2---2 ee eee 312, 313 
hartwegi..............- 0.22 eee eee eee eee 191 | Justicia insolita...... 2.2.2. 866 
NEOMETICANUM . 0.202002 e een e eee e ence eee 191 palmeri.......-...2.2---2 2c e ee eee eee 366 
thurberi.. .. 22.0000. 0 cece eee eee cece eee eee 191 
wrightii.....2..2---0220-0-20 02-22 ee eee 191 | Kallikarpon ............--2-. 0. eee cee ee eee 284 
Hymenoclea monogyra.......-...-------2++ 867 | Kallstroemia grandiflora wee ence ee ceeeeeees 12,16 
Hymenopappus arenosus..................-- 192 intermedia. .........---.----2--2---2-2-- 143 
artemisiaefolius.............--...-.---+-- 191 laetevirens. ........2--2.eeeceeeeeeeeeeee 143 
fisheri.........2... 02.0202 222 e ee ee eee eee 191 parviflora......2.. 2.2.22. e eee eee ee eee 143 
luteus. ......2.2... 2.2 e eee eee eee eee 192 | Kalokarpon. ...............eeee eee eeeereeeee 284 
mudatus............ 22 eee eee eee cece eens 191 | Kalokarpus.............. 22.2. e eee e ee eee eee 284 
Hymenoxys brachyactis................0+5-- 192 | Karwinskia humboldtiana................... 348 
chrysanthemoides.................------ 192 | Koeberlinia spinosa...............-0-.-..06-6- 350 
Ss 192 | Krameria glandulosa................-e0eeeee 9 
MEATNSIi.. 2... eee eee eee eee 192 | Kuhniachlorolepis........-......-.-....06-- 177 
cockerellii..............2.---2..0--- 2000 192 gooddingii............-.---...-2-----20-- 177 
mearnsii...........---- 220-222 e ee eee eee 192 
rusbyi.............2--- 2-2 2c eee eet eens 192 | Lantana camara................22---..20006- 362 
involucrata..........-.--. cece cece eee eeee 862 
Thervillea..... 2.2.2.2. eee eee eee 21 | Lappula floribunda..............-.--...--- 164, 165 
10) 00) 2) ne 367 prisea......... 22-2 eee eee eee eee eee 164 
Tce plant........-2------ 22. ee eee ee eee eee ee 327, hirsuta........-.2-2-------2 22-2 e eee eee 164 
Idria colummaris............----.--+-- 344, 346, 350 UPSIND.. wee eee eee eee eee eee eens 165 
Tlama (section)...................- eee eeeeeee 263 | Larkspurs of New Mexico, treatise cited aeeee 109 
Incense cedar.......-- 222-22. ee eee e ee eee eee 313 | Larrea glutinosa...........-2-2-2--200e eee eee 11 
Inciens0........-. 2-20-2222. ee eee eee eee 368,369 | Lathyrus, New Mexican, description cited... 109 
Indigo bush. ........--..-2--22-----22 seen ee 337 | Lattice palms...........2......022022 seen eee 252 
Injerto.....--...2-2- 2-2 eee eee eee ee ee eee 324 | Lavauxia flava................-. we eeeeeeeeee 155 
Tm0des..... 2.0.02 ee eee eee eee eee eee ence eee 251 hamata........2.2-.-. 222-220 e eee eee eee 154 
Ipomoea pes-Caprae...... 2.2.2.2 eee eee eee 360 taraxacoides...........--..2--------+06-- 155 
Tpomoeas...... 22.20.2225 2c ee eee eee eee eee 361 | Lemaireocereus eruca.........-.-...--------- $52 
Triartea.......2....220 22 eee eee eee 225, 226, 227, 252 QUMMOSUS..........-- 22 ee ee eee ee eee eee 852 
deltoidea........-2.... 2.2. eee eee eee 225, 226 thuberi.............--...------------- 16, 352 
PraeMOrsa....-- 2-2-2 eee eee eee eee ee 232 | Lepidocaryaceae..............--2-------+-- 251, 253 
PUbesceNns... 222-222. eee eee eee eee eee eee 223 | Lepidocaryum.,...............22-2----+-2-2- 251 
Triarteacene.........-2.--2-2- 2 ee eee eee 225, 252,253 | Lepidospartum squamatum...............-- 369 
Triarteas.........0.0- 2.2 e eee eee ee eens 238 | Leptilon integrifolium..............--.---.-- 188 
Triartella.............2---2-2-2-----2-- 22-202 226 subdecurrens............0-.--2- 222020 eee 183 
Ironwood, Mexican............---.-..--+---- 337 | Leptocereus quadricostatus...........-.----- 242 
a: a 11 | Leptochloa fascicularis..............-.-.----- 198 
DES) 331 mucronata pulchella............-.+-.+-++ 7 
Isocoma fruticosa ...........-----+-+-----+-++ 18 | Lesquerella argentea................-----2--- 127 
heterophylla..............-.------------ 19, 181 fendleri.............-.-.---------- ee eee 126, 127 
limitanea............2-------2-22 eee eee 18 |: 126 


