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THE 

MODERN   PART 

P  P    A  N 

Univerfal  Hiftory, 

FROM    THE 

Earlicft  Account  of  T  i  m  i, 
VOL.    V. 


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•    -     r  -**  #-  i       t 


"J  •/- 


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THE 

MODERN   PART 

OF    AN 

Univerfal  Hiftory, 

FROM     YHE 

Earlidl  Account  of  Time. 

Comj^kd  from 

ORIGINAL  Writers. 

■^^■^—         ■      ■  — ■ —  -  -  - 

By  the  Authors  of  the  Antient  Part, 

--         -■        — • — •  •      - — • — ' 

VOL.    V. 


LOTi  D  O  N: 

..tinted  for  &  Richardsok,  T.  Osborne,  C.  Hitch, 
A. MiLLAK)  John  Rivincton,  S.  Crowoer, 
P.  Datey  and  B.  Law,  T.  Longman,  and  CWarb. 


M.DCC.LIX.      J2  :i  3  Dgl^yGOo^e 


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tt] 

I 

Modem  Hiftory: 

B  ElKd    A 

CONTINUATION 

OF    THE 


BOOK    il. 


ijfnV.it  1-^  n  t 


CHAP.     VL 

Tie  Hifiory  of  Jenghiz  KhahV  Sutteffors , 
in  Tartafy  and  China. 

"the  keiga  of  Timiirj  tdM  hy  the  ChincfeS  Chlhg. 
tfong. 

Af  T  E  R  the  death  of  Hu^i-ldy  (or  Kublay)^  Pe-yen^  as  Sticthi 
prime  minifter,  knd  general  of  the  irmy,  gaVfe  the  nc-  Khin 
ceflary  commands,  to  prevent  all  diforder;  iind  in-TimWi 
Vited  Timur  to  come  immediately^  and  be  acknowleged  emperor^ 
pnrfuant  to  the  laft  will  of  his  grandfather-.     This  appoint- 
ment he  alfo  notified  to  the  princes^  and  other  generals  of  the 
troops ;  giving  them  to  underftand,  at  the  fame  time,  that  he 
Would  fiot  fiiffer  the  leaft  oppofitiop  to  it;     The  aflembly 
met,  by  agreement,  in  Jpril  1294  5  where,  notwltliftahding,  A.  D; 
feveral  princes  intended  to  declare  fomebody  elfe  empercr.  1 294^ 
Then  Tuji  Timur  fpoke ;  and  faid,  TTtat  it  was  proper,  Vith- 
ont  delay,  to  inftal  Tim^r,  according  to  the  intention  of  ffu-^ 
P'l'lay,     Pe-yen  feconded    Titjl  Timur  ;    and,   drawing  hi^ 
fword,  declared  he  would  never  acknowlege  any  Othe^  em* 
Mod,  Hist.  Vol.  V.  A  ogzed^fS^ogle 


2  JcRghfz  Khan?j  Succejfors  B.  II. 

Sixth,   peror  than  Timur,    The  general  Twe-chechar,  great  grandfon 
Timur,  orof  Porgu,  one  of  JengMz  KhurCs  four  intrepids,  was  of  the 
Ching-  fame  opinion,  as  well  as  all  the  other  generals  :  it  was  known 
tfong.     ^fo^  j^at  the  Chinefe  great  men  would  declare  for  Tmur. 
^  '"7     Hereupon  Kanmala^  eldeft  fon  of  the  late  prince  Cheng-kin, 
gave  his  vote  for  Tiinur,  his  youngeft  brother  ;■  the  other 
princes  did  the  fame;  arid, 'Tn  fhort,  all  fell  on  their  knees 
before  that  prince,  to  acknowlege  him  for  emperor.     Notice 
was  immediately  given  of  this  to  all  the  tribes,  generals  of 
troops,  and  mandarins  of  the  provinces  of  China  :  a  general 
amneffy  was  publilhcd  likewife,  according  to  cuftom. 
His  fir  ft         One  of  the  firft  a£ls  of  Tiviur,  who  is  known  to  the  Chi- 
a6ts.  fiejes  by  the  name  of  Ching-tfong,  was,  to  give  the  title  of 

emperor  to  his  father,  and   that  of  emprefs  to  his  mother. 
He  likewife  erefted  monumems  to  the  memory  of  his  father 
Cheng-kin y  grandfather  Hu-pi'lay,  and  the  prmcefs  his  grand- 
cnfother ;  punftually  paid  what  was  due  to  the  princes  and 
princelTes  of  his  houfe,    to   the  generals  and   mandarins  : 
ihewed  great  marks  of  confidence  to  his  brother  Kanmala^ 
and  declared  him  his  lieutenant-general  in  Tartary.     He  ap- 
pointed generals  tooppofe  Hay-tu,  and  other  princes  of  his 
party.    -He-pFOvided-for  the-fecurity  of -the  pFevinces  by  a 
choice  of  good  officers,  giving  full  powers  to  Pe-yen,  Tiiji 
TemuKy  Twe-chechar y  TtitMa,  and  others,  in  all  matters  what- 
foever  which  concerned  war.     He  caufed  the  finifliing  ftroke 
to  be  given  to  the  hiftory  of  Hu-pi-lay  ;  made  peace  with 
the  king  of  Gan-nan  *  ;  and  ordered  commerce  with  India  to 
be  renewed,  which  had  been  interrupted  by  the  war  with 
^a-wa  f . 
Death  rf      \^  December  this  year  died,  the  famous  Pe^yen,  at  the  age 
Pe-yen.    of  fifty-nine,  with  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  greateft 
men  whom  either  China  or  Tartary  ever  produced.     The 
emperor^  the  princes,  the  generals,*   and  univerfally  all  the 
officers,,  mourned  his  death  a  long  time;  and   the  Chinefe 
v"  hiflorians  have  beftowed  on  this  general  a  magnificent  elegy  i 

The  year  1295  is  marked  for  the  iirfl  of  Timur*s  reign 
by  thG.Chinefes,.  who  ufually  reckon  to  the  deceafed  emperor 
:  that  in  which  he  dies  (A).  At  the  beginning  of  it,  lands 
were  given,  in  tlie  fouth^n  provinces,  to  the  foldiers,  on 
-  condition,  to  keep  in  awe  the  Myau-t/e:  a  kind  of  independ- 
ent people,  who  inhabit  certain  mountainous  parts  of  Se- 
chwen,  ^ey-chew,  Hu-quang,   ^ang-Jt,  ^ang-tong,   and 

*  Containbg  Tong-kitig  and  (A)  Altho'  this  rule  or  euf- 

'  Kochin  China.  tom   is   not  always   obferved, 

t  Suppofed  to  be  near  Ai7//7«  many  inflances  being  found  to 

*  i^ja*  the  contrary.    QauhiL 

'■      '  elfcwhcre* 

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C*  6.  In  Tartary  and  China.  j 

dfewhere ;  having  languages  and  laws  different  not  only  from    Sixth. 
the  Chinefe^  but  from  one  another,     la  April  there  happened  Timfir,  w 
a  grievous  famine,   on  which  occafion  Timiir  ftiewcd   his   ^iftg- 
readinefs  to  fuccour  the  people;  he  caufed  large  alms  to  be^  ^°^'. . 
diftributed  every-where  to  the  poor,  and  the  public  granaries      %    "^ 
to  be  examined  :  henceforth  alfo  he  forbad  the  felling  of  civil 
employments  *. 

In  1296  the  daughters  and  fitters  of  the  Mungl  emperors,  GWri;pr- 
as  well  as  the  princes  and  grandees  their  hufbands,  were  pof-  lation* 
fefled  of  very  great  privileges.  By  little  and  little  they  had 
affumed  to  themfelves  the  right  of  judging,  and  putting  to 
death,  their  vafTals  and  domeftics.  Several  abutes  on  this 
occafion  determined  Timur  to  make  a  law,  that  no  perfon 
whofoever  fliould  condemn  another,  without  having  the  em- 
peror's confent ;  which  regulation  is  highly  praifed  by  the 
Chinefes. 

In  1297  the  emprefs-mothcE  had  a  mind  to  go  to  U-tay- 
Jhan^  a  mountain  near  the  city  of  U-tav  (B),  to  fee  the  tem- 
ple which  file  had  built  in  honour  of  Fo,  As  this  journey  a.  D. 
muft  have  been  very  chargeable  to  the  people,  and,  befides,  1297* 
was  not  agreeable  to  the  emperor  her  fon,  who,  through 
refpeft,  would  not  oppofe  it  openly,  the  Chinefe  great  men, 
deeply  averfe  to  the  worfliip  of  Fo,  prefented  that  princefs 
with  a  petition  full  of  fpirit  and  eloquence.  After  delicately 
fctting  forth  her  known  tendemefs  and  compailion  for  the 
people,  they  exaggerate  the  number  of  perfons  ruine,d,  or  dead, 
on  occafion  of  that  temple  ; .  and  make  a  difmal  reprefenta- 
tion  of  the  evils  which  fuch  a  progrefs  would  bring  on  the 
inhabitants  of  Pe-che-li  and  Shan-Ji\  nor  did  they  fpare  to 
exclaim  againll  the.  worfliip  of  Fo  Hereupon  the  emprefs 
defifted  from  her  defign  ;  and,  as  flie  faw  that  the  emperor 
did  not  approve  of  it,  ftie  was  unwilling  to  give  him  the  leaft 
uneafinefs. 

TIMURy  when  he  appointed  his  brother  Kanmala  for  his  Hay -t4 
lieutenant-general  in  Tartary y  and  Twe-chechar  for  general  oidefeated, 
the  troops,  ordered  them  to  follow  the  counfels  of  T^t^ha,  A-  ^^ 
prince  of  Kin'cha{Q),  who  had  beaten  prince  Hay-td  in  feve-*^?7- 
ral  engagements.     T4tuha  died  in    1295,  ^^  Stven-htt-fu  in 
Pe-che-Ii,  as  he  was  fetting  out  for  Tartary,  to  command  one 
of  the  armies  defigned  againft  the  fame  enemy      He  was  fuc- 
ceeded  in  his  titles  and  honours  by  his  fon  Chohangdr,  who 

»  Gavbil.  Hift.  Gentel.  p.  223,  &  feqq. 

|B)    In  the  diftria  of  Toy        (C)    The  ^  fame    with  Kaf* 
Tnven'-fut    capital    of   Skan-Ji     chdk  or  KifydL 
QaubiL 

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•  4  JcRg^fz  KbanV  Strerefforf  Bi  It 

.  SixfJIf.    wad  as  great  a  captain  as  his  father,  under  whom  he  always 

't iMr,  or  Ccrved^  with  diftinftion.     This  general,  being  in  1297  aj^- 

Ching-    pbihted  to  oppofe  Hdy-t^^  who  was  advanced  as  hr  as  the 

•tfange    country  of  Parin,  marched  a?t  the  head  of  his  trobpsrf  Kin-^ 

ci'd ;  and,  finding  him  encamped  along  the  river  JrA,  pre- 

jfared  to  attack  him  :  but  in  O^ter  he  fled,  and  retired  to-^ 

wards  the  norths    Next  year  prince  Tuwa,  Hay-ttlf*^  brother^ 

was  defeated  by  Chohangur,  to  the  weft  of  the  mountam  Jl^ 

idy^  towards  the  fource  of  the  river  Irtijb,     In  Augttjt  a  de- 

tbchment  of  Hay-tu^s  army,  being  met  by  prince  Ko-H^ki't/e, 

'Ci;^ho  had  married  the  €mperor*s  daughter,  he  defeated  them* 

A\tct  times  :  but,  falling  from  his  horfe,  was  taken,  and  car* 

i*ied  to  Hay-Hy,  whofe  great  ofiers  he  refufed„  chufing  to 

Be  flain,  rather  than  pro¥e  unfaithful  to  Tmur^ 

TlmSr'/       ^^  January  1299  ^^^^  monarch  fent  mandarins' mto  aHtftitf 

charity,     provmces^  to  examine  into  the  lofles  which  the  people  had 

Jk  Di      fufiered ;  the  damages  which  the  tt-oops  had  caufed ;  the  fa* 

1 299.       milies  of  mandarins,  who  had  not  wherewithal  to  live  on,. 

fuitable  to  their  condition  ;  and  the  peafants,  who  could  not 

iCultivate  the  lands.    Thefe  commiffioners  gave  a  real  relief 

to  the  poor,  the  difeafed,  the  old  officers  who  were  no  Ifen* 

get  able  to  ferve,  and  to  thdr  families.    This  conduft  loaded 

Timt^r  with  the  publick  applaufe :  he  refiried  continually  to 

declare  war  againft  Japan,  altho'  fevcral  Mz/Tg'/j,  who  de-. 

lighted  in  blood  and  flaughter,  urged  him  tait.    If^e  em- 

feror  declared,  that  he  would  live  in  peace,  and  banifti  the 

vices  which  reigned  In  the  empire.     He  daily  inquired  inta 

the  iTiiferies  of  the  people,  and  feemed  to  be  fenfible  ooly  of 

^  the  glory  of  making  them  happy. 

The  hiftory,  however,  felame&TTmitfr  for  having  lent  2 
bonza,  in  quality  of  envoy,  to  Japan,  in  February  this  year : 
k  pr^fes  the  emperors,  who  fent  deputies  to  foreign  courts  j 
and  adds,  that,  for  fiich  commiflions,  it  is  neceflary  to  chufe 
out  men  of  credit  and  titles,  and  fuch  as  do  honour  to  the 
empire  by  their  magnificence,  gravity^  and  w  of  grandeur^ 
worthy  the  dignity  of  their  prince. 
jfn  ediffe  T^^-  tribunal  of  mathematics  having  foretold  an  eclipfe  of 
'  mjiaken,  the  moon  for  Aiiguft,  which  did  not  happen  ;  the  great  lords, 
to  favc  itS"  credit,  reprefented  to  the  emperor,  that  heaveii 
had  for  that  time,  in  his  majefly*s  favour,  caufed  a  change  in 
the  motion  of  the  fun.  Timur  did  not  believe  what  they 
faid ;  yet,  without  punifhing  the  tribunal,  fent  them  notice 
to  fet  the  liars  in  order  again. 

In  the  year   1300  Lyew-Jhen,  a  general  of  the  troops,, 
reprefented  to  the  court,  that  the  kingdom  of  Pa-pe-ft-fsl 

would 


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Googk 


C6-  In  Tbt^tj  and  Ch]M:  ^ 

(D)  would  not  receive  the  calendar  of  the  empire;  "and    Sixth. 
.pmyed  his  majeily  to  permit  him  to  compel  the  inhabitants  to  TimAr,  or 
.TpDow  the  form  of  the  ChineJ^year,  and  reckon  their  months  ^*"€?' 
iike  the  fubjefts  of  the  emperor^     One  of  his  minifters,  called^  ^°j' 
Wan-tfc^  conHdeiing  this  as  a  ferious  affair,  perfuaded  ^^i**''*^''^^''^ 
emperor,  in  Decemher^  to  attack  the  kingdom  of  Pa-pe-ft-fH.  ^^  ^^^n^ 
Alaafitn  opposed  that  Tcfolutbn ;  alleging,  that  the  people,  ^^ 
whom  they  wouid  attack,  were  barbarians ;   that,  ind^d, 
they  m^ht  be  inftrufted,  if  his  majeifty  thought  fit ;  but 
that  it  would  be  of  no  ufe,  as  well  as  dangerous,  to  make 
war  upon  them.     The  emperor  faiJ  nothing  to  the  minifter 
Alaajun  ;  but,  contrary  to  his  cuftom,  he  fell  la  a  paffion  at 
another  mandarin,  who  went  about  to  give  his  advice.    la 
eflfeft,  Ly^w-Jben  was  ordered,  with  20^000  men,  to  attack 
Pa^pe-fi-f^  K 

B  o  T  it  was  not  long  bcfore'Tnmtfr  Tepemed  this  unfortunate 
war :  mofl  of  the  troops  periflied  by  famine  or  ficknefs,  anJ 
the  province  of  Tim-nan  fuffered  much.     The  bordering 
people,  who,  till  then,  had  lain  quiet,  took  arms,  and  plun- 
dered feveral  countries  fubjeft  to  the  emperor.     This  war  at 
length  became  ferious  ;  many  excellent  officers  died  in  it ;  fo 
that  the  troops  of  HA-<jiuiingj  Se-chwen,  Shen-Jiy  and  Yun- 
9ian,  were  obliged  to  march ;  and  Koko  (E),  fon  of  HA-pi- 
iay,   had  orders  to  fupport  thofe  troops,  in  cafe  of  need. 
Tefiitar  (F)  and  Lyew-kd-kyay  -(G),  after  many  difficulties  and««^/"i* 
lofles,  fttbdued  Pa-pe-fi-fi,  and  pacified  the  troubles  which ^«^^^* 
the  Myaii'tfey  and  the  pepple  of  the  frontiers,  had  excited  : 
npr  was  jt  till  the  year  1 303  that  an  end  was  put  to  the  war. 
The  emptor  often  Jet  Alaafun  know,  that  he  repented  hav- 
ing not  fiiUowed  Ids  advice  :  which  occafion  a  great  manda- 
rin laid  hold  of  to  reprefent  to  his  majefty,  that,  for  thirty 
years  paft,  the  empire  had  been  at  exorbitant  expences  to 
make  war  on   Japan^  Gan-nan,  ^a-wa,  and  Lyew-Kycw, . 
wiibout  fhe  leaft  profit.    He  compared  thofe  wars  to  &at  of 

*  GAVBfuubifup.  p.  225,  &  feq. 

t©)  A  pretty  larige  cotmtry,        (F)  He  was  the  fon  of  JN^r/w- 

between  futt'Tfan  and  BtngSiki  ijfent  general  wtAtrMengks  and 

Luiiai  but  the  air  isvery.<ttfi.  Hi-pi-lay,    GaSiL 
whalfoine,  andtiid  pe|^e  poor ;        ( 6 ) .  A  tatar  of  Nj^-che,  and 

and  were,  at  that  time,  cmel  one  «»f  the  heft  oi&ers  in  the 

and  baHiat ous.    Gaitkf.  epijure :  great  praife^  is  beftow- 

(£)  He  had  theptle^f  re-  ed  on  the  conduft  of  prince 

{ulo  jof  Tftn-m^ti.    This  is  the  JCoko,  and  thefe  two  |;eneral8. 

Fince  whom  M  PoJo  calfs  J&-  GauiiL 
Zr^ia^  Q.auhiL 

A3  ^^ 

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6  Jenghiz  KhanV  Suceejfors  B.  II. 

Sixth.    Pa'pe'Jt'ft^ ;  and  added,  that  the  honour  of  the  emperor  re- 

Timfir,  squired  that  he  fliould  put  to  death  the  general  Lyeyu-Jheriy  4s 

Ching-  having  deceived  his  prince.     Several  of  that  general's  friends 

"^"g-    represented^  that  he  ought  to  enjoy  the  amnefty :  but  Jla* 

u.'-«v«-ii^^^  made  the  fame  reprefentation  as  the   mandarin  5  and 

Lyew'Jhen  had  his  head'ftruck  off. 
ReheUion  A  LORD  of  the  kingdom  of  Myen  (or  Pegu  J,  having  re- 
in  Pegu,  volted  againft  his  king  (H),  feized  him,  confined  him  in  a 
ftable,  and,  in  May  1360,  flew  him.  The  king's  fecond  foa 
efcaped  to  Ta-t^,  and,  on  his  knees,  afked  afliftance  from  the 
emperor.  Timur,  by  advice  of  his  council;  granted  his  re- 
queft,  as  being  a  tributary  prince  ;  and  Suechawr,  great  ge- 
neral in  Tun-nan,  was  ordered  to  enter  Myen,  and  attack  the 
rebels,  tte  did  fo ;  but  was  worfted,  with  his  lieutenants, 
who  returned  to  Tun-nan,  after  fpreading  a  report,  that^  they 
had  made  all  things  quiet.  However,  the  court  had  intelli- 
gence, that  feveral  great  officers  had  been  corrupted  by  the 
rebel ;  who,  being  tryed  for  the  fame,  were  found  guilty,  and 
put  to  death  :  nor  did  Suechawr  efcape  punifhment  j  for  he 
was  degraded,'  and  his  goods  were  confifcated. 

The  fame  year  died  Pu-hu-cM,  one  of  the  miniflers,  a 
Kangli  by  nation,  and  one  of  *  the  wifeft  men  of  his  time*.  He 
held  the  chief  employments  in  the  empire,  and  yet  died  very 
poor.  His  children  inherited  his  probity,  and  love  for  the 
fciences.  His  wife,  who  had  as  much  virtue  as  her  hufband, 
was  continually  at  work  with  her  hands,  nor  was  afhamed  to 
make  ufe  of  them  to  maintain  her  family. 
Hay-  TIMUR  had  fent  his  nephew  Hayfhan  into  Tartary,  to  learn 

fhanVy«<r.-the  art  of  war  under  the gtntvdX^Tive-chechar  and  Choangtir^ 
cejfes.        This  prince  had  defeated  Hay-tu  in  feveral  engagements  ;  but 
A.  D.      the  latter,  tho'  always  beaten,  was  ftill  in  a  condition  to  make 
'  3°^  •       himfelf  feared  ;  fo  that  the  emperor  was  obliged  to  have  great 
armies  continually  in.  that  country,  commanded  by  princes  of 
his  family,'  and  his  bcfl  generals. '  Hayjhan,  having,  Jn  1301, 
joined  together  the  five  great  bodies  of  troops  which  had 
been  employed  in  different  parts  of  Tartary  ;  in  Augujl  had 
feveral  bloody  battles,  between  Karahrom  and  the  river  7k- 
mir,  with  Hay-tu  and  his  brother  Towa,  whbfe  tropps  were. 
Death  of  for  the  mbft  part,  cut  in  pieoes.    Jii^y-ti,  who,  for  more 
Kay-tu,    than  thirty  years,  had  madewv  on  the  princes  of .  his  family, 
on  pretence  that  they  had  tifurped'the  empire  of  Ogotay,  or 
Oktay,   to'  hk  pi'ejudice,  died  with  vexation.  •  >  His-  brother 
Towa  was,4angeraufly  wounded,-  but  efcaped  with  a  few  fol- 
'  lowers.     Such  *a  continued  run  of  loiles, "  and  bad  fuccefe, 

(H)  Called  in  the  Chine/e  hiikory  Tt'H-pu-'wa'na'na'ti-ti'ya. 

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C6.  InTzniry'MdChinz.    ^  7 

at  length  induced  moft  of  the  princes  who  were  af'tf^^^i^s-  Sixth. 
party  to  acknowlege  Timur  for  the  true  fucceflbr  of  Jenghiz  T'mur,  #1* 

In  January  1302  died  prince  Kanmaia,  the  emperor's  eldcft ,  !^°£* 
brother ;  whofe  excellent  qualities,  joined  to  his  Hdelity  and     T^^ 
courage,  made  him  lamented.   In  March  thc.coUrt  was  under  Kanniala.r 
great  uneafinefs  on  account  of  the  emperor's  illnefs  i  but  he/v.  D. 
recoFCPed  his  health,  and  learned,  with  a  f^nfible  joy,  how  1 303* 
mudi  the  people  had  been  affli<fled  to  hear  he  was  Qd^  He, 
on  his  part,  caufed  great  largeljes  to  be  difb*ibuted»  and  a 
general  pardon  to  be  publifhed.     In  Jpril  he  removed,  as 
nfual,  to  Shang't^ ;  and,  in  May^  an  eclipfe  of  the  fyn  hap- 
pening, which  the  tribunal  had  negle^ed  to  calculate,  the 
mandarins  thereof  were  puniftied,  by  lowering  the  d^ees  of 
fome,  turning  out  others,  and  lefleiDiing  the  falaries  of  the 
reft.     The  eftabli(hing  of  an  imperial  college  at  Ta-t4  gave 
great  fatisfa^Hon^to  the  Chinefe  literati :  but  they  could  notKonfufias 
forbear  expreffing  their  concern,  to  fee  that  a  palace  had  not  honoured. 
been  built  to  honour  the  memory  of  Konfufms.     This  being 
reprefented  to  Tim^r  by  Alaafun^  that  prince,  who  had  a  high 
efteem  for  the  philofopher,  and  underftood  his  do6h:in«,  caufed 
a  magnificent  palace  to  be  ereftcd  for  him,  which J5  ftlU  feea 
at  Pe-king'^. 

JENGHIZ  Khin  brought  with  him  into  Tarfary,  from 
Perjia,  Khorajfan  and  great  Bukhdriuy  a  confiderabk  number 
of  Mohammedan  families,  among  whom  there  were  iiiany  ex- 
cellent officers  ;  and,  ever  after,  the  Mohammedans  were  very 
powerful  at  the  Mungl  court.  There  were,  of  that  religion, 
generals,  and  whole  bodies  of  troops ;  chiefs  of  merchants, 
and  mandarins  in  all  the  tribunals, ,  efpecially  that  of.  the  ma- 
thematics ;  doftors,  and  even  minifters  of  ftate,  of  whom, 
in  Jufyy  U'tU'p^'ting  was  nominated  one,  ^, 

In '1303  Tim^r^  ever  attentive  to  the  good  of  the  empire,  TimfirV 
fent  judicious  perfons  into  all  the  provinces,  to  inforfn  them-  humanity. 
felves  how  things  ftood.  One  of  his  views  was,  to  procure 
an  exaft  account  of  the  mifery  of  the  people  ;.  and  to  ^nd  out 
men  of  merit,  who  were  not  employed,  either  for  want  of 
money,  or  friends  at  court.  The  emperor;  in  regard  to  thfli 
evils  which  had  been  occafioned  by  the  long  wars  with  Hay-^ 
t&  and  T&voay  appointed  generals  to  commend  in  the  terrhjory 
of  ^ua-cheiv  and  Sha-chew  (I).   There  he  ordered,  magaoines 

.  •   '  to 

«  Gavbil,  ubifup.  p.  228,  ^'fcq. . 

(I)  Cities  to- the  north  weft  of  the  weft  end  of  tKe  wiall,  and 
CUna^  between  Kya-ju  fuan,  at    KhaHhu^  6x  Hafm,  in  LUiie  Bui* 

,    A  4       ■  baria. 


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t  Jcn^tAt  Tihin's  Suiceffm  B.  II, 

SixA.    tib^'^skS^  for  the  troopSi  and  lodgments  for  them  in  fevct 

Timur,  iTrral  pSa^^  feetwo^  Kan-tbew^  in  CW«a,  and  Sha-chew.    This 

^^"^g-  monarch  grew  daily  mpre  beloved ;  and  the  Tatar  prince^ 

^^^'    'vrwe  <h$r0ied  with  his  int^rity,  clemency,  and  liberality. 

^ST^    I^INCE  TJnvtf ,  tired  with  fo  long  a  war,  affemblcd  all  the 

trfrv  >S'  ^^^^y  Ws  vaflals,  and  declared  he  was  refolvcd  to  admowl^e 

^^y     7»to^,  whom  he  h^hly  praUM.    CAd^ar,  eldcft  fon  of  Hay. 

fjj,  did  th?  feme.     Th^  other  princes  followed  thek  examr 

pie  ^  an4t  ^^^^  having  caufed  the  emperor  to  be  recognized 

}ft  4h^*  frf^oftive  territories,  fent  deputies  in  their  names, ta 

knplot^  his  pardon,  and  reckon  them  in  the  number  of  his 

{t&j^s.    TrniAr  granted  their  rgqueft,  and,  hy  that  aft,  faw 

iHl  Tartdry  united  to  his  empire ;  a  defign  which  his  grand- 

fadjer  ffi^'pi'-tay  could  never  compafs.     Titn^r,  pn  this  occa- 

ibn,  toitferred  great  honours  qn  th^  prince  Choang^K,  iq 

Jhifyj,     He  g^ve  him,  %vith  his  own  hand,  a  gold  feal,  jewels, 

and  halsits,  in  prefence  of  the  whole  court :  he  praifed  hi^ 

merit,  and  beftowed  on  him  the  principal  pofts  in  the  army. 

]Pat  that  which  redounded  moft  to  this  prince'^  honour,  was 

what  paflU  in   the  aflcmbly;    where  the  princes  leagued 

with  Hay-iA  and  Towa  refdived  to  fubmit.     One  erf  them 

frid,  iiait^  Choangur  bring  appointed  to  govern  Tarteryj  they 

reckoned  they  fhould  be  more  foundly  beaten  than  they  were 

ill  the  thttc  of  Pe-yen  and  Ttl-tA-ha ;  which  refleftion  Was 

One  of  the  chief  motives  that  induced  them  to  a  fubmiffion. 

.  ^  In  Oihbit  this  year  the  Han-lin,  whp  were  appointed  to  exa- 

ft)ifte  the  Ctfinefe  hiftory,  and  write  annals,  pr^fented  the  em-: 

peror  wkh  the  annals  of  Jenchtz  XMn,  Ogotay,  ^tey-yew^ 

ly^y,  and  Merigko  (K). 

lf.eUgkus       The  TvifdH^  or  Mungk^   had,  by  tradition,  their  certain 

fermonies  nfiSfisa^tfrit^  fiw  the  Worftiip  of  Heaven  :  but  they  had  neir 

f^^^       ther  fixed  ceremonies,  places,  nor  times,  few  facrificii^  thereto, 

''^'      Therefore,  !n  1305,  Tim^rkt  ablepcrfons  to  examine  what 

^•^?^'      *hM  been  the  prafifice  an.  that  head,  from  the  foundation  of 

^  €fiftnefs  empire  to  his  own  time.     Alaafwiy  with  fome 

dlhe^s  who  were  Chinefesj  reported  to  the  emperor  the  reliih 

htwiii.    Sha^he*w  is  the  Siuhir  The  work  fpoken  of  is,  accord- 

MiH^iMa^Polo^  according  to  ing  to  Girv^V,  pne  pf  tiH^  belt 

€muii/f  who  obferye*,  that  this  which  the  Chine/e  have  on  thq 

city  and  ^c^-^y^roi/ have alw^$  fabjeft  of   their  hiftory;  and 

^d  Cbine/e  garifons  to  cpver  the  therefore,  in  great  efteem.  "He 

weftcrn  fronrier5.  has  fpoken  pf  it  at  large  in  a 

(K)  Thefe    are  tlve   thm^  diiTertatida  on  the  antient  hif- 

f  ^mes  for  J(n^i%  i^^4^,  Oi-  ^oiy  of  the  Qhine^s. 


t^ji  taajftfij'Tilij,  rand  ^h^-o* 


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C.  jl  in  Tarliry  and  ChineL  9 

of  their  icfistii^es^  and  iettled  the  ocreniDmes  vfiieh  ^iteft  Stn^uhk 
iheooeforth  to  be  obfiwwed  to  ^the  wc»fl^x>f  MotveA.    The  Haji&ali, 
habryfpesiks  thfcyeat  6f  preck^  ltenwi:alted-15>»tt''»,:&id  ''O^' 
|by  the^roftemww^thimtsi^r  fixty  .  ^"^^ 

TiMUK  hal  c^c  fon  ca&d  y^^/Steu;,  Md  one  aaughttr 'by  ^ j^^(^ 
Pe-yeu^  die  ^ioc^  cfiftngJtHa.  f^-Jbew  ^wks  appomted  heir ;  ^;^^^ 
hiK  died ii^diocit  d»idren during ^the  QfeOf  his  fatfaa- ;  who 
£ed  t4<ki^^'^  fkiwofy  1 307^  in  hb  fofty^fecond  year,  \rith- 
oat  dtber  teafWsg  il&e,  ^r  iisamfaig  a  fiK^eflbr. 

Tff  IS  pr Uwe  piflW,  fn  Ae  jni^osent  c^  the  Chinefssy  for  a  ^,v  ci&if* 
pifeft^Q^^etor.  The  wife  coado A  wfaidi  heobfaved  in  t^raaer^ 
war  againft  Hay-tu  and  i\^^^fi ;  the  judicious  choice  whitth 
lie  nsade  ^  ^^erak  and  ndniftars ;  tlfe  conftant  anrlon 
trbidi  te  AsiiflBd  for  thip'rites  whidi  n^  but  rob  often  tn 
die  cCMAxa  Df  fNrinces ;  ^Md  die^disMrdinary  cute  «phkh  h<^ 
ftN:Acto  «cwfolt  the  people ;  j^ve  a  fa%h  idea  ^  this  pitec^ 
liblfilks  1^  ^mim&RU    Ae  %as  fiith  kliln  of  T^/^ry^  «h4 

f^  ^f If  ^/H*y  Ihan,  <aM^  the  Chincfes  V^t&ng,' 

WHEN  the  Ox^ror  rmir4iei,  a^^fian,  ^ieHfoaeSSitffnfi 
Talamapdia  (A)f  tte  &0  pf  Cheng-lm,  the  ion  (^  M-  ^^^^n 
>j-iiy,  W4S  )iei|ieni»^"^iei^  uiTirtory,  and  at  theheeid  of  H*y^*"^ 
4  ^icat  nmy  to  the  i^ith  of  K^ahrm.    This  prin^  "fm 
^Seeokei  by  tnoft  of  tbf  princesof  his  Wiif,  whom  be  had 
bmk  m  Tart^ny,  «9d  had  gained  repittatibQ  in  the  war  vith 
Say-tA.    {fe  bad  )itewife.a  coniid^hk  intereft  among  the 
grandees,  nianjr  9f  v^^bom  eKpreflcd  ft  define  to  fee  him  em- 
peror \  wi]^  900^  iee»ed  tc^  think  of  feftic^  any  of  the  fons 
of  Ki^m^y  aldeft  fon  of  Cheng^Un^  on  the  throne.    Mean 
time  the  emptife  Pe^ya-A,  widow  of  TtmAty  having  conceived 
^  hatred  dj^inil  a  princes  oi  her  own  hopfe»  the  wife  of    ^ 
TaJqntapala^    C^vtf^i  her  to  he  banUhed  to  Whay-chrw,   at 
^^mt  Whaynkin  H,  In  Honan^  ^th  h^r  fon  Jyyulipali^ata  j 

"4  GAir^BiL .  obi  fop.  p.  :;30. 

(L)  That  is,  three  millton;  of  it  in  onr  power  to  give  them  in 

livres,  or  about  150,000/.  fttrl.  their  true  orthography;    iince 

(A)  Tbefe,  and  other  names,  neither  our  author  Guubil  ha^ 

Ap'  TiUnriitfi,  yat  betog  tran.  done  it,  nor  have  we  any  ac- 

fcrJbcd  fhwn  the  Qhiniffe  ahara-  count  of  them,  except  a  few, 

fters,  differ  more  or  Icisfrom  in  our  cxtra6U  from  the  orien- 

the  true  prcRTMinciatioa:  s»r  ia  lai  writers;. 

and, 


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ip  Jcnghlz  Khzn's  Succ^ors  B.  IL 

Seventh,  and,  fearing  the  refentment  of  Hayjhan  (who  w^  aKb  her 
Hayftian,  fon,  and  fecredy  enraged  at  her  treatment),  in  cafe  he  became 
^V**"    emperor,  fent  for  the  minifler  J-^l^tay^  prince  Mingli  Te- 
i    ^^  ,m«r,  ^th  feveral  other  princes  and  gramlees  of  hfer  court 
'"^        To  them  (he  propofed  the  prince  Honantay  ddeft  fon  erf" 
Mdngkola,  third  fon  of  Hu-pi-Iay^  who  then  governed  the 
provinces  of  Shen-Jiy  Se-ckmen^  and  Tthhet^  as  his  father  had 
done  before ;  and  ufually  rcfided  at  Si-gan  F^,  capital  of  the 
iirfl  of  thofe  provinces.     Honanta^  who  readily  embraced  the. 
offer  of  the  emprpfs,  came  by  poft  to  Ta-H ;  -wlijle  the  par- 
ties above-mentioned  took  meafures  >o  hinder  Hayjhan's  re- 

Honanta      The  firft  thing  they,  did,  Was  to  gojjjhe  palace,  and  in-. 

his  compe-xxesx  the  emprefs  to  pull  down  the  curtain  (B),  in  order  to 

titor,  pve  audiences,  and  govern  the  fldte,  till  Honanta  was  in- 
flailed.  After  thi§,  yj^-ri-^^zj^  aflembled .  the  grander  at  the 
palace  of  the  anceftors ;  and,  under  pretence  of  confulting 
about  the  fucceffion,  they  began  by  force  to  perform  the  ^ce- 
remonies which  are  ufually  obferved  after  the  recognition  of  a 
new  emperor.  Two  great  mandarins^  oppofed  this  attempt ; 
and  infifted,  that  they  ought  firft  to  fee  the  name  of  the  new 
emperor.  Ho-whey,  one  of  the  prime  mandarins,  declared 
the  fame  thing.  Hereupon  A-'H-tay  fell  in  a  paflion,  and 
threatened  with  death  the  oppofing  lords  :  but,  as  they  ftood 
firm  to  their  principles,  the  aflembly  diflbhred. 

/laafonV      On  the  other  fide,  Alaafun^  as  prime 'minifler,  feiring  the. 

tolicj.  fcals  of  the  tribunals,  caufed  the  treafury  to  be  fhut  up  ; 
likewife  the  chambers  where  were  kept  the  robes,  and  jewels 
of  the  crown.  Then,  in  concert  with  the  officer  of  the  inner 
guard  of  the  palace,  fuffered  no-body  to  enter.  At  the 
lame  time  he  feigned  himfelf  fick;  andj  in  fpite  of  the  re- 
peated orders  and  threats  of  the  emprefs,  remained  firm; 
fending  underhand  fome  trufty  lords  to  Hayjhan  and  Jyyuli" 
falipata,  to  haften  to  the  court.  This  latter,  haying  received 
the  exprefs  in  February,  wais  at  a  lofs  what  courfe  to  take. 
Hereupon  Li-mcng  his  mailer  quoted  him  the  law  of  Shi-tfi 
(C),  which  e^^cluded  baflards  from  the  fucceffion  ;.  and  repre- 

(6)  This  is  in  allufion  to  an  the  children  of  other  ladies  than 

anticnt  cuftom  obferved  by  the  the  iirft  emprefs,  or  thofe  born 

C^z»^  princefles,  who.govemed  of  his  other  wives;  excepting 

during  the    minority    of    the  thofe  five  who  had  the  title  of 

princes  their  fons.    GauhiL  emprefles  ;   but  \t,  is  clear,  that 

(C)  The  Chinefe  tide  for  ^».  Honanta^  who  was  the  cldcft  fon 

pi-lay.      But    it  is   diiBcalt  to  oi  Mangkola^^Uu-pp-lay't  third 

know  with  certainty  whether  fon,  was  looked  on  as  illeg^ti* 

the  law  of  Hu-pi-lay  excluded  mate.    GaubUj  p.  238. 

3  '    fcnted 


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C.  7.  In  Tartary  and  Chma.  1 1 

fented  to  him,  that,   as  his  brother  Hayjban  was  above  a  Se^intb. 
thoufand  leagues  from  the  capital,  he  ought  to  fet  out  with  Haylhan, 
the  princefe  his  mother  for  Ta't4.     U-meng,  who  was  but  or  Vft- 
little  known  at  the  court,  went  before;  and,  counterfeiting^  tfong. 
the  phyfician,  as  fuch,  was  brought  into  the  chamber  of  j^la-^-^^ 
afutt.     A  lord,  fent  by  the  emprefs  to  know  how  the  mini-    'g^g^^ 
fter  did,  was  with  him  when  Li-meng  entered  ;  yet,  nobody  fi,.aja£em. 
fufpefting  him  to  be  other  than  a  phyfician,  he  had  opportu- 
nity enough  to  deliver  what  he  had  to  fay  on  the  plrt  of  y/y- 
yulipalipata.     After  this,  he  took  poft-horfes ;  and,  while  j4la^ 
afun  prepared  every  thing  neceflary  for  the  reception  of  that 
prince,  Li-meng  travelled  day  and  night ;  fo  that  the  emprefs 
was  much  furprifed,  when  foon  after  fhe  was  informed,  that 
Ayyidipalipatay  and  his  mother,   were  arrived  in  the  city. 
They  made  their  entrance  into  the  palace  early  in  the  morning, 
followed  on  horfeback  by  their  retinue  in  deep  mourning  ;  and 
were  introduced,  by  the  officers  of  the  guards,  into  their  old 
apartment  *. 

The  partifans  of  Honanta  agreed  to  declare  him  emperor  Pallpata 
on  the  third  of  March ;  and  chdTe  that  day,  under  pretence  cf  arrives. 
celebrating  the  birth  of  AyyuVipalipata.     Alaafun  promifed 
Honanta  to  aflifl  at  the  ceremony ;  and,  the  fame  night,  gave 
Ayyulipalipata  notice ;  acquainting  him,  that  it  was  neceflary 
to  prevent  the  authors  of  the  plot,  without  waiting  for  the 
arrival  of  Hayjban.     Prince  Ftilay  who  was  great  captain,  un- 
dertook forthwith  to  condu6t  an  army  ;  and,  two  days  before, 
entered  Ta-tti  at  the  head  of  a  confiderable  body  of  troops, 
without  declaring  on  wiiat  defign:  but  the  emprefs  could 
cafily  perceive,  that  the  prince  would  never  fufFer  Honanta  to 
be  proclaimed  emperor,  and,  from  that  time,  was  in  very  great 
fear.     Ayytdtpalipatay  feeing  himfelf  flrengthened  by  an  army 
at  his  devotion,  caufed  a  report  to  be  fpread,  that  Hayjban 
had  fent  a  conmiifBoner  to  inquire  into  what  had  pafled  with 
refpeft  to  Honanta,    Then  prince  Mengti  Ternary  bdng  feized,  Tht  con* 
was  carried  in  chains  to  Sbang-t^.     A-u-tay,  and  the  other fpirators 
mandarins  his  accomplices,  were  condemned  to  death  ;  hutfiized. 
execution  was  flayed  till  the  arrival  of  Hayjban.  Guards  like- 
wife  were  placed  at  the  gates  of  both  the  palace  and  city ; 
fo  that  the  emprefs,  and  prince  Honanta,  faw  themfelves  quite 
difabled  from  proceeding  in  their  defign  ;  and,  as  it  were,  pri- 
foners  in  their  own  palace. 

Mean  time  the  princes  of  Ayyutipalipata'%  party  propofedLi- 
to  him  to  aflTume  the  empire:  but  he  refufed  ;  and  declared  meng*/ 
plainly,  that  the  crown  ijelonged  to  his  elder  brother.    lA^mod^y. 

*  GAUBit,  abi  fopra,  p.  23 j,  &  feqq. 

added^ 

*  Digitize^  by  VjiU\.7VlV^ 


I  a  Jcnj^lQun'j  Suceeffirs  KIL 

Se<venth:  added,  that  the  |«rofecutiojeis  Jie  Jiad  (et  s>n  foot  were  tin  fa- 
Hayflian,  vour  of  Hayjban^  and  to  punifti  thofe  who  bad  the  audacity 
to  attempt  to  violate  ^e  rules  of  the  fucceiDon.  U-mcng 
was  nominated  for  one  rf  die  chief  employnieats,  and  to  hav^ 
had  a  general  infpeftion  oyer  all ;  but  he  -declined  the  fame. 
He  had  never. feen  Hayjban ;  and,  as  foon  as  he  heard  that 
prince  was  on  the  road,  he  difappcared ;  nor  was  the  place  of 
his  retreat  known,  the  love  ot  ftudy  and  retirement  havic^ 
induced  him  to  conceal  it. 
HaylhanV  As  foon  as  Hayjban  received  advice  of  his  uncle  Timir^s 
re/olution,  death,  he  repaired  from  the  mountain  Jntc^y^  or  Jttay,  to 
Karakorom ;  where  he  aflembled  as  many  princes  and  great 
men  as  he  p6ffibly  could,  in  order  to  deliberate  what  he  had 
to  do.  The  troops,  who  loved  him,  were  defirous  that  he 
ihould  be  acknowl^ged  emperor  in  that  antient  capital;  but 
Hayjban  would  not  agree  to  it.  He  received  an  exprefe  from 
the  princefs  his  mother,  by  which  he  found,  that  ibe  was  in- 
clined to  have  Ayyulipalipata  elefted  ;  induced  thereto  by  the 
words  of  an  aflxologer,  who  had  promifed  theempire  to  that 
prince,  at  his  departure  from  Whay^hew.  On  this  advice, 
Hayjban  fent  for  TotOy  who  had  brought  him  the  news  of 
Timur's  death,  and  told  him  :  "  That,  as  he  was  older  than 
"  JyyuKpalipatay  the  fpeech  of  an  aftrok^er  ought  not  to 
'  #  "  difturb  th^  order  of  the  fucceflion :  that  he  knew  how  to 

*'  punifli  thc^e  who  had  infttfed  fuch  fentiments  into  his  mo- 
**  ther;  and  that  he  was  refolved  to  fet  out  for  Shang'tu, 
"  there  to  take  poffeffion  of  the  throne  of  JengMz  KhAfi:^ 
Having  fpoken  thus,  he  ordered  Toto  to  go  before,  to  acquaint 
liis  mother,  brother,  and  Alaafun^  with  the  other  princes 
and  faithful  lords,  with  his  refolution. 
Vlarcha  HATS  HAN  d^olt  30,000  foldiers  out  of  the  army  at 
tvwarRs  Karakorom^  appointing  the  prince  Ganvthey  and  Choang4r  to 
Ta-tu.  command  them.  Then,  putting  himfelf  at  their  head,  made 
them  march  in  three  bodies,  and  at  an  eafy.rate,  to  avoid 
fatiguing  them.  The  princefs,  Hayjhan\  mother,  charmed 
to  hear  from  T<ito  the  true  intentions  of  her  fon,  fent  that 
lord  back ;  requelUng  him  to  fpeak  in  her  behalf  xq  Hayjban, 
and  efpecially  to  explain  to  him  fully  in  what  fenfe  ihe  ieemed 
to  wifh  to  fee  Ayyulipalipata  <xi  the  throne.  Mean  time  this 
Jatter  prince  camfed  his  brother^s  approach  to  be  pubiifhed  ia 
Ta-tu ;  and,  after  he  had  provided  tor  the  (ecurity  of  that  dty, 
•  fet  out  with  the  "guards,  .accompapied  by  fcyeral  princes  and 
grandees,  for  Sbuag^i^  to  prepare  every  thing  for  the  recep- 
49a  of  Hayjban  \ 

^  G4uix;.,ubifm>.  P^:?535f  ^J^^ 

Tnis 


J 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


C  7  J^  >  T^mry  asd  China.  xy 

Th^  piiacea^edted  with impatiencs  the retcim  of  To^d;  Snninh. 
cnd»  fisdng  him  at  a  cUftinc6»  rde  up  ia  lus  chariot,  aad  Qr-Ha|n(haa»« 
dered  iuik  to  come  aad  fit  by  him.     Toto  was  accompanied  ^  V&* 
by  his  bredwr  J/k^dwia,  fent  by  the  princds.    Ha^Jbam   ^^Z- 
waa  never  tired  with  liearing  7b/o  rektc  what  his  mother  aml^— "^7^ 
brother  bad  faid  to  him.    He  i^pointed  Afbafthjifha  tojat  one^||^^^  ' 
of  his  minifters ;    and,  being  near  Sbang-td,  drew^p  hk^'"^^^* 
troops.     He  entered  that  dty  in  Maj^^  attended  by  liis  gene* 
nis,  amt  was  condis&ed  m  die  pala<^  by  the  imperial  guard, 
throog^  the  aodamations  of  the  people.    As  fooa  as  he  faw 
his  brother,  he  advanced  to  embrace  him,  both  fhfddiog 
MHTS^;  ttemked  lum  for  liis^  aeal,   and  pasaifed  hb  manager 
nsma.    After  this,  the  two  priixies  went  to  pay  their  duty  to 
lite  prinoefs.  dieir  mother,  who  reclamed  this  the  moft  ^o-^ 
xiomrday  of  her  life.    H^yflxm  was  then  acknowleged  empe-* 
lor  t^di  much  pomp.   He  declared' his  mother  emprefs ;  and 
pf9e  to  hiis  fedier  the  title  of  eu^eror :  He  likewifeappdnted 
1^  brother  heredits^  prince  :  which  ceremonies  being  ovsr^ 
die  court  fct  out  fiar  Td^t^ 

W»teM  riiey  were  anriTod there,  Hayjban^  attended  \xfHMliouourt 
ptinees^of  Ms  hotife,  went  to  the  palace  of  his  anceftors^  xo^isanct' 
h^ioor  the  memory  of  Tay-tfu  or  Jtt^Hx  Khhiy  O^ayJ^^^* 
^wy-yi^,  MmgkQ,  Tpkyj  Shi^t/Aot  HA^i4ay^  7tm4r,  Cheng* 
kin,  and  TaJamapala,  who,  by  the  advice  of  Ho-ni^hey  and 
Maafim,  were  ranged  in  the  foUawing  order.    The  tablet 
of  Jenght%  KMn  being  placed  in  the  middle,  on  the.  eaft 
were,    i-.  Taiamapala;    2.  Imitr :  to  the  weft,  i.  Tpby^  ^ 

1.  Hi^pi-lay  y  3.  Cheng^kin.  Taley  and  Cheng-hin  had,  be* 
fides,  p»tlcukr  palates,  where  they  were  honoured.  The' 
abo^  arrangement  was  ^ade  apart  from  the  taUets  of  the 
emperors  Ogofay,  ^ey^yew,  and  Mengko,  Hereupon  the 
hiftory  blames  thofe  two  mandarins^for  committing  two  eflen* 
tial  faults,  contrary  to  the  Chinefe  ceremony;  in  which  thqr 
Were  thoroughly  verfed :  firft,  to  build  palaces,  to  hohbor 
Aofe  princes  as  emperors,  who  had  not  been  emperors^:  ' 

fecondly,  to  place  princes,  who  had  not  been  emperors,  above 
thofe  who  had  been.  Thofe  princes,  tbo*  brothers  or  fatfaets 
of  emperors,  were  no  more  than  fubjefts,  and  therefore  were 
inntled  only  to  the  honours  due  to  fubjefls^ 

After  this  ceremony  of  refpeft  paid  to  his  anceftors  wasG?«^/rtf- 
tover,  Hayfban  ordered  the  fentcnce  of  death,  obtained  }y^  tors  put  u 
jfyyuHfyaRpata  againft  the  mandarins  pf  fftmanta'^  party,  to^^'^' 
be  carried  into  execution  :.  he  likewife  put  to  death  the  em- 
prefs Pe-ya-^,  and  prince  Honanta,  as  well  as  the  minifter 
A-H'tay,     In  July  he  canfed  to  be  diftributed  through  the 
empire  the  Mungl  tranflation  of  the  book  written  \yjKonfu- 

Digitized  by  VjVjOyiC 


14  ]enQhiz>Khki*s  Suecefori.  R.  IL 

Siventk  Jias,  indtulcd,  Hy ducking;  with  an  exhortatkm to  the Tii/ar 
Hayflian,  princeg  and  grandees  to  read  that  Ixkik,  and  conform  to  the 
doftrine  contained  in  it.  .  Afterwards,  alluding  to  the  paios- 
that  phUofopher  hajd  taken  to  put  thexlaiBcal  books  in  (Mrder, 
.he  iays :  ^*  That,  but  for  Konfufi^s,  they  would  have  known 
**  notlmig  of  the  anti^tiages;  nor  would  the  fages  of  the 
*/•  times  pofferior  to  thofe  of  A(?«/ij^vir  have  had  examples 
^*  of  the  antient  and  true  virtue  ta  imitate/' 
HaylhanV/  The  year  1308  is  reckoned  the  firft.  of  the  empei^or  ^oy-: 
cbara^er.Jbany  whom  xht  Chinefs  intitle  Vu^tfmg,  He  was  warlike, 
equitable,  generous^  mild,  and  a  patron  of  learned. men « 
but  he  had  three. £u]lts;.  was  too  much  attached  to. the  la* 
tnas,  loved  wine,  and  was  fond  •  of  women.  In  Janttary: 
^Jbap^ivhaj  a  fiithful  minifter,  fell  ot  his  kn^s,  and,  with: 
tears  in  his  eyes,  conjured  him  "to.  take  care  of  his.bealth, 
f*  which  was  fo  dear  tb'the.emirire;  afluringfeim,  that  wiact 
*f  and  women  would  foon  put  an  end  to  his  life."  As-  the 
emperor  loved  J/bapmuha^  he  did  not  take  that  le£lure  ill^ 
and  would  have  him  di'ink  in  hi3..prei!snce  a  glais  of  good 
wine  A  few  days  after,'  thegreat  n^andarins  c^mes  in  a  body, 
to  fdidtate  his  jnajefty  on  having  a  futjjeft  fo  fincere  as  j0ian 
fiwha.  To  this  latter,  who  was  brotJier*=  of  7V^,.a^dgrai][d- 
fon  of  the  kmg  of  Kangli^,  Hayjhant^w^  the  title -of  count 

of  Kang.  

Jnfolenceof  .  LLP  I^  one  of  the  great  mandarins,  of  Shang-t^j,  intend- 
kmas.  ing>  to  punifh  a  lama,  who  had  abufed  fome  of  the  common-i 
alty. ;  that  lama,  and  feveral  others,  .armed  with  fticks,  entered 
his  tribunal,  beat  and  confined  him  in  a  little  room  :  yet»  09 
complaining,  he  had  no  redrefs.  At  the  iame  time  another 
kma  had  the  impudence  to  ftc^  the  chariot  of  a  princefs  oq 
-the  road,  and  get  before  her.;  and,  when  her  attendants 
attempted  to  feize  him,  he  beat  the  princefs,  and  then  went 
pn.  Neither  cpold  this  great  perionage  obtain  any  fatif- 
faction  from  the  emperor :  on  the  conjtrary,  an  imperial 
order  was  publifhed,  importing,  that  the  hand  ftiould  be  cut 
off  which  ilruck  a  lama  j  arid  the  tongue  of  him  who  abufed 
any  of  them :  but  the  prince  appointed  heir  revoked  that 
order.  The  hiftorians  fpeak  with  great  vehemence  againft 
thefe  a£ls  of  injuftice  ;  and  add,  "  that  the  lamas  ruined  the 
"  empire  of  th^  Twen :  that  the  dynafty  of  the  weftern  Han  was 
"  deftroye^  by  the  relations  of  die  queens ;  that  of  the  eaftr 
**  em  Han  by  the  eunuchs ;  diat  of  the  Tang  by  the  great  man- 
**  darins  ;  and  that  of  the  Song  by  bad  fubjefts.' 

,«  GAubil,  ubi  fup.  p.  238^  8c  feqq.  '  See  before, 

the  years  1257  and  1258. 

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C.  7.  In  Tartary  and  China.   '  15 

The  Mungl  emperors  laid  out  a  great  deal  of  money  ia  Si'ventb. 
rare  birds,  jewels,  pearls,  precious  ftooes,  and  rarities  of  all  Hayflum, 
kinds.     As  they  had  giv^  commiffions  to  the  fordgn  mer-  ^^^* 
chants  of  the  weft  to  fearch  for  fuch  things  in  the  proraices, ,  "^"g*  ^ 
the  fea-ports,  and  dfcwheref  thofe  ihangers  travelled  overV,    r^ 
the  country  with  a  mark  at  their  girdles.  (D),  to.ihew  ^^^jx^^^ 
they  belonged  to  the  emperor ;  and,  in  that  quality,  todfc  ^ 
poft-horfes  where-ever  they  came,  undef  pretence  of  feardir 
ing  for  curiofitics  for  the  court :  but,  in  Nevember^  there  ap* 
peared    an  ed^,  forbidding  thencefdrward   to  fumifh  the 
weAem   merchants  with  poft-hodes.     In  the  fame  month, 
Chapary  eldeft  fon  of  HaytUy  the  eldcfl:fon  of  TatA  .(E)^ 
and  others,  came  In  peribn  to  the  court,, to, acknowkge  Hay^ 
Jban  for  thdr  ibvereign.    At  the  end- of  the  year  Aladfim 
died  at  Karakorom  in  Tariary^  where  hd  had  been  reiporcd 
on  the  following  occafion :     j    > 

A'V'TATy  the  minifter  before-mentioned,  who  was  for  iii-  Alaafaa 
(laliing  Honantay  being  a  perfon  of  fo  great  ftretigth,'  ^iMki^fffracii* 
DO-body  durft  attempt  to  feize  him^  it/vyas  feared  he  would 
have  efcaped.  Upon  this,  prince  Tilt^  dcfcended  from  Ogp^ 
tay^  by  MyeK,  undertook  the  tafk  j  .took  him  with  .a<.grc8t 
d^  of  refolution,  and  bound  hitn.  In  cpnfideration  o^.dns 
f»ece  of  fervioe,  Hsyjban  conferred  oii  Inni  the  title  of  ret 
gulo  of  the  country  of  Ywe,  AlaafUfiy  otL  thisi  occaiioii,  re* 
prefented,  thatitwasagaihft  the  rules  of  the  imperial' faiftily 
to  ^ve  that  title  to  alprioce  (^  fo  remote  a  branch  as  TAla^ 
was.  Tida^  in  revenge,  ^x.\&A.Ak^n\  and  (hewed  his 
name  among  thofe  who  were  to  ha^ve  inftaJled  HorUsMa.  I'he 
emperor  knew  the  charge  to  be  falfe  ;  yet,  feeming  to  be  angry 
with  Alaafufij  reduced  his  tides  fome  ifcgrees  :  but  apprinted 
him  govemor-gendral  and  prime  minifter  at  Karakorom^  whidh 
was  one  <rf  the  firft  pofts  in  the  empire. 

ALAASUNrtpiircd  to  that  anti^rit  capital  of  Tartary^Death and 
and  it  was  there  that  he  difplayed  his  talents  in  their  fullC^^^^^r. 
light.  He  b^n  by  putting  to  death  a  Tartar  lord,  the  head 
of  a  gang  of  robbers  who  defh-oyed  the  country:  he  be- 
flowed  large  ^fis  on  the  poor  officers  and  foldiers  :  took  a 
great  number  bf  oxen,,  cows,  fheep,  and  horfes ;  giving,  in 
"exchange,  fdks,  linen,  rice,  and  tea :  he  fentior  flolful,  fifh- 
•crmen,  plowmen,  labourers,  and  peafants,  from  China  5  taught 
the  Tatars y  who  dwelt  along  the-  lakes  and  rivers,  to  fifh ; 
caufed  canals  to  be  dug  for  waterii^  the  lands,  and  rendering 

(D)    Perhaps  they  wore   a    fometimes  allowed  to  the  ^on- 
yellow  girdle,  or  fajh,  which  is    peror's  envoys, 
-      (E),  Perhaps  it  fliould  be  Toua. 

^ther  J 

Digitized  by 'LjOOQIC 


»6  Jcnghto  KiAn's  Sm^^s  $.  th 

S^sHJtettfA  tHcRtfitforcttkttrc;  likawifc  cora  and  ricei  to  be  fowa  5  and 

tikhlidiai  public  granaries,  poft8>  and  carnages.     In  the  dif« 

tancc  ^^T  twcnty^five  or  tSi^ty  league  tbcre  were  ten  poft-^ 

boufes^  where  one  met  wkh  vi&uals  and  dxitik,  vpimre^  and 

gaacds*    InxvtoDd^  the  emperor  was  agrcae^bly  Airpri^sdtQ 

uad^rftaisd,  that  the  department  of  Karahrdm  was  m  a  conr 

dltton  to.^mifli  fnbfiftfsnce  to  <jie  armjr,  aod  fill  magazines* 

Alaa^  was  of  tfa^  hord  of  Waiam  (ov  Mam^  Al(m)y  who^ 

MAte^  PtikrCijSf  Were  Chriftians.     Uki/HU  ^^  gfleat  grand* 

fetker,  was  an  kitimate  friend  of  Jfeug^z  Kbin^  and  h^ 

fo^his;  la&  Qpon  ai certain  occafipa:  they  two  lovod.  each 

oth^r  arif  diey^  had  been  brothers. 

TiT/w  mo'       Ik  fmmay  1309  psince  Tiia  was  gltttt]^  «f  'WWU  of  re-' 

^-  fpoft  tio  the  emperor :  ho  was  brutifby  as/fi^  aa  addtded:  tc^ 

A.  D.       ^ijg  J  and;  as  «rfr  badcoilfequcnces  werfe  to  be  f^redfirojn 

*309-       his  outrageous  temper,  he  was  put  to  death.   Hayfimi^  dbc»^^ 

this  thiie>  examUkcd  inta  the  Hate  of  tit»  finances;  and  or-* 

detedr  Icafliesi  or  o^ppeit  denial  tQ  be  caft.    New  tidtetb 

tufn^lilocuiftr  iffiied,  e&cb  bearii^  ttie  nhte  of  an  oOib^  <^ 

fil^,    irte  kadie^  were  of  tlree  ibrU:  each  of  the  fij-fk 

fevrwas  worth  one  K  (F)  ^  one  of  tbc  fecond  kind  conmined^ 

wiifci»a.fiidi  nteier,  ten.of  tike  fiifi  %  and  each  of  th^thnxl 

fort  wasL  worth  fevel^  kifliesy  curceat  vxAsx,  the.djynaAiesof 

the  TmguASang  (O). 

dfht  \»  Mruary  «  coafpiracy  ^vas  difisoveced,  at  riie  hestd  of 

^^co^vfr^VLwhiciv  was  Ar<rf(7^  fon  (^  the  ttdfom  M^pi^M^  and  the  fon 

ofi  prince  Tilitv    Twenty-four  hmas;  who  were,  in  the  ploe^ 

vktc  puettied  ^hh  d^tb,  and  the  two  princes  baoiffaed*   Is 

J^W^  the  lands  of  ch^  bonzas  of  the  kfb  of  ib  and  Tcm, 

w4mc}i  hftd  been  eK^H^t  frotn^  pajkig  tribute,  were  dectered 

iheneeibrward  liable  to^  the  tax,  as  well  a^  thofe  of  othei' 

people.     In  November  the  dilute,  which  had  ariien  in  thd 

rei^  d  TMtt^  touchfaig  an  article  in  the  worfhip  o£  Hea- 

'  ven  on  the  days  of  the  two  folAices,  was  at  length  decided. 

Vnjujl  ex*     One  of  the  great  mandarins,  of  Ta-rt  w?s  a  foreigner^ 

€cution.     named  ^Jl^^  whd  was  much  bred  by  the^pjaople,  aad 

efleemed  1^  the  icddiefs  :  but  being  accnfed,  by  ibme  of  his 

enemies^  of  a  defign  to.  revolt,,  was  beheaded,  with  his  bro-* 

tiier,   and  ieventeen  other  p^ons.     The'  people  cried  out 

T^mAy  That  Arfl&n  was  innocent ;  and,  in^  efie(^,  his  iono- 

cetkeitppeared,  when  it  was  ^o  late.    On  this  occafidti  the- 

hiAory  folaines  Hayfian  much,  for  hating,  on  fnch  Ikmdoi' 

(F)  Ten  li  make  a  fen ;  ten  kalhes  of  all  thefe  kiads,  which 

ft?h  one  tfyen;  and  ten  tfyen  are  prcferved  by  the  carious. 

one  ounce.     Gdubil,  Gaubil* 

ffi)  There  arc  Hill  extant 


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C.  8.  In  Tartary  and  China.  1 7 

grounds,  pat  to  death  a  foreign  nobleman,  invefted  ^th  a  Siventh. 
great  employment,  and  in  reputation  for  his  virtue.  Haylhan, 

In  January  1311,  the  emperor  Hayjban  died,  at  the  age  ^^^' 
of  thirty-one.     He  had  no  children  by  the  emprefe  Chenko^  ^  ttong.  ^ 
princefe  of  Hong-kila ;  but  he  had  two  by  two  of  his  q°^^>  hTTXTT'^ 
who  were  both  afterwards  emperors :   the  eldeft  was  nzmtij^J 
HofhUa,  the  other  TdtemUr  «.     He  was  the  feventh  khin  of^ 
the  Mungls,  and  third  of  the  Chinefc  dynafty  of  the  T^en. 

q  H  A  p.  vni. 

fbe  reign  of  Ayyuli-palipata,  ^/&i  by  the  Chinefc 
Jin-tfong. 

AS  foon  as  Hayjban  was  dead,  his  brother  Jyyuli'fialipata,  Eighth. 
*"-  who  had  been  early  declared  the  hereditary  prince,  was    Khan 
acknowleged  emperor,  and  ftiled  by  the  Chinefe  Jin-tfong.   Se-  Ayjroli- 
veral  minifters,  during  the  reign  ot  his  predeceflbr,  had  abufed  P*bpatt. 
their  power,  and  taken  advantage  of  that  prince's  inclination     ^^"^'^ 
to  pleafure,  in  order  to  inrich  themfelves,  and  committed  a 
thoufand  afts  of  injuftice,  which  the  emperor  knew  nothing 
of:  the  new  monarch  began  his  reign,  by  making  examples  of 
thefe  bad  minifters ;   he  put  fome  to  death,    and  banifhed 
others,  not  fparing  even  the  princes  of  the  blood.    Orders  had 
been  given  to  new-cafe  the  ancient  walls  of  Ten-king  (A),  and  in- 
large  it ;  but,  as  this  work  had  been  very  inconvenient  to  the 
inhabitants,  Ayyuli-^alipata  caufed  what  had  been  already  built 
to  be  demoliflied,  and  fatisfaftion  made  to  thofe  who  had  been 
fofferers.    After  this,  he  chofe  mandarins,  remarkable  for  their 
integrity,  to  aft  at  the  head  of  affairs. 

In  January  13 12,  the  emperor  gave  orders  concerning  theSeveral 
tribunal  of  hiftori^ns  of  the  empire;  and  had  always  a  great ''f^*^- 
inclination  for  the  fludy  of  hiflory.     In  February  the  famous''*^' 
(B)  ftones  on  which  Sven-vang  (C),  emperor  of  the  Ch^  race,  had 
caufed  many  Chinefe  charafters  to  be  cut,  were,  by  his  com* 
mand,  depofited  in  the  imperial  college  at  Tatit.     The  depart- 
ment which  depended  on  Si-gan  F^,  called  that  of  Gan-fi^  was 
thenceforth  ordered  to  be  named  the  department  ot  Tong" 

^  Gavbil,  obi  fupra,  p.  240,  Sc  feq. 

(A)  Now  Pe-kinz*   or  vtry    or  ten  of  them  ftill  fcen  in  thi 
near  it.    Sec  \^.  IV.  lib,  ii.    college   at  Peking*    The  dia- . 
c.  g.  fed.  I .  meter  is  one  f$»ot,  and  the  height 

(B)  They  are  aHltii  She-ku,    three.     GauhiL 

that  is,  ftme  drums ^  on  account .     ;  (C)  Or  $*uien  'uang.  He  lived 
of  their  figare.     There  are  nine    before  the  ChriUlan  asra. 
Mod.  Hist.  Vol.  V.  B  y-wen 


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1 8  Jcngbiz  Khan'j  SucaJ[ors  B.  IL 

Eighth,  ywen  (D),  apd  Ho-Un  (or  Karakorom),  was  called  Horning.  As 
Ayyoli-  the  emperors  have  often  caufed  the  tablets  of  learned  men  to 
p«}ipata,  be  placed  in  the  temple  of  KonfufiuSy  to  honour  their  memories 
^P^'  atftated  times,  ^yyuti-palipata  commanded,  that,  for  the  fii- 
^^^  tare,  thofe  ceremonies  (houH  be  performed  to  Tfo-ma-quangy 
\^^       Chd'hi,    ShaU'kang-tfye ,    Nan-hyen^    Chew-tung^   Ching-haut 

Chang-tfay^  Lxi-tji'kyen^  and  Hyu-heng  (E). 
Public  ca-     The  emperor  Hupilay  had  promifed  the  literati  to  inftitute  * 
lamiiies ;   the  examination  of  men  of  their  clafs :  but  that  defign  w^ 
never  put  in  execution,  till  November  this  year,  when  Jyyidi' 
palipata  iflued  a  mandate  for  that  purpofe*     About  the  fame 
ti|ae>  JJimating,  a  foreigner,  prefented  the  emperor  \wth  a 
new  kalendar,  which,  hefaid,  would  fervc  for  ten  thoufand 
years ;  but  no  mention  is  made  either  of  the  author,  or  the 
principles  it  was  formed  upon.     As  this  emperor  loved  the 
people,   he  beheld,   with  grief,   the  ravages  which  epidemic 
difeafes  made  in  his  capital:  with  no  lefs  grief  he  faw,  that^ 
fipce  his  acceffion  to  the  throne,  the  fun  had  been  eclipfed,  a 
;^_  comet  had  appeared,  and  there  had  been  two  earthquakes; 

bcfides^  the  famine,  drought,  and  inundations  of  rivers,  had 
imputed  to  ruined  feveral  provinces.  On  occafion  of  thefe  calamities,  he 
the hnzas. zfftmhled  the  grandees  :  fome  faid  his  majefty  ou^ht  to  imitate 
tbc  example  of  Ching-tang,  founder  of  the  Shang  dynafty ; 
others,  that  the  falfe  woriWp  of  Fo  had  caufed  fo  many  evils. 
The  emperor  readily  drew  up  writings,  wherein  he  deplored  the 
misfortunes  which  befel  his  people ;  and  even  declared,  they 
were  fent  by  way  of  puniftiment,  for  the  faults  which  he  had 
committed  in  government,  and  promifed  to  correft :  but  whe- 
ther it  was  that  he  believed  the  worfliip  of  Fo  to  be  good,  or 
that,  in  policy,  he  ought  to  tolerate  i%  for  fear  of  cauiing  a 
revolt  in  the  princes  of  his  family,  and  his  Mungl[ub}c6t$y  who 
were  bigotted  to  the  doftrine  of  the  bonzas,  he  would  not  hear 
of  aboiyhing  that  fuperftition  '. 

»  Gaubil,  p.  243,  &  feq. 

(D)  The  changes  often  made  different  provinces,  and  wrote 

ill  the  names  of  aties  and  coun-  under  the  Song  dynafty,  cxcept- 

tries,   by  order  of  the  Chintfe  ing  Hyu-heng^  fpokcn  of  before, 

emperors,  is- one  of  the  greateft  in  the  reign  of  Hupilay^  at  which 

difHculties  in  the  Cbinefe  hiftory  time  he  Houri(hed.  Tfe-ma-quang 

and  geography.    There  are  in-  is  one  of  the  bcft  hiftorians  of 

deed  Ms  of  thofe  names ;   and  the  empire  ;   and  moft  of  his 

if  a  man,  who  writes  on  thofe  '  works  are  011  extant.     C^-bi 

fabjedts,  would  i>e  exa£l,  he  muft  compofed  the  great  work  on  the 

hkve  them  con#naally  bdbre  Yii^ovyciUXtiTong'kyeH'J^ang-mu^ 

him.    Gauhil.  beiides  others  on  the  claffical, 

(£)  AU- thcfe  authors  were bf  books.    Giiuhii 

*k  .  '  '  ' 

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C  $.  '  h  T^rt^ry  atd  China*  19 

In  Jainjiiafy  ^'i^A*  the  emperor  ordered  a  fearch  to  be  made  iightb. 
after  fuchmea  of  karmng  and  virtue,  as  were  dther  unknown,  Ayyuli- 
QF  without  employment ;  and  in  Marchy  made  new  regulations  P^P*ta# 
for  the  imperial  cpl^je  at  Tat4y  and  that  of  the  Whey-M  (F),  both   ^^^ 
of  which  were  much  declined.    In  Jun€y  taking  into  confider-  ^_     J*  » 
atioa  the  cvUs  wUch  had,  by  their  authority,  been  brought  on 
the  preceding  dynaftics,  he  ordered,  that  they  fhould  not  be  mad^ 
mandarins.     Commmaries  were  likewifcf  fent  into  the  fouthenji  Learning 
provinces,  to  examine  into  the  faleable  and  cultivated  lands :  encou- 
they  found  many  refiDrms  to  make ;  and  reftified  the  land-ta^  r^i^^^. 
according  to  the  |>rice  of  goods. 

In  March   1315,  Jyyuli-paltpata  inftitttted'" examiuations ^^^«tf««* 
among  the  doftors,  who  were  divided  into  two  bodies,  one  dttions  efta- 
MungJs,  the  other  oiChviefes ;  and,  having  aflembled  them,  made    \^ii 
them  compofe,  in  his  prefeace,  upon  a  fubjeft,  which  he  gav^        t/ 
them  himfelf.    Three  of  each  body  were  to  be  chofen,  that  they      ^  ^* 
might  have  titles  and  rewards  conferred  on  them.     TJie  fame 
oiftom  is  fHll  In  force  5*but  no  diftin<5tion  is  made  between  the 
Chiaefes  and  Tartars.  Tht  Chinefe  hiftorians,  on  this  occafion,  are 
hvifticrf  their  elogies  on  Jyyuli'palipata,  and  confider  him  as  the 
moft  illufbioi^  emperor  of  the2%^n  .*  however,  they  cenfure  him, 
for  having,  the  next  month,  conAituted  an  eunuch  a  great  mai^ 
dario,  after  the  prohibition  vhich  he  had  ifTued  to  the  contrary. 

TXE'MU'TXEL,  one  of  the  principal  majidarins  for  thtEfftasof 
finances,  finding  fault  with  the  taxes  impofed  in  13 14,  ^xxf^-oppr^oni 
mented  them  in  the  fouthern  provinces.    One  erf  his  chief  con^- 
miflioi^rs^  qamed  Ni-cha-ma-ting,  a  Mohammedan^  committed 
all  forts  of  vexations  in  Kyang-fii  and  his  avarice  carried. hini 
fofar,  as  to  rob  the  fepulchres,  in  hopes  of  enriching  himfelf. 
The  city  of  Kan-chrWy  in  Shen-fi,  revolted ;  and  one  of  the 
fcditious  aflumed  the  title  of  emperor.     The  great  mandarins 
of  the  province  fBfled  this  rebellion  in  the  beginning :  the  Ma-  ' 
hammedan  was  puniftied ;  and  the  people  were  eafed,  not  only 
in  Kyang'fiy  but  alfo  in  Che-kyang^  Kyan^-nany  and  other  pro- 
vinces ;  which  happened  cm  the  following  occafion. 

In  the  beginning  of  this  year,  4yyuli^paHpata  fent  commifr  and  a  co' 
fioners  into  all  pans  of  the  empire,  to  examine  into  the  con^  met, 
duft  of  the  mandarins :  he  knew  rikat  the  people  in  the  fouth 
had  ftiffered  feveral  grievance^  from  thofe  ma^ftrates ;  and  that 
die  revolt  of  Kan-chew  was  the  effeft  of  their  ill  condudt.  The 
emperor,  who  feared  nothing  fo  much  as  an  inteftlne  war,  be- 
came very  uneafy ;  2^i  his  apprehe^flons  increafed,  on  thfe  ag- 

(F)  Whey-hu  i*  one  of  the  q^  Afih:  Thclcknc^si and  qha- 
Maies  given  *by  thfe  Chinefe  to  rafters  taught  among  the  Wh^ 
Mebammedam^  and  denotes,  ift  hi  are  called  Teje-ti-fif,  Gau- 
general,  the  people  ef  the  weft    M. 

B  2  pearance 

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20  Jcnghiz  KhanV  Suuifors  B.  11. 

Eighth,  pearance  of  a  comet,  which  happened  in  November,  The  people 
Ayyuli-  were  ftruck  with  the  fight  of  this  phaenomenon,  which  they 

palipata,  confidered  as  fent  to  inform  them,  that  heaven  defigned  to 
^'iy^'    punifh  the  emperor  (G),  by  taking  from  him  the  dominion,  to 

■  ^"f'  .give  it  to  a  perfon  more  worthy  of  it.  j^yyuti-palipatay  who 
was  one  of  thofe  princes  beft  acquainted  with  the  genius  of  the 
ChinefeSy  as  foon  as  he  faw  the  a)met,  caufed  a  general  pardon 
to  be  pubBJhed  j  and  difcharged  the  provinces  of  Kyang-fi  and 
Chc'kyangy  which  had  fu(Fered  moft,  from  all  kinds  of  taxes, 
for  two  years :  declaring,  that  it  was  to  indemnify  them  for 
the  wrongs  whith  they  had  fuffered.  The  other  produces  (H) 
were  eafed  in  proportion ;  and  the  literati  took  care  every- 
where to  beftow  great  encomiums  on  the  emperor  (I),  who 
had  attached  them  to  him  by  his  love  for  the  fcicnces,  as  well 
as  the  examinations  inftituted  for  their  order  in  general,  and 
the  doftors  in  particular. 

Mcng-tfe      In  i 3 i 6,  the  prince  Hofhildy  eldeft  fon  of  Hayjban  the  late 

bomoured.  emperor,  was  appointed  to  govern  Tun^nan :  at  which,  being 
difcontented,  he  left  China,  and  went  to  refide  to  the  north- 
weft  of  the  mountain  Kin  (K).  Several  great  men  followed  him ; 
and  he  was  receii'ed  with  open  arms  by  the  princes  of  the  im- 
perial houfe,  particularly  by  prince  Chakotay,  Mean  time, 
Jyyuli'palipata  ordered  a  palace  to  be  built  kt  Wey-^hey^  in 
Ho-nan,  to  honour  the  memory  of  the  celebrat^  Pi-kan ;  and 
another  aLtChang-ping-chrWy  a  city  of  Pe-che-li,  to  honour  that  of 
Ti-jin-kyay.  He  declared  the  famous  Meng-tfe^  or  Mengius,  a 
count ;  and  gave  a  title  to  his  mother.  At  the  end  of  the  year, 
he  appointed  his  fon,  a  prince  of  high  efteem,  to  be  his  heir  *. 

^  Gaubxl,  p.  245,  8c  feq. 

(G)  The  remarks  which  the  thors,  books,  and  fcicnces.    It 

literati  have  made  on  the  Ori-  was  written  by  Ma  tu-on-llny  of 

ginal  and  fcnfc  of  the  title  of  Lo-fingy  in  the  fame  county,  to- 

Son  of  heaven^  which  is  given  to  wards  the  end  of  the  Song  dy- 

the  emperor,  have  often  afforded  nafty  ;  and,  being  a  veiy  ela- 

occafion  to  deceive  the  people,  borate  work,  was  ordered,  by; 

and  induce  them  to  revolt :  and  the  emperor,  to  be  printed,  is 

the  great  men  have  frequently  1314.     Gaubil, 

zhx&i  this  notion  of  the  Son  of  (1)  It  is  well  known  that,  i^ 

heaven^  as  well  as  the  celeftial  Chifia,  the  literati  are  in  great 

appearances,   to  feize  the  em-  credit  with  the  people,  and  have 

pire,  take  up  arms,  excite  tr6u-  no  fmall  afcendant  over  their 

Dies,  and  the  like.     Gauhil.  minds.     GauSU, 

.  (H)  The  imperial  commif-  (K)   A  celebrated  mountain 

fioners    found  a  book   in  the  in  Tartan ;  but  I  know  not  it^ 

dif^i^l  of  Jau'che^y  in  Shen-fi^  diftancelrom  mount  Altay,  Gam- 

which  is  a  bibUotheque  of  au-  tiJ.   See  before,  p.  36. 

In 


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C.  8.  In  Tartary  and  China.  21 

In  Febmary  13x7,  the  emperor  caufed  the  public grana*  Eighth. 
ries,  through  all  the  provinces,  to  be  vifited,  and  put  in  good  Ayyuli- 
condition.     This  year  that  monarch  difcovered  Ws  love  for  P*lipau» 
wine;  and  feveral  times  drank  toexcefs:  but  he  was  brought   ^^^' 
off  that  vice  by  Ma't/ti-cbang,  a  foreigner,  of  the  weft  (L) ;    ^°g* 
who  was  one  of  the  coifors  o(  the  empire,  and  efteemed  for  his     '^^        • 
hiowl^  in  mathematics  and  other  £:iences. 

I N  February  1 3 1 8,  the  clafGcal  books  of  the  feft  of  Fo  were  C/aJ/ic 
written  oat,  in  gold  characters.     A  mandarin  likewife  crofled^^wlr  0/ 
the  fea  to  Korea,  carrying  back  an  exiled  prince,  with  defign  to  ^^* 
flir  up  the  people  in  his  favour :  but   that  officer  was  taken, 
and  condemned  to  death,  with  feven  of  his  accomplices. 

In  1 319,  the  emperor,  who  tenderly  loved  the  prihce  his  A.  D. 
bdr,  had  an  inclination  to  cede  the  empire  to  him ;  ajid  moft  i3^9* 
of  the  grandees  approved  of  his  defign.  But  one  of  the  great 
lords  of  the  court  havir^  induced  them  to  change  their  lenti- 
ments,  his  majefty  defifted  :  however,  he  declared  the  princq^ 
lieutenant-general  of  the  empire,  and  gave  him  the  management 
of  all  affairs.  Shotepala  had  a  great  foul,  as  we)l  as  a  true  filial 
aSe^on  for  the  emperor  and  the  emprefs. 

In  January  1^20,  Ayyuli-palipata  fell  fick;  and  his  difeafe    A.  D. 
bring  judged  mortal,  the  young  prince  never  left  his  father's     1320. 
chamber,  day  nor  night,  fo  overwhelmed  with  grief,  that  \l7hecm' 
had  like  to  have  killed  him.     Without  acquainting  any  perfoUj^^'w*  £is^ 
he  one  day  retired  to  his  own  apartment,  fell  on  his  knees,  and 
addreffing  himfelf  to  heaven,  offered  to  die  in  the  room  of  his 
fether :  but  a  few  days  after  his  father  died  (M),  being  in  the 
thirty-fixth  year  of  his  age.     The  hiftory  praifes  lum  for  his 
averfion  to  hunting,  and  other  pleafures;   his  application  to 
affairs ;  his  duty  to  the  princefs  his  mother ;  and  the  protection 
which  he  gave  to  the  fciences,  and  learned  men. 

j^TTULI'P  J  LIP  JTJ  married  Jnojho/beli,  princefs  of  Hong- 
kila^  by  whom  he  had  Shotepala,  the  appointed  heif.  He  had 
alfo  another  fbn,  called  Utufu-puwhay  and  a  daughter ;  but  it 
is  not  laid  that  he  had  them  by  the  princefs  of  Hongkila :  how- 
ever that  be,  this  emperor  never  was  given  to  women. 

In  the  banning  of  his  reign  he  had  war  with  a  prince Choang*^ 
of  his  houfe,   called  Ifyen-pivjhay  fupported  by  feveral  other  gur'^  ^Jf 
princes:  but  their  army  was  defeated  in  the  country  of  Ite-P^^*^* 
hayrmjb,  by  Choanggdr,  then  one  of  the  generals  of  the  troops, 
which  were  very  numerous  about  Karakorom.     He  afterwards 

(L)  Born  in  the  country  of  month:  and  we  have  already 
ftng-H:  but  Gaubil  knows  not  iben  how  much  the  fuperftitious 
where  it  is.  Chincfes  have,  for  a  long  fcrics 

(M)  There  happened  a  total  of  ages,  dreaded  fuch  phaeno- 
^lipfc  ou  the  firft  day  of  the  firft    mcna.    GaubiL 

B  3  beat 


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22  JengMz  KMn*j  Succeffhrs  B.  H. 

in  the  country  of  ChtmeykaH  -; 

^s  the  country  of  Chayr^  near 
^).  The  account  of  this  war, 
\  no  mention  of,  is  take?n  from 
,  This  laft  ^vas  prince  ctf  Kin*- 
oaded  with  hononrs  by  the  em- 
n,  and  Jyyuli'pahpata.  He  died 
le  privy-council  •. 

eighth  khin  of  the  MungJcta* 
iperor  <iix!dtChmefe  dynSfty  of 

C  H  A  P.    IX. 

^bcJRjtign  of  Shotepala,  called  iy  the  Chinefe's  Ing-tfohg, 

A  S  foon  z.s.Jyyuli'pa!ipafa  ^^s  dead,  the  appointed  hdr  was 

-^  faluted  emperor ;  and,  to  gratify  the  emprefs  his  moAer, 

declared  Tye-^u-fyel  ptifhe  mhiifter.     This  Mungl  lord  had- 

^  been  often  employed  in  affairs  under  the  late  njonarch.    tfe 

ces;  ahdhadfrequently  paid  great  fuths  off 

efides,  a  great  deal  of  wit  and  cunniiig, 

le  people,  as  \^ell  a$  i!he  great  men* ;  iitid 

difgrace  at  the  death  of  the  late  empa-or, 

;d  tinder-hand  by  the  emprefs.     This-  e^- 

ud  With  his  new  elevation,  committed"  ^ 

and  threw  every  thing  into  diforder.  -  lix 

fe  pretences,  he  caufed  Syau-pay^chiTcnA 

'o  of  the  m'oft  judicious  l6rds  of  the  cotrrt, 

they  had  belonged  to  Ae  tribunal  of  im- 

lade  known  the  flagrant  afts  of  injuftice 

which  he  had  done.     He  put  to  death  fever^  other  perfons  ^ 

and  threatened  to  give  the  Wife  of  Tang-tunffi' to  a  flave.     Aa 

ibon  as  this  lady,  who  was  no  lefs  remarkable  for  her  wifdom," 

modefty,  and  honour,  than  her  beauty  and  high  birth,  had 

notice  of  his  menace,  fhe  caufed  her  hair  to  be  cut  off,  disfigured 

•    her  face,  and  took  an  oath  to  remain  a  widow. 

The  «/«/-       S  o  many  violent  proceedings  incenfed  the  grandees  ;   but 

/^rV  1//V- they  dared  not  complain,  cither  to  the  emprefs,  ox  Shotepiila^ 

f'ic0u        -^ho  was  acknowleged  emperor  in  March.     After  the  inftall- 

atioii,  Tye-mu-tycl  became  more  powerful  than  before ;   iaud 

«  Gaubil,  p.  248,  &  feq. 

(N)  A  famous  gorge  of  the         (A)    Tiie  firft  a  Tartar,    of 
liiouncains  to  the  weft  of  Scmar^     Nyu-che,  or  Eajfern  Tart  dry  ;  the 
kandy  in  Great  Bukharia,  where     other   of  Ning-hyay  in   Sben-Jt. 
the  war  here  fpoken  of  was  car*     Gaubii 
w4  on*    CaubiU 

to 

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C.  9-  A  Tartary  andChmz.  ^3 

to  revenge  himfelf  on  the  ftge  Xi-meng^  his  enemy,  put  him  a  :NiM/h.^ 
d^ree  l6wer  m  the  dafe  of  mandarins ;  and  dcmqliihed  a  ilone   Skotc- . 
monumeat, .  which  the  emperof  s  Tiad  raifed  in  honour  of  him  P***i  ^ 
and  his  anchors,  in  the  plac^  of  their  fcpulchres,     li-mg^f'^^^^' 
ieemed  very  little  concerned. at  thle  difgrace  which  was  put  upoB  ~    '^ 
him ;  and  the  emperor  was  fucprizei-to  fee,  that  he  did  not  fp 
much  as  utter  one  murmuring  cxprellSon  againll  the  author  of 
it.    Taking  from  thence  an  occafion  to  inform  himfelf  of  JJr 
meng's  aftions,  he  repaired  the.  monuments  of  ftonc.and  marbk, 
reft<M-ed  him  to  his  titles  and  employments,  and  warned  Tye^ 
mi'tyel  to  be  very  careful,  for  the  future,  not  to  accufe  perlow 
of  fo  much  virtue  \ 

Wicked  naen  vefted  with  power  can  never,  xefpon.    ThlsPay-chi 
minifter  faw,  with  great  uneafinefs,  that  the  emperor  had  much^'^  «w- 
efteem  for   Pay -My   general  of  the  imperial  guard.     Paj»- *"/'''• 
cW,  defcended  from  the  famous  Mil-hu-li  ^,  by  Gan-tong  {B), 
was  a  young  lord,  learned,  brave,  handfome,  modeft,  and  ir- 
reproachable in  his  manners.     Shotcpala^  who  was  of  the  fame 
charafter  himfelf,  had  always  a  great  liking  to  Pay-chA^  which 
increafed>  in  proportion  as  he  became  acquainted,  with  the  ex- 
cellent qualities  of  his  favourite.  The  emperor  refolved,  at  laft, 
to  do  nothing  without  the  advice  of  his  dear  Pay-M ;  and,  after 
feveral  refufals,  ob%ed  him  to  take  on  him  the  charge  of  prime    , 
minifter.     TTiis  lord  began  his  miniftry,  by  making  known  the     .    . .    • 
injury  which  Tye-mil-tyel  had  done  his  majefty,  and  concealed 
nothing  of  what  had  pafled.   The  emperor  Shotepala  Was  equit;-      •  - . 
aWe,  and  very  ienfible  on-  the  point  of  honour,    tie  caufed  an 
inqniry  to  be  made  aftej  thofe  who  had  been  fufFerers,  and  re- 
Tolved  to  make  them  fatisfaftion,  as  far  as  he  was  able.   He  did 
not  indeed  think  it  yet  convenient  to  remove  Tye-mi^tyely  but 
he  put  no  manner  of  confidence  in  him,  and  took  care  that  be 
Ihould  nbt  treat  any  body  ill. 

Mean  time,  fending  for  fuch  lords  and  princes  as  he  kn^v^  Shotepals 
were  inen  of  moft  wifdom,  he  employed  them  about  Hsot^nnfits  tbi 
After  this,  he  made  himfelf  thoroughly  acquainted  with  ^ 
ceremonies  which  are  obferved  in  the  temple  of  anceftors,  widi^ 
but  dlfclofing.his  defign :  but,  when  they  leaft  thought  of  it^ 
be  fent  for  the  princes  of  hishoufe,  and  declared  to  thpni^^ 
that,  in  T^cwembery  he  would  go  to  the  hall  or  palace  o^  an- 
*  Gaubil,  p.  250,  &  feq.  ^  ^  See  before,  VoT^  iV.l..  li.  c.  5^ 

(B)  The  mother  of  Pay-cim  ^t  the  age  6f  twenty  .two  year% 
was  a  princefe  of  the  ^e-fyt  yet  never  would  many  again, 
tribe,  of  the  family  of  the  prii^-  ffefblving  to  employ  her  ttmt 
cefs  Sarkutnoy  wifip  of  folej^'^i^  Iwjkolly  i|i  educating  her  fon  Paf^ 
mother  of  the  emperors  Mengke  chu,  GaubiL 
Bad  Bifilay.    She  was  a  widow 

B  4  ceftors, 

Digitized  by  VjiU\.7  VI V^ 


14  Jcnghiz  Khan'j  Succeffors  B.  II. 

Ninth.   ceftoi:s,  in  habit  of  ceremony.    TJie  Chine/e  great  men  had 
Shotepa-  orders  to  make  every  thing  ready  ;  and  habits  were  prepared 
la,  or  ing-for  the  guards,  grandees,  and  all  the  officers.     This  news  cre- 
^®*8*    ated  a  general  joy  in  the  city  among  the  Chinefes  :  the  empe- 
J^*^Y"^ror  and  his  retinue  appeared  in  the  ftreet^  on  horfeback,  mag- 
M^fiors.  ^'ificently  dreffed.     This  fight  charmed  the  people ;  but,  when 
•^    *  they  found  that  they  were  not  hindered  from  feeing  the  empe- 
ror, they  made  the  ftreets  ring  with  acclamations,  and  wept 
for  joy.     Shotepala  was  the  firft  of  the  Mwwg*/ monarchs  wh6 
jperformed  this  ceremony ;  and,  as  he  had  not  appeared  in  pub- 
lic before,  every-body  was  delighted  to  fee  their  prince  difco- 
Ver  fuch  an  air  of  grandeur,  mixed  with  popularity :  nor  did 
ever  any  monarch  receive  from  his  fubjefts  more  encomiums, 
\  and  fincere  wiflies,  than  Shotepala  did  on  this  occafion.     It 

was  known  that  Pay-chu  had  counfelled  the  emperor  to  per- 
form this  ceremony :  the  palace  of  that  lord  w^s  continually 
filled  with  the  Chine/e  great  men  and  literati ;  the  people  con- 
gratulated him  loudly  as  he  pafled  along ;  while  every  honour 
done  to  Pay-M,  gave  Tye-m^-tyel  the  greatefi  anguilh.  A  ge- 
neral pardon  had  been  already  publiftied  throughout  the  em- 
pire ;  and,  from  Ta-t^y  the  rejoicings  fpread  over  all  the  pro- 
vinces. Both  Chinefes  and  Tatars  promifed  themfelves  every- 
thing from  the  reign  of  Shotepahy  whofe  firft  year  was  1321. 
Jakes  good  As  this  prince,  called  Ing-tfohg  by  the  Chinefes y  loved  hurit- 
mdviee.  }ng,  he  propofed,  at  the  beginning  of  that  year,  to  aggran- 
A.  D.  ^Q  ^{^g  places  fet  apart  for  that  exercife  in  the  neighbourhood 
'32*'  of  Shang'tAy  by  building,  at  proper  diftances,.  palaces,  ftables, 
and  lodges,  for  the  men  aflifting  in  the  chace.  Pay -My  tho* 
he  loved  hunting  alfo,  yet  did  not  approve  of  this  defign* 
He  reprefcnted  to  the  emperor,  that  it  could  not  be  executed 
without  great  expences,  and  incommoding  the  people.  Here- 
upon Shotepala  dropped  his  pi^ojeft;  and  protefted,  that  he 
would  think  of  nothing  but  eafing  the  empire.  In  y^pril  a 
confpiracy  was  difcovered,  formed  by  Jfan  (C),  and  feveral 
other  great  lords ;  who,  by  the  advice  of  Pay-My  and  the  em- 
prefs  grandmother,  were  condemned  and  executed.  Tye-m^" 
iyely  who,  by  means  of  the  emprefs,  mother  to  Shotepaky  ftill 
maintained  his  ground,  caufed  the  prince  Tutemury  fecond  fon 
of  the  emperor  Hayfhany  to  be  banifhed  to  Kung-chew  (D), 

(C)  This  Jfav  feems  to   be        (D)  Latitude,  by  obfervatioii 

the  fame  fpokcn  of  in  a  note,  of  du  Tartre y  20^  o*  ^7"  i  Lon- 

f,  2:40»  by  pur  author  Gauhi/;  gltnde,    by  the   bearings,   and 

who  /ays,  be  was  a  foreigner  of  meafured  diftances,  from  JTmr- 

the  weft,  very  onderftanding  ill  ton,    near   three  degrees  more 

affairs,  and  one  of  the  principal  weft.     GaubiL 

capital 

•  Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


minillers  of  flate* 


C.  g.  In  Tzxtuj  and  China.  25 

capital  of  the  ifland  of  Hay-nan.    Towards  the  end  of  the    Nintlu 
year,  the  emperor  judged  it  would  be  for  his  honour  to  make  Sbotcpa- 
magnificent  prefents  to  the  lama  who  had  been  his  inafter,^*>?''"B* 
and  had  a  mind  to  return  to  T^bet  ^  .  ^_°j' 

SHOTEPJLJ,  who  was  a  zealous  belieyef  in  the  doflrine^^' 
of  Fo,  in  the  beginning  of  the  year  built  a  magnificent  tem-^^/^' 
pie  to  that  falfe  deity,  in  the  mountains  to  the  weft  of  P^d^ath* 
king.    While  the  work  was  going  forward,  feveral  cenfors  of 
riie  empire  made  ve^  fmart  reprefentations  upon  the  o^ca-      > 
fion.    The  emperor,  contrary  to  his  cuftom,   falling  into  a  '  * 

paffion,  caufed  fome  of  them  to  be  pu(  to  death,  and  baniflied" 
others.  One  of  the  moft  illuftrious  among  the  former,  was 
To-yau-el  Hatimifbi  (E),  a  native  of  Hamif  or  Khamilf.  iu 
Utile  Bukharia.  The  hiftorical  elogy  of  this  lord  afcribes  his 
death  to  the  calumnies  of  Tye-mA-tyely  and  his  (on  Sonan;  who, 
bearmg  him,  as  well  as  the  other  cenfors,  an  ill-will,  told  his 
majefty,  that,  inftead.of  {^ving  him  noti(;e  of  what  pafled, ' 
th^  did  nothing  among  themfelves  but  fp^  ill  of  him.  The 
Chinefe  literati,  who  were  great  enemies  to  Fo,  \>m  full  of 
efteem  for  Shotepala,  piraife  exceedingly  the  courage  of  thcfe 
cenfors.  Some  time  afjgr,  the  memory  p^  ^Jtieje  m^ndjaqn^ 
was  re-eftablifhed ;  and  tne  emperor  was^  ^00  ,ivife  noj  toj^» 
pent  having  fo  imprudently  followed  the  motions  of  his  ang^r^ 
In  Jpril  he  caufed  the  temple  which  the  Whey-hiy  or  wefterri 
Mohammedans^  had  ^XShang-tiy  to  be  demoliflied  ;  andafterr 
wards  forbad  thofe  foreigners  to  buy  young  boys  and  girls  of 
the  MunglSf  in  order  to  give  or  fell  them  again  for  Haves  to 
ihtChine/es, 

In  1322  Pay-chu  had  obtained  leave  to  go  into  Lyau-tong^^^^ ^ouri 
to  raife  a  monument  of  marble,  with  an  infcription  x)n  it,  in^tformed* 
praife  <rf  Gantpng  his  grandfather,  who  died  in  the  reign  erf 
II4'pi'lay.  Tye-mi-tyely  who,  thro'  vexation,  kept  for  fome 
time  in  his  palace,  without  ftirring  out,  took  the  opportunity 
of  Pay-chA^s  abfence  to  go  to  court ;  but  the  guards  ftopped 
him  at  the  gate,  and  told  him,  they  had  orders  not  to  let  him 
enter.  The  anguifh  which  this  difgrace  gave  him,  threw  him 
into  a  fit  ci  ficknefe,  of  which  he  died  in  Aiguji^  hated  by 
everybody.    In  June  1323  he  was  deprived  of  his  titles  ;A.  D. 

1323. 

*  Gaubil,  ubi  Tap.  p.  2{i,  &  feqq. 

(E)  Hisi  grandfat)ier,  in  the  other  expeditions.  His  grandfa- 
fburth  degree,  was  an  officer  thers  in  the  third,  fecond,  and 
under  Jengbix  Khdn^  and  fol-  firft  degree,  as  well  as  his  fa- 
lowed  him  to  the  firft  fiege  of  ther,  were  all  illuftrioas  officers. 
f#-iif|Bf  l.and  afterwards  in  hi^  GaibiU 

,    the 


Digitized  by 


Google 


a6  Jmg\\ti%Mt\*sSuccefors  B.  11. 

ttgbtb,  diiB  monuments  6f  ftone  and  marble,  inscribed  with  his.elogy, 

Shot^pa-  were  pufled  down,   and  his  goods  confifcated.    Mean  time 

^ItT        P^y-^f^  caufcd  the  taxes  and  annual  tribute,  payed  by  the  pro- 

^  tfong.  fiances,   to  be  remitted;  and,  withal,  conUderable  fums  of 

^*"^**"^ bounty-money  to  l>e  dillributed  every-where.    Debauchery, 

avarice,  luxury,  and  other  vices,  were  banifhed  from  court ; 

fo  that  the  Chinefe  great  men  could  not  but  admire  fuch  wife 

conduft  In  a  Tdtaf'  prince  only  twenty-one  years  of  age. 

Pay-chft    ^  While  things  feemed  thus  to  promife  happy  times,  Tye- 

and  the  ^e-mii'tyel,  and  one  of  the  principal 

thoughts  wholly  on  contriving  how 
)ntdone  his  fether,  and  the  confifca- 
ler  to  this,  he  firft  founded  the  in- 
itented  princes,    with  tbofe  of  the 
e  mandarins  who  had  been  put  to 
:  which,  be  engaged  feveral  officers 
On  the .  third  of  Se^temhpr^  thf 
«?,  and  not  "able  to  compofe  )uinfelF 
tol)e  faid  to  .R?.     Tyerjbe^  and  his 
nth.  fear.     Th^y  had  prevailed  on 
facrificeAhould  be  offered  to  Fo^ 
J the  evils  which  threatened  the  em- 
pire.    Pay-cM  fent  away  the  lamas,  treating  them  "  as  mea 
**  who  thought  of  nofhing  T)ut  how  to  get  money,  and,  in 
•*  reality,  '  proteftied  wicked  people.'^     Thefe  words  being 
Sreard  bythe  afTociates  of  Tye-Jbe^  who  was  one  of  the  com- 
manding officers  ih  the  jguards ;  the  lords  Chinkin  Tefn^r,  Syen 
Tem^r,  formerly  miniftera,  prince  GJ^n/i'/ttwAtf^  and  others, 
immecUately  met,  and  consulted  how  to  prevent  the.  meafures 
jOf  Pay-cM,  whofe  probity,  vigilance,  and  valour,  they  feaied. 
i/pperor     ^^  ^^me  night,  therefore,  Tye-Jbe,  followed  by  feveral  foldiers, 
ajaffftt'    flew  that  lord ;  and  then  entering  the  tent  of  the  emperor, 
ntid,         who  was  in  bed,  killed  him  with  his  own  hand.     The  place 
where  this  aflaflination  was  committed,  is  called  Tfan-po,  to 
the  fouth  of  the  city  Shang-tti, 

The  emperor  ShoUpala  married  SukofaJd^  princefe  of  the 
tribe  of  Ikilye,  and  daughter  of  Ilihaya,  daughter  of  the  em- 
peror "Ttmur :  but  he  haA  no  children  by  her ;  nor  doeis  the 
hiftory  fpeak  of  his  having  any  other  wife"^.  He  was  ninth 
emperor  of  the  Mun^ls^  and  fifth  of  the  Chinefes. 

*  GhVUiL.  ubi  fup.  p.  ^50,  fc  feqq. 


CHAP, 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


C  H  A  P.    X. 

Ti^  reign  of  Ydupi-tcmAr,  j^ted  hj  Jic  Oundb  T^- 

/VT&etinie  when  die  above-meatioQedlxmipi^^  Tentb. 

-^^  i^g  oa  at  Shof^-ti^^  r^m-tapmr^   fidcft   foB  of  piiooe   Yefon- 
Kawmda^  hFOther  ^of  the  emperor  TfmiSr,  tommaQded  to<tfaetem6r,  §r 
iM^th  of  the  CrsAt  KM,  ix  Sarufy  D^rt,  m  7ir/»r>r;,^wdTay-tmg, 
encamped  Dear  the  river  Lor^-ku^  or  PancMm  (A),  laaious  for     7'~*~'. 
the  cmh  made  there  by  J^gbt%  Kh6a,  aod  bis  adheponta. 
TJiis  piiace  had  in  hU  coyrt  ^  tord  iMMPOed  74M/(x/!iav  ifhofe 
foa  Hafun  waa  ao  officer  in  the  ^imperial  guards  oader  th^ 
cpmoiaBd  of  J^^-cM  ;  bat,  as  bie ' ji^ew  of  a  loQg  ti^ae,  th$CK 
^^kiteiided  tokUl  hcgenei^  be<}«ifttcd.l^  te> 

Mo/v^  this  yiear,  i3[23»  a  maodaii^  caj|ed  Tiuhte,  leavk^tl^ 
courts  ioforaied  TaJq/ba^  that  th^  em[^drgr  4ki'B0t«<»0e  iw 
TeJun-temAt ;  and^  k  was  -to  be  feaFod>  ^vt^uld,  in  a  bttle  um^- 
pttt  hissk  to  death..   After  this  iatdligeiKe;  the  two  became. 
iB&Biate  6ieQds»    7V^*^biv  betorebci  [puthisdefiga  ia  4«eiCDr 
don,  fent  a  mandarin,  named  tVdiu't/e,  to  acquM^  tFatjf^^/iatfromotes 
that  he,  JUfan^  T$fyeu-40mik'^  andsotther$i  as  foc»  <as  fthc^  kad/^«  iroi^i^ 
hr9^bt  iheir  plot  to  bear,  would  |irocbdm  the  you^  piinQ^^^^'^ 
Tefwt'^em&r  entperc^t.         r         l  .    .      - 

As  fooa  as  this  s^flidr  was  commumoated  to  Te/uiv-^miftiri  }e^ 
caafed/F^itf-i^  to  be  (arreted;  and  i&ftesidy  diipatd»d  iewml 
oouriers  to  inform  the  aaperor  oi:  what  was  ^tttUg  agaioft. 
him :  b«t  the  meflfengefs  attived  too  kce.  The  prince  <7i9;zli« 
^MihStf,  4md  TefyM  TmnAr,  having  iiazed'the  ieal,  a%d  iittperial 
r^bes,  hafted  over  «he  defert ;  aad^.O!^. their  anivid  at  tbeijmr 
hmg-ku,  Yeftui'temur  caufed  himfelf  tp  be  proclaimed  empereit 
ia  SdptmAer.  After  this,  he  publiflied  ^general  pardon,  apd 
dedaced  Taulqfbfi  his  prime  minifter :  he  likewife  appointed 
Tyerjbe,  and  his  accosBtplkes,  to  be  bis  principal  maiMlarind. 

As  Sb&t^pah  was  the  delight  of  the  people^  the  news  dUnt^fo^H' 
Va  death  fpread  .a^g^ieral  ibrrow  among  the  prince,  gnuidee8y<^^t 
tad  due&  of  trS^es,  ^ well  as  the^';i^  mandarins  and  lite-^ 
TWk.  On  the^^thec  hand,  tbefprio^eesaad  lords  of  the  family  of 
MiMU,  whidi  was  eiiei>f  themoft  powerful  and  confiderable 
aoieqg  die  MuHglsy  wore  impatient  toobtain  jnftiice  for  a  murder 
conmiitted  on  one  of  the  principal  perfons  of  their  houfe, 
who  was  geoe^  of  tlie- imperial  guards,  aad  prime  ntinifter, 

•(A)  Our  woAxsih  -CAi&r A dotfs  notdoiow  tke txaft  fituati^  ofthis 
riw.  . 

The 

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2«  Jenghlz.  Kban V  ^uccfjfgnrs  B.  H.  ^ 

7intb.   The  ne^  emperor  might  eafily  fee,  that  he  was  in  danger  of 
Yefon-  fufieringy  for  haidng  had  a  hand  in  the  aflkflination  of  the 
tcmftr,  «r  prince,  and  his  mioifter.     Prince  Mayni^  defcendcd  from  the  * 
Tay-ting.grandfether  {B)  of  Jmghiz  Khi^^  fincUng  the  emperor  inclihed 
^■"*V"*^to  make  ufe  of  Tye-Jhe,  and  his  accomplices^  and  even  to  ad- 
vance them  to  be  great  mandarins,  reprcfented  to  him,  that 
fnch  a  condu  A  would  not  only  lofe  him  the  afie^tion^  both  of 
the  Chinefes  and  Tatars ;  but  that  pofterity  would  reproach 
'     his  majefty  with  dipping  his  hands  in  the  blood  of  his  fove- 
•'        '     rc^,  and  that  of  a  minifler  fprung  from  the  great  Muhtdu 
tut  $  them  ^^  w^hom  the  Mungh  owed  the  empire  of  the  Tatars.     Yefun- 
t9 death:  ^^^^^*  ftruck  with  this  idea,  ordered  Tefyen  Tem&r^  Wang- 
ehe^  Turhefiy  and  other  Wds,  to  be  put  to  death  that  inftant, 
in  the  camp  of  Long-M,    He  likewite  ^patched  officers  to 
Ta-i4i  to  fdze  Tyejhe^  atfd  his  aflbciates ;  who  were  all  exe- 
cuted on  thefpot,  their  families  extirpated,  ahd  their  eflfefts- 
confifcated.     Sonariy  fon  of  Tye'm)&-tyel,  had  only  been  fen- 
t^flced  to  be  banifhed  ;  but^  on  reprefendhg  tHat  he  was  the 
firft  who  ftruck  Pay-M  *on  the  fhoulder  with  his  fword,  the 
dmperor  ordered  him  alfo  to  be  put  to  death,  and  his  goods  to 
be  forfeited^  altho'  the  l^ter  part  rf  the  Tentence  was  not 

put  in  execution.  

ei^yers  ha-      The  liVes  of  Ganti'Puv^a,  and  other  princes  who  were  in 

mjbed. '    fomc  fort  parties  in  Tyt-Jbe"^  treafon,  were  fparcd  *,  but  ttey 

were  all  baniftied,  and  carried  the  brand  of  their  infamy  along 

with  them.     Tefun-temiiry    arriving  at'  Ta-tA  in  November^ 

feftored  the  memory  of  the  two  lords  whom  Tye^md-tyel  had 

caufed'to  be  put  to  death  in  January  \'^xo.     The  emperor 

did  the  fame  juftice  to  thofe  impeached  the  year  following  by 

that  miniftcr,  and  his  fon  Sonan  ;  fome  of  whom  were  put  to 

death,  and  others  baniftied,  on  their  accufations,  which  were 

declared  to  be  malicious* 

LeBures        In  1 324,  which  is  the  firft  year  of  Tefun-t^mttr^  ftyled  by 

€» govern- th€  Ghinefes  Tay-ting,   one  of  the  minifters  pfopofed  to  his 

ment^        majefty  to  appoint  doftors,  wtofe  bufinefs  ftiould  be  to  ex- 

A- 1^-      pound  daily,  in  the  palace,  fuch  books  as  were  moft  proper  to 

'324»*       form  the  princes  and  grandees  for  government.     The  emperor 

approved  of  this  defign ;  and  ordered  his  fon,  as  well  as  thofe  of 

other  princes,  to  go  every  day  to  hear  the  le^res.     The  firft 

book  pitched  upon  was  the  Chinefe  hiflory,  written  by  Tfo- 

ma-quang ;  and  thi$  cuftom  is  ftiU  obferved.     Chang-queyy  the* 

(B)  MaynH  was  the  fifdi  d^-  tenmr  ito^mented  hi^  revenues 

fcendant  of  Talichiriy  fourth  fon  and  titles ;  which  exceedingly 

of  Pmiitan,  father  of  Te/k-ia^t  plea&d  t)|c  iamtly  of  Pay-chm^ 

father  of  Jettghiz  KJb^n.    Ye/un"  a^d  all  the  grandees.  GaubiU 

prpjeftor 

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C.  lo.  In  Tarcary  oMd  China.  29 

])rojeftor  of  this  fine  infticdtion,  was  one  of  die  moft  fleady    TeatL 
and  difceraing  minifters  the  Twen  ever  had.     He  was  the  fon  Yefon- 
of  general  Chang-hong-fan^  and  educated  by  a  great  mandarin  ^wnftr,  tr 
of  the  iSowf  empire*.     This  mahdarin,  being  in  the  fleet  of  J^'^°g* 
Cbang-Jbt-kyay,  near  Ae  mountain  Ay-Jban^  when  Hong'fan  *  '^^  \^ 
came  to  attack  it  **,  was  going,  Avith  others,  to  throw  ^"^^^^{^^j^^ 
into  the  fea :  but  the  general  hindered  him  5  and,  finding  that^^^^* 
he  was  a  great  lord,  and  a  man  of  merit,  kept  him,  and  de- 
fired  his  uiendfiiip.    The  mandarin,  out  of  gratitude,  would 
never  quit  the  houfe  of  -Chang^hong-fan^  and  undertook  to 
educate  his  fon. 

Soon  after  the  above-mentioned  leftures  were  eftablifhed,  jy/^  15^. 
the  emperor  declared  his  fon   Afkkepa  the  prince  inhaitor.  ;y;^^  n,^. 
Mean  time  thcChineje  grandees  and  literati,  who  were  watch- «MnW 
ing  for  an  occafion  to  make  known  to  pofterity  their  fenti- 
ments  touching  the  treafon  of  Tye-Jhe^  the  worihip  of  Fo,  and 
fever^I  other  abufes,  met  with  one  in  April ;  for,  during  that 
month,  wherein  the  emperor  made  a  progrefs  to  Shang-t^, 
there  happened  a  violent  florm,  an  earthquake,  and  a  total 
cdipfe  erf  the  moon.     Thefe,  they  publicly  declared,  were 
fent  m  punifhment  of  the  murder  of  Shotepala  and  Pay-cUU 
The  emperor,  fHzed  with  fear,  fent  for  the  grandees,  and  or- 
dered them  to  draw  up  a  memorial,  fincerely  fetting  forth  their 
fentiments.     Chang-quey  was  pitched   on  by  them   to'  per- 
form this  talk ;  which  he  did  with  much  freedom,  and  addrdfled 
it  to  the  emperor.  *- 

He  demanded,  in  the  name  of  the  empire,  "  that,  in  6mc,agaift/eBf 
"  jufHce  (houid  be  done  on  all  concerned  in  the  horrible^M>^>4t- 
"  crime  of  Tye-Jbe :  that  the  fons  of  So-nan^  who  ftill  zp-^orj, 
"  peared  at  court,  and  were  even  in  the  guards,  fhould  be 
**  bani(hed ;  and  the  eflefts  of  their  father,  which  had  been 
"  reftored  them,    coafifcated :    that  Ganti'puwha^    and  the 
"  other  princes  who  had  been  convifted  of  being  accomplices 
"  in  the  treafon,  and  were  only  baniftied,  fhould  be  put  to 
"  death,  as  unworthy  fubjefts,  who  difhonoured  the  imperial 
"  family  :  that  prince  Toto  (C),  governor  of  Lyau-tong,  hav- 
"  ing,  in  the  ^me  of  the  t^-oubks,  taken  away  the  lives  of 
"  feveral  princes  and  princefles  of  the  blood,  and  confifcated 
"  their  goods,  inftead  of  being  rewarded,  as  he  was,  ought 
*^  to  be  punifhed,  by  confifeating  his  own  eflefts,  refuminghls 

*  Gavbil,  ubi  fop.  p.  255,  &  feqq.  ^  Sec  befbrCt 

Vol.  IV.  1.  ii.  c.  J.  fea.  2. 

(C)  He  was  defcended,  in  the  fifth  degree,  from  Tyfmuio,  bro- 
ther of  Jenghix  Khin.     GaubiL 

"  titles. 


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$0  Jfiogfttz  Jihkt's  Succors  B.  H 

fnuk.   <<  tiMs9»  and  baoHhiog  UmTelf ;  fcr  that,  if  foefa  cnmet  were 

Yeftto*.  <«  left  uapamfticd,  tterc  would  be  reafon  to  fear  the  ruia  of 

•wa6i,  tr**  ^ji^  empire  wta  new  at  hand :  that  as,  during  the  mkufhy 

Tay-dBg.<t  ^  Tyt-inu^tytl,  and  Qiice  T^fe-Jbe's  confpiracy,  many  inaocent 

^**  pcrfoiis  had  been  put  to  daith,  an  inquiry  ought  to  bemad* 

''  after  fuch*   and  fiitisfaftion  made  to  their  Families :    and 

"  that,  coofidering  how  many  viUains  thofe  evil  minifters  em- 

^  ployed,  as  w^  as  aAs  of  injuftice  they  committed  them- 

**  fehre9»  it  was  to  be  feared  many  innocent  perfons  (till  groaaed 

**^  under  oppreiSon;  the  priibns,  therefore,  oa^t  to  be  vifited, 

*^  and  the  Hate  of  the  cities  and  villages  inquired  into :  that 

"  commiffioners  ought  to  be  fent  to  the  frontiers,  and  regard 

**  had  to  what  the  troops  had  fuiFered  :  that  care  fl^ould  be 

'^  taken  to  fend  the  bpdiee  of  the  dead  into  the  countries  where 

"  dieir  parents  lived ;  and  to  give  them  wherewithal  to  interr 

<^  the  corps :  that  remedies,  and  other  afEftance,  ought  alio 

''  to  be  adminifiered  to  tl:^  fkk  poor :  and  the  fifliing  for 

*^  peu'ls  in  the  province  of  Kanton  prohibited,  as  occaficHung 

«  the  death  erf  too  naany  people." 

and  ether      BESIDES  thefe  dcsnands,  the  flotemorial  (rf  Ctrng-quey  pointed 

manda-     out  fevoral  abufes  which  required  a  reform.    He  complained, 

Hmj  }        ^^  that  two  mandarins,  who  had  been  convidled  of  counter- 

"  feittng  the  emperor's  orders,   and  ourryiag  off  an  oiEkxr's 

*'  wife,  had  been  pardoned :  that,  under  pretence  the  court 

**  wanted  |»recious  ftonea,  a  fordid  conunerce  was  carried  on 

"  by  certain  perfons,  who  wercl^not  a(hamed  to  make  his  nu^ 

^  jttfty  pay  ten  times  more  for  diem  than  they  coft  :  that  fuch 

'*  perfons  cared  not  if  whole  families  and  provinces  were  rumed, 

^^  fo  they  could  make  .their  court  by  prefenting  precious  ftones, 

**  which,  in  reality,  were  of  no  ufe  :  that  a  prince  ought  not 

•*  to  think  of  governing  the  empire  any  jother  way  but  as  a 

religion  of  *^  father  of  his  fubjefts ;  and  that  it  was  not  by  the  bonzas, 

Fo,  ^  or  priefts  of  Foy  that  he  ihould  feek  to  be  happy:  that 

**  fim:e  the  bonzas,  the  lamas,  and  the  tan-tfe,  made  fo  many 

^  prayers  and  iacrifices  to  Fo,  heaven  had  fhewed  continud 

><  marics  of  ita  difpleafure ;  and  that,  till  fuch  time  as  they 

^^  &W  the  worihip  of  Fo  abolifhed,  and  all  the  bonzas  driven 

mndufelefs "  put,  they  might  expeft  to  be  unhappy :  that  the  palace  of 

sjgicers,      "  the  emperor  "wzj  filled  with  idle  perfons,  eunuchs,  afttx)ld« 

*'  giecs,  i^yiidans,  and  others,  whcrfe  qiaintenaDce  amounted 

"  to  exorbitant  fums :  that,  as  the  empire  was  a  family,  of 

.^  wMch  the  emperor  was  father,  it  was  not  fit  that  any  of  his 

"  children  (hould  die  for  want  of  care  ind  affiftance ;  much 

"  lefs  was  it  fit  that  a  prince  fhould  think  it  inconfift^nt  wth 

"  his  dignity  to  liften  to  die  cri^s  of  the  nriferable.** 

3  The 


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C 10.  /« Tamry  mi  China.  3» 

The  emperor  read  this  dUbourie  of  Chang-quey  with,  pica-  Tnuk, 
fore :  but  durft  not  aboHfli  the  worihip  oiFo^  for  fear  die  Ydfon- 
Mungls  fluMild  revolt :  nor  would  he  put  to  death  prince  Ganti-  tcmiir,  •r 
fuwha.     With  regard  to  the  other  articles,  he  appeared  to  be'JV-^jJ^g^ 
pretty  indifferent :  on  which  occafion  the  hiftory,  on  one  fide,      ~^~"*^' 
pr^fes  the  lords,  at  the  head  of  whom  Chan^'quey  fpoke  with 
io  much  zeal ;  and,  on  the  other,  deplores  the  onhappiaefs  of* 
the  times  ^ 

Prince  Tutemir^  youngeft  fon  of  Hayjban^  who  had  tt^Vbumftn 
turned  from  his  exile  m  Hhy-nan^  was  ordered  to  go  to  Kytn^wded. 
Awa,  now  Nan-king^  there  to  refide.  Yefun-temAr^  this  year, 
(fivided  into  eighteen  great  governments  the  empire,  which 
was  before  parted  into  twelve.  Thofe  twelve  governmenU 
depended  on  a  council  (D)  called  the  hrds  of  provinces.  It  is 
remarked  alfo,  that  the  rice  fent  by  fea  from  the  fouthem 
provinces,  for  provifions  of  the  court,  amounted  to  170  van 
of  tan ;  and,  tlie  following  year,  to  335  van,  and  1000  tan. 

In  1326  there  was  a  great  farnne  in  Pe-che-li  ^od  Sian^ 
tmg ;  of  which  the  emperor  ha^ng  received  the  particulars 
from  Chang-quey^  at  his  return  from  Pau-ting  W,  where  he 
had  been  to  lee  hds  relations,  that  prince  followed  his  fage  ad- 
vice, in  fuccouring  the  people  of  thofe  two  provinces.  TheLamai  in- 
lamas  were  all-powerful  at  court,  efpecially  with  the  princefles.y^/'f*^' 
They  had  patents  to  take  poft-horfes  (E),  and  ran  about  with^*"**''- 
the  equipage  of  princes,  They  were  a  great  charge  to  the 
pjM>ple,  who  were  obliged  tptfurnifh  th^m  with  horfes  and. 
provifions.  Their  lives  and  manners  were  often  very  difor* 
derly ;  and  the  Chinefes  on  aU  fides  made  moft  bitter  com^ 
plaints  of  them<  The  emperor,  being  at  length  informed  of 
thefe  abufes,  put  a  ftop  to  them.  It  being  found,  that  more, 
money  had  been  given  to  the  occidental  merchants,  who  traded' 
in  precious  ftones,  than  they  ought  to  have  had,  the  fame  was 
coniifcated :  but  Upetula  (F)  and  Taulajba  (G),  who,  either 
through  intereft  or  inclination,  were  much  attached  to  them, 
caufed  the  money  to  be  returned  them  ;  and  put  many  manr^ 
daiins,  who  had  been  turned  out,  into  their  piaees.  again* 

«  Gaubil,  ubi  fup.  p.  257,  Sc  feqq^. 

(D)    Marco  Pohf  ehap.  22,  M^  or  ObeyttclUdf^  «  Ji&iim^ 

fpeaksof  this  council.  GaubiL  mdan  mmc. 

(E)Thsy  carried  news  every.  (G)   Doab^t(&  Tifim^mir^^ 

wtiiere,  aad.  ei!en  as  far  as  the  prime  minifter,  mentioned  be*; 

frontiers..    QanlnJ,  fore. 

(F)  This  feems  to  be  Abcr9lr 

IM 

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$2  Jenghii  Khan'i  Succejfm  B.  11. 

Te9ith,        In  1327  the  grandees  invited  the  emperor  to  go  in  perfon, 
Ycfun-   and  facniice  to  heaven  :  but  his  majefty  refufed  ;  and  cited  a 
tmhr,  ^rjawof  Hit-pi-lay,  importing,  that  the  emperor  fhould  perforni 
?jy;^°^that  facrifice  by  a  deputy.     On  this  occafion  the  hUlory  re- 
G     /    T^prcfents  Tefun'temur  as  a  prince  who  was  not  exaft  in  obferv- 
lamities,    ^°8  ^^  duties  of  his  ftation ;  and  that  he  was  puniflied  for  his 
faults  by  the  fliortnefs  of  his  reign  (H).     It  is  added,  that  this 
year  all  forts  of  evils  afflifted  the  empire ;  drought,  famine, 
inundations,   the  falling  or  finking  of  mountains,  an  earth- 
quake, and  an  eclipfe  of  the  fun.     In  June  the  emperor  caufed 
the  great  work  of  Tfe-ma^quarig^  intituled,  Tfe-chi'tong-kyen^ 
containing  what  pafled  under  the  emperors  from  before  Chrift 
to  a  long  time  after,  with  very  elaborate  notes,  to  be  tranflated 
into  the  ^tt«^/ language.    In  December  (I)  died  the  illuftrious 
Chang-quey^  regretted  by  all  the  men  of  worth  in  the  em- 
pire. ♦ 
Care  about     In  the  beginning  of  the  year  1328  the  emperor  caufed  prints 
fik.          to  be  diftributed  through  the  empire,  whereon  was  delineated 
^'^'       the  art  of  rearing  filkworms,  and  making  filk,  with  the  man- 
'5*          ner  of  cultivating  lands.     Befides  thefe  prints,  he  ordered  a 
book  to  be  printed,  and  diftributed,   confifting  of  fourteen 
chapters,  wherein  the  antient  method  of  doing  thofe  things 
was  treated  of.     In  Febntary  his  imperial  majefty  went  from 
Ta-tu  to  Shang't^,  and  left  the  guard  of  the  former  to  Ten^ 
tenter.     His  majefty  at  the  fame  time  ordered  Tutemur,  fon 
Emperors  of  Hayjban^  to  go  to  Kin-chew,  a  city  of  HA-quang  :  but,  in 
Jeathf       July^  Tefun-temur  died,  at  the  age  of  thirty-fix,  leaving  the 

court  full  of  intrigues  and  faftions. 
marriages f  This  emperor  married  Papuhan,  princefs  of  Hongkila,  who 
had  the  honours  and  titles  of  emprefs.  Befides  this  princefs, 
he  likewife  married  his  own  niece,  by  one  of  his  elder  fifters ; 
and  two  other  ladies,  of  the  houfe  of  Hongkila,  near  rela- 
and/oni.  ^^^^  ^^  ^^^  emprefs.  The  hiftory  gives  him  four  fons,  of 
whom  AJukipa,  the  prince  inheritor,  was  the  eldeft.  It  like- 
wife  remarks,  that  the  emperor  Shotepalay  thro'  bad  advice, 
removed  from  court  Hojhila  and  TAtem^ry  the  two  fons  d 
Hayjkan ;  fo  that,  after  his  afTafSnation,  Tefun-temury  taking 

(H)  Yet  the  roign  of  amiable  emperor  with  a  lion  and  a  leo- 

SbotepaJa  was  not  only  as  Ihort,  pan!.     The  cities  of  Nichaftir^ 

but  iiis  death  tragical ;  which  Terpen  (or  Derhend),   Bagbdadt 

ihcws  the  abfurdity  of  fucli  fu-  Jfefaan,  Ku-fa,  Suntama  (or  $•!' 

pedlitious  conclufions.  tania)^  and  others,  are  put  in 

(1}  It  is  related,  that  in  this  the  kingdom  o£  Pu/ayn.     Gau* 


year,  1327,  a  ftranger  from  the    ArV. 
country  of  Pu/ayn  prefented  the 


advantage 

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^,if.  -ft  Tar^ry  (wji^  China,  *  ^3 

advantage  c^  their  abfence,  had  himfelf  p^oclai;;le4  cmp^f?    TentL 
farther,  that  Jyyuk-palipaia  and  Hayjha^n  raa4e.  an  agreement,  Ycfun- 
whereby  the  tvo  families  were  altern^tejy  to  jxjdels  the  eip-J5^^^!  ^ 
pirej  ajod  that  the  former  broke  his  word,  in  declaring  his"  (on  ^^^"^"^' 
Shote^aia  hereditary  prince*^.  -'r^  .'t 

YESiiN'Tendr  was  tenth  khan  of  the  MungU,  and  fi^t^ 
pxyperor  of  the  Cbinefe  Twen. 

C  H  A  P.    XL 

Tbi  Reign  o/Hofhihj  known  to  the  Chinefes  hy  the  title 
of  Ming-tfong. 

A  FTER  the  death  of  the  emperor  Ttfun-ieMr,  the  pntk'gk*v^i 
^^  prds  Paf>uhan,  in  the  name  of  the  prince  inheritor,  herKUn* 
fon,  lent  the  iilinifter  UpetAh  to  Ta-Hy  in  order  to  fecurc  ^eHoihiit. 
Teals,  as  welj  as  appeafe  and  gain  the  people.    On  die  other ^  ■■%■■■># 
hand,  Ten-tem^ri  ^  governor  ^nd  commander-general  In  that 
capital,  poiled  troops  in  all  the  quarters,  reinforced  the  guards 
at  the  gates  both  of  the  city  and  palace,  and  refolved  to  raife 
to  the  throne  if^Ai  and  T&temiri  the  two  ^ns  of  Htyjhan^ 
Yen-tem^fy  one  of  the  greateft  captains  of  his  tlm^,  was  th^ 
third  fbn  of  ChohangAry  prince  ot  fSn-cha  (or  Kipchak).  His  A.  T>. 
fine  pcrfonal  qualities,  join.ed  tQ  his  bjrth,  j^nd  the  fervic^    1318. 
which  his  father  and  grandfa^ther  had  done,  made  bimeAeemeA 
at  court.     As  he  had  b^en  rajftd  \^y  Hayjian  to  th^  prini? 
dignities,  and  was  loved  by  th^t  prince  more  thjtn  any  oth^r 
lord  of  his  court,  Ten-temkr  thought  hlmfyf  bound  in  grati- 
tude to  be  attached  to  his  family.  .-.-,... 

In  tjiefe  fentiments  Ten-tem^ry  in  concert  ^ylth  the  rcgujp  qfYcn- 
Can-fu    great  grandfon  of  H^-pi^layy  by  Mangioldy  gating  ^«">"f*^ 
picked  out  his  ofEqers,  and  mofl  rcMute  fol4iers,  9n  the  day*^ 
TCyaw  of  the  eighth  month,  fuinmone<J  the  gr?at. 'mandarins 
tt)  one  of  the  hdls  of  the  palace.    All  the  lords  beinff  afleni* 
bled,  reiP-temtir,   followed  by  feventeen   men  of  his  party, 
proppfed  the  two  fons  of  Hayjhan  to  be  empero|-8 ;  ^d  feid, 
he  would  put  to  death  oa  the  fpot  ^ny  who  mould  ofpofe  thjit 
refolution.     After  thefe  words,  he  ordered  his  men  to  feize/^rHa- 
yp$tiilay  and  feveral  other  of  th?  great  mandarins,  ^ho  did  not  fhanV  fii- 
concur  with  hiip,  and  conduft  them  to  prifonr    He'thcn  ap-»M^. 
pointed  mandarins  of  his  own  party  ;  and  gave  ftili  po;v'er  to 
general  Chau-Jhi-pj^n  (A)  (or  QaurjUyen)^    Tjie  fu^altjrn  pfii- 

*  GAv^a,  ohi  fejp,  fit  ?6o^  Si  feqq. 

(A)  A  dcfcendant  of  general    glory  in  the  y^ar^  of  Jtfg^i(i 
Cancbor^  who  ferved  with  much    lOxin,  GgubiL  '-     .   ^ 

Mod.  Hist.  Vol.  V.  '  C*  '      cers 

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^4  JtnghizKhsin'sSucceffors  RII. 

EU%Mn{i.  cers  knew  nothing  of  what  was  intended ;  and  the  generals 
Hoftila,  who  were  in  the  fecret,  ha\dng  aflembled  the  troops,  ordered 
or  Miag.  them  to  kneel,  with  then*  faces  to  the  fouth,  and  beat  the 
tfong.    ground  with  their  heads :  by  which  ceremony  they  perceived 
^'"^'^•^that  Ten*tem4r  defigned  to  proclaim  7W/^m<^r  emperor,  at  that 
time  baniihed  into  Hd-quang,    For  a  whole  month  this  gene- 
ral appeared  always  on  horieback',  and  but  a  few  perfoiis  knew 
where  he  flcpt  at  night.    He  had  taken  right  meafures  to  haftea 
Tiltendr  to  Ta-ttl^  and  giVQ  Hq/bila  notice,  who  was  in  Tar- 
tarji' :  •  at  the  fame  time  he  fpread  a  report,  that  the  firft  was 
advancing'  by  great  journeys  ;  and  that  the  latter  would  foon 
return  from  the  north,  with  the  princes  of  his  family  (B). 
Hiif^Mt      WjHEN  Pe-yen^  governor  of  Ho-natii  a  Merkithy  n^on, 
aahvity.    *nd  one  of  the  beft  officers  of  the  Twen^  knew  Ten-temur's 
dcfign,  he  entered  into  his  views ;  and,  putting  to  de^th  feve- 
ral  officers  whom  he  diftrulled,  made  the  troops  declare  for 
Tf^temitr.     Sat  tin,  brother  of  Ten-tefnur,  feized  the  impcH-tant 
poft  of  Ku'yong-quang  \    and   Tang-ki-Jbi^   Yen-tendr's  fon, 
-    ^ook  Ku-pe-H  (C).     Mean  tune  that  general  ufcd  the  neceflary 
precautions  for  executing  his  defign  at  Ta-t^ :  on  which  prin- 
ciple he  put  to  death  prince  Koko-chu,  and  fome  other  great 
lords,  who  went  about  to  fupplant  him  :  but  h^  compaflS  all 
,  which  he  undertook,  by  his  refolution,  aftivity,  genius,  and 
the  reputation  he  had  gained  in  the  opinion  of  the  troops, 
Afiikipa        While  Yen-tem^r  was  thus  bufy  at  7i-/j^,  in  favour  of 
/et.uf.       Tfkemury  Taukjba  caufed  Afukipa^  known  to  the  Chinefes  by 
the  namcf  of  Tyen-Jbun^   to  be  proclaimed  emperor.     This 
V  paiiy  was  powerful :  for,  befides  many  princes  of  the  blood, 
;  and  governors  of  provinces,  moft  of  the  weftern  officers  and 
foldiers  were  inclined  to  follow  it ;  and,  according  to  the  Chi- 
nefe  law,  AfAki^a  ^as  the  lawful  emperor ;  having  been  ac- 
knowlqged  for  the  prince  inheritor  in  the  life-time  of  the*  em- 
peror his  father.     Prince  Wang-chan  (D)  alfo  had  given  air 
army  to  general  Tajbe  TemAr^  Ton  of  the  miniiler  Toto^  prince 
of  Kanglit  in  order  ta  oppofe  that  of  Ten-temi^r. 
TfttcmAr  \  At  length,  in  Augujl^  Tutemur  arrived  at  Tartu,  and,  by 
proclaim'  ^s  ^refence,  excccdinaly  ftrengthened  his  party.    He  made  a 
id.  promotion  of  mandarins ;   and  bellowed  a  great  dignity  on 

Tim£'p4wha,  a  prince  defcended  from  IttiM  (or  IM^t),  prince 
.   (pf  TAr/dn,  who  put  faimfelf  under  the  protection  of  Jenghiz 

(B)  He  had  a  brother  called    the  wall  of  China,  to  the  north 
Wa<k*irt(y,  the  father  of  TotOf    of  Finking,      - 

both  famous  for  the  great  poib        (D)  SonofSongJhan^  Ton  of 
they  held.    Gaubil. ,  Kanmala,  and  ccaiin-german  to 

(C)  A  fortrefs  and  gixt  in    Afikifa.    GaubiL 

Khin. 

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C.  1  !•  In  Tartaiy  and  Chini*  35 

Khin.     1a   September  Ttltemir  fwt  Upetdla  to  death ;    anHJf/^w/wS- 
banHhed  feveral  other  mandarins,  whom  Ten^tem4r  had  im-  Hoibiia, 
prifoned.     This  general  prefled  Wm  to  be  proclaimed  cmpe-*^^"*g" 
ror.    He  put  it  ^,  laying,  he  would  wait  the  return  of  nig    ^°g' 
brother  Hojbilay  and  yield  the  empire  to  him.     However,  zi   '^^    ^ 
laft  he  fullered  himfelf  to  be  prevailed  on,  and  was  declared 
emperor.     r?«-/rmj^r  was  immediately  declared  generaliffimo^ 
and  Pe-yen^  governor  of  Ho-nan^  was  likewife  much  advanced. 
Manifeftos  were  fent  into  all  parts  \  and  it  was  affirmed,  that 
7utem&r  was  refolved  to  furrender  the  empire  to  his  brother 
Vojlnla. 

Prince  Wang-chauy  being  advanced  as  fiu*  as  Tulin  (E),  Affikipa 
was  there  flopped  by  Satun,  brother  of  Ten^tem^ry  and  rerproclaim^ 
cdvcd  fome  lofles  :  but  taking  advantage  of  Ten-tem^r's  ab-'^' 
fence,  who  had  been  fent  to  the  frontiers,  to  opppfe  prince 
Tejyen-tem^r,  reduced  Ku-yong-quan,     On  advice  of  this,  that 
general  returned ;  and,  in  two  battles,  defeated  the  prince,  near 
tjie  river  Tu  (F), .  and  obliged  him  to  retire  int6  Tartary. 
Wang-chan^   though  full  of  courage,    yet  being  young,  and 
without  experience,  was  no  match,  for  an  old  ^warlike  com- 
mander, like  Teri'tem^r,     Prince  Koko,  who  declared  for  Jfit* 
kipa,  with  the  troops  of  Shen-Jiy  feized  the  important  pofl  of 
Tong-quan.     Prince  Tefyen-temitr  likewife  entered  Shen-Jiy  and 
proclaimed  him  emperor.     Tyemilko,  the  Tatar  general,  fol- 
lowing the  fame  party,  advanced  with  a  great  army  to  thrbor- 
ders  of  Ho-nan  and  Hti-quang,  where  he  made  great  conquefls* 
Ho-nan  was  at  this  time  full  of  fornudable  armies  of^  both 
parties'.  '    ... 

Mean  while  Tefyen-temdry  wTio  had  marched  from  Shen-Ji His  troop^ 
into Pe-che-ii,  reduced  Tong-chew  (G);  and,  being  ititrSotctAtitfuttuL 
by  many  fuccours,  drew  near  Ta-^Uy  in  order  to  befiege  it. 
On  this  news,  Yen-temtlr  took  his  beft  troops,  and,  attacking 
the  prince  vigoroufly,  cut  his  army  in^pieces.  The  moft  valu- 
able officers  belonging  to  Afuklpa  were  flain  in  this  battle  "jf  and 
the  prince  had  much  ado  to  efcape  with  the  ruins  of  his  army. 
Prince  Ulatay,  who  alfo  declared  for  ytfukipa,  made  great 
inarches  with  his  troops,  in  order  to  join  Yejyen^temitr.    He 

*  Gavbil.  ubi  fap.  p.  262,  &  feqq. 

(E)  A  fmall  city  of  PecheU,     and  falls  into  the  Pe^bo,  or  rivcc 
ibout  five  mileS'  eaft  of  Whay-     Pe.    Gauhii. 

5ffy  hytn.   Gauhii.  (G)  A  city  on   the  weft  fsde , 

(F)  A  little  river  which  pafles    of  the  river  ?<;,   feme  leagres 
«?  Ku-^ong'^uangi  in  Fi-ehi'Jii     (about  twelve  miles)  to  the  eaft 

ofPi'kin^. 

C    q^  Digitizedl^OOgle 


^ 


Jei^z  }Ch»n'^  Sucetffai^s 


Klh 


SKang.t{i 
taketpi 


Ai^kipa 
Jltdn. 


Bif*utnth.  Had  tatkrfn  Tfehhin-quan^  an  important  poft  in  P^-cb^'li,  ^©4 
Uofhiia*  abnoed  the  whole  country  :  but  when  he  came  to  the  bridge 
en  Ming'Qf  Ltirkewkyau,  he  thcr€  heard  of  the  prince's  total  defeat; 
'^^     and,  fearing  to  be  overwhelmed  by  Tert'temur,  n^tired. 

When  Pi-wha^temir^  paternal  uncle  9f  Tm-^emir,  who 
was  great  general  of  the  Mungls  in  Tartary^  to  the  weft,  norths 
4nd  north-^dl,  of  Lyau^ong,  knew  that  Ti-temur  had  btei 
iaftaUed  at  Ta-tu^  he  invited  prince  Tvjelu-temir  (H)  to  jpia 
bim  ^yith  his  troops ;  and  both  went,  in  OQober,  to  lay  fxfs^  to 
Siang't^.  Ti^ula/ba  defended  the  place  at  firft  with  much 
courage  ;  and,  followed  by  the  princes  and  great  men  di  AJ%' 
kipa's  party,  feveral  times  attacked  the  bcfi^)irs>  but  was 
always  repulfed.;  and,  being  at  length  reduced  to  extremity^ 
fnrrendered  at  difcretion."  He  delivered  up  to  Twelu-innir  all 
the-  jewels,  precious  Acnes,  and  whatever  elfe  belo^gied  to  the 
emperor  Afikipa.,  Prince  Wang-chan  fled  ;  prince  Toto^  bere- 
tofore  gOYernor  of  Lyaw-iongt  was  killed  :  but  it  was  not 
known  how  Afukipa  died. 

On  the  news  of  Afukipa's  death,  and  taking  of  Sbang-ti, 
the  princes  and  great  lords,  who  were  leagued  againft  Tutemwr 
in  Shen-ftt  Shan*Ji^  Hu^qiumg^  Che-kyang,  Lyau-tongy  and  other 
countries,  laid  down  their  arms;  and,  in  Novembir^.Tutemur^ 
feeing  himfelf  without  a  rival,  fent  a  lord  to  his  brother  Ho* 
Jbila ;  baniHied  to  Tong^gan-chew  (now  called  Tang-gan-hyen) 
(I)  the  emprefs  Papuhauy  wife  of  Tefun-temur ;  and  put  to 
death  the  general  Taulajha^  with  the  princes /r<z«f-r^/w,  Te- 
fyfti'temur^  and  others.  He  would  have  done  the  fame  by  sdi 
the  Tatar  and  Chinefe  grandees  taken  at  Shang-tu,  if  a  great 
mandarin  had  not  told  him  fuch  a  proceeding  was  unjuft,  and 
might  caufe  a  general  difafFeftion.  The  hiftory,  on  this  occa-i 
lion,  fpeaks  of  Tutemur  as  an  ufurper,  who,  without  reafon»j 
f  ut  to  death  the  princes  and  great  men,  for  having  fbpported 
their  lawful  fovereign.  He  is  blamed  likewife  for  exihng  the 
(impr^fs  Papuhan.  Mean  time  Ncmkyaiay,  one  of  the  com- 
manders in  Tun-narit  got  himfelf  proclaimed  emperor,  2nd 
i^spointed minifters  to  aft  in  afFaus. 

;  Prince  Ho/hila,  having  been  informed  of  what  had  paflcd- 
in  January  1329  decamped  (K) ;  and,  marching  fouthwardsj 


Princes 

put  to 
death. 


Hofhila 

inftalled, 
A.  D. 

1329. 


(H)  fJiu^/a/-/m^rwasdefcend- 
ed,  in  the  fifth  generation,  from 
Sho'chi-ban,  fecond  fon  of  Te- 
fikay,  and  brother  of  Jenghix 
I^hdn,    Gtmhil, 

'  (f)  Acity  inP^-r/^^-//,  alittle 
to  the  fouth-eaft  of  Fe-king. 


(K)  The  hiftory  fays  HoJhiU^ 
encamped  in  fummer  on  moan^ 
Wa-h-U'chay.  I  know  rot  i\ 
this  be  the  moxrai  Alt ch ay  ^  whicl| 
M,?olo  fpeaks  of,  and  where  I14 
fays Jenghix.Khan'n bujied  Ttuj 
(Altchay)  is  mount  Ahay.  GaztB 


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Googk 


encampe< 


C  !!•  In  Tartary  andXXm.    ^  §> 

encamped  to  the  north  of  tjic  city  Ho-ning  (L)  (or  Karako*  Elevntb. 
rom)f  and  caufed  Wmfelf  to  be  proelaithed  emperor.     This  Hofhila, 
iaftanatkm  was  performed  whh  the  cdncurrfetjce  of  Tktm^:)  or  Ming- 
and  the  lords  of  both  courts  made  great  rejoicings  on  the  6c-^  tfong.  ^ 
ifcafion.     lii  March  Tutemur  fent  Ygn-umihr  to  carry  the  feal  of^-^»^^ 
the  empire^  with  the  imperial  habits  and  ornaments,  to  H6* 
JbUof  who  declared  him  prhne  minifter,  and  general  of  the 
troiDps ;  and  Ttkemthr  was  appdnted  the  prince  inheritor.    For 
tfi  tins,  l^fmUt,  in  reaKty^  carried  himfelf  as  emperor,  inde^ 
Ittndem  of  his  Imthei^.    He  fent  k  lord  into  Se-^/men ;  who 
|>tri>lifliing  that  the  emperor  Tutem^  would  pardon  Nan-kya^ 
tuy^  whO)  towards  the  etid  of  1^  y^ar,  was  proclaimed  empe*- 
fWy  thift  general  fubtokted }   btit  was  immediately  put  to 
thstth.    Mean  ^ne  Hojhila  pre})ared  fo  go  to  Shdng^tu ;  and 
ietog  arrived,  in  Auguft,  within  twc^  days  journey  oi  that  dty^, 
"^ntmit  went  diither  to  faldte  him  :  bat»  foon  after,  HqftiU 
'wasfouna  d£ad  m  his  bed.     The  fecodd  of  that  mondb  he 
jgavca  greact  entertainment  tp  the  lords  of  both  xx)Urt8  ;  and,  Hisfudden 
tetheiixth,  died  fuddenly.     The  hiftorians  accufe  ntMilt^'^^^- 
Vlth  hfiWdiig,  Out  of  ambition,  ^ocured  his  brother^  death. 

HOSHILASs  the  emperor  whom  the  Chirufi  £all  MiBt^ 
i/bng:  he  gatre  the  title  of  ehiprefs  to  {he  priiicefs  Fnptj/bd, 
who  wa3  of  the  tribe  of  Naykanchin,  by  whom  Ae  had  a 
prince  named  Ilinchipin^  who  was  proclaimed  emperor,  las  the 
^rwder  witl  fee  hereafter.    When  fid  was  hi  TSirUry^  he  mar-  WintdsiShd 
fied  alfo  th«  jft^incefs  Majliayti  ^,  daughter  of  'N^LhuniM,  dut-fi^-  *  '  \ 
fended  from  prince  ArJWi^^  who  came  from  the  wfeft  to  fub-        '  " ' 
nut  to  y^ghiz  KMrky  and  had  large  territories  glren  him  to 
the  north  of  the  Great  K(M,  or  D^arf.     Kofhlla  had,  by  the 
fiticrfs  MayUyiiyTcvihan^tetnun^  who  was  the  laft  emperor  of 
3dte  MuHgls  in' China,    He  had  Bkewife  another  fdtt  namdd 
Hdn-chi-pan,' ^^o   reigned  before    his  brother  id»ut  t^o 
A(5liths^ 

•  HOSMfLA^v^  theeletettth  khin  of  r^rf^ry,  kild  feyeilth 
«fflp^r<ar  <rf  thi^  Tv^en,  who  reigned  ^ver  the  Chin^^Sn 

*>  Gaviil,  ttbi  fupra,  p.  ^^,  &  feqq.  •«  ^cehtfotc, 

Vol.lV.i.i.x.  i.&a.  1.         ^  Gaubil,  ubifup.  p.  267. 

(L)  OiherwJfe  called  Ho-lin.   Gauhil, 


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gg  Jcnghlz  KhanV  Suecejfor^  B.  II. 

CHAP.    XIL 
tbeRtignof  TAtcmAr,  ftyled  by  the  Chincfcs  Vcn-tfong. 

jTwil/tb.    A  S  foon  as  Hojhila  was  dead,  Tutemur  fent  for  the  feal  of 
Tiitcmfir,  ^  the  empire ;  and,  after  he  had  performed  the  laft  duties 
or  Ven-  to  the  decoded,  he.  returned  to  Shang-tu,  where,  on  the  fif» 
tfong.    tecnth  of  the  fame  .month  of  Auguji^  he  was  acknowleged  em- 
*'*'*'^^'*^peroir ;  and  appointed  that  the  year  1329  flipuld  be  reckoned 
the  fecond  erf  his  reign.    This  lame  y?ar  Tutemur  ordered  the 
book,  intituled,  King-Jbi-ta-ty^ny  to  be  compofed  in  CInnefe 
by  the  mofi  able  dehors  of  the  empke.    It  is  often  dted  in 
the  great  hillory  of  the  Mungls  \  by  which  quotations  it  ap- 
pears (A)  to  contain  many  curious  matters  relating  to  the  ori- 
gin, government,  conquefts,  and  geography,  of  the  Mungls. 
One  of  .the  doftors,  appointed  to  be  concerned  in  this  grand 
work,  was  Shen-fcy  a  native  of  Khoraffdn^  and  a  Mohammed^ 
an :  but,  as  he  could  never  ^ee  with  the  other  doftors  about 
iitveral  articles,  treated  of  in  that  book,  which  yet  are  not 
mentioned,   he  obtained  leave  to  write  on  other  fubjcfts: 
among  the  reft  (6),  he  compofed,  in  Chinefe^  a  geography  of 
the  wefl.eincountrfe?  of  Maj  to  which  he  has  Subjoined  re- 
marks upon  their  dofbrinal  books,  with  a  large  caulogue  of 
thdr  eminent  men. 
iMHon       In  March  1330  prince  Tukyen  revolted  In  Tun-nan^  and 
-in  Yon-    aflumed  the  title  of  king.      He  committed  a  thoufand  dif- 
**^'         orders ;  took,  the  cities,  flew  the  mandarins,   and  ftirre4  up 
the  Myau-tfCi  with  other  people  who  live  independent  in  the 
neighbouring  provinces,  to  rebel  againft  the  emperor,     ffere- 
upon  the  prioce  AlatenaJbdU  fon  of  prince  Tula^  was  ordfsred 
to  march  with  an  army  to  oppofe  the  defjgns  of  Tufyen.  Mean 
time,  the  empreft  PMafili,^  or  Putajheli^  of  the  l^oufeof  ^^j-- 
kilay  and  wife  of  Tutemur,    not  able  to  endure  the  emprcTs 
dowager  Papijba^  employed  an  eunuch  to  make  away  with 
her.      The .  tiiftprians  .  ^e  oceafion  from  hence,  to  rcpre- 
fcnt  the  dangerous  confequences  of  a  bad  example  in  princes. 
Tutemur^  fay  they,  caufed  his  brother  Hojhila  to  be  fent  out 
,  of  the  worid ;  and  that  .wicked  example  induced  Putajili  to 
dc&roy  Papufia. 

(A)  The  author,  when  he  dcr  the  K$fi  dynafty  ;  the  books 
wrote  this,  had  not  yet  found  of  Lau-tfe  and  Ciywan-tfe,  &c. : 
that  book,  the  books  of  Zhen-fe  remain  in 

(B)  He    compofed    feveral  his  family;    nor    does  Gauhil 
ether  works  on  the  Chinefe  claf*  know  if  they  were  printed, 
ficil  book$  I  the  great  men  .«n- 

IN 

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C 12^  Ib  Tartary  j;^.  China.  ,  39 

In  OSlober  the.  emperor  went  to  the  temple  of  heaven,  and  Ttvil/th. 
there  facrificed  in  perfon,  honouring  at  the  fame  time  ^/u^tz-Ti^tcmur, 
Khdn,  founder  of  the  dynafty.     Tutemur  was  the  firft  of  the  ^'^  Vcn- 
Tiven  (or  Mungl)  princes  who  in  perfon  had  been  at  the  tern- ,  ,^l!"f  ,'  ' 
pie  of  heaven,  and  made  the  folemn  facrifice,  which,  before  .^^^JY^ 
that  dme,  had  been  performed  by  others.     After  this  <^t-^^jV  , 
mony  was  over,  a  general  pardon  was  publiihed  ;  and  a  i^'^fices. 
was  made,  that,  among  the  emperor's  wives,  only  one  ftiould  .^ 

bear  the  title  of  emprefs.  It  is  remarked  in  a  note;  in  the  . 
great  hiftory  of  the  Mungls^  that  Jenghh  KhAn  had  twenty*^ 
one  ladies,  who,  befldes  the  princefe  of  Hongkila,  his  princi- 
pal wife,  had  the  title  of  emprelTes ;  and  that  the  other  em- 
perors, down  to  Shi-tfu^  or  HdhpUl^^  ,had  five  or  feven  x, 
which  xruftom  was  fallowed  by  his  fucceflbrs,  till  Titanur\ 
who  limited  their,  number  to  one.  '  ■  ^     * 

In  December  the  emperor  declared  his  fon  the  prince  Alate*  Yun-ntn 
natala  prince  inheritor:  but,  in  January  1331,  this  princcLA^*^''*^* 
died,  to  his  father's  gteat  affMion.    'Mean  time  the  prince  ^*  ^* 
Alatenajbeli^  ^^  an  army^of  more  than  100,000  men,  car-   '33*« 
ried  on  the  war  againft  prince  Tu-^yen^  who  defended  himfelf 
with  courage ;  but,  having  been  beaten  in  above  twenty  bat- 
tles, in  April  both  Tun-nan  and  Sie^cbwen  fubmitted  to  the  '       *   -1 ; 
idftor.    However,  foon  after  one  of  the  rebels,  named  Lu-yu^ 
who  had  lam  concealed  for  a  while,  e3«:itcd  new  troubles,  fup- 
ported  by  the  brothers  and  fons  of  Tu-kyen.    But  Kyay-lye 
<C),  great  general  of  the  Mungb^  made  a  terrible  flaughtcr     '  •   ^ 
of  his  followers,  and  intirely  difperfed  them,    Two  brothers 
and  three  fons  of  Tu-kyen  were  killed ;  and  another  pf  his 
brothers  fled  as  far  as  the  (ea,  where  he  perifhed. 

Mean  time  one  of  thelamas,  of  the  coontry  of  Igur^  which-'  «^ 
abounds  with  them,  was  then  chief  of  the  lainas  of  the  cm+  con/piracy. 
fire,  and  what  rq^ded  their  reli^n ;  fevcral  of  the  bonzas 
€S  Igur  formed  a  confpiracy  in  favour  of  Twelu^temurf  foa 
of  the  prince  Honanta,  whom  the  emperor  H^yjbm  put  to 
•death.  - 

TEN'TEMUR^  who  had. been  created  a  vang,  <x  regulo, 
by  the  emperor,  had  a  fon  called  Targay  j  which  yoiing  prince  /  r 
Was  fo  beloved  by  his  majefty,  that  he  would  have  him  edu^ 
<ated  in  his  palace,  and  fent  his  own  fon  Tentye^kutje*  to  be 
bred  up  in  th^  palace  of  Ten-tem^t.  He  lUtewife  this  year 
<oirferrcd  on  Pe-yen.t!tieMerkit  the  title  of  Fang  {or  Wang ), 
which  is  the  g^eateft  honour  that  the  emperor  can  beftow 

(Cl  Or^^i^f,  is  the  naraic  yuttnan ;  but  I  knbw  not  if  this 
of  a  general  from  the  weft,  who '  be  the  fame,  or  one  of  his-  fk- 
did  great  ferviccs  for //« //-/ay  in    mily.    GaubiL 

.  .     C  4       .-      ..•     .  .    'Oft. 


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40  Jcnghlz  ithan^i  Succeffors  i.  11. 

Tnfjiifth.  on  one  of  \&^  fobjcAs;  aad  is  attended  wlt&  penfions^  but. 
Tafitmftr,notcilate$.   . 

•r  Veil,  jjj  1^  j^  TktMurs  accordu^  to  cfuftom.  removed  in  the 
■  ^^^'  ,fpriog  to  Shdng-tii  j  where  he  fell  fick,  and  dfeil,  in  JuguJ^^ 
hr^jT^in  t^  twenty-ninth  year  of  his  age;  ordering,  that  one  bt 
j^^,  tfe^  fonk  X2f  ^ik.t»rother  No/hiJa  ftiould  be  t>roclaiiiied  emperor  ^. 

^  D^  TUT£MUg  was  the  twelfth  khan  of  tfic  Mungh^  and 

I33«*       ^1^^  pf  dMS  ^Ti^^n  dynafty  m  Chinas  where  he  was  knowa 
under  the  title  of  Ven-tfong. 

»  Git^feiL.  ubi  ftp.  p.  267,  &  fttin. 

CHAP.  xm. 

fbe  )ieign  of  T6whah<etn6rj  fiyled  ty  ii>c  Chinefcs 
Shun-tL 

S  E  C  T.    I. 

fU  "i^SOim  md  rtbeUiom  wbicb  iOmdid  his  b»d 

mmenth.  A  FTER  the  death  of  Tutermir,    the  miriftcr  Tert^emiy 

Towhan- 1\  ^^^^  y^^  ^^  cmprcfs  Putq/heU,  md  propofed  td  advMk» 

^Sh       ?''h^  fob  Tenip'kiit/i  to  the  empire  2  but  /he  rejefted  kha!t  mo- 

*  tibn ;  and^  ^urfuant  to  the  intention  of  her  d^?cafed  hulband^ 

ItUfcd  the  prince  JUncbipin,  fecond  fon  of  ffq/hila  (by  tht 

ftmpitfe  Papl^a,  vfhoth  Oiehad  j)ut  to  death),  then  no  more 

thkn  feVien  ycsiri  old;  to  bfe  proclaimed.    This  new  emperor^ 

known  in  Cbka  under  the  title  of  Nbig-tfimg  (A),  dying  U 

MwfeiA?/-^  J^n-ftmAr  agaSh  propofed  to  enthrone  T)fray€kiiife : 

but  P'dta/hefi  wouid  by  no  means  confent  to  it;  deeiarbig^ 

ttmt  the  eftipire  bdongcd  to  Towban-tm^  (B),  foh  of  HoJbUm, 

by  thiB  prih^s  Aldylaytii  who  was  at  thb  time  thhtech  yeara 

of  Bgt.    After  the  death  of  the  cmprefe  PafUJba^  he  wa^  ha- 

niftied  into  Korea,  from  whence  he  had  been  removed  to  i^^- 

ftn  Fi^  the  (Sipital  of  ^ang*Jl. 

Xtforts  0/    The  emperrtr  of  the  Amg^  who  was  carried  into  Tartaty^ 

bim,         ilnd  became  ^  liama%  had  &mds  in  that  cbuntry,  where,  k  «s 

fS^d,  he  marrlbd  a  fjrince^  and  had  duldrcD  by  her.    This 

pHhcdTs,  atcoit^  to  iomky  y^ts  Miylayti  $  and  had,  by  iSm^ 

^TVwbim^tMit.    After  this,  prince  Jf^Uta  cont^ufted  a  friend-* 

'*  ^6t  btfbrt.  Vol.  IV. !.  ii.  c.  5.  fija.  2. 
.    (A)   But,    at  he  lived   only    note  at  the  end  of  this  d/na^ 
f^o  moAths,  be  is  not  rebkon^     of  Ae  fhven, 
Wong "tiiclClfeiVf^  emperors.  S6c        (B)  'Written  TJhoahrtnwit  m 
Dm Hahir, China,  Vtill.f:2X%    ttA "MlSOx GMtt/. 
Ibl  edit.    Wc  ftall  obfervt  in  a 

4  ^        T  fcip 

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di3. 


doa  for 
TKele  f i 
ie  lefs 
flbweve 
beiogcc 

be  fai^  X 
lent  a  ' 


lities  5  but  he  was  cruel,  and  void  of  modefly.     He  became 
Humoured  vn^  ojie  of  the  wives  of  the  emperor  T^fpmH^T9tU)\ 
Md  had  the  raSiH<&  to  msik^  her ;  k  thingiafanpft  Msthdlit  exf- 
turiplei    In  B^ttrch  he  died  6f  Wsfexcseflfes  ;  tod  his  death  ft- 
cured  'tiie  empire  to  T<fwhkn-tM^t  .•  '<vhd,  itftfoViflg  Viridi  Wis 
^Jotart  to  SJitf 5^-/1?,  the  ririprcfs  itgeht  ddcfei^d  'th^  laft  wiH  ctf 
^iAnir ;  iitfi  thV^Andees  kgfeed  to  declare  thie  prmce  em- 
'jjiercfr.        /......'  -^       '     • 

roiVBAn^'l^tJ'k (t\  wjiom, the  C5//j^/  i^ssMtShm-ii,  Is  pro* 
'at  Erii^ave  all  power  to  the  cmprefs  Putafbeli^  and  conferred  ^^'^^* 

oh 
^  (G)  The  ^eifhie/e  bocffct  tuf  55few-«fr««iug!i(ter8  dpronTedT'-rf- 
^ii|raphy   fay,    that    one    ^f    mcrlan^  to  whom  they  give  the 

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4^  Jtnjghh  KMnV  Succeft^rs  6.  IL 

prefs-grandinother ;  .but,  from,that  time, 
)f  her.  This  princefs  informed  her  fon 
ur's  will,  and  of  what  had  paflcd  betweca 
^ayjban.  The  new  emperor,  to  gain  the 
:o  his  iatereft,  in  Jug^  caufed  his  wife' 
emprefe. ' 

UR  fpon  difcbvered  his  inconftarit  and 
. ^       ^     ,       L  averfion  to  ftate-affairg,  and  his  inclina- 

tion to  pfeafure.     jHuwhentenuir,  the  eighth  in  defcent  from 
the  emperor^^ofiy^  perceiving  his  natui^  indoknce,  fiidwed: 
,  him  the  great  number^of  faults  he  would  commit,  in  cafe  he' 
governed  by  himfelf  i  he  therefore  advifed  hidi  to  feave  that 
toil  to  his  Tnihifters;'ind,  by  that  pernicious  counfd, ^as 
the  firftxraufe  of  the  deilruftioh  of  the  empire  of  the  Twen  (D); 
Tbwhim-'temur  followed  his  advice,  and  thonght  of  nothing  but 
gKMdfyihg  his  paffiohs.  '  Sat&riy  eldeft  brother  of  Ten-ternAr, 
M^s  honoured  xyith  the  title  of  regulo  (or  vang)  as  well  as 
Tarigkt/bi,  eldeft  fon  of  Ten-temur^  and  brother  of  the  empre& 
Peyaw,    SdtUn  and  Pe-yen  were  the  7>rime  minifters ;  anrf 
were,  befides,  the  great  generals  of  the  troops.     The  hiftory 
loudly  exclaims  agairift  the  advancement  of  Pe-yeh  to  this  high 
pbft,  reprefcnting  him  as  a  man  of  bad  principles;  debauched, 
and  void  of  honour  :  it  adds,  that  heaven  fhewed  mark^  of  its 
difpleafure  the  fame  day  that  fo  much  honour  was  conferred 
on  him  ;  for  the  earth  quaked,  and  a  mountain  fell. 
Calamities     The  hiftory  likewife  records  fevcral  prefages,  in  1334,  oF 
9/  bis       the  unfortunate  rcign  of  To-whan-temir ;  as  that;  in  the  ibuth- 
reign.       cm  provinces,  no  fewer  than  two  millions  two  hundred  and 
AD.,,  feventy;  thoufand  families,  that  is,  inore  than-  thirteen  mlUions 
'334*       of  people,  died ;  and  fhaf,"  In  Augujl\  there  was  an  earthquake 
..     at  Ta-tit.     The  Chinefe  hiftorians,  who  cortipoftd  the  fiiftc^f 
^  of  the  T'wen^  or  Mungl  racej  lived  at  thebeginnhag^tlic  dyi 

liafty  of  the  ilf/>25'(E),  who  ruined  that  of  ^the'ra^i?/!.  Thefc 
^  .  :     ;  authors 

dtlc  of  fumot  that  is,  fon  in-  kong,  who  rendered  tfiemfclvcs 

law  of  the  emperor.  GauBiL-^  famous  by  the  fage  advice  which 

This  anfwers  to  the  title  of  Kur  they  gave  the  emperors  of  their 
.£f^  given  to  that  prince  by  the  *  refpeSive  times.  Gamiil, 

oriental  hiilorians,  which  iigni-  (E)  Among  the  C^iV^,  the 

HosJo/t'in'la'W'o/ the  khdf^^  jSee  rule  is,  daily  to  confimit  to  wr>- 

D*Herbeloti   Bibl.  '  orient,    art.  tine  the  aflions  of  their  princes, 

-  Timitr^p,  878.       .   .               .  and  drop  thc-papcrs  into  clbfe 

(D)  The  hiftory  blames  the  chefts,  which  are  neVer  opened 

pnric&JliiwhentemurtZnAmzkes  while  the  family  then  xdgniiig 

■an  odious  comparifon  between  poiTefs  the  empire.     On  the  ac- 

kim  and  Kau  you  and  Chenjo^  cefl^on^.  of  a  new  fax^ilyt  '  the 

^  cbets 

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C.  13.  In  Tartary  and  China.  43 

authors  hare  takeo  great  pains  to  render  this  mperor  oidomTbirteentb. 
on  alt  occafions :  they   have  reprefented  his  faults  in  their  Towhan- 
full  light ;  and  fet  down  all  the  famines,  inundations,  popular  ^cmiir,  w- 
ficknefles,  earthquakes,  falls  of  mountains,  cornet^,   eclipfes,  ^hun-ti. 
and  other  events:  which  they  thought  proper,  to  ihcw,  that^  ■—v^'^ 
TowhoT^temur  ought  not  to  have  been  emperor  ;  and  that 
the  Ming  (or  Ta-nungj  wrefted  the  empire  from  the  Mungls 
with  juftice  **. 

In  OElober  a  queftion  was  decided,  which  had  exercifecl  the  J  point  dr- 
wits  of  .all  the  Chinefe  literati.     Several  empr^fles,  and,  among  «*^<4  - 
the  reft,  Ching-ko,  firft  wife  of  Hayjban^  ^had  no  tablets  in  th^ 
hall  of  anceftors,  near  thofe  of  their  hufbands,  un  ' 
that  they  had  no  children ;  while  princeflcs,  who  w 
fecond  or  third  wives  of  emperors,  were  honoui 
blets,  becaufe  they  had  borne  fons  who  afterwards 
dtle  of  emperor.     The  mothers  of  Hqfbila  znA  7 
their  tablets,  and  were  there  refpefted  as  cmpreflei 
they  lived  in  the  time  of  Ching-Jto,  who  was  the  chief  wife,  a3 
well  as  the  princefs  who  had  the  rank  and  title  of  emprefs. 
Ope  of  the  great  mandarins,  whom  Pe-yen  cpnfulted,  anfwered,  relating  f 
that  C/nng'ko,  altho*  without  iflue,  ought  to  enjoy,  aft^  htitabUts. 
death,  the  honours  of  emprefs  ;  and  that  i(  was  an  indecency 
to  honour  as  empreHes  thofe  who,  in  reality,  were  no  more 
than  concubines.   Another  mandarin,  enemy  to  him  who  fpokc 
in  favour  of  Ching-ko^  cited  the  example  of  Tay-tfong,  empe* 
ror  of  the  Tang  dynafty,  wl^o,  he  faid,  gave  two  of  his  ladies 
the  title  of  emprefs.  ,  The  mandarin,  who  wanted  Ching^ko 
only  to  have  tablets,  no-way  embarafled  with,  the  objeftion, 
infteadpf  flaying  to  confider  the  paflage  of  hiftory  cited  by 
his  adve^ary,  ran  for  another,  to  oppole  it,  as  high  up  as  the 
emperor  )fau  \  afiirming,  that  the  prince  did  not  put  the  ta- 
blet of  nis  jnotl^er  near  th^t  of  Tuko  his  father,  becaufe  the 

^  Gaubil,  hifl.  Gentchis,  p.'ajo,  &feqq. 

cliefts  are  opened,  and  the  hi-  in  them.     It Js  faid,  that  TV- /(^, 

ftory  of  the  preceding  is  com-  father  of  Tau,  had  four  Wives  ; 

piled  from  the  memoirs  foand  biit  'tis  difficult  to  prove  that,  5h 

inclofed  therein.  Altho'  the'caf-  his  tttne,  thei^e  were  tablets  in 

torn  of  havii^  a  palace,  with  the  palace  t>f  ancellors ;    and 

halls,  for  honouring  the  anceftor$  that,  in  caie  there  were,  none  but 

ofpHoceg,  is  as  anticnt  as  the  the  tablet  of  the  firft  wife,  who 

mouarchy  itfclf  j  yet  it  is  not  was  emprefs,  was  placed  near 

cafy  to  fix  the  time  when  the  fe-  his.     The  feries    of  fa£ls   and 

veral  ceremonies  for  that  pur-  limes  before  Tau  is  uncertain, 

pofc  were  fettled,  much  Icfs  of  Gauhil. and,  in  our  opinion, 

the  changes  that  have  been  made  for  many  ages  after. 

mother 

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44  Jctij^  Khan'i  ^ucceprs  fe!  II. 

thirteenth,  mothci*  of  fdu  was  not  an  erhprefs.    E\fery-body  applauded 
Towhan-  this  anJfWer :  Pe^yeri  rewarded  the  mandarin ;  and  thing'h 
temtir,  ^r  had  her  tablet  (et  up  near  that  of  her  hiilband  Hayjhan. 
^Shun-ti.       jj^  J  22^  Satun^  brother  of  Ten-iermt^  died ;  and  &at  death 
5tcaflohed  the  ruin  of  his  illuftribus   and   powerful  family^ 
Tangkijbiy  a  prince  naturally  fiery,  arid  apt  to  fpeak  his  mind. 
Anding  ill  his  uhde^s  places,  of  which  he  expefted  no  fmali 
(hare,  riven  to  Pe-yen,  who,  by  that  njefuis,  became  the  firll 
ford  of  the  court,  <f6mplained  loudly  of  the  injuftice  done 
him ;  ahd.  On  this  o^cafion,  cried  up.thc  fervices  Whfcii  his 
ailcefloi*s  had  done  thfe  empire,  more  than  became  him.  At  the 
fyttit  time  he  ttn  down  Pe-yeh,  laying,  he  was  too  ihconfidcr- 
ible  k  "perhti  fo  be  rifed  fo  high  \  Und,  in  concert  with  Tal" 
y^iiili,  hi$  paternal  uncl6,  took  mcd\ire8  for  fctting  on  Ch^ 
^tont  WJfahg'bo'femiry  fon  of  the  ret)el  prince  Suiki,  thSA 
'     Ih  Tdrtary  m  the  feign  of  tti-pi-tay,    Tafyentali  had  pft(fli 
tefufed  fo 'ol5ey  the  orders  fcnt  him  to  come  to  court,     T*h6 
pldt  A^as  difcovcfed  by  a  prince  of  (he  blood ;  dad  Pe^yeh 
Wks  ebfiiiliiffibricA  fo'feizc  the  confpirators.    Ih  June  Tang'- 
tifbi  conc^cd  ia  troop  biF  foldiert  to  the  caft  erf"  SAang^-tu, 
phefe  the  court  then  Was ;   and,  the  tWrtieth  of  tile  famfe 
itoonth,  dafighed  to  attack  th6  palace   on  all  fides.    "But  Pe- 
yen  prevehted  hiJn,  and'fcSzed  both  him  and  his  Wother  Tar- 
'gay,  Who  Were  then  in  the  palace.     Tangkiftn  waS  kiUed  ifn- 
medidtdy ;  but  Targay  fled,  arid,  trembling,  ran  to  the  chkm- 
*bei-  6i  the  femprrfs  his  fitter.    This  Voungprincrfs  was  firight- 
^d  to  fee  hei-  brother  Wounded,  ahd,  with  t^afs,  b<^iiig  his 
life  of  her.     The  eihprefs,  being  inforined  of  What  hUd  paffed, 
"fought  to  itave  her  brother  :  but  (he  fbu^tlft  Vam;  fof  'pi^- 
ierifly  the  lords  entdred  her  chamber  With  their  Waked  fWord^, 
"dud  flew  him  in  her  prefence, 
Emprefe         Wft£^  Ithey  hatd  ddne  their  WtSrk,  f^-yen  Wdtr  affd  tf- 
put  to       formed  the  emperor^:  who,  ipftead  of  feverely  puniftiing  them 
deaths       for  daring  to  ehtfeVthe-  diainber'of  the  empre(s,with  arms  in 
their  hands,  conftnted  that  Pe-yen  fliould  even  take,  and  put 
'her  to  death,     furfuant  to  this  horriii  permiflion,  that  bloody 
minifter  turned  executioner,  went  direftly  to  the  «mrtincnt 
of  .that  princeTs ;  who»  perceivu^  that  he  came  to  ieixe  her, 
fet  up  a  loud  cry,  and  fell  on  her  knees  before  the  emporor, 
intreating  him  to  (pare  her  Mfe.    The  hard-hearted  hiiiibaiid, 
after  reproaching  her  with  the  revolt  trf  her  linck  tiid  tWo 
'biWthers,  'tdd  her  he  could  not  favfe  her.     Thefe  crtrd  Words 
Were  her 'fentence  6f  death.    Pe-yth  took  her  away,  ltd  hir 
"to  a  houfe  in  a  neighbouring  village,  and  there  fleWher  With 
Vis  oWn  hands.  Tafyentali  defended  hunfelf  the  belt  he  could^; 
-.arid,  after  feveraj'frultlers  efforts  with  the  lords  of  Ms  canTpV 

racy, 

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uJLea^  andkilt^f  the  prince  flew  hunfeif.  Towhan^ 

NbTWjTHSTA,NDiNG  the  rcprefentatioQS  of  the  literati,  a^cmftr,  or 
great  Mungl  lo^d  caufed  the  examination  of  thdr  ord^r  to  be  Sljun-ti, 
fappr^fled.     The  Chtnefe$,  who  every-wherc  tcftified  their  dif-  *«^^~H 
content  ^t  this  proceeding,  fct  themfelves  to  inquire  into  di^//^^*Jj^* 
Kfe  of  that  Ta^ar ;  gnd  fcon  fonnd/aults  enough  in  his  ^^"^^  j^jrj^t^ 
dtift,  to  render  him  fufpefted  by  Pe-yen^  who  thereupon  fent^^ 
^  i^to  baniOyjoiQiit,  ^^^  ^^  4^^  not  loi)g  after. 

Ijj  1337,  troubles  a^ofe  in  theprovihces  of  ^ang^ton,  H(h    A.  D. 
nan^  Se-chwen^  and  the  province  of  Keko^nor,  where  the  people     i  U7* 
appeared  difcpntented  with  Towhan'temir^  and  cenfured  his^^'f*^^' 
conduft.    The  Cfnnefcs  were  forbidden  to  inftruft  the  Mungls,^^/^* 
and  to  I^eep  j^rms.   Mean  time,  the  emperor  dcplared  a  princef^ 
<rf  Hor\g^kUa  cmprefs.    to  May9  a  pomet  appeared,  which  wa$ 
fifible  for  fixty-three  d^ys,  ^d  had  its  coude  bom  the  Pkiadej^ 
to  the  head  of  Scorpio  (F). 

My^CHJRTAT^  youBgeft  brother  of  Pe-yen,  had  the  goo4 
qnalines  of  that  mimller,  without  his  faults  :  he  was  a  good 
genci^l ;  and  eftcemed  by  the  troops.  The  emperor  would 
have  given  him  the  title  of  wang,  or  regulo,  but  he  conftantlju 
declined  it.  As  one  of  Pe-ym's  bad  qualities  was  cruelty,  and 
a  bloody  difpofition,  he  propofed  to  the  emperor  to  have  all 
thpfe  put  to  death,  wbofe  Se-ing  (G)  was  Chang,  f^ang,  lyrw, 
la^  and  Chau,  The  occafion  of  this  barbarous  demand  is  nojc 
mcationed ;  but  it  was  rejefted,  and  drew  on  Pe-yen  an  in- 
^nite  number  of  enemies  ^. 

TO  TO,  fon  of  Machartay,  was  one  of  the  officers  of  the   A.  1>. 
guards ;  and,  by  his  prudent  behaviour,  foon  became  eftcemed     ^34®* 
by  the  emperor,  as  well  as  the  great  men  at  court,  with  whofe, J^^^  *''" 
intrigues  he  was  thoroughly  acquamted.  He  knew  x}^2XTowhan'^^  "  '* 
tem^r  was  grown  fufpicious  of  his  uncle  Pe-yen,  ever  fmce 
Nov,ember  1339;  wh^i  that  lord,  under  a  falfe  pretence,  had 
put  to  death  Che-che-H,  great  graadfon  of  Mengko,  by  Tuhng^ 
tajbe,  his  fourth  fon.     Pe-yen  was  hated  by  all  the  world; 
and  had  an  intoleEajbl^  pride :  for  feme  time  he  weijt  abroad 
with  the  ftate  erf*  a  great  king ;  and  Toto  was  one  day  witnefe  of 
his  pompous  train,  at  a  time  when  that  of  the  emperor  was  very 
moderate.     The  Mungl  monarch  himfelf  obferved  it,  and  wa^ 
pffended.    More  than  this,  he  believed  that  Pe-yen  had  ill  d?-- 

^  Gaubil,  p.  272,  &  feqq. 

(F)  Thi*  Chimfe  maiwier  of      '  (G)   We  thint  this  pa/&ge 

exprcffing  the  courfe  of  the  co-     needs  explanation,  as  much  at 

mec,<ie&i;ves  explanauo^*  ^m^    ^^^  ^s  that  relating  to  tl^e  co- 

^'^*  ,     UW?-  ^     * 

iigns 

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•4*  ]cnj^hKhkn*sSuccejfors'  B/H. 

7hirteenthS\gn%  in  his  head  (H) ;  and  7b/o  knew  for  certain,  thar7<?- 
Towhan-^  ujhari'temAr  intended  to  deftroy  him.  Toto  informed  his  father 
temfir,  or  Machartay  of  what  had  pafled;  and  confulted  U-chi'Vang^  a 
.Shun-ti.  chint^e  litcrato,  inwhom  he  had  much  confidence,  as  having 
^■'*"^^'**'^  been  his  governor.  U-ch^vang  cited  the  paflages,  which  teach. 
That  a  man  mujl  facrijice  his  family  tojufiice  ;  arid  that  a  great 
mandarin  ought  to  have  no  other  ohjeB  in  vi&w^  than  fidelity  to 
the  empire. 
feixi,hit         TOTO^  Who  was  a  lord  of  parts,  having  found  a  favourable 
uncle,        opportunity  to  fpeak  to  the  emperor,  fell  on  his  knees,  and 
{aid.  That  he  renounced  his  family  to  ferve  his  maje/ly,     To" 
ivhan-temur,  who  believed  there'was  diflimulation  in  his  words, 
pretended  not  to  underftand  his  meaning.     Moft  of  the  lords 
who  were  4bout  the  emperor  were  creatures  of  Pe-yen.     Shi- 
kyay  and  AlH  were  almoft  the  only  two  With  whom  he  durft 
intrufl  a  fecret.    Thefe  he  ordered  to  found  the  fidelity  of 
Toto,  whofe  motions  they  narrowly  *  infpefted ;   and  then  ac- 
quainted his  majefty,  that  they  would  anfwer  for  his  integrity. 
Hereupon  Towhan-temur  fent  for  Totb,  and  fhed  tears  while  he 
fpoke  to  him  of  his  uncle's  behaviour.   After  this  Toto  and  Shi- 
kyay^  having  become  intimate  friends,  refolved  to  feize  Pe-yen; 
which  they  did,  with  the  emperor's  approbation,  in  the  follow- 
ing manner. 
i^c-ycn'/        TOTO  placed  new  guards  in  all  the  pofts,  arid  augmented 
death.       the  number  of  them ;  ordering  them  to  give  him  an  exaft  ac- 
count of  all  Who  either  entered  or  went  out.     Pe-yen  was  fur- 
.     prized  to  fee  the  guard  reinforced,  without  having  had  notice 
of  ir,  as  great  general ;  and,  on  that  occafion,  chid  his*  nephew : 
who  anfwered,  boldly,    "  That  too  good  a  guard  could  not 
^      "be  kept  in  the  palace  where  was  the  emperor.**    On  thefe 
words,  Pe-yen  thought  fit  to  ftrengthen  his  own  guard ;  and 
concluded,  that  he  could  not  depend  on  Toto,     After  this,  Pe* 
yen  acquainted  the  guards,  that  he  wanted  to  fpeak  to  his  ma- 
jefty :  they  afked  what  his  bufinefs  was ;  and  underftanding 
that  it  was  to  invite  him  to  a  hunting,  Toto  difluaded  the  em- 
peror ;  fo  that  Pe-yen  repeated  his  inftances  in  vain.    Towhan^ 
temUr  ordered  Yentye-kotfe  to  encamp  without  the  city :  at  the 
fame  time,  Pe-yen  heard,  with  aftonifhment,  that  Toto  and 
Shi-kyay  had  caufed  the  city  gates  to  be  (hut,  and  kept  the 
keys,  after  porting  troops,  devoted  to  them,  in  all  the  quarters 
of  Tati^.     At  night  thofe  two  lords  advifed  the  emperor  to 
change  his  apartment ;  and  made  prince  Tentye-kotfe  to  return 
into  the  city.  They  Ordered  Pe-yen  to  be  watched ;  and,  in  Fe- 

(H)  Pe-yen  was  accufcd  of  a    peror  or  killing  him,  and  fetting 
dcugn  either  of  feizing  the  em«    another  on  the  tlirone.  GaubiL 

bruary. 

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C\  rj.  In  Tsirtary  and  China.   ',  47 

hrmry^  on  the  day  named  IS-iay,  all  the  tides  and  pUxxs^THrtutttL 
which  that  mimfter  had  at  court,  were  taken  £rom  hun ;  andTowhan- 
he  was  ordered  to  fet  out  for  Ho-nan^  there  to  exerdie  the*«"^»  f 
office  of  a  mandarin.    He  dcfigned,  brfore  he  went,  to  falute  S^^-*>* 
the  emperor,  which  wa^'refufed  him;  and,  when  he  was  on ^ 
the  road,  a  iecond  order  overtook  him,  to  let  him  know,  thai 
he  was  banifhed.    After  this,  he  continued  his  journey :  but 
fell  iick  near  Nau'chang-fA^  capital  of  Kytmg-Ji,  where  he  dled^ 
hated  by  all  the  great  men,  as  well  as  the  pebple  (I). 

Upon  this  chagge,  75?/^,   and  his  father  Machartay^  ^^'^jiffmrs  ai 
new  employments ;  but  the  latter  ftill  refufed  the  tide  of  vang,  court. 
and  even  diat  of  targhan,  or  tarkan,  which  implies  beuig  ex-    . 
cmpt  from  impofts  and  farvice.    However,  the  change  ot  mi- 
zuffary  went  no  farther :  public  notice  was  given  the  mandarins, 
that  they  had  nothing  to  fear,  and  would  be  continued  in  their 
employments.  In  Jtme,  Towhan'tem^rhdngztSiang'ti,  caufed 
a  manifefto  to  be  publiihed  through  the  empire :  wherein  he 
fet  foi:th  all  which  the  emperor  T4tem£r  and  the  emprefs  Ptau" 
Jbeli  had  done  agdnft  Hojbila  and  the  emprefs  Pap^Jba  t  he 
tomf^ned  bitterly,  for  that  they  had  exiled  him,  without 
havii^  committed  any  ofience ;  and  endeavoured  to  makie  him 
pafr  for  the  fon  of  another  perfon  than  Hojbila.    After  this, 
he  deprived  Pi/Ztf/J^fi  of  the  tide  of  emprefs  grandmother,  and 
bamfliedhcr;  which  treatment  fhe  did  not  long  furvive.  Prince 
Tentye-kotfe  was  ordered  to  depart  for  Korea :  he  fet  out  ac- 
cordingly 5  but  was  killed  on  the  way  (K).    The  tablet  oi  7Vi- 
tenUur  was  taken  out  of  the  temple  of  anceftors ;  many  of  the 
mandarins,  put  m  by  him,  were  difcharged ;   and  feveral  of 
the  lords  punifhed;  who  had  ferved  him.    In  Auguji^  Ttnvhari'  ^ 
tem&r  returned  to  Tat4\  and,  in  December ,  re-eftabliftied  the^^^^^^* 
examination  of  the  literati  ^.  Jlored.  " 

In  1342,  the  famine  was  fo  great,  that  the  people  ate  hu-    A.  D. 
man  fldh  (L)*    Two  or  three  leagues  to  the  north  of  the    134J.  . 

•*  Gavbil,  p.  276,  &  fcqq, 

(T)  When  he  came  to  Ching^        (K).  Ten-tye-ku't/ehAd  been, at 

^i'fit  he  afkcd  feme  old  men,  firft  declared  prince  inheritor  by 

who  prefcnted  him  wine,  if  they  Toiufhan-temur.  The  death  of  that 

had  heard  the  afBiir  of  a  fon  prince  is  the  only  thing  which 

who  would  have  killed  his  fa-  the  hidory  reproaches  the  em- 

ther  ?  allading  to  what  Toto  )iad  peror  with,in  what  he  did  ^gainfl 

done :   one  of  them  anfwered,  Tutajheli  and  Tutemur;   Gduhil. 
They  had  not  {   bat  that  they        (L)  The  hiilory  mentions,  for 

heard  there  were  fubje^s  who  the  reafon  before  recited^eclipfet 

woald  have  killed  their  fov^-  of  the  fun,  which  happened  in 

reign.    GauiU.  .  Auguft  and  O^obir.    GaubiL 

bridge     t 

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4^        ^         J^nskfiff^W^§imffm  .]Mt 

Mr9]K4..  Jfi  JT^fiif^fJ^  tl¥^  year,  r^^j,  fon  9^  #yfea|f, 
and  P^,  as  l^(^§;^^  -a^tl^^sig^f  A}f  fif^  ^ap\<ffa)fej  tgf 

^S4^  iimj^9f^v^  ^^  W(Jp  the  ^gfr^  t^  ygax;,  ^9!tt.l|b» 

^W«J:^to»iSs;.  iMMl  tfe?  bppff  ^  ^  $)FA  ^  F8P?  wl*^?! 

A.  D.       Mf/iPfli^V,  ^  $h^  tl^gk^^  of  %  feijjn,  C(^n|aanded  tji^ 

Hi/lories   ffe.JJs8Wi(e,  ^ijf^  jijie:  ^ftnji^9i?i  ojf  t^  *Si)«g  dyqafty,  gave  ^ 
Jimjhed.    ijriaiQtfete  CPlRgftf  jfee  Wftwry  pf  the  ^^^^y ;  but,  x}Oftwitl?ftan^- 

iog  fte  ,wters  ,oMi»§  m^^*  ^  W  ,fefiCf4Pf §^  dmfe  hjftow? 

ijWrQ  R9t  finiftiert.  JBeroRpof^  ki  j  ^43,  ?V«>^  ioft  9t  U(i^jirty[ ; 

Urtfi.y  aod  Q^ef  ftJWe  dpftqr$ ;  w^c  agpijifc^  for  ih|s  gr^^ 
work ;  vl^ich  \|E4s,  ^t  leogth,  cofiipl^^i  W^der  T'o-wia^^t^^^, 

"what  is  well  executed  in  them,  is  ow]^gi;^tbe  labour  cKt^^f^ 
jfccwu/'  ofytms-;^^*  Ip  feW%  Wrk,  befuie?  tijc  annals  of  th«  cpip^prs 
thwf.  IsdPQgiQg  tJ>  tte  tk^  dy^^ftj^t  jChere.^^efeparate  rfiaptf^St 
which  contain  the  feveral  kalendars,  and  auronomical  methods, 
with  the  aftronomipal  qj^fervations  ^f  tj^f  ni^thematical  tribu- 
nal. There  is  likewife  an  ample  catalogue  of  the  great  men  of 
the  Fflfpeftwe  dyii«i3to,  wth  ajconcjfe  ^cciwn*;  of  what  tljey 
Ji^ave  done ;  and  it  is  there  yoti  t^eet  with  the  :WQd&$  whicb  tfaft 
learned  of  the  time  have  compo^.  The.  authors  ha\?e  thcie 
inferted  what  they  knew  rf  fgreigii  geography ;  and  there  you 
f  nd  defcriptipn?  of  the  countries  fiibjeft  6r  tributary  to  die 
ptinees,  w;hpfe  hlftory  is  fet  forth.     The  hiftoiy  of  die  Song 

(M)  A  Cew  leagues  to  the  weft    ^Kf^/^JA  to  be  unifefftDod*  (?««• 

(N)  By  which,  without  donbt»        (0)  'XiM&^sA:  Chang<ha^  la 

Hv-qtiang,    GauHi* 

hath^ 

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G,  ig.  Tn  Tattary  HM  Chinz.  49 

hath,  befi(tes  thofe  accompaniments,  a  kind  of  Chinefe  h\kiio^7lnrtientk* 
thcque,  where  the  books  cdmpofed  in  China^  on  aU  forts  of  Towhon- 
fubjcftsj  are  divided  into  clkffes  (P).     'Ti^  from  thefe  three  hi- 1«»^  f 
ftories,  that  the  Nyen-i-tfe  and  Tfu-pyen^  inferted  in  the  Tbng-^^^^^*^ 
hyen-kang-mA^  have  taken  the  greater  part  of  what  they  relate^   «-v""*^ 
lonceming  the  dynafties  of  the  Lyau^  jfSn,  and  Song. 
'   In  Odlober  this  year,  the  emperor  Tcrwhan-temir  went  to  ^Ancefttrs 
palace  of  anceftors,  to  honour  the  princes  of  his  family :  bvitbmmnd. 
when  he  was  before  the  tablfet  of  Ning-t/bng  (or  IHn-chipan)^ 
his  youngeft  brother,  he  made  a  difficulty  to  kneel.    Here** 
upon  the  great  Chinefe  mandarins  allied  the  example  of  tl^ 
two  brothers  Hi  and  Min  ( QJ,  counts  of  the  country  of  Irf, 
in  Shan-tmg\   faying,  that  Hi^  though  the  elder,  did  not 
fcruplc  to  perform  the  ceremony  to  Min^  who  reigned  beford 
him.     To  fupport  this  pailage  of  hiftory,  another  mandariii 
reafoned'thus ;  Tour  majejiy  was  no  more  than  afuijeSi^  whtri 
your  brother  was  emperor  i  noWf  afubjeSl  ought  to  kneel  before 
Usfovereign.     Tvwhan-teml^r^  objeftion  being  thus  removed, 
he  fell  on  his  knees,  and  honoured  his  brother  Ning-tfong^  by 
nine  beats  with  the  head. 

In  May  1344,  Toto  was  honoured  ^th  the  title  of  r^[ulo$Toto>i««& 
and  AIM,  the  fourth  defcendant  from  Po-eul-chA,  or  Porji^ntang. 
one  of  Jenghtz  Khdn's  four  intrepids,  propofed  by  him  to  fill 
his  place  of  minifter.    In  the  fame  month  next  year,  died    A.  D. 
Nau^nau,  fon  of  P4'h4-chi9  of  Kangli  (often  mentioDfid  be-    «34S« 
fcre),  much  r^etied  by  the  emperor ;  who  highly  efteemed 
him,  and  was  not  offended  at  his  frequent  admonitions  to  love 
virtue,  and  govern  by  himfelf.    He  pafled  for  a  man  of  great 
virtue,  and  was  withal  one  of  the  moft  learned  doftors  of  the 
empire.    He  had  likewife  a  younger  brother,  named  Whey^-^ 
whey,  or  the  Mohammedan,  who  was  a  perfon  of  great  abi^ 
lities; 

In  1346,  Perku-piwha,  fon  of  the  mlnifter  A^-tay,  GslnHisfktiet 
by  order  of  the  emperor  Hayfhan,  having  lodged  an  zctafsL^ban^ed. 
don  againft  the  great  general  Machartay ;  Towhan-temAr  ba- 
nifhed  that  officer  to  Si-ningy  a  city  o(  Shen-fi  (at  the  end  of 
the  great  wall) :  and  Toto^  having  in  vain  endeavoured  to  Ward 
off  die  blow,  followed  his  father.  The  general  being,  by  a 
(bcond  order,  exiled  to  Sa-fe^  in  the  weft,  a  lord  of  the  coun- 
try of  Tirfdn^  a  great  mandarin,  exclaimed  againft  thofe  who 
thus  maltreated  a  great  lord  of  merit,  inncH:ent  of  the  crime 

(P)  The  author  forbears  men-  (  Q^)   Two   of  the  tw.elve 

toning  an  infinite  number  of  princes  of  Z«,    whofe    annals 

other  articles  treated  of  in  thofe  Kwfufius  has  Written,  intituled, 

diree  hiftones;  becaufe  he  de-  Qhun-tfyew.    Gaubil* 
figns  tafpeak  of  them  ehe»rhtre^ 

Mo0- HwT- Vol.  V,  D                          laid 


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5f>  Jenghi2  Khin'i  Suc^effirs  B.  IL 

fkirtifnii^.bid  tcf  his  charge :  hereupon  Machart^^  was  ordered  to  live  at 
iTowhan-  Kan-chew^   in  Shen-Jiy   where  he  foon  ^ter  died.     But  the 
tcmiir,  or  world  did  him  juftice :  every  body  was  perfuaded  of  PerM* 
SkoB-ti.  ^-tt/Aa's  malice,  MacAar/ixy's  virtue,  and  the  emperor's  weak* 
•'^^/^  ^nefs«. 
A.  D.        In  1348,  Kya-lif  native  rf  Kau-ping,  in  Shan-Ji,  who  kne^ 
1^8.    fixnethii^^  of  geometry  and  kvellii^  was  fent  to  examine  the- 
Whanp-   courfe  of  the  Whang-ho^  and  its  antient  bed,  in  Pe-ffjC'U.     He 
^prye^.  made  a  map  of  it,  accompanied  with  a  di(a>ttrfe ;  wherdn  he 
propofed  railing  banks  along  that  river,  and  turning  it  into  a 
new  channel.   Kya^A  was  fupported  by  (bme  great  lords  ;  and 
had  infpeAion  over  the  tribunals  which  were  eredled  f<»r  carry-' 
mg  on  of  public  works.     We  fhaU  fee  hereafter  what  were  the 
,  coc^equences  of  this  projeft.    In  Augufif  Tu'chi,  one  of  the 
Bioft  renowned  doftors  of  the  empire,  died,  at  Li-ckwen,  ia 
the  diftrid  of  FA-chew^  in  Kyang-fi,  his  native  Goontry :  he 
bad  a  tronfiderable  hand  in  the  work,  intituled^  lOngrcAi'ta^ 
tytn.    In  1333,  Md'tfi^hang^  a  great  mandarin,  ori^oally  of 
5ie  weft  of  J(ia^  gave  out,  that  Yu-chl  was  the  parfon  who 
had  written  an  ediA  of  Titemilr ;  wher^  that  prince  related 
what  he  bad  faid  touchif^  the  birth  of  Towban-t^n^r.   Tw^hi^ 
ttpon  this  afperfion  of  his  enemy,  retired,  of  his  own  accord  ^ 
and  although  the  emperor  invited  him  toreturn»  he  sdways  do- 
elined  it. 
Thi  JttfjBf-      In  November  this  year,  a  great  lord»  following  the  example 
fters  cor-   q£  thofe  who,  in  all  timesy  have  hazstfded  both  tbdr  eftates 
ruff.         and  lives,  to  tell  the  emperors  their  faults,  laid  befcire  7i- 
^haH'temir  the  evils  wWch  the  empire  fufiercd :   he  com- 
plained, that  the  mifdemeanors  of  the  great  men  were  not  pu- 
nlihed ;  and  affirmed,  that  fuch  u^^l^  would  ruin  the  em* 
pire :  he  reminded  him  of  the  crimes  of  Pe-yen  the  Merkit^ 
and  faid,  it  was  a  fcandal  to  fee  ftill  at  court  bis  brothers,  fons^ 
ahdgrandfons.   Another  mandarin  prayed  the  emperor,  to  de- 
prive his  wlie,  the  princefs  Air,  who  came  from  Korea^  of  the 
honour  and  title  of  emp^,  which  he  had  given  her,  although 
the  emprefs,  princefe  of  Hongkila^  was  ftill  Irving  (R) ;  allegbg, 
io  fupport  of  what  he  demanded,,  a  writii^  of  Hi^^lay^  la 
which  he  took  aa  oath,  never  to  contraft  affinity  with  the  Ko^ 
.  TMins.    The  emperor  was  paffionately  fond  of  the  princefs  Ajf, 
who  Was^motlier  of  the  prince  whom  he  deftgned  for  his  heir ;. 