382 INDEX. 

Page. Page 
Lesquerella pinetorum...............---- a»- 126 | Malorticacene.............-.22-2222 222 252 
PTACCOX.... eee eee eee eee eee 126 | Malpighia diversifolia.................2.2..2. 340 
rectipes.......2..2..2. 2022.2 eee eee eee eee 127 | Malus persica maxima, ete.......02.2........ 285 
Leucodon cryptotheca.........2.2-2-2-.----- 24 | Malvastrum micranthum..................-- 147 
MACFOSPOFUS.....-... 2222-2222 eee cece e ee 28 | Mamillaria grahami.......................... 16 
L’ herbe au serpens..... cence eee cece ee ee eeeee 301 TOS@ANQ.... 22. eee eee ee eee 353 
Libocedrus decurrens............--.--.------ 813 | Mammee...........2..2.. 0.02 eee eee eee eee 278 
Liga... 2.2... eee ce ee eee 342 sapota....... 2.22 eee eee ee eee eee eee 278, 280 
Ligusticum scothicum.................... 208,209 | Mammosa, species name............-...... 284, 285 
Linosyris wrightii..........22.22.2..--0-2226- 181 | Mangle............... 2-22 e eee eee eee ee eee 357 
Lippia barbata.....-............. pene eeeeeee 362 | Mangrove............2.20 2222 e ee ee ee cece eee 357 
formosa..... 2.22222 ee eee 862 | Manicaria.....2........-.. 227, 245, 246, 249, 250, 252 
palmeri.... 2.22.22 862 | Manicariaceae........-........ 245, 246, 249, 252, 253 
Live oak, California... .........22222-22-22-- 322 | Manzanita........-22....0 2.02.22. 2 eee eee 340, 359 
Canyon ........2..2. 2.02222 eee eee ee eee 323 | Marilaunidium angustifolium................ 162 
Livistona..........2..2.0.2202202.0 20222-2006 253 foliosum...... 22.22.0020 22.22 162 
DLoasella rupestris.. 2.2... 00.02 eee eee ee 15 hispidum...........22..22-.....02-202.-. 162 
Lodgepole pine..................2.2.2--..- 313,314 tenue ... 22.2.2... e eee eee eee eee 162 
Logwood .....................-2-- cee eee eee 336 xylopodum.........-....2.2..2.02222222. 162 
Lomboi..............--2.2-.2. 22222200 000200e 342 | Martynia altheaefolia............20.0220000... 365 
Long-stemmed annona of Veracruz........-- 269 | Mascagnia macroptera..................--... 3841 
Lonicera interrupta.....................-.--- 866 | Matacora........2......0.0 22.2 c cece eee 343 
Lophocereus australis...................-.--- 853 | Mauritia.....2 2.2.2... eee eee 251 
sargentianus...................2020-2000 353 | Maytenus phyllanthoides................. 346,357 
schottii.........2...2.222.0.0200 022202 .. 16,853 | Mearns, collection at Sonoyta................ 7 
Loranthus sonorae................22.2.2-2--- 3824 | Meibomia.............2..02..20..02 00222022 211 
Lotus mollis... 2.2.2 .0.222..00022220 200202 c eee 135 albonitens..............2.2222.2222..202- 125 
NEOMETICANUS . 2... eee ee ee 135 angustata..........20.2 2.0 ee eee eee 215 
puberulus..... 2.0... cece eee eee eee eee eee 135 barelayi...... 222.222... 215 
trisperMus..... 22.02.2222 cece ee eee eee ee 135 lunata... 2.2.22... 215 
Lower California, botanical collections....... 309 metallica............2..... 0.0222 e eee eee 214 
floral areas..... 2.222.222 -.202-22-.020000- 310 mollis.....2..2..2...22222200.0220002- 211,218 
literature of botany.....................- 310 painteri....-...... 22222222022 214 
Nelson and Goldman’s exploration...... 309 scopulorum.............2....22.2..2-. 211,212 
Lucuma.............22222 0020.0 eee e cece eee 283 SCULEIA. 0... eee eee 215 
MAMMOSA. 2.2... oo eee eee 283, 285 skinneri............2-22.2..0222222-.. 215, 216 
MAMMOSUM . 222-2 eee eee eee 285 | Melochia tomentosa. ..............2..2222.-- 849 
Lunaria botrytis elatior.... 2.2... .0 0000022222 299 | Menodora laevis...............02.022.000.2.. 158 
Lupinus aquilinus..........................- 188 SCabra......22-.22.22-222222 2222222 159 
argillaceus..................-22-2.2..-020- 137 scoparia. ..........0.2222220.0020002022202- 159 
kingii.... 2... eee 137 | Mentzelia aspera.........2.0200000200202....-. 149 
laetus.. 2.22.22. 137 asperula........222.2.2...20020 022 e cee eee 148 
plattensis...........000..00.00.0200.0022-2 138 hispida. ........2...02222.00.0 022222 149 
group...........22222222222222..02-.. 138 monosperma....-.-.....2.222.222.2------ 149 
platycarpos group. .............2.....-.- 137 oligosperma.............2...2..222022... 149 
sierrae-blancae.......-.2.....222-2-.2200- 138 pumila... 22.2222 eee 150 
Luzula arcuata major...................2.2-- 207 | Menyanthes trifolium.............2.22...... 68 
Lyciumrichii............2.222222.022022.2.. 364 | Mertensia amplifolia...............0.2.02...... 165 
torreyi.........2. 222.222.0000 2 eee eee 364 bakeri............002002.2.202222 222 eee 165 
Lycopodium aqualoupianum................ 61 Clliata. 2.2.2.2... eee ee 166 
dichaeoides. .... 2.22.22... 0.0222 61 fransciscana...............2-22.-.22200-- 166 

Lygodesmia minor............2-2.2.-----220 0 17 gleichenioides..........0220220000 cece eee 52,5 
Lysiloma candida... ..........222222..22222-- 833 prandis........--.-..2..220-00-2-0 0200s 165 
microphylla. .... wee eee eee ee eee eee eee 332 laevigata ........2.22-222.2.00cce cece eee ee 8 
Lysimachia terrestris. ..............2222..... 208 | Mescal.... 2.2.2... eee eee eee eee ee eee eee 365 
Mesembryanthemum erystallinum. ......... 327 
Machaeranthera amplifolia...........222..... 187 | Mesosphaerum emoryi.....................-. 362 
angustifolia............202220200.022222... 188 insulare........22-2.......220020-000000- 362 
aquifolia.........2.22202... eee e eee eee 188 laniflorum.................2..2.022.02004 363 
asteroides.............-.....--220220.0.- 188, 189 palmeri... 2.2.02... eee ee eee e eee ee 363 
centaureoides...............-.2.2202022-- 188 | Mesquite...........0.2..0.2022000-. 8,10, 11,15, 334 
pygmaea.. 22.22... eee 189 beans... 22.222. 2 222.0 e eee eee eee eee ee 10 
SS EGU 8) (>. 189 honey-pod.... 22.2.2... 2 cece eee cece ence 10 
tanacetifolia pygmaea.................--- 189 Palmer ...............0022202 0c cence eee 334 
Madrofio. .. 2.2... .222 2222202022 e ee eee 358 screwpod.......22....2.2 2222.2. e eee eee 334 
Mala mujer_......22.22.222.0020 0200222222. 341 | Method of types in nomenclature.......... 77,278 
Malortiea... 222.22... eee 252 | Mexican ebony ................0222.0202-00-- 332 


INDEX. 383 
Page Page. 
Micropteris orientalis.........2-2+2-----0---05 62 | Nuphar americand...........2-22+2200-0200-+ 67,78 
Microstegnus. ......---.---2-2 22 eee cece ences 26 history of name........---.-..----.-.+-- 65 
grandifolius......-----------2- 2 eee eee 41,42, 43 kalmiana .........-0-2-220-2 eee eee eee eee 72 
Microstylis porphyrea.........-+++-- Janeeceees 116 longifolium. ...........2-22202 eee eee eee 95 
PUTPUTED . 22. 2c eee cence eee ee eee eee eee 116 Es 66 
Miller and Standley, assistance in work on ee 72 
Nymphaea ....... cess cece ewe een e eee eee 63, 64, 65 polysepaluM .....0..2..2222 22200022 e eee 68, 103 
basis of work on Nymphaea........-.--- 64, 65 PICLWUM....0202000000- wee eee ene eeeee 68, 103 
Miller, G. S., earlier treatise on Nymphaea... 63,88 rubrodiscum.....--.. 2-20-2202 ee ence eee 67, 68,75 
work on Nymphaea...........---------- 63 sagittacfolia ..... 2222... e eee eee eee eee 68 
Mimosa purpurascens........-----+--------- 333 sagittacfoliwm ..........2.2242. 202022222 ee 95 
Kanti.... 2.0... eee eee ee eee eee eee 333 Sagittifolia.. 2.22.2... eee ee eee eee eee 67 
Mimulus parvulus........-.----------------- 171 LOMENLOSUM.. 22-222 ee ee ee eee 69, 89 
Mirabilis linearis subhispida.........-..--.--- 120 variegatuM,.......-202-202 eee ee eee eee eee 78 
Mistletoe... 22.2.2. ee eee eee eee ee eee eee 8 | Nut pines...............2-222220- 222 e ee eee 313, 314 
Momisia anfractuosa................-.------- 8 | Nuttallia gypsea......... 22. eee eee eee eee eee 149 
iguamaen............---.-2-0- 2222 eee eee 8 laciniata.... 2.2222... eee eee eee eee 150 
pallida. ...........02.202220-2-- we eeeeeee 8 multiflora. ......2...22.2-2222-222222205- 150 
platycaulis...........--.--...------------ 8 PTOCOIA.... 2-2-2 eee ee eee eee ee eee eee eee 150 
Monardella linoides...............----------- 363 strictissima...........020-2. 2 cece eee eee 150 
macrantha...........------------------- 363 | Nyctocereus guatemalensis...............--. 240 
Morenia.............-------0- 2-220 eee eee eee 252 | Nymphaea..........-....--------------- 63, 66, 69 
Morongia angustata.......-..-.....--------- 135 advena......... 66, 67, 69, 78, 82, 84, 88, 89, 90, 92 
occidentalis...................2----2--2-+-- 135 erythraea........2..2..2 eee eee eee eee 91 
Mountain laurel. .............-2-.-----22-0++ 10 macrophylla.......-.2-.-02..e0----- 89 
mahogany........---.2.--00-0eeeee2 ee eee 330 VOTICGUA... 2.222222 - eee ee eee e eee eee 78 
Mozinna spathulata............2...------+++ 18 IDG 022... e ee eee cee eee eee eee eee 65, 66 
Myosurus alopecuroides. .........-------+++- 123 americana............ 68, 76,77, 78, 84, 88, 90, 92 
cupulatus. ............22222222eeeeeee eee 123 Arifolia..... 2.2... 2. eee eee ee eee eee 67, 84 
egglestonii.........22...-2.220eeeeeeceeee 123 bombycina..........-----.-++-+eeeees 99, 102 
Myrtillocactus geometrizans............----- 353 chartacea. ..-.-...---2.2220+ 22+ ee eee eee 94,96 
dried specimens insufficient. ...........- 63 
Nama stenocarpum.....---------+----2-0000% 162 fletcheri.... 2.00.2 200002000 cc cece ee eeeeeee 67, 75 
Navarretia filifolia.......---.--+ -2--2-- 2000+ 160 fluviatilis......0..00..02.20200- 67, 98, 94, 95, 96 
Needle cactus.........------.-- seeterereeees 355 PACOIMA. «oo ecco cccccccncccccecnceccceece 8 
Nelson and Goldman, exploration of Lower RASA. oo oo oooevvcccceccccccccccceccceeee 67,95 
California...........-.- soeteteeetesessecses 309 history of name... .............22.----+- 65 
new species collected. ........-..-------- 31l hybrid... 2-.22-02.02-0eec0e-eeceeeee- 67,75, 92 
Nelumbo....... reaatte esos asec sccc sss scc cscs 65 kalmiana........-.......-2-----0------0- 67, 72 
Nephromeria (section)... wee e ee eee eens sees 211,215 longifolia... . 0.02.2. 0.02.0-0c0ececeeeeees 67,95 
New Mexico, parts unvisited by botanists... 110 VOUO8 ooo ooo 65, 66 
Proposed ae nooner cs cesses sees sees — orn ludoviciana ......-......--.-------+---- 92,93 
richness of flora.........----------------- - ee eg 
Nicotiana trigonophiyite...220..ssesss oo 1 nnimiina ante 
Nipa. .....------.-------- 2-2-2 ---eeeeeeeeee 246 , 
Nolina beldingi............----.------------- 317 macrophy Wd. - ~~ eon nenreennenseeenes 67,89, 90 
deserticola.......-.....2------e2eee2ee- 317 a ee 100 
bigelovii.......2..22.222-22-..20--2-- 2005+ 317 microphylla.............-----+-+----- 67, 72,77 
palmeri.............22-22-2022eeeeeeeeeee 317 MElWMO....----- +22 ee eee eee eect ee tees 65 
Nomenclature, American code.........--- 65, 67, 73 orbiculata.......-.------------- 68, 99, 101, 103 
method of types.....--...------------- 277, 278 Ot ee ees 97,99, 100 
Vienna code............-----------+-- 72, 73,75 ozarkana. ...--2.--- 222-222 e eee eee eee 91 
Notholaena bryopoda....-.......----------- 59 polysepala..........-..--------------- 88, 103 
candida......2.2...--0------ 0 eee eee eee 58 puberula..........--.-2---- 2222-22 e eee 99 
lemmoni............--------------------- 59 pumila. ..........22.222.222 222 eee eee eee 66,74 
stramined.......------+---2222 eee oe 59 rubrodisca......-2-------+--2---eeee eee eee 75,77 
leonina. wee ce eee e eee cece reece renee eee ee 58, 59 sagittacfolia. ... 2.0... cece eee eee eee eee eee 95 
pringlel.......-..-------------++ 2-25-2007 58, 59 sagittata... 2.2.2.2 eee eee eee ee ee ee eee 68, 69, 95 
Tisha sorters sss cess secs s wor rr sess sees 60, 61 sagittifolia............22...------- 67, 68, 95,97 
OSC]. «+ += == - Var rssseeeecee ees 59 ulvacea..... 0.2.02 22 eee ee eee ee ee eee eee o7 
Notophoria (section)...........----.--------- 26 . - 
Nuphar.....2..2.20..0--2--00-0--20-22-22 22 66, 69 VATICGALL.. 2.202 eee eee ee eee eee 78 
AVON ooo eee 69, 84 Nymphaeaceae.........--.--..-------------- 63 
hybrida.. 0... 222022002002 0eee eee 67,75, 77 | Nymphona........-----------2--2eee eee eeeee 69 
MANO eee ec ccccccccccccceccccceee 67, 68, 78 history of name............----.-------- 66 
MINUS .. << eee eee cceccccees 75 | Nymphosanthus...............--2---+--+--+- 66, 69 
tomentosum ....-..-.--.+-+--+-+-- 69,84,89 | Nymphozanthus........----.----++++++--++-- 69 
variegatum......-.---2-.2----2-2222-+ 69,78 history of mame..........-..-.---------- 66 


384 INDEX. 

Page. Page. 
Oak, Brandeges.............-....200-22 2 cece 321 | Padus melanocarpa.............-.....2--000 132 
California live........ ween cece cece eens 322 mescaleria........----.2.2-0--222ee ee ceee 134 
SCIUD.. 22... eee eee eee eee eee 323 pumicen..... 2.2... cece eee eee eens 1383 
CANYON live... .. ee cece e eee cece ee eee eee 323 Tufula.. 2.2.2.2... eee eee ee eee ee 132 
Guadalupe Island. ...........2.......2-- 323 Salicifolia... 2.2.20... cc cece cece eee eee 132 
Palmer... 2.2... c cece cece eee cece cece eee 323 valida... 0... eee cee eee eee e eee 134 
Ocotillo... 2... ccc eee eee eee ee ee ee eee 14, 15, 349 VITONS. . 2... ee eee eee eee eee eee 182 