•  GatVbil,  p.  278,  &  feq<i, 

(R)  7o^han'tem^  liad  three  paid  no  regard  to  the  order  of 
i^ives,  who,  at  the  fame  time,  ^utemur^  not  to  give  chat  title  to 
bore  the  tide  of  emprefs  i  and    more  than  one  wife.    Gaubil, 

wheres^ 


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C.  1$.  Im  Tm^tf  dmt  Oik».  51 

whereas  the  chUdreri  which  he  had  by  the  priaceTs  of  Hong^fhirteenttf^ 
kik  were  all  dead.  In  effbft,  he  rejefted  the  petitions  of  both  Towhan- 
mandarins.  tcm^r,  or 

iH  1349,  Tay-ping,  a  lord  of  great  wifdom,  moderation,  ^^°1^'' 
and  int^ity,  was  ^t  the  head  of  affairs ;  and,  as  he  could  not  jD,^\i[ 
bear  to  tee  innocence  opprefled,  he,  in  fpite  of  the  difficulties  ^^^^^ 
ilfhich  lay  in  the  way,  demanded,  and  obtained,  the  recall  of 
Trto.  Thk  prince,  on  his  return,  was  reflored  to  his  place  of 
minifler ;  and,  not  knowing  that  he  owed  his  good  fortune  to 
Tay-ping^  who  made  no  mention  to  him  of  the  fervice  he  had 
.  done  him,  joined  with  that  lofd's  enemies  in  an  accufatioil 
againft  him.  Tay-ping  "wzs  hereupon  turned  out  of  place) 
and  his  accufers  were  going  to  pufli  their  malice  farther^ 
when  Toto^s  mother  threatened  to  renounce  him,  if  he  did  not 
defift ;  tellii^  him,  that  Tay-ping  was  not  culpable,  and  that 
he  had  dofie  him  no  injury.  7o/9,  who  lored  his  mother  ten** 
derk,  and  did  not  care  to  gtre  her  any  uneafinefs,  ceafed  to 
protecute  that  lord.  Some  time  after  this,  Toto  came  to  know  the 
ebligadons  which  he  had  to  Tay^pingf  aad  was  extremely  forry 
that  he  had  done  fo  much  injury  to  his  benefactor.  A  friend  o^ 
Toy 'ping  having  advifed  him  to  kill  himfelf ;  he  anfwered,  / 
bave  committed  no  fault :  for  the  to  kHl  myfelf  'would  be  to  c^rt- 
fefs  myfe^gtdlty ;  let  us  leave  the  matter  to  heaven  (S).  Here* 
upoo  he  retired,  with  his  family,  to  Si-gar.  fi^  mShen-Ji. 

Towhan*temAr  bdng  defirous  that  his  u>n  ihould  learn  the  7"^  pffnce 
Chinefe  charaders  and  literature.  Toto^  who  Was  well  (killed  in^**'^^ 
both,  was  {Htched  on  to  cfireft  the  education  of  the  young 
prince;  and  U-hau'wen  was  appdnted  his  pr^eptor.   Som^ 
lamas  werd,  at  the  fame  dme,  chofen,  to  inftruA  tte  prince  in 
the  do^ine  and  books  of  Fo.     Li-hau-wen  took  much  painj 
with  his  pupa :  he  made  an  i(bridgment  of  the  Chinefe  hiilory 
to  his  own  time,  and  of  the  claffic  books ;  with  reflections  on 
the  caiifes  of  the  ruin  of  dynafties,  and  other  remarks,  in  the 
Chinefe  tafte,  proper  to  form  a  prince  for  government.   But  hi* 
ichoiar  had  no  indination  for  the  fciences ;  and  Was  much  taken 
with  the  worfhip  of  Fo  (T).    He  was  an  enemy  to  pains ; .  and  to  Chlneft 
the  ftudy  of  the  Chinefe  bo^  required  a  great  deal  oi  appllca-/ifiir»i»^* 
don.     All  that  his  preceptor  uttered,  appeared  to  him  obicurei 

(S]    He  fpeaks  here  of  the  of  a  different  eharaCler  from  Ay* 

emperor,  whom  the  Chinefe  call  yetujhilitata,  the  prince  inhemtof 

^^Sonofhean^en.  They  believe  mentioned  hereafter,  page  58  1 

.  that  his  power  comes  from  hea-  but,  for  want  of  the  name  of 

veil;  and  that  his  orders  ought  the  prmce  mentioned  here,  we 

to  be  obeyed  like  thofe  of  hea-  cannot  pretend  to  determine  th« 

yen.    Gauhil,  point. 

iT )  This  prince  feems  to  be  , 

Da  ^uU 

•  Digitized  by  VjOOQI^ 


52  Jcnghiz  KhanV  Suectffhrs-  R  IT. 

thirteenth,  full  of  empty  words,  and  very  unprofitable    One  day  he  faSd, 
Towhan-  in  Li-hau-wen's  prdence^  "  That  he  did  not  yet  underftand 
temur,  or  «  any  thing  which  he  had  explained  to  him ;  whereas,  in  one 
Shun^u.  a  night's  time,  he  had  comprehended  the  whole  doftrine  of 
\^^^^T~^ ««  Fo."    Thefe  words  fet  all  the  literati  and  Cbine/e  doCtors 
againft  the  prince,  of  whom  th^  ever  had  but  a  contemptiMa 
opinion  j  judging  him  not  fit  to  govem,their  country :  becaufcr 
he  either  would  not,  or  could  not,  underftand  the  books,  which, 
according  to  them,  are  fo  proper  to  teach  the  art  of  governing 
well^      ,, 
Jrhitrary      AMJ'2iTiA  Sive-fwe^  two  brothers,  natives  of  the  country 
fr9ceeding*oi  Kangli,  were  at  this  time  very  powerful  at  court;   and, 
though  remarkable  for  their  diforderly  courfes,  had  free  accefs 
to  the  palace  of  the  emprefs  JG,  which  they  were  continually 
going  to.   The  cenfors  of  the  empire,  and  the  Chinefe  grandees, 
exclaimed  againft  fuch  liberties ;  and  two  of  them  made  their 
complaints  of  it  to*  the  emperor.     Amay  upon  this,  by  artful 
ftories,  ftirred  up  the  refentment  of  the  emprefs ;  who  com- 
plained to  Towhan'temiry  requiring,  that  he  would  punifti  the 
two  mandarins,  as  calumniators,  who  endeavoured  to  ft^n  her 
reputation.     The  emperor,  enraged  at  what  he  had  heard,  ba- 
nifhed  the  mandarins,  one  of  whom  died  in  the  place  of  his- 
exilow     This  tonduft  appeared  tyrannical  to  the  ChinefeSj  fince 
the  mandarins  had  done  no  more  than  their  duty.     j4may  who^ 
befides  many  other  bad  qualities,  was  exceffively  lewd,  appeared 
to  them  to  be  the  perfon  who  contributed  moft  to  corrupt  the 
emperor,  whom  they  faw  devoted  to  the  moft  enormous  de- 
baucheries, and  iptirely  to  negleft  affairs  of  government ;  placing 
all  his  confidence  in  men  of  diilblute  morals^  and  without  either 
honour  or  capacity. 
7he  In  1351,  the  refolutions  taken  "mth  regard  to  the  new 

Whang-  courfe  propofed  to  be  given  the  Whang-ho  (U),  ox  yellow  river^ 
Yiofrojea  confiderably  augmented  the  troubles  and  difcontent.  Kya-Uiy 
fupported  by  TotOy  as  hath  beai  already  mentioned,  had  per- 
fuaded  the  emperor  to  make  that  river  pafs,  as  formerly,  through 
the  country  of  Tay-ming-ft^y  in  Perche^liy  and  fall  into  the  fear 
of  Tyen-tfin-wey.  Mean  time  Cheng'tfuny  prefident  of  the  tri- 
bunal of -public  works,  with  the  mathematicians  of  Kay-fong- 
fity  in  Ho-nan,  went  to  Tay-ming-ft^y  and  other  places  in  Pe* 
che4iy  to  examine  the  ground ;  and,  after  taking,  the  level  of 

^  Gavbil,  p.  281,  &  feqq. 

(0)  On  this  occafion,  our  au-    Whang-hoy  ox  yellow  river,  has 
thor  Gaubil  gives  an  account,     Aiffered  in  its  courfe,  from  the 
from    the   Chit.efe  authors,    of    earlieil  times, 
fhe  feveral  changes  which  the 

it. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


C  X5-  /» TarUiy  and  China^  53 

ky  affinned,  that  to  dear  the  old  channel  was  impra^cable ;  Tbirteentb. 

that  it  would  require  too  grc^t  an  e](pence ;  and  that  Shan-  Towhaa- 

tong  would  te  ruined.    All  forts  of  means  were  tried  to  prc-^^™^>  ^ 

vail  with  the  prefid^t  to  change  his  opinion ;  but  he  an-  ^han-ti. 

fwered,  ^t  be  w»uld  rather  die  than  fpeak  contrary  to  his  ^  '^^7^ 

judgm^t  in  a  B>atter  of  fo  much  importance  to  the  Public,  ^^'^y*' 

Cheng-tfuH  was  hereupon  difinifled,  and  his  place  given  to     '^^  ^^' 

Kya-I&^  whofe  advice  was  followed ;  and  to  the  titles  of  his 

patron  s  Toto^  was  added  that  of  targhan  b. 

.    The  works,  which  were  made  for  turning  the  Whang-ho^ 

ruined  an  infinite  number  of  people^  and  caused  new  taxes  to 

be  impoied ;  while  the  peafants  could  not  bear  to  lee  their 

lands  taken  away,  and  themfelves  tranfplaoted  elfewhere.   The 

difcontent  becoming  general,  difierent  chiefs  of  parties  in  every 

province  ftirred  up  the  people ;  fo  that  the  mandarins  were 

^eady  embarrafled. 

.    HAN'S  HA  N-TONC,  born  m  the  diftriftof  C^V/m^-Han- 

fi  ^\xiPe-'{:bc'li\  who  had  been  banifhed,  for  his  mifdeeds,fl>an-tong  ^ 

into  Shan-tQng ;  taking  advantage  of  the  troubled  ftate  of ^^ 

things,  pi^evailed  on  great  numba^  of  people  to  rebel,  in  Sharf- 

tong^  Ho-nan^  and  Kyang-nan.    They  made  him  pafs  for  a 

defcendant  of  Whey-tfong^  eighth  emperor  of  the  ^o^ ;  and 

took  an  oath  to  obey  lum,  iacrificing  an  horfe,  and  a  black 

ox.    Thoie  concerned  in  this  aflbciation  were  diltinguiftied  by 

a  red  cap.     The  mandarins  found  means  to  feize  Han-Jhan^ 

tong;  but  his  w^  and  children  efcaped.     Lyew-fA-tong  alfo,Lyew-fa- 

an  intrepid  man,  who  fuppprted  Han-Jb^n-tong^  dn  May^  ap-^®'*8''*^A 

peared  in  the  ftdd,  near  Fong^yang-fif  in  Kyang-nan.    He 

was  prefently  joined  by  more  than  100,000  men,  and  fortified 

himfelf  in  the  diftrifts  oi  Nan-yang-fA  and  Ju*ning-fll,  in  Ho- 

rum.    At  the  fame  jitnQure,  a.  pirate,  named  Fang-que-cben^ 

fcoared  the  coafts  of  Cheeky ang  and  Kyang-nariy  with  a  great 

tet,  entered  the  rivers,  plundered  the  towns  and  villages,  and 

mined  trad^.    One  of  his  defigns  was,  to  hinder  the  tranf- 

portation  of  com,  rice,  and  merchandizes,  to  the  court.   The 

armies  £uit  firft  agamft  Fang-que-chen  were  deftroyed,  and  their 

generals  taken  prifoners*   After  tlus,  tlie  pirate  making  a  (ham 

accommodation,   the  great  mandarins  concealed  his  revolt  t 

they  even  caufed  tides  of  honour,  and  employments,  to  be 

^en  to  him  and  his  brothers.  Mean  time,  the  rebel  kept  th^ 

ports  continually  blocked  up ;  and  did,  with  impunity,  whatf 

ever  he  pleafed,  for  want  of  hpneft  captains  and  foldiers  to  op<» 

poichiiQatfea. 

f  Gavbiw  .p«  Z^\*  ^  fcqq«  ^  Se^  before* 

P  3  Th8 

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54  Jenghiz  Khan'^  Succeprs  B.  II. 

fhitteenth.     The  cmpCTOT  having,  on  his  return  from  Ta-ti^  m  Augu/l, 
Towhan-  oxiiatiTefyen-tem&ry  brother  of  TotOy  to  aflfembie  the  troops, 
temftr,  «r  and  march  againft  Lyew-fA-tongy  that  general  retook  feveral 
Shan-ti.  places  in  Ho^-nan^  and  put  to  death  fome  rcbek/j  but,  in  rea- 
^^^~^|ity,  Lyrw'ftt-tong's  party  grew  in  ftrength.     In  OEkher  TfH' 
chew-       cbew'whey  took  arms  in  BA^uang^  and  caufed  himfelf  to  be 
vhey       proclaimed  emperor  at  JG-JM-iy  in  the  diftrift  of  Hm^-chew* 
fi.    He  gave  a  napie  to  the  dynafty  which  he  propofed  .to 
found :  and  the  year  1351  is  fet  down,  in  the  hiftory,  for  th«j 
firft  of  his  reign.    In  November  ^  comet  appeared,  whofe  tail 
pointed  towards  the  weft :  on  which  occafion  it  was  indnflri- 
oufly  reported  throughout  the  empire,  that  heaven,  by  feveral 
vifible  marks,  n^ade  known,  that  it  would  take  the  empire  from 
Tc^han-temfir ;  and  the  hiftcM-y  relates  the  fuperftitious  reflec- 
tions which  were  made  upon  the  appearance  of  this  comet. 
froelaimd     ^^   135Z  Tfit-chew-whey  took  Han-yang  and  Fi-chang 'm 
0mperor,    JJA-quatig ;   and,  after  having  feized  other  pofts  of  import** 
A.  D.      ance,  caufed  a  fleet  to  be  fitted  out,  and  undertook  the  fieg^ 
135?'       of  Kyew'kyang'ftiy  on  the  Grand  Kyang.     WhetW  through 
frcachery,  cowardice,  or  difguft  with  Tcmhan-temir^s  fervice, 
a  great  number  of  Tatar  mandarins  in  Hi-quang  and  Kyang^ 
fi  fled  '^t  the  approach  of  the  Chmefes  ;  and  PohtenAry  gene- 
ral of  a  great  body  of  troops  which  encamped  along  the  Kyang^ 
abandoned  his  poft,  with  his  Munglsy  who  difperfed  merely  for 
fipar  of  Xfii'chew'wbey :  thefe  things  pafled  in  the  firft  months 
of  the  year.  On  this  occafion  Li-fiy  a  Chinefe  grandee  of  Fong^ 
yang-fi  in  Kyang-imfiiy  fet  the  Mungls  a  fine  example  of  fide-? 
lity  to  theirfovereign  :  he  fcnt  couriers  to  all  the  neighbouring 
Tillages,  to  cut  ofF  the  retreat  of  Polotemur's  foj^cies,  and  oblige 
them  to  do  their  duty.   Yejyen-temiry  a  Tatar  officer,  feconded 
iiyjj  \  and,  having  joined  their  troops,  defeated  a  detachment  of 
*t'/i'slfew^hey*s  army,  confifting  of  20,000  men.     After  this, 
jj'fi  prdered  a  great  number  of  trees  to  be  cut  doxvn,  and  tq 
be  thrown,  tied  together,  into  the  Kyang,  to  hinder  the  paflage 
ff  the  rebel  fleet :  which,  coming  down  the  river  foo.n  after  in 
fuU  fail,  met.  with  this  unexpefted  bbftacle ;  fo  that  they  could 
neither  approach  Kyew-iyang-ffiy  nor  efcape  the  fiery  arrows, 
which,  Ihot  by  Li-ft's  trpops,  burnt  feveral  barks  K 
Glorious        While  X^/2  was  fozealoufly  employed  to  ferve  Towhany 
hhan;i'     ternary  the  general  T^kyenptnvha  fled  out  of  the  cky  by  the 
9ur*  nojrth  gate.   Mpft  of  the  Tatar  officers  foHpwcd  his  per^ciout 

example ;  and  the  army-  of  7f^chev>-whey  wer^  prepanog  to 
enter  Kyew-kyang-fA.  Upon  this,  Li-fAy  taking  w^hat  troops 
(e^5L\n^  fajthful,  and  with  pne  of  his  nephews,  vfho  was.  aU 

\  pAUBiL^ybi  fup.  p;  1^85,  ^  C^qq, 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


C  tj.  '     h  Taitary  4md  ChimI  55 

ways  near  him,  mounted  the  ramparts,  to  prevent  any  imjitriitShhttentb. 
The  enemy  firft  burnt  the  weft  gate ;  th^m  came  to  attack  thel'ow^n- 
eaftcm;   and,  fpte  of  all  Li^'s  efibi^,   entered  the  cinr.^^*  f^ 
That  brave  man  ftill  defended  himfelf  in  the  fhx»ts  on  horfc-  ^^:^' 
back;  but,  wanting  forces,  he  called  out  aloud.  Kill  me,  but^^^^ 
/pare  the  inhabitants :  at  theie  words  he  and  his  nephew  were 
ctit  to  jneces.   The  citizens  lamented  his  death  ;  and  Towban^ 
tendr  conferred  great  titles  <^  honour  on  him.     U-fA  was 
one  of  the  principal  mandarins  oi  Kyew^kyang-fb^  and  th^ 
annals  of  that  city  have  ranked  him  among  the  moft  iUuftrious 
of  its  governors. 

T«is  year  there  happened  an  extraordinary  earthquake  at^«*ff^«- 
Lmg'fi  in  Shen-ft^  which  felt  its  (hocks  for  one  hundred  Azy^^^"^^^^** 
fucceiOSvely.  Bones  were  alfo  found  nine  or  ten  feet  long,  whofe 
antiquity  could  not  be  determined.    At  the  beginning  oS  the 
year  900,000  fouls  perilhed  by&mineand  ficknefs  (W).   The 
^nperor  ordered  likewife,  that  employments  fliould  be  given, 
in  the  tribunals,  to  the  Cbinefes  in  the  provinces  fbuth  of  the 
Kyang%  who  generally,  till  then,  were  preferred  to  places  which 
only  concerned  commerce  and  Uterature.    His  majefty,  about  J^i^AjAr* 
the  lame  ^imc,  heard  with  great  concern  of  the  death  of  ge-c^/j/W. 
neral  Tay^puwha^  who  waaflain  by  the  troops  d  Fan^que'cben^ 
on  the  cc«ft  of  Che-kyang ;  being  led,  by  a  relation  of  that 
pirate,  into  the  fnare  unawares  :  but,  when  he  percdved  that 
he  was  betrayed,  he  flew  the  traitor,  with  others  whom  he 
difhnfted  ;  and  then,  being  furrouhd^  on  all  fides,  was  killed 
himfelf,  after  a  brave  refiftanoe.    Mean  time  the  army  of  the 
rebel  LyewfA*tong  difperfed  that  of  Tefyen-temkr,  brother  oif 
T^to ;  who  abandoned  the  open  country  to  the  enemy,  and 
(hamefully  fled  to  Kay-fong-ft^  capital  of  Hi-nan* 

Thb  emperor  fent  another  general  in  his  fbad ;  and  was 
content  to  £iy,  ^t  TefyeU'tenSr  did  not  underftand  the  bufi* 
neis  of  war :  b^t  feveral  great  mandarins  accuied  him  of  hav- 
ing deftroyed  an  army,  and,  by  his  cowardice,  difhonoured  thd 
empire  of  tkeMnngls.  Towhan-termiry  infteadof  making  anTotoV 
example  of  fo  great  a  mifdemeanor,  intrufted  the  examination/x^i^iV^. 
of  the  rfair  to  Tofo,  who  behaved  very  ill  on  this  occafion ; 
for  he  not  only  defended  his  brother,  but  even  accufed  and 
turned  out  feveral  mandarins  who  had  accufed  Tefyen*temlir^ 
Among  the  lords  of  merit,  and  moft  capable  of  terving  th« 
(late,  v^as  Tor-chipan,  defcended,  in  the  fixth  generation,  fron^ 
the  iUuftrious  MoboH  (or  MuhAH)^    He  had  at  firft  \x^  minii» 

(W)   In  the  dift?ria  of  Ta^    died  of  famine,  i»7Ww,5oo,oo« 
mng-/H  in  Pe-^bi-fi^  only,  ther^    ferfims.    Gattiil, 

P  4  iter. 

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SS  Jcngblj^  KHnU  $ueciffors  B.  H. 

Thirianti.RiTf  and  was  very  capable  of  re-eftablUhing  affair^ :  but  he  wis 

Towhan*.  difgufted  that  nobody  would  attend  tq  his  prudent  advice ;  and 

tmftr,  ^^  would  never  be  any-way  poncem^d  in  the  crimioal  intrigues  of 

>  I^^*  thofe  who  governed  the  mind  cSTowbanrtemin  Tor^Upanvm 

^^"^-   verfed  in  the  Chinefe  fciences :  was  learned  in  mathematics,  and 

Tofchi-    the  art  of  war.     But,  as  he  was  one  of  thofe  who  appeared 

pan  ba-    moft  incenfed  againft  Tefyen-temir^  Toto  caufed  him  to  be  ba- 

nijbed.      niflied :  foon  after  which  he  died  at  Whang-chnu-fii^  in  HA^ 

Jt^ang,  at  the  age  of  forty.    This  feverity  towards  one  of  the 

firft  and  moil  illuArious  lords  of  the  empire  did  much  injury 

to  TotOf  and  infinite  hurt  to  the  emperor's  af&irs. 

nr  rehls     The  court  was  greatly  alarmed  at  the  news  of  the  takii^  of 

wnjfed,    Hang'chew'F^^  capital  of  Che-kyang,  in  July^  by  the  troops  of 

•  Tfu'chew'ivhey.    Hereqpon  Towh.anrtendr,  fearing  the  lofs  of 

^e  fouthern  provinces,  fent  a  great  tumy  under  the  ccMnmand 

pf  Kyau-wha  and  Tong-po-fyau,    The  army  ha\ing  croffed 

thf  great  Kyang,  Kyau-vxha  demanded  the  advice  of  the  other 

general  officers.     Tong-po-fyau  faid,  that,  as  the  rebels  were 

infdlibly  plunged  in  all  fcMts  of  debaucheries  in  fo  rich  and 

delightnil  a  city,  they  could  not  be  in  a  condition  to  reilfl ; 

from  whence  he  concluded,  that  they  ought  to  go  and  attack 

ffang'chew  F4,    After  much  debate,  this  advice  was  followed, 

and  the  city  was  aflaulted  with  great  refolution.     On  the 

other  hand,  the  rebek  often  {allied,  and  fought  feven  moil 

(Mr  tw9  ^r-iJopdy  battles :  but,  after  a  cruel  (laughter  of  them,  the  city 

cmfioas.     ^ji5  taken.     This  great  check  much  weakened  the  party  of 

Tfu'chew'whey^  who  loft  there  excellent  officers,   and  more 

than  40,000  men.     In  the  enemy's  army  they  found  many  ma- 

gidans,  bonzas  of  the  feA  of  Tau^  whon^  they  put'  to  death, 

and  burned  their  books  of  mag^c^ 

Jiefeat  ihi     In  Jugufi  Toto  a(ked  leave  to  go  and  befi^  Tfu-chew,  a  city 

Muogis  J  cf  Xyang-nan^  poflefled  by  the  troops  of  LyeW'f&-tong ;  which 

was  granted  him  :  and,  on  this  occafion,  Mieulmahmo  (X),  pre* 

fident  of  the  tribunal  of  war,  made  extravagant  elogies  upon 

that  minift^.     Toto  attapked  th^  city  by  the  weft  gate,:  th€ 

^  Gavbi^,  ubi  (up;  p.  z88,  &  feq. 

(X)  This  is  a  Tingle  word  :  divided  any  but  fach  a^  are  On^ 
he  was  a  foreigner.  Gaulil.'^  nefe  nam^s  ;  altho*  all  the  reft 
This  fecms  to  imply,  tha?  the  mud  confiH  of  two  or  more  mo- 
names  of  perfons  which  our  aa-  nofyllables,  as  being  writtea 
thor  has  given,  for  the  general,  commonly  from  the  Chtnefe  cba- 
confift  of  more  words  than  one,  rafters,  and  according  to  the 
^tho'  joined  together,  as  if  but  Chinefi  pronunciation^ 
one.  Howevecy  we  have  fddoi^  •",..' 

.     .  bcfiegedt 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ It     • 


C.  f  3^  j}y  T»t»ry  and  Omi  ^7 

befi^^  made  a  great  fally;  but,  bang  repulfed,  ^^ievtTUrtwttJk 
was  taken  and  ruined.  The  minifter  was  hereupon  rewarded,  Towhan- 
and  ordered  to  return  to  court  unmediately.  scmfir,  vr 

General  Jrjldn,  who  commanded  the  Mungls  in  Kyang^ft,  Shun-tL 
})eii^  much  beloved  by  the  Myau'tfe  (Y),  on  hearing  of  Tfu"  ^  "^u~'^^ 
chev)'ivhey's  revolt,  inlifted  50,000  of  thofe  mountain  peoplQ, 
and  went  with  them  to  LA-chew^  a  city  of  Kyang-nan.    Aa 
^rmy  of  Myau-tfe  in  the  heart  of  China  was  a  very  odious 
Ught ;  fo  that  they  were  difmifled,  upon  the  remonftrance  of 
Tu-que,  who  had  orders  to  command  the  troops  in  that  pro- 
vince.    This  mandarin  fortified  Gan-'king  on  the  Kyang  ex-    ' 
ceeding  flrongly,  and  kept  his  grotmd  in  the  midft  of  the  re- 
bels :  for  at  that  time  moft  of  the  province  Kyang-fi  was  in  the 
hand^  erf"  Tfu-chew-whey's  party.  On  the  other  hand,  the  general 
Sing'ku  having  re-aflembled  the  troops,  reduced  Kyew-kyang 
and  Hi-kew.    He  then  marched  to  attack  the  rebels,  who 
plundered.^  the  places  along  the  rivers;  but,   being  fur*  take  their 
rounded,  and  wounded  by  an  arrow,  he  was  taken.    Sing-kigtuerML 
had  the  reputation  both  of  a  good  man  and  a  hero.    As  (oon 
as  the  rebels  knew  his  name,  they  fell  on  their  knees,  and  fet 
viftuals  before  him  :  they  treated  him  for  feven  days,  in  a  hut, 
with  all  forts  of  refpeft  ;  and  were  greatly  concerned  that  they 
could  not  cure  his  wound.     The  general,  perceiving  death  to 
be  near,  made  a  fhift  to  raife  himfelf  up ;  and,  having  made 
his  reverence  to  the  north,  expired  :  this  happened  in  Novem" 
beu    Sing-ki  was  of  an  antient  family  of  Ning-hya^  at  the 
great  wall  m  Shen-Ji ;  and  had  done  great  fervices  to  the  em^ 
pire. 

TQTQ,  who  w^  under  obligations  to  j4may  being  become  Ama^M^fr 
•  prime  minifter,   brought  that  lord  into  the  management  ofmimfter  5 
?iffairs,  and  got  him  appointed .  one  of  the  minifters  of  fkte.  A.  D. 
Jmay  fypported  by  the  emprefs  Aj,  by  degrees  made  himfelf  1353* 
independent  of  Toto^  and  intirely  corrupted  Towhan-tem£r. 
He  brought  into  the  palace  feveraJ  young  debauches,  and  la- 
mas of  Tibet ^  whofe  hearts  were  corrupt,  and  minds  poifoned 
with  fuperftition :  their  heads  were  filled  with  notions  of  ma- 
gic and  forcery,  the  confequence  of  which  was  revelling  and 
lewdn^Si     They  perfuaded  the  emperor,  that  he  fhould  \^dehattches 
Dvenvhelmed  with  happinefs,  if  he  would  but  praftife  their //^^  court  i 
abpnm^bl^  art,  which  is  called  by  them  Tenjher  and  Pimi{Z). 

(Y)  A  fort  of  wild  and  inde-        (Z)  The  fignification  of  thefe 
pendent  people,  mentioned  be-    two  words  was  not  known  to 
fore,  who  poiTefs  the  mountain-    fliur  authc^  GauiiL 
pus  parts  of  feveral   provinces 
ff  G^/fftf  to  the  fouth-w'eft. 

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5$  Jwghlz  Kiiin'/  Succiffors  B.  If. 

fbhtttath.Tim  anfoitanate  prinoe^  infoifible  to  the  crib  of  the  ftaue, 
Towhaa-  and  ruin  of  his  dynafty,  thonght  of  nothing  but  to  perfeft 
temftr,  #rhiinfeif  in  the  art  which  the  lamas  tavght  Urn.    It  griered 
8hiMi-ti.  aU  the  Ta/orx  and  fih»i^/»  who  had  any  zeal  for  die  empire,  to 
^■^^'fce  that  all  forts  of  debaudieries  were  by  him  cominittcd  in  the 
palace,  in  coippany  with  jhma^  and  his  brother  S'mc'fwf^  Tolo^ 
tfrnir,  his  brother-in  law,  and  fefcrai  other  lords,  beiides  the 
lamas.    AyyiwJbUitdta,  fon  (^  the  emperor,,  and  eroprds  Ajp, 
•eyer  would  give  into  the  debauches  of  his  father,  and  did  aH 
in  his  power  to  dtire  the  lamas  from  the  court ;  but  his  at- 
tempts were  fruitlefs.    The  hiftory  obfimres,  on  this  occafion^ 
that,  had  the  bones  of  y^ntf  been  cut  in  a  thouiand  pieces,  he 
would  not  have  been  fufficiendy  puniflied,  as  havk^  been  the 
firft  catile  of  all  the  evil. 
^fianfs       For  fome  time  the  pirates  had  taken  every  thing  which  came 
Toto,      by  fea ;  fo  that  Ta-ti  fufered  much.     To  remedy  this,  Toto 
kol  for  a  great  number  of  hufbandmen  from  the  fouth,  on 
whom  he  beftowed  utenfds,  cattle,  and  a  good  deal  of  money. 
His  view  was,  to  have  com  fown  in  the  environs  of  the  cajn- 
tal,  and  thence  be  fupplied  with  provifions,  which  before  came 
by  fea ;  but  this  expedient  did  not  anfwer  the  purpc^e.    And 
IKywtUi^fiellintogreaterconfufion  than  ever.    Thatminifter 
quarrelled  with  Ama ;  and  this  latter,  to  be  revenged,  fup> 
planted  him. 
A.  D.  In  Dicembtr  1354,  Ama  impeached  Toto  of  having  carried 

1 554;       on  the  war  very  ill,  and  converted  the  revenues  of  the  empire 
W9is      tohisownufe.   His  brother  r^/a-^^iwJr  was  at  the  fame  time 
hamjbtd.   accuW  of  being  a  dcbauche.    At  this  junfture  Ama  was  abfo» 
lute  nufler  of  the  emperor's  will ;  {o  that,  to  defhpy  a  man, 
it  was  fuffident  to  aocufe  him,  without  pronng  the  charge. 
They  began  by  depriving  Toio  of  his  titles ;  ato"  which,  h^ 
and  his  brother  wore  removed  at  a  diflance  from  court. 
^bf  empt'     Mean  while  the  emperor  thought  of  nothing  but  entertain* 
r#rV  effe-  ments,  parties  of  pleafure,  and  new  ways  of  gratifying  his 
«>^^^/     paffioQS.    Sixteen  young  girls,  called  the  fixteen  celefHal  fpi* 
nts,  were  appointed  for  the  dance ;  other  perfoos  were  cond* 
Stt;dly  employed  in  prayers  and  facrifices  to  Fo ;  others  to  difi 
cover  what  was  to  come,  byforcery;  others  to  fing,  and  play 
on  mufic  :  thefe  were  4l  die  al&irs  of  importance  which  T6- 
whanttemAr  troubled  his  head  about.    This  prbce  catifed  a 
bark  to  be  made  1 20  feet  long,  and  twenty  broad.    It  wa$ 
aowied  by  twenty^four  men  magnificently  drefl^,  and  d^figned 
(Jither  few  carrying  his  majefhr  sdong  a  great  lake,  from  th^ 
palace  of  the  north  to  that  ot  the  fouth ;  or  elfe  for  going  a 
pleafuring'Vlth  him  on  the  fame  lake ;  and,  while  it  paShd 
^Ipng,  one  b^h^ld  ^  dra^on|  wbpf^  eyes,  h^d,  ^d  gl^ws,  were 

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C.  13;  In  Taitaiy  mi  Chmfi^. '  59 

ja  motiw.    In  the  palace  was  a  larg^  prefer  on  whlc&  Wta  zTJUrtmtti^ 
aicfae  called  that  of  tbe  ihreefages.   In  the  nikldle  of  the  prefe  Towhan- 
was  the  Bcprefenution  of  a  girl  holding  a  needle,  to  ih«w  the^*"*^>  /^ 
hours  of  the  day  and  night,  according  to  the  CHwufe  dlvifion^^*^*^- 
of  time.    When  the  needle  was  at  the  hour, ,  water  Ifliied  out. \'~^'1~~^ 
On  each  fide  was  die  figure  of  an  angel :  one  holding  a  htVL^J^^^y 
the  other  a  copper  bafon.    When  the  time  of  night  came,  thofe^^^^^/ 
two  fpirits  beat  the  Chinefe  watches,  conformable  to  the  hour 
marked  by  the  needle ;  ixAf  at  the  fame  time,  feveral  ftatues^ 
rqirefendng  lions  and  eagles,  were  in  motion  on  the  fides.  To 
the  eafl  and  wefl  of  the  prefs  was  ieen  a  reprefentation  of  the 
courfe  of  the  fun  and  moon  thro*  the  zodiac.    Before  the 
figure  reprefenting  the  twelve  figns  flood  fix  antient  iimnortals ; 
who,  at  noon  and  midni^t,  marching  two  and  two,  pafled  a 
bridge  called  the  holy  bridge,  and,  entering  afterwards  th6 
niche  of  the  three  fages,  returned  to  their  nrft  pofl.     They 
highly  extolled  the  contriyance,  as  WeU  of  the  bark,  as  the  other 
maK:hines,  the  like  of  which  they  had  never  feen  before ;  and 
the  emperor  himfelf  pafled  for  the  inventor  of  them  K 

At  the  beginning  of  the  year  1355,  a  body  of  rebels,  fioni  Han-lin« 
ffo-nariy  crofled  the  JVhang-ho ;  and,  in  February,  Lyew'fi^tong^^^  fro- 
caufed  Han-lin-^ui,    fon  of  the  rebel  Han-Jhan-tong,   to  ^claimdm 
prddaimed  emperor.    This  new  ufurper  named  miidfters  and^*  ^' 
generals :  he  gave  to  his  dynafly  the  title  of  Song,  and  fixed  '5SS* 
his  court  at  Po-chew,  a  city  in  Ho'tian.  The  hiflory  has  mark« 
ed  the  years  which  this  power  continued. 

TOTO,  upon  his  diifface,  was  firfl. appointed  one  of  the 
mandarins  of  JVhay-ngan  F4  in  Kyang-nan,  and  afterwards  of 
Etjina  (A).  But,  this  being  reprefented  as  too  flight  a  pu» 
niihment  for  his  faults,  his  goods  were  confifcated,  and  He 
was  banifhed  to  Tun-nan.  Ama,  not  content  with  this,  coUn- 
terfidted  an  order  from  the  emperor,  for  killing  him  as  foon  a$Toto 
he  arrived  in  that  province.  This  'order  was  fent  to  an  o^cj^xjlain^ 
of  the  army,  who  had  his  family  with  him  ;  and,  inflead  of 
killing  the  baniftied  minifler,  treated  him  with  honour  an4 
£flinAion.  But  this  benevolence  did  not  continue  long :  fof 
the  officer,  having  propofed  one  of  his  daughters^  in  marriage 
OB  Toio'%  refufing  the  offer,  thought  it  done  in  contempt  \  and 
faufed  him  to  be  flain,  in  the  torty-fecond  year  of  nis  a|;e. 
This  unhappy  great  man  was  a  Merkit  by  nation,  and  very 
((qoiiring  p  the  Chinefe  literature,  as  well  as  affairs  of  goverqix 

\  GAUBiL.ubifup.  p.  293,  &  feq. 

(A)  A  city  of  ti^rtiny^  bqw  in  ruMisi,  to  the  nerdi  of  Xsan* 
fhe*^',  in  Shen-fi. 

j(  ,  ment: 

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6o  JcngMz  KhatiV  Succeffkrs  B.  IL 

fUrteentb.maxt  i  t>Ut  the  love  of  glory,  and  his  brother  Tefyen'temAr^ 
Towbaii-  made  him  commit  many  faults.     His  conduft,  particularly 
^^>/''with  rq^ard  to  Tor-^ckipan,  had  rendered  him  odious  to  the 
Shcn^fi.^  i>fi/«f  /  princes  and  grandees. 

ijiiT^-M-J'     J.Q  return  to  the  civil  wars.    The  general  Tajhepart^f  ar- 
riving, in  OSlober^  at  Huy-cbew  in  Ho-nan^  obtained  a  great 
viftory  over  Lyew-fi'tong.    But  altho'  this  rebel  was  defeated 
a  feccmd  time  by  another  Tat  at,  yet  he  always  retrieved  his 
^ofles ;  and,  after  being  beaten,  (till  found  himfelf  in  a  con^ 
Vbeimbf  dition  to  undertake  new  defigns.    The  emperor,  havbg  or-» 
rtr  ^^-d^red  a  great  council  of  war  to  be  held  in  July^  to  confidor 
nijbedi     of  means  for  fecurity  of  the  provinces  attacked  by  the  rebels  ; 
a  great  mandarin  hud  hold  of  the  occaflon  to  admonifh  him 
of  hb  faults  :  hefaid,  *'  that  thofe  meafures  were  unavailing, 
<<  while  his  majefty  continued  to  live  in  diforder,  and  without 
**  minding  the  afOirs  of  government ;  adding,  that  he  ought 
**  to  b^n  by  looking  into  the  ftate  of  the  court,  and  of  the 
♦*  emi»re,  with  his  own  eyes.    In  the  provinces,  faid  he,  the 
^*  officers  and  mandarins  think  of  nothing  but  pleafure,  mo- 
♦*  nqr,  *nd  good  cheer ;  and,  after  the  example  of  the  prince, 
**  appear  infenfible  at  the  lofs  of  cities  and  provinces."     The 
hxt  iff      ^icourfe  of  the  mandarin  was  commended  :  but  Tviuban-temar 
^fMftp       never  thought  of  mending  his  conduA ;  and  left  to  others  the 
care  of  reforming  the  mandarins. 

SECT.    IL 

Tb^  Rife  of  Ch<^,  or  Hong-vfl,  and  Ruin  of  the  Ywcn 

Dynafty. 

jti/e  of  IfT  V^  ^Q  7^^^  ^  yc^  ^^^  ^  licad  of  a  party  named 
Ch6.  -*"  CM  (A),  fetting  out  from  Ho-chew  (B),  pafled  the  Kyang^ 
and  took  Tay-ping :  let  us  hear  what  the  hiftory  fays  on  this 
occafion.  The  Twen^  coming  from  the  north  of  Sha-mo  (C), 
made  themfelves  mafters  of  China :  the  love  of  pleafure  caufed 
them  to  degenerate ;  and  on  all  fides  they  iaw  revolts.  Amoi^ 
the.  troops,  there  was  no  fubordination  :  the  years  were  bad, 
and  the  people  could  not  live  ,  It  was  in  the  year  of  the 
Black  Dragon  (D)  that  Tay-tfu  raifed  troops  in  the  city  of 

(A)  This  is  the  famous  C^*-  Chinefis  i  and,  by  the  Mungls^ 
nift  who  afterwards  aiTumed  the  Kobi,  or  Gobi,  whkh  fignifies  » 
name  of  Hongim,  and  founded    defart. 

the  dynafty  of  the  Ming,  or  Tay-  ( D)  Which  is  the  twenty-ninth 

'fnif^ ;  to  whom  the  Chinefes  give  of  the  Chine/e  fexagenary  cycle, 

the  tide  ofTay-tJu,  and  fifth  of  the  Mogul  cycle  of 

(B)  A  city  of  Kyang-nan.  twelve  years,  anfweiin^  exa^y 
<C)  The  great '^^Mi^  Dofari  to  that  of  Chrift  135^*    ^^* 

called  Wtf-wff,  or  ^^«-«w,  by  the    biL 

Hau 

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C  I  g:  In  Tartary  Md  duna;  6t 

Jfau  (£) :  his  intention  tW»,  to  gm  peace  ta  the  tirorld,  and  v^Thiritinth: 
lief  to  the  people.  With  this  view,  he  aflbdated  to  hiinielf  men  Towbaa* 
of  virtue  and  courage :  at  the  head  of  whom  heTednoed  T'lt-temftr,  or 
chew,  a  city  of  Ky angina ;  and,  the  next  year,  took  Ho^hew^  ^^^^  ^ 
where  he  ^ve  evident  marks  of  his  love  for  the  people,  hisi^'^Y^ 
greatnefs  of  foul,  and  his  knowl^  in  the  art  of  goveramcnt,      ^^^' 
He  was  quite  at  a  lols  how  to  pa(s  the  Great  Kyang,  fbrwant 
of  bttrks,  when  an  unexpected  fucoour  of  iO|Ooo  men,  and 
looo  veflels,  came  to  his  affiAanoe.    On  board  of  thefe  Cb^ 
embarked,  with  his  beft  officers  (F) ;  and,  pafling  eaftward, 
they  reduced  Nyew-chi^ki  and  Tay^ping  (as  before-mendoned). 

AM  J,  whO|  fince  the  balniihment  of  Toto^  was  prime  mini*  AmaV 
Iter,  in  1356  became  ftruck  with  the  melancholy  ftate  to  which/^^^  ^fi^j 
the  emtHre  was  reduced ;  and  afhamed  to  fee  that  he  himfelf ^^^* 
had  been  the  principal  caufe  of  it,  by  what  he  had.  done  to      ?* 
debauch  the  emperor's  mind,  and  divert  him  from  affiurs  of' ^^  * 
government.    He  was  informed  of  the  fevere  refleCHona  which 
were  made,  in  all  places,  on  his  conduft ;  and  (aw  that  he  was 
aUiorred  by  all  the  honeft  men  in  the  empire.    Night  and  day  ' 
thefe  thoii^ts  troubled  his  mind ;  and  he  thought  ferioudy , 
how  to  remove  the  evils  which  he  had  brought  in.  He  judged 
that  the  beft  way  would  be,  to  oblige  Towhm'temAr  to  refign 
the  throne  to  the  prince  appomted  heir ;  6y  whom,  and  the 
emprefs  Ki  his  mother,  he  was  fure  to  be  fupported  in  his  de- 
£gn.    But,  as  he  ftood  in  need  of  other  helps,  he  opened  his 
mind  to  his  father ;  and,  after  prdfing  the  talents  of  the  prince, 
affiired  him,  that  the  emperor  was  beoodiie  ftupid,  and  incapa- 
ble of  govermng  *. 

This  difcourfe  h^pened  to  be  overheard  by  jtma^s  fiRer^SamJ^ed, 
who  was  married  to  T&h  Tendr,  a  companion  of  the  emperor««^AM»* 
in  his  debauches ;  and  ihe  told  her  hu(band  of  it.  This  lord 
was  fenfible  that  he  was  hated  by  the  prince,  who  did  not  love 
debauchery;  and,  jud^ng  that  he  had  reafon  to  fear  his  dif- 
pleafure,  in  cafe  he  fhould  become  emperor,  difcovered  to  To^ 
'uhan-temir  the  defign  of  his  minifter.  The  empercn*,  who 
was  more  than  any  thing  piqued  with  what  Ama  had  (aid  of 
his  ftui»dity,  was  for  putting  both  him  and  his  brother  Sv»i» 

*  Gavbxl,  ubi  fapra,  p.  293,  &  feqq. 

(E)  Now  Fofig-yong'/u  in  mentioned  in  the  text,  are^  ^«- 
i^axr^-»a»;ofwhofediftriA  was  ta,  P^ng^que-yongf  SJjfou-JoHg, 
Cbu,  or  Hong'wu,  and  moil  of  Tong-Jbo,  Li-Jhan^chcmg,  Chang* 
the  generals  who  at  firft  affo-  yu-Qhan^  ^eng-you,  Keng-kun-yopg^ 
Qated  with  him.     GaubiL  f>iau'fudng,  and  Lyau-yorg'gan, 

(F)  The  names  of  them,  as 

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mritntti/we  fa  dehAk  that  tnAaiit  2  but,  as  both  had  beeti  tdrnpankxift 

Towhan-  in  hi^  debitiicbes,  and  their  mother  had  mirfed  the  emperor 

^^^^*f^  Ilinthip>tmy  he  changed  hb  rrfcrfution ;  and  was  content  to  for- 

S]mn*d«  MA  them  the  palace,  and  hare  them  watched.     After  this,  Sbo* 

^"^^^^Jt^kyoHi  one  crif  the^  sumfters,  was  ordered  to  profecute  them  ; 

zoAf  on  the  repeated  aecofationa  of  the  great  men,  they  wero 

fenteneed  to  be  banifhed.     They  fet  out  accordingly^  but  were 

]fil]«dion  the  road*    Erery  body  beUeved  that  Ama  had  h^etk 

^fi^oyed  f<>r  iKittidg  T^to  to  death ;  and  few  people  knew  the 

r4al  catiiis  of  his  misfortune. 

Chu  takes   -  |m  Mureh  CM  dfefe^ted  the  Mimgli  ndar  Nan-king^  capitd 

Nan.       of  Kyangmani  and  took  that  dtyi  into  wMch  he  made  his 

kiftg*       eiitrjr*    Bdng  thus  become  pofleiied  of  it,  he  did  no  hurt  tO 

.    any  petfod  1  he  continued  the  mandarins  in  (heir  empb^naent^^ 

and  did  gdod  to  all  tWpo6r.     From  this  time  it  Wus  eafy  ta 

finrefisie^  £a«)  in  a  lltife  i^ite,  he  would  be  mailer  of  the  great- 

ti*  ^tet  of  China.     With  n^rd  to  die  other  chiefs  who  were 

in  armi,  the  rebds  had  been  now  five  years  beiie^ng  the  city 

of  Whay^gim-fi  in  Kymng-ndn^  defended  hyChu-putuha  the  g^o^^* 

s6r^  affifted  by  Lyew-^kya^  an  <^cer  of  merits  with  a  courage  and 

<adkaiicy  almoft  with<)ut  exampk.    But  ChA-puwha  hamaig 

icettibd  to  the  emperof  a  general,  in  the  Bei^bourhood,  of  ne- 

gk£)}  of  fenrke  ;  this  lattef ,  to  be  revenged^  refolved  to  facii- 

A.  I>.      fiee  tine  gted  q£  the  fiane,  by  ^viag  hmi  no  afliiVance*     Fer. 

>35^*       th&purpofe,  at  the  beginning  of  the  year  1356,  he  ordered 

h^MVi^ky^  tOt  cfecamp  from  before  Whay-gmnrf^^  under  pFetence 

fif  iexfeding  b&m  to  attack  a  detachment  of  the  rebds  >  who 

thereupon  invefled  the  city  on  all  fides,  dug  trenches^  and  laid 

tiidieiivirons  undef  wafer. 

Wbay«-         Mban  time  the  treacherous  gdnef^l  remained  quiet,  wlthoot 

ganj/VAZ/.tuKfiog  the  kaA  fucootirs  to  the  pJacC^  *which  he  mi^t  eaiily 

hor^  ctond.    €hit*pttutki^  uj>on  th^  ipj^d  to  the  n^ghbouT'* 

kig  gDtersOrs  of  ci^s  ix  aid,  no  fewer  than  nineteen  times^ 

yei  receii^  no  anfwer.    The  inhabitants  and  foldiers,  finditig 

themfdves  thus  abandoned,  refolved  to  die  with  their  com- 

xaanlct,  whom  they  h)ved  as  theur  father.     After  they  had 

eatett  adl  the  aaiitials^  vef  mill,  and  leather,  tot  be  found  m  the 

city,  they  were  reduced  to  kill  thofe  who  fell  doWn  through 

weaknefs,  in  the  ftreets,  and  feed  Oft  thdr  flefh.    At  length 

Whay-gau'f&y   which,  before  the  iiege,  was  very  populous, 

fmrafideredi  for  want  of  inhtd>itarits  to  ^end  it.    ChA-putuha 

was  «fleefl,  i^th  his  fon  Pan-ko,  %hting  to  fecure  the  weAem 

gte,  and  both  were  cut  to  pieces.     The  elogiac  hiftory  of  hit 
e  feys,  that,  during  the  fiege,  he  fuftained  more  than  onehmi- 
dred  engagements  with  much  valour.    Altho'  a  foreigner,  yet 

the 

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C 13.  U  Ta*ttry  andCHfm:  €$ 

die  (%if^  IBU  boaft  of  the  coorag^  aixi  fid^ 

and  compace  him  to  thecdd>rated  Cbang^tjun  (G).  Towhtt'^ 

In  February  the  Aw^f  rebels  hanng  ravaged  the  diftrHl  citemhr^  f 
Si'gan*f4  in  SUfcn-J  5  the  general,  and  prittce  AtatinqfbeR^  do*  Shaii^u^ 
fcraded  from  Jagat&y^  fecond  fon  of  Jntghtz  Kh&n,  had^^*^*^ 
thoughts  of  learag^the  dty^  when  a  vBOBoifAxi  prqpofod  fead^ 
11^  for  Chohantemirf  governor  of  Ifo-moH*  Thk  getteral  cant 
urith  5000  cnimfiers^  ndcat  mpieoes  the  bodjr  of  idxlai 
but  he  was  ibrpriied  to  hear  that  Ktg^firtg*ft,  cauphal  of  that 
pRmaoe,  had  been  talcen  in  j^lugttft  by  Lyem^/i-iong :  and^ 
for  an  the  lofs  whichrthe  Stmg  reodvttl  near  Si^n-ftf  oUtM 
rd>els  of  the  £ime  patty  qipeaitd  near  Fong^tfyang^fi  ;  but 
GfdfontemAr^  matching  twenty  leagues  in  one  day  and  idght, 
MopoB  and  defeated  diem,  when  th^  leafi  expelled  an  at-* 
tKk.  Meantime  C*iM  madegneat  advances  in  Kyang-nan,  and^ 
among  other  dtieis^  took  CBang*chem*fk  and  Yang-ckiw-fA^ 
While  the  rebels  of  I'fii-clmi^mefs  party  iisized,  this  year^ 
the  capital  of  Si-ckwet^  add  becaaae  flay  powerful  in  that  pro* 
vinoe*    , 

The  general rift-jrK^^^asieseceedhig  flrongly  fortified  in  (7^-GattJuag 
img'y  aod  had  placed  good  troops  in  thepofts  which  art  ontakem 
Che  two  baaks  of  die  Gratt  /^ang,  in  dK  part  where  that 
river  pa0es  between  the  mi)\moam  Sya-M,  m  die  diM€t  c£ 
iyew'fong-'byen  ia  Kydtig-nan.  Hamofer^  Cben^ymo-fyang^  the 
general  of  Tfu^ch^m^wl^,  attacked  diefeimpdrtant  pofts ;  and, 
fightm^r  for  four  (ky^contisMsdly^both  by  land  and  water,  madd 
hunfelf  mafierof  then,  iar  feiteof  the  floittrefiftanoeof  the 
commander.  The  pai&ge  of  the  Kymg  bdng  thus  hidopeii^ 
the  rebet  genera)  weoc  and  laid  ^cgs,  to  Gtm-hmg.  TA-qyt 
drore  Um  off  at  fifft:  but  die  rebeia,  who  wore  enc^nped  at 
Jim-ebrw-ft^  in  Kyofig-Jij  ^amt  and  attacked  the  weft  gate^ 
wtele  Tem'fyM^  a(foiU^  diat  ci  the  eaft ;;  and  both  partief 
had  aAoaUy  toled  the  walls,  when  T4*fiU,  at  die  head  dF 
the  towi^JBiea,  who  were  wil^rig  to  h^ard  their  lites,  fallii^ 
boldly  ^n,  (lew  a  gieat  number  of  them,  and  made  the  rell 
give  way.  For  all  this,  the  rebels  returned  to  the  charge  with 
more  fury  than  before ;  fe.that  there  wa»  x  gnat  (hughter  on 
both  fides. 

In  January  1358  thtf  body  of  rebels  wMch  was  zxCjii-chew-hy  Yew.^ 
fll  in  Kyang-nan  came  and  attacked  the  eaft  gate  ;  that  of  the  tyanj^ 

(G)  He  v^ViH  of  Nan-yang'fu  talned  at  feveral  times  in  the 

in  Ho-nan,  and  one  of  the  befl  year  757,  is  one  of  the  fineff 

officers  of  the  Tang  dynafty.  adions  to  be  met  with  in  the 

The  fiege  of  ^ey-te-fu,  in  the  Chinefe  hiftory.     GaubiL 


fame  province,  which  he  fvif* 


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foutii 

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^4  Jenghiz  Khin^i  SiicciffBrs  B.  IL 

^hirteenthSo^^  ilirsis  nndertaked  by  the  troops  come  from  Jau-jchew^ftt  ^ 

Towhan-  and  Term-lyang  af&uitcd  that  of  the  weft  ;  while  the  enemies 

tMiur,  fr  fleet  covered  the  Great  Kyang.    TA-que,  ,invefted  thus  on  all 

;^^^^'\fides»  after  placing  the  officers  in  tlmr  reifpeftive  pofts ;  at  the 

^       head  of  his  braveft  foldierSy  fell  on  the  enemy,  of  whom  he 

inadb.  a  ^reat  (laughter:  but,  while  he  fought  with  greateft 

ardour,  the  rebels  forced  the  three  gates,  and  took  the  city* 

Ti^^e^  perceiving  thismisfortimeby  thefimwhich  were  lighted 

on  the  occafion,  and  having  already  received  ten  wounds  from 

the  multitude  of  enemies  who  befet  htm,  ran  himfelf  through 

with  his  own  fword»    His  wife,  fons,  .and  daughters,  threw 

themfelves  headlong  into  a  well :  the  officers  of  the  garrifoa 

likewife  flew  themfelves,  rather  than  furrender ;  and  a  confi* 

derable  part  of  the  inhabitants  chofe  rather  to  caft  themfelves 

into  the  fire,  than  be  fubjeft  to  the  rebels.    T4^ue  was 

cfteemed  and  beloved  by  every-body :  his  tomb  is  flill  to  be 

jeen  at  Gan-king.    He  was  born  at  Lwchew  in  Kyar^^nani 

tut  was  originally  of  the  country  of  Tan-gi  **. 

Rihh  ^^  March  one  of  the  generals  of  the  Song  rebels  fpread  an 

flunder     alarm  fkr  and  near,  by  the  reduftion  of  Tfi-^nan-fAy  capital  of 

Shan^      Shan-tor^.    The  iatar  commander  of  Tong-chang-fi  (in  the 

long.       fame  province)  abandoned  both  the  city  and  country.     Abcmt 

the  ftoie  time  Mau-quey,  one  of  the  beft  Sang  officers,  came 

from  Ha-kyen-fi  (H) ;  and,  joining  with  him  who  had  taken 

Tfi-nin^chev)  and  Tfi-nm-fi  (I),  the  rebds  plundered  Shan- 

tong^  and  the  country  about  T^-fiJ.    The  firft  detachment  of 

the  Smg  attacked  an  important  poft  near  that  imperial  city, 

*   whofe  commander  was  (lain ;  and,  the  reft  of  the  Sar^  troops 

arriving,  the  court  was  in  great  apprdienfions.    Several  of  the 

grandees  counfellcd  the  emperor  torcture,  and  remove  his  refi- 

dence  elfewhere.  The  mmifter  Tay-ping  oppofed  that  advice,  and 

Take  the   called  in  troops  on  all  fides.     Lyew  Kara^puwha  attacked  the 

eafital.    enemy  fome  few  leagues  from  the  city ;  and,  defeating  them, 

conftrained  Mau-quey,  who  commanded  than,  to  retire  back 

to  Tfi-nan-fH.  '  Tay-puwta,  a  Tatar  general  m  Pe-che-li^  of 

^  GaVbii..  Hift.  Gentel.  p.  296,  &  feqq. 

(H)  A  city  in  the  province  of  may  be  often  led  into  a  miftake. 

?e  cbe-li.  For  inilancc,  meeting  with  TJin- 

(I)  In  the  French  it  is  only  chenv^  he  would  be  apt  to  take  it 

Tft'tiin  and  Tfi-nan.     The  au-  for  a  citjr  of  the  fecond  rank  5 

thor    freauently    leaving    out  whereas  it  is  a  city  of  the  firft 

the  lift  ly liable,  which  diftin*  rank  in  5^<i«-/e«^,  only  the  final 

guifhcs    the  rank  of  the  city,  Fu  is  omitted :  but  this  defe^ 

the  reader  is  not  only  deprived  we  have  generally  fupplied. 


of  that  ufeful  lAformaiioD,  but 


the 

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C»  ij.  Iff  T^rt^ry  and  Chinz.    -  6$ 

theilluftrious  family  of  Hong-kila^  being  an.  enemy  to  Yay-Thirteenth. 
ping,  would  not  obey  his  orders  ;  hereupon  that  minijfter  ac-  Towhan- 
cuted  him  of  neglefting  the  fervice,  for  which  he  Was  con-  ^^^^^^  «"* 
demned  to  die,  Shun-ti. 

,     Mean  time  CM  became  admired  in  the  fouthem  provinces.  ^JTY"T*^ 
In  December^  at  the  head  of  100,000  men,  he  took  ^'cf^^^  ce^u 
(K) ;  and,  aflcmbling  his  generals,  it  was  determined  neither 
to  commit  flaughters,   nor  plunder.     While  this  head  of  a 
party  (L)  took  good  meafures  to  maintain  his  footing  in  the  fou  th, 
^tan-fyen-fengy    one  of  the  Song  generals,    penetrated  into 
Lyau'tong,  plundered  Lyawyang,  and  then  marched  into  Ko" 
rea.     On  his  return  from  that  country,  he  attacked  Shang-t£y  Shang-tfi 
which  he  took,  and  burnt  that  beautiful  city,  with  the  magni-**'^^* 
ficent  palace  which  the  emperor  Hi-pi-lay  had  built  there. 
On  this  occafion  a  mandarin  prefented  a  memorial  to  the  em- 
peror, wherein  he  exhorted  his  majefty  to  reform  his  manners^ 
dnd follow  the  law  of  heaven  (M).     The  mandarin  was  praifed 
for  his  zeal,  but  that  was  all  the  effeft  of  his  harangue.     The 
love  of  pleafure  had  rendered  Towhan-temAr  quite  infenfible  of 
the  evils  which  affUfted  the  empire ;  and  there  are  but  few 
inftances  to  be  met  with,  of  a  prince,  fo  powerful  as  hfe,  who 
few  his  dominions  loft  ^th  fo  little  concern. 

MAU'^UET,   one  of  the  principal  Song  generals,   was 7*^^  gong 
killed,  at  the  begmning  of  the  year  1 3  59,  by  a  Chinefc  in  Shan*  i^inMi. 
tong.     Hereupon  feveral  officers,  who  had  ferved  under  him,  A.  D. 
came  on  purpofe  from  Lyau-tong  to  revenge  his  death,  and  1359. 
flay  the  murderer.     Thefe  aflaflinations  begat  divifions  in  the 
Song  party,  which  from  that  time  dwindled  every  day, 

PETEN'PUWHATCekln,  an  Ig^r  prince,  defcended  from 
ItigA  (or  IdiHt)  fpoken  of  in  the  reign  of  Jenghtz  Kh^n^ 

(K)  This,  we  prefame,  is  V-  not  to  be  underdood  the  facred 

thtW'fu^  in  the  caft  borders  of  book  a  of  Foy  or  any  other  reve- 

^Mongfi  but  are  lefs  furc,  as  lation:  for  the  C;5r/«^  literati, 

our  author  is  not  iiundlual  'in  who  follow  thedodlrine  of  Kon-^ 

adding  the  final  fyllable  Which  fufius,  their  chief  philofopher, 

diftinguifhes  the  rank  of  cities,  pretend  to  none :  but  by  thofe 

as  we  have  jud  now  obferved  in  words  is  meant  the  law  of  na- 

the  preceding  note.  ture,  or  reafon,  which  is,  or  may 


(L)  It  is  obfervablc,  that  Chu  properly  be  called,  the  ellablilh- 

is  no-where  called  a  rebel,  as  ed  religion  of  China ;   and  of 
the  other  heads  of  parties  arc,  '  which  the  emperor,  as  Well  as 

nor  his  followers  rdbels,  becaufc  all   the  ofiiccrs  both  civil  and  - 

he  proved  fuccefsful  i  and  the  military  in  the  government,  muft 

Chinefes  looked  on  him  a»  their  be,  by  the  conlHtution  of  that 

deliverer  from  the  Mungl  yoke,  great  and  happy  monarchy. 

(M)  By  the  law^of  heaven  is 

Mod.  Hist.  Vol.  V.  E  in 

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^  Jcnghlz  Khah'j  Succeffbrs  fi.  lU 

ThirfeenthXa  the  year  1358  commanded  at  Ku-chew-fi  (N),  a  confidera- 
Towhan-ble  city  of  Cheeky ang.     When  this  prince,  who  was  brave  and 
teiiidr,  «r experienced,  knew  that  Sin-chew  (now  ^ang-fm-fA)  in  Kyang" 
Shtth-ti.^^  was  befi^ed,  he  fet  forward  to  fuccour  that  Jjlace.     At  his- 
'-  ^'^^^--^pproach,  Ta-Jhing-niy  a  prince  of  the  blood,   and  general 
HayAi'tingy  a  foreigner  from  the  weft,  came  to  meet,  and 
Sin-chew  gave  up  to  him  the  command.     After  this  he  entered  the  city 
taken        with  hi§  troops,  m  fpite  of  Chen-yew -lyang,  who  lay  before 
A.  D.      it ;  and,  having  vifited  all  the  ports,  took  an  oath  to  defend 
^359-       it  to  the  laft  extremity*     Ta-Jhing-nily  Hay-li-tingy  and  the 
other  officers,  did  the  fame :  fuch  an  impreffion  had  die  gallant* 
defence  of  Gan-king  and  JVhay-gan-fi  made  on  the  mind  of 
many  commanders.    It  is  needlefs  to  relate  here  in  detail  the 
jtffaults  that  were  fuftained,  and  the  Tallies  which  were  made  z 
the  adverfe  parties  were  continually  fighting;    and  Puivha^ 
Tekfji,  with  the  other  officers,  (hewed  their  valour  in  its  full 
luftre.     At  length,  provifions  failing,  the  inhabitants  fed  oa 
human  flefti :  at  the  fame  time  one  ot  the  rebels  got  into  the 
city  by  a  fubterranean  paflage.     Ten  days  together  both  par- 
By  Yew-   ties  fought  with  great  obftinacy ;  after  which,  for  want  of 
lyang.      foldiers  and  provifions,  the  place  was  taken  in  June  1359; 
when  the  three  commanders  before-mentioned,  and  other  offi- 
cers, chofe  rather  to  die  than  furrcnder. 
Kay-  While  thefe  things  were  doing  in  l^ang-L  the  general 

fong-fu  Chahan-temuKy  who  had  rendered  hlmfelf  illuftrious  in  1358, 
retaken,  by  feveral  viftories  gamed  over  the  rthdTSong  in  Shen-Ji^  af- 
fembled  troops  from  feveral  places  j  and  in  1359,  at  a  time  • 
when  leaft  expefted,  went  and  befieged  Kay-fong-fu,  capital 
of  Ho-nan.  This  grfeat  city  was  then  quite  unprovided  of 
every  thing  ;  and  Chahan  *^,  after  the  example  of  Su-pe-tay  **, 
caufed  it  to  be  inclofed  with  a  ftrong  palifadc.  One  day  he 
gave  a  general  aflault  at  all  the  gates,  and  took  the  places  : 
but  Tfu-chew-wheyy  with  his  mafter  Han-lin-eul,  made  their 
efcape. 

Mean  time  Peyen  Temtlr,  prefident  oE  the  tribunal  of  ^va^^ 
and  Tq/he  Temur^  gtnerzl  in  Che-kyang,  arrived  tt  Hang-cheiv- 
fu,  capital  of  that  province ;  and,  having  gotten  together 
.  great  quantities  of  rice,  fent  it  up  the  JVhang-ho  into  Ho-nan, 
where  it  was  conveyed  by  land  to  the  river  Wey  :  by  which  it 
arrived 'fafely  at  Tong-cheWy  and  from  thence  at  Fa-tu,  A 
confiderable  number  of  troops  were  employed  to  convoy  thia 

«  Gaubil,  ubifup.  p.  2:99,  &  feqq^  '  See  before. 

Vol.  IV.  l.i.  c.  I,  &6. 

(N)  Or  KjU'chew.fuy  writtca  only  Ku-ehenu  itt  the  French. 

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C.  13.  In  Tartary  and  China.  67 

provifipa  ;  fo  that  the  rebels  never  dared  to  attack  them.  k%fhiruenth. 
the  fcardty  of  viftuals  had,  for  feveral  years  before,  occa-Td^ban- 
fioped  grpat  fainine$  in  the  imperial  city,  this  relief  came  very  ^cmftr,  or 
opportunely.  Shun-ti. 

HowEvpR,  the  joy  which  this  fupply  gave  the  court  was^T"'^^"'^ 
damped  by  the  lofs  of  Nan-chang-filt  capital  of  Kyang-fi^  I        , 
taken  by  Chen-yew-fyang*    As  foon  as  the  news  reached  Tfu*  7    ?' 
chevf-whey,  the  rebel  emperor  of  the  Song,  he  embarked  on  ^^^ 
theCr^^z^  Kyang  fpr  that  city,  refolving  to  keep  his  court  there. 
But  his  general,  who  had  other  defigns  in  view,  being  deter- 
mined to  prevent  him,  hafted  tq  Kyew-fyang-fH  (in  the  fame 
province) ;  and,  having  ordered  the  gates  .to  be  fhut,  flew  « 

thofe  who  were  about  yt^'ch^w-whey^  whom  he  afterwards  kepp 
as  a  prifoner,  leaving  him  nothing«but  the  title  of  emperor. 

The  ambition  o(  AyyewJbiKtata^  the  prince  appointed  heir,  Difirac 
caufed  AO  lefs  troubles  this  year  at  the  court  of  the  emperor  ^''««J  »t 
Ttywhan-temHry  which,  befides,  was  full  of  intrigues.   *Thc^^*''^* 
prince  took  a  great  deal  of  pains  to  get  his  father  to  renounce 
the  empire ;  and  this  was  the  view  dfo  of-  his  nipther  the  env 
prefs   AT/,  who  left  no  ftone  unturned  to  gain  the  mimftcf 
Tay-pingy  without  whofc  concurrence  nothing  that  way  coul4 
be  done.    But  all  her  efforts  were  ineiFeftual.    The  miniilej 
anfwered  neither  one  way  nor  the  other.    The  prince,  upon  caufid  ly 
this,  thought  to  ge*  71z^-///zg,  and  other  lords,  accufed  :  but'^^^^"^'* 
the  gr^t  men  made  the  emperor  fuch  pompous  elogics  of  tljijB 
minifter,  that  the  prince  found  he  pnly  loft  rime  in  attempting 
to  remove  him.     However,  to  be  revenged  of  thofe  grandees, 
he  caufed  feveral  of  them  to  \)t  accufed  ;  and  had  his  ends  f9 
far,    that  fome  of  them  were  imprifc^ied,   and  Cpntenced  tp 
die :  among  them  were  men  of  wifdom  and  authority.    This 
unjuft  proceeding  gain^  the  prince  powerful  enemies,   and 
fowed  divifion  among  thp  great  men,  and  generals  of  ti;e 
army. 

Oke  of  the  principal  pninifters  was  Nyew-fi-hayy  who  d^'Themimf- 
icended  from  PorM,  and  had  governed  both  the  eaftern  an4  ter  retires. 
weftern  Tartary.  His  air,  his  prudence^  and  experience,  join^jd 
to  his  high  birth,  and  poft  ot  minifter,  made  him  appear  tf> 
great  advantage.     He  was  Tay-ping^s  intimate  friend ;  ax]4 
it  was  he  who  fupported  that  minifter  againft  the  attacks  of  / 
the  prince,  and  the  emprefs  Ki.     Niew-ti-hay  fell  fick;  an^,   A.  D. 
finding  himfelf  near  hjs  end,  at  the  beginning  of  the  year  ,1 369,    1 360. 
fpoke  in  praife  of  Tay-ping\  and^told  his  friends,  thatminift<a* 
.could  not  continue  long  at  court.    He  died  qiuch  regretted  bjr 
the  emperor,  and  the  grandees  who  had  at  heart  the  honour 
x>f  their  fovereign.     Tay-pin^y  feeing  himfelf  now  withojit^a  . 
jprop,  and  every  day  expofed  'to  the  intrigues  of  his  enemies, 

E'a  retired 

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68  Jenghiz  Khan*j  Succejfors  Bv  II. 

mf^teetttk  retired  to  his  own  houfe.     Thus  Towhan-temur  loft  his  beft 
Towhan-  fcrvants ;  and  all  the  authority  fell  into  the  hands  of  two 
tcm&r,  fruiifcreants :  one  an  eunuch  named  PH-pAwha'y  the  other  ^  a 
^^"-"-  great  lord  of  ^te-fye,  called  Sho-fe-kyen.    Thefe  execrable 
^^JJ^'^^T^men  let  aU  be  loft,  never  acquainting  the  empetor  with  any 
antsTuc     ^'^"S*  ^^^  minding  ainy  thing  but  to  inrich  themfelves. 
ceed.     '        CHEN-YEW'LYJNG,  general  of  the  rebel  emperor  Tfii'' 
chew-nuhey^  having  taken  from  his  mafter  all  his  authority,  as 
before  has  been  mentioned,  in  May  this  year  caufed  him  to  be 
killed,  and  aflumed  himfelf  the  title  of  emperor ;  giving  the 
Han  dj'   name  of  Han  to  his  new  dynafty.     Mean  time  new  feuds  daily 
najly.         arofe  among  the  Mungls.     Chahan-temAr^  governor  of  Ho- 
nan^  having  recovered  from  the  rebels  a  confiderable  part  of 
Shen-fty  pretended  that  thofe  conquefts  ought  to  make  a  part 
of  his  government :  on  the  other  hand,  Polo-temtir,  general 
of  the  troops  at  Tay-tong-fd  in  Shan-fty  alledged  that  Shen-Ji 
Nenu  di/-  was  in  his  department.    Thefe  two  generals  were  alone  able  to 
traSions.  havexe-eftabliftied  the  affairs  of  the  empire ;  but  their  difputes 
made  a  noife,  and  caufed  an  irreconcileable  hatred  between 
their  families.     The  emperor  undertook  to  fettle  the  limits  of 
ihcir  jurifdiftions :    but  Polotemur  thought  himfelf  injured, 
and  took  up  arms  againft  Chahan  :  his  majefty  afterwards  gave 
Polo  content,  and  difcontented  Chahan^  who,  in  his  turn,  made 
war  upon  Pob :  fo  that  both  parties  had  armies  in  the  field  to 
oppofe  each  other.     The  prince  inheritof  at  length  brought 
about  an  agreement  between  them  ;  but  it  was  only  a  coun- 
terfeit one,  as  will  appear  by  the  fequel. 

•     In  Jugufi  1 361  Chahan-temtlr  retook  Tfi-nan-fiy  capital   of 
Shati'tongj  with  the  greater  part  of  that  country.     At    the 
'fame  time  Ch^  wrefted  Kyevx-kyang-fA,  and  Nan-chang-fd^  in 
Kyang'Jif  out  of  the  hands  of  Chen-yew-lyang. 
A  Mungl      The  emperor  Towhan-temttr  having  often  fent  officers  into 
rebel       'Tartary,  to  defire   the  princes  of  his  family  to  fend   their 
troops  to  his  affiftancC;  Jluwen-temtir,  eighth  grandfon  of  Oga- 
fay,  by  Myeliy  came  at  length  with  a  formidable  army.    When 
this  prince  was  fome  days  march  from  the  great  wall,  he  fent 
to  let  Towhan-tem^r  know,  that  he  came  to  recover  the  empire, 
,  which  he  (the  emperor)  held  in  wrong  to  him ;  and  required 
that  he  would  furrender  to  him  all  his  right  and  title.    Here- 
upon Torwhan-temur,  inftead  of  receiving  aid^  againft  his  old 
enemies,  found  himfelf  obliged  to  fend  an  army  againft  this 
new  one  :  but  his  forces  wxre  beaten,  and  forced  to  retire  to 
Shang'ti.     Jltlwcri'temur,  encouraged  by  this  fuccefs,   pro- 
pofed  to  enter  Pe-cbe-li ;  and  was  already  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  SAang't^,  when  the  prince  inheritor  marched  to  meet  him. 
delivered  The  officers  of  Al^wen-tenitlr^  who  certainly  imagined  they 


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C.  13J  In  Tartary  and  China.  ^9 

came  to  faccour  the  emperor,  delivered  their  gcheral  to  the  prince,  ThtrteentL 
by  whofe  order  he  was  flain  in  September^.  Towhan- 

MING'Yil^HEN,  general  of  TJ^'chew-v^hey,  who  had^«'«*^''»  f 
fobdued  the  province  of  Tun-narit  being  informed  that  Chen-^^^^'^^ 
yew'iyang  vrsLS  proclaimed  emperor,  was  refolved  alfo  to  beV.^'    ,~^ 
independent ;  and^  proceeding  to  make  conquefts  on  his  ^^^^^^r/ 
account,  took  feveral  places  in  Se-clrwen,  and  the  weftem  parts 
of  Shen-Ji.  , 

In  Jtme^  while  Chahan-temttr  was  befieging  I-t&  in  Shan^ 
tmg,  Tyen-fong  propofed  to  vilit  the  quarters  of  the  imperial 
camp.     Chahan  followed  his  advice ;  but,  when  he  Was  entered  Chalian- 
into  the  traitor's  tent,  an  officer  ran  him  through  with  his^^"' 
fword.     Koko'tefnitt^  his  nephew,  but  fon  by  adoption,  having^*'** 
fncceeded  him  in  his  titles  and  dignities,  fwore  to  revenge  his 
lather's  death.     By  a  paflage  which  he  caufed  to  be  made 
under-ground,  he  entered  /-/<J;  then  feizing  the  principal  re^ 
bcls,  particularly  Tyen-fong^  and  him  who  had  murdered  his 
fetber,  he  facrificed  them  to  his  manes.     The  emperor,  by  the 
death  of  that  illuftrious  general,  fufiered  a  very  great  lofs,  for 
he  was  die  beft  officer  in  the  whole  empire. 

If  has  been  obferved  before,  thait  the  emprefe  A7,  mothtr  jfffairs  of 
of  the  prince  inheritor,  was  a  Korean^  and  had  a  great  afcend-  Korea, 
ant  over  the  mind  of  Towhan-temur,  Th^  relations  of  A7, 
proud  to  fee  in  their  family  a  lady  of  fo  much  dignity  and  au^ 
thority,  aflaffinated  Reyen'temihr  king  of  Korea.  The  emperor 
degraded  Peyen-temAr,  named  another  king,  and  declared  a 
lord  of  A!if's  family  prince  inheritor  of  that  monarchy.  Bu? 
the  Ab/Vtfnj  ordered  Towhan-temi&r  to  be  told,  that  they  could 
ndther  fuffer  thefe  new  impofitions,  nor  the  memory  of  the 
old  king  to  be  defamed.  The  emprefs  Ki  caufed  their  memo- 
rial to  be  rejefted  ;  and  a  general  to  march  into  Korea,  with 
forces,  to  execute  the  emperor's  orders.  The  general,  being 
arrived  with  10,000  7Jf««g^// near  the  river  7k-A?,  within  the 
borders  of  that  country,  was  furrounded  by  an  army  of  Ko- 
reans, who  cut  them  all  to  pieces  ;  excepting  feventeen  horfe» 
who  ran  fuU-fpeed  to  carry  home  the  news  of  this  misfortune. 

In  January  1363  Ming'-yti'-chen  took  the  name  of  emperor  W^  Hy a 
at  CUn^.tH'fuy  capital  of  Se-ctrvjen,  and  gave  his  dynafty  t'he^«^* 
tide  ot  Hy a.  Mean  time  Lyew-fA-tongy  who  had  made^  fo 
great  a  noife,  and  was  the  foul  of  the  Song,  was  killed'  in 
iCy^^-Wtfw.  The  rebels,  who  followed  this  party,  again  plunder^- 
td  Shang'H ;  that  is,  what  litde  the  flames  had  left  of  1%.  What 
was  ftill  worfe,  the  animoflti^  between  KoMo-temir  and  Polp-^ 
tmir  ^very  day  increafcd,  each  party  raifed  troops  to  oppofc 

•  GaVBIL.  ubifup.  p.  301,  &  feq[(j. 

E  a  the 

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ya  ^         Jcnghlz  Khan'j  Sucttjfors  B.  II. 

W/V/^^T/^.the  other  5  and  thefe  domeftic  quarrek  did  inere  hurt  to  To* 
Towhan-  whan-temur  than  the  revolt  of  the  Chinejes. 
tcmur,  or     The  moft  fonnidahk  enemy  Chu  had  to  deal  with  m  the 
Shun^ti.  fe^^.^^  was  Chen-yewlyang^  ftyled  emperor  of  the  Han  :  who> 
■^  being  fenfibly  grieved  for  the  lofs  of  Nan^chang-fi  in  Kyang" 
ft^  exhaufted  his  coiFers  to  raife  new  forces,  and  equip  a  fleets 
with  a  refolution  to  befiege  that  city  j  which  was  furniftied  with 
a  good  garrifon,  commanded  by  Chii'Ven-cheng%  one  of  the 
beft  generals  bdoi^ng  to  Ch&.  Hecaufed  bucklers  to  be  made 
for  defence  of  his  foldiers  againil  arrows  and  ftoaes ;  after 
this,  he  undertook  the  fiege,  which  he  commanded  in  perfon  ; 
and,  having  given  feveral  aflaults,   at  length  mounted  the 
walls,  from  whence  he  fhoutcd  for  joy,  oincluding  that  he 
SVas  already  niafter  of  the  city  :  but  he  was  much  furprifod 
to  fee  new  retrenchments  within,  very  flrongly  f<»:tifiQd>  aad 
confequently  that  he  had  new  fatigues  to  undergo. 
defeated  -     Meai4  time  ChaU'te-Jheng^  one  of  ChA-veri'-cheng's  Eeute- 
4y  CW ;   nants,  found  a  conveniency  of  fending  exprefles  to  iaform  ChA 
of  the  danger  they  were  in.     On  this  notice,  GW,  without 
'delay,  caufed  a  fleet  to  be  fitted  out  at  Nan-king ;  on  Which  he 
embarked  200,000  foldiers,  commanded  by  his  beft  officers, 
and  put  himielf  at  their  head.     Then  fetting  fai},  foOn  arrbred 
with  his  forces  at  H^-kew  (O).     As  foon  as  Chen^yew-fyang 
was  informed  of  his  enemy's  approac^h,  he  raifed  the  fi^ge  of 
Nan-chang-fS,  which  for  dghty-five  days  he  had  clofely  be- 
leaguered ;  and  gave  orders  to  go  and  attack  Chi^  whofe  anna- 
ment  he  met  in  the  lake  Po-yang,  near  the  mountain  Kantian 
(P),  on  the  fourteenth  of  September  {QJ^.     CUt^  having  di- 
vided his  naval  force  into  twelve  fquadrons,  Swta,  Ciang'-yu^ 
^hun^  and  other  of  his  commanders,  attacked  and  routed  die 
firft  troops  of  Chen-yeiuAyang ;  who  began  to  fear  die  confe- 
quences  of  this  firft  defeat.    Next  day  all  the  fquadrons  umted, 
in  order  to  come  to  a  general  battle.   Durii^  the  fight,  €bk 
took  advantage  of  a  high  ncH-th-eaft  wind,  and  burnt  ooa 
hundred  of  the  enemy's  fiips ;  in  which  feveral  of  Ye^u^ytmg^ 
brother^  periflied. 
rtnttdfmd     On  the  feventeenth  (R),  Yew-lyang  attacked  C%i2  wi&  frefh 
.  S^i9-        i\n^  :  but,  after  the  fight  had  continued  ixoax  feven  in  the 

( O )   mienu^    fignififes    the  {?)  In  the  Ukc,  fere  or  fix 

muth  tf  the  lake ;  for  here  one  leagues  fouth-weft,  or  S,  S..  W, 

enters  from  the  Great  Kyang  in-  ai  Jau-chew-fu.  GaubiL 

the  Po-yang  Hu,  or  lake  of  Pe^  (CL)  Called  the  day  U^t/e  of 

yang.  It  is  a  town  of  kyang- fi^  Xhe  fcventh  month.    dauhiL 

^rtveWc  or  thirteen  leagues  to  the  (R)  The  day  CaHcd  Sinmam. 

oa^  of  fyw'fyang'fH  Gauhil,  Gaubil. 

morning 

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C.i3*  /i>TaitaiY4«^Cliiii4.  Jfi 

iQormBg  to  eleven  o'clock  (S),  he  was  defeated;  and  his  lobThirteentb. 
was  fo  great,  that  his  iofiipportaWe  pride  was  confounded  at  A  owhan- 
the  fight  of  his  army.    Ope  of  his  generals  attempted  to  iaze^®"*^*"'  •^ 
the  poft  of  the  mountain  Ifyay  (T) ;  but  CM  ordered  him  to  Shun-ti. 
be  indofed,  fo  that  he  could  not  retire.     The  fame .  night  his '  *~w~'-^ 
fleet  cafi  anchor  at  Tyb-li,  i|nd  continued  three  days  facing  that 
«f  Tew'fyaag  ^  vho,  on  the  dghteenth  of  Odlober  (U),  refolv- 
ii^  to  breaH  thro'  his  enemies  at  any  rifque,  made  an  attempt : 
bat  ChA  prevented  his  defign,  and  attacked  him  on  all  fides 
torn  five  ^  (even  in  the  evening  (X).     The  battle  was  fought 
with  ^pal  ob^inacy  on  bodi  fi^ :  at  length,  Tew-lydng  hav- 
ing been  killed  with  an  arrow,  his  fleet  difperfed.    The  fon, 
whom  he  h^d  appointed  his  heir«  was  taken  prifoner ;  and  his 
generajs,  with  their  troops,  their  horfes,  and  barks,  furren^ 
d^^ .  to  the  viftor.     However,  Chang-ting-pyen,  one  of  Ws 
generals,  efi::q>ed  by  night,  in  a  fmall  bark,  with  the  corpfe  of 
Tev»4y4ngj  and  one  of  his  fons,  named  Che^-li.     This  famous 
viftory  did  great  honour  to  Chu  ;  who  not  only  gained  a  rich 
})ooty,  b^t  becajile  confiderably  more  powerful  by  the  acceffion 
of  fo  many  fcH?Qes. 

T^fy-'l.TJNG  was  one  of  the  greateft  captains  of  his  ^nv/rou- 
lime ;  and  forty-four  years  old  when  he  died  t  but  his  death  i/w  arifi. 
Wias  of  fiasall  advantage  to  the  Mungls,  wfaoie  affairs  grew 
daily  nvorfb.  ^  A  Chinefe  grandee,  abufing  the  wedcnefs  of  thdr 
power  in  fh^  fouth,  fet  up  for  himfelf  in  Si-cbew-flif  a  great 
^  rich  ;dty  of  Kyang-nnn ;  refufing  to  let  the  imperial  conl- 
fiufliooers  feave  the  provifions  which  they  wanted  to  fend  from 
tbsoce  to  the  court.    On  the  other  hand,  Pdo-temiry  notwith-  . 
flancUog  die  emperw's  compiands,   entered  with  his  troops 
-1^0  ^  diftrift  of  Koko-temur :  but  his  army  was  routed,  and 
two  of  his  beft  generals  taken  prifoners.    Mean  time  the  prince 
id^eritor*  who  could  never  forgive  Tay-ping  for  having  dif-  » 

fuaded  his  father  from  refigning  the  empire,  fet  on  Sho-fe^ 
iysn  to  accufe  him.  That  nunifter,  who  was  void  of  honour, 
undertook  "the  iniquitous  taflc  in  November ^  and  Tay-ping  was 
bamflied  into  Tibet :  but  the  prince  procured  him  to  be  fkski 
i>atheroad^ 

^  G/IUBI4..  ubi  fap.  p.  304,  &&qq« 

^S)  ^roin  the  hour  of  die  half  S.  S.  W.  of  ^*-^/w.    Ctff- 

Dragon^  which  take?  up  from  hil, 

foreu  to  «inp5  to  the  hour  of        (U)  The  day  Gan-^u  of  the 

the  Horfe^  which  includes  from  eighth  mpnth.    Gaubil, 
eleven  to  one  o'clock.  Gaubil.  (X)    From  the  hour  of  the 

(Tj  in  the  lake,  a  league  and  Dmgon  to  that  of  die  Hen,  Gmtb. 

E  4  ^  Two 

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.72  Jcn^hiz  Khki^ s  Succiffbrs  B.  II. 

IThirteev^b,     Two  cunuchs  and  Sho-fe-kyefiy  who  were  at  this  time  ab* 
Tow.iau-  folute  mafters  of  the  will  both  of  the  emperor  and  prince  Ay^ 
temur,  oryg^jj^iiif^f^^  gQt  a  mandarin,  celebrated  for  his  probity,  to 
^^°^be  turned  out  of  place.     Chen-tflt-jiny  a  cenfor  of  the  empire, 
^T*'^^^T**^prefe        no  fewer  than  three  petitions  to  Towhan-temilr^  ex- 
b^ied    ^^''^^  W°^  ^^  P^^  ^^^^  covivt  the  two  eunuchs  and  Sho^fe^ 
'^     '  kyen\  to  alter  his  conduft,  and  open  at  length  his  eyes  to  the 
evils  which  he  had  brought  on  the  empire  by  his  irregularities  : 
in  fhort,  he  told  him  the  ruin  both  of  the  empire,  and  his  fa- 
mily, would  quickly  arrive,  unlefs  he  followed  the  rules  of 
virtue.     Tf^-jin  was  "feconded  by  other  mandarins  :   but  all 
their  reprefentations  were  ill  received ;  and  CherftJ^-jin^  in  par- 
ticular, was  baniftied  to  Kan-chew  in  Shen-Ji.     As  this  was  in 
December y  hie  fuffered  much  on  the  road  by  the  rigour  of  the 
feafon  :  his  exile  was  the  caufe  of  great  difaffeftion  5  and  the 
Chinefes  complained  loudly  of  thefe  afts  of  injuftice. 
Chft  fro-      In  January  1 364  the  generals  of  Chii  prr^pofed  to  have  him 
claimed     prodaimed  emperor  5  but  he  declined  it,  and  at  firft  was  con- 
iing^         tent  with  the. tide  of  king  of  U.    In  this  quality  he  appointed 
A.  D.       Li'Jhen-chong  and  Suta  his  prime  minifters  and  ^nerals :  he 
'3^4'       afterwards  named  other  officers;  and,  having  aflembled  the 
grandees,  told  them,  *<  That  they  ought  to  confider,  that  he 
^*  had  not  accepted  the  title  of  king,  but  on  condition  to  en- 
**  deavour  to  make  the  Chinefes  happy :  and  that  it  was  necef- 
**  fary,  in  •  the  beginning  of  his  reign,  to  agree  upon  good 
*'  laws ;  in  which  point  the  Mungls  had  been  wanting.  With 
<«  regard  to  the  rites  and  ceremonies,  faid  he,  ufed  in  reli^<Hi, 
**  I  am  of  opinion,  that,  in  the  firft  place,  each  of  us  ought 
"  to  think  ferioufly  of  reforming  his  own  heart.     He  added, 
"  As  you  have  been  my  dear  companions,  affift  me ;  have  no* 
^*  thing  elfe  in  view ;  think  only  of  beginning  well." 
fgj^es  Vii-     In  February  that  prince  fet  forward,  to  condnue  in  perfon 
c'h^ng-fii,  the  fiegc  of  VA-chang-fu^  capital  of  Hu-^quang,     The  city  was 
taken  :  and  Chen-H,  who  had  fucceeded  his  father  Cheney ev}* 
lyang^  furrendered,  with  the  officers  of  his  party.     ChA  gave 
orders  to  relieve  thofe  in  mif(?ry,  encourage  the  literati,  and 
neither  plunder  nor  deftroy  aay-body.    This  wife  conduct  pro- 
cured him  an  eafy  conqueft  both  of  Kyang-Ji  and  HA-quang^ 
The  Chinefes  fubmitted  to  him  in  crouds  :  arid  were  proud  to 
fee  a  prince  fo  generous,  and  moderate  in  his  paffions ;  a  friend 
to  men  of  letters  ;  affiible,  and  ftudious  to  govern  the  nation 
a.ccording  to  antient  laws  and  cuftoms. 
Cruelty  of    Mean  time  the  court  of  Tow han-^t emir  was  divide  into 
iie  frince^l^er^l  powerful  parties,  who  thought  of  nothing  b,ut  how  t;o 
fiipplant  and  deftroy  each  other.   The  prince  inheritor,  inAead 
of  fe-ioufly  ead^avpuring  to  gain  tbQ  IpvQ  a^d  ^ftcem  of  the 


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C.  13.  In  Tartafy  and  China. 73 

officers,  in  order  to  engage  them  to  fupport  the  throne,  minded  TJiV/fw/*; 
only  to  gratify  his  private  hatred  againft  feveral  lords.    HcTowhan- 
made  ufe  of  the  eunuch  Pu-p^wha,  and  the  minifler  Sho-fe-  tcm6r,  #r 
fyen,  to  accufe  whomfoever  he  would.    They  invented  crimes ;  Shun-tu 
and  were  not  afhamed  to  imprifon,  and  even  put  to  death, '~  ^  ' 
great  lords,  whofe  only  mifdemeanour  was,  their  oppofing  the 
criminal  intrigues  of  thofe  two  inftruments  of  evil.     One  of 
thefc  unjuftly-accufed  lords  was  Lau-ti-Jha,  who,  to  fave  hi$ 
life,  retired  to  Pok-temiir  at  Tay-ting-f^^  in  Shan-fu     The  em- 
peror was  informed  of  the  innocence  of  thofe  perfons,  and  of 
the  murmurs  which  every-where  were  heard.   Many  reprefent 
tations  were  made  thereupon  to  the  prince :  but  Jyyewfhili* 
tataw^  little  acquaintjsd  with  his  true  interefts  ;  and,  inftead 
of  defifting  from  his   accufations  to  niind  the  public  good, 
engaged  himfelf  very  indifcretely  in  meafures,  which,  he  might 
ea&y  have  forefeen,    would  complete  the  ruin  of  the  em- 
pire (X). 

KOKO'TEMUR  was  a  mortal  enemy  to  Polo-tem^r;  zmdandinsim^ 
each  of  them  had  his  friends  and  agents  at  the  court.     InJHfi^^^ 
Jpril  the  prince  caufed  the  general  nkyen-tem^r  to  be  accufed ; 
and,  when  Polo-tem^r,  his  intimate  mend,  pleaded  his  inno*- 
cence,  inftead  of  hearing   his  reprefentations,  they  deprived 
himfelf  of  thei  dignity  of  general  at  Tay-ting-f^.     As  Polo- 
femur  knew  that  this  order  had  been  given,  without  the  em- 
peror's  knowlege,  by  the  brigues  of  P4'j>4'wha  and  Sho-fe-kyen^ 
he  did  not  obey  it;  and,  having  conferred  with  the  zccvSc^ Checked hj 
lords,  took  up  arms,  with  a  refolution  to  oblige  the  emperor  Polo  j 
to  drive  thofe  from  about  him  who  gave  him  fuch  bad  coun- 
feL     TAkyen-tem^ir  being  detached  to  poffefs  the  pofl  of  Ku" 
yong-quan,  the  prince  marched  from  Ta-0  to  oppofe  that  ge- 
neral ;  but  was  repulfed,  and  obliged  to  retire  into  Tartary, 
Hereupon  Tttkyen  appeared  before  the  imperial  city ;  which 
direw  every  thing  there  into  confufion.     This  made  the  empe-  , 
ror  inquire  into  the  afFair ;  and,  having  thoroughly  informed 
himfelf,  fent  for  Tt^yen^  reflored  Polo'temun  and  delivered  up 

(X)  To  one  who  has  read  the  head  is  bad,  and  the  majority  of 

hiftory  of  the  former  Jl/«»'^/ em-  minifters  and  courtiers  are  cor- 

pcrors,  it  may  ftem  furprifing  rupt:    for  then  the  head   will 

}iow  this,  who  w^^  fo  weak  and  n^ver  want  evil  indruments,  who 

bad  an  one,  (hould  be  fuffered  to  will  aiTift  him  in  all  his  d^figna ; 

reign  fo  long,  or  the  prince  to  and,   for  reward   or  ambition, 

deftroy  fo  many  gr^at  men  by  deftroy  the  good  men,  and  even 

falfe  accufations.    Bat  all  this  one  another,  to  ferve  his  pur- 

inay  be  accounted  for  from  the  pof^^s^aQd  fupport  hi$  tyranny, 
mtme  of  a  court  where '  the 

to 

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74  JtnghizKlAn^s  Smtfftrs  B.H. 

7hirteentb.to  him, both  P^pAiuha  and  Sho-fe-kyen*    After  this,  the  army 
Towhan-  under  Tikyeh  was  fent  back  to  Tay-tong-fA ;  and  the  pnncp 
temiir,  or  jjiheritor  returned  to  court  by  his  father's  order  «• 
Shun-ti.      rpjjg  prince,  who  now  thought  of  nothing  bpt  to  te  re- 
venged on  Polo'tem^r,  mkde  choice  of  Koka-temAr  to  pcecute 
his  dcfign.    He  raifed  an  army  of  100,000  men,  divided  intQ 
three  bodies  ;  and  fent  a  general,  with  40,000  of  them,  to 
attack  Tay-tong-fi.     Polo-tenUir,  who  had  friends  and  troops 
levery-where,  left  officers  to  guard  that  dty ;  and  took  mea- 
fores  with  Lau-ti-Jha  and  TMyen-temur  to  make  himfelf  niafter 
of  the  emperor's  palace.     He  put  himfelf  at  the  head  of  his 
troops,  and  ordered  Ku-yon-quang  to  be  taken.    In  Septemher 
the  prince  marched  to  oppofe  lum,  but  his  army  was  routed  ; 
and,  not  thinking  himfetf  fafe  at  Ta-t^^  v/hxthtr- Poh-t^mur 
followed  him  with  expedition,  he  left  it  acain  with  a  body  of 
troops,  and  retired  to  Ta-ywen-fA^  capital  of  Shan-Ji.    Poh* 
temAr,  bring  arrived  at  the  djy,  left  his  forces  without  the 
^tes ;  and,  on  the  ninth  of  the  fame  mcmth  (Y),  catering  the 
^       palace,  followed  by  feveral  lords,  prefented  himfelf  befiore  the 
emperor,  on  his  knees,  and  affured  him,  that,  with  regard  to 
^hat  had  pafled,  the  fault  was  none  of  his.    Towhan^iemfir, 
who  on  this  occafiqu  let  fall  tears^  declared  him  generalifliaH> 
and  prime  minifter^     Lau-ti-Jba  and  TAkyen  had  poft^  undo* 
him ;  and,  in  all  the  tribunals,  they  had  men  of  their  owfi 
party. 
mndmaftir     POLO-TEMUR  began  his  miniftry  by  cauling  Tdo^tpn&r^ 
mt  court,    the  principal  companion  and  inihtiment  of  the  emperor's  de- 
A»  D.    bauches,  to  be  killed :  he  drove  the  lamas  from  court,  a&4 
J  366.    forbad  the  exercife  of  dieir  relig^n.    Ifad  this  general  ftopp^ 
tiiere,  things  might  have  gone  well :  but  hepa0ed  thebo^w4s 
of  prudence ;  and,  without  the  advice  of  his  beft  friends,  ftt* 
tempted  to  get  the  prince  inhei^tor  fet  afide>  and  JC^^-temfir 
degraded.    Befides  this,  he  gave  himfelf  up  to  aU  Jgio^  of 
debauchery,  and  that  was  what  ruined  him.    In  MarcA  1366 
the  prince  took  the  field,  with  a  refolution  either  to  perifii,  or 
deftroy  his  enemy :  his  army  was  numerous,  and  commanded 
by  Koko'tetfdr,  a  general  of  confummate  experience.    As  foon 
as  Polo'temur  was  informed  of  yfyyevf/hilitata's  march,  hecaiuied 
the  emprefs  Ki  to  come  otit  of  thepakoe;  and  compelled  4mr 
to  fign  an  order  for  |he  prifice  to  come  to  her :  but  he  did 
'not  think  fit  to  obey  it. 

9  GAUBiL/tibi  fup.  p.  307,  8c  fcqq,    . 
(Y)  The  <ky  U^f/i  of  the  fcvcnth  mondi.    Gfiuii/. 

While 

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C.  i^  Im  Tartary  and  Qhba.  75 

While  Tikyeii^emur  was  on  his  march  to  Shang-iAj  toTHrteenih^ 
oppofe  the  prince's  party,  Te/ti  was  detached   to  make  headTowhan- 
d^dnH  Koka-tetnur  :  but,  when  he  arrived  at  Lyawg'-^^w^,  I^c'q?^^'  ''' 
took  counfd  with  the  officers,  in  which  it  was  refolved  not  to,   ^'l^^* 
obey  Poh'temur,  as  being  a  rebel.    T^i  went  on  to  Yong-ping-    ^»*^-* 
fi  (in  P€'che'li)y  from  whence  he  fent  an  exprefs  to  Koko* 
ttmkr ;  and  then  marched  into  Lyau-tong,  to  confer  with  feve- 
ral  princes  of  the  blood,  who  were  in  thofe  parts.     The  mi- 
nifter,  incenfed  at  this  aefertion  of  Tefi^  fent  an  army  to  at- 
tack him :  but,  he  having  defeated  it,  and  flain  the  general^ 
PohUmur,  more  enraged  ftill^  marched  himfelf ;  yet  was  ob- 
.  bilged  to  return  without  doing  any  thing,  by  a  heavy  rain 
wWch  continued  for  three  days  and  nights  lucceffively.    meaxilnfnapid 
time  the  emprefs  AS,  knowing  the  fcribfc  of  Poto^  pKKured  him  h  t^^^r 
feva^  young  g^ls  of  great  beauty,  by  whofe  means  fhe  ob-/^''^'* 
tained  her  liberty,  and  returned  to  the  palace ;  where,  under- 
hand, ihe  effeAually  ^«^t>ught  thedeftruftion  of  that  ounifter^ 
by  amnfing  and  loihariDg  him  with  the  gratification  of  hia 
pafiioBS. 

TiUNciB  being  in  thispofhure,  H^Jha^g^  one  of  the  prind* 
pal  lords  of  the  courts  c^tained  fecret  orders  from  the^mpe- 
ror  to  kill  Poh-^temAr ;  in  which  enterprize  Shang-tltrma^  Kin- 
mt'hay^  aad  Petar^  three  young  lords  of  refolutioo,  engaged 
to  affiii  him.  They  took  the  opportunity  t>ne  day  in  icptem^ 
her^  when  that  minifter  came  to  acquaint  his  miyefW  wit)^ 
the  reduction  of  SIuMg^i^  in  Tartary,  by  the  general  TAfy^ff 
teadr.  The  emperor  being  at  this  time  m  a  ^reat  hall,  with 
iBGaay  ooprtiers  about  him,  Petar  Separated  himfelf  from  Hntisjlaitu 
Rft ;  and,  placing  hkifelf  at  the  door,  ilew  Polo^ttnUtr  (2)  at 
kewas  s^bmt  to  «nt^»  Lan'4i-Jha  ho'eupon  fled  towards  th» 
Mth :  l>ut,  a  pcodamatioa  being  iflued  to  kill  him,  he  was 
tstoi,  and  put  to  death*  Tukyen^timAr^  who  was  then  at 
Sbang'4Aj  and  did  not  hear  of  what  had  happened  at  Tn^ti^ 
tiU  feveral  days  after,  would  alio  have  made  his  elcape  widi 
feveml  cuirafli^s ;  but  was  taken  and  flain*  Thegatespf  ?«• 
tA  wese  ffaut  for  three  days/on  accoimt  of  theie  tzmibles :  bati 
ia  the  mean  time,  feveral  detachments  of  the  princess  arm; 
anrmog  in  the  ndgbbourhood,  thefe  troops  fcaled  the  walls, 
opebed  one  of  the  gales,  and  fluodered  great  part  <of  the 
dty. 

(Z)  He  was  of  the  herd  ^^/m-  father  Tajhe-^emtir^  grandfather 

ifit  and  one  of  the  chief  Mungl  Tejutar^  and  great  grandfather 

fonilies,  defceiided  from  Polo-  Njienv-Jyen,  were  famous  com- 

tajf,  an  illuflnous  oificer  in  the  manders  in  chief  of  the  impe- 

^u^y  of  JenghH  JPfdn,    His  rial  armlet.    Gaubii. 


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y6  Jenghfz  KhSm's  Succeffars  B.  II. 

Thirteenth.     TOIVHAN-TE MUR,  having  thus  dcftroycd  his  new  mi- 

Towhan-  niftcr  (or  rather  matter),  fent  his  head  to  the  prince  his  fon, 

temiir,  tfrwith  orders  to  repair  to  court.     He  came  efcorted  by  Koko- 

Shnn-ti.  t^Tn^r,  who  was  appdnted  minifter.    In  the  tenth  month  he 

V  T^*'"^was  declared  r^iilo,  and  generaliffimo  of  the  armies.     He  ap- 

.  ^  .^  'peared  at  court  with  a  train  and  equipage  almoft  equal  to  that 

^a^^    of  the  emperor.     The  prince  made  inftances,  that  he  might 

be  permitted  to  carry  on  the  war  in  the  fouthem  provinces :  but 

his  motion  was  not  complied  with.     About  this  time  the  true 

emprefs,  who  was  of  the  Hongkila  family,  dying  without  arqr 

children  living.  A/,  who  before  was  only  nominally  emprefs,  in 

the  twelfth  month  fucceeded  to  the  rank  and  honours  of  the 

deceafed. 

Caufes  At  the  beginning  of  this  year  Koh^temir^  going  into  Ho* 

newhroi/j.nan,  had  great  difputes  with  the  generals  of  tl^  province  of 

Shen-Jif  who  would  never  acknowlege  his  authority  ;  fo  that 

at  length  they  came  to  hoftilities.     Thus  the  empire  of  the 

Vwen  was  attacked  in  all  manners,  both  within  and  without : 

The  great  men  lived  independent ;  the  emperor  minded  nothii^ 

but  pleafure ;  and  the  prince,  befldes  other  great  faults,  had 

hot  talents  to  re-unite  the  nunds  of  the  people,  and  bring  them 

to  labour  in  concert  for  the  good  of  the  public  •*. 

jfffairs  of    At  the  beginning  of  the  fame  year  alio  the  Whang-ho^  by 

the  reie/i.  Its  precipitate  courfe  northward,  made  great  ravages  in  Shan-^ 

tong  and  Pe-che-U.    Ming-yu-chen^  pretended  emperor  of  Hya^ 

died  in  the  third  month ;  and  was  fucceeded  by  one  of  his 

fons,  no  more  than  ten  years  of  age.     Han-Un'eul,  who  called 

Mmfelf  emperor  of  the  Song^  died  alfo  in  the  thirteenth  month. 

With  r^rd  to  the  proceedings  of  CAtf ,  he  took  Whay-gan'^A  < 

in  the  fourth  month ;  and  caufed  a  fearch  to  be  made  for  oM 

bobks  in  the  fifth.     In  the  ninth  month  he  fent -two  generals, 

with  200,000  men,  to  make  war  upon  Chang-Jhi-cheng^  who 

fet  up  for  king  in  one  part  of  Che-ky^ng  and  Kyang^nan. 

They  beat  his*  troops  four  times,  and  took  H^-chew-fi^  one 

tf  the  moft  beautiful  and  rich  cities  of  Che-kyang.    At  the 

fame  time  ChA  made  himfelf  mafter  of  Hang-chew-fA^  capital 

of  that  province,  Shau-hing-fAy  Kya-htng-fA^   and  other  im^ 

portant  places,    In  the  twdfth  month  he  caufed  one  palace  tt> 

be  built  for  h^  court,  and  another  to  honour  bis  anceftors  in. 

The  prime     To  return  to  the  diftrafted  afliirs  of  the  Mungl  court.  The 

'V^n"^'  P^^^^^  \^t\xig  near  Ta-tA^  in  the  year  1367,  the  emprcfe  Ajt, 

^^'     nls  mother,  fent  a  trufty  lord  to  compliment  him,  and  tell 

'  J"7'     him,  that  (he  prefled  Towhan^temur  to  refign  the  e^mpire.  Koko* 

imur^  who  knew  this  defign,  fent  the  efcort  troops,  into  H^ 

k  Gavbii.,  ubi  fap.  p.  309,  4^feq()« 

nan£ 


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C 13.  In  Tartary  aniOmz.  -  77 

nm\  and,  finding  the  prince  appeared  difcontentcd,  was  KA^-Thirteenik. 
liged  to  go  into  that  province  himfelf.     The  emperor,  who  Towhan- 
came  to  be  informed  of  the  differences  which  fubfifted  between  ^5?  *"'  V^ 
Mo  and  the  generals  of  Shan-ft^   fent  an  officer  to  decide,    _"'V^' 
'  them:  but  that  minifler  flew  the  officer,  and  feemed  inclmed     ^^ 
to  become  independent.  Tcwhan-tem^r  was,  on  the  other  hand, 
follicited  to  abdicate  the  empire :  but,  altho'  he  ftill  refufed  to  .  ' 
part  with  the  title,  yet  he  gave  to  the  prince  the  whole  power, 
declaring  him  generaliffimo  of  the  armies, '  and  lieutenant- 
general  of  the  ftate.     This  new  promotion  made  Koko-temur 
take  new  meafures  :  he  oppofed  the  emperor's  orders  in  fevour 
of  Jyyevjjbilitata  ;  but,  at  the  fame  time,  was  accufed  by  one 
of  his  difcontentcd  officers.  Hereupon  Towhan-tem^r  cafhiered  Koko  a^ 
Kokoy  difpofed  of  his  employments  to  others,  and  appointed A*^''''« 
officers  to  command  the  troops  of  that  general.     The  dif^ 
carded  minifler  retired  to  Che-Jh^  (A),  a  ftrong  place  in  Shan- 
fiy  fully  refolved  to  be  revenged  on  the  firft  occafion.     All 
this  could  not  pafs  without  exciting  great  troubles ;  and  the 
Mungl  affairs  grew  worfe  than  ever. 

While  To-whan-tcmurlo^  all  by  his  want  of  conduft,  every-  ChftVyW- 
thmg  fucceeded  with  the  prudent  CM.  This  prince,  tho'  of  ^^» 
an  obfcure  birth,  and  brought  up  from  his  infancy  among 
mean  people  {B),  yet  difcovered  moft  of  the  grand  qualities 
which  have  rendered  immortal  the  memory  of  the  greateft 
princes.  He  publiflied  the  form  of  the  Chinefe  government 
which  he  propofed  to  introduce ;  and  took  for  a  model  that 
which  the  literati  boaft  of  fo  much  in  Yau^  Shun,  and  the 
three  families  (or  dynafties)  of  Hya,  Shang,  and  ChA :  he 
inflituted  the  examinations  for  men  of  letters,  and  military 
officers  ;  nor  did  he  forget  what  concerned  the  tribunal  of  ma- 
thematics. He  caufed  a  diligent  fearch  to  be  made  for  men 
-of  merit ;  rewarding,  like  a  t;:ue  king,  both  fuch  perfon  found, 

(A)  In  the  Jefuit's  map  it  is  the  dregs  of  the  people,  was  l^e 
^fecbew.  fliame  of  emperors  fprung  from 

(B)  He  had  been  a  fervant  in  emperors ;  and  the  ihade  thrown 
a  monailery  of  bonzas ;  fome  by  his  reign  on  that  of  ^otwhan" 
f^jf  in  fo  mean  a  quality  as  that  temur,  is  the  fboneer  for  the 
of  fcullion,  under  the  cook :  in  lownefs  of  his  birth.  Of  the 
which  ftation  he  continued  for  fame  kind  is  the  famous  Laitb, 
many  years,  till,  in  the  time  of  Leitb,  or  Leiz,  who,  from  a 
the  troubles,  he  quitted  the  kit-  brsfier,  became  king  of  Iran,  or 
chen  for  the  army.  Many  fuch  Per/ta  at  large,  about  the  year 
heroes  might  be  found  among  of  Chrift  871,  and  was  one  of 
the  commonalty  every-where,  the  beft  monarchs  who  ever  fat 
had  they  opportunity  to  exert  on  the  throne  of  that  kingdom. 
their  genius.    C^u,  fprung  from  ' 

'  and 


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78  Jcnghlz  Khin'i  Succejfors  B.  IL 

Jbirtauth.axA  the  pcrfoa  fiading.    All  thofe  were  acceptable  to  him  who 
TowhaO"^  had  aay  talent  for  military  affairs,  or  navigadon,  for  arts, 
tcm&r-  fr{f^et^Qi^9  or  mathematics.     He  was  at  no  idle  expence  to  ferve 
Shuo-tL  y^  plcafures ;  and  bad  an  averlion  to  every  thing  which  tended 
Vr^^~T  to  dfeminate  princes.    In  the  palace,  which  he  built  atA^^n- 
cuaiiits.  ^S*  ^  forbad  layiag  out  too  much  in  coftly  furmture,  and 
*  &ragn  curioiities ;  elpecially  prohibiting,  unaer  fevere  penal- 
ties, mimodeft  pidbures  and  ftatues.     He  won  the  hearts  of  the 
mechanics,  huioandmen,  and  other  clafles  of  the  people,  to  whom 
he  difdained  not  to  talk  himfelf,  and  tiifcourf^  about  mat- 
tcrs  relating  to  them.    Ho  took  particular  care  alfo  to  make 
diofe  amends  who  had  fuffered  damages,  and  g^ve  them  con- 
fiderable  relief.    Befides  thefe  good  qualities,  lie  was  en- 
dowed with  a  more  than  common  genius ;  fo  that,  by  the  con- 
ferences only  which  he  had  with  tihe  literati,  he  fbon  became 
mafter  of  all  that  is  eflentlal  in  the  Chinefe  fdences.    His  va- 
lour, niuUtary  ikill,  and  greatnefs  of  foul,  joined  to  his  equity 
in  die  diftribudpn  of  commendadons,  favours,  and  employ- 
ments, made  hiQi  highly  efleemed  by  the  officers,  who  were 
Arongly  attached  to  him  K 
^V" L       ^^        TdXi^  month  the  gqoerals  Suta  and  Cbang-yu-chun 
tbifouth.  j.^qced  Sti'chrW'fA^  and  the  whole  pfovince  of  Kyang-nan, 
They  likcwife  tocJc  prifoners  Chang-jbi-cheng^  and  all  thofe  of 
his  party,  with  nine  princes  of  the  blood ;  who  wer^  all  con- 
ducted to  Nan-kingt  where  Chang-Jbi'cheng  died  foon  after. 
As  for  the  princes,  Qhi  ordered  them  to  b^  treated  with  ho- 
nour ;  ^nd  fent  them^  under  the  care  of  a  mandarin,  to  the 
£Ourt  of  Towhart'temir.    After  this  expedition,  troops  were 
traniported  by  fea  into  the  prcfvince  of  ^tavg-tongy  which, 
with  ihat  of  Sj^ng-fi^  fubmitted  oi  then:  own  accord :  To- 
kytn  did  the  (ame. 
Gemrals  '    The  fouth  bemg  thus  reduced,  CM  commanded  Suta  and 
fi^^^y^^'mm^Cbang-yU'chun  to  march  iato  the  north,  at  rt^e  head  of 
nuwrd.      ;^  50^000  men,  almoft  all  horfe.'   Thefe  two  generals,  being 
Vrived  in  Sian-tong,  published  a  mam£eilo,  weU  calculated 
tm  ex^cite  «he  Chinefos  m  favour  of  Chfi^  and  reader  Tcmhanr 
tmnir  odious.    Itt  this  manifefio  they  fet  forth.  That  it  be- 
-longed  to  the  Chinefes  to  govern  the  barbarians ^  and  not  to  the 
iarbarians  to  govern  the  Chinefes.     After  this,   they  fall  on 
the  crimes  of  the  Mungl  emperors  ;  a^id  the  faults  of  tiieir 
government  fince  the  dme  of  Tim4r,  who  fucceeded  H^-pi-ky, 
Thfirma- Thty  fhew,  "  that  thofe  princes  have  fet  afide  the  order  of, 
ni/ejio.      "  fucccffion :  that  brothers  have  poifoned  their  brothers ;  ^nd 
**  a  fon  taten  his  father's  wives :' that  there  is  no  fubordina- 

*  Gavbil,  ubi  fop.  p.  3x2,  $:  fcqq. 

"  don; 

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d  I  J.  In  Tartary  and  ChiftaT  79 

"  don :  that  they  have  deftroyed  the  Chmefe  rules  o(  gotntn'THrteentB: 
•*  mart;  and  paid  no  r^ard  to  the  doftiiiie  (or  reli^on)  ofTowhan- 
^  tbdrnadon.  After  this,  they  conclude  dutt  the  time  istemdr,  ot 
V  come  to  drive  fordgna^  out  of  the  em]Mre.  Here  they  Shun^d.^ 
"  draw  the  charader  of  CM,  whom  they  declare  to  be  th«'""*<"^ 
^  perfon  choTen  by  heaven  for  the  mafter  of  Ciim ;  and  in- 
''  msec  wha^  the  people  may  promife  themfelves  from  the 
"  government  of  ib  great  a  prince." 

This  manifefto,  fpread  thro'  the  provioceSy  had  a  rtrjgcesiiSitidue 
efiefl.    Suta  and  his  coll^ue  reduced  the  whole  provni^  of  Shan- 
Sian-tor^  without  any  trouble.     During  this  time  die  4if-tong. 
traAioQS  continued  in  thofe  of  Shen'Jt^  Sh^n^Ji^  and  U^'^ktn  ; 
occafioned  by  the  difpute  betweeft  Koto^emir  and  the  gene- 
rals of  Shen-Ji,  concerning  thdr  refpedtive  jurifdifdons  s  nor  • 
had  the  empercx*  authority  eAongh  to  put  an  end  to  it. 

We  are  now  come  to  the  firft  day  of  the  year  1368,  which  Chu/fv 
was  one  of  the  mofi  folemn  days  which  the  city  of  Nan-king  claimed 
ever  beheld«    Befides  the  rejoidngs  made  on  account  rf  its  fvtferor.  • 
ufhering  in  die  year,  CbA  chofe  dmt  day  to  have  bimfctf  de-    ^""P* 
clar^  emperor  of  China.    He  went  to  the  tempfe  of  heaven,     *3^" 
to  make  a  folomi  faciifice ;  declared  his  eldeft  fon  prince  In*  • 
jieritor,  and  made  feveral  wife  regulations.     They  give  him 
the  tide  of  Hong-vA  (C)  j  and  the  year  1 368  is  reckoned  for 
the  firft  of  his  reign.     After  this,  his  troops  entered  Ho-nan^ 
and  prefemly  reduced  that  province.     In  the  fecond  month 
Towhan-iemury  inftcad  of  endeavouring  to-ftop  the  rapid  pro- 
gnefs  dE  CMy   fent  troops  agdnft  Koko'temAr.     This  general 
h^en^pon  retired  to  Ping-yang-fAy  in  the  fouth  part  of  Bhanrfi ; 
and  the  other  generals  of  the  Tiiren  (or  Mungls)  withdrew  in- 
to other  cities  :  more  to  defend  themfelves  againfl:  one  another, 
than  againfl  the  troops  of  Chu ;  whpm  we  muft  now  call  Hong* 
v^t  or  Tay-t/iif  which  is  the  title  giveli  by  the  Chinefes  to  this 
founder  of  the  Tay-ming  dynafty. 

In  the  third  month  the  troops  of  Hong-vi  reduced  line  approaches 
fortrefe  and  gorge  of  the  mountains  of  Tong'(^uan\  and,  m^hecapitaL 
the  feventh  intercalary  month,  Koko-temdr  and  Te-fti  were  fet  ' 

by  Tovohan-temur  at  the  head  of  affairs.  Hereupon  the  ge- 
nerals of  Shen-Jiy  the  mofl  illuflrious  of  whom  was  Li-tfo-tji^ 
retired  towards  the  wefl.  Mean  time  the  forces  of  Hong-vA 
entered  Ve-che-liy  from  Ho-nan  on  one  fide,  and  Shan-tong  on 
tlie  other.     In  the  fame  month  Suta  and  Chang-^u-chun  de- 

(C)   He  gave  his  dynafty  the  hay  were  called  Daymen  Khdn^ 

nzmc  of  Tay-ming,     D'Herbeiot^  that   is  (fays  Gauhil),  king   of 

p.  991,  fays,  that,  in  the  time  Tay-ming  [ovTay-min), 
of  Tamerlane^  the  kings  oi  Khat" 

4  Jeatcd 

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80  Jcngbk^Khan'j  SucofJJhrs  B.  IL 

TbtrtiiMthfesited  Poyen-temur,  oik  of  the  yjfww^/ generals^  who  was  flaia 
Towhan-  in  the  battle,  fighting  valiantly.     After  this  aftion  they  took, 
temiir,  or  the  city  of  Tong-chev),  but  twMve  miles  to  the  caft  of  Ta-ti  ; 
^^"'^^^^^  and  then  prepared  to  attack  the  capital  of  the  Mungl  empire,  now 
^"""^v^"^  reduced^  in  China^  io  very  narrow  bounds.     Hereupon  Shelye^ 
meuy  one  of  the  miniftefs,  went  to  the  temple  of  anceftors  ; 
and,  taking  the  tablets  frcttn  thence,  retired  with  the  prince 
towards  the.  north.       - 
The  Ywcn     The  25th  of  Jugujl  Ttymhari'temir  riomiriated  prince  Tem&r* 
nvitb'      puiuha  r^nt  of  tlie  empire  of  China';  and  King-tong    kp- 
draw.       pointed  for  defence  of  the  imperial  city.     Next  morning,  af- 
fembling  the  great  men,  princes,  and  jmncefles,  he  declared 
to  them,  that  he  would  retire  into  Tarfary.     Temh-'puwha, 
and  others,  fell  on  their  knels,  and,  weeping,  offered  to  march 
out  pf  7k-)frf,  and  attack  the  enany  ;  adding,  that  it  was  bet- 
ter to  die,  than  diflionour  thus,  by  flight,  the  imperial  fami- 
ly.    The  emperor  was  inflexible ;  and,  the  night  foUowng, 
in  the  midft  of  his  guards,  attended  by  his  wives,,  and  thofe 
of  the  prince,  as  well  as  by  other  princes  and  princefles,   took 
his  way  towards   the  north.     Chang-yu-chun,    informed   of 
Towhan-tem^r's  flight,  purfued  the  imperial  family  as  far,  as 
the  river  Pe  (D) ;  and  took  prifoner  MaytiHpala^  eldefl:  fon  of 
the  prince  inheritor  (E).    The  nineteenth  of  October  Hong-vA^s 
army  entered  ^a-H,  after  fome  fmall  refiftance. 
Their  dy-       THUS  ended  the  empire  of  the  Mungls  in  China^  after  it 
mafiy  endsM^A  continued  162  years,  reckoning  from  the  firfl  of  JengMz 
'    Khdn  in  1206,  to  1368 ;  when.  Tinuhan-temtlr  withdrew  out 
of  Chinay  and  Hong-f^  finifhed  his  conqueft,  by  reducing  the 
imperial  city.     The  Chinefes  reckon  only  nine  emperors  of  the 
Mungls  who  reigned  in  China,  as  hath  been  before  remarked. 
How  many  the  Mungls  compute,  does  not  diftinftly  appear ; 
for  Gaubil  does  not  exprcfly  mention  their  number.    He  only 
fays,  in  a  note  at  the  end  of  their  hiftory,  that,  if  Jfilkipa  or 
Tyen-Jhun  be  placed  among  them,  the  dynafty  of  the  Twen 
will  have  fifteen  emperors.    But  this  cannot  be,  becaufe,  as  that 
dynafly  begins  with  Hu-pi-lay,  the  four  preceding  monarchs  mufl 
be  taken  aw  ay,  which  will  reduce  the  fifteen  to  eleven  :  and 
if  the  reign  of  Afukipa,  which  is  doubtful,  be  dedufted,  there 
will  be  but  ten ;  which  is  ftill  one  more  than  is  found  on  the 

(D)  Pe-ho^  or  Pay-ho,  which  printed,  in  the  French^  Toucheneo. 

runs  by  Tong-ckcw  above-men*  GaubiL 

tioned,  and  has  its  fource  a  few  (E)Hi7»g'-i;a  treated  with  much 
leagues  to  the  north  of  Tu-Jhe-  diftindion  thofe  Munzl  princes 
kenv^  an  important  poft  of  the  who  eitjier  fell  into  his  hands, 
great  wall  in  P/r-ri;^-//,  near  the  or  furrendcred  to  him.  Col- 
gate of  the  fame  name ;  mif-  ^iU 

3  Chinefc 


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C.  1 1 :  /;*  'f  artar y  und  ChinSi  8 1 

Ckinefe  lift,  Where  Ning'tfong,  or  IRn^chipan^  brotlier  of  To-Tbirteenth. 
*whantem4r  (F),  whofe  Beign  was  but  of  two  months,  is  like- Towhan- 
wife  wanting.  temftr,  or 

But  to  return  to  Towhan^terhir,  who,  though  deprived  ^^^'J^ 
of  the  moft  valuable  part  of  his  dominions,  ftill  continued  g^'^^Towhan* 
khan  or  emperor  of  the  Munglsy  and  reigned  over  Tartafy.  (^^{^ 
This  prince  retired,  with  his  court,  to  Ing-chang,  a  city  then^/^. 
confiderable>  twenty*five  or  thirty  leagues  to  the  north-e^ 
of  Shang-t4.  Where  he  lived  two  years ;  and  then  died  in  the 
fourth  month  of  the  13^0,  in  the  fifty-firft  of  his  age,  after     * 
he  had  reigned  thirty-five  years  as  emperor  of  6!W«<z  and  Tar*- 
tary,  and  thirty-feven  ^  khan  of  Tart ary  ^ :  fo  that  his  reign  was 
longer  than  thofe  of  all  his  predeceflbrs  in  China  put  together, 
excepting  iW-/i-/ay ;  which  is  the  more  to  be  wondered  at,  con- 
iidering  the  tyranny  and  weaknefs  of  his  government. 

After  the  death  of  Towhan-tem^r,  his  fon  Jyyewjhilitata  Ayyew- 
afcended  the  throne  of  die  Mungls ;  and  removed  his  court  to^*^"*^* 
Karakofom ;  where,  according  to  xht  Chinee  hiftory,  he  founded-'^^^ 
a  new  dynafty,  called  the  T^en  of  the  north  (G).     But  here, 
for  want  of  matcriak,  we  muft  break  off  the  hiftory  of  the  fuc- 
ceflbrs  of  ^enghiz  Khin  in  Tartary ;  our  author  Gaubil  having 
carried  it  down  no  lower  than  the  death  of  Towhari'temilri  He 
indeed,  in  concludk^  that  prince's  reign,  gave  hopes  of  oblige- 
li^  the  world  alfo  with  thofe  of  his  fucceflbrs :  but  we  do  not 
fiad  he  ever  performed  that  talk  (H).    Nor  are  we  able  to  fup-^ 
fly  the  defeft  from  other  quarters :  for  d^ta  Croix  has  fumiftied 
only  a  bar6  lift  of  khans  defcended  from  7i/ff,  fourth  fon  o^ 
Jenghtz  Khduy  who  reigned  in  Tariary  \  which,  for  the  jreader's 
^tisfaftioB,  we  have  here  infcrtedi 

1 .  Mangd  Khhiy  fon  of  Tw/r.  tiflof 

2.  Kubiay,  hrothcT  of  Mangfi.    He  was  (ucceeded  by         ^^^^* 

*  GaubIl,  Pi  ^1^9  &:reqq. 

(F)  ilifi-cUpdn  tauft  be  in-  (H)  This  is  the  more  tb  be      - 
doded  in  the  fifteen  emperors  regretted ;  becanfe^  in  all  like- 
Mentioned  by  Gaubil ;  otHerwiie  lihood,  the  mifiioners  will  have 
there  would  Ibe  only  thirteen,  no  more  footing  in  China  i  and, 

6n  leaving  Asukipa  out  df  the  if  they  ihouJd,   none  hcreaftcSf 

lift.         ,  may  be  qualified  for  the  pur- 

(G)  It  might  be  reckoned  a  pofe:  for,  of  all  the  Jefuits,  ot 
new  dynafty  by  the  Chinefes^  as  other  miffionefs  ipto  that  em- 
having  no  dominion  over  them  :  pire,  not  one  of  them  feems  to 
but  muft  be  confidercd  only  is  have  had  ^ther  Jthr%dgment j 
a  continuation  of  the  fame  dy»  tafte,  or  ap^iCatton,  f6r  a  work 
nafty,  with  regard  to  the  Mungls  of  this  nature,  as  is  found  in  our 
and  Tartary.  author  Gaubih 

Mod.  Hist.  Vol*  V.  ?  i.Timfir 


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tt  Jcnghiz  Khan'i  Succejfors  B.  II. 

^.  Ttfn£r'  Khan^  bis  grandfon,  furnamed  OLyaytIt,  fon  of 
Hakim^  or  JeUkem ;  who  reigaed  twdve  years  ;  and  died  in 
1306. 

4.  Kujbilay  (I)  Khdn^  Toa  of  Jenefik^  fon  of  Termebilay,  fon 
.  oi  Jekctem^  (on  of  Kuhlay. 

5.  Togyay^  {on  of  Kujbilay. 

6.  7aj/zi  AA<2/7,  fon  of  Ntluk^  furnamed  BiUkti. 

7.  Jnu/birwan,  fon  of  Dora,  coufin  of  Tiiy zi.  This  em- 
peror was  a  prince  of  excellent  morals ;  but  he  gave  too  much 
power  to  the  governors  of  provinces,  who  afted  as  Ibvereigns, 
and  caufed  many  troubles  in  tlie  empire. 

8.  Tokatmir,  fon  of  Tim^r  K/?4n. 

9.  Bifurdar, 

10.  j^yke^  foti  of  Bi/drdan 

1 1 .  I^nk  Khan,* 

12.  Keytmdr. 

13.  JrkitmAr. 

14.  EUhi  Tim$^r  Kh&n ;  who  went  to  Tamerlan^  and  lived 
in  his  court,  till  the  death  of  that  prince ;  after  which,  he  re- 
turned to  Olugh-yurt  (K),  where  he  afcended  the  throne  in 

M05. 

15.  Waltav  Kh&n :  who  defcended  in  a  direft  line  from  prince 
Jrtikbuga^  fourth  fon  of  Tuli  KhAn. 

16.  Orday^  (on  of  Orday^  fonof  Ma  lek7tm$lr. 

17.  and  laft,  Jday^  fon  of  Jrkitmtir 

These  two  laft  khans  lived  fo  obfcurely,  that  they  are  looked. 

on  in  the  lame  Hght  with  their  great  anceftor  Jrtikb^ga,  who 

never  was  numbered  among  the  khans.    From  this  time,  there 

is  no  more  talk,  at  Olugh-yurt,  of  the  princes  defcended  from 

Jenghtz  Khdn ;  but  only  of  thofe  defcended  from  Kublay,  and 

who  remained  kings  of  China;  of  whom  there  is  nientioa 

made  K 

from  ori'       We  know  not  well  what  judgment  to  pafs  on  this  lift  of 

ifttal  rt«-  khans,  taken  from  the  oriental  authors :  for  it  does  not  ap- 

^^^^h  ..     pear,  from  the  Chincfe  hiftoEy,  that- there  were  any  khans  in  Jtbc 

eaftern  part  of  Tartary^  much  lefs  at  Karakorom^  during  the 

dominion  of  the  MungU  over  China ;  who  governed  that  vaft 

r^on  by  their  ^[enerals,  or  lieutenants,  and  feem  to  have  re- 

fided  at  Karakprom.   And  this  is  the  more  probable,  as  we  find 

Jyyewjhilitatai  in  the  year  1370,  removed  his  court  to  that 

J  De  la  Croix,  hift.  Gengh.  p.  400,  &  feq. 

(I)  This  is  doubtlefs  the  fame        (K)  Olugb-yurty  a  city  but  a 

ntfme  with  Hojhtia,  in  the  Cbinefc  litdc  way  diftant  from  Karako- 

hiftory ;  but  wc  will  not  fay  'iis  rw».     /)#  la  Croix ,  p.  397. 
tlie  name  of  the  fame  perfon.    . 

capital 

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C.  i^^  h  Tartiry  and  Chin^  g ^ 

capital  ia  Tartary ;  which  can  fcarcely  be  fuppofed  to  be  faft, 
in  cafe  there  was  any  khan  of  a  collateral  branch  reigning  there 
at  the  {ame  time,  as,  according  to  de  la  Croix's  lift,  there  muft 
have  been.  Nay,  according  to  that  lift,  they  continued  to 
rdgn  there,  without  interruption,  during  four  fucceflions,  after 
the  fifteenth  century ;  for  Elchi  Timtir  Khdr^  is  faid  to  have  af- 
cended  the  throne  in  1405. 

It  therefore  feems  moft  likely,  that  the  above-mentioned  w/  exaS.^ 
lift  of  khans  is  fpurious,  .or,  at  beft, .  drawn  up  by  the  oriental 
hiftorians,  from  uncertain  reports  and  memoirs,  wherein  gor 
veraors  of  provinces,  or  the  princes  of  certain  powerful  trills, 
have  been  miftaken  for  the  khans  of  the  Mungls ;  and  the  ra- 
ther, becaufe  D'Herbelot  informs  uS,  that  the  only  fucceflbrs 
^ljenghi%  Khhiy  who  are  mentioned  by  the  oriental  hiftorians, 
with  due  exaftnefs,  are  thofe  of  the  branch  which  reigned  in 
hin^  or  Perfia  at  large ;  of  whom  that  author  gives  a  iUl,  and 
of  none  elfe  «"•        ' 

However  that  be,  we  cannot  but  wonder  that  Mr.  Guu 
gueSf  who  undertook  to  give  an  abftraft  of  the  hiftory  of  the 
Turks  and  Mogols,  from  the  Chinefe  annals ;  fhould,  in  fpeak- 
ing  of  the  expuliion  of  thefe  latter  out  of  China,  and  their 
re-eftablifhment  in  Tartary,  quit  thofe  guides  to  follow  the 
above  erroneous  lift  of  princes  given  by  de  la  Croix,  His  words 
are ;  "  The  pofterity  of  Kublay,  who  reigned  in  China,  main- 
"  tamed  their  footing  there,  till  Hong-vd,  founder  of  a  new 
"  Chinefe  dynafty,  drove  out  Toliatmur  Khdn,  The  fon  of  this 
"  latter,  named  BifHrdar  Khdn,  repafTed  into  Tartary,  retiring 
"  beyond  the  great  defart ;  where  he  fixed  a  new  dynafty,  or 
"  rather  continued  the  Mogol  branch,  whilft  another  branch, 
"  .defcended  from  Mlakii  KhAn,  reigned  in  Perfta  "." 

This  is  related  by  Mr.  Guigues,  as  if  taken  from  the  ChinefeXj\tig\jiC% 
hiftorians,  whom  he  quotes  in  the  fame  place.   But  it  appears,  cenfured. 
from  the  above  hiftory,  that  the  emperor  and  his  fon,  who 
were  forced  out  of  China  by  Hong-vA,  were  different  princes  : 
nor  does  de  la  Croix  fay  Tokatmir  reigned  in  China ;  or  that  Bi- 
fiirdar  either  pafled  from  thence  into  Tartary,  or  \yas  his  fon. 
Befides,  if  that  lift  was  to  be  followed,  as  nine  Mogol  emperors 
reigned  in  China,  Ayke,  the  tenth' khan,  muft  have  been  him 
who  was  expelled  that  country :  for  the  princes  mentioned 
therein  are  reckoned  not  from  Kiiblay,  but  from  his  father  ^ 
Tuli,     What  renders  Mr.  Guigues's  memoir  of  lefs  fervice  is, 
that  he  does  not,  by  references,  or  otherwife,  fufficiently  di- 
ftinguifh  the  words  of  different  authors,  either  from  one  an- 
other, or  his  own  conjeftures. 

*  D'Herbel,  bibl.  orient,   p.  382.   art.  Genghez  Khanian. 
*  Guigues,  mem.  fur  Torig.  des  Huns  &  des  Turct. 

F2  In; 

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J4^  Jenghfz  Khan'j  Succ^ors  B.  IT* 

In  fine,  for  want  of  a  continued  hiftory  of  the  fucceflbrs  of 
Jenghtz  Khdn  in  the  eaft  parts  of  Tartary^  we  mnft  content 
oorfclves  with  fuch  fragments  of  it  as  arc  to  be  met  witb^  and 
thofe  relating  to  affairs  only  near  our  own  times^ 

CHAP.    XIV. 

Mijlory  of  the  MuDgIs,  after  their  Expulfion  cut  efClaim^ 
to  the  frefent. 

TBr  ArrEmHILITjrA  fucceeded  his  father  TowBan-temar 

Mungls,  -^^  in  the  empire  of  Tartaryy  as  hath  been  already  mei^ 
ji^en  tioned :  But  we  meet  with  nothing  concerning  the  reignf 
of  either  him  or  his  fucceflbrs,  for  above  200  years  after ; 
excepting  that  he,  and  the  other  princes  of  his  family,  had? 
great  wars  to  maintain  againfl  Hang-vuy  and  feveral  of  his  foc- 
joeflbrs,  in  China.  Si^-fa^  Chang-yu-churif  Li-vsn-chong,  and 
either  generals  of  that  nation,  pafled  the  great  wall,  and  har- 
Fafled  the  7'i:irf^r^  with  frequent  invafions  *.  Nor  wore  the 
latter  on  their  fide  backward,  when  any  opportunity  offered, 
to  repay  the  injury,  and  endeavour  to  recover  their  footing  iiv 
China;  the  lofs  of  whofe  rich  and  fruitful  provinces  they  greatly^ 
•  regretted.  As  the  extrafts  relating  to  the  Ming  dynafly,  given^ 
by  Couplet  and  Du  Halde^  fpeak  of  the  wars  which  the  Chinefes^ 
had  with  the  Tatars,  during  the  reigns  of  thofe  princes,  it  may 
xiot  be  amife  to  biing  together  here,  what  little  thofe  author? 
fay  concerning  them. 
hywdthe  After  the  death  of  Hong-vi,  who  drove  the  Mungis  out 
glifitrt,  of  China,  and  profecuted  the  war  agdnfl:  them  in  Tartary  r 
Ching-tfuy  ovTong-lo,  his' fourth  fon,  and  third  emperor,  pur- 
fuing  vigoroufly  what  his  father  had  begun,  puihed  them  be- 
yond the  great  kobi,  or  defart,  above  2co  leagues  north  of  the 
great  wall,  with  a  defign  to  extirpate  them :  but,  on  his  re- 
turn from  his  third  expedition  (A),  he  was  prevented,  by  death,. 
which  happened  in  1425**.  The  Mungis,  taking  heart  after 
Tong4o'%  deceafe,  to  .be  revenged  for  the  damages  that  prince 
had  done  them,  invaded  the  empire,  in  the  reign  of  Siven-tfongf 
the  fifth  emperor :  but  this  monarch,  at  the  head  of  his  artoy, 
inarched  againft,  and  defeated,  them.  5w«-f/&w^died  in  1435^ 
and  was  fucceeded  by  Ing-tfong,  only  nine  years  old.     The- 

•  Gaubil,  hift.  deGentch.  p.  317,         ^  DuHaldc's  China^ 
Vol.  II.  p,  255^. 

(A)  Tbefe  expeditions  againft    the  reign  of  Hong-n^u,  by  eithev^ 
tii6  Mungli  are  not  mentioned  in    CoupU^ox  his  tranilator  Du HaUf^ 

Mungis 

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C 14;  /» Taitary  onf^.  «5 

Mungls  (6),  taking  advantage  of  this  emperor's  yout1%  mzdft  taJb  tbt 
ccmtinnal  irruptions  into  the  provinces  of  China  which  Izytf^or 
fieareft  their  country,  and  committed  all  forts  of  rapine.  htP^^M^* 
length  Ing'tfongy  in  the  year  1449,  and  fourteenth  of  his  A.  D. 
feign,  DMurched  beyond  the  great  wall,  at  the  head  of  a  nu-  1 449. 
merous  ju-my.  Bat  his  troops,  weakened  for  want  .of  provi- 
iions,  were  intirdy  defeated;  and  himfeif,  being  taken  pri^ 
loner,  carried  iato  the  remotefl:  partof  Tartary. 

At  the  news  of  this  furprifing  eisent,  the  emprefs  ioitZnvhoh 
great  quantity  of  gold,  fdver,  and  filks,  for  her  \i\x^xi&!%ranfomi. 
ranfom ;  which  the  Mungl  king  received :  but,  after  he  had 
brought  the  captive  emperor  to  the  borders  of  Chinas  he  carried 
him  back  again,  not  tanking  the  ranfom  large  enough.  Ne^ 
verthelefe,  a  new  agreemoxt  taking  place,  fome  of  the  great 
lords  were  fent  to  receive  Ing-Sfong :  but  the  khan  was  dif^ 
pleafed,  thinking  all  the  chief  men  of  the  empire  ought  to  have 
•come  to  meet  fo  great  a  monarch,  with  the  greateft  pomp. 
He  was  conduced,  by  a  numerous  rednue,  to  the  frontiers  of 
-China ;  and,  when  near  the  mountain  Taftg-kya-lin,  fent  to 
acquaint  the  xourt,  that  he  renounced  the  empire  to  his  bro* 
ther  King'tiy  who  had  ufurped  the  crown  fr®m  the  fon  of  Ing^ 
Sfongy  who  afterwards  afcended  the  throne  a  fecond  time^  In 
the  reign  of  his  fon  and  fuoceflbr  Hyen-tjong^  ninth  emperor  of 
the  Mingy  the  Mungls,  from  time  to  time,,  came  and  plun- 
<Iercd  th^  prcmnces;  but,  in  I4j5^5,  the  fecond  year  of  his 
empire,  he  cut  in  pieces  their  army.  From  thenceforward  we 
hear  nothing  of  their  depredations,  till  the  year  1 504,  which 
was  -remarkable  for  their  irruptions',  and  the  great  booty  they 
carried  away. 

In  1 509,  the  Mungh  renewed  their  ravages,  the  year  "beforeT'i&i^ 
the  death  of  Hyau-tftrngy  the  tenth  emperor ;  whofe  fucceflbr,  Mangk 
VA-tfongy  in  1 518,  would  needs  march  againft  them  incognito,  ^^'^^|J 
in  quality  of  generafiffimo:;  from  which  defign  he  was,  with  •^-  ^• 
much  dfficulty,  diffiiaded  by  his  miniflers.     Next  year,  he  ^S*^- 
prepared  to  retire  into  either  Kydng-nan  or  Che-^yang.    Here- 
upon his  minifters  prefented  frefli  memorials ;    reprefenting, 
that,  as  tlie  Tatars  (or  Mungls)  would  look  on  this  journey  as 
a  fhameful  ffight,  they  would  grow  more  infolent ;  and  that 
his  abfencse  would  expofe  the  nOTtbern  provinces  to  their  ir- 
rapdons  :  but  he  was  nolefs  obftinate  tWs  time  than  the  for^ 
Hier,  till,  atlaft^  he  was  diverted  feom  lus  defign  by  an  in>-/^^chi- 
ondation,  which  he  took  for  a  bad  omea.     His  fucceflTor,  Sii-^^^^p^^ 
i/bngy  or  Kya-tjingy  repdred  the  great  wall  which  feparatesq;,af^j^ 

<B)  Called  all  ^Hon^  Tartars    formity,  as  well  as  propriety  and 
in  our  aathors ;  btii  we  life  the    diftitidion. 
nsmt  Mungls f  fox  fake  of  nsi* 

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86  Jenghlz  YAAvi' s  Saccejfors  B.  IL 

A.  D.    China  from  Tartary.     For  all  this,  in  isSo>  the  twenty-ninth 
155°-    of  his  reign,  the  Mungls  drew  near  Pe-king,  with  an  army  of 
60,000  men;    but  it  was  intirely  cut  to  pieces,  and  above 
200  officers  taken  prifoners.     Next  year,  the  Tatar  king  fent 
an  ambaflador,  to  afk  the  emperor's  pardon,  and  leave  for  hi$ 
•fubjefts  to  fell  horfes  in  his  dominions.     Shi-t/ong  readily  con- 
fented :  but  finding  afterwards,  that  this  permiffion  was  the 
ground  of  continual  quarrels  between  the  mandarins  and  the 
merchants,  and  often  occafioned  revolts,  he  abfolutely  prohi- 
bited that  trade. 
Ceafe  their     About  the  year  1560,  Lyew-han^  general  of  the  Chinefi 
attempt.,    army,  marching  beyond  the  great  wall,  the  Mungls,  on  news 
of  his  arrival  in  their  territories,  fled,  and  hid  themfelves  in 
•    their  fbrefts :  fo  that  there  were  no  more  than  twenty-eight 
of  them  killed  in  this  expedition,  and  the  whole  booty  taken 
was  only  170  dromedaries.    In  1 574,  the  fecond  year  of  Shin- 
tfongy  or  Van4yey  eleventh  emperor  of  the  Ming,  the  Mungls 
made  an  irruption,  into  Lyau-tong,  but  were  intirely  routed; 
A.  D.    and,  in  158^,  they  received  a  notable  defeat,  by  the  general 
'^^^»    Li'Mn,  lofing  i«,o6o  men.  Next  year,  the  rivers  were  frcfeen; 
which  facilitating  their  irruptions  into  the  empire,  they  came  in 
fwarms  5  but  were  cut  to  pieces  by  the  Cbinefe  troops.     After 
•this,  we  are  told,  t\i2Xth^  Mungls  (called  weftern  Tizf^rj,  and 
Tan-yu  (*)  by  the  Chine/esj  gsivc  over  to  difturb  the  empire,  and 
lived  quietly  within  th^ir' own  territories;  while  th'^  Man- 
chews  (named  in  the. Chine/e  hiflories  eaftern  Tatars,  and  Nyu-^ 
che,  or  Nu'che)  began  to  grow  formidable,  and,  at  length^ 
fubdued  both  the  Mungls  and  Chinefes  *". 
Submit  to      Had  the  fuccefTors'of  Tong-lo  vigoroufly  profecuted  what  he 
the  Man-  had  begun,  they  might  have  intirely  reduced  the  Mungls  to  a 
Wws.      (j^^^Q  Qf  fubjeftion :  but,  as  they  neglefted  that  affair,  or  pur- 
fued  it  but  remifsly,  thofe  enemies  of  China  began,  by  degree^ 
to  take  heart,  and  fpread.     Hereupon  the  princes  of  the  houfe 
of  Jenghtz  Khm,  each  feiziilg  a  territory,   formed  different 
hords,  and  grew  into  little  fovereignties.    Th^  title  pf  emperor 
of  the  Mungls  remained  to  the  chief  of  thefe  princes,  called 
Chahar  Khan,  or  Hdn ;  who  was  defcended  from  the  emperor 
Kublay,  or  Hu-pi^lay,  by  the  elder  branch.   And  tp  this  khan 
the  other  Mungl  flates  (including  doubtlefs  the  Kalkas),  and 
the  Eltlths  themfelves,  were  tributary ;  till,  about  the  beginning 
of  the  feventeenth  century,  ha^ng  made  hi?  government  ia* 

^  Couplet,  nppn.  fmic.  t^bl,  p.  8i.— Dv  Halp^,  ubi  fupr^, 
p.  220,  &  feqq. 

(♦1  Of  Tanju,  from  th^  tjrje  of  tfteir  anient  wpcrora.    Sp> 
V^l.  IV.  p.  42,  &  fe^q, 

fupjpQlt% 

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C.  i^r  In  Tartary  cnly.  87 

fupportable,  by  his  cruelties  and  debaucheries,  his  fubjefts 
called  in  the  founder  of  the  Manchew  nionarchy*  Thus  the 
Mungl  prince  became  a  vaflal  to  the  Manchew  empire ;  and  was 
obliged  to  quit  the  title  of  han  (or  khan),  for  that  of  ^^g,  or 
Wang,  given  him  by  the  great  grandfather  of  the  late  emperor 
Kang'hi,  who  fubdued  intirely  the  Mungls  about  the  great  wall. 

This  prince,  called  by  the  Chinefes  Tyen-tfong^  who  began  j?w«//, 
his  reign  in  1 627,  on  the  death  of  his  father  Tyen-ming  ** ;  take-^ Wait- 
ing advantage  (as  fome  write)  of  the  inteftine  divifions  whicb,y«^<^* 
at  that  time,  reigned  among  the  Mungl  princes,  found  means; 
to  reduce  them,  one  after  another,  not  excepting  the  chief  of 
the  family,^  who  retained  the  name  of  emperor ;  and  was  forced^ 
by  his  own  fubjefts,  to  fubmit  like-  the  reft,  in  the  year  1 630. 
Ajfter  the  conqueft  of  Chinay  the  title  of  king  (vang)  was  be- 
ftowed  on  him,  and  feveral  other  of  the  moft  potent  printes  of 
the  Mungl  family.     But,  in  the  minority  of  the  emperor  Kang* 
hiy  the  Vaflal  khan  refolved  to  attempt  not  only  to  throw  off 
his  new  yoke,  but  even,  if  poiEble,  ta  recover  the  empire  of 
China.     With  this  view,  he  b^n  to  reunite  the  other  princes 
in  his  intereft,  by  a  league ;  which  coming  to  Kang^i's  know** 
lege,  before  the  defign  took  effeft,  he  immediately  fent  a  final! 
body  of  troops  from  Lyau-tong,  againft  the  revolter  {Chahar 
Khan).     The  Mungl 'prince  feeing  Himfelf  attacked,  before  he 
was  prepared  for  his  defence,  was  obliged,  with  what  forces 
he  could  bring  together  "in  hafte  of  his  own,  to  fight  the  em*    » 
pcroi:*s  army:   the  event  was,  that  he  was  intirely  defeated, 
and,   in  the  purfuit,   taken  prifoner,  with  bis  brother  and 
children  e. 

From  this  time,  the  Mungls  remained  obedient  to  the  power  Remain^ 
of  the  ManchewSy  who  at  prefent  reign  in  China  :  although,  ^tfuhjeS^  * 
are  told,  that  the  head  of  the  Mungl  princes,  who  are  defcended 
from  Towhan-temur  (the  laft  Mungl  emperor  of  China)^  and 
very  numerous  in  Tartary^  ftill  preferves  a  great  fuperiority 
over  the  princes  of  the  other  branches  defcended  from  Jenghiz 
Khin,  and  his  brothers ;  who  are  at  prefent  chiefs  of  the  Tatar 
tribes,  known  tmder  the  denominations  of  Mungls  and  Kalkas  ^ 
On  this  occafion,  it  may  ndt  be  amifs  to  obferve,  that,  as  botl> 
thefe  nations  are  the  fame  people  (at  Icaft  confidercd  as  fuch)^ 
under  different  names,  the  Mungls  are  thofe  who  always  re- 
nuuned  in  Tartary,  and  the  Kalkas  fuch  as  were  driven  out  of 
China :  who,  by  way  of  diftinftion,  perhaps,  took  that  nam© 
from  the  river  Kalka,  one  of  thofe  on  whofe  banks  they,  fettled  j 
wa  third  branch  or  natlou  gf  Mungh  go,  a.t  prefeni;^  by  tbe^ 

'    *  Du  Halde,  ubi  fupra,  p.  225.        *  Bouvet,  hift.  of  Kang-^ 
Wi  p.  18,  ^ieq,^,        ^  Ghv»ii^  ubi  fupra,  3^17. 

f  4  fuuao^ 


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89  Jcnghtz  KiAn's  Smeprs  B.  It 

name  of  ElAths,  or  JlHths^  known  aMnmonly  in  Euro^  by  the 
denomination  of  KMm4ks. 
Kalkas         The  nation  of  Kalkas^  Khalkhas^  or  Halkas,  for  fo  th^ 
iniUfend'  ^ord  IS  varioafly  prononnced,  or  written,  which  is  the  mod 
'^f  numerous,  as  well  as  celebrated,  of  all  the  Mungl  iM-anchcs, 

ppcferved  thdr  independency  for  fifty  or  fixty  years  after  the 
Mungls  had  loft  theirs.  Thi  princes  of  this  branch  had  at  firft 
a  monarch,  under  the  title  of  khan,  or  king,  although  tributary, 
as  the  other  Kalkas  were,  to  the  Mungl  prince  Chahar  Khmiy 
before-mentioned.  But  the  Kalkas  increafing  vaftly  in  tim^ 
and  thofe  defcendants  of  Kublayy  who  had  only  the  tide  of 
tayki,  growing  numerous,  the  more  powerfiil  among  them  be- 
came, by  degrees,  independent  of  one  another,  and  of  the 
ijchin  himfelf,  to  whom  they  paid  only  a  flight  homage.  Before 
the  war  broke  out  between  them  and  the  EltHths^  towards  the 
endt>f  the  laft  century,  they  were  divided  into  feven  ftandards, 
with  each  its  chief ;  three  of  whom  recdved,  erf  the  great  lama 
pf  Tibet y  the  title  of  khan  :  although  moft  of  the  tay)ds,  who 
were  under  them,  afted  as  fovereigns  in  their  refpeftive  terri- 
tories ;  and  paid  their  khans  no  farther  deference,  than  to  allow 
them  the  firft  place  in  thdr  affcmblies,  held  to  determine  dif- 
ferences, and  confult  about  public  afiairs. 
undir three  The  eldeft  of  thefe  three  khans  was  named  Shaffakf^y  and 
Ifhans.  pofleffed  the  country  to  the  eaft  of  the^  J?/«#A/,  extending  firom 
mount  Jltay  to  the  rivers  Selinga,  Orkhoriy  and  T^la.  The  fc- 
cond,  Tujhetiiy  or  T^Jhekti  KkM,  was  the  moft  powerful  ci 
tjie  Kalka  princes :  his  territories  rftached  fix)m  the  three  Taft- 
mentioned  rivers  to  mount  Kentey,  whence  the  Kerlon  and 
nia  derive  their  fources.  The  third,  Cheching  Khduy  refided 
towards  the  fource  of  the  Kerhn,  along  which  river  his  people 
fpread  themfelves,  to  its  fall  into  the  lake  Dalayy  or  KSJotLf 
tpA  alfo  beyond,  as  far  as  the  province  oi  Solon*  Thefe  two 
liaft  princ^  took  the  tide  of  khan  forty  or  fifty  years  ago  (C)  j; 
but  the  firft  long  before.  Thefe  Kalkas  were  fo  powerful  bdwq[ 
the  wars,  as  to  give  uneafinefs  to  the  emperor  of  China  him^ 
felf.  They  were  no  few^r  than  600,000  &nilies,  and  very 
rich  in  flocks  and  horfes :  but  they  were  ali»bft  ruined  and 
deftroyed  by  that  calamity ;  the  occafion  of  whi9h  is  as  foli 
lows. 
troubles  A  TATKi,  or  Kalka  prjncf,  called  Lppzang-hvm  Taykiy 
arJ/e.  whom  our  author  GerbiHon  faw  at  the  aflembly  of  the  ftates  of 
Tartary^  attacked  ShaffakH  Kh$n ;  and  having  taken  him  pri- 
foner,  not  only  put  him  to  death,  but  feizcd  his  eftate,  with 
yvt  of  his  fervanta.  The  reft,  with  his  children,  fled  to  tujbeti^ 

<C)  That  is,  about  ^650  or  1669. 

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C.  i4t  JnT^itjonfy:  89 

Kh^,  who  fending  m  account  of  what  had  happened  to  dl 
the  heads  of  ftandards  and  prindpal  taykis,  invited  them  to 
jom  againft  the-ufurper.  They  imrocdiatdy  aflcmbled  their 
forces,  attacked  Lopzang-hum^  took  and  fcnt  him  to  the  great 
Jama,  to  be  puniihed ;  requefting  that  pontifFto  inveft  the  eldeft 
(on  of  Shaffaktu  Khitn  with  his  Other's  dignity.  Their  requeft 
was  granted,  and  the  fon  re-eflabliftied  in  his  father's  territo- 
tories;  but  neither  his  flocks  nor  {ubjefts  were  reftored :  for 
fijhetii  had  fdzed  them  for  his  own  ufe,  by  advice  of  his  bro- 
ther, who  was  one  of  thofe  Ho-fo'Sj  or  living  Fo%  fo  numer- 
ous in  Tartary.  ** 

This  lama,' called  Tftng<hung-tumba  (D)  KMUkti,  hadKhfttftk* 
bfen  eight  years  a  difdple  of  the  great  lama  at  Tibet  /  where  hetft'^/«*^. 
had  acquired  fuch  a  reputation  in  the  fchool,  that  he  refolved 
to  fet  up  for  himfelf  j  pretending  to  be  a  living  Fo  as  well  as 
his  maftcr-  He  played  his  part  fo  well,  that  thofe  Kalkas 
adored  him  as  a  divinity ;  and  his  b^-other  went  regularly,  on 
fet  days,  to  worfliip  him,  gave  him  the  upper-hand  on  all  oc- 
cafions,  and  was  intirely  manned  by  him.  This  pretended 
immortal,  by  his  pride  and  ill  conduA,  occafioned  the  de- 
ftniftion  of  his  family,  and  the  empire  of  the  Kalkas.  Shaf- 
/akt4  Khan  (E)  being  thijs  kept  out  of  his  efFefts,  contrary  to 
a  decree  of  the  aflembly ;  fent  ambafladors  to  the  grand  kma, 
intreating  him  to  interpofe  his  authority  with  njhet^  KhAn^ 
and  his  brother  the  lama,  for  a  reftitution.  The  dalay  lama 
accordingly  difpatched  a  lama  envoy,  who,  being  corrupted  . 
with  prefents,  contented  himfelf  with  fair  promifes.  Shaf- 
faktu Khdn,  defpairing  of  jufUce  from  that  quarter,  fent  his 
^cond  fon,  to  befeech  the  emperor  of  China  to  efpoufe  his  in- 
tereft.  At  this  time  the  Kalka  princes  paid  a  dromedary  and 
nine  white  horfes,  by  way  of  tribute,  to  Kang-hi,  for  a  free 
trade  to  China :  although  they  were  not  very  regular  in  the 
payment.  H0-eupon  his  miajefVy  difpatched  an  ambaflador  to  China  i»^ 
the  great  lama,  to  engage  him  to  fend,  by  a  time  appointed, /^/^/. 
a  perfon  of  cohfidcratlon  into  the  country  of  the  Kalkas ;  in 
order  to  meet  a^andee  of  his  court,  to  difpofe  thofe  princes 
to  an  aCcommc^tion,  and  to  prevent  a  war  ^. 

Mean  time,  ShaJJaM  Khdn  dying,  hiseldeflfon,  who  was 
in  alliance  with  Kaldan,  khan  of  the  ElM^^  his  neighbour  on 

<  Gerbillon  ap.  Du  Halde,  ubi  fupra.  Vol.  II.  p.  259. 

(D)  His  name  is  written  dif-        (E)  By  ^is  the  fon  feems  to, 

ferently  in  Gerbillons  trails,  al-  have  had  the  fame  name  as  the 

inoft  as  often  as  it  occurs ;  i;/k.  father ;  or  Shaffaktu  was  a  title 

Chep7:,uin'tamha,  Chempfin-tamba^  which  defcended  in  the  family^     . 

and  Qhunfezun-tumb^^  ^  W^lJ  ^s  that  qf  Kk^^ 


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90  Jenghfz  Khftn'i  Sucajfars  B.  IL 

Commif-    the  weft,  fucceeded  him  as  khin.     The  envoy  c^  Chtna^  and 
Jioiurs       that  of  the  dalay  lama,  being  arrived  at  the  court  of  TAJheti 
«w#'«        Khan^  they  convened  a  fecond  time  the  ftates  of  the  KaUta 
princes.     The  imperial  envoy,  named  jirghi  (F),  fat  as  pre- 
fident  oi  the  tribunal ;  which  is  much  of  the  fame  dignity  with 
the  fix  tribunals  at  Peeking.  As  the  envoy  of  the  great  lama  (G) 
reprefented  his  maAer,  every  one  yielded  him  the  firft  place, 
excepting  the  brother  of  Tujbeti^  Khhi  (H) ;  who  being  alfo  a 
lama,  and  prQieiTmg  himfelf  a  living  Fo,  pretended  to  be  equal 
to  the  high-prieft  hunfelf,  and  would  be  treated  with  the  fame 
diftin6tion.     The  envoys  of  Kaldan^  who  were  alfo  at  the  af- 
fembly,  to  fupport  the  intereft  of  their  mafter's  friend  (I),  ex- 
claimed againil  the  pretenfions  of  the  Kalka  lama,  which  they 
looked  on  as  an  incroachment  on  the  refpefb  due  to  their  com- 
mon pontiff;  and,  on  his  making  no  conceiEon,  retired  in  great 
difcontent.     In  fhort,    to  avoid  a  greater  quarrel  than  that 
which  they  came  to  determine,  the  envoy  or  the  dalay  lama, 
'  was  obliged  to  confent,  tnat  the  king  of  Kalka'%  brodier  fhould 
£t  oppofite  to  him.     After  this,  affairs  being  foon  regulated  in 
the  affembly,  Tujbetii  Kh&n,  and  the  khdtiiktu  his  brother, 
folemnly  promifed,  that  they  would  faithfully  execute  what 
had  been  there  agreed  up<m.     But,  when  the  eftates  were  fe- 
parated,   inftead  of  keeping  dieir  engagement,  they  delayed 
performing  it,  as  before-mentioned,  under  divers  pretences. 
Kaldan        Mean  time,  the  Eliith  king,  oiFended  at  the  little  regard 
•fftndid.    paid  to  his  envoys,  and  the  affront  offered  the  dalay  lama,  in 
the  perfon  of  his  l^te,  being  prefled  alfo  by  ShaJfaktA  Khm 
to  haflen  the  refUtution  of  his  effects ;  fent  an  ambaflador  ta 
Tifbeta  Kharu  and  the  lama  his  brother,  to  exhort  them  to 
perform  their  promife :  and  efpecially  to  complain  of  the  lat* 
ter's  difputing  precedence  with  the  legate  of  the  dalay  lama, 

(F)  Bentink,  in  his  notes  on  whence  7u/bitu  feem  to  be  ufed 
Jhulgbaxi  Khdn^  hifbry  of  the  fynonymonily,  as  in  Juji  or  Tiv- 
^urks^  Sec.  names  him  J*u€rna  Jhi^  the  eMeil  fon  of  Jengbui 
Akanayha^  p.  549.  Khan. 

(G)  He  was  doubdefs  a  lama;  (1)  According  to  Btntink^  the 
but  Bentink  fays,  he  was  the  quarrel  of  Kaldan  againft  Zaim 
dava  (or  tipa)  of  T'ibet,  who  is  Khan  was  on  his  own  accounts, 
the  great  lama's  viceroy,  who  Bat  we  muft  prefer  the  account 
governs  in  his  name  in  fecular  of  Gerbillon,  who  received  his 
affairs.  information  from  the  Cbinefi  en-» 

(H)  Bentink  calls  him  Zain^  voy,  and  the  mandarins  who  ac* 

or  ZuKM  (Juji)  Khany  prince  of  companied  him.  Indeed  the  qaar« 

the  Monguls ;  by  which  muft  be  rel  became,  in  part,  Kaldan^i  owiA 

underftood  the  Kalka  ^MonguU^  afterwards. 


ox  Mungls,  or  Juji  and  Tufri^ 


who 

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C.  14;  In  Tartary  onl^.  91 

who  had  been  their  common  piafter  (K).  The  khutuktfl  could 
not  bridle  his  rage,  but  loaded  the  ambaflador  with  irons ;  and 
having  fent  a  threatening  letter  to  Kaldan,  put  himfelf,  with 
die  khan  his  brother,  at  the  head  erf  a  great  body  of  troops, 
to  furprize  Shajfaktu  Khdn.  That  prince,  who  expefted  no- 
thing lefs,  falling  into  the  lama's  hands,  was  drowned  by  his 
order :  he  alfo  put  to  death  one  of  the  moft  confiderable  tayki's, 
and  feized  his  dFedls.  Not  content  with  this,  he  invaded  the 
territories  of  the  Eluth  Khan  (L) ;  and  furprifing  a  brother  of 
his  (M),  cut  off  his  h^d.  Then  fixing  it  on  a  ipear,  expofed 
it  to  public  view  j  at  the  fame  time  fending  a  domeftic  of  that 
unfortunate  prince  with  a  moft  abufiv^  letter  to  Kaldan, 

The  khan,    although  thoroughly  enraged,  yet  ftifled  Kisln^va&s 
refentment,  till  he  was  in  a  condition  to  declare  it.    Mean  time,  the  Ral- 
he  aflembled  his  people,  and  next  fpring,  1688,  approached  kas. 
the  territories  of  TuJhetA  Khan.    The  khutuktu,  who  expefted    ^ .  D. 
no  lefs,  had  demanded  fuccours  of  the  other  Kalka  princes ;     *"8^* 
alleging,  that  he  had  put  to  death  ShafjaktA  Kh^n^  for  having 
entered  into  a  league  with  Kaldan^  to  make  war  on  all  the 
other  Kalkas,     Hereupon  moft  of  thofe  princes  came,  with 
confiderable  forces,  to  the  rendezvous  on  the.  frontiers.     The 
khan  of  the  Eluths  being  advanced,  and  finding  the  enemy's 
;uTny  much  fuperior  to  his  own,  tliought  it  beft  to  encamp,  in 
hopes  that  divifions  would  foon  arife  in  the  army  of  the  Kalkas* 
As  he  had  conjeftured,  the  chief  of  one  of  the  moft  numerous 
ilandards  decamped  firft,  by  night,  with  all  his  people,    Che- 
ching  Kh&n  foon  followed  hi»  example ;  and  all  the  reft,  one 
after  anqther,  marched  off,  leaving  Tiijbetii,  Khdn,  and  the  khu- 
tuktu his  brother,   with  none  but  the  troops  of  their  own 
ftandard. 

As  {Qon2s  Kaldan  underftood  this,  he  fell  upon  the  enemy,  iWi?l« 
who,  making  no  refiftance,  w^re  eafily  routed  (N);    the  two^^^^- 
brother  chiefs,  and  their  families,  having  had  niuch  ado  to*^^^^- 
efcape,  with  the  lofs  of  almoft  all  their  baggage,  befides  the 
greater  part  of  their  army  and  flocks.     All  the  Kalkas  of  Tti^ 

(K)  For  Kaldan  himfelf  had    tin}t%  account  agrees  pretty  well 
be^bred  a  lana  at  Lajfa^  as    with  that  of  Gfrbilhn. 
appears  afterwards.  (M)  Bentink  calls  him  Dorzi- 

(L)  According  to  Benthky  zap;  and  fays,  he  was  (lain 
Zaxn  (or  Tujhetu)  Khan,  invaded  among  thofe  of  the  khSn's  van- 
the  El$ih  dominions,  by  the  ad-  guard,  which  was  defeated. 
ynctoi Kang' hi tmi^QTGtoi China f  -  (N)  BinHnk  (siys^  he  got  the 
Pzcepting  in  this  particular,  ^nd  vidtory ,  by  feigning  a  flight,  and 
the  occabon  of  the  war,  men-  thereby  inducing  Zain  Khan  to 
tiQ9^4  a  np^e  pr  two  before,  Ben-    divide  his  forces^  io  order  to  pari 

fae  him. 
.       •  JbctA 


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^z  Jcnghiz  KMnV  Succejfors  B.  If. 

fieiA  KhAn^s  family,  wherever  found,  were  put  to  the  fword. 
He  himfelf  was  obUged  to  abandcm  his  camp,  and  the  khu* 
tuktu  his  refid«ice,    where  every  thing  was  plundered  or 
.   burned ;  and  two  fine  temples,  which  the  latter  had  erefled 
at  his  own  expence,  were  intirely  demolifhed.     Kaldan,  after 
this,  fent  troops,  with  orders  to  deftroy  the  country  with  fire 
and  fword ;  but  efpecially  to  kill  all  the  Kdkas^  who  now  fled 
on  every  fide  (O).     Tijheti  Khdn^  and  his  brother,  having  re- 
treated to  the  foutherii  part  of  the  defart,  near  Chinay  fent  to 
befeech  the  emperor  Kang-bi  to  take  them  under  his  proteftion, 
and  defend  them  from  «n  enemy,  whofe  ambition  and  cruelty 
they  highly  exaggerated.    His  majefly  hereupon  fent  an  officer, 
to  know  of  Kaldan  his  reafon  for  carrying  on  the  war.     The 
khan  anfwered,  withrefpeft,  "  That  he  had  undertaken  it  to 
**  revenge  the  death  of  his  brother ;  and  refolved  to  continue 
**  it:  that  he  thought  no  prince  would  give  refiige  to  fo  wicked 
**  a  man  as  the  Kalka  lama ;  who  being  the  principal  author 
**  of  fo  many  barbarities,  he  was  determined  to  purfue  him, 
^*  wherever  he  retreated  :  that  his  punifhmcnt  equally  con* 
■**  cerned  the  emperor ;  fince  he  had  fo  notorioufly  idolated  the 
"**  path  made  before  his  majefty's  ambaflador,  at  the  aflembly 
^^  of  the  ftates,  and  fliewn  fo  little  regard  to  his  mediation.'* 
Furfues         Th£  khutuktfi  knowing,  that  if  Kang-hi  abandoned  him, 
the  khu-    he  mufl:  infallibly  fall  into  the  hands  of  his  enemy,  as  the  dalay 
$iktu»       lama  was  his  utter  adverfary ;  in  order  to  fecure  himfelf,  of- 
fered to  become  the  Emperor's  perpetual  vaflal,  with  his  bro- 
ther, family,  and  fubjefts:   likewife  to  engage  all  the  other 
\  Kalka  princes ;  feveral  of  whom,  during  this  negotiation,  foK 
lowed  his  ex4mple.  ^A^cWw^AJ^  dying  the  fame  year,  hiswidow 
alfo  befought  his  majefly  to  receive  her  fon  for  his  vaflal,  and 
invefl  him  "v^th  the  title  of  khan,  which  was  not  to  deicend  to 
his  family.     Kang-bi,  on  this,  exhorted  the  EMth  Khan  to  b^ 
content  with  the  deplcM^ble  condition  to  which  he  had  reduced 
his  enemies,  and  dcfifl :  but  Kaldan  remonflrrated,  that  the  em« 
peror  was  equally  concerned  to  puniih  the  violation  of  a  treajty 
guarantied  by  himfelf  and  the  dalay  lama.     However,  he  of» 
tered  to  withdraw,  pro^dded  the  Kalka  lama  was  delivered  up, 
to  be  judged  by  the  fovereign  pontiff.    But  the  (7A/«^^monarch 
jinking  it  unworthy  his  dignity  to  abandon  princes  applying 
to  him  for  refuge  ;  and,  befides,  having  nothing  to  fear  from 
the  RuffianSy  fince  the  l^te  treaty  of  Ni-pqcbeix}  (oc  Nerchinjloy), 
took  the  KaJka  princes  under  his  prpteAion,  and  granted  them 

,  (O)  According  to  Bentinky  h^  a  horrible  flaughter  was  made: 

fent  to  the  place  of  liis  reiidence  and  then,  with  30,000  men,  drove 

pine  camels  loads  of  eans  and  his  enemy  within  ;he  wall  of 

^cks  of  h^ir  ^  whence  he  judgcji  Cbinft^ 

r       I     ^' 

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C.  i4»  A  Tartary  onfy.  ^§ 

part  of  his  lands  in  Tartary  to  fettle  on :  v^ch  gave  occafion 
to  the  war  between  him  and  the  khan  of  the  E^hs  \ 

This  prince,  towards  the  end  of  Jufy  16^,  advanced, /jrwnfo 
at  the  head  of  a  finall  but  well  difciplined  army^  to  the  iroorthitf^ref 
tiers  of  the  empire.  He  flew  or  cnilaved  all  the  Kalkas  en- 
camped along  the  Kerlon^  whofe  conrfe  he  had  followed  for 
the  coQveniency  of  forage ;  and  purfued  the  murderers  of  his 
brother  to  the  very  retreat  which  the  emperor  had  affigned 
them.  On  the  firft  rumonr  of  Kaldan's  march,  his  majefty 
drew  together  all  the  Mungl  forces  wliich  had  been  his  fniA 
jeds  from  the  be^nnii^  of  the  Manchew  monarchy ;  and^  be- 
ing encamped  without  the  great  wall,  are  in  fome  ibrt  the 
out-guards  of  the  empire.  ^Thefe,  reinforced  by  fome  Man' 
chew  troops  (who  ferved  as  cbnvoys  to  the  prefidents  of  the 
militia),  and  the  iWwnf/ officers,  were  CMrdered  to  the  frontiers, 
to  obferve  the  motions  of  the  EUkhs.  The  two  prefidents, 
with  a  defign  to  furprife  the  khin  in  his  camp,  amu&d  \&a% 
with  a  treaty  of  peace ;  aftd,  when  he  was  kail  on  his  guard, 
attacked  him  in  the  night :  but  they  were  vigoroufly  repulfed, 
and  purfued  within  t^r  own  territories,  where  they  fecured 
themfelves  by  tsddng  poft  on  the  mountains. 

On  this  advice,  Kang-hi  fent  a  great  army  from  Pe^king^fig^^  '*^ 
which  he  defignedat  firft  to  command  in  perfon:  but,  on^^"*^^* 
bong  diffiiaded  by  his  council,  appointed  his  next  brother  ge< 
neralijlfimo,  and  ordered  his  eldeft  fon  to  accompany  him. 
Kaldan  was  pofted  to  advants^e  about  fourfcore  leagues  from 
Pe-king ;  where,  altho"  he  wanted  artillery,  and  had  but  very 
few  troops,  herefolutdy  waited  for  the  enemy.  At  firft  hif 
Tan-guard  fufi^ed  much  fit>m  the  Chinefe  cannon,  wMch  ob- 
l^ed  him  to  ge^  out  of  their  reach,  by  chan^ng  his  poft  :  but 
as  he  had  a  great  marfh  before  him,  which  prevented  his  bdng 
farrounded,  he  defended  himfelf  with  great  bravery  till  n^ht, 
when  both  parties  retired  to  their  camps  (P).  The  general 
of  the  ordnance,  who  was  the  emperor's  maternal  uncle,  wai 
killed,  towards  the  end  of  the  a6lion,  by  a  muiket-ihot|  at 
be  was  drawing  off  the  artillery. 

*>  Ger^illon  ap.  Du  Halde,  p.  260. 

(P)  According  to  Bentink^  the  troops  were  fo  brave,  or  thofe 

kkkn  defeated    feverai  bodies  of  the  emperor  fo  bad,  that,  at 

ieot   by   Amukn    Bogdoy  Khan  one    time,    1000   Kalfnuks   (ot 

(fo  the  Ruffians  call  the  Man-  Eluths)    beat    20,000  Chinefes  i 

tbew  emperors  of  China)^  one  and  another  time  1 0,000  ov^* 

•fter  the  other ;   aad  that  his  threw  80,000. 

I   '  Next 

Digitized  Joy  VjOOQ  IC 


94'  Jenghte  Khin's  ^utcejfors  E  ff* 

comes  to  a  Next  day  produced  a  treaty,  of  which  the  refult  was^ 
treaty ;  that  Kaldan  fhould  have  leave  to  retire  with  his  army ;  firft 
taking  an  oath,  befbre  his  Fo,  never  to  return  into  the  territo- 
ries of  the  emperor,  or  his  allies.  In  his  retreat,  part  of  his 
troops  periftied  for  want ;  and  his  nephew  Tfe-vang  Raptan^ 
whom  he  had*  left  regent,  withdrew  into  a  remote  country, 
with  all  who  were  difpofed  to  follow  him.  This  was  fuch  a 
terrible  blow  to  Kaldan^  that  he  was  three  or  four  years  re- 
cruiting his  army  (Q_).  However,  the  imperial  generals,  at 
their  return  to  Pe^ingy  were  impeached,  altho'  they  had  the 
better  in  the  engagement :  for  it  is  a  law  among  the  Man^ 
chews f  that,  if  a  general  gives  battle,  and  obtains  not  a  com- 
plete viftory,  he  ought  to  be  punifhed.  The  emperor's  bro- 
ther, with  fome  other  general  officers,  were  fentenced  to  lofe 
three  years  of  their  revenue,  and  the  reft  to  be  degraded  five 
degrees.  They  would  have  fuiFered  much' more,  but  for  the 
interpbfition  of  his  majefty  :  who,  on  the  other  hand,  beftowed 
extraordinary  honours  on  the  meinory  of  his  uncle,  killed  in* 
the  aftibn,  whofe  eldcft  fon  fucceeded  to  his  pofts ;  and  re- 
warded all  who  diftinguifhed  themfelves,  as  well  as  the  kin- 
dred of  the  flain  and  wounded.  Next  year  Kang-hi  held  an 
aflembly  of  the  ftates  of  Tartary,  wherein  all  the  Kalka 
princes,  with  one  confent,  paid  him  folemn  homage. 
rene^sho'  The  khan  of  the  Eluths  continued  in  the  territories  for- 
pUtUsi  merly  belon^ng  to  Shaffaktu,KhAn,  and  Tujhetu  Kh&a,  till 
1 694  ;  when,  l)eing  recruited  with  frefti  troops,  he  fcoured 
the  banks  of  the  .Kerlorty  and  cut  to  pieces  all  the  Kalkas 
who  fell  into  his  hands.  Thence  advancing  to  the  borders  of 
[  Korchiny  hefent  propofais  to  the  chief  prince,  to  join  with  him 
againft  the  Manchews.  "  What  greater  indignity  (fays  he), 
**  than  from  mafters  to  become  flaves  ?  We  are  Mungls,  and 
"  under  one  law:  let  us  unite  our  forces,  and  regain  the 
*•  empre,  which  is  outs  by  inheritance.  I  will  ftiare  the  glory 
"  and  fruits  of  my  conquefts  with  thofe  who  will  ftiare 
"  the  danger.  But  if  there  fhould  be  any  Mungl  princes,  as 
**  I  hope  there  are  none,  fo  bafe  as  to  chufe  flavery  to  the 
**  ManchewSy  our  common  enemy,  let  them  expedl  to  feel  the 
"  firft  efforts  of-  my  arms."  The  king  of  Korchin,  as  a  proof 
of  the  fidelity  which  he  had  fworn  to  the  emperor,  fent  him 
the  letter,  which  made  his  majefty  a  little  uneafy  2  for,  altho* 
he  knew  the  Einths  were  too  weak  to  venture  to  attack  him,  yet 
he  did  not  like  a  confederacy  of  tlie  Mungl  princes,  fupported 

(  QJ   It  could  not  then  have     but  it  had  perhaps  fuffered  bc- 
been  fo  fiuall  as  'tis  reprcfented ;     fore  in  the  expedition. 

bj 

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C.iJ^  JuTartarywfy.  95 

by  the  dalay  lama ;  he  therefore  refolved  either  to  (Qctirpate 
the  Eluths,  or  compel  them  to  a  firm  and  lafting  peace, 

WiTJi  this  view,  in  1696  he  invaded  Tartary  ,vfi^  three  fV  intirely 
armies,  in  order  to  inclofe  them  on  all  fides  (R).     One  of  thefe  rouud. 
armies  obtained  a  complete  viftory ;  while  that  under  the  em- 
peror ftruck  every  place  with  terror.     In  fliort,  this  year,  or 
the  next,  all  thefe  Tatars  were  either  deftroyed,  fubdued,  or 
difperfed.    The  deftruftion  of  the  Eluths  was  fo  great  in. this- 
laft  war,  that,  in  all  thefe  vaA  countries,  there  remained  no    ' 
more  than  ten  or  twelve  thoufand  families  of  them  (S)  \  and 
the  death  of  Kaldofi  in  1697,  while  the  emperor  was  torching  . 
to  feek  him  out  in  his  retreat,  completed  their  ruin ;  the  re- 
mains of  thefe  unfortunate  Eluths  being  obliged  to  implore  his  , 
mjyefty's  clemency,  or  take  flielter  with  Tfe-vang  Raptariy  the\ 
only  furviving  prince  of  that  people.     The  war  thus  ended, 
we  are  told  that  Kang-hi  became  abfolute  mailer  of  all  the  em- 
pire of  the  Kalkas  and  Eluths ;  and  extended  his  dominions  in 
Tartary  as  far  as  the  great  defarts  and  forefts  which  make  the 
firontiers  of  R^|Jia  K     But  this  is  to  be  underftood'  of  the  EU^tb 
dominions  gained  chiefly  from  the  Kalkas  on  the  eafi:  of  mpunt . 
Jltay :  for  it  does  not  appear,  that  the  Chinefis  made  any  con- 
quefts  in  the  country  to  the  weft  of  that  grand  barrier  which 
remained  in  ppfleffion  of  Tfe-vang  Raptan, 

Having  brought  down  the  hiftory  of  the  two  firft  MungineEXtibA^ 
branches,  the  Mungls  properly  called,  and  the  Kalkas,  to  ih&hipry. 
prefent  time,  it  remains  to  handle  that  of  the  ElMs :  but 
here  our  memoirs  are  ftill  more  fcanty  and  imperfeft.  It  does 
not  appear,  from  any  authors  yet  come  to  our  hands,  either  when, 
or  on  what  occafion,  the  Mungl  tribes,  who  go  under  the 
denomination  of  EMths,  threw  off  their  dependency  on  the 
Mungl  khins  reigning  at  Karakorom  (or  m  the  eaftern  parts  of 
Tartary),  and  affumed  that  name ;  or  by  what  fteps  tiiey  ar- 
rived at  fo  great  a  power,  as  to  become  fuperior  td  the  other 
two  branches  of  Mungls,  There  is  one  circumftance,  how- 
eva-,  namely,  that  the  khans  of  the  Eluths  are  not  de- 
(cended  from  Jenghtz  Khdn,  but  Timlir  Beg,  or  Tamerlan, 
which  might  afford  fome  light  into  the  queftion,  provided  we 
were  fnre  they  were  all  of  the  fame  family  from  the  firft  of 
them  :  for  then  it  would  follow,  that  their  empire  did  not  be- 

*  Gerbillon.  ap.  Du  Halde>  p.  257.  261. 

(R)  Bentink  fays,    his  army         (S)  Our  author  Gfr^r//to  fays, 

conHfted  of  300,000  men,  ac-  that   Raptan    found    no    more 

coxnpanied  with  300  pieces  of  Eluths  remaining  when  he  came 

canooik  to  fucceed  his  uncle. 

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5^  Jengblx  KhaaV  Succeprs  B.  IL 

gjtf  ^  after  the  year  1400,  perhaps  about  the  time  of  tong- 
lo :  who,  having  reduced  the  fucceflbrs  of  HA-pi-lay^  or  ATi/-* 
hlay  Khdriy  and  the  Mungls  in  the  eaft,  to  a  very  low  ebb, 
gave  thofe  more  at  a  diftance,  in  the  weft,  an  opportunity  of 
throwing  off  thdr  dependence,  and  fetdng  up  a  khan  or  khans 
of  their  own. 
OnchonV  However  that^be,  we  find  nothing  confidcrable  of  the 
mfortum.  Eliths^  till  about  eighty  years  ago  (T) ;  at  which  time,  we  ar€ 
told,  all  the  ElAth  branches  were  united  under  one  cWef,  or 
king,  called  Ochirtu-chechin  Khan.  Prince  Jblay^  his  brother, 
having  rebelled,  was  defeated,  and  forced  to  retire  a  vaft  way 
towards  Siberia.  -  The  khan  had  under  him  feveral  petty 
princes  of  his  femily  called  Tayki  (U),  who  were  abfdute  in 
thdr  refpeftive  territories,  and  paid  him  what  homage  and 
tribute  they  pleafed.  One  of  them,  Patiri  H4mj  was  very 
rich,  and  had  been  nuich  honoured  for  his  exploits  in  thd 
wars  of  Tibet.  He  left  feveral  children,  of  whom  Onchon, 
the  eldeft,  fucceeded  him.  This  prince,  during  the  wars  with 
the  Hajfak  P4r4h  (X),  falling  fick  of  the  fmall-pox  in  his 
camp,  was,  according  to  the  ciiftom  of  the  Mungls  in  that 
<Hftemper,  left  alone  in  his  tent ;  which  the  Mohammedan  Ta-^ 
tars,  pofted  oppofite  to  the  ElMs,  took  pofleflion  of,  and, 
with  proper  care,  recovered  the  fick  prince. 
fiain  hy  ONCHON^  not  thinking  it  proper  to  difcover  his  quality, 
ficngha.  ferved  three  years  as  a  common  flave ;  during  which,  the  fe- 
cond  brother  Sengha,  not  doubting  of  his  death,  married  his 
wife.  At  length  the  prince  difcovered  hinafelf  to  the  Hajfaks  9 
and  promifing,  upon  oath,  in  cafe  they  releafed  him,  never 
to  repew  the  war,  they  fet  him  at  liberty,  and  gave  him  a 
guard  of  one  hundred  men  to  cfcort  him  into  his  own  terri- 
tories. Being  arrived  on  the  borders  of  them,  he  difpatched 
a  courier  to  acquaint  his  brother  with  his  adventure  and  re- 
turn. Sengha,  gready  furprifed,  confulted  his  wife,  to  know 
whom  flie  would  chufe  in  fuch  a  conjunfture.  The  lady 
anfwered,  that  flie  had  married  him  on  a  prefumption  that  her 
^6rft  hufband  was  dead  :  but,  fmce  he  was  living,  ftie  was  in* 

(T)  This  muft  be  underftood         (U)  OrTaygbi.  Tlit  Ruffians 

itom  the  time  Du  Halde  wrote,  call  them  Tayfiia,  and  Tayflii. 
tkot  Gerbil/o/i  i  otherwife  it  will         (X)    So  the  Eluibs  call  the 

carry  this  faJSt  back  to  about  the  Uzbek  Tartars,  who,  in  return^ 

year  i6io»  which  is  too  high  up  nickname  them  Kdlfnuks ;   and 

for  the  father  of  Kaldan :    we  from  them  this  name  came  to 

thfrefore  fuppofe  Chechin  Khan  us^  by  way  of  the  Rt^am., 
to  nave  been  in  this  power  about 
the  year  1650  or.  165$. 

difpenfablf 

\ 

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C.  i^.  Ih  Tartary  only.  $i 

difpeniably  obliged  to  return  to  him.  Sengha^  whofe  love  Was 
equal  to  Ws  ambition,  under  pretence  of  honour,  fent  trufty 
pofons  to  maflacre  the  prince,  and  all  his  retinue.  The  crima 
being  committed,  he  gave  out,  that  he  had  defeated  a  party 
of  Haffak  P^ruJts,  without  mentioning  any  thing  of  his  bro- 
ther. But,  the  murder  foon  coming  to  light,  'one  of  the  bro- 
thers, by  the  fame  mother  as  Onchon,  aflembled  forces  to  re- 
venge his  death  ;  and,  having  killed  Stngha,  reftored  the  fon 
of  Onchon  to  his  father's  poflcffions. 

KALDAN^  third  fon  of  Pat^ri-hum  Tayki,  by  Sengha'%  Kaldan* 
mother,  had  been  educated  by  the  grand  lama  of  Tibet ^  as  one  rrvenge. 
of  his  principd  difciples ;  after  which  he  fettled  at  the  court 
of  Ochirtu-checbing  Kidn  (♦),  who  treated  him  with  great  marks 
of  difltndion.     This  prince,  having  had  notice  of  the  fore- 
goii^  tran&ffions,  alked  leave  of  the  high  pontiff  to  quit  the 
profeflion,  ia  order  to  go  and  revenge  the  death  of  his  bro-^ 
ther.     Leave  being  granted,  he  immediately  formed  an  army 
of  Sengha^s  old  domeftics,  and  fome  troops  lent  him  by  Ochir^ 
ti ;  With  which  he  took  vengeance  on  the  murderers,  and  fdzed    • 
on  all  the  effeAs  of  his  brother,  as  well  as  the  eftates  of  Sengha. 
He  then  married  the   prince's  chief  wife,    the  daughter  of 
OchirtA  Khdn  ;  and,  his  forces  increafing  daily,  he  found  him- 
iclf  in  a  condition  at  laft  to  difpute  the  kingdom  with  his 
fether-in-law,  to  whom  he  owed  his  prefcnt  fortune.  * 

A  qjJARREL  between  their  fubjefts  was  a  pretence  for  de-  Crented 
daring  war  ;  after  which  he  marched  with  his  army  into  the  kbdn. 
country  of  Ochirtit,  who  received  him  at  the  head  of  his  troops. 
The  fight  was  near  the  great  lake  Kizalpt^y  where  KaMan  got 
the  viftory;    and,    having  taken  his  father-in-law  prifoner, 
caufed  his  throat  to  be  cut,  the  better  to  fecure  the  con<^ueft 
of  his  dominions  :  thus  he  became  the  head  of  all  tht  El/iths. 
The  great  lama,  to  reward  his  perfidioufnefs  and  crnfelty,  gave 
him  the  title  of  khan  (Y),  that  is,  king,  or  emperor.     Frpm  , 
chat  tune  Kaldan  (Z)  enjoyed  his  conquefts,  and  had  no  wars 

(*)    Tht  OMurfi    Khan   of  ,     (Z)  Bentink  calls  him  Sofi§ 

Avrifs  im^rfcH  SLCConnt,     Sep  or  Bofugto  Khan\  rather,  perv 

lii»  Trav.  p.  150,  &  fcq.  haps,    Bujfuktu  khan..     Bujfuk 

{V)  Gtrbilhfn  fays  it  ihould  be  fignifies  broken^  ^he  n^me  given 

written  Han^  inflead  of  Khan  5  by  Ogim  Khan  to  his  three  eldeft 

Hami  for  Kami ;  Halkas  for  KaU  fons,    according    to   Abulghdzi 

kasi  and  the  like.     But,  as  the  Khan,  Hill.  Turks,   &c.  p.  2|. 

H  is  a  ftrong  afpirate,  or  guttu-  Bujfuktu  feems  to  have  been  his 

raly  it  feems  beft  exprefTed  by  title,  or  furname,  and  iuz/^/ffT?  his 

Kb^   as  it  ought  to  be  written,  proper  name.    The  fame  author 

and  not  with  a  fiogle  K  or  C,  fays  he  ufually.  encamped  on  the 

as  is  commonly  the  pradice.  lake  Tamijh^  and  in  the  neigh- 

bourin^r  defarts. 

Mod.  Hist.  Vol.  V.  G                      ^but 


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1^ .  Jcnghlz  Khan'j  Succejfors  B.  II. 

but  vfith  tht  Hafak  Piruks  {or  Uzbeks)  till  1688,  whca  he 
invaded  and  fubdued  the  Kalkas  :  but>  carrying  his  refentment 
.  too  far  (A),  he  was  ruined  in  his  turn  by  the  emperor  of  CAi- 
na  ^y  as  hath  been  already  fct  forth. 
ffitally  BE  NT  INK  relates  the  drcunxilanc^  of  the  khan's  death, 

ikf44^ttd^  which  might  be  more  eaf4y  known  to  thi^RuJftans  than  xhtChine/es. 
According  to  this  author,  the  lofs  of  the  laft  battl6  did  not  fo  much 
^ift  the  Elfith  prince  as  the  death  of  his  wife  Gum,  or  Jni,  who 
was  flain  in  the  route.  Her  body  having  been  found  among 
the  dead,  the  emperor  caufed  the  head  to  be  cutoff,  and  cu- 
rled it  along  with .  him  to  adorn  his  triumph.  Provifions  and 
forage  beginning  to  fail  in  the  neighbouring  mountains,  where 
he  Imd  witji  difficulty  efcaped,  moft  of  his  followers  and  hqrfes 
died  for  hunger ;  fo  that  he  returned  almpft  alone  into  his 
own  dominions,  where  he  fpent  two  years  in  great  affliction, 
cxpofpd  to  the  reproaches  of  his  fubje<5ls.  Percdving  he  had 
nothing  for  it  but  to  negotiate  the  affair,  he  fent  his  fon  Sep* 
tenbaldius  to  the  dalay  lama,  to  defire  his  mediation,  which 
he  before  flighted.  But  Ab(toUah  Begy  governor  of  the  city 
of  Khamul  (B),  altho*  dependent  on  the  khan,  c^uf^  him  and 
his  fmajl  retinue  to  be  feized  in  paffing  thro'  his  government, 
^nd  fent  thepi  to  the  emperor  ;  who  cut  off  their  heads,  and 
confirmed  the  traitor  in  his  poft, 
T^fons  The  news  of  this  difafter  threw  the  khan  into  defpair.    H^ 

himjilf.  affembled  all  his  fubje^s,  exhorted  them  to  live  in  peace  and 
tinity ;  and  then,  giving  them  liberty  to  retire  every  one  where 
be  jdeafed,  tookpoifon,  and  died.  This  was  the  end  of  Bojiq 
KhMy  a  prince  of  great  genius  and  valour ;  who,  by  a  (eries 
of  fucceffes,  had  njade  himfelf  terrible  to  all  his  enemies,  and 
acquired  a  great  deal  of  glory. 
Succeeded  kJL,DJN  '^ras  fugceeded  by  his  nephew,  ddeft  fon  of 
4;  Raptan  Sengha,  called  T/e-vang  Rapt  an  (C).  This  Raptan  is  faid  be- 
fore to  Jiave  left  his  uncle's  court,  while  abfent  in  the  war  s 

*  Gbrbillon  ap.  Da  Halde,  p.  257. 