Ocnothera albicaulis runcinata..............- 151 | Painter, J. H., connection with Nymphaea 
trichocalyt .. 2.0 .c.cccceccces eee eeeeee 151 0) 64 
OE | 288,294 | Palafoxia arenaria..................eeeeeeees 369 
OLIMID . oo ee eee ence cee e eens 157 | Palm... cece ce cece eee e eens 319 
hookeri... 2.22.02... 002000 c cece eee eee 155 African Oil... 2.2.0.2. 22 e eee eee eee ee 253 
frrigua.. 2.2.2.2... eee eee eee eee ee eee 155 mosquito... 22.2.2... eee cece cece eee eens 229 
Jamesii.. 2.2.00... 2. eee eee eee eee 5 cS 0 | nr 229 
laMPSANA... 2.2.2. e eee eee eee eee ee eeee 152 | Palmetto palms...............2.....22.00 251, 253 
macrosiphon............2..2.000- eee eee 155 | Palmettos. 2.2.2.2... 0.000.000. c cece ecw wees 249 
PVOCETA. 0.0... cece eee ee eee eee eee 156 | Palms..............000202000 002 aee 246, 248, 251, 253 
Strigosa... 2.2.0.0... eee eee cee ee eee ee 156 American ........2...0.0.2.ee eee eneeeeeee 225 
trichocalyt ...........- eee e eee cece ences 151 bag... eee ee cece cece e cece eee 252 
Oil palm, African .........22.0.200002..002-- 253 COCOId. 2... eee eee cece cece eee ees 249, 250 
Olmeya tesota............0...2.02 2022020 11,337 coconut.......... 2.2.2.2 e ee 244, 245, 246, 252, 253 
Omagraceae...........ce cece cece eee e cence cece 287 false date... 22.2.2... eee eee eee eeeeees 251 
Ophioglossaceas................. 2.222 e ee 301 fan. -..... 22.2222. 243, 245, 248, 249, 253, 254 
Opuntia bigelovii........................... 16,354 fishtail. 2.02... e cece eee ceeee 252 
chaffeyi... 2.0.00. 000000 222 e eee ee eee 241 IVOTY ... 2.0.22 eee eee eee ~ 245, 246, 249, 252 
chlorotica...............2.222.22202 eee 16 lattice... 2.2... c cece cece eeceee 252 
cholla...... ween een ene cece nee e cee eeeee B54 PACAVA.. 2... cece ee eee ee eee 252 
Clavellina..........0...0...-000 eee ee eee 355 palmetto. ............2 0... e eee eee eee 251, 253 
comonduensis. ...............0.0200e00e- 854 pinnate........2.. 2.2.2 c cece cece eee ees 243 
fulgida.......... 0. eee eee eee eee eee 16 pinnate-leaved................2.22.- 244, 248, 254 
leptocaulis..........2.22.222222200.000e- 241 row-flowered. ................02e2eeeeees 252 
phyllanthus.....22 22.22 eee e cece eee e ee eee 258 D0) 62) 225, 244, 252 
pumila. ........ cc... eee ee eee 241 C2) | ns wees 251, 253 
pyenantha..............2......02 eee eee 354 Stilt... eee eee 225, 252, 253 
margaritana................2.02...02- 354 SUZOL. 22. eee eee eee cece e ee eee eees 253 
SP..-..-.--- weet e cece cece cece cece eens 354 talipot .... 2... cece cece eee 253 
tapona.......... eee eee eens 354 toddy . 2... 2... eee eee eee ee eee eee 254 
Orchilla. 0.0.0.0... 20. eee ee cee ee ee ee eee 312 100: 246 
Oreobatus neomoxicanus.................-.- 130 true date. ... 2.22... 2222 eee eee 243, 244, 254 
rubicundus.,..................----------- 18 2, 248, 249, 251 
Oreocarya glomerata..............--..-.----- 166 | Palo amarillo...................2..2.-- 330, 338, 339 
perennis,...............2......222220002- 166 DANO... eee eee eee cee een eee 333 
urticacea..........02. 2202222 166 bark used for dyeing................. 333 
Oreodoxa acuminata...............22.22.... 232 do Adan... 2... eee ee 349, 350 
praemorsa........------ 222-2 eee eee 232 de Brasil. ..... 22.222. ...2 2222.2. eee eee 336 
Organ pipe cactus. ............2......222.... 352 de hierro. . 22.2.2... 00.0. .2 0 cece eee eee 337 
Osmunda. .. 2.2.2.0... 202.2 ee eee eee eee eee 300 de plia..... 2. eee eee 336 
asphodelia radice............-2-.-02000- 300, 301 de zorilla.. 2.222222... 2.2.22 335 
CiCULOTIO 2... eee eee eee ee 301, 303 escopeta.... 2.0.22 eee ee 332 
fronde pinnata caulina.............2..2-- 300 San Juan...2 2.2... ccc cee ee 328 
scapo caulino solitario.............2.....- 300 OC) a 10, 335, 336 
virginiana. ..........0020202 eee ee ee eee 300,303 | Panocha................-22.0-22.20-2202 eee 320 
Orybaphus linearifolius..........0000022.-000- 120 | Parkinsonia aculeata..................... 336,337 
microphylla ....................2..2. 10,836 
Pacaya palms..............22202 002 ce eee eee 252 | Parosela emoryi.....................--..... 11 
Pachycereus calvus..................-..-- 355, 356 Spin0sa.. 2... 2. ee eee eee eee eee 11,337 
oreuttii... 2.2.2... 356 | Patris, J. B., collector...................00.4 266 
pecten-aboriginum................-..-..-. 855 | Paurotis........000.. 0.00. cece cece cece eee 251 
pringlei.............2022...002020000000- 355 | Pazanita ...... 0. cece cee cece cece cece cece 350 
titan... 2... cece eee eee 355 | Pectis angustifolia...............--......-.. 19 
Pachycormus discolor..................----- 344 | 020) 9) oes: ae 19 
Pachylophus australis. ............22.......- 156 | Pedilanthus macrocarpus..................- 343 
ETIQUUS © eee eee 157 | Pellaea notabilis................20..2.22-205- 61 
eximius ..............00000.00.202222000- 157 | Pentstemon antirrhinoides................. 364 
Montanus........2.....02.0..2.0222 22 ee 156 bridgesii............2.2....00222 0222 e eee 173 
Padus calophylla................2.2..2.22--- 184 eardinalis........2..0..0.00......0220-- 171,172 
capuli...... 2.2. 133 centranthifolius..............2..2...20-+ 365 


INDEX. 385 

Page. Page. 