'(A)  We  think  Kang-hi  was  the  Ma»^//,  who  are  fubje£b  to 

to  blame  for  protecting,  and  not  China,     Bentink  calls  him  Zigam 

'giving  up,  the  murderers  of  his  J^raptan^  which  is  the  n^me  ufcd 

^^lly  and  brother,  whom  ir<z/^^«  hy  \\i^  Rujpam.  -Which  of  theni 

iiad  ?  right  to  demand.  is  the  true  name,  if  cither  b^, 

(8)  fG}amil,ox  Hami  (as  the  we  cannot  tell;  all  nations  hav- 

Cbhie/es  pronounce  it),    at  the  ing  that  ill  cuftom  of  corrupting 

very  eaftern  extrepity  of  Little  or  i^npofing  nances.    However, 

P^kharia,  and  edge  pf  tbc  great  that  of  Araftan^  Raf  tatty  or  Rdth^ 

fiefart  between  it  and  China.  '  datt,  a?  it  is  alfo  fpelt,  doubdefs 

^C)  This  is  the  name  he  went  belongs  to  it.    Perhaps  Z/^rt»  is 

by  in  Qhitta^  and  perhajps  among  a  corruption  of  T/e-^vang, 

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C.i4»  In  Tartary  only.    ,  99 

and,  by  carrying  away  the  greater  part  of  his  forces,  much  his  •#- 
diftrcflfed  him  in  his  affairs  *.  The  occafion  of  his  defertibn  /^<*k^ 
was  this.    A  princefs,  daughter  of  OcMrt/i  Khdn^  had  been  pro-  -  * 

mifed  him  in  marriage  :  but  Kaldan^  felling  in  love  wth  her, 
took  her  firom  him ;  and,  not  content  with  this  injuftice  to  his 
nepheWy  hired  afliaffins  to  murder  him;  who,  mifling  their 
blow,  only  ftruckout  one  of  his  eyes.  But  Bentink  fays,  his 
eye  was  fhot  out  accidentally,  by  one  of  his  domeftics,  when 
hanting ;  and  that  his  flight  happened  a  little  before  die  war 
ifl  1688,  on  the  following  occafion.  The  khan,  who  bred  up 
at  his  court  three  of  his  brother's  fons,  took  an  averfion  to 
the  ddeft  ;  and,  finding  no  caufe  to  put  him  to  death,  he  had 
recourfe  to  a  man  of  great  ftrength,  who,  under  pretence  of 
wreftling  with  the  young  prince,  handled  him  fo  roughly,  that 
a  few  dajrs  after  ie  died.  Ztgan  Araptariy  the  youngeft  of 
the  three,  alarmed  at  fuch  a  proceeding,  which  the  khin  would 
have  put  off  as  an  accident,  fled  with  his  friends  and  domef- 
tics :  nor  could  his  other  brother  Dankhinamb&y  whom  the  khan 
fcnt  after  him,  prevail  with  him  to  return.  Altho*  his  eldeft 
brother  might  have  been  of  a  haughty  turbulent  fpirit,  as  the 
other  reprdented ;  yet  he  was  relolved,  he  faid,  not  to  truft 
an  uncle  who  was  capable  of  committing  fo  unnatural  a 
crime. 

As  foon  as  Arabian  (or  Raptan)y  who  kept  hidden  all  this  His  injial* 
while,  heard  of  Ws  uncle's  death,  he  prefented  himfelf  to  the  nunt. 
KahnAks,  and  demanded  the  fuccefiion ;  which  they  could  not 
deny  him,  as  being  next  heir.      The  B4khars  (or  thofe  of  X 

little  Bukhdria),  whom  Bufuktu  Khdn  (or  Kaldan)  had  con- 
quered fome  time  before,  followed  then-  example ;  and  the 
other  provinces,  which  refufed  to  come  in  of  themfelves,  were 
obliged  to  it  by  arms.  When  things  were  thus  fettled,  the 
Bukhars  condufted  him  one  day  to  an  agreeable  grove,  con- 
lifting  of  not  more  than  a  hundred  trees,  very  buftiy,  and  of 
a  particular  kind  :  where,  after  being  feafted  by  him  for  fome 
days,  they  folemnly  invefted  him  with  the  title  of  Kontaijby 
which  fignifies  a  grand  monarch ;  forbidding,  under  pain  of 
death,  to  caU  him  by  his  former  name.  This  prince  well  de- 
fcrved  that  diftinftion,  as  having  been  endowed  with  great 
talents :  he  was  remarkable  for  his  genius  and  mildnefs  (D), 
courage  and  piety  *. 

The 

'  Bbntink  apiid  AbMgh.  hift.  Turks,  ilrc.  p.  252,  U  fcq» 
*  Idem  ibid.  p.  253.    Girbillon  ap.Du  Halde,  p.  257. 

(D)  Btntinhy  as  an  inftancc  of    not  only  ^>ardor  a  I  the  domeftic 
his  moderatioii.. tells  o8>  that ic    who  had  fliot  lis  eye  out,  but 


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100  -    Jct\i^hVi\^n^s  Succejfors  fc.  it. 

Conquirt        ThE  hcw  khan  at  firft  liv«i  quietly  in  his  territories,  with. 

Tibctt  all  but  the  U^eks^  and  encouraged  agriculture ;  his  flpcks  not 
affordii^  competent  fubfiftefice  to  his  people :  but  his  actions 
afterwards  fhewed,  that  he  was  no  lefs  enterprifing  than  hia 
lincle  Kaldan.  No6*long  after  his  advancement  to  the  thronci 
Ydrkian  {Irghen^  or  Jurkent),  capital  of  K^gar^  revolting, 
h^  reduced  it  by  force,  and  feverely  puniihed  the  rebels. 
About  the  year  1 703  Jyuka  (or  ^yuki)^  one  of  his  coufins^ 
flying  from  his  court,  under  pretence  that  he  was  in  fear  of 
Jiis  lif(^,  paflcd  the  river  Jdik^  with  the  tribe  of  TargautSy  and 
put  himfeif  under  the  proteftion  of  Rvjfia^.  About  1716. 
Kontaijb  conquered  Tib^t  ^ :  but,  four  years  after,  the  pro^ 
vinces  of  Khamil  and  Turf  An,  in  Little  Bukhdriay  were  takea 
from  him  by  the  Chin^Sy  on  the  following  occafion.  Kon» 
faijb  having  been  informed,  that  there  was,  to  the  eaft  of  the 
Cfeat  Gbbi  (Kohi)^  or  Defart,  at  the  foot  of  the  mountains 
which  feparate  his  lands  from  thofe  of  China,  a  gold  mine,  iS 
rich,  that  it  might  be  worked  without  much  trouble,  he  fent 
pne  of  his  murfas  (E),  with  io,oqo  men,  to  take  poflefficm  of 
it ;  but  the-  Chincfes  and/  MungJs,  fallii^  on  them  in  great 
numb^s,  routed,  and  purfued  them  to  the  defart.  This  the 
Kdlmuks  r^pafled,  by  favour  of  certain  very  fertile  vallies,  hid- 
den by  the  h*^  mountains  which  crofs  the  Gnbi  on  that  fide 
fron>  \fcii  to  eaft,  and  were  till  then  unknown  to  the  Chi^ 
nefes. 

Ifojfef  in         TifE  late  emperor  J^ang^hi,  to  try  if  any  Advantage  could 

Bufehairiji,  be  made  of  this  difcovery,  fent  a  powerful  army  that  way^ 
with  a  gppd  train  of  artillery,  under  his  third  fon  (F)  5  ac- 
companied, as  was  faid,  by  a  Jefuit,  very  underftanding  in  for^ 
tifications  and  firerworks,  to  affift  him  with  his  advice  in  this 
expedition.  That  prince,  having  pafTed  the  defarts  by  the 
fame  rpad  which  the  Kalmyks  followed  in  their  retreat,  entered 
the  provinces  of  Khamil  and  Turf  an ;  and,  finding  that  Kqu-^ 
taifb  advanced  to  meet  him  with  a  fine  and  numerous  cavalry, 
againft  whom  he  durft  not  vepture  his  army  in  the  vaft  plains 
pf  thole  provinces,  he  bethought  himfeif  of  building  forts  a| 
proper  diftances,  which  ^  took  care  to  furnifli  very  well  with 

"  Gerbii.lon,  uhi  fup.  p.  257,    Bentin«,  ubi  fnpra,  p.  539, 
•  G^RBiL.  ibid.  p.  384,  386, 

li)fo   gave  him  his  libcrity,  \o  Jian  word  Nkrza,  which  figni* 

make  hi^  amejids  fcr  tile  dan-  £es  PtiHce. 

ger  he  had  run  of  lof  ng  his  life  (F)  He  (acceded  his  fatker 

<m  that  ocpafioTii  b^th^  enraged  In   1726,    nndcr  the  aame  or 

fCakmtOs:   .            .       ...  txddiii tofg'citing. 
{Jf,)  A  corru  ption  of  thecPv*- 

^        1    cannoi 

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C.  u  ii»Kipj&k,  #riC4pohakf  «    loi 

caonpa  ^4  iofentry.   By  favour  of  thpfe  forts  he  adranced 
condnually  forwards  in  the  lands  of  IContaj/b,  and  made  hlm- 
&lf  at  length  intire  mafter  of  the  aforefaid  provmces ;   the 
f(aJnmks  not  being  able  all  that  vhile  to  bring  him  to  a  battle. 
UiSi^is^VfoiiKwtaj/h,  who  faw  it  was  impoffibk  fof  him 
^  repd  the  Chine/es  without  infantry  and  ordnance,  the  ufe  of  Offert  H 
iriiicii  h^  been  till  then  unknot  tl  to  the  Kalmttks ;  in  the  year  ^ullia. 
^?Q  fent  emba/EuJors  to  Pet&r  I.  emperor  of  RuJJioy  then  at 
«!&;  Petirpmrgy  oSeriog  to  become  tributary  to  him,  provided 
^  wouU  fend  lo^Qoo  r^ular  troops,  with  cannon^  to  his 
afliftance;  obli^ng  hiinfelf  with  that  fmall  aid,  to  drive  the 
Qmefis  out  ugain :  ^)«t  the  war  with  Sivtdctiy  which  was  then 
on  foot,  joined  to  the  views  which  the  epperor  Peter  began  to  ' 

have  uppn  Perfia,^  hindered  him  from  accepting  of  thefe  ad- 
vantageous propofals.    Mean  time  the  Chinejfes  feized  all  which 
Wonged  to  Kontaijh,  lying  to  the  eaft  of  the  defarts,  toTVards 
m^  frontiers  oiChfmt  -and  have  there  fettled  colonies  of  Idungh  j 
lipt  did  not  meddle  witji  the  territories  of  the  dalay  lama  p. 
.Jiowevcr,  that  prince  muft  have  recovered  thofe  territories  not 
191^  after;  iince  we  are  informed  by  GauhiU  that,  in  1726,  ^^^^^^ 
.^  Tatars  of  Hami  (or  Khamil)  and  Turfdn,  as  well  as  Jk/ti,     jt^i 
JCiftjgoTy  Irghen   (or  Jarkien),  and  Anghien  (G),  were  then  ^jj       •^' 
4[iader  his  prxite(SUon.     His  refidence  was  called  Harkas  (or 
T^^g^f)*  on  the  river  JU  **  (by  fome  called  Konghis),  of  which 
an  accoumt  has  been  given  in  our  defcription  of  Tartary. 

BOOK     HI. 

C  H  A  p.    I. 

^ht  Hiftory  of  Juji,  or  Tuflii  Khin,  and  bis  defcend^ 
snts^  who  reigned  over  the  Kipjaks,  wilh  that  of  the 
kbdns  of  Krim  Tartary, 

THE  Ki/>JMs,  or  Kipchdks  (A),  inhabit  the  weftcm  part  Kfjjfrtrti 
of  Tartary  ;  and  formerly  their  country  was  of  very  thetr 
great  extent,  comprifmg  the  vaft  plains  reaching  in  ctmntty^ 
ireadth  from  the  Cafpian  fea  to  the  borders  of  Ruffia^  v^iich 

then 

"^  Bentink,  ubi  fup.  p.  546,  §:  feq.  *  Sot^ciET.  ObC 

Math.  &c.  p.  176,  177.  180. 

(G)  D'^rviik,  in  Ids  map,    p.  179.)  (ays,  it  lies  fome  Uapi^ 
places  this  town  on  the  river    to  the  fouth  of  the  fource  of 
i>,  or  Sihun,  about  fixty  miles    that  river. 
N.  W.  froip  its  fource;    but        (A)  They  are  called  alfo  ^>- 
QauhiJ,  in  Soumet  [Oh/i  Math,     chdks,  Ka^dks,  and  RafJhMs,  by 

Q  a  authors. 


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*I02  Tcnehiz  Khiin's  Succejfors  B'.II?: 

;  narrow  bounds;  and  extending 
enest  weftward,  a  confiderable  way 
the  Cafpian  fea  :  fo  that  not  only 
md  Kajfariy  belonging  at  prefent  to 
^»  ewife  all  Little  Tartary^  and  feme 

.  es  of  Europe^  were  included  in  it^ 

rge  empire.  This  is  to  be  under- 
iteft  extent :  nor  does  it  feem  tb 
lan  thefe  laft-mentioned  countries, 
enghtz  Khdriy  reduced  it  under  his 

I.  Jugi         We  have  already  mentioned  the  exploits 'of  Jujiy  or  Tujbi 

Khan.  (B),  who  accompanied  his  fiither  in  the  war  againft  Mohammed 
Karafm  Shah,  The  khan  was  fo  pleafed  with  his  conduft, 
tliat  he  foon  after  gave  him  the  fovereignty  of  KipjAk,  the 
country  of  the  Jetah,  or  Getes,  and  Turkejldn^  This  prince 
fettled  his  refidence  in  KipjM  :  where,  after  making  confidera- 
ble conquefts,  he  died  in  the  year  1226,  fix  months  before 

*  .  .  his  father ;  much  regretted  both  by  the  Mttnghy  and  his  new 
fubjefts.     We  have  but  few  materials  from  whence  to  give 

•^  .  •  our  readers  a  fatisfaf^ory  hiftory  of  the  fucceflbrs  of  Juji  Khdn, 

*  '  in  this  part  of  the  7i/a';2j/ empire  :  for  we  are  beholden  chiefly 
to  no  more  than  two  funds,  and  thofe  very  fcanty  ones,  being 
little  elfe  than  lifts  or  catalogues  of  the  khins  :  one,  com- 
municated by  JbH^gh^zi  Khdn,  of  Karazm,  m  his  hiftory  of 
the  Turks,  Moguls,  and  Tatars  ;  the  other  by  De  la  Croix, 
at  the  end  of  his  hiftory  of  Jenghiz  Khm.  Thefe  catalogues 
difagree  likewife  conftderably  with  each  other,  as  to  the  names 
and  number  of  the  khins,  as  well  as  the  dates  of  aftions.  For 
jnft^nce,  De  la  Croix  reckons  forty-one  khans  to  Haji  Keray, 
f>v  Ghctay  Khaa ;  and  Mulghazi  KhAn  only  feventeen  :  but 
wechufe  to  follow  the* latter,  as  he  was  a  defcendant  oi  Juji^ 
and  reigned  in  a  country  not  far  from  Kipjak,  Whence  it  may 
.,..,.  be  pcefumed,  that  he  was  better  acquainted  with  the  hiftorv 

^^  '  /  ^  of  that  region  than  the  Perfian  authors,  from  whom  De  fa 
^  ,  Croix  made  his  extract;  and  the  rather,  as  we  have  alrieady 
obferved,.  D'Hcrbelot  informs  us,  that  the  oriental  authors 
liavc  not  tranfniittcd  the  hiftory  of  uny  of  the  branches  of  the 
'MioigJ  empire  with  tolerable  exaftnefs  ;  excepting  that  which. 
'reigned  in  Pcrjia,  of  whlth  Hulagd  was  the  founder.     • 

'TL\i%\\<^fs\  as  1  arh"'  been  \  ^ready  pain  country,  confining  of  wide 

Val^en  r.otrccr  of.    Tbeir-land^is  extended  plains.- 
na^mzd  Dei/,  t  Ki'ija^,  ortheP/hw        (B)  And  Chuchi^  as  written  in 

'5/*  Kipj^k,  from  its  being  a  cham-  the  Chiftefi  hiftory* 

«•  "'  Upom 

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C«  u  h  Kipjak,  9r  Kapcbik.  ^O^ 

Upon  the  death  of  Jufi  Khdni  his  father  fent  immecliately  t.  fi&ta 
his  brother  Bdgatay  Utezkim  into  Dajbt  Kipjdk,  in  order  to  Khan, 
create  Batd  (C)  (or  Baclu)^  khan,  in  the  room  of  his  fathtt,    A.  D* 
Thatprkice  went  to  meet  his  grand  uncle,  and  condufted    '**^* 
him  to  the  ufual  place  of  his  refidence,  where  he  was  put  in 
polleffion  of  the  throne ;  but  the  foiemnity  was  fcarce  over, 
when  news  arrived  of  the  death  of  JmgMz  KhAn.   Hereupon 
Utezkim  returned  immediately  to  Karakum  (or  Ktirakor9m)^  and 
was  followed  by  BatUy  called  alfo  Saghin  KhAn^  accompanied 
by  his  brothers,  exceptii^  Ti^^jf  Tivdr^  the  youngeft  ;  who,  on 
this  occafion,  was  left  as  regent  during  his  abfence.     Being 
arrived .  at  court  with  the  reft,  they  affifted  at  the  inftalment  of 
Ugaday^  or  Oktay  KhAn^  whom  afterwards  they  accompanied 
m  his  expedition  to  IQtay. 

The  grand  khan,  pleafed  with  the  conduft  and  bravei-y 
which  he  had  obferved  in  Batti  Saghin  KhAn^  at  his  return 
gave  him  a  numerous  army  to  go  and  fubdue  the  Uris^  of 
Rujfiansy  Cherkaffians,  BuIgarSy  and  other  neighbouring  na- 
tions. He  likewife  ordered  his  fon-  Kayui,  who  lucceeded  him, 
Mangu  (or  Mengko),  fon  of  Tawlay  (or  Toley)^  and  Baydar^ 
fon  of  Jagatay  KhAn,  to  bear  him  company  in  this  weftem 
expedition. 

On  his,  return  to  KipjAk,  Togay  TimUr  feafted  him  and  all  tils  con-^ 
the  princes  fplendidly  for  three  days.  After  this,  BatA  gave>  quifts^ 
in  his  turn,  a  feaft,  which  lafted  forty  days ;  at  the  end  of 
which  he  fet  forward  on  his  intended  conquefts.  His  expedi- 
tion was  crowned  with  the  fuccefs  which,  fays  our  author, 
every-body  knows ;  and  the  khan,  having  filled  all  the  weft 
with  the  glory  of  his  great  exploits,  at  length  returned  to 
J^ajbt  KipjAk,  where  he  died  fomc  time  after,  in  the  capital^ 
of  the  country,  called  Kok-Orda ».  De  la  Croiy:  puts  this  event 
of  his  death  in  1256  (D) ;  and  fays,  he  conquered  the  Alans ^ 
JJfiteSy  Ruffians  or  MufcoviteSy  Bulgars,  and  feveral  other 
cations  :  that,  a^ofCng  thro'  Ruffia,  he  even  ravaged  PgUnd, 

*  Abulghazi  Khan.  hi{t«  Turks,  &:c.  p.  19J,  Sc  feq. 

(C)  Called  alfo  Baatu,  Batty  Batu  wjts  of  the  religion  of 
and  Badu  ;  which,  according  to  Jenghiz  Kkdrty  which  confifted 
Kondamiry  fignifies  Jlrength  and  folely  in  the  worihip  of  God* 
hardnefs  in  the  Mogul  language.  He,  by  his  authoiity,  eftablifhed 
D'Herbclot.  Bibl.  Orient,  art.  Mangu  Kk&n  on  the  thrdne  of 
Baiu.  the  Munglsy  in  the  caft  of  ^ar- 

(D)  Wtierheht^  from  Konda-  tary  \  and  even  facilitated  the 
*i'r,  or  Mirkondy  does  the  fame  5  conquell  of  China,  Bibl.  oricn^* 
fo  that  he  reigned  thirty  years,  p.  190,  art.  Baci^. 

G  4  Moravia^ 

Digitized  by  VjiU\._/VlV^ 


I04  Jen^  Ki^'s  Succeffors  MIL 

Moravia,  and  Dalmatia.  Then  marched  mtx)  Hungary,  with 
a  deiign  to  go  and  befiege  Conftantinople,  but  was  prevented  by 
death ;  which  contradifts  Ahulghdzi  KhMs  account,  who  foytf 
he  died  in  Kipchdk.  De  la  Croix  adds^  that  Bati  perfonned 
feveral  other  confiderable  expbits,  and  was  reported  to  havft 
been  the  moft  Uberal  and  generous  prince  in  the  world  *>. 

3.  Burgha  BA  TU  Saghin  Khan  was  fucceeded  by  his  brother  Burgha  .• 
Khan.       who,  on  that  occafion,  gave  a  very  magnificent  fbaft  to  aU  his 

vaflai  lords  \  and  diAributed  feveral  confiderable  prefents  aoKM^ 
the  chief  of  them.  Nor  did  he  forget  to  fend  fome  ci  an  ek* 
traordinary  richnefs  to  Koplay  {Kublay,  or  H&'fn-lay)  KiAty 
in  order  to  obtain  his  confirmation  of  the  choice  which  his 
fubjefts  had  made  of  him  in  the  room  of  Bati.  Bvrgha 
Khdn  reigned  with  no  lefs  glory  than  juf&e,  and  was  muck 
dreaded  by  all  his  neighbours.  One  time,  as  he  was  on  the 
road  to  vifit  Koplay  Khdn,  he  met  with  merchants  of  great 
■Mukhdria  ;  and,  faUing  into  difcourfe  with  fome  of  them  about 
the  M<ihammedan  worfliip,  was  fo  affefted  with  the  account 
they  gave  of  it,  that  he  forthwith  embraced  that  reli^n. 
He  alfo  in  time  brought  over  his  younger  brother  T&gay  Thnur, 
who  accompanied  him ;  and,  at  his  return,  published  an  order 
for  all  his  fubjefts  to  embrace  Mohdmmedijm :  tut  he  died, 
faith  our  author,  before  he  could  complete  fo  falutary  a  work, 
after  he  had  reigned  twenty-five  years  ^.  De  ia  Croix  fays,  he 
reigned  but  ten,  and  that  he  died  in  1266  ;  but,  by  Jbulghdzi 
Khdn's  account,  which  we  prefer,  his  death  mufl  ^ave  hap- 
pened in  1 28 1 .  The  firft  of  thefe  authors,  befides  taking  no- 
tice that  Bereke,  as  he  calls  Burgha,  turned  Mohammedan, 
adds,  that  he  was  engaged  in  a  very  bloody  war  with  Hulaku 
Khdn  oL  Perfia  ;  and  that  afterwards,  being  defirous  to  exe- 
cute part  of  Batu's  defign,  he  marched  as  far  as  Conftantino* 
pie,  ravaging  all  the  country  in  his  paffage  **. 

4.  Mangu  BURGUA  Khdn  had  for  his  fucteflbr  his  brother  Mengu 
Timur  7^mur  (E),  who  was  a  prince  of  much  ^urs^e  and  condu6l. 
Khin.       Some  time  after  his  advancement  to  the  crown,  he  gave  a 

tribe,  fubjeft  to  him,  called  Ak  Orda  (or  The  IVhite  Orda),  to 
Behadr  Khdn,  fon  of  Sheybani  Khdn  ;  and  the  cities  of  Kaffa 
and  Krhn  to  Ordn  Timur,  fon  of  Togay  Timir.     After  this 

**  De  la  Croix,  hift.  Gengh.  p.  387.  *  Abuloh.  uU 

fup.  p.  195.        ^  De  LA  Croix,  ubi  fup.  p.  387. 

(E)  Dc  la  Croix  fays,  he  was  named  J&Vi,  which  was  the  name 

named  Mongatmur ,  or  Manku-  of  Jenghix  Khan%  great  great 

.    tern  ;  'that   he  was  the  fon  of  grandfather.     HiH.    Genghifc. 

Z>->^rt/r,  thcfonof^a/K,  andfur-  p.  387,&fc^. 

%  ■* . 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


C  i:  .  In  Kip^,  or  Kapchak.  .  105 

he  took  the  field  ^[ainft  the  Bulgars ;  and  haviag,  In  tWo 
years,  made  confiderable  conqnefts  on  that  fide,  returacd  to 
bb  own  dominions.  From  thence  he  not  long  after  marched 
towards  the  country  of  IrAn  (or  Perjia  at  large),  i^nft 
Ahka  (or  JMa)  KMn,  who  came  to  an  amicable  i^eement 
with  him ;  which  continued  with  fo  much  friendftup,*  that 
every  year  they  fent  each  othd:  prefents.  But  his  fBcceflbr 
Ahmedy  fon  of  HidcM  KhAn^  hxvmg  been  flain  by  his  {Mka's) 
(on  Argun ;  as  foon  as  the  news  reached  the  court  of  Mengd 
Tim^  KhAn,  he  fent  Tarkay  and  Turkuchayy  two  of  his  ge- 
nerals, with  80,000  men,  towards  the  frontiers  of  IrAn.  On 
advice  of  this,  Argun  Kh&n  detached  AnAr  T^gatur^  one  of 
his  beft  officers,  with  a  good  body  of  troops,  to  meet  them, 
and  followed  in  perfon  with  all  his  forces.  The  two  anhies 
coming  to  an  engagement,  in  a  place  called  Karahakh  (F), 
that  of  Mengu  TmAr  was  defeated  ;  -whidi  afflifted  him  fo 
much,  that  he  died  foon  after®. 

Upon  his  deceafe,  Tuda  MangU  (G),  fon  of  BaftlitMn,  r^^^ 
afoended  the  throne  of  KifjAk  :  but,  as  he  overburdened  his  Meng^   * 
fubjefts  with  taxes,  Tokhtagit^    fon  of  Mengu  Thnur  Kh&n\  Khan, 
thought  himfelf  obliged  to  reprefent  to  him  the  injuftice  of 
his  conduft.     This  was  taken  fo  ill  by  the  khan,  that  he  wajj 
conffrained  to  leave  the  country :  however,  he  found  means  to 
return  thither  not  long  after,  at  the  head  of  a  powerful  army ; 
and,  having  gained  a  battle,  m'wVich.'Tuda  Manguwzs  flain, 
got  himfelf  to  be  acknowleged  khJn.       > 

TOKHTAGU  Khdn  (H)  reigned  with  the  Univerfal  ap-  6.  Tokh- 
plaufe  of  his  fubjefts,  and  fubdued  a  great  number  of  neigh-  tagu 
bouring  cities  :  but  he  was  carried  pfF  by  death  in  the  midft  Khan« 
of  his  conquefts,  after  a  reign  of  fix  years  ;  and  was  buried 
in  the  city  of  Shari  Sarayjik  (I),  purfqant  to  his  laft  direc- 
tions. 

l/Z^^JTfucceeded  his  father  Tokhtagu\  and,  though  but  7  Uzbet 
thirteen  years  old,  reigned  with  much  prudence  and  refolu-  Khan. 

*  Abuloh.  ubifup.  p.  195,  &fcq. 

(F)  Or  Karahag,  called  alfo        (H)  De  la  Croix  calls   him 
^ttr^ag  Arrant  a  noted  place  in    Jokta^  or  Beigaha, 

Arran  (a  part  of  Armenia  near  (I)  This  feems  to  be  the  fame 

the  river  Arras)^  famous  for  fc-  place  with^/^or/  Saray:  the  ruirw 

veral  battles  fought  there.  of  which  are  on  the  eaft  fide  of 

(G)  In  place  of  this  prince  the  Wolga^  a  little  to  the  north 
*^e  la  Croix  puts  Kaxas^  fon  of  ofZarizaf  or  Zaraygrood;  uRu/- 
Jazax  (called  alfo  TuJatenkay],  fian  city,  on  the  weft  fide,  in  the     ^ 
fon  of  Dogan.  part  where  that  river  and  tly 

Dan  approach  each  oth^r. 

tion. 

»  Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


io6  Jenghfz  KhanV  Sacajfofi  %  IIL 

tiOD.    He  introduced  the  Mohammedan  worftip  thro'  all  the 
provinces  of  his  dominioos ;  which  procured  him  the  afledUoQ 
of  his  fubjefts  to  fuch  a  degree,  that,  as  a  proof  of  it,  they 
affumed  the  name  of  Uzbeks^  which  they  have  ever  fince  re- 
tained, and  never  had  before.     After  this  event^  Uzbek  Khan. 
tried  his  fortune  twice  againft  Jbu  Said  Kh&n^  who  reigned 
in  Iran:  but  without  reaping  any  advantage  by  thofe  expedir 
tions ;  and  died  at  his  return  from  the  laft  ^     According  to 
Kondamtr^  the  firft  of  thefee}fpeditions  was  in  the  year  1 3 1 8 ; 
the  fecond  in  1335  ;  occafloned  by  ^z^^i's laying  daim  to  the 
<crown  of  Irdn  ^,   An  account  of  thefe  expedition?  will  be  given 
hereafter  in  the  reign  of  Jbufaid,  one  of  the  fucceflbrs  of  Hu-^ 
lagu»     De  la  Croix,  probably  by  fome  miftake  in  the  pointing 
of  bis  author,  calls  this  prince  Ertek ;  and  fays,  he  is  reckoned 
the  founder  of  the  tribe  named  Rus  Ertek  :  it  fliould  be  Rus 
Uzkek.    He  makes  him  alfo  the  fon  of  2«/,  the  fon  of  Kili  ^ 
before-mentioned . 
8.  Jani         UZBEK  Khdn  had  for  his  fucceflbr,  in  the  throne  of  the 
BekKhan  Kipjdks,  his  fon  jani  Bek,  who  got  the  reputation  of  a  very 
virtuous  and  devout  M(J)ammedan.    He  ufually  refided  in  the 
city  of  Shari  Sarayjii,  and  continually  applied  himfelf  to  the 
good  of  his  fubjefts.     During  his  reign,  Maiek  AJhrif,  fon  of 
Timur  Tajb^  had  feized  the  kingdom  of  Jzcrbejan  in  Irdn^  and 
the  neighbouring  provinces  :  but,  as  he  was  a  great  tyrant,  and 
led  a  fcandalous  life,   many  of  his  fubjefts  left  the  coun- 
try, and  went  over  to  Janibek  Khan*     Among  the  reft  was 
Mohuzo'ddhiy  a  chief  man  of  the  law  :  who,  pne  day,  in*  ex- 
pounding the  Kiirdn  in  the  Masjid  (or  molk),  before  the  khan, 
and  a  great  many  perfons  of  ran^k,  took  an  occafion  to  touch 
on  the  fcandalous  life  of  MaUk  Afir^f',  and  then  addreiEng 
himfelf  to  Jani  Bek,  told  hin^,  that,  in  cafe  he  did  not  do  his 
utmoft  to  put  an  end  to  the  infamous  conduct  of  that  tyrant, 
both  he  (the  preacher)  and  his  fubjefts  would  accufe  him, 
before  the  throne  of  God,  o£  all  the  evil  which  might  accrue 
from  thence. 
conquers         THIS  menace  made  fuch  an  impreflion  on  the  mind  of  Jani 
Azeibi-     Bek  Khdn,  that  he,  without  delay,  afTembled  all  his  forces, 
Jan.  and  marched  into  Ir^n :   where,  having  defeated  and  (lain 

Malek  Ajhrhfy  he  feized  all  his  dominions,  with  his  treafured^ 
which  he  divided  among  his  fubjedts,  amounting  to  400  ca- 
mels load  in  goods  and  jewels,  bcfides  other  valuable  eflfcft^. 
After  this,  leaving  his  fon  Birdi  Bck  to  govern  the  conquered 

^  Abulgh.  tibi  fup.  p.  197,  &  feq.  e  D^Herbelot, 

Plbl.  orient,  art.  AbufaVd  ben  Algiaptii.  *»  De  la  CroijC, 

ubi  fup.  p.  38S. 

pro'.lnces 

Digitized  by  VjOOQI(^ 


tu  In  Kipj&k,  or  Kapchlk.  tcf 

provinces,  he  returned  to  hb  own  dominions.  There  falling  Gck 

immediately  on  Ws  arrival,  he  difpatched  couriers  to  his  fon, 

that  he  might  fee  him  before  he  died ;  but,  finding  death  not 

wiUmg  td  allow  him  fo  much  time,  he  enjoined  the  lords  of  his 

court  to  acknowlege  Birdi  Bek  for  their  fovereign.     Soon  after 

this  he  expired,  and  was  buried  in  Shari  Sarayjik,  in  the  year 

of  the  Hejrah  7  58  (of  Chrift  1 356),  after  he  had  reigned  fcven 

years  K     De  la  Croix,  with  more  probability,  places  the  death 

rf  Jani  Bek  in  1349  (K),     The  fame  authof*  fays,  that  he 

marched  by  the  wky  of  Derbend  {in  Sbirwdn)  into  AzerbejAn ; 

which  had  been  lifurped  from  the  children  of  j4M/a}d  by  Ma- 

lek  jtfbrqf^  who  had  been  his  waift*,  or  vizir  ^. 

.    BIRDI  Bekyhdng  detained,  by  affairs  of  importance,  in  9.  Birdi 

Ae  provinces  of  Irariy  for  two  years  after  his  father's  death  (L),  BekKhfiik 

at  length  arrived ;  and,  having  fpent  three  days  in  lamenting 

'that  lofs,  caufed  himfelf  to  be  publicly  acknowleged  khan. 

After  this,  he  abandoned  himfelf  intirely  to  tyranny,  and  a 

bmtifh  life.    As  he  reckoned  he  had  a  long  time  to  live,  he 

-put  to  death  A\  his  relations  ;  for  fear  any  of  them  fhould  at-      j 

tempt  to  thnlft  him  6ut  of  the  throne,  which  he  poflefled  fo      | 

unworthily.'  But  his  debaucheries  fooh  put  an  end  to  His 

life,  which  happened  in  Hejrah  762  :  and  as,  with  this  khan,  Hcj.  762. 

the  pofterity  of  Mengi  Tmir  KhAn  became  extin6f,  ^  the    A.  D. 

icqptre  of  the  countries  of  KipjAk  was  conferred  on  the  other    1360. 

d^ndsLTits  p[  Juji  khdn  K 

After  the  death  of  Birdi  Bek  Khan,  Uris  Khdn,  fon  of  10.  Urus 
Sadakul  Oglan,  fon  of  Khoja,  fon  of  Jvas  Tim^r,  fon  of  To-  Khan. 
gay  7m4r,  youngeft  fon  of  Jvji  Khdn,  feized  the  fceptre  of 
the  Kipjdks,  and  reigned  for  fome  years  very  peaceably :  till 
at  length  Toktamjb  (M)  (or  Tokatmijh),  defcended  from  To- 
gay  Timttr,  by  another  branch,  attempted  to  thruft  him  from 
tiie  thrones  but,  his  troops  having  be^  defeated  -  by  f/r?/x 
Khan,  he  was  obliged  to  fly  for  refuge  to  Jmtr  Timur  {or  Ta- 
merlon) f  who  refidcd  at  Samarkani,  in  Great  Bukhdria,   A  few 

*  Abuloh.  nbifup,  p.  198.  '^  De  la  Croix,  ubi  fup. 

j>.  388.         '    ^  Abvlgh.  ubi  fup.  p.  199. 

(K)  Taking  from  thence  fe-  Kond^mr,  happened  fcven  years 

yen  years,  for  that  khan's  reign,  before.  Perhaps  y,3«/;5^/f  reigned 

It  Will  bring  the  death  of  JJ^ek  longer  than  feven  years. 
Khan  to  IJ42.     This  does  not         (L.)  De  la  Croix  fa/s  he  lefjt 


agree  with  th^  account  of  Abul-  Tauris  Immediately 
^bd$u  Khdn,  who  fays,  it  hap-  (M)  Tokiamij 

pened  at  his  return  from  his  fe-  ^okul  Kh<ja  Og 

cond  expedition  againil  Abufdid  rihe,a%  fon  of  ^ 

Khdn  \  which,  from  the  date  of  of  Togay  limur 


days 

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Hcj.  777" 
A.  D. 

«37S- 

Defeats 
Tbkat- 


j^oS  Jenghfe  KWipV  Stiffs  B.IB. 

liays  after  i^igi^/  Mangap,  who  h^  p;at  h^gifis)!'  into  thp  fiaF«> 
vice  of  Tokatmijh,  followed  him  j  with  tiding^  that  LTjriJj  ^iM/r» 
and  ^  his  forces,,  might  c^Afy  b^  furprife^*  bec.^iJli?  h^in^ebei 
:owards  Gr^^a^  Buth^ria,     Idigii  M(mgai(^  ^.^ 
ik  Kahay  a  m»fi  of  diftioAio^  >Mi^<i^  th^  tribf 
[or  ^A^V^?  Murtgk)i.  wbp^  icteighfcer  7«7wr  h^4 
;e  to  one  of  hi6  fpQ$,  qf  whidi  ai^ag^  7Sfz4f 
ifTue.     Upon  thi^  ^ice  yS^««(fr  77JW<r  fent  To* 
numecous  ar^  agE^qil  Uriis  ,fk4M;   1^QP9 
and. (lain  in:  the  battle,  he  fi^i>4.  o^  difi^ul^ 
roue  in  771^  ^  (of  Chrift  1375).* 
with  a  inore  p^r^cul%r  accouQt  of  this  waft: 
between  Tokatmijh  and  I/r/tfj  iTy&^a  in  <he,,iifi^  of  TintfiK  Bek^ 
written  by  Shartfo'ddin  ^^V  a  P^/[)tf^ip.a\ith0rjJt  may  brpPOr- 
per  to  give  an  abftra^  of  jt  oa  this  o^c^oq. .  WhUe  ?^^ 
was  on  his  return  from  hig  expe4it|pn  ^^^  K,i^^^'ii4Jin^  pdioto 
of  7^'/^,  or  th^  Gates y  ii^  the  year  of  thi?  ^'^Sr^'777  ;  Hftrft* 
ceived  advice  '\i\2iX>  T'okatnUfi) -^1^1%^  jeaien^'bf  "yr^/ Al^^i  >f^ 
on  the  r9ad,  to  put  himfeif.  under  his  pr<]^:e{li(>n4  -   Hereupo|i 
L      he  {ent  arv  i/z^/?it  officer .  of  d^Hiinftion .  ij^k  bring  iiHfl  to  court ; 
*       where  he  arrived  foon  rfter  .ijiat  o^aarch:  hftdireaphed  his  czt 
pital.     He, was  receive^  with  tfeegreaieft  bQiK>i3r^  by  Tirriiri 
who  alfo  beftowed  pn  Mm  ,th^  gpvenu^i^tjd,  of c/J/^r^jv,  QtrAr^ 
Saganak^  Say  ram,  'Siir^y^;9^^;  othjer/gl^/^  the  emfw.rf 
Kipjdk,  which  were  in  his  .pofleffi.oii. .   Thie'prisice  was  fcaccc 
fettled  in  his  new  depar tm^iQ.  before  he  W^,  l^hUgeil  to  mArch 
agaioft  Kotluk  Biiga,  fon  <^'Vrih  KhAn\  aai  ^Itho*  this  litter 
was  ilain  in  the  Hght  wi^h/.ai^  ^fTow,  y^%-^fiii»tn^^,  leaving 
his  country  to  be  jSund^icd  b^  tlp^  enemjfi^-MfeW.iOhfiged  Ko-Bf 
to  Timur;  who  receifVeij^  i^  -^A^Uh  .gr^^  JkoteiDiir  thai  jSC 
firft,  ^fld  fent  hifl>  bacfew^th  fr0(h  foifces.   . . 
/ff'i;^//^j         As  foon  as-  TuMai  ^^j<i»i;  .^4eft-foa  of  Urfis^  KhAity  hiA  «§»- 
TimftrV    vice  of  this,  he  m^arQt^d  wi^  a. very  seumeroda  wmty^  and  .der 
dominigm.  feate4  Tqkatmjh',  who,  Ui^bi3  flight,  wa?  purfucdvand  wofoadr 
ed  in  the  hand  with,  an  arrow,  as  he  paffed  the  river  Sihun  (or 
Sir):     B^ing.  gotten  to^  the  other  fide,  Fie  entered  a  wAod 
alone,  naked  and  wqundefi :    wfcere  cafting  himfelf  ^n .  th^ 
ground,  to  get  fome  reft,  his  doleful  moan  foon  brought  thi- 
ther one  of  his  old  captains,  who  fbund "him  Juft  recovered 
from  a  fwoon ;  and,  aft^  taking  proper  qare  of  him,  brought 
him  to  BokMra.     Thnur,  who  wis  there  encamped,  ordered 
another  equipage  to  be  mad^  for  him,^  as  magnificent  as  the 
formere .    M^an  time  a  commander,  named  Jjideku,  of  the  tribp 

>^  Ab^i>&h«  ubi  fup.  p.  200. 


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C.  I.  *  ,   /^ICipjak,  ^r  Kapchifc.  io^ 

of  Mangut  (N),  brought  advice  from  the  court  of  Urus  Khin^ 
that  he  was  marching  agaiuil  Timurf  and  fought  every-^here^ 
for  Tokatmifi  :  at  the  fame  tune  embafTadors  arrived  from  the 
khan»  to  demand  that  prince  to  be  given  up;  otherwife  to 
(teclare  war.  TinaUr  aofwered,  that  he  would  proteft  'tohaU 
mi/bf  and  fooa  meet  their  mafter  in  the  field ;  as  he  did  at 
^4naky  twentyfour  leagues  from  Otrdr* 

These  vaft  armies  were  ready  to  engage,  when  there  fell  a  Returns, 
prodigious  quantity  of  rain  and  {now,  followed  by  fo  exceffive  a  ^^^  ^^*^ 
cdd,  that  the  limbs  both  of  men  and  beafls  lofl  all  motion. 
At  t}^  end  of  three  months,  during  which  this  weather  conti- 
nued, Timir,  weary  of  being  fo  long  in  fight  of  the  enemy, 
and  yet  out  of  a(tion>  fent  a  detacihment  to  attack  them  in 
the  night ;  which,  meeting  with  3000  horfe,  commanded  b/ 
Tmtkr  Makk  ^gkn,  fon  of  Urus  KJ^An^  defeated  them,  the 
prmce  himfelf  being  wounded  in  the  foot  with  an  arrow, 
Hcreupcm  UriU  KhAn^  defpairing  of  fuccefs,  returned  home» 
Tmrnr  lifcewife  marched  back  to  Great  Bukhdria :  but,  as  fooa 
as  die  feafon  permitted,  he  fet  forward  again,  with  defign  ta 
invade  Ki^k ;  and  made  fo  much  expeditiou,  that,  in  fifteen 
days  and  nights,  he  arrived  with  his  army  at  Jeyran  Kamijh^ 
that  is.  The  reeds  for  deerSy  a  town  in  that  country,  whofe  in- 
habitants  he  found  faft  afleep.  Here,  being  informed  that 
Uriis  Khdn  was  dead^  he  eftabliftied  Tokatmifh  fovereign  of 
Kipjiky  and  the  reft  oif  the  empire  of  Tu/hi  (or  Juji) ;  after 
which  he  returned  to  bis  own  dominions  "• 

This  accoant  of  Urus  Khin's  death  is  doubtlefs  moreexaft  Confnfion 
Aan  that  of  MulgMzi  Khdn ;  becaufe,  had  he  been  killed  in  ''«Kipjak* . 
battle,  it  would  have  afForded  a  fubjeft  of  triumph  to  Tmur'% 
hiftorian,  De  la  Croix  places  no  fewer  than  nine  khans  be- 
tween Birdi  Bey,  or  Bek,  and  Urus  Khan  ;  whofe  names,  ac- 
cording to  him,  are,  Kildi  Bek,  another  ^  Jani  Bek's  fons  ; 
Noruz,  who  pretended  to  be  a  fon  of  Jani  Bek ;  Cherkfs  Khdn^ 
who  was  Jikewife  fet  up  for  a  fon  of  the  fame  prince,  fuch 
were  the  cofyuaftures  rf  that  time ;  Kheder  Khan ;  Mazud 
Khun,  fon  of  Kheder  Kh&n ;  Bazarchi  Khan ;  Tokay,  fon  of 
^htihi  Khan  ;  Tokluk  Timtir  Khan,  Tokay's  nephew ;  Murad 
Ksja  Khan,  brother  of  the  former  o.     But  thefe  are  not  to  be 

"  Hift.  Tim.  Bek.  1.  ii.  c.  20—23.  P-  «7^ — 186.  •  De 

lA  Ckoix,  hift.  Gengh.  p.  388,  it  feq. 

(N)    This  feems  to  be  the  crroneoufly  written ;  but  wc  can- 

^iighi    Mangap    of    Ahulghd'sd  rot  fay  where  the  fault  lies  in 

Khdn^  in  the  tranilation  of  whofe  die  prefcot  inflancc. 
hiftory  the  nam^s  ar«  often  ver/ 

confidered    j 

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itQ  Jenghlz  Kban'j  Suaejars.  B.  IIL, 

confidered  as  fo  many  kbans,  who  reigned  fucccffivdy  one 
after  the  other ;  but  rather  as  pretenders,  or  ufiirpers,  who 
laid  claim  to  the  whole,  or  feized  part  of  it,  and  reigned  at 
the  fame  time,  till  they  were  fupprefled  by  the  forces  of  Urus 
Khdn,     Bvit  to  vttmvi  to  tokatm0y:  *^'^ 

11.  To-       Altho*  Tb^rt/mj/^  feemed  to  be  now  fecurely  eftablifhed 
katmifh     in  the  throne  of  Ktpjdky  yet  his  pofleffion  did  not  long  conti- 
Khan        nue  quiet :  for  Tukta  Ktya,  eldeft  fon  of  t/rus  Khdn^  dyii^* 
foon  after  his  father,  his  brother  TJmrfr  Malek  Jgien  afcended 
Hej.  778.  the  throne;  and,  in  ,778,  marching  with  a  powerful  army 
A.  D.     kgainft  Tokatmi/b,  after  feveral  fldraiifties,  once  more  intirely 
1376'     vanquUhed  him.     But,  by  means  of  a  very  fleet  horfe,  given 
him  by  the  emperor,  to  ferve  him  on  fuch  occafions,  he  efcaped, 
eftahlified  ^^  got  alone  to  court,  all  his  troops  being  difperfed.     The 
J^Timur;  generous  Tim^r  again  recruited  his  lofles,  and  fent  him  bade 
with  feveral  commanders,  who  had  orders  to  replace  him  on 
the  throne  of  Kipjdk :  which  they  aiccordingly.  did,  in  the  city 
of  Sagahak ;  and,  purfuant  to  cuftom,  fprinkled  on  him  gold 
and  precious  ftones.     Mean  time  Orki-timiir,  taken  prifoner  in 
the  late  battle,  made  his  efcape,  and  informed  Timtlr  Bek^ 
that  Timiir  Malek  fpent  both  night  and  day  in  debauches  : 
that  he  flept  till  ten  in  the  morning,  which:  is  dinner-time^  , 
iio  one  daring  to  awake  him,  whatever  affairs  of  importance 
required  it ;  and  that  all  the  people  of  Kipjdk  defired  Tokat^ 
mijb  for  their  fovereign.     On  this  news,  the  emperor  fent  to 
advife  that  prince  to  march  with  all  expedition  to  attack  his 
rival,  who  had  pafTed  the  winter  at  Karatd  (O).     Tokatmijb 
Jglen  immediately  departed  from  Saganak ;  and,  coming  up 
with  the  enemy,  defeated  them ;  by  which  viftory  he  recovered 
the  throne.     Timdr  Bek  was  fo  rejoiced  at  this  news,  that  he 
fpent  many  days  in  feafting,  and  releafed  many  prifoners.    Ai 
for  Tokatmi/b  Khati^  he  returned  to  pafs  the  winter  at  Saga* 
nak ;  and,  raifing  a  great  army  in  fpring  foUowmg,  went  and 
reconquered  the  kingdom  of  Saray  (P)  and  Memak^  with  the 
reft  of  the  empire  of  Tujbi  Khdn  ?. 
ifi'vades  bis     When  Timiir  Kutluk^  before-mentioned,  grew  up,  he  went  to 
dominions,  dwell  in  the  country  of  the  Kipjdks,  and  Idighi  Mangap  put 
himfdf  under  his  proteftion.     This  greatly  difpleafed  Tokat* 
mtfb  Khdn  ^  v/ho,  having  befides  entertained  a  fufpicion  that 
Timur  Kutluk  fought  to  fupplant  him,  endeavoured,  without 

P  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  1.  ii.  c  24,  25.  p.  187 — 190. 

(O)  Karataly  a  place  in  Ktp^    or  Saricy,  above- men tioned,  was 
jak.  the  capital, 

(P)  Of  which  ^hari  Sdrayjik, 

*  noUe^ 

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C.  I.  In  Kipj4k,  cr  Kapcb^k.  1 1 1 

poifey  to  .get  rid  of -fo  dangerous  a  rival.  But  Ttm^r  Kufluk, 
having  difcovered  the  khan's  defign,  fled  for  refuge  to  Creat 
Bukhdria,  whither  he  was  followed  fix  months  after  by  IdigH 
Mangap.  Mean  time,  while  Jndr  Timur  invaded  Irdn  with 
all  his  forces,  Tokatmijb  Khdn  entered  Creat  Bukhdria,  then 
deflitute  of  troops,  with  a  great  army ;  and,  having  taken 
Sdmarkant,  put  to  the  fword  a  great  number  of  the  inhabit-  . 
ants.  After  this,  h^  fet  out  for  his  own  dominions  :  but  jimir 
Timir^  who,*  on  the  firft  news  of  that  prince's  piarch,  had 
returned  homewards,  followed  him  with  fo  much  diligence, 
that  he  overtook  him  on  the  banks  of  the  At  el  (or  JVolga)^ 
Tokatmifb  Khdn^  finding  there  was  no  way  to  avoid  a  battle, 
gave  it  with  all  the  refolution  imaginable :  but,  the  good  for- 
tune of  Timur  having  prevailed  over  all  the  conduct  of  the 
khan,  this  laft  was  obliged  to  efcape  by  flight,  after  having 
loft  all  his  army  in  the  engagement. 

After  the  battle,  TimUr  KMuk,  who  was  in  the  aftion,  Timftr 
^th  Jmir  71m^r*s  confcnt,  went  to  look  for  his  fubjefts,  Kutluk 
whom  he  had  bafely  abandoned,  for  fear  of  Toktamijb  KhM  ;  retirej^ 
and,  having  met  with  a  great  number  of  them  on  the  banks  oS 
the  j4tel,  prepared  to  march  with  them  to  Samarkant.    But 
Uighi  Mangap  advifed  him  not  to  put  it  in  Amtr  Timor's 
power  to  deprive  him  of  his  futyefts,  by  diftributing  them  in 
the  cities  belonging  to  his  dominions  :  he  told  him,  that  would 
neceflarily  reduce  him   to  a  fbte  of  abfolute  dependence  on 
Timur ;  and  therefore  counfelled  him  to  go  fettle  elfewhere ' 
with  his  people  :  which  the  other  accordingly  did ;  and  retired 
fo  fecretly,  that  it  is  not  known  whither  he  went*'  (Q^).   De  la 
Croix  puts  two  of  UriU  Kf^dn's  fons  between  him  and  Tokat- 
mi/b,  whom  he  m^es  the  twenty-third  khan  ;    viz,  Tokta 
Kaya^  (eldefl  fon  of  Vrus^  who  died  in  1376,  the  fame  year 
with  his  father),  and  Timur  Malek  Aglen  ^ 

TOKATMISH  Khan,  at  his  death,  left  dght  fons  (R) :  12.  Ka- 
but  Kaverchik,  fon  of  Urus  KhAn,  feized  the  KipjAk  fceptre,  vcrchik 
and  reigned  after  him.  Khan. 

He 

•  ^  Abulok,  ubi  fup.  p.  201,  &  feq.        '  Db  la  Croix,  ubi 
fup.  p.  389. 

JQ)  Timur  mz^t  fe vera!  ex-  (R)  Their  names  were,  1 .  7^^ 

^     itions,  befides  thb,  into  Kip-  lalodcTtn  ;  2.  JabarBirdi ;  3.  Ka- 

jak^    againft    Tokatmi/h,    wliich  yuk  i  4.  KanmBirdi;  5.  JJkant 

fliall  be  related  in  the  reign  of  dtr ;    6.  Jhti-fdid ;    7.    Khoja  $ 

that  prince;  who,  asDela  Croix  2.  Kadir  Btrdi :  but,  of  the  fix 

obferves,  defeated  him  in  15^8,  mentioned  by  De  la  Croix,  three 

1391,  and  1395.  are   not  to    be  found   among 


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lit  Jcnghiz  Kl^'slSiiae^ors  B/IIT. 

13.  Barak  He  Was  fucceeded  by  his  fon  Barak  Khdn  •.  De  la  Croix 
Khan.       makes  this'  the  thirty-eighth  khan,  placmg  fourteen  between 

Tokatmijb  and  him,  in  the  following  order :  TtmUr  Kutluk 
Jgleriy  fon  of  Timilr  Malek^  who  had  ferved  Tmur  in  the 
Wars  againft  Tokatmijh  Khdn  ':  Shadi  Bek,  notwithftanding  the 
Jnftallation  oi  Koyrichak  Jglen,  hy  Timur,  in  Jpril  1395: 
Pu^ai,  fon  of  Shldi  Bei,  dtho'  Timur  did  not  acknowlege 
hifli  for  khan  :  Timur/ (on  of  Timur  Kutlui,  altho'  not  ac- 
knowleged  by  Timur,  who  had  iriftalled  IdeHKhAn  :  Jalalo'd- 
din  ;  Kerim  Birdi ;  Kepek  Khan  ;  Bahhira  ;  Kadir  Birdi:  Thefe 
five  laft  were  fons  of  Tokatmijb  Khan:  Kadir  Birdi  was  killed 
In  battle  againft  Idek^,  before-mentioned.  The  fame,  Idekii  : 
SidiJhmed)  Dervijhy  fon  oi  Aljhi  Khdn\  Kuchuk  Mehemed^ 
fon  of  Tokatmijh ;  Dolet  Birdi  Kh&Uy  fon  of  Tajb  Ttmilr ;  . 
Barrak  Kh&n,  fon  of  Kavarjik  ^  It  appears  from  this  great 
number  of  competitors  for*  the  Kifjdk  throne,  that  the  coun- 
try was  in  much  confufion  j  which  daily  increafed,  inftead  of 
fubfiding. 

14.  Mah-  Upon  the  demife  of  Barak  KhAn,  Mahmat  (S),  fon  of  Ha^ 
jnatKhan.J/J;z  Oglan^  fon  of  Jabina^  fon  of  Tolak  Timur ^  fon  di  Saricha^ 

fon  of  Avas  Timur ,  fon  of  Togay  Timitr^  feized  the  fceptre 
of  the  country  of  the  Kipjdks. 

1 5.  Jani  MAHMAT  Kh^n  had  for  his  fucceflbr  AbAJa'id,  furnamed 
BckKhan.  Jani  Bek  Kh&n,  fon  of  Barak  Khdn^  who  left  nine  fons:  lraji\ 

Mohammed  \  Kajtm,  who  gave  battle  to  Mohammed  Khin  Shey* 
baniy  in  which  the  latter  loft  his  life  ;  Aytik  ;  Janijb  ;  Kam- 
her ;  Tamijb ;  Aivjfak  ;  and  Jayik.  The  Uzieks  affirm,  that 
the  khans  of  TurkeJicLn  are  defcended  from  Janijh  Soltdriy  fifth 
fon  of  Jani  Bek  Khdn. 

16.  Ghia-  After  the  death  of  Jani  Bek,  Chiazo'dcSn,  fon  of  TmUtr- 
Xhl^^"^  /^/&,  fon  of  Mahmat  Khdn,  pofFefTed  himfelf  of  the  throne  of 
J^ikan.       Kipjdk,  and  was  fucceeded  by  his  fon  Haji  Garay  ".     De  la 

Croix;  inftead  of  multiplying  the  number  of  khdns  from  Ba* 
rah,  or  Barrak,  inferts  only  two  in  his  lift  ;  Kayazo'ddin  Sha£, 
Bek,  and  Mehemed,  fon  of  Timur  Khdn  ^.  It  maty'  be  pre- 
fumed,  xhsLt  Ka^azo^ddtn  is  the  fame  v^iih.  AbAlghdzi  Khan*s 
Chiazo*ddin  (or  Gay^tho'ddin,  Recording  to  the  pronunciation 

•  Abulgh.  ubi  fup.  *  De  la  Croix,  ubi  fop.  p.  389, 

$c  feq.  ^  Abulgh.  vlbi  fnp.  p.  S03.         ^  De  la  Croix, 

.   ubi  fup.  p.  390. 

them ;  'viz.  Kepek  Khart,  Bah-  were  all  khans  in  the  order  men« 

hira,  and  Kuchuk  Mehemed  Khdn.  tioned  hereafter  in  the  text. 

The  other  three  are,  Jalaloddin,  (S)  Or  rather,  perhaps,  Mab^ 

Kerim  Birdi y    and  Kadir  Birdi,  mud. 


who,  according  to  that  author. 


of 

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of  the  Ardis),  notwithftalttdl^  that  H(^eKtf^\$  rq)refentod 
as  the  foa  of  Mehemed,  bythe  authdrs  ftifide  ufe  of  by  !.« 
Croix ;  mho  are  not  to  be^depended  6n  fo  pimh,  as  the  khali 
rf  Karazm,  for  the  genealogy  of  the  princes  of  his  own  na* 
tioQ»  and  the  country  from  whence  the  Uzbeks ^  his  fnbjeCl^ 
or^natty  ca&nc. 

HA  J I  Garay  («)  ffihyiray,  or  Keray)  KMn,  ^ho  fticceeded  17.  Haji 
his  father  Gbiazo'Mn,  left  dght  ions :  I>awUaT<ir ;  Mr  Davi-  Garay 
ktKbJh;  HaydarJChdn^    Knthk  Saman,  Kildifik;  Mm^T^^^^ 
Garay  idmn ;  Tarn  Gurji;   and  AvAs  Tkldr*    Thde  ib^ 
after  thor  Other's  death,  divided  his  domidioiia^uaobg  ^hemi; 
bat  thdr  defcendants  did  not  long  enjoy  their  rdpefttre  pof- 
ftflioos :  for  the  Urits  (or  Ruffians)  feized  the  -whole  couotrjr 
of  Kipjik  in  the  year  961  <rf  the  H^rah  \oi  Ohri/l  1553)$ 
tfid,  fincetiiat  dme,  we  hear  no  more  mentibn  of  the  pofle- 
lYty  of  Hcgi  Garay  Kh&n.   Att  we  know  for  tert^nis,  that  the 
Udns  of  Krtm  are  fprung  from  one  of  his  fons  :  biu>  as  .that 
country  is  at  too  gir^t  a*dlfbqoe  fron^  vl%  yrt  cannot  fay  which 
ofthejnitis*. 

This  fe  ^  die  account  Arm  by  Abpl^&u  Kh&n  (rf  the 
1d4ns  who  have  reigned  in  Kfyak  j  to  whkh  fomething,  by-. 
way  of  fujpply,  may  -be  it^atd  from  La  Croix,   relating  to     -   -   ^ 
H(gi  Keray  Kh&n,  and  his  fucccflbrsin  Ktim'^'Tartary.    A^- 
confing  to  this  autjior,  Haji  Keray  Kh&n  Aied  in  147  5,  and 
left  nyelve  fons ;  which  gr^t  number  of  princes  was  tnecaule 
that  the  empire  of  Ki^jl&k  fdl  into  confufipn,  fo  tl^t  three  of 
them  Were  fceh  to  reign  as  khans  at  the  fame  time.    This  oe- 
cafioned  a  war  w!;dch  rliined  fcveral  provinces,  whereof  the 
Ruffians  got-pofleffion :  in  fliort,  the  great  empire  oi  Kifjik 
had  been.utjter.ly/ivned,  if  Soft  An  Mohammed  II,  whofubdutfcl 
^oriftantinopie,  touched  with  the  misfortunes  of  tkcrfe  princes^        '    : 
had  not  taken  care  to  fuccoti^  them.  For  tfiis  purpdfe,  he  lent 
Chec^k  Ahmed  Pajha,  who  toe*  the^dty  itf  Kc^a<^  from       ^  ^* 
the  Geno.efes,  and  then  that  of  ManMp.  '  / 

HEREliefOTndiWs«g^«fi  brMenkeli  Ker^]  <bn  t/£  Hi^i  Keray  Kbdns  ^ 
A*4(z,  who  loflWslibeitywiththerefl  of  the  inhabitants.  He  had  Krim, 
"beenkfasln  of  Kij^aft  for  fomc few  days ;  but,  having  been  van-      -    ^ 
quiihed  by  his  brothers,  fled  for  refuge  to  the  Chriftians,  smd 

*  Abvlgh.  oKi  fc^p.  p.  203,  &  feq.  ^ 

{*}  7^f3^e  this  name,  (ee  from  tl^em,  and  ^ftabliihed  there 

iVTofv.  Mem*  4es  Mif,  I^vftnt,  the  (eat  pf  the^  ^cctmmerce  |n 

torn.  i.  p.  13^.  the  eafi  j  but  '\t  waj  t^ken  from 

(T)  This  city  fell  early  into  them  In   I474,.aft^r  they  h^d     • 

the  hands  of  the  Tatars:   but  been  in  pouefllon  of  it  abolit 

they  did^not  keep  it  long;  for^  jsoS^yeiu-s.  * 
about  1 266,  the  Genoefes  took  it  .    ,  ^ 

*foD.  IJisT.  Vol.  Y*  H  waited 

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M4  —J^figiUt^.^kk^Sme/pfs'         B.  III. 

iwaited  an-o^portmiity  to  remount  the  throne;  on* which  Afcr 
iantmed  fooa  after  replaced  him  L     According  to ,  the  Turks^ 
Hej.  S76,JCyffa  (or  .A5i^),.with  the  reft  pf  Krim,  was  tak^  ii>  876 
A.  D.    oi  tht  Hefrdhy   which  atifweis  w  that  di:Ghryi^  .147V*     jtf 
*47*«    /b,  the  deatl^  .0f'  Haji  Iferay^M^,)!^^  been  fqur  or  fivf  yc^ 
earlier,    at  leaft,    than  La  Croix    puts  it;    especially Jf,    ^ 
.  ..^I  .- :  ithey  feyi  Mtngicti  Keniy  ha4  k^  a'  long  tip^e^iij  J^at  with 
V'-::  •  his'bnilier,  JbSfwe  he  took  4'Qtu^  with  die  Cena^es*    They 
-nrrji  vadd. farther,  tha^  the  jfol^  wt  only  appointed  this. prince 
(khan; of: the  Ki^imi  oa  cert^n  confiderations,  .but  alfo  fcnt 
hhu  with  an  army  of  Othmdj7s\atoJCaJH:lHik  {otJKipj^^^  which 
Jie  fopn  ireooyered  by  their  afliftance,  after  defeating -^and  kill* 
ing  his  brother,'.  This  was  the^^^ft  khan  of  Tartary  ap- 
j)ointed  t>y!the  Tmt^x;  and-^th^,fifj0;  who,  in  the  Jf^im,  ott 
dered  the  Kh^tidt.k^  t^e  nang^j^^  of  ^q,  Qtlm^n  emperx^f;,  to  ^ 
:.ufed  in  th^  prayg:^^.    They  a(5jme  the  title  of.  Pa^fh^^  or 
.-emperor*  '...)'  >  .  ..  :  1..      1  *.  \    . 

'^KbdttSdfKrlm'Vzxzrj. 

iS.Meng- J'!  JLfENGHELIKeray  {cxQhyemy)  AT^iw fucce^jded  hisfa- 
hcliXeray^.:  -^^  ther,     La  Cr^ix  reckons  him  the  forty-fecond  khan  of 
Khan.      ,Ktpjcik  :  but  he  was  no  more  than  the  eighteenth,  according 
-la  JbfUgMzi  KhAn;  v^ofe  numbering  thus  far,  being  more 
fei^gft^  w^  ft^ll  fc^Jow  in  the  margin,  to  carry  on  the  fiicceflioa 
:of  the  khans  oi^iSpjdk  :■  and  at  the  fame  time  begin  a  new  rec- 
koning with  this  prince,  at  the  head  of  the  axdcle,  and  conti- 
-laue  it  thro'  the  fubfequent  reigns^  .to  fhew  their  number,  as 
,  khans  of  Kr  im^^nd  Little  Tartary  .only;  of  whom  La  Croix 
;b,as  fiirnifbed  a.pretty  accurate  liil,  with  the  dates  of  their  re* 
ffpeftlve  de^thjj  or  advancenjient.. 
i9.Mehc-:    2.  M^HE]}i£D  K^eray  Kh^  -fucceeded  his  father  Meng- 
jned  Ke-^h^li  Keray  KhAn^'m  thp  don>kiioa,Qf  Kipjdk^  as  well  as  that 
ray  Khan,  ^f  tl^  Krtm.  \  Apd  here  it  may  h^  proper  to  obferve,  that  all 
the  knans,  who  fucceeded  Menghli  K^ray,  took  or  retainol 
\  '  "  .A  ;the  name  of  JC^roy,  €erc^  ov,  player  ay  ^  as  the  Turks  and 

.  ...-    f^^ji'fjrj  pronounce  it.    ^ :  •.. 

.20.  Ghi      2,;.  MEHEMED  was  fucxceded  by  his  (on  GiTu  Keray 

KcTzy     I  Khdii^  who  was  depofed,  after  a  ^elgn  of  fix  months. 

Khin.  4.  SJADEX'JCerd;^  KhSri^  .who  gave  his  brother  Sahhib 

zi .Saadet  j^^^^y  ^^^  j^  hoftage  to  ^Soltdh  Selim  I.  ^eniperor  of  the  Oth- 

S^f  A^^     '  indns.     From  this  time  the  T^rks  gave  one  thonfaiid  and  fifty 

afpers  pey-  day 'as  a  penfion4a  the  khans  of  Krfm  Tartary, 

^  and  other  penflbn^  to  the  lords  of  .the  Tatar  court,  as  appears 

!  from, the  book  Kimhd*l  J^khbar^ 

r  La  Croix,  ubifup.  p.  J90.    ^  *  Caktemir,  Lift. 

Cthm.  p.  112,  &  feq. 


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C.  I .  In ;  Krlm  Tatary  only.  i.is 

J.  ISLAM  Ktray  KHn^.k^  of  Mehemed  Keray.    In  his  22/  Main 
rdgn  the  kbgdom  was  divided  between  two  faft ions  ;  onead-JK«ray 
hered  to  Saadet  Keray. Khhi^  the  other  to  IJlam  Keray  Khan.  Kiiin. 
At  length,  v^.  ijfy,  the  two  parties  came  to  blows  on  the 
baDk$  of  ^Nttpar^  sx.Bortfihmes  ;  and,  thofe  on  Ip.am  Ke^* 
ray's,  fide  gmt^  the  advaotage^  Saadet  Keray ^vfSLS  obliged  to     ' 
fly  to  Con/iantinopU,  where  the  Othm^n  emperor  gave  him  a 
penfion  to  fi\bfiil.pn.  .  After  tl^s,  IJUim  was  killed  by, 

6.  SAHHIB  Keray  Khdn,  wbofeized  the  throne;;  but  was  2^.  Sah- 
hhnfelf,  after  h^kig  reigned  a.toog  time,  depbfcd  .by  So/ey-  l^ib Keray* 
Tii^U.  Mm  cfrithe  Turks.     Tbs  Rufians,  who  had  been  ^^^^-    ' 
vaflals  to  the  Tatars  till  the  reign  oi  Czar  or  Tfar  Ivan  Ba^ 
fiHwitZf^  took  th^.^ty  of  Kazdn,  or  Ka/dn,  fituate  on  the  river 
Ka/iinkd,  a  little  to  th^  eaft  of  the  fVolga,  from  this  klian,  on 

the  ninth  of  July  1 552  * ;  and,  in  i  year  or  two  more,  con- 
qnered  the  Idngdom  pf  y^n^^o,  to  the  fouth  of  that  of 
Kaz4nt  with  thcreft  of  Ki^di  tp  the  weft  of  the  river-7a/>f  .• 
fo  that  Sahhih  keray  Kkin  n^ay  .}>raperly  be  faid  to  be  the  laft 
khan  of  the  race  of  Juji  Khdn.  who  reigned  in  Kipjdk ;  except- 
ing that  part  called  Little  Tartary^  which  became  a  part  ra- 
tiier  by  conqueft  than  original,  occupation.  After  the  fubjuga- 
tiqn  of  this  large  couQtry,  the  feyeral  tribes  of  KIpjdkj  and  '  ^ 
Tatars  fubmitted  to  the  Ruffians ^  aod  ftill  remain  in  their  an* 
tient  territwes.  ^    .  i  -         . . 

7.  SAHHIB  JKeray  was  Succeeded  by  I>det  (or  Dawlat)  2^  Dokt 
Keray  Khdny  fdn  of  Mobarek,  fon  of  Mengheli  Keray  Khdn^  Keray 
and  died  in  1577.  f    ,  Kh^n: 

8.  D 0 LET  Keray, h^ii  fpr  his  {ncctSbr  Mehfmed  A^nzy  25.Meh.c- 
Khdn,   who  was  depofed  for.  having  difobeyed  the  Othmdn  ^^^  ^c- 
foltan.  .<     .  ray  Khan, 

9.  ISLAM  Keray  Kkin{}J)^  who  had  becaimprifoned  at  26.Sakhib 
JWoty,  was  i-f^ftpred:  he  died  in  15884  refiorei. 

10.  GAZI  K^ray  Khhn  fucceeded :  he  was  a  learned  prince,  27.  Gazi 
an  excellent  po^t,.  and  able  injufician.     The  Q.thmtn  fdtan  in-  Kerly 
CTeafed  his  penfion  to  gbout  five'} pounds -Ewg'/j/S  per  day ;  be*^*^**^ 
canfe  he  had  done  great  ferviqes  to  the  Turkijb  empire,  in  the 

War  with  Perfia^  where  he  difccw^ered  all  the  qualifications  re- 
quiiite  in  agrea^ officer:  yet  ,be .^vas  depofe^  for'  fpme  time^ 
but  was  afterward^  reftored  ;  and  died  ini  1 607.       .    \ 

1 1.  FAT  EH  Keray  Khlh^  W-ho  was  depofcd.almoft  as  foon  28.  Fateh 
as  he  was  advanced  to  that  dignity. .  1    .         v  Karay 

* '  •'  ^         Khan, 

*Xa  Croix,  ubifup./p.  391. 

(D)  This  muft  be  a  miftake     prifotied  at  Rhodes :  IJlam  Kiray 
^  Sahbib  Keray ^  Who  was  im-     was  killed,        ,\- 

fi  3i         '  '  U.  He 


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I 


yr6  JeagMz  KtAxfs  SucttJfA^  B.  IIP 

29,  Sela^     r2.  He  was  futceeded  by  Sdhiet  K^ay  KkAh  (foQ  ciDdet 
nietK«-    Z&rtty  A*^if),  who  died  in  1616. 

rayKWttu      13.  J^^^/  »ek  K^ay  Kh^  Succeeded  Sdhrm  Ksi^ay-,  tod, 
30-  J*»i    in  1 61 7,  marched  into  Ptrfia  i>y  wd^  6f  tft^  Part.    «€  like*-; 
^*  KhI'  ^^  ^^^  '^  befiege  JCtf/it,  at  the  heitd  of  40/500  Tiftrr/  *' 
ray  Julian,  jjgygrthelefs,  he  was  depofed  in  i6ai  j  but  re-iftabllftied  Cst 
years  after,  in  1627.  ' 

3i.Mehc.  14.  JA'Nl  £^i  had  ft*  his  fiflcctfibir  MA^it  Ktlrdy  KhAtty. 
xnckKtP   who  tfai  killed  the  iame year. 

»yrKhan.      ,  5.  AN  J  YET  K^ay  KMk,  (6tt  dGiti  m^ity  Kh£n,  6^^ 
32.  Ana-  pojjj  ju  i6j7  .  an^l  aft^niqaurds  p«it  to  dw*h  the  feme  year  at 
^t  Keray  Qmfianiimfle  *.     Accordit%  «>  other  account^,  h6  was  inikcd* 
*^^^*       flain  this  year  by  a  nephew  of  his  eoinpetitiri-  l^'nteih^ ;  whkh 
latter  was  put  to  death  at  G^njidntmofk^  fbl-  Idtiihg  a  Tatar. 
As  ^«4k^  had  fliaken  off  much  of  his  triJ)eA  for  Ae  Othm^ 
emperor,  hi&mutder^vas  appbudedat  the  Pm  i  who  ^  tip^ 
his  brother,  then  ^tfaifiiAMXviRim^oi  fh^^eM^^  rbOm*. 
3.  Be-         j6.  BEHADk  Ket^y  KMn,  (on  of  5rf^»w#  *i*rwy 'A?W^ 
adr  Ke-  fucceeded  yInJfyet,  and  died  in  1641  <>;    Tli^  MiaSi  is  <aU^ 
ray  Khan.  jj^iyJiV  (J^i^rtfy  by  others. 

34.Mehe-  17.  ME  HE  MED  tCeray  KMn,  aftolhei^  fdft  ftf  &tef»i* 
med  Ke-  Keray.  He  was  depofed  in  kd44,  and  reftor^ :  %a  1^^  he 
ray  Khan,  was  depofcd  a  fecond  arte.    , 

15.  Iflam  18.  ISLAM  Keray  Khin,  a  fon  alfo  of  St^MA  Ktr^f^ 
^ay      Hb  carried  on  a  war  with  PtAnn^  fi*  foWteen  yfea^>  and  died 

f6.  Adel        19/ A  DEL   Keray  Kh&n,   fon  dF  Chublth  KS^y  khin, 
:cta)r.      He  wis  dcpofed  in  Sr6yi  ^  and  fent  bilck  |^oier  to  Mhodei^ 
Khiti.       fitim  whence  he  hiidi  bee^i  ijalwii, 

37;Siajih      20.  SELIM  Keray  Kh&n,  who  reigned  in  1673.    Wfe-iW 

Keray       infdhnttd  by  )>itece  KdlntdtUrf  thkt  ^Ae  7%^/^  Sk&ol^g  Ihe 

Khio.       fidelity  of  Seltm,  after  the  battle  of  ViSm^,  aS^^flted  Kkf^ 

^  Qyeray,  of  the  6*4^6ft  (Ty^^tj;  femJly,  t6  th6  ^hity  lof  kfiin ; 

but  that  in  a  few  months  he  was  de{x)fi^,  and  \9ie  ^nf^ht 

racfe  of  Gytray  replaced  on  the  throne*    Tfe^  ¥<n3ior  adds/ 

that  it  is  tiiought  the  €htihdn  Cyeray  will  na^  %4e  to  the 

feme  honour  affain,  altho'  they  may  eftjdy  the  offibe  of  g^^ 

i^ltan,  nuro'dmn,  and  the  like,  which  are  m  ^  pow^'  of 

their  relations  %     But,  if  the  memoirs  of  La  Croix  be  troef 

cue  of  the  family  of  thdX^kdtdn  Gyeray  (X)  Ilthinif,  wets  on  the 

(X)  Cbuban,  or  CMan.Gy/^  ^AJtafic  fide,  OVeKag^i^ft  thi 
ra9y  fignifies  Gyeray  thejhefher^.  Krim^  between  it  and  Cbirkaf- 
Tnc  CbUban  Tatars  Kve  on  the    Jrd. 

^  La  Croix,  ubi  fup.  p.  301,  ic  fcq.  ^  See  Jierea6er» 

tke  hfftory  of  the  Odiman  Turks.  ^  La  Cro^x,   ubi  fop^ 

p.  392.  •  CANtEM.  WftOthm,  not.  p*  nj. 

^  V  throne 

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tbmie  of  Krim  TarU^y  brfbfe,  in  the  peripn  of  AddKn^ 
Kbin.  The  re^qp  ajfi^gnod  for  the  fuppofitio^,  <hat  oone  ^ 
the  CMM  Gyer^  BunUy  wiU  be  adyimcted  fqr  the  future,  i?» 
that  th^  are  of  a  fpurknis  nu^ :  ^vfaic|;i  reflc^flioQ  they  roioiti  m, 
A&r  tjm^cnAeGy^ri^s  o(  Krtm.  ifowevertlMy«^idkxw«cl,^ 
by  the  0/ibnJit  emperors,  toiivcat  J(MMi'(^r$9erly  7^zih^% 
befoce^meotionedt  which  is  the  doitin^  ieat  q[  the  T^tMr 
priooes  ^    He  was  6iw>as  ia  the  We  war ;  f^r,  in  oue  cam? 

bcm  twice  khao,  he  abdicated,  on  his  return  finom  Meiim  } 
but  fadng  made  khan  the  third  tiode  by  the  Part^  in  place  ot 
his  hn,  the  laMr  revested ;  yet  wa$  reduc^  by  his  brother 
kixisL  Cm  Keray,  in  1702,  when  the  khan  wa$  about  fyjctf. 
Hewasvery  haodfome  and  weU^-nade^ :  w#s  f^oc^eded  by  fohfo 
Cazif  named 

zi.  DVlETKenyKh^,  ktkdiS^llmKeri^Kkin.    Thisdl.Dola 
prinee  was  muoh  beloved  by  his^ubjeft^  and  accounted  a  gceat  Kera^ 
foldier :  but  lie  was  depci^  by  the  P(^t^  and  feat  £i£  to  Kh&n. 
iUKckSs  and  then  to  I^. 

22.  KAPLAN  Keray  KMn.    Iliis  prince  banog  been  de^  39.  Kap« 
iJDatdl  in  Clirkafia^  by  fome  rebds,  whom  he  went  to  reduce,  Ian  Keray 
the  foltin  depofed  him,  in  1708 ;  and  re-eftabUihed  in  to  ^^n. 
room  Dokt  Ktrity  KMn  S  w^o  had  been  depofed  before  himi 

and  is,  according  to  La  Croix,  the  iixty-fourth  kh&n  of  Ki^^. 

23.  i>i?££7'A^4yiCM», whobeganhisfecondre^in  170I.  40.  Defcc 

Keray 

BOOK     IV. 

216^  Hifiory  of  the  princes  of  the  race  ^  Jenghiz 
Khao,  who  have  reigned  in  the  Great  ii«i/ Little 
fiukfa^ia^  with  part  of  K^mm. 

C  H  A  P.    I. 

JdefcriptionofGredtBukl^iz. 

TyUKHJRIJ,  BokhAria,   Boidria,   Bogiria,  or  ^^*4rif,  Bukhiri* 
#J  as  it  may  be  varionfly  pronounced,  is  the  name  ^ven  zt  in  gmn-al^ 

prefent  to  all  that  regiod  or  traft  of  land  lying  between 
Karazm  and  the  great  kobi  or  fandy  defart,  bordering  on 
Cbina.    It  fignifies  the  country  of  the  BukhSh  .•  Buki^^-,  as 

*  Cahtem.  hi^.  Othm.  note,  p.  irj.         *  Npuv.  Mem.  des 
JAiff,  I^evant,  vol.  i.  p.  102,  Sc  fe^q.  130,  &feqq.   '  s  JLa 

C$ojx,ubifaf»,f.>93.        . 

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lis  Jtn^izKhiti'l^ucciffoPs.  B.IV. 

JU*lghku  KMn  informs  us,  being  tl  Mungl  word,  importing; 
a  learned  man ;  becaufe  all  thofe  (formerly)  who  had  a  mind 
tobeinftrufted  in  the?  languages  and  fdences,  went,  for  that 
purpofc,  into  Bvkhdria  ^.  Ifcnce  it  appears,  that  this  name 
was  impofed  originally  by  the  Mimgls^  who  <x>nquered  diis 
country  in  the  time  d£  Jenghiz  Khin,  This  vaft  region  is  di- 
idded  into  two  p^rts,  the  Gredi  aad  the  Little  BuihAria.  It 
feems  fomewhat  ftrange>  that  the  above-mendoned-  authorj^ 
Who  fpeaks  frequently  of  the.  fbrmei*,  fhould  never  once  men- 
tion the  latter :  which  name,  perhaps,  may  not  be  lb  much  in 
vie  with  the  Uzbeks^  or  may  hate  come  in  ufe  only*  iince  the 
Ef'4ths  or  Kalmyks  conquered  the* countries  comprb:ed  under 
that  denomination,  in  the  laft  century.  Both  names  are  in  ufe 
with  the  Ruffians^  and  it  is  from  them  that  they  came  taothec 
/  Europeans. 

Itsfimer^d     Xhe  country  dt  Great  Bukh&ria  is  nearly  the  fame  with 
names.        ^^^  called  by  the  /^rahs  Mawara'lnahr ;  which  fignifies,  v)hai 
lies  beyond  the  river,  meaning  the  JiMn,  or  Jmd,  the  Oxus 
of  the  antient  Greeks,  and  is  little  other  than  a  tranflation  of 
'    Tranfoxana,    the  name  given  formerly  to  thofe  provinces. 
Under  this  denomination  was  comprised  all  the  extent  of 
country  poflefTed  by  thofe  powers,  the  Greeks  and  Arabs,  be- 
yond the  above-mentioned  river ;  which  country^  kt  different 
Mawa-      times,    had  different  dimenftons.     Indeed,  for  the  general, 
ra'lnahr.    Mawara'lnahr  fignified  all  the  fpace  or  lands  intercepted  be- 
tween the  JihAn  and  the  Sih^n,  now  called  Str,  which  fepa- 
tated  them  from  the  territories  of  the  Turks,  who,  durii:%  the 
dominion  of  tht  Arabs  in  thofe  parts,  fpread  themfelves  very 
far  over  Great  Tartary.    However,  although  Abulghdzi  Khdn^ 
in  fome  places,  feems  to  ufe  the  words  Great  BukhAria,  and 
Mawara'lnahr,    to  denote  the  fame  country;  yet,   in  other 
places,  the  firfl  name  feems  to  be  more  limited,  and  even  re- 
ftrained,  to  the  territories  of  the  khan  of  Bukhdra,  or  Bohr 
hAra,  one  of  the  three  provinces  into  which  Great  Bukh&ria  is 
at  prefent  divided. 
TurAn.      •    GREAT  Bukharia  is  alfo  comprifed  under  the  name  of 
Tur&n,  or  the  country  of  the  Turks :  which  is  likewife  given, 
by  the  Arabs  and  Perftans,  to  the  country  fituated  to  the  north 
of  the  river  AmA,  in  oppofition  to  IrAn,  or  Perjia  at  large, 
lying  to  the  fouth  of  that  river  5  and  includes  a  confiderable 
part  of  what  fell  to  the  fhare  of  Jagatay  KhAn^  fecond  fon  of 
Jenghiz  Khan,  from  whofe  defcendants,  the  Uzbeks,  of  the 
race  of  Juji,  or  TAJhi  KbAn,  conquered  it.     But  he^e  it  may 
be  requifite  to  obfervCi    that  Abu'lghAzi  KhAn  employs  th^ 

»  Abu'loh.  hiil.  Turks,  &c.  p.  lo?, 

woardl 

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C.  I  •  *        ■.  DBfcriptim  ^  Great  Bukhfiria.'     .  119 

wwrd  7^iB^it\tk  a  difFcrenrfcnfe,  namely,  :toj}cnotc  the  rcf^ons 
lying  between  the  river  «Slr  and  the  icy  fca,  or  perhaps  more 
particaferly  Siberia ;  except  die  word  Tzirdu  has/  through  fome 
miftakei  been  infertcd  inAead  of  T6ra,  as  the  EngU/b  traaflator 
of  that  author  is  inclined  to  think  ^. 

After  the  conqueft  of  this  country  by  the  MungUy  and  Jagatay 
gt^t  thiK-eof  to  Jagatay  KhAur  it  took  the  name  oljagatuy^  Uzbek. 
or  Zagatay,  fis  opr  geographers  write  it ;  ^vcn  to  it  by  the 
PerfiafLSy  or  perhaps  the  Mungh  themfelves,  in  honour  of  the 
new  proprietor.  This  name  continued  fo  long  as  the  khins 
defcended  from  him  reigned  in  thofe  parts.  Upon  their  ex- 
pulfion  by  the  UfTheksy  the  Perjians  gave  it  the  name  of  the 
country  of  Uzbek  *=,  as  before  they  had  done  to  that  part  6f 
Tartary  beyond  the  Sir^  which  they  then  inhabited :  but  it 
does  not  appear  that  the  UTieks  themfelves  called  either 
country  after  their  own  name ;  at  leaft,  AhiiHghazi  Khhn  never 
does.  However  that  be,  they  have  been  communicated,  by 
their  neighbours,  to  the  Eurdpeans ;  whofe  geographers,  for 
the  general,  ffill  ufe  them,  and  even  thofe  which  have  been 
long  iince  out  of  ufd  among  the  Aftatics. 

.  GREAT. Bukhdria  (which  feems  to  comprehend  the  Sog^  Shuation 
£atta  and  Baktriana  of  the  antient  Greeks  and  Romans,  with  «»^  ex* 
their  dependencies),  is  fituatfed  between  the  J4th  and  46th  de-  ^^'' 
"grees  of  latitude,  and  between  tiie  76th  and  92d  degrees  of 
longitude.    It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  river  Str^  which 
feparates  it  from  the  dominions  of  the  Elttths,  or  Kahnuks ; 
the  kingdom  of  K^Jbgar,  ih  Little  Bukhdriay  on  the   eaft ; 
by  the  dominions  of  the  Great  Moguls  and  Perfia^  on  the 
fouth ;  and  by  the  .country  of  Karazm  ofll  the  weft  :    being 
about  yyo  miles  long,  from  weft  to  eaft ;  and  730  miles  broadj . 
from  fouth  to  north. 

According  to  Bentinky  nature  has  denied  nothing  to  this  SoilanJ 
fine  country,  to  render  living  in  it  agreeable :   the  mountains  produce. 
abound  with  the  richeft  mines  5  the  valleys  arc  of  an  aftonifti- 
ing  fertility  in  all  forts  of  fruits  aiid  pulfe ;  the  fields  are  co- 
vered with  grafs  the  height  of  a  man ;  the  rivers  fwarm  with 
excellent  fifti ;  and  wood,  which  is  fcarce  all  over  Grand  Tar^ 
tary,  is  found  here  in  great  plenty :    in  fhort,  it  is  the  beft 
cultivated,  and  beft  inhabited,  of  all  the  northern  Afia,     But 
all  thefe  bleflings  are  of  very  little  ufe  to  the  Tatar  inhabitant?, 
who  are  naturdly  fo  lazy,  that  they  would  rather  go  rob  and 
kill.thtir  neighbours,  than  apply  themfelves  to  improve^  the  be-  . 
nefits  which  ijature  fo  liberally  offers  them  **.        '  • 

^  Abu'lgh.  hift.  Turl^s,  &c.  p.4i;2i  &feq.  '     •  Tiixnaa, 
hift.  Perf.  p.  319,        ^  AbuYgh,  ubi  fopra,  p.  409. 

H  4        ^         GREAT 


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Google 


I 


Divtfion       GREAT  BmkhSria  ii  divided  oito  thre^  bcg&  ^tr^ieeti 

into  fro-    mmdj,  Proper  Bukhiria^  Samdrhant,  and  BAlkf  taiA  ^\riiHJt 

miaces,      f^^  commoiAy.  its  pardcular  khUa :  altho'  tomtdn^  <m^  hf 

oonqneft,  i^  mafter  of  two  proviaces,  as  happcined  to  be  tlie 

cafe  about  thirty  years  ago,  "Mysa  the  kfain  of  Prap^  SukMaria 

was  in  pofRX&otiiaifd df  Samarkaht ;  aikd  this  omy  fHU  be  the 

^caf<^  forahytbiiigwekiiow,  ktthisdtfiioce^  to.  tteoootrarfi 

t.  Prdvincc  d/TvoperBvkhiniu 
Proper  ^    »Tp  H  E  orpvioce  of  Proper  BukhAria,  ox  BokBdria,  is  the  mol^ 
Bukbaria.  X   weftera  of  the  three ;  having  on  the  weft,  Karaztn ;  on  the 
i^orth,  a  clefart  called  by  the  Jrabs  Gazjiah ;  on  the  ^ft,  the 
promce  of  Samarkant ;  and  on  the  fouth,  the  river  Ami.    It 
l»ay  be  about  390  miles  long,  and  320  Broad.     Jibi'lghiai 
Khan,  in  the  hiuory  of  his  own  wars,  mentfons  feveral  pro- 
vinces and  towns  belonging  to  Proper  Bukhiria  (fome  of  whic6 
the  French  editor  giyes  an  account  of),  as  the  provinces  of  2}«- 
ragdnata  zadGordiJb^  large  provinces  towards  iTortfaiiff/Atf. 
jin  and  Karmina,  towards  the  middle  of  the  country.    The 
towns  are  chiefly  Bokhara,  Zam,  Wardanji,  KdraknJ,  Siufffbala^ 
^  Kai^i  Zarjid,  N^rfemt  and  Kcaviina. 

Bokhara        The  city  of  Bokhara,  ox  Bogbdr,  as  our  Jehkinfon  calls,  it 
^*(y»  is,  according  to  that  author,  fituated  in  the  loweu  part  of  afi 

the  country ;  and,  by  his  own  bbfervation,  in  39  degrees  10  mi» 
nutes  of  latitude ;  twenty  days  journey  from  Urienj,  the  a^ 
fitaX  oi  KaraTun.  It  was,  in  1559,  of  great  extent,  and  for** 
tified  with  a  high  wall  of  earth ;  was  divided  into  three  parts, 
whereof  the  caftle  of  the  khan,  who  i^cfides  here,  made  ohej 
the  murfas,  officers  of  the  court,  and  tl^ofe  belonging  to  tfe 
khan's  retinue,  took  up  thefecond  part;  the  third,  which  was 
the  biggeft,  being  poflefted  by  the  burghers,  merchants,  and 
other  linhabitants.  In  this  laft  diyifion,  every  trade  or  pro- 
feffion  has  it§  particular  quarter.  The  houfes  are  generalty 
only  of  earth ;  bi^t  the  temples,  and  many  other  ftruftures,  as 
well  public  as  private,  are  of  ftone,  fumptuoufly  built,  an^ 
gilded;  efpecially  the  batlis,  which  are  fo  artfully  contrived, 
that  the  like  is  not  to  be  feen  any-where  elfe»  . 
Wafer  un-  A  LITTLE  river  runs  through  the  city,  whofe  water  is  very 
Hvboi/cme.  bad,  breeding  in  the  legs  of  fucK  as  drink  it,  worms  an  ell  long, 
^between  the  defh  and  tne  &ia\  which  working  out  about  an 
.inch  every  day,  are  rolled  up,  and  thus  extrafted ;  but  if  they 
•break  tin  the  (;^>eration,  the  patient  dies.  For  all  this  incoA- 
vcnience,  it  "is  there  forbidden  to  drink  any  other  IJquor  than 
water  and  mares  milk*;  fuch  as  break  tTiat  law  being  whipped 
^through  the  markets.  There  are  officers  appointed  to  fearch 
^  Jioufe9focaqwa.vitae,  wiae,  O/brag  (orbraiga) ;  and  in  cafe 
**iy  b^fcund,  tKey  bieofc  the  veflels,  fpiU  tb^  i&iok,  and  pu-. 

n        T        ^ 

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9i(htiM0WB6is:  aay,  ofi^  if  a  maa'i  hmth  fiiitllft  offtftm 
fiqnor,  be  inairs  a  haajHeme  baftopitdo,  Thb  gfretc  AriAaeft 
i$€fviriag  to  the  metropolitaa7<»' ^^^ ^^  ^  1^^)  ^  BMiri^ 
yrbo  is  mcn^  obeyed  than  the  luit^  lumfelf :  he  even  dbpofiis 
iuaatpleafure;  as  he  fenred  IxHh  the  kifig  ^he  feigiied  vhcd 
opranth^  was  th^e»  aad.his  predeecflbr^  H^fiOg  him  iorUs 
chamber  m  the  n^ht. 

The  king  (or  khin)  has  nether  gte^  pfffKF  oof  weahlii 
As  Us  revenues  are  b^  fintU,  be  i$  ittaiatalned  <katAj  by  the  : 
dty:  for  he  takes  the  tythe  of  all  thif^  fold  there*  tbdiegnit         .     . 
uapoirerifliment  of  the  ))eo|>le;  and  when  he  tants  mebtf  ^ 
pay  his  debts»  fends  hi^  officet^  to  feize  gQod»  fitttn  the  tusfh 
keeper,  npon  credit,  whether  they  will  or  not.  Thus  lie  nShoi^ 
to  pay  J^kinfon  for  foto^  ffleces  of  k«ffcy.    fiteiPtVer,  that  * 
jnerchaat  was  very  civilly  treated  by  him,  wlto  roigoed  irhm 
hewasthere,  in  the  year  abdve-mentioo6d«   He  often  fiaitfioi, 
and  dMcouried  with,  him,  ^)0fit  the  few^  teligtdb,  and  pdlirer,     . 
of  the  EuropMn  countries.    At  his  r^Qvfcft,  fihewife,  he  leqt 
100 siea  in  purfoit ei robbers  (who hadattndded his IcBrawui), 
aod  recovered  part  of  his  goods. 

As  the  country  <^  BiighAr  was  fortatily  fufcjeft  to  the  Pifr-  Languagt^ 
jianst  the  Perjian  language  is  ftili  fpoken  dilere.  But  ^e  Bofi- 
htriMs  are  coatiniially  at  war  with  thtP^JiOHs  thdr  neigh- 
bours, on  account  of  td^ion,  although  both  nations  are  Mi' 
hmmedani  (but  of  dilferent  fefts)  They  Hibewife  quarrel  with 
jthem,  becaufe  they  do  i)pt  (have  the  upper  lip,  astbey,  andatt 
other  Tatars,  do :  for  this  reafon,  they  call  themJkafrs,  that  is, 
nnbelievers,  as  they  do  Chriftians.  They  have  no  gold  coin  in  rw«» 
Bukiaria ;  and  only  one  piece  of  filver  iA)v  worth  twelve  pence 
Englj/bf  which  the  king  raifes  and  fallsib  frequently,  that  thdr 
oopper  money,  called  PuU,  is  «tto#e  twtff^t^  whetdbf  itJb 
make  the  filver  piece. 

As  to  the  trade  <^  S^ihAraf  Jenhi^fbn  obferves,  that,  la  Ids  ^^j^^  trade* 
time,  there  w^  a  great  refort  of  kartfwaos,  from  India,  Penfui, 
BStkj  Ruffia,  and  other  countries ;  but  be  adds,  that  the  mer* 
chants  are  fo  poor,  and  bring  fo  few  wares,  which  yet  they 
amft  waitvwo;  or  three  years  to  fdl,  that  Ih^e  ane  no  hopes  of 
any  trade  in  this  place  worth  following.  The  Indians  broughe 
nothing  but  white  calicoes ;  and  carried  back  wrought  fifics, 
ttd  IttAdB,  flaves,  hor£ls,  and  iiich4ike :  btit  lv6Md  not  deal 
^irith  our  »ithor  fe^^Woc^n  cloths^  which  they  had  firom  tbfs 
ftrjit^  ^d  the  ^ffians  % 

«  JivKiNsoii's  fofft^  to  Boghar.  in  Purch.  pilgr.  Vol.  ifl. 
>.  %i^  &  ftq. 

(A)  Binfink  hfh  Jbc money  ^  f^Jim^MA {ki^MeshcmM^t 
i/9m!9iS9.  BEN- 

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122  '   -Jei'n^iz  Ithan'j  Succ^Jfors.  B.  Vf\ 

BE NTTNK  o\Amye»  farther,  that  this  dty  is  convemcfttly 
fituated  for  trade  with  the  abovi»^mendoned  countncs ;  and 
that  the  doties  do.not  amount  to  quite  three  per  cent, :  hiit 
that  the  extraordinary  opprcfiions  which  the  foreign  merchants 
have  met  with,  have  reduced  commerce  there  to  a  very  k)M^ 
ebb..  -However,  that  from  hence  the  dominions  of* the  Great. 
Moguly  and  part  of  Perfia^  are  fupplied  ^ith  all  forts  ^  dried 
frtdts,  of  an  exqulfitie  flavour  ^. 
iCarmina  The  fame  author  gives,  an  account  rf  three  or  f<^r  'ihorc'6f 
iUj.  the  cities  belonging  to  Proper  BukMria.   Firft,  Karmma ;  thi^ 

^ace  is  fituated  in  a  provinie^  of  the  feme  name,  towards  the 
borders  of  Karazm,  to  the  north-weft  of  Bokhara ;  and  is  but 
inconftderabk  at  prefent. 
Wardanfi,     f^JR  bj^NS  I  lies  to  the  weft  of  Karmina,  near  the  borders 
of  the  feme  county.    It  is  a  pretty  large  fcambling  town,  in- 
.  habited  by  the  Bukh^s,  who  tr^aiSc  into  Perfia  and  Karazm. 
Kar(hi.     .     KARSHI&znds  to  the  north  of  the  .riVer  ^^wii,  and  is,  at 
prrfent,  one  of  th^  beft  cities  in  Great  Bukh&ria^  being  laf ge; 
populous,  and  better  built,  than  any  other  in  that  country  (B). 
The  neighbouring  lands  are  eKceeding  fertile,  in  all  forts  of 
fruits  and  pulfe ;  and  its  mhabitants  drive  u  great  trade  in  the 
north  parts  of  the /wAV/. 
Zamin,  or     ZAMIN  (C)  is  a  finall  town  on  the  right  (or  nofth-fide)  of 
Zam.        the  Am&^  towards  the  borders  of  Perfia,  remarkable  for  no* 
thing  but  its  paflage  over  that  river ;  which  is  of  great  ad* 
;vantage  to  the  U^^beks  of  Great  BukhAria^  in  their  expeditioni 
onthatfide.^  ^     ^ 

2.  ^e  province  of  S2imzxkzxit.. 

Bounds  'THIS  province,  which  is  q2S\€A MawaraUnAhrhj  Bentinkf 
and  e'x"  li^s  to  the  eaft  of  Proper  Bukh^ria,  and  north  of  B^k.   It» 

tent.  extends  as  far  as  the  the  borders  of  KAfbgdr^  in  Little  Bukhi* 

ria%  being  about  540  miles  long,  froin  weft  to  eaft ;  and  500 

broad,  from  fouth  to  north. 

^  Abu'lgk.  hit  Turks,  p.  465,  &feij.'  «  Ibid.  p.  464, 

&  feq.  ...     •      '         .*'..'■'. 

•     ■-    .  .  ^  -    ■•       .  * '  •  ■ '/     ' 

'  (B)  It  lies  l^etw^en  Bokhara  built,  two  leagues  and  an  half 
znd  Samarkant.  Timur  B/k  (or  dlfkzni;  (or  Karjht 9  in  the  Min«l 
Tamer/an)  ufually  encamped  with  ]anguag(&,  ^gntAcs  a  palace.  XV 
his  army  near  this  city,  which  //i'Cri/>,  hill.  Tim.  Bck.  p.  65. 
(^ds  on  the  river  fian,  Nak-  book  i.,cap«  134 
fieb,  Nefef^  and  Karjhi,  are  the    '    (C)    Called  alfo  Samn^,  or 


fame  place  ;  it  had  this  lad  name    Zam. 
frosi  the    pala^ .  which. /u'/zf . 


THIt 

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C,  I.  *  Ikfiription  of  Gt^at  B'ukham.*  123 

This  country  was  fonnerly  full  of  fiburifhing  dties ;  Imt  Samar- 
moft  of  them  are,  at  pr^nt,  cither  in^cly  ruined^  or  much  kant  dty^ 
Men  to  decay.  The  capital  of  the  province^  and  indeed  of  all 
Creat  Bukhdria,  taken  in  the  largeft  fenfe,  is  Samarkant,  or 
Samarkand  (D)»  Ihuated  on  a  river,  and  in  a  valley,  both  which 
bear  the  name  of  Sogd ;  from  whence  the  Sogdiana  of  the  an- 
tieDts  had  its  denomination.  It  is  feven  days  journey  to  the 
north-eaft  of  Bokh&ria ;  and,  according  to  the  obfervation  o£ 
Vkg  Beg  (grandfon  of  7im&r  Beg^  or  Tamerlan)^  who  reigned 
herein  1447,  lies^  in  39®  37'  23''  of  latitude.  Although  it 
fails  fliort,  at  prefent,  of  being  fo  fplcndid  as  in  times  paft,  yet, 
Bentink  fays,  it  is  IHU  very  large,  and  well  peopled.  It  is  Ibr- 
tified  with  fbong  bulwarks  of  earth;  and  its  buildings  are 
mnch  in  the  fame  condition  with  thofe  of  Bokhara :  fonie  of  the 
private  hou£bs  are  of  ftone,  dug  out  of  quarries  which  are  liear 
the  town  \  AHHfeda  fays,  that  the  ftrects  were  paved  in  his 
dme :  that  it  had  a  wide  ditch  r^und  the  walls :  and  that 
water  was  conveyed  frx>m  the  river,  by  leaden  jnpes,  into  the 
dtyi. 

The  academy. of  fcienccs  ifi  this  dty  is  one  of  the  mofl  jtt  ad- 
eminent  to  be  found  athong  the  Mohammedans^  who  x^oxt  tjantagit^ 
thither  to  fhidy,  from  all  the  neighbouring  countries.  The 
/ilk-paper  made  here  is  faid  to  be  the  moft  beautiful  in  all 
Afta^  and  therefore  in  great  requeft  throughout  the  eaft.  The 
kSi  produces  pears,  apples,  raifins,  and  melons,  of  an  exqui- 
fitc  tafte ;  and  in  fuch  plenty,  that  the  empire  of  the  Great 
Moguls  and  part  of  Perfia^  are  fupplied  with  them.  The  little 
river  (that  is,  the  Sogd)^  which  pafles  by  the  town,  would  be 
of  great  ufe  to  the  place,  by  opening  a  communication  with 
the  ndghbburing  dominions,  if  the  inhabitants  had  but  the 
tndQifa7  to  make  it  navigable. 

The  other  remarkable  cities  in  this  province  were,  Otrir^  ©/^^ 
Zarmik,  Tajhkunt^  Kcjand,   Kajb,   Saghanian,  JVaftjerd^^nA  dties. 
Termed:  but  of  thefe  we  meet  with  fcarce  any  account  in  mo- 
dem travellers.    Otr&r^  called  by  the  Arabs  Far&b^  is  the  mofl:  Otrar. 
difhnt  city  from  the  capital,  and  lies  almofl  due  north.     It 
ftands  in  the  moft  north-weft  part  of  the  province,  on  Jt  fmall 
river,  which,  two  leagues  thence,  falls  fouthward  into  the 
Str^    This  place  is  fatoous  for  the  death  of  Tim&r  Beg^  in 

.    *  Abu*lgh.  hift.  Turks,  p.  462.  *  Abu'lp.  defer,  Cho» 

rafinke,  p.  6t. 

(D)  Kanti  Kenf^  and   Kunt^  language,    fignifies    a  city   or 

as  "tis  varioafly  pronounced  by  town  ;  of  which  Kofid^  or  Kend^ 

people  who  fpeak  different  dia-  are  mad^  \>y  pther  nations. 
Icdi  of  the  Muttgl  ot  Turkijb 

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1-405  ^t  and,  chcRigh  not  opofiderable  at  prefeBt»  vis  the  ca- 
pital city  of  Turkeftins  when  that  kingdom  or  empire  was  is 
ttB  flourtOiiog  lUtc,  under  Kdvar,  orKurKbdn,  ashathbocft 
already  ^  iet  forth. 

TASHKUNT^  at  prefimt,  Uoqgs  to  Turkeflik ;  fo«r  days 

joiimtfy  to  the  foothof  which,  and^eaoorth^-eaftof  SkniMr- 

Kojand.    kantt  flaads  Kojandf  or  Kyatd,  and  Kbt^emU  on  the  &r,  bdi^ 

Termed,   t  fanoot  paflage  over  that  rsTer*  as  Termed  is  over  the  Ami. 

SaghmuMn  and  JVqfbjerd  are  (eated  cm  the  rivor  Sagbamn, 

Kalh«       wUch  falb  into  the  AmA.    Kajb^  or  J:;^»  lies  not  &-  to  the 

Ci^of  Akig&\  aadibnthof  £di9Mr/LM/.  Timitr  i^^  wis  prince 

of  thisdty,  before  he  rofe  to  bis  future  greatneia.  , 

'   To  thefe  places  i^ay  be  added  AngUfn^  which  is  themoA 

esftem  town  of  jooteia  all  Grf^  Bukkiris:  ftaading  near  its 

borders,  towards  K^fbgar^  and  not  |ar  &om  the  fcnroeof  the 

Sbr^  on  whofe  nortlMrn  fide  it  is  fituated ;  in  the  Jatitode  of 

4od^rees,  accordii^  to  the  Jefuits  map  of  Tiirf »  ibawufroin 

te  joutn^  of  (7Ai/}<^  aiid  To^r  trateUers. 

3*  Tbe  frwhui  §fWk: 

iottndt  THE  piovince  of  jWft,  or  B^kt,  lies  to  the  fouth  of  the 
mndex'  ^  pwvwotof  Samarkast,  tod  &dko{  Pr^crBukbSr^  Tu 
tnu.        idxmt  360  fldiles  loi^  and  250  broad. 

.  B  E  NTINK  cbmy^  that  although  this  promce  is  the 
(malleft  of  the  three,  yet,  beiog  extremdy  fortik,  md  tho 
roughly  cultivated,  the  prince  draws  a  fyk  rofenue  out  of  it 
The  a)untry  particularly  abounds  with  iiUe^  cf  whiflh  the  ifi^ 
habitants  make  very  pretty  manufaAures* 
r  Tiis  Uzheh  fubjeft  to  the  Ichan  of  Bilk,  are  the  moft  <t 
filized  of  all  the  Tatars  inhabitii^  great  BukHria,  ^wi^g*  ht 
^. :  aU  likelihood,  to  their  commerce  with  the  Perfians ;  odther 
ife  fa  ^ven  to  thieving  as  the  reft:  they  aire  litewife  more  la- 
duftrious ;  but  in  other  refpe£ls  are  the  fame  fort  of  people. 
.;  Thb  country  of  BSik  is  divided  into  feveral  prondnoes ;  die 

moft  remarkable  whei>eof  are,  KhHlim^  or  Kat^  Toktofiifi^ 
9BABadagshSn.  Its  chief  cities  are,  BiA,  tariy^  T<Abin^ 
fia^^g^MB,  and  Anderih^ 
City  of  4  The  city  of  iWtt  is  fituate  towards  Ae  borders  <rf  Ptf^s, 
B^k.  about  50  miles  to  the  fouth  of  Termed^  and  on  the  river  De-* 
ib^;.  which,  aboitt  40  miles  from  thence,  to  the  north-weft, 
falls  into  the  AmA,  Bentink  informs  us,  that  BiBt  is,  at  pre^ 
fent,  the  moft  confiderable  of  all  the  towns  poflefled  by  the 
JHohammedan  Tatars^  being  large,  fair,  aud  w^  peopfoi 

»  Abv'lch.  ubi  fupra,  p.  46a,  k  fcqcj.  ^  S^ebefojc. 

V,:  ^  Mfift 

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Moft  of  ks  btif£tigs  ikfe  of  ftone  or  bride ;  and  its  for^ca* 
dons  coniift  of  eaitheh  bulwarks,  lined  on  the  outfide  with  sr* 
ftroi^  wall,  high  enougJi  for  its  defence.    The  khan's  cafUe 
iiurgwR  AtjStw^  Ast  the  diAerft  ftjKoDv  bu9t  ^d^^ 
wholly  of  marble,  dug  out  of  the  neighbouring  mountains. 
The  chief  caufe  to  which  this  prince  owes  his  preferyation,  is 
life  jcaloafy  wlilch  feigns  am6ng  tht  neighbouring  powers ;  fc^     -      '  ^^^ 
tiat  he  is  €^ays  fure  of  bdng  afBfted  by  one,  when  attacked  "* 

t^an^tho*. 

.  Ab  fiw^igners^  feive'frcc  liberty  to'  trade  in  this  city,  it  is 
become  the  refcwt  of  all  the  bufinds  carried  on  between  Oi^ai 
BMAfim  ttfld  th«  hiMiu  •  To  this  the  fine  river,  beft>re-men- 
ti^nedi -which  paflel^  through  its  fuburbs,  contribute*  not  a         .       * 
Iktld.     GkKxb^  pay  4  percent,  going  ind  coming ;  but  pallen-  *    '^ 

gM  )fkf  noting  at  all. 

'  AND  ERA  B  is  the  moft  fouthem  city  pofleflcd,  «  pre^  Andcrib; 
fi»t,  by  dife  Uthia ;  being  fituated  at  tiie  foot  of  thfc  mcmn- 
tatei  'i'^^h  divide  the  dmnintens  of  the  Creaf  Mogul  and  P^r^^' 
fi^  from  ^reat  BukMrid.  As  thate*  is  no  other  way  of  croflSng 
thbfe  tdountains  toifards  Jn£a,  with  beafts  of  carriage,  blit 
byfiie  wad  through  this  city  ^  all  travellers,  and  goods,  from 
C¥^Mi  SukMria,  defigned  for  that  country,  muft  pafs  this  way,' 
^ylng  4  percent  Ofi  this  account,  the  khin  of  B&Oi  ttmn^ 
tdte  a  igidod  ttumfeer  of  foldiers  in  ttre  plate,  which  otherwSfe 
is  (^  no  great  ftrength.  For  the  reft,  Jnderdb  is  very  rich  zxtS 
p^^lo^  C«Mifid^*^ig  It  is  but  fmrfl.  The  heighbourii^  monn-  " "  ^ 
ttftid  yield  noMe  qusSies  of  lapis  lazuB,  in  whidi  the  BiAhAri 
driv^  i  gi^eat  trade  wkh  Peffia  and  In^.  .  ' 

SjbAV3lHAPr  (or  Badakjbin)  is  a  very  antlent  city,  anff^Badag* 
«cde£^  fti'Ot^,  by  \^  fitnaSon,  at  the  foot  ^f  tihbieldgh  {ban. 
tfl&dBfi^^  wfaid^  fepara^e  HmMft&n  from  Great  Tartatj.  It 
Monga  te  the  khin  of  Proper  BuiMrid,  and  fervcs  him  for  a' 
iStd  of  ft^e-^ifon,  to  fectre  thofe  hels  jealous  of.  Althotrgh 
the  #owii  is  not  vety  big,  yet  it  is  Well  enough  built,  and  very 
we!l  p6epkd  T%e  inhabitants  are  ?nriched  by  the  *inei  of 
gdki,  fdver^  and  pttMes^  which  '^  in  the  ndghbourhdoa;* 
Thfj  who  live  at  tJje  foot  of  the  inountains  gathdr  a  great 
mmatity  of  ^Idand  fihrer  duft  in  spring,  brought  down  by 
lie  toriients,-  irhcn^e^ow-meltsoathe-topm.  -       ■ 

The  mountains  above-nientipned  are  called,  in  the  Mtt^/jr/^^>«4-^ 
^tige^e,  Bekir  Tig,  or  tie  dark  motmfatns ;  in  which  rifes  tioii*  ^ 
tte  river  y/f»i^,  ihere  called  J?arr/if.    -^^ttfaf i*i^  ftands  on  tte  *  V 

north  fide  of  it,  above  loo  miles  from  its  fource,  230  hqm 
m^.aiid  2M  bom  AngMeUf  in  thp  proviiK£  of  iS^^^ibntfc 

«  Bent.  ap.  Abu-lglu.ubi'fBfura^  p.  466^  icA^   ^^  iv^ 
\     -  I  It 

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It  Is  a  great  thoroughfare  fpr  the  karaw^  ddigned  for  l^tk 
BukhAria^  which  take  the  iame  road. 

Qf  tbr  inbatihofts  of  Great  BukharU,  their  manmrs 

^  cufiomsi' 


Inhabit*  *?rHE  inhab^ants  of  Great  Bukhiria  are  of  three  forts. 
4tntu  -*•    I  vT^e  Bukhdrs,  who  are  the  anti^t  inhabitants^*    2,  The 

jagatays,  or  Mungfs,  who  fettled  there  under  Jagatay  Khint 
f^cond  fon  of  Jeiighiz  KhAn^  And,  3..  The  UzbekTaia^s^ 
who  are  the  prefent  poileflbrs.  .  . 

Wf  Buk-  -  I.  All  the  great  towns,  both  of  Gnat  uad  Little  Buk" 
bars  per'  h^ria,  from  the  borders  of  Karazm,  as  far  Sis  China,  ai^  io^ 
fom.  habited  by  the  BukMrs',   who,  being  the  antient;  people  of 

thofe  provinces,  have  that  name  given  to  them  thrpu^out  the 
e^.  ^Btit  the  Tatars  commonly  call  them  7k/t^x ;  which 
Wpr4}  in  their  language,  fignifies  nearly  the  bm^  as  burge&, 
or  citizen  (E).  The  Bukh^s  are  well-fet,  and  very  fair j  cpi^ 
lidering, the  climate;  have  generally  large  eyes,  black,  and 
lively ;  their  faces  are  welUfhaped ;  their  nofes  hawked  5  ha^ 
black,  and  very  fine ;  their  beards  thick.  In  fhort,  they.hayp, 
nothing  of  the  deformity  which  appears  in  the  Tatars^  amoog 
whom  they  inhabit.  /The  women  arfe  generally  large,  and 
weUrihaped,  with  fine  complexions,  and  very  beautiful  fea-i 
tures. 
^heir  BoTH  men  and  women  ufe  calico  (hifts  and  drawers,  over 

drefs.        which,  tjie  men  wear  a  veft  of  qtiUted  .fijk,  or  calico;  which: 
reaches  to  the  mid-leg,  and  is  tied  aboiui;  the  middle  by  a  iilk- 
c^pe  girdle,  whicjirgoes  feveral  times  round.    When  they  go 
J     abroad,v  they  fling  over  it  a  long  cloth  gown,  &ced,  and  eveB. 
*  4^^^."^  winter,  with  fur.  Their  head  is  covered  with  around 

dojtht  txwinet,  like  tkt  Pohjb,  with  a  large  fur  border :   fomct 
wear^  turbans,  like,  the  Turkijh,     Their  boots  are  made  like 
the  Perfian  bufldns,,  tut  not  altogether  fo  neat ;   and  they 
bavje  a  very  fmgular  art  of  preparing  horfe-hides  for  the  pur-? 
pof^./  The  women  wear  long  gowns,  full,,  and  loofe,  of  the* 
lame  materials.     They  let  their  hair  hang  in  trefles,  adorned 
wi^h  pearls,  and  other  jewels.    Their  bonnet  is  fmall,  flat,) 
afid  coloured.    ThQir  flippers  like  thofe  worn  in  the  north  of 
.  the  At//«;     • 
Jteligton        All  the  BMirs  profefe  the  Mohammedan  religion,  nearly 
and  trade,  after  the  Turki/b  form,  excepting  in  fome  few  ceremonies.. 

'   (ED  They  give  them  this  ap-  ing  merchandize ;  whereas  the 

pelk^ion,  as   a  nickname,  by  7^/«r/ prefer  the  fi^d,  and  treat 

way  of  contempt,  for  their  Hv-  commerce  as  a  bafe,  mean  em- 

ing  whoUy  in  towns,  and  IbUow*  ployment. 

S    '  They 


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C.  1/  DeJ^ariptm  of  Great  BukbaHa.  -izj 

Thej  live  by  following  mechanic  trades,  or  commerce^  'which 
is  wholly  in  their  hands  :  but,  as  feldom  any  foreign  merchamt^ 
arrive  among  thcmj  efpcdally  in  thofe  parts  where  the  Moham" 
medan  Tntars  zvq  maftei-s,  they  refort  in  numerous  karawans  to 
China^  the  Indies,  Perfia^  and  Siberia,  where  they  traffic  to 
coofiderable  advantage^  Although,  they^xiilefe  all  the  tcf^Hjn^ 
of  thefe  provinces,  they  never  npieddle  \vith  anps,  leaving  liie 
huiineis  of  war  and  government  to  t]xe  Eli^thSf  &^  K6{hn4ks^ 
^  Uzbek  Tat  an,  who  are,  in  poffeffion,  the  latter  qf  Qreat^ 
the  fbrjner  of  tittle,  Bukhdria;  to  whom  they  pay  tribute, 
which  is  regulated  every  year.  Oft. this  account,  the  Ta/^r/ 
dc^ife  them  extremely,  as  cowardly,  fmiple.people ;  of  which 
feveral  inftances  occur  in  Abu'lgh&zi  Khdn'i^  hiflory, ' 

The  Bukhars  are  utterly  at  a lofsas to  their  origin ;  further  Their  ori* 
than  that,  by  tradition,  they  came  thither  from  fome  diJftant  couur  gin  un- 
try.  They  are  not  divided  into  tribes,  like  the  Tatars,  and  many  known* 
joihex  eaftern  people;;  whence  maj:iy  furmife,  that  they  are  the 
d«fcenHants  of  the  twelve  tribes  carried,  by  Salmanajfar  king 
of  Jffyria,  into  Media ;,  to  which,  their  havmg  the  appcarancp 
of  Jews,  and  many  cuftoms  like  theirs,  feems  to  add  weight, 
.But  our  author  thinks  fuch  confcMinities  too  weak  for  conj- 
vincipg  proofs ;  and  we  are  of  opinion,  that  the  Btikhirs  not 
bcmg  divided  into  tribes,  is  an  argument  againft,  inftead  of 
.for,,  that  idle  notion. 

2.  ri^  Jagatay  Taurs. 

.TCVE;R  fince  the  reign  of  Jagatay  Khirif  fecond  fon  off^^  Jaga- 
-     J^nghiz  KhAn,  who  had,  for  his  fhare.  Great  Bukhdria,  tays. 

,  and  part  of  Karazm,  thofe  provinces  bore  the  name  of  Ja- 
gatay, and  his  Tatar  {ovMungl)  fubjefts,  whom  he  brought 
along  with  him,  ihsit  of  Jagatay  Tatars  ;  till. ShabakhtSoltdn, 
having  driven  out  the  defcendants  of  Timur  Beg  {or  Tamer  Ian), 
the  name  of  Jagatay  gav^  place  to  that  pf  Uzbeks.  Yet  our 
geographers  continue  to  give  the  name  Jagatay  to  Great  Buk- 

.Mria,  although  it  has  ceafed  above  200  years  ago.  However,, 
it  is  flill  ufed,  to  diftinguifh  the  defcendants  of  the  Tatars 
who  firft  poflefled'that  region,  from  thofe  who  are  the  prefent 
matters  of  it,  although  both,  making  now  but  one  mixed 
body,  are  comprifed  under  the  general  name  of  Uzbeks.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  troops,  and  other. crown  officers,  of  the 
Great  McguLoi  Hinduftdn,  are  called  Jagatay s  by.  the  orientals, 

,  becaufe  they  were  the  Jagatay s  who  conquered  that  couiUry  ^> 

*  Bejit.  ap.  Abili'lghv  ubi  fupr^,  p.  45 8,  U  feq. 

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1^  JtrtgU^IOikn^s  Suicefm/  JffiTlt^ 

fiBder  Mtin  Bahr,  after  he  had  been  expdied  out  of  Great 
SukMria. 

3.  Uzbek  Tatars  ^/ Great  Bukharia, 

Uzbeks  ^T*HE  Uzbeks^  who  pofleH^  this  region,  are  generally  repute* 
dre/s,  Met.  '^  the  moft  civilized  of  all  the  Mohammedan  Tatars ^  although 
rhey  are  great  robbers,  like  the  reft.  They  are  cloathed;,  both 
men  and  women,  like  the  Perfians  (but  not  fo  neatly),  as  low 
as  diefr  boots,  which  are  very  douterly;  and  the  chief  of  them 
wear  a  plume  of  -^ririte  heron  feathers  on  their  turbans.  Thdr 
hioft  delicious  viduals  are  piUaw  (which  is  rice  foddea  ih 
broth)  and  horfe-flefti.  Their  common  drink  is  kumis  (or 
*  kammez)  and  arak,  both  made  of  mares  milk.    Thqr  language 

is  a  mixture  of  the  TurWh,  Perjtan^  and  Mtmgl  tongues ;  yet 
they  are  able  to  undemand  the  Perfians^  arid  the  Perfims 
them.  Their  arms  are  much  the  fame  with  thofe  ufe4  by  tfeb 
^eftoftheTi^^frx,  viz.  thefabre,  the  dart,  the  lance,  and  Afe 
bow,  of  a  larger  fize  than  ordinary,  which  they  manage  with 
much  fhength  and  dexterity.  They  have  ufec}  mu&ets  fdr 
Ibme  time  paft,  aft^  the  Perfim  manner.  When  they  go  to 
war,  a  great  part  of  then-  cavalry  we^  coats  of  maal,  an4  > 

little  buckler,  to  defend  them. 

Robuftand  The  Tatars  of  this  country  value  themfdhres  on  bdng  tlte 
h^wve.  moft  robuft  and  valiant  of  all  the  Tatars  ;  and  they  muft 
needs  be  people  of  odiirag^  lince  the  Perfians ^  naturally  very 
brave,  are,  Jn  fome  meafure,  afraid  of  them.  The  womgn 
alfo  of  Great  Bttkh&ria  pique  thentfelves  on  account  of  th^ 
valour.  Bernier  iriates  a  very  romantic  ftory,  w{uch  was  told 
hka  by  the  Idiin  of  Samarkant's  ambaflador  fent  to  Aureng 
Zeb.  The  truth  is,  that  thefe  women  often  go  to  war  with 
their  hufbands ;  and  do  not  fear  engaging  hafid-to-hand  wiljh 
the  enemy,  when  occafipn  requires  it.  They  are,  for  the  moft 
part,  veryi^'ell  made,  and  tolerably  handfome;  nay,  fome<£ 
them  may  pafs  for  perfeft  beauties'  in  any  country. 
Aliisap  at  The  horfes  of  the  Uzbeks  have  neither  breafts  nor  buttocks : 
m:ar.  -^th  the  neck  long  and  ftreight,  like  a  fHck ;  with  the  l^s  very 
high,  and  no  belly :  they  are,  befides,.frightiEully  lean.  But,  for 
all  this  forry  appearance,  they  are  e^cceeding  fwifi,  and  almcft 
indefadgable ;  very  eafily  maintained  withal :  for  a  little  gra^^ 
or  mo6,  though  ever  fo  indifferent,  fatisfies  them  in  time  (bf 
need ;  fo  that  they  are  the  fitteft  horfes  in  the  world  for  Ac 
life  which  th^  Tatars  make  of  them.  Their  mafters  are  com- 
monly at  war  with  xhtPerJians^  their  incurfions  being  enccra* 
raged  by  the  fine  plains  of  Khorajfan  :  but  the  mountains,  in- 
acceilible  to  their  cavalryi  hinder  them  from  penetrating  into 

the 


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C.  2.  Defcription  of  Little  Bukharia:  l^9 

the  dominions  pf  the  Great  MoguL  Such  of  them  as  feed  on 
their  cattle,  live  under  portable  huts,  like  their  neighbours  the 
Kalfnuks^'  encamping  wherc-ever  they  fee  convenient.  But 
they  who  cultivate  lands,  dwell  in  the  villages  and  hamlets ; 
very  few  of  then^  living  in  the  cities  or  towns,  which  arc  all 
poflefled  by  the  Bukhars,  or  antient  inhabitants  ^,  We  fliall 
ipeak  of  the  origin,  and  other  particulars,  relating  to  the  t/a- 
ieks,  when  we  come  to  the  hiftory  of  Karazm^ 

C  H  A  ?!    II. 

j4' Defcripion  of  Littk  Bukhlim. 

THE  name  of  Little  Bukharia  is  given  to  this  country,  not  ///  name^ 
becaufe  it  is  lefs  in  dimenfions  than  the  Great  Bukhdria, 
bdng  in  reaHty  much  larger :  but  becaufe  it  is  inferior  to  it,  as 
to  the  number  and  beauty  of  its  cities,  goodnefs  of  the  foil, 
abundance  of  inhabitants,  and  the  like.  The  adjunfts  of 
Great  and  Little  feem  to  have  been  impofed,  by  the  Uzbeks, 
to  diftinguifli  fuch  part  of  the  Bukhdrs  country,  as  is  pof- 
fefled  by  themfelves,  from  that  which  was  not  fubijued  by 
them  ;  and  yet  the  name  of  Little  Bukharia  is  never 
ufed  4yy  Ab^Ughdzi  Khhn^  who  fpeaks  of  Kdjhgar^  tar- 
kian^  and  other  countries  belonging  to  it,  without  com- 
priiing  them  under  any  general  denomination.  Before  the  Uz- 
beks conquered  part  of  the  Bi4khdrs  country,  the  whole  went 
by  the  name  of  Jagatay,  or  the  country  of  Jagatay^  fon  of 
Jenght%  Khdn,  to  whofe  fhare  it  fell.  It  was  alfo  called,  by 
the  Perfmns,  the  kingdom  of  Kijhgar,  from  that  province, 
which  was  the  neareft  and  principal  part  of  the  whole.  In 
the  hiftory  of  Timur  Bek,  Little  Bukharia  is  confidered  as 
part  of  Mbgulifidn,  and  the  country  of  Jetah,  or  the  Jetes  ; 
ivhom  the  Per/ian  geographers  place  in  that  part  of  Tartary 
which  lies  contiguous  on  the  north. 

LITTLE  Bukhdria  is  furrounded  by  defarts  :  it  has,  on  bounds  and 
the  weft,  Great  Btihh&ria ;  on  the  north,  the  country  of  the  fxtititi 
Ekiths^  or  Kalmyks,  in  Tartary  ;  that  of  the  Mungls  fubjeft 
to  China,  on  the  eaft ;  on  the  fouth,  Tibet ,  and  the  north-weft 
end  of  China ;  from  both  which  countries  it  is  feparated  by 
two  kobis,  or  defarts,  of  vaft  extent,  which  communicate  with 
each  other.  It  is  fituated  between  the  92d  and  1 1 8th  degrees 
of  longitude,  and  between  the  35*^  30'  and  45th  degree  of 
latitude  J  being  in  length,-  from  eaft  to  weft,  about  850 
znlles ;  and  in  breadth,  from  fouth  to  north,  580  :  but,  if  its 
dimenfions  be  taken  according  to  its  femicircular  courfe  from 

•  Abu'lgh.  ubi  fup.  p.  459,  Sc  fcq. 
Mod.  Hist.  Vol.  V.  •  I  the 

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1^  '  ^'  ■  JtnghizKMn^s  Succejfors.  B.  IV. 

die  foatli  to  thie  north-eaft^  its  length  will  be  1 200  miles,  but 
:  its  breath  niv^r  exceed  140. 
4w>,  mines  i     This  region  is  populotis  and  ilertik  enough ;  but  the  great 
elevatioh  of  its  land,  jcnned  to  the  high  mountains  which  bound 
At  in  fcveral  parts,  efpecially  towards  the  fouth,   renders  it 
much  colder  than  it  ought  naturally  to  be  (A)  by  its  fituation. 
-It -is  very  rich  in  mines  of  gold  and  filver  ;  but  the  inhabit- 
ants reap  little  benefit  by  them,  becaufe  ndther  the  EMtks 
(or  Kalmuks),  who  are  matters  of  the  country,  new:  the  Bui- 
idrs^  care  to  work  in  them.    However,  they  gather  abund- 
ance of  gold. every  fpring  out  of  the  gutters  made  by  the 
torrents  which  fkH  from  all  fides  of  thofe  mountains,  when  the 
V  fnow  melts  ;  and  from  hence  comes  all  that  gold-duft  whidi 
the  BukhArs  carry  into  India^  China,  and  Siberia.     Much  nuifk 
precious     ^^  likewife  found  in  this  country;  and  all  forts  of  precious 
ftones.        ftones,  even  diamonds ;  but  the  inhabitatits  have  not  the  art 

of  either  cutting  or  polifhing  them  *. 

Nature  of     All  Uttk  Bukh&ria  cpnfifts  of  one  long  chain  of  moun- 

tbefoil ;    tains,  with  its  branches  extending  through  the  kobi,  or  (andy 

defart,  which,  towards  the  foot  of  thofe  hills,  is  intcrfperfed 

with  fruitful  plains ;  fo  that  it  may  be  compared  to  a  long 

teef  of  rocks  and  iflands  riiing  in  the  fea.     Rtg}s  obferves, 

that  between  the  cities  in  this  country  there  are  no  vi&cges  (B) : 

whence  it  happens,   that,   in  travelling  a  whole  day   fircoi 

one  to  the  other,  there  is  not  an  houfe  of  ^ntertainm^it  to 

be  found.    He  attributes  this  partly  to  the  genius  of  thcti- 

tarsy  who  prefer  tents  to  houfes ;  and  partly  to  the  nature  rf 

the  country,  which  is  fo  divided  by  branches  of  the  koU| 

that  it  is  habitable  only  in  fome  particular  places. 

dsvtfien.         LITTLE  Bukhdria  contsuns    fcveral   diftinft  dates,  or 

countries ;  but  their  exatt  number,  bounds,  and  dimenfions, 

are  not  afcertained  by  authors.     In  the  time  of  Goex  the  Jc- 

fiiit,  Who  travelled  thro'  it  in  1603,  it  confifted  of  two  kii^- 

.  doms,  K0gar  m  the  weft,  and  Chalis  in  the  eaft,  both  wnicr 

one  fovereign :  at  prefent  it  may  be  convemendy  divided  mto 

*  Abu'lgh.  hift.  Turks,  Sec,  p.  469,  &feq. 

(A)  This  feems  to  be  contra-  (B)  Yet  Bentink,  and  the  aa- 

diaed   by   7he  prefent  State  of  tltor  of  Tbb  Defcription  9f  Bok- 

Bukh^  ia,  where  this  country  js  haria,  fay,  the  towns,  which  are 

&id  tu  aix>und  with  all  forts  of  about  twenty,  have  a  great  nam- 

fruits  and  vines ;  but  that  the  ber  of  villages  depending  en 

heat  is  fo  exceffive,  that  there  is  them.      JbuUgb,   ffift.   TwkSf 


no   beaCring    it   without-doors.     p.  471. 
Jknlgh.  liift.  Turks,  p.  477. 


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four 
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(^±%  I}^^/^/»  ^/ Little  BukhftrbL  qr^] 

four  parts ;    the  kingdom  of  Khfbgar^  and  the  provintes  of 
^fk^  T-nffBn^  and  Kharrdl,  call^  by  the  Chinefes  Ham 

I .  KASHGAR  is  the  moft  weftefn  province  of  the  four ;  cfr  Kafbgar 
Bes,  more  properly,  to  the  fouth  di  Akfk.    It  hathi  In  the/'vv/w. 
weft.  Great  BukhAria ;  irom  whence  k  is  feparated  by  k  dou*  ' 
ble  chain  ofmountains,  with  defarts  between  them.     On-^' 
ftnitfa  lies  Tibet ;  and,  to  the  eaft,  the  great  kobi,  or  (kfart^ 
nt^iich  extends  as  for  as  eaftem  Tartary.    It  may  be  a^ut 
430  mifes   in  length  from  fouth  to  north,   and  350  broad 
feom  weft  to  ^aft  :  within  this  compafs  we  do  not  meet  with 
lEKHre  than  eight  or  cine  towns  mentioned  by  authors,  of  which 
only  three  are  of  any  great  oonfideration,  viz.  K^Jbgar,  Tar' 
iianf  and  Khotam, 

I.  KASHGAR,  written  by  the  Jefuits  Haftkar,  is  called  C/Zy  0/ 
alfo  Ardiikaniy  according  to  AM'lfeda.  It  lies  to  the  north-  K^^g*^* 
Weift  rf  the  otfici:  two  cities,  towards  the  frontiers  of  Great 
Bukhiria,  at  the  foot  of  tli^  mountains  which  fepartte  that 
prbivince  from  the  lefler.  It  fbnds  on  the  eaft  bank  of  a  river 
which  falls  from  thofe  mountains,  and  lofes  itfelf  in  the  defart, 
thirty  or  forty  miles  difbnt  from  the  city.  It  was  formerly  the 
capiat  of  the  kingdom  :  but,  as  Bent  ink  obfcrvcs,  is  very  much* 
declined  fince  the  Tatars  have  been  matters  of  it  i  however^ 
Acre  is  ftill  a  pretty  good  commerce  carried  on  with  the  neigh^ 
bouring  countries,  tho'  very  inconfiderable  to  what  it  was  ^i 
This  city,  before  Tenghiz  Kh&n's  conqueft,  was,  for  a  time, 
the  capital  of  TnrlteftAn,  or  the  dominions  of  the  Turks y  m- 
Tartary;  likewife  oif  the  weftern  Lyau^  or  Karakitayans  t 
fince  then  alfo  it  has  been  the  feat  erf"  kings  defcended  froni 
Jagatay  Khhi^  who  fecm  to  have  reigned  there  till  the  con- 
q^  dE  Uttk  Bukhdria  by  the  EMths  in  1 683 . 

The  city  of  Tarkian^  or  Terkian,  according  to  Beniink,  'wh6  Yarkiaft 
vrikes  Terkeen  and  Terkehen  (C),  is  at  prefent  the  capital  oi  thecafi^ 
all  Uttk  Bukh&riay  ^d  fituated  to  the  north  of  Kkjbgaf,  ontaL 
the  banks  of  a  fmall  river,  whofe  waters  are  not  reckone^: 
Wholf^e:    But,  as^  its  fituation,  he  was  probably  mifirt*^' 
formed  :  for  the  Jtrfuits,  in  their  map  of  this  country  (v^^hlcli 
they  ihdodie  m  that  of  Tibet),  place  it  to  the  fouth^eafl:  oif 
Kijbgat,  about  ninety  miles  diflant,  and  on  a  river,  which 
fi^ifi-tte  mountains,  about  the  fame  diftancc  to  the  fouth* 
weft,  and  falls  into  the  lake  of  L?/,  about  fix  hundred  miles* 
£rom  its  fource.    Theiame  author  adds,  that  lf(Lrkian  i$  krgf$« 

^  Afiu^tctt.  ubifap,  p.  471. 

(C)  Othierst  Irkenf  Irghtn^  Jarkan^  farkhaff,  YurkenJ^  an j  Hiari' 

la  and 


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iga  .  Jenghlz  Khan'i  Succejfors.  B.  I^ 

tnd  pretty  well  built  in  the  eaftcrn  way,  altho'  moft  of  the 
hou(es  arc  of  fun-burat  bricks.  There  is  a  caftle  in  this  dty, 
where  the  khan  of  the  Kluths  comes  to  refide  for  a  time,  when 
his  afiairs  require  it ;  whence  it  is  miilakcn  by  fomc.for  the 
place  of  his  ufual  refidence.  The  country  round  Yarkian  is 
very  fertile  in  all  forts  of  fruits  and  .pulfe. 

This  city  muft  needs  be  very  populous,  and  the  BukhArs 
rich,  as  it  is  the  centre  of  all  the  commerce  carried  on  be- 
tween the  Indies  and  the  no^  of  Jfia^  Tibet ^  Siberia^  Great 
BuUdria,  and  China.  The  late  emperor  of  JiuJ/iaf  Peter  I. 
intended  to  have  fettled  a  regular  trade  with  Yarkian^  by  the 
river  Irtijbf  which  would  have  proved  very  advantageous  to 
his  dominions.  ^ 

Khotam,  The  city  of /C6^j;72,  or  Notom,  is  varioufly  writtcy^ by  au- 
tfrHotom.  thors :  'tis  called  by  Marco  Polo,  Kotam ;  Hotom,  in  the  map 
of  the  Jefuits  j  Koton,  in  other  maps ;  Khateen  by  Bentink  ; 
and  Khoton  by  the  oriental  hiftorians.  Jbfflfeda  ^ys,  it  was 
incredibly  large,  and  that  its  inhabitants  were  ori^nally  of 
Kitay  ^.  It  was  probably  built  by  the  Karakitayans  (D)  before- 
mentioned,  who  conquered  this  country,  and  founded  a  dy- 
nafty  there  in  1 124  **.  This  city  lies  to  the  fouth-eaft  of  Yar- 
kian,  on  the  river  Hotomni/olon,  according  to  the  above-men- 
tioned map.  According  to  Bentink,  it  is  fubjeA  to  the  grand 
khin  of  the  Eliths  ;  and  ft'dl  in  a  pretty  flourifliing  conditbn, 
on  account  of  its  great  ^^ck  with  Tibet  and  the  Indies.  Li- 
berty of  conicience  is  allowed  here  by  the  inhaUtants,  who 
arc  moftly  Mohammedans,  to  all  their  pagan  ndghbpurs.  The 
houfes  are  built  with  bricks,  and  the  circumjacent  country  is 
exceeding  fruitful.  The  citizens  pay  a  certain  tribute  to  the 
khan  of  the  ElAths  for  his  protcAion,  and  arc^not  incommoded 
by  his  people. 
Country  of  a.  The  country  of  Alfu  lies  to  the  north  of  Kajbgar,  and 
Akfl.  weft  of  the  province  of  Turf  An,  about  350  miles  in  length, 
and  feventy  in  breadth.  Jkfd  (£),  the  chief  town  in  this  re- 
gion is  frequently  mendoned  by  travellers ;  but  no  account 
given  ci  it,  farther  than  that  it  belongs  to  the  kingdcnn  of 
KA/hgar.    Accordmg  to  the  Jefuits  map,  it  ftands  on  the  north 

<  Defer,  Cborafm.  p.  80.  edit.  Hudfon.  '  Sec  before.  , 

Vol.  IV.  p.  57. 

(D)   Whrthcr  the  name  be        (E)  jikfi  fignifies  wohite  <wa- 
tOfoton,  Kttm,  or  Hpton  (which,    ter  i  perhaps  from  the  quality 
in  the  Mungl  language,  fignifies    of  its  river, 
a  city),  or  IChotomt  fcems  uncer- 
tain. 

Mc 

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C.  2.  Befcripiion  of  Little  Bukharia.  133 

fide  of  a  fmalt  river,  which  runs  fouth-eaft,  and  lofes  itfelf 
in  the  fands.  The  rivef  Hi  has  its  fprings  in  the  mouatains  in 
die  north-eaft  part  of  this  province  ;  and  rans  north-weftward 
iflto  Tartary,  where  it  fells  into  the  lake  Palkati,  about  120 
leagues  from  its  fource.  On  the  eaft-Jide  of  this  river,  to- 
wards the  faid  lake,  the  late  khans  of  the  EMths  ufed  to  fix^ 
their  encampments,  called  Harkas,  or  Urga^  as  others  write 
it.  More  to  the  weft  rife  the  Ciui  Muren  and  TkAzj  Muren  ;- 
on  which  laft  ftands  the  town  of  Sayrhrty  according  to  the  in- 
formation of  the  Jefuits.  Both  thefe  rivers,  after  a  courfe  of 
about  1 80  miles,  fell  into  a  lake  fituate  in  Great  Tartary. 

3.  To  the  eaft  of  AkfH  lies  the  province  of  Turf  An '^  which  Tarfan 
may  be  about  200  miles  long,  and  80  broad.    It  contains  fcve-  frovinct^ 
ral  towns,  of  which  Turf&n  is  the  chief.     Goes  i-eprefents  it 

as  a  ftrong,  well-fortified  city  t  but  the  later  miffioners  give: 
no  account  of  its  prefent  ftate,  farther  than  that  it  is  a  confi- 
derable  city,  and  that  it  is  fix  days  journey  from  Hami  (or 
Khamil)y  over  a  branch  of  the  kobi,  or  defart ;  but  ten  days,* 
by  the' hills,  to  the  north  of  this  laft* city,  which  is  the  fafer- 
way. 

4.  The  province  ofiKhamuly  Khamtl  (F),  or  Hami,zs  the  Chi-  Khamil 
nefes  call  it,  is  about  1 80  miles  long^  and  80  broad.     It  con-  frovince. 
tains  only  one  finall  city,  of*  the  fame  name ;  but  is  full  of         ' 
houfes,  and  has  a  few.  villages,  as  laid  down  in  the  Jefuits  map. 

The  inhabitants  are  a  large-bodied  people,  and  very  robuft  ; 
well-fhaped,  and  very  neat  in  their  houfes.  It  ftands  ninety 
leagues  from  the  gate  in  the  great  wall  of  Chifia  called  Kyayu- 
quariy  and  has  lands  enough  round  it ;  yet  extends  no  farther, 
becaufe  that  whole  tra<5l  is  nothing  but  a  dry  fand,  and  the  moft 
barren  part  of  all  Tdrtary. 

This  country,  thp'  formerly  inhabited  by  idolaters,  1$  now  R'iigfonf 
free  from  them,  being  poflefled  by  Mohammedans.  The  foiiy^'^* 
fcarce  produces  any  fruit,  except  melons  ;  but  thofe  of  an  ex- 
cellent flavour,  and  which  will  keep  beyond  the  feafon,  fo  as 
to  be  ferved  up  at  the  emperor  of  China's  table  all  the  winter  **» 
Gerbillon  indeed  fays,  th^  country  produces  plenty  of  good 
fruits,  befides  melons  and  grapes  ^  But  then  he  was  not  in 
thefe  parts,  as  the  other  miffioners  were,  from  whom  wc  have 
taken  the  former  account. 

«  Du  Halde,  Defer.  China,  Vol.  II.  p.  253.  ^  Idem 

5hid.  p.  262. 

(F)  Marco  Polo  and  Goes  the  Jefait,  write  Khamul,  B4ntink  Kha- 

I  3  Th« 


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Country  of    Thb  proviiice$  rf  Tttrfin  aad  Khamtl  fecm  to  have  com- 

/^f  Vi-     pofed  the  country  poflcflcd  fiwrmeriy  by  the  Vig^trs,  OygArs,  of 

g&rs.        Igirs^  whofe  capital,  accordmg  to  the  qripntal  authors,  was 

BJjlAalig :  bat  Qaubil  (daces  it  eight  or  nine  leagues  to  the  eaft 

of  Turf  in,  and  names  it  Ho-chem  (according  to  the  Chmefi)^ 

^  fays,  it  is  fHll  called  Pcting'tuM-fit  \  whereas  Bi/bbalig 

is  fituatcd,  by  him,  to  tht  nordi  qf  Tuifdny  and  the  country 

qf  Ahudeg  to  the  weft  of  that  of  BiJbbnHg  ^*     The  Igirs  wer^ 

likewiie  m;^lers  of  the  neighbouring  parts  of  Ta^rtary^  as  far 

as  the  river  Irttjbt  and  monnt  Altay. 

The  ad-,        The  above-mendoned  dcfjurt,  lying  between  Kbamil^sA  the 

joimmg  dt'  great  wail  of  China^  is  part  of  the  fliarmo,  or  kobi.  As  it  affords 

f^^*      .    ndther  air  nor  water,  travellers,  in  croilh^  it,  frequently  lofe  their 

borfes ;  fdt  this  reafon  the  Tatars  make  ufe  rather  of  dromeda- 

lies,  who  are  content  with  li^c  food,  and  can  be  five  or  fix-days 

without  drinking.     However,  th^  whole  defart  is  not  included 

within  this  fpace  of  ninety  leagues  :  for  it  has  feveral  branches, 

M^uch,  fpreading  here  and  there  like  fo  many  infefted  veins, 

divide  the  country  into  as  many  plots,  fqme  dry,  and  quite  un-> 

inhabited;  others  fertile  enough  to  fubfift  a  few  Tatars  ^ 

^(  InbaiUants  of  Little  Bukhliria. 

l^haktt^     T^HE  inhabitants  of  this  country,  tho*  under  the  dominion 

pi/i,  their  ■*•    of  the  Eluths^  are,  for  the  gener^,  Bukhirs.     Thefe,  ap-. 

Jhafe.        cording  to  The  Prefenf  State  of  Little  Bukharia,  are  generally 

fun-burned  and  black-haired ;  altho'  foihe  of  them  are  very 

fair,  handfome,  and  well-made.     They  do  not  want  politenefs  \ 

^d  are  a4difted  to  commerce,  which  they  carry  on  with  China^ 

th(j  In^esy  Perjia,  and  Rujia.     They  who  deal  with  them 

will  be  furfs  to  be  over-reached,  if  they  be  not  on  their  guard. 

jTij  drefi       The  habits  oi  the  men  diflfer  very  little  fi-om  thofe  worn  by 

'  "        .  the  Tatars.    They  fall  ^  low  as  the  calf  of  the  leg,  with 

fleeves  very  wide  towards  the  (houlders,  and  clofe  about  the 

dbows.     Their  jgirdles  are  like  thqfe  of  the  Poles:    The  gar- 

Hients  of  the  women  difier  in  nqthirig  from  thqfe  of  the  men, 

wd  are  conunonly  quilted  with  cotton.   They  w^ar  l^bs  \^ 

jncirears  twelve  inches  long;  part  and  twift   their  hair  in 

trefles,'  which  they  lengthen  with  black  ribbands  cnibroidered 

wdtfa  gold  qr  filver,  and  with  great  taffels  of  filk  and   filver, 

lyhicb  \fSiT^  down  to  their  heds  (A):  three  other  tufts  of  a 

«  Gau^il,  hifl  Gcntch.  p.  \x,  1^6.  la?.        *  Dv  i^ALpi^ 

ijxb'fup.  P.S53.'  •      '    •    •  -1 

(A)  Thcfe  are  the  fame  callr    wom<in,  qf  wl^fe  ^reft  he  has 
^  by  Grueber  northern  TarUuy    given  a  prinC 

-'""  '^  '  '*  ^  %aller 


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C.  a.  DefcripHm  cf  Dctle  fiukhlruu  13$ 

fioalkr  fize  cover  their  breads.  They  have  neckbces  orha- 
^mented  ¥dth  pearls ;  linall  pieces  of  cdn,  aod  icv^  baables^* 
either  g^ded  or  iilvered  over,  which  make  a  flaring  (hew. 
Both  fexes  carry  about  them  prayers  wrttteo  by  their  priefts^ 
and  kept  in  a  fmali  leathern  purfe,  io  the  nature  of  relicks. 
Th^  prls,  and  fcxne  of  the  women,  tinge  thar  nails  ted,  with  tf  both 
the  juice  of  an  Jherb  called,  by  the  BukhArs,  ^ena :  they  dry^^^'* 
and  pulverize  it ;  then,  mixing  it  with  powder^alum,  exppfe 
it  in  the  air  for  twenty-four  brars  before  they  u(e  it,  and  the 
colour  lafts  a  loi^  time. 

Both  fexes  wear  dofe  breeches,  and  boots  of  Ruffia  lea<* 
ther,  very  light,  and  without  heels,  or  leather  foles  ;  putdog 
on  gaUocfaes,  or  high-heeled  flippers,  like  the  Turks^  when 
they  go  abroad.  They  wear  alfo  the  fame  fort  of  bonnets,  and 
covering  for  the  head ;  only  the  women  fet  off  theirs  with 
trinkets,  fmall  pieces  erf*  money,  and  Chinefi  pearb.  Wives 
are  diiHnguifhed  from  maidens  only  by  a  long  piece  of  lineu 
worn  upder  their  bomiete ;  which,  fading  round  the  neck, 
they  tie  in  a  knot  behind,  fo  that  one  end  of  it  hangs  down 
to  the  waift*. 

The  Bvkh&r  houfes  are  of  flone,  and  pretty  good  ;  but  Houfis  ani 
their  moveaM^  are  few,  and  not  very  handfome;  confifting/«r»//tfr<. 
only  of  fome  China  trunks  plated  with  iron.  Upon  thefe,  in 
the  day,  they  fpread  the  quilts  which  they  make  ufe  of  at 
qight,  and  cover  them  with  a  cotton  carpet  of  various  odours. 
They  have  likewife  a  curtain  fprigged  \dth  flowers,  and  other 
^ures ;  alfo  a  fort  of  bedflead  half  a  yard  high,  and  four 
yards  long,  which  is  hidden  in  the  day  with  a  carpet.  They 
go  to  bed  naked  :  but  always  drefs  when  they  rife.  They  are  TbeirtTieti 
very  neat  about  their  viftuals,  which  are  dreffed  in  the  ma^ 
fter's  chamber,  by  his  flaves,  whom  the  BukMrs  either  take  or 
buy  from  the  Kalmyks,  Ruffians,  and  other  neighbours :  for 
this  purpofe,  ther^  are  in  the  chamber,' according  to  the  large-* 
nrfs  of  the  &mily,  feveral  iron  pots,  fet  in  a  kind  of  rang^, 
near  a  chimney.  Some  have  little  ovens,  made,  like  the  reft 
ef  their  walls,  with  a  ftifF  clay,  or  brides. 

Ti|£iR  utenfils  cpnfift  in  fome   plates  and  porringers  c£  .  . 

Capua  wood,  or  of  china,  and  in  fome  copper  veffels  to  boil 
tea  and  water,  A  pi^e  of  coloured  caUico  ferves  them  in^  • 
Head  of  a  table-cloth  and  napkins.  They  ufc  n€;ither  chairs 
nor  tables,  knives  nor  forks,  but  fit  crofs-le^^ed  on  the  ground  ; 
and,  the  meat  bdng  ferved  up  readv  cia,  th^y  pull  It  to.  pieces 
with  their  fingers..  Their  fppons  rdemblc  our  wooden  ladles  *** 

•  tiENTiNK  ap.   Abfi'lgh.  hift,  Tivk«x  *^-  p-  476*  ^  fcqq- 
^  Idem  ibid.  p.  475^""  (c  fi^ch 

J  5  T^fiH^ 


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i^e  .  Jtnf^zKhki's  Sttcctffors  B.  V. 

Their  ufiial  food  is  minced  meats,  of  which  they  make  pies 
in  form  of  a  half*moon :  they  ferve  for  provifion  when  they  go 
long  journeys,  efpeciaily  in  winter,  carrying  diem  in  a  bag, 
after  firft  expofii^  them  to  the  froft ;  and,  when  boiled  in 
water,  make  very  good  broth.  Tea  is*  their  common  drink, 
of  which  they  have  a  black  fort  prepared  with  milk,  fait,  and 
butter ;  eating  bread  with  it,  when  they  have  any  c, 
ptarriaze*  ^^  ^^^  Bukhdfs  buy  their  wives,  paying  for  them  more  or 
eeremtmy ;  ^"^18,  according  to  their  handfomenefs';  fo  the  fureft  way  to  be 
rich,  is  to  have  many  daughters.  The  perfons  to  be  married 
muft  not  fee  or  fpeak  to  each  other  from  the  time  of  their  con- 
traft,  till  the  day  of  marriage ;  which  is  celebrated  for  thiee 
days  with  feafting,  as  they  do  three  great  annual  feftivals. 
The  evening  before  the  wedding,  a  company  of  young  girls 
meet  at  the  bride's  houfe,  and  divert  thcmfelves  till  midnight 
in  playing,  dancing,  and  finging.  Next  morning  the  guefts 
ailcmble,  and  help  her  to  prepare  for  the  ceremony.  Then, 
notice  being  given  to  the  bridegroom,  he  arrives  foon  after, 
accompanied  by  ten  or  twdve  of  his  relations  or  friends ;  fol- 
lowed by  fome  playing  on  flutes,  and  by  an  abus  (B),  who 
fings,  while  he  beats  two  little  timbrels :  then  he  makes  a 
horfe-race ;  which  being  ended,  he  diftributes  the  prizes,  fix, 
eight,  or  twelve,  in  number,  according  to  his  ability.  They 
confift  in  damafks,  fables,  fox-(kins,  callico,  or  the  like.  The 
parties  do  not  fee  each  other  while  the  marriage-ceremony  is 
performing,  but  anfwer  at  a  diftance  to  the  queftions  afked  by  the 
prieft.  As  foon  as  it  is  over,  the  bridegroom  returns  home 
with  his  company ;  and,  after  dinner,  carries  them  to  the  bride's 
houfe,  and  obtains  leave  to  fpeak  to  her.  This  done,  he  goes 
back,  and  returns  again  in  the  evening  *  at  which  time  he 
finds  her  in  bed,  and,  in  prefence  of  all  the  women,  lays  him- 
fclf  down  by  her  in  his  cloaths,  but  only  for  a  moment.  The 
fame  farce  is  afted  for  three  days  fucceffively.  But  the  third 
night  he  goes  to-bed  to  her  in  earneft;  and,  the  next  day, 
carries  her  home. 
CJ!fiy'  Some  hufoands,  by  agreement,  continue  with  their  parents 

iemring.  fome  time  longer,  and  often  a  whole  year,  the  wife  remaining 
the  fame  time  with  hers.  But  if  /he  dies  in  the  interim  with- 
out children,  her  relations  keep  all  which  her  fpoufe  gave  her, 
unlefs  they  are  pleafed  to  return  him  one  half.  The  women 
are  reckoned  imp&re  forty  days  after  their  delivery,  and  dare 
not  fay  their  prayers  all  that  time.     The  child  is  named  the 

*  Bentink  ap.  AbCi'Igh.  hlA.  Turks, &c.  p.  422. 

(H)  The  abus  is  a  kind  of  prieft* 

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C2.  Defcripti&n  of  Uttle  Bukharia:  137 

tMday  after  it  ii  born,  by  the  father, '  or  fome  relation ;  who 
make  it  a  prefent  of  a  bonnet,  piece  of  linen,  or  coat,  as  he 
can  afford  it :  they  are  circumcifed  at  the  age  of  Ifeven,  eight, 
or  nine.  '  , 

Altho*  polygamy  is  looked  on  as  a  fort  of  fin  by  the  Polygamy. 
Mh&rSf  yet  it  is  never  punifhed ;  fo  that  fome  have  ten 
wives,  or  more.  Any  man  may  at  pleafure  fend  back  his 
wife  5  but  then  fhe  is  intitled  to  whatever  he  gave  her  during 
thdr  cohabitation.  The  woman  alfo  muy  part  from  her  huf- 
band ;  but  then  fhe  cannot  carry  away  the  leafl  thing  which  be- 
longs to  her. 

When  a  BukhAr  falls  fick,  a  mullah  is  fent  for,  who  reads  Diftempirs 
to  him  a  paflage  out  of  fome  book,  and  breathes  on  him  feve-  hinucured. 
ral  times ;  then,  with  a  very  fharp  knife,  makes  feveral  cuts, 
oyer  and  on  the  fide  of  his  face.     They  imagine  that,  by  this 
means,  they  cut  the  root  of  the  diflemper,.  which  they  fay  is 
caufed  by  the  devil.     When  any  of  them  dies,  the  priefl  lays. 
a  koran  on  his  breafV,  and  recites  fome  prayers.     After  this,. 
the  body  is  carried  to  the  grave,  which  they'cdmmonly  make 
in  fome  pleafant  wood,  and  indofe  with  a  hedge,   or  pali- 
fade**.  '  ,  '  . 

The  Bukhdrs  have  no  money  but  copper  kopeiks,  which  ^oney^ani 
weigh  near  one-third  of  an  ounce.     When  they  have  filver  or  language.   ' 
gold  to  receive  or  pay,  they  weigh  it,  as  the  Chine/es  and  other 
narions  do  *.     Their  language,  according  to  Gerbillon^  is  appa--, 
rendy  that  of  the  Uzbeks^  differing  from  the  Mungl :  but  he  adds, 
that  this  lafl  is  commonly  underflood,  by  tocans  of  the  great 
commerce  between  the  two  nations  ^ 

Altho'  the  prevailing  (or  eflabliflied)  religion,  In  all  the  J/l  reli- 
towns  and  villages  throughout  Little  Biikhdria^  is  the  Moham-  gtons  tolt' 
mlariy  yet  all  others  enjoy  a  perfeft  toleration ;  becaufe  the  rateJ. 
Kcdntiiks  (or  El^ths),  who  are  maflers  of  this  country  (though 
grofs  idolaters)  think  they  ought  not,  in  confcience,  to  fuffer 
people  to  be  molefted  on  account  of  their  belief.    According 
to  The  Defcription  of  Bukharia,  the  BuhMrs  fay,  that  God 
fiffl  communicated  the  koran  to  men  by  Mofes  and  the  pro- 
phets :  that  afterwards  Mohammed  explained  and  drew  a  mo- 
ral from  it,  which  they  are  obliged  to  receive   and  praftice. 
They  hold  Chrifl  to  be  a  prophet,  and  have  a  Angular  notion 
about  his  birth. 

The  virgin  Mary,  according  to  them,  was  a  poor  orphan ;  Legend  of 
and  her  relations,  difagieeing  about  the  charge  of  her  educa-  Mary, 
tion,  propofed  to  decide  it  by  lot.     They  threw  a  feather  into 

*  Bentink  ap.  Abu'lgh.  hift.  Turks,  p.  482,  &  feq.      «  Idem 
ibid.  p.  478,        f  Du  Halde,  ubi  fup.  p.  261,  &  feq. 

a  veflcl 


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13S  JeiighJ^&KhloV^r^^.  B.L 

a  Ycffd  faU  of  water,  and  agreed  that  he,  to  wbo(e  fiag^r  U 
ftuck,  (hould  have  the  maintenance  of  the  child ;  wt^  hf 
that  fbeans,  fell  to  Zakhariah's  care ;  for  the  feather,  tbo'  fm^ 
to  die  bottom,  rofe,  and  faftened  to  his  finger,  the  very  yiftant 
he  put  it  mto  the  water.    Qne  time  the  bufine^  of  tbe»ieoiple 
having  kept  him  three  days  firom  home,  Ojpon  recaUe^Hng  that 
he  had  locked  the  child  up,  he  ran  back  as  faft  as  lie  could  :  bat, 
inftead  of  finding  her  dead,  as  he  expected,  (he  was  furrouoded 
with  all  forts  of  eatables^  which,  as  ihe  told  him,  God  ha4 
(ent  her. 
CmafiioM*     The  firft  time  thb  hdy  maid  was  taken  after  the  manner 
of  women,  ihe  went  to  bathe  in  a  fountain  which  was  in  a 
great  foreft ;  where,  frighted  on  hearing  a  voke,  fhe  ran  to 
her  cloaths :  but  prefendy  an. angel  appeared,  and  told  her, 
Ihe  fliould  become  with  diild,  ordering  her  to  name  him  Ijfay^ 
Mary  replied  wifely,  that  lying-in  would  be  painful  to  her,  aa 
fbe  never  .had  to  do  with  any  man.    Hereupon  the  angel, 
breathing  on  her  breaft,  made  l;ier  Comprehend  that  myftery  ; 
and  inftrufted  her  in  what  it  was  neceiflary  for  her  to  know. 
In  fhort,  Mary  con<peived  from  that  inftant ;  and,  the  time  of 
ter  delivery  approaching,  went  to  hide  herfelf,  for  fliame,  in 
frhrs      the  feme  forefL    There,  falling  in  labour,  flie  leaned  againft 
/trtHttj'  a  decayed  tree,  and,  in  that  condition,  was  delivered.     When, 
behold !  at  the  fame  inftant,  the  rotten  trunk  began  to  put 
forth  leaves,  and  the  country  all  around  to  bloom  as  in  fprisg. 
The  angels  came  alfo  ;  and,  having  bathed  the  new-bora  in- 
fant in  a  fountain,  which  fuddenly  appeared  within  two  paces 
of  the  place,  returned  him  to  his  mother  ;  who,  going  back  tQ 
her  relatk>ns,  was  received  with  curfes,   and  ill  treatment. 
She  took  it  aJl  very  patiently ;  and,  without  juftifying  herfelf, 
only  defired  her  fou  to  plead  her  caufe.    This  he  did  inune* 
dlately,  with  fuch  ftrength  df  argument  as^  intirely  vindi^ted 
his  mother;  explaining  to  them  the  whole  inyilery  of  a  Wrth 
fb  miraculous,  and  contrary  to  nature. 
J  Young  J/ay,  in  time,  became  a  great  prophet,  and  a  dpAor 

I  of  high  authority:  but  was  generally  hated  and  perfecuted^ 

;  I  rfpecially  by  the  great  men,  who  often  fought  to  flay  him  % 

f;  and  at  laft  fent  two  confiderabk  perfons  to  make  a^ay  vrith 

Bis  m/'  him ;  but,  jull  as  they  were  about  to  execute  thdr  defign,  God 
■  Jmaftion.  took  him  up  to  heaven,  and  puniftied  the  afMins  in  a  fingu-i 
!  lar  manner  :  for,  transforming  them  one  after  the  other  to  the 

ibape  of  I/ay,  they  tecame  expofed  to  the  fury  of  the  people  j 
who,  deceived  by  the.  refemblancf,  put  th^  to  a  mifcrabte 
death. 

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C.  a.  DefiriptiM  0/  lit^e  Bukb&ria.  139 

Altho'  tbe.  Buibirs,  as  appears  from  wliat  has  been  re-  FtAn 
kted,  hav€  no  notion  of  the  fuflefuigs  of  Chrift ;  yet  they/4^'* 
believe  in  the  refurreAiony  and  another  life :  but  canndt  be 
perfuadedy  that  any  mortal  BasOX  be  etecoaUy  damned;  on  die 
contrary,  they  believe,  that,  as  the  (fipncions  led  them  into  fin, 
fo  the  punifliment  will  £m  on  them.  rThey  betieve  pioreover, 
diat,  at  the  laft  day/ every  thing  but  God  will  be  annihilated ; 
and,  coniequently,  that  all  creatures,  the  devils,  angels,  an4 
Chrift  himfelf,  wUl  die.  Likewife  that,  after  the  refurreflion,  all 
men*  excepting  a  few  of  the  eleft,  wUl  be  purified  or  chaftifed 
by  fire,  every  one  according  to  hi^fins,  which  will  be  wdghed 
in  tbe  balance..  ,  , 

Thet  fay,  there  will  be  eight  diiFerent  array,  or  paradifes,  Eight  /«• 
for  the  good  ;  and  feven  hells,  where  Tinners  are  to  be  purified  rtuHfu^ 
by  fire  :  that  thofe,  who  will  fufFer  moft,  are  lyars,  cheats,  and 
Baafce-bates  :  that  the  eleft,  who  do  not  feel  the  fire,  will  be 
chofen  fi:akq;^among  the  good  ;  vix.  one  out  of  a  hundred  men, 
and  one  out  of  a  thou&nd  women ;  which  Tittle  troop  will 
be  carried  into  one  of  the  paradifes,  where  they  fliall  enjoy 
all  forts  of  felicities,  till  it  fhall  pleafe  God  to  create  a  new 
world,  in  the  room  of  the  prefent.  It  is  a  fin,  according  to  them, 
to  fay  that  the  Ddty  is  in  heaven :  God,  fay  they,  is  every- 
where ;  and  therefore  it  derogates  from  his  omniprefence,  to 
fay  he  is  confined  to  any  particular  place. 

Thet  keep  yearly  a  fail  of  thirty  days,  from  the  middle  oiVhtir\jKs^ 
July  to  the  middle  of  Auguji:  during  this  time  they  tafte  no-y^. 
thing  all  day ;  but  eat  twice  in  the  night,  at  fun-fet  and  mid«- 
night :  noc  do  they  drink  any  thing  but  tea,  all  ffa-onjg  liquors 
bei^ig  forbidden.    Whoever  tranlgreflcs  thefe  ordinances,  is 
obliged  either  to  emancipate  his  moft  valuable  flave,  or  give  an 
entertainment  to  fixty  people  :  he  is  likewife  to  recdve  eighty- 
five  ffarokes  on  the  hare  back  with  a  leathern  fbrap  ^led  dura, 
by  order  of  the  aguns,  or  chief-prieft.    Yet  our  Author  ha^ 
pbferved,  that  the  commpn  people  do  not  exaAly  keep  this 
£)ft ;  and  that  workmen  are  allowed  to  eat  in  the  day-time. 
Thqr  fay  prayers  five  times  a  day :  before  morning ;  towards    % 
noon ;  i^temoon ;  at  fun-fet ;  and  tn  the  third  hour  of  t)ie 
night  J  notice  being  given  them  by  their  abus,  or  priefb^ 

%    Bbntivk,  ul^  fup.  p.  47I,  ^fcq. 


CHAP. 

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f40  Jcnghiz  Khki* s  Succefcfs  B.IV* 

CHAP.    III. 
The  Hiftory  of  Great  Bukharia. 

Of  Jagacay  Khin,  and  bis  Succeffbrs. 

Empire  of  Of  A  GAT  AT  [oxChagatay)  Khtn,  fecond  (on  of  Jmgkh  Khin^ 
Jagatay.  ^  ^^s  a  moil  accompliftied  prince,  and  excelled  the  reft  of 
his  brothers.  He  was  alfo  more  equitable  ;  and  obferved,  with 
greater  exaftnefs,  the  laws  made  by  his  father  •,  whereof  he 
..  was  the  keeper  and  adminiftrator.  He  had  fomething  fo  fe- 
vere  in  his  countenance,  that  e\'cry-body  was  afraid  to  look  at 
him  :  however,  he  was  mafter  of  a  great  underftanding ;  on 
which  account  Jenghtz  KhAn  gave  him,  for  his  (hare  of  the 
empire  (A),  all  the  country  of  Great  Bukhiria^  and  half  of 
Karazmi  likewife  the  country  of  thcyigirs  (or  Ig£rs)^  the 
cities  of  K^Jhgar^  BaJdgsbdn^  Bdlk,  and  Gaznah,  with  thdr 
dependencies,  as  far  as  the  river  Str^bidi  (or  Indus)  ^.  j^hffl- 
faraj,  and  Mirkond  agree  nearly  with  this  divifion ;  only  the 
former  throws  in  all  Knrazm  fo  his  lor,  and  adds  Al  Malig  * ; ' 
which  yet  tnay  be  comprifed  within  the  countries  of  the  Vigurs 
and  Khjhgar^  that  is,  Utile  Bukhhtna. 
i.Jagatay  This  prince,  after  the  death  of  his  fether,  chofe  the  dty 
Khan.  of  Bijhh&lek  (in  the  country  of  the  Jgurs)  for  the  place  of  his 
refidence  :  however,  he  lived  almoft  continually  with  his^  bro- 
ther Oltay^  who  loved  and  refpefted  him  as  his  mafter,  akfao' 
younger  than  he.  In  his  abfence  his  dominions  were  governed 
by  Karajar  or  Karajbar  Noyan^  whom  Jenghtz  Khdn^  at  his 
death,,  gave  him  for  his  wazir,  to  prefide  in  his  counfels,  and 
command  his  armies.  This  lord  w^as  one  of  the  moft  powcr- 
ftil  among  tiie  Miingls^  and  the  fifth  great  anceftor,  or  grand- 
father, of  the  fitmous  Ttmir  Bek,  or  Tamerlan  ^. 
^f^^fi  As  the  country  was  governed  with  great  wifdom  and  mode* 

prophet,     ration,  nothing  difturbed  the  peace  of  it  till  the  year  630  ; 
lie).  630. 

'     '         «  La  Croix,  Kid.  Gcngh.  p.  394.  *»  Abu'lchazi 

^        Khan;  hift.  Turks,  &c.  p.  165.  «  D^Herbelot. 

hill,   orient,  art.   Gjagathay,    p.  391.     La  Croix,  ubi  fupnu 
'  D*Herbel.  ubi  fup.  p.  390.    La  Croix,  ubi  fop. 

(A)  'Tis    doubtful    whether  pire  were  dependent  ;tiU,  by  d^- 

Jenghix  Khan  made  any  fuch  grees,  they  (hook  off  their  de- 

diftribution';  but  he,  as  well  as  pendente  on  the  immediate . foe- 

Bmtu  in  Kifjdky  governed  under  cefTors  of  Jenghtz  KhoM  in  the 

Oif/iy,  on  whom     and  his  fuc-  eaftern  parts  *  of  Tartary    and 

♦•efTors,  all  the  parts  of  the  em-  China, 

when 

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Cg.  In  Great  Bukh^ria.  141 

when  MahmAd^  furnamed  Tardhi,  from  Tardi,  a  country 
town  fix  leagues  from  Bokhara,  having,  by  his  falfe  miracles, 
deluded  an  army  of  people,  went  at  the  head  of  them,  and 
took  that  city.  After  this,  he  marched  againft  the  Mungl  ge- 
nerals, who  could  not  venture  to  attack  him  for  a  thick  duft 
with  which  they  were  incommo4ed ;  infomuch  that,  although 
Mabmud  was  flain  by  a  random  arrow-fhot,  in  the  midft  of 
his  camp,  yet  neither  the  enemy,  nor  his  own  foldiers,  knew 
any  thing  of  the  matter.  Mean  time  the  Mungls,  attributing 
this  extraordinary  duft  to  the  impoftor*s  fkill  in  magic  (B),  fled 
for  fear ;  and,  their  (hameful  flight  animating  the  Tarabian 
rebels,  they  purfued  then^,  killing  above  10,000.  At  their 
return,  they  were  furprifed  not  to  find  their  general :  but  be- 
ing told,  by  thofe  who  were  in  the  fecret,  that  he  had  difap- 
peared  for  a  while,  the  credulous  difciples  fet  up  his  brothers 
Mohammed  and  Alt  for  his  lieutenants  in  his  abfence. 

By  this  means  the  flame  fpread,  inftead  of  lofing  ground  ^  Hisfol- 
fo  that  Karajbar  Noyan  (or  Nevian)^  feeing  the  principal  cities  lowers  tx* 
daily  reduced,  at  length  aflembled  the  chief  forces  of  the  eta-f^rmin^ited* 
pire,  in  order  intirely  to  fupprefs  the  rebels.     He  began  with 
the  city  of  Bokhara^  which  had  favoured  them ;  plundered  the 
territory  belonging  to  it,  and  flew  a  great  number  of  the  Inha- 
bitants.    This  obliged  them  to  fue  for  pardon  to  Jagatayy 
whofe  clemency  eafily  granted  it ;  while  his  troops  deftroyed 
the  Tar&biam  without  mercy. 

JJCJTu4Y.Khdnd\Qii  in  the  year  638,  which  anfwers .  to  Jagatay 
the  Mungl  year  of  theC^t/,  or  Out^  that  is,  the  Ox^ :  thus  writes  dies. 
Kondarmr.  But  Jbu'lghdzi  Kh&n  puts  his  death  two  years  later,  Hcj.  63S. 
and  gives  this  account  of  it :  The  khan  had  in  his  court  a    A- 1^- 
forcerer,  who  could  deceive  people's  fight,  fo  as  to  make  them     '^4?« 
think  they  faW  whole  armies  march  before  them.     Jagatayy 
haviqg  had  the  curiofity  once  to  fee  fome  fuch  reprefentation, 
conceived  fo  great  an  averfion  to  the  man,  that,  on  fome  com- 
plaint agaihft  him  ftxortly  after,  he  ordered  him  to  be  caft  into 
prifbh,  botind  hand  and  foot,  where  he  died:  but  the  khan^ 
hiTDSg^  was  feized  not  long,  after  with  an  incurable  difeafe, 
which  carried  him  off.,  * 

Among  a  great  many  wives  and  <5oncubines,  Jagatay  dif-  Wivesand 
dngulihed  two  above  the  reft,  who  were  fifters,  the  daughters  children. 

•  D'Herbel.  ubi  fupra. 

(B)  They  are  infatuated  with    rain,  bail^   and  duft,    may  be 
a  ^opid  notion,. that  {torms  of   raifed  by  incbantment. 


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14^  JcngMz  Kh&nV  Succeffors  B,  IV* 

of  Kaba  N^an,  chief  of  the  tribe  of  Kankrats  (C).  The 
firft,  named  Baffiitun^  bore  him  many  fons,  whcnn  he  loved 
beft  of  all  his  childreEu  The  name  of  the  fccond  was  Tar- 
khAn  Khatun^  whom  he  married  after  the  death  of  the  firft. 
His  foos  "Were  ^even  in  number ;  Mutugan^  Migi^  Baida 
Sh/th,  Saghin^lalga,  Sarmans^  Buffumungd^  and  Baydar^. 
According  to  Kondamir,  the  ddeft  fon  of  Jagatay  Khdn  was 
usaxs^  Manuka,  who  had  throe  Tons,  Sayjfur,  Kara  Hulagk^ 
and  NaRga,  who  fucceeded  each  other.  But  the  fame  author 
hys^  he  had  no  fiicceflbr  who  fucceede^  to  all  his  dominions : 
for  thkt  his  fons,  and  neareft  relations,  divided  his  empire 
among  them ;  and  thofe  who  had  the  longeft  fword,  obtained 
fhe  greateft  fhare  ^  However,  we  are  told  'that  thirty-one 
l^tim^,  who  were  either  his  fons  or  nephews,  reigned  in  xHeis 
country,  caHed,  after  him,  Jagatay. 
a.  Kara  The  fit  ft  of  thefe ,  according  to  La  Croix,  was  Btfimien- 
Hu^kd.  kay  Khin ;  the  fame  doubtlefs  with  the  ^ftffimunga  of  JM'l- 
gh/kd  Khin ;  who  yet  does  not  reckon  Wm  among  the  khins 
of  Jagatay,  placing  KaraHulaM  as  his  immediate  fncceflbr, 
Ckt  die  other  hand,  the  authors  made  ufe  of  by  La  Croix 
fey,  that  Kara  HulaM,  fon  of  Metuka  (D)  (or  Mutagun), 
afccnded  the  throne  after  his  brother  Bijumenkay,  by  the  affift- 
ance  q£  Kara/bar  Noyan,  who  died  during  his  reign,  in  die 
year  1254* 
3.  MuM-  MUBAREKShih,  fon  of  Kara  Hulaki,  fucceeded  ;  but, 
ick  SMfc^  as  he  was  very  youi^  at  his  fether's  deadu,  his  mother  ArgMa 
Khatun  took  the  r^ncy  during  Ids  minority.  La  Croix 
calls  her  Argana  Khatun,  daughter  of  NAr  AIM  Girkhhi,  and 
makes  hst  the  third  fucceflbr  <rf  Jagatay  Khht. 
'4.  AlgA.  I'^fi  fucceflbr  <rf  MubArek  ShlhvTBsAIgd,  fon  of  Baydar^ 
fevtoth  fon  of  Jagatay  Khhn  \  who,  adcnowlc^ng  Koplay  for 
grand  kh4n  of  the  Mungls  in  the  eaft,  had  for  ms  (hare  aU  the 
country  from  the  river  AmA,  boundii^  Ptrjia,  t»  mount  -*tf- 
tay  <•  La  Croix  calls  ti^  khin  NaKgi,  and  lets  him  bcfixe 
Mobdrek  SMh* 
5.  Barak  BARAK,  or  Serrai  Kh&n,  fon  of  Tafmta,  Tins  prince, 
iLhin.  iQ  the  fe^^nd  year  of  hfe  re^,  embraqsd  MohiamunKfin,  and 
took  the  name  of  Gaya'zo'ddhi\  KmmarAr  j&ys,  he  wa$  tiie 
fon  of  Bayjfur,  fon  of  ^Manuka  (pc  Mufagm)   bcfore-mcQ- 

^  Abulcb.  ubi  fop.  p.  166.        f  A»v'L<7H.,obi  fop.  p.  163. 
167.        ^  Id.  ibid.  &D*Hbrbblot.  art.  Bar^  Khan,  p.  183. 

(C)  Kongorats,  as  Others ;  call-        (D)  Called,  by  oibtn^  ifir« 
ed  Hongkila  in  the  Cbintfi  hifto-    wAa.    L4Cfri^.^ 
Tj,  at  has  been  often  obfcrvcd 
licforc, 

tioDCd 


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Cj.  iiir  Great  Bultldina.  ^43 

tioned :  that'  he  was  one  of  the  moft  confiderable  princes  of 
Us  time ;  and  attempted  to  take  Khoraff&n  from  his  coufm 
Ahaka  Kbin^  fon  of  HolaH^  who  rdgned  in  Ir&n^  or  Pirfia 
at  large :  that,  not  fncceedii^  in  his  defign,  he  filmed  his 
arms  againft  Kablay  Khdn,  who  reigned  in  the  eaftem  parts  of 
Tartary  and  Cbma^  where  he  made  g^eat  ravages,  but  was 
forced  to  return  ixdthoat  fubduing  any  one  confiderable  place : 
be  died  in  1260  K  But,  if  fo,  he  could  not  have  had  a  war 
widi  JbUa  Kh&n^  who  did  not  afcend  the  throne  till  1 264  (£)• 

After  BarAk  KhM%  death,  the  dignity  of  khin  was  con-  6.  BqjU 
fenned  on  Bigbiy  fon  of  Sarmans^  fon  of  Jagatay.    La.  Croix  K1imi» 
calls  this  prince  Nikepey^  fon  of  Saryofu 

BUG  A  (prBuia)  Tindr,  great  grandfon  of  iWiu/^f wn,  fuc-  7-  Bagi| 
ocedcd  BeghiKhhi.  Timikr 

DOT  J I  Khhn,  fon  of  BdriA  Khin,  fuccecded  BeghiKiim,  KluUu  ^ 
and  was  iieckoned  a  very  juft  king :  he  b  called  by  La  Croix  \J^^ 
lyavaKMi.  ^■**- 

Re  was  fucceeded  by  his  fon  Kojtja  Kh^^  called  by  La  9.  Koojs 
Croix  Kavenjik  Khhn.  Klwa, 

BALIGA  (or  BaUgff)  who  was  alfo  a  grand&n  of  MAta-  lo.Biliga 
guriy  facceedcd  Konjiu  •  KWbu 

The  fbcceflbr  of  BaUga  in  Great  Bukb&ria  was  ffan  Bu^a^  it.  Ifuk 
feccHid  fon  of  Doyji  Kh^n.    He  was  named  alfo  Amul  Khqja  \  Bu|^ 
and,  on  the  death  of  Hyas  or  EUas  Khoja,  fon  of  Tegl^i  7i-  Khan, 
ift^,  was  invited  by  the  inhabitants  of  K4/hgar,  and  the  reft 
ef  iJttle  BuihAria,  to  take  the  fovereignty  of  that  comitry 
Dpon  him,  as  will  be  related  hereafter. 

ISAN  Buga  KhBn  was  fucceeded  by  his  brother  Dm  ft'  if^Diii 
mir  (left,  we  prefume,  to  rdgn,  up6n  the  other's  removing  to  Timfir 
K^gar).     This  prince  is  called  Dava  Tindr  by  La  Croix  i  Khan, 
who  i^ces,  between  him  and  BaligAy  three  kMns,  namdy, 
t.  jfSnfvka^  fon  oi Dava  {or  Doyfi)  kb^n;  2,  Kepek  Kb^y 
.^.  Elchi  Keiay  Khikn^  fon  of  Dava  Kh&n  ^. 

DUl  Tfmir  had  for  his  fuceeffor  his  brother  Tarmafbir  %  \%.  Tar* 
who  reftored  ^  Mohamrnedifm^  which,  from  the  time  of  Bar^k  mafliit 
iQM»,  haU  fo  declined  in  Creat  Bukhdria,  that  fcarce  any  ^^^ 
footfteps  of  it  remained.     This  khan  was  flain  by  his  brother 
Butdn  Kh&ty  who  afterwards  feized  the  throne.     Th&Perfian 
MftDiians,  who  name  this  prince  Turma/hirin,  make  mm  the 

^  D^HsaBBU  ttbi  lap.  p.  391,    LaC^oix,  ixbi  fop^  ^*395r 
^  ABtr*LCH.  Sc  La  Ckoix,  nbi  Tap. 

(£)    Poffibty  this   date  is  a    the  reign  Cf{  Atoka  Kii»,  in  die. 
Jteiftake  for  1 270.  See  hereafter    line  of  Hukku. 

I  fixteenth     - 


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144  Jcnghtz  Khan'j  Succejors  B.  IV, 

fixteenth  khan,  and  place  his  death  ia  1336:  they  fayalfo, 
that  he  was  much  feared  by  his  neighbours  \. 
14.  Butan      BUT  AN  Khdn  \sras  fucceeded  by  his  nephew 
Khan.  JANG  SHI,  fon  of  Ulugan,  brother  of  Butan  Khhn.   The 

flu  Kh"^'  ^^'^^^^^  ^f  ^^  prince,  named  Tafun  TJmur,  ambitious  of  the 
*"•  throne,  formed  a  defign  to  make  him^  away :  but  their  mo- 
ther, fufpefting  his  defign,  advifed  Jangshi  to  be  on  his  guard. 
Hereupon  the  khan  immediately  took  the  field  againft  his  bro- 
ther ;  but  had'  the  misfortune  to  lofe  the  battle,  with  his  life. 
La  Croix  calls  this  prince  Jinkejbi,  and  makes  him  the  imme- 
diate fucceflbr  of  Turmejhirin  Khhn. 

16.  Yafun  TASUN  Timur;  having  thus  by  force  afcended  the  throne, 
Timur.     to  be  revenged  on  his  mother  for  difcovering  his  confpiracy  to 

his  brother,  like  another  Nero,  caufed  her  belly  to  be  ripped 
up.    La  Croix  calls  him  Bi/tin  Timur  Kh&n,  fon  of  Abuken, 

17.  AH  .  During  the  reign  of  Tafun  Timir^  Alt  Soltdn,  a  prince 
Soltan  of  the  poflerity  of  Ugaday,  or  Oitay,  became  fo  formidable. 
Khan.      \]^^  neither  the  khan,  nor  the  other  princes  defcended  from 

Jagatay,  were  able  to  make  head  againft  him ;  fo  that,  after 
the  death  of  Tafun  Timir^  he  brought  Great  Bukharia  under 
his  fubjeftion.      La  Croi;c  makes  Alt  Solthn  the  nineteenth 
khan. 
I  S.Kazan      After  the  death  of  AH  Solt&n  Kh&n^  Kazan  Soltdn  re- 
Khan,       entered  into  pofTeflion  of  the  dominions  belonging  to    the 
houfe  of  Jagatay  Khdm    This  prince  was  the  fon  of  Jafur 
(or  Jafur  Aglen),  fon  of  Urek  Tim&r  Khdn,  fon  of  Kutugay, 
fon  of  Bofay,  fon  of  Mutugan,  fon  of  Jagatay :  fo  that  there 
were,  in  all,  fixteen  khins  of  this  laft  prince's  pofterity  (F), 
who  reigned,  uithout  interruption,  109  years  over  the  pro- 
vinces of  MawaraHnahr  (or  Great  Bukharia).     After  them 
there  were  indeed  other  khans  in  that  country :  but  they  were 
fuch  as  only  bore   the  name  of  khan,  without  having  the 
power  :  each  head  of  a  tribe  affumihg  the  liberty  of  doing 
what  he  pleafed,  and  obeying  the  khan  no  farther  than  he 
thought  fit",  .  ,  ^ 

Hcj.  733.   '  SOLTAN  KazAn  began  his  reign  in  the  year  733  :  but 
A.  D.     was  very  cruel ;.  and  fo  tyrannical,  diat,  when  he  fent  for  the 
1 33 2*     princes  his  dependents  to  court  on  any  occafion,  they  com** 
Death  ami  monly  made  their  wills  before  they  went.    Hereupon  Mir  Kd- 

'  Abu'lgh.  &  De  la  Croix,  ubi  fupra.  Hift.  .Timur  BBk, 
VoL  I.  p.  18.  «  Abu'lgh.  ubi  fup.  p.  168,  &fcq. 

(F)  The  Perjtan  hiftorians  only  the  eighteenth,  and  the  fix- 
make  him  the  twenty-iirft  khan  teenth  of  thofe  who  defcended 
ol  Jagatt^  i    Aiu'/^hdzi  Khan    from  Jagatay  Khan. 

ftagao. 


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C.  3;  Ik  6rcat  Bukhdri*;  14^ 

^agan,  one  of  the  moft  conflderable  princes  of  his  time,  in 
Conjunftion  with  others,  took  up  arms  againft  him  ;  but  were 
defeated  in  746,  and  their  Jeader  wounded  in  the  eye  with  an  Hej.  746, 
arrow  by  Katdn  himfelf ;  fo  that  he  not  only  loft  that  eye,  but    A-  ^^ 
was  wholly  blinded  for  a  long  time  after.     The  grand  khan    '345- 
hereupon  returned  to  Kar/bi;  where  he  had  the  misfortune  to 
lofe  fo  many  horfes  by  the  feverity  of  the  winter,  that  almoft 
all  his  cavalry  was  reduced  to  march  on  foot.     MirKazagan, 
who  had  advice  of  this,  without  lofs  of  time  went  and  at-* 
tacked  the  khan ;  who  was  flain  in  the  battle,  in  the  year  747. 

After  Kazdn  Khdn's  death,  Mtr  K&zagan  fet  on  the  throne  '9*  pafli- 
a  prince  of  the  race  of  Oktay  Khhn,  called  DAjbmenja  Aglen  ^^^J* 
(G) :  but  foon  after  put  him  to  death,  and  at  length  advanced  ''^"•'*- 
to  the  dignity  of  grand  khan  Bay  an  Kuli^  fon  of  Sorg&di^  fon  'o.Bayau 
of  Dava  (or  Doyji)  Khan  (H).     This  prince  Was  efteemed  for  ^"!? 
his  juftice  and  liberality ;  while  Mtr  Kazagan^  who  took  on  ^*^"*» 
him  the  government  of  the  kingdom,  acquitted  himfelf  to  the 
fatisfaftion  of  every-body,  and  his  own  glory.    After  his  death, 
which  happened  by  the  hands  of  his  lon-in-law,  on  occafioil 
of  feme  affi-ont,  in  759,  he  was  fucceeded  by  his  fon  Mirza  ^^i'7S9* 
AbdoUabf  who  confirmed  Bey  At  Kuli  Kh&n  in  Ws  dignity :  but    ^  ^* 
foon  after  caufed  him  to  be  aflaffinated,  to  obtain  the  emprefs,    '357^ 
with  whom  he  fell  in  love  (I) ;  and  placed  Ttmir  Sh&h  Agkn 
on  the  throne. 

riMUR  Sh&h  Khin  was  fon  of  Bif4n  (or  rafun)  Timir  ^'7^^^ 
Kbdn,  fon  of  Ulagany  fon  of  Doyji  KhBn.     But  he  did  not  |.V^ 
long  enjoy  his  dignity  :  for  the  princes,  fliockel  at  Abdollah'^  •*^™"^ 
proceeding,  made  war  upon  him  ;  routed  his  forces ;  and, 

(G)  Hescarfen,  a  modem  Turk-  account  ^^trX^ySbarifo^diinAJt^ 

ijb  author,  calls  him  Z>M^OT^Vi  author  of  7V«r«r  Be1C%  hiftory* 

Kban^  fon  of  Ifiir  Aglen,  accord-  cannot  well  fail  of  being  the 

ing  to  a  note  in  the  hiftory  of  truth  in  thefe  two  particulars, 

Pindar  Bek^    tranflated   by    La  we  have  therefore    chofen  to 

Crmx\  which  (hews,  that  the  follow  him. 
hft  given  by  him,  in  his  h^ftory        (H)  According  to  Ahfflgbaxi 

of  JengMx  Khan^  is  taken  from  Kbdn^  he  was  fon  of  ^urga^  fott 

Hexarfem  hut  AiiPIgbatii  Kban,  of  Dax;i  Kbdn,    fon  of  Bsrrak 

inftead   of    Danijhmanja,    nuts  Kbdn^  the  fifth  of  thofe  before* 

AaurKasuiganh\mk\ii2XiA\2iys^  mentioned, 
he  was  the  fon  of  Danijbmanjay        (I)  According  to  Ahitlgbazi 

fon  of  Kiyduy  fon  of  Kajhi,  fon  Khdn^  p.  170,  Beydn  Kuli  Khan 

of  Ugaday   (or  Oktay)  ^   fon  of  had  him  (lainy  on  fufpicion  of 

Jenpnx  Kbdn,     He  fays  like-  having  a  criminal  correfpond* 

wjie,  that  he  was  flain  after  a  ence  with  his  wife :  but  Sbarif^ 

fwo  years  reign ;    nor   was  it  oV^tf  A/if  our  author^  11  mort 

{known  by  wh  m.  ^  But,  as  the  to  be  relied  on. 

Mod.  Hist.  Vol.  V.  K  having 

I  Digitized  by  CjOOQIC 


44^  JtriQhU  Klmi' s  Succejfors  B^IV;, 

having  t^n  his  brothers,  with  the  khan,  put  them  all  tQ 
death ".     La  Croix  makes  him  the  twenty-fom-th  khan  ;   and^ 
in  another  place,  fays,  the  lords  ufarped  his  authority,  be- 
caufe  he  was  very  weak  in  his  undeyrAanding  ^ :  hut  the  ufurp- 
ation  did  not  begin  in  his  reign. 
22.  Adel       JDEL  Soltin  Khan  fucceeded  Ttmir  Skah  j  and  was  the 
SoUan       fon  of  Mohammed  Piilad,  fon  of  Konza  Khan,    fon  of  Doyjt 
Khan.       Kbdn.     According  to  Jb0ghazi  Khutiy  tvvo  heads  of  tribes, 
.Amir  Tim&r^  znd  Amtr  Huffhyr}^  nephew  of  Jbd^Uahy  fon  of 
Jnur  Kazagojif.  feized  the  khan  ;  and,  binding  him  hand  and 
foot,  drowned  him  p.    It  muft  be  cfcierved,  that  this  author 
is  a  great  enemy  to  thefe  princes,  efpecially  T{?nnr,  for  talking 
the  power  from  the  defcekdants  of  JenghH  Khtn.   However, 
'    *tis  Ukely  the  khan  was  made  away  With  by  Huffayn  .';  for  there 
is  no  mention  at  all  of  Mm»  in  ,the  hiftory  of  ^mur  Sek^  by 
Sharif o'ddtn  Ali,  excepting  occafionally  ;  where  it  is  faid,  in 
,    fyeaking  of  his  fervices  done  to  Hujf^yn^  that  the  khan  Adef 
Sohdn  having  fled  from  Hidfayn^  of  whom  he  was  jealous, 
altho'  he  haa  raifed  him  to  m&  throne,  Tiinur  even  pyrfued, 
and  feized  hioa,  after  fome  refiftance,  and  fent  him  to   that 
prince  ^'^     La  Croix  places  Togal  TimAr^   and  his  fon  Elias 
Khoja  (khans  of  K^gar),  between  Timur  Shdh  and  Jd^l  Sol* 
tMf  whom  he  makes  the  twenty-fixth  Idian  ^ 
23. Kabul      KABUL  Soltdn  Kh^n;  fon  6f.  Dorji,  ton  of  IlJaHay,  Ion 
S<rkan       of  Doyji  Khdn,  was,   after  the  death  of  Jdd  Soltdn  Khan, 
Khan.       eftabliflied  in  his  room  by  the  mo  lords  above-mentJoned  ; 
who,  in  his  reigp,  feized  the  cit^of  B4l^,  and  flew  the  Jchan*. 
Hej.  765.  This  happened  m  the  year  765,  according  to  SharifoWin  Alt ; 
A.  D.     who,  without  mentioning  any  thing  of  Jdei  Soltdn  Khan,  fays, 
^S^S-     that,  after  the  defeat  erf"  the  Cjetesi,  the  princes  of  Great  But* 
h&ria  aiming  at  independency,  Timur  and  HtiJ[ayn,  to  pre- 
vent things  running  into  conf^flon,  fqund  it  necef&ry  to  efcft 
a.  grand  khan :  whereupon  .^ii^/iS^^ifr^Z?/}  was  prQ$>Qfed»  asKi 
chofen  in  a  general  affonbly  ^ 
24.  Soy.       After  the  d^th  of  Kah^lSok^  Kh&n^  Soyruk  TamiJhvroA^ 
ruktamilh  advanced  to  the  dignity  of  khan.     He  was  thofon  of  Dam/b- 
KJian.       manja,  fon  of  Kaydu,  fon  of  Kajhiy  fon  of  Vgaday  or  OHaj 
Khan  "•     La  Croix  calls  him  Siorgatmijh  Agkn,  fon  of  Da- 
mjhmend\.  and  fays,  Tii^M^r  gave  him  the  empty  title  of  khan» 

*  Sharxfo'b.  Kid.  Tim.  B«k,  eh.  1,  a.  p.  4.  14,  &  feq, 
•  Hift.  Qengh.  p.  396.  p  Abiu'lgh.  abifup.  p.  171.  "iHilL 
Tim.  1.  i.  c.  26.  p.  1 18,  &  feq^     .  ^  Hiil.  Gengh.  p.  J96. 

«  Abo'lch.  ubifnp.  p.  t'jx.        }  {iift.  TtM.  B^x^,  1.  i.  c.  lu 
p.  53.        ^  Abu'lgh.  ubi  flip,  p.  171.V 

wkhoitf 


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C  4^  In  Uttk  BukhirJa;  -  147 

%rbhcWt  tsk^tig  Mm  the  leaft  part  of  the  power '^.  JHfe  was 
i&ade1cha6  ift  13^  by  TmtAr\  who,  after  HuJfayrCs  death, 
orctered  tke  khin,  KaMShdh  ^rSx^ft^),  made  by  that  prince^ 
to  -be  fl^n  *.  Sicrgatndjb  reigned  nineteen  years,  dying  at 
3<^iBfv^  hi  tf^eyesir  1388,  while  Twwi^r  was  in  his  march  to 
fytaam  He  was  buried  at  KJJb,  uiidcr  a  monument  which 
b6  had  ««6ted  himfelfi  Tm^r,  us  foon  as  he  returned  to 
S^maf^kakt^  4eflsiMi(ked  feltfth  MahmM,  the  late  ^an's  fon,  in 
his  father's  placed. 

MA-MMUD  khdH:  whofe  name  T?wrfr  caufed  to  be  writ-  25.  Mah^' 
t«a  on  %he  top  of  his  orders  ;  to  make  the  people  believe  that  ^^^  SoU 
kc  -obfer^dl  *6tew&  of  Jenghtz  fChdn^,   that  is,  in  acknow-  ^  ^l^^*, 
teging  x>fte  ^  his  <kfcendajits  for  khan.     This  titular  prii^ce 
i^aw&l  ^ftnaH^  ItL  his  expeditions,  particularly  that  againft 
Bayetii"^  dirfi  w^s  cften  fent  to  make  inroads  into  the  Othnan 
te^lttijtes^  ifi  one  of  which  he  died,  in   1402,  near  Kattala 
ift  AnaMid  (K),  where  he  wiis  feized  with  a  violent  diftem- 
pcr*. 

La  ^c^  adds  another  khan,'  as   the  thirty- fifl:,   whom  f^jg  j^^^„i 
he  nimes  fumen  Kotktk  Agkn ;  aiid  fays,  he  was  crowned  hvfufpreftd* 
ThrUh-^  \xi  f  690  :  which  cotrM  iiot  be,  fince  Mahm^d  livei 
f#ehe  ^e^rs  afifer.     This,  thcrrfbnef,  is  the  laft  of  the  khani 
df  thfe  liace  of  JmghH  KMn,-  'W^ho  reigned  in  the  empire  of. 
fMgatay ;  for,  after  Twmr's  death,  the  dignity  6f  khan  was 
fy[pppeRkd  by  his  futcfeflbrs,  who  governed  in  their  own  name^i 
6^  fottflded  ft  new  dyna%. 

C  H  A  P.    IV. 
Itbi  Hiftory  of  Little  Bukhari^ 

Of  the  pefiendants  of  Jagatay  Khan,  wbif  reigned  in 

'  Little  Bukharia. 

A  LTHO'  J&gatay  iShctn  had  to  his  fhai*  both  the  BukhA'^ 
■"  rias ;  jTftt,  after  his  de^k,  the  empire,  as  hath  been  al* 
xe^y  mcnponcd,  became  divided  among  the  princes  of  his  fa- 
miy,  every  qne  feizing  a  part,  according  to  his  power.  'TiJs 
likely,  therefore,  that  Uttk  Bukharia  feparated  very  early  froni 
the  Gr^aier ;  and  had  a  fucceffion  of  khans,  till  about  the  be- 
£liuu^  of  the  fourteenth  centvrry :  when,  by  fome  means  or 

^  Hift.  Gef^.  p.  396.  «  Kift.  Tm.  EekJ  p.  124.  128, 

y  Idem,  p.  316.'        »  Idem  ibid.      *  Idem,  1.  v.  c.  54.  p.  270. 

(K)  Ahulghdzd Khdn^ip.  175^  to  death:  b^t  neither  fecms  td 

fays,  Timur  put  both  Mohammed  be  the  faft^ 
^or  Makmud)  Khan  and  Bayezid 

V  K  i                           other. 


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148  Jcnghlz  Khan' J  SucceJJors.  5-  IV. 

other,  not  mentioned  by  the  authors  yet  come  to  hand,  the 
line  happened  to  fail.    On  this  occafion,  therefore,  we  are  told 
by  a  Tartarian  author,  that  the  inhabitants  of  the  dtics  of 
Kaft'gar  and  Tarkian,  and  of  the  countries  of  j^latahh  and 
the  Vigurs  (or  Igurs\    finding  none  of  Jagatay*%  poflerity 
among  them,  who  was  capable  of  filling  the  vacant  throng 
faw  themfelves  under  a  neceiSty  to  call  in  Amul  Khoja^  who 
then  reigned  in  Great  Bukharia^  under  the  name  of  Jfan  Boga 
Khhi\ 
ti  Amul       This  prince,  who  was  the  fon  of  Doyji  Kh&n  (and  eleventh 
khoja       in  that  fucceflion),  having  no  children  by  his  wife  Satil  7i- 
lUian.       mijh,  got  a  flave  of  his,  called  Manlaghi^  with  child.     Here- 
upon Satil  Tamijhy  being  incenfed,  one  day,  when  the  khan 
was  gone  a  hunting,  gave  her  in  marriage  to  a  Mungl  chirf, 
tiamed  Shiragol^  and  obliged  him  to  carry  her  with  him  into 
his  own  counuy.     Amul  Khoja,  at  his  return,  wa?  informed 
of  what  had  been  done  ;  but,  not  caring  to  have.^y  words 
with  his  wife,  feemed  to  take  no  notice  of  it.     Some. time 
after  this  he  died;  and,  as  he  left  no  ilTue,  the  ftate  be- 
came rent   in  pieces  by  the  different  faftions.     In  this  ex- 
-   *-    faremity  Afitir  Talawji,  one  of  the  principal  lords  of  K^Jhgar^ 
fent  Tajh  Tim^r  in  queft  of  Manfaghi ;  whom  at  length  he 
found,  with  her  fon,  called  Togalai  (or  Togluk),  playing  with 
his  brother-in-law.     After  this,  watching  his  opportunity,  he 
carried  off  the  boy ;  who,  on  his  arrival  at  K^gar,  was  im- 
mediately proclaimed  khan  by  Amir  Talawji,  under  the  name 
Hej.  748.  of  Togalak  Timt^r  Khan.     (This  happened  about  the  year 
A.  D.      748.)  r 

1 347-  A  GREAT  part  of  this  khan's  reign  was  fpent  in  fuppreffing 

^'^r^^l   ^^^  faftions  which  oppofed  him  in  the  countries  above-men- 
UkTimur  ti^Qed  :  but,  when  he  had  fettled  his  affairs  there,  he  entered 
^*       ^th  a  powerful  army  into  Great  BuMria,  and  brought  that 
province  alfo  under  his  obedience  (A).     Then,  leaving  his  fon 
MJias  Khoja  to  govern  in  Samarkant,  he  returned  to  die  city  cf 
of  Kafhgar^  where  (about  two  years  after)  he  died. 
.    TOGALAK  Timur  was  the  firft  defcended  from  JengJAz 
,  Kh^tiy  reigning  in  Kajh^ar,  who  embraced  the  Mohammedan 

religion.  As  he  was  one  day  hunting,  he  obferved  fevenal  fo- 
reign merchants  in  the  place  which  he  had  pitched  on  for 
aficmbling  the  game,  contrary  to  his  expre(s  proclamation. 

•  Acu'lch.  hift. "Turks,  kz.  p.  176. 

(A)  This  was  about  the  year    at  large  hereafter,  in  the  hiflor/ 
pf  the  Hejrah  762,    of  Chriji    of  f/Wr  Bek,  or  Tamerian. 
1 360  J  and  will  be  related  more 

Hereupon 

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C.  4:  In  Litflc  Bukhlria. '  149 

Hereupon,  in  a  paffion,  he  ordered  them  tobe  brought  bound 

befcMre  him ;  and  afked,  how  they  came  to  infringe  his  laws  ? 

Sheykh  SamaJo*ddiny  who  was  among  them,  anfwered,  that 

they  were  ignorant  of  any  fuch  prohibition,  as  being  ftrangers 

ifrom   the  country  of  Kaitak.     The  khan  replied,  It  is  like 

you  are  Tajiks,  and^  con/equently^    worfe  than  dogs.     If  ive 

'were  not  true  believers^  rejoined  the  flieykh,  there  'would  be 

grounds  for  making  no  more  account  of  us  than  dogs  :  becaufe^ 

in  that  cafe^  notwithjianding  the  reafon  we  arc  cjidowed  with, 

we  fbould  yet  be  lefs  reafonable  than  beajls  **. 

This  anfwer  having  touched  the  khan*s  heart,  at  his  return  TuntsMo- 
from  the  chace  he  fent  for  the  fheykh,  and,  in  private,  faid  hammed- 
JO  him,  U^hat  is  your  religion,  that  you  durji  make  me  fuch  an  an  ; 
anfwer  a  while  ago?  The  fheykh,  upon  this,  explained  the 
articles  of  th^  Mohammedan  faith :  wherewith  Togalah  TimAr 
was  fo  fully  i:pnvinc§d  of  its  truth,  that  he  ordered  him  to 
repair,  at  a  proper  feafon,  to  concert  the  means  for  eftablifh- 
ing  it  in  his  don^nions.  The  /heykh  dying  foon  aft«r  his 
return  home,  his  fon  ftieykh  Rafhtdo'ddin,  purfuant  to  his  fa- 
ther's orders,  repaired  to  Ktifbgar:  byt,  not  bei«gable  to  get 
accefs  tp  the  khan,  he  w^nt  on^  morning  to  a  hill  near  the 
caftle,  where  he  faid  his  prayers  fo  Ipud,  that  he  awaked  To- 
galak  Timur ;  who  thereupon  fen^  to  him,  to  knpw  the  reafon 
why  he  bawled  fo  dreadfully.  The  fheykh  lakirig  this  oppor*- 
eunity  to  execute  his  (^DmmifTion,  that  prinipe  would  no  longer 
^efer  embracing  Mohammedifm.  All  the  lords  of  his  court  <u'/M  all 
followed  his  example,  excepting  pne ;  whp,  ftanding  forth,  hisfuhjeSls. 
offered  to  put  his  converfion  on  this  ifEie ;  There  is,  faid  he, 
among  our  people,  a  man  endowed  with  extraordinary  gifts  :  now, 
if  the  fheykh  will  venture  a  fall  with  this  perfon,  and  throws  him, 
I  will  embrace  his  religion ;  otherwife  Iwillndt.  The  khan  was 
unwilling  to  permit  fuch  a  trial  of  flcill ;  but,  the  fheykh  prefP 
ing  for  liberty  to  accept  of  the  challenge,  he  at  Jength  con^. 
fented.  Rajhtdg'ddin  hereupon  advancing  up  to  the  Mimgl, 
-with  on€  back-flroke  of  his  hand  on  the  ftomach,  laid  him 
Alt  on  th(?  floor,  wh^re  for  a  good  while  he  remained  motion- 
Ids.  At  length,  getting  up,  he  fell  at  the  fheykh 's  feet,  and 
cleclared  h^  was  ready  to  bqconic  ^  Moflem  (B).  The  lord, 
-Who  had  jH-opqfed  this  t^ft,  did  the  fame  :  and  all  the  Mungls 

*  Apui.oH.  uhi  fup.  p.  177,  &  k<\. 

(B)  All  this  might  have  bec.n*  the  reft   of   his  fubjc^s  5   for, 

^  politic  contrivance  of  the  khan»  otherwife,  it  was  a  foolifh  and 

^]ie  better  to  confirm,  and  bring  precarious  way  of  proving  the 

^iwal,  this  great  change  with  truth  of  any  thing. 

i  who 

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i5Cf  JcBgMfe  KhSafiV  Arr^^e^r/  ,  B.IV. 

Vho  Were  fubjeft  to  Togalak  Tirmr  Khdn^  to  the  number  o^ 
^     l!6o,Qoo,  followed  their  example. 
%.  Ilyas         Aui^TaJaavJl,  who  was  inftrumcntal'  m  the  khan*s  ad- 
Khoja       vancement,  happening  to  die,  Togalak  conferred  on  anur  Khu- 
Khan.       daydat^  tho'  but  feven  years  old,  all  his  father's  empjoyments. 
Hereupon  Kamro'ddtn^  the  youngeft  of  the   amir's  five  pa- 
ternal uncle>,  defired  that  he  might  officiate  for  his  ne|fliew 
till  he  came  of  age.     This  requdl  the  khan  not  thinking  pro- 
per to  graat,  Kamro'ddiriy  who  was  very  ambitious,  as  well  as 
powerful,  conceived  a  mortal  hatred  againft  him ;  yet  cpn-  ^ 
ccaled  it  during  his  life  :  but,  after  his  death,  revolted  againft 
lis  fon  Ilyas  Khoja  (or  Elias  Koja)y  who  fucceeded  in  the  throne 
of  KdJbgar\Q),  and  caufed  him,  with  all  his  family,   to  the 
number  of  eighteen  perfons,  to  be  alTaflinated ;  then,  feizing 
the  government,  gave  the  people  liberty,  by  proclamation,  to 
kill  any  of  Togalak  Timor's  kindred,  who  were  to  be  found. 
This  khan  was  bom  in  the  year  730(1329) ;  came  to  the  crown 
at  the  age  of  eighteen  (that  is,  in  1347) ;  and  died  at  the  age 
of  thirty-four  ^r  in  J362). 
'4.  Kamr-      At  the  time  of  Kdmro'ddin's  revolt,  J^ir  Jga  Khatiriy  one 
o'ddin       <rf  Togalak'%  wives,  being  delivered   of  a  fon   named  Kezra 
fifurfs^       IKhcjah ;  to  fecure  him  from  the  tyrant,  truftcd  him  to  the 
care  of  amir  Khudaydaiy  who  never  could  be  prevailed  on  by 
his  uncle  to  deliver  up  the  young  prince ;  and,  war  breaking 
out  afterwards  between  amir  Timur  (who  reigned  in  Mawa^ 
roHnahrj  now  Grectt  Bukhdria)^  and  the  ufnrper,  Khudaydat 
took  that  opportunity  to  fend  him,  under  a  trufty  guard,  to 
the  mountains  of  BadhgsMriy  where  the  jafpcr  is  found.    This 
war  was  carried  on  for  fome  years  with  much  fury  /  and  fiich 
equality,  that,  after  five:  bloody  battles,  it  feemed  doubtful 
which  would  in  the  end  get  the  advantage.     At  length  Ttmur 
advancing  with  a  powerful  army,  at  a  time  when  Kamro'ddtn 
fell  fick,  the  troops  of  Kajhgar,  deflitute  of  a.  chief,  betook 
themfelvcs  to  flight,  not  daring  to  wait  for  the  enemy.     As  for 
Kamro'ddtn^  he  was,  in  this  confufion,  carried,  for  fccurity,, 
into  certain  defarts  to  the  eaft  of  the  capital  city :  but,  aftec 
the  retreat  of  Timor's  army,  he  never  could  be  found  (D) ; 
altho*  a  great  while  after  his  fubjeft§  underftood,  that  he  re- 

(C)  Sec  inore  of  thief  prince  ^375,  or  1385.    Sec  hift.  Tim. 

in  the  hiftory   previous  to   ^he  I  ek,  1.  ii.  c.  19.  p.  176,  &c.4«. 

reign  of  : hJi'  Bek.  p.  235  ;  alfo  tbercugo^Oif  Turfr 

(I))  It  does  not  appear  whena  hereafter. 


|his  happened,  po^bly.   about 


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C.4-  In  Little  BukBaria;  151 

fided  with  one  Makk  Jjdn  (E),  a  man  <rf  whom  yet  nothing 
isJuiown. 

Amir  Khud^dai  (P),  laying   hold  of  this    opportunity,  5.  Kczra 
brought  back  Kezra  Khaja  from  his  oblcurc  retreat,  and  caufed  &hoJ4 
him  to  bepcodaimcd  khan,  with  the  ufiial  folemnides.     This  KhaiL 
prince  reigned  thirty  years  over  the  count/y  of  K^fhgar ;  and 
all  thofe  who  have  fince  poflerfed  that  throne,  have  been  of 
his  pofterity  ^.     We  know  i^ry  little  of  the  aftions  of  this 
prince,  excepting  what  \^e  find  in  the  hiftory  of  Ttmur  Bei, 
*  who  made  war  on  him  in  1:339,  ravaged  his  country,  and  ca- 
jMtal  city  Jymal  G^d ;  purfiied'him,  on  one  fide,  beyond  the 
river  Irtijb^  and,  on*  the  other^  to  Talduz  (or  Talis)  and  Karo 
kdja  (or  Aramutby  nau-  Khamily  in  IJttti  BukhAria)  ;  in  ftiort, 
drove  him  out  o^Jetah.    Next  year  he  made  another  expedi- 
tion into   the  lame  country;    and,  at  Jl  MaUg^  hearing  oi 
Kamro*ddiny  followed  him-  beycmd  the  Irtijb^  driving  him  into 
tfte  woods  towards  Tawlai  •*. 

This  is  aU  the  account  we  can  find  relating  to  thife  branch  ^uccrjpw 
of  JagcLtay  Khin,  excepting  a  few  fcattered  particulars  Among  '^^i^* 
thereft»  McAanud vf^)d[^n oS  the  kingdonisof  Kd/hgarond 
Chalis  (that  is,  of  Little  Bukhiria)y  in.  1603^  when  Goes  the 
Jefuit  travelled  thro'  the  country,  in  his  way  to  China]  fo  that, 
by  the  foregoing  authority  of  JhuHghAzi  Khhn\  he  mull  have 
been  defcendisd  from  kezra  KhtjOy  zs  well  as  the  khin,  who 
reigned  ia  1665,  when  that  prince  finilhcd  his  hiftory :  but 
dghtecni  years  after,  vi%.  in  "i^'^y  Little  BMitria  was  fub^ 
dB»?d  by  the  Eluths^  or  Kabnslks,  as  hath  teen  before  re* 
latcd*. 

*  Abv*lgr.  ublfup.  p.  179,  &fcqq.  *  Hift.  Tim.  Bik, 

I.  ii.  c.  J.  p*  3^5.  M  c.  9.  p.  345.  .'  S^  before,  p.  99* 

\ 

(E^  It  appears  from  the  fame  found.     Sec  hereafter,  in  the 

hiffoijr  of  fitrjir  Bek^  1.  iii.  C.  Q.  reign  of  Timur. 

p.  346*  ihat    he  wa$  living  m  (F)    Or  Khudadady   a   name 

r390,    at  which  time  he  fled  common    among  the  MungU: 

acrofs  the Irtr/j,  towards  the  dty  Timur  had  a  general  or  two  of 

of  Tam.las,    into    the   woods,  the  fame  name, 
wliere  fables   and   ermins  ar^ 


K  4  B  O  O  K 

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152  Jcnghlz  KWb*/  Succeffm  B,  V, 

B  O  O  K    V. 

Hifiory  of  the  Defc^ninnts  ^  Jcnghiz  Kh^n,  nvha 
reigned  in  Jr^n,  or  rcrfia  at  l^irge. 

C  H  A  P.    I. 
^bt  Reign  of  HuligA  Khin. 

Wtftem  T^ROM  the  death  of  Jenghtz  Kh&n^  which  happened  in 
t^ejition,  r{  62$  of  the  Hejrabf  of  Chrifi  1227,  the  country  of 
•^  Irin  (or  Perfia  at  large),  with  the  neighbouring  coon-i 
tries  which  he  had  conquered,  were  governed  by  officers  ap« 
pointed  by  his  fucceflbrs,  who  reigned  at  Karakorom,  in  the 
eaftem  parts  of  Tartary^  till  the  year  651 ;  when  Mangu  (A), 
fourth  khan  of  the  Mungls,  with  a  dcTign  to  extend  his  emn 
pirc,  raifed  three  great  armies  :  one  of  them  was  fent  towards 
/iindujidn,  or  India  ;  the  fecond  to  Kor^a ;  and  the  third  into 
sff/d^Ha-  Irdn.  This  laft,  which  was  the  moft  confidera6le  of  the  three, 
*^^'  the  khan  intrufted  to  the  conduft  of  his  brother  Huldg^y  who 
had  a  general  under  him  of  great  learning  and  experience, 
palled  Aokin,  This  army,  in  the  Chinefe  hiftory,  is  (aid  to 
have  been  defigned  againft  the  khalifah  of  Bdgl^Sd*;  wherc-> 
as,  according  to  the  Perfian  hiftorians,  the  khalifah  was  at- 
tacked by  the  perfuafion  of  a  famous  Perfian  aftronomer.  Pofn 
fibly  it  had  no  particular  defUnation  :  but  was  (ent  in  general 
to  make  &rther  conquefts,  and  keep  the  countries  already  fub- 
dued  more  in  fubjeftion  ;  by  the  prefence  of  great  forces,  and 
a  prince  of  the  blood,  who  was  to  unite  the  whole  under  one 
government. 

We  have  already  given  fome  account  of  this  expedition  rf 
fful^i  from  the  TAi/i^  hiftorians  ** ;  who,  having  had  very 
impcrfeft  and  confufed  informations  of  the  affairs  of  the  weft's 
ern  parts  of  the  Mungl  empire,  we  ftiallmake  no  ufeof  them 
here ;  but  follow  thofc  who  IJved  on  the  fpot,  or  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  the  countries  which  were  the  fcenes  of  aftion. 
fnttrs  '  HUL/IG  U  (B),  the  fqn  of  TuH  Khdn,  fourdi  fon  of  JengMz 
Iran.         Khdf^,  was  furhamed  II  Khan  ;  from  whence  his  pofterity  took 

»  Gavbii*,  hiil.de  Gengh.  p.  113.  136.  .  *>  Sec  before, 

Vol.  IV.  1.  iii.  c.  4. 

(A)    In  the  Chhefe  hiftory,        (B)  Called  alfo  HaliA^  toA 
named  Mengko^  which  feems  to    Huldg^, 


be  the  Chini^fii  pronunciation. 


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C  xJ  In  Ir^,  ^  Perfia  at  large i>  153 

thetitleof//iAtfmtf;2/S  This  prince  crofled  the  7iW«  In  the  year  A.  D, 
653,  to  enter  Irdn.  He  was  accompanied  by  his  brother  Sontay  1 255- 
Ogul^  and  feveral  great  lords  from  clivers  parts.  He  carried  with 
hun  alfo  his  eldeft  fon  Jb&ka^  and  anothei  called  Tajimun  *,  with 
his  wives  Dukuz  Khatin^  a  Chriftian  lady,  and  At  Jay  KhaHn. 
In  the  ninth  of  Shaahan  652,  arriidng  before  Samarkant,  he  en- 
camped there,  and  loft  his  brother  Sontay  OguL  Soon  after  amir 
Argun  (made  governor  of  the  countries  to  the  foxith  of,  the 
Jihun  in  650  (C)  came  to  wait  on  him,  with  feveral  lords  of 
that  province**.  The  firft  thing  Hulakii  did,  after  examining 
into  the  ftate  of  the  country,  was,  to  purge  it  of  the  Ifmad" 
urns,  who  had  for  a  long  time  committed  great  diforders 
there. 

These  Jfmaehans  were  certain  princes,  who  reigned  ovtv  AJf^S^tf 
part  of  Perfian  Iriik,  and  Mazanderhn  (D).  Their  fubjefts  ^^*^^ 
were  fo  devoted  to  them,  that,  at  their  command,  they  under- 
took to  kill  any  prince,  or  other  perfon ;  which  procured  them 
the  name  of  ajfTaflins.  There  was  another  dynafty  of  them 
in  Syria  ;  whofe  prince  is  the  fame  mentioned  by  the  writers  of 
the  crufade,  under  the  name  of  the  old  man  of  the  mountain  ; 
which  is  only  a  bad  tranflation  of  the  Arabic  Sheykh  al  Jebdl 
(E) ;  which  word  Sheykh  exprefles  not  the  age,  but  dignity,  of 
a  prince.  The  Mohammedan  writers,  moreover,  lay  to  their 
charge  errors  in  faith;  ana,  for  this  reafon,  give  them  no 
other  name  than  that  of  MelAhedah^  or  Molhedin  (F),  which 
fjgnifies  impious. 

Their  dynafty  confifted  of  eight  princes,  who  reigned  theTA«>  ^ 
fpace  of  170  years,  till  654 ;  when  HuldM  put  an  end  to  itynafy.  ^ 
in  the  perfon  of  Rokno*ddin  Khuz  Shdh,  the  laft  king,  from 

«  D'Herbel.  bibl.  orient,  art.  II  Khan,  &  Holagd.  •  Abu'l- 
?ARAj  hift.  dyn.  p.  329,  &feq. 

♦  In  other  copies,  Tafinerug.  Jehdl,  a   part  of  Perfian  Irak ; 

(C)  He  held  the  government  fo  called  by  t)>e  Arabs ^  being  a 
of  them  for  ^hirty-pine  years,  as  tranflation  of  the  Perfian  name^ 
is  noted  in  the  reign  of  Ba^du  Kuljefidn,  which  fignifies  the 
Khan.  mountain  country.     In  this  fenfe 

(D)  In  Kuheftdn  (that  is,  the  Sheykh  al  Jebdl  is  to  be  under- 
mountain  country),  which  makes  flood,  if  applied  to  the  Ifinaelian 
the  northermoft  part  of  Irak ;  prince  of  Kuheftdn  \  but,  if  to 
and  Rudbdr^  a  territory  of  Ma-  nim  of  Syriay  it  muft  be  render- 
zMfiderdn.  ed  prince  of  the  mountain. 

(£1  Sheykh  al  y^^i/  fignifies  (F)  Meldhedah  Kuheftdn  nva 
not  properly  the  prince  of  the  Rudbdr,  the  impious  of  Kuhef^ 
Boomain  \  but  the  prince  of  ed    tan  and  BSidhdr^ 

whom 


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^54.,  Jtnghiz  KUh's  Succeprs  &1  T. 

whdm  he  took  all  tus  caftles  ia  Jf-^^dl,  which  were  ttceediag 

ifarojjg,  and  well  provided  with  aecef&ries  *• 

Caftles  This  prince  had  but  juft  fucceeded.  his  fedier  j^ku^Mft^ 

ukgfg*       when  Hukku  ordered  his  commanders  to  attack*  hb  caftles  ; 

iive  of  which  be  demoliihedr  as  act  being  judged  tenable. 

Before  the  order  reached  K^ran,  Ka^uka  had  s^^ady  takoi 

the  oaflle  of  ShaheMz  (G),  zxid  three  other  caftles,  froin<  them. 

llKhhi,  therefore,,  mmxxg^^x.  AbhfabaJL  (H).,  Rokna'dMn  fent 

a  youth  but  fevea  ot  eight  jiears  oldv  who  pretended  to-be  his 

lbn„  in  token  of  {uboufSon.    HulMal,  altho*  aiware  €if  the  de« 

cei6»  received  and  difmifled  the  child  with  honoftr.   After  that, 

he  fent  his  brother  5A/r^n  SfM,  accompanied  by  300  per&AS, 

Vfhoxa  the  Mwvgl  prince  feat  ta  Jam^labM^  near  Kazwin ; 

bm  difbiiled  Shiran  Sbdh  to  tell  liis'  brother,  that  te  would 

Rokno'd-  allow  him  only  five  days  to  fubmit  himfeif.     Rokno'ddin  iigai* 

din/uA'     fied  by  aa  eoibailador,.  that  he  dared  not  then  come  out,  for 

^'^f»         fear  of  his  people,  who  would  fall  on  him ;  but  would  wait 

on  him.  the  firfb  opportunity.     EuMMf  finding  that  he  wanted 

only  to  protraA  the  time,,  raanrhed,  and  encamped  before  the 

caftie  of  Maymun  Darah^    Hereupon'  Rokno*ddin  declared^  h« 

woultib  immediately  come  forth  :  but,,  bdng  prevented;  by  the 

JHcMhedai  and  Fed^i^  Huldhw  bid  him  wait  a  while.    Thea 

orderiag  his  troops  to  attack  the  cafUe,  Rokm'dMn  xooik.  the 

opportunity,  while  his  people  were  engaged  in  repulfiiig  the 

befiegers,  to  retire  to  the  Mungl  C2impy  with  his  fons  aad' chief 

fa;?ou£ites  ;,  where  he  was  kindly  receded*  by  //  KMn. 

jUr  tcrri'      Thck&e  ia  the  cafUe,  perceiving  wirfi  how  much  honour  thdf 

/«>r/>i  re*   pcH^je  was-treated,  prefently  furrendiere  A  the  fortrcfe ;  which  was 

^'^'        demoli(hed  by  the  Mtlngls,  who  foon  reduced  all  the  caftles 

whichi  were  ia  that  valley;     After-  thia,  the  goveraor  of  M 

Mut  (or  AlMawt)  (*)  was  fummoaedtofurrender  that  tbrtre&i 

and  refufed :  but,  on  the  approach  of  a  great  body  of  troops, 

delivered-  it  up  in  the  eleverith  mrnitft.      At  the  fiane  tfine 

^itmfi'ddtn^  governor  of  the  caftles  belonging  to  Kahejtetn  (I), 

which  were  fifty  in  number,  received  orders  tt)  demoliilr  thetn ; 

m  which  he  was  afflfted  by  thofe  who  accompanied  Rtikno^dditu 

AS.  of  them  wer^  tak^n,  excepting,  two,.  Kazdh&kub  ^ad  Lant' 

^  D'Heilbsi»ot.  ublfupv  p*  503.610.  art.  I&iaelioim  k  Mot* 

hedoAin.  ^ 

(-G)  In  other  cQpics,  Sbahe-  (*)Thatiff,tHecaftIcof</«i/^. 

fiir.  (1)  A  mifiake,    periiaps,  in 

(H)  A^dzahdd,^  in  Other  ^o*  the^  copy,  for  Kibtfttm  a  Y^9X 

yies.  pf  Ferfiav  Irik. 


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C.  r:  Tk  Wn,  #r  Pferfiia  aflar^l  V55 

jWr  (K),*wliich  conM  not  be  redtrcetf  iir  left  tbatn  wcycar*. 
The  d^ylem  alfo  made  peace  with  Huf&Hy  oit  condition  to  dtf- 
ftroy  thdr  caftles.     Afro*  whicfr,  that  pnacc  returned  in  Dhul' 
hajjeh  to  the^r^,  n^^  HamaMn^  zx^i^ViX  Rt)kncfddiit^.  wkh     • 
Ids  fens  and  'wdves,  to  Kazwtn.  ' 

'  In  655  Rokno'ddin  Khitz,  SBoH.  dcfiring  to-  be  feit  ta  MangA  ^^If 
Khhiy  to  payhisrcfpefts  tp  that  monairh,  he  fetotrt,  accent  ^J^^b 
panied  by  ninq  of  his  retinue,  and  two  embafladbrs  diftatcfted  ^*^''* 
from  Hul^.    When  he  arrived  at  Karahtranit,  iuftead  of  be-    j*     * 
1^  admitted  to  the  khan's  prefence,  he  was  ordered  to  retnrq^ 
and  prevail  on  his  governors  to  ftrrender  the  two  caffl^  before- 
mentioned  ;  after  which,  he  was  toid^  that  he  might  repafr  to 
court,  and  fliould  be  received  with  honour.     With  this  hope 
Rokn6*ddtn  left  Karakuram;  but,  in  the  way  back,  was-  Rmsx,  pttt  f§ 
with  thofc.  who  accompanied  him.     HulMu  fikcwife  received  a  deatbJ 
manda^te  from  his  brother  Mangttj  to  e^^tirpate  the  MolMedkh 
intirely,   and  leave  no  footfteps  of  them  remaining;     Upon 
this,  he  felt  Kara  Kay  Afyabtahtaji  to  Kavwhiy  where  he  put 
to  death  all'  Rvkno'Mn's  family,,  and  flew  all  the  Mol&hedah, 
forces :  at  the  feme  time  Utkuhdna  Nowayn  (L),  having  af» 
fcmbled  iz,ooq  fubjefts  of  the  ymatlians^  put  them  all  to  the 
iword  ^ 

The'  feme  yeac  HulAM  ordered  Azzo'ddiH  mjd  Rhhw'ddin  Affairs  of 
to  divide  the  dominions  of  Rum  between  them.  The  firft  of  R^ni. 
thefe  two  brothers  had  dethroned  the  other,  and  imprifoned 
him  :  but,  in  653,  BayejAy  the  Mungl  general  m.Jzerbejdn, 
being  obliged  to  remove  his  quarters,  to  accommodate  ffuldkii 
with  them,  demanded  of  y^zzoW/;!  a  place  to  winter  in.  Thfe 
prince,  imagining  that  he  fled  from  Huldku,,  marched  to  attack 
him,  and  was  defeated^  Hereupon  Bayejtt  relealed  Rokno'ddin 
out  of  prifon,  and  placed  him  on  the  throne.  On  the,  com- 
plaint, therefore,,  of  y^zzo'(i5«,  in  655^  iyz//iW  ordered  the 
partition  above-mentioned ;  purfuant  to  which,  Rokn^'dc&t^ 
repaired  to  BayejA's,  camp,,  and  Axzo'ddhi  returned  to  Kmiya 
(or  Jkonium) :  but>  being  afraid  of  Bayej£„  aflembled  aa  army 
c£  K^rdsy  Turkmans,  and  Jrahs  ;  which,  however,  was  (fifperfei 
by  Bayej4  and  another  Nowayn :  fo  that  Malattya^  and  fev«* 
ral  other  places,  fubmitted  to  Rokno'ddin.  But,  -ffa^^^i^  being 
foon  after  recalled  towards  Irdk  ^j  things  took  a  tunr  again  ia 

^  Abu'lfaiv.  ubi  (fip,  p.  330,  &  feqq^  J  Idem  ibid, 

P'  330—334- 

(K)  In  fomc  copies*  Ksrdkvh,    Kudki^,  and  Ymfer.    Bihl.  oiir 
tpd  Lamjhabr;    ill  D'Hiri^^f,    cnt.  p.  503.  art.  Ifmaslioun. 

f^L)  Ikujaha,  in  iome  copies. 

5  favour 

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156  Jcnghlz  Khin*  sSucceprs  K  V. 

£ivour  of  Azzo'ddiriy  as  hath  been  elfewhere  .related  ^.    Let 
us  now  return  to  Huldk^. 
Halakft     '  This  prince,  during  the  time  that  he  was  befieging  the 
marctes     caftles  erf  the  Moldhedahy  fent  an  embaflador  to  the  khalifah 
AlMbJtaaffem^  to  defire  his  affiftance.  The  khalifah  would  hare 
anfwcred  his  riequeft;  but  the  Wazirs  and  princes  oppofed 
it  (M) ;  alledging,  that  HuUku  did  not  want  forces,  but  made 
the  demandoSy  to  weaken  j9dJ^Aiaf(N),  that  hemi^ht  the  more 
eafdy  take  it     When  the  caftles  were  reduced,  R  Khtn  fent 
another  embaflador  to  reproach  Al  Mojlaajfem  for  negledHng  tp 
fend  him  fuccours.    The  prime  wazir,  being  confulted  what 
was.  to  be  done  on  this  oocafion,  told  them,  that  the  prince 
ought  to  be  appeafed  with  very  rich  prefents  :  but,  while  they 
were  getting  them  ready,  ZXtti^^j/^  and  his  party  infmuated  as 
if  the  wazir  contfponded  with  the  Tatar i^  and  intended  to 
betray  them ;  for  this  reafon  the  khalifah,  inftead  <rf  many 
•  coftly  thmgs,  fent  only  a  few  of  little  value.    Hul&k^^  pro- 
voked more  at  this,  gave  the  khalifah  to  undcrftand,  that  h^ 
Ihould  repair  to  the  camp  himfelf,  or  (end  thither  either  the 
wazfr  Donvaydar^  or  Soleyman  SML     But,  as  npne  of  them 
would  obey  Jl  Mqftdajfem's  command  to  go,  he  fent  others  ; 
which  not  Satisfying  Huldk^y  he  ordered  Bayej4  Nowayn  an4 
Simjak  Nowayn  (O)  to  march  by  the  way  of  Erbel  (or  Ar- 
iela),  while  himfelf  took  the  road  thro'  ffolwfin. 
/9  attack        On  this  advice,  DowaydAr  fet  out  from  B^ghddd^  and  ad-» 
Baghdad,  vanced  ntzxTdakuba  :  but,  hearing  that  5^^^^/^  had  pafled  the 
Tigris^  and  encamped  on  its  weftern  bank,  in  the  belief  that; 
HuUku  was  there,  left  Taakuba,  and  polled  himfelf  over-againft 

^  Sec  before.  Vol.  IV.  p.  258,  &  feqq. 


(M)  According  to  the  authors 
mentioned  in  the  next  note,  thofe 
minifters  returned  a  very  inju- 
rious anfwer  to  Hu/dktPs  letters ; 
and  threatened  him  with  the 
anger  of  God,  and  the  khalifah. 
Lower  down,  this  anfwer  fecms 
to  be  afcribed  to  other  perfons, 
and  to  be  fent  pn  another  occa- 
fion. 

(N)  According  to  the  authors 
inade  ufeof  by  D'Herbelot,  Hu- 
laku  intended,  after  deftroying 
the  Ifmaelians,  to  have  marched 
direftly,  thro'  Anatolia^  to  Con- 
fiantiiiople  j  but  was  diffuaded  by 


Nafftro'ddin  al  Tujt^  the  famous 
aftronomer,  who  advifed  him  to 
turn  his  arms  againft  the  khali- 
fah, out  of  a  private  pique, 
Bibl.  orient,  p.  453.  art.  Ho- 
lagu. 

(O)  Or  Sowinjai.  According^ 
to  the  Perfian  authors,  Huldgt^ 
did  not  immediately  marcl^ 
againft  Baghdad;  but  fpent  ai 
long  time  in  making  marches 
and  counter-marches,  to  conceal 
his  defign.  At  length,  in  6^^  J 
he  of  a  fudden  turned  on  tha( 
fine.  WHfrhdott  as  in  th^  nG(t^ 
before, 

iLay^6^ 


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C.  I.  In  Iran,  cr  Pcrfia  at  targt.  iH 

BayejL  Mean  time  A^  <i/  ^i^^fe*,  one  of  the  khalifah*$ 
amirs,  having  feUen  into  the  hands  of  the  Mungl  fcouts,  they 
brought  him  to  HulSk^.  On  the  promife  of  fecurity,  he  un- 
dertook to  condud  his  army ;  and  wrote  to  his  fiiends  at 
B^hdMf  advifing  them  to  confult  thdr  own  fafety^  by  fub- 
mittlM  to  the  Munglsy  for  that  they  were  not  able  to  cope 
with  foch  numerous  forces.  But*  they,  in  anfwer,  haughtiiy 
a&ed,  **  VJho  was  Huldki,  and  what  liis  forces,  tooppoTe  the 
"  family  ciAbk^,  who  held  the  empire  of  God  himfelf  ?  and 
*'  even  threatened  him  with  the  anger  both  of  the  Deity  and 
<*  the  khalifah,  for  daring  to  fet  foot  within  his  dominions"  (P). 
They  added,  "  If  he  defired  to  make  peace,  that  he  fhouLt 
**  return  to  Hamaddn,  while  they  intreated  Dowayddr  to  in- 
**  tercede  for  him  to  the  khalifah,  who  poffibly  might  pardoff 
"  his  fault."  When  Ibeg  (hewed  the  letters  to  HuldkH,  that 
prince  only  laughed,  considering  them  as  an  inflance  of  thdr 
vanity  and  rafhnefs  K 

After,  this,  DowaydAr^  hearing  that  the  Tatars  took  the  The  dtp 
road  to  Anidr  (*),  marched  againft  them  j  and,  meeting  Su-  befi^f^ 
winjdk  N&wayn^  put  his  troops  to  fli^  2  but,  being  met  by 
Baytjuy  he  obliged  them  to  turn  back  with  him;  and  falling, 
with  all  their  forces,  cm  the  vlftor,  defeated  him,  and  flew 
mo&  of  his  foldiers^  fb  that  he  efcaped  to  B^ghddd  with  only 
a  few  followers.  Mean  time  Huldktl,  in  the  middle  of  Mo- 
barram  656,  encamping  oppofite  to  a  gate  of  the  city,  the 
MunglSf  in  one  night,  built  a  fiba,  or  wall,  incloling  theeaft- 
cm  fide;  wbUe  Buka  Timtir,  Sttwin/^k  Ntnvayn,  ana  BayejA 
Norwayn^  did  the  fame  on  the  weft  fide.  They  likewife  dng 
deep  ditches  within  the  fiba  5  and,  placing  their  battering-rams, 
wittt  other  endues  of  war,  againft  the  city,  on  the  twenty- 
lecond  of  the  fame  month  the  attack  began ;  when  the  khalt 
fah,  percd\dng  his  inability  to  defend  tl^  place,  fent  his  pre- 
iident  of  the  diwan,  and  Ebn  Damns,  to  make  fubmiifion  to 
HulAku,  with  prefents  of  no  great  value ;  left,  if  they  were 
cofUy,  it  might  be  interpreted  as  a  mark  of  great  fear,  Bdng. 
sfked,  why  Dowayddr  and  Soleymdn  Shdh  did  not  come  to  him  ? 
The  khaU&h  fent  the  wazir  J/kami',  who  faid,  in  the  perfon 
of  his  mafter,  "  You  demanded  one  out  of  the  three;  and  I 
**  have  fent  the  wazir,  who  is  the  greateft  of  them."  Ilu' 
ldk/2  angered,  "  When  I  was  at  Hamaddn,  any  of  the  three 

*  Abv^lfar.  ubi  fup.  p.  336,  i^feqq. 

(P)  As  having  been,  in  the  (♦)  A  city  on  the  Ettphmtest 
opinion  of  Mohammedans ^  con-  about  two  days  jo.ttmey  from 
fecratcd  ground.  Baghdad, 

«'  woujtj 


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^*  -would  hai^  dQne,i  bat  now  I  ihaU  |iot>b6 filiaflid  witk  odfc 
"  0f  them." 

MidtaktH,  Mean  time,  as  the  ikgp  veaton  v^gjLM^osfly  ob  ever)r  fick;^ 
BuUAu  ordered  arrows  to  he  ihot  iate  Sdghdad%  with  !biUetd^ 
profiiiikig  iccarlty  to  the  dofiior^^  aod  all  j^ch  a9.did.n0t  beat 
^ms,  theSr  families  aad  e&6ts.  ^On  the  <tW6Qi^*iixth  ths 
il^qgZf  forced  the  walk  of  the  city  4  and  watched  the  rivcr^ 
tlha,t  none  might  eifcapc  6y  water.  Thea  Hulakt^  ordered  Ihw* 
ayMr  -mA  Soi^jmin  Sh4i  tp  come  to  him. ;  but  left  the  JUiailfah 
at  Uberty^toido as iie. thought  fit.  Thofe  two  lordi  accord' 
ingiycame  £:>rth,  attended  b;  a  g^eat  Aftmber  cf  the  ndbi^ 
fity  ;  but^  xm  the  w:^,  Douta^J^  txroed  back,  under  pretence^ 
of  takiQg  ca^  left  ;the  ibldder^i  who  wer«  {Kitfted  in  the  fboet) 
and  lanes,  ihoukl  KlU  any  of  the  Mur^s  i  yet  text  monang, 
when  he  came  out  of  tl^  city^  he  wa$  iulkd  himfd^  Tht 
inbabkants,  after  thi^,  fent  4lq^es  to  iotreat.  ]»foCe£Bon: 
and  the  khalifah,  feeing  there  was  no  way  to  axroidlt,  on  €b» 

*  fourth  of  Siaffar  cepaireii  to  the  can^  w^th  leave  of  MnWtA^ 

who  ordered  him  to  loc^e  in  the  igate  called  KainM.  Then 
enterhi^  the  dty,  to.  iiee  the  khaUfah's  pakce,  he  cottmanded 
that  pnnce  to  be  i6rotight  before  him.  Mafi&affem  nlade  him 
a  pcefent  of  pnecioui^  Aones  aad  pe^rlsj  .  which  fa^  diffai^ 
buted  amongft  Us  ^ommanderf.  |n  ihe  evemqg*  returmng 
to  his  ^amp,  h6  prd^ed  the .  khalifa  to  fet  apart  aU  the 
Vromen  belongii:^.  toi  hiqai  ^r  his  fons^  arBOuntiAg  to  700  % 
whom^  with  3PP  :euritt/9hs  in  thdr  ferrice>  he  brought  fordi* 
After  the  Mungls  i^  plundered  the  city  for  fe)^en  tiaya^  they 
ced^  ^ther  to  ilagr,  or  make  any  more  captive.  The  fouT'^ 
tcenth  of  the  iame  month  Huldku  departed  from  fi^ghdid  ;  and, 
when  he  was  encaaa^ped .  at  night,  ordered  the  l^ialifah,  his 
nuddlemoft  fon,  and  ijbc  eunuchs,  to  be  put  to  death  ^.  . 

ly  the  KO  NDJMIJ^^  and  other  oricatal  hifWiafti,  ttJate  this  iiii- 

treachery  portant  event  with  other  circumfiancesv  According  to  dicm, 
BuJaku^  being  locenfed  with  the  aafwer  of  thekh^ifah's  mi** 
nlAer^  to  his  letters,  XNxlered  lus  generals  to  march  oa  both 
fides  of  the  Tigris^  tobefiegp  B^dad,  The  Mungltrooep^ 
which  daUy  increased,  ra\caged  the  ne^ghbourihg  country  to 
fuch  a  degcee,  that  in  a  little  time  it  was  lAtirely  ruined^  b 
that  they  had  difficulty  to  find  even  grafs  for. their  horles. 
The  T^AT  army,  which  confiftedwholiy  in  cavalry^  having  no 
longer  wherewithal  to  fubfill,  HuldkCi  muft  have  been  forced 
to  raife  the  fiege,  mid  retire  with  /bame,  2^  w^  ^s  lofs,  if  it 
had  not  been  for  the  treachery  of  Atude  ebn  Amrhn^  a  flavc  of 
a  jseighbounfig  igoveraor ;  who,  aecordiiig  to  the  Nighmrtftitn^ 
4FeaBied,  the  yaxc  before,  that  the  houte  of  the  children  of 
*  Abu'lfah.  abi  fup.  p.  338,  &  feq. 

Abhii 


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Jbbas^  was  on  the  poiat  of  felling^  and  that  he  himfel/flioyM 
become  mafter  of  BdgMdS^  and  the  domkuoasof  tbelLhalifah* 
Ehn  jimran^  who  happened  to  be  amonc;  the  befieged,  no 
fooner  heard  of  the  (iiftf efled  condition  oT  the  enemy's  army;, 
but,  by  a  letter  fliot  into  their  c;^inp  with  an  arrow,  he  in- 
formed tTuldkU,  that  }f  he  coHld  pievaii  on  the  khalifah  to  fencj 
one  Ehn  Amran  to  him,  he  would  find  means  to  fnpport  his 
army  for  a  whole  paopth, 

HVLAKVy  on  this  advice,   did  not  fail  to  demand  this  ofajla^ei 
man  of  Moftaaaffm^  who,  bdng  reduced  to  fuch  a  ftate,  that| 
had  his  fon  been  demanded,  he  would  have  gratified  him^ 
caufed'j^^w  Amran  to  be  fought  for,  and  fent  him  to  the  Mungl 
prince ;  to  whom  he  difcovered,  that,  in  the  city  of  Takuba^ 
or  Akaba,  of  which  his  mafter  was  governor,  tliere  was  a  pror 
dkions  quantity  of  grain  laid  up  in  pits.     By  means  of  this  in- 
tdiigence,  the  Mungh  were  faved  from  ftarving  with  hunger, 
and  enabled  to  take  the  great  city  of  Baghdad 'y  which  wa^ 
plundered,  and  intlrely  ruined,  by  them,    in  |the  year  ^56.  Hej.  656. 
HuldM,  who  owed  this  <onqueft  to  Ebn  ^mrdn,  thought  he     A.  D, 
could  not  do  better  than  confer  the  government  of  the  city^     1258. 
and  its  dependencie§,  on  the  traitor ;  who  thus  f^w  his  cjream 
fulfilled » 

Other  authors  afcribe  the  caufe  of  the  khalifah's  ruin  chiefly,  and  the 
to  the  perfidy  of  his  prioie  wazir  Morwi^aio'ddm  al  Kami  >  whq,  'wazir. 
piqued  about  fome  reKdons  pjsccadiUo.  difljanded  the  trpops, 
when  there  was  gre^teft  neeiaaf  them,  and  concealed  the 
ftrength  of  the  enemy  from  Mofldajfeki.  He  llkewife  corref- 
ponded  with  HuldHi  and  gave  him  notice  of  the  beil  time  to 
march  x<mzx&^  Baghdad.  The  khalifah  was  the  more  cafily. 
perfuaded  to  cfifarni  himfelj^  as  he  was  very  covetous,  and  ad- 
dicted to  pleafure :  nor  would  be  give  over  his  debauches,  fo^ 
all  the  reprefentations  of  the  principal  lords  of  his  court,  tiH 
advice  was  brought;  tliat  a  great  detachment  of  Mmgk,  under 
two  of  their  beft  generals,  were  near  the' city.  Then,  whe^ 
it  was  too  late,  10,000  men  were,  in  a  hurr}^  got  ready,,  and 
fent  to  reconnoitre  them.  Thefe  meeting  the  enemy,  encamped 
on  the  Tigris t  to  the  north  of  Bdghdid^  a  mpft  bloody  battle  » 
Was  fought,  with  doubtful  fuccefs :  but  the  Mungls  having, 
in  the  night,  cut  the  bank  of  a  canal  drawn  from  the  Euphrates ^ 
near  which  the  army  of  the  khalifah  wa$  ill  pofted,  their  camp 
was  laid  under-water,  ^  fuch  a  d^ree,  thsA  the  greater  part 
Were  drowned,  and  the  reft  put  to  the  fword. 

Mea^  time,  Huldku  arrived,  with  the  grofs  of  his  army,  be-  ^^f  ^hn- 
fiare  B^ghMd^  and  1^  fiege  to  it ;  while  the  khalifah  continued  ^if^^'^ 

deaths 

^  D'Hehbel,  p.  453,  art.  Hulakl 

his 


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l5o  JcnghJz  Khan'j  Succeffors  B.  V. 

his  debauches,  without  minding  his  affairs,  as  if  the  enemy 
had  been  at  a  great  diftance.  At  the  end  of  two  months,  the 
traitor  Alkami  retired,  with  his  family,  to  the  camp  of  HuldM^ 
who  presently  after  took  the  city,  in  the  month  of  Saffar  656  5 
where  every  thing  was  put  to  fire  and  fword  ( QJ  by  the  Ta- 
tdrs ;  who  plundered  Baghdad  of  infinite  wealth :  for  it  was, 
at  that  time,  the  moft  rich  and  powerful  city  in  the  world. 
The  khalifah  Mqftdajfem  being  taken,  with  one  of  his  fons, 
after  fome  confultation,  was  wrapped  up  tight,  in  a  piece  of 
felt,  and,  in  that  condition,  dr^ged  through  the  ftreets,  where 
he  foon  expired,  when  he  had  lived  forty-two  years,  and  reigned 
above  eighteen.  His  fon,  who  remained,  was  put  to  death ; 
the  other  having  been  fMn  at  one  of  the  city-gates,  which  he 
defended  (R)  courageoufly. 
Mmuchery  Thus  an  end  was  put  to  the  race  of  khalifahs,  which  be- 
rndfrUe.  gan  in  the  perfon  of  Jbtib^kr,  the  eleventh  year  of  the  Hejrah, 
or  flight  of  Mohammed,  and  had  continued  in  the  family  of 
Jbb^s  for  the  fpace  of  520  years. 

This  laft  khalifah,  although  he  had  neither  courage  nor 

conduft,  reigned  with  greater  pride  arid  magnificence  than 

any  of  his  predeceflbrs,  who  were  fbvfereigns  in  temporals  as 

well  as  fpirituals.    When  he  went  out  of  the  palace,  on  any 

occafion,  he  commonly  wore  a  ma(k,  or  veil,  over  his  face, 

to  draw  the  more  refpeft  from  the  people,  whom  he  did  not 

tfiink  wordiy  to  look  on  him  « :  and  'tis  probable,  fays  D'Her^ 

Mot,  that  the  Mungls  put  him  to  that  kind  of  death,  to  punifh 

his  infolent  deportment. 

BJ^hdld       After  this  execution,  Huldkii  appointed  the  prefident  of 

rtjtond.      the  diwan,  the  wazfr,  and  Ebn  Dunus  (or  Damti/h),  to  reftorc 

Bdghddd  to  its  former  ftate.  Buka  Tim&r  was  fent  xoHella  (*), 

to  try  what  he  could  do  with  the  inhabitants ;  after  which, 

he  marched  to  Wafet ;  where,  in  one  week,  he  put  to  death  a 

multitude  of  people ;  and  then  returned  to  Hulhki,  whom  he 

io\xni2itSiyaMh^. 

Maufel  Ab  foon  as  Badro'ddln  Wi,  lord  of  Mai^el  (or  Mu/ol), 

Jubmts.      heard  that  BdghdM  was  taken,  he  fent'  his  fon  JiMdlek  al  Sd- 

'  leh  Ifmael,  with  part  of  his  army,  to  the  afCftance  of  HulaM ; 

"  KoNDAMiR  ap.  D'Herb.  ubi  fup.  p.  628.  art.  Moftaaflcm. 
»  Abu'lpar.  ubi  (up.  359. 

( Q^)  Mirkond  fays,  all  who  had  been  taken,  and  was  flain 

ucre  found  in  Bdghdddy  and  the  by  Huldku%  order,  by  the  gate 

neighbouring  country, were  flain,  called  Kal^dd, 

to  the  number,  as  was  reported,  (*)  Or  Hellah,   a  city  on  the 

of  1,600,000  people.    Teixeira,  Euphrates,  where  ftood  Babylon: 

hift.  ?erf,  p.  309.  two  fiages  S.  by  W.  oi  Baghdad, 

(R)  ^/a'^r^fpeaksasifhe 

who^ 

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C.  I.'  In  Mn,  or  Perfia  ai  large!  i6i 

who,  looking  on  him  with  a  ftcm  countenance,  reproached  i.  Khan 
him  and  his  father  with  their  backwardnefs  in  bringing  their  Hulaku. 

fuccoars ;  iaying,  "  You  waited  to  fee  who  fliould  get  the ^ -v"*^ 

"  bc^er;  and  if  the  khaltfah  had  been  viftor,  would  have 
*'  gone  to  him,  inftead  of  comii^  to  me."  Badro^dcHn,  terrified 
when  he  heard  his  fon  repeat ,  thefe  words,  which  he  con- 
fidered  as  prefaging  no  good  towards  him,  immediately  refolved 
to  prepare  a  magnificent  prefent :  to  make  up  which,  he  not 
only  employed  all  the  precious  ftones  and  jewels  that  were  in 
his  own  treafury,  but  itripped  his  rich  fubjefts  of  their  wealth ; 
requiring  the  very  bracelets  off  the  arms  of  their  women,  and 
the  pearls  out  of  their  childrerts  ears.  When  all  was  ready^ 
he  fet  out  for  the  mountains  oi  Hamad&n,  to  pay  his  refpefts  to 
Hul&kH ;  who  recdved  him  very  kiadly,  in  reverence  to  his 
years;  made  him  fit  befide  him,  on  the  fame  efbade;  and 
permitted  him  to  touch  his  ear-rings,  in  which  were  two  union 
pearls  of  great  price.  Badro'ddln^  after  payirig  homage,  re- 
turned to  Maufely  filled  with  joy,  few  his  own  good  fuccefs ; 
and  wondered  at  the  power,  majefty,  and  wifdom,  oiHul^4. 

The  fame  year,  Al  AJhrAf^  lord  of  Miyafarekin^  made  a  Miyafarc- 
vi/it  to  Al  Mdlek  al  N&fr^  lord  of  Halep  (or  Aleppo)^  defiring  kin  block- 
aid,  rf'him,  that  he  might  hinder  the  Mungls  from  entering  «^^* 
Syria.     But  Al  Nhfr^  looking  on  his  apprehenfions  as  alto* 
gether  groundlefs,  paid  no  regard  to  his  inftances.     Hereupon 
Al  AjbrAf  vf^xiX.  away  in  anger ;  and,  on  his  return  to  Miya- 
farekiriy  not  only  drove  out  the  Mungl  governors,  but  hung 
up  a  certain  prieft,  whom  the  kaan  (or  khan)  had  fent  tohim 
wUh  mandates.     Mean  time,  the  Mungl  nrmy^  led  by  Tajhnit, 
fon  of  Ifuldk^y  following  him,  came,  and  invefVed  the  city. 
In  one  day  and  night  they  furrounded  it  with  walls,   a^d  a 
ditch  ;  then  placing  their  engines,  vigoroufly  attacked  it.   But, 
finding  the  place  was  not  to  be  taken  by  force,  they  turned  th% 
ficge  into  a  blockade*. 

In  657,  Hulaktt  fent  an  ambafTador  to  Al  Maiek  al  Ndfr,  Hej.  C^j. 
lord  of  Halepy  with  letters,  exhorting  him  to  fubmit  himfelf,     A.  D. 
and  avoid  the  khaltfah*s  fate,  by  coming  to  his  camp  without     1258.. 
dday.     As  his  lords  would  uot  permit  him  to  obey  this  fum-  Halep 
mcMjs,  Al  N&fr^  in  a  great  confternation,  fends  his  fon  Al  Md-J^^^^^^^^ 
lek  ai  AztZy  "wdth  a  large  fum  of  money,  and  rich  prefents. 
After  Al  AsAz  had  waited  the  whole  winter,  he  received  this 
anfwer ;  "  We  required  to  fee  Al  Mdlek  al  kdfry  not  his  fon. 
"  If  therefore  he  be  really  for  us  in  his  heart,  let  him  come 
'*  to  us ;  odierwife  we  will  go  to  him."   When  Al  Nhfr  heard 
thefe  words,  he  was  greatly  terrified,  not  knowing  what  courfe 

o  Abu'lfar.  p.  344,  &  feq. 
Mod.  Hist.  Vo^.  V.  L  ^  to 

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1 ,  Khan  to  take.    After  this,  Huldkii  fent  for  Jz^*Mn^  iiiag  oi  Rm^ 
HulakO.   aod  his  brother  Rokno'ddin ;  who,  obeying  his  fummons,  were 
i>^*^,yM^  received  with  great  honour  and  Wnclnefs.     THen,  having  di- 
vided the  doipinioa  between  them,  he  began  his  nxarch  for 
Syrhi   taWng  >vith  him  the  Seljik  princes;    who,  on  their 
arrival  at  the  Euphrates^  were  permitted  to  retuin  into  their 
Qj^n  country. 
HeJ.  658.      In  65 3,  he  arrived  at  HarrAn^  with  an  army  of  8o,qoq  nsien, 
A.  D.     "vyjiich  city,  with  Roha  (or  Orfa),  furrendered  on  conditioQs; 
1259.     nor  were  any  of  the  inhabitants  injured :  but  t^ofe  of  Saruj  (§) 
Syria  in-   >j^ere  ^  put  to  the  (word,'  for  not  obeying  the  Mungl  mandate. 
njaded,       ^fj^  this,  Huiak4  U  Kh&n  ord^ed  three  bridges  to  be  laid 
oyer  the  Euphrates 'j   one  near  Maktiyay   another  at  Kald- 
Ok  rim,  and  the  third  not  far  from  Karkifia  (T) ;  by  which  all 
his.  forces  haying  crofled  into  5ym,  they  made  a  great  flaughter 
tov^ards  JV^^  (U).    Then  the  army  dividing,  in  order  to 
reduce  the  cities  and  caftks,  only  a  few  fddiers  took  the  rout 
c^  ffahp*    Hereupon  Jl  MMek  al  MbadSam,  ddeft  km  of 
Salabo'ddiV'  (or  Sakdin),  advanced  to  meet  them  5  bat,  being 
fait  to  flight,  returned  to  the  city.    The  pa;-ty  which  marched 
to  Moarrq^h  (or  Marrah),  ran&cked  that  place :  hut  Hamih  an4 
kerns.  Surrendered  on  terms.     When  Al  MHek  al  mfir  hear4 
of  thefe  misfortunes,  he  betook  himfelf,^ yath  his  wives,  child- 
yen,  and  mojft  valuable  efFefts,  into  the  defarts  of  Al  Karak 
and  Al  SUfoa/ubak  for  ihelter. 
andfuh'         When  the  Mungls  came  to  Damajlus^  the  principal  meok 
du(d.         delivered  up  the  city,  .which  received  no  manner  of  harm  fie^ 
the  eniemy.   •  if z<A?>#  ^limfelf  pitched  his  camp  before  Hakk* 
and  having  raiied  a  mount,  $0  command  it,  began  to  play  Us 
engines^    Th^  attack  wa$  chiefly  made  againfl:  tM  gftte  o^Erik 
(or  /r4*),  which  was  found  to  be  the  weakcft  part :  {9  that 
being  forced  iti  a  few  days,  the  Mungls  entered,  and  flew  mcnre 
people  than  they  had  done  at  Bdghddd,   Nor  did  the  csiftl^  hold 
• ,  :  out  k)sg.     Then  proceeding  to  die  caftle  Al  H^reni  (X),  the 
inhabitants  were  willing  to  furrender ;  but,  not.cax^iig  tp  truft 
to  Ills  word,  nequked  the  oath  of  a  lifoflulman  for  th^  fe- 

(S)  Baruj  lies  to  the  north  of  fhratts,    fome   kagaes    to   th€ 

Bohoy  Roha  to  the  north  of  Har-  north  of  Rahba^  or  Rjohoj^ 
raft,  {bppo&d  eo  be  the  andent        (U)  ilf^iy^^  isajcorruptioRof 

Haraii  Tjvi  Kar^roi.  MoMiei^  or  Mfmk^  or    Btn9h» 

(T)  Malftha  is.  a.  Uttlje  with-  thQ  a9tient  Bamk^e,  •  or  Bt'tr^h' 

4mt  the  bounds  of  Syrian,    Kald-  po/t'j  y  called  by  Pipffi  Ma^t^^  ia- 

iol  Rwn^    or,   as  p^onoijnce4,  (l^adofAf^^^,  tfee^r/on  nijn^i 

KaIdco\rumfhhttwQexiSome^fat^  an  error   uhporrefted    in  Ear» 

or  Samofat,   and  Al  Btr ;    and  dvwin^  kft  edition. 
Karkijia  ftood  at  the  cpnfluence        (X).  Towards  Antiokh. 
of  the  Al  Khabuf  with  the  Eu- 

Cttrity., 

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C.  I.'  /» hkn^  cr  Perfia  at  large.  i6g 

canity.     11  Kh&n  confentedj  and  they  chofe  Fakro^ddin^  go-  i.  Khaa 
vernor  of  the  caftk  of  Halep^  bccaufe,  they  laid,  he  was  a  Huliku. 
fiaccne,  honeft  man  :  who  being  fent  to  them,  took  all  the  ^^^*^ 
oaths  they  propofed  to  him ;  and  then  they  opened  their  gates, 
by  whkh  a  great  multitude  of  people  went  out,  and  the  Mungls 
entered.     But  HuldM  made  them  pay  for  their  fufpicion  :  tor 
he  firft  orders  Fakro'ddin  to  be  flain,  and  then  all  thofe  who 
had  been  in  the  cafUe ;  without  fparing  any  of  either  fex,  or 
even  the  children  ^  their  cradles  P. 

AFTEit  this,  Buldkii  returned  eaftward,  leaving  in  Syria  a  Mardin 
great  commaader,  named  KetMgdy  with  io,aQO  horfe.  When  taken. 
he  arrived  al  Tel  Bqfber,  he  was  joined  by  the  army,  which 
had  taken  MiyafareMn^  and  brought  ,with  them  M  Ajhrt^  its 
prince ;  after  putting  to  the  fword  the  few  inhabitants  whom 
the  famine  had  (pared :  but  for  which  calamity  the  Mungls 
cooid  not  have  taken*  the  city.  //  Khan  caufed  Al  Jjhrdf  to  be; 
fltift ;  which  he  afterwards  was  forry  for,  and  gave  the  go- 
vernment IX)  one  of  that  prince's  commanders.  When  he  drew 
near  to  Mardin,  he  fent  for  the  lord  of  that  place,  who,  un* 
wiUing  to  obey  the  fummons,  fent  his  fon  Modaffero'ddin ;  be- 
caafe  he  accotopanied  HulaM,  when  in  Syria^  along  with  Al 
MMek  al  Salek,  fon  of  foltin  Badroddin  Ulu,  late  lord  of 
MaufeL  HMhtl  bid  him  go  back  to  his  father,  and  command 
him  to  repair  to  the  camp,  and  not  turn  rebel ;  in  which  cafe, 
he  faid,  it  fliould  not  fare  well  with  him  :  but  the  father,  in- 
ftead  of  taking  his  fon'rf  advice,  imprifoned  him. 
-  UpdN  this,  tjic  Mungh  beiieged  Mardin :  but  Could  not  Syria  ni 
faave  takea  it  is  lefs  than  two  or  three  years,  had  not  the  king,  cover ed, ' 
and  Bioft  of  the  inhabitants,  died  of  the  peflitence :  after  which, 
AlModilffer  furrendered  the  caftle,  and  all  the  wealth  belong* 
isg  to  itl  When  the  king  erf  the  earth,  Huldktly  was  informal 
vfaat  that  prince  had  filled,  he  treated  him  with  much  af? 
fe6Hon,  and  appcnhted  him  king>  in  his  father's  room.  Mean 
Ane,  kftMga^  who  was  Irft  in  Syria,  having  found  out  Af 
MMek  al  N<^'i  lurking  pkce,  fent  men  to  feize  and  carry  him 
XoHulalAi  who  was  pleafcd  to  fee  him,  and  promifed  to  re- 
Aorc  him  to  his  kingdom.  But,  while  fortune  feemed  to  flat- 
ter his  hopes,  news  arrived,  that  Kotuz,  foltan  of  the  Turk- 
«»4«x^*),whoreignedin£g7/^, hearing  that  Huldk4wsiS  returned 
liQitiewaiids,  and  had  left  Ketbiga  behind  him,  with  no  more  thaa 
io,obO'm€»,  rdlfed.a  great  army,  and  attacked  that  general} 
wiiDwas  Jdlled  iii  tbe.^tle,  his  forces  defeated,  and  his  child- 
ren taken  prifoners,  on  the  27  th  of  Ramazan,     When  this  ad-  " 

P  Aeu'lfar.  p.  346,  &  feqq.' 

(»)  Third  of  the  Bdhrsfe  Mamltiku 

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164  Jcnghfe  Khan*  J  Suc^efors  B.  V. 

1.  Khaa  vice  reached  H  KMn,  who  was  then  in  the  mountains  of  M 
Hulakfi.  Tak  (Y),  he  was  enr^ed ;  and  ordered  y4l  MMek  al  Nifr,  wdi 
C-./-.J  hi,  fon  y^/  M3/r;fr  11/  Dhaher^  and  all  belonging  to  him,  to  be 

pat  to  death  ^. 
Al  Nafr        The  execution  was  performed  in  the  fcrflowing  manner,  as 
fain.         Mohayo^dSn  al  Magreb'ty    the  only  perfon  who  efcaped  the 
flaughter,  told  our  author.     One  day,  while  Mohayo'dAn  at* 
tended  Jl  N&fr^  who  was  aflcing  him  fotne  qneftion  about  his 
fortune,  there  came  a  Mungl  commander,  at  the  head  of  fifty 
horfe,  whom  the  prince  went  from  his  tent  to  meet,  and  aiked 
t6  alight :  but  the  officer  defired  to  be  excufed ;  &yii%»  he 
came  to  acquaint  him,  by  order  of  Nuidk4,  that,  as  d^s  was  a 
day  of  rejoicing,  he  was  defired  to  be  prefent  at  the  feaft,  widi 
his  brother,  fons,  and  all  his  retinue,  excepting  the  domefBcs 
and  flavcs.     Upon  this,  they  all,  to  the  numbo*  of  twenty, 
mounted  their  horfes,  and  fet  forward.     But,  when  they  were 
Come  into  a  narrow  valley,  with  high  rocks  on  every  fide,  tbdr 
efcorte  made  them  all  alight,  and  then  furrounding,  fell  to  bind 
them :  which  when  JMohayo'ddin  faw,  he  cried  out,  That  he 
was  an  qftrologer,  viho  confulted  theftars^  and  hadfcmething  tf 
moment  to  reveal  to  the  king,  the  lard  of  the  earth.     Hereupon 
they  fet  him  afide,  and  then  flew  the  refl,  none  efcaping  ex- 
cept two  of  y//  N^Jfr's  fons,  and  the  aftrologer ;  who  was  joined 
as  an  affiftant  to  Khoja  Nasiro'ddin,  in  making  affa-oaomi^  ob- 
fervations  at  Maragha. 
Affairs  if      KOTUZ^  foltan  of  Egypt,  after  the  viftory  above-moi- 
Syria.       tioned,  recovered  Syria ;  and  having  placed  governors  in  Ha- 
kpy  Damafius,  and  the  other  provinces  thereof,  returned  hcnne- 
wards,  to  recruit  his  forces,  in  order  to  oppofe  the  Mungls  .• 
but  when  he  had  gotten  as  far  as  Cazzoy  Bihar 5^  called  AL 
Btindokd^r  the  leffer,  rifing  againft,  flew  him,  and  fdzed  the 
kingdom.     This  foltan,  who  became  very  famous,  toc^  from 
the  Franks  all  the  cities  and  cafUes  which  they  poflefled  along 
the  coaft  of  Syria,   However,  in  659,  the  Mungls  entered  Syris 
Hej.  659.  a  fecond  time,  under  the  command  of  a  general  named  ^i$^i/- 
^'  ^-    ki\  and  having  proceeded  almofl  as  far  as /^^mx,  making  great 
'2^-     fpoil,  and  deftruftion  of  people,  returned  to  Hat^.   There  he 
ordered  all  the  inhabitants,  and  villagers  who  had  retired  thi- 
ther, to  go  into  the  plain ;  under  pretence  of  numbering  and 
condufling  them  to  their  refpeftive  homes :  but,  when  th^ 
had  gotten  a  good  way  on  the  journey,    he  faid  to  them> 
[*  If  your  hearts  had  been  fincerely  towards  us,  you  would  not 

«  Abv*lfar.  p.  348,  &  feqq.    D*Hbrb.  p.  454, 

(Y)  Another  copy  reads  Al  Atlak^ 

'^  hatrc 

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C  I.  In  Iran,  cr  Perfia  at  large.  165 

**  have  fled  from  us,"  and,  without  any  more  ceremony,  put  i.  Khan 
every  foul  of  them  to  the  fword ;  fo  that  none  of  them  efcaped,  Hulakii. 
excepting  thofe  who  were  wife  enough  to  ftay  in  Halep,  In  the  ^ 
mean  time,  as  foon  as^the  Egyptians  underftood  that  the  Mungls 
had  evacuated  Syria^  they  entered  that  country,  and  feized  it 
anew. 

The  fame  yes^x,  Jlao'Mrij  fon  of  Badro^ddin  LM,  lord  of  Maufel 
Senjdr^  fled  into  Egypt ;  and,  foon  after,  wrote  to  his  brother  revo/tu 
Jl  Mdiek  al  Sdieh  Ifmael^  prince  of  Maufel:  fetting  forth  the 
power  oC  Bundokddr ;  and  adviiing  him  to  become  a  valTal  to  the 
foltan,  who,  after  driving  out  the  Mungls,  would  make  him 
Icrd  Hot  only  of  Maufel,  but  feveral  other  provinces.  When 
y^l  Sdleb  had  read  the  letters,  he  laid  them  under  his  bed  :  but 
Shamfo'ddtn  Mohammed  Ebn  Tdnes  al  Bdafhiki,  one  of  his  fa- 
ther's commanders  in  the  country  of  Ninivehy  watching  his 
opportunity,  took  them,  and,  departing  forthwith,  rode  off 
to  BdafUka.  As  foon  as  the  king  miifed  the  letters,  he  fu- 
fpefted  Shamffddiny  and  fent  for  him  back,  with  defign  to  put 
him  to  death :  but  Ebn  Tiines,  making  the  meflengers  drunk, 
fet  out,  in  the  night,  with  his  family  and  effefts,  towards 
Erbel  (or  Jrbela),  giving  out,  that  Jl  M4lek  al  Sdleh  intended 
to  deftroy  all  the  Chriftians  in  the  country  of  Niniveh,  and 
then  retire  into  Syria :  upon  which  rumour,  atooft  all  the 
Chriftians  of  that  quarter  flocked  to  Erbel  ^ 

Next  morning,  the  meflengers,  not  finding  Ebn  Tunes,  Confufion 
imagined  he  was  gone  before  to  Matfel.  But  when  Jl  Sdleh  th^re. 
faw  that  diey  had  returned  without  him,  taking  it  for  granted, 
that  he  was  gone  to  bring  the  Mungls  upon  him,  he,  in  great 
confternation,  left  the  city,  with  many  of  his  principal  men, 
and  what  effefts  they  could  carry  off;  and  went  direftly  for 
Syria,  without  fpoUing  and  then  deftroying  the  Ninivitifh 
ChrifHans,  as  he  at  firft  deflgned.  Soon  after  he  had  departed 
from  Maufel,  a  difference  arofe  among  his  commanders,  fomc 
of  whom  followed  him,  and  others  returned  to  the  city ;  among 
which  latter,  was  Jl  Amo'ddin  Senjar :  but  Tarkdn  of  JCa- 
razm,  wife  of  Jl  Mdkk  al  Sdleh,  Tafan,  a  judge,  and  their 
partifans,  ftiut  the  grates  agaioft  them.  However,  being  let 
in  by  Mohayo'ddin  £bn  Zehellak,  at  the  head  of  a  great  body 
of  the  citizens,  Tarkan,  and  her  friends,  retired  into  the 
caftle :  the  contrary  party,  at  the  fame  time,  fell  upon  the 
Chriftians,  filing  and  killing  all,  excepting  fuch  as  turned 
MohammeJiuis.  Al  Scdeh  had  likewife,  before  his  departure, 
agreed  i^ith  the  Kirds,  to  come  down  with  theil*  forces  upon 
JViniuh ;  which  they  did  two  days  after,  and,  after  fpoiling 

'  Abu'lfar.  p.  350,  &  foqq. 

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iS5  }t)[igUzKhiin'sSuc€ij[[ors  RV, 

1.  KMn  the  CKrlffians  dwelling  there,  dther  killed,  or  earried  vmf 
Hulaku.   captives,  all  who  remained. 

'— -y**^      Mean  time,  a  nimouf  being  fpread,  that  the  Mungl  forces 
The  city      ^gjg  advancing  through  Ji  Jazireh  (or  Ms/e^otamia),  the 
hJffgeJ,      ^j^jj.  ji  jjpo'jjin  Senjar,  with  his  party,  left  the  city ;  and, 
being  joined  by  the  Ai^r^  commanders,   went  to  meet  the 
Mungfs,  led  by  Turin,  judge  of  Maufel :  by  whom  they  were 
furrounded,  and  all  cut  to  pieces.     After  this,  the  affairs  of 
Maufel  ran  daily  more  into  confufion,  when,  towards  the  end 
of  fummer,  a  report  flew,  that  the  Mungi  zrmj  waj  comii^; 
and,  in  effeft,  not  long  after,  it  did  come,  under  the  com- 
mand pf  SamdagA,  a  great  general,  who  favoured  th^  Chrilfr 
ans,  and  befieged  MavfeL  In  a  little  time,  advice  being  btxDught, 
*  that  Al  Mhlek  al  SdUh  was  returned  from  Syria^  the  Mtingis 

withdrew  a  little  way  from  the  city,  to  let  him  enter ;  and 
then  fat  down  before  it  again.     In  one  night  they  built  a  wall 
round  it,  and  then  began  vigoroufly  to  attack  the  place.    At 
length,  provifions  failing  in  the  city,  Samdagi^y  to  delude  Al 
Sdleh,  made  him  very  fair  promifes,  and  even  forbore  hoftili- 
ties.     During  this  cdTation  of  arms,  advice  was  brought,  that 
an  army  from  Syria  was  on  its  way  to  aid  j4l  Sileh,  under  the 
conduft  of  a  general  named  BarlA,    Hereupon  the  Mungls  fet 
forward ;  and  meeting  the  enemy  near  Senjary  farrounded,  aod 
flew  them  all,  carrying  away  much  fpoil. 
'kitdfur-         After  this,  Samdagu  fo  far  wrought  on  Jl  Mdlek  al  Sakh^ 
rendered,    hy  his  artifices,  that  the  former,  opening  the  gates,  came  out 
to  him,  without  any  apprehenfions,  preceded  by  muficians  and 
jeft«^.     But  he  was  rxo  fooner  lodged  in  the  camp,  than  the 
Mungl  army  entered  tl^e  city;  where,*  for  eight  days,  they 
plundered  it,  and  killed  an  infinite  number  of  people,  befides 
thofe  whom  they  niade  flavcB  of.     Among  the  reft,  there  was 
flain  AlaoHmalk  (Z),  fon  of  Jl  MdMt  al  Sitleh,  whom,  having 
intoxicated  with  wine,  they  cut  lo  two,  by  the  waift,  near  tte 
caftle.     Then  making  Shamjb'ddin  Ebn  T4hes  governor  of  the 
city,  *  Samdagu  departed,  carrying  with  him  JlMdlek  alSaleh 
to  HuldHy  who  ordei^d  him  to  be  put  to  death*     But  Sham" 
fd'ddin  did  not  long  enjoy  the  fruits  of  his  perfidy :   few,  in 
Hej.  66i.  66i,  one  Al  Zaki,  or  Erbel,  accufed  him  of  defrauding  th« 
•A-  D.     family  of  Ba^ro'ddin  of  moneys  and  jewels ;  an^^fo  of  poifcm* 
»«6a.     ing  him,  by  means  of  Mowdffek,  a  Chriftian  phyfician.     Ehn 
T&nes,  denying  the  faft,  was  baftonadoed,  to  extort  a  cxMifcf- 
fion  :  but,  whUe  he  underwent  the  puniflimcnt,  a  paper  dropped 
from  him,  contaming  feme  verfe  of  the  Koran ,-  wiiich  ^l  ZiU 

(?;)  In  another  copy  Alaoddin  4  ^ollt. 

'>^  m 

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C.  tl  In  Mn,  or  Perfia  at  Idrge.  167 

feki  was  a  charm  againft  the  Mungls.    Hereupon  he  was  pot  1.  lOian 
to  death,  and  his  accufer  made  governor  in  his  room  *.  Holaku. 

Mean  time,  HuldMy  who,  after  his  expeditk>n  into  Syria,  J  ^    ^ 
had  returned  into  Azerbijdn,   there  to  take  feme  repofe,  af-  ^f^^^^^ 
fembled  the. principal  aftronomers  to  be  fotind  in  the  Mohamr  \^^r^^' 
medan  countries :  to  whom  he  gave  large  penfions,  and  fur-     *^' 
nifhed  all  forts  of  fteceflary  inftruments  for  making  obferva- 
tions,  at  Mar&gha  (A),  where  he  built  a  famous  oWervatory. 
He  died  in  663  (B),  after  he  had  reigned  abfolutely  fix  year?, 
fince  the  death  of  his  brother ' :  for  the  authors  made  ufe  of 
by  D*HerbeIot  fuppofe,  that  this  prince,  during  the  life-time  of 
MangA  Khdrit  governed  /r^,  as  his  deputy ;  but  that,  on  his 
death,  in  657,  he  fucceeded  as  fifth  khin  of  the  Mungls,  in  that  Hej.  663. 
part  of  JJta  n.    However,  it  appears,  from  what  has  been  elfe-    A;  D. 
Vhere  related,  that  Koplay  Khhn  was  the  immediate  and  trnfc     1 264. 
fucceflbr  of  Mangi,  not  only  at  Karakorom,  but  in  all  parts  Hulakft 
of  the  7tff//zf/ dominions,  or  empire ;  and  that  HuldM  aftually '^'^'' 
acknowleged  Koplay  as  fuch  *.     'Tis  true,  his  fucceffors  iii 
IrSin  did,  at  length,  throw  off  their  fubjeftion  to  the  fucceflbr* 
of  Jenghtz  Khdn,  in  the  eaft  :  but  it  is  not  exprefly  mentioned 
under  what  prince  this  happened. 

One  of  the  principal  wives  of  this  monarch,  named  Dughiz  Histvi^veu 
Khatyn,  was  a  Chriftian,  and  accompanied  him  in  all  his  mi- 
litary expeditions ;  being  much  efteemed  by  him,  for  her  pru- 
dence and  knowlege.  She  died  not  long  after  him ;  and  was 
buried  near  her  hulband,  in  the  fame  city.  It  is  imported,  that 
HuJdku  demanded  in  marriage  the  daughter  of  Michael  Paled- 
hguSy  emperor  of  Conftantinople  (C),  who  drove  the  Franks  out 
OT  that  city :  but  *tis  more  probable  he  aflced  her  foi:  his  foi^ 
and  fucceflbr  Jbdka  Khkn ;  who  married  her,  on  her  anival, 
in  664,  which  happened  after  his  father's  death. 

The  dominions  which  HtilaH  left  at  his  death  are  reckoned  and  largt 
up  by  Ebn  Shohnah  s  as  follows  :  The  great  province  of  Kbo-  dominions* 
tafdn,  ofvrhkhNiJhaburv/zs,  at  that  time,  the  capital :  ^y^- 
bdly  or  Per/tan  Irdk,  the  country  of  the  Parthians,  whofe  ca-^ 

•  Afitj'tFAR.  p.  353.  <  D*HERBfL.   ubi  fup.  p.  4r4, 

•  Ibid.  «  See  Vol  IV.  1.  iii.  c.  5.  fed.  1. 

(A)  A  city  on  the  lake  of  the  met  zxCafarea  (in  AJi£t  Minor^ 
$hS^,  about  forty  miles  to  the  with  a  meuenger,  with  the  new* 
tofB^h'Vfc^ofT'abriz, or Tauris,       of  Hul£kus  death;  but,  as  fh<? 

( B )  Or  664,  according  to  could  not  return  to  hor  owa 
feme  authors.  country,   (he  proceeded  to  the 

(C)  Abulfarai  fays,  Huldku  court  ofAbdka,  wha  took  her 
demanded  the  emperor's  daugh-  to'Jiimifeif, 

ter  in  marriage :  liizJt^if  was 

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i68  JcD^  Khao'i  Succejfm  B.  V. 

Holakn.  prifii^  A^ria  (or  Kstrdtftan  and  KhaUea\  whofe  metropolis 
I  ■iv^'-^  lyas  BdgUAd :  Jdherbejun  {oc  Jzerbejan)j  that  is.  Media,  its 
chief  dty  Tabrtz,  or  Tdurit  :  Pitrs,  or  Pnper  Perfuiy  its  ca- 
pitai  Shir&z,  fonnerly  caikd  CyropoBs ;  for  Efiekhar,  or  P^r- 
Jepolu,  lias  then  in  mins :  Kburcftin,  or  Khuzeft^i,  the  an- 
ticQt  SufiAiiay  whofe  capital  was  T^^r,  or  Shufter,  formerly 
called  5i(/ii,  of  P«r^  .-  Diy&rhekry  which  comprehends  part 
<^  AJfyriay  or  Kurdejian,  and  ^/  Jazireh,  or  Mefopotamia^ 
Vihiaeof  Mujfal  (or  Aloful),  built  near  the  antient  Ninivcb,  was 
the  capital :  lafUy,  the  country  of  ^lim,  or  the  Romans^  contain- 
ing JrmtmOf  Georgia,  and  y^a  Minor,  whofe  capital  was 
Koniyd,  the  antient  Ikonium  K 
emdcon-  The  lame  author  remarks,  that  the  Mtwgls,  or  Tatars^  in 
f«^/.  ^  the  conquefts  uhich  they  made,  were  never  defeated,  ex- 
cepting that  (mce  under  Kctbuga,  as  before-mentioned.  But 
it  is  not  faft,  as  D'Herbelot  affirms  (perhaps  without  ^ny  au- 
thcMity),  that  all  thofe  countries  were  conquered  by  Hulaku ; 
for  /rJ/»,  or  Perfia  at  large,  was  fubdued  by  Jenghiz  Khan, 
Nor  does  it  appear,  from  what  goes  before,  that  any  coniidcr- 
able  part  of  it  had  revolted,  or  thrown  off  its  fubjeftion  to  the 
Mungls,  excepting  the  country  of  the  Ifinaetians.  On  the  con- 
trary, there  feems  to  have  been  no  confidcrable  change  in  the 
ftate  of  thofe  countries,  from  the  account  given  by  AbtHfaraj  * ; 
who  informs  us,  that  Munkdka  (or  Maugu)  Khan,  in  650,  the 
jnear  before  Hulaku  was  fent  into  Iratiy  had  appointed  Argun 
Aga  to  govern  the  kingdoms  of  Khorajfan  dnd'  If indu/idn,  Jlla- 
zander^n,  IrAk,  Pdrs,  Kerman,  Lur,  Arran,  Azerbejdn,  Cor- 
jefthn  (or  Georgia),  Maufel  (or  Mefopotamia),  and  Syria,  It 
appears  alfo,  by  the  proceedings  of  Bayeju  Nowayn^  that  the 
khan's  authority  extended  even  to  Anatolia.  So  that  HuIdkA 
came  to  the  government  of  nearly  as  many  countries  as  were 
in  his  hands  at  his  death ;  and  may  be  faid  rather  to  have 
more  fully  fettled  and  completed  the  old  conquefts,  than  to 
jiave  added  new  ones. 
Founds  the  The  Oriental  hiftorians  begin  this  dynafty  oi  Mungl  fvinct^ 
dfnafy.  i^vith  Jenghiz  Khan,  as  hath  been  obferved  above :  but  zs  Hu- 
lakA  was  the  firft  of  his  defcendants  who  reigned  in  Irdn,  we 
ihall  fet  him  at  the  head  of  it.  Abu'lfaraj  dates  the  com- 
mencement of  the  Mungl  dynafty  in  /rJ/i,  or  Perfta  at  large, 
from  the  deftruftion  of  the  khalifat,  in  the  year  6^6,  Tho 
Perftan  hiftorians  give  him  a  reign  of  fix  }*ears  only,  reckoning 
from  the  death  of  Mangu  Khhn,  in  657. 


y  D'Herbei..  ubifup.        *  Hift.  d/naft.  p.  327. 

Acc 

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C  2.  In  Iran,  or  Perfia  at  large.  '169 

According  to  Miriondy  HulakA^  before  his  death,  divided  i.  Khin 
his  dominions  among  three  of  his  fons,  Ab^a  (D),  Tajbmuty  Hulak^. 
and  Tandon  ;  to  the  firft  he  gave  the  kingdoms  of  /r^.  Ma-  *'*'"\^*^ 
zanderhiy  and  Khorajfdn;^  to  the  fecond,  Ar^^  or  Armenia, 
and  Azerbejdn ;  to  the  third  he  ailigned  Dly^bekr  and  Rabtya^  ' 

which  are  two  provinces  of  At  Jaztreh  and  Mefopotamia,  Ifw 
laku  had,  befides  thefe  three  fons,  two  others,  Nikudar  Oglan, 
and  Targahe  (or  Targhiyeh)  Khdriy  who  had  no  fhare  in  their 
father's  partition  of  his  dominions  ;  yet  one  of  them  obtained 
the  empire  himfelf,  and  fo  did  the  children  of  the  other  *. 

C  H  A  P.    II. 

The  Reign  of  Abaka  II  Khan. 

AFTER  the  death  of  Hulakti,  his  fon  Aidia  was,  in  an  2.  Khan 
aflembly  confifling  of  his  fons  the  princes,  and  the  ladies   Abaka. 
his  Mridows,  unanimoufly  acknowleged  for  his  fucceflbr.     He  '  --v""^ 
was  a  prince  endowed  with  prudence,  capacity,  learning,  and     ?'J^^^* 
knowlege :  which  good  qualities  rendered  him  dear  to  every-       V 
body,  and  gave  hhn  fuccefs  in  all  his  tranfaftions,  both  domef-    *^  "** 
tic  and  foreign  *. 

As  foon  as  this  prince  afcendcd  the  throne,  he  fent  one  of  His  firft 
his  brothers  to  Ddrbend^  on  the  Cajpian  fea,  and  another  into  re^la* 
Khoraffhiy  to  (hut  up  the  paflTages  into  his  donunions  from  the  ^'*^* 
defcendants  of  Tujhi  or  J^gi  Khan  on  one  fide,  and  thofe  of 
Jagatay  Khdn  on  the  other.  He  declared  Sunjak  (or  Sowenjak) 
Noway n  general  of  his  armies,  and  his  lieutenant  throughout  his 
empire  :    gave  the  employment  of  grand  wazir,  and  prefident 
of  his  councils,  to  Shamfo'ddin  Mohammed^  who  made  Baha- 
o'ddin,  his  fon,  wazir  of  J^pdhdn ;  and  Alao*ddin  Athao'I  MolJt, 
his  brother,  waztr  of  Baghdad.     Under  the  wife  government 
of  this  latter,  that  capital  recovered  its  luftre,  which  it  had 
loft  by  the  arms  of  Huldku ;  the  people  flocking  from  all  parts 
to  fettle  there :  on  the  contrary,  Bahao'ddin  exercifed  fo  much 
rigour  at  Jfpah&n^  that;  he  often  involved  the  innocent  in  the 
fame  punifhment  with  the  guilty ;  nor  could  the  advice  of  his 
father  Shamfo'ddiny  to  whom  frequent  complaints  were  made, 
reclaim  him,  till  death  freed  the  inhabitants  from  his  feve- 
rity, 

•  MiRKOND  ap.  Tcxeirahiil.  Perf.  p.  309,  &  fcq.       »  Ab'ul- 
FAR.  ubifup.  p.  355. 

(D)  Texeira  fpells  moft  names    kay  Kan ;  and,  for  Yajhmut^  Hy* 
of  perfons  and, places  very  ill ;    axemet* 
for  Abaka  Khdn^  he  writes  Hayb» 

At 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


JtnghhKlAri's^iiceeJlbrs  .   B.  V. 

Ar  the  beginning  of  Abiia^s  rdgn,  ^arkah  KhAn  (A),  of 
the  race  of  Jagatay  KhAn,  who  reigned  in  Great  Bukhtiay 
'haying  marched  with  forces  On  the  fide  of  Dat^bendyvA^  de- 
i^Vh  fig^  ^o  break  into /^^/yfi,  Shamat,  brother  of  y/W/fa,  who  was 
H     66    P^^^^  ^°  ^^^^  ^'^»  opjxrfed  his  entrance;  and,  after  a  battle, 
^'jy^  ^'  which  he  obtained  agdnft  him,  obliged  lihn  to  retire  in  664. 
126  c .'     ®^^  ^^^^  defeat  did  only  irritate  that  prince  :  for,  foon  after, 
he  fet  on  foot  an  army  of  300,000  men,  'With  which  he  threat- 
ened utter  defolation  to  Perfia,  had  not  j4b&ka  KhAn  marched 
in  time  with  all  the  forces  di  his  empire.     Barkah  Khdn,  after 
condufting  his  numerous  fquadrons  through  the  vaft  plains  of 
Kipjak,  round  the  north  fide  of  tke  Cdfpian  fea,  had  forced 
the  narrow  paflages  between  that  fea  and  mount  Kaukafus^  com- 
monly called  the  Iron  Gates  (B) ;  and  was  already  arrived  oa 
the  banks  of  the  river  iMr,  when  JbAka  KhAn  appeared  at 
TefliSy  capital  of  GurjeJiAn^  that  is  G or} a^  or  Georgia :  but,  as 
the  two  armies  were  on  the  -point  of  giving  battle,  Barkah 
KhAn^  very  happily  for  Perfia^  was  taken  out  of  the  world  •, 
fcMTy  immediately  on  his  death,  his  army  divided,  and  returned 
into  Tartary^. 
iw//Borak      In  666,  Borak  Oglan  (C),  who  was  alfo  of  Jagatay  Khin's 
Khan.       race,  fent  to  the  court  of  JbAka  KhAn  one  Majfud,  under  pre- 
He].  666,  tence  of  a  compliment :  but,  in  reality,  to  pry  into  the  ftate  of 
^'R'    ^^""^  >  ^^  obferve  the  roads  which  were  to  be  taken,  in  order 
**°7-     to  attack  Perfia.    This  being  perceived  by  a  foldier,  he  gave 
advice  thereof  to  Shamfo'ddin  the  grand  wazir,  who  continued 
to  treat  him  with  great  civility,  as  if  he  fufpefted  nothing ;  re- 
folving  to  have  him  fdzed,  or  cut  off  in  his  return  :  but  Majjud 
bad  taken  fuch  precautions,  by  caufmg  hcdes  to  be  placed 
^ong  the  road,  that  the  men  fent  after  could  never  overtake 
lum.     Borak  KhAn,  having  received  the  neceflary  iirformatioDS 

•  *>  KoNDAMiR  ap,  D'Herb.  p.  i.  art*  Abaka. 

(A)  Called  alfo  Berrak  Khan:  language,  Damtr  Kdfi,  the  fame 
Jie  was  fifth  khan  thereof ;  fee  with  Z)Ar^f»</,  which,  in  F^fl»» 
before,  page  142  :  but,  as  there    fignifiesthe^«/^a//.  ThtArahs 

'   he  is  faid  to  have  died  in  1 260,  call  it  Bah  al  Jbnvib,  fhi  gatt 

and  it  is  not  likely  he  would  go  cf  gates. 

fo  far  about,  thro'  the  domi-  (C)  This,  doubtlcfs,  muftbe 

nions  of  another  prince  5  pofli-  Bereke,   or   Bar  hah,   fiftti  khin 

bly  this  might  be  Bereke,  third  of  Jagatay :  but  then  his  death 

khdn  of  Kipjak,  whofe  death  is  muft  be  placed,  tot  in  1660,  as 

placed  by  La  Croix  in  1 266,  co-  it  is  in  D'Herbelot  and  La  Cni^* 

Jnctdcnt  with   that    of  Barkah  but  in   1670,  or  later ;  and  fo 

Khan.    See  before,  p.  I  <54.  indeed  His  diftaocc  from /W«W 

(B)  In  the  Murg/  or  Turkifi  feems  to  rc^uir«, 

DigitizQd  by  VjOOQIC 


C  2.  In  Mn,  or  Perlia  at  large. 

from  tWd^fpy,  in  667  paflfed  the  Jih&ny  or  AmA,  with  100,000 
horfe ;  and,  having  prefently  reduced  the  great  province  of 
Khordfflk$y  where  he  met  with  finall  oppofition,  he  advanced 
as  far  a&  Jzerbejdny  where  Ahdka  had  the  bulk  of  his  forces. 
The  Yatarsy  who  came  fbremoft,  were  foon  repulfed :  and  at 
leogth,  the  year  following,  the  two  armies  faced  each  other  not  A.  D. 
far  firom  Herat.  Ther^  a  bloody  battle  was  fought ;  wherein  1 269. 
viftory,  after  a  long  fufpcnfe,  declared  in  favour  of  AMka, 
who  became  mafter  of  the  field,  with  all  the  baggage  and 
booty  o£  the  enemy.  Bomky  after  this  defeat,  was  obliged  to 
lepafe  the  Jnd  5  and  Atdka,  having  left  his  brother  Benjbin 
with  troops  fufficient  for  the  guard  of  KheraffSn,  returned  to 
Azerbej^  *, 

The  fame  year  that  Ab&ka  was  proclaimed  khan.  Bundok"  TheM^m," 
i&r  (D),  lord  of  Egypt,  fent  to  invite  H^tem,  king  of  Armf'  luks  ra- 
ilia  (E),  to  fubmit  to  pay  him  tribute,  and  fettle  a  commerce  "^eif 
between  their  refpeftive  fubjefts    -As  Hdtem  would  not  con-  Hej.  663. 
fent  to  this,  for  fear  of  the  Mungls,  Btindokd&r,  without  more    ^'  ^' 
cer«xx>Qy,  invaded  his  dominions.     The  Armenian  king,  upon     *  * 
this  furpife,    made  a  journey,   to  crave  aid  of  N^i,    the 
Mungl  governor  in  Rtim  (or  Anatolia)  ;  who  anfwered,  that  he 
could  not  aflift  him  without  Ahdkd's  order.     Mean  time  the 
b'Others  and  fons  of  Hatem  marched,  with  what  forces  they 
conld  raife,  tooppofe  the  entrance  of  the  Egyptians,  but  were 
defeated ;  and,  one  of  the  king's  fons  being  flain,  the  other 
was  taken  prifoner.  •  For  twenty  days  the  enemy  plundered  Sis  ' 
and  Ayy^y  carrying  away  great  numbers  of  people  ciaptives. 
At  length,  when  they  were  gone,  Hatem  came  with  an  army 
of  Mungls  and  RUms  (F) ;  who,  finding  nothing  but  a  waftc 
country  without  people,  fell  to  making  good  cheer,  and  con- 
fumed  every  thing  which  the  Egyptians  had  left. 

HATEM,  grieved  fbr  the  devaftation  made  in  his  country,  LeffcrAt^ 
but  more  for  the  lofs  of  his  fon,  fent  to  offer  Bundokd^r  cities  menia  \ 
and  caflles,  with  a  good  fum  of  money,  for  his  ranfom.    Bun- 
dokd^  made  anfwer,  that  he  would  rekafe  him,  provided  only 
Sankar  alAJhkar,  who  was  a  flave  among  the  Mungls ^  fliould 

*  KoNDAMiR  ap.  D'Herb.  p.  2.  art.  Abaka, 

(D)  He  was  fourth  foltan  of  flages  to  the  north  of  Skanderun,, 
ihcTufii/h  Mamluks,  or  flaves,  or  ^/fjir/zWrf^/tf,  was  the  capital, 
wha  reign^Bd  in  £^^^/ after  th^  Hatem  is  the  fam^  name  with 
family  of  Ayuh,  or  of  Salaho'd'  HuytonyHaithon,  ovAiton,  among 
din,  Suropeans. 

(E)  This  is  to  be  underftood  (F)  ,That  is,  people  from  ^«w,     ' 
of  the  Lejfer  Armenia  in  Anato-  or  Anatolia  ;    probably  for  the 
iJa  5    of  which  SU,  about  two  ipofl  part  Greeks. 

Digitized  byCjOOQlC 


1 7  a  Jenghiz  Khin'i  Succejfors  B.  V. 

2.  Khan  be  fcnt  to  him.     Hdtem,  on  this,  made  a  journey  in  668  (G> 
Abai^a*    to  the  court  of  AbAka ;  who,  pitying  his  tears,  bad  him  go 
^^^TV^*^  back,  and  promifed  to  fend  AlAfbkar  to  him,  if  he  was  to  be 
S^- 668.  f^mjj^     Accordingly,  next  year,  Al  A/hkar  was  conveyed  to 
^^'     him  from  Samarkant ;  and,  being  tranfmitted  to  Bundokd&r^ 
**^*     this  latter  returned  Hatem'%  fon  in  exchange.    Afterwards  Ha* 
tern  made  another  journey,  to  intreat  that  he  might  refign  the 
crown  to  his  fon  :  to  which  Ab^a  confented.     But  the  joy 
tliis  favour  created,  was  greatly  allayed  by  a  dreadful  earth- 
quake, which,'in  670,  happened  in  Armenia ;  and^  bdides  over- 
turning  many  cafUes,  deftroyed  above  100,000  people,  not  to 
mention  the  catde  **. 
md  Ana-      In  the  year  675,  Ah^a  Khan  went  tb  pafs  the  winter  at 
folia.         BaghiUd.    About  the  fame  time  died  the  celebrated  Khcja  Na- 
Hej.  675.  iiro'ddin  al  Tift^  Who  was  eminent  in  all  kinds  of  philofophy, 
-A*  ^'    and  wrote  many  books  on  different  fubjcfts^    This  fame  year 
1 276.     ifatem\  fon,  now  king  of  Armenia^  underftanding,  by  his  cot- 
refpondents,  that  Bundokddr  intended  to  invade  the  country  of 
Rum^  thro'  the  inftigation  of  fome  of  the  natives,  gave  notice 
to  the  Tlfi/^g"/ commanders  to  be  upon  their  guard  :  but,  Ber^ 
iiranah  having  perfuaded  them  tha;  it  was  a  falfe  alarm,  they 
ileglefted  their  fecurity  j  fo  that  the  Egyptians  came  upon  them 
when  they  were  in  liquor,  and  (ie\y  them  all,  with  2000  Geor- 
gians,  out  of  3000  who  were  along  with  them  ;  however,  they 
did  not  fall  unrevenged,    a  multitude  of  the  ^nemy  having 
been  flain.     After  this  fuccefs,  BundokdSr  marched  to  Kayfd' 
rtya  (or  Cafarea\  where  he  ftaid  fifteen  days,  but  did  no  man- 
nef:  of  harm  to  that  city ;  faying,  he  came  not  to  ravage  the 
country,  but  deliver  its  lord  from  flavery. 
Jt^  from        When  this  news  reached  the  court  of  Abaka  H  Kh&n^  he 
Abaka.     was  gready  enraged  ;  and,  afTemblii^  his  forces,  marched  to- 
wards the  country  of  Rum :  but,  before  he  arrived,  the  Egyp- 
tians were  withdrawn  into  Syria.     Then  fending  for  Bcrwd- 
nahy  he  received  him  without  feeming  at  all  oiFended  ;  and  car- 
ried him  to  the  camp,  under  pr^encc  of  confuking  with  hiift 
what  number  of  men  would  be  fufficient  to  fecure  Rftm  againft 
the  Egyptians.     There,  at  a  banquet,  he  plied  Berwcinahyr^ 
with  mares  milk,  for  he  drank  no  wine ;  and  giving  a  fign, 
when  the  latter  went  out  to  make  water,  an  officer  In  waidng 

(G )  According  to  Mirkond^  he  Buihdria),  but  was  defeated,  and 

had  war  this    year  with  Bora  forced  back.  Texeira,  ubi  fuprii 

KJi?an^  who  marched  with  an  p.  3x0. 
amiy  frdm  Chagatay  (or  Great 

^  Abu'lfar.  ubi  fup.  p.  356,  k  feq. 

followed. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ It 


C.  2.  In  Iran,  or  Perfia  at  Urge.  17J 

followed,  and  killed  him.     BundokdoTy  on  his  way  to  Egypt ^  2.  Khaa' 
died  at  Hems  in  Syria ;    fomc  fay,  of  poiibn ;  others,  of  a    Abaka. 
wound  in  the  fight,  from  a  Mungl  arrow  •.  <  ■  ->^— .^ 

KONDAMIR  relates. concerning  this  war,  that,  as  toon  Piece  ef 
as  Bundokdar  had  afcended  the  throne  of  Egypt y  he  was  re-  gaUmtry. 
folved,  brfore  he  ventured  to  engage  with  the  Miingls^  to  in- 
fpeft  himfclf  into  the  condition  of  their  forces.  With  this 
view  he  fet  out,  accompanied  by  three  or  four  perfons  only, 
and  yifited  all  the  countries  which  the  MungU  poileflied  on  this 
fide  of  the  Euphrates.  At  his  return,  he  fent  a  courier,  by 
way  of  gallantry,  to  Jb^ka  Khdn^  who  had  then  newly  fuc- 
ceeded  his  father  Hulaktiy  acquainting  him  :  that  having,  for 
his  diverliony  made  a  tour  over  his  {Abdka's)  dominions,  he 
had  left,  in  a  cert^  inn  which  he  named,  a  jewel  of  value,  in 
pledge  of  the  debt  be  had  contra^ed,  to  defray  his  expences ; 
and  defired  that  he  would  fend  it  to  him.  Jbdka  was  fo  com- 
plailant  as  to  remit  the  jewel  to  the  foltan  by  another  cou- 
rier, with  very  obliging  letters  on  the  occafion ;  and  thus  mat- 
ters palTed  between  the  twa  princes,  without  coming  to  holK- 
litics^  But,  as  the  contrary  appears  from  Jbu'^araj,  we 
perceive  here  a  great  defeft  in  the  Perjian  hiftorian  ;'who,  be- 
fides,  mentions  nothing  of  Abdka's  expeditions  into  R4m  and 
Syria. 

In  6y^  Sayfo'ddtn  Kelawriy  fumamed  Jl  A//1  (H),  having  MangU 
fmed  the  dominion  of  Syria  and  Egypt,  after  the  death  of  invade 
Malek  al  Sdleh,  fon  of  Bundokdar ,  Sankar  al  Ajhkar  before-  Syria, 
mentioned,  who  had  oppofed  his  advancement,  fled  to  Raha-  ^^J*  ^79* 
ha  (on  the  Euphrates),  and  confederating  with  Ifa  ebn  Mohdnna,    ^'P' 
SL  Bedwia  (I)  prince;  fent  an  embaflador  to  invite  Abdka  II    *^    * 
Khdn  into  Syria,  promifing  to  deliver  into  his  hands  both  that 
country  and  Egypt.     On  this  engagement  an  army  was  fent, 
in  the  year  680,  under  the  command  of  Kungortay,  a  younger  j|ej.  680. 
brother  of  Abdka ;  but  when,  in  winter,  they  arrived  in  Syria,    A.  D. 
Al  Ajhkar y  bdng  afraid  to  join  them,  fhut  himfelf  up  i^  the     1281. 
cafUe  of  Sdhydn.    The  Mungl's,  for  all  this,  advanced  as  far 
as  Halep ;  and,  having  deftroyed  all  the  places  in  their  paff- 
age,  returned  ipito  Irdn.    However,  next  year  (K)  they  in-    A.  D. 

1282. 

*  Idem^  ubi  fup.p.  357,  &  feq.  ^  Kokdam.  ubi  fupra, 

p.  2. 

(H)  He  was  fcvcnth  foltan  of  (K)  Kondamlr,  in  J}" Herb  kt^ 

the  Turkijh  Mamluks,  or  third  places  this   in    the  year  669, 

from  Bundokdar.  twelve  years   earlier;  but  that 

(I)  The  Bednvins,  or  Badwim,  cannot  be,  fince  Bundokdar  lived 

commonly  called  Bedo*vitKs,  are  tiU  the  year  6^6. 
the  field  Arabt, 

vatiei 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


They  are 
defeated. 


Abaka'j 
death. 


Stifpicinn 
ahiut  Tt, 


jetjghfz  Khan*j  Succeprt  B;  V. 

vaded  Syria  again  with  50,000  troops,  under  the  conduft  of 
Munga^  Ttmdr,  youngeft  brother  erf"  kbika,  accompanied  by 
the  king  of  j4rmenia,  with  all  his  forces.  The  enemy,  led  by 
Al  A^i  and  Al  Ajhkar^  who  were  now  reconciled,  met  them  be- 
tween Hamhh  and  Hems^  where  a  battle  was  fought,  in  which 
the  Mungls  prevailed :  but,  when  they  ^erc  on  the  point  of 
gaining  the  viftory,  and  had  even  put  the  Syrians  to  flight, 
the  Arabs  of  the  tribe  of  Bdni  Taglab  rulhed  out  of  an  am- 
hufcado  on  the  left  wing  of  the  Mungls  i  who,  thinking  them- 
felyes  {unrounded  by  numax>us  troops,  took  to  flight,  fd- 
Icnved  by  the  main  bodiy.  Mean  time  the  righjt  wing,  in  which 
was  the  king  of  Armenia^  With  5000  Corjans^  not  minding 
the  ambufcades,  put  to  flight  the  Egyptians  who  oppofed  them ; 
and,  purfuing  them  to  tl^  gates  of  kemsy  kUled-a  conGderable 
number ;  nor  gave  over  the  llaughter,  till  the  news  of  the 
flight  of  their  companions  drew  them  off.  In  their  return, 
they  fell  in  with  certain  troops  of  the  enemy,  who  fdlowed 
th^  flying  fquadrons  :  hereupon  the  batde  was  renewed,  in 
which  many  were  flain  on  both  fldes;  but  at  length  they  re- 
turned laden  with  fpoils. 

While  Munga  Ttmur  was  on  his  march  bade  through  M 
Jazirehy  fome  of  his  doa^ftics,  who  had  been  tampered  with, 
gave  him  poifon  one  day,  after  he  came  out  of  the  bath.  The 
'  prince,  finding  himfelf  much  out  of  order,  turned  off  towards 
NifiHuy  where  •  he  died.  The  people  of  the  country  were 
feized  with  great  fear  at  this  difafler  \  and,  laying  tn^d  of 
^Al  S^  al  iSirkubiy  bound  him,  and  carried  him  round  dl 
the  market-places  in  Al  Jaztreh,  after  which  they  put  him 
to  death.  This  year  was  fatal  likewife  to  Abdka  II  Kh&t  him- 
fdf-  He  made  a  progrefs  firft  to  Bdgbddd,  from  whence  he 
went  hack  to  Hamaddny  where  he  celebrated  Eafter  day  with 
the  Chriftians,  in  their  church  (L).  Ne9ct  day  one  Bahnhn^  a 
Perfianj  gave  him  a  magnificent  feaft  s  but  on  Ttujday  he 
found  hhnfelf  very  ill,  and  became  delirious ;  fo  that  be  died 
an  Wednefday  the  twentieth  o{'  DhuHhajjah,  after  a  reign  of 
feventecn  years  *. 

On  the  occafion  of  the  death  of  this  prince,  Kondandr  tt- 
lates,  that,  foon  after  the  defeat  of  his  army  in  Syria,  under 
his  brother  Munga  Tim^Ky  great  troiihles  arofe  at  coort :  for 
one  Magdo'lmolk  Yezdi  having,  in  concert  with  fome  of  the 
princtpal  lords,  prejudiced  AbdJfa  Khdn  againft  Shamfo^ddia  his 
prime  wazlr,  the  authority  of  this  miniuer  daUy  dimiuMKed* 

(L)  Somo  anthers  fay  he  was  a  ChrlRian. 

»  Abu'lfar.  ubi  fup.  p.  360. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


C  3.  In  Iran^  or  Pcrfia  af  iaxie^  ty^ 

he  had  likcwUe  the  mortifics^tion  to  fee  his  brother  AtMmolk  2.  Slhla 
arrefted,  aad  called  to  account  for  matters  laid  to  his  charge.   Ai>aka. 
At  the  fame  time  Jhdia  happening  to  die  pretty  fuddeoly  at  ^n^^^iiJ 
Hamadda,  it  was  judged  that  his  death  was  hafteaed  by  a 
draught  which  SifamfoWin  bad  caufed  to  be  gjiv^  ^im  \ 

CHAP.     III. 

S  E  C  V,    L 
The  Reign  of  Nikfldar  O^an,  ^  Ahmed  Kh^n, 

/1BAKA  IlKhdn  being  dead,  the  (Wnces  of  the^-blood,  and  3.  Khin 
^^  the  great  men,  with  one  confent,.  conferred  the  govern-  Ahmed, 
ment  on  Ahmed,  fon  x>f  HulAku  by  Kutdy  Khdtihi ;  as  judging  ^^^i-^v*^  -* 
him  moft  worthy  to  reign,  and  that  the  empire  belonged  of  W®}*  ^^* 
right  to  him  after  his  brother.     To  all  the  qualities  requifite  in     ^'P^ 
a  prince,  be  joined  a  great  knowlege  of  things,  and  was  very     '^^** 
jnunificent.     Aaccordingly,  one  of  his  firft  afts  was,  to  diftri- 
bute  the  treafures  which  he  found,  among  his  fons,  the  gran- 
dees, and  the  army ;  nor  was  his  benevolence  confined  to  the 
Mtmgh  alone,  but  Was  extended  to  thofe  of  all  other  nations, 
efpeciafly  the  principal  men  among  theChriftians  *.  His  Mungf 
name  was  NiHdar  Qglan  (A) ;  but,  after  he  had  embraced 
HfohoTftmedi/m,  which  he  did  the  firft  of  all  his  family,  he  af-  TumsMo-^ 
fumed  that  of  Ahmfd.    On  occafion  of  his  converfion,  he  wrote  hammcd- 
a  long  letter  (B)  to  Al  MdUk  al  Manf^r  Kekwn,  folt^n  of  *"• 
Egypt  and  Syria f  who  was  at  that  time  the  moft  confideraHe 
of  all  the  Mohammedan  princes ;   to  let  him  know  that  he 
would  publicly  profefs  the  Muffulman  religion ;  and  offered  his 
fkvour  and  proteftion  to  all  the  profeffors  of  it.     According; 
to  the  Perjlan  hift6rians,  he  fucceeded  Abdffa,  in  prejudice  to 
y^rg4ny  that  prince's  fon ;  and  confirmed  Shamfo'ddtn  and  Atho'l- 
mofk  his  brother  in  aH  their  employments ;  delivering  up  to 
chera  'MagdoUmolk,  their  capital  enemy^  to  cBfpofe  of  as  they 

'  KoNDAM.ubifup.  p.  2.        »  Abw'lpar.  ubi  fup.  p.  361. 

(A)  That  is,  according  to  the  blood  of  ilf^^^i»i»g  cob^ 
t^ii^,iTi'FeA;eir0,JfiHd^t^  tpary  to  his  priiwipkSi.  herhrf 
goadjbn^  therefore  put  a  ^op  Qe  th^  wsm 

(B)  Jiu^ar^j  h,4s  giv^en  a  which  had  been  ie^refd  ia  the 
copy  of  tha^  long  letter  ;.\vhcjter  kurikay*  or  diet,.  c;dkd  by  hi^ 
in  he  acquaints  UTe  foh^ny  that  brother  ^^^a ;  that  Ae  had  pro- 
he  hajl  an  inclination  for  Mq-  vi^ed  for  the  fecarity  of  thQ 
Jhmifin  from  his  youth,  and  de-  pilgrimage  to  Mehka ;  and  given 

£r0d  to  live  in  peace  with  theMa-     liberty  to  all  foreign  merchants 
haffm€dan'^T\siZ%x\  thAt,  to-  fpill    to  trade  in  his  dominions. 

fliould 

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tj6  Jtnghh  Kl^^ s  Suc^efors  B.  V. 

gf.  Khan  fliould  think  fit.      This  foltan's  change  of  reKgion  exdted 
Ahmed,   great  troubles  in  his  family,  and. at  length  throughout  his  do- 
^— "^y^*^  minions :  becaufe  the  Mungls  or  Tatars  of  thofe  times  had 
an  extreme  averfion^  for  the  Mohammedans^   although  they 
loved  the  Chriftians;    fo  that  this  prince,   though  endowed 
with  feveral  excellent  qualities,  could  never  gain  their  affec- 
tions. 
Argun  These  troilbles  began  in  the  very  firft  year  of  his  reign, 

revolts,      at  which  time  ^tho'hnoU:  departed  this  life.     His  nephew  Ar- 
giln,  who  could  not. bear  to  fee  him  upon  a  throne,  which, 
he  pretended,  belonged  to  himfelf,  retired  inunediatcly  into 
the  province  of  Kharajf&ni  where  he  made  preparations  to  dif- 
pute  ^  fovereignty  with  his  uncle ;  but  did  not  declare  him- 
Hej,  683.  felf  openly  till    the  year  683,    when  he  came    to   encamp 
A.  D.     with  his  forces  at  Damegiin.    As  foon  as  Ahmed  received  ad- 
1285.     vice  of  thefe  motions  2X  Bhghdhd^    he  caufed  his  forces  to 
march,  under  the  conduct  of  Al  InM  (C),  a  fage  and  valiant 
commander,  who  foon  difperfed  the  troops  which  Argun  had 
aflembled.     This  young  prince,  being  thus  left  without  an 
army,  was  obliged  to  return  to  Khorajf^,  and  at  length  td 
(hut  himfelf  up  in  the  caftle  of  Burdeh  ;  '^hither  Al  InM  did 
not  fail  to  go  and  befiege  him.    However,  without  ufing  force, 
he  drew  him  out,  by  promifing  to  reconcile  him  to  bis  uncle  ; 
but,  as  foon  as  he  arrived  at  the  imperial  camp,  he  was  con- 
fined by  the  foltan's  order,  and  guarded  by  4000  m^n. 
Ahmed  After  this,  Ahmed,  believing  that  he  had  no  fort  of  dan- 

defo/edi  ger  to  fear,  refolved  to  return  to  B^ghdM,  there  to  enjoy  the 
{wcGi$  of  peace.  Before  his  departure,  he  gave  diredUons  to 
the  amir  Btiga,  who  guarded  Argin,  not  to  let  him  live  above 
feven  or  eight  days.  But  B^pa,  in  concert  with  feveral  other 
lords  of  the  court,  who  could  not  reli/h  the  foft  and  delicate 
manners  of  the  foltafi,  refolved  to  fet  Arg&n  at  liberty,  and 
fall  upon  the  quarters  of  Al  In&k.  This  defign  being  imme- 
diately put  in  execution,  Al  Inak  was  flain,  MWth  the  principal 
officers  of  the  foltanwho  had  remained  in  the  rear-guard  of 
the  army ;  which  latter  was  on  the  n^ch.  Argun  put  himfelf 
at  the  head  of  the  mofl  refolute  troops,  and  purfued  the  fol- 
tan ;  who,  having  received  information  of  this  revolt,  'efcaped 
from  the  city  oH  Esfarayn,  where  he  then  was,  to  the  ^mp 
6f  his  mother  Kutay  Khhtiin,  which  was  towards  Serah  in  Aziff^ 
h^hn.  But  thefcouts  of  Argdn  followed  hhn  fo  fwiftly,  that 
they  foon  overtook,  and  brought  him  to  the  camp  of  his  ne- 
phew. This  prince  forthwith  delivered  him  into  the  hands  of 
and  tut  to  foltina  KAngortAy,  his  mother-m-law ;  who  put  him  to  death, 
d€Atb^ 

(CJ  Or  Airau^J^tZikiJiul/arsif. 

to 


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t  s.  /» Ir4n,  dr  If^epfia  at  Ufgil  177 

10  cevei^  tile  lofs  of  her  children,  whom  he  had  ferved  in  the  3.  Khah 
fame  manner*  This  happened  in  the  year  683  *»,  after  he  had  Ahmed, 
itigned  two  year$  and  two^months.  •  ^'•■**»«^ 

AccoiLDiNG  to  Jb^'^araj,  Ahmed  had  ordered  Al  YanAk  to 
bring  ^^an  after  him  to  his  mother's  relidenc6,  for  which  he 
intended  ito  fist  out  next  ^noming  :  but  that,  at  night,  break- 
ing the  affidr  to  a  certain  great  lord,  he  faid,  lie  could  not  be 
.&cure,  uolefs  he  made  away  whh  ArgAn^  and  the  reft  of  his 
nephews*    When  the  amir  Buga.  came  to  underfland  Ahmed*i 
intention,  he  ftaid  ibehind  the  fokan  next  day^.  under  pretence 
of  bufineis;  and,  when  night  came,  made  known  to  all  the 
princes  oi  the  blood  what  Ahmed  had  refolved  upon.     The         , 
princes,  pierced  with  ai^r  at  this  news,  went  all  in  a  body,  to 
the  place  where  Atgkn  was  confined,  and  brought  him  forth  • . 
then,  mounting  him  on  a  horfe,  they  rode  to  the  quarters  of 
M  TanSik  ;  and,  rufhing  on,  flew  him,  and  all  the  great  men 
concerned  with  him,  In  the  tent.   *  After  this,  they  ordered 
what  they  had  done    to  be  publifhed  through  the   camp^ 
Which  jremained  very  quiet  on  the  occafion.     Next  mom-i 
img  they  fent  a  numerous  body  of  forces'  to  purfue  Ahmedf 
whom  they.ioverto6k;  and,  having  pillaged  his  Whole  ord;^^ 
J>rought  lum  back  with  his  hands  bound.     Hereupon  they  de-* 
.pofed  Ahmedy  as  not  fit  to  govern ;  and  fet  Arg^n  on  his  fii^ 
■ther's  throne,  on  Wedmfday  the  eleventh  of  Jmada  prior ^  ill 
the  year  above-mentioned. 

Many  of  the  amirs  and  great  lords  were  fdf  having  the  de-^ 
'po&d  khan  put  to  death.  Argin  t6ld  them,  thlt  he  ^itrould 
i2ot  confent  to  have  his  uncle  flain/  but  (hould  leasve  it  to 
Kungurtay^  his  mother-in-law,  and  her  fons,  to  dlfpofe  of  him 
as  they  thought  fit.  This  being  refolved  on,  he  was  deliverecl 
into  theirpower  ;  and,  after  a  feW  days  refpite,  her  fens  de^  inrHidia* 
prived  him  of  life,  on  Wednefday  the  feeond  of  Jbmaia  ftfie-  Hon. 
rior^  to  revenge  the  blood  of  thdr  fether,  which  he  had  (hed  *< 
On  his  death  the  crown  returned  to  the  fons  of  Abika  JOfin* 

^   s  E  c  T.  n: 

^be  Reign  iff  ,Ar^nt\&n, 

Ji  frfobn  as  Argtln  was  upon  the  throne, .  he  gave  the  cfeief  4.  IChaii 
*^  poft  in  the  empire  to  Bit^a^  or  Boga,  wh6  difpojTed  qf  Argun, 
tvery  thing  with  an  aimoft  abiblute  power.     ShdrnfcTddm  Satd,  v— «v^i--J 
who  was,prcfid,ent  of  the  diw^i\,  that  is,,  cfelef  pf .  tbf  coijn-  ^^J-  5^ J 

(  A.    Urn 

^  KoNDAMiR,  ubi  fup,  p.  7a.  art.  Ahmed,  *  Abu^lfar.     **^' 

*fOD.4IiST- Vol.  V.  U  c^s. 

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1 78  Jcflghiz  KhAn'j  Sucajfon  B.  T. 

4.  Khan  cils  (A),  in  the  rdgn  of  Ahmed^  upon  that  prince's  depofitioa, 
Argun,    retired  from  court ;  and  had:  already  left  IJ^hdUy  in  order  to 
^"■^""^  go  into  HinMft&n^  \^hen  ArgAn^  whofe  good-will  he  fufpedted, 
.  fent  for  him,  and  confirmed  him  in  his  office  :  but  BugOy  find- 
ing his  authority  thus  divided,  prefently  dontrived  how  to  get 
rid  of  him.     To  do  his  buflnefs  the  fhortefl  way,  he  accnied 
Said  of  poifoning  his  father  AbMa ;  and  the  tcx>  credulous 
prince,  without  examining  the  depofitioos  of  the  .witnefTes, 
facrificed  tiiat  great  man  to  the  ambition  c^  his  oval,  who 
wanted  to  put  in  his  pbce  a  creature  of  his  own  \ 
ffheivazir      This  is  the  account  of  Kondamir  the  Perjian  hiftorian: 
Sa';d  but  Aim  'Ifaraj  relates  the  affair  with  othd*  circumfknces.    Ac- 

cording to  him,  Argun  receiYied  the  information  (but  itis  not 
tncntioned  from  whom)  in  the  rdgn  of  Ahmed ;  and  thereupon 
ient  Shamfo'ddtn  to  acquaint  the  khin  his  uncle ;  defiriog,  tt 
the  fame  time,  that  Said  might  be  deUvered  up  to  him«  As 
Ahmtd  refufed  to  grant,  his  requeft,  Arg4n  concluded  that  he 
.  was  pleafed  with  his  father's  death.  When  Argin  was  fettled 
in  the  throne,  the  prcfident  of  the  diwan  fled  to  the  mouB- 
,  tains  of  AJkt^Az^  to  the  tribe  of  Kurds  named  jti  L&r  y  whofe 
prince,  T^f^f  Shdh^  delivered  him  up  to  the  khan.  Sham/o^d' 
dln^  uitet  offering  100  tumans  in  gpld  to  fave  his  life,  defired 
time  to  raife  more  money,  by  felling  the  refidue  of  his  eflate, 
.and  borrowing  of  his  friends,  Ha\dng,  by  this  o^ans,  made 
up  eighty  tumans  more,  he  brought  them :  and,  on  deUvering 
tiiem,  £ud.  This  is  all  I  am  able  to  raife  ;  do  with  me  what 
you  dhifik  fit.  Hereupon  ArgAn  ordered  him  to  be  put  to 
death ;  and  he  was  accordingly  executed  on  Tuefday  the  fifth 
of  Skaahdn  683.  • 

put  t9  -  *  ^  ^-^  ^^'  ODTX  IN  was  a  man  endowed  with  great  under* 
^kath.  ftanding  and  experience ;  perfeflty  verfed  in  all  the  art  of 
government,  and  eminent  for  his  humility :  he  always  fainted 
ihofe  he  met  firft,  and  fuffered  no  man  to  prevent  him\  Se* 
veral  .elegies  wei:c  compofed,  to  confole  the  people  for  his  iofs  1 
and  the  hiflorians  report  ^is  circumflance  of  his  death,  that, 
when  thecxecutioncr  entered;  to;  perform  his  office,  he  made 
the  ablution  ufual  before  their  prayers ;  and  then  opening  the 
koran,  to  draw  thtfdiy  or  good  lot,  met  with  thefe  words: 
"  They  who  fay  to  God,  'Tis  you  who  are  our  mafler  uand 
**  to  thofe  who  walk  in  the  right  path,  and  conformable  to 
^  /'  that  belief,  God  will  fend  angels  to  comfort  th^m  in  thdr 

•  1Co*^i5AUii:^ap.  D'Herb:  p.  126.  art.  Argoun.       -^  AbvV 

FAR.   p.  368.  ,  . 

(A)  A  dignity  fuperior  to  that  of  prime  wazir. 

Digitized  byCjOOQl(^ 


Ca  j#  In  Hn>  cr  Ferfia  at  largi.  if^ 

*'  afli£UoaS|  and  aflure  them  of  the  paradife  \¥liich>has  beea  4-  Khan 
**  promifed  to  them."  Arjg6q;' 

.    However  fhis  be,  Bitga,  feeing  from  J  ■  ■"y!^'^ 

fuch  a  collegue,  fet  no  bounds  to  h:  &  to  ^  jew 

fuch  a  pitch  of  authority^  that  he  h  r*  to  'wazir. 

become  mafter  of  the  iwhole.     At  ienj  lafk ; 

and,  in  686,  revolted  openly  againft InotH^.  686. 

pufh  his  fortune  any  great  length ;  for  he  was  flain  miferably,  A.  D. 
m  the  midfi:  of  his  enterprile.  After  Buga's  death,  a  Je^,  1187. 
named  Saedo'ddawlety.  by  profeffion  a  phyfician,  and  very 
agreeable  ii^  converfation>  became  fo  much  in  favour  with  Soi- 
tari  Argun^  that  ^  the  affairs  of  -the  greateft  lords  of  the  em- 
pire depended  on  him.  He  put  many  of  his  own  nation  and 
religion  into  employments ;  without  hurting,  however,  the  in- 
tereft  of  the  Chriftians,  who  were  veiy  powerful  at  court. 
The  MuJJulmant  were  the  only  people  who  had  no  credit  there^ 
efpecially  fmce  the  death  of  Said ;  which  made  them  murmur 
continuahy  againft  both.  Argun,  at  the  folicitation  of  thefe 
latter,  had  taken  from  them  (the  Mtijfulmans)  all  the  places 
belongii^g  to  the  judicature,  a^  well  as  the  finances.  In  /hort, 
the  two  ruling  parties  carried  things  fo  far  at  laft,  that  they 
denied  them  accefs  to  the  foltin's  camp  ;  and,  in  the  end,  for- 
bad them  to  appear  at  court. 

•    ARGUN,  fay  the  hiftorians;  "had  promifed  the  Chriftians  Death  cf 
to  convert  the  temple  of  Mekka  ifito  a  church ;  where,  inftead  Argfin. 
t)f  worihipfwng  the  Almighty  God,  they  would  have  adored  fta-   . 
tues  and  images.  But  t^rovidence, which  always. watches  over  the 
prcfcrvadon  of  Mt^lemifniy  arid  the  prayers  of  good  Moham^ 
medansy  prevented  this  great- revolution ;  for  Argini^fick 
iit  that  very  junfture.    All  they,  throughout  the  empire^  who 
had  an  intereft  in  the  life  of  that  prince,  fpared  father  prayerd      *  *    ' 
nor  alms ;  and  the  Jew  Saed6*dd^awlety  who  was  prime  mini- 
fter,  fent  exprefe  orders  into  all  the  provinces,  to  re^eftablifli 
riie  things  which  he  had  unfeafonably  changed/'  But,  as-the 
moment  of  the  foltan's  death  was  fixed,  neither  their  prayers 
nor  alms  availed  any  thing.    Mean  time  Argttn  grew  extremely 
ixreak,  and  was  even  near  his  laft  agony,  when  he  had  the  mbr* 
tification  to  underftand  that  his  favourite  the  Jew  was  afiaifir 
naced  by  his  enemies.     In  fine,  the  foltan  died  in  the  year  690 ;  Hci.  6go, 
and  the  MuJfubnanSy  reckon^g  hts  death  among  the  miracles     A.  D. 
of  Mohamntedy  fay,  that  it  reftored  Mojlemifiny  which  l;iad  re-     1291. 
ceived  a  great  diftionour  under  this  prince's  reign. 

Some  Arab,  hiftorians,  as  Abti'V'eda,  r.elate,  that  the  favou-  7^^  jewf 
rite  Jew  was  put. to  death  on  a  mfpicion  of  having  poifoued  majjucred. 
ills  Mkfer.    Whether  this  accufation  was  .u*ue  or  iaUe,  it,  is 

M.«     .^  .certain^ 


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lie  Jeii^h  khin^s  Succef(^s    '  KVl 

4.  Khfii  certain,  that  the  aiemlea  of  the  Jews,  who  haS*  beheld,  with 
^A^^;  envlottsejes,  the  great  authority  they  wefem,and;"it  maybe, 
"'^  ^  ^  fntfeircd  manv  mjuriet  at  their  hands,  took  this  occafion,  after 
the  death  of  the  fottan  and  his  minifter,  to  be  revengal,  by 
making  a  cruel  ndSacre  of  them. 

It  was-  Jrgun  Kh^n  who  coni5rmed  MaffM^  fon  of  Kny 
XawSf  laft  foltan  but  one  of  the  SelJ^h  of  Rim,  in  the  do- 
minions which  his  family  then  pofleffed  in  Afia  Minor  \ 

s  p  c.T,  m. 

The  Reign  of  GanjatA  Khan. 

;.  Khan  HrHIS  prince,  named  alfo  Kajfkt4  (A),  and  KayhitA,  was 

GanjatO-    •*•    the  fon  of  Abdka  Kh&ny  and  fticceeded  Atgtn  Khin  in  the 

'  empire  of  the  Mungls  in  IrAn.    Kondamir,  the  Perfian  hiflo- 

rian,  remarl{;s,  that  the  true  name  of  this  prince  was  AyktdA^ 

or  CaykatiHy  which,  in  the  Mungl  language,  fignifies  marvel' 

9^Jiy  fine  andjbining.     He  addi,  that  this  prince,, notwith- 

ftandif^  his  debauches,  was  the  moft  liba:^  of  aU  the  <fe* 

fcendants  of  Nulak4 ;  and  adminiftered  jufticc  with  fo  qitich 

circumfpeftion,  that,  under  his  rdgn,  no  innocent  perfoa  fafr 

fered  death.     Bahi  Boky  or  BqfH  Mcg^  was  generaliffimo  of  tbd 

annies  of  this  j>rince,  uiidet-  Ac  title  of  jSrAroH  Omara  ;  and 

Khmx^eh  Sddrd'dJin  Khaled  Ze$^i  was  his  prinie  waztr. 

dntreus,       GANJATU  Kh&n  fullied  all  the  good. qualities  which  he 

hut  de-     was  poffcflfed  of,  by  his  ex<^e$ve  lewdi>tfs.   At  length,  feveral 

hauched.    l^rdi  of  his  court,  wfaofe  daughters  he  had  fdzed  to  put  k 

^2  r?^  bis  haiim,  confpired  ag^nft  l^n^  imd  fobicf  of  thf  «i  were  vb^ 

^'  ^-    jMifoncdon  the  occafion :  but  tte  reft  fent  privately' to  BayHi 

"^    Qg^h  kaxdiTkrgay  (B),  andgrandfooof  HuhH,  then  gji* 

yei!nor  of  BagbdM^  mforming  him ;  that,  to  jcafe  h^  took  me 

^d  without  d^y,  he  might  eafiLy  become  uiaAer  of  theem<' 

fMre.    Baydiy  having  gadtiered  wh^t  -  trobpfi  he  could  ^t  lb 

^hort  a  warning,  advanced  tawardaMii^Ai  (C),  Wh^e  Caf^s$£ 

waited  for  him  with  his  army  :  but  th'^  prince,  finding  biffAH 

Betrayed  and  abandoned  by  his  gerierak,  e&aped  to'  a  c^rtw 

grotto ;  whither  being. followed  by  chofe  Idnd^  whom  h^  hid 

.      r  ■  .CoiapAM.  ^bifup«  p.  126,  &feq. 

*  (A)  This  happens  by  change-.  Pocgci,,  fup)^»  ad  hlft.  dyqaft. 

|ng  the  .puD^iuatloD,.  or   dia-    p.  2. 

-i        '       fritical  points,  of  the  xun  and  '  "  "  (C)  A  great  plain- in  Azethi- 

^'      '     jhn,  fo  as  to  cohvcrtthofe  let-    ji^n^  bounded 'on  the  mnth-br 

^ters'into^jii  AnH-kba,  the  riveri  Afi^s  and  AjSt*  awl 

^A^JBI^farghit  or  Tsr^ytb,  See    oa  the  edl  by  the  CaJ];ian  fea. 

imprifoncd,    J 

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C^r*  J^Mn,  oK^cr&L  as  target  iti 

im{fe-^>n^  aod  who  had  b^eo  nelealed  by  the  reft  of  the  con*  s*  K^^i^ 
fpirators,  he  was  by  them  aflkflinaCed,  in  the  year  694  ».  Ganjatu. 

This  is  the  account  of  K^ndamtr :  but  his  Uxkcr^Mirkcnd  SrvrrW 
Bdates  the  occaiipa  of  the  rebellion  differ^tly.    Accordii^  to   ^^J?.  ^  - 
dus  authoi^y  he  would  have  introduced  paper,  ^oney  into  Per*  ^^^'^^.  t 
j£»,  to  pafi,  aa  it  did  in  Ketau  Kotan  (D) :  but  i^  met  with  ^'^'^ 
gre^t  oppQfitioQ,<;hiefly  frixa  his  qnck  Badu,  w^ho^  on  this  pre* 
tenoe,  mack  wat  on»  aaid  il^'bisi^  m  693,  aftcc  ^.had  reigne(i( 
^  three  years  ^.  .     j   •    :        ^ 

S  E  C  T.    IV,    ^ 
rbe  ^eign  cf  fiaydfi  Khan.^   • 

'T^HE  partifans  of  this  prince,  having  flain  Canjatiy  faluted  fi,  Khaa 

'-■*.  him  emperor  in  the  city  of  HwmadArii  and  afterwards  Baydik. 

caufi-d  him  to  be  proclaimed  thfo'  all  the  provinces  and  cities  " 

6f  the  emph-e.  The  firft  thing  he  did,  on  alcendii^  the  throne, 

was,  to  teftlfy  his  gratitude  to  Dogajar^  who  had  been  the 

principal  inftrument  of  his  advamrement,  by  pving  him  the 

chief  command  of  all  his  troops  ;  at  the  fame  time  be  made 

Mi  friend  Jamdh'ddtn  prefident  of  the  diwan,  or  his  council. 

Mean  time  GdzAn^  or  KhzAn,  who,  from  the  death  of  hit  fa-* 

A«-,  poflfefled  the  government  of  Khorafftn,  refolved  to  re- 

vaige  the  death  (rf  Ganjati;  and,  for  that  purpofe,  confulted 

with  the  amir  NevjrAz  Gdzi ;  with  whom,  for  fome  time  paft, 

he  had  been  in  friendftiip.     This  amir  was  the  fon  of  Argm 

Aga^  who  had  poflefled  Khoraffin  as  governor,  under  the  de«» 

imdants  of  Jenghtz  Khhi,  during  ^he  fpace  of  thirty-nine 

yvtrs  (A).    After  his  father's  death,  he  became  an  officer  iq 

At  court  of  the  emperor  Argun  KMn^  where  he  continued 

iHl  fuch  dnc  as  that  prince  put  to  death  Bega^  his  friend  and 

relation :  for,  beii^  in  fear  of  meeting  with  the  feme  fate,  he 

fled  to  the  moft  eaftem  part  of  Irdn.    There,  making  open 

foxfeffion  of  Mohammedani/m,^  he  waged  war  upon  the  ene- 

nies  of  that  rdigiout  and  gained  feveral  great  advantages  over 

Aem      On  this  occtfiop  he  had  many  quarrels  with  Gdzan; 

vho  then  governed  the  province  of  Khoraffiin :  but  at  length, 

matters  h^g  accommodated  between  them»  the  amir  came  to 

*  KoNBAifi  tbifup.  p.  159.  ait,  Ganga,  ^  ^Muxond 
tp,  Texeira,  p.  Jii- 

(D)  Bjr  this  mud  be  under-  wfit  in  6co,  at  mentioned  ib  tike 
food  iptfajr»  or  periiaps  Litttk  rttoi  of  i&Aii%  he  -maft  have 
9iiiBdria.  died  in  689,  the  fiztfa  er  fetenth 

(A)  As  he  was  made  gover*    jms  oiJr^KU/it.wtiffi. 

M  3  *iC' 


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Jenghiz  Kimi' sSucceprr  B.  V; 

klfs  the  feet  of  that  prince,  and  thenceforth  became  his  beft 
friend.  »        . 

'      GA'ZAN  having  confulted  Ne^r&z  abotft  die  msmner  of 
Gazan       wrefting  the  provinces  of  j^zefh^An  and  Ii^hk  out  of  the  hands 
$aMesarmf.  ^f  Baydu,  to  join  them  to  Kh&raJJf&n,  which  he  already  pot 
feflid  ;  that  amir  told  him  boldly,  that,  if  he  would  embrace 
MohaTTtmedifin;  he  woald  do  his  ntmoft  to^  put  him  in  pof- 
fefEon  of  the  empire,  and  expel  his  rival,     G&zan,  witliout 
bcfitation,  gave  himfelf  up  to  the  direftion  of.  Nevjriz ;  and, 
foon  after,  made  public  profeffion  of  M9jlemifiny  in  the  city 
of  Firuzkuh  :  where  a  great  nurnber  of  ^perfons  embraced  the 
fame  faith,  and  entered  into  his  party.     When  this  was  done, 
he  fet  forward  with  a  numerous  ^riny,  fhaping  his  march  to- 
wards Rdy :  and,  bemg  arriyed  near  that  dty,  fent  an  em-* 
baflador  to  Baydi4^  Xo  demand  the  murderers  of  foltan  Ganja* 
V  tu:  but  no  regard  was  paid  to  hi$  application.     Hereupon  he 

refolved  to  naake  ufe  of  hoftilities  ;  ^and  his  fcouts  having  met 
with;  the  van-guard  of  Baydtf's  army,  defeated,  and  took  moft 
of  them  prifoners ;  while  the  reft  carried  tbQ  news  of  this, 
rupture  to  their  camp  ^. 
Comes  to  GAZANy  after  gaining  this  advantage,  having  reqourfc  to 
Urm^  artifice,  fent  a  fecond  embaffador  to  Baydu^  to  cxcufe  what 
had  happened,  pi^etending  it  was.  done  without  bis  knpwlege* 
This  apology  having  been  accepted  of,  it  was  ^reed  that  the 
two  princes  fhould  have  an  interview,  each  accompanied  with 
a  certain  number  of  perfons  in  his  train.  They  met,  and  a. 
conference  was  held ;  in  which,  after  many  coi?apl}aients  on 
both  fides,  G&zdn  demanded  of  Baydfi  the  government  of  th|t 
provinces  of  Pars  and  Irfik^  to  hold  of  him  by  way.  of  h<^ 
mage.  The  khan  (B),  who  defir^d  nothing  fo,much  as  peaoBt 
,  yielded  to  his'requeft :  after  which  it  was  agreed,  that^  the 

day  following,  a  iplendld  entertainment  fhould  be  made,  for 
joy  of .  this  accommodation  ;  and  that  the  two  princes  (hould 
vilit  each  other  in  his  tentt  But  Ga%an^  having  been  infom^ 
that  a  plot  was  laid  to  aflaflinate  him  on  his  entering  the  khap's 
tent,  bi'Qke  off  the  cQnferen(:e,  ^nd  immcdiatdy  returned  with 
bis  army  into /T/f'ora^a/?. 
5ayd4  However,,  fo  foon  as  h^  arrivigd  m  that  province,. he  ienta. 

eludei     ,    third  ambafTador  to  acquaint  Baydd^  that  the  caufe  of  his  hafly 
^i^m,        fctum,  without  taking  leave  rtE  hiiji^^  wa^  fbcyadvic^  h^  b^d 

«  KoNDAM.  ubifop.  p.  178.  art.  Baido. 

(B)    Our  Okititdr  codHnoitlyi  if^  Icing,   or  fov^rcign  |irlnc«^i 

WjSo,th?^IWfr  being  ^^nanwr/'    -^  ' 

■    '*  '  -  ^'^  ^'      ^reccivfd 

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C.  3.'  In  Hn,  OP  Ptrfii  at  larger  183 

received  of  a  revolt  among  fome  of  his  officers ;  and  prayed;  ^.  Khan 
at  the  fame  time,  that  he  would  fend  his  orders  into  the  two..  B^j<iu. 
provinces  above-mentioned^  for  delivering  them  up  to  him,  ^***^'^'^ 
purfuant  to  his  grant.     Baydil  diflembled  the  c^iagtin  whicl^^^ 
GAzdn's  abrupt  departure. had  givea  him  ;  and  directed  Jamdl^ 
,    c'ddin,  his  wazir,  to  difpatch  the  orders  for  putting  the  offi- 
cers of  that  prince  in  pofleffion  of  thofe  provinces.     Jamdl* 
c^ddin  did  fo :  but,  at  the  fame  time,  gave  orders  underhand 
to  the  contrary;  fo  that  Cdzdn's  officers  were  obliged  to  re- 
turn without  accompliflung  the  bufincfs  which  they  were  fent 
about.     Hereupon  the  amir  T^ewruz^  who  managed  the  affairs 
of  Gdzdn^  periuaded  that  prince  to  depute  bin*  fo  go  to  the 
fpltan's  court,  under  pretence  ^f  foliciting  his  intereft  tlier^^     j. 
but  the  real  end  of  fis  embaffy  was,  to  form  a  party  againft) 

Baydi,  in  favour  of  his  mafter.     In  effeft,  he  managed  his    ^ ^., 

intrigue  fo  well,  that,  having  gained  l)ogdjary  prime  minifter 
of  Bayd&^  they  agreed  togeUier  to  dethrone  this  prince,  anJ ' 
fet  up  Gazdn  in  his  room.  '    *  \ 

Mean  time  BaydH^  who  had  fome  fufpicion  of  NewrAz^jsJeceinfti 
caufed  him  to  be  watched,  and  would  riot  fuffcr  him  to  ftir  by  New* 
out  of  his  palace  r  but  that  amir  aflured  him,  with  fo  many  ruz. 
oaths,  that,  if  he  would  permit  him  to  return  to  KhoraJJin^ 
he  would  deliver  GAzAn  bound  into  his  hands,  that  at  length 
he  obtained  leave.     It  is  reported,  that,  as  foon  as  Newruz 
returned  to  Khordjfdn^  to  fave  his  oath,  he  fent  a  kettle  tied 
up  in  a  bag  to  Baydu;  thus  joining  raillery  to  his  knavery :  for 
G&z&n^  or  KAz&n  (which  word  is  pronounced  indifterently  ei- 
ther way),  iignifies,  in  the  Mungl  or  Turkijh  language^  a  kcttU^ 
The  foltan  perceived,  by  this  proceeding,  that  he  had  made  a 
falfe  ftep,  in  letting  the  amir  Newruz  efcape  out  of  his  hands  x 
but  now  there  was  no  help  for  it.     In  effeft,  that  lord:,  after 
having  corrupted  the  principal  officers  of  Baydt}*s  court,  went 
back,  to  difpofe  Gdzdn  to  put  in  execution  the  defign  which  . 
he  had  long  thought  upon ;  while  Shamfo'ddtn  arrived  very 
leafonably  to  forward  the  enterprife  :  for  he  iiiformed  Cdzdn^ 
who  was  then  at  Sebzivar,    of  the  divifions  which  reigned 
among  the  lords  of  Baydit's  court,  and  the  general  averfion 
which  the  people  had  to  his  perfon. 

GAZAN  finding,  by  this  intelligence,  that  things  were  D^firtei^ 
arrived  at  the  pafs  he  wiflied  them  at,  loft  no  time,  but  fent  andfioiuk. 
NewrUz  before  with  the  van^guard  of  his  army.  This  con;i- 
mander  fet  out  immediately,  and  fpoiled  the  country  where- 
ever  he  came  :  at  the  fame  time  he  made  fuch  hafte,  that,  in 
one  night's  fpace,  he  reached  a ,  camp,  which  was  only  two 
days  joutney  diftant  from  t;bat  of  the  foltan^  So  foon  as  J9a- 
^^ar,  lUKi  thofc  of  his  cabal,  who  had  the  chief  pofts  in  the 

M  4  ih^*$ 


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1 8i  J^ngbtz  KUti^s  SuciUph. '  B.  V, 

6.  Khitt  kWbi^s  army,  heard  that  Nev)ri%  was  arrived,  they,  like  bafe 

Baydik.   trsdtors,  left  theh*  camp,  and  went  over  to  his  troops.    The 

V^ry**^uxrfortunate  l)rince,  thus  abandoned  by  bis  army,  had  oodiing 

for  it  but  to  fly ;  and,  thinking  he  taigHt  be  fafe  in  Nakh- 

fvv&n  (or  Nak/hivduy  in  Jrrdn)^  took  the  road^lo  that  city: 

but  Newriz  purfucd  hiin  fo  hotly,  that  he  overtook  him  by 

tile  way,  and  put  him  to  death  (G),  after  a  reign  of  no  more  thaa 

c^ht  mpnthS;,  iu  flie  year  694**. 

S  E  C  T.    V. 

.      >    ^be  Reign  of  Gazap  or  Klzin  KhK  ,  . 

y.Khin'  Yp>^^^Ary;5^«,  ^yho  took  the  name  rf  MahmM,  after  he 
Gazan.      VlT  turned  Mohammedariy  was  the  fon  o\  ArgAn  KHn,    Tfe 
W^y^'?  prince,  was  no.fobnerori  the  throne,  than  he  received  advice 
th^t  fome  of  his  kindred  had  pafted  the  Jthun,  in  order  to 
dnpute  it  w|th  him.     Hereupon  he  fent  Ne'wru%  againfl  them 
...   ,  with  a  potent  army  ;  who  ci>Uged  thofe  princes  to  return,  and 
*  *"    ;.    \i3iVt  G$zan  to  enjoy  in  peace,  a  kingdom,  which  he  governed 
with  much  "syifdoni  and  equity.  *^.  liji 'effe<ftj,  he  oft^n  fat  him- 
felf  in  his  cpurt  of  juftice,  wKere  all  his  mbjects  might  freely 
i4ak6  'their.cQ9iplaints  againfi  the  greateft  lords  and  prime  mi- 
nUlers  of  hts'cpurt ;  whom  he  obliged  to  make  fatisfaftion,  acr 
cording  to"n\eVrongs  which  they  had  done*. 
fH^i  /a  The  2Li[a\tNewruz,  who  had  rendered  his  mafter  fuch  fig-, 

f^f!'*         nal  fervices  in  Kboraffar\y  was  again  fent  thither  in  quality  of 
governor :  but  he  was  no  fooner  arrived,  than  feveral  lords  of 
the  country,  who  fought  that  preferment,  and  envied  his  ad-5 
vanceinent,    created  a  fufpicipn   of  him  ^t  court;  this  they 
,  (;onfirmed,  hy  means  of  a  letter  of  Newr&Zy  which  they  pre-, 
tended  to  have  intercepted,  and  fent  to  Sadro'ddin  Kh^edy  pre-, 
fident  of  the  dUvan ;  by  whi^h  "he  feemed  to  enter  into  com- 
bination with  the  king  of  Eg^.pi^  to  make  war  on  GH&Jiy 
As  ibon  as  the  foltan  was  informed  of  this  plot,  he,  without 
inquiring  farther  into  the  matter,  immediately  affembJed  hi^ 
Hej.  696.  troops,  in  the  year  696  ;  and,  fending  them  into  Klorajfan^ 
'  A.  Di     under  the  conduft  of  Kutluk  Sh4h,  ordered  that  general  not 
I Z96.     tp  return  to  cpurt,   till  he  had  puniftxed  Newruz  for  his  re- 
^isge'keraJ  lyQiiiQ^      Gdz&n  was  at  this  time  at  Hamaddn^  where  he  ufii" 
Newriujjj  •'    ^     .'.,.•-•■■•■   ~    , 

*  KpNDAM,  u^)i  fup.  p.  178.  ait-  Baidfi,  ^  Ideni,i;bi  fup, 

p*.  365.  art.  ^ajzan.    f  ococic.  fuppl.  ad  Abu'lf.  p.  %,    ' 

'  (C)  Mtrkdndi  mTei^eiray  faj^?  tnere  djfpatched  him:  J)af  JTwi- 
the  waztr,  who  f^ized  him,  cat-  /iamr-  fays,  he  was  pat  to'4earf^ 
rl^d  him  ba^k  tp  Tauris,  and    at  NuihJkiiAiun. 

■*       \  «aj 


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C:  3; .  A  TiAn,  or  Perfia  at  Imgc  t%i 

aHy  nefidfed,  alAo"^  Itt  had  btea  cro^me*  !a  Tauris,  the  capltaF  7.  Khai> 
of  his  empre ;  becaafe  the  cRfptttes  whkh  he  had  in:  Syria,    Glziti. 
with  the  king  of  Egypf,  obfiged  hito  tcxbenear  Aat  pfd-'^-^V"^ 
vince  (A).     Ktaluk  SM^,  having  entered  KhoraJJhi^  pifefently 
conftrained  Newr4z  tt>  abandon  his  government,  and  retire 
towards  FakrcfdMn  Mihk  Itirty  who  was  his  fon-m-law  and' 
preature:  but  thi«  faithlrfs  prince,  forgetting  all  his  obliga- 
tions, a^  well  as  duties  of  alBance  and  hofpitsdity,  deliver^ 
him  up,  loaded  with  ch»ns,  into  the  hands  of  Kutluk  ShAhy        , 
who  pat  him  to  d^ath  on  the  fpot,  and.  fent  hb  head  tor 
Ci^n.  ■     ■  '  '^ 

In  697,  G^4te4«  gave  the  government  oT  Jf  ,^2 

At-^d^u  (or  j^'jaytu),  iSi  brother;  who  ha 
with  Mdlek  KArty  on  account  of  the  rteame 
mon« :  but  at  length  they  came  to  an  agreem 

.  the  mafd  SheMbo'ddin  JkrM.    In  699  G&tiifi  5^ 

Sadr%^dMn  Jlenjdm,  fornamed  Sadr  JeKhty  D, 

f«-  nlifmanagements  in  the  finances  ;  btirt,  ii  ^9. 

y&m  of  the  great  "\Vealth  which  he  pofltflet 
having  been  pot  to  death,  his  emplojrmcnt  wa$  divided  between* 
two  coftfiderable  officers  of  ftate.  '   .  ! 

The  fame  year  GSzdn  entered  Syriay  afid  gave  battle  }o  jfffvadts 
Naffer  y  fon  of  Kakwn,  fdtan  of  Egyft,  near  the  city  of  j^erhs  ;^  Syria, 
in  which  the  latter,  being  defeated,  efcapedwkhnomorethan' 
feven  horfemen.     After  this,  Kutluk  ShAhy  the  ^wng/ general, 
took  Damajkus  by  comp^'fitioii>  arid  illihe  reft  of  Syria  was 
fubdned  :  but^  (hortly  after  CtUn  iLpiropsLSkdih^  Euphrates y 
to  return  to  ffamadfm,  the  Syrians  cut  the  thioats  of  all  the 
^^«g^/ garrifons  thro*  the  Couiltry.    In- 76a  GAz&n  niade  a'H^'.  703/ 
fecpml  expedition  into  Syria,  and  came  to  Hiakp  y  where,  hav>     A.  D. 
ing  i^nt  fome  time  ^  divert  himfdf,  he  lefit  the  caCre  of  recover-   ^i30£. 
iBg  that  province  \o  Kutluk  ShM,  and  his  other  generals.   Mean  , 
fupsie  Naffiry  hearing  of  his  return  into  Syria,  ws^s  come  witH 
a  powerful  army  to  Dam^fkus ;  where  he  waited  for  the  khaa^ 
who  had^ready  pafled  the  Euphrates,  in  his  yay  back :  while  His  foraq 
his  generals,  deceived  by  their  fpies,  and  knowing  nothing  of  def sated. 
Jf4fffer*$  ai-rival,   advanced   towards  Damafiusy  e^pefting  to 
forprife  it  j  when,  of  ^fudden,  their  van^ard,  having: -de- 
fcried  the  army  of  Najjery\  was  obliged  to  come  to  an  engwe-'^ 
ment.     The  battle  w^s  long  and  bloody  (EJ) :  but  altho'  3ie 

(A).  But  Tatf^is  is  as  near  Sy*  tbe  moil  famoos.  geograpli^  of 

fia  sksHamaddn.  the  eaft,  ^yas  in    the  arm'/   oJF 

(B)  ABuIfeda  Ifmaely    prince  Kajfer  when    this    batde    was 

^  ^i22y^i&,  a  gr^at  liiftor|aK\,  ^a4  C'^^S'^^          ' 

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if6  Je»^z  K]^'sSu££ifffbrs  KV: 

7.  Khait  amtr  JubAn  did  furpitGog  things,  yet,  not  b^ig  Vdl  fup- 

Gazan..  ported  hj  the  other  Mungl  officers,  who  turned  their  backf 

V*ry*^  to  the  enemy,  the  latter  gained  a  complete  ^ftory. 

fifgj  jeath;      KUTL  UK  Sh&hy  having  been  thus  vanquiflied,  retired  with 

'  his  forces^  of  which  he  had  loft  10,000,  into  Perjia\  and, 

near  Kazwhi,  joined  the  foltan,  who  raif arded  the  valour  of 

the  amir  Jfubdn,  and  punifhed  with  the  korrah,  or  whip,  ac- 

cording  to  the  Mungl  difcipline,  thof^  who  had  not  done  thdr 

duty. ,  Not  long  after  this,  he  becsuae  bedriddea;  and  died, 

greatly  lamented  by  all  his  fubj^ds,  in  a  place  named  Sbht 

'mia3s.    Gazan,  that  is,  the  Damaikus  of  Gazan  ^.     This  was  a  town 

built  by  this  emperor  of  the  Mungls,  near  Tauris,  in.iinitadoa 

of  the  Syrian  Damq/kus,  and  adorned  with  a  ftatdy  mofque ; 

wher^  he  was  interred  in  the  year  703  •    It  was  the  only  fc- 

jwajcre  of  the  ^ufigis^  which  ijemaincd  ftanding  in  the  time  of 

.  Konda^r,^  ^bout  '^00  years  after.    He  built  two  odier  cities 

to  which  he  gave, the  names  of  Kaherah  (or  Kayro)  and  Halep. 

In  the  year  702  this  prince  eftabliihed  Kaykobid^  fon  <rf  Ftra* 

foorz^  laft  fpltan  of  the  Seljiiks  of  Rhn^  or  Anatolia,  in  the 

fpvereignty  of  thofe  dominions  S    G&z,&n,  according  to  Al  Jan- 

nabii  died  the  thirteenth  of  the  month  Shawal,  near  Hamadin 

(others  lay  in  Ray) ;  and  thence  was  conveyed  to  Al  Shdm,  near 

Taufis^  ^xj^h^\i^^  e^ht  years  aad  about  ten  months* 

Spw  fey  bfr  was  ^ak^n  off  by  poifon. 

SECT.    VI. 
The  Reign  of  Aljaytu  or  Aljaptu  Kbin, 

S.  KhSn  *T*  HE^name  Jof  this  prihce,  who  rticccedcd  his  brother  Gdzin 
Aljaytu,  A  .  iu  703^  is  vanoufly  written  by  authors ;  as  A^aptu,  or  01- 
'  laptUy  and  Oljaytu,  according  to  the  authc»*  rf  the  Magmu  Al 
RaJMdiab  (A),  who  dedicatal  his  work  to  him.  This  laft 
,VF0iA  is  written  alfo  Aljaytu,  and,  with  fome  little  variadO!i» 
jfijAyUA,  wluch,  accordii^  to  Al  Jannibi,  fignifies  the  great 
emperor^  He  rdinqoiflied  the  religion  of  Jtnghiz  Kbkn,  and 
became  a  Moharnmedan  %  upon  which  oecafion  he  aftiimed  the 
mune  cf  Gaydtho]ddtn  Mohammed  KhodHbandeh}  which  laft  word 

^'Konpam  ttbifup.  p.  363.  art.  Gazan.  «  D^H^UBSi** 

p.775.  art  Sham  Gazan. 

(A)  This  was  the  waztr  ^a-  had  mot  with  among  thcArais. 

fiildoddln^  mentioned  afterwards.  He  was  author  alfo  of  the  Ja- 

It  is  agreat  collc6Uonof^r^^c  maUtanvarlk,  or  hiftory   of  the 

learniii|;>  and  to  be  found'  in  the  turkijh  trijjes,  mendoned  vol.  iv. 

king  of^Prance'^  library,  N*  I. ;  p.  20.   See  alfo  D'Heri.  p.  7,11, 

being  the  largeft  volume,  an4in  art.  Ra/cbidThabii. 
tjie  b^ft  order,  ^f  any  D'ff^rhkt 

Cgoi^ 

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C  3-    ^  7«Iran,  cr  Vcr&a  at  large,    y  187 

iignifics,  in  Perjian,  tbefervant  of  Gad :  but,  inftead  of  KMd"  8.  Khia 
hanJkh^  as  ^/  JannM  and  othcs  have  it,  Jbtt'lfeda  and  -r4^m^i  AljaytiL 
/te  ri^  write  Kborbandd  \  K,,^ymmU 

This  prince  came  from  the  province  of  Khorajfdn  to  Arra-  fiuUJt 
jan  (B),  where  he  was  crowned  emperor ;  and  gave  the  poft  SoUania^  ^ 
of  j47r^r  al  Omara  (C),   whigh  is  that  of  generaliffimo,  ta 
Kotluk  Shdh\  dividing  the  office  of  prime  wazfr  benveen  -ffa- 
Jhido'ddin  and  Saedo'Mn :  but  thi^  latter,  being  fome  time  after 
fufpefted  of.  committing  certain  mifdcmeanours,  was  put  ta 
death,  and  bis  place  afligned  to  Ali  Shdh.    In  704  Aljaytu 
built  the  city  of  Soltania,  and  made  it  the  fea^  erf*  his  em- 
pire (D).     In  the  time  of  his  abode  here,  feveral  lords  of  Syria 
and  Egypt  came  to  implojre  his  affiftance  againft  Malek  al  Na/' 
fer,  fon  of  Kelawiij,  whan  of  Egypt.     Jljaytu,  who  2rdtndj 
defired  to  recover-  Syria,  which  his  anceftcMTS  had  poflefled, 
pafled  the.  Euphrates  in  7 1 2,  with  a  great  army,  and  encamj^ed  Hg  .711, 
at  Ruhaiaty  ntzr^DamaJhvs.     Several  ftirmifties  happened  be-    A.  D.  ^ 
tween  the  Syrian  and  Mungl  forces:  but  they  never  came  to     131a.   , 
a  pitched  battle  (E) ;  for  the  wazir  Rajbidy  by  his  ihanagement,   - 
brought  about  a  peace  between  th^  two  powers  \  and  Aljaytu 
returned  to  Soltdnia. 

He  was  no  fooner  arrived  there,  than.he  received  advice  xhzt  Reful/es 
Kepek  Khan  and  Bijfur  Oglan,  twp  princes  of  Turkefiiny  had  /i^Turici,. 
pafled  the  river  Amtiy  with  a  defign  to  reduce  the  province  of 
Khorajfdn,  Thgfe  invaders  had  already  defeated  Tejfawl  and 
AH  Kitfbjiy  the  principal  commanders  in  that  province,  when 
Aljaytu  marched  againft,  and  compelled  them  to  repafs  the 
Ami  with  great  precipitation.  This  Irruption  of  the  Turh 
induced  the  khan  to  confer  the  government  of  Kh^raffhi  on 
his  fon  Abifaidy  fending  with  him  confiderable  troops  to  de- 
fend that  province ;  and  the  amir  Suncj  to  direfti  his  affairs. 
The  young^rince  began  his  government  by  puniihing  the  two 
generals  bdore-meijtioned,  who  had  fled  from  the  Turks ;  and 
caufed  fuch  exaft  juftice  to  be  obferved  in  all  refpefts,  that 
he  quickly  rcftor^  peace  and  commerce  to  tljat  large  proving. 

»  KoNPMd.  ubi  fap.  p.  8f .  art,  Algiaptu;  &  Poc,  fpppl.  p.  j^ 

(B)  Or  Al  Raj^fty  a  city  of  he  built  this  city  in  7054*  and  re^ 
Mhwufian-y  but,  by  fome  geo-  moved  his  feat  from  Taurisp^ 
graphers,  afcribed  .to  :/'«r(,  or  where  he  before  refided  ;  and^' 
Proper  Perfiay  one  day  Vjoi^m^y  the  nefct  year,  pofT^ed  himfeir 
Jfom  the  Perfian^L  of  the  province  of  Gbeyjdn  and, 

(C)  Amr  al  Omara  (\^Ats  Rajbt^  fc^iray  p.  312^  ,  ^ 
t9mmanderofeommwtder$\  Qptarat  (E)  A^cordiog^o  Mirkondy  la 
)»eing  the  pluralof  ^iRVir.  Texeira,  he  rccov^od  5W)w,  or 

(D)  A^^Qrtinj   to  Mirkondi  J?atpajim, 


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J^  Jctigliz  i[hh\^s  Suceeffbrs^  R.V. 

S^KhSn    '  Not  long  after  this,  ffifur  OgUn,  havkig  qmlwcd  the  i^ 

Aljayta.  tereftc^  KepekKhdriy  went  over  toAb4fiud%  which  turn  m«A 

w-  jui^  '^^^  ocqJioned  a  great  war  beto^eea  tte  neighbouring  powers-? 

^•***^*bat  the. death  cf  A/jay tu,  which  happened  ia  7^f(^  prevented 

•^'  J^^  the  ftorm.     This  prince  died  at  the  age  of  thirty-fix,  after 

1  Ji6.*    ^^  ^^^  reignpd  twelve  years  (F) ;  and  made  juftice  flourifli  ib 

liis  dominion^  more,  than  ^ny  other  of  the  family  of  JengMz. 

Kh^n.     He  Wad  a  great  zeal  for  Ithe  Mohammedan  religjlon  ;  and . 

AonouFed  the  chief  profeflbrs  of  it,  efpecially  thofe  of  ^e  fe6fe 

<>f  JfK^  ia  favour  of  whom  he  catiled  the  names  of  the  twelve 

ixjwofi  to  be  engraved  on  his  (XAn  \-  ■     \  . ' 

,       '  S  EC  T.    Vih 

:     ^  ^ki  Reign  of  Aht^m  Kim.  y 

9.  KBln    ,j4\B^US-AiIl,  furnamed  Bel:^^  Khin%  fucQ?ed,ed  h!g  fethor 

AhftfaSd.  '^^:AiI/^y^^^  3^d  fvas.  ci:owEed  ia  the  city,  qi  SoMnu^.     IJc. 

^00m^^m^^  inaaaSedi^tely  /confirmed  Rq/bid  and  AH  SJ)4hy  his  father's  wa- 

zu?s>  in  their  employments ;  and  made  JUan  Noydn  (A)  ge- 

neraliffimo  of  his  for<ies,  who  governed  the  empire  as  tutor  tft 

-  tbeyoung  prince,  then  but  twelve  years  pf  agie^ 

Bij.  71 R.      Jn  7x8  M  ShU  fb  far  wrought  upon  the  amir  Jpb^  by  hit 

A.  D.    nwnag€S»ent  and  prefeut?,  that  RaftAo'd^n  w^s  turned  out  of 

1318.     bis  office,  and  fome  time,  after  put  to  death.     The  fame  year 

Jmt"^  J&-  ^ayfwTy  a  prince  of  the  ray^  blood  of*  the  JMiungls^  revolted 

baanrgir^y/.  ajpinil  Abifdid;  and,  advancing  from  Khoraff&n  into  Mazdn-i 

der4^^  t|u-eatened  to  march  oa  to  Solt4nia  itfelf,  if  the  foltiq^ 

I^^l  n(?t  f(?nt  a  potent  army,  under  the  couduft  of  the  anvr 

It4fayn  Kurkhki^  to  redi;ice  him  to  obedience.     The  foltaa 

a(  tfah  time  pafled  tbp  winter  at  Ka^rntkigh  (in  Arrin) ;  whcr» 

^Vdvice  came,  that  UikekKhin  (B)  ha4  crQ0Qd  qv^  the  grea( 

*  KoNPikM.  uhi  fop.  p.  ??.  mt.  Algiaptu, 

*{F)  Twelve  years  and  nine  ^tPtrfums  often  nfing  the  /  for 

months,  according  to  Hfirhud,  the  ^^ii^  ^.     A^ulgbaxi  fays, 

WW)  fays,  he  firft  brovght  up  the  the  ehiefs  of  the  tribe  of  SuiSu^ 

coftqm  of  taking  4way  th<^chil-  from  father  to  fop,  bore  ths^r 

dren  of  (Birifitans  atid  Je^s^  to'  name.  Hlft.  Turfesi  &c.  jp.  18$. 
ddocdte  them  in  thejr  n^anner,        (B)  Called  afterwann   S^JSk 

and  be  ferved  by  them.  '  Vxi^  ^  the  titlei  of  Sbii^  SbU 

^  (A)  Written  by  ipv^e  Fo^-  tiny  Kbi»,  and  fometimcs  Hj- 

A,  by  others   Nevi4$>     This  /r>(|  being  given  ipdi^erently  b)F 

rbn  is  nam^  alfo  amir  JibS».  die  oriental  hifbrians,   to  the 

Abffbhdzi  Khmi't    hiftory  kings  or  (bvevdgns  9f4iffneii^ 

ZipStiy  m^is,  yup4itiiy  Of  CM'  nations,  wkh  na  fm^  iioprcH 

iani  |  aii4>  in  Te^eira,  Chibin  ^  Jsn/W^ 


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ddkrt  €^  Kaffik  (or  NifffH),  ^tid  made  hkafelf  jftufter^die  0*  KUb 
dty  of  DArk^.    Tto  obUged  him  to  depiut  iaiJlKdtaldy,  Abftf^i>^ 
*idi  the  few  troops  winch  he  had  abont  him,  to  ^o  aadett-  ^^  ^"^ 
tampoa  theXtfr,  ki  order  to  binder  die  T^nri  fr^  paffiqf 
Ihat  river.    Oi  the  other  hand,  the  amir  ^iin,  who  had  &1t 
lowed  die  amtr  ^Mayn,  to  appsde  ibc  tnOuble^  ra^  in  uKb<* 
ri^,  no  fooiKr  heard  of  the  imipiio&  of  the  tnemy,.  thtt 
he  mroed  back,  to  fcrengthen  ^he  army  df  ScitljxJkyk'ii. 

As  the  Tatars  had  hidierto  done  nothiiig  bvt  phmder  the  RefMw 
tofiBtry,  without  mdertakii^'any  thmg  of  confeqoeiloe,  their  #Ar  U»- 
anny  wits  mochnfrnkridied ;  fo  that  Shiih  Uziek^  finding  hmoh  ^^^^. 
fielf  no  eqnal  match  for  Ac  folt^  whofe  forces  were  aiM' 
coniiderably  increaied  by  reinforcements,  refolded  lo-hreiUi  op 
his  camp,  and  redre :  tat,  being  followed  at  the  beds  fay.'the 
amSr  JAhhiy  he  loft  a  gresit  number  of  men  In  his'reirett. 
Afto:  dds  fuccds,  whSe  AhAfiHd  marched  bade  to  Soban^ 
die^iAieral  caofad  iisveral  of  die  principal <Qffie^ 
irmy  «o  ht  whipped,  aooordii^  to  d^  Msmgl  difiapliiie ;  ftr     .     • 
M>t  ktving  done  their  doty  in  hb  afcienoe,  and  then  proceeded 
towards  Oorja  (or  Geoirgia}.    lilean  dme  the  officers,  wfaoJuUl 
ncitvM  the  am£don,  plotted  to  revei^  that  di^nee;  and 
tngigeA  in  AAr  party  itvend  officers,  who  bore  itnth  imp*-* 
Muce  Ae  feVcre  humoor  (^  the  amir  jV^i»\ 

Tim  malecont«at5»  havfaig  formed  a  pretty  confiderable  BU  imfi 

tatty  ttiong  themMves,  followed  that  general,,  who  had  air  revolt. 

ready  entered  Cona ;  and,  while  he  had  left  his  caaap^  to  gn 

#a  tome  enterprife  againft  the  enemy,  they  £azed  on,  and  jS- 

liged  it.    After  tins  fnrprUe,  which  redooed  the  am2r  tagreat 

want  of  every  ddng,  they  gave  batde  to,  and  defeated  biau 

JUin  flood  in  need  of  all  his  courage,  but  more  of  his  wit 

and  addreft,  to  iave  his  perfon  ont  c^  foch  imminent  dax^es* 

In  edeft,  by  making  ufe  of  feveral  firatagems,^  he  at  kngdi 

efeaped ;  and,  by  marching  many  roand-about  ways,  anivel 

at  Soltdnia.    The  khan,  not  thinkii^  himfidf  .£ife  in  his  ca^    . 

pital,  while  the  rebels  conddued  in  arms,   gadiered  dl  thfc 

troops  he  could  in  hafte,  and*  marched  to  diafdfe  theai.   lilic 

rev^ilrers,  loikg  all  refpcA  for  the  foltin,  gave  him  battle,  bnf 

were  defeated ;  and  it  was  on  this  occafion  that  A^fdii^gifi 

4ie  fertiame  c^  Bdhidry  or  Brave,  by  ruihing  into  the  midft 

t3f  fehe  enemy. 

lb-  /f9  the  amtr  H4ffayn  tCurkhdn,  who  was  at  War  with  MmrUs 

Bayjur  in  Kh^raff&n,  obtained  fo  many  advantages  over  him,  h\Mbff$ 

chat  he  atlei^h  confbaiaed  him  to  repafs  the  AmA  into  Great fift^i 

8ukMria\  where  he  was  flain  fome  time  after,  in  fight  with  a^«j-  7^9* 

A.  D* 

*  KgaoAii*  ap.  D'Herb.  p.  32.  art.  Aboufajd.  '3>9» 

prince 


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190  JcngWz  Khah'i  Suc^^m  R  V. 

9.  Khitt  prince  rf  the  race  of  Jagatay^  foh  of  J^ghiz  Khht.    In 

Abftfaid.   721  the  fdlan  married  ,his  fiilcr,  named  Satibeg^  to  the  amir 

\m^<^mJ  Jitbin^  whofe  Bopdals  ixrere  celdw^ed  wth  great  magnificence. 

Next  year  TmArtaJb^  fon  of  J^ban,  who  was  governor  of  the 

C30untry  of  Mm^  or  Jnatolia,  revolted  s^ainft  AbAfdid ;  fettiog 

tip  for  fovereign  in  his  department.     The  arnh*,  on  this  advice, 

tfio''  id  the  depth  of  winter,  fet  out  with  a  powerful  army,  to 

bring  him  back  to  his  duty  t  which  the  fon  no  (ooner  under^ 

ftbod,  than  he  Idd  down  his  arms,  and  put  himfeif  into  his 

^    ^        fecher's  hands  ;  who  carried  him  as  a  prifoner  to  the  feet  of  the 

ibltin.    By  this  meads  AbAfaid  was  s^ppeaied ;  and^  pardonu^ 

^die  fon,  in  confideradon  xA  the  father's  fervices,  reflored  him 

'to  his  government* 

Kfibliga  -    In  713  AU  3h&h  the  wazir  died ;  a)id  his  ppft  was  ^ven  to 

bim.         Sdyitf  lieutenant-general  ol  the  amir  JAbin.    Some  time  after 

Hcj.  723.  ^thisy  die  amtf  ga^^e  his  daughter,  named  BdghMd  Khdifin^  one 

A.  D.    .of  the  gi^teft  beauties  ia  all  Afta^  in  marriage  to  the  amir 

»32j.     Haffan  IlkharUy  fon  of  Sheykh  H4iffayn  (G)  s  but  this  marriag* 

proved  very  &tal  to  him ;  for  Soltan  Abiifd'id^  having  fallen  ia 

love  with  that  lady,  demanded  her  in  marriage  of  her  father* 

New,  according  to  thelaws.of  the  MungU^  every  ^ii^e  per- 

4os^  was  obliged  to  repudiate  his  wif<s,  when  th^.ki^i^had  9 

mind  to  efpoufe  her.   For  all  this,  the  amir  Jub&o^  never  woi)14 

cdnfcnt  to  his  daughter's  divorce ;  and  ^en  uttered  difrefpeft- 

'    fnl  words  againft  this  young  prince^  who.  required  QOthk^ 

contrary  to  the  laws,  or  his  own  duty  ^ 

Outoffa-^     ABU  SAID  at  that  time  diffemblcd  the  refentment  whicli 

%^r.        he  conceived  at  tlus  refufal :  while  the  amir  Jubin^  thinkii^ 

^  cui-e  his  paflion  by  abfence,  fent  his  fon-in-la>v  and  daughter 

ti^Kdrabhgh\  and  carried  thefoltan,  againft  his  inclination,  to 

S4ghdMy  these  itoi  pafs  the  winter.    Bnt /^bu/dicf^  love,  far 

from  diminiflung  by  this  feparation,  only  increafed  the  more. 

Mean  time  the  wazir  5ijy«  inflamed  the  averfion  of  the  prince 

i^ainft  JubJtn,  by  feveral  falfe  reports  which  he  framed,  re- 

iarin^  to  thecondttft  of  the  amir  and  his  fons.     As  thefe 

pr^aices  of  the  wazir  came  to  the  knowlege  of  Damafbk  Kho- 

imajeb  (or  Kboja),  fon  of  the  accufed,  one  erf"  the  chief  officer© 

of  the  foltan's  houfhold,  and  who  had  ofteneft  accefs  to  hioH 

be  took  care  to  fend  his  father  an  acconnt  of  tbein.     Oft.  this 

occafion  the  amir  Jubdn  took  a  very  bold  ftep  :  for,  under  pre- 

r      tence  of  gc&ng  to  quafli  fome  iitfurreflions  which  w^i^b^un 


*  KoNDAM.  ub]  fup.  p.  32.  art.  Aboufaidl.-    ^,. 

(C)  The  fame  with  the  amir  Eujfayn  Kurkhdn\  mcntigioed  a  littl# 
above. 


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C.  3.  In  IraHt  or  Pcrfia  at  hnxi.  151 

in  Khorajptn^  he  departed  haftiljr  from  Bi^hMd,  and  went  to  9.  Khan 
Soltdnia,  carrying  with  him  the  warir  Sayn,  as  it  were  by  Abufaid. 
way  of  hofta^  for  his  fon,  whom  he  left  at  court.  ^   -^■•■J 

This  fon  remained  there,  to  dire£t  all  affairs  :^  for  JMdrif  Bis  fin 
who  had  the  intice  management  of  them,  communicated  them  Damaihk 
10  none  but  him.    It  bippened,  at  length,   that  Danutfhkf 
abufii^  his  Esther's  authority,    difpc^ed  fo  abfolutely  of  all 
things,  that  AHfdid  bad  Uttle  left  to^  him  biefid^s  the  name  of 
folcuu    This  prince,  weary  of  bdi^  always  under  guardian- 
fiup,  di&overed  his  diilatisfaAion  to  fome  of  his  confidants; 
and  they  informed  him,  that  D§majbk  carried  on  an  intrigite 
with  one  of  the  wives  dF  the  late  fok&n  yti}ayt4,  his  fether. 
On  this  advice,  the  prinqe  ordered  Dama/bk  to  be  watched,  to 
difcover  the  truth ;  and,  in  a  fliort  time,  was  himfelf  witnefe 
of  a  rendezvous  made  by  the  two  lovers.   The  folrin,  wounded  p^^  ^ 
in  Jiis  honour,  as  well  as  authority,  by  t1^  infcrfent  minifte^:,  ^^^. 
would  readily  have  figned  the  order  for  hi&  death :  but  as-none 
of  his  domeftics  durd  undertake  fo  dangercHis  a  taflc,  he  fouikd 
there  was  a  neceffity  of  leaving  things  to  chance ;  which  foon 
tnmed  out  to  his  wiihes.  For  it  happened,  at  ttus  very  junAure, 
in  727,  that  fome  heads  of  men,  who  had  revolted  in  the  pro-  HeJ.  727* 
vinces,  hatving  been  brought  to  the  foltan^s  palace,  a  report    A.  I>« 
was  {pread,  that  they  were  the  heads  of  the  amir  J4bdn  tod  his     *  3*^« 
adherent  which  had  been  ient  from  KhoraMn.     This  rumour 
fo  fr^hted  Dama/bk^  that,  without  inquinng  into  the  truth 
of  the  matier,  be  left  the.  palace,  in  the  night,  with  only  ten 
men,  and  took  to  flight.    As  foon  as  JM/aidv/as  informed  of 
this,  he  fent  after  ham  M^fr  Khowig^hy  one  of  his  confidants?, 
who  overtook,  and  cut  <^his  head,  which  he  brought  forth- 
with tothefohan. 

This  piince,  deliv^ned  froih  the  fon;  propofed  foon  alf^  Rat/ei «« 

to  get  rid  of  the  father :  for  this  purp6<b,  he  fent  ftrif!  orders  army. 

to  the  c^fccrs  o(  IGmraffin  to  feize  the  perfon  of  Ji^bM ;  and 

couriers  to  thofe  of  other  provinces,  to  put  to  death  all  who 

could  be  founc^  either  of  Us  relations^  dependents.    But  as 

tbefe  officors  lived  in  good  underftanding  with  that  general, 

inftead  of  executing  the  foltan's  mandate,  they  immediately 

gave  Jum  notice  c^  it.    Upon  this  intelligence,  he  loft  no  time : 

for^  making  nie  of  the  favour  and  credit  ofhisfiiends,  hefet 

on  foot  an  army  of  70,000  horfe,  with  which  he  moved  to* 

wards  Kafbin  %  whither  the  foltan  was  advanced,  with  all  the 

forces  which  he  was  able  to  ^mble.     JMAn^  before  he  kft 

Khoraffhiy  caufed  the  wazh-  Sayn  to  be  fldn,  by  way  of  re- 

prifkly  for  the  death  of  his  fon ;  and  Ahiifaid^  to  be  even  with 

him^  appointed  for  wazir  Cay^th'ddin  Mohammed^  a  perfon  of 

learoSng, 


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102  JfogMi  £Ubi'j  JSuuiffori  B.  T. 

Q.  Kh$n.  lear^g,  ipn  oiyRqfhWMny  wbpsx  the  amir  had  alfo  put  to 
Abufaid.  ^earf]^  -as  bc|brc  hath  boea  rdatod. 

.!br>^'^      Mean  time,  rfie  amir  yi^4«  marched  forwa^,  ^xdth'deiign 
d^Art^'^'^  .tonjakc  himfelf  ©after  of  the  court,  and  the  peribn  of  the  fol- 
'^'*^''       tan,    When  hecagie  to  SemnAn  (in  Kumes\  he  made  a  vifit  to 
Rgkno'ddin,  Jlao'ddawkt,  whpfe  tomb  is  ftiUreipeaed  there, 
tby  Mohammedans^  for  bis  great  fan^iity ;  and,  after  fcxne  cob* 
'ferences  with  him,  proauied^  on  Oacfa,  to  follow  fbiiSUy  his 
adidce  in  Av^ithipg:  propofrng,  as  a  tdOimony  of  his  fince- 
nty,  that  ^the  ih^yllh  ihouldgo  from  him  to  the  i<dtan,  to  dc- 
jDiand  tbe.mui^^r.s  Qif  his  {on,  and, die  conditions  of  a  gdod 
peace,    AbAJaid  received  th^  flM^kh  with  i«fped,  and  <Ud  him 
]a  thoufand  honwfs:  but  refufed  either  to  deliver  up  the  af- 
jTaifinSy  pr,  in  aay^fprt,  treat  wiih  JUin.  The  amtr,  em^ged 
rat  this  cefufal,  hq  longer  kept  any  meofures  with  the  fokao'; 
ax;4  ^samt  to^ienomp  mthin  one  day's,  march  of  his  ordu,  or 
.'imperial  c$mp>  in  a  .place  named  Kuha.    But  he  did  not  con- 
;tinue  long  in  that  poft :   fen:  feveral  of  his  principal  officers, 
who  intirely  owed  their  fortunes  to  him,  abandoned  him,  widi 
30^000  hoiie,  and  went  over  to  thdr  fovereign. 
Etrt^  As  the  amir  J^bin^  after  fuch  an  inftance  of  inoonftancy  in 

triMti.      £0  confiderable  a  part  of  his  troops,  could  not  prudently  con- 
fide ia  the  reft  of  them ;  he  quitted  his  camp,  and  took  tbe 
jroad  dF  the  defart  c^  NuhendtjAn^  with  defign  to  retipe  into 
JO)omffin.    This  loag  and  difficult  march,  jdned  to  a  farther 
•  4lerertion  of  his  officers,  (b  weakened  his. army,  that,  being  00 
longer  able  to  fupport  hb  party  in  that  prorinoe,  he  refomd 
to  repair  to  Turk^M :  a  country  whece  there  were  iTevend 
great  princes,  who  often  made  Incurftons  into  the  dominioDs 
of  Jbi/aidy  as  hath  been  already  remarked.    This  refelutioo 
would  prdbAiy  bav^:  ^oVed  very  advantageous  to  the  amtr, 
had  he  purfued  it :   b<it  his  evil  deftiny  fo  cHtlered  it,  that; 
when  he  came  to  the  river  Morgib^  he  of  a  fuddea  changad 
hbnnnd,  and  turned  back,  to  thnow  hunfelf  into  the  armaof 
GayAtho*4din,  furnamed  M^ek  KAft\  whom  be  had  bred  up 
from  his  y/smth,  ^nd  advaooed  to  the.pciadpal  pofts  in  tfaeaiarict 

'Betraytjp  MALBK  Kurt  fTOft^.  t0t  more,  faithful  to  him 'than  tfat 
sHdJlain,  feft:  for  h^nqg,  «t  the  &met  time,  iieseived  an  eicpie&  from 
the  foltin,  with  difpatehes  &11  of  greatjoffers  and  pramifcs,  if 
he  woukL  (end  him  Jibin's  head,  tiie  firft  vifit  of  this^ingrtte 
was  that : which  be.  made  him  by  €)i& executioner.  The  amtr 
could  never  obt^iii  jb  much  as  thofavour  to  fee  him :  fo  that  • 
finding  he^|auft  die,*  he  required  three  things -of  him.  flrft, 
<rhat,'a9  feoA  as  his  head  4W«is  fevered  from  his  body,  h^  Aadd 
ffad  on^  of  his  hngers,  which  was  double  at  the  end^  to  the 

caxnp 


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C  jr  JJf  If^,  ^r  Perfia  at  largdl  ipj 

.  <amp  of  JhifiCid.     Secondly,  that  he  would  caufe  his  body  to  8.  IChan 
be  fent  to  Medinah^  there  to  be  buried  in  a  chapel  which  had  Abiifaid. 
been  built  at  his  expence.  And  thirdly.  That  he  t^rould  convey  ^*^'w'^'*^ 
his  foQ  Jalayr^  whom  he  had  by  Satibeg^  to  the  court  of  Soltdn 
Ahifdid  Ms  uncle.     Thcfe  three  requefts  being  granted  him, 
the  executioner  cut  oiF  his  head  :  which  MMek  Kurt  fent  im* 
mediately  to  the  foltan ;  and  fet  out  foon  after  himfelf,  to  re- 
ceive the  reward  of  his  perfidy.     But  he  was  much  furprifed, 
when  be  underftood,  on  the  road,  that  Sheykh  Hajfan  had  di- 
TOTced  his  wife,  the  daughter  of  Jitban^  and  fent  her  into  the 
foltan's  haram.   What  ftifl  more  increafed  his  chagrin  was,  that 
Sheykh  Hajfan^  by  this  fubmiflion  to  the  defires  (^Abtifdidy  had 
obtained  thecmployment  which  he  cxpefted  at  court;  and 
rfiat  B^hdM  Khdt^n  (D)  had  gotten  an  intire  influence  over 
the  niind  of  the  prince  *• 

This  difagreeable  news  made  Tiim  refolve,  before  he  pro-  by  Malclj 
ceeded  any  farther,  to  fend  his  orders  into  Khorajfiriy  to  put  Kurt, 
to  <ieath  Jalayr^  fon  of  the  amir  JAban ;  whofe  life  he  had 

f>referved,  at  the  requeft  of  his  father,  though  contrary  to  the 
bltan^s  orders.  After  this  fecond  execution,  he  continued  his 
Tout  towards  KarabAgh  (E),  where  JHlfaid  then  refided :  bu^ 
dirough  the  great  credit  which  Bdghd^d  Khht^n,  who  was 
married,  in  a  u>l^mn  manner,  by  the  foltan,  pofleflfed  at  court, 
he  received  but  a  very  cold  reception ;  and  was  confidered  ra- 
ther as  the  murderer  o^  the  foltana's  father,  than  a  perfon  who 
had  rendered  a  great  piece  of  fervice  to  Ab&fdid.  He  was  eveii 
tnade  to  wait  in  the  camp,  all  the  time  which  the  corps  diji* 
bat^  and  his  fon  were  bringing  from  Khorajfan  to  Avjjht^ 
wl^re  the  foltan  ordered  them  to  be  put  into  the  hands  of  the 
pilgrims  of  Mekka^  to  bury  them  "at  Medinah,  To  defray  thisf 
expence,  he  caufed  40,000  dinars  to  be  paid  to  then^ ;  and 
gave  to  MUek  Kurt  to  other  reward,  than  the  permiffion  of 
returning  to  his  own  country.  With  regard  to  the  amir  JV- 
baUy  we  fhaH  only  obferve  farther,  that  he  had  always  pafled 
for  a  good  man,  a  lover  of  juitice,  and  ia  great  zealot  for  bis 
religion* 

c  JCoNDAM.  ubi  fup.  p.  33.  art,  Abfifaid. 

(D)   According  to  Mirkond^  bookiih.     'Tis  added,  that  hi^' 

In  Texeira^   Abufdid  gave    her  judgment  was  found,  and  hi$ 

the  tide  of  Khdndekar,   which  perfon  graceful. 

was  the  royal  ftyle;   and  that  (£)  According  to  the  fame 

he    put  the  whole  gcrvemment  author,   Janndbi^  and  the  l^i* 

into  her  hands,  which  fhe  ma-  vhiariftdn,  he  fpent  his  fummera 

naeed  with  much  wifdom  and  in  Soltamyai  and  jus  wintei's  at 

discretion,    while    Ke    diverted  Karabdgh, . 
himielf  with  reading,  being  very 

Mod.  Hist.  Vol.  V.  N                     I^ 


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194 

8.  Kh&a 
Ab&faid. 

Hcj.  ^2, 

1331. 

Sheykb 
Haflan 
promoted. 


HcJ.  736 

A.  U. 

»3S5- 
Uzbek 

KhinV 

intvafiott. 


Abii&Td 
dies* 


Jcnghlz  Khan'j  Succejfors  B.  V, 

In  73^  fome  perfoos  envying  the  good  fortune  of  Sheykh 
Hajan,  and  uneafy  at  the  great  power  which  the  foltana  had 
in  affairs,  began  to  whifper  about,  that  this  princefs  ftill' 
carried  on  a  fecret  intimacy  with  her  firft  hulband.  As  thefc 
reports  came,  at  length,  to  the  foltan's  ears,  he  banifhed 
Sheykh  Hajfan  to  the  calUe  of  Kamakh  (F) ;  and  fliewed  great 
coldnefe  to  his  new  fpoufe.  But  the  falfity  of  thofe  infinua- 
tions  having  been  difcovered,  and  the  authors  of  fuch  black 
calumny  puniihed,  Ahifdid  reftored  the  foltana  and  the  fheykh 
to  his  favour ;  and  even  conferred  on  the  latter  the  government 
of  part  of  Rimy  or  Afta  Minor ^  which,  at  that  time,  belonged 
to  his  dominions. 

.  In  735,  Shah  Uzbek  made  a  fecond  irruption  into  the  terri- 
tories fubjeft  to  Soltan  Abufdid;  who,  next  year  (G),  marched 
to  fight  his  enemy :  but  he  was  fcarce  arrived  in  the  province 
of  Shtrwariy  when  the  heat,  and  malignity  of  the  ah-,  threw 
him  into  a  dangerous  ficknefs.  For  this,  his  phyficians  pre- 
fcribed  bathing :  but  one  day,  after  taking  medicines,  while 
he  was  in  the  bath,  he  fell  into  a  fwoon,  and  died  not  long 
afterwards.  The  author  of  the  preface  to  the  Jafer  Nhiw) 
writes,  that  the  foltana  BaghdM  KhdiAtiy  perceiving  a  change 
in  this  prince's  afFeftions  towards  her,  gave  him  poifon,  which 
tool^  away  his  life,  at  the  age  of  thirty-two,  of  which  he  had 
reigned  nineteen  years.  His  cbrps  was  tranfported  to  Soltdniydf 
with  a  pomp  worthy  of  fo  great  a  monarch,  and  inhumed  m 
the  fepulchre  of  his  anceftors  (H).  Arbah  KMn^  his  focccflbr, 
caufed  the  foltana  to  be  put  to  death,  who  was  accufed  of  beii^ 
concerned  in  the  death  of  Abufdid  \  and  had  been  convifted  of 
correfponding  with  Shah  Uzbek,  who  difputed  the  crown  with 
hlm<l. 


^   KONDAM.   ttbi  fup.  p.  34. 


'  (F)  Kamkh,  or  Kemai,  as  fome 
authors  write,  Hands  on  the  Eu- 
phrates, twenty-one  miles  to  the 
fouth  of  ArxenjaHf  in  BUm,  or 
Anatolia, 

<G)  This  yearj  736  of  the 
Hc^ah,  of  Chrift  I33S>  ^as 
remarkable,  as  well  for  the  bkth 


of  Tin^  Beg,  or  Tamerlan,  is 
for  the  dealh  of  Abufdid. 

(H)  He  was  buried  near  Ids 
father  Kbodabandeb,  under  the 
£ne  dome  of  the  mo(k  of  SM 
mya ;  on  the  walls  of  which, 
the  whole  Koran  is  written, 
eolden  charadlers.  La  Onixi 
Eiil.  Gengh.  p.  404. 


CHAP, 

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C.  4i  //^  Iran,  ^  Perfia  at  large.  195 

C  H  A  P.    IV. 

Dynajiiis  which  ff  rung  up  on  the  Death  ^/ Abftfaid  Kh4n. 

C\^  the  death  of  JM/aid^  in  736,  the  empire  of  the  Mungis  Confujion 
^^  in  Irdn,  or  -P«yJii  at  large,  fell  all  to  pieces,   and  into  '*»  Iran* 
great  confiifion :  for,  after  him,  they  acknowleged  no  fingle    ^'  ^» 
monarch  ofthe  race  of  7^^A/«A!>t^«;  but  canto^  themfelves     '335* 
in  the  feveral  provinces,  which  were  plundered  by  the  frequent 
wars  wMch  the  lords  waged  among  themfelves,  every  one  aim- 
ing at  the  fovereignty,  and  to  reduce  the  reft  under  his  power. 
Nor  did  thefe  diforders  ceafe,  till  the  time  of  Timur  Begy  who, 
after  the  conqueft  of  the  countries  to  the  north  of  the  JihAn,  or 
Andy  turned  his  arms  againft  thofe  to  the  fouth  of  that  river; 
and,  in  a  (hort  time,  brought  all  the  jaring  princes  of  Irdn  under 
his  obedience. 

Among  the  petty  dynafties  which,  during  this  interval  pf  h  P^*^ 
diftraftion,  fprung  up  in  that  great  region,  hiftorians  mention  4f^oft^€s* 
two  Mungly  which  rofe  out  of  the  ruins  of  their  empire,  im- 
mediately on  the  death  oiAMfdid.  The  firft,  called  //  Khdnian^ 
its  princes  being  defcended,  in  a  direft  line,  from  HulM  Khdn^ 
famsimed  II  Khan.  The  fecond,,  named  Jf^bdnian,  or  CHbdnian^ 
as  being  founded  by  the  family  oi  Jubany  or  Ch&ban.  The  firft 
had  four  princes,  who  reigned  from  the  year  737  to  813,  the 
fpace  of  feventy-fix  years.  The  fecond  had  but  two,  who  held 
die  fcepter  only  twenty  years,  that  is,  from  738,.  two  years 
after  the  death  of  Abufaidy  to  7585  though  fome  make  their 
dominion  end  two  years  fooner.  The  H  Khdnians  rdgned  in 
Arabian  Irdk  and  Azerbejdn ;  the  Jdbanians  in  this  latter  pro- 
vince, and  the  Perfian  Irdk.  Although  thefe  two  dynafties 
were  cotemporary,  and  their  affairs  blended  together,  yet  we 
fliall  treat  of  them  feparately ;  but  avoid  all  repetitions,  ex- 
cept what  muft  be  ufed  to  make  the  neceflary  conneftions. 

S  E  C  T.    T. 

^be  Bynafiy  of  the  II  Khaniaqj. 

keign  of  Sheykh  Hallan  Buzruk. 

•Tp  His  d3mafty  had  four  foltans,  or  princes ;  the  firft  of  whom   i ,  Soltim 
-■"    was  amir  Hajfan,  or  Hajfan  Nowydn,  fon  of  the  amfr  Huf"     Sbeykb 
/ayn  Kurkhdny  one  of  Ab^fald  Khdn's  generals,  mentioned  m    Haflan 
thejrdgn  of  that  foltan.     Hajfan  married  the  famous  Bdghddd  ^Buzruk. 
KhdiAn^  daughter  of  the  amir  jUan^  or  CMpan,  with  whom  *^ 

N  a  JbH' 

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19^  •  Jcnghiz  Khin'i  Succejfors  B.  V. 