Pentstemon cinereus..........--.-----.---- 209 | Phyllocactus grandilobus...........-..-.-+-+- 257 
CONINUS..0..0ccee cece eee cece cere eee cess 209 OTONTIS.. oc. eee ee eee eee eee eee ee eee 257, 258 
COnfertus. . 2... eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 173 hookeri.... 22222-2222 eee eee ee eee eee 257 
CTASSUIUS.. 2.00.02 0-0 22 -e eee eee eee eee 172 latifrons.......2-2--2-2- 2c e eee eee eee 257, 258 
linarioides...........----220-0- ee eee e eee 365 lepidocarpus . 2.2.0... cece cece cece ee eeees 257 
neomexXicanus............-----.-2------ 172 MACTOCOPPUS...- 22-2222 eee ee eee eee eee 259 
oliganthus .........2...-.-----2--------- 172 marcrolobus..........222-22- 2022 eee eens 257 
palmeri..........00-0.-00- eee e eee eee eee 365 MACTOPEETUS ..000 0 ee cee cece eee eee eee 259 
PTOCETUS.... 22.22. eee e ee ee eee eee ee eee eee 173 orypetalus.... 222-222. eee eee eee eee 258 
puniceus. .......-2---e ee eee eee eee eee 172 phyllanthoides..........2-0-22 202 eee eee eee 258 
Spinulosus.....2.---eeeee cece eee ee eee eee 173 PhylAnthus... 0... cece eee cee eee eens 258 
unilateralis....... ence eee e cece ee en erences 172 Pillieri ..0.2 22 e eee eee eee ee eee 258 
wrightii... 2.2.0.2... eee ee eee eee eee eee 172 Lt 259 
Pereskiopsis brandegeei............-.--.-.-- 356 TUSSELIANUS 0.2.0.2 eee eee eee eee eens 261 
Perezia nana. ...............0.. ee eee eee eee 187 stenopetalus......22-.. 2.6222 e eee eee eee ee 259 
Peritoma breviflorum............---.-..--- 128 SUTICLUS ©. 2 eee eee eee eee 259 
luteum... 2.2... c cence cence eee cece eee eee 128 thomMasianus.......00-- 2 cece eee cence eee 257, 259 
Perityle emoryi........ ees 19 | Physalis cardiophylla..........--.-.-------- 17 
Petalonyx thurberi.........-.--.--.-------- 15 | Phytelephantaceae...-.......- 245, 246, 249, 252, 253 
Petalostemum prostratum.........---..---- 188 | Phytelephas........... 227, 245, 246, 247, 249, 250, 252 
Petradoria graminea.............--.-------- 183 | Phytolacea...........--.-.----2- eee e eee eee. 305 
Pumila. .. 22... ewe cece eee eee eee eens 183 | Picradeniopsis dealbata............----.-...- 192 
Peucephyllum schottii..............-..----- 369 | Pilannona (section)... ... seeeeeees ceeecere 263, 264 
Phacelia arizonica...........-...2-----.2---- 163 | Pilocereus schottii.....-.-...-----+------0000- 16 
bombycina.........-..--- eee eee eee ee ee 163 | Pinacate region, botanical collections........ 6,7 
depauperata.........-.2-2-0- eee eee ee eee 163 distribution of plants........--.-.-.--..- 7 
intermedia. .............-..--.---2-2-26- 163 exploration. .........-2----.--0--+eeeeee- 5-7 
tenuipes.......... wwetenecerecercccw eres 1638 geography......-.-----.-0-- 2-2 ee eee eee 5 
Phaseolus acutifolius......-.-...------------ 140 | Pine.... 2.2.2.0... eee eee eee ee eee ee ee eee 313 
tenwifolius ....ccceececece cee ceceeeeee 140 Coulter. ......22-202-ee cence ence ne eeeee 313 
dilatatus..........-.-0.----2- 2 eee eee eee 139 Jeffrey yellow..........-.-. wee eeetereees 313 
grayanus........ oe eee ee eee cece eee eens 139 lodgepole......--....-22-2 2s eee eee ee eee ee 314 
metcalfei ............20---- 02 e ence eee 140 SUQAI...- eee eee eee eee eee eee 313 
TOtUSUS...... 2.2.0 cece eee eee e eee eee nee 140 yellow.....-.-.-------2- 2-0 eee eee eee 313,314 
tenuifolius..............0... 222 e eee ee eee 140 | Pines, nut....-.-...----2- 262-2 c eee ee ee eee 313 
wrightii..... 2.2.02... ee eee ee eee eee 11, 159,139 ponderosa type...--....-----------eeeeee 313 
Phaulothamnus spinescens ........-..-.--- 827 | Pinnate palms......-.--...----.---------.--- 243 
Phellopterus purpurascens............+.--+-- 158 | Pinnate-leaved palms........-.-.-.---- 244, 248, 254 
utahensis............-.---2-2--2e--e- eee 168 | Pinus cembroides............--.-.---+--eee0- 818 
Philadelphus pumilus....................-- 829 contorta..-..-- 2... 22-2 - eee e eee eee eee 314 
serpyllifolius............2.2-0-.-------05 329 coulteri.......-...-.-----------------0ee- 818 
Philibertella hartwegii heterophylla. ....... 16 edulis. ....-.-------------- ce eeeeeeeeeeee $14 
Phlox brevifolia.......-....------+++-eee eee 161 jeffreyi.........-.-.-.------ +e eee ee eee eee 813 
40:6 161 lambertiana.........-.-..-.---------0--- 313 
longifolia. ........0..cce cence eee ee eee eee 161 monophylla....-.....---.-----------+--- 314 
brevifolia........0.002.02 eee eee eee eee 161 MUITAYANA...--- 2-2 eee eee eee eee eee eee 315 
stansburyi. ......--------- 2-2 ee eee 161, 162 parryana.......-.-. 222-222. eee eee eee ees 314 

forma brevifolia.........--.--.--- 161 quadrifolia...........-.-.-2-2-2ee eee eee 314 
stansburyi...........-..-----------+--- 161,162 | Pinyon........-.-..------ +++ eee eee eee eee ee 314 
tenuis. ........00- eee eee ee eee eee eens 161 Parry... .----- 22-2 eee eee ee eee een eee eee 314 
Phoenicaceae.........--.seee cee eee eee eee eee 254 single-leaf.....-.-.--.--------seeeeeeeeeee 314 
Phoenix.........0csceeeee cee ec ence ee eeeeee 243,244 | Pinyomns.....-....----------- +22 eee eee ee eee 313 
dactylifera............- wee eee e eee eee eee 816 | Pitahaya agria........-...---22.+0-2+see eee 352 
Phoradendron californicum ..........-.....- 8 1) (0 ee 352 
Phyllocactus.......0ccceeeesee cece cece eee 240,255 | Pithecolobium dulce.......-....----.-------- 333 
ackermanmnil. .......-.2--020000 cece eee eee 255 tortum........ 0-2. eee eee eee ee een es 334 
OCUMINALUS ...... 2-2-2 eee eee eee 256 | Platanus racemosa.....-.... wet e eter eeseeeeee 830 
anguliger ... 020-2200 eee ee eee eee eee eens 256 | Platyopuntia................... wee eeeceeeees 241 
biformis.....---.------ 22-2222 ee eee eee eee 259 | Plectris.......-..-...---------ee eee eee e recess 252 
Cartagensis........-----.2-2 2222 e eee eee eee 256 | Plectritis congesta........-......-....+-00ee- 209 
cawlorrhizus............2222- 22 ee eee ee eee 256 Minor...-----.---- 2. eee eee ee eee 209 
COStATICENSIS.... 2.2622. e cece eee cece ee eee 256 MACTOCETA...----- eee eee eee eee eee 209 
CTENMUUS. .. 2... e cece eee ce eee eee 256 | Pluchea sericea.....-....----.--------++++-+- 870 
darrahii.........0.0- 2-2-2 eee ee eee 256 | Plumiera mexicana.....-.......---------+---- 360 
eichlamii.........--------2--2-0 022 e ee eee 259 | Poa delawarica............---------------+++- 199 
Qaerinert. ......------ 0-2 e eee eee ee eee 260,261 | Poaceae of New Mexico, list cited.......-...- 109 