1.  Sehin  JM/a/J  was  enamoured ;  and,  after  the  death  of  her  father, 

Shtyi^    divorced  her,  to  gratify  that  prince:  who,  in  732,  conferred 

Hailan    on  him  the  government  of  the  Mungl  dominions  in  Rum,  or 

Buzruk.  ^^  country  of  the  Romans,  meaning  chiefly  yinatoUa.     Thi» 

rrT^f*'"*^  Hajftn  was  fiirnamed  Buzruk  (A),  or  the  great,  in  the  Mungl 

J*  ''      or  Turkijb  language,  to  diftinguiih  him  from  Hajfan,  fumamol 

^    *         Kujuk,  or  the  leffer ;  who,  near  the  fiime  tknc,  foonded  the 

dynafty  of  J^bankms ».     Arab  Shdb  feys,   that  Haffan  Buz- 

rukvifos  At  (on of  If uj/ayn;  and  Huffayn,  thefonof  y/*  Buga\ 

tiiat  Ak  Buga  was  the  fon  <^  Li  Kh&n ;  and  that  Id  KAdn  de- 

fcended  from  SherfcfdJin  Sibih  Alk^,  or  Ilkhin  Arg4n,  foo 

x£  Ahifdid,     Arabjhih  does  not  fay  who  this  AhAfdid  was  ^ ; 

'  yet  I>Herbilot  will  have  him  to  be  AHtfdid  Kh&n.     But  this 

cannot  be  >  fince  Haffan  Buzruk  was  cotemporary  wirfi  Ab6^ 

/did  Khin,  and,  from  circumflances,  older :  where;^  his  an* 

ceftor  AHfdid  was,  at  leaft,  five  or  fix  generations  earlier  than 

Ab&fdid  Kh&n.    The  fame  author  fiimiflies  no  more  matecials 

relating  to  this  founder  of  the  IlKhAnian  dynafty.     But  AbuH- 

gh&zi  KhAn  gives  us  (bme  farther  particulars  of  hk  tiiftory. 

According  to  this  author,  on  the  death  of  AHJaid,  tho(e  of 

the  tribe  of  Suldus,  the  heads  of  which  bore  the  name  of 

Zipanu   or  JApani  (B),   put  the  fceptre  into  the  hands  of 

Avbt        Arpa^  or  Aria  KkAn,  defceodcd  boon  Artofdmga  (C),  fcm  of 

KW».       Ta-wlay  (or  Tuli)  Khin. 

'  Some  time  after  thisy  APt,  a  chief  of  2  tribe  of  the  Vlrafs^ 
by  the  great  credit  which  he  had  in  the  city  of  Baghdad,  cauied 
Miifa,  defcended-  from  HuWd  (D),  to  be  proclmmed  khan 
there :  who  marching  to  attack  Arpa  Khan,  defeated,  and  Qew 
him ;  whereby  he  became  mafter  of  all  his  territories  ^.  This 
Arha  Khin,  according  to  D'Herbelot,  reigned  no  more  than 
Ax  nuxiths  (E) ;  and,  on  his  ed&ung  to  the  crown,  put  ta 

*  D^Hbrbel.  p.  489.  art.  II Khan.  ^  Arabshah,  hift. 

Tin^r,  L  iH.  i  5.        «  Abu^lghazi  Khah,  hift.Turks,  p.  i88« 

(A)  In  the  Englijh  tranflation  of  Tuli,  fon  of  JengMz  Khan, 
cf  La  Croix's  hmory  of  GenghSz  D'Berbeiot,  p.  382.  art.  G«f  : 
Khan,  p.  404,  he  is  named  Bu-  ghiz  Khanian.  La  Croix  makes 
icure  Haffan ;  a  mi(Uke,  per-  Arpa  Khan  the  {on  of  AU,  foa 
haps,  for  Bmcurc,  or  Buzurk,  of  Baydu  Khan,  fon  of  Traggf 
as  that  author  feems  to  hare  (or  Tarighi),  fon  of  HuIdJaL 
read  it.  Hift.  Gengh.  p.  404. 

(B)  Ji^am,  or  JUani,  is  the  >(D)  Mu/a  was  the  fcn  of  ^/V 

fen  tile  name  of  Juban,  formed  fon  of  Baydu  Khan,  fon  of  7#r- 

y  adding  the  final  i,  gay  (or  Targhiyeh).y  foo  of  HuIUm, 

(CJ  Arba  Kh&n  was  the  fon  Kbdn. 

of  Sififrbigdn,  fon  of  Mmltk  TV-  (E)  According  to  La  €mr» 

Psur,  fon  of  Arfaka  Buga,  fon  be  died  in  1335. 

5  deati^ 


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C.  4^  In  Iran,  cr.  Perfia  at  larfe^  tgy 

desith  Baghdad Kidttin,  the  beloved  wife  of  ^«/&ii/A3M«  ^  for  i.Spltdn 
the  rcafoas  already  mentioned,  in  the  reign  of  that  prince.  Shtykh 

As  foon  as  Shcykh  HaJJiin  Jalayr  (F),  called  alfo  Sheykh  ^aflan 
Hajjan  Buzn^ky  who  was  then  visry  powerful  in  the  provinces  ^  _  _  \ 
t£  RAm  (or  Jnattflia),  heard  that  the  people  of  B6ghdM  had  JjJ^J^f**^. 
proclaimed  Miifa  in  qviafity  of  khan,  he  caufed  Mohammed,  a  -gj^^ 
defcendaat  of  Huldkt^  {G),  to  be  acknowleged  khan  of  the 
Mungh  in  that  country*    This  prince^  immediately  on  his  ad* 
vancem^nt^  got  together  a  great  army,  and  marched  &om  Mm 
to  the  borders  of  JrAn.    At  the  news  of  his  approach,  Mufd 
Khan  marched  as  fir  as  Tabriz  (or  Tauris)  to  meet  him :  but 
coming  to  -  a  battle,  was  intirely  defeated ;  and  having  in  thV 
a£Hon  lofl  AH  (H),  by  whofe  interefl  he  had  been  raifed  to  thi^ 
throne,  he  fled  for  (belter  to  the  Virats. 

Advice  of  this  revolution  coming  to  theknowkge  of  Shcykh  MbhaiaS 
Alif  fon  of  the  amir  AU  Kqfhji,  who,  at  the  fame  junfture,  "^^4 
commanded  in  Khoraffm^  he  hafted  to  Baftdm^  and  there  pro-  Khan, 
daimed  Togay  TimUr,  one  of  the  defcendants  of  Jujikar,  bro» 
ther  cf  Jenghiz  Khan,  who  formerly  refided  in  MazAnderdn. 
Soon  after,  being  joined  by  Mufa  KhAn^  they  all  three  went 
In  qucftx>f  Mohammed  KhAn  t  but  the  Iheykh  Haffan  Jalayr  ad? 
vancing  againft  them,  with  a  powerful  army,  gs  far  as  Tagarm 
Rudh  (I),  intirely  routed  them.     Mufa  Khan  loft  his  life  in  this 
oAion  (K) :  but  Togi^  TitnAr  and  Sqeykh  Ali  efcaped  into  Kh* 
faffan. 

When  Shcykh  Haffan  Kujuk  (L),  who  <Jommanded  on  the  Togay 

Timiir 

^  D'HcRB.  p.  34,  k  382,  art.  AbuTaid  ic  Genghizkhanian.      Khan. 

(F) .  By  this,  he  feems  to  have  which,  in  the  Per/tan^  is  called 

been  of  the  tribe  of  Jalayr.  Sol-  Rtidh :  the  S  being  founded  liice 

tin  Ahmed  likewife  11,  by  Sha-  thy  xnthemy  this,  &c. 

fifi'ddinn  in  the  life  oi  Tipdir  (YL) Mohammed c^MieAYihh^zi- 

Beif  called  Ahmed  Jalayr,  to  be  cut  off.  This  happened  in 

(G)  Mohammtd  Khan  was  the  1336.     La  Croix,  p.  405. 

fon  of  Yol  Kutluk,  fon  of  Timiir, ,  (L)  This  is  the  grandfon  of 

fon  of  Aftharyi,  fon  of  Mangu,  Hajfdn^  fon  of  the  amir  Juban, 

ia^  of  Huldhu  Kh4n,  according  founder  of  the  y«^<w7fa»dynafty, 

to   AhfflghaKi  Khan  :     but   La  Ahuhhdxi  KJjdn,  to  diftinguifli 

Croix  makc$  him  the  fon  of  Ma  •  hi  m  from  Shey  kh  Haffan  Buzrui^ 

juni,  fon  of  Amvjin^  fon  of  Hu-  calls  him  Sheykh  Hajfan  Khoja  j 

laksi  Khan :  be  puts  his  death  in  poflibly,  becaufe  the  authors  he 

1337;  and  fays,  fome  call  him  made  ufe  of  do  not  add  the  fur* 

^MabmAd,    Hi^.  Qengh,  p.  405 «  name  of  Kuiuk^  which  we,  to 

(H)   La  Croiu  cails  him  AH  prevent  confufiop,  have  putiu« 

Shah ;  sind  fays,  be  was  another  llead  of  Khoia ;   as,  afterwards, 

khan  of  Hu^kff\  race.    Hift.  we  have  fuhilituted  Buzruk  for 

Ccfi£h.  p.  404.  Jalayr. 

(I)  This  feems  to  be  a  river  I 

JI  .3  '    bordei'9 

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198  ]tngUzKhsm.*s  Succeffbrs  B.V. 

I .  Seltan  borders  of  RJiniy  in  the  time  of  JMfa'id  Khdn^  received  iofonn- 

Sheykb    ation  of  the  ill  fuccefe  of  this  battle,  he  gathered  in  hafte  a 

HaiTan    numerous  army,  arid  took  the  fidd  againft  Mohammed  Khan, 

B^zruk.   ^jj  jj^g  sheykh  Hajfan  Buzruh    After  fcwne  ikirmifhes  of  no 

^■^^'^■•■^  moment,  the  competitors  came,  at  length,  to  a  decifive  battle, 

near  Jsfakhjhivan ;  in  which  Mohammed  Khan  being  killed^  and 

-    his  forces  defeated,  Sheykh  Hajfan  Buzruk  fled  for  fhelter  to 

the  city  of  Soltdntya,     On  this  occafion,  Sheykh  Hajfan  Kujuk 

conferred  the  government  of  Tabriz  (or  Tauris)  on  a  lady 

named  Satibika  (N),  while  he  marched  in  purfuit  of  his  ene- 

jnies,     Sheykh  Hajfan  Buzruk^  perceiving  the  viftor  prei&d 

him  clofe,  and  that  that  there  was  no  likelihood  of  efcapiag 

out  of  his  hands,  implored  his  clemency,  and  fnrrendered  him- 

felf  at  difcretipn.     After  this,  Sheykh  Hajfan  Kujuk  returning 

to  Tabriz,  Satibika  delivered  him  the  keys  of  that  city,  after. 

fhe  had  governed  there  a  whole  year;  and  the  iheykh,  to  re» 

compenfe  her  fidelity,  married  her  to  Soleyman,  a  lord  de-. 

fcended  (O)  from  Hulaku. 

Tchan  Some  time  after  this,  the  Sheykh  Hajfan  Buzruk,  having 

Timfir      found  means  to  efcape  out  of  the  hands  of  his  conqueror,  fled 

Khan.       to  BaghdM,  and  cauied  Jehan  Ttmtir  (?)  to  be  proclaimed  khan. 

A.  D.     This  done,  he  fct  forward,  to  try  his  fortune  once  more  againft 

'  3S^<     the  flieykh  Haffan  Kujuk :  but,  liaving  met  with  another  defeat, 

he  retreated  to  that  capital ;  and  believing  he  had  reafon  to  bo 

.    diflatisfied  with  JehanTimir,  depofed  him,  and  feized  the fur 

preme  authority  himfelf  «.     It  do^  not'  appear  that  he  had  any 

tartticr  ^onte|l  witji  fl^an  Kujuk,  whofe  death  f<?emB  to  hav» 

^  Abu'lghazi,  ubi  fupra. 

,    ( N )   This  muft  be  Satibeg^  Ahmed,  whom  feme  called  ^he» 

daughter  oi  Ah^fdid  Khdn,  and  med,  (on  o£  Htddku  Khan.    Thf 

marned    to    the    amir   Juban,  fame  author  makes  him  the  fe* 

grandfather  of  this  Hajfan,  who  venth  khan;  and  fays,  his  wife 

was  Ton  oi^tmurtajh.    La  Croix  gave  him  thattirie,  in  1338. 
names  her  Shah  Zddeh  Shdhibek        (P)  Jehdn  Timur  was  ion  of 

Katun;    and  places  her  as  the  Alfrdn,  ion  of  Kajeytu Khan,  ioVi 

fixth   khan    among   the   eight  ox  Ahdka  Khan,  fon  of  Hutalit 

khans  which,  according  to  his  Khan,     Kcjiytu    of   Abulghau 

authors,  reigned  after  the  death  Khan  is  the  fame  with  iSiikiu, 

of  Abufaid,  or  Ganjatit  Khan ;   that  is,  the 

(O)  Soltfmdn  was  fon  of  Mo-  eighth  khan  of  La  Croix,  wha 

hammed,   fon  of  Sangu,   fon  of  feems  to  have  made  his  foor^k 

Ynjhmut,  fon  of  Hufaku  Khan;  and  fifth  out  of  Togey  Tiwmr: 

fo  writes  Abitl^hdzi  Khan.     La  the  firft  called  Tagur  Kbdm  tllfi 

flroix,  lefs  accurately,  fays,  he  fecond  Bul^liim^  Khan. 


\y^s  ^he  fon  of  Sanki,  fon  qf 


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C.  4!  In  Iran,  cr  Perfia  at  large.  199 

happened  not  long  after  (QJ :  nor  do  we  meet  with  any  thing  i .  Soitdn 
relating  to  him  further  (R),  than  that  he  died  in  757,  after  a    ^^kh 
reign  of  twenty  years ;  and  left  for  his  fucceflbr  his  fon  Soltan  ^*^^ 
Avis*  ,    _  _  \ 

^e  Reign  of  SoUdn  Avis,  or  Wcls. 

yjVJS,  or  Awts  (called  alfo  Veis,  or  tVels^  and  commonly  2.  Soitdn 
'^^  5heykh  Avis,  or  VeU\  on  the  death  of  his  father  Sheykh     Avis.  - 
Haffan  Ilkhani^  furnamed  Buzruk,  fucceeded  to  the  ftates  which  ^-""V*^ 
|ie  poflefled  (S);  at  a  time  when  feverai  Mungl  princes,  de- 
icended  from  Jenghtz  Khdn^  had  divided  the  empire  of  Ab4- 
fatdKhariy  the  laft  fole  monarch  oi  Irah^  amongft  them.     In 
759,  Sheykh  AvU  entered  Azerbejariy  with  an  intent  to  con-  HeJ.  7^9, 
quer  it;  and  defeated  Akhijuky  who  was  mafter  of  that  pro-    A.  D^ 
yince  (T),  although  attended  with  a  poweHul  army.   Akhijuk^     *357- 
on  this  dtfafier,  fled  to  Tauris;  but,  not  thinking  himfelf  fafe  ^^^T^' 
inthat  city,  he  abandoned  it  to  his  enemy,  and  retired  to  Nakh^  Azerbc- 
Jbivdnp  on  the  bort^ers  of  Armenia.     AvU  would  have  found  ^    * 
no  more  enemies  in  all  that  great  province,  if  he  had  not  pro- 
cured them  himfelf,  by  his  feverity :  for  having  put  to  death 
forty  of  the  principal  lords  of  the  country,  he  fo  alienated  the 
minds  of  the  reft,  that  they  joined  with  ^*A/;V>5,  and  put  him 
in  pofleiEpn  of  all  ^hich  he  had  formerly  loft.    Thus  Avts 


(  Q^)  Viz,  \rx  745 ;  for  he  is 
reckoned  to  begin  his  reign  in 
73?,  and  to  hdve  fat  on  the 
throne  fcven  years. 

(R)  For  we  know  not  what 
to  make  of  what  La  Croix  fays, 
tkat  Buxruk  Haffan  at  lail  got 
himfelf  crowned  king  of  the 
Medes  (he  mufl'mean  Jzerhejdn), 
and  afterwards  of  Khaldea^  by 
ihtrtdiXx&ioTiof  Bdghdddy  Hilleh^ 
Wdfety  and  Bdjraby  which  had 
been  poflefled  hy'MaUk  AJhrdf 
the  Chuhaniany  unlefs  ^r^had 
taken  them  from  him  before. 

(S)  Haffan  Buxruk  feenv  to 
have  been  mailer  of  Bdghddd^ 
and  the  places  dependent  on  i^ 
or  of  Arabian  Irak  at  mofl,  at 
Ait^tz^\i€AHaJfanKuiuL  Tis 
pofiible  he  inlarged  his  domi- 
nions in  the  remainbg  eleven 
jr^ars  of  his  reign,  and  during 


that  of  Mdlek  AJhrdf  (the  fuc- 
ceflbr  oiUaJfan  Ku/uk),  who  waS 
a  debauched  prince. 

(T)  Here  we  meet  with  a 
difficulty.  Azerbejdn  was  con- 
quered by  ^ani  Bek,  eighth  khan 
oi  Kipjdky  in  Hejrah  756,  A,  D^ 
115  c  :  then  returning,  he  left 
his  ion  Birdi  Bek,  who  did  not 
return  till  two  years  after  his 
father's  death,  which  happened 
in  758  :  fo  that  Birdi  Bek  muft 
have  flaid  in  Azerbejdn  till  759^ 
if  not  till  760.  Yet,  in  the  text, 
we  are  told  Akbijuk  was  mafter 
of  chat  provinte  in  75^  How 
happened  this?  did  Birdi  Beit 
leave  it  to  Akhijuk  ? ,  or  did  Ak- 
hijuk  fcize  it  after  Birdi  Bek*% 
departure?  This  feem^  to  be 
the  cafe ;  fince  La  Croix  tells  us; 
that  Birdi  Bek  left  the  country  of 
Azerbejdn  to  Soltan  Avu. 

M  4  being 


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200  Jcnghlz  KhSn*j  Succejfors  R  V^ 

t*  Soltan  bring  conftra'mcd  to  abandon  hjs  new  conqueft,  retired  withj 
Avis,     a  ftiattered  army  to  Bdghddd,  which  h^  made  his  refidencc, 
V*V^  However,  he  did  not  lofc  courage  pn  this  r^verfe  of  fortnnc,; 
A.  D.    but  ftUl  purfued  his  firft  defign :  for,  the  next  fpring,  he 
1358*     caufcd  fr^fli  troops  to  march  towards  Tauris.\  where  ha^dng 
furprifed  Akhyuk^  who  had  been  diftarbed  a^  the  winter  by 
another  eneniy,  named  Mohavpned  Modbaffer  (Q),  or  Mozaffer^ 
ii^  feized  Ws  perfon,  and  put  him  to  death; 
^ilb  a        In  765  Avts  was  engaged  in  troubled  at  home :  for,  while 
rebelihn.    h^  Was  in  Azerbej&n^  Kbow^a  Merj^n^  with  whom  he  ha4 
Hcj.  765.  ^cre  left  the  command  of  the  troops  in  his  abfence,  refiif^  to 
A.  D.    pbey  iiis  orders  ;  and  obliged  hinl  to  come  in  peribn,  at  the 
^irh     liead  of  his  forces,  to  bring  him  to, his  duty.     But  this  cxp^-^ 
dition  was  foon  finifhed :  for  Merjdn  opened  the  gates  to  hun  j 
and  received  pardon  for  his  tranfgreffion,  on  makmg  new  pro^ 
teftations  of  fidelity.    After  taking  one  year's  repofe  in  his  ca- 
pital, he  of  a  fuddcn  fell  upon  the  cities  of  I^dful  and  Mar^ 
m  Biy^rbekr^  and  reduced  them  both  in  a  very  fhort  fpace, 
Jlej.  772.  tn  772  Soltan  Avts  marched  againft  the  amir  Veliy  who  ha'd  fubii 
A.  D.     dued  the  province  of  Maz4nderdn,  after  driving  out  Toga 
1370.     TimtlrKba^  (D),  whom' he  put  to  d^ath;  and,  having  de- 
jTeated  him  iii  battle,  purfu^  him  as  far  as  Sefhn4n,  toward^ 
the  borders  of  KhoraJ^n, 
JiJs  death.      After  this  viftory,  Avrf  returned  toB^ghd&d^  where  ha 
A.  u.     refided  in  peace  tiU  776,  when  he  fell  fick  j  and,  his  diftemper 
-'?74'     increafing,  the,  principal  minifters  intreated  that  he  wpuld  ^ve 
orders  about  the  fucceffipn  j  for  he  left  four  fons,  Bajfan^  Huf". 
fayriy  Ahmed^  and  Bayeztd.    His  anfwer  was,  that  he  chofe 
Bujfayn  for  his  fuccefibr ;  and  that  Haffan  fhould  be  content 
with  the  government  of  BdghdM.  .  The  minifters  replied,  thit 
Hajfarty  being  the  ^Ideft,  would  poifiWy  not  reft  fatisfied  wi4 
that  difpofition.     Upon  which  tiie  foltan  faid,  Tau  Anow  that 
ivhkh  muft  be  done^    By  thefe  words  the  minifters  concludti^, 
that  the  foltan  gave  them  power  to  do  that  which  they  judged 
moft  for  the  good  of  the  ftate,  feized  Hajfan,  and  put  him 
under  a  ftroi^  guard.    As  Ai^h  loft  his  fpeech  not  long  afier,^ 
fo  that  he  could  not  explain  himfelf  farther  with  relation  ta 
tfajfatiy  as  foon  as  his  eyes  were  clofed,  the  minifters  of  ftate, 
who  w<fre  d^fir^us  to  f^cure  the  ^rqwi^  tp  U^ayn^  put  Hai^ 

(C)  This  might  have  been  where    he    reigned,  fbrty-twa 

"Jdobaraxoddin  Mohammed^  foun-  years. 

fJerof  the  M?«^i/r/tf«  dynafty  in        (D)  Before  tailed  ^Togtg  Ti* 

fdrsf  or  Profit  P^rfia J  in  ^18^  mr  X^^^fktia^hySh^pihjSi. 


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C.  4*  i^  Iran,  of  Perfia  at  larger '  tot 

Jan  thdr  prifoner  to  death,  acid  buried  bodi  the  fisher  andfoo  t.  SeUdM 
on  the  fame  day  *•  Avi«. 

SoLTAN  Avis  reigned  nineteen  yeats.    According  to  Arab*  ^^f^i^ 
JbMy  he  was  ^  religious,  good,  and  j^  prince  :  had  few  vices  |  ^"  ^^4* 
and  many  virtues,  which  ^ere  vifible  in  his  afpeft.   He  was  ad  ^^^*. 
excellent  conmiander,  and  v^  courageous ;  a  great  warrior, 
and  fuccefsful  in  1^  expeditions :  was  well  beloved  and  re^ 
fpefted  by  all  degrees  6f  perfons  >,    But,  in  what  the  iam« 
author  adds,  that  this  prince  reHgned  the  crown  to  Huffkytt 
(whom  he  calls  his  eldeft  ibn),  to  lead  %  devput  life,  on  account 
of  a  dream  which  he  had  of  his  death ;  and  that  he  died, 
^er  having  lived  holily  more  than  thirty  years,  he  fe^ms  to 
)iave  been  miftaken :  fince  the  Perjian  writers  are  filent  as  to 
any  fuch  thing ;  and  what  is  related  abov^,  appears  more  pr6*-s  • 
Ibabl?. 

The  Reign  of  SoMn  Hu%n, 

TjVSSATNy  fecond  fon  of  Sheykb  Avis^  or  Trf/,  had  die  3.  ^oMn 
J--^  fumame  of  Hurkhdn ;  becaufe  hi5  was  nearly  rebted  t6  Huflayn. 
the  7krf/;ig/ foMns  of  the  race  of  J^wg-WzASiJ^jas  weUas  that  of  ^--v**^ 
JlKh&nu  ^  bong  defcended  frcmi  HuldkA.    This  prt^c^  who 
tiras  poHHIed  of  Arabian  or  Babylon^  Ir$ky  and  Az€rh€}t% 
purried  his  arms  into  P^rfian  IrAk ;  and  probably  would  have 
fnbdued  that  province,  had  he  not  been  prevented  by  the  re^ 
bellicm  and  fratricide  of  his  brother  Afmed^  in  the  following 
manner.    In  the  year  784  Soltan  Huffayn  fent  Adel  Aga,  gene-  Hej.  7^4. 
ral  of  his  troops,  to  befiege  certain  caftles  belonging  to  the    A,  I>4 
city  erf  R(^y  or  ^ey^  in  Perjian  Jr$ki  and  having,  for  that     >382» 
purpofe,  ^ven  him  the  greater  p^rt  of  his  forces,  Ahmed  ^oo\i 
the  opportunity,  under  pretence  of  fome  difcontent,  to  retlwj 
from  the  city  of  Tabriz^  oc  Tauris,  where  the  court  then  was, 
to  that  of  Ardeifl  (about  thirty  miles  diftant).    The  folt4n, 
bdng  informed  of  this  retreat,  immediately  fent  an  cxprefs 
^ter  him,  to  order  his  return  1  but  this  prince,  who  had  great 
defigns  in  his  head,  refiifed  to  obey  the  command  ;  and,  at  thb 
fame  time,  raifmg  what  troops  he  could,  came  and  furprifed 
his  brother,  who  remained  in  a  manner  difarmed  in  his  capital. 
JHtiffkyn,  not  being  in  a  condition  to  make  refiftance  agaiiift  ^i^mly 
this  unexpefted  attack,  endeavoured  to  conceal  himfclf,  that  he  Ahmed* 
might  not  fall  into  Ahined!s  hands :  but  he  was  foon  difcovcred, 
|md  brought  before  14s  upnatural  brother,  who*  ordered  hiih  to 

•  KoNDAM.  ap.  D.Herbel,  p.  149.  art.  Avis,        ^  AaABs^; 
Ubi  fu|>«  1.  iii.  ^.  3. 

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Jcnghfe  Khan'j  Succiffirs 


B.  V. 


t:  Scbam  be  put  to  death  *•  Arahjbiih  relates,  that  JhrnedrvrcHtcA,  m  the 
Hiiflayn.  latter  Jornada  of  the  year  7835  and,  after  keeping  his  brother  a 
V^^V""**^  year  in  niifcry,  put  him  to  death ;  at  which  time  he  was  turned 
cH  twenty.  According  to  the  fame  author,  this  prince,  whom 
hp  names  JaMlo'ddth  Hujfayn^  was  the  moft  wtuous,  and  wor- 
thy to  reign,  of  all  the  fons  of  Sheykh  Avis^  in  whofc  fteps  he 
trod  :  he  was  good  to  his  fubjefts^  and  very  generous,  full  of 
courage  and  magnanimity  ^« 

"The  Reign  of  Soltdn  Ahmed. 

4.&//&   ^7\/T0GHITH0'DDIN  Ahmed,  called  alfo  Ahmed  Jdayr 
Ahmed.    •^'^  (A),  third  fon  of  Sheykh  Avh,  ha^g  put  his  brother 
\m  mmymi^  ffufayfi  to  death,  immediately  afTumed  the  tide  of  foltan ;  but 
was  in  danger  of  loiing  it  almoft  as  foon  as  he  had  ufurped 
it :  for  his  younger  brother  Bayezid,  frighted  at  the  horrid 
murder  which  he  had  committed,  fled  for  reftige  to  Adel  Aga, 
who  commanded  the  army.    This  general,  fliocked  at  the  hor- 
rid aft  no  kfs  than  the  young  prince,  inunediately  acknowteged 
him  for  lawful  foltan,  and  marched  in  purfuit  of  .Aimed ;  who, 
-  .         not  having  forces  fujfEdent  to  refift  his,  fled  in  his  turn,  and 
retired  to  Marvand.    However,  while  Adel  Aga  perfifted  to 
.purfue  Ahmed,  and  had  almoft  gotten  him  into  his  hands,  the 
principal  officers  of  the  army  mutinied  againft  him,  in  favour 
of  the  ufurper ;  fo  that  he  was  forced,  to  retire  with  his  neir 
foltan  to  the  city  of  Soltantya.     Ahmed,  on  this  advice  did  not 
fail  to  throw  himfelf  immediately  into  Tauris :  but  he  wa$n(> 
fooner  arrived  there,  than  he  received  the  pews  that  Sb^tii 
Alt  and  Ptr  Alt  were  advancing  to  befieg^  him. 
Bxpelled        AH  ME  D,  tho'  not  fufficiently  prepared  for  fuch  a  fudden 
4tndre'      attack,  yet,  being  full  of  courage,  marched  out  of  Tauris  to 
Jkred.       give  them  battle.     The  two  armies  were  now  in  fight  near  a 
place  called  Heft  Rudh,  or  the  Seven  Rivers,  when  Omar  Kip- 
m     .  chdH  went  over  with  his  troops  from  Ahmed,  and  joined  Sheykh 
Alt.    As  this  piece  of  treachery  loft  him  the  viftory,  of  which 
he  feemed  already  fecure,  he  found  he  had  no  other  courfe  left 
but  to  retire  in  hafte  to  the  city  of  Nakhfhiv&rty  and  obtam 
fuccour  of  Kara  Mohammed  the  TurkmAn,  firft  prince  of  the 
dynafty  named  Kara  Kuyunlu,  or  the  Black  Sheep.  This  prince 
indrely  re-eftabliflied  the  aftairs  of  Ahmed :  for,  joining  him 

*  KoNDAM.  ubi  fup.  p.  149.  &  464,  art.  AyisSc  Hooflain  ben 
Avis.  **  Araesh.  ubi  fup. 

(A)  Called  Moghitho'Mn  in  Arahjkahi  and  Ahmed  JiJs^yr  in 
Sbati/oddin^  life  of  Timur  Bd. 

with 


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G.  47  In  Mil,  or  Pcrfia  at  hrgi.  aog 

with  5000  horfe,  they  marched  agaiaft  their  enemies ;  and  de*  4.  89!tin 
featedthemfo  effeftually,  that . both  Sheykh  ^i  and  Pir  M  Ahmed, 
were  killed  on  tBe  fpot.    After  this  viftory,  Jhmed  returned  ^■"n^*'M 
in  triumph  to  Tauris ;  but  he  did  not  remain  quiet  long  :  for 
Adel  Aga  (till  maintained  his  ground  in  Soltdntya  with  Soltan 
Bayezidy  and  gave  him  no  fmall  uneafinefe;  till  Ttmilr  Bek^ 
in  the  year  795,  fubdued  Perjtan  Irdk^  when  that  city,  with 
the  reft,  fell  into  his  hands. 

But  at  the  fame  time  Timir  took  this  thorn  out  oT  jAhmei%  ^^ttj^^ 
fide,  he  thruft  a  worfe  into  its  place  :  for,  the  fame  year,  that  h  Jf  irofir, 
(;onqueror  marched  to  beiiege  him  in  Bdghdady  from  whence  ^^'  795* 
the  foltin  fled,  leaving  his  capital  at  the  mercy  of  the  enemy*    ^' 
A  party  of  Tatars  purfued  him  hotly  as  far  as  the  plain  of      ^' 
KerMa,  on  the  weft  fide  of  the  Euphrates  :  where,  after  feve- 
rs fldrmiihes,  Ahmed,  by  ftratagem,  efcaped  out  of  theii*  hands, 
with  Kara  T^fef  the  Turkmdn  \  who  had  accompanied  him  ever 
fince  the  great  fervice  which  he  had  done  him  at  the  batile  of 
ileft  Rudh,   After  this  narrow  deliverance,  tjiey  continued  their 
road,  new:  flopped  till  they  arrived  in  Anatolia :  but,  not  find-^    A.  D. 
ing  themfelves  fafe  enough  there,  they  pafled  into  Egypt ^  under  ^   1 39^« 
the  proteftion  of  Al  Mdlek  al  NSjfer  Farraj,  fecond  foltan  of  the 
CherkaJ/ian  Maml£is,  who  began  his  reign  in  80 1 .  This  prince, 
who,  through  fear  o£  Timtir's  power,  was  willing  to  hold  a 
good  correlpondence  with  him,  did  not  fail  to  fend  him  no- 
tic^  of  the  arrival  of  thefe  two  new  guefts. 

TIMURy  on  tiiis  advice,  wrote  to  Farraj^  that,  i(  he  would  Detained 
g^ve  him  fome  proof  of  his  friendfliip,  he  jQiould  fend  him  m  Egypt. 
Soltan  Ahmed  under  a  ftrong  guard,  and  keep  the  Turkmdn  pri* 
foner.     Th^  king  of  Eppt,  wiUmg  both  to  preferve  the  laws 
of  hofpitality,  and  in  fome  nieafure  fatisfy  Timur^  fet  guards 
upon  the  reftig^  princes  :  but,  as  they  had  liberty  to  converfc 
tc^ether,  they  formed  a  league  among  themfelves,  by  which 
|hey  engaged  to  remain  firm  in  the  foltan  pf  Egypt* ^  alliance, 
and  to  aiSu  ^ach  other  againft  all  oppofers,  as  foon  as  they  fhould 
recover  their  liberty  \  which  did  not  happen  till  the  year  807,  Hcj.  807^ 
after  the  death  of  TlmAr.  As  foon  as  Farraj  received  this  news,    A.  D* 
he  loaded  his  prifoners  with  carefles,  and  difmifled  them:  but     >404» 
fcarce  had  Kara  T4/ef  gotten  out  of  the  Egyptian  dominions, 
when,  putting  hi^ifelf  at  the  head  of  his  Turkmans,  he  feized 
great  part  of  Irak  Arabi,  and  Al  Jazireh,  ot^Mefapotamia^  , 
Farraj^  highly  incenfed  at  this  irruption,  complained  in  fharp 
terms  to  Soltan  Ahmed,  on  whofe  account  that  conqueft  was 
inade  :  but,  receiving  no  fatisfaftion,  he  intirely  withdrew  his 
protection  from  him. 

Mean  time  Ahmed^  lofing  no  courage,  altho'  he  faw  him-  Recovers 
{^  abandone;^  by  fo  powerrul  ^  ally,  had  r^courfe  to  ftra-  B5ghd4d. 

tagem; 


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ao4  Jcngiiiz  Khan'jr  Suecejfors  B/V; 

4.  5<7//tf«'tagemt  he  ]^ut  lumfelf,  withfomc  of  his  people,  in  the  habit 

Ahmed,  of  mendicants  ;  and;  by  that  means  getting  into  Bdghddd  xxh" 

^^rw— "^  difcovercd,  ftirred  up  a  great  tumult  againft  the  governor,  who 

there  commanded  in  behalf  of  Omar  Mirza,  to  whom  T^tmur 

hkd  given  it.     The  etfeft  was,  that  the  governor  was  driven 

out ;  and  then  Ahmed^  appearing  among  the  inhabitants,  was 

A  D,    proclaimed  foltin  by  them.     Towards  the  end  of  the  year 

i1qc[    808,  vfh&Q  Mubekr  M^rza^  grandfon  of  Timdr,  was  engaged 

in   the  fiege  of  IJpdhMf  Sheykh  Ibrahim^   king^  of  Shirwdn, 

came  and  reduced  the  city  of  Tauris*     On  this  news,  Ahmed 

immediately  fet  out  from  Baghdad  with  his  ^my :  but,  on  hir 

:ipproach,  Ibrahim  returned  to  Shirwdn ;  while  the  foltan,  cn^ 

tering  that  city,  became  again  in  poflcflion  of  all  his  domiT 

jQtons,  on  which  account  he  made  great  rejoicings. 

defeated       NEXT  year  Sheykh  Ibrahim^  after  he  had  reduced  IJ^ibdn^ 

0tdJUHnf  rtfolv^  to  pay  Ahmed  a  vifit ;  and,  ha^ng  mardied  to  Tauris, 

obliged  *him  to  leave  that  city,  and  fly  full-fpeed  to  Sd^hddd, 

In  the  mean  time  Kara  Tifrf^  taking  advantage  of  the  divii* 

ftons  which  reigped  among  thefe  neighbonring  princes,  wha 

made  war  upon  each  other,  fell  with  bis  frefh  and  warlike 

troops  upon  the  province  of  Azerbejdn,  and  fubdued  it  intirdy 

within  the  fpace  of  two  or  three  years.     Ahmed,  unable  to  (^ 

Hej.  $iZ'  this  conqueft  without  regret,  refolved,  in  812,  to  attack  th^  ' 

I  A.  D.     Turkm&n ;  and  wreft  out  of  his  hands  a  country  which  he  con-. 

1409.     fidered  as  the  patrimony  of  his  anceftors.     For  this  purpofe 

be  took  the  opportunity,  when  he  was  moft  employed  in  the 

'    war  which  he  then  cartried  on  againft  Kara  Othmhn  (prince  of 

the  White  Sheep  dynafty),  in  the  Greater  Armenia,  and  furprifed 

Taurts\   which  he  entered  in  813,  without  any  refiftance, 

Kara  Tdfef  no  fooner  heard  this  trick  which  Ahmed  had  played 

•     him,  than  he  marched  with  his  troops  againft  the  foltan-,  who 

advanced  to  meet  him  with  all  his  forces,  two  leagues  from 

7aurts,  where  a  moft  bloody  battle  was  fought  between  thefe 

two  princes.    , 

If  Kara  *      '^^^  Ttcrkmdfi  obtained  the  viftory  iri  {p  complete  a  man* 

liTuicf.       ^^^y  ^^^^  ^^^  foltan  had  fcarce  time  to  fave  himfelf  in  a  ndgh-^ 

-bourtng  garden,  where  he  remained  hidden  for  fome  time; 

but,  being  at  length  difcovered,  he  was  prefented  to  his  van-! 

iquiiher;  who  reproached  him  with   his  late  treachery,  but 

without  depriving  him  either  of  his  life,  or  the  title  of  Cdnn, 

However*,  he  difpofed  of  his  dominions,  and  laid  him  under 

^n  injunftion  never  |o  attempt  any  thing  againft  his  authority. 

But,  not  long  after,  the  principal  lords  of  IrM  Arabt,  who 

who  were  ijicenfed  againft  the  foltan,  cqunfeUed  Kara  Tifef  to ' 

cut  him  off;  alledging,  that  this  prince,  who  was  naturally  of 

\  rcftleft  difpofition,  woyld  jigt  remain  ioug  witbgut;  invdv^ 


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C/4*  -S^  Iran,  $r  Perfia  at  largel  105 

log  them  in  fome  new  war,  which  would  complete  their  ruin*  4.  So//ai^ 
The  Turkman  followed  their  advice  ;  and  commanded  both  him   Ahnacd. 
and  his  children  to  be  put  to  death  that  fame  year,  813.  (A).  ^  ■*\^*»J 
Thus  ended  the  family  of  Sheykh  Hajan  Buzruk,  which  had  ^^J-  ^»  J* 
raifed.itfelf  to  a  very  high  pitch  of  grandeur  as  well  a5  power;     ^'  ^* 
and  that  of  the  Kara  Kuycnlu,  or  Black  Sheep,  fucceeded  ia     *4<o* 
its  room*. 

It  appears  from  the  above  hiftory  of  this  prince,  that  he  His  cha* 
was  of  a  cruel,  tyrannical,  treacherous,  and  turbulent  difpo-  nSer. 
£rion ;  which  is  agreeable  to  the  character  givea  of  him  by 
Arabjb^ :  who  informs  us,  that,  after  he  was  become  mafter 
of  Baghdad,  by  the  murder  of  his  brother  Huffayn,  he  gave  a 
loofe  to  his  violent  and  unjuft  humour,  by  treating  his  fubjeAs 
very  ill ;  and  never  ceafed  from  doing  mifchief,  depriving  them 
rf  their  effefts  and  lives  at  pleafure.  In  (hort,  his  debauchery, . 
cruelty,  and  rapines,  grew  at  length  fo  intolerable,  that  it  wa$ 
reported  the  citizens  of  Bdghddd  called  in  Tirrmr  to  relieve 
their  nufery.  The  fame  author  recites  two  lines  which  this 
foltin  wrote  to  that  conqueror,  when  he  fled  before  his  army : 
the  fcnfe  of  which  is,  Jf  I  have  been  maimed,  fo  that  I  cannot 
fight ;  yet  I  have  not  beenfo  lamed,  but  that  I  am  able  to  run. 
Thefe  verfes  were  cutting,  as  they  hinted  at  a  lamenefs  in  th© 
arm  aad  1^,  fuch  as  TtmAr  is  reported  to  have  had  \ 

\ 

'SECT-    II. 

Tb^  Djnajly  of  the  Jubanians,  or  Chubanians.' 


^be  Reign  of  Sbeykb  Haflan  Kujuk. 

SHEYKH  Ifqffhn  Kujuk,  or  the  Lejfer,  fo  called  to  diflin-  i.  ^^Itirt 
gnifh  him  from  Sheykh  Hajfan  Buzruk,  or  the  Greater,  Hailan 
founder  of  the  dynafty  of  the  Ilkhanians ;  was  tlie  fon  of  Timftr- 
tajb,  fon  <rf  the  amir  Jubdn,  or  Chubdn  (B),  who  was  tutor 
to  AbiifdidKhhn,  and  general  of  his  armies.  In  virtue  of  thefe 
great  employments,  he  afted  as  regent  during  the  minority  of 
his  pupil;  and  difcharged  his  truft  withfo  muchjuftice  and 


Kujuk. 


■  KoNDAM.  ttbi  fup.  Avis,  Ahmed. 
fopra. 


Arabshah,  ubi 


(A)  The  reader  will  meet 
with  fcvcral  other  particulars 
relating  to  this  prince,  in  the  hi- 
ftory oT  Kara  Yufef  and  Timitr 
Bek ;  which  it  will  be  neceflary 
to  caafait,  in  Order  to  explain 


fome  obfcurities  which  may  oc^ 
cur  in  the  text. 

(B)  It  has  been  noted  in  the 
former  fedlion,  that  this  name 
belonged  to  the  chief  of  the 
tribe  of  Seidus. 

fidelity. 


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fto6  '  Jcnghlz  JCh^nV  Succeffirs  B.  V. 

Soitan  fidelity,  tK^t,  as  foon  as  he  heard  that  his  fon  Tttn&rtajh  had 
rebelled  in  the  country  of  Mnty  or  Anatolia^  of  which  he  was 
governor,  he  marched  againft  him,  and  brought  him  in  chains 
*  to  the  foot  of  the  throne,  for  Ahiifdid  to  difpofe  of  him  as 
he  thought  fit :  but  ha^ng  afterwards  difobliged  that  prince^ 
by  refufing  to  confent  to  the  divorce  of  his  daughter,  whom 
he  had  married  to  Sheykh  Hajfan  Buzruk^  and  give  her  up  to 
his  embraces,  conformable  to  a  law  among  the  Mungb,  which 
intitles  the  khan  to  the  wife  of  any  of  his  fubjefts  ;  Abufaii 
never  refted  till  he  found  an  occafion  of  deftroying  turn,  as 
hath  been  already  related  in  the  hiftory  of  his  reign. 
Kfe  and        As  for  Tim^rtajby  that  prince  not  only  pardoned  his  crime, 
fowir.       the  amir  JibAn  bdng  then  in  favour,  but  alfo  reftored  him  to 
the  government  of  Rihi^  where,  for  the  future,  his  condud 
was  free  from  blame  :  but,  not  thinking  himfelf  fafe  in  that 
country  after  the  death  of  his  father,  in  727,  he  took  fhelter 
A.  D.    in  the  court  of  At  M&lek  al  Naffer,  foltan  of  Egypt.     Thus 
1335.     inatters  flood  with  his  family  till  the  year  736  :  when,  on  the 
demife  of  AkA/ai'd  KhAn,  who  left  no  iflue,  Hajfan^  fumamed 
Kujuk  (A),  fon  of  Tindrtafbj    feeing  the  governors  of  pro- 
vinces fet  up  for  foverdgns  in  their  refpeftive  departments', 
and  aflume  the  title  of  foltin,  or  prince,  believed  he  had  no 
lefs  a  right  to  afpire  to  a  crown.     In  order  to  compafs  his  dc- 
fign,  he  returned  to  the  country  of  Rurriy  where  his  father  had 
many  friends;    and,   aflembling  a  confiderable  number  of 
troops»  marched  into  Azerbejdn,  againfl  Mohammed  Khiti'^xA 
HaffanBuzruky  whom  he  vanquiftied,  killing  the  firfl  in  battle; 
and  fo  diftreffing  the  latter,  that  he  at  length  furrendered  himfelf 
into  his  hinds.     It  is  true,  Buzruk  made  his  efcape  to  BdghdU 
fome  time  afterwards ;  and,  having  fet  up  another  khan  in  4e 
room  of  the  deceafed  Mohammed^  marched  to  try  his  fortune 
anew  againft  Hajfan  Kujuk :  but  he  was  again  defeated,  and 
took  rrfuge  in  Bighddd,  as  has  been  before  related  in  the  fore- 
going feftion. 
Murdered      Mean  time  Hqffan  J^w/wJt  became  every  day  more  formida- 
iy  his        ble ;  and  it  is  not  known  how  far  he  would  have  carried  his 
'ujife.        conquefts,  if  he  had  not  been  cut  off,  in  the  midft  of  his  ca- 
reer, by  a  violent  death,  in  the  following  manner.    This  prince 
having  caufed  one  Tiikub  Shdh  to  be  arretted  on  fome  occafioa 
or  other,  his  wife,  who  had  an  intimacy  with  that  perfon,  ima- 
gined the  fecret  had  been  difcovered ;  under  which  apprehcn- 
fion,  fhe  took  the  opportunity,  while  Sheykh  Haffan  was  6ft 

*  D'HsRBBL.  p.  403.  art.  Gioban. 

(A)  Abfflghazi  Khan  calls  him  Sheykh  Haffim  Khoja. 

aileep. 

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€.  4*  ^  ^^^9  ^  Vtti\z  at  ldrg;il 

afleepy  after  hard  drinking,  to  cut  his  throat.    It  is  remark^ 
able,  that,  not\^thftandinff  this  fheykh  was  fo  powerful,  he 
neyo*  aflumed  the  title  ot  khan  ^.    This  prince  founded  the 
dynafty  of  the  Jib&nians  in  738,  two  ye^s  after  the  death  c^  It  • 
Ahufaid  Khtriy  and  rdgned  feveri :  during  which  time;  he  was  ^^'  ^  * 
always  at  war  with  fome  or  other  of  his'neighbours,  and  made        '     * 
faimfeif  mafter  of  Azerh^^  and  Perjian  Irak ;  which  domi-  * 

nions  he  left  to  his  brother  M&lek  Ajbrif^.  ^ 

ne  Reign  of  Malek  al  Afliraf.     • 

CHEYEH  Haffan  Kujuk  having  come  by  an  untimely  death  2.  Sobam 
^  m  the  manner  above  related,  his  brother  TkM/p*  al  Ajbr&f^^^\^ 
fucceeded  him  in  the  ufurpation  of  the  fupreme  power  ;  and,    Aihrafc 
inmiediately  afteo  conferred  the  dignity  of  khin  upon  Naw. 
Shirwan,  one  of  the  defcendants  of  Hul&M  KhAn :  fcut,  ia  a 
ihort  time,  repenting  of  what  he  had  done,  thruft  him  from 
the  throne  to  which  he  had  advanced  him,  and  feized  it  for 
himfelf     As  this  prince  was  very  tyrannical,  and  led  amoft 
fcandalous  life,  great  numbers  of  his  fubjeds,  and,  among 
others,  the  chief  jufKce,  left  his  dominions,  and  went  into 
KtjyM,  where  Jd^ni  Bek  Khdn  then  reigned ;  to  whom  they 
reprefented  the  aftions  of  MMek  Ajhr^  in  fudi  a  light,  that 
he  thought  himfelf  obliged  in  confcience  to  invade  his  domi- 
nions *•     Accordingly  he  fct  forward ;  and,  after  a  long  march, 
entered  AzerbejAn  5  in  which,  advancing  as  far  as  the  city 
Khui^  or  Koy,  he  was  met  by  MMek  Ajbrtf  with  nearly  equal 
forces ;    but,  viftory  declaring  in  his  favour,  the  latter  was 
defeated  and  flain,  in  the  year  756.    Hereupon  JAni  Bek  KhAn  Hej.  756. 
feized  his  dominions ;  and  divided  among  his  fubjefts  all  the    A.  D. 
tr^ure  of  thatufurper,  which  amounted  to  400  camel-loads     i3SS« 
of  gold  and  jewels,  befides  other  valuable  effefts.    After  this, 
the  khdn  returned  home,  lea^ng  his  fon  Birdi  Bek  to  govern 
the  conquered  countries  ^.    The  oriental  authors  give  to  Mdkk 
d  Ajbr£f2i  xtvgfk  of  thirteen  years, 

^  Abu'lgh.  Khat),  p,  190.  ^  D'Hbrb.  ubi  fupnu 

*  See  before^  p.  io6,  >*  Abv'lghazi  Khan  hid.  p.  i^» 

198. 


BOOK 

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BOOK.  VI. 

^be  Hifiory  of  Timikr  Bek,  CQmmonly  called  Ta-| 
irierlan,  and  bis  Succeffbrs. 

C  H  A  P.    L 

^i  tranfaHifn^  f  receding  Timftr'j  Reign. 

$harifo*d-  A  MONG  the  many  oriental  authors  who  have  written 
^  All.  /"^  the  life  of  this  great  prince,  two  are  particularly 
^  '^  famous.  The  firft  is  the  muUa  Sharif o'ddin  M,  a  na^ 
tive  of  tezd^  in  Pdrs,  or  Proper  Perfia ;  who  wrote  in  Per^ 
Jian  (A)>  ^t  the  command  of  Ibrahtm  Soltdn,  fon  of  Shah  Rukh, 
/on  of  Titnur^  in  the  year  1424,  nineteen  years  after  the  death 
of  that  conqueror.  Not  only  kbndamir,  but  all  other  hifto- 
xiansy  agree  that  he  is  the  moft  valuable  of  all  thofe  who  have 
suvritten  on  the  fubjeft,  on  account  both  of  the  delicacy  oE  his 
ilyle,  and  completcnefs  of  his  work  * :  nor  is  this  to  be  won- 
dered zt,  when  the  reader  is  informed,  that  it  was  compiled 
from  a  journal,  or  memoirs,  wherein  the  minuteft  a£Hons  zaA 
iHfcourfes  of  Timiir  on  all  occafions  were  penned  down  by  7i- 
tar  and  Perjian  fecretaries,  who  always  attended  him  for, that 
purpofc.  To  thefe  were  added,  reports  of  fafts,  by  feveral 
officers  zad  great  lords  who  Were  upon  the  fpot ;  after  they  had 
(been  verified,  in  the  prefence  of  TtTnuTy  by  other  credible  wit- 
,'iiefles,  whom  he  examined  himfelf  ^. 
Jfliliined  The  fecond  author  is  Ahmed  ebn  Jrab/hihy  a  Syrian^  wto 
Arabfliah.  wrote  in  Arabic ;  and,  thirty-five  years  after  the  death  erf  Ttmir^ 
publifhed  his  hiftory,  which  is  reckoned  by  GoHus  to  com** 
prife  ull  the  elegance  of  that  language  *=  (B).  But  'this  authqr 
Hved  at  too  great  a  diftance  to  be  acquainted  with  the  adioQS 
of  that  prince  fo  well  as  4he  former ;  befides,  being  prejudiced 
againft  Timur^  like  feveral  other  Turiijfb  and  Jrab  hiftoriaas  1 

•  Hift.  Tim.B^k,  ,prcf.  edit.  p.  6,  &  feq.  ^  Ibid.  pref. 

^auth.  p.  30.         ^  Ibid.  pref.  edit.  p.  8.  ,Sc  Vatiers  Tra&fl|t« 
of  Arablh.  pref.  p-  6,  &.  11. 

(A)  This  hiftory  is  intituled,  finy,  in  the  life  and  affiant  •f 
Zafer  Nameh  Amir  I'itnur  Gur  Timfir  ;  compofed  hy  AhmeA^Jtm 
Khan;  that  is.  The  hiftory  of  ^  ArabMh.  TJic  hiftory  of  .4? 
conquefis  of  prince  Timar,  fon-  Hafen^  or  Hajfan^  and  others,  tie 
in-lanAj  of  the  khan,  full  of  fables,  and  not  much  tO 

(B)  The  work  is  intituled,  A    be  regarded^ 


memorial  of  the  njuondert  qf  dt* 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


fer  lttrf{ii^<x$lfl^fed  their  cottntries,  he  takes  all  ocoafions  to 
i4^  a^  kahcken  his  charaiftcr*  ThefeHrriters  make  .him  ori- 
I^D^y  K  OMpti^,  whd  raifed  Ms  ibrtdne  by  robbing  oit  the 
hsghm^f :  ^cf  ha^  changed  his  name  &om  Timiir'B^t;  or 
Beg^  td  fJr^w*-  L^i,  which  fignifies  kmcf  jn-ctendhig  that  \tt 
Uras  hx^(^  b^  ad  arrow,  wich  which  l>e  v^as  Aot  by  a  ifaepherd 
ip^iiofe  ihaep  Ike-^iras  fteaiihg;  anfd  from  henoe  Europtans  hove 
•formed  the  fi»ttfte  <rf  ThTnerldin,  or  Tamhurkw^. 

As  file  ftift  of  thdb  Wo  authors  (C)  is.  hi  many  refpefts,  I'hifirfl 
€d  b«  |Jrrferred>  we  jndged  we  could  not  do  letter  dian  ^Ytfollo^cd'y 
Ae  reifidep  fib'  abfkaA  of  his  hlftctty ;  yet  adding,  by  way  of 
tm^i   wtef  %e  thoti^t  proper,  from  EH  Ara^Jhhb^  and . 
otha^.     t)iJr  gWng  the  IflftcH^  of  this  prince,  as  wett  as  /w- 
;^2i  JCM»,  IB  fome  detail,  may  ierve  td  moke  the  reader  l^tsii^ 
^taiem^  for  the  fcanty  meinOtrs  relatir^  to  the  im^rmediaib 
foccdibrs  cf  Ae  latter.    And  indeed^  from  the  rei^n  of  *oflc 
great  pitetfe,  wfe  reoeive  niore  tiffeful  kniywlege^  bj^  the  variety  - 

of  e:fttraordinary  ^en«ts.  which  happen,  t^A  fiom  thoftf  of 
jsteny  odiers-,  who  haVe  made  no  great  figbft  hi  the  world* 
Bat,  before  wi*  enter  dSri^ftly  npori  the^^eignof  T/f/w^^^/*,  it 
"iHiSk  be  prop^  M^  recount  -certain  fr^friflfens^whldh?  pusceded 
it,  and,  in  eflSft,  pre^re*  d»e  way  to  fci6  ftitnrt  gfaitttetrf^  ' 

It  Imth  been  already  mentfdhed*,  in  die  l^tety  of?  tlteldi^  Confujioi 
who  fdcceeded  Jagata^  in^  Great  BvHhdridi   iMt,  ^fter  thfc  »«Jagatay^ 
death  erf  KSzSrt  KhAn,  in  /47,  the  prinoe^''DF  l9ie  c*M«rd  af-  n^.  -.-i 
fbtiied  the  govd-rfitti^nt,  and  made  the  kMns  aft  pleafnre ;  feaiih    A.  D. 
tag  them  Btde^moj^e  than  th^bare  title,  while  themfeiv^  nfurped    1 346,    ^ 
all  the  authority.   .The  firft  of  thoie  princes  w^amfr  ATi^z^i- *.  '^  *    ' 
g'iw;  who,  in  tlie  adminiftradon  of  affairs,  acqWifted  hiihfelf 
-iHth  a  condnft  which  defcrves  fd^be  immortalized  in-hiftory^ 
'    ApIter  the  death  rf  Jb^did'Khdny  ^^hth  fucceflbr  of-Hu- 
i^d  m  Irin,  or  Perfia  at  large,  >dto  didd  in  I33*5vtheafiaiirs         *  *  '^ 
of  that  country  feQ  intp^confufion  for  want  of  a  fucceflbf  of. 
Jht  rate  of  Jenghtz  Kh&n  tofuCceed  iti  his  dcJffiinions,  T^Wch 
the  princes  and  govd^nors  divided  amdilg  themfelves;  and  a$ 
ih^  iurks,  Moguls^  and  Tatars  (D),  had  no  longer  the  fa\^ew  ^ 

*'  Hift.  Thni  Btek,  prcf.  edit.  p.  8.  *&  VArri^R*  Tranflat*  of 
i^ab^.-prelL  6Sciii       «  Page  145; 

(C)  Tiiey  haiye  been  tranf*  and  ()«dk  are  valnable,  fior  ths 

|9^  lAto  Frincb^   the  (M  by  confiderable  Hght  which-  th^ 

IWf.  ?^i/  La  Croix  the  fonj  the  give  into  the  geography  of  fc*      , 

iccood  by  Mt.  Vatier.  ;  and  Go--  yerAl  countries  of  4fi(i. 

lius  gave  an  edition  of  it  in  Ara-  '    (D)'  'f  hefe  names,  with  that     •       ' 

^/V.    The  hiftory  of  ^in.ur  Bek  of  Jdgatayi^  are  pronwfcyiouily 

li^s  been  tranlktcd  into  EngUJh ;  ufea  by  OUr  aVfthOT.     ' 

Mod.  Hist.  Vol.  V.  Q  xelga 

Digitized  by  V3^\.7  VI V^ 


Hijiory  of  the  Moguls  and  Tatan.        BLr  Vt 

reign  powcr'm  Khoraffin,  MMek  Hujfayn^  funuuned  Moaz^ir 
din,  (on  <rf  M^k  kayaz$"ddtn,  prinCc  erf"  Heritt  capital  of 
'  that  cotintry,  took  advaatage  of  the  conjnnAure  to  extend  hiis 
Malck      auijiority.     MaffH,  furnamed  Vtjedtn,  kii^crf  the  Serheddls, 
HdUyn.  ^^jj^^  ^  ^  ^^^  ^  JM/atd,  had  formed  a  finaU  kingdom 
at  Scbzwdr,  a  fhrong  city  towards  NiJbBbury  to  put  a  check  to 
.thiarival,  march^  from  that  fcM-trefs  in  743  (1342).     The 
armies  met  near  Zhv^,  between  both  pities  j  and  that  of  M&- 
'   lek  Hujayn  was  defeated.    But  this  prince,  rallying  300  horfe, 
feUon  the  SerbeddU  YfKiic  they  were  plundaing  4iis  camp, 
kiUed  their  general,  made  a  groat  flaughter«  a^d  took  all  their 
icamp,  the  youi^  king  cfcaping  by  fl^ht*.    On  this  viftory 
JUilek  Huffdyn  aHiimed  the  authority  of  a  king ;  and,  k|K>'mog 
.  that  KAzdn's  tyranny  had  thrown  ;74^^/^^  into  confuAon,  made 
tindirfions  as  far  .as  the  borders  qi  Andekud  ^xhA  Sheburgkn^ 
Oppofedly^^t  Bdlk,  in  Khorajfiin,     Mif  Kazagdn,  on  this  advice^  pafled 
lLzz2Lgk\x,^tht  Jihun,  <4  4^9  with  the  grand  kh^  and  princes  c^  the 
empire,  and  m^ched, towards  Perikt\  near  which  MAlek  Huf- 
fdyn,  with  40QO  horfe  and  1 5,000  foot,  expefted  him :  bat, 
after  aQ  obiHnate  batde,  his  troops  were  defeated,  and  he  fled 
5oy^  the  dty  only  with  his  guards.     Next  day  the  Jagatays 
be^cged  the  pl^e,  which  hdd  out  vigoroufly  for  forty  dap; 
at  ihc  etid  whereof,  Huffayn,  weary  of  the  leaguer,  with  the 
^ .     j:  [  *  cOfifent  of  his  lords,  propofed>  in  crfe  Mtr  Kazag4n  would 
-  —   ;o.    withdraw  hia  forces^  to  go  next  year,  and  aft  pardon  of  the 
•  .:v    -gra(id)chan  and;  him.     ^if^  KazagAn^who  was  of  a  fweet 
>.ad  merciful  teniper,  confe^ted  on  thofe  terms,  and  returned 
Hcj.  752.  to  Cre^t  fiufffytrMAn  752  ^ 
A.  D.    :.     M^AV  time  the  ccM?imanders  of  Mdlek  HtdfayrC^  army  fet 
1351.     tij^  this  brother  Mdlek  Baker :  but  he  was  reftored  next  year, 
^vbo  is      iy  the  bounty  of  Mir  KazagAn  \  who,  now  having  fent  his  fon 
A**-        .Mtza  Abdaliak\  to  conquer  Karazm  (which  he  cflfefted), 
after  pafliag  the  fpring,  as  ufual,  at  Kajfdnver,  went  to  fpend 
the  fummer  and  autumn  at  the  city  of  Muneky  for  the  convc- 
niency  of  hunting,    Oner  day,  parting  unarmed  from  54// Ai- 
/>iy  with  only  fifteen  perfons,  he  croffed  the  JihAn,  with  de- 
fign  to  hunt  }n  the  country  of  Arhenk  :  but,  while  he  was  in 
ihe  chaCe,  Kotluk  Timjlr,  his  fon-in-law,  in  revenge  for  an 
affront,  fell  on  him  with  a  company  of  robbers,  and  flew  this 
great  prince ;  but  fome  of  his  officers,  purfuing  the  aflafGn, 
overtook  and  killed  him  ;  then  carried  back  the  body  of  Mir 
Hej.  7cg.  *^^^^^«  toSaii  Saray,  in  759.     Upon  his  death,   all  the 
A .'  D.     F'i'^^s  paid  homage  to  his  fon  the  mirza  AbdoHlah,  who  imme- 
1357.'     diately  confirmed  Beyan  KM  in  the  dignity  of  khan.     After 

•  Hlft.  *rim.  Bek,  1.  L  €.'5. '  ^'Ibid.  p.  6 — 1 1  ^ 

which. 

Digitized  byCjOOQlC 


wluchy  contrary  to  the  advice  of  the  princes,  he  rdmbvfcd  to  A.  D. 
Samarkant  with  the  grand  khan,  whom  he  caufed  to  be  aflaf-  ti57- 
linated,  to  fecure  himfelf  of  the  cmprefs,  with  whom  he  had  " 
fellen  in  love ;  placing  on  the  throne  finiur  Shah  Agten^  (on 
of  B'ifun  (or  tafun)  timur  Kh&m 

TiMVR  Shdh  Khdn  did  not  long  enjoy  his  dignity :  for^  the  Timftr 
princes  offended  at  Ahdo'llah\  proceeding,  Bey  an  Selduz^  the  Sh&h 
chief  of  them^  raifed  an  army  at  Hiffdr^  or  Shaduman%  and,  KhaUi 
bdng  jcMned  at  Kejh  by  Haji  BerldSy  Ttmur  BeVs  uncle,  marched 
to  Samarkant:  where  Mdo*  I/ah  (E)  being  routed,  and  his  bro- 
thers taken,  they  Were  both  put  to  death,  together  with  the  khin 
of  his  makings     The  two  princes,  who  were  at  that  time  nk 
great  reputation  and  authority,  made  themfelves  mafters  of  the 
country,  and  took  on  them  the  government-     Beyan  Ssld&z 
was  of  a  good-natured  and  pleafant  difpofition  3  but,  as  he 
loved  wine  to  exceft,  and  feldom  parted  eight  days  Svithout  a 
debauch  of  that  kind,  it  bred  ^eat  confuiion  in  his  kingdom^ 
and  made  the  princes  fet  up  for  fovereignSj  fome  thrO'  ambi- 
tion, and  others  in  their  own  defence  ^^ 

Ti^E  city  of  Kajbf  or  Kejhy  with  its  dependencies,  remained  ifnpiri 
in  the  poffeiSon  of  the  princes  Tim&r  and  Haji  BerlASf  as  it  di^idedi 
Kad  done  from .  the  time  of  Karajhar  Noyan^  the  lieutenant  of 
Jagatay  Khhi,  The  country  of- Kojend  v/sis  in  the  h^nds  cf 
prince  Bayezid  Jalayf  '  Mir  Hvffayky  fon  oi  Mufellai  fon  of 
Mh"  Kazagdn,  made  himfelf  mafter  oi  Kabul ^  and  ieveral  other 
lor4ftups;  where  he  maintained  himfelf,  as  long  as  he  Was 
able,  in  the  dignity  of  his  grandfather  :  Oiaja  Boga  Seldus  be- 
came foverelgn  of  BMk  :  and  Mehemed  Koja.Aperdtj  prince  of 
the  Naymdm^  took  pofleffionof  Sheb^rgdn  :  the  kings  of  Ba* 
d^shdn  fortifiisd  themfelves  in  their  mountains ;  while  Kej^ 
KhofrA  and  Olaja  Itu  A^erdi  feized  Katldn  and  Arhenk :  laftly^ 
Kefir  Tefi^iy  prince  of  the  tribes  of  .J^r/^?/ and  Taiww,  aflumed 
the  title  of  king.  All  thefe  princes  were  continually  at  war  9 
and  fome  were  flain  in  battle^  particularly  Mehemed  Kqjd  Aper^ 
ili,  in  a  rafh  attack  upon  MAlek  Huffayrty  prince  oi  Herat. 

TOGLUKTimitrKh^ny  prince  of  7^^aA  (F),  fori  of  ^WTogldfi 
K^a  (G),  fon  of  Dava  (or  Doyji)  KMuy  to  whom  the  crox^n  Timiir 
of  this  country  belonged  j  taking  advantage  of  the  eonfufion  Kh^i 

.  t  HiH.Tim.  Belc,.p.  li— 15; 

^     (fe)  This  youtig  prince  fled  t6  ridy   with'  jiertaps  the  ilcigh- 

AnJeraby    a  city  of   the    little  bearing  parts  pf  Tartai^  on  ihft 

kingdom  of  Badaghdriy  wheref  north. 

he  ipcnt  his  days*  (G)  Or  >f/«W  Kojuy  the  fame 

(F)  He  was  king  of  Kdjhgary  with  Ifan  Buga,  eleventh  khaa 

«r#  naorc  properly.  Little  Bukhd-  of  Great  BukhsriA* 

O  %  iKrbictl 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


Hijhry  of  i9e  Mogufc  and  Tatars.        B.  VI. 

'which  at  this  time -reigned  there,  m  j,6i  invaded  h  with  a 
great  army,  by  way  of  TSjhkunt  and  Khojeiid\  the  prince  of 
'whidi,  Bayeztd  Jalayfy  judged  it  prudent  to  jorri  thena.  Haji 
j^rWjr,.  after  raifing  troops  at  Kajhznd  K&rjhi,  thought  fit 
to  retire  iota  Khoraffan.  Prince  Tim^r  Bek,  \vho  was  but 
twenty-five  years  old,  and  had  juft  loft  hrs  father  Tragay,, 
concluded  tfec  only  way  for  hkn  to  fave  his  patrimony,  and 
ierte^his  country,  was,  to  give  way  to  neceffity,  an<J  fubmit^ 
to  the  grand  Jdian.  This  fvibmiflion  was  fo  acctrptablc  to  Ta* 
fflui  7im£r*3'  commanders,  who  had  entered  Great  Bukharza^ 
'that  they  conferred  on  him  the  command  of  a  toman,  or 
'tp,obo  men,  which  had  belonged  to  his  great  ^nodkor  Karajhar- 
^oydn  ;  and  the  principalLty  of  K^^,  or  Ke/b,  with  its  depend- 
encies. Soon  after  this,  a  diffenfion  arifing  between  the  faid 
commanders^  they  marched  out  of  the  country,  to  attend  theij- 
tnafterJi. 
'  Ticn^r  Mean  time  Amfr  Hltjjayn,  mtiMiding'to  m^ke  war  on  Beydn 

ttfjfts         ^eldUz,  fent  to  defire  aid  of  rimiir  Bek,.  Ke/i&re  YefuH,  and 
Htiflayn    pny.ezid.    Thefe  princes  agreed  to  affift  him ;  and,  "^hile  the 
two  firft  went  to  join  him,  the  thifd  was  fent,  tp  excufe  this 
ft^p;  tt)  Toglui  TimAr  Khdn  r  but  finding,  when  he  came  to 
Kojendy  that  the  khan  was  returned  home,  he  proceeded  no 
ferther.     The  other  two  princes  having  jpined  Amir  Huffc^n, 
they  aH  marched  to  Hi^ar,  or  the  fortrefs  of  Shaduman ;  and 
Beyan  SeUuz,  not  being  in  a  condition  to  oppofe  them,  fled 
to  BddUgsh&riy  whither  th^  purfued  hinu     This  obliged  the 
Jdn^,  Shah  BaJiad'ddtn^  to  fly  aifo ;  by  which  means  the  whole 
country  fell  into  the  hands  of  Amfr  Huffayriy  who  afterwards 
put  to  death  Key  Kabad,   brother  of  Key  Kofrfi,   prince  of 
Katlan.     The  w^  being  thus  finiftied,  Timtir  Bek  and  Kefer 
TefUri  returnjedhjome;  but  were  not  there  long,  before  Amir 
Hujfayn  fent  again  to  defire  their  affiftance  ^inft  Toghik 
iSeldiZy  who  had  broken  the  peace  by  feveral  aifts  of  hoftility,. 
The  princfes:  hafted  to  his  aid  :  but  the  enemy  fled,  on  the 
»ews  of  their  approach^ 
agfjM,         I^IMUR  Bek,  being  on  his  way  back,  was  informed  that 
other  His  uncle  Majl  Berlds  was  on  his  return  to  Ka/h  ;  and  had 

pritues^  joluedMlrBayezid^  withdeflgn  to  attack  if^r  T^r/.  Here- 
upon he  joined  prince  /ifl^r  with  his  troops,,  and  marched  to- 
wards that  city  :  Haji  Berth,  on  this  advice,  marched  thither 
alfo^  The  t^o  armids  meeting,  a  bloody  battle  was  fought ;. 
m  which  Ti'wi^r  gained  the  vKlory,  and  obliged  his  uncle  to 
%  to  Bayeztd  at  Sdtnarkant.  The  two  princes  refolved  to 
fellow  him  thither  :  but,  in  the  way,  ?A1  the  troops  of  K<^^ 

^  Hift/Tim.  Bek,  p. '  1 5— 2».  c.  3  ^c  4. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQI(l 


C.i.  Stie  Reipi isf  Timur  Bck. 

by  what  motive  is  unknown,  abandoned  i^mHry  and -went  over 
to  jffaji  B^r/^.  This  defer  tion  caifed  a  jealoufy  in  Ke/er  Te*- 
Juri ;  which  he  making  known  both  by  his  words  and  beha- 
viour, TiMur  at  length  quitted  him,  and  returned  to  his  owa 
country ;  wher^  his  uncle  gave  him  a  kiad  receptien*,  an^, 
conduced  him  to  Mir  Bayeztd. 

These  refolving  to  renew  the  war  againft  Kefen;  '^^^*,JEfcdpam 
Tvho  longed  for  an-  occafioii  to  revenge  the  af&ont,  readily  plot. 
jjoined  with  them,  and  marched  at  tW  head  of  t!he  van^guard. 
He  met  the  enemy  beyond  the  mountain  of  Kajb\  and,  after 
aa  ohftinate  %ht,  oWiged  them  to  'fly.  This  viftory  fecured 
Bay£zid\ji  the  throne,  and  Jiuji  SerUs  in  pofleiEoh  of  his 
territories.  Yet  theie  two  priaces  had  a  confultation,  the  next 
day,  to  the  disadvantage  of  Tiimr :  who,  iilbovering  it  ia 
the  council,  jpretended  his  nofe  bled ;  and  went  out :  then,. 
TetHrning  home,  he  mounted  Ws  horfe,  and  retired  with  his  arma 
into  the  field;  by  which  means  he  avoided  the  fnare.  As  fooa 
as  his  uncle  heard  of  has  departure,  he  fent  to  defire  him  tQ 
jraife  the  troops  of  die  defart,  and  return  to  his  afliftance; 
againft  two  princes  who  threatened  them  with  war.  Timur 
did  as  he  was  intreated  ;  and  defeated  ylU  Gitrguri^o^^  T^jy 
tnedj  which  he  catered  ^ 

Mean  time  Togluk  TtTnAr  Khkriy  of  J^tah  (or  the  €eUs\  Toglut 
venewing  his  defign  of  conquering  Great  Bukhdria,  in  y6z  Timiw 
marched  on  that  fide  with  a  great  anny.     As  foon  as  he  ar-  Kh^n 
Tive4  at  Kojtad,  Mr  Bayezidy  prince  of  that  place,  paid  him     -A-  1^* 
fais  re^pefts :  BeyM  Selduz  went  to  meet  him  as  far  as  Sa-     ^3^^ 
TiuLrhant  \  and  Hajt  BerlaSy  at  this  time,  made  no  fcruple  to 
-wait  on  him.     But,  the  khan  having  feized  and  put  to  death; 
jyitr  Bayeztd^  Berlds,  for  fear  of  the  like  treatment,  fled  with 
a  few  troops,  and  ci'ofled  the  y/7j;?;2  (or  Am).     There,  being     .     ,7 
<?verttk€n  by  the  regiment  of  Kajhmr,  a  bloody  battle  was 
fought,  in  wliich  Shugu77t  Berks  was  killed  ;  yet  Haji  Berlas^ 
vith  his  brother  Idektl,  efcaped,  only  to  be  (lain  by  robbersat 
the  village  of  Kora/b  (dependent  on  Scbziunr)  j  which,  6n  the 
reduftion  of  Khorajjhi  foon  after,  Toghk  Vvmur  Khim  gave  to     ^   .  -  . 
Tlm&r  Beky  who  flew  the  murderers  of  his  uncle.    The  khan 
Uke\»4ie  coafirmed  him  in  the  foverdgnty  of  KaJJj\  and  of  a 
^laaa  which  defcended  to  him  by  the  death  of  Hdji  BerJas.' 

After,  this,  Togluk  Ttmur  Khan  marched  againft  ArtJir  iivf-.p^moits 
Jayriy  who  waited  for  him  af  the  river  Vdkcjh  :  but  Key'Ko/ru,  Timikr* 
priace  of  KatMn  .(whofe  brother.  Key  Kol^idy  Buffayn  had  pot 
to  death),  going  over  to  the  Getes^  that  prince  fled  ;  and  was 
purfued  aaofs  the  Jihun^  as  far  as  Kondoz,     The  khan,  after 


» 

Hift.Tim.Bek, 

P 

22 

03 

-28. 

c. 

5- 

this. 

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Hifiory  of  the  Moguls  and  Tatars.^       B.  Vi; 

this,  returning  to  Samarkant,  put  to  death  Bey  in  SelMz^  on 
fufpidon  of  harbouring  inclinatiohs  to  revolt*:  but  behaved 
^  pbligingly  to  thofe  whom  he  judged  to  he  fimrerdy  in  his  in- 
tereft ;  and,  having  brought  the  empire  of  f^gatay  Xo  fub- 
mit  to  his  authority,  gave  the  government  or  the  <;onquered 
countries  ^o  his  fon  Elias  Kcja  Aden.     Several  lords  and  great 
"    '         officers  were  ordered  to  attend  him,  undo:  the  command  of 
BUiJsk;  and  Titn^r  had  the  principal  adminiftration  of  afEura 
under  the  prince :  after  which,  Togluk  Timfir  JCban  returned 
to  his  capital  ^^ 
mA:ho Joins       WHEN  the  khan  was  gone,  prince  Timtir,  obferving  that 
l?\»ffap,  Bikijek's  proceedings^,  in  contempt  of  his  mailer's  authority, 
would  throw  things  into  confufion,  thought  fit  to  withdraw 
from  court,  and  repair  to  Amir  Hujayn,  in  the  defA-t  of  Ai- 
vak.     The  two  malecontent  princes  went  to  Teiily  the  go- 
vernor of  Kivai;  but,  he  ha\ing  a  defign  to  feize  them,  they 
left  him.     Te^il  purfued  them  with   looo  horfe:  but,  tho^ 
they  had  only  fixty  meo,  they  ipade  fo  brave  a  ftand,  that, 
when  they  had  but  feven  men  left,  the  enemy  were  reduced  to 
fifty  ;  who  ftill  continued  the  fight,  and  had  twice  flain  Hv/* 
fayn^  but  for  Tim(ir.    At  length,  the  firft  having  difmounted 
Tekel  with  an  arrqw-fhot,  the  latter  difpatchcd  him  with  a 
pike ;  whereupon  the  battle  ended.  After  this,  the  two  princes 
thinking  it  fafer  to  part,  Timir  crofled  the  defart,  with  his 
wfe  Turkhan  Aga^  ffujpiyn's  fiftcr,  and  came  to  JArfeyy  where 
he  was  furrounded  by  Turkmans ;  and  muft  have  fared  ill,  if 
he  had  not  been  known  by  one  of  them,  who  prevented  their 
attacking  him,  and  put  him  in  a  condition  to  join  his  brother- 
in-law  at  a  place  called  Mahm^di,  in  the  defart. 
faienfri".      Me  AN  time  All  Bey^  having  advice  of  their  arrival,  with 
finer  ;       fixty  horfe,  fyrprifed  and  carricjd  th^m  prifoners  to  Makhta 
(H) ;  where  he  detained  them  for  two  months,  notwdthftand- 
ing  the  remonftrances  of  his  brother  Mohammed^  from  This 
(or  Majhhdd) ;  he  alfo  feized  the  pxefents  which  Mohammed  fent 
rekafed     them,  and  difmiffed  them  with  one  lean  horfe,  and  an  old 
fg^n.       camel.     I(i  this  diflrefs.  Mobarek  Shdhy  prince  of  Sanjer^  went 
^  in  queft  of  them  with  feveral  fine  horles,  and  other  neceffa- 
ries  ;  which  enabled  them  to  purfue  their  defign  of  returning 
privately  into  Great  Bukhdrm.,    Timir,  being  known  at  Sa^ 
markant,  T^tkcd  to.  K^,  and  thence  to  J^ndakirK    Froiz| 

^  Hift.  Tim,  Bel^,  p.  l^-r-^i.  c.  6^  \  Ibid.  p.  ji — 37,1 

9ap.7,  .      •      - 

(H)  Or  Afa^tfjy,  achy  mKhoraf-     {7JrAio\i9LVtxt^'dvDXoAJuiMinm\ 
J^,  frpfl^  when9^  ^5  Qf^^^d"^  %r^    cm  the  i^ption  of  the  Mimgls. 

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C.U  ^e  Reign  of  Timtr  ^k.  s  %t$ 

hence,    at  the  requeft  of  the  prince  of  SiflSn  (or  Sgefl&h),  •  A.  D. 
they  marched  to  his  afliftance  with  looo  horfe.     In  thdr  re-    >3^*- 
torn  they  were  intercepted  by  fome  people  of  the  country  ;  in  ^*-*v*^ 
which  confBft,  Tim^lr  was  forely  wounded  in  the  hand  (I). 
At  length,  arri^ng  at  Jrjif^  near  Bakaldn^  they  were  there ' 
joined  by  feveral  princes,  and  bcklied  of  men.     Others,  hear- 
ing of  the  fuccefs  of  their  afFalrs,  broke  wth  the  Getes^  and  ' 
went  to  meet  them  in  the  country  of  B^k.    There  dicy  were 
oppofed  by  AMfdid^  fon  of  Tayf&^  MengheU  Buga  SekUz,  ' 
and  Hayder  AndeHdi^  three  princes,  their  enemies,  with  6006 
men.     The  batde,  whkh  lafted  from  morning  till  night,  was 
renewed  next  morning;    and,  altho'  the  troops  of  the  two 
princes  were  much  inrcrior  in  number,  yet,  by  7lmtir*s  valour, 
they  gained  the  viftory. 

Of  two  thoufand  horfe,  whidi  remained,  Ttm^r  took  one  g^fg^, 
moiety;  and,  pafling  the  Jihtin  at  Termed,  fent  fcouts  to Ae?-  Great 
luga,  or  tie  iron  gate.     But  thefe,  ftlling  afleep,  were  fur^^  Bukl^ria. 
pnfed  by  AJ^niy  brother  of  Bikfjek;   fo  that,  while  Ttmihr 
thought  himfelf  fecure,  both  the  fcouts  and  enemy  arrived  at 
his  camp.     The  foldiers,  not  having  time  to  dratvr  up  in    . 
order,  were  under  a  necfeffity  to  repafs  the  river;  which  they 
did  in  barks,  while  Timur  made  a  fiand  in  an  ifle,  to  favour 
their  defign.     The   two   parties  remained  in  fight  of  each 
other  for  thirty  days;  after  which,  Tjfw^r,  having  burnt  the 
barks,  went  to  join  Mtr  Hujfayn  at  Kulm,  on  the  borders  oF 
Balk.     From  thence  they  marched  towards  Badagsh&n  :  and, 
having  gathered  troops,  went  and  encamped  near  Ghulek.    Her© 
they  learned  that  a  new  army  ci  Getes  was  arrived  In  Great 
BukMria;  and  that  feveral  princes  were  encamped  between 
JJUa,  and  the  bridge  of  Sengkin,  with  20,006  troops,     Thia 
news  caufed  6000  men  to  defcrt  the  princes  :  yet  7m4r,  not 
difinayed,  marched  with  aooo  men  to  difpute  the  pafTage  of 
the  bridge". 

This  prince,  after  maintaining  the  fight  from  morning  till  Defiats 
m^t,  finding  Umfelf  n6t  ftrong  enough  to  execute  his  de-  /ArGcte«% 
Ugn,  had  recourfe  to  policy.  He  left  506  men  at  the  foot  of 
the  bridge;  and,  fwunming  over  the  JiMn  wkh  the  reft,  in 
the  night,  went  and  polled  himfelf  qn  the  Wife.  Next  morn- 
ing the  enemy,  percdving,  by  the  tracks  of  horifes,  that  troops 
had  pafTed  the  river,  abftained  from  fighting  that  day^    Wlwn '  • 

«  Hift.  Tim.-  Bck,  p.  37 — 44..  cap.  S.  / 

(I)  Thiswemnd  feemstohave  lame  6f  H  1^.  Thts  he  re- 
hflBedhim;  and  heoce  poflibly  v€0|ed.afterwaids  jO-^/^/y,  by 
cbe  Zuriifi  hiHorians  make  him    putting  to  aeafih  the  author  of  it. 

O  4  night 


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A,  D.    night  <aiac,  T/wr  orckred  his  laep  to  appco^'itlwm,  aad 

.   1 5^^-     light  fu3C$  Qji  tte  tops  cf  ^e  hills.    This  ftrvck  the  CeU^ 

\m^T*m^  with  fych  fea:>  imaginiog  themfelves  furroun^cd  with  a  jiu- 

merous  wmy;,  th?it  dxey  fled  ip  difpr;der ;  but  ^ot  towards  the 

bridge,  bec^ufe  they  believed  the  mea  pofted  ^cre  to  be  much 

more  tiumerotis  than  they  were.    Mean  toe  Tii^ur,  perceiving 

the  effeft  of  jbis  ftr^tag^,  qya?^i49W9  frw.fW.^^uatains^ 

aad,  beiog  jpifii^d  by  HuJ/kyn,  niade  a  great  ilaught^  of  th^ 

ei?emy.    Thi&d^e^t  ^ned  gteat  reputatio/a  to  Tifiiur,  wha 

r^p^yer^Jf^  by  another  ftrg^t^gem, 

'Jnofher        Abo^t  this  time  Eiiaf  Kya^s  who  was  cncanaped  at  Tifk 

overtbrotv  jifighly  four  leagues  fropi  Kajkj  rec^iv^d  advice  (^  the  iita^ 

Hej.  765.  of  h|s  father  Tqgluk  Timur  Khhi.     But  Tim4r,  whpfe  Xfooff^ 

^'P'    "^^^  much  increafed  fince  the  late  viftory,  propofed  to  pay 

'303'    .hiiw  a  vifit  before  his  departure,  tfeo'  his  army  was  greatly  ia^ 

•  feripr  to  that  of  the  enemy.    He  encouraged  tJi^ni  by  ckchM»** 

J    .        ing,  th^t,  in  hi§  fleep,  a  voice  fmd  to  him,  F^ar  notiiifg;fBr 

the  mofi  high  Cod  will  gracioiifty  giue  thee  the  vi&^ry*     V»tl| 

tlus  aipSirance,  they  marched  againft  the  GeUs  m  two  bodies  1 

JHuJfayn  conunandedthc  rjgh^  wij^,  afid  Tim&r  the  left.  Th© 

n^  cnaperor  likewife  divided  M?  army  into  two  t>odi^ ;  aodf^ 

pitting  hknf^lf  at  the  head  <4  Jb«  left  wing,  gave  the.  oondu^ 

fuJttbgreai  of  tlaie  right  to  Mir,  Tokaffi^uf  and  prioioe  ^kyek^     Thp  twa 

faagher.  zTsmoi  being  at  length  engag^,  TimUr  hrqkc  thro*  ^e  en^ay 

V{ith  fuch  fury,  that  he  threw  the  right  wing  intpdifiwrder,  ,aadl 

dipve  the  fir  A  rank  upon  the  (econd.     H;aving  put  &engk  tq. 

j^ght  with  great  flaughter,  he  advanced  to  attack  Biktjek  v^ 

Thk4?in^ur  in  the  rear,  whom  Hiijfayn  had  engaged  ip  &pQ| ; 

£9  that,  gotwithftanding  the  number  of  their  troops^  aad  bra^ 

v^y  of  their  generals,  they  were  compelled  tp  foJlj^w  thw 

cqmpaiiions,  ^I'okatmur^  wi^h  other  generals,  wfwe  Hltolit 

aiid  Biktjeky  with  EUas  Keja  Kim  himfelf,  befides  other  gre^. 

commanders,  taken  :  but  thefe  two  being  known  by  fom^  g^ 

^^  ,  .Trier's  Ibldiers,  they  generoufly  gave  theipoL  their  hcirfes,  ^d 

Jet  thenj  efcape.     Ttni^  purfued  the  ^eqiy  to  the  river  Tam^ 

where  he  m^ade  a  great  flaught^^ ;  then  cvp(&ng  th^  Sihm  (or 

iS^/^),  at  Kyendy  ]fi  PHrfuit  pf  th^'  khan>  ^^pe4  ^  ^4^ 

ItutU.   .  -  -  >  '     . 

JVra;  Ihm  ;  "T^^:  ^^  prince^,  ©hfer^'ing  tlm.t  the  r^,  who  Had  jomed 

ik^cd.      th^m^gaioft  th^  OfUf^  p^id  "t;li^  np  gr^%t  d^r^Rfie*  a»<l 

aimed  at  \jeing  independent,  found  the  only  way  to  prevent 

things  running  into,  cpijfiiiipn^^w^,  tp  eicQ;  at,  grand  khan; 

and,  having  reprefented  this  in  a  general  aflembly,  propofed 

Kafiul?h4k  ^gl^\  lyho  WftS  5K:Q0wiingly  chofai  zt  Skn^r- 

lu^.   .  Thca,  caufing  iiim  to  afcend  the^  throac^  they  prcfented 

-      -- '   -      •  '''    •       '       '  few 


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him  with  the  royal  c^,  after  the  diftQin  of  tb^  7«/:*^  }^5?$.  -^^^ 
aijd  bowed  mne  tim^s  before  ki^  °*  -I3r+i 

After  the  ekftioa  of  Kabtil  Khi^n^  Tim 
feaft ;  which  being  av«r,  he  prop^fed  to  4cU\ 
Anir  HanUdj  lieutenant-general  of  the  CeU 
had  been  his  friend,  ^nd  prince  Efk^id^r  his  <; 
fiyn  confcnted,  altho*  the  latter  wa^  his  enem; 
who  a/fifted  at  th^  ^ffeml^ly,  were  returned  h" 
two  amirs  to  rdeafe  the  priloners :  but  their  k< 
amirs  at  a  diftance,  and  imagU^og  they  cam< 
to  death,  to  fave  them  the  ti:9ubTe,  knocked 
cnt  off  his  head.  This  miilake  proved  fata 
der:  for,*  when  Amir  Huffayn  heard  of  it,  he  toit  tp  demand- 
that  prince ;  who  was  fent  to  him,  and  put  to  death. 

Things  feemed  now  to  be  in  a  fettled  condition  ;  when,  iST^^w  /«• 
the  beginning  of  next  fpring,  news  was  brought  that  ^fvafion 
Getes  were  marching  towards  GtRat  Bukharia.     The.  princes, 
having  pafled  the  SMn  at  Kojend^  iQet  the  enemy  at  Ezam^ 
between  T^Jhkunt  and  Chinaz  :  the  amir  Hujfayn  commanded 
the  right  wing,  and  Ttmur  the  left.     The  CeUs  wsere  led  by 
the  emperor  Elias  Koja  himfelf  j  and,  tho'  they  were  by  far  in- 
ferior ia  number  to  the  troops  of  the  princes,  yet  they  overcame 
them  by  help  of  the  ftone  Jf^di  (K),  which,  ftecped  in  water      >     .    . 
at  a  certain  hour,  has  power  to  produce  tempefts,  rain,  and 
thooder.     However  that  be,  fucha ftorn>  and  deluge  fell,. that 
the  earth  fhook  like  a  fe^ ;  and  this  excefllve  moifture  bred  the 
(ftfria,  a  cruel  dillemper,  which  renders  the  limbs  paralytic, 
and  4ries  up  the  body  to  fkin  and  bones. 

FoBL  all  Als>  when  the  rain  was  over,  the  princes  attacked  ^f  th 
th?  caemy  couragieoufly :  but  the  CeUs,  who  had  covered  Gctcs. 
tbem^^es  and  horfes  with  fdts,  brought  for  the  purpofe,  re* 
cevred  them  with  fuch  vigour,  that  their  forces  were  obliged 
to  fly,      Timur  at  length  rallied  them,  and  a  terrible  carnage 
^i/ked  :  every  man  muft  have  been  (lain,  had  not  Shem  Ktm 
NoyJtn  (brother  of  Amir  Hamid  before-mentioned,  who  com- 
B^yiA»fl  the  enemy's  right  wing),  been  flain  by  prince  Taku  B^r-> 
ds,  SLB  he  was  rifiug  to  flrike  Timur  with  his  fabre.     As  fbon 
IS  £/uu  Koja  Kh&n  heard  that  his  general  was  killed,  he  re^ 
re»ed  with  hi^  troops^  who  were  purfued  by  Tijn£r.     Meaiij    . 
ime  tfae  left  wing  of  tb^  G^Us  prefled  on  the  right  wiag,  even' 
g  tb42  guards  of  An>ir  fiujp^yn%.    The  %ht  was  bloody,  and, 

^  Hift.  Tifl;uBek>  p.  44^53.  cap.  9,  ijo,  1  p, 

(It)   ^^t  have  already  takca  notice  of  this  fuperiilition  amdiig 
1^  fi^MngU  and  Tataru 

the 


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Hifiory  of  the  Moguls  and  TzXml       B.  VI.' 

the  enemy  triumphing,  \<^hcn  Tim^r  advanced,  and  put  Shm^ 
fi'ddin^  one  of  the  generals,  to  flighty  This  gave  ku/aynzn 
^  opportunity  to  rally  his  troops ;  and  he  might  have  obtained 
the  viftcMry,  had  he  followed  Timor's  advice  to  advance :  but, 
whether  thro'  envy  or  prefumption,  he  twice  abufed  the  mef- 
fengers  fent,  for  that  purpofe,  by  Tttn^r ;  who,  feeing  fo  far 
an  opportunity  loft,  thro*  Huffayn*s  caprice,  gave  over  the  at- 
tack, and  refolved  to  be  revenged.  When  the  other  was  re- 
'covered  from  his  ill  humour,  he  fent  feveral  meflages  to  Tfwar, 
to  intreat  him  16  come  and  fee  him :  but  this  prince,  weary  rf 
his  manner  of  afting,  refufed  to  go. 
Tim&r  Next  morning  the  batde  was  renewed,  and,   the  Getes' 

defiuutd.    being  foon  put  to  flight,  Ttm^r  purfued  them.    In  the  way, 
his  men  perceiving  the  ftandard  of  prince  Shamfo^ddtn^  who 
was  feparated  from  the  reft,  with  a  great  number  of  troops, 
they  gave  over  the  purfuit,   and  turned  towards  the  white 
ftandard:  the  enemy  likewife,  percdving  them,  rallied,  and 
returned  to  the  charge.     The  fight  was  bloody ;  and  at  length 
Ttmur*^  forces  were  defeated  :  a  great  number  periflied  in  the 
floughs  and  marflies  ;  many  more  were  killed  in  the  purfuit*, 
more  than  10,000  were  flain  in  the  whole.  This  fanious  batde, 
called  that  of  Lay^  or  Thejloughy  was  fought  in  RamaMn^  in 
Hq.  766.  77^'    After  this  great  defeat,  Hujfayn,  and  the  other  princes, 
A.  D.    ctofled  the  Jiht^riy  and  returned  to  Sheberto :  but  TimAr  fbdd 
1364.     in  the  country,  with  a  refolution  to  oppofc  the  Gefes.  How* 
ever,  finding  his  endeavours  vain,  he  in  fome  time  repaired  to 
BMky  where  he  took  no  fmall  pains  to  augment  his  forces  <>. 
Samar-         Mean  while  the  Getes  laid  fiege  to  Samarkanty  at  that -time 
kant'^r-    without  a  citadel.     The  inhabitants  defended  themfelves  a  long 
Jtegnt.        time  very  bravely  :  but,  provifions  at  length  beginning  to  fail,' 
they  muft  have  furrendered,  had  not  the  lofs  of  three-fourths 
of  the  enemy's  horfes,  by  a  mortality,  obliged  them  to  retire. 
The  principal  men  of  the  city  hereupon  afliimed  a  fuperkxity 
over  the  reft,  and  caufed  great  diforders  in  the  place.    On ' 
this  advice,  Timiir  and  Hujfayn,  having  renewed  their  firteod^ 
ftirp  more  ftrongly  than  before,  agreed  to  be  at  Samarkant  the 
beginning  of  fpfing ;  where  they  put  to  death  all  the  SerhdMs 
who  had  ufurped  the  authority,  excepting  Muldna  ZMe  (L), 
HoflaynV  whom  Trm&r  faved  thro'  a  motive  of  piety.     It  was  now  that 
mvarUe.    HuJJayriy  feeing  all  obftacles  removed,  discovered  his  infatiable 
avarice,  and  meannefe  of  fpirit.    Altho'  Timir  had  as  much, 

«  Hift.  Tim.  Bck,  p.  53-^63.  cap.  ii,  12. 

(L)  They  were  alU  or  mo&  of  thexn>  ccdcfiaAicSy  and  tlus  Mr- 
Una  the  chief  of  them. 

or 

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C.  i;  The  Riign  of  Timftr  Bek, 

or  a  greater,  fliare  m  the  war,  he  even  taxed  his  domeftics.  He 
cxafted  v^  fums  of  the  princes  who  had  loft  all  in  the  wars ; 
and,  altho*  Ke  faw  his  lifter's  jewels  among  the  cafti  which 
Ttm&r  lent  diem  to  make  up  the  demand,  he  did  not  hefitate 
to  receive  them.  Indeed,  when  Titnur  gavp  his  horfes,  to  fatisfy 
fpr  300  dinars  (or  gold  ducats)  which,  remained  unpaid,  he 
would  not  take  them ;  but  'waited  till  Timur  difcharged  that, 
debt  another  way. 

The  lords,  highly  incenfed  at  this  conduft  oi  Hiiffkyn^Omfidera* 
refolved  to  break  off  the  union  between  him  and  Tim4r:  xocy  i^mnfi 
whom,  after  humbling  the  other,  they  propofed  to  pve  thc^'*'* 
abfolute  power ;  as  he  was  of  a  fweet  temper,  generous  foul, 
and,  in  fliort,  poflefled  of  every  virtue  neceflary  to  form  a 
great  prince.     To  bring  this  about,  they  wrote  Hvffaynvfoxii^ 
that  Timilr,  offended  with  the  grand  khan  and  him,  was  railing,     . 
forces  to  attack  him.     Hvffayn^  on  this,  fent  to  delire  Tim&r 
would  come  to  Samarkant,  to  confront  his  accufers.     Tim&r. 
hmnediately  went  thither,  and  his  accufers  fled  to  Kojendz 
tut,  finding  Hujfayn  ftill  harboured  his  fufpicion,  and  know-" 
ing  his  temper,  one  day  opened  his  heart  to  the  princes,  de- 
claring his  intention  to  remedy  the  evil.     Shtr  Bahrdm,  and 
Bahrdm  Jalayr^  on  this,  took  off  the  mafk ;  declaring  their 
hatred,  and  defign  of  all  the  princes  to  break  with  Hujfayn  :. 
hereupon  they  entered  into  a  treaty  with  Timur  to  make  war 
on  him,  and  then  retired.     Shtr  Bahrdm,  having  raifed  troops. 
at  Katkn,  began  hoftilities  againft  Hujfayn :  but  this  politic 
prince,  by  his  artifice,  gained  him  over  to  his  intereft.     For 
aU  this,  Timdr  purfued  his  enterprife ;  and,  having  at  length, 
railed  an  army,  conlifting  of  the  moft  valiant  men  of  the  em- 
{ure,  in  autumn  ^6^  detached  prince  Seyfo^ddin^  with  the  van-  Hcj.  767, 
gnard,  againft  Hujfayn;  who,  on  this,  lent  a  treaty,  drawn.   A.  b. 
MP  in  the  moft  inticing  manner,  to  foften  Ttmur:  hut  this     iJ^S* 
prince  would  pay  no  regard  to  his  overtures.  .  However,  as 
the  governor  he  had  left  at  Samarkant  (M),  and  fome  other 
princes,  had  befdre  gone  over  to  Hujfayn  i  fp,  on  this  occa-* 
fion,  the  tribe  of  T^t^ri  deferted  him  p. 

Mean  time  Hujfayn  ftt  forward  with  a  great  army:  hvit^  His  trea^ 
aiining  IHll  to  over-reach  his  rival,  fent  another  letter  to  him,  cbtrj. 
ivith  the  korin  ;  and,  declaring  th^t,  by  virtue  of  that  book,. 
Jxis  intentions  were  fincere,  prQpofe4  ^  conference  at  Shcki'^ ,  4 

?  Hift.  Tipi,  Bck,  p.  63—73.  cap,  13,  114, 

(M)  About  the  fame  time  alfo    {oft  the  cement  of  anion  with 
^fcJk\M>9idt^0Uijai:urkhdnAga^    ^imir^ 
^et^  of  Hufaj^n  j  Wb<^  tl^«by 


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G6^|le 


Hipry  of  tbi  Mogpls  ani  Tatars.     ^  B.,VK 

cheky  t2iQh.  to  be  accompanied  with  namorc  than  loo  men, 
Tm^r^  convinced  of  th6  deceit,  was  not  for  going :  but,  to 
'  gratify  the  princes,  who  chofe.  peace,  if  it  could  be  had,  w^^ 
He  took  300  men ;  and,  leaving  aod-  at  fomc  diftancc,  ad- 
vanced with  the  reft  to  the  place  of  interview.  Hi^ayn^  after 
putting  Shir  Bahrdm  to  death,  detached  3000  men  to  fur- 
prife  Ttmur  at  Dehno ;  of  which  a  peafant^  who  had  been  \ 
domefBc  of  this  prince,  fled  from  the  enemy  to  ^ve  him  no- 
tice. But  the  officer,  who  flood  centinel  at  the  palace,  not 
giving  credit  to  what  the  man  faid,  fent  him  away,*  without 
mentioning  the  matter  to  Timtir :  fo  that,  when  this  prince  waa 
near  the  place  of  rendezvous,  he  was  alarmed  with  the  ap- 
pearance of  thofe  forces  ;  whofe  march  he  flopped  in  a  narrow 
paf&gc,  and  then  made  his  retreat  fighting. 
Timftr  The  army,  to  whom  news  was  brought  of  Mujayn's  trea- 

futfrifes  dicry,  concluding  aU  was  loft,  difperfed  themfelves ;  and  7i- 
Haxiid^  m^ry  with  the  other  princes,  retired  to  MaiMru  in  Kbon^in^, 
where  he  kept  a  faray  of  women.  There  he  rfoppeci  all  die 
karawans  5  and,  when  he  gave  them  leave  to  depart,  took  th^ 
road  to  Her^  in  their  fight,  as  if  he  defigned  to  go  to  that 
city.  This  the  merchants  reportir^  when  they  arrived  at 
Kdrjbiy  Amir  M^ijfa  left  the  fortrefe,  intending,  with  7000 
men,  to  vifit  i7z<«nf  .•  but  "T/wiir,  when  the  karawans  were 
at  fome  diftance,  returned  to  bis  old  ftation ;  and,  having  ilaid 
while  the  merchants  might  be  going  to  K&pjtiy  fet  out  for  die 
ftme  place,  altho'  he  had  but  200  men,  and  there  were  1 2,000 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  th.at  city,  which  makesv  the  aftion  fo 
much  more  remarkable.  Being  arrived  near  K&rjbi^  with  ie- 
veral  lords  who  accompanied  him,  he  went  with  only  two 
more ;  and,  walking  round  the  walls  with  great  precaudon,  at 
,  length  perceived  a  proper  place  for  fcaling.  On  this,  Timut 
returned ;  and,  fending  r  00  men  with  ladders,  to  mount  the 
wall,  went,  with  an  hundred  more,  to  wait  for  the  opening- of 
the  gate  in  the  morning  :  but  the  fcalers,  having  fucceeded  in 
their  defign,  came  and  opened  it  for  him,  after  flaying  the 
drunken  guards  in  the  arms  of  their  miflreflcs,  Timur  made 
himfelf  mafler  of  the  city,  while  the  troops  feized  the  caAle, 
where  they  took  Mehemed  Bey^  fon  of  the  amir  Muffa. 
"Defeats  This  lord,  being  very  young,  was  fuffered  to  eicape,  tiut 
Amir  the  news  might  caufe  his  father's  troops  to  difperfe.  Inflead 
IrtiiiTa*  of  this,  he  and  MUek  Behddry  next  day,  invefted  the  dty 
with  1 2,000  horfe  :  but  they  were  fa  harafled  and  beaten  by 
the  Tallies  of  only  ico  men,  that  at  length  Mujfa  fled  with  his 
ypQo  horfe  \-  and  left  M^kk,  who  ftiU  ftopd  lua  grownd,  vith 
5000  koronas  (N) :  yet,  as  iboi)  as  he  perceived  Jitrfr  ad* 

^N}  Koronas  ^ff)  a  militU. 

vanciiia 

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vancing  with  his  horfe,  he  fl^d  Hkewife  ;  and,  being  purfued, 

his  men  difperfed.     In  the  pnrfuit,  Timilr,  per 

of  Amir  Mi^ffii^  who  fled  whh  Mdtek  BahMr,  < 

qnit  her,'    M/ilek,  to  fave  his  life,  which,  on 

was  proitrlfed  him,  abandoned  the  lady,  and  fl< 

all  this,  the  lady  continued  her  flight  full  ] 

Ximtir  alone  purfued,  a  fervant  offered  to  flioot. 

The  prince,  who  had  neither  buckler  nor  arro 

for  a  better  archer  than  he  was,  flopped,  til 

joined  Mm  ;  and,  covering  his  head  widi  hiib 

the  pnrftiit.     On  this,  the  valet  let  fly  at  him 

lib  aim,  he  fled  as  fafl:  as  the  reft,  fo  that  Dt 

not  able  to  come  up  with  them.    AzS  Mulk^  tl 

gone  with  child,  was  fbon  after  delivered  of  a  ] 

T&mhi  Aga.^  who  was  afterwards  married  to  Timur  "• 

This  prince  wintered  at  K&rjhl:  where  he  gave  the  govern:  Rettres  i6 
ment  of  Am&ya  to  Nikepeyfia^  and  that  of  BokhAra  to  Mii-  Makhka. 
nUchd';  whofefon-in-faw,  MT^iri,  came  and  fubmitted  with 
his  trfbe,  after  often  refiiCng  to  obey  Tl^^wr's  funimons.  Amilr 
Miiffayn  was  aftoniftied  at  the  rcdtal  of  what  had  pafled :  yet; 
having  railed  an  army,  he  fet  out  from  Sdli  Saray  ;  and -feat 
Amh"  MuJ/a  before  with  io,ooo  koronas,'  who  encamped  a^t 
SbekediiUk.    Thi^r  at  firft  intended  to  attack  them  in  the 
night ;  but,  having  only  200  men,  he  thotght  fit,  after  ap- 
pearing in  fight  of  the  enemy,  to  retiJte  to  Bokhara ;  and  from 
thence  to  Makhan,  by  way  oiMer^.  '  Mean  time  Hujfayn  came 
and  befieged  Bokh&raj  where  Man&cha  and  Alt  Tefhri  made  4 
brave  defence :  but  their  foldicrs,  having  fufFefed  by  venturing 
too  far  in  a  fally,  could  not  be  brought  to  fight  afterwards! 
This  obliged  them  to  fly  by  night  to  Makhdn^  and  leave  the 
city  to  the  enemy.     Soon  after,  Tim^r  fet  out  with  600  mea 
to  reduce  Nikepeyjbd,  governor  of  Jmuya  ;  which  having  don^ 
h^  ivcnt  and  defeated  the  army  of  the  koronas',  encamped  near 
Bokh^a;  then  returned  to  Makhdn. 

TJMUR,  unable  long  to  be  idle,  crofled  the  JiMn  again  Jfterrpts 
with  600  men,  and  fat  down  before  KarJIn :  but,  bearing  Karihi. 
500  koronas  were  at  Kuziynonddky  he  marched  to  attack  them, 
not  knowing  that  they  had  been  joined  by  feveral  other  troops^ 
However,  after  a  bloody  fight,  he  drove  them  back  as  far  as 
their  main  army,  which  he  advanced  to  reconnoitre  :  and,  oh 
their  approach,  rufhing  forward  like  a  lion ,  in  lefs  than  an 
hour,  mtirely  routed  this  vafl:  multitude.  In  the  purfuit  'to 
Sheked^'iky  they  took  the  principal  officers  "prifoners,  wjth  a 
great  booty.    Tm6r  refotved  not  to  give  the  enemy  time  to 


^  Hift.  Tim/Bck,  p.  73— —35.  cap  15;  1-  fcq. 

<-  recover 


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Ogle 


tiifiorj  of  the  Moguls  and  Tatars.        B.  VI, 

recover  thdr  lofs,  but  march  againft  amfr  Hujfayn :  howe?ery  the 
princes  refufing  to  affift  in  that  enterprifc,  he  returned  to  Sa^^ 
'  tnariant.  At  his  approach,  the  governor  UJBdra  BahMr  (allied 
out  with  the  Amir  Mujfa's  troops,  but  was  routed,  and  hardly 
efcaped  5  yet  he  made  another  fally,  with  1 500  raw  fbldiers, 
who  fled  at  the  cry  of  Timir's  men.  While  this  prince  di- 
verted himfelf  in  the  delicious  valley  of  Sogd^  news  arrived, 
that  a  great  body  of  koronas  was  encamped  on  the  Titm,  and 
Amir  Hujfayn  with  a  numerous  army  at  K&rjhi. 
Crojfit  the  On  this  advice,  Timiir  thought  proper  to  defer  his  revenge  j 
^-  and,  difl)anding  his  other  forces,  with  his  firft  600  men  redred 

,  towards  Kyend,  where  he  crofled  the  SiMn.     Underflanding 

here,  that  Key  Kofru  and  BahrAm  Jalayr  were  at  Tajbkunt^ 
with  7000  CeteSy  juft  brought  from  Jet&hy  he  turned  that 
way ;  in  hopes  Bahrkuy  who  had  by  his  means  recovered  his 
patrimony,  and  had  fworn  to  join  hun  againft  Hvffayn^  would 
affift  him,  when  now  in  his  power :  but  not  finding  the  fricnd- 
fliip  he  had  reafon  to  expeft, .  he  reproached  the  amir  with  his 
ingratitude.     On  the  contrary.  Key  Kofriy  who  was  fon-in- 
law  to  Togluk  Timiir^  khin  of  JetAh^  entertained  Tim^r  mag- 
nificently, at  his  palace,  for  a  month  ;  promifed  to  join  him 
againft  every  body,  and  to  give  Rakia  Kh^n^  his  daughter  by 
another  wife,  to  the  Mirza  Jehdn  Ghtry  Tim^r^s  ddeft  fon  r. 
De/i^ts         Mean  time,  ^mlr  Huffhyn  having  entered  Seb'z,  with  a 
$b$  iMi/^.  gr^at  army  of  koroftas,   font  before  29,000  men,  under  the 
command  of  Amir  Mi^,  and  his  moft  confiderable  generals ; 
who,  through  fear  of  TTmur's  valour,  detached  three  great 
fquadrons,  by  different  roads,  to  intercept  that  prince's  paf- 
fege.     Tm£r,  accompanied  by  Key  Ko/r4,  and  2000  GeUs^ 
on  this  advice,  crofTed  the  SMn  (or  Sir)  ^t  Kqjendi  and,  with 
1 500  men,  in  the  night,  attacked  Jehdn  Shah,  who  had  with 
him  the  fame  number,  and  difi)erfed  them.  '  Next  day,  he  de- 
feated Kherman,  with  his  1 000  foldiers,  at  Dizdk :  then,  with 
200  horfe  only,  departed,  to  attack  Mdlek  Bahddr,  who  had 
with  him  3000.     When  the  enemy  faw  the  thirty  men  fo  well 
equipped,  who  were  fent  before,  advancing  with  great  bdd- 
nefs,  they  were  furprifed ;  and,  taking  them  for  the  van-guard 
of  the  Mungis,  that  is,  the  Getes,  began  to  fly.     Tlmur  pur- 
fued;  while  the  fugitives  approaching  the  main  bodyundei' 
M^Jfa,  caufed  them  to  fly  full  fpecd  alfo,  to  rejoin  Huffayn.^ 
teace  When  this  prince  faw  them,  he  was  wroth;  and,  departing 

^ith        with  the  khan,  fent  10,000  choice  men  as  fcouts,  to  attack 
Huffayn.  the  two  princes ;  who  marched  to  Barfin  with  1 500,  and 
there  caufed  the  trumpets  to  be  founded ;  the  noift  of  wluch 

?  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  p.  8$— 100,  c.  3Kvi— xx. 

3  ^ 


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C.  i;  TbeRiigno/TimtrBek. 

fo  frighted  the  enenqr,  that  they  fled  back  to  Huffayn.  After 
wl^cji.  Key  Kofrd  went  to  wmter  at  Otr^r^  and  Ttm&r  at  T&(th 
hint.  In  fpring,  the  meflengers,  whom  TimUr  had  fent  to  ^ 
jfctahf  returned ;  and  brought  word,  that  a  numerous  army  was 
coming  from  thence  to  his  aiSilance.  As  this  news  foon  reached 
Huffayn^  he  refolved  to  make  peace  with  7tm4r;  and,  the 
better  to  fucceed,  applied  to  the  doftors  of  Kqjend  and  T^/b- 
Aunt,  to  difpofe  him  to  it.  The  moUahs  undertook  the  tafk ; 
and  urged  the  danger  which  the  ftate  was  in  of  being  ruined 
by  war,  and  the  Mu/hndns  being  plundered,  as  well  as 
Slaughtered,  by  idolatecs  (O).  Thefe  remonftrances,  with  a 
dream  which  followed,  determined  Tim^r  to  refolve  on  peace, 
and  to  go  himfelf  to  Jfuffayn,  as  the  moft  effcftual  way,  to 
agree  on  articles.  He  was  met  near  S4li-/aray  by  the  amirs  , 
J^^Ja  and  Olajia  My  on  the  part  of  Huffayn^  to  afk  pardon 
for  all  that  had  pa(fed.  When  the  peace  was  fettled,  the 
princes  di(handed  their  armies ;  and  having  regaled  themfelves 
with  diverlions,  77w^r  returned  to  i&i/&,  to  enjoy  the  fweets  of 
this  delightful  kingdom. 

Not  long  after,  while  Am!r  Hufjayn  and  the  khin  were  fwho  /»• 
gone  to  reduce  the  kings  of  Baddgshan^  who  had  revolted,  pairs 
MMek  Huffayn,  prince  oiHerdtj  fent  forces  to  ravage  the  pro-  B^Uu 
yinces  about  Balk,  which  were  fubjeft  to  the  amir.  On  this  news, 
Thnir  fet  forward,  to  repulfe  the  enemy,  who^did  not  wait  fol- 
him.     After  which,  he  went  in  queft  of  the  khan  and  amfr* 
who,  meeting  him  at  Kondoz,  renewed  their  friendfliip.    They 
ihen  marked  to  rcdmct  Pulad.Buga  and  Jk  Buga,  who  had 
revolted  at  K^ul;  which,  after  fome  lofs,  they  efFefted.     In 
their  return  from  this  expedition,  Hujfayn  afked  Ttmur\  advice 
in  relation  to^  defign  he  had  to  refide  at  Bdlk.    Ttmir  en- 
deavoured to  diffuade  him>  by  the  example  of  his  uncle  Mirza 
j^ido'l/ah;  who,  contrary  to  the  advice  of  his  lords,  would  re- 
move.his  feat  to  Samarkant  \  Although  Hujfayn  could  not  but 
approve  of  Tim4r*s  counfel,  yet  he  did  not  fbUow  it :  but  pre- 
Taiicd  on  him  to  go  to  that  city ;  where,  as  foon  as  he  arrived, 
he  began  to  rebuild  the  fortrefs  of  Hendw&n.     This  was  in    A.  Di 
769'.  1367. 

Mean  time,  advice  arri^ng,  that  an  army  of  CeUs  were  WattUi 
on  the  march  towards  Great  Bukhdria,  the  two  princes  fet  for-  the  G^si. 
ward  to  repulfe  them :  but,  while  the  enemy  wintered  at  T'^/J- 
kunt,  difcord  arofe  among  the  lords  of  Jetah.    Kamro'ddtn,  of 

•  Sec  before,  p.  2x1.  «  Hift  Tim.  Bek,  p.  too— iio» 

c  xxi — ^xxiii. 

(O)  The  Getes,  or  MungU^  of    tary  eaftward,  were,  for  thej  c* 
X^fig^t  and  ihc  part3  of  Tar-    ncral,  idolaters. 


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WJiory  tfAt  Moguh  ^td'XtXzn.        R  V^J 

tke  trib6  oiV^lat^  KepekTirfiit,  itnd  S^rawt^  }6iflcd'^Aft 
ffaji  Jrkermt,  whorcfolved  to  gtvt  them'  Battle,  l^heh  tllcy 
'  were  ready  id  engage,  a  peace  w^  chpped  up ;  and  Jrkeni^t 
returned  home.  But  the  other  two,  inftead  rffoUewing  him, 
retreated  with  their  troops;  and  ShiruwNion  cut  ^S  Arke*^ 
nufi  head :  which  putting  the  Getr  army  into  fifo#(fer,  obliged 
them  to  retreat.  Tm^r  Was  for  ptjrfuing  chcm  in  ttia  coo- 
fufion :  but,  as  th6  king  of  Baddgshdn  had  renewed  hH  imrp^ 
tioiis  Into  tfuffayn'^  dominions,  this  prirtee  prcvaSfedwifli  hkh 
to  march  on  that  fide..  Oi»  hrs  approach  die  enemy  fled :  yet  at 
length  they  fought,  and  Were  roirted;  Shejkh  AR,  the  &n^ 
being  made  a  prifoner. 
In  gnat  HowfiVER,  part  of  thofewho  fled  having  dxitdt^tA  JehSn 
danger,  *  Mulk^  Am!r  Hiijj^ayn's  fort,  who  purfued  them,  and  fafegn 
630  horfes  ;  Tim^r,  enraged,  afccnded  the  mom^an  :  but  as 
his  foldiers,  being  fearful,  would  not  follow  him,  he,  wMl 
only  thirteen  horfe,  feized  a  narrow  pafe,  where  he  fdl  oi 
furioufly,  and  defeated  the  enemy ;  although  he  confeflfed  th6 
was  the  rougheft  battle  he  had  ever  been  e!^g^  iiu  Mdm 
time,  fifty  of  their  fbot,  covered  with  their  buiikle^,  boldly 
marched  up,  and  let  fly  a  fhower  of  arrows  at  TtmA^ ':  at  thi 
fame  time,  200  more  advanced,  to  fccond  th^m.  But  die 
|)rince  efcaped  this  danger,  by  the  addrefs  of  Elchi  B^ga;  wft6 
ruuoing  up  to  them,  on  foot,  began  to  wheedle  them,  touched 
theiB  leveral  times  on  the  neck,  and  ipeaking  in  a  fbotfiiM 
manner :  The  per/on  you  fee,  feid  he,  ir  thegrtdf  Timflr:  i£r 
wll  rejlore  yxni  your  Jlaves  :  ivhy  then  do  you  fight  to  no  piJtf^ 
pofe  ?  Tou  khowy  if  you  are'  either  killed  of  made  prtfiners, 
you  iviJl  hear  the  blame  of  hccving your  fiavcs  taken*  When  tho 
foldiers  heard  that  prince's  name,  tftey  gave  over  fi^tms; 
kilfed  the  earth,  in  token  of  fubmiffion,  and  fent  two  of  thOT 
number  to  beg  pardon. '  Timur  profnifed  to  return  tKdr  flave^ 
provided  they  brought  the  holfes  and  bucklers  they  had  takei^ 
i^ext  morning,  to  his  camp ;  which  they  performed. 
HttffajiiiV  Not  long  after,  Amir  Huffayn  having  fetit  \xi  acquaint  Mm; 
jtatQuJy,  that  Mehemed  Bey  an  Setdttz  and  Key  Khojy^  had*  made  war  oit 
him,  Tim^r  left  Badagshhi :  On  which  notice,  the  rdbtif 
wrote  to  him  the  caufe  of  their  difcontent,  and  begged  his 
affiftaoce.  As  the  prince  knew  this  letter  was  intercepterf  %f 
.  fftifayti^  he  became  jealous  thaft  Hujfayn  did  not  Aetr  it 
him  at  their  interview :  and,  at  his  isetunt  to  KefBy  three  p«^ 
^a$  c^-ie  to  tell  him,  /^rf^j/ndefigned  tp  furprUebim.  This 
wa-  confirmed  by  a  lord,  who  (hewed  Him  a  letter  from  th^ 
Kh^n  Kabul  Shuh  (P) :  importing,  that  Amir  Mtijfa  had  orders 

(^)  It  is  the  '•  ban  Adef^oltdn     for  Kdhul  Sldh  was  now  khaa^ 
in  our  author,  by  4bme  miilakc  ;    and  fuccecdcd  AM  Khiu. 

to 
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C  u  the  kngn  of  TimAr  Bek.  .  ii^ 

to  watth  ait  b{>portunily  to  feize  him.     Timiti  far  frorfi  dif*-    A,  0. 
tnifting  fo  m^uch,  or  fearing  danger,  went  to  Rnbw  the  truth'    ?368; 
of  this  frotti  Hujfdyn^  whonl  he  met  on  the  bank  of  the  J'Mn  ^^'"v^""^ 
(or  Amfi)  f  but,  as  he  was  about  to  fpeak,  word  came,  that 
the  enemy  was  rteir ;   Jlnd  being  defired  to  march  forthwith 
againft  theiii,  he  fet  forward  with  the  troops ;  on  whofe  ap-^ 

!>roach,  Sheykh  Mehemed  and  Key  Kojri  fled.  After  the  pur-^ 
bit,  litmtir  returned  to  Kefh  j  and  Hujfayn  went  to  idlk^  td 
refide  iil  the  caltfe  of  Hendwdn  «* 

Although  TirrfAr*s  attachment  to  HvJJhyh  was  all  the  lat- Tliii6f 
ter's  fbppotf,  yet  he  ceafed  not  to  do  him  ill  ofTices.   He  fent  fof  declarn 
ali  that  prince*s  fubjefts  in  Kajb,  to  people  BAik,  dnd  to  britig  ^^''J'^* 
away  TirfitlFi  fitter :  becaufe  her  hufband,  Amir  Muyad,  hac^ 
ih  his  drink,  killed  a  man,  and  fled.     He  likewlfe  difiniflecl 
prince  jehdfightr^  whom  Timiir  had  placed  near  hirii.     Upon 
an  thefe  provocations,  he  took  counfel  with  Amir  M^JJa,  and 
other  lords:    who  after  havinjg  concluded  to  make  war  oii 
Buffkyn^  as  a  prince  not  to  be  tru-ded,  as  well  as  an  opjireflbr 
of  the  people,  th6y  began  the  rupture,  by  the  death  of  Alii 
brother  of  K^zer  Tefdri:  and  then  Tifn&r  boldly  declared  wai* 
againft  him  at  once. 

Having  ralfed  troops,  he  kept  With  him  Mdjfa^  td  com*  ^<?/Wify 
xnand  the  rear;  and,  aft^r  confulting  his  aftrOlog€rs,  departed^^^/'''»^'« 
from  Kaftj:  but,  at  Kiizaty  that  amir,  as  ufual,  feized  with  a 
pianic  fear,  returtied  to  Samarkant,     Ttmir  feemed  to  take  no 
liotice  of  this  aftion :   but  fertC  Siorgatmijh  Jglen,  with  tha 
Amfrs  MuyddiMiA  Hujfayn  Berlds  before,  as  fcouts,  who  found 
thofe  of  Amfr  Hujfayn  at  Termed*    At  Boya^   within  thre^  , 
leagued  of  that  city,  TinUir  met  the  holy  Seyd  Bereke,  ih.^  moft 
conGderable  of  the  (harifs,  or  defcendants  of  Mohammed :  Who 
prefenting  hiih  with  a  drum  and  ftandard,  which  are  the  ufual 
marks  of  fovereignty,  as  if  infpired,  feng  a  hymn,  predifting 
^/m^r's  future  grandeur.     Herd  that  prince  contrafted  an  in^ 
^olabk  friendimp  \\dth'-this  great  fliarif;   and  ordered,  that 
^ter  his  death  he  ihould  be  buried  in  the  lame  tomb,  \Vith  his 
face  tamed  fide-ways :  that  at  the  4ay  of  judgrrient,  when  every 
one  (hould  hold  up  their  hands  to  heaven,  to  implore  afTiftance 
erf"  fome  intercelTbr,-  he  might  lay  hold  on  the  robe  of  this  child 
of  the  prophet. 

TIMUR^  having  palTed  the  fihun,  or  Am^,y  ^nd  Encamped  B-J^'^^is 
^X  Kulni,  -Was  there  joined  by  a  great  number  of  princes,  who  BalK4 
h^ted  HuJJ'ayn^   and  came  from  all  parts  with  their  troops. 
>%:p!ong  the  reft,  were  the  Amir  Olapa  liu,  placed  in  Kondoz 
Ify  Hufayn ;  Shigykh  Mehemed^  king  of  Sadagshan^  Whom  TV- 

<<  Hiit.  Tim.  Bek,  p.  iii-^n;,  c.  i'^,  25?.     ' 
iloD.  Hist-  Vol.  V.  ^  f^^f 

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226  Hijiory  of  the  Moguls  and  Tatars.       B.  VI. 

/v.  D.  mJir  liad  invited ;  the  Amir  Key  Kofrtl^  who  had  fkd  from 
1368.  Katldn,  to  avoid  Hujfayn ;  the  Amir  T^it^  with  the  troops  of 
^*^¥'**"^  th^t  country ;  and  Zende  Hajham,  with  the  hord  of  J^erdi : 
fo  that  Tim^r  faw  himfclf  at  the  head  of  a  powerful  army* 
Then  he  gave  Siorgatmjb  Jglen  me  title  of  khan  5  and  having 
regulated  his  army,  departed  for  Bdlk.  As  foon  as  he  arrived, 
he  blocked  up  the  city  on  all  fides,  and  befieged  the  citadel, 
called  Hendwhi,  The  enemy  made  a  vigorous  defence :  they 
fallied  out  to  rdpulfe  the  confederates;  and  the  two  armies 
fought  with  unparalleled  courage  till  night.  In  this  battle, 
prince  Oyrtar  Sheykh,  sl  fon  of  Tim^r,  fighting  bravely,  though 
but  fifteen  years  old,  was  fhol  through  the  foot  with  an  arrow; 
and  though  the  furgeons  drew  a  hot  iron  through  the  wound, 
he  bore  it  with  extraordinary  patience  *. 
Hoffayn  Next  morning,  at  fun-rife,  the  befieged  made  another 
furrendjn:  f^Hy^  and  renewed  the  fight.  Hujfayn^  who  at  a  diftance  be- 
held this  terrible  encounter,  perceived  his  affajirs  to  be  in  a 
defperate  condition.  Timur  fent  to  acquaint  him,'. that,  if  he 
defired  his  life,  he  mufl:  fubmit,  and  deliver  up  the  fortrefs. 
Hujfayriy  for  once,  afting  with  prudence,  fent  two  of  his  fbns, 
with  the  khin  he  had  fet  up,  offering  to  refign  his  crown  to 
Tiinir ;  and  only  requefting  a  free  paflage  out  of  the  citadel, 
in  order  to  go  in  pilgrimage  to  Mekka,  Tim&r  having  granted 
this  requeft,  the  amjr  fent  again  to  acquaint  Mrii,'  that  he  would 
depart  the  next  day  •,.  and  requefted  a  prOmife,  that  no  jperfon 
fliould  attempt  atfy  thing  againft  his  life,  Timur  yielded  to  his 
defire  :  but  Hujfayn  was  fo  accuftomed  to  break  his  word,  that 
he  fufpefted  the  prince  could  not  keep  his  pfomife ;  and  there- 
fore went  out  the  fame  night,  with  two  fervarits.  After  wan- 
dering for  fome  time,  not  knowing  where  to  go,  he  arrived  at 
the  old  city  of  Bdlk ;  and,  when  morning  came^  through  fear, 
got  upon  the  minora  (QJ  of  the  principal  moflc,  where  he  hid 
himfelf. 
taken ^  and  This  prince  might  have  efcaped,  if  the  time  fixed  by  fete 
Jgainy  for  j^jg  death,  lays  our  author,  was  not  come  :  for  a  foldier  of 
Timur,  who  had  loft  his  horfe,  going  up,  to  try  if  he  could 
perceive  it  from  thence,  fpied  Hiiffayrij  whom  he  knew.  The 
amir,  who,  in  his  profperity,  had  never  the  leaft  generofity  to 
a  foldier,  flung  down  a  handful  c^  pearls;  and,  promiiing 
greater  things,  made  the  man  fwear  he  would  not  difcover 
him.     But  the  foldier,  as  foon  as  he  got  down,  ran  to  Timir, 

»  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  p.  118— 125,  c.  26,  &  feq. 

(0-.)  Steeple,  or  turret,  built    cryers,   proclaim  the  times  o£ 
near    the    masjeds,    or   mcfks,     prayers.     La  Qroix. 
kom  whence  the  muzim^,  pr 

and 


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and  related  the  whole.    When  the  officers  and  foldiers  heard    A;  D. 
this,  they  ran  to  the  moflc;  while  fftj^^n,  who  perceived     i368, 
them  coming  down,  hid  himfelf  in  a  hole.     Biit,  ftill  purfued  ^**v**"^ 
Ky  ill-luck,  a  Hurt' of  his  garment  happened  to  bi  feeii :  fo  that,  '^^*^  ^'^ 
bdng  taken>  he  was  carried  bound  to  Hfnun  whOj  unwilling-^^' 
to  break  his  promife,  faid  to  the  amif  s  who  were  near  him, 
*?  I  renounce  the  right  I  have  of  ttiking  away  his  life;  and 
"  Cancel  the  fentcnce  of  his  death,  by  which  I  might  revengd 
"  myfdfe**    But  when  Hujfayn  was  difmifled  from  Timir"^ 
pefenccj  KAy  Kofrlt^  prtece  di  KatlHrii  defiried  that  the  amir 
might  be  delivered  to  him,  in  order  to  do  juftice  On  him  for 
taking  away  his  brother's  life.     Timir  exhorted  that  prince  t6 
for^  his  rrfentment ;  while  the  remembrance  of  his  antient 
friendfhip,  as  well  as  alliancej  with  Hujfayn^  melted  hiin  into 
tears.    Upon  this  Olajia  It4f  an  amir  of  years,  and  great  ex- 
perience, imagining,  that  if  Hujfayn  efcaped,  through  Timur'% 
afiediou,  they  might  all  repent  ci  it  afterwards,  made  figns 
to  Kay  KofrA  and  Muyad  to  go  out  of  the  aflembly :  which 
they  did,  without  afking  Thnfir^s  leave ;  and,  taking  horie>  fol- 
lowed Huffayn,  and  flew  him. 

At  length  the  fortrrfs  of  Hetukjdn  being  taken^  KonfaiJl  The  citadel 
and  Noriz  S^ltArti  two  of  HvffayrC^  fons^  were  burnt,  and  deJiroyeJ. 
their  aihes  fcattered  in  the  air.    His  two  other  fons,  Jehin 
Mulk  and  KaUl  Soltdh,  fled  into  India,  where  they  periftied. 
The  khan  whom  Huffayn  had  fet  up  was  alfo  put  to  death  (R). 
Timfir  got  all  the  treafure  which  that  prince  had  amaflfed  with    y^  xr      y 
fo  mttdi  avarice ;  and  kept  four  ladies  of  his  faray^o  himfelf;  ,^*^^^^^ 
thefe  were,  Saray  Mulk  Kbdn^m,  daughter  of  Ktlzdn  SoltM 
Khdn ;   Olds  Aga,   daughter  of  Boy  an  Seldiz ;   IJlim  Aga^ 
daughter  of  Kezer  tefiri ;  and  T(^i  Turkhdn  KAtdn.    He  gave 
the  great  queen,    i$evenj  Kotluk  Aga,  daughtei:  of  Turme^ 
fiirtn   Khan,   Huffayn's  firft  wife,   Diljbad  Aga,  <o  Zende ; 
and  the  other  ladies  to  confiderable  lords.     He  likewife  or- 
dered, that  the  inhabitants  of  BAlk,  who  had  fliut  thfemfelves 
up  in  the  citadel,  -mth  their  late  prince,  fliould  return  to  the 
old  dty^  and  rebuild  it.     The  citadel,  as  well  as  palaces  of 
Huffayn,  were  all  razed  to  the  foundations ;  and  every  thing 
beloi^ing  to  him  deftroyed,  that  there  might  remain  no  foot* 
fteps  of  a  prince  fo  hated  J". 

y  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  p.  1^5,  &  feqq; 

(R)  This  was  Kalul  Shdh  (or  Soltdn)  Khdn, 

1^%  CHAP, 

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Hifior^  9ffh$  Moguh  aitd  Tatars:      B.  VL 

CHAP.    11. 

The  Exphiu  of  Timfir,  from  his  Enthronement^  to  the 
ReduHion  of  Iran^  or  Pcrfui  at  large. 

Timur«i.  AFTER  the  takW^  of  Balkf  fH  thd  amfrs,  princes,  and 
throned.  -^  generals  of  the  army,  thd  khans  of  Termed^  a»l  Seyd  Be* 
rekcy  chief  of  the  ifharifs,  who  had  predicted  Thnur't  advance* 
ment  to  the  throne,  aflenlbled  in  that  citf^  and  tmanhnoiifly 
choTe  Ktta  to  fit)  the  imperlel  feat  6(  Jagatay.  Wheh  the  hicky 
how  arrived  to  perform  th*  ceremony  of  coronation,  Tindr 
afcended  the  throne,  piaeed  thd.ct6vrn  of  goid  on  his  head, 
and  g^ed  hkafelf  vi4th  tht  imperial  belt,  in  prcfence  of  the 
princes  ci  the  blood,  and  the  reft,  vkho  aU  kiieeled  down  be* 
fore  Wm ;  andv  haVkg  Iviihed  Wfti  porofperity,  made  him  fom- 
ptudtis  prefentsf,  fprinided  handfuk  of  gold  and  precious  ilooes 
upon  his  head,  and  gave  him  the  titli  of  Sahkb  Kararty  which 
words  figflify,  the  ejr^eror  &f  tie  dge^  and  conqtteror  of  the 
luorld.  This  happened  in  the  Mimgl  year  of  the  Dog^  which 
Hej.  771 .  anfwer?  to  that  of  th^  itejrirfi  7?  i ,  in  the  month  of  Ramaz&n. 
A.  D.  He  treated  the  inh^tants  \y'ith  the  mmoft  rigbtir,  beheaded 
1369.  fome,  imprifoned  others,  enflaved  their  wives  arid  children, 
bnrnfl  their  houfes,  feized  their  richds,  and  raviged  the  coantry. 
Thus  he  rooted  out  the  rebels,  ahd,  at  the  fame  time,  diftri- 
bnted  the  pladdef  am^mg  his  le(rds  and  officers, 
A  plot  dif'  From  Bhlkj  ThhUr  returned  to  Kqfib;  where  he  appcssted 
eovend,  oi^cers  of  ftate,  both  military  and^viL  He  then  repaired  to 
SaTftarkanfy  which  he  made  the  feat  of  his  empire  (A).  The 
Amk  Miffhf  who  had  deferte'd  Timur  through  difcontent,  as 
is  befofe-mendoAcd,  on  th^  prince's  Aiecefe,  fled  to  TnrkeftStn ; 
but,  being  purfued,  fled  back  to  Zetde  Hajbdm^  at  SkeHirgan 
in  Khoraffdtiy  and  ptevjliled  on  him  to  revolt.  TimAr  having 
ordered  the  ktb-ultay^  or  dyet,  to  be  held ;  and  Z^nde  Hi^bim 
not  appearing,  he  ient  hhn  a  tfireatening  fuinmohs  :  but  this 
yoimg  prince,  inflead  of  obeying,  unprilbncd  th6  meflfengers. 
Hefeupon  the  emperor  'v^ent  with  an  army,  and  beiieged  him 
in  S^ddety  or  the  white  fort.  At  the  fight  of  the  imperial 
troops,  Zende  Hafbam  loft  courage ;  and,  having  fued  for  par- 
don, delivered  up  the  Amir  M&Jja:  whom,  inftead  of  puniih- 
ing,  TifiiAr  feafted,  knd  loaded  with  favours,  giving  him  the 
command  of  a  tribe,  and  a  province.    For  all  this,  Hajbam  re- 

(A)  This  removal  was  con-  moving  from  ^^/r  ^^^r4Jr  to  ^i/ii 

trary  to  his  own  advice  given  as   a   thing  highly  imprudent, 

before    to  Huffaytty    whom    he  and  dangerous*     See  p.  223. 
.               Would  have  <  difTuaded  ff om  t«- 

4  '  belkd 

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C.  2-  Tie  Reign  rfTimtvt  Bfek. 

belled  a  (econd  time ;  but  being  befi^ed  in  Shehurgirty  fub- 
mitted  a  fecond  time,  was  pardoned,  and  received  among  the 
officers  of  the  court  *. 

In  the  year  <rf  the  Hcgy   wfiich  anfwers  to  772,   Timir  In'vades 
crofled  the  Sihin  (or  Sir),  to  invade  the  country  of  the  Getes ;  thGetcs. 
two  of  whbfe  princes,   komze  and  Orenkitnuiry  fubmitted  to  ^^J-  T7^* 
him,  with  their  tribes  and  countries,  the  government  of  whidh     •^*  ^* 
fad^ve  to  Kepek  T^m^r ;  vAio  foon  after  rebelling,  he  marched     *  ^7°' 
agaioft  him,  by  way  cfSayrdtn,  on  the  borders  of  Jfetal^,  and, 
in  a  month,  reduced  the  enemy.    Mean  time,  the  Amir  Mitjja, 
and  Zende  Hafkhn^  forgetting  all  their  obligations,  confpired, 
with  AM  Is-hAk,  and  others,  to  feize  Ttm&r,  while  hunting : 
but  the  plot  being  difcovered,   the  cdhfpirators  were  tried, 
and  convifted :  yet  the  emperor  put  none  <^  them  to  death. 
He  pardoned  MAJfa,  on  account  of  his  great  age,  and  rclation- 
(hip  by  marriage ;  only  baniflied  two  fheykhs,  as  defcended 
from  Mohammed ;  and  condemned  Zende  Hajbhn  to  a  dungeon 
at  Samarkant, 

As  foon  as  Timltr  was  returned  to  his  capital,  he  fcnt  am-  Attacks 
bafladors  to  Huffayn  Soft  (B),  king  of  Karaztn,   to  demand  Karazm. 
refUtution  of  the  countries  of  Kat  and  Kivak  (C) ;  whkh  he 
had  feized  five  years  before,  during  the  troubles,  though  be- 
longing to  the  empire  of  Jagatay.   Hujfayn^s  anfwer  was,  That 
he  had  conquered  them  by  thefword\  and  that  Timur  might  re^ 
caver  them  the  fame  way,  if  he  could.     Hereupon  the  Mullah 
Jal^o^ddiHy   who  was  the  emperor's  mufti  (D),    to  prevent 
bloodflied,  defired  leave  to  try  what  he  could  do :    but  the 
Karazmian,  inftead  of  liftenihg  to  his  advice,  imprifoned  the 
mullah.    On  this  notice,  Tim^r,  in  773,  marched  at  the  head  Hej.  '•73. 
of  his  army,  by  way  of  Bokhara ;  and,  at  Scpaye,  on  the  Jihitn     A:  D. 
(or  Jm^)y  defeated  the  enemy's  fcouts.     From  thence,  they     1371. 
arfived  at  Kat,  which  they  invefted.   Mchey  Malek  was  ordered 
to  go  down  into  the  ditch,  but  being  afraid  to  venture,  the 
Chau(h  KomAri  readily  obeyed.     He  was  folbwed  by  •thers ; 
who  advancing  towards  the  breafl-work,  Sheykh  Jli  BehMr 
firft  laid  hold  of  it,  and  would  hiive  mounted.     Mobajhcr^ 
envying  him  this  honour,  took  hold  of  his  heel,  and  both  fell ; 
yet  Mi  returned,  and  got  upon  the  parapet.    Then  the  foldiers, 
having  forced  a  paflage,  on  all  fides,  into  the  town,  feized  the 

•  Hifl.  Tim.  Bek,  p.  x  30-^141,  1.  ii.  cap.  1—4. 

(B)  ^on  oi  Tanghaday^  oith^  place  with  JT^^j^w^,  \n  Abrt* Ighdzi 
tribe  of  Konhgrat,  called  alfo  Khd^z^ s  hi([ory ,  Sec  the  deicrip- 
Kunkuratf  Kongarat,  an4  by  the  lion  of  iTtfr^^w  hereafter,  Vol,  VI. 
Chinefe,  Honhila,  (D)  Or  chief  prieft,  who  de- 

(C)  This  feems  to  be  the  fame  cides  affairs  of  the  law. 

P  3  governor. 


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Grants  ^ 


mfiwy  of  the  Mogub  and  Tatars.       B-  VI, 

governor,  and  pat  the  greater  part  of*  the  garrifon,  as  well  a$ 
the  inhabitants,  to  the  fword ;  carrying  away  the  wives  and 
children,  whom  Tindr  next  day  fet  at  liberty.  As  for  KAcbey 
M4Uk^  be  ordered  him,  for  his  cowardice,  to  be  baftonadoed, 
and  then  led  to  Samarkant^  ti^d  tp  th?  tail  of  an  «is. 

After  this,  he  advanced,  and  his  van-guard  having  de- 
feated the  enemy,  at  Jiwi  Korlan,  he  order^  inroads  to  be 
niade  on  every  iide ;  fo  that  all  the  provinces  of  Karazm  v^ere 
mined.     Hujfayn^  bdng  in  no  conoition  to  defiend  hinUelf  in 
the  city  of  Karazm  (E),  feixt  to  bq;  pardon,  and  demand 
quarter:   but,  diverted  by  Kay  Kqfri^  who  promifed  to  gp 
over  to  him,  with  his  Tomtriy  he  marched  out  with  his  troops 
to  the  river  Kawn^  fix  miles  fix>m  the  cafutal.     However,  be 
was  repulfed ;  and  finding  himfelf  blocked  up  in  his  fortirefs, 
foon  died  with  grief.     His  brother  I/tif  (or  Tvfif)  S^,  who 
fucceeded  him,   had  recourfe  to  fubmiiCqn :   ai^d  as  7!m«r 
thought  that  Sruini  Bey,  commonly  called  Kh&n  Z$deh  (F), 
the  daughter  of  jlk  S^,  V^f's  brother,  who  was  reckoned 
the  greateft  beauty  in  the  world  (G),  would  be  a  fit  match  for 
his  ion  Jehdn  Chtr,  he  granted  peace,  on  condition  of  the  mar- 
riage.    On  his  return  to  Samarkant,  he  ordered  Kay  Kofri 
Katlani  to  be  arrefted,  and  profecuted  for  his  intrigues  with 
Hujjfayn  Soft :  of  which  having  been  convifted,  he  was  deli- 
vered, hound,  to  the  officers  of  Amir  Huffayn,  who  put  him 
to  death,  to  revenge  the  murder  of  that  prince ;  ^nd  his  pro? 
vmcc  given  to  Mehemed  Mirekc,  fon  of  Shir  Jfahrdmt  his  rela- 
tion **. 
Jifarrm         When  Kay  Kcfri  was  apprehended,  his  fon  Solt&n  M^, 
Jch^n        mMy  with  two  other  lords,  left  the  court,  and  retired  to  Abt 
Ghir.        razm\  where  they  perfuaded  Ifi^fSofi  to  violate  the  peace: 
and  accordingly,  in  autumn,  he  laid  waAe  the  country  of  Kat. 
Hej.  774.  But,  mRamazM  774,  on  the  newsof  Twa^r'sm^rch,  hefent 
A.  D.     perfons  to  intecede  for  him,  and  renew  the  treaty ;  p^miii!^ 
4  372.     forth\^th  to  fend  the  princefs  Khiin  Zadeh  to  Sdnmrkant,   Next 
fpring,  7in:ur  difpatched  ambafladors,  with  rich  prefents,  to 
conduift  to  his  court  that  princefs ;  who  ftt  out  with  a  portton 
of  precious  ftones,  jewels^  and  fiirniture,  of  gr^t  value.  Ttrmit 
gave  her  a  magnificent  reception  ;  and  the  marriage  with  his 
|on  \vai  folcmnizcd  with  the  gr^ateft  pomp,  jtfter  the  happy 

*  Hid.  Tim.  Bek,  p.  HS-rrlS^*  c*  ?•— u. 


fE)  The  fame  with  Utjtvgh, 
called  K^kattj^  ai^d  Jorjania  by 
^le  Perjians. 

(F)  That  is,  tbi  daughter  of 


( G }  The  poet^  fay,  fi^cc 
jjam ;  and  that  (he  had  the  ge« 
nius  of  an  angel,  and  ibape  of  Mi 


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C  2;  The  Rtign  of  Timfir  Bck.  231 

moment  had  been  fixed  ,  with  the  exafteft  care,  by  the  moft    A.  D. 
learned  aftrologersy  and  profound  philofophers.  '373* 

In  the  month  of  Shawal  776^  which  was  the  beginning  of  ^n— -v— ^ 
the  Mungl  year  of  the  Hare^  Tim^r  fet  forward  on  his  march  Marches 
to  Jet^,  fendmg  before  his  fon,  the  Mirza  JehUn  Ghlr,  with  ^^\]^'^' 
the  van-guard.     When  they  had  paflcd  Sayrdm,  and  were  ar-     J*  27  ' 
rived  at  Jar&Uy  a  town  of  JetAh^  they  were  informed,  by  a     ^.'' 
prifoner ;  that  Kamro'ddtn  (H),  prince  of  the  tribe  of  Vglat^       ^ ^^ 
was  encamped  with  an  army  at  Gheuk  Tt^pa^  or  the  blue  hill, 
where  he  waited  for  Haji  Bey,  not  expefting  any  enemy.     On 
this  adidce,  they  haftened  their  march :  but  Kamro'cUin,  getting 
iatelGgence  of  their  approach,  retired  to  an  inacceifible  place, 
called  Birkey  Girian,  where  there  are  three  defiles  of  moun- 
tains, extremdy  ftee(> ;  and  three  great  rapid  rivers.     Jehan 
GhUr  T^as  now  advanced  to  the  third  defile,  where  Kamro'ddin 
had  fortified  himfelf,   and  having  attacked  his  forces,    with 
great  flaughter,  till  night,  they  took  to  flight.     Next  morning, 
the  prince  purfued  them ;  and  Timur^  coming  up  at  fun-rife, 
detached  fome  of  his  chief  captains,  who  fwam  along  the  ftream 
of  the  river  Abeile  (I).     When  they  got  on  the  enemy's  lands, 
Aey  {dundered  all  who  did  not  fubmit  ^. 

Ttmur  weht  on  to  Baytak ;  from  whence  he  fent  the  mirza  Avoids  a 
his  fon,  with  a  great  army,  to  fight  aJid  feize  Kamro'dSri.  The  con/piracy. 
prince,  having  ruined  the  cantons  which  are  in  Uch-fenmny 
found  his  enemy  in  the  mountains,  whom  he  purfued,  and 
obliged  to  abandon  his  troops.  He  ravaged  all  the  country, 
razed  his  palaces,  and,  among  other  ladies,  feized  on  his  wife 
Buy  An  Aga,  with  his  daughter  DilJbad'C^a.  After  Timur  had 
watted  fifty-three  days  at  Baytak,.  he  received  this  news ;  and, 
on  Ms  way  home,  married  the  princefs  Dil/bad-aga.  Then 
fetting  forward  again,  marched  by  TAffi  Daban,  and  encamped 
at  Ozkunt,  Here  Adel  Shih,  fon  of  Bohr  Am  Jalayr,  now  dead, 
gave  him  a  fjplendid  entertainment,  and  prefented  him  with 
fome  fine  hortes.  Under  this  mafk,  his  defign  was,  in  concert 
with  two  other  lords,  to  have  feized  Tmur :  but  conceiving 
llrong  fufpicions,  by  the  motions  of  the  confpirators,  he  left 
the  aflembly,  and  thus  fruftrated  their  plot,  During  the  win- 
ter, when  he  was  returned  to  his  capital,  they  came  and  con- 
f^OH  tbrir- crime;  whil^  Timur  politicly  pretended  to  have 

«  Hift,  Tim.  Bek»  p,  157 — 165,  c.  ii,— 14.  , 

(H)  He  ofurped  the  kingdom  Hi,  rifmg  in  Litt/e  Bukhdria,  oa 

of  Kdjhgar  from  Ilyas  Koja  Khan,  which  the  khan  of  the  Eluths  en- 

as  related  before,  p.  1 50.  camped.  AbMi  fignifi^s  the  fwa^ 

(1)  This  fepms  to  tic  the;  river  ter  Ili. 

I  P  4      «  known 


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Hifi^Kj  gf  the  »fo||Bu|8  an4  Jn^n.     .  B,  VJ, 

known  nothing  pf  \k,  and,  at  the  iamc  tu^e»  bigMy  coidled 

Jdcl  Shdh. 

In  the  beginniug  of  the  year  777,  the  troops  were  ordered 
to  affemble,  as  if  to  invade  Karazr».  As  foqa  as  the  amirs 
arrived  at  the  imperial  city,  tl\e  Sheykh  Mehemd  Say4n  SeU 
ddz  (oiie  of  the  ^oafpirators  in  the  late  plot)  was  apprehended ; 
*  aad  his  crime  Wing  been  fully  proved,  he  was  delivered  into 
the  hands  of  Heri  M^k  SMuz,  his  relation,  who  put  him  to 
death,  in  revenge  for  killing  his  brother.  Jli  D^rvQb  an(i 
Mehemed  Dcruijb^  being  equally  guilty,  wer^  aUb  put  to  death, 
Jo  fpring,  Tim&r  fent  feveral  amirs,  with  30,000  horfe,  into 
Jetdby  with  orders  to  fearch  diligently  for  Kamro'ddin^  and, 
ivhen  found,  to  put  him  to  death.  After  this,  he  marched 
,  with  a  great  army  towards  Karazm ;  and  being  come  to  iS^- 
faya^  on  the  Jihun,  faw  Turkh^a  Erl^i  another  qf  the  con- 
fpirators,  pafs  over  with  his  troops,  as  willing  tp  join  him ; 
but,  through  fome  fudden  fear,  he  immediately  returned  to  bis 
orda,  ne^r  Korzwdf}  Pu/ad,  who  was  ordered  to  purfue  h^m 
day  and  night  with  fqme  troops,  having  palled  Andk4d,  over- 
took him  at  Farab  (or  Otrar)^  on  ih.t  Sikun.  The  two  parties 
'  fought  likp  lions :  but,  at  length,  the  enemy  flying,  the 
viftors  purfued,  and  PuIMdXoia^  overtook  Turkh^n ;  who,  find-r 
ing  his  norfe  tired,  got  pfF,  and  brought  down  Pul4d*s  with 
an  arrow.  He  let  fly  another  at  his  enemy,  before  he  was  able 
to  get  up :  but,  as  it  went  through  his  cap,  without  hurting 
him,  Piilad  rurtied  on ;  and  clofing  him,  after  a  long  ilru^le, 
flung  him  on  the  ground,  and  cut  ofi^his  head.  At  the  wme 
time,  an  oflic^r  brought  the  head  of  Turmijby  brother  of  T^r- 
kMn,  and  both  were  laid  at  the  foot  of  the  throne  ^. 
Jmtn  re-:  AMONG  the  amirs  fent  to  Jetah^  S4r  Bugq  ^ad  Adel Sb^^ 
woli'  confpiring  with  Katay  Bahadr^  Elcbi  Buga,  and  ffam^^  whom 

T.mhr  had  left  governor  of  Andekbitn,  on  the  frontiers  of  Tur- 
ff&Jlan,  got  together  their  ordds  of  Jalayr  and  Kipjaky  and 
inarched  to  Sapuirkant,  which  they  bcfiegpd.  Hereupon  Jk 
JJug^f  the  governor,  wrote  word  of  this  to  TTf^^r;  who^ 
though  he  had  already  pafl^d  by  Kai,  and  was  arrived  at  Kbas, 
iinmediately  returned.  .While  he  encamped  near  BoUjAra^ 
the  Mirza  JehCtii  Gbir,  who  advanced  before,  met  the  rebels 
(obliged  to  ralfe  the  fiege)  at  Kapntna,  and  defeated  them. 
After  which,  they  retired  to  the  defarts  of  Kipjdk,  and  lifted 
thcmfelv<is  in  tjip  feryic^  of  Urus  Khdn,  emperor  of  that 
frotintry.  Sar  Bpga  and  AM  Sh^h  had  not  been  long  m  the 
ferv5(:e  of  that  prince,  before,  they -fled  from  bis  court,  after 
^ying  kill^4  his  Ijeut^^nt,  ^nd  went  tp  J^tdh,^  where  thejf 

f  HUi.Tim.  Bafc,  p.  165-^.176,  q.  14,-^16. 

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C.  2.  .     tbg  lUigm  iff  Titntt  fd?. 

perfiiaded  Katftro'ddin  to  join  them,  in  Boakiog  wtranfimir. 
Hereupon  that  pr\nce  inarched  to  the  county  of  Jndekhin^ 
where  Omar  Sheykh^  Timur's  fecond  fon,  was  governor :  but, 
being  deferted  by  the  Y\s22XVi  oi  Kidaky  he  retired  to  the  moun- 
tains, and  £ent  his  father  word>  th^t  the  eneiny,  with  a  great 
army,  had  ruined  JrulekMu. 

This  news  fo  incenfed  TimAr,  that  he  immediately  fet  out  Kamro'd* 
for  Jetdb.  On  which  ad^dce,  Kamro'ddin  commanded  Iiis  din  de* 
houihold  and  orda  to  leave  Jtb4/hiy  while  he  remained  in  zm-fiated^ 
iMifli  with  4000  hc^.  Timur  coming  to  the  pUce,  aopd  fu« 
fpe^ling  no  fuch  i0tty  fent  his  amirs,  with  all  the  army,  in 
purfuit  of  the  enemy ;  while  he  followed,  with  no  more  than 
aoo  men  to  accompany  him.  Kamro'ddiny  glad  of  this  occa- 
iion,  fallied  out  with  his  men  upon  the  emperor ;  who,  no 
way  difinayed,  fpurred  his  horfe  againft  the  enemy,  and,  being 
obiiged  to  expofe  his  pa*fon,  performed  furprifmg  afts  of  va- 
loiur ;  which  were  fo  well  ieconded  by  his  fbldiers,  that  they  at 
Jei^h  defeated  that  ni^merous  hoA.  After  this,  he  met  Kam-^ 
ro'ddin  again  at  Seaghez  j^g^jeh,  and  conftrained  him  to  fly. 
Ucbkara  pnrfucd  him  fo  clofely,  that,  at  length,  he  obliged 
him  (o  return,,  with  eight  men  only ;  who  being  furrounded 
by  the  amir's  foldiers,  Kamro^ddiriy  after  having  his  horfe 
killed,  had  much  ado  to  get  off  on  foot,  wounded  in  feveral 
places. 

BEFORE  the  lafl  battle,  Timitr  dreamed;  that  in  one  of  the  Dtath  of 
fiotrty-fix  vifions,  which  are  efteemed  prophetic,  he  faw  thejchan 
Sheykh  BirhAno'ddin  Klich;,  and  having  humbly  begged  of  him  Ghir, 
to  pray  for  his  fon  Jehdn  CMr,  then  fick  at  Samarkanty  the 
holy  man  only  anfwered.  Be  with  God  (K).     This,  with  an- 
other dream  he  had  afterwards,  increafed  his  melancholy,  and 
a>Dvinced  him,  that  he  fhould  lofe  his  dear  fon ;  whom  ho 
fonnd  dead,  at  his  return  to  that  capital.     This  prince,  who 
was  but  twenty  when  he  died,  was  buried  at  Kajb ;  and  left 
two  fons :  Mohaitmed  Solt&n,  by  KB^n  Zadeh ;  .and  Pir  Ma- 
hammed,  a  poflhumous  fon,  by  Bhkti  Mulki  Aga^  daughter  of 
EliasYefitri. 

TIMURy  about  this  time,  being  informed,  that  Adel  ShAh  and  Add 
Jalayrw2&  in  the  mountains  of  AiirdfrAw^,  beyond  Otrdr,  fent  Shah. 
thither  two  amirs,  with  fifteen  horfe ;  who  having  found  him 
at  ^kjdma^  a  fjpy-tower  on  the  top  of  mount  Karajik,  put  him 
to  death,  according  to  law.     Soon  after,  Mirza  Omar  Sheyhj)^ 

(K)  We  infert  fuch  particu-  a  dupe  to  the  fuperftltious  folly 
lars,  as  proper  to  (hew  the  cha-  of  dreams  and  fortune-telling, 
ra^er  of^this  prince  $  who,  tho',  owing'tb  (He  forcp  of  bad  inftru- 
a  great,  and,  in  other  refpefts,    ^ion  when  young.  ''' 

a  wife,  judicious  man,  was  ye( 

with 

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H0ory  of  the  Moguls  and  Tatars:       B.  VI. 

with-feteral  amirs,  trere  fent  againli  Kamro*ddin ;  whom  they 
met,  and  .dcfeated>  on  the  borders  of  Aiiro/ii,  a  country  of  the 
'  Getes  c. 

War  in         The  troops  Were  no  fooner  returned,  than  Timir  refolved 
Ktpjak.     to  march  in  perfon  into  Jetah ;  and  his  van-guard  were  fo 
lucky  as  to  come  up  with  Kamro^dMn^  at  Bugam  Jji  Chad:. 
where,  after  a  furious  "battle,  they  put  him  to  flight,  ravaged 
his  country,   and  reduced  his  fubjefls  to  obedience.     After 
purfuing  him  as  far  as  K4char,  7tm4r  returned  to  hb  ca]Mtal, 
by  W9kf  of  Oynagit  and  Uzkunt.    That  prince,  when  at  Kdchdr, 
bring  informed,  that  Tokatmtjh  <or  Toktamtjb)  j^glen  had  with- 
drawn from  the  court  of  XWx,  khan  of  Kt^hk^  in  order  to 
cogie  over  to  him,  lent  TianenTtm&r  Uzbek  to  meet  and  con* 
duft  him  to  Samarkant ;  where  he  was  received  with  great 
honour.     Tbnir  heaped  favours  on  him,  and  gave  him.  the 
government  of  feveral  places  for  his  fubfiltehce.    He  likewife 
affifted  him  againfl  UrAs  KhAn^  who  foon  after  attacked  him ; 
entered  iiis  dominions  with  a  great  army,  and  placed  Toktamjb 
on  the  throne  of  KifjAk.     This  prince  bdng  driven  out,  he 
A.  D.    reftored  him  again,  in  778.     But  as  thefe  wars  have  been  al- 
1 376.     ready  related  more  at  large,  in  the  hiftory  of  that  empire  ^  we 
(hall  fay  no  more  about  them  here. 
TimurV        The  fovere^ty  of  Ti'nwJr  feemed  now  to  be  arrived  at  the 
greafne/s,   fummit  of  felicity,  many  of  his  officers  bearing  the  titles  of 
khin  and  foltan ;  when,  to  increafe  his  tappinefs,  in  the  year 
Hej.  779.  of  the  Serpent y  and  that  of  theHcjrah  779,  in  the  month  of 
•^*  ^'     Rabiyo' laker y  the  Mirza  ShAh  Rukh  was  bom.    ,  Soon  after  this, 
'377-     Timur  made  a  fourth  expedition  into  Karazm.     Whilft  he  was 
at  Oirar^  to  obferve  Urh  Kh&riy  Ifi^f  Soji,  king  of  that  country, 
fent  an  army  to  Bokh&ra^  which  ravaged  the  province,  and 
carried  off  whatever  they  could  meet  with.     Timiry  on  this, 
fent  an  ambaflador,  to  complain  x>f  thefe  hoftilities  :  but  -$8/i 
inftead  of  ftiewing  any  reafon,  threw  the  ambaflador  in  prifon. 
He  did  the  like  to  a  fecond  envoy ;  and  fent  Tui  Bcgay,  fur- 
named  the  robber,  with  his  followers,  to  carry  away  the  cattk 
of  the  Turkmans,  which  were  about  Bokhdreu     However,  Ti^ 
mur  let  him  alone  for  this  year,  the  remainder  of  which  he 
.     fpent  at  Zenjir  Saray,   after  he  had  married  Tuman  Aga^ 
daughter  of  the  Amir  Muffa ;  for  whofe  fake  he  adorned  Sa* 
markant  with.feverd  beautiful  monuments,  and,  among  th» 
jfeft,  a  pleafure-houfe,  to  the  wefl:  of  that  city,  call^  R^ti 
Behijhty  or,  the  garden  of  paradife  ^. 

,^  Hift.Tim.Bek,  p.  170— 178,  c.  16-^18,  ^  See  before, 

^1^107.  ?  Hift,  Tiin..B?kj  1.  ii.  p.  178-^193,  c  ig — a6. 


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C.  2*  ^i  Reign  of  Tim6r  Bck. 

In  Shanval  780  Ttmir  fct  forward  with  his  army ;  arid,  en- 
tering i&mzm,  invefted  the  town  of  Ejhi  Skuz  (L),  while  fe- 
veral  parties  ravaged  the  country.     On  this,  Ifuf  or  TufefSofi 
feat  a  challenge  to  TimAr ;  who,  putting  on  his  armour,  con-  ^^''azm 
trary  to  the  prayers  of  his  commanders,  went  to  the  edge  of  ^^H^^^^ 
the  ditch,  and  called  on  Tufefxo  come  out :  but  that  prince 
thought  it  fafer  to  keep  within  the  walls.     However,  Tim^r, 
having  received  fome  melons  from  Termed^  judged  it  might  be 
thought  uncQurteOus  if  he  did  not  fend  Tufef  fome,  when  he  . 
was  (o  near  him  :  this  was  done  in  a  gold  bafon,  delivered  at 
the  wall.    But  Tu/ef  had  fo  little  courtefy,  that  he  ordered 
the  fruit  to  be  thrown  into  the  ditch,  and  gave  the  hdfoti  to 
the  town-porter.     After  this,  the  befieged  fallied;  and  fre- 
quent fkirmifties  drew  on  a  general  battle ;  in  which  the  enemy 
were  defeated,  and  retired  into  the  city.     After  this,  TUmth*  H^.ySu 
ordered  the  ^mirs  to  b^in  the  fiege  of  the  capital ;  which    A.  Dl 
having  continued  near  four  months,  in  which  time  the  caftle     1379. 
was  ruined,  the  khan  TufefSofi  died  with  grief,  as  the  empe- 
ror had  predifted  j(M).     At  the  fame  time  the  batteries  being 
fenewjed,  and  breaches  made,  the  town  was  attacked,  and  at 
ki^th  ta^n,  after  a  very  brave  refiftance.     The  city  was  pil- 
laged, many  of  the  inhabitants  killed ;  and  all  the  learned  m^n^ 
as  well  as  tradefmen,  fent  to  Kafb, 

This  city,  which  had  long  before  this  been  a  feminary  of  Ka(h 
learning,  hence  was  fumamed  Kubbet  Elihni  Veledeb,  ths-t  is,  <walieit. 
The  Dotne  of  Science  and  Virtue :  it  was  alfo  called  ShAhr  SebZy 
pr  The  Grem  City,  from  the  verdure  of  its  gardens  and  mea- 
dows.    At  the  end  of  the  year  781  the  emperor  declare4  it 
his  ordinary  rcfidence  in  fummer,  and  the  fecond  feat  of  the 
empire.    He  therefore  inclofed  it  with  new  walls ;  and  built  z. 
new  palace,  called  Ak-faray^  froln  the  exceeding  whitenefs  and 
height  of  its  walls.    After  this,  he  divided  the  city  among  his  • 
amirs,  and  the  troops  of  his  houfhold. 

In  winter  Timir  fent  to  fummon  Malek  Kaykzo^dMn  Pir  Malck 
AH  (fon  of  Mdlek  Huff&yn,   prince  of  Her&t,  who  died  in  Kaya- 
1369)  to  the  kuriiltay,  or  aflembly  of  the  ftates,  which  was  zo'ddin 
to  be  held  the  next  fpring.     Pir  AH  pretended  fubmiffion  to  fi^"^^^ 
the  fumn^ons :  but  delayed  the  mefftngers  with  excufes,  in  or- 
der to  finifh  the  fortifications  of  Herdt ;  which  he  had  encom- 
pafled  the  year  before  with  a  wall  two  l^gues  in  Circuit,  in- 

(L)  This,  poffibly,  was  the        (M)  The  author,  on  feveraj 

f>ld  city  of  Karaxm,  kbrianj,  or  Qccafipns,  intimates  as  if  Tifjtur 

Vv^'^g^*  or  fome  part  of  it ;  for,  had  the  fpirit'  of  prophecy.    La 

by  what  follows,- it  was  this  city  Qri?/;r. 
I^hicli  was  befieged. 

4  ^lofmg 

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^36  Hipry  of  tbi  Moguls  and  Tatars.       B.  VI. 

a,  D.    clofipg  the  fubnrbs,  and  gardens  without  the  wall  of  the  old 
.i379«    city.     Thefe  things  were  reported  to  Ttmir  at  the  time  whoi 
*jili  Bej/y  fon  of  Argun  Shah  J4n  Garhani^  returned  to  his  obe- 
•diiiqce,  aod  was  pardoned.    The  emperor  even  confented  that 
llis  da^lgbter  fhould  marry  his  grandibn  Mehemed  SoltUn^  ion 
^f  y^ii  Ghtr ;  and  conferred  with  him  about  his  defign  upon 
fier^y  whither  Ali  ^<?y  promilcd  to  go  ia  fpring^ 
TimikrV        ^^  ^^  Tmdr's  ambitbn  of  univerlal  monarchy  which  made 
amhition.  l^  undertake  fuch  glorious  things:  he  ufcd  to  fay,  that  it 
V»af  neither  Jit  nor  decent  that  the  world  Jbould  be  governed  by 
two  kings.    About  this  time  many  rebels  had  feized  the  pro- 
^ces  of  Jran^  and  fet  up  for  independent  monarchs.     This 
ei^ceedingly  difpkaled  Tirnur ;  who,  having  conquered  the  king- 
dom of  Ti^an,  which  Jenghlz  Kh&n  formerly  dinded  between 
^is  fons  Tujhi  and  Jagatay^  he  refolved  to  fubdue  the  em- 
pire of  b'^i  or  Perjia  at  large.     Preparatory  to  this,  he 
pade  his  fon,  the  mirza  Mirdn  Shdhy  then  but  fourteen  years 
of  age,  governor  of  Khoraffin;  and  fent  him  thither,  accom- 
panied with  feveral  amtrs,  and  fifty  companies  of  horfe.    The 
9V#<fr  troops,  having  eroded  the  Jihuny  pafled  the  autumn, 
and  190ft  of  the  winter,  ^nBdlkzndSbektirgdn;  but,  towards 
the  end  <^  that  l^on,  took  from  Mdkk  the  town  of  Bad- 
gh'iz. 
Heinvades     TowAKPS  the  end  of  th^  year  782,  77«rfr,  having  raifed 
Maiek.     a  great  army  of  Turks  and  Tatars,  crofled  the  Jihun,  and 
Hej.  782  advanced  within  the  country  of  Kh§raffan.    When  he  arrived 
A.  D.    at  Andekudf  his  devotion  prompted  him  to.  vifit  the  illuftrious 
'3^0.     Santon  Baba  Senku,   one  of  thofe  darwifli  who  make  pro- 
ieflipn  of  folly  (N).     This  perfon,  in  an  enthufiaftic  fit,  flui^ 
a  bteaft  of  mutton  at  the  emperor's  head ;  who,  believing  this 
|o  be  a  good  augury,  faid :  "  I  am  perfiiaded  that  God  will 
♦*  graat  me  the  conqueft  of  Khoraffhif  becaufe  this  kingdom 
**  has  always  been  called  the  breaft,  or  middle,  of  the  inha- 
**  bitable  world."    This  prediftion,  fays  our  author,  had  its 
effeft.     TimitrXdt  Andektid;  and,  as  foon  as  Mdiek  Mehemed, 
brother  of  MMei  Kayazo'd&n,  who  was  then  in  the  fortrcfs 
of  Sarahs f  had  notice  of  his  march,  he  came  before  the  throne, 
and  bad  the  honour  to  kifs  the  imperial  carpet,  as  well  as  to 

^  Hift.Thn.Bek,  p.  194—201.  c.26— 29. 

.    (N)  Thefe  are  natural  fools,  tbcm  before  their  creation,  and, 

or  blockheads,  at  leaft  they  pre-  on  that  account,  did  not  endue 

tend  to  be  fo,  of  whom  the  call  them  with  reafon ;  fo  that  they 

is  full.     The  }Aohammedam  h^ve  are  incapable  of  offending.    La 


an  extraordinary  veneration  for     Qroix 
them ;  and  fay,  that  God  loved 


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C.  2:  :  f%e  Reign  ofTiaAr  Bek.  a^f 

receive  many  careflfes  and  prcfents.    When,  after  a  long  ih^fch,     A.  D.- 
the  army  had  paflfed  by  Maru  ArrMy  Commonly  called  Mor-     1380. 
glA,  they  at  length  encamps  at  Ckekedalek,  eleven  IfeagueS  from  ^'  "^v^"^ 
ffet-dt. 

HEitE  the  ediperor  feftt  to  defire  Alt  Bey  to  raife  troops  Ftt-(hcnj 
forthTf  ith)  aod  joki  hini,  according  to  the  league  between  tefiegid, 
them :  but  he  not  only  refufed  to  obey,  but  imprifoncd  the 
envoy.  As  M&lek  KayHo'ddin  had  that  day  taken  Nijb&b^r 
from  the  Sarkedalsy  Ttmir  marched  to  Jam  (O)  and  KiifApa^ 
that  the  enemy's  troops,  who  were  in  thofe  parts,  might  not 
j(Mn  MAlek.  The  governor  of  A'l^/tf  went  to  meet  the  em- 
peror J  who,  after  paying  a  vifit,  at  TayhMy  to  the  learned 
and  virtuo&s  doftor  Zayno'ddin  Jht^kr,  marched  to  Fujh^j, 
afoom  twenty-five  miles  fhort  of  Het^y  and  befieged  it.  This 
town  was  fuironnded  with  high  ww,  a  good  rampart,  and 
deep  <fitch,  full  of  water.  Its  other  fortifications  were  fo 
ffaxmg,  Aat  no  citadel  could  compare  ^ith  it :  yet  the  foldiers, 
croffing  the  ditch  on  plaidcs,  advanced  to  the  wall,  and  made 
a  great  flaughter  of  the  enemy  with  their  arrows.  Tim^r, 
who  often  r^de  totni  the  place  without  armour,  to  enccrurage 
Ms  men,  Was  woiind^d  with  two  arrows.  Mean  time  fome  and  tukvf* 
2mit^  mounted  the  waliy  While  others  forced  the  gate ;  and, 
enterif^  alfo  by  the  breaches,  put  to  the  fword  all  Who  eicaped 
their  hands  bdfore.  Thus  Fijbenj  was  takeii  at  the  firft  af- 
fault ;  after  which,  the  army  marched  to  fferdt,  and  laid  fiege 
to  that  city*. 

The  troop  of  GAris  (or  Gowris),  reckoned  the  moft  va-  Herdt 
liant  men  of  Irdn^  made  a  fally :  but  bring  forced  to  xt^M^Jurr^nder^ 
after  a  Hoody  conflift,  the  citizens,  to  feve  then*  lives,  and  'd. 
fine  honfes  froni  deftruftion,  refufed  to  make  refiftance  r  fo 
that  Mileky  feiding  he  could  not  bring  them  to  a  fecond  filly^ 
was  obliged  to  fubmit ;  and,  coming  out  to  beg  pardon,  killed 
the  imperial  carpet  on  his  knees.     7?m4r  gave  him  a  veft  of 
honour,  carcflcd,  and  then  difmiflbd  him.  This  was  in  Mnhar' 
ram^  the  firft  month  of  the  year  783.    Then  the  conqueror  op-Hej.  783. 
dered  the  treafures,  and  oriier  riches,  which  the  Gowri,  or  Gaioriy     A .  D . 
kings  had  amafled  for  feveral  years  (confifting  of  filver  coin,     1381, 
brute  {M*ecious  ftones,   the  richeft  thrones,  crowns  of  gold, 
veflels  of  plate,  gcM  and  filVer  brocades,  with  other  curiofi" 
tieo),  to  be  carried  away  :  he  likewife  commanded  the  walk; 
both  old  and  new,  to  be  razed.     A  tax  likewife  was  levied  oa 
the  inhabitants,  for  their  ranfcwm ;  and  the  gates  of  the  city, 

*  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  p;  201 — 208.  c^jo — 3.2. 

(O)  Jam  is  about  fcventy  miles,  to  the  caft  of  Nifiahur. 

covered 

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Bijlofy  of  tbi  M<^s  and  Tatars.       B.  Vl 

corered  with  iron  plates,  and  adorned  with  fcniptures  and 
infcriptions,  were  carried  to  Kajb,  After  this,  M^k  Kaya- 
^  zo*ddm  was  ordered  to  deliver  up  the  fortrefs  of  Ejiilj,  called 
alfo  Amdn-Mh ;  then  governed  by  the  amir  Gowri,  his  youngeft 
fon^  reckoned  the  moft  brave  and  experienced  lord  in  thd 
kingdom,  whom  Mdiek  prevailed  on  to  deliver  up  the  place, 
accounted  by  him  impregnable. 
Other  TIMUR,  highly  pleafed  with  his  fuccefs  at  H^^,  fent 

f laces  fui'^^^P^  to  conquer  Nijbab&r  and  Sebzwdr:  but,  as  the  affair  of 
mit.  ^ii  B^y  difturbed  him,  he  marched  in  perfon  to  Kellit  and 

Tujb  (or  Majbhad)^  making  a  vifit  to  the  tomb  of  AM  M^ 
jUm  Mer4zi  (P),  in  the  way.  Ali  Bey^  on  advice  of  thecm* 
peror's  march,  came  out  and  fubmitted ;  fo  did  the  governor 
of  Sehzw^r ;  and  both  were  received  with  favours.  He  then 
proceeded  for  ^j/'^r^^ln  UJ,  belonpng  to  the  Amir  ^^ff,  (or 
iVali)^  prince  of  Mazdnderdn,  The  foldiers  immediately  ruihed 
on  lie  walls,  in  which  they  made  confiderable  breaches  ^  and^ 
catering  the  place,  put  to  the  fword  a  great  numbo:  of  peo- 
ple, and  demolifbed  all  the  houfes  of  that  great  city.  After 
this,  Tim&r  fent  an  ambaflador  to  the  Amir  Veli ;  who  (nh* 
mitted,  and  promifed  fhortly  to  repair  to  his  mafter.  While 
the  emperor  diverted  himielf  at  the  pleafure-houfe  called  Ogit 
TattiTaylaky  they  put  to  death  the  robbers  oiK^raJbe\  who  had 
l^ed  the  Amir  Haji  Berl&s  and  his  brother,  Tim4r*s  near  re-f 
lations,  as  befcM^-mentioned. 
Ali  Bey  TIM  U  R,  having  made  feveral  regulations  in  the  political  flate 
revoift.  of  Khoraffduy  confiraied  M^ek  K^dzo'ddin,  prince  of  Her^^  and 
the  other  amirs,  in  their  refpeclive  governments ;  after  which, 
.  he  returned  to  his  own  dominions,  and  pafled  the  wintor  at 
fiqkhara.  But,  while  he  diverted  himfelt  in  that  proud  -city, 
his  pleafure  was  imbittered  with  the  lofs  of  his  daughter  T(^i 
Khdn^  called  alfo  Akia  Beghiy  married  to  MehemedBey^  fon  of 
Amir  Mujfa ;  a  princefs  who  had  fcarce  her  equal  in  beauty 
and  virtue  He  was  fo  deeply  afflifted  at  her  death,  that,  when 
advice  was  brought  that  Ali  Bey^  in  conjvnftion  with  the  Amir 
Veli^  had  befieged  Ali  Muayd,  whom  he  had  left  governor  of 
.  i .  ^  Scbzwdr,  he  was  no-way  moved  ;  nor  would  have  refentcd  die 
infult,  but  for  tjie  remonftrances  of  his  fitter  Kotluk  Turkhkn 
^ga^  who  urged  the  bad  confequenccs  which  would  attend  his 
negledt  of  affairs.    Roufed  by  the  words  of  this  princefs,  ho 

(P)  General  of  Ahul  Abbas.  (QJ  A  city  between  iVJ/^i?* 

taffah^  firft  of  khalifahs  of  the  bur  and  Jorjan^  dependent  on 

houfe  of -^^^«/,  to  whom  thefe  the  former  j  called  alfo -/^/ Jlf(fi^- 

princes  owed  their  ftdvan^emeRt.  ejin,    Lm  Croix^ 


La  Croix^ 


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C.i:  Tb^  Reign  ^Timtit^k:  t3§ 

aflembled  his  forces ;  and,  tho*  it  was  in  the  midft  of  wihter,     A.  D, 
fet  forward  from  Bokhara.    Ha  croffed  the  Jihun  with  liis     13^81. 
army,  over  a  bridge  of  boats ;  and,  havii^  paflcd  by  Mak-*  t  ^m^m^ 
hdn,  encamped  in  the  ndghbourhood  of  Kellt,  where  Jli  Bey 
ihut  himfdi  up }  nor  could  be  prevailed  on  to  fubmit,  eith^ 
by  threats  or  promifes ;  relying  on  the  mountain  whereon  that 
fortrefs  was  buUt,  which  he  imagined  to  be  inacceffible  K 
.  TIMUR,  to  decdvc  the  bey,  went  down  to  KsrAn,  de-Kclat^. 
pendent  on  Ahfwerd  (RJ  •,  where  he  gave  out,  that  he  intended/'^i'^ 
to  invade  MazAnder&n.    On  this  report,  AH  Bey  took  hwt ;. 
and  fent  the  horfes,  fhe^p,  and  other  animals,  which  had  been 
/hot  up  in  the  fortreis,  to  graze  again  in  the  meadows :  when 
on  a  fudden  the  emperor  Ranged  his  route,  and  returned  to 
Kel&ty  which  he  invefted  on  all  fides.     Ali^  feeing  himfelf 
thus'unexpeftedly  befet,  had  recourfeonce  more  to  TimAr'^ 
ckmency ;  and  promifed,  in  cafe  his  majefty  would  come  to 
the  gate  of  the  town  with  only  a  few  perfons,  that  he  would 
repair  to  the  gate,  and  aik  pardon  for  his  &ults.    To  which  the 
emperor  agr^.    The  walls  of  Kel&t  were  built  on  the  brink 
of  a  high  mountain  \  and  along  them  was  a  narrow  paflage 
among-  the  rocks,  which  way  was  ihut  in  by  a  gate,  and  joined 
to  that  of  the  town.    Here  the  treacherous  All  Bey  placed  men 
in  ambufhr  with  orders  to  kill  Timufj  who  went  to  the  place 
appointed,  with  only  five  horfismen :  but  the  adailins,  by  ibme 
mUlake,  ftaid  in  thdr  coacealment  beyond  the  time,  and  ^ven 
forgot  to  leave  open  the  door  by  which  the  emperor  was  to 
have  entered;  fo  that,  after  waiting  a  long  time  for  Ali  B^y, 
he  returned  to  his  camp. 

As  fpon  as  he  arrived  there,  in  Rahiyo^lawel  784,  he  ordered  Tcnfliiz 
the  troops  of  Mekrit  and  BaMgfhdn^  the  fitteft  in  the  world  reduced.    . 
to  clamber  mountains,  to  fcale  the  walls.     They  were  followed  Hej.  784.' 
by  Tiniur  with  a  troop  of  brave  officers ;  and  made  fuch  a     A.  D, 
(laughter,  that  Ali  Bey  promifed  by  oath  to  make  his  fubmif-     H^^* 
iion  next  day  to  Timiir,  at  the  gate .  of  the  town ;  which  he 
did.    But  as  he  \#as  indulged  in  his  requeft,  not  to  repair  to  "- 
court  till  next  day,  be  in  the  night  barricaded  the  palTages  by 
which  the  imperial  troops  had  afcended  the  mountain,  and  again 
violated  his  engagement.     Fourteen  days  after,  the  emperor 
went  to  the  fortreis  oi  Kahkahay  in  the  road  to  Bawerd,  wliich 
he  rebuilt :  but  fent  Siorgotmljb  KMn^  \^th  the  Mirza  Ali^ 


*  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  p.  208— 'Ziq.  c.  32 — 37 

town  to  the  north 
e  defart  of  Kivak,  f 
merly  called  Bajerd,  La  Croix 


(R)  A  town  to  the  north  of    Alfo  Bawerd  and  Iburd^  as  in 
Tus,  in  the  defart  of  Ki^jak,  for-    Abu'lghaKi  Khans  hiilory. 

and  ^ 

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A,  ly.    and  t&it  br^te  SA^fl^h  ^JTA  StMdti  to  bldck  up  th^  paRages  to 
\^H.    Kddt;  #hate  Ke^w^Wtt  t&rtd\ik:e1^^r/&f2.  Thisiaa  ftmotts  forttefe; 
^i^V^alkiMl  hiiatctffibld,  as  l)eifag  fiteat^  in  the  too^nWtts ;  and 
xtcftc^i^  im{Htghab)e,  tbr  \ti  High  Walb,  and  di^^l^  wKfe  aixt 
dwp:  iflirAsg^i(bh^iifkh(?iWr/'/ia^vrien^prcMde^ 
sitrnd  and  priaVifiehsv    The  ^rt^&iy  w^t-e  fo  obftlhate,  that  they 
would  itt)t  €Vadi!ia*e  th^  jAaee  at  tn^  commaAd  of  MiM  Kay  At* 
eMn  hlmfetf:   bttt,   !he  ^vdb  and  breaftWOrk»  beihg  bat* 
t(»ed  down,  th^  b^f^d  foi*  quarter ;  aAd  Were  intdled,  for 
tli«r  brav«?y,  itt  ^m«fl5  ti^6ojps». 
7heamtr       AbOtEjhr  thkVitt^  JMl^Mn  SMk'SkuJa^  king  ci  Pin  (of 
Vclia«i/    fHpir  Perfia),  ftAf  oft^  of  hfe  principal  officers,  with  a  letter, 
tb  atfiif*  fh^  empe^r  ctf  his  ferVices  and  finc^Te  friendfhip,  ac- 
Obsipatiie*!  by  rich  prefects.     In  ^^vlth  ftft  wMeh,  Timar  feat 
dthers^  \/ifh  an  ^nVoy,  tb  d^And  the  daughter  of  that  prince 
fei-  toMifza  P/r  mheM^,'  fott  of  the  kte »Br7a 7>A^  d?*lr. 
AftiJir  thfe,  hemai»fefced  to^M*  Maz^d^Sn  ?  tit  which  netrs 
tJie  Alttfr  r^A*  had  rfec6tiffe  to  fiibmiffion  J  and,  pi^omifittg  fooa 
to  #e^jri#  K^  cotti't,  7?^ifr  withdrew  again  Wif  h  his  arply.  Mean 
itee  SheyWl  AH  BtthOi-  ttomited  the  wilfe  of  Kel&t  b  the 
rfight,  With  only  a  ft\^  domeftics  s  but,  ttkiftaking  his  way  iii 
thfe  dafk^  %as  perceit^  by  the  eiiemy,  who  began  a  bicody 
All  Bey     fight:  yit,  when  their  qiii\rers  werd  "emptied  on  both  fides, 
fuhmit.      fi^  peHbitts>  thro*  a  niBgJdns  ntottve,  brought  about  an  ac* 
coltt«3dAtidft.     M'B^  nfet  atid  embraced  the'Bheykh  AH  Ba^ 
Mdf ;  arid,  affei*  emtertainittg  Hm  fbi-  fevehjf  days,  went  'widi 
hife  to  th(*  imperial  caiiip  it  htdekh&n ;  •^herf  he  was  recdved 
into  favour,  at  the  interceffion  of  the  flieykh,  i^ith  whofe  bc^ 
ha^out*  on  this  6cedfioh  il^ir  Was  highly  pleafed. 
Put  n  The  eihperoi*,  haiKtig  how  intirefy  reduced  the  kingdom 

dgafl^*  af  KktifaJSn  utidei*  the  obedience  of  the  Mfrza  Miran  SMb, 
•  dtfrtiiflfed  his  troops,  aild  hailed  to  his  capital.  All  Bey,  with 
the  Amir  Otnvri,  dnd  his  brother  Mdlek  Mehtm^d,  fans  of 
M^Uk  KdyiWddhi,  Were  fent  bound  to  the  MirZi  OtnatSheykh 
at  Andekh^  .-.  but  ;^/4Arl  himfelf,  and  his  ddeft  fon  Pit  Mthe- 
med,  were  kept  at  Satnarkant.  Thefe  were  all  put  to  death,  ex- 
cept Ptr  Mehertted,  on  the  following  occafion.  During  the  win- 
ter, MAfeU  Mehemed,  foh  of  MAM  fakrd^Mn  (S),  to  whotf 
Titnir,  ihj^ty  df  his  poverty,  had  given  the  government  of 
G<ywr ;  being  joined  by  Ahltfa'id  Efpahed,  Whortt  that  monarch 
had  alfo  releafed  out  of  prifoii,  marched  to  Herat  with  a  troop 

*  Hift.  Tim.  Bck,  p.  219 — 227.  c.  37-^39. 

(S)  This  Mdkk  Mehemd  and    td  Mdlek  Uvjfayn,  father  of  Ui- 
his  brother  were  coufin-germans    hk  Kayazodiitu 

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C.  2.  Tie  Reign  tf  Tim6r  Bek. 

rf  GowrPs,  and,  affifted  by  other  rebels,  committed  all  forts  of 
diforders.  The  governor,  and  other  officers,  having  retired  to 
the  fortrefe  of  Ektiaro'dMriy  the  rebels  burnt  the  gate,  and  ' 
put  all  the  Turkijh  garrifon  to  the  fword,  who  had  jumped  off 
the  walls  to  fave  their  lives.  On  this  advice,  the  Mirza  Mirdn 
SMb  marched  from  the  river  Morgd^,  where  he  was  then  en- 
camped, to  IferM  ;  and  flew  fo  many  of  the  rebels,  that  his 
foldiers  built  a  high  tower  of  their  heads  ". 

In  785  died  the  princefs  Dil/hadaga^  wife  of  Tim^r;  dnd,  Jetali/*. 
a  few  days  after,  Kbtluk  TurkhUn  j4ga^  his  ddeft  fifter :  famous  nja^ii* 
for  building hofpitals,  mofques, colleges,  and  other  publicworks.  Hej.  785* 
Thefe  lofles  deeply  affefted  him  for  a  long  tune  :  but  at  length,     ^'P' 
refle£ting  that  an  hour  only,  employed  by  a  prince  in  executing     '3^3^ 
jufticCf  is  of  more  importance  than  the  ivorfbip  given  to  God, 
and  all  the  prayers  made  during  one^s  whole  life,  he  applied  him- 
felf  by  d^ees  to  public  affairs.  Having  learned  that  there  weri 
fome  commotions  in  the  country  of  the  Getes,  the  greater  part 
of  whom  were  not  Mohammedans,  he  ordered  the  Mirza  AH  to 
march  thither  with  an  army,  and  dcfVroy  thofe  feditious  people  5 
then  to  purfue  Kamro'ddtn,  the  author  of  thofe  troubles.    He 
fent   after  them  Sheykh  Ali  Bahddr,  and  other  amfrs,  with 
io\ooo  horfe ;  who,  at  Atakom,  met  the  firft  party  on  their 
return,  they  being  defeated  and  plundered  by  the  people  of 
Bahrin ;  but  afterwards  took  revenge  on  them  with  great  flaugh*- 
ter.     They  all  went  back  together^  in  purfuit  of  Kamro^dMn\ 
to  Iffigbeul,  and  thence  as  far  as  Gheuk-topa  (or  the  Blue  Hills) ; 
but,  not  finding  him,  returned  in  autumn. 

Mean  time  Sheykh  Da W,  whom  Tim4r  had  made  chief  Cruel fsf^ 
commander  in  Sehzwdr,  having  flain  tiie  governor  Taban  Ba»  nijhment^ 
hMr%  the  Mirza  Mir^n  ShAh  laid  fiege  to  the  place,  and  flew 
abundance  of  the  rebels :  but  the  Sheykh  Dawd  efcaped  to 
the  fortrefs  of  Bddrabdd,  which  the  prince  fent  troops  to  in- 
Vefl.    On  this  advice,  the  emperor  detached  the  Sheykh  AH  Ba^ 
h^dr,  and  Uchkara  Bah&dr,  at  the  head  of  a  great  army,  againfl 
the  Amir  Veli,  prince  of  Maxtnderdn ;  and  marched  himfelf 
towards  the  country  of  Sifim  (or  Sejejldn),  which  was  in  re- 
bellion alfo.     At  the  beginning  of  Ramaddn  785,  his  army  fat     A.  D* 
down  before  Herdt,  whofe  inhabitants,  as  was  mentioned,  were     *3^3* 
joined  with  the  Go-wri  rebels :  from  thence  he  marched   to 
Sebzivdr,  which  was  attacked  and  forced.     Near  2000  Oaves, 
taken,  were  piled  alive,  one  upon  another,  with  mortar  and 
bricks ;  as  a  monument  to  deter  others  from  revolting,  and  pu- 
nifti  the.  inhabitants  of  that  city.     After  this,  he  fent  his  van- 
guard to  Siftdn ;  and  followed  with  the  reft  of  his  army,  which 

«  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  p.  a«7— 233.  c.  39 — 41, 
Mod.  Hist*  Vol.V,  Q^  con* 


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Hiftefy  rf  the  Moguls  and  Tatars.       B.  VL 

conflfted  of  100,000  warriors.  In  his  way,  prince  Sh^  Ja- 
lalo'ddin^  of  F^ah  {or  Pdrrah),  came  and  fubmitted  to  him. 
*  The  army  likcwife  took  the  fortrds  of  Zdreh  (T),  with  the 
flaughter  of  near  5000  foldiers,  of  whofc  bodies  they  made  a 
mountain,  and  with  their  heads  eredled  a  tower. 
Siftan  ie-  WhIsn  the  emjperor  arrived  at  Stfldn  (U),  he  raided  his 
Jieged'y  army  round  it  in  form  of  a  crown.  Prefently  there  appeared 
fome  lords  deputed  from  Shah  Kt^thbo'ddtn^  to  offer  tribute  to 
Tim^r,  and  the  ufual  cuftoms :  but,  during  this  confcraice, 
the  befieged  fallied  out  in  multitudes  with  gpod  troops.  Tt- 
mur,  who  knew  of  their  defign,  placed  2000  men  in  ambufti; 
while  an  amir  advanced  with  a  few  horie  to  begin  the  fight, 
and  then  turned  to  the  right,  pretending  to  fly.  The  enemy, 
who  were  only  foot,  encouraged  by  this  feint,  purfued  them 
vigoroufly  to  the  place  of  ambufcade ;  where  the  horfe;  rulb- 
ing  out,  after  a  bloody  fight,  drove  them  to  the  gates  of  the 
town.  Next  night  2000  of  the  enemy  fallied  out  tofurprifc 
the  befiegers,  and  advanced  as  far  as  the  tents,  and  even  to 
♦  the  middle  of  the  camp  :  but  they  met  with  fo  warm  a  recep- 
tion, that  thofe,  who  efcaped  being  killed,  witlj  great  diffi- 
culty got  back  to  the  town  °. 
saien,  and  Next  day  the  army  affaulted  the, place  on  all  fides,  and  at 
deftroyed.  the  fame  time  the  befieged  made  a  faUy ;  but  were  repulfed  bj 
the  Mirza  Alu  with  500  horfe,  who  entered  the  town  with 
the  enemy.  However,  they  were  oppofed  by  a  ftrong  party, 
who  fhut  thenx  in,  and  b^an  a  furious  engagement :  but  Akit- 
mur  Bahadr^  being  informed  erf  what  had  happened,  hafted 
with  1000  horfe,  and,  cutting  the  gate  to  pieces,  ddivered 
Mirza  AH  and  his  men  out  of  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  The 
king,  Shdh  Kothbo'ddtn^  defpairing  to  defend  himfelf,  came  out 
of  the  town  to  aflc  pardon  of  the  emperor ;  who  granted  it, 
and  diftinguiftied  him  from  the  other  princes  by  his  favom-s. 
Mean  time  between  20  and  30,000  of  the  populace.  Hiding 
down  by  the  walls,  advanced  to  attack  the  befiegers,  who 
repulfed  them  with  great  flaughter.  Then,  purfuing  their  vic- 
tory, they  gave  a  fecond  aflault ;  and,  having  nude  feveral 
.     .        breaches  in  the  walls,  entered  the  city,  which  they  left  dcfo- 

"  '  »  Hift.  Tim.  Bck,  p.  233—241.  c.  41 — 44. 

(T)In5//?tf»oriVy;wra« province.  The  province,  which  has  the 

near  a  lake  of  the  fame  name.  fame  name,  is  otherwife  calltid 

(U)  It  is  alfo  called  Sejeftdn^  Nimr^z,    (that   is,   the  foathcra 

' or SajfJidn,2LndiZaranj,  It  ftands  coxintry).  La  Croix,  Thfs  author 

on  the  river  Senarudy  a  branch  fays,  it  «  a  part  of  KhBra£m  % 

of  the  HifWwfW,  which  falls  into  but  it  is  indeed  a  diftinCl  pro- 

the  lake  oi  Zirth  {ot  Zargh),  vincc,  of  donfideraWc  extent. 

later 


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C;  i:  The  RiigH  pf  TvaSa  Bek. 

late :  they  not  only  demolifhed  the  walls  and  houfes^  but 
flew  all  the  inhabitants^  men/  women,  and  children.  Thus 
was  this  fine  dty  deftroyed,  and  all  the  treafures  of  the  Sif- 
tin  kings  carried  away,  in  the  month  of  Shawal.  The  king 
Kotbbo'dd^Tii  generals  of  the  army,  and  governors  of  pro- 
vinces, were  tent  to  Samarkant. 

From  Sijtin  the  army  marched  to  Soft  (W).  In  Htmr  Othrcitia 
paflage  they  took  the  fortrcfs  of  Tak  :  and>  >^hen  they  came  ridmad^ 
to  the  river  Hirmen  (or  Hendmend)^  deftroycd  an  antient  mo- 
nament  there  called  The  bank  of  MJlem.  Being  informed  at 
Kuke  Kala^  that  T4men  Nikudari,  revolting,  had  befieged  KiJ 
in  Mekrin^  the  emperor  fent  the  Mtrza  Mirin  ShAh'Ttxth  troops 
to  reduce  him  ;  and  altho'  the  Amir  Sayfo'ddin^  his  old  friend, 
Arove  to  reclaim  him,  he  continued  obftinate,  and  was  killed 
in  the  firft  onfet.  As  the  arniy  marched  by  the  upper  part  of 
the  Hirmen^  the  prince  of  Mam  KaH  waited  on  Timir  with 
prefents :  but,  as  Tim^r  knew  him  to  be  the  perfon,  who, 
when  he  returned  from  Siftin  with  the  Amir  Hujjdyn^  had 
wounded  him  in  the  hand,  he  ordered  him  to  be  feized,  as  -« 

foon  as  he  was  gone  out  from  his  prefence,  and  ihot  to  death, 
.After  this,  the  troops,  on  theur  march,  took  the  city  of  Mam 
Kati  and  Kala  Surk^  that  is.  Red  Cajile.  Then  arriving  at 
HezarpeZf  where  3000  of  Timen's  fubjefts  had  fortified  them- 
felves  in  the  mountain,  they  took  it  by  aflfault,  tho*  deemed 
impregnable ;  and  put  them  to  the  fword,  to  punifh  them  for 
the  diforders  they  committed.  The  like  was  done  at  Dehne^ 
another  citadel,  which  the  tribe  of  Tagdchi  had  feized,  and 
towers  built  of  their  heads,  as  ufual. 

The  army  proceeded  next  to  attack  the  Owgani  (X)  of  KindahSr 
Kulf  Soleyman^  a  fbrtrefs  on  a  mountain  of  that  name,  who  '*^^* 
had  lately  fubmitted,  and  were  now  revolted,  A  bloody  battle 
was  fought,  in  which  feveral  brave  men  were  killed  :  but,  the 
place  being  at  length  taken,  the  Ougani  were  all  put  to  death, 
according  to  the  laws  of  JengMz  Khin.  From  thence  Jeh&n 
Sh&h  YaH  BahMr  was  fent  to  Kandahdr^  which  he  carried  by 
aflault ;  and,  feizing  the  governor  of  the  province,  fent  him 
to  court,  where  he  was  hanged.  TimAr^  on  his  arrival  there, 
rewarded  JehAn  Sbdh;  and  then  difpatched  him  with  forces  to 
KeUt  (Y) ;  which,  after  feveral  aflaults,  he  took  and  demo- 
liflied.    Sijidny  Zable/ldn^  and  their  dependencies,  being  thus 

(W)  AtpwnofSifdn,  on  the        (X)  Thcfc  are  the  A*wg4ns^ 

borders  of  Zabuleftan^  or  Zablef-  A^wgwans^  ovAfgdns,  who  lately 

tdn.  La  Croix,    Others,  with  De  Caufed  fuch  troubles  in  Perfia, 
Pfftty  place  it  in  Zabulejidn^  on         (Y)  A  town  in  the  kingdom 

the  borders  of  the  province  of  of  Koran ^  nezr  Kandabdri  ditfer* 

Kendahir.  ent  from  Ktlit  in  Khorajfdn, 

Qjl  brought  I 

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Hiftory  cf  the  Moguls  md  Tatars.        a.  fl. 

brought  into  fubjeSion,  the  emperor  dUbanded  the  amirs, 
officers,  and  troops ;  then  fetting  out  for  Samarkanty  he  ar* 
^  rived  there  in  fourteen  days.     Soon  after,  a  fon  was  born  to 
hint,  named  Ibrahim  Soltdn  ;  but  this  prince  did  not  live  bqg, 
dyitig  very  young. 
Invades  T-      After  Timur  had  ftaid  three  months  in  his  capital,  to  pafe/ 
tttiafrefi.  the  delightful  feafon,  he  refcdvcd  to  march  to  Mazdrtderin* 
H«;j.  786.  He  ftaid  fome  days  at  BM,  for  the  arrival  of  fevcral  bodies  pf 
vA.D.    troQpg.  which,  amounting  to  100,000  men,  confidcrably  ia* 
'3^4*     creafed  his  army.     Being  come  to  the  river  Margib^  he  toojt 
the  road  of  Burkey  Tajb\  and,  coming  down  from  Sarah, 
-Went  to  Bdverd  (or  Jbiverd),  and  theirce  to  Neja  (Z),  where  h^ 
learned  that  the  Amir  Veli  had  fhut  himfelf  up  in  the  citadel  of 
Dur4n  (A).    On  the  way  thither,  his  van-guard  met  that  of 
the  amir,  and  came  to  a  battle.     Mobajher,  who  began  the 
attack,  was  /hot  in  the  face  with  an  arrow,  which,  entering 
near  his  teeth,  went  out  at  his  neck  :  but,  notwithftanding  hi^ 
wound,  he  ru(hed  on  his  adverfary,  and  cut  off  his  head. 
The  enemy,  feared  at  this  aftion,  fled ;  and  Tindr  rewarded 
MohaJljer\  courage.     The  army,  on  their  arrival  at  Dur^n, 
befjeged  it;  and,  after  feveral '  affaults,  took  k,  putting  the 
governor  and  garrifon  to  the  fwcrd  o. 
Aftarabad      From  D/irun  they  marched  by  ChUawn^  a  country  full  of 
df/irojrd.    villages ;  and,  paffing  the  river  at  Jorjariy  encamped  at  Sha' 
fiiman  :'  there,  the  two  armies  meeting,   a  bloody  fight  en- 
fued,     Thefe  (kirmifties  continued  twenty  days ;  at  the  end 
whereof,  the  Amfr  Veli  advanced,  and  fought  with  heroic  va- 
lour ;  but  was  at  length  obliged  to  fly,  and  many  of  his  bcft 
officers  fell  in  the  purfuit.     Toward  evening,  Ttmur  ordered 
thirty  companies  to  lie  in  ambufcade ;  and,  in  the  night,  the 
Amfr  Veli  (allied  out  6f  the  fortrefs  upon  the  right  wing  com- 
manded by  prin<;e  Mirhn  Shah,  who  niarched  againft  hhn; 
and,  at  the  fame  time,  thofe  in  ambufcade  fell  on :  fo  that, 
being,  put  to  flight,  many  of  his  troops  fell  into  the  ^its  which 
they  had  dug  to  entrap  the  enemy.     After  this,  the  army, 
marcliing  forward,  arrived  in  the  morning  2X  Afi&r  M>ad  (B), 
capital  of  Mazdnderin^  where  they  burnt  and  deflroyed  every- 

°  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  p.  241 — 253.  c.  44—48. 

(Z)  Nifayy    or  Nefayj    as   in         (A)  A  city  of  Khor^Jfan,  now 

Alu  l^ha%i  Khdri\  \i\^oxy'.  it  is  belonging   to   Karafm^    to   the 

called  alfo  Little  Damajkus,    La  north  of  'Nefa,  towards  the  ri- 

Croix  fays,  it  is  a  017  in  the  de-  ver  Amu, 
fart  of  Ki'vahy  bptvVeen  Khoraf         (B)  t^ituated  at  the  footh-eaft 

fan  and  Karazm.  corner  of  thi?  Ca/pian  fca. 

•    -       '  diing, 

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G.  2.  ^be  Riign  of  Timiir  Bek.     •  245 

thing,  without  fparing  even  fucking  infants.     This  war  hap-     A.  E). 
peoed  m  the  month  of  Shawal  786.  ^J^^.. 

The  Amir  yeli  fled  the  fame  night,  with  his  wives  and  chil- !— p^7*-^ 
dren,  by  the  way  of  Langaru^  to'  Damg^n  ;  and,  leaving  them  Lo'^man 
in  the  fortr^s  of  Shirdekuh,  marched  to  Ray,  or  Rey  (C).  '|  he  n^iored. 
troops  fent  in  purfuit  almofl  overtook  him  at  that  city  f  which 
made  him  fly  into  the  woods  of  the  country  of  Rujteynddr^ 
and  thus  efcaped.     This  amir  was  fon  of  Sheykh  Mt  Bifud^ 
one  of  Taghitm&r  Khan'%  coipmand«rs,  who  was  flain,  ^t  the 
fame  time  with  his  maftcr,  by  the  Sarbedals.     VeVh  who  was 
prcfent,  efcaped  ta  Nefa ;  where  at  length  becoming  powerful^ 
he  marched  to  4ftAr  obM^  which  he  reduced  :  while  Lpkmdn 
Pidi  Shdhy  fon  of  Toghitm^r^  fled,  and  wandered  from  place 
to  place ;  till,  lifting  into  the  fervice  of  Timir,  this  monarch, 
'   after  taking  that  city,  reftored  him  to  the  government  of  it. 

The  emperor,  leaving  above  two-thirds  of  his  army  to  win?  Sohdn 
ter  at  Aftir  oMd,  marched  with  the  reft  towards  the  kijig-  Ahmed 
dom  of  Ray,   Soltan  Ahmed  Sheykh  Avis  Jalayr,  who  was  then  //«/. 
at  Soltdniya  in  Irdi,  alarmed  at  this  unexpefted  approach, 
left  a  OiroDg  garrifon  there,  under  the  command  of  his  foo 
Akbuga^  and  retired  to  Tauris.     Mean  time  Oniar  Abbds^  a^  jjej.  787. 
tfie  h^d  of  threefcore  horfe,  fct  out  towards  Soltdniya,  in  th^     A.  D.  * 
terrible  fnows,  to  gain  intelligence.     The  enemy,  on  thenew^     ^3^S' 
of  his  march,  departed  in  great  haftc,  with  their  young  prince^  Soltaniya 
for  Tauris ;  but,  a^  they  were  not  all  gone  out  when  Otna^  taken, 
Abids  arrived,  that  commander  entered  the  place  fword  in 
hand,  and  mad^  himfelf  mafter  of  it.     Ttrntlr,  who,  in  fpring, 
came  to  Soltdniya^  having  fent  to  Shtriz  for  Sarek  Adel  (pne 
of  the  greateft  lords  })elonging  to  Sheykh  AviSy  then  in  the 
fervjce  of  Spitan  Zeyn  al  Abo'ddin,  fon  of  Shah  Sh^ja,  lately 
dead),  cqnferrijd  on  him  the  government  of  that  prpvlnce,  and 
the  territories  dependent  on  it  j  leaving  with  him  alfp  ^  army^ 
to  fnbduc  the  neighbouring  countf ies.  ,  % 

Aftbe  this  expedition,  TimUr,  returning  from  SoltMy^i  ,  • 

ptered  the  mountains  of  RufieyndAri  and,  as.  the  princes  of   . 
the  country  fl$d,  he  eafJy  bccaaoie  puifter  of  it.     T^i^  Amfr     . 
yelh  cm  thU  8^«,  fled  %lfo  from  Talus ;  whil^  the  army  turned 
'  towards  the  cities  of  Amol  and  Sarye   (or  Sari) ;  but  the 
princes,  who  pofleflfed  thofe  places,  prevented  the  danger,  by 
offering  to  pay  tribufe,  an4  obey  Lokman  Pddijbeh^  prince  of 
AJidr  abdd.     77mur,  having  thus  reduced  Iran,  as  far  weft- 
Ward  as  SohfiniyeLt  returned  to  the  fiat  of  his  enipire;  Kipjaks 
DtJRiNG  thf?  wmter,  T^katmifl>   (or  Toktamtfix),  ^)kin  of  take  Tau^ 
ftnt  an  army  of  n<^  9Q,oqq  n^cn,  by  way  of  l>^bend^  r>8*    - 

{Q)  In  s^ll  probability  the  antient  Raf^au,  or  Rages, 

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Hiftifj  0f  the  Moguls  and  Tatars.        B.  VI. 

to  attack  Tauris.    In  this  army,  who  were  for  the  mpft  part 
infidels,  of  a  mercUcfs  nature,  there  were  twelve  Jglens  (D), 
^  princes  of  the' royal  blood  of  Tujbi^  with  feveral  amirs.   The 
inhabitants'  of  Tauris  having,  by  advice   of  the  Amtr  Veli, 
yrho   had  retired  thither,   fortified  their  city,    repulfcd  the 
enemy  for  eight  days ;  but  at  length  the  army  of  Toktamijb 
Khdrtf   being  more  numerous  than  that  of  the  befieged,  be« 
jcamc  mafters  of  the  place,  where  they  exercifed  aU  manner  of 
cruelties  and  abominations.    Then  having,  in  fix  days,  pU- 
laged  all  the  treafures;  which  had  taken  up  many  years  to 
amafs,  they  carried  them  off,  with  numerous  fiares,  to  thdr 
own  coui^tryP. 
^orcftin       TIMUR,  when  he  heard  of  this  devaftation,  was  greatly 
redueed.     incenfed  at  it,  and  confirmed  in  his  resolution  to  conquer 
Irdn :  which,  being  in  confufion  for  want  of  a  fovereign, 
was  fubjeft  to  fuch  invafiotis,  and  liable  otherwife  to  fall  into 
the  hands  of  fome  other  power ;  which  might  prove  detri- 
A.  p,    mental  to  himfelf.    In  the  year  788,  therefore,  he  croflcd  the 
J 3 86.     JMn  with  a  formidable  army;  and,  after  a  long  march,  ar- 
rived at  FiriizMh  (E).     Here  b^ing  informed  of  the  outr^ 
committed  by  the  people  of  Lureftdn^  or  country  of  Lur  {Lor, 
or  Lawr)y  who  had  lately  attacked  and  plundered  a  karawan 
of  pilgrims,  paffing  thro*  their  country  to  Mekka ;  he  thought 
'  himfelf  obliged  to  chaftife  fuch  villains.    Therefore,  taking 

with  him  every  fifth  man,  he  marched  thither  with  all  expe- 
dition ;  ordered  Urujerd,  with  the  neighbouring  places,  to  be 
plundered;  and  at  length  reduced  Korram  abAd^  an  ahnoft 
impregnable  fprtrcfs,  whither  the  robbers  of  LAreftdn  were 
rctu"cd  ;  the  greater  part  of  whom,  being  token,  were  thrown 
headlong  from  the  tops  of  the  mountains.  Havmg  thus  fub- 
dued  this  little  principality  (F),  he  rejoined  his  army  at  NiJkt" 
wend  (a  city  not  far  off,  to  the  fouth-weft). 
f<tUt  This  monarch,  having  received  advice  that  Sok&n  JhrnfJ 

Tiaris.  falayr  had  raifed  troops  at  BAghdM^  and  returned  to  Tanris^ 
hafied  tqvvards  this  kft  city,  at  the  head  of  his  army :  but 
the  fokari,  not  willing  to  Urait  his  coming,  fled.  Troops, 
being  fcnt  to  purfue  him,  overtook  and  plundered  his  bag- 
gage.   'Hereupon  he  aban^ned  his  army,  acpompaaied  with 

t  Hift.  Tim.  Bck,  p.  25}— 260.  c.  48— Ji. 

(b)  Ail  the  princes  tyf  the    Ptrfian  Irqk^  a  few  leagues  to 
•^«  :  blood  of  Tujhi  (or  Ju^i)  *rc  for-    th^  N.  E.  of  Ik<^, 

^^t^Agltn,.  LaCr^ix.     -  -  (F)  Its  pdnce  y^2sMdkkJ%ei 

(E)  A  fortress  in  Kuhefidn^  ox    t»ddin\  biit  it  Is  nbt  faid  ^lax 

became  of  bipi. 

.feme 


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fome  troops :  but,  at  the  falt-pits  of  Nemekzar,  beyond  Nak- 
chivdn^  was  overtakei«gain  by  Elias  Koja,  fon  of  Sheykh  Ali 
BafufJr,  with  a  finall  number  of  horfe.  The  foltaq  made  a 
brave  refiftance ;  and  Elias,  having  been  difabled  by  a  wound, 
gave  him  an  opportunity  of  efcaping.  On  this  occafion  there, 
happened  many  diforders  at  Nakchivdn  ;  where,  among  other 
damages,  the  great  dome  of  the  palace  of  Ziao'l  Mulk  was 
burnt.  Mean  time  feveral  great  lords  and  ftiarifs  of  Jzerhe- 
j&n  came  to  fubmit  to  the  emperor :  and  a  fum  of  money  was 
impofed  on  the  inhabitants  of  Tauris,  by  way  of  ranfom  for 
their  lives. 

The  whole  kingdom  of  Jzerbejdn  being  now  reduced,  the  Axcrbc- 
court  remained  at  that  capital  during  the  fummer.     Here  Sa-  }^^  ^y 
rek  'Adel  (G)  was  put  to  death  by  a  ling  from  the  walls ;  and  ^^^^^^' 
the  moft  (kilful  matters  in  every  art  and  fcience  were  fent  to 
Samarkant.     At  the  fame  time  the  Amfr  Veli  was  feized  wan- 
dering in  the  province  of  Kaikal{*),  and  put  to  death.     In  au- 
tumn the  army  marched  to  Merend  (or  Marand)  ;  and  then  to 
the  river  Ur^s  (H),  which  it  pa/Ted,  over  the  bridge  of  Ziao'I 
Mulk,  one  of  the  moft  magnificent  in  the  world,  built  all  of 
ftone,  of  a  vaft  length,  and  flat  at  top.    It  i$  in  the  territory 
df  Nakchivdn,  near  the  town  of  Tulaha  (I)  :  one  of  its  arches, 
which  joins  to  a  mountain,  at  whofe  foot  the  river  runs,  is 
fety  cubits  wide :  there  is  another  of  fifty-five  cubits.    There 
b  alfo  a  great  gate  at  each  end,  made  out  of  the  rock :  the  whole 
not  to  be  equalled  for  beauty. 

The  army,  after  reducing  the  citadel  of  Korni,  and  town  In^vades 
of  Surmalu,  on  the  river,  which  they  found  in  their  road,  Georgia, 
came  to  Kdrs :  a  town  with  a  citadel  fo  ftrongly  built  of  ftone, 
and  difficult  of  accefs,  that  thofe  of  the  country  deemed  it  im- 
pregnable: for  all  this,  the  governor  Piruz  B&kht,  2LTurkmdn^ 
after  a  very  brave  defence,  was  obliged  to  furrender  the  place  ;    s 
which  was  plundered,  and  then  razed  to  the  ground.     As  77- 
nttir's  aim,  from  the  firft,  was  to  make  war  on  the  infidels  ; 
becaufe  it  is  recommended  by  God  to  Mohammed,  as  the  moft 
excellent  of  all  aftions ;  fo,  being  at  this  time  fo  near  Georgia, 
he  refolved  to  make  war  on  that  country,  which  he  had  long 
before  meditated.    With  this  view  he  decamped  from  Kdrs^ 
tho*  in  very  frofty  weather ;  and,  by  W5iy  of  A7//J,  arrived  at 

(G)  He  ha4   fled  from  the  lafii^or  rather  Jul/a.  The  bridge 

ooaitofthe//ii^^d^ffkings(orof  is  mentioned  by  TatMmier^  c.  4. 

Soltan  Ahmed)  tothatof  TYxvur.  p.  19. ;  who  tells  u$»  it  was  dc- 

(*)  Part  of  KJbiJ&t,  otGbildn.  ftroyed,  with  the  city,  by  Shah 


(^)  Ot  Jras,  o{ o\d,Araxes,       Abbas,    to    prevent    the   Turks 
(I>  CoiTiblf^  a  miftukc  for  Ju^    from  fetding  thert . 

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Hijlory  of  the  Moguls  and  Tatars.        B.  Vh 

Ti^iSf  capital  of  that  country,  which  was  well  fortified  with 
ftroDg  walls,  befides  a  dtadd :  but,  by  the  valour  of  Time's 
^  troops,  the  city  was  taken,  and  prince  MSiek  Ipokrates  brought 
id  chains  to  the  camp.'  After  this,  the  emperor  took  the  din 
verfion  of  hunting :  the  foldiers  firft  made  tl;e  circk  called 
^e  Nerk ;  and  then  performed  the  Jerk^  by  approaching  tOr 
wards  the  centre,  fo  to  inclofe  the  gameq. 
cndfiih'  The  army  being  encamped  at  Sheki^  near  the  mountains, 
4ius  it.  feveral  bodies  were  fent  into  different  parts  of  the  country, 
which  reduced  many  cities  and  provinces.  The  Lckeziam 
were  pillaged,  and  moft  of  them  flain :  the  provinces  of  Tenk» 
gut  and  Jkjeb  were  fubdued.  The  camp  removing  to  Kabala, 
or  fCambafa,  the  amirs  razed  Ka!a  Surk,  pr  the  Red  Caftle ; 
^d  from  thence,  by  Karabagh-furkab^  came  to  the  Kur  [ox 
Cyrus)^  which  they  croffed,  over  a  bridge  of  rafts.  Then, 
marching  to  Berdaa  (in  the  province  of  Jran)^  that  dty  fub* 
#  mitted  without  any  oppofition.  When  they  came  to  Kara- 
Hgh  (or  the  Black  Garden)^  Timur  fent  for.  Ipokrates ;  and 
ufed  fuch  convincing  arguments,  that  he  turned  Mohammedan, 
He  prefented  the  emperor  with  a  coat  of  mail,  reported  to 
have  been  that  which  the  prophet  Dawd^  or  Davidy  forged  in 
a  fmith's  fliop  ;  and  made  proof,  by  foaking  and  dying  it  fe-. 
veral  times.  Ti7nur,  in  return,  made  him  feveral  prefents, 
and  permitted  him  to  return  hom^  :  which  good  treatment  of 
their  princes  induced  moft  of  his  {ubjefts  to  embrace  the  7J%?- 
7)24n  faith. 
Shjrwan  At  this  time  the  Amfr  Sheykh  Ihr&himy  prince  of  Shirwin, 
(uimits,  diftinguifhed  for  his  power,  honefty,  and  noble  defcent,  came 
and  fubmitted  to  Timur.  Among  other  parcels  of  prefents, 
^there  was  one  of  eight  captives,  whom  he  had  bolight ;  and, 
as  fome  perfon  faid  that  the  ninth  piece  was  wanting  (K),  be 
prefented  kimfelfy  to  make  up  the  number :  which  aflion  fa 
highly  pleafed  the  emperor,  that,  befides  other  bounties,  he 
beftovvcd  on  him  the  kingdom  of  Shtr-wdriy  and  its  depend- 
encies, with  the  title  of  king  ;  under  which  he  became  famous. 
Other  fovereigns  followed  this  prince's  example ;  particularly 
thofe  of  Ghilan,  or  Kilan^  who,  confiding  in  tlieir  mountaiosi 
and  woods,  marflies  and  Houghs,  which  rendered  acc^s  diffi- 
cult, as  well  as  in  the  ftrength  of  their  walled  places^  bad  not 
obeyed  any  king  for  many  ages. 
pefeats  TiMURj  having  paiTed  the  winter  at  'Karabaghy  on  the 

ih  Kip-    banks  of  the  UnU  (or  ^lras)y  in  th?  beginning  of  the  year  785^ 


Hcj.  789.  %  HiA.  Tim,  Bck,  p.  3^60—260.  cap..  51— r4. 


jdks 

A 

IZ^7'  (K)  It  h  ^be  Cttftoxp  alfo  to  prefent  ain^  yiecea  of  a  fort. 

■  *"• .'  ^     'r  '  ^  "  ^'^       I 

Googk 


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C.  2.  The  Reign  of  Timfir  Bck. 

marched  to  Bardaa.  Here  he  received  advke  that  Tdhamlftf, 
khan  of  Kipjdk,  had  revolted ;  and  fent  ao  army  to  make  an 
irraption  into  Azerbejiriy  by  the  way  of  Dirbendy  contrary  to  ' 
the  counfel  of  his  principal  lords  2  but  AH  Bey^  and  Kazanfin^ 
who  had  killed  his  own  fiather,  having  found  accefs  to  him. 
perfueded  him  to  break  off  friendfhip  with  the  emperor,  and 
become  his  enemy.  As  foon  as  they  were  arrived  near  the 
Mr^  troops  were  fent^ver  to  obferve  their  motions ;  who  were 
defeated  :  but,  a  ftrortg  body  being  detached  to  fupport  them, 
under  the  command  of  the  MIrza  Mirhn  Sh&h^  Haji  Sayfo^d* 
din,  and  other  princes,  the  enemy  were  foon  put  to  a  fliameful 
flight.  They  were  purfiwd  as  far  as  DArbend,  and  a  great  num- 
ber taken  prifoners,  whom  TimAr  gcneroufly  releafed  5  after 
mildly  refl^fling  on  their  khin*$  breach  of  treaty  without  any 
provocation. 

From  the  Mr  he  marched  to  Gheukche  Tenghiz,  that  is,  Deftrty^  " 
the  Blue  Sea,  where  the  cmprefs  Saray  Mulk  Khardm  arrived,  Alenjik. 
with  her  two  fons,  from  Samarkant.  At  length  he  proceeded 
to  Menjiky  where  there  was  a  fortpefe  belonging  to  Soltin 
Ahmed.  Three  days  after,  his  foldiers,  in  the  night,  afcended 
the  mountain  adjoining  to  this  place  ;  and,  at  day-break,  at* 
tacking  it,  made  themfelves  mafters  of  the  lower  dtadel,  which 
diey  deftroyed.  Thofe,  who  guarded  it,  fled  to  the  upper 
fortrefs ;  where,  for  want  of  water,  they  at  length  capitu- 
lated, pnHnifing  on  oath  to  depart.  But,  juft  as  the  be-* 
ficged  were  going  to  perform  their  agreement,  fo  great  a  rain 
fim,  that,  in  twenty-four  hours,  all  their  ciftems  were  filled 
with  water ;  and  the  people,  having  quenched  their  thirft, 
pat  the  enemy  to  defiance  :  who,  fuipcfting  no  fach  contra- 
i^cntion,  had  defccnded  the  mountain,  andretumed  to  the  camp. 
Hereupon,  the  ficgc  being  renewed,  the  walls  were  at  length 
battered  down,  and  the  water  turned  off;  fo  that  in  a  fhort 
time  the  fortrefs  was  taken,  and  razed  to  the  ground  \ 

At  this  time  advice  arriving,  that  the  Turkmdns -were  con^Cb^ifn 
tinually  niolefting  the  Mohammedans ;  that  they  robbed  the  the^  Tur^- 
karawans,  not  fparing  even  thofe  of  Mtkka ;  and  that  nobody  mans, 
could  pafs  in  fafety  by  the  places  where  they  dwelt,  Tim^r 
left  the  province  of  Nakchivin,  and  marched  towards  them. 
In  the  way,  he  ordered  the  baggage  to  repair  to  Alatak  ;  and* 
when  he  arrived  at  the  caftle  of  Bayez\d,  formerly  calkd  Jy^ 
dm,  his  troops  pillaged  it,  and^carried  off  all  which  the  va% 
k4b;taats  had  left  in  the  adjacent  country,    Fafling  farther  to 


?  Hi(l.  T^m.  ?ck,  p.  269—278.  c.  54^58* 


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Hifiory  af  ibi  Moguls  aM  Tatars.        B4  Yl* 

fatrAOi  z  cextaan  nnmbar  of  heads  :  hat  ooMy  feAdiers^  wh^ 
were  unwilling  to  kill  the  Mu/uhndns,  bought  heads  of  the 
'  executioners,  to  make  up  their  re(pe£bive  quotas.  At  firft  a 
head  was  fold  for  twenty  dinars  Ku^ghi  2  bit,  when  every  qw 
had  the  number  he  was  taxed  at,  it  yielded  only  half  a  dinar; 
and  at  laft  no  perfcm  bought  any*  On  the  other  hand,  the 
ididiers,  who  werelefs  fcrupuions  or  humane,  killed  all  they 
met ;  zxAy  by  the  tracks  of  feet  in  the  fnow  which  fell,  traced 
thofe  who  fled  to  their  hiding-places,  where  they  put  them  to 
death*  According  to  the  r^ilers  of  the  divan»  the  number 
of  heads  amounted  to  70,000 ;  which  were  laid  in  heaps  on 
t  the  walls,  and  afterwards  piled  up  in  towers,  as  ufual.    This 

terrible  (laughter  happened  on  Monday  the  fixth  of  ZuHKaa- 
dehy  in  the  year  before-mentioned. 
FSrs  and       After  the  reduftigtt  of  IJ^ab&n^  Tvm&r  marched  towards 
Xerman    SMr^ :  on  which  vinoSfZayno'labeJcSn,  prince  of  Pars,  off 
jii/ds         Proper  Perjia,  fled  with  Jiis  troops  to,  join  Shah  Manjnr^  go» 
vemor  of  Tcfiar  (T),.hi8  coufin*getman :    but  bis  foldiers^ 
bring  bribed,  went  over  to  ii£z;i^r;  who^  fetztng  the  impm* 
dent  prince,  firft  imprifoned  Mjn,  and  afterwards  his  treache* 
rous  tnoops,  confiicatii^  all  their  efiefbL    Mean  tioifi  the  cmt 
V  peror  arriving  at  Shirdz,  on  the  firft  of  Zulhajeh,  that  metrch 

pedis,  with  the  whole  kirigdom^  fubmtttcd  to  him.  The  go- 
vernors/ aflembting,  igreed  to  pay -1000  tomans  (U)  K^egM; 
and  the  kotbah  was  read,  in  TimAr'%  ^name.  i^^  Shah  Tahta^ 
piince  of  Tazd,  a  dtiyd^P^r/^  nepheMr  of  the  late  Shah  Shpa ; 
Soltan  Jbmed,  prince  ^sl"  K^man,  brother  of  th^  fame.^ih^  t 
zndJhu  IJbAk,  his  grandfen,  from  Sjrjmn^  all  the  sdghbour- 
ing  fovetsigns ;  alfo  the  atabeks  of  L^.  (W),and  CurgMan 
Lar  (X),  came  elnd  nude  their  fubmiffion ;  while  the  troops  w»^ 
to  pillage  the  countries  which  refufed  ta  obey  die  fommons  ^ 

<  Hid.  Tim.  Bek>  p.  ^0—^9.  c.'6©-r^2. 

t 
(T)  Formerly  called  iT^^i^Z/r        (U)A.toiKum  ^s  worthtwea^ 
(or  Shi^ter)i  in  the  projiFiftce  of    Frend>  crowns,  ta  Croix. 
JUifwdz,  which  is  p^ft  of  fC^u^         (W)  A  nation  in  Khuxfftfam 
^fiin.  Ahulftda  faj^a,  this  town    La  Croix*     Some  place  them  ift 
'^s  tie  mofl  ^tient  in  the  world.    Perfian  Irak, 

Croix.  (X)  A  city  and  province  qf 


CHAP. 

.  Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


% 


C3*  TiftlUignofTimiir'Bek.     •  25  j 

CHAP.     m.  «387. 

^ars  with  the  Kipjaks  and  Getes.     Conqueft  of  the 

Countries  to  the  Euphrates. 

IN  the  interim  advice  came,  that  Tdktamijh,  khin  of  Kipj^,  '^?^'^'^ 
•*-  defeated  by  Tim^r  in  tlie  weft,  had  gone  round,  and  at-  miihKhaii 
tacked  his  doniinioiis  in  the  eaft.  His  army,  having  paffed  by  refuJ/iJ. 
SaganSk,  fat  down  before  Sabrdti;  but  were  obliged  to  raife 
the  fi^e.  However,  as  they  continued  to  ravage  the  coun- 
try, the  Mirza  Omar  Sheykh  marched  from  AndekMn  i  and, 
being  joined  by  the  troops  left  at  Samarkant,  crofled  the  SiMti 
(or  Sir)  in  autumn.  They  met  the  efieray's  army  in  the  field 
of  Juklik,  five  leagues  to  the  e^ft  of  Otrdr ;  and  fought  till 
night :  when  Omar  Sheykh^  carried  by  his  intrepid  valour, 
breaking  thro'  the  enemy's  army,  was  mifled  by  his  own ;  who 
thereupon  fled.  However,  the  mirza  cfcaped  to  Andekh&n ; 
and,  having  rallied  his  troops,  fet  out  a  fecond  time :  but, 
when  he  got  to  Kojendy  news  came  that  Jnkatura^  nephew  of 
the  Amir  Htyi  Bey^  of  the  tribe  of  Irkan^ty  fbrgetting  the 
emperor's  favours,  with  an  army  from  Mogulefthriy  was  already 
arrived  at  Sayram  and  Tajbkunf.  Omar  Sheykh  immediately 
returned  to  cut  off  their  retrea.t ;  and  came  up  with  them  be- 
fore Akfiket,  The  armies,  for  fome  days,  marched  along  the 
banks  oi  the  Sihun^  in  view  of  each  other,  waiting  for  an  op- 
portumtyof  engaging  to  advantage*. 

At  length,  one  night,  Jnketura,  leaving  1 000  men  in  his  TheGetcs 
camp,  with  orders  to  light  fires,  that  the  mirza  might  think  de/eatid. 
all  die  army  was  fHU  there,  marched  with  th&  rdft  of  his 
troops,  and  crofled  the  Sihin  in  a  convenient  place.  At  the 
faihe  time  Omar  Sheykh  advanced  againft  and  fought  him :  but, 
as  the  enemy  far  furpafled  him  in  number  of  fofces,  he  defifted, 
and  entered  Jndekhdn.  Jnket^ra  purfued  him,  and  aimed  to  ' 
feizc  all  the  avenues  t  but  the  mirza,  to  prevent  him,  fallied' 
Dut,  and  fell  upon  the  G^fes^  rufhing  into  the  midft  of  his  ene- 
mies ;  till  Tukel  Bahadr  made  after  him,  and  led  his  horfe  back 
3y  the  bridle  :  after  which,  Anketura^  weary  of  the  expedition, 
eturncd  homewards.  Mean  time  the  troops  of  KifjAk  pillaged 
he  towns  of  Great  BukhAria  ;  and,  being  met,  at  Bokhdra^  by 
mother  body  of  their  army,  befieged  that  city.  But,  as  they 
,vere  always  worfted  in  their  attacks,  they  raifed  the  fiege,  and 
nade  incurfions  through  the  country ;  in  one  of  which,,  they 

*  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  p,  290—299.  c.  60—62.        ^:?    :        . 

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tiffin  of  tie  Moguls  tf»rf  iTatart:        B.  VJ. 

burnt  Zenjir  Saray  (A),  (one  of  the  emperor's  palaces)  whi- 
ther they  were  conduced  by  Soltan  MahmAd^  fon  erf*  Kay  KofrA 
*  Kattdni. 

New  con-  When  'Timir  received  advice  of  this  invafion,  he  gave  the 
fpiefisfit*  government  of  ^hird%  xo%W;\Tahia^  nephew  of  Shah5%d; 
iltd.  that  of  Ifp&hhn  to  Soltan  Mehemed^  fon  of  Shah  ToMa ;  that 

of  Kirmhi  to  Solt^  Ahmed^  brother  of  Shah  Shujas  and  in* 
vefted  the  Soltan  Abu  If-hik^  Shah  Shuja^s  grandfon,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  the  province,  as  well  as  dty  and  caftle,  of  Sirjidn^ 
which  he  beftowed  on  him  and  his  heirs  for  ever ;  figning  all 
their  patents  with  the  imperial  fignet  called  Alttm^a,  that  is, 
the  mark  of  the  Red  Hand.    Then  the  emperca:  fent  all  the 
great  amirs  belonging  to  the  court  of  the  late  Shah  Shi^a, 
with  all  the  handicraftfmen  of  SMr&z^  to  Samarkant :  after 
A.  D.    which,  he  fet  out  for  that  city,  at  the  end  of  Moharram  790. 
>  388.     As  fopn  as  the  enemy  heard  that  he  had  eroded  the  Jihitn  with 
his  army,  they  thought  fit  to  fly  back  to  Kiijdk,  and  were  pur- 
fued  as  far  as  Bilen.     .  .   .  ^ 
CoTvardice     As  it  appeared  ftrange  to  this  monarch,  that,  in  the  battle 
tunijhed.    of  Juklik^  the  army  of  Tokatmijb  Khdn  fhould  get  the  better 
of  his  troops ;  he  ordered  the  amirs,  who  were  in  that  battle, 
to  be  exao^ined  in  council,  and  the  tranfgreflbrs  profecuted. 
Among  the  reft,  Berat  Koja  had  his  beard  fhaved  (B)  ;  and, 
after  bdng  fevercly  reproached  for  his  cowardice,  they  painted 
his  face  v^dth  cerufe  and  v^milion ;  put  a  coifFe  on  his  head, 
as  if  he  had  been  a  woman ;  and  made  him  run  barefoot 
thro'  the  city.    On  the  other  hand,  Kuche  MAlek^  who,  with 
thirteen  men  only,  had  attacked,  in  the  night,  300  infidels  of  ' 
Ankaturd's  troop,  and  delivered  feveral  prisoners  out  of  thdr 
hands ;  received  as  a  reward,  among  other  favours,  a  prindpa- 
lity,  for  him  and  his  delcendahts,  with  the  pri^dl^  of  TW-- 
kdn  \ 
Jfair}  of     In  the  beginning  of  the  year  before-mentioned,  T/mtfrde- 
Karazm.  parted  for  Karazm;  and,  when  he  came  to  the  river  Shedris  (C), 
Hej.  790.  learned  by  a  deferter^  that  Ilitmi/b  Aglen  (king  of  that  conn* 
try),  and  Sokyman  Sofi^  had  quitted  that  kii^dom,  and  re- 

*>  Hift.Tim.  Bek,  p.  299—305.  c.  6% — 63. 

(A)  Two  leagues  from  Aa;^«.  tions,  than  to  have  the  beard 
Which  Infultwas  revenged  after*  ihaved,  after  it  is  once  grown} 
wards  by  the  burning  of  Saray^  cfpecially  if  done  by  the  com- 
capital  of  Kipjdk.  See  La  Croix,  men  executioner.  La  Croix, 
hi*.  Tim.  Bek,  1.  iii.  cap.  60.  (C)  Which  runs  into  the  Ji- 
p.  C 14.  fj&n ;  and  divides  the  kingdoms  of 

(B)  There  is  no  greater  re-  ya^ata^^nd  Karazm.  La  Croix* 


(ffoacfa  among  the  eailern  na- 


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C.  3*  The  Reign  of  Timflr  Bek» 

treated  to  KipjAk.  Hereupon  he  fent  fome  troops  in  pnrfuit 
of  them,  by  way  of  Komkint  sind  Kiz;  who,  overtaking  them, 
made  a  great  flaughter,  and  plundered  their  baggage.  When 
he  came  to  the  capital  of  Karazm,  he  ordered  the  inhabitants 
to  remove,  with  their  goods,  to  Samarkant;  and  razed  that 
great  dty  to  the  very  foundations,  fowing  the  ground  with  barr 
ley,  to  punifh  his  enemies  making  war  upon  him.  However^ 
three  years  after,  in  793,  M^k  bdng  fent  by  Timir  to  iCi- 
raxm^  he  repeopled  the  country,  and  brought  it  up  to  its  aa- 
rient  fplendor-  He  furrounded  with  walls  not  only  the  cities 
of  JCdt  and  Kivdk,  but  likewife  all  the  demefnes  of  the  khan  ; 
that  is,  the  part  of  Karazm  which  Jenghiz  Khdn  gave  to  Ja* 
gatay  Khan. 

During  ThnAr^s  cicpediiion  into  Karazniy  Mehemed  Mi^Rey^kof 
reke,  fon  of  Shir  Bahrdm,  whom  he  had  made  governor  of  Mircke 
KdtUn,  and  honoured  in  marriage  with  his  daughter  Soltdn. 
Bdkt  Begum^  revolted ;  and  marched  to  Termed^  but  could  not 
take  that  city.     On  the  firft  news  of  this  rebellion,  the  Mirza 
Omar  Sheykh  purfued  the  rebels,  who  thereupon  difpcrfed ;     , 
which  broke  all  Mireke^%  meafures,  who  fled  to  the  kingdom 
of  KatUn.    Being  followed  by  the  mirza,  he  hafted  to  the 
oarrow  pafs  called  Darey  DarvAz^  to  feek  proteftion  of  Shdh 
Jalah*dMn  (D),  who  refufed  him  entrance  into  the  caftle  :  to 
add  to  his  affliAion,  moft  of  hb  domeftics  abandoned  him. 
Mean  dme  Omar  Sheykh  could ,  get  no  tidings  of  him  :  but, 
while  he  ftaid  in  Katldn,  waiting  the  event,  one  of  his  officers^ 
in  his  way  to  Samarkant  with  fome  domeftics,  arrived  at  a 
fountain  in  Katl^ :  where  obfcndng  the  tracks  of  horfes  which , 
had  gone  out  of  the  common  road,  he  had  the  curiofity  to  fol- 
low them ;  and  had  no  fooner  paflfed  fome  hills,  than  he  per* 
cdved  Mehemed  fitting  with  four  fervants,  while  their  horfes 
fed  on  the  grafs.    He  immediately  furrounded,  feized,  and 
bound  them :  then  fent  notice  to  the  mf rza,  who  ordered  him 
to  put  Mireke  to  death. 

At  the  fame  time  that  Mireke  rebelled,  the  AmJr  Jehin  and'B\iL* 
Shih  departed  from  Kondoz  with  the  tomans  of  Burulday^  Tay  rMday 
khdn,  and  j^perdL     In  their  march,  that  of  Btlr^lday  revolted,  >//^''C^^'^* 
and  returned  back :    the  amh*,   with  fome  troops,   purfued 
them  to  Bakalan,  and  pillaged  their  houfes.     After  which, 
hearing  of  Mereke's  rebellion,  he  prepared  to  march  agi\inft 
I    him  ;  and  hafted  to  the  Ji/?^n  with  part  of  the  forces :  where 


(D)  Prince  of  the  frontiers  of  flood  of  the  country  of  Li/tle 

^ibet^  inhabiting  the  mountains  Tibet,  to  the  north  of  Ka^rmrt 

between  that  county  and  iui//a/j.  \vi  Hindujidn* 
La  Cra/;r.— This  muft  be  under-  v. , 


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Hifiory  of  tbs  Mo^^atfand  Tatars.        B.  VL 

he  was  to  be  joined  by  two  other  commanders  with  the  reft. 
But,  as  foon  as  night  came,  Junayd  Burilday^  and  his  brother 
;  Bayezld,  revolting  with  the  fquadrons  they  commanded,  con- 
fifring  of  3000  horfe,  fell  on  Jehdn  Shdh,  who  had  no  more 
than  fixty  men  :  yet  this  valiant  general,  having  the  river  oq 
his  back,  advanced  with  his  foldiers  againft  the  rebels;  and, 
when  they  had  emptied  their  quivers,  had  recourfe  to  their 
lances  and  fwords.  Mean  time  Koja  Tufef^  fon  of  Olajta  Hi, 
fent  JMn  Shdh  word,  that  he  was  hajfting  to  his  affiftance. 
This  news  giving  the  men  new  heart,  they  held  firm  till  night; 
when  rzi/^  arrived  with  100  men,  and  fell  fo  vigoroufly  oa  ' 
the  enemy,  that  they  fled,  while  many  were  flain  in  thepw- 
fuit^ 

When  Tmur  was  on  the  way  to  Karazm^  Siorgatm^fh  Khk 
fell  fick  at  Bokhara,  and  died  there ;'  and,  at  his  return,  Soltan 
Mahmiid  Mahmd  (E),  fon  of  the  deceafed,  was  eftabli/hed  in  his  place 
eleSed       After  this,  he  married  the  Mirzas  Mehemed  Sok^^  his  brother 
ibdn.         Pir  Mehemed,  and  the  Mirza  Sh^  Rukh. 
fi^Kip-        At  the  end  of  the  fame  year,  Toktamijb  KhAn^  of  Kipjik, 
Jaks  de-     brought  a  numerous  army  into  the  field ;  compofed  of  the 
featedp       troops  of  Rujfia,  Chirkaffia,    Bulgaria,  KipjM,  Kritn,  Kaffa, 
Hej.  791.  jllan,  and  Jzdi.     Timur,  on  this  news,  departed,  with  the 
P'    troops  of  Samarkant  and  Kajh,  to  the  place  oi  rendezvous, 
*3^9'     fix  leagues  from  his  capital ;  from  whence  he  fent  orders  thro' 
.      the  empire  for  his  troops  to  repair  thither  :  but,  before  any 
could  arrive,  advice  came  that  Ilitmi/h  Khdn^  with  a  vaft  num- 
ber of  horfe,  had  croffed  the  Jihun  at  Kojend,  and  encamped 
not  far  diftant.     The  emperor,  without  waiting  lor  any  other 
troops,   contrary  to  the  intreaties  of  his  lords,   fet  forward, 
through  the  fnow,  which  was  already  fo  ddep  that  it  touched 
the  bellies  of  the  horfes.     For  all  this,  he  marched  night  and 
day ;  and,  fhortly  after,'  was  joined  ty  the  Mirza  Omar  SheyU, 
with  the  troops  of  AndekhAn. 
*imth^eat      TIMUR  then  fent  a  body  of  horfe  to  fall  on  the  enemy'* 
Jlaughter^  rear ;  r^nd  block  up  the  pafFages,  to  hinder  their  retreat.  Next 
morning  they  came  in  fight  of  the  enemy ;  and  unmediatdy 
made  the  great  cry  Sirun,  to  begin  the  fight.     After  a  bloody 
battle,  the  enemy  were  obliged  to  fly ;  and,  being  purfoed, 
many  flung  themfelves  into  the  Jihdny  to  avoid  the  fword; 
while  the  reft,  meeting  with  the  troops  fent  to  cut  off  thdr 
retreat,  were  hemmed  in,  and  the  greater  part  cut  to  pieces. 
Timur  then  returned  to  his  capital ;   and,  in  die  month  of 

«  Hid.  Tim.  Bek,  p.  305 — 315.  1.  iii.  c.  i,  &  feq. 

(E)  By  miftakc,  called  in  the  hiftory  Mihemed, 

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C.  j:  •     ThReipt  of  Tim^rBcL  .  .  257 

Safar  791,  encamped  near  that  city  j  waiting  for  the  troops   A  D. 
from  all  parts  of  the  empire,  which  arrived,  in  the . beginning    13^^' 
of  fpring.     In  the  month  of  Rabiyo'la'wel  he  departed  for  ^—V**^ 
Kipjdk ;  and   parted  the  Sihin   at  Kojend,  over  a  bridge  of 
bcwts,  at  the  head  of  a  formidable  army.     The  vaA-guard  fur^ 
prifed  the  enemy's  fcouts,  and  cut  moft  of  them  to  pieces  i  • 
the  reft  fled  to  Toktamijb  Khdn^  who  had  llaid  fiege  to  Sabr&n^  J. 
but  was  obliged  to  raife  it ;  and,  as  foon  as  he  heard  that* 
TmAr  had  pafled  the  river,  fled  with  precipitation  thro*  the 
defart.     He  was  purfued  for  fome  time  as  far  as  Sdrek  Uzdn,, 
on  the  river  Jrch,  by  a  body  of  troops ;  who  killed  feveral  pf 
the  enemy's  rear,  and  then  returned  ^to  Akfuma  (F),  where  the 
emperor  was  encamped, 

TIMUR  then  advanced  forward  ;  and,  having  pafled  the  Sarbcdal 
town  of  BilAn,  and  Sg,rek  Uzdriy  at  length  came  to  AMfun^  a  kingdom 
vilhge  of  Kipjii.     Here  being  informed  that  the  SarbedM  f^^^^*^ 
princes  (G),  and  Haji  Bey  Tun  Carbdni,  were  revolted,  with 
the  garrifons  of  KeI4t  and  Th,  he  fent  the  Mirza  Mirdn  ShAh 
to  KhoraJJirij  vidth  the  main  body  of  the  army.     In  his  way^ 
he  caufed  Mdlek  Ptr  Mehemed,  fon  of  Mdlek  Kayazo'ddtn^ 
prince  of  Her  At  ^^  and  his  fon  Mahmkdy  to  be  put  to  death  at 
Samarkant ; ,  fo  to  remove  the  caufe  of  the  diforders  In  Kho* 
rajjin.     He  did  the  fame  by  Zfiyn  al  Abeddtriy  prince  of  SM" 
rkz ;  fo  that  there  remained  not  one  of  thofe  Kurd  (H)  princes* 
fA  Bahrab&d  (near   TiJj)    he  met  the  SarbedM  kings,  who 
fought  with  great  refolutipn  :  but,  being  furrounded  by  the 

:  mfrza's  troops,  were  all  cut  to  pieces,  excepting  prince  Mal4k^ 
and  two  or  three  of  his  guards.     Mean  time  the  Amir  Jkb^ga^ 
fcam  Herdt,  who  had  befieged  Tui^  took  it ;  and,  tho*  Haji 
Bey  fled,  he  was  feized  at  Semndn  in  Kiimes ;  and,  being  fent 
to  the  mirza,  was  put  to  death. 

,^    Mean  time  Timur  was  prevailed  on  by  his  lords  to  quit  the  Timfif 
farther  purfuit  of  Toktamtjh  KhBn  for  the  prefent,  and  turn  marchu 

•  his  arms  againft  Kezra  Koja  Aglen  (king  of  Jetah)  and  Art' 
Mtira.     He  parted  from  Alkujhun  in  791,  and  tqpk  the  rolidHej.  791^ 
'  .if  mount  Urnak  (I) ;  beyond  which,  being  in  great  want  of    A.  !>• 

',  rater,  they  found  in  the  defart  a  vaft  meadow  covered  with     'i^9» 

i^    (F)  A  fpy- tower  in   Kipjak,  Sebzivar:  the  laft  of  thefe  kings 

i  :^KDtioned  before.  was  Keja  AH  Muayd^  who  died 

:.    (G)  S/zrheddl,  OT^erheddl,  {\g'  in  th&  camp  of  Th/jur.  La Crotx,     . 
y  ttes   Head  on  the  branch  ;  be-         (H)  Perhaps,   rather   Goivfi'    , 

Jiofe  the  fadious  among  them  princes. 

^  »ng  their  turbans  on  branches         (1)    The  refidence  of  Oguz 

f  trees,  in  token  of  refolutipn.  Khan,  founder  of  the  Mungltm^ 

•  Vclvc  of  them  reigned  forty-  pire  ;  called  alio  Urnak  Lornak, 
fe  years,  from  737  to  tS?,  in  La  Croix, 

^    Moi>.  Hist.  Vol.  V.  R  ke 


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Hi/torji  dftic  Mogpfe  ami  Taters,       B^  Vf, 

ice  and  {ho\y,  tho'  in  the  midfl  of  fnmmcr,.  which  relieved 
both  men  and  cattle.  Having  hunted  at  Aygher  Tali  (on  the 
'  river  !f/*),  they  at  length  came  to  the  town  of  Shipar  Aygherx 
where  they  defeated  looo  horfe  belonging  to  Ankaiurn^  who^ 
diey  l^rned,  was  at  Uronk^  or  Uronkyar^  another  town  ctf 
Jet  of).  The  army  hafted  thither  :  but^  the  guide  haviog  loft 
lis  way  in  the  nig^t^  Timi&r  next  day  divided  it  ipto  tiwo  bo«* 
i^y  c^e  he  kept  Wmfelf ;  ^d  ggiye  the  other  to  tic  Mirza, 
€imr  Sheykh,  to  feek  the  cn^myJ  After  pafling,  thro'  many 
iOWB^and  villages,  be  encampea  at  Karaguciur,.  a.  temple  of 
^  Mungls  'r  while  the  mirza,  taking  another  road,  at  length 
came  up  with  AnkatAra,  at  the  town  of  KAbak  :  where  he  de- 
feated and  made  him  fly  to  Kakamaburjt  (K) ;  leaving  to  the 
vi^r  hi*  cattle,  and  daughters,,  who  were  exceediag-  hcauti- 

iw/<7jdt«Jb;  0^^^  return,  he  was  ordered  to  go  hi  qneft  of  part  of 
the.  army  fent  out  before  on  another  occafion.  Hewas.acG^im-r 
^^\ti.  only  with  fifty  perfons;  but  they  were  aU,  princes^ 
amjrs,.  and  generals.  When  he  arrived  at  the  plain  of  Ichmas 
Ala^heut  (L),  they  met  with  800  of  the  enemy's  horfe ;  whom^ 
tho'  fix  to  one  more  numerous^  they  defeated,  after  a  hloodf 
fight,  and  returned,  with  their  c^tle  to  the  camp  at-JSuxi^-. 
Mr,  AsTimur  ftaid  here  to  fatten  his.hafes,  he  detached 
3O4POQ  men  toward  Jrtijh  (M),  in  qucft  of.  the  enemy.  Whoa- 
they  arrived  at  the  Irti/b  (N),  they  marched  along  that  ri?er^ 
and-  many  pafled  into  the  ifles,  and  other  places,  where  thef 
ileyr,  and  took  a  great  number  of  prifbners,  with  thdr  efibfts. 
At  their  return,  the  enemy  decamped  ;  and,  paiSng  the  great 
ii(<LXi,  after  m^ny.  days  journey,  arrived  at  Aymal  Cuju  (car 

^  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  p.  J15— 328.  c.  2— 5. 

(K)  A^  aiitient  caftle  on  the  fame,  perhaps,  wvth^^,ofteA. 

frontiers  of  Jetahy  and  north  of  mentioned  id  the  reign  of  7«» 

Turkejidn.    La  Croix, —  By  Tur-  ghiz  Khan, 
keftin  the  author  mull  mean  here        ( N )  Formerly  called  Jrtijb  » 

the  country  o£  Kdfogar  in  little  a  river  which -runs  thro'  all  thc^ 

Btkh6rU\  which  is  fo  called  at  country  of  J  a  ah   and  Ui^ 

one  time  by  the  oriental  writers,  ejldtiy  and  falls  into  the  Ohi,  U 

becauie  Kajhgar  was  the  refi-  Crpix.'^By  Mogulefian^  is  not  to 

denceof  the  khans  of  the7»r^x.  be  underftood  the  antient  coun- 

(L)  A  plain  in  Jetah,  near  try  of  the  Mun^h^  to  the  caft  of 

the  river  Irtijh,  where  there  is  a  mount  Altay\   but  that  part  of 

fait  lake.  La  Croix >  Tartary,  On  the  weft  fide,,  pof- 

(M)  Artijhi  or  Irtijh^  a  town  ffefied   by    the  Elutks  or  iW- 

^-Mogultfiart,  La  Creix,'^  The  muks^ 

pital 

^  ^  Digil^edbyVjOOQlC 


t.  3;  The  RJtign  vffimht  &Ic;  I59 

J)ital  of  Jetdh)  (0) ;  where  he  lodged  in  the  palace  of  Saray     A.  D. 
Urdam,  with  great  magnificence.  "3^9- 

ApTfei^  this,  Twiilri  in  order  effeftnally  to  root  out  the  ^^^^-^ 
Cetes^  divided  his  army  into  feveral  bodies,  under  fo  many  ^^^fi^^ 
geflferals,  who  were  to  take  difierent  routes  y  being  provided 
both  'vVith  fiplidesy  and  memoirs  of  the  rpads»  -The  Mirza 
Omalr^  3heykh,  croffing  the.riiountain  DUefhin  Andur  (neir  the 
lake  Artdkgheul)y  went  as  feras  Karakgd  (P)^  three  months 
journey  of  the  kaniwan  fix)m  Samdrkant :  another  parity  went 
to  the  town  of  Kam  Jrf,  and  valley  df  SMr^jIuk,  in  Mogul- 
eftdn:  KodMad  HuJJayni^  wiih  a  body  of  20,000  men,  ar- 
riving^^  at  BiMty  by  way  of  UricM^  towns  in  the  fame  coun- 
try, met  with  the  tribes  olBylgdji  and  Ilkeri  whom  they  ilc^ 
feated,  after  a  bloody  battle,  which  continued  for  twenty-four 
hours..  -Thofc,  who  efcaped,  fell  into  the  hands  of  Trmrfr} 
who,  with  his  guards  and  houfhold  troops,  having  taken  the 
road  oi.OM  Kul  (Q_),  met  them  at  the  hill  o£  SichkhAn  Da- 
ban  (R),  and  cut  them  to  pieces.  A'  fifth  body  Went  as  far 
as  high  and  Cheveyar;  toivns  in  MogtiUftdn^ 

Several  amirs,  who  had  been  ordered  to  follow  Tiwifr-  In  KcfraKo^ 
this  expedition,  after  maiiy  days  journey,  came  to  Urdahan  ja  Khah^ 
(a  mduritain  of  Jetahy  near  Great  Bukharia)  :  then  drofled  the 
river  Jlbeile  (S),  and  arrived  at  Sutgheul  (T).  At  length  they 
advanj:^  to  Chicheklik  and  BalaykhAn,  towns  6f  Moguleftarii 
which  they  plundered.  When  they  aime  to  that  of  Molzt^ 
d4,  they  met  Vfith  Kezra  Koja  Aglm^  king  of  MoguleflAn^  at 
the  head  of  a  great  army  :  as  they  were  much  bferior  to  the 
enemy  in  number,  they  difnibunted ;  and,  tying  the  bridles  of 
their  horfes  to  their  girdles,  let  fly  their  arrows  :  they  fought 
back  to  J^ack,  turning  on  all  fides,  without  ftirring  out  of  the 
place  for  forty-ei^ht  hours  5  at  the  end  of  which,  they  made 
a  treaty  with  the  en^my,  -and  «ctire4  "to  Tulduz,  the  place  of 
rendezvous.  ^' 

(O)  Capital  of  yeiaffi    and  (R)  Daian'  fignifiei  a  mount 

frOTMicT  of  MogukJIan.  La  Croix,  taiif.   LdCfQix. 

— It  is  difficult  to  fix  the  fitua-  (S)  It  i-uns  into  the  Sihin.  La  ^ 

tion  or  bounds  of  thefe  conn-  Cr^/jr.-^Wc  rather  conjedurc  it 

tries,  according  to  this  author,  to  be  the  river  ///,  on  which  th# 

who  fcems  often  to  vary  in  hia  khan  of  the  Eluths  ufed  to  en- 

dcfcription  of  places.  camp,  as  wc  have  obfcrvcd  bc- 

(P)   A   toivn    in   Moguhftany  fore,  p.  231,  note  (I). 

called  alfo  Aramuth.  La  Crcix. —  (T)  A  town  Qn  the  bank  of        ^ 

Aramuth  is  in  Little  Bukharia^  the  great  lake' of  fwcct  water. 

near  Turf  an.  La  Cr$ix. 

(  Q )  'The  great  ftreain  of  tKc 
rirCT  IrtzJ^i.    La  Croix, 

k  a  Whim 

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Hijioryi  of  the  Moguls  and  Tatars.'       R  VI 

When  Timtlr;  ^vho  was  then  at  Keyti  (U),  heard  this  liesf^X 

he  joined  the  toman  of  Mahm^d  Khdn  ;  and,  paflirig  by  Kon^ 

ghcz  (W),  arrived  at  Tuldiiz ;  where,  chufing  out  the  hraveft 

r^joJ^^^^^  men  of  his  anny,  he  eroded  the  river  at  Uiakiatmvir  (X),  and 

^  #Ct^-       follawed  the  track  erf  JCezar  Koja  Jgien.     After  pafling  the 

great  dcfart,  he  arrived  at  KarabtUak  (Y)  ;  from,  thence  he 

u«nt  fo  Taherthfb  (Z) ;  and,  coming  to  Kijbon  Kay  (A),  dif- 

cQ^cred  the  enemy's  army,  wlio  fled  under  cover  of  the  nighty 

and,  as  they  topk  different  routes^  many  fell  into  the  hands 

of  Timurs  troops,,  and  were  flain.  The  emperor,  having  paffed 

the  mountain  Nayrin  Keutei,  purfued  the  enemy  as  far  2& 

Kt^ratfifhy  another  mountain :  and  thus  coaftraincd  the  king  of 

Jet  ah  to  abandon  Ws  kingdom^  after  fujfFering  infinite  fatigues, 

and  feeing  all-  his  warriors  cither  flaln  or  taken  prisoners,  as 

well  as  his  wives  and  children,  together  with  the  inhabitants  of 

this  country :  which  befides  was  intirely  ruined,  as  fiu:  as  K&lart 

Keutei  (B),  and  the, cattle  all  carried  away^ 

^^  at      After  this,  Timur  began  his  march  homewards;    and, 

fi^^:^.     wheahe  came  io.jalijb  (a  town  near  Bikut),  he  divided  the 

H^  •      immenfe  booty  among  his  foldicrs.     From  thence,  paffing  by 

.     vtbe  town  ©f  Kajkt^y   and  mountain  BUajiry   he  arrived  ar 

Tuldiiz  (C)v.that  is>  The  morning  Jhar\  fo  called  from  the 

beauty  of  its  fountains  and  paflures  :  a  moft  deBghtfiil  place. 

TThe  grafs  there  is  fo  nouriihing,  that  it  fattens  the  leaneft 

Jiorfc^  in  a  week*s  time.  .  From  thence  the  Mirza  OmarSheykh 

xl^  fc^t  home,  by  the  way  of  the  Iron  Gate^  named  Kaluga ;. 

j^^yond  which  he  met  the  prince  Kitblik^  one  of  the  great  amirs 

c  the  Geiesy  whom  he  defeated  witli  great  flaughter;  and^ 

,  ^jjig  takeft,  his  head  was  cut  off,  according  to  the  hws  of 

^.fi^htz  Kbm^     The  mirza,  having  feizcd  his eficfts,  and  ex- 

.'    ^J)  A  town    of  McguUfi^T    frontkr  oF  Kalmd^.  LaCrolx,-^ 

r^     t\i^  Irtifli,  La  C^^^^-         /  ^  Thii^iuthor  places  Kalmak  to  the 

n^^tif)  ^ton  rvrCirf^Ki^y/tf^/on     north  of  the  river -^;w«r  or-S^- 

/,l;i -  r^  ^^®  gi^cat  lake  j^trai    ghalian. 
!^    /.      '      ^0'*.— It  fignifies         (B)  A  mountain,  at  the  cxtre- 
'^W  li^  ^f  ^^^  '^urks.     Perhaps  ,  m'ity  of  Mogulcfan,  towards  G/- 
^l^    CaX^^  called  above,  Jnak    na.  La  Croix* 
tl^e.  y  (C)   Diflant  from   Snrnarkant 

^^  V*^  A  P^^'^S^  over  the  river    ^vo  months  journey  ofthekara- 
j.y -tf  T^^'%'^^':/^^'^-  la  Croix.   .  wan,  or  480  leagues,  at  the  rare 
fv\  A  famous  fountain  at  the     of  eight  leagues  per  day.    ItJ5 
rStl^  the  mountain  Benghiar.     called  Cyalis,  in  the  travels  of 
r    IX'  Bcnedia  Goes  th«  Jefuit  toKata;f, 

^-,%T  A  villasc  dependent  on     and  is  in  the  road  from  i?///W  to 
i^lthrom.  Li  Crcil,  China,  La  Croix,    This  is  called 

T A>  A  village  in  MoguUPan,    the  Greater  TulJuz. 
V^'  "^         *•  *  terminated 


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C.  3-'  The  Re/^»  of  TimHirBck.  t€i 

terminated  his  fubjefts,  continued  his  route  by  Kuzan  (D)^  A.  D. 
Ucheferman  (E),  and  the  great  city  of  Kifljgar  (F) ;  from  'S^g. 
whence  at  length  he  am ved  at  ^W^ifiin  *.  c—^^^*^^. 

TIMUR,  having  finiihed  his  expedition  againfl:  the  Getes^  Returns  u 
left  Kechlk  TulduZy  or  the  Leffer  TulduZy  in  order  to  return,  ^^"^^r-     ^ 
after  a  march  of  above  looo  leagues.     When  he  came  to  Oluk        ' 
TulduZy  or  the  Greater  Tulduz  (G),  he  made  a  magnificent  en- 
tertainment for  the  generals  and  officers  of  his  army ;  on  whonar 
he  bellowed  xobes  of  honour,  and  belts  adorned  with  pre-, 
•cious  ftones.     Then  fettiqg  forward  the  fixteenth  of  Shaaban; 
he  arrived  .at  Saniarkant  the  fev^nth  of  RamAzdfi,  that  is,  iiv 
twenty-two  days^  though  reckoned  two  nK)nths  journey  by 
Jcarawan.     In  winter  he  weat  to  Bokhara ;  and  paffed'  th^fea-   ' 
fon  at  Gbeul'fcrketiy^  near  that  city,  where  he  took  the  diver- 
Con  of  fowling ;  the  ponds  being  ftocked  with  an  Incredible 
number  of  fwans,  and  other  kinds  of  bird^*     Hei?e  he  gave 
the  princefs  SgltAyi  ^akt  Begi&my  widow  of  Mepeke,  to  the  Amir 
Solcyman  Shhh  ;  and  married  the  young  Mirza  Abubekr  to  tho 
daughter  of  the  Amir  Haji  Sayfoddtn  :  -but  the  joy  on  thef© 
occaiions  was  allayed  by  the  death  pf  Kudak  Khutduy  his  fa- 
ther's widow.      '  . 

W.H£N  winter  was  o\ser,  TimJir  went  to  encamp  at  J^mr,.  PJitical 
in  the  meadow  of  Kajb^  on  the  bank  of  the  i^iver  Kojhka  {H).' regulation: 
As  the  officers  were  become  very  rich  by  the  fpoil  they  had  Hej.  792. 
gotten  in  the  wars,  he  thought  it  advifeable  to  augment  the    ^'  ^' 
regiments ;  that,  by  increafing  the  expences  of  the  conim4nd-     '  ^^^' 
exSy  he  might  diminifh  their  wealth,  which  might  feduce  them- 
from  thdr  obedience.     For  this  purpofe,  he  alflembled  the  ku- 
rultay  in  792  :  which  being  over,  he  gave  the  grandees  a^io- 
ther  jnagnificent  feaft ;    and^   oa  thifii  occafion,  married  hi^  ,♦ 

grandfon,  the  Mirza  Omar  Sheykhy  %o  the  princefs  Sevinj  Kot- 
iuk  Aga^  daughter  of  Sheyrin  Bey  Aga^  who  was  very  hand- 
ibme.     After  this,  he  difmifled  the  aflembly,  and  returned  to' 

«    Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  p.  328—338.  c.  5,  &feq. 

-(D)  A  town  oiTehet,  ot  Tibet,  fided  there  for  fomc  time  before 

LaCroix. — Hisroutecouldnot,in  the   reign  oi  Jenghtx  Kkdn,  it 

«ttr  opinion,  lie  near  that  ooun-  has  been  called  the  capiul  of 

try.  furhji^n^  of  which  if  cnade  a 

{E)  A  town  cf  Turkejljdn,  La  part. 
Cr^/x.— That  is,  of  Kdjhgar,  (G)  That  menttoned  before. 

(F)  Capital  of  T'ar/J^/iw.    La        (H)*It  runs   into  the  Tum^ 

4Zroix. — Properly  capital  of  the  which  falls  into  the  Jilmn.     La 

.country  of  the  fame  name :  but  Croix^      • 
tte  khans  of  the  firix  having  re- 


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2^2  Hifiory  of  the  Moguls  and  Tatars.       B.  VI, 

A.  b.  Samarkant :  but,  in  a  few  days,  came  down  to  the  oieadow 
1390.  of 'i?^<jz/^^*,  without  that  city. 
^^-^"^■^  At  the  beginning  of  the  fame  year,  the  emperor  fent  an 
Kamro'd-  ^j^y  jj^^^  ^^ic  country  of  the  Getes^  under  command  of  the 
i^y '*"  ?^'"^  Soieymdn  Shtih,  Kodadad  Hupyn,  Shamffddtn  JbUs,  and 
r^  his  brother  C>zw4>2.     Having  crofled  the  Sihun    (or  Sir)  at 

Tdjbkunfy  they  marched  to  IJ/igheitl  (I),  and  from  thence  to 
Gheuktopa  (a  hill  mentioned  before)  •,  from  thence  they  took 
the  road  of  the  naountain  Jrjaku  (K),  deftroying  the  country, 
flkying  or  inflaving  the  pepple,  and  .carrying  away  their  efFefts. 
Thus  they  went  thro'  all  the  provinces  of  the'  Getesy  and  ad- 
vanced as  far  as  Al  Mdlegh  •,  v/herc,  having  fwam  over  the 
fiver  Jbeile  (L),  th^y  arrived  at  Karatdl,  a  hord  belongiflg 
to  Ankatura,  There  being  informed  that  400  men,  detacKcd 
before  to  get  intelligence,  had  met  with  Kamro*ddhi ;  that  mod 
pi  the  foldiers  on  each  fide  were  flain,  and  that  the  faid  prince 
had  marched  towards  Ichna  Buchna  (M),  they  departed  in 
fearch  of  him ;  and,  having  pafled  thro'  that  town,  arrived  a^ 
Vker  Kaptaji,  another ;  where  they  left  their  baggage,  and 
f  ode  poft  towards  the  frti/h.  When  they  came  to  that  river, 
tiiey  learned  that  Kamro'ddtn  had  crofled  it,  and  was  gone  to- 
y^dxds  Tawlas  (N),  into  the  woods  wher^  fables  and  ermins 
ate  found.  The  amirs  pafled  the  Irtijb  in  the  rafts  and  boats 
which  the  enemy,  had  left  behind;  and  marked  their  arms  with 
fire'  on  the  pine-ti*ees,  as  an  evidence  tp  fucceeding  ages  of 
their  conqiiefts  beyond  that  river.  A^ter  they  had  been  abfent 
fix  months,  they  returned  by  jit^n  Kawrke,  a  town  op  the 
great  lake  of  Atrak  Gheul  (O),  where  there  is  a  great  road 
made  along  its  bank$  ^ 
Timftr/«-  Iii  autumn  Timur  got  ready  hi$  troops  to  make  war  in  Kip-, 
'vades  j^k.  Having  yifited  the  tomb  of  Sh^kh  Majlahet^  where  hurny 
^ipjak.  miracles  are  faid  to  be  wrought,  he  crofled  the  Sibun  at  Ko- 
jend ;  and  went  to  Tqfhkunty  between  Barftn  and  Chinas ,  whl\ 

f  Hill.  Tim.  Bek,  p.  338—3^7.  c.  7—9. 

(I)    A  lake  n^ar  Berkef,   in         (M)  A  tow^  of  TurJ^e/aft.  Zk 

Jetah.  '  Croix,     Thh  is  TurLr/tdn  iniiit 

'    (K)  In  Jet4ib,nt2S  Al  Makg.  large  fenfe  bcfore.mentioned. 
La  Croix,         .      '  (N )  A  town  of  TMrtary.    La 

(L)  Which 'difcharges   itfiftlf  Croix, ':^? rltr  IFilUam  de  Rulru- 

into  the  SHiin,  La  Croix-^  Bu|  qjdifi  mentipns  a  town,  in  hi? 

MMaleg  is  at  a  great  diiflance  jourjiey  thro'T^rZ/ir;,  called  ?tf- 

jrom  that  river:  which  Circum-  ias-,  but  whether  th?  fame  widi 

fiance  fcenjs  to  confirin  whatWjO  this,  we  cannot  determine, 
have  faid  in  a  former  note,  coii-        (O)  In  Turkeftdn,  on  the  bor- 

^erning  the  river  Abeile.  ^^'ipf  Mozuleftdu.  La  Croix 


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C  i2  The  Reign  ofTimtv  Bclc  «<3 , 

<Wigft  lo  pafs  the  winter  m  that  city,  -where  he  lay  danger-  Hcj.^93. 
<»ifiy  fick  for  foi'ty  days.     On  his  recovjery,  the  Mirzia  Miran     '  ^ 
-SA^*  ferdved  with  the  troops  oiKhoraJfan ;  «nd,  on  the  twelfth 
*A  Safar  793,  Timtir  began  Ws  march,  condufted  by  Ttmiir  ' 
Kc^Uik  Aglen^  fon  of  ??w«^r  MMek,  khan  of  ^/^y^^^ ;  Kor^e 
j^gkrij  another  prince  of  that  country ;  and  AydekH  XJziek. 
JHte  Irft  the  Mtrzas  ?ir  Mebemed  and  Shiih  Rukh  to  ^bvekn  thie 
fem|Mre  of  Jagatay  in  his  abfence  ;  and  fent  away  all  tne  la- 
dies, excepting  kic  favourite  ^©Itana  Chulpan  Mulk  Jga^,  da^Jig}^  ^ 
tcr  of  Haji  Bey,  of  /^<2*, 

When  they  arrived  nt  KAra  Suman  (a  town  of  KiQd)i%  Refufes  m 
jambafladors  arrived  from  Toktamtjh  KhAn,  wkh  a  letter ;  and  trnth- 
prefented  him  with  a  fhonkar  (P),  and  nine  very  fleet  horfes.  dnrm* 
Altho'  Ttmur  took  the  bird  in  his  hand,  he  fhewed  the  ambaf- 
iadcn^  no  marks  of  a  good  reception.  In  anfwer  to  their 
maft^r's  letter,  which  b^ged  pardon  for  what  was  paffed, 
and  prdnjifcd  fubmiflton  for  the  future  ;  after  reproaching  his 
ii^[ratltcde,  and  ^D^each  of  oath,  he  feid,  Toktamtjh  was  not 
to  be  irufted  :  however,  that,  if  he  fincerely  defired  peace,  h^ 
ihonldiend  Ah  Bey^  his  firfl:  minifter,  to 'treat  withiiis  gteat 
lamik-s.  He  then  regaled  them.,  and  gave  them  vefts  of  gold 
brocadic.  They  werjc  ordeted  to  follow  the  army ;  which, 
March  the  fifth,  fet  forward  to  conquer;  the  empire  of  TuJhL 
They  paflfed  by  Yajft^  Karachoh  (Q^),  and  SahrAn :  but,  in  three 
•weeks,  for  want  -of  water,  the  horfes  were  reduced  to  extre- 
mity. At  length,  on  the  twenty-fixth,  they  arrivjed  sat  Sarek 
Vzan^  where,  the  river  bang  high,  their  want  was  fuppUed, 
Ha^ng  fwam  avisr  the  ftream,  they  continued  their  march  m 
the  great  defaft ;  and  encamped  in  places  where  there  were 
wells,  to  avc»d  th^  Uke  inconvenient  p.  Here  two  fervants  Bed 
to  the -enemy. 

On  the  ninth  of  A^ril  they  came  to  a  mountain  called  iCu-  His  armf 
ahek  TM;  and,  in  two  nights  and  one  day,  to  Ukik  Tak  (RJ  ;  di/treffei, 
from  whence  he  viewed  the  vaft  defart  of  Kipjak,  which,  for 
its  extent  and  verdprc,  looked  like  the  fea^  Tliere  he  ordered 
a  ftone  ob^lift  to  be  erefted,  wjth  the  date  of  Hs  expedition 
frat  thdreon.  From  thence  tKey  hunted  to  the  river  lianjuk  (*), 
which  they  eroded  ;  and,  in  eight  days,  arrived  at  Anakdrgu 
^a  tribe  in  KipjM).    In  aU  this  fix  or  jljeven  months- march 

{PJ  A  bird  of  prey,  defcrib^d  the  great  mountain).   Thqr  are 

Vol.  rV.  p.  2^9.  in  Ki0dky   between  the  rivers 

(QJ  A  town  of-iS%*^,  be-  Arch  2Sid  lldnjuk.  La  Craijt. , 
Iween  Tenghlkunt  and  Sahrdn^         (*)  Which  runs  intothc  river 

La  Croix.   .  fik.  La  Crw>.— ^-Tbis  feems  to 

(R)  (That  is,  the  }ittl6  and  b^  the  Tm. 

R  4  ^<3» 

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Hijidry  of  the  Moguk  and  Tatars.       B.  VL 

from  Tijhkunty  they  had  not  met  with  a  fmgle  man,  oc  aay 
cultivated  land.     Viftuals  were  now  extremely  fcarce :  and  a 
'  pound  of  bread  fold  for  fixty-feven  dinars  Kopeghi',  fo  that 
they  were  forced  to  hunt  for  their  food.     Among  other  game» 
they  found  a  fort  of  ftags,  larger  than  bufFalos,  called  Kanda- 
gay  by  the  MungJs,  and  Bitken  by  the  Kipjd^s,     After  this 
huntmg,  Timur  reviewed  his  army :  on  which  occaflon  the 
^uftom  is,  for  cv^ry  cpmmander  to  pray  for  the  emperor  oq 
his  knees,  and  fpeak  an  elogium  in  his  prefeuce.     Among  the 
reft,  we  are  told,  that,  havmg  advanced  towards  the  regimeqt 
of  Mahmud  KhiLn^  this  general  (S)  fpoke  as  ufual,  and  gave 
prefents  to  the  emperor ;  who,  in  his  turn,  cafefled  and  praifed 
him  for  the  good  order  of  his  troop. 
Zee\  the         When  the  review  was  over,  Timur^  refolving  to  fend  a  ge- 
fnsmj.        iieral  to  command  the  mangalay,   or  van -guard,,  the  young 
Mirza  Mehemed  ^oltin  fell  on  his  knees,  and  befought  his  fa- 
ther to  honour  him  with  that  poft.  The  emperor,  much  pleafed 
'    with'his  refolution  at  fo  tender  an  age,  granted  his  requeft ; 
•  letting  him,  at  the  fame  time,  know  :  "  That  he  had  need  dF 
"  great  prefence  of  mind,  a  ftrong  conftitution,  and  perfeft 
"  aftivity,  to  acquit  himfelf  of  an  employ  which  was  the  pria- 
"  cipal  part  of  war,  and  on  which  the  fecurity  of  the  army 
**  intirely  depended.'*      On  the  twenty-fourth  oi  Jpril,  the 
hour  being  fixed  by  the  aftrologers,  the  mirza  put  himfelf  at 
s  the  head  of  the  fcouts^  to  go  in  queft  of  the  enemy.  ^  They 

found  a  beaten  road,  and  fires  in  many  places  :  then  pafled 
the  river  Tupal  (T) ;  but  no  figns  of  an  enemy.  At  length 
they  met  with  ten  troopers  in  a  wood,  who  gave  them  tidings 
eiTokatmiJh  Khan,  Aftet  paffiiig  feveral  lakes  and  rivers,  May 
the  eleventh  they  arrived  at  the  river  Tik  (U) ;  which  the  army 
were  two  days  in  fwimming  over',  becaufe  77;««r  fufpefted  am? 
bufcades  at  the  three  pafTages.  Six  days  after,  coming  to  the  river 
Semmir  (W),  the  fcouts  heard  the  cries  of  the  en^my ;  and  one 
of  them,  being  taken,  declared,  that  many  of  the  ordas  had 
.  encamped  there,  but  had  returned  as  foon  as  fenfible  of  Tirmi/$ 
approach. 

^etintef-       The  emperor,    on  this  advice,  advanced  in  order-;   and, 
f^gence.      May  the  feventeenth,  arrived  at  the  river  Jyik  (X),  (or  Jdik)i 

(S)  So  that  the  kh^n  was  one  Kifjdk,  which  falls  into  the  Caf- 

ofT/WA  generals,  and  behaved.  //^«  fea.   hfi  Croix. 
asafubjea.  (W)  It  falls  into  the  TVi.  Z# 

(T)  Which  falls  into  the  fii.  Croix. 
^4  Crotx,  (X)  Or  ^aik,  a  river  which 

vU)  A  river  of  KafJhSky  ox  falls  into  the  Ca^iah  fe^.    It 

Croix,  ^ 

which 


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C.  3 J  The  Reign  of  Timfir  Bck.^  265 

which  the  army  crofled  partly  over  a  bridge,  and  partly  by    A.  D. 
fwimming.     Three  of  the  enemy,  who  were  taken,  related,     1391. 
that  the  two  fugitive  fervants  above-mentioned  firft  informed  **— -v^^ 
Tokatmtjb  KhAn  of  Timur's  invafion  :  that  the  khan,  enraged  ^,^^^^*' 
at  this  news,  faid,  he  would  raife  two  armies' ;  and  fent  to  ^^^    * 
aflemble  troops  fix)m  his  camp,  then  at  Kerk  Gheul  (Y) :  that, 
expc<5ling  Timur  would  crofe  the  Tik  at  the  ordinary  paflages, 
he  idy  there  in  ambufcade  to  furprife  him.     After  receiving 
this  account,  the  emperor  marched  with  great  precaution,  and 
bad  lines  drawn  round  the  camp  every  night.     The  army  wa§ 
greatly  fatigued  with  pafSng  the  floughs  and  marflies  they  met 
with  in  this  country.     At  length  three  regiments  of  the  enemy 
came  in  view,  but  foon  difappearcd :    however,  the  fcouts 
found  a  troop  of  horfe  in  a  wood;  who  making  refiftance, 
many  were  killed,  and  forty  taken.     They  had  repaired  to 
Kerk  Cheuly  according  to  proclamation;  but,  to  their fui'prife, 
finding  no  troops  aflembled  at  the  place  of  rendezvous^  they 
wandered  in  the  woods :  after  m^ing  this  difcovery, ,  they 
were  all  put  to  death.     At  length  they  brought  the  fon  of  the 
prince  of  Memak  (Z),  who  had  been  wounded.   He  faid,  he  wad 
on  the  road  to  Saray  (capital  of  IGpjak),  to  meet  the  khan  ; 
but  did  not  find  him  at  the  rendezvous,  nor  could  give  any 
account  of  him^. 

Mean  time  the  fcouts,  afcending  a  hill,  difcovered  thirty  Meet  the 
companies  of /'horfe  in  armour,  watching  to  furprife  the  in- fiouts. 
vaders ;  and  then  retired  without  noife :  while  JykutmAr  flaid 
behind  with  fome  horfe,  farther  to  view  the  enemy;  who,  ob- 
ferving  what  pafled,  fell  upon  him  fuU-fpeed.  The  valiant 
amir  made  a  brave  refiftance :  but,  having  two  horfes  fliot 
aader  him,  he  was  furrounded  on  foot,  and  cut  in  pieces  by 
the  Ki^dksy  who  did  not  know  him.  His  death  was  followed 
by  that  of  Heri  Mulk,  fon.  of  Tadghiar  Berlds ;  the  famous 
Ramazdn  Koja  ;  and  the  cetebrated  MehemedErldt :  who  were 
the  greateft  captains  Titn^r  had  :  but  their  death  was  foon  re- 
venged ;  for  the  army,  advancing,  attacked,  and  put  them  to 
flight,  wth  great  flaughter.  After  this,  the  fcouts  of  the  ene- 
my appeared,  and  fkinniflied  every  day  with  77m/Jr's  foldiers. 
At  ler^th,the  two  armies  coming  in  fight,  on  the  fifth  of  Jufy^ 
that  monarch  ranged  his  army  with  great  care,  dividing  it  into 
feven  bodies :  and,  as  this  was  never  praftifed  before  among 
his  troops,  'twas  beUeved  to  be  done  by  fpecial  infpiration, 

8  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  p.  347 — 366.  c.  9—12. 

(Y)  A  lake  in  the  country  of  (Z)  A  province  bordering  on 
fiagayA  in  Kifjdk^  between  the  that  of  Sartr^  in  Ktfjdk.  La 
Woiga  and  the  Jdik,  La  Qroix,      Cnix* 

Tny 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


The  ep[^r^  gxvp  tb^  f:^9mm«fld  of  the  fkft  body,  vUi^ 
ierved  for  die  va|i-giw4>  tp  Solt^  M^JmtM  Khda ;  and  the 
Amir  Soleymin  Sh^  w^s  bis  lienteoaat-gieneral.  He  placed 
Or4fr  of  the  Mirza  Mebmsd  Softdn  at  the  head  of  the  fecond  di?ifio«, 
itf///r.  which  pafled  for  the  Wf^  bpdy^  The  third,  which  femd 
as  the  rear,  or  bpdyc^  r^ferv^  coof*fti^g  erf  the  regiment  of. 
guards,  and  tweaty  compgnl^^  of  feled  veterans,  was  coi^ 
dufted  by  Ttmir  himfelf ;  ^^4  poikd  behind  the  fecond  body, 
to  reinforce  the  other  diyifions,  m  cafe  of  need.  At  the  ijcad 
of  the  fourth,  which  ferv^  for  ^  right  wisg,  was  the  MJrza 
Mirdn  ShAh ;  \i/hofe  lieutenant-general  was  the  Prince  Mehe- 
Pied  Soltdn  Sk^h.  The  fifth  body,  defigned  as  a  Yan-goard 
to  th^  faid  right  wing,  w^  kd  by  the  Amir  Haji  Sayfo'ddt% 
who  ufu^lly  ^Qg^ed  io  the  moft  dfuigenous  enter]nriies.  The 
iixth,  coaS(ifting  of  the  troop?  of  Jodikkan^  compofed  the  kft 
wing,  and  had  for  its  leader  the  Mirza  Ornar  Sheykb,  Laftly, 
the  feventh  body  f^ved  for  a  van-guard  to  the  IdEit  wii^,  and 
was  commanded  by  Birdi  Bey,  fon  of  Sir  Buga,  and  by  /Codk" 
dad  Huffayn,  amirs  of  undaunted  bravery,  and  approved  coo- 
duft.  The  army  of  Tok^tmijh  Khin^  which  exirecded  that  of 
Tim4r'^  by  fome  companies,  was  divided  into  three  bodies,  as 
ufual.  His  o|5eers  were  all  priacses  of  the  blood  of  Tufi^ 
and  his  foldiers  completely  armed.  The  battle  began  at  dw 
^und  of  the  great  tnin»pelAV/r^/i4[y.(*).  T/w^r  prayed  to  God 
devoutly  for  fuccefs,  aod  Seyd  Bereke.  promifed  him  viftory. 
^he  fight  T*^^  ^^^  ^^^  Sayfo'ddh  Was  the  firft  who  rufhed  on  the 
iegitts.  enemy's  lei^t  wing,  and  overthrew  it.  A  party  of  Kifjiks  ad- 
,  Vaniced,  ta  att^k  his  rea*'  j   but  were  forced  to  return,  \ij 

Jch^n  SMh  BtiMdr,  who  marched  agiinft  them  with  has  wgi- 
ment,  out  of  ^  body  of  t^cferve.  Mean  time,  the^Qrza  l^rin 
$h4h,  with  the  right  wing,  put  their  cavalry  into  €onfufioo> 
^nd  overthrew  thdr  left  wing;  while  Mebemed SoHSn^  wMi 
the  maia  body,  broke  through  that  of  the  enemy^  Omar 
Sheykh^  with  the  left  wing,  did  great  execudoo  ;  and  Bini 
$ey^  with  Kpdadad  Ht^ayn^  put  their  right  wii^  to  flight. 
The  other  generals  had  no  lefs  fuccei^.  Tdkatmjb  Khin  ob« 
(erving  how  h^s  troops  d^nUi^d;  aad  finding  he  ccmld  not 
Y^ithftaad  the  fqus^Q^s  ^yliUfch  TimAr'  conBtmantied  in  perfon, 
^tacked  xh^^lAn^Oimr  Sheykh:^^!^i^^Q/i^^  tattapiarpofe,yct 
h^  after  fell  on  the  ord^  of  SMAz^  with  focU  ftsry,  that,  for  aB 
Sheykh  Tmiir  Hat>Ak"st  br^ve  refiftanccj.  tkisJOff^s  hsA  iieariy 
defeated  him,  rufhing^into  th^  middle  of  the  fquadrons;  and 
were  about  to  poft  tliemfelves  bAind  the  imperial  army,  with 
a,  refoUitio^  to  keep.  th«ir,  ground^,  and,  g*in.  the  viilqry, 

(*)  Of  a  9iw|(l;w«6  fi»$,  very  deep  fo\«;i4,  and  heard  iewal 
miles  pf. 

TIMUR 
Googk 


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C.  3.  ^ki  R^ig^  5f  Timjur  Bek.'  26^ 

'  TIMUR,  who  was  in  purfuit  of  the.c  )• 

being  informed  of  this,  turned  his  troops  c  • 

ibon  as  Tokatmtfh  Kh^n^  whom  Oniar  Shej  "^ 

gaged,  perceived  the  imperial  ftandard  m( 

he  loft  courage,  and  fled.     The  other  ge  ^^ 

example,   the  Mungl  army  ^as  intirely 
viftors  purfuing,  made  a  dreadful  flaughte 
leagues  together.     The  emperor,  having 
thanks  for  this  great  viftory,  and  received 
{lis  generals,  detached  two  thirds  of  his  cavalry,  tp  deitroy 
the  remainder  of  the  eneipy ;  whofe  flight  beipg  obftrufted  by 
the  river  Wolga^  very  fe^Y  of  them  efcaped  the  f^rords  of  theiir 
purfucrs ;  who  carried  away  theh:  woqaen,  childre 
and  other  efFefts.     After  this,  Kanje  Jglen,  Ttmm 
len,  and  Jydekf^,  thre^  princes  of  jthe  blood  of 
bore  an  antient  hatred  to  Toktamijh,  froni  whpm  tl 
obtained  leave  of  Timir  to  go  in  quell  of  the  tribes 
formerly  commanded,  prqmifing  tp  bring  them 
fervice :  but  Kt>nje  only,  who  was  very  familiar  v^'i^h  thp  em- 
peror, returned,  with  part  of  his  fubjefts  whom  he  fQuniJ: 
the  other  two,  afpiring  to  the  crown  of  Ktfydk,  fled,  with 
theh;  claps,  into  the  defart  ^. 

Mean  while,  Timur,  following  the  troops  which  |ip  had  ^f^f  '"^ 
fent  in  purfuit  of  the  enemy,  arrived  at  the  IVolga,  a^4  en-i^'V^*-?'^* 
camped  in  the  plain  di  Urt^pa,  wl^ich,  for  its  verdure,  and 
pure  air,  furpafles  all  others.    Here  he  gave  a  rnagnificepjt  fe^ft 
to  his  amirs,  at  which  was  fung  and  played  a  piece  of  inuflc,^ 
called  the  triumph  e/Kipjak.     This  plain  was  the  feat  of  Tuflf{ 
Khdn,  and  his  mcceflbrs.     All  the  army  had  a  (hare  in  the  di- 
verfiqns ;  and  th?  twenty-fix  days  fpent  in  pleafure,  made  the 
ibldiers  forget  all  their  pafl:  fatigues.     As,  after  this  viftory, 
there  remained  no  mor^  euemies  in  the  defarts,  or  the  ifles  p£ 
Wolga,  Timur  fet  fprward'on  his  return,  foJlow^4  by  a  gr^t.     ^ 
train  of  captives.     All  the  poor  men  in  fervice  of  the  army, 
who  before  could fcarc^  find  fuftinenc^^^  wei*e  now  inpoflef^ 
iion  of  fo  many  horfes  and  flieep,  that,  jiot  ablq  tp  9grry  ^ 
away  with  them,  they  \vere  obliged  to  leave  part  behjiuji  ftpfW^ 
gver,  they  carried  off  the  tents  of  Kipjqh:  which  ^e.  fixed, 
with  very  little  trouble,  and  need  not  be  tjak^n  to  piec^  a4;.dc» 
camping,  being  made  portable,  fo  as  tq.b^  carried  by  dromc'* 
daries  from  place  to  place. 

When  the  army  arrived  at  the  Ttk^  Konje  Jglen^  who  but  a  Timiir 
little  while  before  had  returned,  with  his  fubjefts,  to  the  returns. 
^mp,  now  fled  with  theia  into  the  defart.     Spmed^ys  a^tpr 

\  HifL  Tim-Befe,  p.  366-733 79«  c.  i?~H' 

the 

Digitized  by  VJJVJWVIC 


Hiftory  of  the  Moguls  and  Tatars.       B.  VI. 

the  army  had  crofled  that  river,  Timury  leaving  the  Amir  Haji 
Sayfo'ddin,  with  other  commanders,  to  conduft  the  body  of 
'  the  army,  and  baggage,  went  before,  through  the  reft  of  tlie 
defart,  to  Sabran  and  Otrar ;  then,  croifing  the  Sihuriy  arrived 
at  Saniarkant ;   where  he  was  received  with  the  ufual  fo- 
lemnity.     After  this,  he  began  his  journey  for  Ttjhhinty  and 
repaffing  the  river,  encamped  in  the  great  plain  of  Barfin, 
Het.  704.  ?^^^  ^^^^  ^^^y '  where,  in  the  be^nning  of  the  year  794,  the 
X^J),     Amir  Haji  Sayfo'ddzn  arrived,  with  the  troops:  fo  tha.t  this 
1392.     important  campaign  continued  eleven  months.  Towards  fpring, 
.    the  emperor  returned  to  Samarkant,  by  way  of  Kojend ;  where 
he  entertained  the  court  with  a  general  hunting ;  and  appointed 
the  Mirza  Pir  Mehemed,  fon  of  JehAn  Ghir,  governor  of  the 
kingdom  which  formerly  belonged  to  the  Great  Soltan  Mah- 
viM;  that  i^,  all  the  country  from  Gdzna  and  KMid^  as  far 
as  Hindtlft&n ;  and  from  Kandahar  to  the  river  Indus  (A),  called 
in  Perjian,  Ab  Send^ 
Marriages      As  many  princes  and  great  lords  begged  leave  of  hita  to 
€tlebrated.  marry  their  children,  he  not  only  cohfented,  but,  to  let  them 
fee  he  fhared  in  their  joy,  would  alfo  be  pi-efent  himfelf  at 
their  feafts.     A  royal  banquet  was  prepared  for  this  purpofe, 
in  the  meadow  of  Kanigheul;  where  the  tables  were  ranged 
like  an  army  in  order  of  battle,   Timur  being  placed  at  the 
head  of  them,  on  a  throne  of  gold.  The  bridegrooms  were  oa 
one  fide,  and  the  brides  on  the  other.     To  honour  the  occa- 
"   fK)n,  the  Mirzas  Ptr  Mebetnedy  and  his  brother  Rufteiny  mar- 
ried the  daughters  oi  Kay^zo'ddin  Terkhdn ;  and  the  Mirza  AbA 
Bekvy  fon  c^  Mir  an  Shdh,  efpoufed  the  daughter  of  the  Amir 
Haji  Sayfo'ddin  K 
Expedition      WHILE  Timur  was  on  his  return  from  Kipjak^  he  jrefolvcd 
iuio  Iran,  to  make  an  expedition  into  Irdn  (or  Perfia  at  large),  to  fup- 
prefs  the  diforders  which,  during  his  abfence,  had  gotten  foot- 
ing there.     With  this  view,  he  fent  into  all  the  provinces,  to 
aflemblc  the  troops,  for  a  campaign  of  five  years.     When  he 
was  near  Bokhara,  May  25th,  he  was  feized  with  a  diftemper, 
which  held  him  till  June  loth.  The  6th  of  Ramazdn  {July  2} 
he  departed^  at  the  head  of  his  troops,  having  fent  the  Mirza 
Mehemed  Soltdn  before,  with  the  van-guard.     He  crofied  the 
Jihitn '  (or  Amu)  at  Amuya,  and,  by  way  of  Makhan  and  Ahi- 
verdy  arrived  at  Tajfi  Daban  ;  where,,  on  the  appearance  of  the 
n^w  mooji,  he  read  the  prayers  of  Bayrdm,  which  is  the  grand 

*  Hift.  Tim.  Bek.  p.  379—386,  c.  14— -16. 

(A)  Otherwife  called  Ah-fcnd    of  Behre,  near  Labor  (in  Hindu- 
<that  is,  ri'ver  Sep.i)^  and  Meb-    fd.t.     La  Croix^ 
ran.    It  fprings  from  chelake  * 

feaft 

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C  3;  The  Reign  of  Timtir  Bckw 

feaft  of  the  Miifulmans.    At  Ugazigaj  KahAJbhn  (B),  he.  joined 
the  Mirza  Mehemed  Soltdn;   who  commanded  the  body  of 
fcouts ;  and,  at  length,  arriving  in  the  territory  of  Afiarahhd^  ^ 
encamped  on  the  river  of  Jorjdn  (C) ;  where  Piri  Pajbd^  foa 
di  LohnSn  Pq/hd^  paid  his  devoirs  to  his  majefty. 

The  army,  after  three  days  march  from  JJlarab&d,  came  Affairs  of 
to  a  very  thick  wood,  through  which  they  opened  three  paf-  Mazan- 
fages,  and  infenfibly  arrive4  ^l  S&ri  (D);  whence  SeydKamdl'  dcran^ 
oWlw,  lord  thereof,  had  fled  to  Seyd  Rdzio'ddin'y  at  Maha- 
nafdr.     Thcfe  are  thrcfe  towns,    fituated  four  leagues  from 
AmoU  on  the  ftiore  of  the  Cafpian  fea :  where  they  had  built 
a'fort  on  an  adjacent  hiU,  which  joined  the  fea  on  one  fide; 
and,    inftead  of  ditches,    was  furrounded  with  precipices, 
wafhed  for  the  fpace  of  a  mije  by  the  fea,  which,  in  turbulent 
weather,  flowed  within  the  rocks.    Round  the  wall,  they  had 
fixed  great  trees,  fo  clofe  together,  that  they  ferved  inftead  of 
a  fecond  wall. .  Hither  the  princes  of  Amol  and  Sdri,  the  rich 
inhabitants,  and  foreign  merchants,  retired,  with  their  fami- 
lies and  efFefts,  confiding  in  die  ftrength  and  it\^cceffiblenefs  of  . 
the  place.     Tim^r,  informed  of  thefe  particulars,  pafling  the 
lakes  and  marfhes,  arrived,  in  three  days,  at  Amol;  where  he 
ordered  the  Seyd  Kayqzoddin  to  go  and  advife  his  father  to 
cdme  to  him.  * 

TIMUR,  after  ordering  all  the  water  in  the  cifterns  of  Mahana- 
Atnol  to  be  fpilt,  followed  with  his  army ;  which  could  march  far  be- 
no  more  than  three  miles  a  day,  becaufe  obliged  to  cut  dovmjf^gfd, 
trees,  to  render  the  marfhes  and  floughs  paffable.  September  21, 
the  fcouts  on  both  fides  met,  and  fought.     Three  days  after, 
the  Seyd  Kamalo'ddtn  Derdz,  and  Muldna  Amddo'ddin,  came, 
and  implored  pardon ;   which  Timur  granted,   on  condition,  , 
that  the  fharifs,  who  commanded  in  all  thofe  quarters,  fhould 
fend  him  part  of  the  goods  of  the  inhabitants,  and  one  <^  their 
children  ia  hoflage.     The  fharifs  not  liking  thefe  conditions, 
Tim^r  fent  fome  officers,  with  the  maflers  of  the  barks  of  the  ' 
Jihdn,    to  feize  the  enemy's  vefTels ;    which  they  did ;   and 
carrying  the  foldiers,  by  Squadrons,  to  the  foot  of  the  walls, 
ihey  befieged  Mqhanafar  in  form.  ^  Thofe  who  defended  the  ' 
out-works  being  foon  obliged  to  fly  into  the  plage  for  fafety, 
the  foldiers  at  the  fame  time  fcaled  the  walls. 

On  the  25  th  oi  November y  the  enemy  obferving  Timrfr  X,o  andfur^ 
approach  the  place  on  horfeback,  through  fear,  came  out  in  rendered. 

(B)  A  village  betwecn^^;Vrr^    Cafpian  fea  (at  Aftarahid),     La 
^nd  Afiarabdd,     JLa  Croix,  Croix, 

(C)  It  pafTes  by  a  city  of  the         (D)    A.  city  of  Ghtldn.     La  ' 
Came  name,  and  falls  into  the    Q-oi x^^R?iihcr  of  Mazdftderdn. 

companies. 

Digitized  by  VjVjOQIC 


;  Hiftolj  aftbe  Moguls  dhi  Tatars.       B.  Vti 

compaMes, .  and  implored  hrs  protqftion ;  which  appeafed  his 
wrath.  After  tills,  he  maae  tTiem  preferits,  and  exhorted  them 
to  epat^race  t^e  orthodox  feft'of  the  SuhnU  in  whofe  maxims 
he  m/triiifted'  them, ,  and  io  renohnce  the  errors  of  ^thc  iUay^ , 
which  th?y  followed,  iymur  fiaid  foine  dstjrs  at  JJluh/mafar^ 
to  difpofe  of  iiie  great  riches,  which  were  lodged  there,, 
amofig  his  fomiefs }  and  then  ordered  the  place  to  be  reduced 
Cruel  mat'  ^^  ^  heap  of  rubbirfi.  After  this,  fie  commanded  all  the  />- 
/acres.  ^^^  ^\*  "^^^  ^^^  ^^  nUmCTous  in  this  country,  to  be  put 
to  t^e  iwoi-d ;  which  was  accordingly  done.  Thus  the  pro- 
vince wa§  freed  from  the  diforders  which  thofe  aflaflins.caufisd 
there  :  for,  if  they  found  a  man  whb  had  a  paper  or  book  in 
his  pofleffi6n,  no  matter  whether  a  lawyer,  philt)fopjier,  pr 
man  of  Jettg-^i  they  Held  it  lawful  to  put  him  to  death,  ^- 
hindef  She^tU^  to  i;evenjge  the  deatfi  rf  his  father,  ^nd  qdier 
s  .  relations,  (lain  Ijy  the  Darvifbes^  difciples  of  ^eyd  KaiJDamo% 

dln^  ihVeflqd  Anol,-  that  no  man^  might  efcape   his  wrath ; 
ancfimde  the  moft  terrible  maflacre  ip.  th^t  city  ever  mentioned 
in  hiffoiy.   Scyd  Kam^lo*iMin,  an4  his  fon,  wei^e  Cent  Ia  a  vef- 
fel  to'  l(afdzm\  the  Seyds  Mtirtdza  and  Abdaliah,  with  their 
foris>,  and  feveral  otliers,  were  carried  to  T^kunt  ^. 
Irik  /«-         IThe  province  o^  Maz&nderhn  being  intij^ly  brought  under . 
njaded,       f^bjeftion ;  Tvmfiry  in  the  beginning  rf  the  year  J^s^  ^nfed  a 
H^f-  795^  fine  palacfe'tq  be  built  at  Shafrru^n^  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
.  A.  EP.     forjanj  and  lodged  tKeirei    At  the  end  of  winter,  he  prepared 
'J^'*   fo'^  continue  his  coiiguefts;  and  fixecf  t|xe  campaign  of  that 
y^af  fpr*  the  kingdoms  of  Pars  and  Irak.  ^  He  departed  ,fjrom 
JftazdnJeriri  the  20th  of  January :  having  fent  the  Mtrza 
MehemecC  SoliM,  at  the  head  of  the  van-guard,  accompanied 
by '  Ks- brother  Vh  Mehemeiy  the  Sheykh  M  BahMr^  and 
onier  amfrsl.    He  gave  tKe  command,  of  ano^er  van-g^ard  to 
i!c^iMriiSio^  AiShy  and  went  himfelf  to  Yildk  Veii  (P).   The 
^^iifza  j^efiemed  Soltdn,  and  his  brother,  on  their  arrival  at 
Kazvthr  defeated,  and  took  prifoner,  the  governor  Shib  Souar. 
On  their  approach,  the  governor  of  Soitdmya  fled.    .They  pr* 
rilbned  the  place,  and  marched  towards  Baghdad..  ^In  tHe  way, 
a  courier  brought  an  order  for  them  to  reduce  all  the  inhabit- 
adts  o£  XurdyfaH]  and  free  the  country  from  thofe  robbers* 

fc  HiftlTim.Bek;  p.  38^—396,  q.  16— ig. 

(P)  The  fame  whom  £»ro^^/7«j  Hulaku  had    extirpated  abeui 

call-alTafSns.     Lai2roix\—T\xty  lOo  years  before. 
9ir€Cz\]edI/mae/jafrs,Batafti\sind         (F)  A  town  on  a' mountain, 

hf  other  nainies,  iii  tHe  oriental  where  the  Amir  Fi^  ufcd  to  pais 

hiftorians.    They  f^efm  to  have"  the  fuinmer.    LaCrcJx. 
been  the  reliques  of  thofe  whom 

Hereoporf 

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HoTopod  tfie  Shxykti  M  dahidr  Was  fent  widi  z  bodfy  c^  A.  IX 
troops  upoa  tkat  ea:peditioni,  accon^patt^ed  by  one  of  the  chief  1593. 
lacii  of  the  comtry,  irho'o^redtobelAgt&fc.  *  ■■■*Jfc.,a 

IBRJHiMShdhf  jw&ice  of  thofe  pkces^  ]?ecdvcd  Sheykh  Kftrdcftaa 
>^/i  very  friendly,  and  £mi:  his  fon  S^A^it  Shdi  Math  pitfents  ioMmits. 
the  piiii60S ;'  ^rho^  contenT.^th  ti^  &&!^Ik>ff,  bi'dered  Sheykh 
AMmttvam.    He a^cordli^ begftft  Ms^ ^tfch r  but,  on'the 
rMKiy  fais  guide,  firoftt^ted'  of  Ins  hopes,  b^  hiigr  peace  with^ 
Otrabini  ^hUh^  ireacheroully  flev  him  with  a  ki^fe,^  as  he  was 
eatings    The  allaffin  wa^  Immediatdy  feized  by  Sheykh  y^fi's 
nten,  vvha  pat  him  to  d^th,  witSi  the  moft  cruel  tormentsf, 
ami  afterwards  burnt  hii  body  to  aAi^^s. 

Mean  time,  7&»*/'haviR|r  proceeded  froffi'rM  FWf,  by  JSam-  Khuzc- 
^A*  and  Semn&n^  dtiiS  of  .Kiiw^/,  to  i^djv  ShShriar^  ur  Perfian  ftin  re- 
/rjyft,  thei«  took  a  iUe^  body  ef  meii,  and  marched  to  UfrAd-  duced. 
j^ed^).  He  arrived' tiifer^  tfi^  ^Sthc^Februatyy  and  was  joined 
by  the  Mtrza  (?mtt>*  S^yl^,  Wtio^had  taken  the  road  of  Ava'^ 
tile  fbm^fs  oi^Kiow,  Mat^vAr,  $cai  iCtrBeri^ ;  all  towns  of 
KAh^kAtty  wUch  fobmktedi  excepthlg^iB^rtt;,  but  it  was  eafily 
reduced^     Thn^  Ifeft^  a  govembi'  for  Nahh-wend  (H)  ;   and, " 
three  days  after,,  aii4ve*  a*  i8b/r^i^iilW«f  (I),  whofe  go^hior 
had  fled.     Then  leaving  troops  to  befiege  the  place,  he  itnt 
parlies  of  he»*B  mtxx  2S'  q^swrters  of  torefiSn^  taroot  otit  the 
robbers ;  and  (tepaftfe*  foi*  T(fiar  (^).    In  ^evetf  days.  He: 
came  to  the  l«-idge>of' thtfi^r^  yi^^^(lL) ;  and,  vStd  Mritt 
5WA-retQnied  fit)m*A75^^^(M),  ^»4ilch  fubmittca,  (At  Omar 
Sbiykh  to  Havtza^{if),  wMdi  madie  ftbf  reflftkice,  its  gover- 
vertiDr,  for  Manfi^  Idhg  ci'F&Ysy  beinf^  fled.    The  bridgp  over 
tl^  j^zil^  which  is  boUrof  {tone  and  bHck^  ^ith  great  beauty^ 
and  ftrengch,  ha»  tWenty-eigh^  lofty  m^ificetitardies,  each  of 

(G)    k' t:\\^  oi  KS^fimf  in  (L}Arivct^ichrai»lfhrottgli 

ir^,  eighteen  leagues. fr^in^«*  Kbusaeft^  by  To/tar;  and  fails 

m4uldn^     La  Croix.  into-  the   Ferjian   gulf  at  /f^ 

(H)  Otherwife  called  Kuha-  MdhdL  'Tis  famous  for  an  aque- 

nvendy  a  town  of  Kuhefidri:  built  dud  a  mile  long,  built  by  Sha- 

\>y  Nuhf  or  Noah y  ou  a  moon-  hlif  (Ot  Sapores)  king  of  Ferfict*. 

taitSy  fourteen  leagues  iibfathft^m  La  Croix. 

l£amMd£ny  W2is  Urlgerii:    Hci'e  (M)  A  town  of  A&f/?^*,  three 

TWsui^erdi  laft  kiirg  of  P^/yS^r,.  days jooifney from i/^/^^xr; where  ' 

v^sLS  vanquiihed,  in  J.  D.  638.  porcelain  is  dug,  with  which  the 

luf  CrviJt,  Wdls  and  Kou^  of  the  F'trJhMi 

{!)  A  foTtrth of  Lorefldf/y  ntzr  are  covered.    La  Croix. 

ihc  town  of  Lor,  and  reiidence  of  (N)  Corruptly  fo  called,  from 

the  prince  ofLoreftdn,  LaGroix.  Al?n^}d%  (which  is  the  true  name), 

(  K)    Capital  of  Kureftdn  (a  a  city  of  iu^«z^^»,  on  the  rivcjp 

aTiiakefor7^«a;^^«),  betWeeft  4b%dL     La  Croix, 
F't^r-s  SLud  Irdi  Arahi^  LaCriix*. 

\  which    , 


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Shah 
Manfiir 
feizes 
Pars. 


\Attempts 
Ifpahan. 


fhe  city 
bttrayed* 


tiijioiy  tf  (hi  Mcgub  and  Tltars.      B.  Vi; 

which  has  a  lefler.  At  the  foot  of  it  is.  z  town,  called  Dezfil^ 
whofc  governor  prefented  77w^r.with  twenty  loads  of  4fiWer. 
When  Tim^r  arrived  at  Tqftar,  he  fent  troops  to  pillage  the 
country-,  and>  croffing  the  Chehar  Dmhf  March  i8th,  en- 
camped in  a  foreft  of  palms,  near  that  city. 

We  have  already  mentioned,  that,  on  TimAr^^-  inarch  to 
i^j",  in  1390,  Soltan  Zayn  Alabo'ddin^  king  of  that  country, 
retired  to  Shah  Manfur,  governor  of  Toftar^  who/eized,  and 
imprifoned  him  in  the  caftle  of  Kerikerd,  four  leagues  from 
that  city  :  but,  at  length,  efcaping,  by  the  afEilance  of  friends, 
to  Malek  Azzo'dd^n  Kerii,  at  Urudjerdy  this  latter  condudted 
him  to  Ifpdhdn ;  of  which  he  poflefled  himfelf,  by  means  of 
the  officers,  who  were  in  his  intereft,  while  Soltan  Mehemed 
retired  to  thefortrefs,  and,  a  month  after,  withdrew  by  con- 
fent.  Then  ShahykT^w^r  marched  with  an  army  to  Skraz\ 
and,  being  let  in  by  the  fharifs,  Shah  Tahta  retired  to  Tazd. 
Soltan  Zayn  Alabo'ddin^  ima^ning  that  the  amirs  of  Shah  Mart' 
fur  would  come  over  to  him,  becaufe  moft  of  them  had  raifed 
themfelves  in  his  father's  court,  marched  with  a  fmall  army 
towards  Shtraz :  but,  being  met  near  the  fortrefs  of  JJia- 
har  (O)  by  Shah  Manjur,  was  obliged  to  fly  back  to  Jfpd- 
Mn. 

.  Mean  tinae,  the  Pehlavan  Muhaddeb,  governor  of  Atrkih, 
fearing  left  iShab  Man/ur,  who  threatened  his  town,  fliould 
become  mafter  of  the  whole  kingdom,  piade  an  alliance  voAi 
ShaK  Tahidy  and  then  invited  him  to  his  city :  but  TaMa,  at 
the  inlligation  of  his  courtiers,  breaking  his  oath,  feized  the 
pehlavan,  and  fent  him  in  chains  to  Tazd;  where  he  was  put 
to  death,  by  that  perfidious  prince's  order.  On  advice  <rf  this, 
Siiah  fllafi/ir  went  with  a  formidable  army  to  befiege  Abrkuh ; 
and,  leaving  troops  to  block-up  the  caftle,  marched  to  attack 
Tg.ad:  but,:underftanding  by  the  way,  that  Shah' Tahta,  to 
prevent  the  vifit,  had  ordered  the  governor  to  deliver  the  fort- 
refs, he  retuhied,  and  received  it  without  oppoCtion.  In  his 
way  back,  he  harrafTed  the  country  about  JJpdhdn ;  and,  as  he 
repeated  the  fame  devaftations  next  year,  Zayn  AlabQ'i&n. 
afked  afliftance  of  the  Soltans  Ahmed  prince  of  Kerm^j  and 
Aku  Is'hdkf  of  Sirjin.  They  joined  their  forces,  and  marched 
towards  Shtraz  i  but,  being  met  by  Manfiir ,  were  defeated, 
aqd  returned  home  1.  '  - 

:In  the  fdlowing  fpring,  this  prince  marched  again  to  Ifpd- 
h&n ;  and,  as  foon  as  he  arrived,  fent  for  one  whom,  'twas 

.  ,  ^  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  p.  396-^409,  c.  19 — 23. 

(D)  SuppofedtobcPf»yS;^/;V,    pie,  n9W  called  C/^i7  Jlf«i«r,  Of 
by  the  ruins  of  a  galace,  or  tern-    the  forty  ftllan 

pre- 


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|i9ifiMMd»  il9  topt  thflrd  to  cany  on  bis  intrlgaeii^  tot,  tht 
momtaC  he  was  gote,  the  iiihabiiaj^&  ddlTered  up  the  city. 
The  ^t&n  fled ;  buty  bddg  (akra  bcttmeen  Veramn  and  iSy^si^  * 
.  ri4ri  8Mh  M^mfir  ordkrid  his  eyes  to  be  pat  Out  with  a  ho( 
iroB^  ^tftef  tb^,  ho  mitrched  twice  ,td  Yavi:  but,  by  tht 
pirfiui^OBS  of  his  motbcr,  kft  it  in  pofMbn  of  T^A^  his  eldof 
pr^tb^.  Whoi  TrniAr  idncampcd  without  Ttij^ar,  this  wal 
the  condition  of  the  kingdom  of  Fan  (or  Perjia)^  to  which 
A^&t  y^i^tio  fewer  lih^n  ten  |>retefiders,  all  6f  the  houfe  of 
fiUmt^ert  wiio  natiirally  deUghtiz^  to  make  war  oft  one  an« 
QCbfff^  ^utthe  SBipire  of  Irhi  into  great  difi>rder :  for  which 
feafoiiy  Timitr  reibii^  to  lubdii^  thole  turbulent  princes,  ani 
lettartf  peac«fi 

Wrrif  tiit^  view^  Aptil  iff  ht  left  r^^r,  wbfch  he  made  Timftrr#- 
^folf  jAafter  of^  and  Inarched  with  e^ipedition  towards  iM-  ^«^^ 
r^fcp.  Tto  aody  he  ericjantpcd  at  Roth  Hermez.  The  25th| 
cNadfe^.did  rircr  Margtin  (F).  Next  day,  he  got  to  Lajbtet 
{^  greilt  towQr  of  FAfs)  ;  ^adnd  the  27tfa,  encamped  at  the  head 
of  the  ri^tar  HmiMdak  <^^*  The  30th,  he  crofled  the  Kdvi^ 
Hn  (R)  >  and  went  to  lie  at  Nuhejgian  (S).  May  f ,  he  6i>* 
nnfed  at  ^  loot  of  1:^^  .9^  (or  the  *uihiu  eafiie),  one  oli 
the  ftroogeft  cit^dek  in  all  Afia.  It  ftood  at  the  top  of  a  v^ 
ip^ggedF  iQoOfitain,  where  there  was  but  one  flip|iery  wsiy  td* 
^dbid ;  and  fo  made,  that,  in  any  narrow  ftra^t,  three  rtieft 
imgbt  hindeir  f  do/3oo  fr6n»  paffing.  Ofi  the  top  was-a*  fitie  plai4 
twdh^  miles  in  c6rapafe,  ftockei  with  water,  animals,  trees^ 
tad  otltitated  lands :  ib  that  they  werefecure  agarnil:  famine  $ 
and,  as  it  was  deemed  inacceflible,  as  well  as  im  j>regnabte,  n6 
prince  had  cve^  yet  Befi^ed  it. 

HowfiVEit,  TnTtt^r  afccnded  the  mountain,  with  his  offic^,  KalaaSe* 
to  die  gate  of  the  Ibrtrefe,  followed  by  feveral  tro6ps.  The  fid.' 
tiiH]f  vings^  encamped  on  another  mountain,  whkh  joined  th^ 
ptece.  Orders  being  given  for  a  general  aHatrit,  the  army  at^ 
tadttd  the,  citadd  on  ail  fides.  Next  day,  the  attack  was  re** 
ne^yed;*-  ^ad  the  ibldiers  broke  the  rock  with  plcka3tes,  t6 
ctextr-  the  way.  At  la^th,  Akhikga,  an  officer,  mounting  a  fted^ 
rbeil,  the  enemy  Were  fo  furprifed  to  fee  themfelves  attacked  id 
a>  p^ce  which  they  thought  none  dared  to  afcend,  that  thejr 
g^Me  over  fighttng-:  fo  that  the  foldiers  advancing  on  all  fidesi 

fP)    A  river  which  divides    gulf,    near    Bander    Mk.     La 
iOtSzefiSft  from  Pdrs,  rtms  by     Croix. 

Snmirem^  and  faHs  into  the  ^-    .    (R)  A  river  which  pafli^  b^ 
K^c/.     La  Croix,  Kaicrottj  attd  falls  into  the  Per* 

iOJ  ]x  falis  into  the  Perfiem   fiait  gulf,    la  Croijt. 

{$)  A  ci«y  Offir/. 

»fo9.  Hist.  Vol.  V.  S  tU 


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Hiflofj  of  the  Moguls  and  Tdtars.       B.  VI. 

the  for'trefs  was  taken,!  aiid  the  garrifonr  precipitated  from  die 
top  of  the  mountain.     The  governor  Sadet  was  put  to  deadi; 
'  but  he  honoured  the  blind  Soltdn  Zayn  Alabeddin,  who  was ' 
kept  here,  and  promifed  to  revenge  him  on  the  cruel  Manfkr, 
As  iovAkbuga,  who  firft  mounted,  the  rock,  and  had  but  one 
horfe  before,  he  gave  him  fo  much  filver,  women,  flaves,  goods, 
horfes,  and  other  cattle,  that,  to  his  peat  furprife,  ht  be- 
came a  rich  man  at  once. 
Manfur         The  3d  of  May,  Ttm^r  fet  forward,  in  queft  of  Shah  Man* 
aitacked.  fir :  and  coming  to  Shiraz,  percdved,  in  the  fields  ^thout 
the  city,  3  or  4000  horfe,  armed  with  coats  of  mail,  helmets, 
and  brcaft-plates  of  leather,  lined  with  iron;  their  horfes  co- 
vered with  a  kind  of  cuirafles  made  of  thick  filk,  and  their 
enfigns  difplayed      At  the  head  of  thefe  men,  inured  to  vrar, 
and  expert  archers,  Manf&r  advanced  like  a  furious  lion ;  and 
attacked  Timor's  main  body,  compoled  of  30,000  Turks  (T), 
the  moft  dexterous  men  of  their  time :  yet  he  overthrew  Aeir 
fquadrons,  broke  their  ranks,  made  way  into  the  midft,  and 
gained  pofts  behind  the  army,  pofls  of  the  utmoft  confequencc. 
Then  returning,  furious  as  a  dragon,  to  the  fight,  he  ran  di- 
reftly  up  to  Timur,  who  had  flopp'd,  with  fourteen  or  fifteen 
perfons,  to  confider  the  extreme  vigour  of  this  prince ;  and, 
though  he  had  not  his  lance  at  hand  to  oppofe  him,  yet  the 
emperor  flood  till  Manf&r  came  up,  and  ftruck  him  twice  with 
his  fimitar  on  the  helmet,  which  waf  ded  off  the  blows.   THen 
Adel  Aktajbi  held  a  buckler  over  TimHr^s  head,  and  Kmart 
Tefaiil  advanced  before  him  :  he  did  feveral  great  actions,  and 
was  wounded  in  his  hand  with  a  fword. 
Killed  hy       Shah  Manfur y  having  been  repulfed  from  before  the  em- 
^hdh         peror,  fell  Upon  thelnfantry  of  the  main  body ;  while  the  Mirza 
R^k.       Mehemed  Soltan  fo  brifldy  attacked  the  rijht  wing  of  theP^r- 
y£f «/,  that  it  gave  wiy,  and  being  purfued,  a  terrible  flaughter 
was  made.     The  Mirza  Pir  Mehemed  bravely  defeated  thdr 
left  wing.     Several  regiments  which  were  in  the  main  body, 
having  been  routed  by  Shah  Manfltr,  rallied,  of  thdr  own  ac- 
cord ;  and  the  Mirza  Shah  RM,  who  fought  near  Timir  like 
a  lion,  re-aflembled  a  whole  battalion  of  foldiers  who  fled. 
In  ftiort,  this  young  prince,  although  but  feventeen  years  old, 
behaved  with  fo  much  valour  and  conduft,  that  he  hemmed  in 
the  ihah,  cut  off  his  head,  and  caft  it  at  the  feet  of  the  em- 
peror his  father.  This  lucky  accident  fo  difcouraged  the  Pe/fan 
troops,  who,  till  then  had  fought  well;  that  they  fled.    But 
-while  Timir,  after  returning  God  thanks  for  the  idftoiy,  and  em- 

(T)  Turks,  Mogmis,  and  Ta-   fi^ddin  Alt,  ofcd  fynonymoufly, 
tan,  aj-e>4)y  the  author  ^hari-    as  hath  been  already  obferved. 

braioDg 

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braqi^  his^loGLSy  was  prefeated,  by  the  amfrs,  with  the'  goU 
cup,  9ca»rdiog  to  tbe^uftom  gf  theMungls,  they,  onafud- 
den,  &w  a  body  of  the  enemy  advaocing  behind  to  attack ' 
them :  howeyer,  they  were  qui<±ly  repuUi^>  and  cut  to  pieces 
ia  their  flight  m.  * 

After  this  viAory,  Ti'm^r  made  his  triumphal  entry  iutb  Musafie'* 
Siirdx,  and  lodged  in  the  ^te  of  S^bn^  which  alone  of  nine  "an 
was  left  open.     The  treafures  of  Shah  Manf&r  were  then  di»i^'f^^' 
fiributed  among  bis  amtrs>  airi  a  ranfom  levied  on  the  mha-^'^^* 
bitants..    The  like  Was  done  at  If^&han.    the  princes  of  the 
family  oiMuzx^tr^  having  no  place  to  retire  to,  refolved,  in 
good  earneft,  to  fubmit,  and  made  rich  prefents  to  the  em* 
peror:  but  the  fheykhs,  dolors,  and  ima^ls,  with  the  chief 
inhabitants,  of  Fan  and  /na*,  having  prefcnted  him  petitions, 
(in  which  they  fet  forth  the  diforders  brought  in  by  the  Muzaf^ 
ferian  princes,  and.requcfted  that  his  majefty  would  no  longei* 
truft  the  cpmmand  of  twp  kingdoms  in  the  hands  of  thofe 
mants)  he»  in  the  middle  of /fz/i^,  ordered  thofe  princes  to  be 
ieized,  loaded  with  chains,  and  their  houfes  pillaged.    He  ap- 
pointed govediors  in  their  room ;  placing  over  the  kingdom  of 
Fars^  .which  is  the  moft  full  of  cities,  towns,  and  villages,  of 
any  country  in  Jfia^  his  fon  the  Mirza  Omar,  Sheykh ;  and  re- 
Ibred  Ptr  Ahmed  to  the.  government  of  the  Ifttle  kingdom  of 
Lorefiariy  or  Malamlr^  of  which  Shah  Manf&r  had  deprived 
him.     In  fine,  towards  the  epd  of  yune,  being  arrived  at  the    • 
village  K&mjhay  near  Ifpahftn^  he  iflued  out  that  famous  order, 
foremarkable  in  hiilory,  and  much  defired  by  the  people,  that 
the  princes  of  the  houfe  of  Muzaffer  fliould  be  put  to  death  (U); 
which  was  rigoroufly  executed,  according  to  the  laws  of /ifn^^z 
Khan. 

.    TIMUR,  after  five  days  ftay,  left  If^hhan,  ancl  came,  in  YciJdii//.; 
two  days,  ,to  Jerh&dekhan.     Next  night  he  arrived  at  AnMdnJ^^^^'^ 
whofe  inlwbitants,  being  atheifts,  had  fortified  themfelves  in 
caverns  and  rocks :  but  the  army  drowned  them,  by  forming 
rivulets  along  the  mountains,  and  then  breaking  down  the 

»,  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  p.  409—419,  c.  23— 2 j* 

(U)  ThcTe  were  $hah  Yahia^  exc«pting  Prince  Zhebeti^  wKofil 

lA^ho  reigned  at  Ta%d\   Soltan  eyes  had  been  put  Out  by  his 

^Ahmed^9XKermdn't%o\\ixiMehdiy  father  Shah  Shuja\    and   'Lajn 

fbn  of  Shah  ^%tf,   and  Soltan  Alaho'ddiriy    blinded    by   Shah 

Gudan/erj  who  were  at  SMrdz  ;  Manjur:   thefe  two  were  fent  t(>  ^.>y 

Soltin  Ahu  Is-bak^  who.  reigned  Satnarkant^  and  had  fome  of  thd  ^* 

^"^  Kermdn,     In  ihort,   all  the  beft  ground  of  that  city  afligncd 

jyrinces  of  that  houfe  were  put  them  for  thtiir  mainteliaiice. 
CO  death,  who  could  be  found, 

S  a  bank!/ 

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\fSLiafcs,  let  th^  miter  Mtmi  fai  Conines  in^  M»  IlKkiig 
places.    InJ^  iOi,  liehMttdia^pU^  fbt 

'x3th,  heddetmpedi  aad eAin0 10  the  iieadoilir  of  Ak/Jfisrimi. 
l!lie' idth;  took  tioiFfe.  AodI  1^  iMi,  ^noaqytd  iq  tb^Bkm 
of  ffamadAn\  where,  to  divert  the  conrt,  he"  n^^  a  flUjgii- 
&eat  feaff .    After  thk,  W  reoompea^  the  kmees  o(  the 

^yh^  h|^  the  ^overdgnty  of  AzirMin,  XMe/Un  pL},  Sih* 

cipupitr^  as  far  as  Rtht,  oc  J/tdUlia^  §St\^e&  to  the  Qt^mJki: 
on  wfaidx  occafion,  the  n^irza  gate  ^  fiithor  i^aagaiiBc^'«> 
•  tejrtamment  at  Hamad^. 
Gbebrs  TIMUR  departed  froto  IkmaMu  d^  3d  ofAigi^f  ail 

maJfacTid.  feeing  asrived  'at  MU^ti^  a  town' of  K4ritfiAfi^  1^  ki  ks 
troop;  ^Sa;i?A  the  robber  &ir^A  Mehenud^  the  7}«i:)b»^;  5x^ 
t^ad  fo^ifi^  hhhieif  in  the  mountaiBSi  when  he  had  a  dtaM 
\^ed  ffaffofbil  The  foldi^a  0>t  up  to  the  topof  themouR- 
tain  jf^rm^^  and  fought  fo  refelatdjr,  that^  in  th^ai|h«i  tkf 
^rknfans  retired  to  other  mountidns :  but  were  purfiied^  sail 
|fumbers  of  tiiem  kiUisd ;  their  Ixigg^  likewife,  aod  ca^ 
MTCFC  feh:^.  As  there  was  another  ^ace  in  thole  parts,  ib 
which,  a  great  number  of  ghebrs  (Y)  were  goctcn  Ipgetli^ 
firiiAr  ^c^ed  it  to  be  fubdoed.  The  fiege  kfted  for  feoi 
ti^ne :  inxt,  being,  at  length  taken,  it  was  reduced  to  mhKfl^ 
and  the  people,  piit  to  the  fword^  After  tMs,  the  ^fiI>zi  IHSfk 
Bh$h  took,  and  ruined,  the  ca^cs  of  Kurgan  and  Kariiii  ia 
K^rd^dn.  The  court  being  arrived  at  Jk  B4lmk  (Z)>  (^t 
tbf  himazltii  t^re.  When  it  was  over>  the  Great  BMfii  J^ 
ro'ditn  AbdarMmAriy  famous  for  his-  leacnii^)  caiM  as  aa- 
bjiflador  from  ^(Aikci  Ahmed  Jalayr^  of  BdghdMy  with^jfc* 
of  iybmimon,  andprefents:  M^iich  tbeen^eror.'dldBaMt- 
ceive  ^r  h^is  ufud  kHid  manner  %  beoaufe  be  fti^;>e^te^.^MiMft 
Itncerity,  in  regard  the  pray^-s  wer^  not  reaid^  &oi^MB«f 
cqined,  ^  Mghd&d^  in  his  name^ 
TimAr  Howevrr,  Thnir  honodredtthe  mu&  fep-  hjp'flitritt- boi 

manbts     difmifled  him,  without  any  pofitive  anfwer;  becaufe  he  ^^ 
folved  to  biefiege  BAghddd :  towards  w4iicb  city/  he  b^an  his 

(X)  Inftead  of  Raf,  Deriend^    d^  nprth^eaC^  p^  qf  w&ifk 
a^d  !^4>f»}  as  in  tl^e  original,  we    R,ay  was  the  cpipitah 
ha^  infrrt^  K^eftdni  which        (Y)  Adorers  of  fire,  wpofeSsg' 
fignJ\Bes  tbemount£um  countfjt  and    the  ancient  rcHffioq  0/  t{ie  /V* 
anfwers  to  Jebal  of  the  Arabs ;    fiam. 

bcin^  the  fame  wjth  Perfian,  (Z)  (Or  thf  njJfHe  fimnti^V 
Irak :  or,  in  a  piqre  limited  fenfc,    a  town  ncai;  BrpeJt  qt  Arbeit,  d 

^urdeftdnp    fsa  Q-oifc^ 

mardl 

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ffifenh  ^eMkr  ^d,    Ht  mtfched  dsf  und  O^ti  Hb  eRisim^  at    A.  >. 
fkit  *riW  (A).    ThAiKe  hd  wcttt  to  A»fa  Airf-jJ^flfe  (B)  5  *»*>    *  ^^L* 
fteat  nm-dkig^  Act  Me^wned,  jprifKre  ^  the  TSrJtWWr,  ^cah  ^sc^^jMfiJ 
hi  rosmi^'  it  the  head  tof  todi  hdfe.    At  ShMrzitr  (6>,  tt 
itehihcd  in  a  litter,  c»ndtiAifcd  hy  choice  rib,  through  h^W 

lik{D),  helnqufatddfdv^iDftabifants^  #heUi&  thSy  iij[d.  fittt 
{H^dons  to  B-J^hdiJ,  to  |^  notice  df  Vfk.  approach  df  hii 
thaf  i  wad,  on  th^  aniwering  hi  th^  allfiirf^e,  ipide  ^tA 
IrtMflO&thtfr  UUet,  importitig;  that  tbe  dhlH  which  they  bU 
fitiirM  at  a  dUhmce^  tf^  catibd  by  ^^  TurkBms,  ivho  ^ 
to  ^dd  nMr.  Thii  fettfei*  waiS  tied  iiirfir  tht  wing  df  I 
pigla^,  \vfai<^h  foimediatdy  fled  td  ih  hdnft  it  kt^hdith 
Shi  aitHoiigh  tK9  ^iHlde  gate  SdMn  ^Uimi  ft^  eoora^,  y^t 
he  did  tkn  idtfrcly  toilfide  ih  it;  having,  6h  tht  receipt  of  dwi 
Bfft^  lirdewd  Ks  ftllTlittire  to  be  carried  ovdr  the  Ti^m  ^. 

'ftoB  lOtH  df  (%Wte^,  ij^rhen  TJm^/-  irriverf  at  Sd^lMSId^  fce  /b  B^]^ 
faltis  had  ^btady  cfdfl^  the  H^r^  l^oft&i  fti  Inidj^,  ^ddad« 
fedk  the  Boats,  flyteg  by  ^he  >¥ay  of  ftitm  (E).    tite  rifa/ 
tit)6p9^  trlw  covered  nedf  t^¥6  league  of  grotthdj  dft  tticflx- 
fiK^iliiodietirater,  with  k  grfeit  cf-y,  ihd  paflcd  the  Tigriii 
totwltfaftan&ig  its  rapidity.    fiMi^  W^t  tin  ieagiieii  \A  jfhit- 
fidt  (rf*  the  feitan^  and  theh  returhed  to  bdghdiS,  at  ffie  b- 
tftttty  6f  hi*  Mitci,  in^hb  colltiflufcd  thdr  route.    Obftfvfi^; 
Irtien  they  arfii^ed  h.  the  Euphrates ^  that  the  foltSn  had  brbke^ 
die  bridge,  and  funk  the  boats,  they  marched  doag  ^e  fhore,  ^ 
toey  fdtmd  fbnr  bbats^  iM  then  croflfed  it,  >^ith  the  army :  Bni 
Ar  Votim  tf  the  f(ddidri  bHftg  fatigued,  the  amirs  were  obliged 
•or  ptirflie  tlte  foltiii  tfitthfiavdS,    Th^  firft  came  up  With  bH 
hdfgq^tt  itsS  at  iei^  ovettbbit  him,  in  th^  {)iain  of  Ktrbeld^     .  % 
wttb  tL€ai  zQfOO  hdfffe,  ^6<^  (^^hdm  turh^d  on  the  amirs ;  Md; 
§pi&og  biS  th^  botf<^,  /h^ort  th^if  drroW^,  and  thus  rej[>uire(l 
thfift  twioe4    The  third  tiihe  tfifcy  returned  to  the  charge,  witH 
great  idgour  %  many  were  killed  on  both  fides  i  .and  the  amira. 
jKufucd  them  rib^ldAgdr. 

•  Hift.  Thtf*  Bfck,  p%  419—432,  c.  25— 30W 

(Ay  A  VUhge  near  dte  (kmd  (D)  A  place  of  devotiott  (oa 

fSice,    La  €rtix,  the  Tigris),  twenty-feVen  kagues. 

^  (JhT  A  vimu  afJOrSf^Aii  nt^  nOth  of  Bighd&d.    laCrnx. 

Sigbrxur.    UGr^ix.  {t.)   Ot  IhUah,   znd  HeUa$ 

(C>  A.  city  of  im^Jlifir  fr^n-  ^^«''  i^^^V.^  a  city  of  Irak  JraH 

^Bix  of  ka^d^iti.     Lk  Odix.-^  (6n  the  eaft  fide  of  Euphratts)^  ' 

t^  afc  pretest  6clo%s  td  Mrdc-  hetwetn Baghdad iniiu^st.   U 


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J^Jtprj  of  the  Mogak  MiTttars.       B.  VL 

That  day  bdog  extremdy  hot,  and  the  plain  oCKerbda  (F) 
afibrding  no  water,  the  foldiers  expeAed  tp  perUh'  for  want  of 
^  drink.  On  this  occafion,  Jybaje  Jglen  and  JdMI  Hamd  feat 
^^t^"  A  men  to  feck  for  water,  who  could  get  no  more  than  two  pots 
Anmed  ^^^ .  ^^  ^  Ayhaje  drank  one,  without  quenching  Jristhirft, 
'^'^''  he  told  JalaU  diat,  unlefs  be  gave  him  his  potalfo,  he  ihould 

certainly  die  with  drought :    hereupon  the  amir  generonily 
yielded  him  the  water,    yet  efcaped  deith  himf<^;  which 
aftion,  when  told  to  TimAr  by  Ayhajty  at  their  retuin,  greatly 
pleafed  him.    They  then  departed,  and  came  to  MaJbM, 
where  Hujfayn^  fon  of  Jli^  was  flain :  every  one  kiffed  the 
.     gate  of  the  holy  place,  and  paid  his  devotioft.    After  this,  they 
returned^  having  taken  prifoner  Jlao'ddawkt^  fon  of  Soitaa 
jihmed^  who  fled  towards  Syria^  and  fome  odier  of  his  chil- 
dren ;  befides  his  wives  and  ,domeftics,  flaves  arid  fpoil.  • 
7i&«K(lrdi      About  the  fame  time  the  Mirza  Mehemed  Soltan  returned 
/^ffnJJ^d,  from  his  expedition  againfl:  the  Kurd  robbers ;  whom  he  fo  ef- 
feftually  reduced  to  obedience,  or  exterminated,  that  one  or 
two  men  might  travel  fafely  thro'  their  country  :  wheres^,  be- 
fore, large  karawans,  guarded  by  loo  archers,  were  obliged  to 
take  by-roads.     Soon  after,  he  was  fent  governor  to  Whfst  (G), 
and  the  Mirza^  Afir4n  Shih  to  Bafrah.    The  foltan's  wives  and 
children,  with  all  the  learned  men  of  BAghd^^  and  mafters  of 
arts,  were  conveyed  to  Samarkant.    After  Timur  had  fent  am" 
bafladors  to  invite  Malek  Azzaher  (H)  Barkok,  foltan  of  Egypt 
and  Syria f  to  a  treaty  of  amity ;  he  fet  out,  November  nth, 
for  Takrit,  a  place  on  the  Tigris,  efteemed  impregnable,  to 
deftroy  the  robbers  who  were  harboured  there  :  for,  theddivcr- 
„  •       ^  ing  of  the  countries  from  fuch  pefts,  was  one  chief  end  of  his 
A  D     ^P^^*^^'^*    ^^  g^^  thither,  by  the  way  of  AnnaA  (I),  on  the 
•     V    2oth.    The  town  was  built  on  a  high  rock  near  the  !:iverj 
^^^'     tlie  paflages  were  clofed  up  with  ftones  laid  in  morter;  and 
it  vf2L%  fo  well  fortified,  that  it  could  never  be  taken  by  force  «. 

•  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  p.  43a— 443,  c.  30—33. 

(F)  A  plain  on  the  (well  iide  near  the  mouth  of  that  rifer, 
of)  Eufhrateh  where  Imam  Huf'    and  the  Perfian  gulf. 

fayn^  fon  of  Jli,  was  flain  by  (H)  This  is  the  Pfrjian^ 
ii^asiutya^  iirfl  kbalifah  of  the  nundation ;  Al  Dhaherf  or  Ai* 
houk,  of  OTKmyah.  La  Croix,  dhakir,  ^t  ArJnan\  the  U 
Hvjfayn^ilomh  is  in  the  plain,  being  fpunded. like  the  fi^/ 
a  place  of  pilgrimage  with  the  ^b  in  the,  this,  &o. 
Per/tans.  (J)  The  capital  of  J>^/>«- 

(G)  A  city  of  Irak  Arahi,  on  ^  hia,  fituate  on  both  fides  of  die 
the  Tigris,  half  way  between  '  Euphrates.  Timir  arriYcd  Acts 
$dghJdd  and  Bapah  ;  commoD^    On  the  fifteenth. 

1/  called  BaJjfQra  and  Balfitr^^ 

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C.  3.  ^e  Reign  of  Timdr  Bck.    '  279 

The  Amir  He^an^  who  commanded  there,    fent  fevend    A.  D.. 
times  to  oiTer  fubmiifion  ;  but  ftill  feared  to  come^  out.   Mean     1393. 
while  the  foldiers,  having  advanced  to  the.  foot  of  the  wall,  v— y*^^ 
fell  to  iapping ;  the  whole  army,  confilling  of  72,000  men,  Takric 
bdng  employed  in  the  work.    At  length  part  of  the  walls  fell  ^'^«^^^<4 
down ;  but  the  befieged  repaired  this  great  breach,  and  fought 
dcfperately.     December  the  fixth,  fire  being  fet  to  the  wooden 
props,  moft  part  of  the  walls  fell  on  a  fudden,  with  a  great 
tower.    Yet  ftill  the  robbers,  armed  with  planks,  and  great 
bucldcrs,  continued  to  defend  themfelves  againft  the  foldiers  ; 
wl\>mdvanced  to  the  very  middle  of  the  place,  where  there  was 
#  moft  bloody  batde.     Hereupon  Timur  ordered  the  r^ft  6f 
*§ie  walls  to  be  undermined ,  which  bringing  down  a  confider- 
able  baftion,  Haffan  was  terrified,  and  retired  with  his  foldiers 
to  the  edge  of  the  mountain.     Some  of  the  befieged,  feeing  and  taken. 
this,  came  out,  befeeching  the  amirs  to  intercede  for  their  lives  j 
but  Tim&r  anfwered.  Let  him  come,  or  not,  no  quarter  (hall 
now  be  g^ven.     The  foldiers, .  animated  by  thefe  words  of  the 
emperor,  at  length  got 'to  the  top  of  the  rock ;  and,  feizing 
the  Amir  Hajfan,  and  thofe  about  him,  brought  them  bound 
neck  and  heels  to  Tim&r :  who  ordered  the  foldiers  to  be  fepa- 
rated  from  the  inhabitants,  and  put  to  death.     He  likewife 
ordered  part  of  the  walls  to  be  left  ftanding,  for  pofterity  to  . 
wonder  at  his  performance ;  while  towers  were  built  with  the 
heads  of  thofe  robbers,  for  a  terror  to  others. 

After   thjs,  Timur  returned,   December  17,   to  Harbi^  z  Marches t§ 
town  between  yinnah  and  Takrtt^  which  was  the  rendezvous  of  Koha. 
all  the  troops  j  and,  when  all  thofe  had  joined  him  who  were . 
out  oin   other  expeditions,   he  departed  for  Diyarbekr.     At 
croi&ng  the  Tigris^  he  caufcd  a  report  to  be  fpread,  as  if  he 
was  on  his  return  home,  that  the  enemy  might  be  lefs  on 
their  guard.     He  marched  to  Tuk^  and  then  to  Karkuk  (K), 
where  the  princes  in  all  thofe  parts  came  and  fubmitted  to 
him,  efpecially  he  oi  Alttm  Kipruk.     The  20th,  he  arrived* 
at  Brhel  (or  Arbeld)^  and  from  thence  marched  to  JSUffel  (or 
Muzol).   There  he  vifited  the  tombs  of  the  prophets  Jonas  and . 
Georges 9  giving  29,000  dinars  Kap^i  for  raifing  domes  over 
them,  with  much  alms  to  the  poor.     Then  taking  Tar-ali, 
prince  of  that  place,  for  his  guide,  departed.     He  pafled  by 
Mardin:  and,  at  Rds  al  Ayn  (L),  fent  to  pillage  the  lands,     a.  D. 
fabjeA  to  Hijfayn^  called  the  Bh^k  Sheep,,  and  other  princes.     139^ 

(K)  Towns  of  Mefototamia.  fiwitmn^  Here  arc  feveral 
Lm  Gr0f;^.«^  Rather  ox  KMrdef-^  fprings,  from  whence  the  river 
tSn,  ,  Al  Khabur  has-  its  rife. 

(L)  That  15,  the  head  of  the  • 

S  4  o» 

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Hiftky^  ofihe  Wi^  dhd  Tatars.      B.  Vt 

Obi  hit  a(>proach  to  R^ht  (M),  its  prlfice^  named  Mkzd;  Bel 

vdth  fome  inhabioiats  to  a  high  mddntaki ;  but  they  ^nero  poti^ 

'foed  and  taken.     TmUr  catered  the  eity  fakl  to  be  buik  taf 

Nimrod:  and,  vA^h  his  court,  bathed  in  the  foantab^,  wlueh 

(as  the  Mohammedans  believe)  fprang  up  ia  the  fdaot  of  a  (ur« 

oace  wherdn  Jbraham  had  been  caft,  and  qneoched  the  Bxm* 

Omar  Thb  emperor  fpent  nineteen  day»  at  RUta  la  play^  6^  CO" 

Sheykb     tert^nments,  while  feveral  prinees  €»ne  and  fiibm^tcd  %  amoog 

Jlaiu,         the  reft,  the  prince  of  Hefn  Keyfa  (N).     But  Soltan  Ayfii^  j^boe 

of  Mardin,  ret ufi^  to  come  as  he  had  promised,  7!m^  iftarched 

back  to  reduce  him ;  as  he  did^  AJn  his  way^  the  piineea  of  Ak^ 

zina,  Batman,  and  Ji  Jaztreh  (O),  -On  his  approach,  A^fa 

came  out,  and  begged  pardon ;  which  was  granted  hkd.  WhiU^ 

the  army  lay  before  Aiardtn,  news  arrived  of  the  defltii  o^ 

the  Mirza  Omar^  Shtykk    This  prince^  v4io  was  the  head  gene^ 

ral  under  his  father  when  in  Pdrs,  had  reduced  all  that  pco* 

vlnce,  and  then  went  to  befiege  Sirji^n  in  Kirnt^  r  but,  bdng 

fent  for  to  court,  left  his  troops  before  that  dty,  and  haAed 

t<>  ikirdz.    In  his  way  through  the  country  of  tie  Kfbfds,  bt 

flopped  at  Konnattiy  a  little  fort  inhabited  by  a  fiiw  people} 

and,  getti  ig  on  an  eminence  to  view  the  place,  was  (hot  wiA 

an  appo^  in  the  vena  cava,  which  kSJed  him  do  the  ^t,  m 

fb^ruary  1394,  wh^  he  was  fb'-ty  ye»s  old*     The  fotdWsi 

to  revenge  his  death,  deftroyed  all  wdio  were  in  the  place,  aiMl 

razed  it  to  the  g«-ound.     The  eorpfe  wa^  carried  to  SMndmt^ 

and  afttt^ards  to  Kafh,  where  it  was  interred.    Ttle  kine^dom 

of  Pars  (or  Proper  Perfm)  was  g^ven  by  TmiAp^  to  the-Mkva 

Pif^  Mehemed,  fon  of  the  decea&d,  s^thcMigh  but  fbM^n,  yean 

old\ 

Aljaztreh     Although-  Solt^  Jyjk  came  out  of  MtrdiH,   f^iA 

ravaged,    bt^her  and  the*  inhabitants  reftiftd  to  ddivep  tip  tiW  |*»ci^|^ 

which  being  found  to  be  the  efFeft  of  yfyfif%  CM-dew,  ha  w«t- 

put  In  fifetters :  and,  thcfftnot  bemg  gmfe  encm^  foip  the  ea^ 

▼ilpyi  Timur  deferred  the  fege^  for  this  time-,     b  his  way  \» 

j^6nj,  flich  a  terrible  tempefiof  lightning  and  rain  flfU,  that 

the  hcM^es  were  in  water  up  to  theiir  ears ;  and  Ae  army  HW 

{{^c^  to  remove  thti^  quarters,  leaiving'  aft  didr  bi^|p|^h^  ' 

>  Hill.  Tim,  Bek,  jh  j^^^^^fx  e.^'^jT^' 

(M)  Qiherwi{^  oal](;d  Orjd,        (O)  .The  two^  M  ^f  tNk 

the  anticnt  Edffa.  cities  are  in  Kurdefiam  \  the  laft 

(N)  A  city  on  the  T/^j,  in  iqan.  ifland  of  tht^ Tijptfi,  and 

Htfopotamia,  LaCroix. — It  was.  afcribed te^Z)^*4^.i6^*  ^QAedD^t 

very  ftrong  placQ,;.  the  caftlfi.  Jumrm  ekn  OmOTn 

K  (m  a  iQc)^ 

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}mif  for  fiw  of  Wfig  dromted  thtajfeivos;     ThSsttiAt  Mi*' 
Uk  /tis^'Mrii  priiiee  ^  Jathtb^  who  ha^  before  fabmiitdd^ 
rtfQQpg  tcf  delhrer  up  ta  aniir^  who  tttd  Aoten  cdrtida  curio- 
fittest  which  Tmiir  was  fendiog  to  his  fe^s  at  S^httyd  % 
the  emperor  fet  out  haftily  with  his  troops,  and,  next  day,' 
comisg  QS  the  enemy  by  fuhprife>  took  two  or  three  £xtreiles, 
wkh  9,  |re»t  booity^     In  ttte  ocnfufidi^  A2^(^i  fell  intd  tfa^     ' 
kai4$  w  a  fiddier  *,  who  took  from  hkn  many  rali^able  tlungs, 
audi  not  kpowiog  ^^ho  he  ^ras,  kt  Mtu  eTcape.    Being  thus 
drivm  out  rf  Jazirrk,  and  that  city,  with  his  country,  ravag^ 
the  emperor  returned  to  Mardlm  and>  inrefting  it  next  day,  Mardlb 
affiiul^  and  took  the  city,  while  the  befieged  fled  intoi  this/ubmtu 
fcMTb*^  named  KAh,  fitaaied  on  the  ri^e  of  a  mountain^ 
The  ibldiers  folfewod  to  the  foot  of  tfar  \iraiH ;  and,  nttt  day, 
getting  oa  the  monntatn,  which  was  kvd  with  the  top  of  the 
wall,  the  befieged^  findkig  themTdTres  difbdTed  thereby,  came 
o«t  with  rich  f»-efettts,  and  oficrcd  to  pay  a  ytarty  tribute  ^ 
wli&ch  ,w^  ti^  niore  raadily  accepted,,  as  news  arri^ved  juil 
then  c(f  the  birth  ef  a  fon»  on  ^il  9;  to  the  heir  of  thi^   ' 
oowa,  Mina  ^^.RM,  who  was  catfed  OMt  Bey  (P). 

TIMUR^vt  Mardin  to  Sdtin  Sakt,  brother  of  ^<j^i 
and  thflo  fet  forward?,  thz  army  marddog  m  {jsrveral  bodied, 
by  A&reat  road**    The  ^xiperoc  took  ttot  of  Sattr,  accom* 
pwied  h^  Mirea  SkU  Rakh  ^  ani^  oil  h&  arrival  at  the  T^rh, 
new  that  place»  ftaid  throe  days^  with  defign  to  return  to* 
JtlatA  (m  Armma) :  biit  recdiring  advice,  from  the  Mirzad  Amid,  ur 
MehemedS(Jtan  and  Mirdn  Shah,  that  the  idiabhants  of  Kar&cke  Diy  ar<. 
K<i€k  (Q^),   coftWK^ly  tdled  JKw»«/,:  ifefeafed  to  fubmic,  hehckr, 
miunched  thUhet  in  t!kOc  da^s.  aodooie  n^t;  dke  TS^r^r  being 
fo^  fikaOowv  that  d>e  tnoc^  pafled  k  oa  focrtr.    The  (Irength 
06  ^is  city  confifls  inidtt  ^ight  of  tts  w^fs,  which  are  built 
cS  free^^hnue ;  «id  in  their  thicknefa^  whidiis: fudi,  thar  two 
hfin^  may  pafs  abneaft  on  them.    On  the  top  of  this  wall, 
tWe.  ia  bi^t  another,  the  height  o£  a:  mail;  and  on  both  therO' 
19  a  terrace^  on  tbe^  outfide  of  which  there  b  another  fkmo 
waii^  with  battleme»ts«    Thus^  aa  there*  are  two  ftories  in  th^ 
gftsi^  wei^  ;.  fo,.  whem  il  rain^  or  is,  either  exceeding  hot  oc 
cold,  thefQldie^ma|r%ht  m  thirbawerftoey;.    Befide9,  thens 
^refa^tiPM^eiaii&efin  cnfaita  afoadnr;  and,  iia  the  middle  of 
^e  town,  two  fountains  of  xa^  water,  with  many  fine  g^t 

(F)  SMid  ^iVt&ikit^Ukj^       (<^)  If  ami,  or  J^ed,  is  call- 

fat  OJuk  i    and  Jl/y,   Bik^  or  eii  2^0- Kara  Amid,  or  KarMd^ 

Jf^h  tot*  Ajr*     He  reigned  af-  and  Dtydrhekr.  La  Crdx.  fTencc 

ttfThis- IMer^  ntiA-  wa»  a  great  ^^jy/^/r,  inhis maps^mabes du-ec 

^s^poorager  of  {earning.  cities  of  it 

deoQi, 

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dens.  Thefe  walls  are  ^d  to  have  been  buiU  4300  years ; 
and  that  the  place  was  never  t^ken  by  force  of  arms> :  indeed  the 
^Khalifah  KaUd,  (bncS  JVaHd,  after  befi^ng  it  a  long  dme, 
entered  it,  with  ibme  troops,  by  a  common  fewer,  and  made 
himfelf  mafter  of  it. 
iefiegid  As  foon  as  Timir  was  encamped  without  the  dty,  he  qti 
and  taken,  dered  the  aflault  to  be  g^ven  next  day.  rthe  foUiers  advanced, 
covered  with  their  bucklers,  and  difcharged  a  Ihower  of  ar- 
rows into  the  place ;  while  the  bedded  caSi  down  abundance 
of  ftones  on  them.  Mean  dme  the  min^ s  carri(^  on  the  fap ; 
and,  breaches  bdng  made  in  feveral  places,  the  walls  were 
fcaled  in  different  parts :  fo  that  the  city  was  carried  in  le{s 
than  three  days,  in  thie  banning  of  May.  The  foldiers,  en- 
tering the  place,  pillaged  it,  and  fet  fire  to  the  honfe  5  while 
moft  part  of  the  garrifon  were  killed  in  the  breaches.  The 
officers  b^n  to  pull  down  the  walls  with  axes,  and  other 
inffaruments  :  but,  as  they  found  it  would  be  a  tedious  work 
to  demolifh  any  confiderable  part,  they  only  beat  down  the 
tops.  Tindr,  the  ninth  of  May,  took  the  road  to  JlatJJ^ : 
and,  three  days  after,  Taik  S4fi,  tlie  greateft  amir  in  the  left 
wing  of  the  army,  next  the  princes  of  the  blood,  bcSng  ac- 
cufed  by  an  Uzbek  foldier  with  fomenting  a  rebellion,  and  de- 
figning  to  fly  in  the  night,  confefled  hi$  crime,  and  difcovered 
his  accomplices.  As  he  had  been  often  phoned  before  for. 
the  like  offences,  and  yet  promoted  by  the  emperor,  his  judges 
ordered  him  and  his  fon  to  be  laid  in  irons,  and  all  his  a^com- 
plices  to  be  put  to  death. 
Alenjik  After  he  had  pafled  by  MiyafarkiUy  Batmtn^  AJlimd,  and  - 
hejieged.  Siv&Jfer,  he  arrived,  the  nineteenth,  at  Sahra  M&Jbi  (R) ;  and, 
paffing  Come  high  mountains  deep  with  fnow,  came  to  Bettts  (S)? 
whofe  prince,  Haji  Sharif,  the  moft.  courteous  of  all  thofein 
Kurdeji&n,  came  to  falute  him,  and  make  a  prefent  erf  fino 
horfes.  Timur  confirmed  him  in  his  pofleflions,  honoured  hioi 
with  a  veft,  belt,  and  fword ;  and  left  Taik  iSt}fi  to  be  kqrt 
prifoner  in  his  caftle.  Then,  ordering  the  roads  to  be  fet  down 
in  writing,  he  fent  a  detachment  to  befiege  Jlenjik;  at  whofe 
approach  Kara  Tti/ef,  vnth  his  Turimins,  fled.  Bdng  come 
to  Jkidt  (T),  he  gave  KakhAn,  prince  of  JdeUaws  (U),  the 
lordihip  of  JklSt,  with  its  dependencies,  for  ever.    Then  part- 

(R)  A  little  town,  with  a  fine        (T)  Capital  of  Lower  Jme^ 

meadow,  two  days  joorney  in  ma,  or  KSurdffian,  near  the  lake 

length ;  the  fame  diilance  from  of  V&n.     La  Croix. 
Miyafarkin^  and  three  from  Ak'        (U)  A  town  on  the  lakeof  WSf^, , 

lit  \S»x  KJdt),  La  Croix.  between  Jrjifi  and -<^<ii5&.    im- 

(S)  A  city  near  the  lake  of  CmW, 


Van.    La  Croix. 


fc>8 

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C..3.  The  Reign  of  Timftr  Bck. 

iag  finom  the  army,  to  meet  the  young  prince^  and  empreflcs 
comhig  from  Soltdniya,  he  palled  by  Alijhgherd  ( W) ;  and  en- 
cateq)C|d  the  fame  Evening  at  Uch  Kilija,  that  is,  the  three 
i^urches  of  Alatak  (X),^  where  he  found  them.  On  the 
twenty-fourth  of  June,  he  fet'  out  for  Jydin  (or  Bay^ztd)^  - 
whofe  inhabitants,  iM^fenting  him  with  all  their  effefts,  begged 
quarter ;  which  he  granted,  after  blaming  them  for  their  re- 
miflhe^,  and  reftored  them  all  their  goods.  After  this,  he  re- 
turned in  one  night  to  Uch  Kilfja ;  where  Tahdrten,  governor 
of  j^rzenjdn,  came  to  pay  his  refpefts  to  him,  and  was  ho- 
nourably received  *». 

The  fecond  of  July,  Timur,  refolving  to  make  hlmfelf  ma-  Avcnik, 
fter  of  Jvenik  (or  Van),  whofe  prince,  Mejfer,  fon  of  Kara  or  Van, 
Mehemed  (Y),  refufed  to  come  to  court,  departed  from  IJch  invefied. 
KiHffa,  and  came  to  Alijhgherd  (or  Malazjerd ;  from  whence, 
pafling  by  Khjatak,  in  two  days  he'  arrived  at  Jvenik,     The 
foldiers  immediately  took  the  town,    and  razed  the  walls : 
hereupon  Mejfer  retired,  with  his ;  Turkmins,  into  the  fortrefs, 
iitnated  on  a  fte6p  and  craggy  mountain,  all  the  paflages  of 
which  were  blocked  up  and  fortified  ;  a  wall  being  alfo  built 
oncHieiide,  on  the  very  edge  of  the  mountain.     The  amirs, 
^id  braveft  foldiers,  alighted  to  attack  the  gate ;  while  the  ' 
horfemen,  mounted  as  high  as  the  walls,  (hot  arrows  on  thofe 
who  appeared  on  the  breaftwork.     On  the  fifth,  Mejfer  fent 
lus  {on  and  lieutenant,  with  confiderable  prefents,  to  demand 
pardon  ;  which  Titnfir  granted  :  but,  on  their  return,  he  re- 
newed hoftilities.     After  Tah&rten  had  argued  the  cafe  with 
him,  he  fent  his  fon,  and  a  near  relation,  with  more  prefents, 
to  afk  pardon  \  but  Titn^r,  perceiving  he  had  no  defign  to 
qnit  the  place,  caufed  the  meflengers  to  be  arrefted. 

However,  next  morning,  the  emperor  ordering  MeJ/er^s  TimiirV 
fon,  who  was  but  fix  years  old,  to  be  brought  before  him ;  clemency. 
he  was  fo  moved  with  the  fuppllcations  of  this  young  prince, 
that  he  faid,  '*'  Go,  my  child ;  I  will  give  your  father  his 
**  life,  on  condition  that  he  appears  before  me."    Then  he 
gave  die  child  a  veil,  and  fixed  a  collar  of  gold  about  his 

«  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  p.  457 — 470.  c.  37—43. 

/"W)  Or  Malazjard,  a  town  near  Eri'vdn,  from  which  it  is 
of  Kurdejidn  [ptLonjuerArnunia),  diftantthrjeelea^gties  tothefottth- 
X«<»  Crrix. ,  weft. 

(X)  A  town  of  Kurdejtin  (or        (Y)  TheTurkmdn,  founder  of 

jfrntemm),  where  are  the  three  the  dynafty  of  the  iCetr<i  A^^Wv, 

cbHPtrchtu  of  Jchmiadxin,  the  feat  or  Bhuk  Sheep,  whofe  hiftory  is 

or  cBe  patriarch  of  Armenia,  near  given  in  the  &cth  volume. 
f/4f4/^'van.    La  CmV.^Rather 

neck} 

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Hsjl0f;ftf  tieMOgak  OdTttsn.      B.  VC 

9Bck-,  findiBg  hiia  back  le  J\4^r  wtth  a  Tvrj  oUi^ng  htafi 
When  thebefiq^adfswthe  yonog  pridce  in  tfab  Condi^ft,  dttf 
^  applauded  the  emperor ;  and  mnaniirti  9gsdidkM^et,  whi 
&U  would  aot  i^efolve  upon  goii^  out/  Hon^direri  the  Jktw^ 
iog  ei^oes  having  b^bten  down  (e^dni  hSnfta,  MeJ^^  tt^ 
tber  came  to  beg  quarter  ibr  her  f<>n  $  aUed^ng  his  feafs  ^ 
the  only  caufe  of  his  oppoTition*  Altho'  Thttki^  promttid  l# 
(pare  him,  in  cafe  he  left  the  place  imm^attij^,  y^  the  ^u\rk^ 
m&n  continued  obftinate<  At  ledgth,  1  todjiif ^  or  hill  iiftds  tf 
earth  and  trees,  beii^  raifed  higl^  than  the  wails  df  tbe  fort^ 
re(s,  the  place  lay  quite  expofed  to  the  engine.  Tbefe  pMfid 
in  heaps  di  huge  ftonetf,  Whkh. ruined  tte  Hoitfes  apia^^  iind 
beat  down  the  arches  Ujpod  the  foldiers  h6kbt  They  Ivete  aUB 
reduced  to  fuch  extremity  for  want  o^  liratei*^  th^,  Jvfy  tto 
thirtieth,  they  turned  oat  all  th€f  ifthdbitants  who  did  Mk 
^ht.  MefftTy  therefore,  in  defpair^  fedt  hia  ti^tenitot  ddci 
more  to  b^  quarter ;  which  was  gr^nted>  prdtided  he  weKdA 
repair  xo  thexamp  *.  yet  imi  tb2^i^riiK:ea>&^u6d  fiubbom^  0< 
irrefolute. 
Mefler  Mean  tinre  Kya  Shaf^n,  and  feven  othef  bf^ve  foiSm9i 

/khmti.  moundng  one  of  the  arches  in  the  liight, .  got  lo  the  fodt-of  the 
'  walls  <^  the  place;  and  there  Ughfir^  fires>  tck^e  iil^tlc^ 
two  amirs  aicended  the  mountaia  ill  the  fadie  place,  and  dticA 
to  a  very  narrow  arch ;  where  the  beiieged  attacked  them,  ^tc^ 
in  ^  dark,  Jm^JhJU>  Kaianeji,  bdng  dangeroufiy  womiddd^ 
returned  to  the  camp :  but  Arginjh^h,  add  ffieieft,  getting os 
another  arch,  above  300  cubits  ^^e^  arrived  ai  ^  f%ot  ol 
the  Walls,  which  they  began  to  fap.  The  officers  ahd  gani^ 
ion  feeing  themfelves  thus  hard  prdfed,  fome  flunj^  thcmfdye^ 
off  the  mountain ;  while  others  exclaiited  ^gsanft  ^^^i  fim% 
dovm  their  arms,  and  begged  kate  to^  (kpart*-  M^efi,  to 
appeafe  them,  fent  his  mother  drice  more  to  beg  his  Itfe.  Thnt^i 
touched  with  her  affliftion;  fkld,  that,  fof  her  fidce,  he  would 
iparehim^  provided  he  came  hhirfelf  to  alkj^krdon:  yetiWrfJl^ 
did  nqt  go  ant  that  day  ;  and  would  hilve  confinued  to  drod 
bimfetf,  if  his  domeAics  had  not  Quitted  him,  aHd  lea^  aff 
the  walls.  Then,  tying  a  handkerchief  about  his  neck,  andwid^ 
a  fword  in  his  handv  he  came  out  of  the  fortrrfs  J  Aid,  apply- 
ing himfelf  to  the  Mirza  Mehemed  Saltan,  by  his  means  obtained 
■ieiicy'.  He  wa^  ferit  to  Samariant)  ancf  his  tWaflfuTfei  diAri- 
bnted*  aihong  tht>&  who  had  behaved  w^U  'm  t6^  ftege.  fiiktlft 
filfo  conferred  the  principaJity'of  Jrzenj&n  on  Tah&rti^\  prtJ» 
ftetinghimv  oii  thaf  ddcaSfion,  wfth  f  cSrd#it  ^ridMlfofg^W 
^<;1^  vA^  pt'eciQUs  ftbii^S^ 

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C*  3.  9%«  Reigu  p/  Timiit  QekJ  ^^5 

BfiBJMCtkefeiran&iftbnSy  tbearm]r»w)iichbefi^ed^         A.  Jl>. 
gave  fadk  ^afiderable  ai&ults,  that  the  Amir  Bayi$4d  (1)^     1)94. 
fiince  thereof,   dqpan^  ^  tni?^ ;   promifiag  to  depart  as  ^""V'^-J 
^boaa&ftbe  ibices  ihould  decamp  from  before  the  walk.    The  ^^/^^ 
^eaeral  ZinkTqkit  caofenting  to  the  pcoppial,  Bay0%id  went-^'^^"^^ 
fou  i^  the  mpbt,  urkhout  hiaknowie^  9  and,  anivinjg  at  It- 
w^rH  camp,  fell  at  ^  emperor's  feet :  who,  pleaiJBd  mth  ^s 
foodi^A,  Goafirmed  him  in  tfa^  principality,  with  a  power  to 
eAaUiih  a  gqiwroor  in  the  town  lof  AytMn  ^ 

:    TfJ^JIfU^i,  in  purfiuMiceaf  Moioim/Mfs  advke  to  his  lot  Georgia 
lowcrB,  t^  make  war  oa  tho^  who  profefs  a  did)brent  refigioa  invaded. 
IkojoOt  tbeir  own,  £91  out  to  make  war  in  CurjiftMy  or  Gsorgia^ 
igftinft  Jkdkdy  prince  of  that  conntry ;   and,  having  pa^d 
1$  the  foccAs  of  Alatdk  widi  a  very  numerous  army,  arrived    ' 
tt  iLSnx/  wbm  news  was  bron^t  of  the  birth  of  prince  Ibrd- 
Hm  Solt^y  fo^  of  the  Wru  S^  Rukh,  on  Sapten^er  the 
■iath.    I^lext  day  TimAr  decamped  &Qm  the  fine  meadow  of 
ifdjcf ,  fat  t))e  p^bia  of  3/Unek  6J)iul  (A).     Shortly  after,  the 
aiaira,  whom  (m  had  fent  into  Georgia^  having  gained  feveral 
hattles,  conquered  great  part  of  the  country,*  and  taken  many 
flroi^  places,  returned  with  the  fpoils,  and  congratulated  the 
emperor  4^  the  birth  of  his  grandfon^ 

On  this  Qccafion,  a  fpien^d  banquet  was  prepared.  The  Spltndid 
cents  1100k  up  two  leagu«;$  of  ground.  TmArh  was  under  zfiaft* 
^aoopy  liGUlsined  by  forty  piU»?s,  and  as-  ipaciou$  as  a  palace. 
When  every  thing  was  ready,  hi^majefty  camey  with  the  crowa 
OB  hie  beadv  ^  iceptre  in  his  haad,  and  fat  ol^  the  throne, 
wliidi  was  ereOsd  in  the  i^die  of  the  tent,  adorned  with 
piiecioiis  ibn^  V  M>d  a  gf«^  nuo^Lb^r  of  the  mdft  beautifol 
huiiee  of  Afia  ^sufi&iq^  eachildes  H^veib  of  rich  brocade, 
bedecked  wiA  jewels^  Themvfi^  was  ranged  'm  two  rows  \ 
the  Toioes^  oa  th^  right,  and  inflrumeats  on  the  left.  Nine 
obaufh,  as  ilewairdbs^  with  ^den  w^ukIs  m  their  hands,  marched 
feejbi«  the  di(h$8  which  were^  iJerved  up :  they  weF&  followed 
by  Gup-bearecs,  hiving4n  their  handfe  cryftal  botdes  and-  golden 
cups,  withfed  witie^of  SbhMz^  white  <^  Ma^^Hderdn,  grey- 
cokHired'O^A^^^T})  and-wat^oKceedin^^ian  Nor  ^  the 
conveFfaiion  of  cbapmkig  women,  whoie  hai)r  hong-in^  trefib  to 
die>  very  ground,  add  aimril  lufh:^tothJj^gr»id  aflembfy;  at 
which  were  prefeh  t  manjr  fordgn  lords  and  princes  from  IntSa  and 

»  Hift.  Tim.  Bck,  j.  470—478.  c.  43 — 4J. 

(ZO  Perhaps,  from  hi^i  the        (A)  A  vilfagexjearthemoun- 
city   took  the  name  of  -S<?j'r«;<^    t^U^,J>idt^  ii^Cicorgia. 
which  it  at  prcfent  bean, 

3  Greece, 


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HiJhfyo/ibeMoBoh  amtTatm.        B.VI. 

Greece^  After  this,  the  Mirza  Shdh  Rukh  fet  out  for  Samar'^ 
kant,  of  which  his  father  coQferred  on  him  the  government. 
TIMUR'%  zeal  for  reli^on  promptmg  him  to  make  the 
war  hlmfelf  in  Georgia^  he  entered  the  mountains,  defbtiyiog 
all  before  hun^  The  Kara  KaUtdnUk  (that  is.  Tie  Black  Buck'^ 
Jers)  having  fortified  themfelves  in  cafVles  fituate  on  very  fleep 
mountains,  he  marched  into  their  lands,  vanquifhed  and  put 
them  all  to  the  fword,  feiung  thdr  efieds.  After, repoiing 
his  army  for  fome.time,  he  marched  to  Teftis,  cajntal  of  Gtor^ 
gia ;  and  from  thence  to  Sheii  (B),  fix>m  whence,  troops  were 
detached  to  pillage  the  lands  of  prince  Bertaz.  A  fecond  body 
entered  other  mountains,  called  the  KHhefian  of  Georgia,  go- 
verned by  S^di  Alt,  pf  Sheki,  prince  of  the  houfe  c^  ErSt  s 
who  fled,  and  left  his  houfes  and  effefls  to  be  deftroyed  by 
die  enemy .  But,  while  Tvm&r  was  haraifing  the  Chriftians  in 
this  manner,  news  was  brought,  that  the  troops  of  Tokatndjb, 
khan  of  KipjiA,  had  pafled  by  Ddrbend,  and  ravaged  feme 
parts  of  Shirwan.  Hereupon  he  immediately  departed  .from 
Sheki,  and  arrived  at  the  Ab  Mr  (or  river  Kdr) :  but,  on  ad* 
vice  of  his  march,  the  enemy  (hamefully  fled.  When  Tmir 
came  to  the  plain  of  Mahm&d  obM,  he  encamped  in  that  <£ 
Kalin  Gonbed,  near  the  town  of  Fakrahid  (in  Georgia).  There 
he  fent  for  the  emprefles  and  princes  from  Soltdniya  ;  and  the 
Mirza  Mirdn  Sh&h  quitted-  the  iiege  of  Alenjik  to  come  to 
court ;  being  informed,  on  the  road,  of  the  birth  oi  a  fon, 
whom  the  emperor  named  ^^i/^/*. 
invades  WnpH  winter  drew  towards  an  end,  Ttmiir  departed,  March 
Shirwan.  '^^^»  ^^^  KipjAk,  at  the  head  of  a  powerful  army,  to  make  war 
on  TokatnAfb  (or  Toktam\fb)  Khan  :  who,  having  re-eftabli(hed 
himfelf  in  his  kingdom,  was  daily  making  irruptions  into  theem- 
peror's  dominions,  to  repair  the  lofs  of  his  laft  defeat.  Thmk-^ 
pefore  this,  had  fent  that  prince  a  letter,  to  know  his  refolu- 
tion,  and  reafon  for  invading  his  territories  ;  which,  with  the 
arguments  of  the  amh^CEndor  Shdm/o'ddin  Ahndleghi,  fo  wrought 
upon  him,  that  he  would  have  concluded  a  treaty,  if  his  cour* 
tiers  and  generals,  whofe  intereft  it  was  to  make  war,  had  not 
perfuaded  him  againft  it.  Shhnfo'ddtn,  at  his  return,  found 
Tindr  on  the  river  Samnir,  which  runs  at  the  foot  of  mount 
AlbHrz  (C),  reviewing  his  army :  which  extended  from  theoce 

•  Hift.  Tim.  Pek,  p.  478 — 487.  c.  45 — 50. 

(B)  A  city  between  Ti?^/  and  is  to  be  underflood  the  ridge  of 
the  river  Cyrus  (now  Kir)*  La  mountains  called  by  EMrofemm 
Croix,  Cauca/us;  fomc  call  it  Jlbrmsc^ 

(C)  Or  AUOrzKifbihyyfhlQk  waA  Brisc 


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C.  3.  ne  Reign  of  Timiir  Bek.    ^^  187 

to  the  fea,  five  leagues'diftarit,  and  was  the  greateft  that  had     A,  D. 
been  fince  the  time  of  Jenghtz  Kh&n.     Tirrihr^  who  was  en--    *^35'4»  " 
raged  at  the  rudenefs  of  the  anfwer,  and  unpertinent  reafons  ^''*^'"^ 
aUedged  by  the  khin,  marched  in  order  of  battle ;  and,  when 
the  army  had  pafled  Darbend,  they  fnrprifed  and  cut  to  pieces 
the  orda  of  Kayt^g^  which  encamped  at  the  foot  of  mount 
AMrz. 

Here  an  ambaflador  from  Tokatmtjb  was  coming  to  the  Timir. 
c^mp  ;  but,  on  fight  of  the  army,  he  -returned  through  fear,  mett  hifui 
At  Terii  (D)  word  being  brought,  that  the  fcouts  of  the  ene- 
my were  encamped  on  the  Kby  (E),  Tim4r,  with  choice  men,- 
hafted  in  the  night ;  and,  furprifing  them  in  the  morning,  cut 
moA  of  them  off.  Thence  he  continued  his  road  to  the  Sa* 
venj  (F),  where  he  encamped  ;  at  the  fame  time  that  the  khan, 
widia  formidable  army,  encamped  on  the  banks  of  the  Terk  (G), 
furrounded  with  wagons  :  but,  on  Tim^r^s  approach,  he  re- 
turned back,  either  through  fear,  or  to  gain  a  more  advanta- 
geous jground.  While  Tokdtmtjb  arrived  at  the  K&ra  (H),  the 
emperor  crofled  the  Terk,  and  marched  towards  the  country 
of  KAiat  (1),  in  quefl:  ofprovifipns.  The  fcouts  having  brought 
advice,,  that  the  kh^n  had  rallied  his  troops,  and  was  marching 
by  the  lower  part  of  the  river,  Tim^ir  ranged  his  army  in  , 

order ;    and,   always  preferving  the  rifing  ground,  wheeled 
about  to  face  the  enemy. 

Next  morning  the  two  armies  began  to  move.  Timir  di-  Famous 
▼ided  his  into  feven  bodies,  placing  at  the  head  of  them  thofe^^^^<^- 
who  had  the  title  of  Baha^  (or  courageous) ;  and  the  infantry 
before  the  cavalry,  covered  ^th  their  bucklers.  The  Mirza 
Mehemed  SoH&n  commanded  the  main  body,  ftrengthened  with 
the  braveft  men  of  the  army;  while  Timir  placed  himfelf  at 
the  head  of  twenty-feven  chofen  companies,  who  compofed  the 
body  of  referve.  The  battle  began  with  ftiowers  of  arrows, 
accompanied  with  the  cries  Give  arid  Jldy,  Hold  and  take. 
After  this,  a  great  detachment  from  the  enemy's  right  wing 
attacked  the  left  wing  of  Tim^r'% ;  who,  upon  notice  thereof  . 

(D)  A  town  of  Ddrhend,   La  and  the  Koy^  which  falls  into  the 
Crptjc-^lt  is  the  capital  of  Da-  Cajpian.    La  Croix, 
gbeftM^   or  Tdghejtun^  chat  isy        (G)  The  fame  as  the  7Vm^^/, 
the   jaiountain  country,  on   the  riiing  on  mount  ^//i^rs:, and  fall- 
ihore  of  the  Cajpian  fea,  above  ing  into  the  Cafpiant   La  Croix, 
100  mi\c%  TiOxtYi  oi  Ddrbcnd.  (H)  A   river  in  Kipjdk,  be- 

(E)  A  river  of  Ddrhendy  near  tween  the  Kayju  and  the  ^£rk\ 
Terki  [rather  Degheftdti\\  which  it  rifes  in  mount  Alhur%y  and 
falls  into  the  Cafpian  fea.     La  falls  into  the  C/^/pian.  La  Croix, 
Croix.  (1)  A  fortrefs  in  Georgiay  near 

(FJ  A  river  between  the  Terk    T^Hs,  on  the  Terk.  La  Croix. 

marched 

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$9%  HiftpfjpfibeVi^^i^JUm.      B.VI, 

'194*    th(i(CQaipswKg  purfiui^  thm  to  thc^  inaio  bodyi  ^%  raUied* 

V^i^B^aid  SMde  thcai  ^qu,  ia  tbtir  ujfg,  ypon  the  odw  coBma- 

nic^  wko,  by  this  o^eaiHB,  yta:t  brok/^,  aad  begsm  to  fly« 

Tfa^  Kiif&ks,  \f Ui^  to  ofl^kc  thei^  s^dvW^  of  thi^  dUb^dltr^ 

%4^vjux;ed  npoo  tjbe  oKhor^  aa  £ur.  a^  ^wi^e  TiWr  X|ias  po(l<4^ 

Timftr  /«  whom  they  boldy  attacked ;  and,  notwithffanding  his  vigoroQg 

dattmm^     sefiA^Mpcf^  |1^  >^hifcb  be  dMcb^fgpd  all  bU  arrows,  and  bc^ke 

^^^      ^  |iaj^*pil^  to  O^^ff^T  W  bfimiBcd  him  in,  if  the  AaMr 

£4qv^  JMrp'A^  i^M  A<^  difnaowM^  by hkn»  wkb  fift j.otjiei% 

a84  )^^  off  ^  f  Qco**;  ▼^^  tbdr  acrows» 

The  •«mei»r's  (|n,^ff  b^OTg^  moce^to  bisaffiAanGC  s  Jfir^ 
i&#m^/ii(2A/,^bi?0|tIitt  4ii^h^^  %x^Tuzel Bamrfii^  too^  tllMt 
9^  the.  faev^'ft  w^ggQiasr  and  jofaied  them  juft  before  TjMt^ 
4^  fix4K9?i9*  thft  £n«iHy«  aad  try  ^bceak  the  fanks^  AttA' 
S44  c^Ltntf  ¥^  hisfakhiMi  c^mpaay ;  »ady  difiaonfttiag^  plftc^ 
hkifttf  P<ar  tl^  9heyJUi  N^t^'Mn.  Hujkym  Mdiek  Kdetim 
ipri  2^A  X4K/i  ariin^  witbtbeir  cinbanen.  Th6reg^meat»  ^ 
yaa^d^  caoM  ^iSfK  ^th  the^borfttail  (OPefbed;  aiid  Ufioni^  wfk 
]|aft  coiapafl^s  peAed;  bimfeli  hefaiod  ibe  gcuwdB.  AU  diefe 
jMdkc^,  ha^^  d^foKMH^tod^  <^paied  tbo  enenaf ;  luriio^Bahdo 
CfOntiaual  attac;k».oa  tl;irai»  and  peEfom^  a^oos  of  the  of 
90(1  i^ur.  mJdJM  HuffoLywy  who  conducted  the  van-^iard 
of  TinUir's  left  wing,  advanced  bet\yeen  Kottfi  Ag}m^  who 
oimiaaaded  the  eneoif 's-  ri^t^  s^id  f  lanted  hioifeif  behiDud 
Jkti^y^  who  bokUy  facsd  the  emgeror.  Mean  tirae>theMin^ 
Jf^hernal  SokM  mc^i  to  the  left  of  his  fatiier^  with,  hk 
^ecFturs.;  who  braveljf  puibid  oa^  ths  ea^my^  aad)  with-  theiif 
^etffi^  andl^H^^,  ranited  th«r  n^fr  wteg^  ai|d  GoaifaauBed 
^ftkto:flyr<. 
Bravely  Twb  Ami%  B^  SojififMn^  w^  commanded  thd^^tatv-gaarA 
fupported.  of  the  rightwiag,  JFound  hiaifiatf  laorr  prefled  tha^the  omrs^:^ 
fiac  he  was  iaciofedby  the. eQatoy's-laft  >  fo  thoty  defpaiiai^  o( 
his  Ufe,,  ha  difinooated- with  his  itoman.  But,  altho'  the  Kiff^ 
Uks.  coatmoaUy  iacnbafedv  aiui.feli  o&  witb  their  lances  ami 
{words,  yet  Sayfo'ddin'%  foldiers,  holding  their  bnckicrs  before 
ibcm,  did  not  ceafe  repalfiag  them  with  thdr  arrows;  till 
Jehdn  Shah  BahSck^.  coming:' to  theii^  affiftance  from  aaochei) 
parr  of  the  fields  fblkimpetuouflf  wkb  his  toman  on'the^ene' 
my;  Hereupon  an  obAinate  fighf  began,  and  af  horribte  flatigh^ 
tcr  was  made :  but  at  length  the-rafl'-giiard  of  the  Kif/dla  left" 
wing  gave  way.  Mean  ttait  the  Mirza  Rxtft^m^  fon  of  Omar 
Sheykh,  tho'  k>  very  youi^,  ruflled  imjjetuoufly  on  the-  jnaia 
body,  and  put  them  to  flight.. 

<  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  p*  487— -45J.  c.  5P— £i» 
t.  TuiNCS 


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THiKbs  bdbg  in  this  fitnation,  Tdghiibi  Bahrin,  a  favourite 
and  relation  of  Tiokatn^Jb,  advanced  vnth  a  toman  of  brave 
men,,  and  called  oat  to  OzmAn  Bah&dr  to  meet  him«     Ozmiin  ' 
advanced  at  the  head  of  his  toman,  and  attacked  him :  after  ^f"*^  '^^ 
they  had  broken  their  fabres,  they  feizei  on  their  war-clubs  '^'^^O'- 
and  poignardsv;  then  grappled  like  two  enraged  lions.     Th« 
ibldiers  of  their  tomans  imitated  their  chiefs,  and  fought  hand 
t0  hand  with  great  fury.     At  lengdi  Ozm&n  Bahddr  overthrew 
bis  antagonift  ;  and  then  fell  on  his  troops  with  fuch  vigour, 
that  he  intirdy  defeated  them.     All  the  other  generals  per- 
formed their  duty  fo  well,  that,  after  a  long  and  obftinate 
batde,  they  put  the  enemy  into  diforder  :  yet  they  were  not 
certam  of  the  defeat,  till  Toktamljb  Khhn  (hamefully  turned  his   ' 
back,  followed  by  the.  princes,  and  generals  ^of  his  troops.  On 
this,  Tnnur'%  foldiers  rallied  ;  and,  joining  together,  fell  upon 
the  enemy,  crying  Fi6iory  I  They  flew  a  vaft  number,   and 
afterwards  hung  up  many  of  thofe  whom  they  took  alive. 

TIMURy  finding  himfelf  fure.  of  the  viftory,  gave^  God  Purfms 
thanks  on  his  knees,  received  the  congratulations  of  his  offi-  Tokta- 
cers ;  and,  getting  an  exaft  information  of  all  who  had  ferved  mxih» 
weU  on  this  occafion,  diftributed  his  treafures  liberally.    Parti-' 
cularly,  on  the  Amir  Sheykh  NAro'ddin^  who  had  fo  fignally 
cxpofed  his  life  to  fave  his  prince,  he  conferred  a  higher  pofl;;* 
prefentcd  him  with  a  horfe  of  great  price,  a  veft  of  gold  bro- 
cade, a  belt  fet  with  precious  ftones,  and  1 00,000  dinars  A/j- 
^ghi.     Befides  thisj  he  made  a  general  promotion  of  officers. 
Being  come  to  the  fCoray  (K),  he  left  the  baggage  and  bcpty ; 
then  marched,  at  the  head  of  his  beft  troops,  in  purfuit  of 
tokatmtjh :  but,  when  he  arrived  at  th^Wolga^  the  khan' hav- 
ing crofled  it,  he  ftaid  at  a  paflage  called  TAratA.     There  he  Mahs 
crowned  Koyrichak  Jglen,  fon  of  Urus  Khdriy  who  was  an  offi-^^y"-  ^ 
cerof  his  court,  emperor  of  Kifjdk ;  and  fent  him,  with  xh^^^^^^* 
fquadron  of  Uzbeks,  over  the  Wolga^  to  gather  the  troops  of 
his  nation,  and  govern  his  new  fubjefts.     Mean  time'  the  Ja^ 
gatayans  purfued  the  fugitives  as  far  as  Ukek  (L),  flaying  and 
taking  captive^  a  g^eat  number ;  while  others  crofled  the  JVolga 
on  floats :  and  Tokatmijb,  feeing  himfelf  clofely  prefled,  fled 
bto  the  impenetrable  forefts  of  B4ldr  (M).     The  acmy  ad- 

(K)  A  river  in  the  Kuheftdn  bray^  fifteen  leagues  from  each, 

of  Georgtat  which  falls  into  the  La  Croix. —  Elfewherc  he  fays, 

Ca/pian,  to  the  north  of  Terii.  neB.r  Bteigdr  and  Samera, 

La  Croix >  (M)  Bu/dr  is  Bu/gdr  (or  BuU 

(L)  Oiukek,  or  Okak,  The  lad  gdria),  reaching  as  far  2$Siberiaf 

town  dependent  on  Saray^  Qn  the  along  the  nver  Kamdl  {or  Kama), 

^^o/ga,  between  Bu/gdr  and  Je-  to  the  ley  fea.   La  Croix, 

Mod,  Hist,  Vol.  V.  T  vanccd 

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viuiced  cm  the  weft.  fide.  of.  thci rins^  dtt:  thqfbOMHe*  opppfite 
te  tlie  pUce  wbera  they,  had  boeain  .dm^fisft)  campaign  tinhki» 
'  is  near^  the.  dark  oceim^  oc/e^.  fea.;  aad^  ia>tb6tr.  returaiy,  nh. 
vgged  the.  country^  bringing  away  an  immeafeJiooty  o£:gold^ 
fdvfir^  precious  ftooes^  fpottod^  and  fiu»»  wih  boys  and  {^1^4)6 
gimc  b^uty^ 
KaraYu'.  *  WKiLE  T/nsivr. was. om  this  .expedition^  £tm.  Ttf/i^  aflbn*' 
iti files,  bkfl  a.  troop  of  Turkmans  abcHit  y^/^if  (or .  UdfiTSUja},^  witii> 
dpi^P  to  attack  Koy  :  but  tbe..emperory  afiet  th&Jat^JMttlor 
haYtog  f<mt  troops, into  /njn  and  GreAt  Bukiaria^.  toi  preveat 
d^ordersi  tbe^Mkusi  Ph-  Me^emad^  Mrhajcoipmandadi tlL&ibi^ 
n»art  marched  to  Kpy,;  and  from. thence^  b]^theid^fi^of  «£&«» 
D^rra  (N),  to  BmdAUbi  (O),  where  Airra  Wj^lay  encamfK 
ed^  buty  on  Jiis  .approach^  that  rd^berfied^  and.;wa«xpcu;^iei 

Timiir  Me^i«  tiaiiS  TimiK^  reviving  *  to  cooqnerv  the*  jeftfof:  >^r 

ifimtules     on  the  iidexf .  K^jak^.  entfired  the  gce^t  defart^  which^ead^  iato 

EMrgf>a^  ac^  the  great  river  Uzi^  or.Borifibenes.     H&vCf  at  a 

tQWB  called  MankuTMUy  on- that,  river,  he  found.  iSi^-^aroi 

Jglen,.  mthothtii.Ujibek Tatars ;  nM>fbo£.whamiWer©^utt^ 

p^oes^  and ,  their  effisfb  pillaged*     Bqfh  Tcmir'^gl^iZudJk^ 

t^.CUfff&i  ibt^Uzi,  and  fledintatke  country  of  J/^nRA/a>  (P); 

M^bok  inhabitants^  being  thei^.enen^ies^  fo  harai&d  them,  tl^ 

the  tomaq  of  Jkiaa  flod  to  Jfra  ^akaiaJl^,  or  JnatoHa^  aa^ 

'  ther«  fettki. 

aftdrama'     TJMC/RthcHf  changing  hia  rottte,  marched  tow^s  JWkj/^ 

^ej  KuiTia.covyy  VLXidCreat  RvJJia.     At .  the -Tlwa/f  (or  Don)  tht  army 

again  oxe^took,  Bik  Tarok,  and^purfued  him^^as-iar-  a&  A4tf{v» 

Si.XQ^)y  a.to\yn  of  Great.  RnjffiayvAndx  they  piil^ed*'   His 

'  wires. and  children,  who^feil  inta> their* hands,  were  kindly 

tneated  by  the  emperor.    This  -  prince  went ,  in  perfon  ta  Mof- 

km,^  which  'was  5)illai^  -,  while,  parties  .were  fetit  -  to  ravage 

.  all  the  -provinces  of,  jGreat  Mufcovy^-  z.nd,>UrHsjiJ^f  or^-  Lktk 

Ruffia;  who.  returned  with  prodigbus. droves  of  cattle,  aad 

beautiful  captives,  befides  inuncnfe  riches,  of  ^11  kinds.     7?^. 

mur^  after  this,,  departed  towards  Bdidmiin  (or  the  PahiS 

'   (Ni   A  de:file  of,  mpuotalns,  Foft  by  a  kind  6f -fluicei  La 

at  prefent  the  bounds  between  Croix  had  crofied  if. 

Pirr/tM  and  Turiy  :    the  French         (P)  A  country  between  the 

traoHator  has  pafled  them.    La  B^ryfihena  and  -  Btamh^,  La 

Croix.  Croix. 

(O)  A  little  river,  wher^  they         (Q)  Otherwife  called  A#r^ I 

{hot  up  the  £ih  of  the  lake  of  on  the  frontiers  of  Poland^  La 

'  -       ^  Craix, 

Maotis) ; 


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dji  flti  Reign  ^^T!im^^  \  ^9^ 

M^sy;tnd,  beipg5:arriifed'  fLt.J?4k'(R,)l  ordered  that;  thfe    A.  D; 
Mokammedans  ihould  be  fet  at  liberty,  and  the  other  inhabit-     i394* 
aotS  pot' to: the  fwoW.    Rrdm'Jicnce  be.mdrcheA  his  trc>aps  ^— %-^ 
fl>&*«i'(S) :  but,  ^3.thc  Curias  had  deftroyed  all  the  pafturd 
gKmnd?  bctiween  thdfe  two  t©whs;  a  gfcat  nuiriber  of  hobfes 
dW,^  and:  they  fiiff^tcJd  uiilc^lFor  dgKt  days.    From  Kuban  thS 
Wrm' Meh^'(tSoItMt  dSixd'Mrdn  Shih  wett  (ef^t  to  conquer 
Gierhqffia  r'wMch  they  ciFe6ted,  bringingJaway.  infinite  fpoif"* 

A^TBit  this,  Ti^wi^  retTlrftca  towards  mbunt  AMrz.    On  Ritams  to 
tte  way^  feme  ftjrry  fellows^  who  aFe  neyer  wanting  in  the  Georgia. 
Wtteof^jlrinces^  acctifed,X?ziri^;z  Abb&.oi  cAwx$  which  had! 
i^/ounditiori  :,butl,*  as  7?mtir  had  before  fufpefted  <2zm<j»'«: 
fttelitj^  hq'drdefdd'  that  iUiiftricJbs  amfr,  who',  oil  fo  inany  od* 
cafibns*,  had  .ghrcjcr  proofs  oif  his  conra^  and  condoft,  t9  be  * ' 

piit:t6[  death-.  .Tberempc?or,:h^ng»adefign  to  deftroy  thi^ 
infidels,'  lA^rched:  tp\«Af ^s  B&rdubetdi,  .  to"  attatk .  Buraiehl 
prlpcr.of  the  nation  X)f  4^i  H^  afcchdcd  mount  JlMrz^  f<^ve- 
ral  times  attacked  the  Georgians,  pat!  a  great  nnmbeSr  of  thenii 
to  the  f*bra  ;.aml  tlfinM^th&forln^ds,  ^w^h  they  had  deemed 
inocceffifele.  On  hi§  riotej',  hcinadc  ^.fplendid  feaft,  for  joy 
of  his  fucc^s" ;  aftef\whic*h,  he'ag£n.left  ^he  hod^ oFthe  armjr^ , 
to  attack  the  fortneflei  (A  Mia  ahd  Tkii/i  in  Georgia^  fiturfte  bw 
nft)9jntaiii8  inhabited  by  ^  the^  feme'  peppiCi'  as  thofe  of  mount 
Atbiirz'%  and  fo  'fteep^  tHat'  one  is  dazzled  to  look  at  themV 
That,  bn  whofe  ridge  Taw/ Hands,  is  fo  highi  that  no  archer 
can  hit  it  with  his  arrbW. 