386 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Poinciana californica...........------++-+-+- 387 | Pteropsis.......-..---------- eee ee eee eee eee 51 
Placida......-.----.---- 22-2. eee ee eee eee 337 martinicensis.........-. cece cece een eeeees 51 
Poinsettia eriantha........-....-.----------- 18 underwoodiana. .......-.-.----2---2+-+-- 51 
Polygala neomexicana..........-.-.---+-+-+- 144 wiesbaurii.........- cece cece ee eeeeeeeeees 51 
puberula. .....-.---.----- 2-20 eee eee e es 144 | Ptiloria bigelovii..............--.---- steeees 176 
Polypodium donnell-smithii......-....------+ 61 tenuifolia.......2...2.222-2.0- 222-22 eee ee 17 
duale......-..-.200----- 2-2 ee eee eee eee 61,62 | Puccinellia distans.....-...-.-...-.---.----- 199 
CLONE... ee eee eee CS ce 232 
extemsum.....-.----------2-- ee eee eens 62 
ghiesbreghtii...-.-...-------.--0-2e eee eeee 60 | Quaking aspen........---.2. 2-2-2 22-2 eee eee 319 
grenadense......-.-.------- 0-2-2 e eee eee 62 | Quamoclidion triflorum..............-.--.-- 327 
heterotrichum............---.-------+-+- 62 | Quercus acutifolia..........-2---------- eee ee 322 
horridum.....---.---- 2-2-2 -ee eee eee eee 43,44 agrifolia......... cece cece eee e ence ce eeees 322 
jenmani..........---.-.------++---+--2e- 62 arizonica.........222- 22.222 eee eee eee eee 133 
lasiolepis........-. 2... 2-2-0202 0-eeeeeeeee 62 brandegoi......--2..-2-.-2-2-- 2-2 eee eee 32 
leptostomum.......-.....-- ceteteceeeeee 62 chrysolepis......----...-----0--2--eeeeee 323 
orientale....-.-.-.-------.-- 2 eee eee eee 62 CONfUSA..-. 2-2. eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 116 
pendulum......-...--.-..---- 2-2-2 seen ee 62 devia.......--.--------- eee eee ee eee eee 822 
PrOductUM. ..- 2-2-2 eee eee eee eee eee ee 62 dumosa....-.....----2- 2225-2 e eee eee ee 323 
rhachipterygium.......2-2.2----+--e0e0ee- 61 fendleri......-.-.---.--------------+-25+ 116 
SerruUulatUM,..-- 2-2-2222 eee eee ee eee eee 61 fusiformis........-.-----.---- 2-22 - ee eee 321 
stenoloma.....-- 2.2222. 2c eee e cece cece eee 61 glaucoides.........---.------------ eee eee 322 
tenuiculum.........-.--- cee eee ee eeeeeee 62 grisea... 2.2.2.2. 22222 eee eee ee eee 133 
wrightii.....---.-. +2222. eee eee ee ee eee ee 50 idonea........-.-------------- 22 eee $21,322 
Polystichum ambiguum...-......-.-.-.-..-- 49,50 media............-------- 22-222 e eee eee 116 
dissimulans.....--..-----.---2----2-e eee 49, 50 palmori........------ +++ ----- eee eee eee 823 
heterolepis......-.-.-----.--------+--++-- 50 phellos......2....------------2 2-2 eee eee 322 
ilicifolium.........-.-....-----------+-.- 50 tomentolla... 2.2.2... 22 eee eee eee eee 323 
longipes......------. 202020 e cece eee eee e ee 50, 51 undulata.........---.-2-+ 22 eee ee eee eee 117 
plaschnickianum.........-......-------- 50 | Quinine bush.......--.--------- +--+ ee eee eee 358 
polystichiforme.......-----.-.-------+--- 50 
triangulum............-----.--------20-- 5O | Racamatraca......-------.- eee eee ee ee eee eeee 356 
ilicifolium.....-..-..-- cee e ee eeeeeeeee 50 | Raimondi, Antonio, life and works.......... 218 
wrightii....-.----..-------------- eee eee 50,51 | Raimondia...........---..0-+------ eee eee eee 217 
Pongati.......-.---.--------------------- 305, 506 monolea. ..... 22.2. e ee ee ee eee ee eee ee ee eee 218 
zeylanicd....-..---------+----2 2. eee eee eee 306 | Ramona capitata.......--.---- 22 - eee eee eee 17 
POongatiwm.....------ 2-0-2 eee eee eee eee 305 incana pachystachya. ......--........... 863 
indicum ......------.--- +22 222 eee eee ee 306 polystachya.....-....---- eee e eee ee eee 363 
Populus fremontii....-.......-.-.---.---+--- B20 | Raphia...........-------.--- eee eee eee ee eee 251 
macdougalii...........-.--2-2---2------- 820 | Rapinia..........----.-----+- 2-222 eee ee eee ee 305 
monticola........--...-------+------- 315, 819 herbacea...---. 02 see ee eee eee eee eee 305, 306 
tremuloides.....-.-.-.-.-.-.-----.---- ... 819 | Reinhardtia................-------.--------- 252 
trichocarpa.......-....-------------.+--- 820 | Retama............-.-------------------+-+-- 336 
Porophyllum confertum..........-.........- 370 | Rhamnus californica. .....-.----.-------.--- 348 
gracile. .........00202- 2222-2222 e eee 19,370 CLOCOA. 22... ee eee eee eee eee eee eee ee 348 
Porotrichum........-.--...---0----e-ee-eeee 23 iguanaca...----.-- cece eee eeeee wee eee penne 8 
cobanense...-...--------------------- eee 24 | Rhipsalis............-------. .--..-.---+-- 241, 255 
Prapa...-..--- 2-2. eee eee ee eee eee eee 234 | Rhizophora mangle. ....---.--.------------- 357 
Prenanthes tenwifolia..........-0-+2-000--20-- 17 | Rhus choriophylla......-.-.------------.-0+ 146 
Presl, treatment of Hemitelia...............- 25, 26 VirONS . ..-- 2. eee ee eee eee eee eee 146 
Prickly annona of French Guiana..........- 273 | Rhynchosia albonitens.......-.-..-------+.-- 215 
Pritchardia................--------.--------- 253 | Ribes brandegei..........------------------- 329 
Prosopis glandulosa..........---.-------. 854, 346 indecorum.........-.------.-+-e-eeeee eee 329 
odorata.....-...----- ceeeees cece eeeeeeeee 8384 | Rice fields, weed...........----..-.-.-.----- 305 
palmeri............2....--22-2-2-22 eee eee 834 | Ricinoides palustre. ..........-----2-.--00-055 307 
velutina......-.----.--------2 2-22 e eee eee 10 | Robinia neomexicana. .........-...-.-----.- 140 
Prunus ilicifolia............-.-.-.-.----+-+-- 331 TuSbyi...-....---- 2-0-2 -ee ee eee eee eee 140 
Pseudepiphylium (subgenus)....-.-.--.------ 255 | Roecellasp..---..-----------------2-- eee eee 312 
Pseudocymopterus filicinus... ...-...-.--.--- 158 | Rollinia..............------------ 22+ eee ee eee 217 
Pseudophoenicaceae..........----.--- 246, 249,251 | Romerillo......-...------------------------- 367 
Pseudophoenix. .............-2-----------05- 243, | Ropalon.....--.----------- 2-22-22 eee e eee 69 
244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251 history of name.......-.-----+---++--++- 66 
Sargenti....---. 22. ee eee eee ee eee eee 244 Sagittatum 2.22... ee eee eee eee eee eee 95 
sargentii.........-..--..--------------- 243,244 | Rosa adenosepala.......------------ 2+ eee 1381 
Psoralea megalantha.....-....-.----------++-- 140 californica. ...-..--..-----2.- 222222 e ee eee 331 
mephitica........---2-..--.--.2--------- 140 fendleri..........--.--.-------------2-5- 131 