TJMUR  ordered  the  toiMn*of  3f^*n>x,  tfie  moflr  dexterous'  Fortre/s  of 
inthe'wortd  at  climbing  mouhtairisi  toafcend  the  rock :  but,  Tawi, 
aftei'going'rotmd  it;  they  could  not  find  one  Tiiigle  paflkge  to' 
tha  cwle.    The  emperor,  concerned  at  this',  at  length  caufed* 
a  greatt  nuihber  of  .ladders  to  be  made,  whith  might' be  jdned' 
together.    Bdng  gotten,  by  thefe  hclps^  to  the  top  of  the 
fim  ridge^f  the  inotmtain,'  a  troop  of  the  forlorn  hope  bound- 
thcmfelVes with  cords;  and,  having  faflened  theends.of  the* 
cords  to  the  ridgerof  the  mountain,  came  down  even  witH* 
the  place,  where  the  befiegcd  overwhelmed  them  with  ftones; 
and  flew  them  ia:heaj)s.'  But,  as  the  whole  army  were  conti- 
nually mbuiiting  the  ladders,'  and  defcendihg  before  the  places^' 
the  beii^ed  Ipft  courage;  (6  that  they  could  not  hinder  the' 
cafHe  from  being  taken  by  thcjagatays^  wh6  put  to  the  fword' 

■  Hift.  Tim.  Bck,  p.  495-*-505.  c.  53—56.  > 

(R)  The  fame  with  J/bf  (as         (S)  Capital  of  Cherkajfta,  La 
the  Europtans  call  it)  at  the  mouth    Croix . 
of  the  Don, 

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292  Hiftory  of  the  MogiHs  ani  Tatart.        B.  VJ^ 

A.  D.    all  thft  men  of  the  nation  of  Irkawn  who  had  retired  thimer : 
1 394*    the  governors  of  the  place,  and  he  of  KMa,  were  alfo  put^to 
'—v^  death. 

and  Pulad     From  .thence  the  army  marched  towards  the  fcMtrefs  of  Pu- 
imken ;       lad,  by  the  way  of  BaiakhAn\  where  they  were  all  fixr^hed 
with  honey,  the  quantity  was  fo  great.    The  governor,  named 
Pulad  alfo,  refofmg  to  deliver  up  UiarH,  one  of  the  great 
amirs  of  Kif>jdk,  who  was  retired-  diither,  tim4r  ordered  a 
paflage  three  leagues  long  to  be  cut  through  a  thick  wopd,  in 
order  to  come  at  the  caftle,  which  is  fituated  on  at  very  fteep 
defile  of  mountains.     The  enemy  b^a^i  the   attack   firft :' 
but,  being  quickly  defeated,  the  Ja^atays  entered  the  place, 
and  put  to  the  fword  all  who  were  capable  of  bearing  arms* 
However,  three  companies  of  Ceorgians,  and  UiarM,  fled  :  the 
companies  were  purlued  to*  the  top  of  a  mountain  ;  and,  after 
their  defeat,  were  all  caft  into  the  fire:  while  7i'»ii)r  followed 
UtarH  to  the  middle  of  mount  JIMrz,  in   a  place  called 
Jb^fa ;-  where  he  was  at  length  feized,  after  an  obftinaife  de- 
£ence,  and  loaded  with  chains 
nuith  other     THE  army,  having  pillagcil  all  the  inhabitants  of  this  great 
places.       and  famous  mountain,  marched  againft  the  country  oi  Sem- 
fern  :  whofe  lord,  Mehemed,  fon  of  GayAr  KMn,    came  to 
offer  It,  with  his  fubjedls ;  «and  was  enrolled  among  the  officers 
of  Timor's  court.     They  then  afcended  the  mountain,  whi- 
ther fome  of  the  inhabitants  had  fled ;  who  bdng  taken,  the 
emperor  ordered  them  to  be  bound,  and  precipitated  from  rht 
rocks.     There  were  feveral  places  in  Georgia,  out  of  which 
neither  horfe  nor  foot  could  get,  without  gently  Aiding  down  the 
,         fteep  hills  :  yet  no  difficulties  diverted  HmHr's  zeal,  who  at 
length  cleared  this  country  of  the  infidels,  deftroying  their 
images  and  churches,  as  well  as  their  houfes.     Thence  'he 
marched,  by  mount  Jwhdr,  to  Bifbkunt  (T) ;  whofe  inhabitant? 
he  rewarded  with  largefles  and  lands,  becaufe  they  had  long 
Koflak      before  offered  him  their  fervice.     He  then  proceeded,  and  ra- 
robbers      \5aged  the  countries  of  the  Kojfdks  of  JutAr  (in  Georgia),  pnt- 
Jlaiti,         jjj^g  all  thofe  robbers  to  the  fword.     From  thence  he  went  to 
Bogdz  K&m,  a  defile  of  mountains,  where  the  inhabitants  of 
Mamkatu  and  Kazi  KomAk  came  to  make  their  fubmiflions. 
There  now  remained  unconquered  in  Georgia  only  the  ifles ; 
whofe  inhabitants,  called  Balekchian,  that  is,  jifbermeriy  con- 
'    fided  in  their  fluid  rampier  :  but,,  as  it  was  winter,  and  the 
waters  were  frozen  two  cubits  in  thickiiefs,  the  foldiers  pailed 
over  ;  and,  having  pillaged  their  houfes,  brought  them  away 
prifoners  to  the  camp. 

(T)  A  town  of  Georgia. 

At 


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C.  32  Thi  Reign  of  Tirnftr  Bck.  129  j 

,  4^T  this  time  Timir  receiving  advice  from  his  lieutenant  in    A.  D. 
/Ttf/i  7Vr*A^  (or  4*r^A2;|),  of  foAe  treafonable  praftices  in     i3?4- 
'Mahmidiy  the  kelonter  (or  governor)  began  his  match  thi-  ^TTyT*^ 
ther,  altho*  the  winter  was.  extremely  fevere.     The  walls  of  ^^l^  ^^^' 
this  city  are  clofe  to  the  fFolga,  which  runs  round  them  by  ^  *y 
means  of  the  ditches,  and  U>  fervcs  for  a  rampier :  but,  as 
the  river  is  frozen  in  winter,  they  ufually  build  a  wall  of  ice; 
as  ftrong  ^  one  of  brick,  on  which  they  fling  water  in  th6 
night,  that  the  whole  may  congeal,  and  become  one  piece  5 
wherein  they  make  a  gate.    7i»«2r,  being  come  near  Haji  Ter- 
kMn,  approached  the  city  with  only  a  few  men :  and,  as  Mah' 
m&di  was  obliged  to  go  but  to  ibeet  the  emperor,  he  was  ar- 
refted,    and  fent  towards-  Saray,  under  the  conduft  of  the 
Mirza   Pir'  Mehemed;  who,  in  his  way,   having  pafled  the 
Wolga^  which  was  frozen,  purfuant  to  the  orders  given  him, 
'thruft  his  prifoner  under  *the  ice;    When  he  came  to  Saray ^ 
capital  of  Kipjdk  (U),  he  mad^  the  inha:bitants  go  forth,  and 
then  reduced  it  to  a(hes ;  to  revenge  the  burning  of  Zenjir  *  ' 

Saray ^  the  palace  of  Soltan  Khazhn  Kh&n  (in  1387),  when  it 
was  without  a  governor,  and  there  was  no  king  in  Great  Buk-  " 
hdria.  After  this,  Tim4r  returned  to  the  winter  quarters  at 
Biigdz  Kom  ;  and,-  as  his  army  had  been  extremely  weakened 
by  the  fevere  weather,  which  had  killed  moft  of  the  horfes, 
and  rendered  provifions  exceffively  fcarce  (W),  he  ordertd  the 
{polls  of  Saray  and  Haji  Terkhdn  to  be  divided  among  th6 
.fcjdiers'*', 

"  All  the  countries  of  Ktpj^  and  Kefer  (X),  with  the  weft  Georgia 
and  north  .parts  of  xht^Cafpian  fca,  werfe  now  reducted  under  Ar^^^   ^ 
Tim^r^s  dominion  :  the  towns  and  provinces  of  thofe  climates' '^'^^,^^^- ' 
h&d  likewife  all  been  plundered,  as  Ukek,  Majdr  (or  Hungary)\  "^;  79^- 
Little  RiiJJia,  Cherhaffia,    BdJbgQrod,  (Y),    Mekes  or  Mojhow\ '"  ^'  ^• 
j^zdk^  KUhhriy  and  Alki  (Z).     All  tfie  princes  of  thofe  coun-       *^  * 
trids  had,  moreover,  given  afTurances  of  their  obedience ;  and 
t^ie  cnenjy  fcatter^d.    At  the  beginning, .  ther<ifore,  of  the  year 

^  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  p.  505^^5 14.  p.  56 — 60. 

•(  P)  Where  refidcd  the  Tir-  (X)  The  province  betwisen 

tar  kings  of  I>iJ/^/^tfrif«,  which  Khoraffan  and  the  Cajfian  fea. 

is  tlie^r^^Bameofi^;^^[ra-  I^a  Croix.                                   ' 

ther  KafcMk,Kafjdk,  or Kipjdk},  '^  (Y)  A  town  (of  Ki't/aL    La 

Btv^tcd  on  the  fFo/^a.  La  Croix.  Croix, 

{ W)  A  pound  o^  millet  fold  (Z)  A  town  and  country  be- 

«fbr  fevcnty  dtnirsir<?/ff^r*;  the  twttTi  Georgia  ^^Vi^riit  Black  Se0. 

hcskidi  of  anpx  for  190  jand  that  Lu  Croix, 
4^f  a  ihcepfoi:  250, 

'  •       -  '  T  3^  79«» 

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Tim*r 
returru  to 
Iran, 


tered  ia  tj^J^^  J^,5Y?^  *^^4?V#.  §^^  ^^f¥f^ 

Jt A)  A  cm^^^  (ajid  toT^pJ  of   44-45^/  c^ P^if^^  ^  f^^' 

Croix.  S>^i^J?£ifiS^^m^k^^V 

by.  confoundt^*  tup  oufaaf 


Min^relta.     La  Creix. 

1%)  Tb»8  (ccms  iQ  te  tj\g  cr- 

timcsinferis  names  an4j?.¥pjja^^- 
tions  of  his  own  in  the  text.  The 


towns  of 

^ween  Darkled:  ?»d  ,, , 


SIMJ^K 


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Googlt 


B^l^jfjm,  tjr»<j^f^,Tn  JK^f^^w,  vhich  Irad  fufferea  a 
•ik^^bf  ^-flifte  yifers,  was  fo  preflcd  by  ShM  ShihAn,  and  the 
*ttoiSip%  ci*^^&ntta^\oytA  thefeih,  that 'all  the  ihhabifaiits,  jis^    .^ 
•%^'is  gait!foftf  were  flain  in  the  uflkults,  i&xcepting  Gudcrz  ^^^^^ 
'the'gbvehidr,  and  fix  others;  '^Vho,  being  at  length  obliged ^^^'^^ 
to 'fiii*rctidfer  the  jplace,  was  put  to  death  for  his  obftihacy. 
'After  this,  trhHe  Ttm&k  KUchiny  governor  6f  Tdzd^  was  goiie 
Ho  'the  impciial  cadip,  'the  Soitdn  Mchemed,  fon  of  'Aha f aid 
^^befiy  with  ^fometltxitfe,  'fotitierty  in'the  ferviCe  of  the  princes 
^6i*Mttzaf^,  'flew  Tewifki  iietlt^ndnt,  with  feveral  of  the  _grcat      ' 
•dEcers  of  that  city ;  ianfl/feizing  ^he  public  treafure,  -with  fe- 
'irferal  loads  of  fluff,  Hefi^nedfor  the  femprefs,  aflertibledkn  iii- 
'Uttite  Tiumber  of  profligate  'fellows,  Whom  he  cloathed,  and 
t'gare  money  to.     On  *a3vice  of  this  fedition,  Ptr  Mchcmed^ 
^ta-trf"  Om^  Bheykhy  marched  from  Shtraz  with  the  army  ik 
P$rs :  and,  being  joined  by  thofe  of  the  neighbouring  prb- 
'iKiit^,  went  and  befieged  7^2^/.     Ti?m1r  nKo  fent  thither  the        i 
.^iltrzz  <Pir  Meh^medy  fon  of  Jehdn  Ghir^  with  confiderable 
troops ;  who  gave  two  aftaults  each  day,  yet  could  not  reduce 
ihe.pkce  by  force:  but,  after  a  long  flege,  in  which  30,000 -^^^^/f/^-/- 
'ilted  of  famine,  the  eneitiy  dug  their  way  out  under  thd  ditch.  /^^^« 
"However,  being  puffued,  thfcir  leader  Mchemed  was  killed  near 
^fMn^rd  (*) ;  while  Tome  oif  hi^  followers  were  flain,  aad 
tte  r^ft  burnt  alive.     Ttrrtdr^    pJtyitig  the  poor  inhabitahts, 
foi^ve  the  drears  of  taxes ;  and  put  thdr  city,  which  had 
teen  rumed'by  the  rebels,  in  a  flourifliing  condition  again  \ 

CHAP.    IV, 
Tinlir  invades  and  confers  Hinduftan. 

^^^JMUR,  being  arrived  at  *S^W/7()/<j,  releafed  Soltan  ^)y2r,  Timfir. 
^  prince  of  Mardin,  and  reftored  him  to  his  territories,  returns. 
He  then  mardied  to  Hamadhny,  and  then  fdnt  troops  to  Nah'ti- 
'^wend  (in  Perjian  Irdk),  againft  Behlul,^  who  had  llain  the  ge- 
Berons  Atr^ir  Mezid  Berlds,  gOA^ernpr  .of  that  city,  and  re- 
volted. Thofe  forces,  having,  with  abundance  of  fatigue,. 
taken  the  place,  cut  in  pieces  all  the  rebels  who  defended  it, 
and  burnt  their  ringkader  aHve ;  the  amirs,  who  commanded 
it  the  fiege,  were  after\vards  ordered  to  exterminate  the  rob- 
berg  of  Lorefttn ;  and  then  march  to  the  Perftan  gulf,  and 
hidg  under  his'  obedience  all  the  maritime  places,  as  tar  as. 

*  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  p.  514 — 524  c.  60—64. 
(•)  A  city  ofKhoraffatt^  Otherwifc  called  Mchrejdn  and  Bsferayn^ 

T  4  the 


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Hiftory  of  the  Mogub  and  Tatars.       B.  VJ. 

the  borders  of  Harmtiz,  or  OrmAz:  which  they  at  length  ef- 
feftcd.     Timur^  after  hunting  in  the  plain  of  Hamaddn^  dif- 
'  banded  his  army ;  and,  July  the  30th,  fet  out  for  Samarkant, 
marching  in  one  day  as  fax  as  others  would  in  three  or  four. 
Havmg  pafled  through  Verami  (**)  ^nd  Bejiam  (f),  he  entered 
TLhQrdJfariy  of  which  h^  made  the  Amir  Allahdad  infpeftor- 
g^neral,     Th(?n  crofljng  the  JiHn  in  boats,  at  Am&ya^  he 
went  to  his  palace  of  Ak-Jaray^  in  Kajh  \  where,  after  receiving 
the  compliments  of  all  the  great  lords  of  divers  provinces,  who 
came  to  congratulate  his  return,  he  made  a  fole^  feaft  ;  and 
then  went  to  Samarkant^  where  he  was  joyfully  received,  and 
made  another  f^aft.     After  this,    he  gave  the  fharifs,  and 
men  of  letters,  part  of  the  fpoil  he  had  brought  home ;  pu- 
niftied  bad  governors,  againft  whom  complaints  were  mad^, 
putting  fome  to  death ;  and  exempted  all  the  fubj^fts  <^  his 
empire  from  taxes  for  three  years. 
fimfalact     tN  fpring  799,  Timur  ordered  the  palace  of  BAgH-JhemM  to 
built,        be  built,  In  a  garden  tb  the  north  (A)  of  Samarkant,  by  the 
Hcj.  799.  moft  flcilful  architefts  of  PArs  and  Baghdad,  It  had  a  pavilion 
A.  D*    at  each  of  the  four  corners  ;  and  the  w^ls  were  painted  in 
'  "  *  }97-     frefco,  with  fuch  art,  as  furpafled  the  \\ox\%o{  Art enk  Mdni{B), 
feveral  of  whofe  pieces  Timur  was  poflefled  of.     The  c<^^ 
was  paved  with  marble ;  and  the  bottom  of  the  walls,  both 
'V^ithin  and  vVithout,  were  covered  with  porcelain.     Wh^n  thie 
■  whole  was  finifhed,  Tbnur  ordered  a  royal  feaft,  with  fumptu- 
Shah       •  ous  banquets,  plays,  and  diverfions  ;  at  which  he  invefled  hp 
R&kh       fourth  fon,  the  Mim  Shdh  Rukh  Bahadr^  fovereign  and  abfo- 
made  king.  \y^^^  prince  of  the  kingdoms  of  Khoraffan,  Sijldn,  and  Mazin- 
derdiiy  as  far  as  Firuzktlhy  and  the  city  of  Ray  :  deeming  Afo- 
rajfdn^  by  its  fituation,  fitteft  for  the  feat  of  his  kingdom,  as, 
lying  between  the  two  empires  of  Ir^n  and  Turhn.  (of  which 
he  was  mafter).     Then,  having  appointed  amirs  and  generals 
to  command  under  him,  he  tenderly  embraced,  and,  having 
kifled  his  ieyes  and  forehead,  difmifTed  him.     The  new  kbg 
croffed  the  Jihun  in  June-,  and,  arriving  2itHerdf,  chofe  for 
his  refidence  the  palace  of  B^gh-zaghdn,  that  isj^  the  Gardm 

{♦♦)  A  town  of  Kuheftdn  (in  Kajbijty  in  the  road  to  HWIf, 

Iraky^hxi  the  territory  of  Rej a.  La  £fteen  days  diflant. 

,  Croix.—ByReja {or R£^a}he(eem^  (f)  Or  Befadm^    a  town  of 

to  mean  Rey^  or  Ray,  Jt  is  ijien-  ^offiUSy  fauth  of  Maxdndtrdn. 

\\ont^  in  the  journal  of  the  Perr  (A)  fidgbi-foemdlix^^  tit 

I             jfian  merchant  taken  from  Aamu*  Garden  of  the  Ncrth, 

fio  by  Hakluyt,  Vol.  I.  p.  357.  (B)  The  moll  eminent  paint- 

and  placed  fix  days  loarney  from  er  of  China  and  Perfa.  La  Croix. 

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C.  4.  ^^  Rt^^of  TimfifJBck.  29^ 

qf  Crows  ;  where,  the  25dxof  September^  ht  had  a  foh  born,    A.  D. 
whom  the  emperor,  his  father,  n^xati,' Bay fankar^.  ^   '397-.. 

Mmn.  time  the  Mirza  Mehemed  S^tin^  marching  by  J9^x-  'i^— v***J 
raBJerd(C)  and7kr<9»  (D),  wenttaHarmiz  (or Ormfiz),  where  Harroiiz 
he  was  met  by  troops  which  had  taken  diiFerent  routes.     At  ^^^'^^^ 
the  foft  onfet,  they  reduced  thefevftn  fortrcfles,  which  are  the     ' 
bulwarks  of  that  kiifigdom ;  whofe  fovereign,  Mehemed  Shdh  (E), 
was  obliged  to  retire  to  Jertmy  where  he  was  conftrained  to  make 
peace,  {wearing  to  pay  sOi  annual  tribute  of  600,000  dinars. 
When  the  Mirza  was  on  his  return  to  Shirdz^  a  perfon  named 
Jum&Wddtriy  a  native  of  the  mountain  of  Firdzkuh,  who  rode 
at  th$  fide  (rf  his  horie,  ilruck  him  with  a  knife,  but  only 
wounded  him  ilightly.    The  villdn,  thinking  to  efcape,  got 
jip  to  the  ridge  of  the  mountain ;  but,  ftumbling  as  he  ran, 
fdl  into  a  predfMce,  and  was  killed.     This  prince,  having 
finiflied  the  campaign,  returned  to  the  court  at  Samarkant : 
where  Timtir,  at  this  time,  made  feveral  rich  prefents  to  Shama 
Jeh&nt  fon  of  Kezer  Kcja  Aglen  (king  of  Jetah) ;  and  fent 
him  to  his  father,  accompanied  by  KayHo*ddin  Terkhan^  to 
demand  his  fiiler^  Tukel  KhArdm^  in  marri^. 

At  the  fame  time  he  built  a  magnificent  palace  in  the  midft  Another 
of  ^e -garden,  caXleA,  Bighi  Dilenjba  (F),  jufl:  then  finiflied,  in  JpiemUd^ 
the  plaia  of  Khani  Gheul^  without  Samarkant,  and  gave  \i  palace. 
thp  name  oi  his  new  miftrefs  (G).     This  palacje  was  fquare ; 
each 'fide  1500  cubits  long;  and,  in  the  middle  of  each,  a 
very  high  gate.     The  edifice  was  three  ftories  high,  and  the 
roofs  exceeding  lofty.    The  cielings  were  adorned  with  flowers 
in  Mofdih  work,  and  the  walls  cov^ed  with  porcelain  of  ATa- 
Jbdn.     It  was  adorned  with  all  the  beauties  that  could  be  de- 
vifed ;  builf^ceedii^  flxong ;  and  furrounded  with  a  colo- 
nade  pf  m^rWe,  which  gave  it  a  majefiic  afpeft.     The  garden 
Wa$  iqoft  elegantly  laid  out  in  parterres,   wilderneflc^,   and 
allees,  bordered  with  fycamores,  and  delicious  fruit-trees.    At- 
each  of  the  four  ccMrners  flood  ^  very  lofty  pavilion,  covered 

^  Hift.  Tim.  Pck,  p.  52^—534.  c.  64 — 6%. 

(C)  A  city  of  Fdrsy  or  P^r/,  from  Texeira,  is  given,  Vol.  VI. 
where  they  find  fait  of  all  co-  P.  65.  yerom,  or  Jerun^  is  the 
lours  :  in  the  midft  of  the  tQAva  iHand  of  Ortptix ;  but  tKe  fort- 
is  a  hill  of  free-ftone.  LaCroix,  relTes  werp  on  the  continent  of 

f  D)  A  city  of  Fdrs^  near  Seyr-  Terfia. 
jdn  (or  Strjdn).  La  Croix  i.  (P)  That  is,  the  garden  ^wbicb 

(E)  This  prince  is  not  men-  rejoices  the  heart. 
<i#ned  among  the  kings  of  Har*        (G)  It  was  the  cuilom  to  dcr 


^i^,  or  Ormu^f^  >^hpfe  hiftory,    dicace  palaces  to  ladies^ 


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^th  porcekiQ  ringed  wiih  ttary  .ddiote  .AaSowii^,  -aitfl 
ranged  with  admirable  :flcilL 

^FTE&  thi^,  the  ciqfKmrtd^xtftdL  ior  fDA/bkum^  'tifitk^ 

in  Jiis  way,  dieiomb  of  ^Shqddi.^^hMri:; -and, ^hen  'wioter 

was  aver,  bearing  that  4lb0i  pAdc^s  i^s  tta  the  tdad,  ftU  the 

'  ladies  and  amirs  of  the  cottrt^wi^e  fast  oniioHebattk,   (vsLt^m 

days  journey,  to  meet  .her^    IHatvingmfctJnr,  :ihey  fprinyed 

^old  and  pnecious  ftoaes  0b  kervhnd.;  didilmi^  this  hotK>tfr 

diu;  to  a.great  Que^ni  on^  imnkiag.'flftagidficBdrfi&lfts  at  ev^ 

prda  th^  arrived  at,  'bre«ght  ^ar  litlleo^^oOdfm^r .     Theb 

];ie^aveordeiB  for«  gRaodTfeafl-;  xtd,  icnttA^diag  the  diidf 

Aiuti,  theiazi*s,  atid^ed^rs  of ifhekw,  te^dome  before  him, 

^y  married  him  acoai^iiig  to  Jthe  Moh/maaabm^txs. 

Emhajfy       J^BO u  T  -tfass  im^  ambaf&dfOTS  aorwed  tfhim  V^aim^z  Wj&fu, 

from        eraperor  of  Kat^  (H),.*wllii  \Br3r  caiEbiu  \pMfi5ilts,  and  were 

China.      foQ^  di^bufled.    Tiimr  'Aen  hfqxMmed  nhe  M6^  'Mek^meU 

SnbM,  ^QvemaTfOf  tfal;  froitiers  loljM^ukfi^,  with  Orders 

to  build  a.fortrefs  tbercu  at  the  tovm  ^f  u^&i^^  atid  40,000 

)u)rie  under  his  <omimild«    AfKer  -this,  in  the  ^b^jil^i^  of 

fpring,  he  left  CJmits^  «Dd  came  to  StukBtkam  ;  fttto  Ih^Kt 

Jie'weot.to^A;}^.    Ob  ^  anad,  £v^  imagoes  from  ^  ftA 

city,  itfaere  as  41  fiountain^  dCmt  tff  MUh  :^Higs  u  rt«c||- ;  ^md, 

jijiis  beii^  -an  ^gree^^k  pbc^  ^e  iCitif^eior  tird^ed  n  jgi«i^ 

^den  to  be4aaade  tiiare ;  and,  cm  fiie  top  of  ft  lock>  in  ^ 

middle  ^  i^,  a  fiea&ro^il^  to  iie  bcltt,  to^t^Mch  1^  gavt 

the  name  of  Tikt  XtLrJkJte^  thatis,  the  Slack  7»mitK 

Hiinvades.    ^FTER  the  deadi  «f  firrfz  *S«*  (I),  mtipetor  «f  Mfa, 

Hinduf.   ^^/A^  A%in  and  Sarmk^  two  ibrotheis,  ^b#  bid  tfiete  Us  ge- 

tin.         jutrals,  fdaced  hifi  gD«^n  fidltan  MaimM  M  «ile  tthrone ; 

})U£»  at  the  fame  time;  ufnrpiqg  lAtt  iiirdMtgn'pMf^thaiH 

/ebes,  ilfaM^  refided  ^  2>r/i  (K),  MemcMalmiii^  vbrt  5^irmi( 

|it^4//iSA{L).    On^dusoccafioo,  Tiiii^,  bdUg  peitmiSed  l^ 

»»  Hift.  Tfan.  Bek,  f .  5^-^**-  «.<4*-7<^ 

fH)  Or  JT/z^vi  by  which  is  of  KhsrqffSma  apudin  Hindufm, 

to  be  undeiHood  China  in  gene-  infl  fuccceded  that  of  the  GdzK 

ral  1   altho'  Kit^  properly  in^  in  the  year  11  cc, 
eluded  only . tke  provinces  to  the        {K)  Cilled  afib  belU^^t^  more 

north  of  the  IFhang-bo,    Tht  pfoj>erl/,/)^i*.  It  vwasthcB,  u 

emperor deitgned  by  T^m^s; was  it  is  now,  the  capital  of  Hiu' 

Hong"vu,  founder  of  the  family  di^tdn^  or  the  Mogols  empire ; 

pf  the  Ming^  fa-wingj  Or  fay*  aim  confiib  of  thncc  towuifSari, 

ming,  who  £ed  the  year  after.  Jehan-pena.  and  OldDeii, 

(I)  He  was  probably  a   de-        (L)   A*  city  fituatcd  on  tfcf 

fcendant  of  the  family  ofCaurii  river  JB4<&/. 

orGciur,  who  rcighed  in  Gtfs«<r  ' 

TuwJr 

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p. 

;0- 


The  inhabitants  of  this  place  h^vjng  ^pqityjalne^  jfhat  ^  Attach 
idolaters  of  mount  Ketnef,  an^  tjie  Si(ip/i/hes\i^),  exji,%d^.  Ket^cr, 
<^S&m  fums  oiF  the  Mohammedans^  under  the  de^pmiijatijpji  ^f 
^uilinte ;  and  that,  on  failure  of  pajrment 
ind  made  flaves  of  the  women  arid  childr 
.againft  diem.     Being  ^niye^   at  Perjd 
jkirza  Mftem  to  the  left,  witji  ip,boo  ji 

fAJbes\  and,  following  his  road,  c^me  tp  ^ 

found  a  demoliihed  djtad/sl,  wh;ch  he  CJ 
^ie  amirs  bc^n  tp  gicend  the  mountai 

fatigae ;  find,'  as  the  infidels  dwdt  in  jiarrc 

pices,  and  the  roads  to  thenj,  were  ^ov^red 

^ot  to  the  top,  ibme  of  them,  as  wejl  as  i. 

fjy  ropes,  while  others  i[lid  aD^vn  the  (i  withgrea^^ 

fort  of  raft  for  7tm^r,  2^x\d  let  it  down  difficulty. 

long,  faftened  to  rings  ;  and,  yr)\s:j^  h^  g 

place  in  the  fnow  lor  Him  tp  f^an(^  pn, 

'five  times  in  this  m^nq*,  il^f^j^  he  i^a 

(*)  A  city  to  thq  north  of  Bu^4ria.  The  SiafuJ^es  arc^^ 

Jdiibkn.    ta  Croix,  idolatroas   natipn,  doatjipd  jn 

j[M)  That  18,  a  religious  war,  black,  iphabitlngthe  mpant^in& 

}i^e  the  crvii?d^  of  Romamfii ;  fouth  of  Baddgshm*  Lk  Croix. 
^r,  k  fignAfieft  Qi^  Wl^o  cq^i^l9        (O)   A  la^yn  of  BadsgsJ^dm^ 

jn  fach  wars.  two  days  journey  from  Anderdb^ 

(Ny  Ketijfrt  Of  ^eta^t^,  ^s  ^  pe^  the  4ktfi/hgi.    La  Croix. 
mountain  in  the  kingclom  of  Ba-        (P)  OyKu^\  sl  town  at  the  foot 

4^tf»,intiie!?aJ?jarji9f^^^  ^{^S^Xjf^^t4er.    La  Croix. 

mountaim 

'  Digitized  by  VjiU\._/^lV^ 


Hifiory  of  the  Moguls  and  Tatars:        B.  VL 

motintaia.    Some  of  his  horfes  were  let  down  by  iwstfaes ; 
1>ut  only  two  got  lafe ;  the  reft,  for  want  ci  care,  fell  head- 
long, and  periChed.    Then  he  took  a  ftaff  in  his  hand,  and 
Valked  a  good  way;  after  which^niouadi^  bis  norfe,  the  army 
'  followed  on  foot «. 
^«/  the        The  infidels  of  this  country,  who  go  all  naked,  are  ftroi^ 
Siapftibcs.  men,  and  large  as  giants.    Their  kings  are  named  Oda  and 
OdaJMh :  they  hare  a  peculiar  language,  whidi  is  neither  Per- 
Jian,  Turkijhf  nor  Indian »  fo  that,  but  for  their  oe^bours, 
who  ferve*  for  interpreters,  they  could  neither  underftand,  nor 
be  underftood.     They  had  a  citadel,  at  whofe  foot  a  great 
river  pafles,  with  a  bridge  over  it ;  and  beyond  the  river  was 
a  high  mountain  :  but,  on  Timur*s  approach,  they  fled,  with 
their  efPefte,  to  the  top  of  this  mountain,  imagining  it  to  be 
inacceffible :  but  the  Jagatays  foon  got  up,  with  the  lofs  of 
fourteen,  who  fell  from  the  top  headlong ;  and  attacked  the 
enemy  on  all  fides.     The  fight  lafted  three  nights  with  un- 
lieard  rf  obftinacy :  but  at  length  the  infidek,  after  the  lofe 
of  great  numbers  of  men,  begged  quarter,    ft  was  granted, 
on  condition  that  they  fubmitted,  and  turned  Mohammedans  ; 
which  they  did  on  the  fourth  day :  but,  at  night,  having  pot 
to  the  fword  an  intire  rq;iment,  except  a  very  few^.the  whole 
army  got  upon  the  mountain ;  and,  following  Mohammed's 
precept  to  fpare  the  wpmen,  cut  to  pieces  all  the  old  and  youi^ 
men ;  then  raifed  towers-  of  their  heads,  and  left  a  marbk 
engraved  n^th  the  hiftory  of  this  aftion. 
t>ifirn$        Mean  time  the  Siapiifhes^  on  the  approach  of  the  Mirza 
ihiiiu        Rujlem  and  Burhdn  ^glen^  left  their  fortrefles,  and  retired  to 
*     the  mountains ;  where  they  lay  in  ambufcado.  In  a  very  nar- 
row paflage.    Thefe,  when  tht  Jagatays  palled  by,  iffucd 
forth  \  and,  falling  fuddenly  on  them,  Burhdn  Aglen^  thro* 
great  cowardice,  threw  off  his  coat  of  mail,  and  fled  without 
fighting ;  which  caufed  the  defeat  of  his  troops,  and  flaughter 
-    of  ihany  men.  It  happened  that,  at  this  inftant,  MehemedAzJ4» 
fent  as  a  reinforcement  by  Timir,  met  the  Siapijbes  on  their  re- 
turn ;  and,  after  a  (harp  fight,  intjrely  defeated  them.    He  thcp 
Went  to  join  BurhdnAglen  with  thehone  which  had  fled ;  but  could 
not  prevail  on  him  to  remain  th^e  all  night :  for  he  gpt  to  the 
top  of  the  mountain,  whither  he  was  followed  by  his  troops. 
Burhin  was  the  only  prince  of  the  family  of  Kay  it  (Q^), 
"whoy^xnct  Jengbiz  khdriy  had  committed  the  like  infamous 
|ii6Uon.     This  general  had  indeed  doiie  the  fame  in  the  wsr 

«  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  1.  iv.  c.  i— -3.  p.  x— 10. 

(Q.)  7^iht)s,  Kkdn  was  himfelf  of  ihi^ftock. 

of 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


C.  4*^  The  Reign  of  Tmiit  Btk: 

of  thc^  Uzbeks  :  but  Timir  had  not  orily  pardoned,  but  conti- 
mxcd  to  honour  him ;  and  had  fent  him  on  this  expeditiba^ta 
retrieve  his  credit. 

When  thefe  two  generals  had  rejoined  the  imperial  army  af  PuniJhBs 
Kaiik,  Timur  would  not  admit  BurMn  Aglen  into  his  prefece.  cowarMce. 
He  treated  him  vdth  fcorn,  as  he  met  him  by  chance ;  and,  to 
fliew  his  infamy,  feid  :  "  The  koran  affures  us,  that  twenty 
'*  zealous  Muffdm&ni  are  able  to  conquer  200  infidels ;  and    '  ' 
'^  ^et  Burbht^  at  the  ihead  of  10,000  men,  fled  from  a  hand- 
"  ful  of  unbelievers,"    He  then  declared  him  crimipal;  and, 
as  a  mark  of  difgraoe,  banifhed  him  the  court.    On  the  other 
hand,  he  gave  rich  prefents,  and  the  command  of  a  r^ment,  ' 
to  Mehemed  Azad%  who,  with  only  400  men,  had,  on  foot. 
Hood  his  ground  againft  the  vanquifliers  of  Burhitn^  flufhed 
with  victory,  and  flain  a  ^eat  number  of  them,    ^ter  this, 
the  Mirza  SIM  ^i/W  departed  fi*om  KaXik  for  Herki ;  and  7i- 
tn^r  marched  to  Tulle  (R) :  then  croifed  the  mountain  JfenM 
K^;  pailed  by  PenjeMr  (S),  and  encamped  in  the  country  erf 
Barmy  five  leagues  from  KMrul:  where  he  caufed  a  great  canal, 
called  Mahighir,  to  be  made,  five  leagtws  in  length,  pn  which 
afterwards  were  built  many  large  vil]^;es  •*. 

Mbak  time  there  arrived  in  the  camp  ambafladors  from  £^^-, 
feveral  jninces,  particularly  Kezer  Kqja  Jgien,  king  of  Jetahyfy.gf^ 
to  afliire  Timtir  of  their  obedience.     Tayzi  Aglen  (*),  who,  iot  frinctf. 
fome  difference  between  him  and  the  khan,  at  Olug-yirt  (T), 
fled  frcMtt  the  kingdom  of  Kalmdk  (U),  came  alfo  hither  for 
proteftion,  and  was  received  with  great  honour.     Nor  was  the 
Amtir  Sheykh  Niro'ddin  lefe  welcome ;  who  brought  with  hmt 
an  immenfe  treafure,  the  revenues  of  Perfidy  and  prefents  of 
an  ineftimable  value.    At  this  time  Malek  Mehemedy  brother 

•Hift.  Tim.  Bck,  p.  10—19.  c.  3 — 5. 

(R)'  A  little  town  of  Baddg-  of  the  kings  of  Kalmdky  or  ra- 

Jhdu.     Ln  Croix.  ther  of  the  Mogul  khans.     La 

(S)  Commonly  called  Penjir  Croix. 

(or  B^if^/^jr),  at  the  footof  the  .  (U)    A  kingdom,    formerly 

mountains  of  Kajhmir^  to  the  called  Karakitny,  in  Mogukftdny 

weft.    AbSlfeda  fays,  there  are*  north  of  the  kingdom  ofGurgfy 

two  filver  mines  here.  2^4  Cm;):,  ox  Lyau-tong,  La  Croix, — ^This 

(*)  Called  Elchi  Timur  Khdriy  is  a  very  confufed  account :  yet 

p.  82.     This  happened  twenty  feems  to  intimate  that  the  M^^«/f,- 

years  after  the  MunglKhdtiy  be-  ovMungls^  intheeaftof  7/zr/<?ry, 

ing  driven  out  of  Chinuy    re-  went  then  by  the  nickname  of 

{ctdcd  zt  Karakorom.  KaImdhyOtKaImitks;giventhe(tiy 

(T)  That  is,  the  Great  Orda  ;  donbtlefs,  by  the  Mohammedmn 

it  flands  nezr  Karakorom^  capital  Tatars  or  Miwgls. 


q£  Kalmdky  and  is  the  rc^dence 


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to 
Google 


i6^»-  that  M&Jfa,  prince  ot  the  Kerkes,  had  killed  his  brotto^^vHioi 

'--S^^^-^^^valitolilfccrTdF  tkb  efiiperor,MAdVuineii  bjib^{V^%.^Uai^i^ 

hiS'^teftsmsf^aiAl.'robtM  ofi^fflb-'gRkcroac&I-    7iV7n^'drdte9 

7mi;4it#  ccKKcal  hhhMisI  wMle-he  fent  foi*  M^^ty  court  ;4 

^<Mto3\^3'«r«eiyed'Wi*Mrtteiof'HBiAiur'b3^hi^  airf. 

oMiraJ:!  t6:>rebQlM  l9pUr.     Jmjb^wcnt  bttie-*  tj^  dKeyrtKrxnr'* 

d<r^, '  aIi^^\Aeb:)tfa^^^l^0rfe'^l^a9^Uflb0d;:  thb  anpaUr* ji&rd^ 

ttftcBte^ 

-^jf  ©//rr/i     .  Al^hUld«t%ncd  t«f  T«Kf  t€f 'dfaWt  *  iW|^  -and^jA  aocdmpiiccs^ 

yir  funijb'  htMRMMML^  the^ffl^wh  iiUi  'tofuftjr  aByrof  themrtOTd-efatcr* 

.  ^'  tia^^m,  ak0r  once  they  vriim  obi.  *  Nor  wa^tMs  bardei^  gIVeD* 

\tohbdt  gaWs^rtafon^  QA';,SefHmhef  i6th,'  Timrfr  lAi*i^ 

uiiKK)  faolft,  toi\i€tv  liie'piBeep  aecofmpaincd  byj  mattyfpiiixbw* 

art*  gttiemii^-'ok^  fodt,<>  he^  xfti^^p^Fceivctf*  bf  f<hriii'-of '  A&fa^'. 

lll«irt:rir^.fm»f art  n|tptt^\^tfddw*oPa*'hdffet)awfaA'taie-of' 

tte'g«fW^>wfcb4e^flyIa^h**^'Witfi^AalgI»  to-kSlhWafrtbtt? 

tlitr\vWaJo*  tIl»^lte)W<oi!lj^ftarflca<Whoi:fe-    Thmf,  vtpaS 

tlfii^  M^tfriBUd^thct  clt/V!  Hflrithet^  g^-*,  and  toiiirefifciy^caUBi^ 

Mujfa  and  his  paitifah«"to  bcrfefeed  :  200  of  whomr,- Widrthcfr: 

chW?  heaMiMcrt*W'ilfiMVlMr^    \vha,'affifte*by}tfi%c 

oP^hte'»rd^^ts,l  cut  ofF  theft  heaft, .  tsr  rcrenge  ,hh-  brofhcrt'^ 

dtath9.ai!d<^ni«te^'toi^vei^*of  theinV    His  ^fubjcfts  ;Wttc- plum" 

ddrdd ;  "amd^thd  v^mwrf,  chlldifen;  and'gDods;'<tf  thde'^yhuits,' 

gWn'td^'inAJtonMy'^the'  pirol)!^  of  Irjdk;  whidti  pjiaripilhy^ 

Croffes  the      S^S^P^E^e^^Rf'ijth,  Tfwiar' rtatdfea'-tdv^rd  'Sie/hi^ix} 
Indus.       vt^heflrti^neftcinped/  afti^r  ^fficq^ievendrforefts^and  naonntnhs. 
T*e'2»<h/ heiirrii^A'at^e^fortrcfsof  Nagaz^vrhichi^ixac 
newly  rebuilt  by  his  order.     Here  bdng  ii^ormed,  that  the  na* 
tion  of  Pervianti  a  i&tA^dl'UgAns  (or  -//agTwiJiw^,  nnfeftcd  the 
roads,  "he-  entered  the  mountains ;  and,  in  three  days,  came 
up\with'  and  cut  them  to  pieces,  burnt  their  dwellingB,  aiid 
carried  off  their  children  and  eHefts.     Mean  time  the*  Ainir* 
S^leymim  Skah^tmXtA  the /uf/a^f^/,  another  *  nation  of' the 
Ugini,'  vefy'ftrong  and  nuitterous,  in  the  famfi  manner :  but 
tHeVM/  a  third  T>rAndfi  of 'the  latne  pebble,  came;  aiid,  fdb* 
Hej.  801 .  Df!tt?ng;  were  loaded  whh  favburs:    The  firfl'day  of  the  y«tf* 
A.  D.    Sbt  [Sipt^fbi^r''^^),  7i;;t*/dfeparted  far '-^anjJj  then  march- 
*39^-  .  ing  from  thence,  ^^^*^r' 7th  arrived  at  ihc  India ^  iii  theTcry' 
place  where  Sol  tan  Jal^lo'dJih,  kiri^  of  Karaxm]  f\^am  ov^" 
that  river,  in  fight  of  Jenghiz  Khdri.     The  emperor  croffid* 
it.  on -a  bridge,  of  boatd.  •  At  this  place  he  difmijSed  the  am- 
balfadors  of  foreign  princes :  ambng  the  reft,  was  one  fror; 
the  fharifs  of  Mekka  and  ^ledina^  who  courted  a  vifit  fix)ia 
(W)  A  city  four  days  journey  diftant,  towards  Imiia.  La  Croix. 

them, 

y  Google 


Digitized  byV 


them»  and  ^kfircdi^W^'prptefllon  (X):  Eikewife  tKe  aoAaf^ 
fgdor  of'  Bfkdkdir^Snk,  P"^^^  oi  Kajbmtr  (T),  who  offered.* 
cJt>edieBce;  and  Siras  t)rd&ed'tQ  meet  ttte  emperor, at  JDjrj^^^/>j^ 

TJMURi  hayihrpafltdtlte./ffita  mthlii&anny,ena 
at-  the-eRttaocej-  oFthe'  great  dtfart  of '  J^r^^  Mdiich  is  called  Shah  i- 
«rf  7^;.  ftpoi^Jdm/d^X  taKlfig^  meifcr  ia  it.  Here,  the bo'ddiOa. 
Rdfos  of  the-mount^in" JP4A,  T^^rf  (fouth-eaft  otK^bmir)  cam© 
tB^fi*H»c*thcmfel^l.  and,  as  they  had  been  kind  to.his  troopa 
ftrac'iHonilirbefQre,  tHeyvrere  very  well  received.^  Wheni^ft 
amved^at'the  tivcr  ,^^''(2),  Oilober.  ly^^  ne.  ordered 
Sheykh  TTitro'ddtnxct  attack*  an  ifland  therein,  fortified  with  a 
dhch  and  walk;  belonging'  to  prince  SlJahSbo'ddju  J^iobdrek% 
who,  after  fubnutting^ta  the  Mirza  Pir^Mehemed  JebanChtr^ 
in-  his  way  to  Mitftariy  *  had  "revolted.  The  amfr,  With.  his.  tOK 
man,  emci4hg;thfe  river,  a  njfoft/fiirious.batde  was  fbughts. 
Then  ShkhSibd'^n  came^with'io,ooa  m<en.tOvattack4:he«-7^<2Ji 
t^s  in .  the  rear, .  di^ng;  the  Jiight ; , but,  after  feVeraLvigqr.0«s 
oafets,  weredeifeatedby.Sheykh\A^rVit//wv  Qn'this,;  princa 
MobArek  fled,  wkfeliis  domeftics^  in  200  jflit-bottomed  boats, 
^ow^  the  JamMi  to- Ucha>  Faffing  on  from  .thence*  towardsr 
Multauy  the  paflage  was  obllrufted  by  Soleymdn  JShdb,  atrtha 
head (©f  •  the  fcouts*  oi\PifMehemed and  the, yLivtzSh^-Mkh^ 
who,  feizing  the  bbat$,  ,cut  them  to  pieces,,  while  the. unfor-y 
tunate  prince,  cafting  his  wife  and  children^  .into.. the.  riven 
hal&dead,  gdfled  tht  iank  ;  and  fled,  .with-  many  of  .his.  fubn 
jefts,  into  the  woods  5  whfere,  being  purfucd,,,  great  mutibers 
w««-flain,  and  their: goods  piilagdd.' 

After  this,  fucceis,  th6  army -marched,  five, 'or  Gx,.dzY^  and  other 
along  xht'Jamadi  and  feucamped  at  a  fortrefe  where  that  river /ri»w, 
and  the  J^ihre  (A)  join,  with  waves  refembling  the  tronbled 
ooean  :  however,  Ti^nAr  ordered  a  bridge  to  be  built  over  it; 
xvhich  is  the  firftto  be  met  .with  in  hiltory,  madeacrofs  this 
river:  for  Turmejhirtn Khhu^B)^  who  formerly pafled it,  was 

«  HiihiTSin;^B*>  p*  19—28.*  c.  5—9. 

(X)  They  offered  to  .declare  (k)Jenafm,oiChena^,w\iicl^ 

^£mur  khalifah,  aitho'  Bayezld  falls  into  the  Ravi^  above  Mul- 

^v  as  invefted. with  that  highrdig.  tan* 

ixicy^  L^  Croix.  (B)  Defcended  from  J^nghi^ 

(Y)    A    province'  of    hdlth  Kbdm:    he  conquered  India  m 

Wlioie   capital,  is    Ndgf^r.^La  1240.     ia  ^;m>v— This  mtift 

Cr^ix*  be  fome  miilake.     Turme/btrtn 

{Z)  A  river  near  th^. Indus  \  Khdn^    khan  oi  Jagatay^  who 

ic   is  the  continuation  of  the D^«-  fcexns    to  be    the  prince  here 

i/^^/7,  which  comes  from  Kajh-  meant,  died  in  1336. 
rrr^r-.      La  Croix, 

obliged 

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M&ltan 
Uikett. 


Batntr 
fortrefs<f 


Mifiory  ff  the  Kf oguls  lani  t'«ars.        B.  VI. 

obKged  toXwim  over.  The  emperor,  having  croflcd  the  united 
ftreain,  went  to  encamp  pver-againft  the  town  of  T^lonba^ 
thirty-five  guriih  (C),  or  'miles,  from  Mii/tdn :  then  paffing 
die  river  of  that  town',  taxed  it  at  two  millions  of  crowns, 
part  of  which  was  paid ;  but,  the  inhabitants  making  a  diffi- 

*  culty  of  paying  the  reft,  the  foldiers,  in  the  night,  iacked  the 
place,  burnt  the  houfes,  and  made  flaves  of  the  people,  the 
fharifs  and  doftors  only  excepted.  November  the  5th  he  left 
Tihnba  ;  and,  next  day,  encamped  by  a  deep  lake,  iituate  oa 

•   the  fide  of  the  river  Siah  (D),  withui' fight  of  Shanavaz,  a 

Ctand  populotis  city.  He  then  marched  againft  Nufret, 
her  of  Sheykh  Kukeri,  who  had  furrounded  the  lake  widi 
a  wall,  and  lay  behind  it  with  2000  men :  but  they  were  fooo 
defeated,  and  cut  to  pieces. 

At  Shanavaz  the  {pldiers  fupplied  themfelves  with  corn : 
then  fetting  fire  to  the  granaries,.  November  10  went  down  the 
Biahy  and  crofled  it  over-againft  the  town  of  JenjAn.     Next 
day,  the  Mirza  Pir  Mehemed  camefrom  MultAn^  forty  nules 
diftant,  to  the  imperial  camp.     That  dty  having  been  reduced 
to  eat  dead  bodies,  after  a  fix  months  fiege,  Sarenk  the  go- 
Ycmor  was  obliged  to  fly ;  fo  that  the  prince  quickly  took  it : 
Bur,  having  l®ft  moft  of  his  horfes  by  a  mortality  caufed  by 
an  inundation,  the  Rajas  of  the  country  revolted,   and  ad- 
vanced iq  the  night  to  the  very  walls  of  M^lt&n ;  till,  on  ad- 
vice of  Timur's  approach,    they  withdrew.    The  army  left 
fetydn  the  15th,  for  Shudl;  the  i.8th  came  to  Afwtn  (E), 
and  at  length  to  Jehaivl  (F).     The  2 ift  he  arrived  at  JjMUi ; 
and  next  day,  crofflng  the  Denay  encamped  on  the  hill  of  Aa- 
lejkuteliy  ten  miles  from  y^jtiddn,  and  fifty  fi-om  Batnir ;  at 
which  place  he  arrived  the  23d,  after  crpflmg  the  great  defart. 
Batnhr  is  a  city,  with  a  fortrefs,  the  ftrongeft  and  moft  noted 
in  all  India,   fituate  in .  a  defart  out  of  the  common  road. 
The  inhabitants  have  no  water,  excepting  from  a  great  lake 
hear  the  gate  of  the  town,  which  is^  never  filled- but  in  times 
of  inundations.     Hither  the  inhabitants  of  Dipalpur,  Jj^dan, 
and  other  places,  fled  for  refuge  in  fudi  numbers,  that,  the 
place  not  being  large  enough  to  contain  all  their  cattle  and 
effects,  great  part  of  both  were  left  without  the  town*^. 
f  Hift.  Tim.  Belc,  p.  28 — 40.  c,  9 — 14. 


:  (C)  G(iruh,  as  the  Indiafts  call 
the  meafure  of  three  m:Ies, 
makes  a  farfeng,  parfeng,  or 
Perfian  league.  Skanfo'd.  Hift. 
Tim.  Bek.  l.iv.  c.  14.  p.  40. 

(D)  Or  Biyaby  near  Labor  ;  it 
Halh  into  the  Hwvi.    La  Croix. 


(E)  Towns  fouth  of  d>c  Binh- 
La  Croix,  ' 

(F)  A  town  between  Lahr 
and  DipalfuTi  fouth  of  the  Bid* 
La  CrcijX, 


Thi:s£ 


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These  the  foldkrs,  on  their  ftrrrr^l,  fdzed,  an'd  imm^dktelV    A:  I>; 
tnarched  qp  to  Batnir;  where^  Ra^dAIjtn  the  governor  reigned     1 3^8. 
as  foverdgn,  and  rcfolved  to  refift,  having  had  a  great  many  ^'^'^''^^ 
foldiers  and  domeftics  about  him.     The  out-parts  and  fub-.  Batmr 
nrbs  were  taken,  at   the  firft  attack^  with  great  flaughter  oiJ^^^^^^** 
the  Indians:  they  tbokalfo  the  counterfcarp,  and  theu  af- 
fauhed  the  town,     Ranvduljin  pofted  himfelf  at  the  gate,  -with 
the  braveft  of  his  foldiers  :  bur,  being  vigoroufly  attacked  fe- 
veral  times  by  the  Jagatays,  when  they  were  on  the  point  of 
gaining  the  plac^>  he  demanded  quarter,  protoifing  to  repair 
next  day  to  the  camp.  However^  not  keeping  his  word,  they  began 
to  fap  the  walls  with  fuch  refolution^  that  the  Indian  princ^ 
fubmitted,   and  was  honourably  received.     Fivfe  hundred  of 
the  inhabitants  of  Dipalpitr  were  put  to  the  fword,  for  having  ^  ^■ 

treach«roufly  flain  Meffafer  Kabuli,  and  1000  horfemen;  part 
likewife  of  the  people  of  AjMin,  who  had  abandoried  7S»wrf^, 
were  dam ;  and  the  reft  made  prifoilers/  after  being  plundered^ 
Thefe>.«xecutipns  fo  frighted  Kemdlo'ddin,  brother  of  -Rawdtil^ 
jin,  that  he  fhut  the  gate  of  the  town:  but  fooh  opened  k 
again,  on  the  approach  of  the  Jagatays.  :      ^ 

However,  as  among  the  rajas,  and  other  chiefs,  difput^  Great 
arofe,  about  the  tax  for  (aving  the  people's  lives,  which  qoxAA  flaughter 
not  be  terminated  wit^jput 'conunotions,  Ttmur^  in  a  paflion, '^^''^* 
ordered'that  this  rabble  fhould  be  put  to  the  fword,  and  the 
houfes  of  the  infidels  razed.     The  foldiers  haidng  fcaled  the 
walls,  and  entered  the  place  fword  in  hand,  the  ghebfs  and 
idolaters  f«t  fire  to  thrir  own  houfes,  calling  their  wives,  chil^ 
dren,  atid  goods,  into  the  flames  ;  and  the  Mohammedans  cut       , 
the  throats  of  theirs*     This  done,  the  men,  uniting,  'vMho  wete 
exceeding  ftrong  and  courageous,  fought  in  a  mof):  cruel  and 
obftinate  manner,  fla^ng  many  of  the  Jagataysi    The  Amir 
Sbeykh  Niro'ddin  alfo,  rufhing  into  the  midft  of  the  enemy. 
Was  with  difficulty  refcUed  out  of  their  hands*     At  length, 
Tiiftory  declaring  for  the  befiegers,  they  flew  10,000  Indians y 
burnt  their  homes,  and  ruined  the  walls  of  the  town^. 

After  the  ruin  of  Eatnir^  Tim^r  departed  November  30  Comes  t9 
far  Dehhy  cajrital.of  India.     Having  pafTed  by  the  caftle  bf  Jchan 
FiriisL,   with  the.  towns   of   Serefiiy   Fdtabdd,   Rejebowr,  and  Numay. 
yihr^rn^  on  the  5  th  of  December  he  came  to  the  village  of 
^Ah^ne^,  in  k  ct)utiQy  ii^khabited*  by  Getes^   ^vho  robSed  and 
murdered  on  the  highway.*    At  his.  approach,  theyjfleJ;  but, 
bciiig  purfued',  aoo6  of  them  \Vere  cUt  off.     Next  day,  hav- 
ing   palled  the  cafl:lie  of  Mtinek,    he  entered  the  defajfts  aSd 
woods  where   tha  Oetes  had -retired,  and  /lew  2000- mofe. 

t  Hift.  Tim.  Belc,  Vol.  tL  p.  40—44.*  -  ,^ 

MEoD.HisT.  VoL.V-  ■    U  Then,^ 

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4.  p.    Then,  pftffidg.by  the  tovn  of  Sfmine,  Jie  came  to  the  mer 
?J9^r     kehkar^  which  he  crofled,  over  the  hri(^  cf  FHkuhl\  where 

t— V««s^  l^c  >ya$  joined  by  the  foldicr*  <rf  die  left  wio^  commanded  bj 
S<;d^Q  Maimud  Kidn,  n^ho.  had  t»k$Q  another  road^    from 

•^  theoce  he  mwrched  to  KuteyU  feventeen  nail^  front  S««a«<; 

thento^nif,  feventeen  farther;  and,  five  more,  XQ.TM%k^ 
ffir :  the  inhabitants  of  vhidi  city,- caRed^aJAfoi,  held  two 
principles  5  one  the  author  of  good,  the  oth^  of  evil,  fhey 
Hed  on  the  approach  oi  the  army  ;  who  burnt  thdr  houfes,  iUni 
then  marched  twelve  miles  to  Panip(ur.  At  length,  G^c^ 
hr  24,  they  .arrived  at  Jchdn  Numdy  (G),  a  palace  built  b]f 
Soltin  Firuz  Shah^  on  the  top  of  a  monnta^n,  two  leagues 
ftom  Dehl't^  at  the  foot  of  which  runs  the  great  rivor  Ja^vm  (H). 

Moft  cruil     TJMUX  went  then  to  the  town  of  Uhii,  fituated  betweea 

butchery,  the  two  rivers  of  ]fawn  and  Hilen;  which  kttcr  Firaz  Shah 
pnA  firom  the.river  of  Kalini,  which  unites  with  the  Ja'wn  tear 
Ihe  city  of  Brizatad,  Uhii  was  taken  in  one  day^  and  all  ' 
•^  ghebr  inhabitant^  put  to  the  fwocd,  but  the  Mdtamudm 
ji^ere  i^>aredw  Nesdt  morning  tbe  emperor  went  to  Jehist  Ik* 
may,  to  fee  that  palace,  and  from  thence  pitch  on  a  placefcr 
%"      batt^  :  afoer  whkh>  he  encamped  to,  the  ^of  lJmi\  wheft 

-s;.:  ,  ihe  Shih  Zi^f^  or  emperor's  children,  and  the  amirs  who  had 
•  '  been  makitg  incnrfions,  j<^ned  him.  ||bre  he  harangued  then 
tnpon  the  art  of  fighting  Ixittles ;  6(  breaking  the  enemy 'siaols; 
jmd  rallying  one's^  own  troops  a6er  a  defeat.  The  amy> 
^nce  they  pafied  the  Jkdus,  having  madci  a  vaft  nismber  of  in* 
Sans,  eaptivca^  nxoflly,  gh^s  and  idolifeers,  it  was  fearei^  dnt» 
in  any»  obfttnate  battle,  they  would  join  with  the  peopk  of 
Dehli ;  Tzm4n,  therefore,  ordered,  that  they,  who  had  any  A* 
dian.  ilaves,  ihould  put  them  to. death. :  in  coniequence  of  wiudi» 
in  kfs  than  one  hour,^  more.ths^n  loo^ooo  were  put  to  deatk^ 

His  forces  ,     TJMUR  fct  out  for  DgkM,  December  30th :  and,  when  the 

affroac^  aftrologers  difputed  about  thcvafpefls  of  the  planets,  he  tdU 
them,  that  fortime  did  nqt  depend  on  the  Aars,  but  on  Ji» 
-Creator  of  them;  and  that,  when  he  had  once  fbrmediiis de^ 
'%ns  with  proper  care,  he  would  not  delay  the  executiea  d 
■'.  Aem.  onemoment,  to  wait  for  a  Endcy  time.  Yet  he  tonfobed 
tioc  jkoran,  and  met  with,  a  favourable  anfwer  (I) ;  'which  eDr 

-:        ^  Hift.  Tim.  Bekr  VoL  IL  p.  44^54.*  c.  15—19^ 

(G)  TYidXiSf  the  mirror  r/tli^  was  guilty  of  anpdier  ;    nay* 

f^or/^,  beca/^fd  of  its  fin^  pror  coald  flatter  himftif-wif^  Ha?* 

*^'eft.        '  ing  the  favour  of  Goa,  jttl^ato 

'  t^)  Orjuenga.  '  dettroying,incoldi)lood,i6o,OQO 

(I)  If  Timur  was  free  firojn  pn^^  of  ijij  cr^t^K^s  at  once, 
fi^gerftition,  Hte  many  otKcrs,  he 
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t.  4V         * '     ^f  Reign  cfTiftitit  Belt*        ' 

f&fed'hlitt  of  viftc^,  and  encourageil  the  whole  ^rAJ.  jftf- 
ftudty  thft'flf  ft  ( 1 3^p^  he  CroTeS  theTiz-U/n,  And  encamped  on  the 
otHet  ffdrf;  The-  ^d  he  drew  up  hit  irmy  in  order  of  batrfe ;  ^ 
gi^i^  the  cotetti^nd  of  the  right  wing  to  the  Mitta  Ptr  Mehe^ 
ihfd  pfyht  (fiir :  the  left  wing  was  led  by  the  Mfrzas  Soltek 
Ht^ayfi  afttd  KaRlSoltdn :  the  r6ar  was  put  under  the  cohdud 
oi  A^'Mfr^  liiytfrn  :  and  the  maJn  body  was  commanded  by 

'The  enemy  marched  likewife  ia  order  of  battle.    Thefr^^Tiid!- 
i^t  ^m  was  brought!  up  by  Taji  KMn,  I^r  JK  Koja,  and  ^^  *^* 
tiSitt  Jkmrt  princes ;  the  leTt  had  for  Its  leaders  MAl^i  Moy- 
n^ddin,  irid- others :  and  the  main  body  was  commanded  by 
Soltpn   Mahnud  Khdriy  emperor  of  /«^/a/ who  had  MelUi^ 
KMit  for  his  lieu te*n^t-g6neral .  This  krmy  confiftdd  of  i  o,  060 ' 
horfc,  well  equipped ;  and  40,000  foot,  armed  to  advantage! 
Bfefides  fcteral:  elephants  of  war,  armed  with  cuirafles,  haying 
bdtS^e^  their  long  teeth  great  poifoned  daggei^s  ;  and  onxheir 
ba^^  WoOd^  towers,  Iti  form  of  baftions,  filled  with  crofs* 
bowmen  antf  archers ;  on  the  fide  of  the  elephants  marched 
thofc  who  filing  fire  and  mdted  pitch,  with  rocket^  armed  at 
the"  end  with  iron,  which  ^ve  feveral  blows  one  after  anothei^^ 
wherc-eyer  they  fall.      ,       '  ,       . 

The  Jagatays  were  not  much  dlfturbed  about  the  Indian  ^f^^^ 
army :  but  they  had  conceived  flraiige  notions  of  the  elephants',  "<#^*^'* 
which  they  had  never  ken  before.     Thef  imagined  that  the 
afi^W  arid  fword  could  not  pierce  their  bodies  :  that  th^y  were* 
fo  ftrOi^  as, to  overthrow  trees,  by  only  fhaking  the  earth,  as 
tfitfjr  p^d  along :  that  they  could  ihove  down  the  firmeft 
tmailings  :  arid  that,  in  battle,  they  would  tofs  both  man  and 
doiie  to  a  vafl  height  in  the  air.    This  difpirited  many  in  the 
::amp  ;  fo  that,  wljien  the  pofls  were  fixed  for  the  officers  and 
ords  of  the  court,  TirnUr^  who  always  fhewed  refpeft  to  men 
>f  learning,  afked  thofe  near  his  perfon,  what  ports  they  would 
:htrfe.     Several  of  thefe  doftors,  frighted  at  what  they  had 
cad   aild  heard  of  elephants,  anlwered  fmmediately,  "  If  it 
^  pleaffe  your  majefly,  we  chufe  to  be  near  the  ladies." 

1/^1  MURy  to  guard  againft  this  panic,  ordered  a  rampart  the  Battk 
f  bucklers  to  be  made  before  the  ranks,  with  a  ditch  before  ^if^'»J« 
^at  ^  he  llkewife  caufed  buffaloes  to  be  tied  neck  and  heels, 
ien  |)laced  clofe  together ;  with  bu(hes  between  and  on  their 
eads^  Theire Were, befldes,ftakes  prepared,  with three-proAged 
>rks  at  the  ends  :  fo  that,  ^hen  the  elephants  advanced,  they  » 

^eter  to  be  planted  in  their  way ;  artd  the  brambles  to  be  fet  on 
ns,    to  put  thofe  ajiimals  in  diforder.     When  the  two  armies 
er^  iti  vifetsif,  Timur  got  upon  an  eminence,  near  the  hill  of     - 
ik/btfy  BehAli,  from'  thence  to  obfcrve  their  motions ;  and, 

U  2  as 

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tiijl^  of  the  Moguls  and  tat^.'       B.  Vi* 

as  fooo  as  the  fight  began,  he  fell  on  the  ground,  often  bow* 
ing^  to  beg  for  viftory.     While  he  was  at  prayers,  there  hap* 
'  pened,  fays  our  author,  a  ftrange  accident :  for  tfie  amirs  of 
the  rear  imagined,  that,  if  the  emperor  Ihould  fend  recruits 
iFrom  the  main  body*  either  to  the  right  wing  or  the  rear,  it 
^\rould  be  a  certain  token  of  viftory#     Now  this  the  emperor 
aftually  did ;  which  fo  encouraged  the  Jagatays^  that  the  /«t 
dians  were  conflrained  to  ^ve  ground,  and  the  elephants  {of- 
fered themfelves  to  be  driven  like  ox^n.  ^ 
Tbi  Indi-       So  hot  a  battle  never  was  feen,  nor  fo  frightful  a  noife.of 
ans  Ji-      warlike  infiruments  heard,  before.     At  length,  Timir^s  vao* 
footed,       guard,  perceiving  that  of  the  enemy  to  advince,  retired  beKoi 
the  right  wing,  to  lie  in  ambufti  till  they  had  pafled  by,  and 
then  tell  on  them  with  fury^  killing  in  an^inftant  four  or  five 
hundred  men.     The  Mirza  P!r  Mehetned,  at  the  head  of  the 
van-guard  of  the  right  wing,  aflifled  by  the  Amir  SoUymin 
Shdhf  attacked  the  left  of  the  Indians  with  fo  much  conduft^ 
that  he  drove  them  beyond  the  bafon  of  Havijkas  (K) ;  theOj 
falling  on  the  elephants^  forced  th^m  to  enter  th^  ranks  of  the 
fame  wing,  and  caufe  a  farther  difordet.     Mean  time  the  left 
wing  of  the  Jagatays  repulfed  the  right  of  the  enepiy,  with 
great  flaughtcr,  as  for  as  the  city-gate.    Then  the  main  body 
of  the  latter,  fuftainedby  the  elcphanti,  advanced  in  good 
order  againft  the  rear  of  the  former,  and  began  a  moft  bloody 
battle  ;  in  which  ,sfieykli  Muro'Jdin,  and  the  other  amirs,  be- 
haved with  great  valour,  overthrowing  the  caities  on  the  bad? 
'   of  the  elephants,  and  cutting  off  the  trunks  of  tfiofe  animab, 
with  great /flaughtef  of  the  Indians,  fo  that  at  length  they 
»                   turned  their  backs ;  and  Soltan  Mahnuut,  with  his  h^  gOK* 
ral  Mellu  (or  Mellow)  Khin,  fled  into  the  city. 
7hi  city         Then  Timir,  fpurring  his  horfe  towards  the  gateof  i)^i£, 
invefted^,    carefully  examined  the   fortifications.     On  his  return,  the ' 
^Ifrza  Kalil  Soltdn,  who  commanded  the  left  wing,  though  | 
but  fifteen  years  of  age,  brought  him  one  of  the  elephant?  | 
bound  with  ropes,  whoife  giuards  he  had  overthrown,  after  j 
mauling  th^  animal  with  his  fword.     Tim^r,  on  this  6^\ 
burft  into  tears  of  joy .     Was  ft  not  furprifing,  fays  our  aoAoi 
that  this  great  prince  fhould  at  this  time  have  fo  tender  a  hcaf 
who,  on  fome  occafiofis,  could  exdrcife  cxtra'ordinary  feveritiei 
Mean  time  Soltan  Mahmud  and  his  general,  not  thinking  them 
felves  fafe  m  Dehli^  left  it  at  midnight,  and  retired  into  the  dA 

(K)  It  is  round,  at)d  above  an  water  for  a  whole  year :  ea  i< 

arrow-ihot  in  diameter     As,  in  bank  is  th^  tomb  of  Soltan  fi 

any  inundation,  it  is  filled  with  ruz,  Sbdb,  Who  made  it.     Ski 

water,  it  furnilhcs  Debli  with  rifS*ddin. 


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C.  4:         •      Tie  Reign  of  Timflr  Bck.     ^ 

fertf.  Several  amirs  being  fent  in  purfuit  of  them,  they 
brou^t  back  the  ^Afict  Sayf  Khan^  furnamed  M&lek  Shartf- 
iddiriy  and  the  prince  Kodadhdy  fon  of  MellA  Kh&n.  The  amir 
Alahdad  feized  the  gates  by  which  the  princes  fled,  and  guarded 
the  others,  that  no  one  might  cfcape. 

'  JANUARTxht  fourth,  Timur  erefted  his  ftandard  on  the  ^ndfur^^ 
walls  of  JD/rM;  and,  going  to  the  city-gate,  fat  on  Xht  avjah»^^'^^^^' 
tt  throne,  whereon  the  Indian  emperors  fit  in  their  royal  robes,  * 
on  the  great  feaft-day.  This  gate  is  in  the  quarter  of  Jehdn 
Pendb,  over-againft  the  bafon  of  Havizkas,  where  the  army 
was  then  encamped.  There  Fadhallah  Bikjhi,  Mellit  Khdn*s 
Beutenant,  at  the  head  of  the  whole  divan  of  Deli,  the  flia- 
rifs,  kadi's,  and  principal  inhabitants,  came  to  make  their  fub- 
miifion,  and  begged  for  ipercy.  The  elephants  ^nd  rhinoce- 
ros's themfelves  came  and  fell  down  before  the  emperor  in  an 
humble  pofture ;  and  made  a  great  cry,  as  if  they  demanded 
quarter.  Tl^efe  war-elephants,  1 20  in  number,  were,  at  his 
/etum,  fent  to  Samarkant,  and  to  the  provinces  where  his 
fons  refided.  Two  were  carried  chained  to  Tauris,  one  to 
SMrdz,  five  to  Merdty  one  to  Sheykh  Ibrdhim,  prince  of  Shir- 
tvin^  and  one  to  the  lord  Tahaften  at  Arzenjdn.  After  this, 
it  the  requeft  of  the  court-lords,  Tim^r  made  a  great  feaft ;  at 
tvhich  he  diftributed  prefents  tb  the  princes,  and  great  officers.    ' 

DEB  LI  Sit  this  time  confifted  of  three  cities  (L),  Seyri^  Old  Dehli  de^ 
Debit,  and  Jehdn  Pendh.  Seyri  was  furrounded  with  z\v^,/tnted. 
in  form  of  a  circle.  Old  Dehli  wa?  the  fame,  but  much  larger, 
lying  fouth-weft  of  the  other  :  thefe  two  parts  were  joined  on 
each  fide  by  a  wall ;  and  the  third,  lying  between  them,  was 
caDed  Jehdn  Pendh,  which  was  larger  than  Old  Dehli ;'  this  laft 
had  ten  gates  :  Seyri  had  feven  ;  three  of  which  looked  to-- 
wards  Jehdn  Pendh,  which  had  thirteen  gates,  fix  to  the  nqrth- 
weft,  and  ifeven  to  the  fouth-eaft.  Every  thing  feemed  to  be 
in  a  quiet  pofture,  when,  January  in2,  the  foldlers  of  Timur, 
bdng  afilembled  at  the  gate  of  Dehli^  infulted  the  inhabitants 
of  the  fuburbs.  The  great  amJrs  were  ordered  to  put  a  flop 
to  thefe  diforders :  but  their  endeavours  ^<'ere  not  efFeftual. 
The  foltanas  having  a  curiofity  to  fee  the  rarities  of  Dehli,  and 
pardcularly  the  famous  palace,  adorned  with  1000  pillars^ 
buik  by  Mdlek  Jun^t  that  antient  king  of  Indi^,  they  wwt  in  , 

*  Hiff.  Tim.  Bck,  Vol.  11.  p.  54—62.  c.  19—^0. 

(L)  This  is  as  it  was  in  the  '  cnt  place  by,  JaldWddin  Jkhar, 
9atl\or^s  time  :  the  prefent  DehU  father  of  Hutndyun,  aad  called^ . 
W  ^  ncwcit^,  built  in  9  diffei*-    from  \i\m,'>^kbaraHd.  la  Croix. 


^10  Hifi^ry  ff  tkf  ¥9ipih  find  Tatars,      B*  VI, 

A.  b.   ^th  all  the  court ;  aad  the  gate  hdr^  I^  iy>ep,  go  tbatcf;- 
1 399.    (afion,  for  every  ]x>dy,  above  1 5,000  foldiprs  got  ip  iiQ{|pe 
fery??y^  wvcd.    But  ther^  w^  »  far  ^eater  iiuml)?r  of  trpqps  fy^ 
large  place  between  Debit,  Styri,  and  7(fA^«  P/izffc  i?fe)attr 
pditted  gr^t  diforders  In  the  two  lafl  places.    This  g^ 
th^  ghehrs,  in  defpair,  to  fall  on  th^ ;  j|nd  feireral'^f  thpn, 
fettmg  fire  to  their  boufcs,  burnt  tb^  wives  aqd  fh}i4w. 
The  Jagatays,  feeing  this  confufion  among  tl^e  chebrs,  did  ^ 
^ng  but  pillage  and  bum  their  houfes ;  whil^  the  xji^Wf^ 
.  was  in^realed,  by  more  troops  let  in,  to  leize  the  inhabioum 
of  the  neighbouring  places,  who  had  fkd  tjuther  for  Qieltef. 
fhigtty         The  amirs,  to  puta  ftop  to  this  mi&;hief,  cauiedthe^ 
ftjifroyed.    to  be  ihut,  to  prevent  m9re  troops  from  entering :  bpt  tkft 
foldiers  within  opened  them  again»  and  rofe  in  ms^mjv^ 
thdr  officers.     So  that  the  whole  army  being  cntcr^  \fi  dw 
]  3th,  in  the  morning,  this  great  smkI  proud,  dty  was  deilrpycd. 
$ome  foldiers  carried   out^  150  fiaves,  men,  wpmea,  aB4 
children :  .nay  fome  of  their  boys  had  twenty  flayes  a  piece  ^ 
^heir  ftiare.   The  other  fpoils,  in  previous  (lones,  jewels,  j^ 
and  m^uf^dures,  were  Innumerable  :  for  the  Indian  wt^  1 
ind  gjrls  were  adorned  with  precious  ftones,  W  had  bii?o^ 
4i^d  rings  on  their  hands,,  feet,  and  even  toes ;'  fo  that  ^ 
'  foldiers  ^tr^  loaded  with  them*     The  1 5th>  in  (M  DM  ^ 
fndians  retired  into  the  great  moflc,  to  defend  themfelvcs:  ^ot 
|he  Amir  Sh&b  M^lek,  and  JU  Soltin^  cpt^rxng  it  with  soa 
men,  fent  to  theabyfs  of  hell,  fays  our  good  J)fu/ukiMVi' 
^or,  th^  foulsi  of  thofe' infidels,  of  wbofe  heads  they  creft«[ 
^owers,    N^ver  was  fuch  a  terribje  flaugbtei:  and  ^tevadafij^ 
teai"d  of.  Several  days  were  employed  (Qpiak^  the  inhnl)itao^ 
qmt  the  city,  which  was  plundered ;  and  as  they  wein,  t^ 
amirs  took  a  number  of  them  for  their  fervice.     The  aroz^ 
yrere  alfo  diflributed  among  the  princes  and  commandcn:  hH 
the  mafons  were  all  referved  for  the  emperor,  in  ctrdcr  to  j)UiU 
^m  a  fpacious  ftone^  moflc  ^t  Sairukrkant  ^. 
Mirtha  JANUA  7J  r  1 8  th,  TT.mur  decamped  (rom  Dehli,  and  jnardi«4 

hfisxed.  down  to  Firuzabdd,  three  miles  diflaat  frpm  the  jfeiu*.  ft 
:|l^yed  th^re  to  fay  a  prayer  in  a  flone  moik,  and  then  ^quon 
to  the  other  fide  of  J^Un  Numay,  ne^  W^irahM^  w!bg»M 
was  prefented  with  two  white  parrotsy  from  Bahi^  N^x 
pnnch  of  Kutefe,  who  had  fubimtted  to  his  envoys,  Tbcfe 
birdsi  lived  ^v^r  fince  the  reign  of  Tcgluk  Sb^h,  and  Jiad  bcca 
^cpt  many  years  in  the  antechambers  of  the  indian  emperors, 
from  thence  the  army  paffing  through  A^d4ia,  beypnd  the 
^yjn^  kepy  and  BAghbuK^  a  delightful  |^4eo,  cam?  to  i#^ 

\m,  Tiift.  ?9k,  Yo^  II.  p.  ^-67. 


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fimue  becvFeen^et^Mi    Thde  plac<^  ^re  *fik  1^^  fifun^    Ai  I>. 
der.     Tmir,  refehrteg  tt>  t^fee  «h«  city  6{  Mi'fia^   oht  ctf     i^^^' 
the  moft  noicd  places  of  the  empire^  Wenty  liUte  frdin  /ij^fr,  ^^;^ 
Buvcfaed  thith^y  at  the  head  of  i6,dbo  tntti^  lA  t\^  days  and    . 
one  night.    As  the  ghebrs  riftifed  td  filbihit,  he  lahleitd  th^ 
ivdbto  be  undermiiied;  arid  the  M^tkm^h  having,  by  th^ 
tnaelt  was  nigbt,  advanced  tm  6t  fifteen  tubhs  breadth  tch 
ivards  each  b^dn  and  ctonnine,  the  befie^^  v^&c  fo  greatljr 
ifarfnifed,  that  cbey  deM«d  to  d^f<^  thenifelve^. 

Nkxt  diy,  bdftg  the  216th,  th^  Amtr  ^IbMM,  With  hi^TaienBja 
ic^Mieat  xi  The  KmUni,  ilaiAed  /)9^  fctitffaU  having  atta<tked  %• 
theg^te,  5aMj^,  tiJyAifiglad,  ode^f  hisdmnefties,  carta  nrt 
ttpon  the  t^ttlensent,  and  boldty  dduntM  the  ivalk.  He  \jv^ 
,  iaiknred  by  RAftm  betidi^  and  a  great  tnany  ^her&,  ivh^ 
rnfl^ed  into  dte  t!«)nini.  T^ey  bd^nd  J?AVij  l/^i>zf,  and  tfi^  ii>t[ 
ciMttUtm  MktA  ToMn^f^i,  gov^niors  of  the^  ^laee,  Whotif 
day  ^istttd  5  but  the  ghebr  Sefi,  one  of  its  prkcei,  ^§s  flftSfl 
in  the  affinilt.  They  flay'd  dive  all  the  ghebiis,  tfnS  inacfe 
ifaves  of  thefe'  \rtw21s  iiA  cbiidreH.  Every  thing  W^-bnmedi 
ttd  the  xrdls  rat«(.  All  this  was  qtiicfcly  <lo»iW,  though 
Turmjbirtn  tChin,  a  g^t  emperor  in  Afia,  td^*  n6t  rfidcd 
Umfetf  maAttr  c^  &is  town.  On  this  6ccafion,  tiinfir  jgave  £ 
fihgntkr  iiirtanoeof  his  modefty:  for -when,  fn  ^  kind  letter, 
wfakb  lie  iad  c^dMd  td-  fe6  ^i^^n  fo  the  Id^bitatlts;  he 
found  thefewwd$,  fl^fy  A  yoU  ibrkpare  vs  io  Tlirmeftiirin 
KhJa?  he  reprimanded  Ms  feereftary;  fayii^,-1F\iifeefhtrm 
'Was  a  greatir  hfd  than  /,  (ffiriilet  vlrfue,  and^mt  cahdue  i  .  *^ 

and w6vh6.  hoifbfftr  ifce letter  t^ b^ condijfded. ' 

Ttor  fiim^  drff,  fa^  intt^cWed  fi*  ma^  tci  Mdnfirh\  ^i  the  Thegbehrs 
ry^  <!tif^t  fyriti&  to  PiHisfn^r,  en  like  cAgi^r  {U).   mMzj- 
enomped  five  toBa  !6v»^er,  nbt  ablle  to  firid^' fife  piflkge  •  ^'''** 
lhDaglvPl!r;»foAi?»tek/>'ftVefta  atoirs,  and  •  part  6ft!h6^rmy,- 
ftWn  ofsr  Che  rttr«f,  yet  not  without  great  d9ng^^     Froni 
thmce  he  went  twenty  mile&  farther  td  Tokluk'Pih]  on  th6^ 
hangar,  havk^,  by  i3i6  way,  ferit  50,000  h6i-fe  %aihft  th6      *        '-^ 
^Mtaps,  who  were  gathered  on  its  baoks.    Wctfi  he  was  fdzed    •    :  -  ^ 
wWl.a  vwy  tr(>«d)l^onte  ftirefting  in  his  arm  •  6ut  it  did  not 
idog  confimie«   Mean  time,  a  rA  number  of  ghebrs;  ih'  forty^ 
d{g^  great  fiat-bottomed  boats,  having  advanced  tosvacds  thb 
camp,  he  fet  out  to  meet  them,  with  1000  of  his  pfficers ;  fe-^ 
veral  of  wltem  spurred  their  horfes  into  the  wate^,  and  ad* 
vandn^,  in  fpite  qf  their  arrows,  entered  their  boatsr.  and  cut  • 
them  in  pieces/    With  thefe  boats  they  attacked  t^n  others. 


(M)   Which  is  called,  is  Pfr//a»,  Dariya  Koni,  ot  tit  fia  ^ 

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and  land* 


P^fle  of 

j^upele. 


Qapges. 


^fte^ed  ^Qge^ler,  iof  better  defence ;  l>u^  ^he  J^gtOAp  boaiM 
^enit  and  ^t  thof^  wbp  iofMiQ^  thep  jia  pieces. .   ^ 

ON.th?  ?5th,  Tw^f  i^xTokWk  P4r,  and,  a  Iktk  ^ter, 
^ofTed  the.  Ganges^  at  jpa  eafy  pafT^ge.  He  then  advanced 
s^alnft  Mokdrek  KHuy  who,  not  far  off,  expeded  the  Jaga-. 
fays^  with  10,000  horfe.  As  the  Indians  were  for  more  nn- 
merous,  the  two  wings  oi  the^army  Wng  at  .a  gxsx  diAaoce, 
^tmur  was^  in  no  fmadl  perplexity ;  but,  juft  at  that  inftant, 
500  horfe,  who  had  croil^  the  riv^  to  make  inroads,  arrivedi 
^8  if  fent  by  heaven,  fays  our.  author, .  to  fuccour  the  emperor; 
^hp,  after  returning  God ..thankSj,  fei|t  the  Amirs  ShShMM 
^AMi^hd^d^  with  lOQohorC^,  to  attack  the. enemy.  Tbefe 
fhialu^  theiQ  to  be'  only  the  van-guard  of  a  great  army  juft 
behind  them,  fudder^y  gre^  afr^4»  ^d  fled  into  the  woods; 
•Vjrhere  thpy  were  purfu^d,  and  a  great  number  put  to  the 
f]ivord*  ^  The  bopty  tak^o,  with  thdr  wives  and  cbUdren,  was 
fpnfid^able.  At  the  fame  tinie,  Ttmir  having  rec^ved  advia, 
that  a  great  number  qf  gh^brs.were  aflembled  in  the  defikrf 
Kupele^  tp  tlie  eaft  qf  the  Ca^ges^  he  departed,  with  500  horfe. 
pn  his  arrival  at  th^  mquot^s^  he  met  a  .body  of  them,  whom 
his  amirs  fp^  ^routed :  but,  being  feft  with  only  100  of  his 
guards,  ^  ghebr,'  named  Maiek  Shpyka^  f^l  briftly  upon  Win. 
with  f  lig  fanj^e  numb^ir  of  pen.  However,  Tindr  (hot  him  in 
the  i}e|ly  yi\t\\  an  arrow,,  and.  then  unhorfed  him»  by  9  cut  of 
his  fwor4  op  the  head, .  d  which  he  prefently  died  *, 

Some  time  after,  adv^^  ^^yas  brottght,  that  a  great  fiianjf 
ghebrs  were  gathered  in  tjie  d^fije  ofKupeh^  two  nulesdiftant! 
and,  though  Tm^rvfSiS  in  wji^t  of  flfcp,  he  mardied  thither, 
mth  fome  oncers  of  his  yan-guard,  through  almoft  impai&Ue 
woods ;  anjd*  being  Joined  by  his  fon  Prir  Il^hemed,  they  made 
f-gr^^.t  flangh^er  pf^  the  cneniy,  fr<)m  whpjn  they  toek  a  con*' 
f5dera.ble  booty,  Thus  Tpn^rw^  in  three  battlea  th^fiuM 
day ;  which  never  happened  to  any  prin;»  before  him.  ^ 
defile  of  lt4J>fle  is  fituat^  ^t  the  fopt  of  a  mountain  near  the 
Gangfs  \  suii)  fifte^  ipiics  above  it  is  a  fto^,  carved  Jo  ixt^ 
pf  a  cow,  frpjm  whence  this  great  river  fprings  (N).  For  this 
reafon,  the  Indian^  zAore.  fhat  fton^;  and  aU  the  inhabitants 
within  pne  day*s  journey  turn  towards  it  when  they  pray.  A^ 
th^re  yet  remained  a  prodigious  number  of  ghebr$  in  the  mooih 

'  Hift.  Tim.  Bck,  y.  ^J-rrl^i  c.  21 — 24^ 

(N)  This  reUtion  is  cpntrary  doe^  not  fsiy*  that  cither  f/«»^f 

fo  late  accoimts,  which  place  the  or  any  of  his  troops,  were  at  the 

^icad  of  the  Oanga^  or  Ganges,  a  place  to  view  it :   fp  that  what 

'  great  way  diftant  in  'Fihet:'  and  he  dcliarers  maft  be  only  ^^ 

it  is  pbfervable,  that  our  author  unce^aj?  rcport*^ 


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C  4;  :'  the  Riign  of  Timfir  Bck. 
taios  of  IGipek^  "wfao  poflefled  a  great  quantity  of  riches,  cattle, 
and  other  cfFefts,  January  30,  Timir  inarched  towards  the 
defile,  where  the  mfidelsf  were  gathered ;  but,  on  his  approach, 
they  loft  courage,  and  difperfed  themfelves  through  the  inoun* 
tains;  whither  bdng  portped,  many  of  them  were ^flain,  and 
their  goods  carried  away.  ' 

After  this,  TtmUr  returned,  and,  crofling  the  (Ranges,  en*  Mountmn 
camped  five  miles  lower  on  that  river.  Then,  being  fatisfied  Swalck 
with  having  marched  to  the  eaftern  borders  of  the  empire  6f 
India  in  one  campaign,  and  acqmred  the  merit  of  the  gazi, 
he  refolved  to  return  to  his  own  dominions.  With  this  view, 
the  31ft  of  January^  he  left  the  Ganges.  Next  day,  advice 
bdng  brought,  that  a  great  number  of  Indians,  were  afiembled 
in  SivdUk,  one  of  the  moft  confiderable  mountains  of  India, 
flretcfaing  over  two  thirds  of  that  vaft  empire,  February  4th, 
he  departed  for  that  mountain ;  where  a  raja,  named  BehHiz, 
had  pofted  himfdf,  with  a  great  number  of  ghebrs,  in  a  narrow 
pafG^e :  but  the  Jagatays  falling  fuddenly  upon  them,  they 
made  but  a  weak  defence :  fo  that  thofe  who  efcaped  the 
fword  were  taken  prifoners,  with  their  effefts ;  which  fo  loaded 
the  army  with  fpoil^  that  they  coidd  not  march  above  four 
miles  a  day.  The  5th,  they  came  to  Bekre,  near  JBekeri,  com-  . 
monly  called  Meliapur. 

r  The  8di,  they  croffed  the  Jaiun^  and  encamped  in  another  thwrei^ 
part  of .  the  mountain  of  Swdlek ;  where  an  infinite  number  oigbebr^.  . 
Indians  bring  aflembled,  under  one  Raja  Ratan,  Tim^r marched 
aU  night,  and  next  morning  came  up  with  them,  between  the 
mountains  Swdlek  and  Kike :  but  ti^y  fled,  on  his  approach, 
into  the  woods, .  where  a  great  many  were  flain.  He  continued 
his  progrtfs  in  the  mountains  for  feveral  days,  flaying  the  In-t 
dians,  and  feizing  their  effefts.  >  In  fliort,  there  were  twenty 
battles  fought  in  thirty  days ;  during  which  time,  feven  of  the 
moft  important  places  in  all  India  for  ftrength  were  conquered. 
They  were  one  or  two  leagues  afunder ;  and  the  inhabitant$ 
were  always  at  variance  among  themfelves.  One  of  them,  by 
perfaafion  of  the  Mohammedans  who  lived  there,  fubmitted  tq 
ThnUr :.  but  when  the  tax  for  faving  their  lives  \vas  impofed  on 
them,  they  made  ufe  of  tricks,  to  avoid  paying  it.  To  enable 
them  to  do  it  with  lefs  reluftance,  an  amir  propofed  buying 
their  old  bows,  which  they  fold  at  a  good  price.  Then  it  was 
pi-dered,  that  forty  ghebrs  fliould  be  lifted  in  the  fervice :  but 
they  would  not  conlent;  and  flew  feveral  Mufulmans.  Upon- 
this,  the  Jagatays y  treating  them  as  enemies,  befi^d  the 
place  in  form ;  which  they  took,  and  put  :^qqo  ghebrs  to  the 
(word «». 

?  Hi(l.Tii^aBk,  p.76-  ?6,  9.  %A—^^^ 

•^  ^m  . 

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Hift^  0ftbc  Mdgub  Oii  Tittars.       B.  Vt 

The  gbb  on  the  monn^uns  x&Sv^ikk  bdng  finUhdd,  Tx^ 
ndrdcpmei  from  ManfioTi  ^^  lOthof  Mareb,  and  encamped 
'  fix  miles  from  theoce,  at  Bayk ;  a  town  of  the  prdmce  d( 
fjH^'i  CMmA,  ivfade  iiihal»tants  were  vaUant  men,  and  tfamr  forefts 
Chama.  Df  diffiadt  acce&t  yet,  on  the  army's  af^jroacb,  they  abaih 
doned  the  town,  to  be  entered  and  ixll%6d  by  the  foldiers^ 
Mean  tiaie,  Shih  Efidnder,  prince  icA IG^mAr^  bdngarmed 
tt  febban^  in  his  way  tb  the  camp,  and  diere  infors^,  that 
the  arnhr^  of  the  diwin  had  taxed  him  at  30,000  faorfes,  and 
100,000  darefts  erf*  gold,  each  wdg^ng  two  medikals  and  one- 
half,  be  returned,  to  odleft  the  lame.  Ttmttr,  on  adrice  of 
this,  dilapproved  of  the  order,  which  had  laid  on  E/iindem 
tax  more  than  his  little  kingdom  was  worth ;  and  fent  to  tim 
to  return  in  ten  days  to  the  bank  of  the  Indus.  The  1  Jth, 
they  encamped  over-agavxft  Chindy  cafntal  of  the  proi^ioeof 
that  name.  Next  day,  7%mlr  entered  the  defile,  from  whence 
^mgs  the  river  oi  Chdmi,  which  the  army  had  croffed  fevcral 
^es»  It  is  fituated  at  the  foot  of  a  moanta|a,  on  the  left  fide 
of  the  city  Chitmiy  having  on  its  right  the  town  of  MerA,  it 
was  inhabited  by  ftrong  and  tatll  Indians ^  who  had  intrefM^ 
thcm&lvcs  in  almoft  macceffibie  woods,  upon  a  craggy  moao* 
tain,  with  their  king  at  their  bead,  refohed  to  defend  Aaf 
lives. 
ftt  JkhP  TIMUR  judged  it  better  to  mfiiare  diem  Mf  artifice,  t&ta 
$aieii.  attack  them  in  fo  dangerous  a  place.  He  therefore  ordered  Ms 
troops  to  leave  them,  and  go  piHageJJfew4 :  they  ItlEewifc  en- 
tered Chdm4,  and  brought  away  abundance  of  fpcnl.  Theo 
foS&xg  fome  raiments  m  the  woock,  departed  with  the  c^ 
Yafay.'  The  17th,  he  crofled  the  river  Ck^ni,  and  encamped 
four  miles  thence,  oa  the  fide  of  die  Jendve  (or  jfimaw),  m  a  pWn 
four  leagues  long,  full  of  pallurage.  As  ibon  as  the  army  had 
^tted  the  defiles,  the  Indians  came  out  of  their  mountain,  to 
ft-enter  thdr  houfes.;  but  were  foon  attacked  by  the  ambrf- 
lade,  who  cut  them  in  pieces,  without  giviiig  any  quarter,  ex- 
cq)ting  the  king,  and  fifty  officers  of  confidi?ration.  On  tMi 
fticcefs,  Timur  bleffed  the  Ahnighty,  who  had  dtelivered  the 
cnemiesf  of  the  faithful  into  their  hands.  Great  cars  was-takcR 
©f  the  Idng  of  Cb^mu,  who  had'been  wounded  in  the  fight,  in 
prder  to  get  more  eafily,  the  money  due  for  feving  the  Kfwrf 
him  apd  his  people.  This,  joined  to  the  difcourib  of  dKJfe 
^bout  him,  concerning  the  Mohammedan  religion,  prevalM 
efa  him,  when  cured,  to  embrace  that  6dth,  and  eat  die  fkik 
,  of  oxen.  Upon  this,  Timir  made  a  treaty  with>  ;md  received 
|iim  under  his  proteftion.  . 
Lahor  Mean  time,  news  arrived,  that  the  forces  f^nt  to  Lah^  {ofLo^ 

fill^ffd,    hur)  had;nad^  t^^mi^lv^  o)^^s  of  il^  dtjf,  hatf  aftually  r«- 

C«KCl 


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C;4;  fifc^^i^ff  (jf  Tw^rJBafc 

my^i  th^ i^ija  tv^,  awi.w4e ^Mkty  J^ktt^  .pfifiice  thortof* 
brifoner.  This  prince,  at  the  beginning  of  the  war,  accompaosed 
5^r.evi?ry-whpre,  ^d  y^^dn  gj^mt  hfowr ; :  Utti,  ikt  kngth, ' 
teve  being  crated  h^  t^  r^pmrn  K^^lohor,  Iw  itewed  a  dtff 
r^;ard  for  th^  J^^gat^-Sy  which  4r<w  on  turn  Tiwjrfr's  refeat*-  *    ' 
©epfc  whjo  ord^d  l^  <:Qiifiuy  |o  be  piJtoged,  and  hi$  pcrfon 
i^ed.    ^JiwfA  ?9ri^,  tJw?.^«lfWEpr ^lO^  th^  J<?iiwit/,  and  cur* 
c^Bfijf^  iivc  oiilf$  'tjifi^f .    r{^^t  d^y,  |h^  anny  croflsd  tlaie 
fiyqr.    I^e  ?2d,  tl^  puffed  th^  D4ndaHa.    And  the  dajnfoU-  Tbearm^ 
Ipwi^  7/f22i2r  Q^derodi  that  all  tb«  ami>s  of  both  \nog6,  the  diJhamUd^ 
colonels  of  f^im^nts,  and  the  captains  of  companies,  fliould 
peti^rn  home,  oy  the  differqit  routes  parked  out  for  them.  He 
^n  nxadi;  prdfents  to  them,  according  to  th^  rank  and  merit. 
He  did  the  like  to  the  lords  of  India,  amirs,  and  fharife,  who 
had  accompanied  him,  ^nd  perqiitted  th^m  to  return ;  affignn  ' 

ing  the  government  of  the  city  and  proyiace  oiMultdn  to  Kaier 
Kb^Jh  y^9f  hnprifoQcd  by  S4r^nk,  m  the  citadel,  cfgapcd, 
and  4?4  6?"^  ?^  ^iuda^y  ft  M^bflnmifdan,  Wng  of  Biana^  dc» 
pendent  on  Dehli ;  and  then  to  Timury  on  lus  arrival  in.  the      ' 
^ojunjtpy  p. 

'X^^'  ?4th>  the  f^mi  ^H^»mped  at  JeHM,  «  dclightfttl  re*  Kalhnrfr  ' 
fidenpe,  q;^  ^e  b0Jjdei:-s  of  Kq/hmir  This  country  is  a  prin-^  de/inhnfn 
^p^ty^  ni^f  if^,  of  an  oval  form,  and  furrOundedvon  aUiidei 
^y  )^ffi  mountains*  To  the  fosth,  it  has  the  cq»fitry  of  DthS^ 
tix  thp  nof;^h^  BaddkJhM  ai^  Kbor^^Jfin ;  to  the  weft,  iheiJg&A 
^ibes  J  ^4  ^P  the  ^,  T^bbgt^  or  Tihei.  Jiccording  to  tba 
p^tiv^  tlie/iifclv^s,  tj^Gs^  s^  in  this  province,  i  ci,ooo  itooriflung 
Yi^l^s :  ^ut  'tb  the  comnAot^  opinion*  thAt,  both  in  the  moonn 
j^ns  ^nd.  plains,  there  ^e  not  hyvpx  tj^m  xoo,ooo.  The^aat 
country  Jalftw^n  the  mowitains  i$  tweaty  leagues  in  breadth^ 
The  women  ajre  beautifuJl,  to  a  proverb.  aEW!)ng  the  P^ans^ 
!rhe  air  and  wa^r  very  whpl? fome.  They  have  vaft  quantkiea 
gf  good  fruits :  b«t  .j^he  winter  is  hurtful,  becanfc  of  the 
sdwndanoe  of  A¥>^  TM  fummer  fruited  as  dates,  oranges, 
aod  citrons,  n^^r  cpp^  W  HWlturity;  but  are  brought  from 
^(icaixner  oo^mxies,.  "Jh^  prioce  r^(^9  at  Nagaz  (O),  whkck 
U^the  centra;,  aqd  capital  ql  die  whole*  Through  the  middle 
gf  the  f^tf  runs  ^r^ver,  as  \9^g^  ^  the  7%ra  at  Bdgbd4d^  and 
|s  excee^^g  raf^d,  though  fojPSE^d  froiQ  a  fii^le  fountain  ii^  ' 
the  fam^  counti^  ^ed  thf  foi^kjOUft  of  Pat*  Th^  inhabitantas 
^ve  cro0e4  it  %.inoi^f  tha^  tl^JtQr  bridges  of  boats,  beiides 

»  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,,p,  §6-^^44  c.  45?— s^. 

(O)  Doubtlefs  ihe  fame  now  gar,  the  Aralnc  r  and  «  diflfcring 
^sMedKoj/XmarsindMnagar.  Mi-  only  b^  a  jpioint  oytrthe  latter.  . 
^4w  is  perhaps  a  fuftake  %  JVi|r 

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mtmtaims. 


Timftr 
Titans 


316  mjhrypfibeMoQiWandTztm.       B.  VI. 

A.  D.    diains  at  the  chkf  paflages ;  fevea  of  which  bridges  are  in 

1399*.     Nagaz. 

■*^"y-^  Whbn  this  river  has  pafled  ont  rf  Kajbmtr,  it  takes  dif- 
Ri'ver  wid  £erent  names,  firom  the  countries  it  wafhes,  as  Dmdana  and 
Jamad.  Above  Mvkkn^  it  joins  the  Jenave  (or  Jenarw) ;  and, 
havii^  pafled  that  dty^  falls  into  the  RAvi^  vrhich  mns  by  die 
other  Mtdtin.  At  length  the  river  Biah  joins  them ;  and,  near 
the  town  of  Uciot  they  all  ra(h  into  die  Ah-fend^  or  Indus^ 
wUcb  is  loft  in  ths  fea  of  Onrnian  (or  Arabia),  at  the  end  of 
the  country  of  Tatta.  The  mountains  which  fnrround  Kaflh 
miry  (erve  as  a  fortification  againft  enemies ;  and  over  them 
are  three  roads  into  it :  that  from  KhoraffSn  is  fo  very  difficult, 
that  the  inhabitants  are  obliged  to  carry  the  merchandizes,  and 
other  burdens,  on  their  Nacks,  with  beafts  of  carriage :  thc^ 
road  of  India  is  equally  difficult :  that  of  Tobbot  {ToH,  or  TiMft) 
h  eafie^l,  but,  for  feveral  days,  travellers  meet  widi  ven(»nous 
herbs,  which  poifon  their  horfes.  Thus  God  has  given  the 
country  natural  defences ;  fo  that  the  inhabitants  have  no  oc- 
cafion  for  arms  or  armies. 

MARCH  25th,  Tifw^r,  leaving  Jebhin,  marched  to  the 
Dandina,  four  miles  diflant,'  and  crofled  it.o^er  a  bridge, 
which  he  caufed  to  be  made.  Next  day,  he  departed  for  Sa- 
markant,  before  the  army ;  and  having  marched  twenty  miles 
along  that  river,  encamped  at  Sanbq/iey  a  town  in  the  moun- 
tain of  Indis.  The  27th,  he  came  to  the  cafUe  of  Beruji 
then  entering  the  defart  of  Jalali  (or  Jer£),  got  out  of  it,  and 
^ame  to  a  cavern,  three  miles  from  Beruj,  where  he  encamped. 
Next  day,  at  ten  in  the  morning,  he  arrived  at  the  Indus,  which 
he  crofled,  over  a  bridge  of  b^ts.  The  29th,  he  ftopped  at 
Ban6.  April  2d,  he  fet  out ;  and  next  day  came  to  Nagat, 
a  caftle;  built  by  the  Am!r  SoleymAn  ShM,  to  curb  the  Ugans. 
April  6th,  he  arrived  at  K^bul;  the  7th,  ztGarbAn.  The 
8  th,  having  crofled  the  mountain  and  dcSle  of  Sk^berti,  bdi^ 
ftruck,  fays  our  author,  by  fome  evil  eye,  or  malign  influence, 
he  fell  fick,  and  had  on  his  feet  and  hands'  painful  ulcers : 
fo  that  he  was  forced  to  be  carried  in  a  litter.  Thu^  he  pitl&d 
a  very  narrow  defile  of  the  mountain  Siap^h ;  in  which  fpacc, 
they  crofled  the  river  of  the  d^e  forty-eight  rimes :  twenty- 
fix  from  the  b^inning  of  the  defile  to  the  mountain,  and 
twenty-two  from  the  mountain  to  the  epd  of  the  defile.  The 
1 2th,  Tipisir  recover^..  Tkt  1 3th,  he  reached  Bakalin ;  from 
whence  parting  through  Semenkan  a^id  Kulfn,  be  arrived  at  the 
JiMn  on  the,i4tR,  and  croffed  over  to  Termed.  From  this 
place,  by  the  way  of  KoWga,  or  the  iron  gate,  he  came  to 
Kajb ;  and,  having  made  fome  days  ftay  in  this  city,  departed 
fpi"  Sam^riant  the  pth  of  Ma^^  aud  ajcriv^  ibm  c^  the  i6th^ 

Sooa 


to  Samar- 
kanc. 


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C.  4:^.^      -    '  the  Reiin  of  tittidv  Bck. 

Soon  after,  he  diftributed  the  curiofities  and  riches  whidilie 
had  brought  from  India,  among  the  princes,  of  the  blood,  the 
fliarifs,.ind  principal  men  of  tibe  kingdom-     To  crown  this* 
/«/wn  expedition,  Tim^r  erefted  a  magnificent  mpik  in  his 
coital,  large  enough  to  contain  all  the  faithful  in  that  great 

TlMUR  had  not  been  returned  abov^  four  months,  when  Ajffkirs  af 
lie  found  himfelf  obliged  to  undertake  a  new  expedition  into  Iran 
hin  (or  Perfia  at  large),  to  put  a  ftop  to  the  diforders  which 
had  crept  in  there,  during  his  abfence  ^n  India ;  chiefly  owing 
to  the  mifc6ndu£k  of  the  Mfrza  Mirhn  Sh^h,  Viceroy  oi  Azer- 
bejin,  whc^e  underftanding  had  been  impaired  by  an  accident. 
This  prince,  while  hunting  near  Tauris,  in  autumn  801,  faW 
a  roebuck,  which  he  was  defirous  to  take  with  his  hands :  but^ 
m  ftooping,  he  fell  off  his  horfe,  though  one  of  the  be(l  horfe* 
men  in  all  Jfia  \  and  the  violence  of  the  fall  caft  him  into  a  . 
fwoon,  in  which  he  lay  a  long  time*    He  continued  in  fits  for 
three  days ;  and  his  phyfician  being  an  ignorant  fellow,  or  ra« 
ther  a  l^iavc,  the  mirza  was  feized  with  a  vjertigo,  which  im- 
paired; his  feufes :  fo  that,  on  a  bare  fufpieion,  he  flew  a  man^ 
fquand^ed  away  the  public  treafures,  and  deflroyed  the  moft. 
noted  buildings.    He  marched  with  his  troops  to  beflege  B^gh* 
dady  at  an  improper  feafon  of  the  year :  but,  two  days  after 
Ke  had  invcfted  it,  was'  obliged  to  raife,  the  fiege,  on*  account 
'  (rf  the  revolt  of  Tauris ;  where,  on  his  arrival,  fie  put  to  the 
fword  all  who  Were  accufed  of  being  in  the  confpiracy. 

After  this,  taking  it  in  his  head,  that  the  Sh2n\i  Alt,  in  great 
prince  of  Sheki,  intended  to  revolt,  he,  without  farther  exa-  difirden 
mination,  fet  forward  with  an  army,  to  ravage  Ms  country. 
The  Chriftian  Georgians,  before  this,  had  revolted.  When  they 
imderfl:ood  how  little  the  mJrza  applied  himfelf  to  public 
affairs ;  and  to  revenge  this  invafion,  in  conjunftion  with  the 
Sharif  Ali,  went  with  a  great  army,  to  relieve  Soltan  Tdher\ 
fon  oi  Ahmed,  f^itan  of  Bdghd&d,  who  had  be(^n  befieged  a 
long  time  in  Alenjik,  by  Soltan  Sanjer,  fon  of  Haji  Sayfo'ddtrt. 
they  entered  Azerhej&n^  and  plundered  the  country.  Ot\  which 
advice,  Sanjer  raifed  the  fiege ;  and,  being  returned  to  Tauris, 
Miran  Shah  fent  his  fon  the  Mfrza  Abubekr  to  repulfe  the  Geor^ 
gians4  Thefe  latter  having  fent  away  nher',  and  placed  Haji 
Sdleh,  with  three  oznawrs,  or  chief  lords,  of  Georgia,  in  Alen* 
jtk,  in  their  return  met  the  army  of  Tauris ;  which,  being  far 
Icfs  numerous,  would  have  avoided  fighting :  but,  as  they 
were  oblig^  to  engage,  the  Georgians  broke  through  both 
their  wings,  at  the  firft  onfet ;  and  the  Sharif  AH  perceiving 

^  Hiil.  Tim.Jck,  p.  94^—105,  c  ^—36. 

Ab/lbekr, 

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Mifiwy  of  the  Mt^tA  W  Tatars.       B:  Vf. 

jtbibiiti  rdttad  onliiHi  with  his  f^ord  :  but  tki3  jcotf^fftasi^ 
though  b«t  6)gki«m  ye»ii»  old,  A^  hfm  ddtf  ii^ldfiEfi^^i^, 
'  ^wfaich  ftock  ia  his  nock) :  how^vW,  thd  didrgidHs  defealetf  ^ 
tntops  P. 

to  <what        'I'HB*  Mtrza.  ^firJ^  ih^^  Umcj  tfY^txtei  ftifi  m^rc^  in  Kis 
fvvi'jr^.       debauches ;  for  he  fpent  almoft  all  his  time  in  drinking  and 
I^Mng.    One  4*7  tae  rdpfoachdd  Md  ^^ife,  A^  I^iincrfs'^^ 
^ddM,  tritb  a  bet  which  mycmded  h^  l^disr.    Sfa^eodei^ 
YQMIrffitodifitoverttegrottddSdf  if;  ia Whi^h  hiqob]^  fei^dral 
fsrftmsdf  hoth  facts  w«pe!&»i£ked.    l%e  a'^^erfrofti  be^^aafc 
the  mkza  and  her  ftai  increafi^,  (be  r^red  ^  StAikLfkihfi*i 
where  anivkigy  juft  at  die  tfaae  whed  Ttm4r  wad  ttuSttteA 
HxdhecftonhuliAf  (he  aflured  hfaif  ^  th^/ if  he  did  noc  naarcfi 
ftrthwith  into  IriHf  her  hnlbftttd,  who>  tlk^otigh  Ms  ^rSaim^i 
dreidy  flighted  hb  manda^«es»  would  certainly  result.     The 
emperor,  wha  ibid  been  before  infont^d  of  tte  miicOii^^of' 
ills  (bn,  rcfehed  to  Mow  tUs  ddvke  ^  fti^  imtinfedi^tely  MRMd 
orders  to  aflfanHc  the  troops^  for  a  cam]paign  of  {&fertj^i3^. 
'The  MitTSi  SkJUf  H^k,  on  &-ft  notice,  got  re^d^tiit  ttd^is^ 
Kha-a/fttn ;  a&d  fent  his  Wazir  ScteymJfn  Shah  towards  -taurt/it 
with  his  yan-guard,  following  with  the  reft  ctf  his  arnjy.     77* 
ffiAr  (et  out  from  Samarkant  O^tAir  1 1  th,  r399';  and,  croAi^ 
the  JMn  (or  Jimtt)  21X  Termed,  C^xAt  to  BM\   ^Ftottl  fhencei 
after  feveral  days  march,   h^  arrived  at  Sdrek  Khhijb  Jint; 
'  •      whepe  he  vifited  the  tomb  rf  the  celebrated  Mufti  Jhmed  Jam. 
From  thence  he  fent  the  lAirm  Rufttm  to  his  eWeft  brothd- 
•  '         Ph-  Mehemed,  at  ShirM^  wi$h  orders  for  them  to  marcfr  to 
B^MM.    Their  continuing  his  road  by  Nifht^r  irndBeffM^ 
yh^  and  Khawar,  W  Jyuaniky  he  was  there  joined  by  ilic 
Mfea  SHh  Mkhy  who  ha^  marchied  by  Shafuman,  Jftarabod^ 

*rheau'  '  MttAN  rime,  t\m  AttAr.  ShUf^m^  ^&h,  bring  arrived  at\%r, 
thors  pU'  in  his  way  from  Merit  to  Ta\iHi\  heard  of  Mtr^rt  Sh^ff%  la» 
nijbil.  nacy ;  and  not  thinking  it  fafe  to  go  thither,  rdblved  to  march 
to  kamad&n.  But,  at  theinvimtion  of  the  Mirza  Abubekr,  the 
imlr  went  thither ;  and  even  pcrftiaded  Miri^n  Shdh  to  fet  our, 
twor  days  after,  to  meet  the  empercw^ ;  which  he  did,  at  SMdf* 
Har\  but  was  not  received,  with  any  tokens  of  kiridnefs.  Then 
T&wJr  fent  commiflaries  to  Tauris,  to  inquire  into  that  prince's 
deportment ;  and  it  appearing,  tliat  his  exceflfes  wertf  chiefly 
owing  to  the  inftigation  of  certain  profligate  mufidans,  and 
others,  the  emperor  ordered  that  they  fhould  all  be  hanged; 
without  exception,  for  a  warning  to  others.  Amoc^the^mefi 
of  parts,  who  fu^ered  on  this  occa(ion>  was  the  inconipamUt 

p  ^ift.  Tim,  Bck,  Vd.II.  1.  v.  c.  i>  p*  ro8-iii- 

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C.4.         '     The  RiigHrf^ixai^Btii:  '$t| 

MuUna  Mdtmed  KMeJMnii  fo  famoib  for  dU  Icisnctt,  jind  fd  A.  D, 
celebrated,  a  poet,  whofe  converfadon  and  agreeable  nirit  had  13994 
rendered  him  the  wonder  of  hi^age.  <  .im^^'i^ 

TIMUR^  kavii^  Sbairiar,  proceedcid  hy  ScbMya  and  Kd*  TimOr 
rade^ra  to  Arddftl\  and,  having  hunted  in  the  {dakis  of  TIM*  arrinjiu 
kin  and  /^i<2»72  (towni  c^  Azerkgan),  eroded  the  river  ArAna^ 
to  ^arabAgb  Arrhn^  Here  Sfhartf  5m£  Ahmed,  fon  of  Sharif 
^^  king  of  Siekiy  by  the  mediation  of  She]^  lirMm,  king 
^iBMrwan,  was  pardoned,  and  confirmed  m  his  ^principality, 
\ifTtatir ;  merely  on  account  of  Ibrahim,  whom  he  Ibved,  for 
Us  &u:a:ity,  and  diffinguifhed  among  his  greateft  officers.  The 
iheykh,  to  welcome  his  majefty's  arrival  in  his  country,  made 
a  fmnptuous  banquet  for  the  court,  and  afterwards  o&red  hi$ 
preients,  which  were  very  confidoable*  Mean  dme,  the  couYt. 
recdeed  advice  ci  the  death  of  fevo'al  great  princes.;  as  Ttmir 
Kotluk  Aglen,  who  having  been  raifed  by  the  emperor  to  the 
throne  oi  K^ky.  after  the  defeat  oi  Toktamtjb  Kbdn,  had 
afterwards  m^  war  on  his  bene£aAor ;  likewife  of  Barkok, 
Ipagoi Eg)i^  and  Syria ;  Tamg4%  Khin,  emperor  of  China ; 
and  Kezra  Koja  Aglen,  kiM[  of  Jetdh,  upon  whofe  deceafe 
(Jiflentions  aroie  among  his  four  fons,  Shama  JehH^  Mehemed 
AgUk,  Shir  AHy  and  Shah  JehAft  ^.       ^ 

Nbw^  arrivsod  alfo  of  the  MirrsiE/iander's  fuccdfles  in  Mo'  Hisfuccefi 
gul^t&n.  This  prince,  though  but  fifteen  years  old,  taking  in  Jetab. 
9dmta^  of  the  di0entbns  which  arofe  among  the  Getes  2^t 
Ae  death  of  Kezra  Koja  Aglen,  left  AfidekMn,  at  the  bead  dF 
hk  troops,  and  entered  into  the  lands  of  the  Moguls  (or 
Mangh)., '  Being  come  to  K4figary  they  jiflaged  tjb6  city  cf  ' 
T^Hkeni  (P)  (or  TarMah)^  and  then  proceecUng  forward,  phm- 
^ssT^'^iA^^XAfmJky  Keiapine,.  Ah  Gheut,  Tir  KurgAk,  Char- 
ts, Mdi^Key^  Bdgb.{(\}.  They  at  length  arrived  at  the 
province  of  Atvj,  moft  of  whofe  tribes  fubmirted :  the  reft  they 
carried  prifbsiers.  irowardt  die  citadel  of  AkfA,  confifiing  of  three 
caftles,  wdiick  hate^  a.  conunanication  with  each  other ;  and  is 
eikemed  fo  ftcong,  that  the  inhabitants  <^  aU  the'  neighbour^ 
ii^  pcovinces  coaAder  it  as  a.  fafe  retreat  in  time  of  war.  Butt 
the  rnkzaixonrtogc^nied  aflauks  tabe  given,  one  after  aYiatfter^ 
for  near  forty  days,  the  befieged  were  forced  to  fiirrender. 
After  this,  he  fent  troops  to  pUlage  th«  towns  of  ^^j,  Kujht^^ 
.  and  7'dr^*rt. 

'  ^  Hift.  Tim.  Bqk,;p.  1,12—121,  c.  ir-./fc. 

*   fP)   The  prefcnt  ca]^ita!  of*    .   (QJ  AH  t©iynsof^o'^/^i&r. 

'  "  •  'Digitized  by  VjOQQIC 


Of  Mirza 
ElUuder; 


tmlhis 
di/grace. 


Timftr 
attacks 
Komfha. 


These  conqudib-finUhed^  the MirzaiS/^^irrmarched from 
j^kfu  to  Kotan  (j^.  This  place  is  thirty-five  days  journey  froitt 
Kara  Koja  (or  Aramuth),  aiid*fiftcen  froto  Kajbkar^  which  is 
twenty-five  from  Samarkant,  In  Koian  are  two  dyers,  Orak* 
kajb  and  Katakq/b,  the  ftones  of  which,  being  jafper,  ace 
carried  to  othyer  countries.  The  mirza  behaved  with  fo  much 
prudence,  that  all  the  towns  and  caftles  of  this  frontier  pro-" 
VMice  were  reduced.  From  Kotan  he  went  to  Kardngu  Tag,  a 
fteep  and  rugged  mountain,  in  which  the  rivers  of  Kotan  have 
their  fprings,  and  to  which  the  inhal;ntants  of  that  and  the 
neighbouring  places  fly  for  refuge  in  time  of  war :  but,  finding 
it  inacceifible,  retun^,  to  winter  at  Kajbgar.  Frc«n  hence 
be  fent  prefents  to  the  emperor,  and  ^e  Mirza  Mehemed  Sd^ 
tdn,  of  three  beautiful  women  of  Katdn :  but  the  latter  refufed 
bis  prefent,  being  greatly  incenfed  againft  Ejkander ;  becaufe,, 
having  entered  Turkejlan  with  an  army,  in  order  to  join  him 
againft  the  Getes,  the  youi^  mirza,  that  he  might  not  fervo 
under  Mehemed  Saltan,  inftead  of  waiting  for  him,  as  he  ought^ 
marched  before  into  Moguieftdn,  while  his  coulin,  in  di%afi^ 
returned  to  Samarkant.  , 

When  fpring  was  come,  Ejkmder  returned  to  AndekUbt^ 
and  thence  fct  forward  to  vifit  Mehemed  Solt&n.  But,  leamii^ 
on  the  road  that  the  latter  intended  to  feize  him,  he  returned, 
and  entered  the  caftle  of  JnJekhdn,  There,  bdng  taxed  by 
two  amirs  with  a  deilgn  to  revolt,  they  afiembled  the  milioa, 
and  befieged  him.  Upon  this,  ffjidnder  came  out,  and  haidng 
talked  to  them  with  much  good-nature,  went  to  lodge  in  a 
garden  made  by  his  father  Omar  Sheykh,  Then  liaving  iozcd 
his  domeilics,  they,  by  Mehemed  SoltinS  order^  carried  them, 
with  the  miiTa,  to  Samarkant*,, and  having  bound  him,  pot 
to  death  his  atabek  (or  governor),  with  twenty-*fix  of  his 
boufhold. 

To  return  to  Tmir,  This  prince,  having  chofan  three 
men  out  of  every  ten,  to  ferve  as  fcouts,-  fet  out  from  Kara* 
bagh  Arr^n ;  and  croffing  the  KHrj^Gx  a  bridge  of  boats,  was 
joined  by  Sheykh  IbrMm,  of  Ship^,  and  SUi  Ahmed,  priocs 
of  Sheki  (S),  by  which  city  the  army  pailed,  and  took  the  road 


(R).  This  city  Is  iJ7  dajrs 
jourftey  from  KambJilek  (or  iv- 
king) ;  for,  from  Kotan  to  Kara 
Koja,  are  thirty  five  ftages  j 
thence  to  Tetkaixsl^  in  the  bor- 
ders of  China,  thirty-one,  where 
there  is  a  wall  betweeti  two 
mountains,  with  a  great  gate, 
aiid  feveral  inns ;  fr«m  hence  to 


Ghen-jan  H,  a  city  of  ChinM, 
fifty -one  days ;  and  forty  ^eocf 
to  Kambdlek ;  'tis  alfo  fony  from 
Ghen-jan  Fu  to  Nem-na;^*  S&a- 
rifo'ddin. 

(S)  A  town  on  the  (buth  bor- 
ders of  Georgia,  near  the  d^m 
fea.    La  Croix* 


to 


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ti>  the  (i^  cUKmfifa  (belonging  to  a  prince  c^  tiidt  fi^iftie)^ 
iMiere  the  infidel?  d^xrdt.    As  this  defile  iflras  ftilt  of  unpafTable 
^^oods,  the  fddiers>  ^th  their  axe^  knd  ikws,  mad«  fl  r6ad^ ' 
tefr  days  journey  in  length,  and  broad  enbugh  for  ii*  com* 
pjftnies  to  march  in  front.    Althongh  it  fnoi^ed  very  hard^  fot" 
twenty  days  together,  yet  the  army  entered  Georgia'^  and  fell' 
tipon  the  infidels  in  the  mountdn,  giving  quarter  to  non6« 
Ktmjbd^  the  chieJF  of  them,  £icd,  kavnig  his  ^ily  and  efFe6lsi 
They  deftroyed  Ms  vi!lag«s^  with  the  churches,  and  plucked 
tip  the  vine-trees.  Which  the  inhabitants,  who  Were  very  fond 
of  wine,  bad  carefully  pdanted.    After  a  month's  flay  in  thld 
defile,  the  roads  being  impaflable,  through  die  feverity  6f  th^' 
Weathcrj  TimAr  returned  to  Karab&gfi ;  where  an  inquiry  be* 
ifig  niade  into  the  behaviour  of  the*  officers,  who  fought  th^ 
Geetgitms  in  thdr  returti  firom  Alergik^  fomc  were  puniflied 
With  the  baftonado,  and  all  the  principal  officers  of  the  Mfrza    • 
MrAn  SUh  fined.    The  Prince  Buth^AgUn  (who  had  beed 
re(bred  to  favour)  Was  put  to  death,  for  his  mifdoings  in  fe^ 
Veral  fkirmifhes ;  and  his  fon  treated  in  the  fame  manner :  but 
the  ^arza  AMbekr  was  much  honoured,  for  his  valour  fllewil 
in  that  a^Hon '.  >;    ' 

The  Mfrza  Rujim,  fent  from^  J&m  to  ShtrK;  ^^  before- P!r  Me* 
mentioned,  being  arrived  at  that  city,  was  handfomely  received  hemed^iSf*. 
by- thte  Mirza  Ptt  Mehemed :  and  fet  out  for  BdghdM  loon  after^  t^J^^* 
according  to  his  orders,  leaving  Pir  Mehetfied  behind  to  follow 
him.     He  palled  by  Tojtar  and  Rdmhermes,  to  Mendeli  (T)  \ 
where  he  arrived  m  March  1400;*  and,  defeating  Amfr  y^/i  Hej.  8oa* 
Kal^tndef  the  governor,  pillaged  the  toWn*    Mean  while,  thd    A.  D. 
Mtrza  Pir  Mehemed,  after  a  long  delay,  fet  out  for  Bdghdad:     '4©^* 
bnt^  after  forte  days  march,  turned  back  again,  on  pretence 
of  ficknefs ;  and,  by  the  infligation  of  certain  perfons,  Under- 
took to  compofe  poifons  and  fafdnations.  The  Amir  Sdid  Bet* 
I6i^  governor  of  Shtrdz,  being  informed  hereof,  imprifoned 
the  mtrza  in  the  caftle,  and  gave  advice  to  77^^  5  Who  im* 
mediately  fent  AllahdMy  to  profecute  the  offenders,  and  place 
R4ftem  on  the  throne  of  Pdrs,  in  the  room  of  his  elder  bro- 
tbM->  whom  he.  was  to  bring  botind  to  c6urt.    This  amtr  put 
to  death  ibme  men  of  quality,  concerned  in  corrupting  the  ^ 
prince ;  While  Mfteniy  coming  from  Mendehy  on  notice  ^ven 
bimi  wasi  by  letters  patents,  eftablifhed  in  his  place< 

^  Hid.  Tim.  Bck,  p.  121— ^i  Jo,  e.  4-*6. 

(T)  A  town  of  Ardia  [rafter  tf^  Jrait]i  dependent  On  Sd^l^ 
iad.     La  Croix^ 

Irfop*  IbsT.  Vol.  V.  X  WkEif  * 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


tlift^  of  the  Moguls  md  Tatars.      B.  VI. 

When  Mr  Alt  Kalander  arrived  at  B&ghd^y  with  an  ao- 
CoMTit  of  what  had  pafled  at  MeruUli,  Soltan  Jhmed,  in  great 
^  perplexity,  ordered  the  gates,  to  he  Aiut,  and  the  bridge  de- 
u*  KPd  ^^^^^*  fil^^  ^^  ^^^  more  alarmed  at  the confpiracy  formed 
*^*8  •  againft  him  by  Sherwdn,  This  lord  had  been  made  governor 
of  Khtizefidn  by  Timur ;  but,  having  conmiitted  feveral  irr^ 
gularities,  in  extorting  money,  and  even  putting  to  death  go* 
vernors  of  cities,  he  revolted,  with  looo  horfe,  to  the  foltan. 
He  had  not  been  long  at  B^hdM^  before  he  began  to  confpirc 
againft  his  proteftor,  by  bribing  his  principal  officers  with  vaft 
fums  of  money.  The  plot  was  difcovered  by  an  officer,  who 
finding  the  memorandum  of  the  monies  paid,  which  SbtT' 
vjan*s  fecretary  had  loft,  carried  it  to  his  nlafter,  at  fuch  time 
as  he  had  ordered  the  gates  to  be*ftiut.  The  foltan,  more 
affrighted  at  this  treafon  than  before,  fent  orders  to  theamin,  / 
who  were  on  an  incurfion  with  Sierwany  tocut  oiFhis^ead*,/ 
and,  in  lefs  than  eight  days,  put  to  death  above  2000  of  his 
own  officers  in  Bdghddd;  he  flew,  with  his  own  hand,  mod 
of  the  ladies  and  officers  of  his  {Shenvdn*s)  houftiold. 
SoUdn  After  this,  Soltan  Ahmed  ftiut  himfelf  up  in  his  faray, 

AbmcdV  not  fuffcring  any  one  to  come  near  him  :  even  when  the 
Jiight,,  ftewards  brought  him  his  dinner,  they  delivered  it  at  the  door,  , 
without  entering.  He  fpent  feveral  days  in  this  manner ;  and 
then  croffing  the  Tigris,  in  the  night,  by  boat,  with  fix  per- 
fons  only,  rode  to  the  country  of  Kara  Tufef,  Mean  time, 
the  ftewards,  as  ufual,  delivered  the  king's  diinncr  at  the  pa- 
lace-gate ;  fo  that  he  returned,  with  Kara  Tufef^sA  his  troops, 
before  the  people  knew  any  thing  of  his  abfence.  In  Jvij 
Ahmed  hearing  that  Tim^r  was  on  his  march  to  Siwds  (in  Ana, 
ioHa)y  fet  out.  With  Kara  Tufefy  his  family,  and  treafures,- 
that  he  might  get  thither  before  the  roads  were  ftopped  op  by 
the  emperor's  troops.  At  HMepy  he  was  oppofed  by  Tmk' 
tdjb,  who  conmianded  there ;  but  having  defeated  his  troops, 
he  continued  his  road. 
Timur  in-  To  return  to  fimir.  When  winter  was  over,  this  prince 
n;ades  called  a  dyet,  wherein  the  war  of  Georgia  being  confidered  as 
Georgia,  preferable  to  all  others,  both  on  account  of  religion,  and  in- 
creafe  of  power,  he  departed  from  Karabdgh  for  Georgia ;  4c 
roads  and  provinces  of  wJiich,  he  ordered  to  be  defcribed  in 
wridng.  In  ten  days  he  arrived  in  the  plain  of  Berdaa ;  where 
he  gave  audience  to  Tahdrteriy  prince  of  Arztnjdny  on  the 
Euphrates.  The  emperor  honoured  him  with  the  marks  of 
fovereignty,  and  then  difmifled  him,  with  orders  to  watch  the 
motions  of  the  Othmdns,  After  feveral  days  march  from  Ber- 
daa,  he  arrived  on  the  borders  of  Georgia ;  ^rom  whence  he 
fent  to  Mdlek  Ghtlrghirt,  king  of  that  country,  to  demand 


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C  4.'  fif^  J^^^fi  of  tiinAr  M;  •         Jl J 

Tiber^  fdn  of  Soltan  Ahmed:    but^    inflead  of  complying^    A.  D* 
CMrghin  returned  a  very  uncivil  anfwer.     Upon  this,  the  Ja-     140'^- 
gatays  entered  his  dominions,  and  deftroyed  every  thing  they  *'*'**4r**^ 
niet^th,  even  the  vines.     The  af&ighted  inhabitaftts,  who 
cfcaped  the  fword,  fled,  >^ith  their  effefts  and  [irovifions,  to 
the  high  mountains;    where  they  had  fortified  caverns  and 
houfes,  built  on  craggy  rocks  j  fo  that  Uo  power  had  ever  yet 
conquered  them. 

For  all  thii,    Timor's  foldlerS,   -Without  cohfidering  th^  Maiij 
dangers,  afcended  the  mountkins ;  and  then,  laying  themfelve?  great  Jlfa» 
in  boxes,  were  let  down  by  cords  to  the  caverns  of  the  in*  '^ock* 
fidels;  which  they  entered,  making  a  terrible  flaughter.  Some, 
of  thefe  craggy  places  were  fd  well  defended,  that,  as  well  to 
difperfe  the  enemy,  as  to  bum  tKeu-  houfes  and  intrenchmfents^ 
tlie  army  were  obliged  td  make  ufe  of  combuftible  matter* 
Thus  they  took  fifteen  noted  places,  giving  quarter  only  to 
fuch  as  turned  Mohammedans,     Tifnur  left  a  ftrong  garrifon  iii 
Taflisy  ovTeftU,  czpitsl  of  Georgia,  and  then  went  to  encamp 
Jn  the  plain  of  Mokran.     Bang  Ghurghin  fled  into  th6  defarts  ; 
but  the  greater  part  of  the  Oznawrs  came  to  the  camp,  and  fued 
for  pardon.     When  the  country  was  reduced,  the  tetnples  and 
monafterieft  were  razed,  and  chapels  and  moiks  crefted  in  their 
room** 

After  this  cotlqucft,  Tlm^it  refdlved  to  attack  'the  ptJier  faiis  di 
provinces  of  Geofgiay  and  marched  next  towards  the  defile  difortre£uk 
prince  Jani  Bek,   whofe  country  being  pillaged,  and  people 
flain,  he  foon  came  to  fubmit  himfdf^   Among  other  fbrtrefles, 
there  was  one  named  Bil,  at  the  entrance  of  the  defile,  which, 
though  {landing  very  high,  and  of  difficult  accefs,  was  pre- 
fently  taken,  and  razed.    The  army,  having  ravaged  other  parts 
of  the  country,  ^ent  to  encamp  in  the  true  antient  Georgia  J 
from  whence  at  length  removihg,  they  croflfed  the  Altfr,  ladeil 
tvith  fpoils.     During  thefe  tranfaftions,   a  great  number  of 
Oznaivrs  retired  into  the  caftle   of  Zerity    fituated  on  thd 
ridgd  of  a  narrow  mountain,  and  ntver  before  taken :  but  Tlni^f      •    • 
having  befieged  it,  after  feveral  attacks,  on  the  feventh  day 
a  general  alfault  was  given,  aiid  the  fort  being  taken  fword  iti 
hand  ;  it  Was  d^moliftled,  and  all  the  Geofgians  flain.     After 
this,  on  advice  that  king  GMrghin  was  iti  the  to-^vn  of  Sivanitf 
the  emperor  marched  thither.  With  dne  half  of  his  army :  but  thtf  * 
king,  not  daring  to  wait  his  coming,  fled  towards  AbkhaZ  (U)^ 

*  Hift.  Tim.  Bck,  p.  130-^x^9,  c.  7,  S, 

(U)   A  towii  of  Georgia^  6ii     country  of  the  Ahkhdfty  to  th« 
the  frontiers  of  CherkaJJia.     La    weft  of  Mingreliai.  ^ 
Croix.  -*-*—  Perhaps  rather  th« 

X%  The 


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Wfiwj.of  the  MoguI$  mi  T^itars.       B«  VI^ 

The  troops  carried  Sw^it  at  the  firft  aflault ;  and  then  "went 
in  purfuit  of  GMrghin:  but  that  prince,  croiSng  the  riiers 
'  J^ygar  and  Korlan  (X),  had  the  good  fortune  to  ekape. 
7be  iittg  iHE^ing  of  Georgia  feeing  himfelf  reduced  to  the  laft  ex* 
futmis4  tremity,  by  protcfting  Prince  Tdher^  he  obliged  him  lo  retire 
to  his  &ther,  in  the  Othmin  dominions ;  and  then  fent  an  aia- 
baffiulor  to  b^  Tmir*s  pardon,  with  a  promife,  on  oath,  to 
pay  the  annual  tribute,  and  fend  any  number  of  forces  into  hia 
iendce.  The  emperor,  on  thofe  conditions,  withdrew  out  ot 
his  country,  and  marched  towards  the  territories  fuhje£k  ta 
Jyv&nu  one  of  the  moft  powerful  fovercigns  of  Georgia.  A$ 
there  was  no  army  to  oppofe  them,  the  foldiers  difperted  them- 
felves,  ruining  the  towns  and  caflles,  and  deibroying  cvwry 
thing  with  fire  and  fword.  They  did  the  like  by  the  country 
and  people  of  Kara  Kalkdnh%  Who  were  armed  with  black 
bucklers,  and  good  mountain  horfemen.  After  this,  Ti$n^  fet 
forward  on  his  return :  but,  receiving  advice,  when  at  flak  orTey- 
lak  Mcnkil^  that  the  enemy  had  aflembled  again  in  Farafgherd^ 
in  Georgia^  he  marched  thither ;  and,  in  five  days,  made  him- 
felf maAer  of  feven  fortrefl^,  which  he  razed,  after  flaying 
an  infinite  number  of  the  infidels ;  and  then  returned  to  AUn^ 
ML  Here  ambafladors  arrived  from  an  European  prince,  to 
make  an  alliance  with  him.  They  brought  with  them  the  foo 
of  Amtr  Morhd  (or  Amurath\  the  Othm&n  emperor,  whom 
they  had  taken  prifoner.  Tvm&r  received  them  with  great  ci- 
vility, granted  them  what  they  defired,  and,  having  ^ven  themr 
rich  vws,  difmifled  them,  to  return  by  way.of  Trabizond  \ 

C  H  A  P.    V. 

TImfir  overthrows  Bayezld,  and  reduces  Georgia.   Dia 
on  his  March  to  conquer  China. 

Tlmftr^-  TOURING  the  two  months  that  Ttndr  encamped  in  Men- 
fended,  *^'>  he  prepared  to  march  againft  Bayezid,  fumamed. 

Ildriniy  or  the  thunderer.  TKis  prince,  who  had  esitended 
his  dominions  confiderably  on  every  fide,  had  not  only  taken 
Siv)^  and  Malatiya,  from  princes  in  friendftiip  with  7nnAr\ 
but  had  fummoned  Tahirten^  though  ^e  knew  hinx  to  be 
under  the  emperor's  proteftion,  to  come  to  his  court,  and  to 
fend  the  tributes  oi  Arzenj&n^  Arzer&m^  and  their  dependencies; 
to  his  treafiiry.    Of  this  Tahdrten  fent  advice  to  Timdr  j  who 

«  Hift.Tim.  Bek,  p.  139—145,  c.  9— 12. 

(X)  ^v^n  ^i Kapfidk  {or  Kiijdk).     La  Croix. 

*      4  *  there- 

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t.  5.  Tbi  Riign  of  Tunftr  Bck. 

'tho^iipon  wvDte  a  letter,  to  advife  A^ynli  to  keep  whhh  hit 
own  boQnds,  and  not  ofifer  to  go  beyond  thole  lunhs.  But, 
as  that  letter  contained  many  re]»t)achfttl  expreiSpii3,  the  Otb^  * 
man  made  anfwer  to  the  envoys,  that  he  had  loi^  defired  to 
have  a  war  with  their  mafler ;  and  that,  M  Timwr  did  not  ad* 
vance  againft  hun,  he  would  go  feck  Timur^  and  drive  him 
beyond  Tauris* 

Thb  eniperor,  00  die  retnm  of  his  envoys,  immediatBly  mmrk$ 
marched  tawwcdsJnatolia.    Being  arrived  at  Aventk  (or  Vta)^  agmnfi 
Jie  was  met  by  the  Amtr  jfllahdM,  who  brought  with  him,  BaycsKL 
fi*om  SMrAz^  the  MIrza  Plr  Mehemed,  bound  lUce  a  oimioal. 
TaEnnfr  ordered  that  the Mir2a  (hould be  exammed,  inacouncU 
of  i^ar,  and  puniflied  according  to  his  deferts.    He  was  fen« 
tieoced  to  recdve  thebaflonado,  accordhig  to  the  yafa  (or  laws 
^  Jenghiz  Kh&n) ;  and,  having  undergone  that  punifhment, 
his  chains  were  taken  off,  and  he.  was  m  at  liberty.    By  the 
iame  laws,  the  Sheykh  ZMe  Fertd^  and  Mob&rek  Kqa^  wer« 
pat  to  death,  for  baring  corrupted  the  mtrza,  and  taught  him 
magic.     After  this,   the  emperor  marched  forward,   at  the 
head c^.his  army;  and,  at  his  arrival  at  Arzertan^  viras  (a* 
Jn^d  by  TahArten^   prince  of  Arzevjin.     September  I,,  he 
entiered  the  country  of  the  Othmans^  and  attacked  ShoAs :  but, 
as  we  intend  to   give   a  pretty  drcumftantial  account  of 
thb  war,  in  our  hiftory  of  the  Othmins,  we  ihall  only  lightly 
aouch.on  thofe  tran{a£tions  in  this  place  \ 

SI  WAS  (or  Sehafie)^  a  fine  as  well  as  ftrong  dty,  fub- Ti^i// SU 
fluitted,  after  dg^teen  days  leaguer,  to  Timir ;  who  ordered  w^* 
4000  Armenian  cavahy  to  be  buried  alive,  and  the  walls  to 
be  razed,  for  an  example  to  other  places.    He  then  fent  troops 
in  purfuit  of  Soltan  Ahmed^  who  had  entered  AnatoRa^  and 
others,    under  the  Mirza  Shab  RAkb^   to  deftroy  the  Turk* 
mdn  robbers  diAbAleftAuy  in  ZulkAderia,  who  had  carried  oflT 
ibme  horfes.     The  folt&n  and  Kara  Tu/ef  efcaped,  with  thf  , 
lofs  of  their  baggage,  and  a  foltina ;  but  the  robbers  were 
cut  to  fneces.    After  this,   he  marched  againft  Malatiyab^ 
which  he  took  in  one  day,  the  governor  and  his  party  flying 
at  Ms  approach.     Then  he  fent  out  troops,  on  all  iides,  to 
rnin  the  country  of  Malatiyab ;  which  they  did,  and  returned 
with  abundance  of  fpoil.     Thus  the  frontiers  of  AnatoBa  and 
Syria  were,  in  at  fti<5rt  time,  brought  in  fubjeftion ;  and  as  the 
fbltan  of  Egypt  had  offended  Tim^r  no  lefs  than  the  Otbmin 
emperor,  he  refolved  to  invade  his  dominions,  before  he  pro- 
:reeded  any  farther  againft  Bayezid^  who  had  no  army  yet  la 
the  field. 

•  Hid.  Tim.  Bek,  p.  145— is**  «•  >3— «5« 

X3  TIMUR, 

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Hiftory  of  tie  Moguk  and  Tatars,      B.  VI. 

T^/MUR,  in  the  year  795  (1393),  after  he  had  reduced 
B&ghdAd^  having  fent  an  ambaflador  to  Soltan  B&rkok^  then 
^  reigning  in  Egypt,  as  hath  been  before-mentioned,  this  am- 
b^ador>  on  his  arrival  at  Rahaba,  on  the  Euphrates ,  was 
-feized,  according  to  cuftom,  and  fent  to  Egypt  \  where,  by 
the  perfuafions  of  Soltan  Ahmed,  he  has  put  to  death.  After 
this,  Kara  Tuf(f  having,  in  battle,  taken  prifoner  Atihnf/b 
JQchirtf  7im4r*8  governor  of  Jvanik,  while  that  monarch  was 
in  Kipjak,  fent  him  to  Bfirkok,  who  confined  him  in  prifon, 
and  continued  his  hofHlities  againft  the  Jagatays.  The  em- 
peror being  now  on  the  borders  of  Matatlyah,  fent  a  letter  to 
Farrfij,  who  had  fucceeded  Barkok,  to  demand  Atilmtjb :  bat 
Farr4j,  after  his  father's  example,  ordered  the  ambaflador  to 
be  imprifoned  at  Hdlep,  where  he  had  been  already  flopped, 
as  ufual,  till  notice  was  given  to  die  foltan  of  his  arrival, 
TimAr,  enraged  at  this  infult,  refolved  to  be  revenged ;  and 
although,  at  firft,  the  amirs  befought  him  to  difl>and  his  troops, 
who  wanted  repofe,  after  fo  many  late  fatigues,  yet,  perceiving 
him  to  be  firm,  they  applauded  his  refolution.  They  marched 
on  to  Behefna,  and  encamped  on  an  eminence  near  the  caftle, 
which  is  in  a  defile  where  feveral  torrents  flow,  built  Mdth  very 
high  and  flrong  walls,  on  the  ridge  of  a  fteep  mountain  **. 
74*«  An-  While  Tif7«/^r  was  viewing  the  place,  agreatftone,  fhotat 
Imp.  him  froip  an  engine,  fell  near  his  tent,  and  rolled  into  it.    En- 

raged at  this,  he  immediately  ordered  his  troops,  who  had 
taken  the  lower  town,  to  beficge  the  fortrefs,  in  whofe  wall 
they  foon  made  breaches  with  their  engines,  fapping  them, 
at  the  fan^e  time,  in  other  places.  The  governor  MokM, 
feeing  himfelf  in  this  diffa-efs,  fent  to  beg  quarter.  77m*^ 
promifed  him  his  liberty :  but  faidj  he  would  take  the  place 
firft,  to  fhew,  that  though  reckoned  impregnable,  it  was  not 
fo  to  him.  The  7th  of  Odiober,  fire  being  put  to  the  props, 
the  towers  began  to  fiall :  after  which,  the  emperor'  nqt  only 
fpared  Mokbel,  but  the  whole  garrifon.  The  army  then  marched 
to  Ant^pa  (or  Jniap)  (A),  a  city,  whofe  walls  were  built  of 
ilonc,  exceedingly  ftrong;  furrounded  by  a  ditch  thirty  cubits 
.  fieep,  and  near  fevcnty  wide,  wth  a  draw-bridge.  Thecoua^ 
Icifearp,  which  was  of  ftone,  Iwl  a  coveredrway,  broad  enooj^ 

^  H^ft.  Tim,  Bpk,  p.  i52-'-i6a,  c.  15— n  9, 

(A)  Arahjh^  fjiys,  that  77-  pn  him  :  yet  he  owns,  that,  by 

fi\tr\^hJ^alatorrum{oxthfcaflU  the   computation    of    Kartzmx 

(j/'/itf  Romans),  without  faring  Timurs  comptroller,   his  army 

to  attapl^  it,  on  account  of  it9  amounted  to  800,000  men.   7t« 

flrength,    although    the    com-  tnur  did  what  was  necefTaryi 

P^def  inmlf  fcYcrfU  fallies  up?  f^nd  Ambjhdb  hat^d  him. 

Digftized  by  VjOOQIC 


C.5'         *      The  Reign  c/Timta^k. 

for  a  man  ohTiorfeback  to  pafs  along  it ;  which  poft  was  af- 
figned  the  archers.  When  the  Tatars  arrived,  th^y  found  the 
principal  perfons  all  gone  out  (B) ;  and  only  a  few  poor  inha- 
bitants left,  wjio  immediately  opened  the  gates  to  Timur,  and 
put  him  in  poliefEon  of  abundance  of  goods,  as  well  as  am- 
munition. 

Mean  time  Tem^rtq/b,  governor  of  Ildlep,  having  fent  ad-  Pf'ocee^s 
vice  to  Kahera  (or  Kayro)  oi  \h^  enemy's  proceedings,  the  '*  W^*^P» 
ibltan  fent  orders  for  all  the  troops  of  Syria  to  march  to  that 
city.  When  they  were  arrived,  TemHrtaJb  aflembled  the  chief 
commanders,  t6  confult  whether  it  was  beft  to  fubmit  to  a 
poweiful  prince,  whofe  fucceffes  and  conquefts  he  fet  forth  to 
advantage,-  or  oppofe  him.  The  moft  experienced '  officers 
approved  of  the  motion :  but  the  majority,  and  efpecially 
ShoMriy  governor  of  Damajkus,  taxed  him  ^\ath  cowardice  (C) ; 
vaunting,  that  the  towtis  of  Syria  Were  not  built  of  mud  and 
brick,  fike  thofe  of  the  countries  conquered  by  Timur,  bu^ 
with  folid  ftone;  and  that  taking  but  a  few  men  out  of  every 
village,  which,  the  regifters  reckoned  to  be  60,000,  an  army 
might  be  ralfed  fufficient  to  withftaild  any  force.  Whjle,^  ther^^ 
for^  it  was  fefolved  to  defend  ffdlep,  Timur  advanced  to- 
wards it.  The  two  firft  days  he  marched  fix  or  feven  leagues 
each.;  but  ^terwards  ordered  the  army  to  move  no  more  thaa 
half,  a  league  per  i^yi  fo  that  in  a  whole  week  they  pro- 
ceeded but  one  day's  journey,  and  that  with  great  precautions. 
The  Syrians,  imputing  the  flownefs"  of  the  enemy's  march  to 
fleaf ,  abandoned  their  firft  refoiution  of  keeping  in  the  town, 
and  drew  out  in  the  open  field.' 

The  8th  of  November  the  army  of  Timur  arrived  near  HS.-  T>efeatx  -. 
kp  :  and,  the  tKrd  day  after,  marched  to  attack  the  enemy  ;r\  the  e^m;^< 
<»rder  of  battle  :  every  one  had  oii  a  coat  of  mail,  a  culrafs,  .  * 

and  helmet.  The  right  wing  was  commanded  by  the  Mirzas 
Mirdn  Shih  and  Sh^h  Rukh  ;  and  the  van-guard  of  it  by  the 
Mirza  Aldbekr.  .  Soltan  Mahmud  led  the  left  wing,  wliofe  van^ 
gjiard  was  conduced  by  Soltan  Hujayn,  The  main  body  wa^ 
commanded  by  Tim^r  himfelf  ;*  who  had  before  him  a  rank 
of  bulky  elephants,  which  ferved  as  a  rampart,  with  towers 
on  their  backs,  -filled  with  archers;  and  flingers  oj?  wild-fire. 
The  battle  began  by  the  flcirmifiiers;  who  rufhed  into  the 
midft  of  the  entoy'i  batallions,  and  either  killed,  or  brought 

(B)    According  to  Arahjhdh^         (O,)  Arahjhah  fays,  that   7V- 

<^^Wa*  the  governor  rallied  out;  murtdphviA  ajgreed  with  Tiptut 

and,  being  abandoned  atidwouH-  to  betray  the  foltan  oi  S^fi. 
ded,  fled  to  Hdlep,  but  was  not  .   , "!  , 

purfued. 

X  4  off 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


j.l8  Hiftory^ibiH^^m^T^icm.       B.VL 

A.  D.    olF  fome  no^  perfpn  (Mifop^c.    The  rkht  ving  then  ftll  €ift 
ifoo.     th^  Syrians  left  wing,  which  was  routed  by  the  valour  of  the 
y^y*^  Mir^  Jbfibekr.    Their  left  wing  likewife  defeated  the  eocmy't 
right ,  while  the  n^ain  body  pcnonned  the  like  fervice*    Itoe< 
upon  Shadiln  and  Tem^irtSjb  fled  iato  the  aty,  followed  by 
their  troops,  who  difperfed.     The  major  part  took  the  roa4  • 
to  Damajku^ :  but,  bdng  purfued*  only  one  borfegiaa  of  all 
that  great  army  efcaped  to  carry  the  news  to  that  city  ^ 
'r"h€s  thf       As  for  thofe  who  retreated  into  H^^  the  difocder  was  fb 
J  J,         great  in  the  cWrf  ftrcet  of  the  dty,  and  the  g^ues  fo  p-ouded, 
that  one  could  hardly  p^s*    Here  was  the  greateft  flac^jhtor 
ever  mentioned :  for,  tp  ^void  the  fiiry  of  the  (Wool,  tbqr 
fiung  themfelves  upon  one  another  into  ihe  ditches*    On  tiia 
other  hand,  the  Jagatays^  with  a  fmgle  pike,  oftea  ran  three 
or  four  of  the  eoemy  through  at  a  time,  in  the  throng  of  the 
gate  •.  fo  that  the  dead  bodies  were  piled  upon  ooefmodiflr,  to 
the  very  plinth  of  the  walls ;  and  at  length  a  paflage  wasmade  over 
the  ditch,  ujpon  tho&  bodies>ievel  wim  the  di^w-hri4gp«  There 
one  might  iee  the  horfes  ^d  their  riders  muuad  {Mrofl^iicuoafly, 
and  pQvered  mth  blood  and  dirt ;  fbme  pierced  with  arrows^ 
and  others  with  th^  brains  dafhed  out )  one  with  a  eoajt  <tf 
mail;  his  head  bending  beneath  the  blow  <^  a  war-cbib  ;  aiw 
other  falling  without  his  head,  bis  fword  faft  elaipi^d  in  his 
hand.    Mean  time  other  troops  w^e  employed  in  pillaging  the 
enemy's  camp,  where  they  met  with  abandaiKe  of  ipdl.    At 
length  the  whole  army  marched  to  the  genend  afl^ult  the  fiune 
day,  and  entered  the  dty ;  which  they  plundered  of  it»  great 
Wealth,  carrying  away  the  women  and  children*  bdries  and 
^tUe. 
fhfcafik^      ^^yi^2>l^A^  and  Tiw^rf^  had  rehired  to  the  fortrefe,  which 
fikrren^rr  was  built  on  the  ridge  of  a  high  fteep  rock  (D),  fnrcoandcd 
^?  with  a  ditch  thirty  cubits  wide;  and  fo  deep  with  water,  as  to 

carry  a  \>o^X  (E).  From  the  furface  of  the  water  to  the  caftle^ 
wall,  it  is  about  loo  cubits;  and  the  (hdving  ib  imooth  and 
jle^p,  that  it  is  impoflible  to  afcend  it  on  fopt,  becaufe  it  is 
covered  with  |tee-ftone,  and  poliftied  bricks.  As  foon  as  the 
Jagatays  h^d  furrounded  the  ditch,  they  (hot  arrows  fo  in? 
ippifantl^,  th^t  th^  be^eged  dared  not  appear  on  the  walls } 

^  Hift.  TJnj.  ?cl^,  p.  16^—172,  c.  19—91, 

(D)  The  caftle  of  Jl^o  is  have  f^en  the  dlteb»  any  more 

|iot  built  pn  a  rock,  hot  a  moun-  than  the  callle  ;  for  if  the  ditch 

t^iq  of  earth,  covered  with  frep-  was  full  of  water,  a4hip  might 

^ne.  La  Croi^.  fail  i|i  i^  La  Cr^, 


^ff)  The  author  fecjns  not  to 


V'hile 

.  Digitized  byVjOOQ  I'  ^^^ 


C  5-  tie  Iteign  ^  Timftr  Bck. 

while  the  iitppersy  craffing  the  water  m  floats,  began  to  work 
at  the  bottom  of -the  mottntain^  and  ihake  the  ftones.  This 
bdng  penxived  by  the  befieged,  five  of  the  braveft  men» 
gomgdown  4>y  a  rope  tied  to  their  widft,  the  ends  of  which 
were  fadd  by  others  on  the  wall,  ran  fword  in  hand  aponthe 
%pers;  iuBt  the  Tatar Sf  "who  had  orders  to  fappprt  them» 
iallied  out  of  their  tents,  and  flew  them  with  meir  arrows. 
After  the  dead  bodies  were  drawn  up,  no  foldier  wonld  ventnre 
to  (hew  1»8  head.  Upon  this,  Tlmiir  wrote  a  letter  to  the  " 
tiro  generals,  exhorting  them  to  fave  their  lives,  and  furrcn- 
4er,  This  tbey  did,  upon  a  refielHon  on  their  drcumftances  ; 
and,  being  put  in  irons,  with  odier  chiefs,  and  looo  foldierSt 
TMr  lent  one  of  them  to  acquaint  the  king  of  Egypt  vAdi 
their  condition ;  and  that  he  muft  fortiiwith  fend  Jttlmijb  to 
Urn,  if  he  would  prcferve  thdr  Hvcs. 

Thers  were  in  this  dty  treafures  of  an  infinite  value,  con-  Hama  n^ 
lifting  of  that  laid  up  l^  fevcral  kings ;  and  the  riches  carried  ^^f^^* 
in  by  the  citizens,  in  hopes  of  faving  them.    Part  was  diftri- 
bot^  among  the  folcfiers ;  and  the  reft  lefk  in  charge  with 
dght  ^nfrs,  who  were  appointed  to  govern  this  ftrong  place. 
l^hen,  after  fifteen  days  ftay,   he  marched,  to  continue  his 
conquefts  in  Syria.     J&e   had    fcnt  before  th6  Mirzas  Pir 
Mehemed  and  JbAbekr  as  fcouts  towards  Harm  (F);    the 
town  rf  which  they  took,  but  could  not  reduce  the  caftle : 
yet,  en  the  appearance  of  the  innumerable  troops  which  TitrUir 
tMTOUght,  the  garrifon  begged  quarter;  which  was  granted, 
but  the  fpoil  was  given  to  the  fcouts.    The  emperor  ftald  here 
twenty-two  days  :  during  which  tipie  tiie  amirs  made  another 
attempt  to  induce  him  to  ftop  here ;  reprefenting,  that,  for 
two  3^cars,  they,  had  been  continually  on  the  march,  or  in 
batde ;  and  that  the  enemy*s  troops  were  in  much  better  con- 
dition ttetn  theirs.   They  therefore  defired  that  they  might  go 
and  rcpofe  themfelves  at  Tripo/iy  on  the  fea-coaft ;  fo  that,  at 
the  beginning  of  (pring,  they  might  march  with  vigour  againft         ' 
the  Syrians, 

But  Ttmir  would  not  hearken  to  their  reafons ;  alledglng,  Utmtjuri 
that  they  ought  not  to  give  the  enemy  any  time  to  recover  rendmd. 
themfelves.  Hereupon  he  ordered  them  to  march  towards 
Hems  (or  Emeffa) :  and,  as  a  great  amir  was  fent  before  for  a 
fcout,  he  prevailed  upon  the  inhabitants  to  fubmit,  on  promife 
Itoth  of  their  lives  and  efFefts.  Accordingly  the  principal  men 
went  ont,  loaden  with  prefents,  to  meet  Ttm{ir ;  and  received 
ius  protcftiou.     The  emperor  then  continued  his  road  towards 

(F)  A  eityof^^'rmj.ofwhkh    JMtl/eda  v/as  prtncc.  La  Crn'x^ 
he  ^pogFSLfhex  (or  hiilprian)    It  is  (he  ancient  Bfifhania. 

fidalbeks 

Digitized  by  VjVjOQIC 


Hijiory  of  the  Mo^  and  Tatars.      B.  VI. 

Bialbek  s  and,  in  the  way,  detached  troops  to  pillage  the  coaft 
of  Said  (or  Sidon)  and  Bardt.     When  the  army  came  before 
^  B4albek,  they  admired  the  beauty  of  its  walls.    Among  the 
ftones,   which  are  of  a  prodigious  fize,   there  is .  one  at  the 
corner  of  the  caftle,  facing  the  gardens,  wbioh  is  twcnty-ei^ 
cubits  long,  fixteen  broad,  and  ieven  high.     Its  buildings  are 
very  lofty  ;  and  it  is  believed  to  have  b^n  raifed  by  dsemons 
and  genii,  at  the  command  of  Solomon,  who  had  an  abfcdute 
power  over  them«     For  all  this,  it,  was  quickly  reduced  by 
the  JagataySy  who  found  abundance  of  provifions.     After 
which,  they  marched  towards  DamafiuSy  which  is  feventy 
leagues  diflant;  from  HMep,  through  fnpw  and  rain,  it  bdi^ 
the  third  of  January ;  and,  having  made  one  day's  journey, 
Timur  halted  to  vifit  the  tomb  o£  the  prophet  Noai  **. 
Jttempt  of     Mean  time  Farruj,  foltan  of  Egypt,  to  whom  Syria  belong- 
g^jjim.    ed,  raifed  a  great  army,  chiefly  of  cavalry,  which  were  the 
beft  in  the  world;  and  came  to  Damafkusj  which  he  put  in  a 
good  pofture  of  defence.     But,  relying  more  on  policy  than 
flrength,  he  fent  to  Timur  an  eloquent  villain,  in  quality  of  am- 
baflador ;  who,  the  better  to  cover  his  intentions,  put  on  a 
religious  habit.     He  was  accompanied  by  two  aflaffios,  who 
had  orders  to  murder  the  emperor  during  the  aipbaflador's 
audience.    When  Timur  drew  near  Damq/his,  thofe  viUaias 
joined  the  court,  and  were  admitted  to  pay  their  compliments. 
They  had  thus  feveral  favourable. opportunities :  but,  the  em- 
peror being  protefted  by  Heaven,  they  could  not  exectitetheir 
defigns.     However,  K(^a  Jllajfa^d  Semnani,  one  of  the  great 
fecretaries  of  the  council,  fufpefted,  by  their  behaviour,  that 
tjiey  had  fome  evil  intention.     This  being  related,  by  a  third 
perfon,  to  Tim4r,  he  ordered  them  to  be  fearched ;  and  poi- 
foned  daggers  were  found  in  their  boots.     The  chief  of  the 
villains,  perceiving  their  plot  difcovered,  confefled  the  truth ; 
and  was,  by  the  emperor's  order,  flain .with  the  fanse  dagger 
•    which  was  found  about  him,  and  his  body  burnt.     The  two 
aflaifins  had  their  nofe  and  ears  cut  off,  with  defign  to  fead 
them,  in  that  condition,  with  a  letter  to  the  foltaa  of  Egypt. 
Farruj  TIMUR,  being  arrived  at  Kobbey  Sey&r,  ordered  Sbadmh 

feigns  fuh'  and  the  other  prisoners,  brought  from  Hahp,  to  be  put  to 
mijjion.      death,  farther  to  be  revenged  on  Farruj.     The  fame  night 
there  happened  an  affair  as  ridiculous  as  extraordinary :  The 
Mirza  Solthn  Hujfayn,  after  a  debauch,  was  excited  by  fome 
feditious  perfons  to  revolt  againft  his  grandfather  (G).    Ac- 

**  Hift.  Tiin,  Bck,  p.  i72-*-i8i.  c.  21 — 24. 

.  (G)  According  to  Arahjhah,    to  ice  hire  with  his  army  in  fo 
he  quitted  T//ui^,  being  aihamed    mi^srable.a  conditio  a. 

cordingly 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ  It 


C.  5.        •        ^he  Reign  of  Timiir  Bek. 

cordmgly  he  went  to  Damajkus,  and  lifted  himfelf  In  the  ^^- 
rian  fervice.  This  adventure  gave  the  enemy  much  joy  5  and 
Farrujy  in  policy,  treated  him  Svith  all  poffible  refpeft.  Next ' 
day  the  army  went  an^  encamped  towards  the  fouth  fide  of 
the  city  5  building  a  wall,  the  height  of  a  man,  about  the 
camp,  and  digging  a  trench  round  the  wall.  Two  days  after, 
Tmur  fent  a  letter  to  the  foltan,  to  demand  AtUmtJh ;  and 
offer  peace,  on  condition  that  he  caufed  money  to  be  coined 
in  the  emperor's  name,  and  his  name  to  be  read  in  the  public 
prayers.  The  ambaflador  was  received  with  great  honour  ; 
and,  being  difmifled,  was  followed  by  feveral  lords,  who,  from 
Farruj,  promifed' obedience  to  Ttrmir^  and  to  fend  Atilmljb  to 
his  court  wthin  five  days, 

TIMURy  b^elieving  thefe  lords  to  be  fincere,  received  them  Attacksthe 
kindly,  and  prefented  them  with  vcfts ;  but  he  was  foon  unde-  Jagatays, 
ceivcd :  for,  fome  days  after,  having  ordered  his  army  to  re- 
move their  camp  to  Gauta  (H),  that  the  horfes  might  feed  in 
that  delicious  place  :  they  had  no  fooner  begun  to  move,  than 
the  whole  army  of  Syria  fallied  out  of  Damajkiis,  imagining 
that  this  march  eaftward  proceeded  from  weaknefs,  and  an  in- 
tention to  fly.  They  thought  likewife,  that  fo  numerous  an 
army  could  not  decamp  without  falling  into  fome  diforder  ; 
and  that,  if  they  took  the  opportunity  to  attack  their  rear,  they 
could  not  fail  of  defeating  them.  With  thefe  hop^s,  the  fol- 
dlers,  ifluing  forth,  and  joined  by  prodigious  numbers  of  the 
populace, '  armed  with  fwords,  flicks,  or  ftones,  fell  on  the 
rear  of  the  Tatars;  who  thereupon,  facing  about,  fecured 
their  front  with  the  bales  of  baggage.  When  the  whole  army 
were  come  together,  and  ranged  in  order,  Timur  fent  to  the 
Mirzas  Mirdn  Shdhy  Shdh  Mkh,  arid  Abubekr,  who  commanded 
the  right  wing,  to  attack  the  enemy  on  one  fide,  while  th^ 
amirs  ci  the  left  wing  prefled  them  on  the  other.  As  the 
two  wings,  backed  by  the  main  body,  fell  furioufly  on  th^ 
Syrians f  they  were  defeated,  after  an  obftinate  battle,  and  re- 
pulfed  to  the  gates  oVDamaJkus  ;  after  having  above  half  their 
Ibldiers  (lain,  and  a  great  part  difperfed :  who;  being  purfued, 
were  for  the  moft  part  cut  off*. 

This  fignal  viftbry  was  gained  January  19th,  1400,    Dm^  Defeated, 
ling  the  heat  of  the  battle,  one  of  Shdh  RM's  officers  fell  in  and  flies ^ 
with  the  Mirza  Solt&n  Hujfayriy  who  commanded  the  Syrians 
left  -wing ;  and,  having  feized  his  horfe's  bridle,  brought  him 

«  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  p.  181— 189.  c.  24—25. 

(H)   A  great  plain  to  the  eaft     vers  watering  that  city  fall  in  an- 
©f  Damajkusi  where  there  is  a     uniced  (l^eaip, 
ycry  large  lake  i  into  which  the  ri- 

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mjiiirj  af  the  Moguls  on^  Tatars.        RVT. 

to  his  maftePy  who  gave  advice  of  it  to  ThnAr.  This  prinfic 
ordered  him  to  be  put  In  prifon,  loaded  with  chains :  but  he 
'  was  fbon  after  delivered,  through  the  interceffion  erf"  Shib 
Rukhi  yet  not  till  he  had  received  the  baftonadc^  according  to 
the  yafa;  and,  befides  the  reproaches%e  met  with,  was  never 
after  fuflcrM  to  enter  the  emperor's  hall.  Next  day  Tinmr 
ordered  the  army  to  march  towards  the  city  in  order  of  batde, 
with  the  elephants  at  their  head,  to  ftrike  farther  terror  into 
die  inhabitants :  and  it  is  remarkable,  that,  from  the  end  of 
the  right  wing  to  the  extremity  of  the  left,  it  took  up  bctwcco 
ihree  and  four  leagues  of  ground.  The  foltin,  on  this^  h^ 
a  council ;  wherein  it  being  agreed  for  hiin  to  return  to  JSgypt^ 
'andieave  the  foldiers  to  defend  the  city,  with  the  inhabitant!^ 
he  fent  an  ambaflador  to  excufe  what  happened  the  jday^  be« 
fot^,  as  a  poplilar  fedltion ;  and  promifed,  that,  if  ^s  h^^ 
nefs  would  grant  a  ceflation  of  arms  for  the  prdTent  day  only, 
lie  would  next  morning  execute  whatev^  he  fhould  com- 
band.- 
Damafkus  THfe  emperor,  on  this  mefTage;,  ordered  his  army  to  returo^ 
hipipd^  ^nd  encamp  a  fecond  time :  but,  when  night  came^  Fam^j 
accompanied  by  the  principal  fords  of  his  court,  departed  from 
Damajkus.  This  flight  being  difcovcred  by  a  Tatar  deferttr, 
^imi^r  fent  after  him  a  great  body  of  horie ;  who  overtook 
thd .  foltan,  flew  feveral  of  his  men,  and  ob%ed  the  reft  to 
abandon  their  equipage  to  fly  the  fwifter.  Next  day  he  or- 
dered the  city  to  be  invefted  by  his  whole  army*  This  fo 
tefrifled  the  inhabitants,  that  the  fl:iarifs,  kadi's,  and  other  fliea 
of  the  law,  opened  the  gates ;  and,  going  to  the  camp,  agreed 
to  pay  a  tax  to  fave  their  lives.  The  city  being  thus  yieldec^ 
Ihey  invefted  the  caftle,  which  was  one  of  the  moft  noted  f<Mt- 
fefles  in  the  world.  Its  walls,  confifting  of  great  pieces  of  rock^ 
veiy  high,  ind  regularly  built,  were  encompafled  with  a  ditch 
withgreat  about  twenty  cubits  wide.  The  foldiers  having  raifed  three 
wigour.^  platforms  high  enough  to  command  the  city^.'  the  battering- 
'  rams,  and  engines  to  caft  ftonesand  wild-fire,  began  to  play: 
while  the  fappers,  after  the  ditch  was  drained,  fell  to  under- 
ft^ning  the  walls  on  every  fide,  notwithftanding  the  great  ftones 
and  wild-fire  fhowered  dpwn  on  them  by  the  befi^d.  They 
heated  great  pieces  of  the  rock,  by  putting  fire  underneath,  and 
cafting  vinegar  thereon  :  and  then,  with  their  hammers,  broke 
them  out ;  placing  wooden  props,  to  keep  the  reft.from  fail- 
ing on  them.  When  they  had  done  fapping  the  baiHon  of 
Tarma,  which  was  brgeft  of  all,  fire  was  fet  to  <he  ftiorings ; 
when  prefently  this  high  and  famous  tower  fell,  arid  made  a 
▼afl:  breach  by  its  fall :  but,  as  the  foldiers  ran  to  enter  this 
breach,  on  a  fudden  another  part  of  the  wajl  fell ;  which,  crufh- 

ing 

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Q.  5..  the  ReigH  of  Timflr  Bek;  j3  j 

ii^  fourfcorc  of  them  ta  pfeces,  fo  damped  the  ardour  of  the    A.  D. 
re^  that  they  would  advance  no  farther.  14^*^^^ 

Thb  b^fieged,  taking  advantage  of  this  refpite,  dofed  up  ^— *sr*^ 
the  bfjBach,  and  fortified  themfelves  behind  it ;  but,  great  part  ^^M- 
qf  the  caftle  fellmg  foon  after,  they  loft  alLhopes:  fo  that.'"'*^'^'''^- 
Tezddr,  the  governor  caufed  the  gate  to  be  opened,  and  car* 
ried  thekjsy-s  Mmfelf  to  Timur ;  who  ordered  him  to  be  put 
tp  death,  for  having  deferred  fuirenderii^  too  long.    They, 
found  in  the  caftle  abundance  of  riches^    The  garrifon,  cqn- 
fifting  moftly  of  Cherkaffians^  Hahahans,  Zenji^    and  Manf 
Mis,  were  all  made  flaves  ;  fo  were  the  cituens.     Timtir,  ob- 
ferving  with  indignation,  that,  while  Damajkus,  abounded  with 
fin^  edifices,  the  xorob%  q£  Omma  Selma  and  Omma  Habtba  were 
n^ieftedy  ordered  two  magnificent  marble  domes  to  be  built 
oyet*  them,  adcxned  with  feveral  works  in  fculpture.    He  like- 
yin£c  caufed  gold  and  filver  to  &e  coined  in  place  of  the  Sy^ 
rum  money,  which  was  coarfe ;  and  fent  troops  to  ravage  the  . 
fea-coaft  about  the  city  of  Jkkia '  (or  Mia). 

During  thefe  tr^aAions,  Timir  was  attacked  vnth  vin  Dreai(fu/ 
Impofthume'in  his  back,  which  was  very  grievous  for  the  time,  maffacr** 
but  foon  went  off.    After  this,  aflemblSg  his  privy-council^ 
he  t(dd  them,  "  He  had  heard  that  the  Syrians  ^  encouraged 
**  the  Omndyan  khallfahs  in  all  the  cruelties  they  exercifed 
^*  againflr.  Jli^  in  the  wars  whidi  they  carried  on  againft  him  ; 
*^  and  could  not  concdve  how  a  nation  fliould  be  thought  to  be 
**  of  the  feft  of  a  proptet,  which  united  "^^th  the  moft  cruel 
*^  enemies  of  his  family.  He  added,  that  fo  rigorous  a  punifh** 
"  ment,  as  had  then  fallen  on  them,  was  a  proof  that  the 
**  fkid  tradition  was  mie."    This  refleftion  of  Tmdr^  being 
communicated  to  others,  fo  wrought  on  the  minds  of  the  fol- 
dicry,  that,  March  aSth^  1401,  they  broke  into  thecity  with-  Hej.  803^ 
outCH-ders,  and  made  a  terrible  flaughter;  enflaved  the  reft     A.  b. 
of  the  inhabitants,  and  feized  thdr  efFefts  (I).     The  riches     i^u 
were  fo  great,  that  the  beafts  they  had  taken  between  S'mas. 
ind  Dama/kus  not  being  fuffident  to  carry  them  off,  they  were 
obliged  to  fling  away  great  part,  fuch  as  gold  and  filver  bro- 
ades,   curious  belts  oi  Egypt y  Cyprus^  and  the  like. 

As  the  two  upper  ftories  of  the  houfes  of  JOamaJkus  are  of 
vood^  the  loweft  being  of  ftpne ;  and  moft  o^  the  cielings, 
iS  weU  as  walls,  are  vamiflied,  next  day  the  city  took  fiii.by; 

'  Hift.Tlm.  Bck,.p.  189—198.  c^  25— 27, 

(I)  jfrah/hdh  inVeighs  againft    count,  he  feems  to  have  b^c« 
'im^r  for  the  havock  made  at    the  .caufe;  of  it« 
"^ami^kus  i   and,  from  this  ae- 

it€cident|. 


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jogle 


7he  city 
burnt* 


Turk- 
mans 
/foiled. 


Ham  ah 
filiaged. 


Bir  and 

Koha 

yield. 


Hiftory  of  the  Moguls  and  Tatars;      B.  Vt 

accident^  and  burnt  down  ;  nor  was  it  poffible  tb  quench  it^ 
Befides  the  wooden  roof  of  the  famous  Ommtyan  moik,  co« 
vered  with  lead,  the  eaftcrn  menaret,  built  of  ftone,  was  re- 
duced to  aihes :  yet  that  of  jirus,  named  alfo  Munar  Beyza^ 
on  which  the  Mufulmans  believe  Ifa^  or  Jefus^  will  defcaid  to 
judge  the  world,  though  made  of  wood,  remained  intire. 
After  this,  Titnur^  refolving  to  return  out  of  Syria,  ordered 
all  the  flaves  taken  in  that  country,  as  well  as  Damajkus,  to 
be  fet  at  liberty.  He  then  fet  forward,  the  31ft  of  March; 
and  fent  for  the  Mirza  Mehemed  Soltdn  from  the  fronde)^  of 
Mogulefldn,  to  inveft  him  with  the  empire  of  Htddk^y  which  he 
deferved  for  his  merit.  When  he  arrived  at  HemSy  he  font 
the  Mirzas  Ruftem  and  Ahuhekry  with  10,000  horfe,  to  the 
city  of  Tadmtr  (or  Tadmor)^  built  by  Salomon,  the  houies  of 
which  are  of  free-ftone,  to  jnllage  the  fubjefts  of  Zuikaider, 
who  were  in  its  neighbourhood.  The  Mirza  Solt&n  Hujfayn^ 
at  the  head  of  5000  horfe,  marched ,  to  Antiokh  s  and  the 
Mirza  Kaltl  Soltdn,  with  1 5,000  horfe,  was  detached  againft 
the  Turkmdns  of  Kubek,  who  were  encamped  on  the  Eu" 
fhrates. 

The  firft  party,  having  made  the  ZulkMerians  fly  into 
Arabia,  and  brought  away  200,000  ftieep,  went  on  to  the 
Euphrates.  The  fecond  party  pillaged  the  city  and  country 
of  Antidkh;  znd  then,  joining  the  third  at  ffdlep,  marched 
towards  KalutoyrUm,  and  the  Euphrates.  Here,  meeting  the 
Turkmans,  they  were  vigoroufly  attacked  :  but  the  Sheykb 
Hujfayn,  fon  of  Kubek,  their  leader,  being  flain,  his  brothers 
fled  with  the  reft  of  thofe  people,  who  left  a  great  prey  of 
cattle:  fo  that,  with  what  the  other  foldicrs  had  gotten,  they 
reckoned  800,000  fheep,  which  fold  for  a  dinar  apiece,  and 
were  obliged  to  leave  the  other  animals  behind.  Mean  whilff 
Timur  proceeded  on  his  way.  When  he  came  to  Hamah,  he 
ordered  the  town  to  be  pillaged,  the  houfes  plundered,  and  the 
inhabitants  made  flaves ;  to  punifti  them  for  deftroying  the 
edifices  which  the  Jagatays  had  built  at  their  firft  arrival* 
The  walls  likewife  of  the  ciaftle  of  Hdlep  were  razed,  and  the 
houfes  burnt,  by  the  amirs,  who  then  joined  the  imperial 
army,  which  in  four  days  marched  to  the  Euphrates,  where 
the  other  detachments  met  them.  As  the  Mirza  Sdtdn  Huf^ 
fayn  performed  feveral  brave  aftions  in  his  expedition,  he 
obtained  pardon  for  his  former  feult,  and  was  received  into 
favour. 

The  army  crofted  the  river,  by  fwimming,  over-againft  the 
city  of  Btr ;  from  whence  two  boats  were  fent  to  carry  over 
the  baggage  of  the  emperor,  who  confinned  the  goverBor  in 

his 


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C.  5.  ^be  Reign  of  TimCir  Bek; 

his  poft.  Here  Kara  Ozm&n^  governor  of  Malatiya,  arrived 
alfo,  and  was  handfomely  received.  After  Timtir's  departure 
from  hence,  he  had  a  mind  to  hunt  in  Me/opotamia :  hereupon  a  ' 
circle  was  made  by  the  two  wings,  five  days  journey  in  circuit, 
of  which  the  fountain  of  Rdfo*l  Ayn  (K)  was  the  centre ;  where  • 
they  found  fuch  abundance  of  game,  that  they  took  them  with 
their  hands.  The  hunt  concluded  with  a  feaft ;  in  which  they 
ate  of  antelopes  and  roebucks,  whofe  flefh  is  very  tender,  and 
the  beft  of  all  the  animals  of  the  defart.  In  their  paflage,  the 
inhabitants  of  Roha^  or  Orfa^  came  out  with  prefents,  and  were 
kindly  treated :  but  a  caftle  beyond  it  was  razed ;  and  the 
Armenian  robbers,  Nvho  held  it,  cut  to  pieces*  The  army  Mardin 
then  advanced  to  Mardin  ;  whither  the  foltans  of  Hufni  re'velts. 
Keyfa  (L)  and  Jrzina,  and  other  lords  in  thofe  quartere, 
came  to  faJute  the  emperor :  only  the  foltan  of  Mardin^  who  • 
had  been  fct  at  liberty  and  reftored  by  Tmtir,  not  having 
followed  the  army  into  Syria  with  his  troops,  or  fent  any  of 
his  brothers  on  that  duty,  dared  not  come  to  meet  his  high- 
nefe.  Timur,  however,  kindly  afked  after  him,  and  fent  for 
him  in  very  obliging  terms  :  but  he  refufed,  confiding  in  the 
ftrength  of  the  place.  And,  as  the  emperor  was  fenfible  it 
would  require  a  long  fiege  to  reduce  it  (M),  he  was  contented 
to  ruin  and  burn  all  the  houfes  of  the  lower  town ;  at  the 
fame  time  ordering  Kara  Ozmdn  to  block  up  the  fortrefs  fo 
clofely,  that  not  a  man  might^efcape  g.  > 

TIMURy  having  fent  the  Amir  Allahd&d  to  take  care  of  the  Alenjik 
frontiers  of  Jetah^  departed  from  Mardin.     After  which,  he  reduced* 
detached  the  Mirzas  Soltdn  HuJfayUy   Pir  Mehemed^    Omar 
Sheykhy  and  Abubekr,  with  a  great  body  of  the  army,  to  Alen* 
jik ;    with  orders,  after  taking  that  fortrefs,   to  march  into 
Georgia :  but  as  they  had  heard  at  Fdn,  that  Alenjik^  after  Georgia 
two  years  fiege,  had  been  forced  by  famine  to  furrender,  they  in'waded. 
turned  off  towards  the  right  for  Georgia ;  and  made  fuch 
hafte,  that  they  furprifed  the  inhabitants,  and  ravaged  their 
country.    Hereupon  Malek  GiUrghtn  fent  to  acquaint  the  mtrzas, 
that  he  was  furprifed  dt  this  invafion,  feeing  he  was  one  of  the 

«   HifL  Tim.  Bek,  p.  198—208.  c.  27—30. 

(K)  From  hence  fprings  the  fhould  be  i!f^7/«  or  H^  i^,  that 

river  Al  Khabur,  which  falls  into  is,  the  caftle  of  Keyf. 
X\it  Euphrates  2X  Karkifia:  (M)  Arahfhdh  fays,  that  77- 

(L)   Corruptly   called  Uafan  w^r  could  not  take  the  caftle  of 

Kuf%  a  city  on  the  Tigris^  be-  Mardin^  becaufe  fituated  on  an 

tween    Amed  and   M^el.      La  inacceffible  rock,  large  enoueh 

Ov/;r.— *'Tisalfo,  by  travellers,  to  contain  much  plowed  lands, 

-^Viritten  A/an  Kief  ind  Chief:  it  with  feveral  fprings  of  water. 

emperor's 

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emperor's  moft  faithful  fervants;  and  that,  a$  (ooir  ar  YSt 
hig^efs  (hoold  come  into  thofe  parts,  he  v^onld  not  £til  ttr 
'  pay  obedience  to  him«    Upon  tllis»  the  mirzas  cesUed  ravag^ 
his  country ;  and  fent  to  know  if  Thnir  would  grant  that 
king  -quarter,  waiting  at  MenMl  the  return  of  the  courier. 
Baghdad        At  the  fame  time  die  Solfan  MahniAd  KhAn  and  the  Iffijrsr 
bifieged.     Mftrnn^  with  feveral  amirs  at  the  head  of  their  tomins,  ac^ 
cording  to  orders,  fet  out  for  MghdM.  Where,  as  (bon  as  thef 
tfrri?od,  Farrujf  of  the- JWfyr  tribe  of  MungU^  who  was  go* 
vemor,    fupported  by  vaft-  multitudes  of  Turks  and  Jr^^ 
(allied  out,  being  joined  by  feveral  princes  and  amtrs  of  iHtt 
jirabi :  from  the  «ift,  came  the  amfrs  Alt  Kal&ndef^  of  Men* 
deli,  and  Jin  Ahmed  Baki\  from  the  weft,  Farrukjbdb^  dP 
HUlehf  or  Hella^  and  Mtkatl,  of  Sib,  with  3000  men.     Thr 
Mirzta  Riftem  immediately  took  horfe,  with  his  troops ;  anx^ 
furrounding  the  enemy,  repulfed  them  as  far  as^  the  Ttpix^ 
where  a  bloody  battle  enfoed.     Jiin  Ahmed  was  flain,  with 
many  of  the  bravcft  foldiers ;  and  others  drowned  in  thcri- 
ver.     For  all  thfa  defeat,  Farrtj  would  not  furrcndcr;  pre- 
tending that  Soltan  Ahmed  ordered  him  to  deliver  tip  the  dty 
to  Tiwi^r,  if  he  came  in  perfon,  but  not  clfe.    Of  this  thie 
amirs  f(tot  advice  to  the  emperor ;  who,  after  die  fubnuffion  of 
Nifihtn^  having  pafled  the  Tigris  at  Mufely  in  his  way  to 
'Tauris,  immediately  fet  out  for  Bdghdid,  accompanied  by  the 
bravcft  men  in  his  army,  by  vnj  oi  Altun  Kupruk  (N).    As 
foon  as  he  arrived  at  that  city,  he  encamped  at  the  lower  part 
of  the  river,  oppofite  to  the  gate  called  Kariet  Ulakah  ;  and 
hb  troops,  furrounding  the  walls^  dio'  two  leagues  in  compafs^ 
began  to  fap  them. 
Its  vigor-     Mean  time  Far ruj,  dcfirous  to  know  if  Tlm/lr  was  conie^ 
CMS  dt-      fent  to  him,  as  an  ambaflador^  one  who  knew  him ;  who  was 
fime.        admitted  to  audience,  and  honoured  with  a  veft :  butaltho* 
this  perfon  was, a  confidant  of  the  governor,  yet,  at  his  returui 
he  imprifoned  him,  under  pretence  that  he  told  what  was  not 
faft.    On  the  other  hand,  Timur  caufed  a  bridge  of  boats  tor 
balaid  acrofs  the  Tigris^  below  Kiriet  Vlakah  ;  and  took  all 
neceifary  precautions  to  block  up  all  the  paf&ges  i^di  his 
troops  :  in  ffiort,  it  was  fo  inclofed  on  all  fides,  that,  altho' 
the  river  nm  thro*  the  middle  of  it,  and  was  covered  with  boats^ 
yet  it  was  impolEble  for  any  body  to  get  out.    In  the  interioiy 
Farruj^  and  the  inhabitants,  thro'  defpair,  rather  than  bravery^ 
performed  anions  which  almoft  exceeded  human  power  :  fcr^ 
as,  fooa  as  the  Tatars  made  a  breach  by  (apping,  the  befi^gMl 

(N^A  bridge  on  the  xiUiAitunSu  (or  water  of  gold),  BCflf 

Immediately' 

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Jro^^jaWy  tapair^  it  wi^  morter  ^  hricl^  ami  eatrencW    4*  !>• 
ttmaf^yn^  behM.     Th?  heat  was  oow  fo  violejot,  tJut  the    i^Oh 
bk«U  tirll  4owQ  dfad>  ^a4  the  foidieri  melted  lUce  w^  UDcler 
tfadir  Gqira(fe6  t  for  all  this,  they  I'aifed  a  pla^orin  which  eom- 
dyuaded  th^  cHy,  from  w^eQ€e  thjey  iaceflantly  call  ftoQiss  wltK 

Tub  9mki  W  ofun  hogged  to  make  a  geQer4a0aUlti  T'^^f^i^^ 
but  ThtAr  would  0Ot  giveljeaY^,  iq  hope^  the  eaemy  wpulji  ajim/tk 
a^^t  i  but,  at  tha  ^od  of  forty  days,  <^n  the  23d  of  Jufy^  *   < 

1ir|;NEa  the  ioM>ftant8  wi^re  forced*  by  the  heat  of  the  fun.  to 
gfwt  tlirwtllsy  aad  retke  to  their  houfes^  leaving  their  W- 
iAQts  irtaffed  qo  ftic^s  iqi  their  places,  the  army  adva^iced  fju- 
ctpH^y  to  ithe  'walls^  aodi  bayipg  iixed  their  fcaling-ladders^ 
<ie  jAinfr  ^**?yW  ff^ro'ddtn  mouuted  fjrft ;  then,  foundjM  th^ 
drums  end  trumpets,  all  the  commanders  followed^  and  the 
{roo^  entered  fword  In  hand.  The  inhabitant^,  endeavour-^ 
ii^  in  TjUQ  t0  fly  from  the  place  to  avoid  the  fword,  xait 
ttonfelvips  into  the  Tigris.  Several  got  into  boats  f  and 
.Olbfsrp  fwwd,  to  defcend  the  river :  hut  Were  no  foon^i^r 
caose  'to  the  bridge,  than  tliey  were  fhot  by  foldiers  placed  in 
e8d>Qih.  Howei^cr,  Farruj  found  means  to  efcape  by  water, 
irith  liie  dai^hlcr  i  but,  being  clofely  puriued,  and  hot  abk 
fkfcsr  tQ  (k&nd  himfelf,  or  get  off,  caA  himfelf,  with  his  d^gh'* 
ter,  jolio  Ifce  dver,  wh^ re  ^cy  were  both  drowned,  and  the 
hofixikvi^  AfifTwards  Jb^  body  was  taken  up,  and  thrown 
OQ  «he  bafdc  ^ 

As  fereril  TJrfiW  had  been  flain  In  the  aflault,  each  ibidier  Sdrh/trOui 
^Ka5  onfared  to  l»"ing  one  (O)  head  of  the  men  of  B&ghdMy  maffofre*. 
in  executing  which  command,  they  fpared  neither  old  men  of 
fettrA»re,  nor  cbiidren  of  fight  years  old :   the  number  of 
dbe  dead  was  fo  great,  that  the  officers  could  not  count  them ; 
and  of  their  heads  they  made  towers.    Altho'  no  quarter  wad 
given  to  either  rich  or  poor,  yet  fome  leam^  men  found 
meaois  to^t  accefs  to  Ti^ri  who  pardoned  them^  gave  them 
refts,  end  a  convoy  to  places  of  fafety.     After  this,  the  mar-  Baghdad 
ketSy  l(arawaa&mys,  monafteries,  palaces,  and  all  other  build*  defiroytdi 
inga,  utere  razed,   excepting  moiks,  colleges,    and  hofpitals. 
Thae  w  beajmir^  infefted  with  the  ftench  of  the  dead  bodie?, 
the  camp  was  removed  to  the  upper  part  of  the  river^  neai* 

*  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  p:  ^8^215*  c.  30—31. 