INDEX. 387 
Page. Page. 
Rosa hypoleuca ....--..-----.-.2--eee eee eee 181 | Schlumbergera.....-.........-........002225 260 
minutifolia.....-...... 2.0.02. eee eens 331 epiphylloides... 2.0... eee eee eee eee 260, 261 
Rose, California. .........2...---22. 20022220 331 gaertmeri... 2.22.22... 2222 eee ee ee 260 
small-leaved.........-222-2--2-2.02 ee eee 331 russelliana............2-2-2.ee2 eee eee 260, 261 
Rose, J. N., descriptions cited............... 109 | Schmaltzia ribifolia...-..........0000 0222222. 845 
Rothrockia cordifolia................2.2..... $60 | Schoepfia californica...............02.222...- 824 
Row-flowered palms.....-.....2-22....00.0.. 252 | Scrophularia californica............. 2222.2... 174 
Royal palm family..............222..22-222- 253 laevis. .....2-22..2222-- cece eee e ee eeee eee 178 
palms. ........2....2.0.0....0200-- 225, 244, 252 parviflora .. 2.2.0.0... 002.02. e ee eee 1738, 174 
Roystonea..... 2.2.22... eee eee eee eee eee 244,252 | Sebastiania bilocularis....................... 843 
Rubus sp... ..-...---2 0 eee eee eee ee eee eee ee $31 | Selenicereus urbanianus....................- 242 
Ruelliasp...........22..20202 0.2 e eee ee eee ee 366 VAQANS...-...- 2-2. eee eee eee eee eee eee 242 
Rumex hymenosepalus.........-......--.-. 9 | Senecio filicifolius..........00000002 000000000. 19 
Rutosma purpureum........2.....2...... 1438, 144 goldmanii...........2..22222..200000002. 370 
texanum....... ceeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeees we) «14 metcalfei.....-.2.....2.-.. 202 cece ee eee 193 
pentodontus. ...............222.... eee eee 194 
Sabal.....------.-. 02-22 e eee eee eee eee 251 pudicus... 2.222.222.2222... e cece eee eee ee 194 
Sabalaceae....-...22 2-22 e eee ee eee eee eee 5 remifolius........2....22--0.000-ceeceeeee 194 
2 363 sacramentanus..............2.02.2.2220002 194 
Sagebrush..........--....--22--2222-.222222-- 367 | Sericotheca dumosa. ............-2222.000-02- 331 
California. .....2--...2.--22.. 202022 367 | Sideranthus glaberrimus..................... 180 
SP) 324 laevis. ...022. 2222 180 
Salix bonplandiana.......-.....2............ 520 viridis... .......2222000000 20.0222 e eee 19 
Oxigua........----. 2. eee eee ee eee eee 320 viscidus. ....22...2-.2200222.002002 eee eee 180 
lasiolepis...................022022 220000. 820 | Sideroxylon..........222.2.....0020 20002 285 
taxifolia..........22-.-.222222-222200200- 321 | Siderorylum.... 2.2.2.0 0.20.20 22 cee eee ee eee 280 
Salomonia biflora......-.-2..22.....22.22.2.. 114 inerme; calycibus, ete. ........2.00..0202-- 280 
cobrensis.........--...2--222--222-222-.. 113 Sapola.....-. 22.2222 ee eee eee 280, 284, 285 
commutata.....-.-..---------...-2....- 114 | Silky annona......2. 2222.22 22.222 e eee eee eee 263 
Salvia ballotaeflora............2..2.202...... 170 of British Guiana.............2222..2222. 267 
pinguifolia....-.....2..22.22.222.222- 169 of French Guiana. .......2..2.....2..20.. 265 
californica. .......-...-.---22-22-22-22-- 363 | Simmondsia californica............... 344, 346, 365 
Ee 169 | Skunk tree........ wee eee cee e cece eee eeeeeee 335 
farinosa......-.-.-----2-----22-22 222202 169 | Smoke tree, spiny...........2222.-222...00-. 11 
pinguifolia.-......-....--...-...2.--- 169,170 | Socratea..........2.22222 222 cc eee eece cee eee 225, 226 
pitcheri.....---...222222222-2---.. eee 169 | Solanum heterodorum.............-2---..00-- 170 
Similis......-----..--------.22222.020222. 36: hindsianum................2..22222... 17,864 
vinacea.....---2 22.2222. ee eee eee eee 170 NOVOMETICANUM. 0.2.0.2 eee eee cee cee 170 
Sambucus glauca..--..-.-.---.-2-2222-2-2.-.- $66 | Solidago arizonica....................2....... 181 
neomexicanus....---.--..-2-2-2222.202-- 175 canadensis.........-...2.2000022 2222 ee eee 181 
vestita......-.2-.02 2.2222 e eee eee eee 175 arizonica......2. 2.2.0 c eee eee eee 181 
Samolus........-.--..------22-22--22-.2----.. 305 castrensis........2.2...0202-. 0202 ee ee eee ee 22 
Sand verbena. ........-.---.2..---22--..2.--2. 327 chandonnetii.-............000.0020002002. 222 
Sandbar willow. ........--...-222.22..22..... 320 erecta. ......- 2-2. 2.222 eee eee ee 222 
Sape.....-.-.--22 22-2 eee ee 231 fisheri......-.-.2.-2222.222222.02222. 223, 224 
Sapodilla.................. 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 285 gillmani.... 2.222.202.0220. 0 2-2-2 ec eee 222 
nomenclature. ........2......2.... 279, 280, 285 glaberrima.........-.....--2-2.222.2.. 183, 221 
tr@@. 2.2 eee ee eee eee 279 howellii.............2..2.0002002022222..22. 181 
varieties... ...........222 2222 ee eee eee eee 279 jejunifolia. ....... 2.222222 22 2222 223 
vernacular use of name. .-....-.......... 278 missouriensis.......---.-.-.-2....2-0-- 182, 221 
Sapotd......-.-.2----22-2- 2222s 279, 280, 282, 283 multiradiata neomericana...............- 182 
QChraS...- 2-2-2222 2 eee eee eee 285 neomexicana. ....-.........-22-.2-222222- 182 
fructu ovato, etc. .-..-.2222 2.22.22 eee 285 radula.........-..2.2-0222 2020022222 182 
MAMMOSG..- ~~~ 2-2-2 e eee eee eee eee 285 rigidiuscula............-...2--222.202-- 221, 223 
2apotilla...-..--22-. 22022 e eee eee eee 282, 285 sceiaphila...........2..22..002 eee eee eee 222 
Sapotaceao..-.--..--...2. 222 eee eee eee eee 280 speciosa..........--- 22.2 ee eeee eee eeeeeee 221 
Sapote............ 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285 tenuissima..............220.20e. cece sees 182 
Chiclo.........202--22 222-22 eee eee e eens 278 VWenulosa.... 2... .cce cece ee eee eee eee e eee nee 221 
chico. ..........0 02-222 esse eee eee eee eee 278 | Sophia adenophora............2-.2..2..222-- 127 
grando.........2..22 2-2 eee eee eee eee 278 glabra. ... 22... 0 2. eee eee eee eee 127 
nomenclature...........---2.-.2...... 277, 285 halictorum..................02202200e eee 128 
small..........2222222-2--0- 2-222 e ee eee 278 C0) 0) 0 127 
vernacular use of name...-.............. 27 Sorrel switch.............02....0.022.02000ee 346 
Sarcostemma heterophylla...............-.--- 16 | Soursop..............220.02222 2 eee eee eee eee 266 
Satz....-..22 2.22.2 e eee eee cee eee eee 320 | Sphaeralcea arenaria.....................- 147, 148 
Scalo palms..............222202202002020ee 251, 253 macdougalii. .........2.2..0..22.2.020020e 13 


388 INDEX 


Page 
Sphaeralcea pedata........-.....-----+------ 148 
angustiloba.......--....---.---+----- 148 
subhastata................------------- 147, 148 
tenuipes. ........2..-... 02 eee ee eee ee eee 148 
Sphoenoclea.......---...---..----22 22 e ee eee 305 
pongatium.......-.----.---- ee eee eee eee 306 
zoylanica..........2.-.2..2--22ee eee ee 305, 306 
Sphenocleaceae......-.....------ 0-0-2222 eee 306 
Squirrel, antelopo...........---..------------ 345 
Star thorn. ...........022 222-2 e eee cee ee eee 369 
Stegnosperma halimifolium...............-.. 327 
Steironema validulum.............-..-..---- 158 
Stellaria crispa.......-.....2--2.2.-0-2--005- 207 
Stenolobium incisum...............--..----- 174 
£2 6 |: 175 
Stillingia linearifolia..........-..-....-.----- 13 
Stilt palms. ........-....---....--- 225, 229, 251, 253 
Strawberry.......--.--.------------ee- 264, 268, 269 
Streptanthus carinatus................-..--- 125 
Strombocarpus...........-.--.--...020eeeeee 8 
Strophocactus. ........--...-----.-.--------- 262 
wittil. 0.0.2... 22222-22222 - eee eee eee 262 
Succulents, inadequacy of dried specimens. . . 63 
Sugar palms. ............-...2-2-.---2------- 253 
Sugar pine.........-.-.-. 22-22-2222 eee eee eee 313 
Switch sorrel...............-2-2-2- 2202s eee 346 
Sycamore, California. .............----- ee---- 830 
Sympetaleia rupestris................--...--- 15 
Symphoricarpos parishii..................... 367 
Synechanthaceae .................----- 244, 245, 252 
Synechanthus..............-2-.-------.----- 252 
Tagetes lacera........-.-..---------2-2e- eee 370 
Talayote..........-..22- 222 eee eee ee eee 360 

Talinum angustissimum..............-.....- 12 
aurantiacum.........-...-.-------------- 120 
angustissimum........---.--+-------- 120 
brevifolium................0220.22222022- 121 
lineare..............-2-2- 0-2-2 e eee eee eee 120 
longipes........-.. wee eee cece eee eee eee 120 
parviflorum...........2..-2--22-2-2-22+-- 121 
pulchellum...........2...2-222-2.----.---- 121 
Talipot palins.........-.-.-.---------------- 253 
Tamarind.............-.--...---+------------ 337 
Tamarindo. ........--.-...----+--2--2---+-++-+- 337 
Tamarindus indica. ...........-....--------- 337 
Tapir.........2.22-2- 222 e eee eee eee 234 
Tapirira edulis. ................2-2-222.22-0-- 345 
Tapirus. .........0---. 2260 -e eee ee eee ee eee eee 234 
Tecoma stans......--2...---2200 eee ee eee eee 175 
Tembulwaenna. ........ wee eee eee eee eeeeeee 305 
Terebinthus microphylla...............+------ 4 
Tetraclea angustifolia............2........... 170 
coulteri.... 2.022.222.2222. eee eee eee 170 
Tetraneuris depressa...........--..---------- 193 
formosa. ............22-2 2.0 e eee eee eee eee 192 
leptoclada..........2.2....2-22 2-2-2 e eee 193 
pygmaea............-.2. 2222-2 eee eee eee 193 
Thalictrum peninsulare..............----.--- 328 
Thamnium cobanense.........----.--------- 24 
Thelypodium sagittatum............2.22.... 128 
vernale......-....---22. 02 -ee eee eee eee eee 128 
Thrinax.......-.....-----2---- 2-222 e eee eee 251 
Thymophylla hartwegi...............-....-- 191 
neomexicana. .......-....---+---2-------- 191 
thurberl...........----..---------------- 191 
Tilmia..... 2. cee eee e cece eee eee ee eweeeeee 225, 249 


Tithymalus altus 


bark used for dyeing 
Touterea laciniata 


Triodia pulchella 
Trixis angustifolia 


Tropical trees, investigation 
True date palms. ........-.--..----2--- 
TumMamoc.........2-. 222 e eee e ee eee 21 
Tumamoca......---22.22- 22 eee eee eee ee eee 21 


Tumionella monactis 


Vachellia farnesiana 
Vallesia dichotoma 


Velvety annona of Nicoya 


Viscainoa geniculata 


Washingtonia filifera 
gracilis. . 2.20.22... 2-0-2 e eee eee eee eee 316 


becca geceeeeceeeteeeseeeceeeees 262 


luridus.......-----.----- 2.2 eee eee eee eee 145 
menxicanus.........--0-.-2 200-222 e ee ee eee 145 


Trichobactris........2....------2eeeeeeeeeees 249 
Trifolium lacerum 


243, 244, 254 


Tuparosa.......-----.- 2-22 ee 17 
Turnera humifusa 


Ufia de gato............. eee eee cece eee eeeeee 337 
Underwood, view of Cnemidaria. 


Verbena bracteosa........------5-- eee eee 17, 166 
ween cece cece eee e ec eee eenenens 166 
Verbesina oreophila 
Verbesinaria (section) 
Veronica americana 


Vicia melilotoides........--------+.0+-eeeeee 141 
pulchella........-- 2-2 eee eee eee 141 


Vienna code of nomenclature. ..........-- 72,73, 75 


tastensis............-------2-.----26- 371 


tomentosa........-.-..-------2- eee eee eee $70 


Vulpes macrotis devius.......-.....-.------- 353 


248, 249, 251 


INDEX, 889 
Page Page. 
Wedelia incarnata..........0...00..00000-00-- 9 | Xylomagra..... 2.2.2... eee eee cece cece ee 287,294 
Wedeliella incarnata..............200.0...... 9 ATborea..... 2... eee eee eee eee 294,357 
Welfia... 2.2.2... e eee cece cece cece eee eee 252 | Xylorrhiza.. 2.2.0.2... 2. 187 
Wettinella...... 2222.00.00 cece cece cece 235 
maynensis................0022--0000000-e 287 | Yellow pine....... 02.2... eee 313 
quinaria.......... 20. .e cece cece 236, 237 Joflrey... 2.02... e eee eeeee eee 313 
Wettinia......................... 226, 227,285,252 | Yellow pond lilies.........2....0.0.0.2...... 63 
augusta.......0.2.0.2.eeeee eee eee. 235,237 | Yerba de fleche..........2020..2............. 343 
iMaqueans...... 22. .0.ce. cece eens eee. 237 del venado...... 2.2.22 0000022. 370 
maynensis.................-......-.... 237,238 | Yucea.... 0.0.22... cece cece cece eee -- 317,318 
Wettinieae... 2.2.2.2... eee. 234 | Yucca angustissima.............2........... 115 
White brittle bush.......222........... 18,368, 369 baccata....... eee. e eee eeeeeeeeeeee 115,318 
White fir... 22.2... 312, 313 baileyi........... 02.00. eeeeee eee eee 114,115 
Wilcoxia striata........2......0.0.0.0.0.0... 856 brovifolia......... 0.0... eee. 318 
viperina... 2.2... 220.2222. 0 0. 242 Blauca.... 0... eee eee 115 
Willow... 0.22... cece cece eee 320, 321 neomexicana......... 22.2.2... eee eee eee 115 
Bonpland aS wa eee ncnceeceenscacecanecuce 320 POO... cece cece cece eee ee 317 
CC | 265 Valida.. 2.2.00... cece ccc eee cece ee ee 817,318 
sandbar........2....0......20........... 320 Whipple... 22.2.2... 0000022202 eee. 317 
Wislizenia costellata......................... 9 ZANCONA.. eee eee eveeeeeeeeeecc 299 
palmeri........2.....00000.,...00........ 328 
Wittia.... ee "255,261 | Zancuda.................., soreterescecscoes ama 
amazonica............................ 241,261 Zapotilla, Species or subspecies name........ 282 
eontarleens---ooseeeneessesnne sia 28! | catsomneris caters 
Wootten AMAR | Byeocactass. cess 240,255, 260 
parviflora.................., 189 altensteinii.. 2.2.0... elle 260 
TOS Stns sss nse e sss ce ss delicatus. 22.2... eee cece eee eee 260 
Xanthoxylum pterota....................... 339 truncatus...... 2.2.0.0 00 cc cece eee eee e ee 260 
Xiphopteris ertensa..........20....0...-..... 62 | Zygophyllidium exstipulatum............... 146 
45966 °—16——_-3