(  O  )    Arahfidh  fays,  two  %  of  the  heads,  piled  tip  together 

ind  that  90,000  were  (lain  in  ift*  towers^   to  «he  utimbisr  of 

::o!d  blood.    Th^y  flung  awiy  t  id. 
jie  bodies ;  and  xnade  trophies 

Moi5.Hi<T-Vot*V,  T  ife# 

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Hiftory  of  the  Moguls  and  Tatars.^      B.  VI. 

the  tomb  of  the  great  imam  JM  Hanifahy  chief  of  the  foor 
orthodox  fefts  among  the  Mohammedans^  whofe  interceflioii 
'  TimUr  implored.  From  this  place  he  ordered  Soltan  MahmM 
Khdn  and  the  Mirza  Kalil  Soltdn  to  make  inroads  in  the  neigh- 
bouring places.  They  accordingly  paflcd  by  tiilleh^  as  far  as 
MaJbhU  Nejef  (P) ;  and  thence  to  W&fet  (on  the  Tigris), 
"■  They  ravaged  the  two  cities  :  but  paid  their  devotions  at  the 

holy  place  of  Majbhdd,  inftead  of  attacking  it. 
TbiKurds      TIM  IT  R  took  the  road  to  Shebrez^r  and  Kalgii,    Icav- 
funijhed.     jng  the  main  body  to  come  after  with  the  baggage.     As,  « 
this  march,  the  K^rds  attacked  all  who  feparated  themfdves, 
'  tho*  at  ever  fo  fmall  a  diftance,  from  the  army,  the  emperor 
placed  foldiers  in  ambufli round  the  roads;  who,  fallyingont 
as  foon  as  thofe  robbers  appeared,  feizedj  and  banged  them  or 
'  the  chefnut-trees  which  gi-cw  in  the  highways  (Q^)*  At  the  ri- 
ver jfagai^,  the  emprefs  Sa^ay  Mtdk  Khanim^  and  other  wives  of 
the  mirzas,  with  their  children,  met  his  highnefs ;  and  at  Jk' 
ziaret  the  fharifs,  doftors,  and  principal  lords,  of  IrSn^  came 
to  wait  on  him*     During  his  ftay  at  this  place,  he  invited  the 
learned  to  difpute  on  points  of  religion.     When  he  had  pa&d 
•by  Ujun  ^R),  and  was  encamped  at  Hejbt  RMd^  or  The  eight 
rivers,  he  received  advice  that  Bdyeztd,  who,  during  his  fby 
in  Syria,  had  taken  Jrzenjdn  from  Tahdrten,  was  marching 
'  towards  the  eaft.     Hereupon  Timir  ordered  the  troops  wl» 
were  at  MenhU  in  Georgia  to  join  the  Mirza  ShM  RM  at 
.4vfntk  (or  Vdn)y  and  oppofe  the  OthmAns.    .Bpt  a  meflenger 
arriving  from  TahArfen,  with  advice  that  BAyezid'dcfired  peace, 
and  would  make  him  fatisfaftion,  the  mirza  fent  notice  to  court, 
.  and  ftaid  for  an  anfwer. 
J  fairs  of   'Me  AN  time  Ttmur,  being  arrived  at  TauriSy  a  few  days  after 
Georgia,  niarched  towards  Georgia  ;  and,  when  he  came  to  Kofst-tipOy 
ordered  the  Kojd  Jfmael  Kavafe  to  be  hanged  before  the  market* 
place  of  the  camp,  for  the  tyrannies  he  nad  exercifed  over  the 
people.     He  afterwards  cfofTed  the  Jras,  and  encamped  it 
NakhJbivAn ;  from  whence  he  went  to  fee  the  caftle  of  Akn* 
*     •    •    ^j^ky  which  is  near  that  city.     About  this  timt  Tah^ten  ar- 

•  rived  at  court  with  a  letter  from  BAyeztd ;  and,  by  his  inter* 
ce/fion,  obtained  pardon  foi  the  Othmdn.     Here  being  joioec 

(?)    The   fame    as  Majhlad  Croix  believes  he   miftook  tli4 

llujjayn,  in  the  plain  of  Kerbela,  Oak 3%  which  have  that  proprrt/i 

near  t\it  Euphrates,  often  men-  for  chefnut  trees;  which,  he  fay 5| 

•  tioned  before.  ar«  ;very  uncommon  in  Sjri^u 

(Q^ )  The  author  was  inform  (RJ  A  town  o^  Axerbejdn,  ncani 

ed  by  credible  perfons,  that  thcfe    Tauris,  La  Ooix. — Hirhcrt  caDi 
trees  one  year  produce  chefnuts,  .  it  0;W. 
and  the  next  gall  nuts :  but  La 


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1 


^by  Sbdh  Rikh^  an,d,  the  other.  mirMfi,  rwith  .their  troops,  'the 
army  marched  to  the  defile  of.  Shdhbuz^  atid :  ^entered  thi 
mountains..  From,  th€;nce  they  .pafTecl  by  Gheuhieyjtonhez  to  ' 
Uemkiir^  a  town  of  Georgia:,  whither  the  cpnypUfarj,  fcnt  to 
MMek  Ghurghtn^  returned  .with  that  prince's  brother,  who 
hrought  the  tribute,  and  rich-  prefents  ; .  prpmi/ing,:,  in  the 
king's  name,  due  otedience,.  and  to  keep  troops  always  j:e^dy 
for  the  emperor's  fervice.  vThe  pdnce  feeing. ^ifrniiTod,  with 
orders  for  Malek  to  fend' an .  army  forthwith  to  jojn:  -the 
imperial  troops,  7/VniJr.  removed  his  camp  t9  Karakul  Topd% 
from  whence,  marching  hy  Ghenjeh  and  Berdaa^  he.  came^  the 
1 2th  of  December^  to  Ifarab^gh  ^rr^n^  where  he  wintered. 
Here  ambafTadors  arriving  from  Kipjdk^  to  alTure  the  emperctf 
of  the  khan's  obedience,  diyertedhim  from  his  intended  ex>» 
pedition  ii)to  that  country  in  thefoUowjng.fpring,  .Here^alfo 
the  Mirza  Mehemed  SpltAn  came,  from^  Samarkanty  and  was  re* 
ceived  with  great  honour,  his  father  placing  a  crown  of  gold 
^pon  his;^cad.  He  brought  with  him  boipid  the  Mirzaf/J^^z- 
(ler;  who,  havirtg  been  convifted,  before- the  divan,  of  a  fault  .. :  . 
fommittejj  *,,  received  the  baftonado  ;  but  at  length  .his  chains    • 

•were  taken  off,  and  he  was  fet  at  liberty''.    ^ , 

As  (pon  as  Soltan  y^Wrf  heard  that  TinturMd  lef?  Bagh-  SoU^ftAh^ 
^dMj  he  returnied  thither  with  a  defign  to  rebuild  thj^t  city  i  ^^^Z'^'* 
DQt  TiwziJr,  being  infornied  of  this,  fent  four  bodies  of  tfoops^ 
under  the  mirzas,  by  different,  roads,  to  ravage  the  country, 
.^d  prevent  his  intention.     One  .party,  pafling  through  the 
wuntry  oif  the  Kitrds  (who,  dqring  tjie  wkiter,  'v^er^  enj:amped 
in  the  plains),  put  an  in^nite.  number,  tgv  the  fword-^*  -Thje  -       '-.  ' 
Wn2i,Ab^bekr,  who  ^ook  the  road  ,to  Bdghdadi  ar/iyed-th^rc     '•    •  • 
fo  fuddenly,  that  the  foltan,  with  his  fon  Xdhep^  ^nd  fon^e  do-         *  * 
raefUc  officers,  crofling  the  T'/jr/V  io  a.  boat>  /led  to  .^i^/kA^ 
w&ither  he  was  body  purfueJ  ;  but,  by  breaking,  the  bridge 
behind  him,  efcaped  into-tlie  illes-of  Khihd  and  Mdlek  iii'the 
Buph fates.     Another^  detachment  pillaged  •Mfndelli^-  and/,  dcr 
fcated  the  governor  Ali  ka,ldndeK,i  whije,  a  fourth  adyanced  :to 
Wafet  (on  the  Tigris),  and  plundered  ^e  Arabs^  of  *^W^.  (S), 
from  whom  they  tooka  cpnftderabic  fpoil  in  horfes  and  c^pieU* 
.When  winter:  wsis  over,  all. ^he,na:oopsjoined^x.ab9|it,i^i)^§lrvc    - 
leagues  from  BdghJdd,  and  marched  together  to  the  ixnpcjri*! 
catnip.       •'',.:    ^..-^  •-'    r-'     >.:  •  ,^ ';   .:w;r  ,;:    ;^ 

'  Sec  before^  p.  32Q.    .       ^  Hifi.  Tfe.Bftlc,  I* .v/-e> 3a— '37,       ...  .»^.. 
p.  215 — 2j?6..      ;.  ..v-    •     .-,•''  .   *.  :  ^' ■■ 

(5)  A.  tQwn  of-4r^/^/WjOh,  tlie  „J^£r/a;:  gUlf^,    XiC^.paJrAj,   or 
b9racrs,  of  Ifdk'Arati,  on  tlie  *liaj?hra.  La  Croi;e^ 

Y  a  £jrS- 

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BATEZ*4^  hiving  ^Jrcn  pH^rcftiott  eo  Kara  ftfif*  ^*^ 
htd  b^n  tfreft  xm  n^  pafTei^d^.  iAd  even  infiilted  ffie  t«Ht* 
*  win  ot  JV*W<f ,  Tm^f^  refolvcd  to  mtkc  war  on  him :  biit^  t^ 
.the  inhabitant  bf  ./^te/DAi ,  #h6  had  tireidy  cxpdHafioed  ftls 
/»r/  from  ^oAarCh^i  pow^,  rtjpTcfenfcd  Ae  deflroAibn  which  wouH  a^ 
^^^"  •  tend  the  arte  tf  fo  forihiifabk  an  enemy ;  the  foWn  hsQk  its^ 
tnffiuibn  to  KkrdMgh,  SkMi  )i  let^,  afting  ptfrdon  for  wbt 
«^aa  pa/Ied,  atid  pron^ng  obedience  JFbr  the  iamb  \o  tboe. 
7f*M>,  un^  ilfing  to  hart  k  prt*ce  who  Hvas  at  waft-  wMi  ftfc 
infidelt  of  ^n^  tt>Id  them  :  thathe^^tsMd  fbrbd^  faeffiOfc^ 
fn>virf«d  ih^tr  mH^  wtyuM  rither  pat  JTi^nt  Ti/^  to  dttdi; 
ftodhidi  to  thtTatarcsttip,  otexpd  Dim  outef  hrstlottiiidoiDl 
After  this,  he  did  them  p^ticular  hottOurs^imdidHmSksa  ifhBti, 
acoompamed  With  im  ambafflKlbr  of  his  oWH ;  teffic^  ^km, 
dMR  tit  wodM  march  ki  fpni^  to  the  bedkirs  cf  Jte^ 
whcrt  he  WooW  wilt  for  an  adfwer,  wWA  >«rortd  iftfiettrnfife 
wheth«r  thetf  mafier  ddired  peace  or  %itr. 
Timftr/r-      WkilB  Tmur  was  httntrng  In  Ae  pliflfc  of  .ilSMtot  {MA 
re/o/iuc'     t)f  >//rix)>  to  whkh  the  Othnin  ainbafeiors  Wert  ftnStfcd, 
he  perceived  an  oM  canal  mined  by  time,  wMdi  he  rtfehd 
to  rcftore  by  means  of  his  fokHers ;  who  carrieA  ^oh  tlie  %wt 
with  fo  mudi  vigour,  that,  in  a  mowth,  tWofe^ncs  tjf  tt,  ^tcp 
enough  for  a  boat,  were  dog.    The  l^rteg-hcad  is  at  ti  pbct 
catfed  SuriapU',  and  it  falls  into  the  .4rris,  at  anothK^  taHiA 
Kiojhk  €h€nghlfki.  The  emperor  gave  it  the  name  of  i^nJIfr- 
Mi,  or  River  if  6eri^  •  and.  on  its  banks  Ae  inliabit^riitS  Yat^ 
fine©  boift  ferefri  to^vns,  ♦iHages,  ani  pleaaferfe-hotrfos,  ^ 
Hcj.  S04.  gardens  and  vine}1irds.     When  fprlfeg  ^ame^  T^wifr  U-aJs  ffill 
A.  I>.   tin  fdfjpeftfe  Whether  he  Aonld  fnarch  ?(;aiDft  B/fyezid,  tholigh 
H^^-    he  kaew  him  ro  be  his  enfemy :  in  conftdctatiob,  partly,  ttet 
ht  fo  'zealctoHy  maintamed  a  refigions  war  againft  infidels  ;  sad 
fsit^  becaufe  die  Ott^min  •cihpire  abounded  with  Vafiant  as 
>nrtU  as  martial  troops.    On  riie  odier  hand,  the  J^gattjs 
iieinfe  gtcatly  fatigued  with  a  long  Condnt^  fervice,  the  amifs 
'ttideavdured  todmuade  ll^tAr  from  the  eX{3^Mon  %  pHl^S^, 
amcttg  otfwr  retffon^,  that,  m  the  campaign  agMBft  the  On- 
WHH's^  there  appeared  m  the  hetfveits,  according  fo  *thfe  kftro- 
4oget^  «n  inevitiible  misSbrtnne  attending  the   fagattiy^ 

QmfuJts         The  emperor,  upon  di»,  fent  {or  Mul&ns  Ah^*llah\^y 

thi  afir$'  one*of  the  mod  famous  court-aftrologers;  and,  to  remort 

4figtrs.     *  the  ^ppreheniSotis  of  the  amirs,  ordered  ftim  to  (fedafi^  \^kat 

the  different  afpefts  of  the  heavens  portended.    Jbdo^ibfb  hdt- 

upon  laid,  "  It  appears,  by  the  ephemeridcs  of  the  prefiait 

'-*'  yeaf,  tjiat  the  afcendant  of  thb  cm|)irc  is  iJi  die  hig^ 


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(;.  Sy  ^  R^fft  of  Tioiftr  9cku 

**  4c|5rc?  of  ftpepgth,  ;^nd  th^t  o  >emy  iSi  thp  Iqwcft, 

**  d?|p:e!?  of  weakneft. '  A  conwt  ^  w:  }a  /^i*/ ;  and  an 

"  armv,  vhic^  qome^  from  tji^  ^  jciaKe  *ri  iotire  con- ' 

**  aueft  of  Jriatolia^  the  priope  <  ^  will  be  taken  pfi-. 

"  wner  (T).*'  All  objeftions  beiiig  loved,  Tim^r,  in  th^ 

cn(|H)f  >//^r4  d^^rt^  froB 

dHa  ^nd  QhenfeB^  arrived  at  * 

tovf^d%  AlatM  {\J].   Havir 

dCT§  of  Ce§rgia^  he  QgBie> 

whfch  pl^ce  he.  f^t  ^  fecon^ 

?f<f.  TOpprtiflg ;  thafe  in  a 

^ad  defined,  i^nd  WQiild  del 

^hi?li  had  ^^i>  a^way?  fnbj 

dia^ce  of  Tim^r,  J^q  wquW 

hj^efe,  l)ut  e^en  fu^ooiir  him  with  ni§  troops ', 

"^  "  "^  ^  .      -      -         .  ^j^^  Marches 

ted  ^^'^^''^^ 
Q^  Anatolu.. 

the  f|xth  d^y  pf  th^  fi^ge/  qind  put  all  the  Geargiaks  to  th^ 
fword.  He  ft^id  a*  ^t;^??i4  (Qf  V4n}  for  the  return  of  hi? 
anit>a/&.dQrs  fent  jo  B i^ 02,(4 :,  ^u.t^  wheo  two  pionths  wp:^ 
paifed  beyond  the  time  agre<4  ?^  finding  all  his  ende^voi^ra 
to  preferve  Anatolia  were  Truftrated,  he  continued  his  march 
tpwfkrdsah^t  CQ^ptry.     When  he  came  to.  Arzerim^,  the  Mirza  -   - 

Mekemcd  SoltSk^  bc^^d  leave  to  gp  aJ>d  conquer  the,  caftle  y©f 
X1?;?ML*,  vhich  luj^^a.ther  gr^nt^ ;  and,  when  he  arrived  ^ 
)^t  4rzenj&ni  heTent  the  M|rzas  AhUehy  KalU  Softdn^  Soltaiji 
Ru/p^Hf  Ofnd  E/idj^c(er,  with  more  troops,  to  his  aififtance  in 
the  fiege.  The  ca/He  of  K^mak  (X)  is  one  of  the  moft  noted 
I^  alj  \/^a  :  k  is  ^ti^^t^  on  a  high  fteep  rock^  axid  fu^rounde^ 
Wth  ^  de^c  in,  form  gf  a  latyri^nth.  4*  die  bottom  of  it^ 
Valjs  an^  gardens,  ai>d  parterres  of  flow^s,  on  the  ba^k  qf 
^  E^fJjraWi  ^rjd  np  prince  h^d  ^ver  taken  it  py  force.  Se- 
veral jpoets  baye  compared  It  to  the  terreftr^  paradife,  b^ 

'  Hifi.  Tip.  Bek,  1.  r.  |t  zzg^aj?.  c  37-^*1  • 

(T)  L44  Ovtfff  infke  n^argin,  pr  only  added -by  the-  hiflori^n 

yqt^  Ailmrai((s  p:e4iflm  ^«^  ""pm  report,  which  always  mag^  . 

nfirpUger:  as'  if  n^  believed  H^  n; lies  or  changeii  fads. 

tihat  iaie  fdenee,  or  rather  ini-  '  (IJ^  Perhaplit  (hould  be -^vf^* 

pofing  art;    and  took    it    for  mi,  or  Van, 

granted^  that  tM  p^ediAion  was  (VV.}0%tl^J^»/^ri>/^f,  twenty, 

made  accordtnfi;  to.  its  rules:  one  miles  roiith  of  vjfr^f^'^ff. 

wherqas    it  niight  iiacve  been  <X)  Kamek,Kamak;jiT'&f^kK 

I^Qiod  to  «A0Q9rag9  the  amy  \  as  in  dte  Hubim  gooj^aphy^ 

y  \  caufc 


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ty  V  the  Moguls  arid  Tatars.         B?Vl) 

;  f or  three  days  together,  little  birds  as  tig 

,  unfledged,  fall  but  of  the  air ;.  which  the  in;, 

up,  and  preferve  failed  in  pots.    If  they  dft 

i  thi*ee  days,  their  wings  grow  large  enough, 

to  fly  awiy.  ^  .  ,    ^ 

TakttKc'      The  troops ' no  fdoner  came  before  Kcmak,  than  they' be- 

jnak/or/-  iiegcd  it  in  form.     They  made  their  approaches  for  ten  days ; 

r^,  during  which  fime  they  cut  off  the  water  which  fupplied  the 

place.  *  Ncxt"day.they  made  rope-ladders ;  and,  In  the  night. 

the  Mekrit  (oldiers,  who  ran  up  the  .fteepeft  mountains  like 

roebucks,  got  to  the'  top  of  the  roclc  j  from  whence  thfy  let 

downcjor'Hy  by  which  jtgreatnunibei'of  brave  men  mounted^ 

armed  vith  cuirafles,  during  the  darknefs.    When  the  betieged 

perceived  them,  they  caft  doM^n  great  ftones  ;   and  feyeral, 

miffing  t^e  fteps,  fell  down;*  Nei^t  morning  the  foldiers  tnount- 

ed  to  thQaflkult;  while  wildfire  flew  from  the  engines'  on  both 

fides.    *The  bfccers  of  the  Mirza  Jhubehtf  who  himfelf  dii 

wonders,  firft  fcaled  the  walls,  and  erefted  the  horfetail:  at 

the  fame  time  others  inourited .  6n  all  fides,  and  became  ma^ 

fters  of  the  place.    When  7y;/«r  rec<jived  advice  that  Kemak 

was  tal^frt,  he  came  before* 'it;  iibd  gave  the  government  to 

%W;/^;;,'t)ecaufe  It  vya^.'Ao  more  than  feven  leagues  from 

P( feats  :  After ',rhls;  77w^r  '  marched*  forward  ;  arid  at  Siwas^  or 
^»//  tahs  Sebafit,'  was,  met  by  hi^"'  apbaflador,  with  two  others  from 
B^ye^id.  -B^tyezfcli  wl^ofe  anfwcr.was  fo  unfatisfa<5lory,  that  the  cmpe- 
tor  refitf^4  ^'f^ir  prefent's,  and  bid  them  tell  their  mafter,  thd^ 
inuft  prepare!for  wah  Hating  reviewed  his  army,  he  departed 
from  StrdfJif,;'  and,  fendiog  froops  to  take  the.cafile  of  Haruk^ 
marched  towards  Kayfdfiya^  or  Cafarcay  in  Kappadocia ;  to 
whofe  inhabitants  he  gave  'quarter;  and  then  fet  Out  (or  An- 
'hrn  (Y),..to  meet  IS^yezid,  who  was  advancing  on  that  fide. 
The  Arrifr  5/J^i  Jlf^Ar*,  who  was  fent  before  to  get  intelff- 
"gence,  with- ^  thoufand  horfe|  lay  in' ambUfCa'de,  'to  furpHfe 
the  Othman's  fcouts  ;  an({  defeated,  thengi,.  ^ayczi4\  fon,  on 
the  other  han'di  formed  an  ambuicade  near  the  cump  of  Timnr^ 
but  to  no  cfFeft,  The  emperor,  being  come  to  j^nkora^  laid 
Tiege  to  h  r  but,  on  advFce  that ^ff^Iy^2/rfwas  B^pproaching,*  he 
'ordered  it '  tp  be  raifed,  a'lid^  the'  sfrmy  x.6  ttarch '  toward  tfe 
^9€my^.   Nei^t  day,;being>  the  fir  A  of  Jufj/y  the  two  armies 

.-'  -    .  w  Hrfl*  T}iz^»3ek,  l^v.  p.  ji j5-r-.242,  c.  441,  iSc  fcq. 

,'•  {  Y ) .:The .  fame  as  jinkth-Ia^  ra  city  towards  the  north  part  of 
J^'f;:f:n-2iit)^?£Q;iirn  sU ;  dp  ■  van-  ^jipaplia^i  and  .aboac  thcmiddk 
pufly  >v;itcen  the  anti^at  Ancjra  ;     from  eatl  to'wclt. 

met. 

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C:5.   '  neRiignjffTmttBck,      '   . 

rtet,  and  came  to  kn  engagement,  the  particulars^- of  which  We 
have  related  elfe where " ;  and  therefore  (hall  only  mention  here, 
thatTowjJr  gained  the  viftory;  and  Bayezid  was  taken  ,pri- 
foner,  with  his  fon  Mttffay  who  were  treated  witli  great  huma- 
nity and  honour  •. 

Upon  this  great  drfeat,  Ankara  fubmitted  ;  and  Timir  fent  Ankuria 
the  Mrza  Mehemed  Soltdn  towards  Pru/a,  to  feize  the  treafures>^'w^<^'- 
of  Bdyezidf  and  other  riches  of  that  city.    While  the  Mirza 
Ejidnder  was  detached  to  Kontya  {Kogni,  or  Jkoriiwn),  Ak* 
fohhr^  Karahiffar^  Satalia,  and  other  places,  the  Mirza  SMh  ' 
Rikh  was  fent  io^GhulhiJfary  and  Tim^r  himfelf  marched  to 
Khyutahia ;  from  whence  he  fent  out  parties  towards  other 
dties,  to  ravage  all  the  country  of  Jnatolia,  while  he  recre- 
ated his  court  and  great  officers  with  feafts  and  rejoicings. 
Although  the  Mirza  Mehemed  Saltan  made  the  greateft  hafte  to  Prufa 
Prufa  ;  yet  Mujftihnan  Chelehi  had  gotten  thither  before,  and  ^^^-'^^ 
fled  with  the  treafures  :  the  principal  inhabitants  alfo  fled  dif- 
ferent ways;   but  were  purfued,  and  brought  back.     Baye* 
ztd's  wife  and  two  slaughters  were  taken  at  Yenifbahr  (Z) ;  as 
was  likewifethe  daughter  of  Soltan  Ahmed,  king  of  Bdghdad^ 
whom  B^yeztd  had  demanded  in  marriage  for  his  fon  Mojiafa. 
The  Mirza  feized  on  what  treafure  had  been  left  at  Prttfa^ . 
confiding  in  abundance  of  plate  and  rich  fumltiire :   afteri 
tt'hich,  the  pillage  was  given  to  the  fowlers';  who,  when  they^ 
had  done  plundering,  fet  the  houfes  on  fire. 

From  thence  the  Mirza  Abibekr,  being  fent  to  Jfntk,  orlfnik/rV* 
Mf^,  took'  atfd  pillaged  it  ?  he  alfo  reduced  the  whole  country. '/a^^^/. 
Then,  marching  with  the  Mirza  Mehemed  Solfdn  to  Teni/hdhr^., 
mm\ed  Bdyeztd's  eldeft  daughter.     Mean  time  the  Mirza  Sol- 
Un  Huffayn,  detached  to  make  inroads  in'  the  ibuthern  parts,  • 
took  Akjb&hr  and  Karayfer  (or  Karahijfar),  plundering  the 
towns  as  fer  as  Kontyah ;  while  others  ravaged  the  province  of    t       .    \ 
^ydin^  and  the  fea<:oaft.     77»wr^generoufly  fent  to  Bdyezid       \,-^* 
his  wife  D^ina  (A) ;  and  reftored  the  Amir  Mehcmvd,  fon  of 
Karamdn,  Viho  had  been  twel\%  years  kept  in  chains  by  Bayc^ 
^tdy  to  the  gov^nment  of  all  Karamania.     After  this,  he  left- 
^yuiaiiya,  where  he  had  ftaidanumth,  and  marched  towards^ 

.  ■  See/ia  a  fabfeq^ent  Volume,  the  Hiilory.of  the  Othman  Turks. 
'  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,<h  v.  p. •242-^-257;  c.  4^ — 49. 

'(Z)  Four  leagues. from /?r«A,        tA)  The  European  romapce^^ 
and  fix  days  journey  from  Con-     call  her  Roxxna  \  and  ^Z!^.  Timur 


fianttnopUi  the  fame  as  Yemch^.  . 
La  Croi si.^—lt  fceiris  riilher  to 
lie  ten  Icagnes  from  £ru/a,  or  ^ 
^^'ffy^^  It  is  cafted  alfo  Shahrhp: 


kept  h^r  for  his  own  i\fe.    La 
Croix. 


y  4  Tanguzlik. 

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A.  D.     Tamg0$l(ki    Is  the  hf%j^  lie  UCifd  out  a  fevepe  order,  that  iha 

140^'     brave  SainU{  Moure  mi  Ua  brother  MorM  (houkL  be.  pat  ta 

^■•■V^^  dieathi  for  fevoral  crimci  they  had  commhted  j  with  h*»  fan* 

and  other  brodiers  t  ^'a  /intz^  priqce  of  ^  YWi»  (B)^  W4jr 

treated  in  the  fame  maimer.    At  the  fame  titnefeafts  weFo.pr<^ 

pared  $  to  whieb  Bayezid  V92^  iavited>  tfad  trfafeed  witb^  grfat 

honour  s  iorther  to  comfort  Um^  7i;iNb'  coB^mred  qi>  himt  W 

patqnts^  the  kiq^ooi  of  JtuOoHA^  aad  had  the  «row»  pbic^. 

on  his  head  ^. 

Kgypt  W     The  i^mg  b^kig  over,  Ttrti^,  08^^  25tfa,  ieat  an  9t» 

Turky      balTadGt  to  F^rri(/,  foltaa  of  Egyj^^  with  a  letter,  thveatemag 

^brei^en'dy  to  march  to  K^hnA^  or  ^o^ra,  D(ile&  be  ordet^  mooef  ta 

be  coined  with  his  {ik^  emperor's)  hepreTs }  the  lootbah  to  be 

mad^  in  lus  oame  \  and  Atihnifh  tO;  be  feat  him  wUhout  de* 

lay.    Two  other  ambafladoria  were  fent  to  the  TekMr^  or 

^^^  emperor,  to  fummon  him  to  pay  tribute,  and  the  oaS* 

tools:  l^wife meffengers  to MuftJman ChUUy  whohadied 

to  W^a  Yakay  and  refkted  at  Gbuwh^ar^  wMdi  his  £Mber  ha«t 

beiu  above  Cortfiantino^^  threatening  to  fend  over  tfa$  an&j^ 

If  he  did  not  fi^thwith  repair  to  conrt,  or  at  leaft  lead  7Mr 

nxxi^y.     Some  time  after,  the  amba(&dors,  fedjt  to  thr  Gr^ 

eaftperor^  retirned  with  two  others^  to.  loake  hjs  ibbmtflioiii 

and  agree  to  pay  the  impofed  tribute.    At  MMi  he  was  over-) 

taken  by  the  m^engers  fei^t  to  Mujbhnan  Chdebi^  and  an  aitn 

ba/Iador,  with  a  letter  from  thit  prince,  prbmifin^  to  tolBtf 

and  throw  him&lf  at  Tiw$f^  keu    After  thiS)^  advice  was 

.  broB^t,  that  SoitSin  MdhamMfd  Kk^nt^  titular  emperor  ^  J^ 

S<4V»  Who^  by  7?;*ii(Jr'fr  otdv,  was  gooe  t<y  mato  mread% 
d  died  6f^  vioimt  diftemper,  with  Which  he  had  btefi  Umi 
at  Kechtt  Birli^h  (in  Ghermdsn^iU) ;  at  whkh  news  TinMr  waa 
yety  mii^  ^fflifted. 
'Anatolia       Mfi'Aif  time  KechU  BthrUgh,  Jkya^  aiki  Stiials^  ituatad 
p^^agid,    M.the  fea-coafl^  were  ravaged.    Aft^Wards  the  ptoyine^  ef 
'     Mente/hd  and  Tejia-ili  were  ruined>  by  the  amfrs  (axt  fttt*  thtt 
purpofe,  who  tetntncd  to  court  loaden  with  booiy.     Duri^ 
anitumh^  the  mpcror  ky  ^ncampod  at  TangizHk^  where,  the 
^  ^  bang  infected  by  tb^  violent  h^t>  itve^  ibldiem  died,  al 
well  as  by  drinHing  the  wat^  of  a  fpring  at  this  place,  which 
pdrifies  when  it  ^agnates.    Ttmir,  having  fettled  th;e  wlticer-; 
quarters  for  his  troopsi  fent  die  Mirza  Meheined  Sob$n  to  Afitg--* 
^afiah^  in  the  province  of  Serhan4li  (or  SaiiikMn)y  and  SMh 
MX^h  t6  qtsarte^  m  fhe  pfo.v^n^  ef  GhmitlTi-Hl^  beiw^en^  ^g 

t  HIA.  Tim.  fecfit,  1.  Y.  p.  25*— -267.  c.  SOr'-yj. 

(B)  That  is,  Turfy  i^  £uhf^.  La  Crois^. 

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C,  5.  Tk€  Rjfign  of  Tioa^r  BclC.    : 

BArl4^h  znd  Kechik  BMtig/f.    After  this,  the  emperor  marched 

t9  ]MgirIik\   aad,  havihg  <ron):d  the  Menduras^  came  tb' 

Chuzttbiffar  (C) ;  from'  thence  he  paffed  oti  to  Jydzlik  (D);  . 

theo  to  7iV<2,  on€  of  the  moft  noted  Citii^s  of,  Anatolia^  whoife 

iotabltai^,  libe  tWe  of  other  places,  tvdf^  obliged  to  pay 

the  raaf6m  for  thcfr  lives, 

B£iN&  iofprmed  at  this  place,  ihat,  on  the  fe^-coali,  thfehe:  Smyrna 

were  two  exceedir-R  ftrong  fc  taigk^  • 

Tw),  one  polleffed  by  Ctriftii 

•who  were  inoeflantly  at  war  o 

it  his  duty  to  deliver  the  . 

finemiesi    Herfupoo  be  fent 

dhnat  Sbeykhf  to  fummon  th 
.    feith  :  but^  on  the  news  cf  i 

nor,  oraving  aid  of  all  the  i^ 

ooniiderabte  forc^.  77wii?r,  ] 
id  petfoa  to  attapk  the  plac 
aU  his  troope^  laid  fiQge  to 

fhall  ^ve  an  accx)mit  Ui  the  andnd^d, 

va^  tabea»  Uie  inhabitants  W( 

few,  who  Iwam  to  the  (hips 

dcmoHdied*    As  all  this  was 

pie  of  the  country  were  aftori 

the  flr^r^th  of  the  placq,  an 

taken  bcrore  by  any  Moharnmei 

of  BAyeztdi  had  feveral  time 

bk  army,  to.no  purpofe  ;  an 

to  it  for  ieven.  years  m  tain  ^ 

I>uiL[KO  thefe  traiM'^i^iis,  ambafladors  arrived  again  from^  Foja  and 
M^ulman  CheUbiy  and  from  Ifa  CJJ^&W,  another  oi  Biyeztd*s  K^hio 
ibns»  promifing  the  utmoll  obedience  ;  ^th  whole  misfortunes  J'^^^^- 
the  emperor  was  toiiched.     Fojay  anotber  Chriftian  caftle,  a 
day's  journey  diAant  from  Bzmir,  fubmitted,  on  fight  of  the 
troops  of  TJwiJr.;  who  afterwards,  haviM;  furnilhea  the  Mu- lie],  g^j, 
JiJmdnSi  who  inhabited  the  other  caftle  of  Ezmir^  \trith  arms    A.  D. 
to  ri^pulfe  the  enemy^  went  to  encamp  at  Jydzlik:    Ther^     H^S* 
Soiuiy  sax  European  prince  of  ^he  ifland  KXio^  iii  which  grows 
MiMc,  ieot  an  amba/Tadcr  to  Tim^r,  of^ring  fiibmiffibn,  and 
to*  pay  the  tribute ;  upon  which  W  ^^  taken  into  the  empe- 

^  Sew  a  fabfcqucnt  Voluinc,  »  Hift.  Tim.  Bela 

1,  T.  c.  ,5^^r^S7^  P-  267-^7-8. 

f^y  This  H  the  fame  with       <D)  Or  Jydi^aM,  Ac  fymt 
UAgmefia,  CO  die  AfMtid&r;  the    48  Efik/ns. 
fame  as  Menduras  in   the  text* 
by  Qthers^  called.  Afcu^f. 
*  ror-a 


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^4^        .    ,  f  the  MoguU  and T^tzn.      B.VI/ 

4^'P*    roi  *:i  ^i  Tangftzlik  the  army  marched  to  5o//«fl 

\JUO^^j}iJfa>  mur  gave  the  dtics  of  Khytitahia^  Tan- 

L^^^mmmj  jrj^2,li  '  ^with  the  province  of  GherTman-irij  to 

I'JittL  [cd  from  BdycTad  to  the  elriperor,  and 

Wa^  t  Being  come  to  U!ug  B&rlugh^  which 

.    '-  had  -not  yet  furreod^rcd,  he  gave  orders  to  attack  it.     It  \vas 
(oon  tskcfi ;  and,  as  the  *Amir  JaWo'l  IJlam  was  flaln  before 
It,  the  mcQ  were   all  put  to  the  fword,  the  women  carried 
away  cap.the,  and  the  place  demolifhed.     Here  Tiniir  ordered 
the  Mil  za  Mchcmci  SrMdn  to  march  by  the  road  of  Jnkora, 
aaJ  rejoiii  the  camp  at  Kayfdrtya. 
Other        .   After  tliis,  \tx\\xig,Uluk  Burtugh^  in  two  days  and  nights 
places        he  reached  EgrUur,  a  city  built  with  free-ftone,*  in  the  pro- 
wien.        \iacc  of  Hamid-iU,    It  ftands  on  the  bank  of  a  frefli-^vater 
kike,  called  by  fome  FrJak  ahfJ,  fives  leagues  long,,  and  four 
broad.     Three  of  its  fides  are  fuirounded  by  the  lake,  and 
the  fc/arth  by  a  mountain.     In  the  inicW^^  of  the  lake  are  two 
^         ,      iilc8„  CI:u!i/idtt  and  Xcfuin]  in  which  laft  is  built  a  fbrtrefs, 
.    wliivher  tiie  neighbouring  people  "hid  retired  for  fafety  with 
their  effce^s.  .  As  Tjmtir  thought  himfelf  obliged  ift  honoor 
to  t,ake.tm$  ptace,  he  or Jefed  it  to  be  attacked  by  his  troops: 
HhQ,  fuoncnufing  it,  put  the  inhabitants  to  the  fword,  ex- 
cepting a  fcTT,  vvlio  efcaped  in  boats  to  N:fJ\in\  wliich  ifland 
U;cy  rcfulved  to  attack  next.     To  this  purpofe,  the  mirzas  and 
ajnirs  having  cn.flcd  over  on  floats  made  of  the  ikins  of  oxen 
^nJ'  hcrfts  the  gc\lrnor  immediately  went  out  and  fubmitted. 
Thence  the  court  marched  to  Ahjhhhry  where  the  Amir  I^- 
K       .•  '  hpn^d  K:irnf?j^n  cntnc  from  Koni/a;  andy  under  the  name  06 
\"    ,  ranfom,  among  other  things,  prfefented  fuch  vaft  fums  of  fil- 
^     "  \cr,  that  it  Wiis  thought  he  did  more  than  he  was  able,  con- 
fidcring  the  fmiill  extent  of  his. country ;  which  made  Tmir 
hop.our  him  the  iiiore. 
Death  ef       About  this  time  J?4>r2;f/ fell  fick,  and  ibon  after  died  at 
BavtzlU/ this  place;  whofe  death  Tiwr/V  bewailed  with  te^rs,  having 
intended,  after  the  conqueft  of  AnatoVia,  to  re-eftablifh  him 
-  '       pn'the  throne.'  Hebeftowed  feveral  largefTes  on  that  princess 

officers  ;  and  prcfented  his  (an  Mtijfa  Chclebivnxh  a  royal  Tcft, 
a  load  of  gold,  and  other  rich  things,,  and  then  difiniffed 
him;  telling  him,  that  his 'father  fhonld  be^  buried  \vitli  the 

freateft  pomp. .  >lean  time  advice  came,  that  the  Mirza  Me- 
cvicd  Soltiin  was  likewife  falleil'ill ;  and,  that,  thro'  the  tin- 
fkilfulncfs  of  his  phyfician,  he  was  become  delirious.  ^Uponthis, 
ftim&r  immediately  dc^iaftcd  from  AkJlMfy  fof  the  place  where 
bis  grandfon  lay  fick  ;  ar\d,  having  haralTed.the  bmds  <& ^ 

,..    .  V)  CxTralln.    •  •  -  ^  •    ^  -   r 

Durg<>t 

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Jr- 


e.  5.  -         ^*    72^1?  Rekn  af  Tlttiut  Bek. '    '^  i^y^ 

Du'rggt . 

TOther,  ;  <»j 

fc^putiD  ^ 

fhi'ee  da 

extremel; 

he  had  j  r-p 

him.     H  <^ 

whence,  .  / 

h  SoMn 

%v^s  tran 

Whei 
found  a  \ 
Twfr\  w] 
Would  b( 
therefore 
and  pra] 
Atilmijh 
dors,  anc 
with  thi! 
Inantle, 

Being  th  ^3^ 

remove  ^ 

\urks,  ^) 
4nd,  ha^ 
on  the  b 
which  ar 
they  rev< 
refolved 
of  Kddhi 
of  this'lj 
*gave  the 
ceeding  ii^u  <tiiu  puwcuui.  •  ^     ,         ^  •,  {.r,f 

'As  Timur's  defign  of  removing  them  was  to  repeople  ^etafi,  ^^^*  '^^- 
ha.'  treated   their 'chiefs  with    great    honour,    and    liJoewiCf  ^" ''^^^ 
'tnade-them  prefents,  when  they  came  to  falutq  him  :  .but,'l^p^ 
'there,  were  betvveeil  thirty  and  forty^  families  of  them^  He  op- 
'derecfhis  arni'y  to  fiirroiind  the  plains  of  Ama^a  and  ]Xay/a- 
riya  (E),  where  they  dwelt,  that  none  might  get  away,  ^d  then      ,.^  •  -  ^ 
Tent  for  tHclr  chiefe;.\Vlio,  after  being. told  his  refohuipn  to  t  i.^,^^.;  \ 
"Carry  tliem  -back  into  itartary^  feemed  readily  to  fubmit  to  his  v.v. 

''CvTll  •' Jlndj^  being  <iiftributec(  among  "his  troops, .  began  their 
march  with  theiii  out  of  Jliatolid.   "Whpn  Timur  ai'rivedat 

-.    :.     '.  ^  ^.^  ^.^    Bck;  1.  v.'p.  279— 28;.  c.'^'j-^'jz. 

{E)"l'l3eh^v^k'lbouId  rathef- W^if/^;::;-^^^  La  Croix. 

4  Kayjartya, 

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348  Hifior^  ^  th  ^fo5Pk  w4  Tatars.        B.  YI. 

A.  D.    Kdjffarty^  tbeinhibitahts,  through  f(;ar,  d^egded  tliecR^^y^ 

^4^3'    mlti&'his  m)6ps  ;  but,  being  overpQwer^g,  w^^  sdl  cot  t|> 

^*"V^  pieces,    'Ftpm  tbeoce  he  w^t  to  Si'w4s  5  wlicre  lie  cot^^^ol 

ftveral  honours  oti  J&m  OzmM,  ^d  feat  bun  b^k  tQ  ^ 

prmdpdhy.    At  jfrzenjdn  he  wis  eomplioTfntgd  by  the  ^tf|- 

fb!  Tahdrteify  an  v/hptn  he  befto^^ed  a  rpval  v^.    Fropi  t|ifnco 

Timfir      fe  pa(fed  oa  to  ^rzefM;  and  ^t  lepgtji  caine  to  Jv^k  (op 

^MMi  ##     Vih),  vrhcre  thcemprefles  ihfet  htai,  clothe^  in  blad^  fc^  tjij 

y«^*        (fj&th  of  the  Mirta  Meh^ned  Softdn ;  which  fdng  now  ina<fc 

faown  to  the  priAcefe  Khdn-zid^y  0^  fwoon^d  away,  gnd  tore 

herfelf  like  one  <Wb^ftcd.  ^ 

AFTiH  thi^  excefs  of  mpurtihigji  Tm^r,  for  tfee  gP9d  pf 
the  dcceafed  prince's^  foot,  J^vc  9im$  to  the  popr  j  ;iqid  ^o* 
tided  a  ftmeral  bandndt/'tm^e  the  fl^artfS|  doftpi^  grapdees^ 
ttid  noblej^  of  di  J^d^  iffembled  on  tliis  bcc^oji,    Ipiey  6l 
«own,  acc(Jrdic5g;  to  thefr  rink,  at  die  emperor's  table :  ^ 
fcoi'in  wasr  read  ovar  Several  .tjmes.    The  tocyiet  was  favjrf 
tip  by  his  noiajefty'a  fte^^ds ;  ^he  fljirza's  brrf^   drwi  w^ 
be^rten  ;  whereat  tl^  ladies,  ^iri^  a^d  fbldiers,  inade  4  ^^ 
ctVj  and  '^t  bitterly  j  after  ^^ch,.  it  was  broken  to  py^d^ 
sfecprding  to  the  cuftom  of  tbe  Mun^U\  . 
Inters       ' '  MfeAN  time  MJkk  )Shir^hin^  king  b£  GJor^ia^  havjngfejfe4 
Georgia."  td  come,  ,^t  the  tJme  appplnted,  to  qzR.  Morfelf  at  Tim&f% 
feet^  ahd  beg  pardof)^  t!hat  monarch  marched  into  his  coujEi- 
iry ;  and,  being  arf}v6d'  ^flfenW^  receiyed  the  ftibiniffiqp  cf: 
ijWekf^a  (or  ^y/aj,  prthte  of  .Mar Jin^  w>oj  w|th  hiVh^ja^ 
uncovered  J  ^^^^4  j[>ardQn  on  his  k^iees.    Tf'he  epiperor,  .aRef 
tcpriTti^ding,TQrgaVe  him.     As  this  prince  brought  with  .^im 
th^tfibnte  for  ^everal  years  paft,  and  made  abundance  of  haod- 
Totne  j)reients,  Tiw^A-gave  him  a  croWn,  a  royal  veft,  apd|L 
hdtt  <et  with  precious  ftones.    As  ^n  addition  to  thofe  ^vpjguj^ 
Ms  daughter  was  betrothed  to  the  Mirza  4Hhekr  5  and  thw 
bad  the  honour  to  be  allied  to. the  emperor.    At  the (iunc  dmc 
^ow^if  grandfon  of  Jkhuga^  si  Cforgian  pnaoeiy  ^nd  KufioH' 
,      tBfy  brother  to  Mdlek  Ghurghin^  befides  the  lords  and  prino^s 
iif  ^air  the  neighbouring  places,  came  with  prefeats  to  pay  thqjr 
1ioih?(ge.    Titerfr  received  them  with  grea^  civility ;  and,  pre^ 
Tenting  them  with  vefts,  difmifled  them, 
Mtrstt  In  the  neighbourhodd  of  Menkil^  the  empercMr  s^gsun  W^ 

Abftbckr  vefted  theMfrzaPIr  Mehemed,  fon  <£  Qrnar  Sheykh,^}^  ^ 
^vt  goverttmetxt  of  Shtr&z^  capital  of  Pars^  or  Perfia^  then  fcftt 

him  away:  and  at  the  feme  time  difpatched  orders  to  t!ie 
Wtt^Mftetriy  at  iShirdz,  to  repair  lb  court.  At  tjmfdr^  a 
place  dependent  on  Jerb^dkh^n^  Jie  received  a  pac(cet  from 

S  Hift.  Jm-  J8«^  L  y.  -p.  ?85j-r ajj^.j6,  6*^hS5, 

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court,  ftg^hig  ^t  the  tmperor  had  gi^en  1 

ment  of  J/p4Mn,  capital,  of  Perjian  Irak  ;  and 

reib&il^  Afe  fortitft  iX  OrMiytbi,  it  Orty^d; 

*fter  j^QJrtin)?  with  MsfeDther  j?£r  lAehemd,  wl 

^j  fe  feb  way  tb  SAlfa;fe.    When  lte  cbuf 

KSks^  \st  ihvefted  tht  MfrtA  Ahthekr  With  thi 

««  ^pd'niKje of  /rAt  ^roi/,  a$ fasrias /T^/^f ,  ia 

M^fi^,  i>ij^irhekry  ind  ^fd^.    tie  ^ve  hi 

OenreMgBddd,  Mtrhich  had  been  dddfoyed :  aU 

ail  diftutbers  df  the  ptrH&c  peact';  imd  begin 

J8f  the  TurhtrAfi,  Nirfio  hard  tokde  hittifelf  tti^cr 

Tims  briace,  liivitig  fled  from  that  provini  ^mnft 

troops  xX  Tmir,  its  !rath  been  befbre  metiti  ^ara  Yft- 

iWwi,  icfr  :/ftiatolid  v  t)ttt,  tclteh  the  T^^r  armj  ''^» 

j&ff^  {Ift  Its  thkrdh  agaSnft  fe4;<?irfi),  he  fte 
i^At ;  -^here  having •afffettilAed  allthfe  Turkman  \ 
nt  Piiyan  JWf •    5oMti  2ihmd'zt  i3ie  fame  th 
iMiWatf  t6  hfe  foh  Soltan  tih^ ;  btxt  bdffg 
femPs  amirs,  Who  feared  Ahhted^  :tt)  revolt, 
l)fi(%e  dttriag  the  tiight,  and  eticamped  on  thi 
ver.  ^  When  the  foltan  was  informed  of  it,  he  broke  doWn  Ae 
bri^;  trtid,  takrchlng  along  thfe  rivet,  flopped  in  prefence  of 
thfc  rtbds.    Prom  thttite  he  f^t  an  expreft  for  Kara  T^rfi 
vf^\i2mx^  joined  hSm,  they  paffled  the  river  together  \  aiid, 
coining  to  a  battle,  fihet  'was  Vanqii^ed,  and  fled :  but,  cn- 
desroitring,  with  his  arnxottr  tm,   to  leap  his  hiorfe  over  a 
bn6<^  both  feU  in,  and  he  was  drowned. 

Af¥er  this  drffeatt,  tahet"^  troops  difperfed^,  axjd  Soltan  '^^  *^ 
Abmed,  growing  >albtts  of  ^dru  njhf,  returned  to  iBdghdad^  BigluMr 
bttt  fixis  httcfr,  coming  foon  after  from  HUleh  with  his  army; 
tbok  that  x:ity.    The  fbltih  Hid  hiffifelf :  but  was  perceived 
by  tJrie  KkriL  H'djfan^  Who  hekfed  him  to  efcape  during  the 
f£^t,  tarrying  him  on  his  Arotilders  to  a  place  near  five 
l&igues  diftant ;  wtere,  mieetliig  a  man  with  an  («,  Ahmed 
Inotnfted,  and  came  with  his  deliverer  Xdl^akrlt.    Being  here 
jdted  by  ifeyeral  of  hi^  offidei^,  he  went  tb  Damajkus^  while 
ferir  i^i^becattie  peaceable  poflfeflbr  of  If&k  Arah'u    Wheu 
,  the  Mtrza  AbtAtkr<i!txtit  ^h  Erhil  '{or  Arbela),  he  feized  Abd'r 
Ic^l  the  -^ovembt^   and  bth^r  chij^fs  of  the  rebels ;    theq^ 
|.-itl*t*mg  XjCfBo^idd,  frelWem  In  purfnit  of  Kara  T^fef-;  andr 
"ifeihg  jcfinc^d  by  the  Mifza  Mfieniy  from  Urujerd,  with  other 
imtrs,  a^nd  their  troofs,  near  Hilhhy  they  paffed  the  Euphrates 
:ogfetKe}r-;  and  W^  me  TWrkifian  prinCe  bppofite  the  town  of 
\$ihy  more  to  the  fouth,  on  the  other  fide  of  NahroUg^nam; 
h6fe^  titli6^"hfc"Wa^  entrenched 'with  a  tiumerous  army,  and 
3  tht 


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"  a;  p.  Iioufand  inen,r  they  refcd^ed.  to  attack 

^;;:^'"V"^  divided  tJieir  trOops  into  two  bodies, 

yt^^^^'  1  on  both  fides  at  once :  then  I^ttftm 

and  pes,  ^ ^^  ^^  enemy  with  great  relblution ; 

id  the  like  on  his  part.    Nor  did  the 

le  Jcigatays  ;  but  at  length  they  were 

into  Syria^  with  fbme  of  his  doinef- 

\  confifted  of  between  i  o  and  1 5,000 

and  camels,  were  plundiered. ,  His 

)ff  his  horfe  in  tl\e  battle,,  and  had 

.  ..  wife,  the  xqueen  of  the  Turhnins, 

.  ^  >uf  t^  and  relations, .  were  taken  pri; 

.  '  vaniquiihed  Noayr^  abfplute  fove- 

es  of  the  defart ;  with  feveral  other 

5,  till  that  time,  had  never  fubmit- 

fter  this,  Jbubekr  emplpyedhimfelf 

flourishing  as  ever :  he  enconra^ 

\ht  people,  obliged  them  to  cultivate  the  lands^;  and  caufed 

ihe  city  of  Biighdad^    ^yhich  was  almoft  ruined,    to  be  re- 

.  MtN.      *       •  ,  .  •  :  "      • 

Georgia        Mean  time  Jtm^r,  having  decamped  from  the  neighbour; 

'in'vadcdf    hood  of  /C<^rj,    entered  C'^org-w  ;    whither .  Sheykh  JJriAfwzi 

J>rince  ^bf'ijA;ny.^/2,  pailing  thio'  Armenia ,  had  gpAe  before, 

knd  feized  fpme  defiles*     MMek  ChArghtity  furprifed  at  thq 

pews  of  tj)is  march, .  fent  ambafladors  to  court,  with  prefents, 

Tignifying  **'  Kis  obedience ;  and  that  he  was  ready,  on  the 

^0.,  y       *^  firft  order, ,  to  feud  either  money  or Ttiijops  :  tha^^his  fear 

^.     , ,.     ■**  had  .hindered  him  to  repair  to  court  >  but  that,  as  {bonasit 

*'  was  over,  he  would  run  to  kifs  his  majefly!s  feet,  as  the 

**  prince  of  Mar  din,  and  other  governors,  had  .done  ;  would 

**  proftrate  himfcif  ,]befp"re  the  tlirone,.  and Te^eive..  his  orders 

**  as  hisflave."     7/7^2^<ic.  *  wo  did  ~not  hearken  to  wbat  the.  am^ 

.bafTadors  {aid,  nor  receiyi^.  their  prefents.  Retold  them,  "  Thai 

'**  the  c^fe  of .  their.  mafter,.'who  was'a  Chriflian,  differed  from 

***  that  pf  the  other  .princjjs  (he,  mention^),  who  were  Mo- 

^'  hapimedans  •;  and  therefore,   on  the  fcore  of  religion,  inore 

'*'  in  titled  to  favour  :  that,  if  he  defijed  Kfe^^  he  muft  Inrmedir 

'*'  ately  repair  to  court ;  and,  if  God  ihould  not  give  hkn  grace 

'"to  turn  Mohammedan,  the  tribute  of  Karaj  would  be  inir 

;**  pofed  upon  him;  after  which,  he. would  leave  hipi  oner 

/'  more  the  government. of  his  countiy,  and  fufFer  his  fubjefiLs 

."  to  live  in  peace :  th^t  the  tmfevorof  Coii/iantinopie,  as  a 

^  ITift.  Tim.  Bek,  1.  vi.  c,  x,  2.  ix,.   p.  299—305.  325,  & 

"-  ••  Chriftiaci. 

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.  C.  5;  .     Tie  Reijficf  TimA^  Bjdj;;  -\ 

^  **  Chriftian,  was  on  the  fome^  fiooting  with  .hhjji' : '  in  ihort,.th^t 

^*  if  he  came  to  court,  he  fhpuid  be  well  received  ;  .'but.  tlia^, 
**  if  he  made  the  leaft  difficulty  of  coming,,, none  .of  hU  ^- 

.**  cufes  fhould  be  accepted  of." 

The  ambafladors  bei^g  difmifled,  ar  and  cruelly 

the  Georgians  approaching,  to  prevent  1  rwvaged* 

fent  tioops  into  thar  country,  .who  drp^ 
and,  carrying  off  all  the  corn  and  .pulfe 
elfe.  There. is  a  very  fteep , hill  mGeot 
fituated  between  two  very  deep  defiles  j 
rock,  which  furpaiTes  it  in  heighi;^ .  and 
and  cords.  There  is  but  one  way  ieadli 
very  narrow  as  well  as  crooked ;  befides^  tl 
round  it,  hinder  an  army  from  encamp  .     . 

T)^  Georgians  h2id  fortified  this  mount 
houfes  on  it,  and  a  gate  at  the  very  e: 

^to  preferve  rain-water..  This  fprtrefs, 
commanded  by  Trdl,  a  Georgian  prince 

.  thirty  great  Oznawrs  ;  and  ^  ftro^g  ga 

.  want,  their  cifterns  being  filled  with  wa 
delicious  wines,  and  the  place  ftpred  with.  IwLne  .and  iheep^ 

TIMl/R,  apprifed  of  the  importance  of  this  place,'TefoIv.^  Fortrr/s  of 
to  iake  it,  notwithftanding  the  difficulties  which  might  ^i^iteiul  Kortenc 

.  the  fiege  ;  as  it  was  in  the  midft  of.  the  enemy's  jcounjLry,  ^Ojd 
neither  vidluals  nor  water  enough  was-  to  be  found  for  tlie 
troops  required  to  carry  it  on  :  fo  that  every  one  was  furprifed 
at  this  undertaking,  and  belieyed  it  imppijibie  to  take,  tl][e 
place.  As  foon  as  the  imperial  llandard  arrived  .'before  tl^e 
caftle,  ^z/^w/?  i^th,  the  inhabitants  fent  to  offer  .X/Wf': pr^- 
fents  and  fiibmiffion :  but,  finding  they  coold  hot  divert.-  ]^tje 
ftorm,  they  declared  war  by  a  dilcharge  of  ajrrows'and  ftpue^. 
The  amirs  having  taken  the  quarters  affigned  them,;  Shah.ilil^- 
leky  who  was  pofted  on  the  fide  of  th^  gate,,  was ^, ordered  Xo 
build  a  fconce  oppofite  to  it-;  which,. to  the  admiration' of  ajj, 
he  finiftied  in  three  days,  though  capable  >pf  cpntaining  3000 

^men.     Two  other  amirs  were  likewife  ordered  to  build,  two. 

.fconces  in  different  places;  this  was  done,,  that,  i<J|cafe  .;d^e '  .."     . 
fiege  lafled  too  long,  garrifpns  might  be  put  in  them,  to  in-  * 
commode  the  befieged.  .  '  . 

TJMUR  encamped  in  a  place  behind  the  fortrefs,  proper  ^gf^erattly 
for  maldng  battering  and  other  engines ;  where  he  commanded  befieged. 
a  meljiir,  or  platform,  of  flone  and  wood,  to  be  built  high 
enough  to  command  the  place.  This  work .  being  finiflied  in 
a  week,  on  the  20th  Bikijek,  a  Mehrttj  fkllful  in  jnarcliing 
over  mountains,  found  means,  during  night,  to  get  upon  t/ie 
.   ^   .  .      .     .  r-  rock 


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Hiji^tf  fhMo^  afktTMirs:        B.Vh 

rock  fouthrf  the  caftfc;  to  the  top  of  wWdi  he  carried  a  goat, 
•which  he  took  ill  hi*  way  up ;  and,  havmg  kffled  k,  placed  it 
^fat  a  fignal,  and  then  dttcended  un%n  b^  the  Ge^tgiaru. 
Next  day  he  told  this  advegture  to  the  emperor  5  who  ixmnc' 
<)iatcly  ordered  ftroi^  conk  to  be  made  of  raw  filk  and  thread, 
for  m^ki^  Mders.  When  thcfe  were  fim&ed,  fefur  othw 
M^Mts  amended  the  rock,  ^nd  drew  up  the  ladders  widi  long 
cprds*  Then  mon^tkig  by  ttn  arth,  which  a  goat  could  fcarceiy 
pi^,  ^d  faftcning  die  ladders  to  a  tnsc  whieh  grew  out  « 
the  very  ridge  of  the  rock,  fifty  d^  the  braveft  Titris  of  Kk- 
raffltn  immediately  afccnde^.  At  dajr-break  one  of  themtrried 
aloufl,  Allah  Jkber,  and  Heflfed  Mohamttfed  .*  at  the  fame  time 
f}/tahttftAdf  an  officer,  founded  has  trtnupet  ^. 
mad  iaieti.  Th8  watch,  alarmed  by  this  noife,  roufed  the  fleeing  gtr- 
rifon;  while  thcfcalers  b^n  to  advance  towards  the  j^ceby 
a  yray  very  najrow  and  dangerops,  w>-  more  than  thfee  per- 
fous  tdng  able  to  tnarch  in  front.  One  of  then^  went  £rf, 
ft^owed  by  two  others,  hoUBnjg;  his  buckler  befefc  him: 
)bnt,  bring  fcot  In  the  mouth  wmi  an  arrow,  he  fell  back- 
wards, and  the  enemy  fei;ted  on  his  buckler.  Jbd*alla6  SeiZ" 
wdri  advanced  ^ord  in  hand,  and  flew  fome  Georgians;  tiB, 
being  mprtrily  woond?ed  in  ten  or  twelve  places,  he  feU,  diro' 
weaknefs.  Ihe  Turk  Mahmid  fell  on  the  enemy  with  a  heavy 
dnb,  with  which  he  broke  the  leg  of  a  very  coufiderable  Ox' 
'  fiAwr.  In  ftiort,  of  the  fifty  men  who  had  mounted  to  the 
afiault,  fevcral  arrived  at  the  caftk-gate ;  where  ?l  bloody  bat- 
^e  enfued*  Some  alfo  continued  to  attack  the  fface  from  the 
meljUr,  or  platform  j  fo  that  at  length  the  gate  was  brokea, 
and  the  troops  entered  the  cajftle  on  the  22d  of  Avguji.  The 
befieged  begged  for  quarter  on  thdr  knees :  but  moft  of  the 
OznawrSf  or  officers,  were  caft  headlong  from  the  walls.  The 
governor  Tirif  was  bbund,  and  carried  to  the  camp,  with  the 
whole  garrifon ;  who  were  all  beheaded  by  Thnur's  opder, 
and  their  wives  and  children  enflaved :  but  he  made  a  prefcnt 
of  Trdts  wife  to  Sfaeykh  I^r^htm,  prince  cf  Shirw&n. 
Theparri'  TH^empcror  heaped  honours  and  riches  on  Bikljek,  and  the 
fonjlmn*  other  bftve  men  who  had  firft  mounted  the  rock.  He  made 
Mekemed  TurAn^  fumamed  Iflng  of  Bawran^  one  of  the  prind- 
pal  lords  of  Khoraffhiy  governor  of  the  place ;  with  orders 
not  to  fuffer  the  Georgiahs  to  g^n  any  more  footing  in  the 
neighbouring  conquered  countries.  He  was  likewife  to  convert 
the  church  into  a  moflc,  to  build  a  ifiche  in  place  of  die  akar, 
and,  inftead  of  bells  ^d  croffes,  to  provide  muczhns,  and  read- 
ers of  the  korin. 

**  Hift.  Tim.  Bck,  L  vi.  p.  306— $iO.  c.  3—5. 

DURfNC 

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€.  ^     .  Tie  JRe^H  of  TimdrBck.  .  353 

During  thefe  tranfaftions,  all  the  great  officers,  and  go-    A.  D: 
vernors  of  the  feveral  provitices  and  cities  of  KboraJ/an  znd     H<^3- 
fr^k,  came  to  cQurt,,to  pay  their  homage.     After  the  taking  \"T^^,'^ 
of  Kortene^  Timdr  marched  for  MKhAZy  which  is  the  northern  ^^""gia 
fronfier  of  Georgia ;  and  the  van-guard  having  opened  a  road  "^^fi^^* 
through  the  thick  woods,  he  enteVed  into  the  middle  of  the 
kingdom  :  where-he  plundered  700  towns  and  villages,  laying. 
Wafte  tjie  cultivated  lands,  razing  the  Chriftian  moiiafteries  and 
churches,  which  Were  built  of  marble  and  frce-ftone. 

The  Georgians y  to  avoid  the  enemy,  retired  into  caverns,  Z^^tff/ 
among  rocks  and  mountains,  by  means  of  ladders,  which  xht^g^^ntei^ 
drew  up  after  them :  but  the  foldiers  being  let  down  in  boxes, 
by  great  ropes,  from  the  top  of  thfe  mountain,  to  the  caverns, 
as  in  former  expeditions,  entered  them,  though  fome  (contained  , 

near  1 00  Georgians ^  and  put  them  to  the  fword.  When  Midek 
CMrghin^vj2LS  informed  of  this  defolation,  and  progrcfs  quite 
through  his  country,  by  the  lords  who  were  (laves  in  Timiir*s 
army,  he  fent  ambafladors,  offering  to  fend  dll  his  riches  to 
court,  the  annual,  tribute,  and  the  troops  whkb  fhould  be  re- 
qmred. "  The  amirs,  on  tiieir  knees,  Intr^ated  him  to  accept 
of  thefe  (ubmiiEous :  but,  not  being  able,  to  abate  his  zeal  for 
the  continuation  of  the  gazi  (or  religloiis  war),  they  propofcd 
the  air^ir  to.  the  doftors  of  the  law,  and  to  the  mufd's ;  who 
unanJaipyOy  declared,  in  the  imperifl  council,  That,  fince  the 
Georgians  confentedjo  pay  the  tribute,  and  not  to  injure  the 
MuflUImans,  they  ix>ere  obliged^  by  their  law,  to  grant  them 
quarter,  without  doing  them  any  farther  harm,  either  by 
Jlaught,<r  or  pillage.  Upon  this  concluiion  of  the  dpftors, 
Tii^r  nodded  to  Sheykh  Tbrahtm  (king  of  SMrw&n),  one  of 
the  interceflbrs,  in  token,  that,  in  refpeft  to  him,  he  cpndc- 
fcen^ed  to  the  requeft  of  king  ChurgUn.  The  ambafladors^ 
who  were  difmifled,  between  hope  and  fear,  foon  returned, 
and  jbrought  1009  gold  medals,  ftruck  in  the  name  of  TimUr, 
1600  hones,  gold  and  filver  plate,  with  a  balafs  ruby,  of  a 
beaut;iful  colour,  weighing  eighteen  medikals,  there  beirig  few 
which  weigh  fo  jmuch;  they  likewife  obliged  themfelyes,  by 
oath,  to  pay  the  tribute  *. 

,Xhen  Timur  decamped,  in  order  to  return;  and,  after B«y^tai| 
Tome  days  march,   arrived  at  TefRs,   having  ruined  all  tht^f^^^r 
churches  and  monafteries  in  the  neighbouring  parts.  When  he 
had  gone  two  days  journey  beyond  the  river  Kur,  he  refolved 
to  marcli  to  Karabdgh,  and  rebuild  the  city  of  Baylak&n  (F)  5 

*  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  Vol.  II.  p.  311—319,  c.  5— IB. 

(F)  Called  alfo  Bilkdn,  and  Pilkdu. 
Mod*  Hi&T.  Vot.  V,  t  near 

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Hiftory  ofjbe  Moguls  and  Tatars.        B.  Vt. 

near  ivhich  laft  he  encamped,  from  hence  removing,  to  win- 
ter at  Karabdgh;  although  the  feafon  was  very  cold  and  rainy, 
'  yet  he  fet  the  work  forward,  in  which  the  foldiers,  under  the 
infpeftion  of  the  fliihzadehf  (or  mirzas),  and  the  amirs, 
wrought  with  fuch  diligence,  that  the  buildings,  which  were 
of  brick,  were  finiflied  in  a  month.  The  circuit  of  the  walls 
was  2400  cubits,  of  large  meafure,  the  thickne^  eleven,  and 
height  fifteen.;  the  ditch  was  thirty  cubits  wide,  and  twenty 
deep.  At  each  angle  gf  the  place  was  a  great  baflion ;  and  in 
the  middle  of  each  curtain,  a  gallery,  with  battlements,  and 
an  engine  to  caft  ftones.  Timur  gave  the  government  of  this 
new  aty  to  Bahrdm  Shdh ;  and  invefted  the  Mirta  ^a/il  Soltk 

*  with  that  of  Baylakdn,  Berdaa,  Ghenjeh,  the  cpunfry  of  Jrriny 
jfrmenia,  Georgia^  and  Trebizofid,  He  likewife  ordered  a  canal 
to  be  cut,  fix  leagues  in  length,  and  fifteen  cubits  in  breadth, 
to  convey  the  water  of  the  Jrrds  into  Baylakdn :    and  this  is 

^  one  of  the  mofi  mag^fficent  monuments  of  his  grandeur  and 
'  power,  '       ^ 

TxmiirV        During  Timur's  flay  at  this  place,  the  princip^  lords  of 
'uigilance   Ir&nvddt  Turin  iame  to  court,  where  an  iaflembly  of  themaft 
c  learned  mca  was  held ;  the  emperor  being  very  curious  in  hear- 
ing the  chief  queftbns  of  the  law  explained ;.  with  the  di- 
ftinftipn  between  pofitive  commands,  and  thofe  which  contain 
only  matter  of  advice.     One  day  the  converfation  happening  to 
fall  upon*  the  words  of  Mohammed^  That  God  orders  princes  to 
.praflicejujlice  and  beneficence  \   ?7m«r  afked  the  doftors,  ifoiff 
they  came  to  negle£i  to  tell  him  what,  he  ought  to  do,  dndixjbat 
be  ought  not  to  dof  they  anfwercd,.  That  his  highnefs  <fid  not 
.  /land  in  need  0/  their  c$un/els  ;  buf,  on  the  contrary^  theysmgbt 
profit  by  imitating  him.     The  emperor  foM  them,  he  did  not 
'  Cke  that  fort  of  compliments,  which  looked  like  flattery :  add- 
ever  £9'*    ing,   his  meaning  was,    that,   as  they  could  not  bnt  be  ac- 
vtrnorr.  \  quainted  with  the  affairs  of  the  provinces  they  came  from,  and 
'  conduft  of  the  feveral  officers  in  authority,  he  expefted  they 
ftiould  inform  him,  whether  they  diflributcd  jnflice  or  not„ 

•  th^t  he  might  remedy  evils,  and  deliver  the  weak  from  oppref- 
fion.  Hereupon  the  doftors  having  reprefented  the  conditioQ 
of  their  refpeftive  provinces,  Timur  chofe  the  moft  experienced 
among  them,  and  fent  with  each .  an  intendant,  to  whom  he 
gave  a  full  power  to  make»  or  difpenfe  with,  laws,  for  the 

'  better  adminiftration  of  juflice.     He  likewife  permitted  them  to 

'  ireftore,  out  of  the  treafiiry,  what  fums  had  been  extorted  ftoa 

poor  peopk,  and  to  puniih  the  oppreflbrs,  in  an  cpcemphry 

manner.     Then  Timur  made  this  memorable  fpeech,   whicb 

wa£  taken  down  by  a  lord*  who  was  prefent  at  the  aflembly : 

^  Ml 


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C.  5^  The  Reign  of  TimiiT'Bck.  \     355 

"  My  heart  hath  hitherto  been  fet  upon  enlarging  the  li-    A.  D. 
**  mitsof  my  vaft  empire  :  but  now,  I  take  up  a  refolution  to     H^S- 
"  ufc  all  my  care  in  procuring  quiet '-and  fecurity'to  my  (iib-  <— v^-^J 
**  jcfts,  and  to  render  my  kingdoms  floudftiing.    It  is  my  will,  ^f^t^^', 
"  that  private  perfons  addrefs  their  petitions  and  complaints  im-  ^^^^Jt^*^°* 
"  mediately  to  myfelf :  that  they  give  me  their  advice,  for  the 
**  good  of  the  Mujfulmansy  the  glory  of  the  faith,  and  the  ex- 
**  tirpation  of  the  wicked  difturbers  of  the  public  quiet,     I  am 
"  unwilling,  at  the  day  of  judgment,  that  my  poor  oppreflcd 
"  fubjefts  fliould  cry  out  for  vengeance  againft  me.     I  am  not 
**  defirous,-  that  any  of  my  brave  foldiers,  who  have  fo  often 
"  expofed  their  lives  in  my  fcrVice,  fhould  complain  againft 
"  either  me,  or  fortune ;  for  their  a£3iftions  touch  me  more  than 
"  they  do  themfelves.     Let  none  of  my  fubjefts  fear  to  ccMne 
"  before  me  with  their  complaint^  :  for  my  defign  is,  that  the 
"  world  ftiould  bfecome  a  paradife  under  my  reign ;  knowing, 
"  that  when  a  prince  is  juft  and  merciful,  his  kingdom  is  crowned 
"  with  bleflings  and  honours.     In  fine,  I  defire  to  lay  up  a 
"  treafure  of  juftice,  that  my  foul  may  be  happy  after  my 
"death."  - 

Towards  tjie  e.nd  of  Novembery  a  Cherkafflan  officer  came  A  great 
to  the  c^mp  before  Baylakdn,  with  the  head  of  Mdlek  Azzo'Mn,  ffprefof^ 
king  of  Lor  Kucheky  who  had  revolted.    His  'fldn  had  been 
flayed  off,  and  hung  up,  ftuffed  with  ftraw,  for  an  example  to 
others.     About  this  time,  Tim^fTikewife  performed  an  aft  of 
iuffice  on  the  perfon  of  the  famous  doftor,  Mu/dna  JCothbo'ddIn 
Karmiy  who  was  come  to  court,  with  the  other  officers  of  the 
diwan  of  SMndz  :  becaufe,  at  his  departure,  he  had  taxed  the 
inhabitants  of  Pdrs  (or  Proper  Perjia)  at  the  fum  of  300,000 
iinirs  kopeghi,  under  pretence  of  a  prefent  to  the  emperor. 
His  majefty,  being  highly  offended  at  this  tyranny,  which  he 
5^as  informed  of 'privately,  by  MMna  Saed,  a  doftor  of  the 
fame  country,  immediately  ordered  the  Sheykh  Darivijb  AUdhi 
X)  bind  his  hands,  and,  placing  the  forked  branch  about  his 
icck,  fent  him,  in  that  figure,  10  ShtrAzy  with  the  fum  he 
iad  extorted  from  the  inhabitants,  to  be  reftored  to  thofe  who 
lad  paid  it.     Argun y  Kothbo'ddin's  intendant,  was  condemned /tt»^^^ 
X)  be  hanged,  on  account  of  the  troubles  which  he  had  brought  'with  in* 
m  the  people,  by  his  mailers  order :  and  fentence  was  exe-A'^J'' 
Jnted  on  him,  as  fpon  as  MAldnq  Saed  returned  to  Shirdz  y. 

The  Friday  following,  the  inhabitants  of  "the  city  and 
leighbouring  villages,  being  aflembled  in  the  old  mofk,  M4-^ 
ma  Kothbo'ddin  was  expofed,  at  the  foot  of  tjhe  .preaching- 
)bair,  which  was  of  fi*ee-ftorie;  from  whence  Muldna  Saed 


f  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  Vol.  II.  p.  319— 32^  C  9^13. 

tzedl^vSeSbgle 


Z   2 

Digitizi 


mjiorj  of  the  Moguls  -ani  Tatars.        B.  VI. 

-having  told  the  people  what  Tim^ir  had  ordered  him  to  (ay  on 
the  occafion,  the  mofk  ecchoed  with  tlieif  acclamations.    After 
'  this  piece  <rf"  juftice  had  been  done  on  the  perfon  of  one  of  the 
greateft  lords  of  the  kingdom,  the  Mirza  Pir  Mehemedy  fon  of 
Omar  Sheykh\  took  off  his  fetters  and  forked  branch,  and  fent 
him  back  to  Samarkant,  the  intcndancy  of  the  finances  of  iSii- 
rdz  bdng  given  to  another. 
Eflclnder       When  Baylakdn  was  intirely  built,  Tlmur  marched  to  pafe 
Sheykhi    ^j^^  winter  at  Karab4gh,  in  koria's,  or  thatched  houfes,  built 
revBiti.      £qj.  ^^^  purpofe.     Here  advice  being  brought,  that  Ejkamkr 
,  Sheykhi,  prince  of  Daniawend  and  Firuzkuh,  had  revolted,  the 
Amfr  Soleyman  Sh^h  had  orders  to  go  to  Ray,  to  obferve  Efiki- 
defs  motions ;  and  the  Mirza  Riifiem  was  fent  to  affift  him. 
They  were  direfted  to  give  him  a  handfome  reception,  in  cafe 
be  returned  forthwith  to  his  obedience :  but  to  profecute  him 
to  the  utmoft,  if  he  continued  obftinate.     About  this. time, 
Jbrdhim,  king  of  Shirwdn,  regaled  the  whole  court  with  a 
banquet ;  and  A%r  Jlwerd,  fon  of  Soltan  Jhmed,  of  Cagbdid, 
ShgykB       dghteeh  years  old,  was  brought  from  Irak  Jrabi^     The  ¥e- 
Berekc      jierablc  Sheykh  Bereke  (G)  then  aHb  arrived  at  court ;  and  the 
mrnva.     pous  Tintur  went  oat  of  his  tent  to  meet  him.     The  fimtcw, 
having  perceived  the  emperor,  flung  off  his  turban,. and. paid 
his  compliments  ci  condolence  on  the  death  erf"  the  Mirza  Ude- 
hemed  SoItAn.    T/mrfr  embraced,  and  wept  a  kmg  time  with 
him.    -The  learned  of  Great  Bukharia  came  to.  court  on  the 
fame  occafion  of  condolence  •,   and  every^  evenings  after  the 
emperor  had  done  with -the  affairs  of  ftate,  he  h^d  themdSf* 
.  pute  on  fome  quefKons  of  learniog  and  religion. 
Jjf'airs  rf      ^s  the  princcs  of  Child?!  bad  ciily  fent  a  few  fmaH.  prefeus, 
Ghilan.  ;  Inftead  of  coming  to  court,  Timitr  fent  the  •  kafawl,  or  itn- 
,^ard,  2Mdith.tMin:aLShdh Rukh,  with  his  troops,  toKz^Aj 
{ot  Kezeligaj).     The  princes,  alarmed  at  thefc  naotions,  con- 
fented  to  pay  a  great  fum,-  under  the  name  of  Kara},  and&it. 
the  Scyd  RAzi  Kiya^  erne  of  the  princes  of  i)/iW7r,  ofMohamm^^s 
race,  with  another  prince,  to  give  aflurances  of  thdr  obedience. 
The  emperor  hojaoured  the  Seyd  Razi  in  a  particular  manner, 
ma^e  him  vaft  prefents,  mid  gave  him  the  government  of  the 
cafUe  of  KemAky  on  the  borders  of  Jnatoliay  which  Shhns^  a 
relation  of  the  Amit  Abbh,  formerly  poflefled  (H),  with  troops- 
^he^Jheykh  to  go  thither.     Soon  after,  the  Sharif  5^^i  Bereke  fell  fickat 
^^^»  A'^r^W^^and  died.,    Timur  wept  bitterly  for  the  lofs  ofbis 

beft  friend;  and  caufed  his  coffin  to  be  buried  at  JndMd* 

(G)  He  is  mentioned  before,  (H)  Timir  gave  it,'  not  long 
as  prophefying  vidojcy  to  TV-  before,  to  Tahdrtetr,  prince  of 
mui\    r.zi^.  -        w^r2;fi2/^«.  See  before,  p.  342. 

'  ,  Then 

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C.  5.  TB^  Reign  of  T\m\!ir  Bck.  gsy 

Then  he  gave  to  the  Mirza  Ejl^nder  the  government  oi  Hor  A.  D. 
maddn,  Nehawendy  Urujerd,  Lor-kAchek^  and  their  ctependen-  H03. 
cies.  «^-*-v^-**^ 

Whem  winter  was  over,  MMek  IJfa  (I),  pritioe  of  Mardin,  Hty  R06. 
canae  to  court,  with  his  daughter,   betrothed  to  the  Mirza     A.  D. 
Jbuhekr.     Mdlek  Jzzo'ddhi  Sh/r  csime  alfo  from  r<j/?^w,  with     '404- 
a  prefect  (rf  numerous  horfea.     About  the  fame  time,  the  em-  ^^j^^'f  ^^- 
peror  iflued  out  a  general  order  to  all  the  greater  and  kfler  S'd^^"- 
officers  of  the  kingdom  of  Huldku  Khdn^  refiding  in  Azerbejdn 
and  IrM  Arabiy  to  fend  each  a  brother,  or  fome  relation,  to         . 
refide  at  Samarkant :  and,  to  prevent  delay,  difpatched  officers 
to  the  refpe£live  places,  to  bring  them  away  forthwith.     In  the 
month  of  Ramazdriy  Timtir  made  a  funeral  banquet  for  the 
Prince  Mehemed  Soltdriy  in  which  the  poor  chiefly  were  regaled. 
The  ftieykhs,  doftors,  and  imams,  from  all  parts,  were  pre* 
(ent  at  thisfeaft;  where  the  iqtire  A!(?r^n/Was  r^ead  over;  and 
which  concluded  \vith  prayers  for  the  rcpofe  of  the-  mirza's 
foul.     Afterwards  the  Princefs  Kh&n  Zddeh  went  to  Solt&nlya^ 
and  conveyed  from  thence  the  mirza's  coffin  to  Scmiarkant. 

^^MURy  after  this,  took  the  diverfion  of  a  grand  hunting,  Mtma 
in  the  plains  oi  Ahtaniy  beyond  t\itArrds\  in  which,  bcfideaOmar 
dogs,  were  employed  leopards,  with  gold  chains ;  fwift  grey*  promoted. 
hounds  of  ffr^^t:/?,  and  uncommon  beagles.  But,  what  were  moft   . 
remarkable,  huge  European  mafiifs,  as  ftrong  as  Jfrican  lions, 
terrible  as  enraged  tygers,  and  fwift  as  arrows.     When  the 
chace  was  over,  the  emperor  diftributed  among  the  learned  of 
Great  BukMrla  an  infinite  number  of  curiofities,  brought  from 
Anatolia.     And  finding  there  was  nothing  in  Afia  which  he 
was  not.  mafter  of,  excepting  Chinas  he  leit  Karabagh  on  the 
8  th  of  April y  with  a  refolution  to  go  upon  the  conqueft  of  it ; 
and,  crofling  the  Arras,  encamped  near  the  town  of  Nimct^  ' 
oBadj  on  the  canal  of  Berlds.     HeYe,  at  a  great  feaft,  he  in- 
vefted  the  Mirza  Omar\  fon  of  Mirdn  Shah,  with  the  govern- 
ment of  the  empire  of  Huldk^y   containing  the  countries  of 
y^zerbejariy  Runiy  or  AnatoUay  and  Syriiiy  as  far  as'  Egypt ^    H0 
iikewife  obliged  the  princes  who  governed  Pars  and  both  the 
Ir^Sy  to  be  fubjeft  to  his  jurifdiftion  ^. 

Mean  time,   the  Mirza  Ruftem  znd.Soleyman  SMh,  whoEflindcr 
were  gone  to  Rayy  to  inquire  into  the  conduft  of  Efiarider  p^*^'f^^''l- 
Sbeyktiy  found  that  he  had  revolted ;  and,  having  placed  his 
family -in  the  fortrefe  of  Firt^zkuh,  was  fled  to  the  mountains 
Iq  ^he  forefk  of  Chelaivn  and  Rufternddr.     The  generals  here* 


s* 


»  ICft.  Tim.  Bck,  Vol,  H.  p.  328—338,  c.  13-17 


\ 


(I)  Calk4  elfewhore  Soltan  Ay/a. 


Z  3  ^«P^  T 

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Hifiory  of  tbe  Moguls  and  Tatars.       B-  VI. 

upon  drew  2000  men  out  of  the  garrifons,  and,  emertng  the 
foreft,  took  and  razed  the  fortrefs  of  Mr.   Here  M^k  KayH- 
^  marrezy  an  enemy  of  Ejkdnder^  coming  to  meet  them,  they 
fent  him  to  Ejidnder^  thinking  to  oblige  him  with  a  kind  in- 
vitation to  a  treaty  in  his  favour :  but,  not  daring  to  truft 
them,  he  accommodated  matters  with  Kayhnarrez^  and  began 
hoftilities.     On  advice  of  this,  Timitr  fent  feveral  troops  be- 
fore ;  /  and  following  himfelf ,  with  the  reft  of  the  army,  by  Ar^ 
dehil  and  Soltdniya,  arrived,  May  1 5,  at  Kajbtn ;  where,  at 
Mirza  Abubekr'%  requeft,  he  permitted  Miran  Shdb,  his  fa- 
ther, to  go  to  B&ghddd^  to  refide  there  with  him ;  and  then 
{cnt  him  to  join  Rujiem  at  Kitjur,  where  they  kept  entrenched 
till  the  arrival  of  the  army :  after  which,  they  cut  roads  through 
the  forefts,  and  marched  to  feek  the  enemy. 
Firdxkfih      The  22d,  TtmAr  came  to  ^ay ;  then  paffingby  the  caftleof 
^aken.        Ghulkend^riy  at  the  foot  of  mount  Dam^wend,  and  afterwards 
by  Damdivendf  arrived  at  FirAzMh ;  a  citadel,  famous  in  hi- 
ftory,  fitnated  on  the  ridge  of  a  mountain,  and  walled  widi 
the  utmoft  fb-ength.    The  3 ift  of  May,  the  fiege  was  formed, 
and  the  throwers  of  wild-fire  b^an  the  attack.     As  one  of  the 
^^  towers  of  the  place  was  built  on  th^  bank  of  the  river,  and 

reached  as  high  as  the  level  of  the  mountain,  at  whofe  foot  it 
ftood,  the  erieray  made  ufe  of  it,  to  draw  up  water  from  the 
river :  but  the  befiegers  turned  the  courfe  pf  the  ftream,  and 
fpoiled  the  water  which  was  left,  in  fpite  of  a  vigorous  oppo- 
iition.  During  night,  Mehemed  Jzdd,  Akbuga,  and  other  brave 
men,  got  up  to  the  foot  of  the  walls ;  who,  being  perceived 
by  the  garrifon,  were  refolutely  attacked,  and  feveral  wounded :" 
but,  after  fun-rife,  all  the  foldiers  afcended,  by  different  places, 
and  gave  a  general  afTault.  The  foa  of  Ejkdnder  Sheykhi^  go- 
vernor of  the  cafUe,  and  thofe  with  him,  being  feized  with 
fear,  though  the  garrifon  confifled  of  300  fbong  men,  furren- 
dered  the  place,  after  a  two  days  fiege. 
Kara  Ta-  Next  day,  advice  came,  that  the  Kara  Tatars  had  revolted 
tars  re  near  Damgdn,  and  wounded  almoft  to  death  their  deroga.  The 
'vo/t.  other  bands,  hearing  this,  refolved  to  fly :  but  the  Amirs  Shhnf- 
o'ddtn,  and  other  captains,  who  had  the  conduft  of  them,  faU: 
ing  on  the  mutineers^  flew  above  3000  on  the  fpot.  Scmie  were 
brought  away,  and  the  reft  fled  to  the  forefts  oiJftarabM\  bo^ 
.  being  purfued  by  way  of  Bejl&my  were  overtaken  at  Karatugan^ 
on  the  CaJJ>ian  fea,  and  defeated,  though  far  more  numerous. 
Above  1000  were  flain,  and  more  than  10,000  &milies  were 
taken  prifbners.  After  this,  7m4r  marched  in  pcrfon  againft 
Ejkander  Sheykht,  over  high  mquntains  and  deep  vallgrs,  to 
.  Chelav)ny  where  he  arrived  June  1 1 ;  but,  not  being  Ale  to 
find  the  rebel,  returned  the  fame  day.    In  tl^s  road  there  i$  a 


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very  deep  defile,  full  of  woods,  always  covered  with  mifts;. 
and  in  the  middle  runs  an  exceeding  rapid  torrent,  which  one 
can  neither  ford  nor  fwim  over,  Thi^  grekt  difficulty  there  is  ' 
in  palling  this  ftreight,  has  given  it  the  name' of  the  defile  of 
hell',  and  as  Ejkinder  had  broken  the  bridge  over  the  torrent^' 
his  purfuers  were  obliged  to  build  anothw*  of  woocf,  which 
Timtir  crofled,  and  encamped  on  the  top  of  a  mountain  be- 
yond it  *. 

Parties  being  fentout  e\^ry  way,  in  fearch  of  the  fugi-  Efcander 
tive,  one  of  them  met  with  him,  on  the  17  th  of  June^  in  the/'c/^^^*^* , 
middle  of  a  wood,  near  the  Cafpian  fea,  at  the  head  of  20a 
foot,  and  thirty  horfe,  with  which  he  fallied  out  of  his  litde 
camp,  and  prepared  to  attack  his  purfuers ;  who,  though  but 
twenty  in  number,  fearing  Timur's  reproaches,  refolved  to 
die  rather  than  fly.  Ejidnder,  followed  by  his  horfemen,  at- 
tacked them  feveral  times  with  their  pikes :  but  the  Jagatays 
fo  plied  him,  that  he  at  length  fhamefuUy  turned  his  back, 
though  famed  for  intrepidity,  and  fled,  with  his  foldiers,  far- 
ther into  the  foreft.  They  pillaged  bis  camp ;  and^  next  morn- 
ing, m,et  with  his  fou^  the  Atnir  JB,  and  daughter,  his  wives, 
aad  dpmeftics,  who  were  ajl  made  flaves.  The  fcout«,  being 
joined  by  the  Mirza  Soltdn  Huffayn^  and  feventy  men,  conti-.  - 
nued  the  purfuit  ofEjkdnder;  and  meeting  him,  about  noQn, 
in  the  midft  of  the  foreft,  with  200  foot,  and  fifty  horfe,  fell 
furioufly  upon  him  j  then  retreated,  as  if  he  would  have  fled. 
The  enemy,  upon  this,  boldlj  fallied  out  to  attack  his  men  ? 
i)ut  they  turned  on  them  fuddenly,  in  good  order,  and  made  a 
^rud  flaughter  of  the  foot.  Two  of  the  horfemen  were  taken 
prifoners ;  and  Ejiander,  re-^nteriog  the  f(jreft,  went  out  by 
the  iide  towards  Childn ;  nor  was  ever  heard  of  more :  although 
feme  fay,  hie  took  the  hi^bit  pf  a  monk :  others,  that  he  died 
for  grief  in  the  woods. 

The  amirs  being  all  returned  to  the  cs^mp,  Timur  reproved  TimArrr- 
them  for  not  continuing  the  purfuit,  and  fent  them  back  again  turfu 
on  the  fame  errand :  but,  on  advice  that  they  could  not  ei^- 
^amp  in  the  woods,  which  the  rains  had  made  exceeding  miiy, 
he  fent  orders  fpr  them  to  return,  after  they  had  fufficiently 
fatigued  themfelvcs.  Then  Timur  marched  to  jthe  caftle  of 
Harjiy  towards  Gb'ilan^  and  from  thence  to  tl;ie  meadow  of 
Kelare  D^Jht,  Aft^r  he  had  fent  the  mirzas  to  their  refpeftive 
governments,  he  departed  for  Samarkant.  In  a  few  days,  he 
came  to  the  kioftik,  or  pavilion,  of  Jr^^n  Khdriy  ^t  the  foot  of 
mount  Damdwend,  in  the  country  of  Ur;  and  Jufy  loth, 
encamped  at  Firfizk0^  the  government  of  which,  and  Ri2yf 

' »  HiA.  Tim.  Bck,  Vol.  II.  p.  33^— 347»  <^'  17^2^- 

Z  4  ^vlt^^ 


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Hipry  of  the  Moguls  and  Tatars.       B:  VI. 

with  their  dependeacies,  he  l^ft  with  the  Amir  Soleymcin  Sbah^ 
The  14th,  he  arrived  at  Beftam.     The  20th,  left  Nijbabur% 
'  and  paffing  ^..w,  came  to  the  river  J&Hjeran.     From  hence, 
^by  KeHan,  he  went  to  the  river  Morgah\  where  Jpaktdlpa^ 
governor  of  ShifhcktUy   was,   for  opprefling  the  iohabitantSi^ 
hanged,  with  his  head  downwards,  after  having  had  his  feer 
tOred  through. 
/a,Samar-      Then  contintiing  liis  route  by  Jndti4d,  the  defile  of  Ghez^ 
kant.        and  J!iab<J,  he  at  length  eroded  the  Jihun  (or  Jm^)  at  Ter^ 
med,  and  came  to  Kajd.    From  whence  he  made  foch  haftc  ta 
Samarianty  that  the  principal  perfojis  had  not  an  opportunity 
to  proceed  far  to  meet  him.     He  arrived  there  in  Mohaihtem 
Hcj.  807.  S07.     Soon  after,  MaJfaUd  Dawd^  and  Mehemed  Jilde^  who 
A.  p.    had  been  the  principal  fecretaries,  ^nd,  during  Tirk^r*s  ab- 
1404,     fenge,  performed  the  funftion  of  waZiVs,  w  cf e  condetoined,  for* 
J^^/'     doing  inji^ftice ;  and  both  hanged,  by  his  oj-cfer,  at  Khdni  Cbeul^ 
during  the  banqutt  there.    'Afterwards,  Ttm^r  went  to  th^ 
garden  of  f  lanes,  where  he  gave  audience  to  an  amballador  of 
JdM,  Emperor  of  Kipjak^  who  prefented*  him  with  a  {honki^-^ 
He  next  vifited  the  ^rden  Of  Dilen  Shah,  where  he  received  atf 
ambaflador  froiti  one  of  the  ^reateft  fovei*eigns  of  Europe  (K), 
who  made  hiih  feveral  curious  and  magnificent  prefents ;  par- 
ticularly, fome  pieces  of  tapiftry,  wrought  w^th  fo  much  art, 
that,  were  the  great  performances  of  the  painter  Mani,  on  the 
cloth  of  Artene,  to  be  compared  with  them^^  Mani  wpukl  bluflx» 
iud  his  works  appear  deformed  ^  (L),   ' 
Mngntfi'        After  this,.  Timur  ordered  a  palace  to  be  built  by  the 
am  fa-     Syrian  architefts,  Jn  the  garden  fouth  of  Bhghu  Shamdl,  most 
l^e,  jjarge  and  magnificent  than  ^ny  he  had  founded  before*    It  wa4 

tL  fquare,  each  fide  being  1500  cubits  in  length.     Thedilftf 
Ornaments  '^^t  of  m^ble,^  in  fedptu^e,  4nd  yil^.  work  0^ 

^  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  Vol.  II.  p.  347rr-357.  e.  ?i— ?4r 

(K)  This,  dovbtiefs,  was  J^  But  this  appears  to  be  falfe  11^ 

GonzaUs   de.   C/aqjiJo,    fent    by  fadj  and  alio  {he\ys  the  ambat 

\HfnryUI,  y^]Y\g  ot  CaJIiie.    He  fad  or  had  left  Samarkant^  zai 

let  out  21  Mtzy  1403,  and  re-  pbcained  his  audience.   For  ha^ 

tnrned  to  *^pain  24  March  1406.  he  been  at  Samarkant  (as  be  }n- 

Jle  mentions  the  feall  made  by  timates)  when  Timur  died,  be 

Timur,  on  the  marriage  of  his  muf!    have   kqown    that   ccb* 

children,  and  to  which  he  was  queror  did  not  die  in  that  city^ 

invited :  but  not  a  word  of  hi«  See  la  Coix,   pref.  to  Timitt 

audience  of  leave,  an4  the  rich  ^^i,  for  an  account  of  this  cmt 

prefents  he  received,     pn  the  bafiy. 

contrary,  he  aflure3  lis,  he  never         (L)  This  is  doing  grttat  ho- 

had  one  ;    becaufe  Timiir  died  nowr  to  European  manuiiadures. 
about  that  time,  at  ^/?»/<7r^^.7f. 

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Cs^*,  the  Reign  of 'l^tti^v1S^^\ 

various  colours.     The  outfide  of  the  walls  wa?  covertd'\v!tH 

pbrceiaiti  oi  Kajbihy  and  tfie  fouhtains,  wer^  beautified  with 

infinite  jet  d'eaus  of  f^veral  forms.     The  Emperor  fbleninized'^ 

the  fiftifhingf  6f  it  wi^h  a*  fpl^ndid  l^ariqueti  to  which  the  Eu^ 

foptah  atobafladors  w<re  invited  '>fyr  the  ka,]feu  lays  oqr  authoVi. 

huvt  atfo  their  j>ldce  in  th^fea  (M),  -  , 

'tIMUR  reiblvlng,  before  he  made*  his  irftended  expedition^  Kind  of 
to  Chinay  to  m^rry  his  grandchildren,  ordered  a  grand  fe'aily«?^^'^^f 
to  be  mad^,  in  the  plain  of  Kh$ni  Gheul  (N),  whither  he  wen|" 
to  lodgci,  on  the  1 7  th  of  QEioberl   The  governors  of  orovinces, 
generals,  and  great  lords*  of  the  6mpire,    aflembliea  in  this'. 
place,  and  pitched  their  tents  in  order.     People  from  all  partsi 
of  JJia  repaired,  to  behold  this  folemji  rejoicing  5  where  all 
ibtts  of  diverfions  were  exhibited,  and  the  richeft  curiofrti^si"' 
ibid,  in  magnificent  fhops.     Th^re  was  built"  a  charfaky  of 
Itophitheatre,  covered  with  brocade  and  Ferjian  carpets,  fur-^ 
Hlfhed  with  feats  for  the  mufic,  and  places  for  the  buffoons* 
^d  jefters,  to  fhew  their  fkill.     There  was  another  chartak* 
lot  all  forts  of  tradeftneii,  and  100  of  a  different  manner,  ffllef  . 
"^itk  thofe  who  fold  fruit,  each  of  whorii  Had  a' kind  of  gar- 
4eii,  of  piftachio$,  pomegranates,  almoiids,  pears,  arid  apples* 
The  butchers  drefled  up  fldris  of  animals  in  very  ludjcrous" 
^gures.     Women  imitated  fpeaking  goats;  with  horns  of  gold^     - 
and  ran  after  one  another.     Some  were  drefled  Hke  fairies  and 
jingels,  with  v^ings ;  whilft  others  affum^d  the  appearance  of 
^ephants  and  fheep- 

The  fkinners  alfo  appeared  m  mafquerades,  like  leopards^  Feafl^  ani 
Jons,  tygers,  foxes,  with  whofe  {kins  they  were  covered^  <*^«^^» 
The  upholders  made  a  camel  of  wood,  reeds,  coWs,  ana 
fainted  linen,  which  walked  about,  as  if  alive ;  and  the  mad 
within' it,  drawing  a  curtain,  difcovered  the  workman  in  His 
^wn'  piece.  The  manuf^fturers  of  cotton  made  birds  of  cot- 
ton, arid  a  high  minareh,  qr  tower,  of  the  fame  material,  with 
the  help  of  reeds,  which  every  body  imagined  to  be  built  witSi 
brick  and  mortar.  It  was  covered  with  brocades  and  em-, 
broidered  work,  carried  itfelf* about,  and  on  its  top  was  placed! 
^  ftork.  The  faddiefs  (hewed  their  Ikill  in  two  litters,  opeii  • 
fit  top,  carried  on  a  camel,  with 'a  beautiful  woman  in  each> 
who  diverted  the  fpeftator^  by  aftiohs  with  their  hands  and 
feet-  The  mat-makers  gave  a  proof  of  their  dexterity,  by  two 
liiTes  of  writing,  in  Kujik^  a^d  Qtli^r  larg^  ^^laradi^rs,  worked 
Vithre^ds,  .  ,     ^ 

(M)  This  fef m$  to  be  fpoken  corn,  which  is  feen  on  the  fur* 

^ith  great  contempt  ^of_the  am-  face  of  the  fca.     La  Ctoix. 
\jafiauors :  for  the  kafs  i§  a  little        (  N  )    That  is,    a  mine  pf 

anilna),  ^e  iizq  of  a  barley-  flpwcrs, 

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Hijfory.c/iic  Moguls  and  Tutzrs.       B.Vl 

Thus  every  one  contributed  to  celebrate  the  marriage  of 
the  young  princes,  who  were  the  Mirzas  Ol^k  Bek  and  Ibrahim 
Soltdn,  fpns  of  Skdi  MM;  Jyjel,  fon  of  Mirdn  Sh&h\  Ji- 
Princes  ^^j^  Seydi  Jkrjud,  and  BUrd^  all  three  fons  of  the  MIrza  Omar 
marrkd.  Sheykh.  The  aftrologers  having  chofen  a  happy  moment,  the 
firft  officer  of  the  houftiold  drew  the  curtain  of  the  imperial 
gate.  The  kadi's,  iharifs,  imams,  and  doftors,  of  the  em* 
pire  met  the  emperor ;  and  having  agreed  on  the  articles  (^ 
marriage,  the  great  doftor  SheyUi  Shamfo'ddin  Mehemed  al 
Jfazdri  was  pitched  on  to  read  them  to  the  aflcmbly.  The 
grand  kidii  of  Samarkant,  MUldna  Salaho'ddin^  received  the 
mutual  confcnt  of  *the  parties,  which  he  regiftred ;  and  then, 
according  to  the  Hanafiyan  rites,  joined  the  princes  and 
princcfles  together  in  marriagp  j  on  whom  every  one  iprinklcd 
gold  and  precious  ftoncs  ^ 
Cnat  The  emperor  being  feated  on  his  throng,  the  banquet  was 

magnlfi'  ferved  up  to  the  brides,  and  other  ladies  oi  the  court,  by  the 
c$nc$  mod  beautiful  young  women  of  his  faray,  who  had  on  crowns 
compofed  of  flowers.  The  princes  of  the  blood,  amirs^  ne- 
vians  (or  n^yans),  fharifs,  and  foreign  ambailadors,  were 
feated  under  a  canopy,  fupported  by  twelve  coluoms,  *nd  di- 
ftant  about  a  horfe*s  courfe  from  the  nuptial-hall,  Here  were 
longed  earthen  urns,  with  ftrings  of  precious  (tones  about 
thefn,  filled  with  gold,  andfilver  pilaftres,  on  the  tops  whereof 
were  cups  of  gold,  agiate,  and  cryftal,  adorned  with  pearls  and 
jcwds  e  all  which  veffels  were  prefented  on  falvers  of  gold  and 
lilver,  to  thofe  who  drank ;  tJie  liquors  being  kammez  (0), 
oxymel,  hippocras,  brandy,  wines,  firma,  ^nd  the  like.  It  is 
reported,  that  the  wood  of  feveral  large  forefts  was  cut  down, 
in  thi  to  drefs  the  viftuals  for  this  banquet.  There  wer^  tables  fur- 
ftafi^  nilhed  in  different  places  throughout  the  whole  pl^in,  and 
flaggons  of  wine  fet  near  them,  with  infinite  balkets  of  fruit. 
Bcfides  thefe  preparations  for  the  court,  there  were  jars  full 
of  liquors,  ranged  all  through  the  plain,  for  the  people's  drink- 
ing :  and,  that  their  joy  might  be  complete,,  they  were  allowed 
to  purfue  whatever  pleafures  they  thought  fit,  without  any  re- 
ftraint,  by  proclamjition,  in  thefe  terms;  "  This  is  th^  time 
"  of  feafling,  pleafure,  and  rejoicing.  Let  no  perfpn  repri- 
"  mand,  or  cqmplain  of,  anoth^ :  let  npt  the  rich  infult  the 
*'  poor ;  nor  the  flrong  the  weak :  let  no  one  af^  another, 
*  '*  Why  have  you  done  this  \  ". 

^  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  Vol.  H.  p.  357—364,  c.  24—26. 

(O)  Or  kemis,  made  of  marcs  milk.     See  before.   Vol.  IV. 
.  r  3®2.  .  ^      ^         • 

The 

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C,  5t  TbeR^igncfrimtu:B<k: 

Th^  elephants,  w}th  thrones  on  thdr  backs,  were  ir%\yn 
out  on  this  occafiph.     When  the  feaft  was  over,  a  vaft  quan- 
tity pf  curious  moveable  goods  was,  according  to  cuftom,  laid  '       .    , 
upon  mules  and  camels,  for  the  n^w-married  princes ;  among  ^"^  ^i^'' 
which  were  all  forts  of  rich  habits,   ^owns,  and  hefts,  fet/^IJ'>  ^f 
with  precious  fliohes.     The  mules  had  coverings  of  fattin,  erp-^ . 
brbidered  with  gold  :  and  their  little  bells,  ^s  well  as  thofc  of 
the  camels,  were  of  gbld.     This  pompous  equipage  pafled  be- 
fore the  admiring  people.  •  The  bridegroQms,  with  their  brides, 
yrere  clothed  nine  times  in  different  habit$^  iS^t  pff  witl^  crowns . 
and  belts.    Each  tim^  they  changed  their  dr^fs,  th^y  paid  th^}r  thi  m^ 
refpefts,  as  ufual,  tp  the  emperor ;  while  the  ground  was  co-  ried 
vered  with  the  gold,  pearls,  and  precious  ftones,  whiiq^^  were /r/W 4. 
Iprinkled  on  them,    and  became  the  perquifite  of  their  do- 
•iheftics.     At  night,  illuminations  were  made,*  with  l^nthoms., 
torches,  and  lamps;  and  the  new-married  princes  entered  the 
i}uptial-chamber.     Next  day,  77m«r  honoured  them  with  jv 
vilit  at  their  refpeftive  apartments,  accompanied  by  the  em- 
prefles,  great  amirs  and  fharifs  of  the  court.     Nor  w^re  the 
rejoicings  confined  to  Khdni  Ghent:  for  there  was  not  one  placq, 
in  th4 'whole  empire,  from  theike  to  TKj  (or  MaJbhM)^  in 
Khoraffariy  where  the  found  pf  drums  ^qd  trumpets  was  no^ 
hekrd.  .  • 

The  marriage-feafts  lafled  two  months ;  after  which,  the 
adembly  was  diflblved,  and  the  licence  which  had  been  granted 
during  the  feaft  recalled :  fo  that,  for  the  ftiture,  no  perfoi^ 
was  allowed  to  drink  wine,  or  commit  any  thing  unlawful. 
After,  this,  Timur  retired  to  his  clofet;  where  *'  he  thanked 
**  God  for  his  favours,  in'raifing  him,  from  a  petty  prince,  tp 
f *  be  the  mofl  migh^  nionarch  in  the  world  :  in  giving  him 
f*  fo  many  viftories  and  conquefts;  maintairiing  him  in  fovc- 
^*  reign  authority,,  apd  making  him  his  chofen  fervant.** 

TIMUR^  having  taken  a  (hort  repofe,  refolved  to  put  in  fbe  nuem 
execution  his  defign  againft  China.    To  this  end,  he  fummoned  ofQYi\s^9, 
the  mtrzas  and  great  amirs  of  his  council  to  court ;  and  made 
f  fpeech,  whierein  he  told  them,  his  dear  companions,  ^  he 
failed  them,  "  That  as  the  vaft  conquefts  he  had  made  were 
**  not  obtained  without  fojne  violence,  which  had  occafioned 
"  the  deftriiftipn  of  a  great  number  of  God*s  creatures,  he 
"  was  refolved,  by  way  of  atonement  for  his  paft  crimes,  to' 
f  *  perform  fome  good  aftion ;  namely,  to  make  war  on  the 
f  *  infidels,  and  exterminate  the  idolaters  of  China  (P) :  that  it 

^*  waji 

(P)  He  intended  to  atone  for  9f  his  ^e^tiu-es  :  to  atone  fof 
the  deftriidion  of  God's  crea-  one  crime,  by  committing  ai^* 
t«re9>  by  ft  farther  deilrudUon    other.  Koc  only  the  Chineje  ido« 

*        '        Utcr» 


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Hifiory  of  /Aif  Moguls  and  Tatars.       B.  VI/ 

was  fitting  thofe  very  troops,  which- had  been  the  inftru- 
ments  whereby  thofe  fatilts  were  committed,  fliould  alfo  be 
the  inftruments  of  repentance ;  he  therefore  required,  that 
"  they  fliould  march  into  Chinay  to  acquire  the  merit  of  that. 
•*  holy  war,  by  dcmolifhinc  the  temples  of  the  idols  of  fire, 
♦'  and  ereftiog  mofks  in  their  place$." 
fffilved  in  The  council.having  approved  of  this  pious  expedition,  orders 
fmncif^  were  immediately  iflbed  for  aflembling  the  forces  erf  the  empire 
ztTdJbkunty  which  was  to  be  the  general  rendezvous  of  the 
army.  Tim&r  then  went  from  Khdni  Gheul  to  Sdmarkant ; 
where  having  done  particular  honours  to  the  ambaflador  of 
Egypt y  he  gave  him  leave  to  depart ;  (ending  with  him  an  am^ 
bafTador  of  his  own,  with  a  letter  to  Soltan  Tarnq^  feventy 
cubits  long,  and  three  in  breadth,  written  in  letters  of  gold, 
in  anfwer  to  what  that  foltaa  had  written,  relating  to  Solfia. 
Ahmed  and  Kara  Tufsf,  He  likewife  granted  particular  ho- 
jrours  and  favours  to  the  ambafladors  oi  Europe  (Q^y,  Dajbt 
Kipjdky  Jetahy  and  other  parts,  ^nd  permitted  them  to  return 
liome.  He  gave  the  Mirza  Omar  Bek  the  government  of  "the^ 
tDwns  of  Td/hkunty,  Sayrdrrif  Tenghiy  Jjbira,  and  all  the  king- 
dom of  Jet&h,  as  far  as  China  :  likewife  to  the  Mirza  Ibrgl^ 
Soltin^  xhaxqi  Andekhdn^  Jkfiket,  Taraz,  2iXi<iKaJbgar/2isidj> 
tL%Kotan^^ 
Timftr  Whfn  the  troops  were  affembled,  the  Amir  BerendSk  re*, 

JtH  out.  viewed  them,  by  Timor's  order ;  and  brought  account,  that 
there  were  hi  the  army,  which  4ie  defigned  to  carrylnto  Chinot. 
100,000  men  complete, ,  confifting  of  the  forces  of  Greal  Buh 
hMdy  Turkefldn,  B&ik,  Badakfban\  Khorajpin,  SiJ&n,  -Ma^ 
thndcr&n^  the  Kara  Tatar $y  with  the  colonies  frotfn  Ptrs^  Azer-^ 
hejan^  and  Irak,  The  emperor  was  pleafed  with  the  good  con«» 
dition  they  were  in ;  and,  having  diftributed  his  treafum 
among  them,  commanded  them  to  begin  their  march.  The 
Mirzas  Katil  Soltin  and  Ahmed  On\ar  Sheykh^ '  with  the  troops 
of   the  right-wing,    were  ordered   to  pafs   the  winter,  at 

^'.Hlft.  Tim,  Bek,  VoMI.  p,  364^37?.  c.  ^6,  &feq. 

laters  were  to  be  rooted  out,  but  dienc^  of  leave  of  TVWr,  who 
atfo  thofe  who  were  not  idor  was  reported  to  have  been  ver/ 
feters,  under  the  n^me  of  infi-  fick;  whence,  in  the  5^/iw}^  re- 
dds, lation,  he  is  faid,  through  mif- 
(Q)  The  Spanijb  wnbafla-  take,  to  have  been  dead.  La 
dors,  whom  we  have  mentioned  Croix* — This  fcems  to  be  a  pal- 
in  the  preface,  were  difmifled  liation:  Ti^niir  died  zt  ptrar\ 
^t  the  fame  time  as  thofe  of  and  it  docs  not  appear  thathq 
(^ff,  without  obtaining  an  ^u*  .  w^s  {\(;\inxSamariafft. 


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•C  5*  The  Riign  of  Tm^t  Bck- 

Tqfhkunty  Slnihrukhtya  (R),  and  Say  ram;  while' the  Mirza 
Soltdn  Hujfayn  was  to  remain,  with  fome  troops  of  the  left- 
"wiog,  at  T^i  and  Sabrdn.  At  length  Timiir  fet  out  froni  Sa-, 
markanty  the  23  of  Jomazio'lawel,  in  807,  in  a  happy  mo' 
ment  fixed  by  the  aftrologers  (*) ;  and  although  the  rains,  fnows, 
wind,  and  cold,  were  extremely  violent,  yet  he  continued  his-JanuaryS* 
inarch  to  Akfulat^  where  cottages  and  houjScs  had  been  bulk 
to  lodge  in.  Here  the  emperor  being  informed,  that  the  Mirza 
Kaltl  Soltan  had,  a  fecond  time,  concealed,  in  his  apartment, 
Sh&di  Midky  pjie  of  the  concubines  of  the  Amir  Sayfo'ddin, 
Whom  he  had  xt^uried  for  love,  he  ordered  her  to  be  put 
to  death :  bu^  by  means  of  the  great  emprefs,  it  beijpg  p^p- 
tend^  (he  was  with  child,  the  loroer  was  countermaaded,  apd 
the  lady  committed  to  the  care  of  the  black  eunuchs  (S). 

TIMUR  took  Tucb  care  with  regard,  to  prQvifion  axid  arm?,  Arrh/astf 
that  every  horfeman  had  enough  of  l)oth  to  fervc  ten  4Ja^fL  Ouii* 
Befidcs  this,  feveral  thoufand  loads  of  com  wefc  parried Jq 
^'aggons,  to  fow  the  fields  on  their  road,  to  fupply  thwi.iia 
their  return.    .Several  thousands .  of  camels  alfo  w^ce  in  the 
train,  that,  on  preffing  occafions,  tieir  milk  might  fcrve,  ft)r 
ixourHbinent  to  the  ioldiers.     Thefe^p^mutions  were  aeceflkry 
in  an  army  fo^numerous,  as  not  to  be  matched  in  antiquity  (X)* 
Although  the  cpld  was  fo  extreme,  that  feveral  men  and  horfes 
periflhcd  on  the  road,  fonje  lofmg  their  hands  and  feet,  othors 
their  cslts  and  nofcs,  yet  Timurkt  for^yard  from  Akfill^t,  god 
croflj^  the  SikHn  (or  Sir),  .ovjsr  the  ice,  at  Zarn^k,  Fehruary    • 
27th,*  arrived  at  Oirhr.     This,  river  was  frozen  fo  hai*d,  that 
tb^  wjerc  obliged  to  dig  twp  or  three  cubits  to  .get  water : 
3ind,  .during  the  .months  of  Jarvmry-^vA.  February y  waggoQs,    •      •  * 
men,  ^dlpeafts,  could .pafs  either  the  Jih^n  or  SiMrij' in  any  . 
part  of  them.     The  fame. day,  one  corner  of  the  roof  of  the  Jboii 
palace  where  the  emperor  lodged  took  fire,  by  means  of,  ^  omen* 
chimney ;  which  acj:iaent  was  confidered  by  the  courtiers,  who 
before  had  been  feared  with  frightful  dreams,  gs  a  prognoflic 
of  fome  misfortune  to  his  majefty  % 

^  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  Vol.  II.  p.  372—380,  c.  ly^ig. 

(R)   This  place,   formerly        (*)    Who  could  not  foreffse 
called    FefMkuttty    was  intirely  bis  death. 
ruined  by  Jenghi%  Khans  army ;         (S)   To  prevent  the  mirza's 
but,  in  the  vcar  794  of  the  He-  having   any   futu^^e    commerce 
jrah,  and'of  Chrift  1302,  TViwwr  with  her.  ,    , 
ordered  itto  be  rebuilt,  and  re-         ( T)  Then  it  mull  have  con- 
peopled  :'  and,  as  he  then  gave  iVftedof  more  than  200,000  men. 
It  to  the  Mirza  Shah  Rukh,  it  Nay,  Tmnr  himfelf  had  more 
was  called  after  him  Sbdhrikhiya,  numerous  armies  at  other  tinier 
^hanfoddin, 

Ar'  ' 

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jtpfoints 


ntfJi^ 


anJiSts* 


Hiftory  of  the  Moguls  and  Tatars.       B.  VI. 

At  this  time,  an  ambaflador  arrived  from  Tokatmtjb  Khan, 
formerly  emperor  of  Kipj&k,  who  had,  for  a  long  time,  wan- 
dered as  t  vagabond  in  the  defart^  of  that  country,  confeffing 
his  mailer's  ingratitude,  and  imploring  forgivenefs.  Timur 
not  only  gave  Kara  Koja  a  magnificent  audience,  but  alTured 
him  he  would,  at  his  return  from  Chinas  again  conquer  the 
empire  of  Tujbi  Khan,  arid  give  it  to  ToUtndJb.  The  25th  of 
March,  his  majefty  was  attacked  with  a  burning  fever^  and 
believed  he  heard  the  hiiris  fay,  Repent !  for  you  muji  appear 
brfore  God.  On  this,  he  became  fincerdy  penitent  for  his 
crimes,  and  refolved  to  make  fatirfaftion  for  them,  by  good 
works.  Although  his  ficknefs  daily  increafed,  yet  he  was  con- 
tintially  inquiring  after  the  cohdition  of  his  army.  '  When  he 
found  death  approaching,  he  fent  for  the  emprefles,  and  prin- 
cipal amfrs.  **  He  hid  them  not  weep,  but  pray,  for  him. 
**  Said,  he  had  hopes  God  would  pardon  his  fins,  though 
**  ntimberlefs;  and  had  this  confolation,  that  he  had  never 
**  fufFered  the  ftrong  to  injure  the  weak.  He  ejthorted  them 
**  to  procure  eafe  and  fafety  to  the  people,  as  an  account  wotild 
**  berequireH  of  all  Jp  power,  at  the  day  of  judgment."  He 
then  declared  hi^JSr  P£r  Mehethed  Jeh&n  Ghtr  his  univer&I 
heir,  and  lawful  fuccefTor ;  commanding  them  all  to  obey  him, 
and  facrifice  their  lives  to  maintain  his  authority.  After  this, 
he  ordered  all  the  amirs,  great  lords  of  the  court,  and  generals, 
to  come  before  him,  and  made  them  fwear  to  fee  his  will  exe- 
cuted, and  to  fuffer  none  to  oppofe  it.  He  commanded  that 
all  thofe  who  were  abfent  fhduld  take  the  fame  oath. 

The  lords  burft  in*  tears,  and  promifed  to  fulfil  his  tefta- 
ment.  They  propofed  fending  for  the  Mirza  Soltan  and  amirs 
at  T&fhkunty  that  they  might  hear  his  majefty*8  will  from  his 
own  mouth ;  alleging,  that  their  declaration  could  not  have 
the  fame  force  with  them.  But  Timur  forbad  it,  as  they  could 
not  come  time  enough  to  find  him  alive ;  and  faid,  he  had  no 
other  defire  than  to  fee  the  Mirza  Shah  Mkh  once  more  5  but 
that  it  was  impofSble.  After  recommending  the  obfervance  of 
his  will,  and  the  avoiding  of  difcord,  to  the  princes  his  child- 
ren, he  ordered  ode  of  the'  doftors  to  read  the  Kor&n  at  his 
bed's-head,  and  oft?n  repeat  the  unity  of  God.  At  ni^t 
(about  eight  o'clock),  he  feveral  times  made  profeffion  of  his 
belief,  That  there  is  no  other  god  than  God',  and  then  gave  up 
his  foul  to  the  Angel  Efrajiel  (or  Ifrael),  on  the  17th  oi  Shor 
idn  807  (U),  after  he  had  lived  feventy-one  years,  and  rdgncd 
thirty-fix*". 

f  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  Vol.  II.  p.  380—3^7,  c.  29—31. 
(U)  Which  anfwcrs  to  Wednefday  the  I  ft  of  April  1405. 

rmvn 

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C.  5-  ^^^  R^^S^  ^f  Tim6r  Bek; 

TIMUR  was  remarkable  for  his  fincerc  piety,  great*  vene- 
ration for  religion^  ftria  juftice,  and  unbounded  liberality; 
which  have  been  fufEciently  exemplified  in  the  foregoing  hi- ' 
flory.  As  to  his  birth,  his  ninth  grandfather  was  Tumena  ^"•^^«- 
Khdn^  of  the  race  of  Buzenjer  Khan^  chief  of  a  branch  of  ^^^^^ 
the  tribe  of  Kayat  (X),  defcended  from  Turk  the  fon  of  7^- 
phet.  Ho>vever,  the  Amh*  Tr'agdy,  his  father,  as  \Vell  as  his 
grandfather  the  Amtr  Berkulk,  had  abdicated  the  kingdom,  and 
left  the  government  of  the  principality  of  K4/b,  which  they 
had  preferved,  with  the  tbman  of  ib,odo  men  annexed  there* 
to,  to  the  children  of  their  uncles,  of  the  family  of  BerM^  : 
fo  that  TimUr  Bek  may  be  faid  to  have  brought  the  crown  into 
this  auguft  family,  he  beibg  the  firft  emperor  of  it.  At  the 
age  of  twenty-fire,  he  attained  the  higheft  dignities,  with  fur- 
prizing  courage,  and  an  ambition  admired  by  all  the  world. 
Endeavouring  to  perfeft  the  great  talents  which  he  had  received  .  - 
from  nature,  he  fpent  nine  years,in  different  countries :  whet« 
his  good  fenfe,  and  great  genius,  appeared  in  councils  and  af- 
femblies ;  while  his  intrepidity  and  valour,  whether  in  per- 
fonal  combats  or  pitched  battles,  drew  upon  him  the  admira- 
tion of  every-bddy. 

He  made  himfelf  mafter  of  the  three  empires  of  Jagatdy  Power  and 
Khitn,  Tiijbi  Khdn,  and  miM  Khdn  (Y) ;  fo  that  his  power,  condu^. 
riches,  and  magnificence,  were  greater  than  what  we  read  of 
other  monarchs  (Z),  or  even  thin'  can  well  be  imagined.  But 
the  chief  proof  of  his  power  "^as,  whatever  kingdom  he  madc^ 
war  upon,  he  foon  eonquered  it,  and  gave  the  government  to 
(bme  of  his  children  and  officers  (A) ;  not  afting  like  antient 
conquerors,  who  were  contented  with  thofe  tokens  of  fubmif- 
'  fion  which  vanquifhed  princes  might  make  by  the  payment  of 
a  tribute.  Qnc  thing  farther  remarkable  in  this  monarch's  coft- 
duft  was,  that,  although  he  obferved  the  wholfome  maxim  of 
holding  dyets,  yet  he  never  folely  confided  in  them;  butcon- 
ftantly  did  what  his  own  genius  infpired  in  him.  He  could 
not  be  fhaken  in  his  refolutions  ;  and  had  the  policy  to  be  pre- 

(X)  JengMz,  Khan  was  de-  mur  did  much  ;  for  he  carried 
fcendcd  from  the  fame  tribe.  See  his  conquefts  to  the  river  Ganges 
before;  Vol.  IV.  p.  324,  &  fcq.       ih  the  eaft,  and  the  Archipelago 

(Y)  That  is,  three  parts  of  in  the  weft, 
the  empire  of  Jenghix,  Khan  ;  (Z)  Thi$  fcems  to  be  aimied 
which,  all  defcended  to  Oktayy  z,t  Jenghiz. Khan :  hutTimurwsi$ 
who  reigned  in  the  caftern  part  not  equal  to  that  cQnqueror  in 
of  Tartary,  and  whofe  fucceifors  thofe  refpedls,  or  perhaps  atiy 
conquered  China  5  of  whom,  for    other. 

a  rime,  thofe  of  the  other  three        (A)  In  this  he  did  but  imitate 
parts  held  their  dominions,   TV-  .  Jenghis,  Kkdn. 

'      ■    ^  Hent 


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mjii^  tftbe  Hognh  Md  Tat3r%.        B.VI. 

fent>t  thecx^cutioQ  of  -his  mod  important  cnterprifes,  whether 
they  concerned  the  ftat€,  or  religion  :  but,  in  peace  and  War# 
he  would  put  forward  every  thing  hiipfelf. 

There  ^rfmain  infinite  monuments  of  his  grandeur  In  tl^e 

cities,  towns,  ^caftles,  and  walls',  which  he  built;  in  rivers  and 

canals  which  he  dug*;  as  well  as  bridges^  gardens^  palaces,  ho* 

^fpitals,  mofks,.and  monafteries,  ^yhich  he  cre<^ed  in  divers  parts 

,of  j^fia  in  (o  gre^t  a  number,  that  a  king  might  be  accounted 

vecy , powerful  and  magnificent,  who  fliould  haye  employ^ 

thirty -fix  years  only  Jn  building  the  great  edifices  which  Tim^r 

^caufed  to^b^  founde4.     Are  not  all  the  kacawanferays  in  tfic 

^reat  roads  of  Jfia,  for  the  accommodation  of  travellers;  rijc 

.magnificent  monafteries  and  holpitals,'  frojn  which  the  po«-, 

the  fick,  and  paflengers,  r^  fo  great  advantage  by  the  aln^ 

4iftributed  there;  the  good  works  of  this  piQus*emp^i:or&? 

Vis  pit/on.      This  charafter  of  Tiinur^  .given  by  his  jiiftorianr^^ir^i^V- 

,  din  My  is  i:Qnfirin^d  by  his  enemy  Jrabjh0i  -syith  circjMpftanpps 

tWhich  give  i;s  a^nxuch  greater  idea  pf  that  priace,  than  whft 

Jiis  pr-ofefled  friend  and  -flatterer  has  faid  of  him.     72r««r,  ac- 

"  cording  to  that  j^utjapr,  vf^s,  as  t(^  his  perfon>  veQT  i:9g>ulqi^ 

tall,  and  exceeding -fat,  but  very  well-fhaped.     Ilelv^da  jlaise 

^     forehead, ^a^d- Ipjg.  he^d. -,Hiscpuoteaapce  was, gpO(f;  airfhis 

.complexion  f^ir,   very,  ruddy,   and  not  at  all*  fwarthy.'   -|fc 

.  wore,a  Jarge .  l)eard  (?) ;  was  yqy  Arpng,  and,w#-Uinbcd: 

.had  broad  (boulders,  thickfinge^s,  a^d  loqg  legs/  JBis^cc^ 

^iUtpition  was  perfeSIy  bale  : ,  t)ut  .fee  >yas.jmaimed inx>pe.  hawl, 

'^andjamepf  the  right  fide     His^eycs  ^pbeafcd  JFuU  oF.fi^ 

,jbut  \vere  not  very  brifl^.  \FfIs  voice  was  ioud*  aad  |uerdng. 

;He,.f^red  ..nothing  ;^,and,,altho'  .^n^  foyrfcore.'ycafs/of  age, 

iiis  underOanding  was  found  ^naj.jperfeft,  hisJhody  vigorous 

and.  i-obuft ;  his  mind  conftant,  .an4  unfliakox  lifee  a,  roqlc. 

Prudenci       He  did, not  like  raillery,  and  could  not  bear  ^  lye.  TJh^e.iyis 

ondfaga-  ^o  joking  or  fopUng  before  him ;  for  he  loved  the  uakca  tniOi, 

<^^*^    '    eten  altho'  it  was  to  his  own  di&dvantage.  Hc.ncither  grieviS, 

'      if  he  mifcarrie4  in  any  attetppt ;  nor  apipeari^d  ovcnoyci  ipo 

any  good  fuccefe.  The  devide  of  his  feal  was,  lamjmcere  aiid 

flain.    He  never  admitted  of  any  .lewd  difconrfe  in  his  pre* 

'  fence  ;  nor  ever  talked  of , flaying,  plundering,  ravages,,  makii^ 

,  flaves,  or  the  like  violeaces :  yet.  was  bold,  coprageous,  leacod, 

and  refpefted.      He  had  a.  clear  and  fuhtle  undccftan4ing  i 

'  was  furprifingly  fore  in.his  conjeflures ;  extremely  happy  in  hb 

«  Hift.  Tim.  Bek,  I.  v.  p.  424,  &  feqq.  c.  48. 

fB)  This  defcription  docs  not    g?ven  by  Ktempfer  in  his  Jmawk 
tally  With  the  print  of  bis  he^d,  [tates  tKotka^  p.  36. 

gueflcs; 

,  DigitizecTbyCjOOQlt 


^  gueflfes  J  'vigilanl  and  a^ve  whcfre  reqw-fite ;  and  nnliiafeefl  id    A.  D.    . 
his  refolutions.     He  conld  fee  into  the  nioft  hidden  intrigues,     14^5. 
and  difcover  die  moft  ftibtSt  artifices:  ^uld  dlftinguifh  the  *=^'^^ 
truth  frcMn  fopbaftry ;  and,  by  the  Arength  of  his  reafoti,  (zvt 
diiags  in  their  oaufes,  a6  others  fee  objeiSs  prefent  ito  thcit^ 
^yes\ 

TIMVR  took  great  ddight  irt  readihg  hiftof  y,  or  hiring  Knomoi^ii 
k  related. .   Be  was  fo  well  v^ed  tn  the  ftati^  of  countries,  of  coUh^ 
jK-ovinces,  and  ddes,  that  the  natives  were  aftonifhed  to  find  triei.  ' 
him  as  ^knowing  as  themfelves ;  and,  when  he  arriv€d  it  any 
dty,  "Would  a&  thofe  who  came  firft  to  wait  on  him,  H^hat 
nrws  ^  fuch  and  fuch  jnerjbns  P-  What  txids  it  fkat  happened  td 
Juch  a  one,  at  fuch  &  tirne^  and  in  fuch  an  affair  P  Htyw  diii 
Jucban  undertaking  fucce^df  JVh^t  end  did  fuch  perfons  rfiake  qf  ^ 
the  d^erence  that  *was  between  them  ?  and  would  often  tell  theifi  Great  ph 
of  the  difputtt  aodconverfatiohs  they  had  with  others*  This  made  rietratiotii 
dirm  think  he  had  been  among  them  in  difguife  ;  and  fome  af- 
firmed they  had  feen  him  :  but  this  intdUgcnce  he  gained  by    • 
fpies  and  correfpoodents,  which  he  hid  in  all  places;     His  ftra^ 
tagemS)    inventions,   and  their  effefls,   looked  like  inchant- 
ment.     His  conjeftures  came  furprifingly  to  pafs :  among  the 
i«ft,  whtn  he  arrived  before  Siivds,  which  had  a  very  ftrotig 
garrifbn,  he  faid  to  his  men,  Mdrk  vjhat  I  tell  you ;  iiJefhaU 
foai/e  tIAs  place  in  eighteen  days :  which  afhially  happened.    U 
is  ntqfi  ce?tain,  fays  Jrabfhdh,  that  this  Hrrlper  ,was  either  di- 
re^d  by  heaven ;  or  doorned  to  iteriial  termeiits^  by  the  ill  ufd 
nvhich  he  fhtmld  thake  of  temporal  felicities  ^ 

•He  was  a  great  diflembler,  and  ftudied  \lfay^  to  deceive  eVer^-  Clo/e  'a^J 
body.  He  wbuid  pretend  that  the  things,  which  abo\t  dll  fubtki 
orhers  he  hated,  ot  defired  to  avoid,  were  moft  agreeable  to 
him  ;  and  feemed  lidt  td  like  thofe  Which  he  wa$  paffionately 
fond  ofi  He  W6uld  afleipble  his  officers,  to  confult  Which  Way 
tiicy  ftiould  march  hext ;  aiid,  when  th^  had  come  to  a  refo- 
lutioQj  wbuld  iffue  Orders  aceofdingly  ;  Jind  at  the  fame  time 
afXign  the  reafdns  for  taking  fuch  a  route,:  but,  is  fodn  as  every 
tiling  was  ready,  and  the  army  began  to  move!  fdrward^  he  on  a 
fu^den  countermanded  his  ofaerS,  and  obliged  them  to'  nparcK 
a  quite  contrary  courfe.  He  wa^  fo  artful,  thsit,  when  an  ene- 
txty  advanced  to  meet  hini,  he  Wduld  often,  as  in  Syria^  fpread 
a  r^iort,  that  his  foldiers  Were  fatigued  and  difpirite'd :  h^ 
v^ofuld  evdi  retreit^  under  pretence  that  hi$  troops  wanted  prro^ 
riHons  or  forage :  all  this  was  don^  In  order  io  anindate  thd 

*•  His  pottrait  by  AaMfto  tBN  AtiABSH.  p.  2,  &  feq.      ^  Ibid^ 
TA0D4  Hist.  VcfL^  V.  A  a  <ucmy/ 


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Hijlorj  of  the  Moguls  and  Tatars.        B,  VL 

enemy,  and  nuke  them  keep  their  poft,  that  he  might  the 
more  eafily  furround  them  with  his  forces. 

When  he  refolved  on  any  fiege,  or  other  enterprife,  though 
ever  fo  difScult  and  hazardous,  he  was  not  to  be  diverted  from 
'  his  purpofe,  and  it  was  dangerous  for  any  body  to  advife  him 
to  defift.  Mohammed  Kawjin^  the  greateft  of  all  his  favour- 
ites, having  undertaken,  at  the  folicifation  of  the  chief  com- 
manders*  to  give  over  the  fiege  of  a  caftle  in  India,  built  oa 
a  very  high  rock ;  Tim^r  ftripped  him  of  all  his  wealth,  which 
he  gave  to  a  Black,  and  turned  him  adrift  ^. 

This  prince,  when  he  undertook  any  thing,  never  ceafed 
labouring,  both  with  his  hands  and  head,  to  bring  it  about. 
One  time,  that  he  befieged  ^  caftle,  he  contrafted  a  fever  by 
too  much  fiitigue;  yet,  not  being  able  to  reft^  without  feai^ 
how  things  went  on,  he  ordered  himfelf  to  be  c;arried  to  the 
door  of  his  tent,  which  ftood  on  an  eminence,  from  whence 
/«W  ^^  beheld  the  attack.  He  was  fupporfed  under  the -arms  by 
*  two  perfons:  but,  being  very  weak,  foon  ordered  them  to 
lay  him  gently  on  the  ground  ;  which  they  did.  Then,  fend- 
ing one  of  them  away,  faid  to  the  other,  named  MahmtH 
of  Karaznif  "  Confider  my  feeblenefe,  and  how  deftitute  I  am 
"  of  ftrength.  I  have  i>either  a  hand  to  do  any  thing,  nor  a 
**  foot  to  walk:  if  I  fhould  be  attacked,  I  cannot  defend  my- 
*^  felf.  Should  I  be  abandoned  in  the  condifpn  I  am  in,  I 
**  fliould  remain  as  in  a  trap ;  without  being  able  in  any-wife 
**  to  help  myfelf,  or  avoid  the  evils  that  muft  befal  me :  yet, 
"  fee,  the  Almighty  has  fubjefted  nations  to  my  obedience^ 
"  gives  me  entrance  into  the  moft  inacceflible  places,  fills  the 
"  earth  with  the  terror  6i  my  name,  and  makes  kings  and 
*'  princes  fall  down  before  me.  Can  fuch  works  come  from 
**  any  but  God  ?  What  am  I  but  a  poor  miferable  wretch, 
•*  without  either  power  or  application  equal  to  fuch  great  cx- 
"  ploits."  At  thele  words,  faid  Mahndd  to  our  author,  the 
tears  fell  from  his  eyes,  nor  could  I  refrain-  myfelf  from  weep- 
ing 1. 
His/ofts,  TIMUR  left  behind  him  fifty-three  defcendaats ;  thirty- 
fix  males  and  feventeen  females : 

I.  The  Mirza  Jehdn  Ghir,  his  eldeft  fon,^  died  before  him, 
as  hath  been  mentioned  in  his  reign:  but  left  two  princes; 
(i)  Mehemed  Soltan  (who  aHb  died  before  his  grandfather). 
This  prince  had  three  fons;  Mehemed  Jehan  Chir,  nine  yeart 
old  at  the  death  of  Timur  ;  Sadvakkas,  fix ;  and  Tahia,  five. 
(2)  The  Mirza  Pir  Mehemed  Jehdn  Ghir,  twenty-nine  years  of 

^  His  portrait  by  Ahmed  ibn  Arabsh.  p.  12— ^i.        ^  Ibid. 

age. 

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t6.  TbeReilH0fK^]i\So\tin. 

tige*  He  had  fcven  fons :  Kaydu,  nine  years  old ;  Kdled^  fe- 
vcn;  Buzenj&r,  SadvakkaSf'Teryer^  K^yfer^  zn&JeHnGhir: 
in  all,  eleven  princes. 

n.  The  MitzsL  Othar  Sheyihi  dcceafed^  left  fix  fons :  (i)  Pir  andgrand*^ 
Mehemed,  twenty-fix  years  old ;  who  had  one  fon,  of  feveny^"-'  * 
years,  named  Omar  Sheykh.  (2)  Mjieniy  aged  twenty-four ; 
who  had  two  fons^  Ozmdui  fix  years  old ;  and  Saltan  My  ond 
year.  (3)  E/kdnder^  twenty-one  years  of  age.  .  (4)  Ahrhed^ 
eighteen  years.  (5)  Sidi  Ahmedy  fifteen.  And,  (6)  Bdyerd 
Haffan  :  in  all,  nin6  princes. 

HL  The  Mirza  Mir&n  Shdh^  thirty-eigiit  year^  of  age,  had 
five  fons  :  (i)  Muliekr,  .twenty-three  years  old  :  who  had  twd 
Ions,  Alengher,  nine  years  of  age;  ^d  Ozm&n  Chelebi,  fourj 
(2)  Qmar^  twenty- two  ^ears  old.  (3)  Kalil  Soltdn,  twenty- 
one  years.  (4)  Jyjei,  ten.  And,  (5)  ^ibrgaim\/h^  fix :  iii  * 
all,  feven  princes. 

IV.  The  Mirza  ^hdh  Jiukh,  twenty -eight  yeirs  of  agCj '  had. 
feven  fons  :  (i)  .Ol^k  Jlek,  eleven  years  old*  (2)  Ihrdhim  ISoI- 
idriy  of  the  fame  age*  (3)  Bay/dnkar,  eight  yfears.  (4)  Sior- 
gatmifby  fix.  (5)  Mehenied  Jukiy  three  years.  •  (6)  Jdn  Aglen^ 
two  years.     And,  (7)  furwi,  6nd  year  :  in  all,  eight  princes. 

Besides  thefe  princes,  Timir  haa  one  daughter,  nameu  jMugktei^si 
^oltdnd  Bdkht  Beg4m ;  and  fixteen  grand-daughters.      Omar  bMgt^and^ 
^A^jiii  had  three  daughters,     Mehemed  Soltdn y  three.    Mirdn  daug  jt^ru 
Shdhy  four  :  arid  Shih  Rilkhy  one.     Plr  Mehented  Jehki  Chtr, 
three..    Jbtibekry  one  ;  and  Kaltl  Soiidny  bnt. 

The  Mirza  Soit^n  tiuffayny  twenty-five  years  of  age,  was 
the  fon  of  Tirnur's  daughter^  named  Akid  iieghiy  of  Taji  Khan  5 
and  his  fether  was '  the  Amir  Mehemed  Bey,  fori  of  the  Amir 

tVi  kf.      VI; 

DiJirdSfkHs  ibbicb  arofi  en  the  Biatb  of  'tim6f,  ahd 
the  Ufurpation  of  Kalil  Soltan. 

AS  foori  as  7iihur*s  death  was  known  in  thd  couftj  the  em-  htdie  of 
preflTes  tdr<5  th<*ir  iiatt  dnd  haii* }  the  court-lords  rent  Affjim 
theii'  clothes,  and,  flinging  themfelves  dn  the  gr<5und,  pafled 
the  night  in  grief:  While  the  heavens,  fays  duf  atithot,  f<;emed 
to  (hate  in  their  affli^ion ;  finCe  rains  and  thunder^  ftorms 
md  tempeft,  ceafed  not  all  the  night;  Next  morning  th«l 
X)dy  \^as  wifhed;  jirid  erfibalmed  tvith  caitiphil-e^  mtlik,  and 
•ofe-watcr  J   then  wraj^ped  in  linen,  ^nd  l^id  in  a  coiflSn  of 

*  Hift.  Tim,  Bek,  I  vi-  c.  48.  p.  427.  &  fc^. 

A  a  a  cfcony. . 

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Hifiory  of  the  Moguls  and  Tatars.      B.  VI. 

ebony.  As  the  defign  of  the  war  in  China  was  not  yet  aban- 
doned, they  kept  his  death  concealed,  by  avoiding  afl  figns  of 
^  grief ;  and  fent  ^dVice  to  the  tnirzas,  parriculariy  PIr  Mchemed 
J  eh  An  Chtr,  to  repair  forthwith  to  court.  Next  day  the 
mirzas,  ediprefles,  and  amirs,  whp  were  at  Otr&Ty  fet  out, 
with  the  corps,  for  Samarkant;  and,  having  croflfed  the  ^- 
hun,  two  parafangs  diftant,  on  die  ice,  entered  a  wood ;  ^crc 
il  was  agreed  in  council,  that  they  fliould  march  to  TA/bkunt^ 
under  the  command  of  the  ^fi^za  *  Ibrdhim  Saltan  ;  who,  on 
his  arrival,  fhould  deliver  up  the  command  to  his  dder  bro- 
ther kalii  Soltdn  :  that  this  latter  fhould  bear  the  title  of  em- 
peror the  whole  campaign ;  and  proceed  with  the  whole  army 
to  conquer  China :  laftiy,  that,  at  their  return  to  Samarkant, 
they  fhould  hold  a  general  dyet,  to  execute  TTzwrfr'slaft  will 
and  teflament. 
Mirza  After  this,  feveral  lords  were  fept  with  TimHr^s  cotRn  to 

HufTayn  Samarkant ;  where  they  arrived  the  6th  of  Jpri/,  and  buried 
rMs.  it  with  the  ufual  folemnity.  The  empreUes,  and  other  ladies, 
followed,  with  the  Mirza  Ofuk  B^jty  and  others ;  while  die 
Mirza  Ibrdhim  Soltdn  to6k  horfe,  at  the  head  of  the  army,  to 
march  into  China,  When  they  were  come  to  the  bridge  rf 
Kaldorma,  on  the  river  Jrjf  eaft  of  Otr4r,  and  one  league 
from  it,  exprefTes  were  fent  to  the  Mirzas  KaSl  Sobdn  and 
Soltdn  Hujfayn  to  join  them  at  Jiikkkj  a  town  five  leagues  eaft 
of  the  'fame  city.  In  order  to  proceed  in  the  expedition.  But 
this  great  defijgn  was  frufb^ted  by  the  Mfrza  Soltdn  Huffayny 
in  whofe  breaft  the  death  of  Tim^r  rekindled  the  inclination  of 
revolting,  which  he  had  difcovered  in  the  war  of  Damq/ha : 
for,  as  Toon  as  he  received  that  advice,  he  difbanded  part  of 
the  troops  of  the  left  wing ;  and,  taking  from  them  their 
horfes,  pafled  the  SihAn  (or  Sir)  at  Kojcnd,  with  one  thoufknd 
men,  each  having' two  horfes,  and  took  the  road  to  Samar- 
h^mt :  hisdepgn'w^,  to  have  amufed  the  i^ih^ijaflt^  asidea* 
tered  the  city  by  ftratagem*. 
KalilSol-  This  news  being  brought  to  the  Amirs  Sheykh7N^^'^« 
^ncJe^ih  and  Shah  Malekt  who  fenjthim  ti^eexprefe,  they  impieidia^ygaie 
notice  to  j^rgun  Shdh,  whom  Timtkr  had  left  governpr  at  Ax- 
markoiit;  and  ordered  him  to  fedurc  that  ambitious  prince,  if" 
he  approached  the  city.  They  vrrpte  alfo  to  the  IMBr^  Aitf 
Soltdn,  aiTd  his  great  amJrs,  who  were  at  T^bktmt^  fix  dap 
'  jotirney  of  the  karawan  from  Otrdf,  to  acquaint  th^m  with  the 
evil  defign  of  Soltan  Hujfayn ;  and  that  it  was  proper  to  re- 
turn 'svitb  thdr  troops  tp  Akar^  there  .to  cpjK^t  meafor^  uitb 
them  for  the  public  good.     After  this,  they  marched  for  Six- 

»  Hift.Tim.  Bek,  1.  vi.  c.  31-^35.  p.  387 — 397. 

'       ■ '  marhmt  \ 

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G.6.  '•  fie  R^gfi  t^  t^il  Sol&n: 

mdrkdftf  i  ^d,  ha^teg  Crofled  the  SiMn  on  the  ice,  next  morn- 
ing joined  the  empt^^fles.  Mean  tiilne  affairs  took  a  crofs  turn ; 
fcr  the  amf r$,  lv*th  Saltan  Kalil, '  having  had  advice,  before  the  ' 
exprefe  from  Otrdr  arrived-,  of  the  proccedkigs  of  Soltan  fft//' 
fafn,,  their  fear  caufedby  'timer's  death  was  much  increafed  ; 
and,  tbinting  the  beft  way  to  prevent  the  evil,  was,  to  create  • 
an  emperor,  th^  Mtrza  Jkmed  Onidr  Sheykhy  and  the  Great  , 
Anrfrs  K&daMd  Htiffayni,  Tadghiar  ShAh  Eriat,  Shdmfo'ddin 
MhAs^  Berenddky  and  other  principal  officers,  advanced  the 
WBrza  KdUl  S6ltin  to  the  throne  at  T&Jhkmt,  and  fworci  obe- 
dience to  him* 

As  foon  as.the  empi^eflfes^  with  the  mfrzas  and  amirs,  tt-  Secures Sz-- 
cdvttd  this  advice,  tiiey  wrote  to  the  mfrzas  of  KaiH  Soltati,  markant. 
reproadiing  them  with  their  breach  of  oath  to  Timfir,  and 
a£Kng  comrary  to  hfe  loft  difpofitions/  The  amh*y,  "having  read 
the  letter,  fcnt  Betehdak  to  Ahfuldty  where  the  emprefles  wer6  * 

cncam]^dv  to  acqtmint  the  amirs,  "  That  what  they  did  was 
**  with  a  good  iricention,  and  to  prevent  troubles :  but,  lince  - 
"  iftey  foind  what  they  had  done  was-  ageeeable  neither  to 
"  their  feiitiin^nts,  nor  the  late  emperor's  will,  they  were 
"  ready  to  jobt  with  them  in  fuch  meafures  as  they  (hould 
"  judge  proper  for  carrying  his  majefty's  teftament  into  exe- 
"  cution."  U^n  this,  the  Amfrs  Sheykh  Nuro'ddln  and  Shah 
Mid€k  wrote  a  fecond  letter  to  thofe  at  Tdjbkimty  exhorting 
than  to  annul  the  oath  they  had  ^wrongfully  taken  thro*  inad- 
vertency ;  and,  by  a  wiitten  inftrutiient,  fi|ned  by  Kalil  SoU 
thi  as  well  asthemfelves,  fubmit  to  the  Mirza  Ptr  Mehemed. 
When  Berendak  was  dlfmiflfcd,  the  emprefles  and  mfrzas,  with 
thdr  troops,  continued  their  road.  When  they  came  to  M 
MM,  the  Mlha  Omar  Sheykh  and  Shah  M^lek,  went  before  : 
biit,  oil  their  arrival  at  Samarkant,  Jrgfin  Shdh,  whb  had  been 
gained  by  the  proniifes  of  JGrfil  Sott^n,  fhut  the  gates  agalnflr 
them  :  he  even  refufed  to  let  in  either  Shah  J\Wek  or  Sheykh'  , 
NArcHdiMn,  fo  confer  \^4th  the  amfrs  there ;  pretending  it  would 
be  contrary  to  the  orders  he  had  received  from  TimHr.  He' 
feid,  however,  **  That  he  believed  his  majefty  had  ordainei 
"  the  Mh-za  Ptr  Mehemed  his  fuccefTor ;  and  that  he  would 
"  deliver  up  the  government  of  the  city,  as  foon  as  the  mirzas 
"  and  amirs  (hould,  in  an  aflembly,  agree  upon  it  ^." 

Those  amfrs,  who  looked  on  all  that  Arg^ln  Shcih  had  faid  Renounces 
to  be  grimace,  returned  to  the  emprefTes  at  AH  AhM.     Mean  ^heempre^ 
\riiile,  Befendek  being  returned  to  Thjhkunt,  the  amirs  drew 
np  a  manifefto,  which  every  one  figned  and  fealed,  and  the 
Mlrza  Kohl  Soltdn  hin^felf  was  obliged  to  fubfcribe.     The 

*  Hift.  Tim.  Bck,  1.  vi.  c.  36—38.  p.  397,  &  feqq» 

A  a  3  mirzf 

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.74  Hifiory  of  the  Moffxh  and T^tsfs.        B,Vt. 

,k.  D.  mtrza  ordered  JHlrrUjh  to  carry  this  paper  to  the  Anrirs  iVA- 
s  405 .  ro'JJin  and  Shah  7W«/<*,  and  from  them  to  P/r  Mehemed%  dir 
^  v-?!^  recting  him  "  to  aflure  the  mirza,  that  he*  was  his*  flncere 
^*  intivl ;  and  would  acknowl^e  him  for  his  father^  fnocefT 
,  *'  for,  punuant  to  his  laft  will."  But,  in  this,  K^M  SoltdK 
aftci  the  hypocrite ;  bis  fole  defire  b^ihg  to  reign ;  in  which 
he  \yas  inftigated  by  fomc  amirs  who  were  about  him.  He 
ici^cd  all  the  horfes,  mules,  and  camels,  belonging  to  Tim&r^ 
as  well  ^  the  mirz^is  and  amirs  of  his  attendants,  which  he 
}iad  left  to  gr^ze  at  Td/hktmf  and  Sayr^i  and  diftributcd  them 
among  thofe  of  his  own  party:  he  gave  them  Ukewife  abun* 
dance  qf  monpy,  ftnfFs,  and  ^ms,  which  belong^  ito  the  fd- 
diers  who  were  in  thofe  quarts ;  and  then  departed,  at  thetr 
h^d,  for  Sajnarkant, 
Jfumes  Wif  EN  he  came  to  the  SiMn^  he  ordered  the  Amir  5>r«i- 
^faga^n^  f/^i,  with  the  troops  of  the  right  wing,  to  crofs  the  river,  on  a 
bridge  of  boats,  above  Bhhh  Rukhiyd.  As  foon  as  he  was 
gotten  over,,  he  broke  the  bridge,  and  went  to  join  the  em- 
prefles,  who  were  then  on  their  way  to  Samarkant,  The 
Amirs  Kodaddd  and  Sh&mfo'ddin  Mbas,  with  the  fame  view, 
marched  to  Acf>ik  Ferkint,  purfuant  to  a  fecret  agreement  made 
,  before  with  Berend,aky  to  abandon  KaUl  Soltdn^  and  do  nor 
^hing  contrary  to  Timers  will.  The  miirza,  on  this  advice, 
parted  the  Sihun  with  his  troops.  Mean  time  B^r^nddk,  bdng 
informed,  qn  the  road,  hqw  Jrgun  Shah  had  refufed  the  Amir 
Shah  Mdlek  admittance  into  Smnarkant^  he  was  furprifed ;  and, 
moved  a§  WisU  by  his  ambition  as  his  cowardice,  without  re- 
garding his  oath,  immediately  returned  to  join  the  Mirza,  Kalil 
^oltdn,  to  whom  he  fwore  fid^slity  a  fecond  time.  Hereupon 
the  mirza,  with  thofe  of  hi§  party,  declared  ihe  inftrument 
void,  wherein  they  had  promifed  obedience  to  Pir  Mehtmed\ 
^nd  at  the  fame  time  continued  his  road  tq  Samarkant,  with 
defign  to  ufurp  the  empire. 
<n»hhfut  WifEN  the  Amirs  Sheykh  Ntlro^Mn  and  Shah  M^k  re- 
}if^r<ve.  <;eived  this  advice,  after  a  fpeech,  wherein  thpy  lamented  the 
confufiqn  wl^icb  tVie  empire  was  fallen  into ;  and  the  litde  re- 
gard paid  to  the  will  of  a  great  monarch,  when  dead,  by 
thofe  very  p^srfons  who  had  tafted  moil  of  his  favours,  they 
advifed  the  eraprefles  to  proceed  to  Samarkanty  while  they  at- 
tended the  mirzas  to  Bokhara  i  from  whence  they  propofe^  to 
go  meet  the  Mirza  Pir  Mehemed,  Timur's  heir.  When  the 
cmprefTes  came  to  Samarkanty  the  amirs  of  the  city  would  not 
^dmit  them  on  that  day.  Next  morning  they  entered ;  and 
.tpok  up  Xhtw  abode  at  the  kanika  of  the  Mxtzz  Mehtnud  Sol- 
fan,  where  Timur's  coffin  lay.  There  feveral  grandees  of  the 
fmpire,  ^f&mbiing  in  mourning  habits,  m^ide  I^entation  over 

the 

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C.  6.  72^  Reign  of  Kalll  Spltan.*    '  ^15 

the  emperor's  corpfe,  and  were  joindd  in  figns  of  grief  by  all    A.  D. 
the  inluibitants  c»  1405. 

MfiAN^whUe  the  Mirzas  (Mk  B^k  ^ccA  Ibrdhim  Soltan,  being  ^— Nr*«iJ 
arrived  at  DeMs,  a  high  fortrefs  on  the  river  of  Samarkant,  ^°^'^  '^ 
received  a  letter  from  Koja  T'lifef  and  Argiin  Shahy  importing,  ^^"^^- 
**  that  their  refufing  to  open  tKe  gates  to  them,  was  not  thro*    ^"'' 
**  any  motive  of  treafon,  but  to  obey  Tlrntir's  will :  that  they 
"  would  ufe  the  Minn  Kalil Soltan  in  the  fame  manner,  (hould 
"  he  come ;  and,  in  fhort^  would  fefign  the  city  to  none  but 
"  the  Mirza  Pir  Mehemed,  the  lawful  fu<:ceflbr,  for  whom 
"  th^  kept  it."     This  they  fwore  to  at  the  end  of  the  letter: 
but,  three  days  after,  the  princes  received  advice  that  they  had 
gone  out  to  meet  Kalii  SoltAn,  and  condu A  him  into  Samarkant. 
Hereupon  they  went  on  to  ^SMdrd,  which  they  put  in  a  pofturo- 
of  defence.    The  Mirza  Kalil  Sphdn  entered  Samarkant  on  the 
27th  ot  Aprils  chofen  by  the  aftrologer  Mulina  Badro'ddia  :  ' 
and  tocrfc  pofleflion  of  the  great  imperial  palace,  where  all  the 
treafures  of  Jjia  were  amafled.     There,  being  feated  on  th$ 
throne,  he  received  the  fubmiffion  of  the  mirzas,  amirs,  and 
principal  men  of  the  ftate. 

As  foon  as  he  was  inftalled,  to  ftiew  he  had  an  outward  re-  Creates  a  . 
gaJrd  to  Timur's  will,  he  gave  the  tide  of  khan  to  the  Mirza  ^^^"^ 
Mehemed  Jehhi  Chir,  fon  of  the  Mirza  Mehemed  Soltdrty  and 
nq)hew  of  .the  Mirza  Ptr  Mehemedy  though  that  prince  was 
hut  nine  years  of  age :  his  name  alfo  was  placed  at  the  top  of 
all  the  patents,  and  imperial  orders,  according  to  cuftom ;  altho' 
the  Mu^  Kalil  Soltdn  aiTumed  the  fole  difpofal  of  every  thing,  as 
if  the  lawful  favereign.   Two  days  after,  thenew  emperor  went  > 

to  the  kanika,  where  Timur's  tomb  was,  to  pay  his  devotions, 
aod  perform  .the  public  ceremonies  of  mourning ;  at  which  the 
emprpflSes,  mirzas,  amirs,  and  all  the  people,  alFifted  in  black 
habits.  When  the  iutieral  banquet  was  over,/ the  imperial 
drum  was  beaten'  in  a  doleful  manner :  after  which,  it  was 
broken  in  pieces ;  and  the  S^d  Bereke*s  body  being  brought 
from  jindekMy  Timur's  was  placed  underneath  it,  purfuant  to 
his  orders.  '     '       • 

When  th^  Mirza  Kalil  Soltan  was  fixed  on  the  throne,  he  Hhfro* 
diftributed  his  immenfe  tr^fures  profufely  among  the  amirs,  fujenef^t 
principal  lords,  and  foldiers.     This  liberality,  or  rather  prodi- 
gality, vras  the  firft  caufe  of  hJLs  ruia :  the  fecond  was  his  vio- 
lent paffion  for  Sh^dt  Mulk,  before-mentioned  :  for,  when  he 
found  htfnfelf  an  abfolute  fovereign,  he  refigned  every  thing 
up  to  the  will  of  this  beauty,  and  took  no  pleafure  but  in  her  . 
company  ;  while  (he  flx^wed  no  regard  to  either  princes  or 

«  Hid  Tim.  Bek,  1.  vi.  c.  39—43.  p.  465,  &  feqq. 

A  a  4  nobles,    . 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


A.  D.  -  noblea,  bat  thought  eveity  one  bebw  faer.    What  made  Us 

1405.     lavUh  humour  the  more  inexcufeabie,  was,  that  he  {qnanderecl 

^^=v^W  ^w%y  his  wcahh  on  m^n  of  no  worth ;.-  while  pcrfbos  o£  czmr 

ftiJiU  *  ordinary  merit  could  obtain  notbii^,  or  but  atrifle.   He  like- 

^Qndu&.      wife  advanced  feveral  fkanger^  of  mean  extradtion  to.  the  firft 

employment^  in  thcilate ;  which  altttaated  from  him  the  heact? 

of  the  great  amirs  of  his  court,  and,  generals  of  tus.  armies. 

Befides,  as  Shadi  Mulk  v»s  inferior  in  cmk  to.  the  (feceaiied 

emperor's  wives,  and  thefip  latter  became  jealous,  of  her  growr 

ing  greatnefs,  (he  conceived  %  great  avorfion  to  them,  and* 

perfuadi^d  IQUil  to.  give  tbem»  ae  well  as  Tmtt'^  amcabines, 

in  n^u^riage  to  fbme  confiderabte  ^mirs ;.  in  ordov  as  flic  (ant» 

the  more  finoly  to  engage  thent  in  his  intereft*    Accordin^^ 

h^difpofed  of  thofe great  ladiea»  bat  inavntt^oercondenuieii 

by  all  men  of  underitending  »  for  he  fioixttd  them  to.  marry 

thpfe  who  were  not  worthy  to  be  theb  porters,    fe  efied^  fai^ 

afiions  drew  on  him  the  averfion  not  only  of  his  foUUess,  bat 

all  his.  fubjefls ;  and  af&irs  falling  into  coofufion  by  his  3t 

management,  all  his  grandeur  came  to  nothing  in  1^  thaorfbof 

years'^. 

This  is  the  fufadanc&of  what  Sbart/VdiMn  ^i  has  written 
concerning  the  reign  of  Kaiil  SoltM :  but  here  we  muftv  wiA  • 
r^ret,.  take  leave  of  that  wellrinffamdled  hiilorian,  to.  fbliow 
others  who  lived  at  too  great  a  diftance  to  be.  well!  acquainted 
with  the  s|£[airs  oi  the  ddcendasits  of  lindry  fior  Meant  o£  au- 
thors who  were  upon  the  fpot. 
/fn  cba-        KJLIL  Soi^n  was  of  an  amiaUe  difjpofitiosi ;.  and,  bein§ 
ra^er.      e:ice(tiding  liberal,  attained,  without  any  difficuh^,  to  tbefo- 
v^reignty  which  he  afpined  to.    He  had  at  his  difpofid-  the 
bravie  Arak  and  Perfian  troops,  with  thdr  beft.commaiidefSy 
who  were  charmed  with  his  affibility, ,  mUdneis,  ai^d  finoeritif; 
Hh  was  finely  fhaped,  and  handibme  \  dextrous  in  mam^ig 
his  amis,  and  valiant :  bpuntifol  to  thofe  who  ferved  hfaa,  and 
always  did  more  than  he  promifed.    He  bq;an  his  re^  with 
the  confent  of  the  army  :  but  this  conf<^t  was  not  to  be  de- 
J>^ded  on.     His  amirs  and  chief  officers  expe£led.  that  he 
ihould  be  '^gittacked  on  all  fides  as  fpon  as  the  feverity  oi  die 
(caipn  w^  Qver ;  and  only  watted  opportunities  to  ferve  their 
refpe^ive  Interefts.    We  have  ^eady  mentioned  the  defe^tioQ 
ami  return  of  Brendak  (or  Beysndik)^  of  whofe  perfidy  at  that 
titne  KalU  Soltdn  took  no  notice :  he.  evep  heaped  favours  on 
him ;  but,  when  his  affairs  were  fctded,  put  to  death  tl»  trai- 
tor when  he  leaft  fufpea^d,  feiied  all  his  eflbfts,  and  cxdr- 
i  pated  hi^  vfhple  femily. 

^.  Hift.  Tip.  Bck,  L  iri.  c.  4f-r46.  p.  4^3— 4»3: 
I  The 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


The  rksxt  who  took  tS-  the  nsi&  was  KhodaJAd  Hkffkyn,    A.  D. 
gOvetnpF  of  the  provinces  beyoid  the  ^iMw  (or  Str)^  and  the     H^S- 
frontiers  of  Turhe/im.    This  perfon  was  -the  grcateft  enemy  ^  ■— v^*^ 
the  new  emperor  had  f  and  had  aliways.'iet  hiBifdf  on  an  eqaa-  ^a^JP^V/ 
li^  with  rimir  himfelf,  as  bdag  of  die  boufe  of  9akaiB  Huf-  ^^^^'^'^'* 
fayn  .*  00  which  acocmat  beboreitheiaHik  ^  fevere^inthcfe 
cottotries.    fittty  as  Kh(tMH  ail^s  wese/quite  uofettled  when 
he-  pafl^  the  SiMn^  he  cdi^ddo  ma  lefs*  than  keep  np  a  firieod-  • 

ihip  whfa  him^  and  Icar^^hkn  19  poAffion  of  the  govemme^ 
wMtf;h  he  held  before.  OnKbodadMs  ren>k,  thofe  who  fought 
a^occafion  to  quit  KaiU  Sobaiiy  repaired  txai hku  Now  the 
wio&er  was  over,  8heykh  Mro^cU^,  who  had  been  one  of 
7im£r*s  chief  adherents,  went  acwa^  openly,  and  joined  the 
rebek  Shah  3Mkky  anctho:  of  tbeio,  hafldk  afterwards  from 
^mavkanty  with  a  gieat  nosfigi ;  and;  yaSaag  the  fihAi  (or 
A^)f  retired  to  iS/yiir  R^;  who  heldi  the  governmait  of 
Herdt  and  khorqffi^\  KaUl  Sak^  widiottf  givmg  hknfelf 
atq^'noeafinefa  about  thofe  \iriio  sdsaoddned  him,  continued  to 
oblige  foch  asnemaiiied  in  his  fervice^. 

As  fooii:  as  Jllahddd^  governor  of  Efiara  (or  j^fera^  on  AIIAhdad 
the  fco&tiei^  of  fetah,  tiowardfi  M&gtJfftdn),  heard  of  ihek  alarmed. 
tranfeftions,  he  confulted  his  friends^;  who  advifed  him  to 
leave  that  foctrefs,  and  petum  to  his  own  country.  Next  da^ 
the  conuBftnders  of  the  troops  under  his  power  repairing, 
according  to.  cuAom,  to  pay  him  their  refpe^s,  and  ];eceive 
his  orders,  he  aiked  tfaent  privatdy'^  what  was  to  be  done  iii 
thjsoo^odure.  As  the  officers  left  it  wholly  to  him  to  di^ 
reft  the  method,  andipromifed  to  follow  his  orders,  upon  oath,  ' 
he  told  them,,  his  rdfohitiDiy  was  to  wait  on  KaHlSoltdn  ;  and 
deiired,  in  the^mean  thne,  that  they  Dwmld  ftay  and  watch  the 
MUngls.  Thmgs  bring  thuB  fettled,  MldMM  fet  forward  the 
1 7th.  of  RamazAn  807  (*)vfcllowed=by  his  wives,  children,  and 
an  that,  belonged  to  him.  TaUi^'  his  route  dira^  froft  and 
fnow,  he  arrived  at  A3s^%'244f;  where  he  recdved  a  mandate 
fipm  Kalil  Soltdn^  ordering  him  not  to  take  any  ftep  againft 
his  intereft,  but  to  remain  in  his  poll  at  Ejbara.  t 

This  order  difconcerted  ail  his  meafuiteS^;  but,  while  ^^  Joins  the 
debated  with  himfelf  what  was  to  be  done,  a  deputy  arrived>^^J/^;.^ 
from.  Kodadddr  advifing  him  to  leave  BJbara^  and  come  to  him 
as  fbon  as  poijSble,  Nothing  could  arrive  more  opportundy, 
to  deliver  Mm  our  o^^  the  perplexity  which  he  was  in :  he 
therefore  made  hafte  to  join  KodadAd^  who  was  overjoyed  to 
fee  him  :  then  paf&ng'the  SiMn  at  Kt^eni^  they  iQarched  to- 

(*)  A.  D.  1404;  which  date    feems  to  have  antedated  fadls  a 
jmuft    be  wrong.     Our  author    whole  year. 

f  Arabs H,  Continuat.  Hilt.  Timfir,  p.  72—82. 

wards 

Digitized  by  Vj^WVlC 


Hijlary  ofthi  Moguls  iaiA  Tatars.        B.  VL 

wards  Samariant.  When  they  came  to  Tt/ii^  they  began  to 
ravage  the  country  with  fife  and  fword,  which  had  remained 
Mn  peace  all  the  ragn  of  Timsir  :  this  happened  in  ShawaJ,  the 
fame  year  807  ;  nor  cooid  KaUl  Sob'&n  prevent  this  difbrder. 
Mean  time  the  troops  which  JIUhdM  had  left  at  EJbara^  fear- 
ing the  Mungls  might  £dl  on  them,  began  to  confult  what 
conife  to  take.  Some  were  for  waiting  to  perform  their  pro- 
mife ;  others  were  for  quitting  that  poft.  At  length  the  difpute 
rofe  to  fuch  a  height  between  the  two  pardes^  that  from  words 
they  came  to  blows,  in  which  one  of  the  captains  was  killed. 
At  night  part  of  the  troops  left  the  place;  which  obliged  die 
reft  to  follow,  with  all  their  effefts.  When  they  arriv^  where 
AUibdM  was,  this  amir,  inftead  of  treating  them  ill  for  dis- 
obeying his  orders,  b^an  to  excufe  himielf  for  not  having 
performed  his  promife,  qn  pretence  of  having  been  prevented 
by  KhodadM  (f) ;  aad  hid  them  flay  near  him  till  there  was  an 
opportunity  erf  going  to  Samarkant  ?. 
Im)iHihy  This  adventure  perfuading  Khodtiiid  that  the  enmity  be* 
Kalil  twcen  Jildhdad  and  KalH  Sobin  was  irreconcileable,  he  began 
to  put  confidence  in  him,  and  afk  his  advice.  As  he  had  in- 
tercepted a  tixjop  of  fervants  belon^g  to  the  army,  he  was 
inclined  tt>  put  them  to  tl^e  fword :  but  Jllahdad  alleging, 
th^t  it  was  moft  prudent  to  ufe  lenity,  efpecially  at  fetting  out^ 
and  that,  by  fending  them  away,  he  might  gain  the  friead2iip  of 
their  mailers ;  he  took  his  advice,  and  difmifled  them  courtc- 
oufly4  After  this,  Kalil  SolUn  fent  a  depnty  to  difpofe  AUahdU 
to  mediate  the  difFcrence  between  him  and  Khodadid^  promifing 
to  fatisfy  both  their  expeftations.  The  caufe  of  their  animofity 
is  faid  to  be  this :  Kalil  SoitAn  having  at  firfl  been  pofted  in 
the  provinces  near  Khodadad^  his  grandfather  ordered  this  lat- 
ter to  have  an  eye  over  him,  and  regulate  his  conduft.  As 
Khodad&d  was  naturally  rough,  fevere,  and  difa^eeable,  he 
treated  the  prince  with  rigour  and  harfhncfs ;  which  irritated 
him  to  fuch  a  pitch,  that  he  procured  poifbn  to  be  g^vcn  him : 
\  but,  difcovering  it  in  tiuje,  he  took  remedies^  and  cfcapcd ; 

hcjwevcr,  he  felt  the  effeA  of  the  dofe  ever  afterwards. 
.G'^ff^^^r  From  that  time  a  thorough  hatred  fubfifled  between  them, 
inancattt.  ^\;^^)^  r^t  laft  became  public,  and  was  the  occafion  of  great 
diforders  in  the  ftate.  Allahdad  fhewed  Kkodaddd  the  letter 
of  KhaUl  Soltan :  after  which,  he  took  an  oath  on  the  koran, 
backed  with  the  moft  horrid  imprecations,  "  never  to  quit  his 
",  fcrvice,  or  change  his  parQr,  for  afiy  other ;  adding,  that, 
♦'  if  he  ^yent  to  Samarkdnt,  he  would  do  his  utmoil  to  recon* 

<t)  KztUr  Khoday^dd. 
«  Arabsh.  Continuat.  Hill.  Timur,  p.  83— 88. 

"cilc 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ It 


C.  6, ,  Tie  tUign  ef  Kalfl  Soldn. 

"  die  the  difference  betweep  him  and  Kaltl  Soltan ;  put  fiis 
"  affairs  on  a  good  footing ;  and  procure  him  Tumdna  (C),  one 
"  of  the  wives  of  TimurJ*  Having,  by  thefeand  many  other 
artifices, .  lulled  Kh$dadM  aHeep,  he  returned  to  his  friends 
at  Shah  Rukhiya^  two  ftages  diflant ;  where  croffing  the  Sihun^  . 
he  made  what  hafle  be  could  for  Samarkant ;  fending  before 
to  let  Khalil  Soltdn  know  what  had  paffed  between  him  and 
KhodadM ;  and  defuing  him  to  fend  an  efcort  to  meet  and 
protcft  him,  in  cafe  KhodadM  fhould  fufpeft  his  defign,  and 
detach  troops  to  flop  him ;  as  aftudly  he  did  :  but  too  late ; 
for  JlIdhdAd  never  halted  one  moment  on  the  road,  excepting 
to  refrefh  a  little,  till  he  arrived  at  Samarkant.' 

KjiLIL  Soltdn  was  overjoyed  to  fee  }uni ;  and,  as  the  //  ma^ 
poft.of  prime  wazir  was  vacant  (Sheykh  Ndro'ddUi  and  Shah  wazir. 
Mdleky  with  all  the  refl  who  were  inclined  to  rebel,  having 
quitted  the  country),  he  gave  that  important  mark  of  his  fa- 
vour to  Jildhddd,  in  prejudice  to  all  the  othef  wazirs  and 
grandees  of  the  ftate.  The  new  minifler  fopn  reflored  every 
thing  to  order^  and  detached  troops  to  guard  the  frontiers. 
In  the^  management  of  affairs,  he  was  aflifted  by  BerenddJt, 
j4rgun  Shdhy  and  one  Ka^iLky  thro'  whofe  hands  every  thing 
pa&d,  under  his  controul.  Mean  time  Sheykh  N^ro*ddln  and 
fChodaddd  continued  their  ravages ;  and  became  at  length  ma- 
flers  of  the  frontiers  of  Turkeftdn^  with  the  territories  of  Say- 
rdm^  Nafikand^  Andekdhy  Khojend^  Shah  Rukhiyay  Otrdr  (DJ, 
and  Segndky  befides  other  cities  and  provinces  in  thofe  parts. 
Sometime^,  crofSng  the  Jihdn,  they  wafled  the  country  of 
Great  Bukhdria  :  but  could  never  get  any  footing  there  ;  for, 
Kalil  Sditdn,  in  his  turn,  paffed,  that  river,  and  always  put 
them  to  the  route  **. 

When  the  Mungls  firfl  heard  that  Timdr  was  marching  The 
towards  them  with  an  afnxy  capable  of  forcing  its  way  thro'  Maiigl^ 
all  oppoiition,  they  immediately  took  flight,  difperfed  them-^^'^f^ 
felves  over  the  country,  and  retired,  fpme  into  cafHes,  others  "Z^** 
to  the  tops  of  inacceflible  mountains.     The  inhabitants  of 
Dii/bt  (E),  and  thofe  to  the  north,  withdrew  likewife  into  de- 
farts  :  but,  as  foon  as  they  heard  of  Timor's  death,  and  the' 
troubles  which  enfued  in  his  dominions,  they  took  heart ;  and, 
returning  to  their  refpeftive  countries,  refolved  to  take  advan- 
tage of  the  prefent  opportunity.     Xhe  Mungls  firfl  took  the 

**  Arabsh.  Continuat.  Hill.  Timur,  p.  88—94.  / 

(C)  Tumdn  Jga^  the  fecond     copy,  by  feme  millake in  placing 
^mprcfs.  the  diacridcal  points. 

ip)    Written'  Jnzan   in   our         (E)  Or  Ddfit  Kipjdk. 


Digitized  by 


3t;^l\z 


Hijiory  of  thi  Mogiii$  i*^  'Htars:      R  Vl. 

£ekl ;  and»  falling  Mpot  Ejhara  asd  Afikol  (or  4^M),  &9t€' 

ran  the  provmCeSy  tUl .  thfty  became  n^rhboors  to  K/fodadid, 

whom  they  oUiged  ta  ddiver  up  all  &e  places  taksof  ftoih 

them  by  Ttndr^  and  then  mack  as  alfiaace  with  \am. 

Pir  Me-         Mean  time  Pir  Mihemed^  coofin-gemum  of  KalUSottin^  to 

liemed      whom  Tmi^r  had  bequeathed  the  fiiccdfioik,  departmg  &om  Kan^ 

hrmj.        dahdr,  with  a  nameroos  tnny;  towards  Sdmafkmt ;  feat  ta  kt 

KalilSoitdn^  and  all  thegreat  lords,  kndw,  fii^,  tfxitV  grdndfathr 

hoi  appointed  him  for  his  JucceffhTy  hi  thought  itfttav^e  that  mtf 

perfonjhoiddfeize  the  cafitat  of  the  empire ^  which  hehng^d  oriy 

KalilV     '  ^  ^^  ^^'^  oppofo  his  €axefim  to' the  throne.    la  anfwer  16 

mmfwer.     this  meflage,  KaUl  Solt&n  alleged,  "  that,  hi  this  conyuii^hipe, 

'^  the  foterelgnty  was  to  be  held  cither  by  mherita&ice  or  ac- 

*^  quiiition.     If  by  th^  fc^mer,  tfaat  kisr  fzAitt  AUr^  ShSh, 

**  aod  uncle  Shih  Rikh^   had*  a  better  right*  thaA  eitbar  of 

''  them,  and  he  m^t  bold  d[  ^dusm  either  by  grsm  or  de^ 

•*  putation  (F).     If  by  the  latter,  that  he  {Pir  Meherned) 

"  could  have  no  pre'cniwns,  as  bang  at  a*  diftance,  winfe  him- 

",feif  was  in  pofleifion  :   that,  as  to, his  grandfodier's* will,  it 

"  Was  of  no  fignificatian ;  for  that  he  became  mafter  of  fo 

''  many  countries  himfbl^  by  force,,  and  aftu^y  divided  them, 

*^  durihg  his  life-time,,  among  his/fens  and  grandthildreD: 

"  that,  as  Pir  Mehemedhzd  Kandxxh&r  for  his, (hare,  it  was 

"  fit  that  he  {Kalil  SokM)  fliould  hold  what  he  had  coft- 

**  quered ;  efpecially  as  the  principal  perfons  of  die  fVate  had 

**  acknowli^ed  him  for  then:  fovereiga:  that  however,  if  Mj^ 

'"  father  and  unde  aUowed  of  Ms  competitor's  pr^ienfions, 

"  he  would  np  longer  difpute  the  pcint  with  Mip." 

Backed         The  lords,  on  tfadr  pant,  uettuned  an  anfwer  to  the  mcC- 

n^itb         fage  of  Pit  Mehemedy  without  dther  allo^l^ing  or  conteftii^ 

/i/rces,        his  denaand:  only  Jbdo'hj/U^  the  chief  doftor  in  all  Great 

Bukharia^  declared  in  exprefs  termsy  "  that  altho'  Ptr  Mehe- 

*     '    ",  med  was  the  appointfed  fuccedbr  of  Thn^^  yet  Heaven  had 

•^  not  favoured  his  caufe ;  for  that;  if  fortune  had  defigned 

**  him  for  the  empife,  he  would  have  been  near  the  capial  at 

*''Tindrs  death :  that  therefore  his  beft  way  would  be,  to 

•*  reft  content  with  what  God  had  ordaii^  him,  and  not  put 

**  it  to  the  hazaixi>  by  invading  the  property  of  another,  left 

'*  he  ftiould  lofe  the  fubftance   in  following  the  (hadow." 

Thcfe  anfwers  \VtjreTent:  but  Soltin  Kaltl,  judging  his  caufe 

flood  in  need  of  ftronger  arguments,  raifed  a  powerful  army, 

and  fent  it  ag^nfl:  Pir  Mehenied^  uwder  the  command  of  his 

coufm  Soltan  Hujfayn ;  accompanied  by  Kajuk,  Argun  Shahf 

rF)  The  Ferjiein  hirtoriatis  fay,     pofleflion  of  the  countries  to  the 
,^hdh  Rukh  confirmed  liFnt  in  the     noTih^  i^i  the  Jiliiit, 

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C.  6.  The  Rtign.^f  KM  SolAn. 

AlMhdad^  and  other  prindpal  Gete  commanders.  In  the  month 
of  Zi^lkaadeh  607  they  fct  forward ;  and,  being  arrived  at 
JSalk^  the  general  pretended  to  be  fick,  and  fent  for  all  the  ^ 
commanders,  as  if  to  confuit  about  the  war.  When  they 
were  aflembled  at  his  houfe,  he  fdl  upon  them  furioufly^  . 
ordering  thofe,  whom  Jie  had  placed  for  the  purpofe,  to  fpare 
none  who  refifted.  On  this  Qccafioa  Tufef,  an  eminent  com- 
mander, who  had  been  lieutenant  at  Samariant  in  Ttm{ir'% 
abfence,  wasflain^ 

Upon  this  fuccefe,  Soltin  Huffayn^  who  was  rafh  and  vio-  Soltdn 
lent,  paflionate  and  flafliy.  declared  hlmfelf  fovereign,  and  gotHuffayn 
the  people  to  acknowlegc  him  for  fuch.  As  to  the  officers^  remits. 
they  were  at  thdr  wits  end,  and  knew  not  what  to  think  oij 
.  this  occafion :  however ^  JilAhdidf  recovering  his  fenfes,  called 
out  to  let  him  know  he  h^d  fome  good  advice  to  give  hiiu. 
Then  takTng  him  afid^,  told  him,  "  that  he  was  abfolutely  devoted 
<*  to  his  feryice :  that  Kalil  Saltan  had  no  title  to  the  fove- 
"  reignty ;  and  that  if  he  (Soltan  Huffhyn)  had  but  acquainted 
*'  him  with  his  intentions,  he  v»ould  have  difpofed  matters  in- 
**  tirely  agreeable  to  his  wifties."  Hiiffhyriy  deluded  by  thefe 
and  the  like  fpeeches,  from  thenceforth  put  confidence  in  him ; 
and  firft  advifed  with  him,  if  he  Ihould  put  to  death  his  com- 
panions.' Jl/dhddd  made  ufe  of  feveral  plaufible  reafons,  to 
(hew  that  it  was  better  not  to  do  it :  and  knew  fo  well  how 
ta  ply  him  with  flattery  on  the  weak  fide,  that  he  quit^  di- 
verted him  from  that  defign  ;  yet  advifed  him,  for  his  better 
fecurit}%  to  keep  them  in  tetters. 

Sol  TAN  Hvffayn  followed  his  counfel ;  and,  having  t^ktn  Deferred, 
an  oath  of  fidelity  from  them,  turned  back  towards  Samara  andJUet. 
kant.  At  the  fame  time  he  fent  to  acquaint  Kalll  Solt^n^  that 
he  was  cdming  to  claim  a  ihare  of  his  uncle's  dominions,  as 
well  as  the  reft,  and  challenged  him  into  the  field.  Thea 
taking  a  new  oath  of  his  commanders,  fet  them  at  liberty^ 
and  reftored  them  to  their  refpe^tive  ports.  Kali!  Sohdrir 
who,  before  this,  had  been  informed  by  Jlldhddd  of  the  con- 
.dition  they  were  in,  immediately  fet  forward  to  meet  Hujfayn  i 
who,  with  his  ufual  imprudence,  gave  the  command  of  Ki^ 
right  wing  to  AUAhdM,  and  that  of  the  left  to  his  tWo  com- 
panions. When  the  two  armies  met,  and  were  ready  to  en- 
gage, all  thofe  commanders  went  over  to  Kali!  Soften  ;  f<y 
that  his  competitor,  finding  himfelf  abandoned,  fled  into  ASc?- 
raffdn^  to  his  Q,o\i{\^ Shtih  Mkh^  where'  be  foon  after  died, 
whether  a  natural  death,  or  by  poifoo,  is  not  known  ^, 

*  Arabshah,  Coat.  Hift.  T/m.  p.  94^-^1  oj.  *  Ibid* 

p.  103— 'loS-. 

4  MEAi^ 


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Hijiory  ^f  the  Moguls  md  Tatars.        B.  VI* 

Mean  time  Ptr  MrA<?m^^  continued  his  march,  and  came  at 
length  to  Nakjbab  (G),  where,  foon  after,  Kalil  Solthi  advanced 
'  againft  him  with  all  his  forces ;  and,  after  a  bloody  battle,  fought 
d^ir      on  the  ad  of  Ramazhn  808,  put  him  to  flight,  and  took  all  his 
^^    .  *    family  prifoners.    This  viftory  got  him  a  great  reputation,  and 
He/  808.  ^^°^^^  ^o  eftablifh  him  on  the  throne ;  while  JalMo'ddaiuUt^ 
a!  D.    ^^^  ^f  Soltan  Ahmed^  of  B^ghdad^  who  had  been  delivered 
i4#5.     out  of  prifon  by  Kalily  laid  hold  of  the  iunfture,  and  made 
his  efcapc  to  /r^^,  which,  it  was  faid,  had  thrown  off  the 
yoke  of  the  Jagatays.     On  the  other  fide,  Ptr  Mehemed^  be- 
ing returned  to  Kandahar ^  raifed  frefti  forces  ;  and,  repafBng 
the  JMn^  refolved  once  more  to  try  the  force  of  arms.    But 
his  troops  turned  their  backs  almoft  as  foon  as  the  fignal  was 
given  for  battle ;  and  he  fled  himfelf  for  fafety  to  a  oel^- 
bouring  caftle  called  Shaduman  (H).    As  the  enemy  immaii- 
ately  invefted  the  place,  and  he  had  not  men  enough'  to  defend 
it,  he  caufed  the  common  people  to  mount  the  walls ;  who^ 
being  accoutred  with  ftiam  armour,  made  for  the  occafion^ 
were  taken  for  foldiers  by  the  befiegers.     This  artifice  was  of 
GitHs  up   fervice  for  (ome  time :  but,  Being  at  length  difcovered,  he 
bis  claim,  found  there  was  no  way  left  for  him  but  to  afk  quarter ;  which 
was  granted  :  and  both  parties  came  to  an  agreement,  under 
oath,  to  relinquifh  all  claim  to  each  other's  territories,  and  live 
together  in  amity  for  the  futarc. 
Hit  couii'       P IR  Mehemed,  upon  tliis,  returned  to  his  own  dominions  : 
tryu/urfd.hnt  had  not  been  there  long,  hciovt'Pir  Alitdza^  his  wazir^ 
who  had  been  with  him  in  both  his  expeditions,  rebelled  againft 
him,  and  took  the  field  with  thofe  of  his  party.     Ptr  Mehe- 
m:d  marched  againll  him  with  his  troops ;  but  was  defeated, 
and  tak,en  prifoner.     After  which,  the  rebel  wazir,   to  found 
the  great  men  'of  the  ftate,  told  them  in  ambiguous  terms, 
**  that,  the  affairs  of  the  world  being  in  great  confufion,  there 
**  Appeared  manifcft  figns  that  the  laft  day  was  at  hand  :  this, 
**  fays  he,  is  the  time  of  antichrifts ;  the  deceivers  and  im- 
*.*  poftors  bear  the  fway.     Tint'^r  is  gone,  who  was  the  lame 
**  deceiver.     This  is   the  time  of  the  Bald  Impqftpr :   after 
"  whoiil,  the  blind  deceiver  will  come.     If  the  Bald  muft 
"  reign,  I  am  He."    As  nobody  returned  an  anfwer  to  his 
'  fatisfa^ion,  he  fummoned  the  governors  of  provinces,  to  fee 
what  he  could  do  with  them  :  but,  altho'  he  applied  to  them 
in  a  very  humble  manner,  they  paid  no  regard  to  his  fuit ; 
giving  him  to  underftand,  that  each  of  them  thought  himfelf 
as  deferving  of  the  fovereignty  as  he.     The  wazir,  finding  that 

(G '  Called  alfo  Na/ef,  and^     ,  (H)  Khafr  Shaduman,  or  \ht 

h# 

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C.  6.  The  Reign  of  Kalll  Soldn. 

he  could  not  gain  his  pohit,  without  any  more  ado,  repdred  to 
the  foltin  of  Herdt :  but  Shdh  Rukh,  inftead  of  giving  him  a 
kind'  reception,  puniflied  him  for  his  perfidy ;  and  afterwards  ' 
marched  to  conquer  the  country  of  Kandahar^  which  fubmit- 
ted  to  him  without  making  any  oppofition  K 

It  was  in  the  fame  year  that  the  Tatars  o(  R£m,vfhowcrc  Kara 
put  into  the  hands  of  y^rg^n  Shah  {I),  took  the  field,  and  at-  Tatars' 
tempted   to  break  their  captivity.     They  crofled  the  Jihun^'^^^*'' 
over  the  ice ;  and  left  Karazm^  in  order  to  return  to  their 
own  country  :  but  the  inhabitants  every-where  oppofmg  their 
flight,  and  being  no  better  united  among  themfehes  than  the 
troops  of  Irak  were  before,  the  fame  fate  happened  to  them  ; 
that  is,  they  remained  difperfed  thrb*  the  country. 

Afterwards  Idekas  ('*),  defcending  from  the  north  with' 
an  army  as  numerous  as  the  fands,  entered  the  provinces  of 
Khowarazm  {oxKarazm),  of'wYilchM^ftka  (K)  was  then  gover- 
nor. This  man,  affrighted  at  the  approach  of  xhtTatars,  aban- . 
dolled  the  country,  and  left  it  to  the  invader ;  who,  tTien  ad- 
vancing with  his  cavalry  towards  Bokhara^  ravaged  the  neigh- 
bouring territory,  and  returned,  after  having  chafed  the  Getes 
(L),  and  put  them  in  great  fear.  He  gave  the  government  of 
Karazm  io  one  Ti2imtd  Aiikas :  after  which,  thefe  parts  re- 
mained in  peace. 

While  Kalil  Soltm  was  employed  with  his  forces  againft  Kalfl 
.  Ptr  Mehenied,  KhodadM  and  Sheykh  Nuro'ddhiy  taking  ad-  SoltanV 
vantage  of  his  abfence,  approached  Samarkant  :  but,  not  fi^co/s* 
daring  to  attack  the  city,  which  fhut  its  gates  againft  them, 
they  ravaged  the  neighbouring  lands,  and  then  withdrew. 
AW//,  at  his  return,  gave  his  troops  a  little  reft ;  and  then 
fet  forward,  with  a  numerous  army,  to  ravage  their  territo- 
ries in  his  turn.  On  .his  arrival  at  the  Sihun  (or  Sir),  Shih 
Rtlkhtyazn^  Kojend  furrendered  immediately.  He  then  turned 
towards  Tdjbkunt ;  which,  after  a  ftiort  fiege,  likewife  fub- 
mitted.  Thefe  obftacles  being  removed,  he  marched  in  pur- 
fuit  of  6is  two  enemies,  who  ftill  fled  before  him,  waiting 
for  an  opportunity  to  furprife  him,  which  at  length  had  like 
to  have  happened  :  for,  one  night,  at  a  place  called  Sarbekhan, 
advancing  alone  before  the  baggage,  they,  on  notice  given  by 
their  fpies,  who  were  always  in  his  army,  fent  out  a  troop  to 

^  Arabsh.  ubi  fup.  p. 409— '449. 

(I)  Thefe  were  the  ^«rtf  7a-        (K)  He  was  appointed  govcr- 
t^rs  (jpoken  of  before,  p.  347.  .     nor  by  Timur  :n  1 591. 

(*)    Or  //^/f«,  made  khan  of        (L)  By  Gefes,  or  Jefah,  here 
Kjpjdk  by  fimur.  See  p.  na.  -       are  to  be  underHood  the  forces* 

iwdfr  K/AtSoif^. 

meet 


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meet  and  take  him :  but,  loddly,  a  party  ^  hi$  caraliy, 
who  were  iieparated  from  the  reft,  comii^  up  at  the  fame 
^  time,  he  efcaped  that  immioent  danger  ;  after  wfaidi,  die 
enemy  difperfing  themfelves  thro'  the  deiarts,  he  gave  over 
the  chace,  and  returned  to  his  dominions  ^ 
Shiykh  Mean  dme,  as  the  friendihip  between  Khodadod  mad  Sheyidi 

N6ro'd.    Nuro'ddin  was  not  very  folid,  they  fell  at  variance,  each  a^ire- 
din  f#-     ing  to  the  fole  command.    At  length  the  latter,  redring  to* 
turns.        ward  Sagn^^  made  himfelf  matter  of  it ;  and  foon  after,  (sat 
to  aik  Kalil  SoUan^s  pardon  for  his  paft  fault,  deiiring  to  be 
reftored  to  his  favour.     Kalil  readily  granted  his  demand  | 
and,  to  afHire  him  of  his  good-will,  fent  him  Tumdrui,  one 
of  Timor's  wives  ;  after  which,  they  continued  in  ftiendfliip 
during  his  reign.     But,  after  Siab  Mii  had  eftablifhed  his 
power  in  Samarkant^  Shah  Mdlek  went  tQ  Sagndk,  under  pre> 
tence  of  paying  him  a  viiit,  and  renewing  their  andent  friend' 
(hip.     Mutual  oaths  of  fincerity  having  been  taken,  Sheykh 
Ni^ro'dMn^  at  the  requeft  of  the  other,  came  out  of  the  caftie 
on  horfeback,  to  give  him  an  interview.    After  they  had  on- 
braced,  and  talked  awhile  in  an  amicable  manner,  Shah  MMt 
retired  to  his  troop ;  where  he  ftaid  till  his  men  went  and 
treacle-    P^^  their  refpefts  to  Sheykh  Nuro*ddin.    J^mong  the  reft, 
TQuJlyJltun,  there  was  one  Argudak,  a  very  big  and  ftrong  man,  whom 
Shah  Mtdek  had  engaged"  to  perpetrate  his  defign.     When  this 
perfon  came  up,  he  kifled  Nuro'ddirC^  hand  ;  but  at  the  fame 
time,  feizing  him  by  the  neck,  pulled  him  off  his  horfe;  and, 
throwing  him  on  the  ground,  cut  off  his  head  in  fight  of  all 
'  his  people.   When  Styah  Rtikh  heard  of  this  treacherous  adion^ 
he  was  gready  grieved ;  and  curfed  Shah  Mdlek,  whom  he 
reproached  in  bitter  terms.     As  for  Jrgudak,  he  ordered  him 
to  be  baflonadoed  fevcrely  in  public  ;  and  was  a  long  time  be* 
fore  he  would  fee  either  of  them, 
Termed        In  the  month  of  Sqfar  8io,  Kalil  Soltan  fent  a  party  of 
rebuilt,      foldiers,  under  the  command  of  JlMhddd,   and  fome  othef 
Hcj.  810.  captains,  to.  rebuild  Termed,  which  had  Iain  in  ruins  c^ 
A.  D.    fince  the  dme  of  Jenghtz  Khhn.    Thefe  commanders,  divide- 
Ho?'    Ing  the  work  among  them,  not  only  railed  the  waJls  to  a 
height  not  to  be  fcaled  5  but  alfo  built  houfes,  ^4  other  places, 
fit  for  inhabitants, .  within  the  fpacc  of  fifteen  diys*    After 
this,  they  gave  notice  to  the  defcendants  of  the  antient  pof- 
feflbrs,  to  come  and  dwell  in  die  new  cky  (M)  :  but  theft 

people, 

^  ArabshaHi  ubi  fitp,  p.  96.  and  Itd-^ii}. 

(M)  The  old  city  was  built  on  _  die  neighbouring  coantry,  and 
to  eminence  which  comoiaad^d    the  Jilmn  ran  at  the  foot  of  the 

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G.  6.  The  Rtign  ofVidXil  Soldn: 

people,  ha^ng  fettled  themfelves  in  the  gardens  and  plains  of 
the  old  town,  which  was  about  a  league  diftant,  chofe  rather 
to  continue  where  they  were.  Hereupon  Jl/dhdad  tankd  pro- 
clamation to  be  made  thro'  the  country,  for  peopling  the  city ; 
gfanting  the  property  of  the  houfes  to  thofe'  who  firft  fliould 
take  poflefEon  of  them  :  by  which  means,  in  a  little  time. 
New  Termed  was  filled  with  inhabitants,  and  Ibon  became  \ 
flourij(hing  city. 

As  foon  as  Shah  R4kh  heiard  of  this  proceeding,  he  fcnt  a  Shah 
troop  alfo  under  Marzab^  brother  of  Jehdn  Shiih,  with  orders,  Rukh'x 
in  like  manner,  to  rebuild  the  caftle  named  the  Fort  of  the  t^*^^^* 
Indians^  which  flood  in  the  extremie  end  of  Khorajfan,  oh  the 
JihAn^  dppofite  to  Termed.     The  fort  was  finiftied  without 
any  inteituption  from  Jlldhddd,  who  always  lived  in  peace  and 
friendfliip  with  Marzab. 

After  this,  Soltan  Ahmed  and  Kara  Tifef  returned  ami- 
cably to  Ir&k  Jrabi ;  and,  while  the  former  re-eftabliflied  him- 
felf  at  BdghdM,  the  latter  made  war  upon  the  Getes  (N) :  from 
whom  he  conquered  the  province  of  Azerhejtriy  after  he  had 
defeated  their  armies,,  and  flain  the  Mirza  Mirhn  Shhhy  as  will 
be  fet  forth  hereafter.  As  for  Per/tan  Irdk,  it  was  at  peace 
under  the  fovereignty  of  Ptr  Omar  :  but  one  of  his  near  rela- 
tions, named  Ejidnder,  rebelled  againft  him,  and  feized  the 
throne,  after  defeating,  and  taking  him  prifoher.  Hereupon 
Shdh  i^j^^A  marched  to  attack  the  ufurper ;  whom,  having 
feized,  he  put  to  death,  and  took  pofleffion  of  his  dominions. 
By  this  conqueft  all  Jjem  (O)  fell  under  the  power  of  Shak 
Rukh^  who  enjoyed  the  whole  without  a  rival ;  his  father  hav- 
irg,  in  his  life-time,  cut  off  all  the  princes  of  note  in  that 
large  country,  who  might  have  given  him  any  difturbance". 

TitERE  feems  to  be  fome  miftake  in  this  account  of -^ro^-  -4^>J  of 
fbah^  \idth  relation  to  the  affairs  of  Perftan  Irak ;  at  leaft,  it  ^r^^* 
does  not  agree  with  the  memoirs  or  extrafts  which  we  meet 
with  from  other  authors.  It  has  been  obferved  in  the  reign  of 
Timur  Beky  that  he  had  inverted  his  tliird  fon  Mirdn  Shdh 
vnth  the  government  of  Azetbejan,  Mm  (or  Anatolia)^  ^dth 
Syrtay  as  far  as  Egy^t :  but,  on  that  prince's  lofing  his  undcr- 
fianding  by  a  fall,  he,  in  i'404,  transferred  that  grant  to  Omar 

"*  Arabsh.  ubi  fap.  p.  122 — 128. 

rock  on  whidi  its  walls  were  is,  the  troops  of  Titfiir  and  his 

built  :  but  the  new  city  flood  on  defcendants. 
a  flat,  and  at  a  diftance  from        (O)  Thkt  is,  the  country  of 

tic  river.     Jrabjhah.  the  barbarians ;  fo  the  jirah*  call 

(N)  So  Arahjhah  terms  thofe  Irdn^  or  Pcrfia  at  large. 
^^Kom  others  c«Jl  Jagatays^  that 

Mod.  Hist.  Vol.  V.  ^   B  b  Mlrza^ 

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Mirza,  fccond  fon  of  MirAn  SMh ;  wRh,  tKls  fkr&fer  autho- 
rity,   that  the  governments  of  Perfian  Irdk   and  Pin  (or 
'  Pr(^er  Perfia),  then  in  the  hands  of  Ruftem^  aiid  his  brother 
Pir  Mehemed^  ftiould  be  fubjeft  to  him.     On  Tim&r'%  death* 
While  Kalil  Soltin  and  Ptr  Mehented  were  ftru^lil^  for  th« 
iucceffion,  ^m^r  attacked  his  elder  brother  Ahuhekr^  who,  in 
JI403,  had  RdghdadtkndJrM  Arabi  granted  hint ;  and,  hiT- 
ing  lurprifed  him  at  Soltaniya^  in  Perfian  Irhky  took  him  pii- 
foner :  but  Ab&hekr  made  his  lefcape,  and,  gatherfa^  forces, 
obliged   Omar  Mlrza  to  fly  to   ShAh  Rikkhy    in   Khorngh* 
Shah  iRukh,  to  make  him  amei?ds  for  the  lofs  of  Ms  donri' 
iions,  gave  him  Jftarabid  and  MazanderAn  for  his  foj^ort : 
but,  being  of  a  reftlefs  temper.  Shah  Rttkh  was  conftrained  to 
bring  him  to  reafon  by  force  of  arms.     Omar  fledj-^cfigning 
to  get  to  Samarkant :    but,  being  purfued  by  the  foltan^ 
troops,  he  was  overtaken  at  the  river  Morgah,  fonte  le^;Qes  to 
the  north  of  Herat,  where  he  was  flaini  \    The  Pir  Omar 
of  Arahjhah  is,  doubtlefe,   the  Omar  Mtrza  ci  the  Prrfan 
liiftorians.     That  author  feems  to  have  miftaken  AH  EjHiakr^ 
Ion  of  Omar  Sheykh  (to  whom,  in  805,  Timir  ^at^c  the  go* 
vernment  of  Hamadtn,   and  the  adjacent   territories**),  for 
Jbubekr,  brother  of  Omar  Mirza  ;  and  the  death  of  J^Mtr 
for  that  of  Omar.     Our  extrafts  from  the  Person  hiftorians 
fio  not  fay  Sh^h  RM  feized  Ofnarjs  dominions,  either  on  the 
Bight  or  death  of  that  prince ;  yet,  as  we  find  hun  in  poflcfliob 
bf  Perfian  Ir^k,  at  the  time  he  took  poflcffion  of  the  countries 
beyond  the  yiA^w,  it  may  be  prefumed,  that  he  Jjecame  mafler 
of  k  one  of  thofe  times. 
Troubles    ;   About  this  time  all  the  ftrangers,  who  had  for  many  years 
at  Samar-  pall  flocked  to  Samarkant,  began  to  abandon  it,  on  account 
tsknti        o(  the  fcaicity  and  dearnefs  of  provifions;     Some  retired,  with 
^eave,    to  their  refpeftive  countries  :   others  went  away  by 
Ilealth.    At  length,  plenty  returning^  the  inhatntants  enjoyed 
4l^e  fweets  of  peace :  but  this  tranquillity  did  not  long  fob- 
lift.     Kalil  Saltan  had  married  Shadi  Malk,  the  relift  of  ^mir 
Sayfo'ddin  before-meotioned ;  and  fo  doated  on  her,  that  he 
iet  her  do  whatever  ftie  plcafed,  and  tranfafted  nochiag  with- 
jDUt  her  advice.     This  princefs  had  an  antient  fervant,  named 
^aba  TermeSy  a  perfon  of  mean  defcenf,  with  fquinting  eje?, 
and  a  face  full  of  oimples,  rude  and  ill-bred.     As,  oa  her  iwi' 
vancement,  her  domeftics  ftiared  in  her  good  fprtune,  B^ 
7'ermei,  who  Was  the  chfcf  6f  them,  became  a  great  man. 

"  D^Herbei..  blbl.  orient,  p.  20.  &  693.  art.  Abttbekr  &  Omir 
IKrza.       •  Sec  before,  p.  357. 

frofli 


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From  the  managepdeiit  of  his  miftre&'s  aHairs,  he  by  degree 
ffofe  to  the  moft  im|)ortant  employments  of  the  (late ;  and  at 
length  difpofed  of  all  things  at  pleafure,  without  any  r^ard  ' 
cither  to  JlWuMd  or  Jrg^n  StM,  whole  orders  he  often  fet 
aiide. 

Thesb  two  lords,  enraged  to  be  treated  in  fuch  a  naanner  So/t^m- 
by  thi§  wpftart,  oa  cqnfulting  how  to  remedy  the  evil,  could  Kalil 
tiiink  of  no  better  expedient j  than  to  make  their  cafe  known  iftrajed^ 
to  Kbodad4dy  and  adrife  him  to  march  his  forces  towards  Sa* 
markant ;  during  him  that  he  might  do  it,  without  the  leaft 
danger.  ijio^^Eiid!!^  accordingly  fet  forward, 'marching  flowly 
till  he  came  to  Ourataba.  '  As  foon  as  Kaltl  Soltdn  heard  cf 
this  movenient,  he  ailembled  a  numerous  army,  and  fent  it 
agaioft  the  enemy,  under  the  command  of  AlUlfdM  and  Jr^ 
gun  Shah.  Thefe  generals  took  the  field :  but,  inftead  of 
fighting  the  rebels,  they  fent  for  ^  more  forces ;  and  at  length 
Intreatcd  KaJU  SoHin  to  come  himfelf  in  perfon,  as  the  fureft 
l&eans  to  repulfe  the  enemy.  The  deluded  prince,  fufpefting 
no  treachery,  immediately  fet  forward  with  his  courtiers ;  ot 
which  JllahdM  gave  notice  to  Kboda4»d :  who  thereupon, 
inarching  in  the  night,  came  up  with  Kalil  Soltdn's  train,  near 
SoltSn'tya,  a  little  city  built  by  Thi^r ;  and  fiirrounded  them, 
before  they  were  apprifed  of  their  danger  p. 

The  prince  and  his  attendants  did  not  fail  to  make  a  va-  j^  ^^|^ 
liant  defence  :  but,  as  th^  were  only  a  hand&l  of  men,  thej  pri/omr^ 
.were  foon  defeated  ;  and,  after  mpft  of  them  had  been  flain, 
KaMlSoltan  fell  into  the  hands  of  his  enemy,  who  carried  him 
to  his  camp.  When  he  was  arrived  there,  KbodadM  pro- 
wled, with  the  moft  folemn  o^ths,  that  he  had  no  defign  tp 
iiurt  him  in  the  leaft ;  and  that  he  would  foon  give  him  an  in- 
conteftable  proof  of  his  finccrity.  In  the  mean  time  he  de* 
iired  KalU  Saltan  to  fend  orders  to  JllihdM,  and  thofe  he  com- 
manded to  fun:eader,  without  making  any  refiftance ;  which 
was  accordingly  done.  KhodadM,  being  by  this  means  be- 
coipe  matter  of  all  the  forgss  of  the  country,  began  his  march 
towards  Samarkanty  without  takmg  notice  of  AllahdM,  and 
thofe  of  his  party ;  who  now,  too  late,  found  that  he  was  de- 
-cdyed  ia  his  hopes,  and  ruined  beyond  redrcfs,  This  revdu- 
Cion  ha»p€»ied  in  the  year  .8 12. 

As  ioon  as  Khodadkd  arrived  at  Samarkant,  he  turned  every  Khoday- 
thing  upfide  down,  and  let  nothing  remain  which  had  been  did  u/urfs. 
eOabliflied*    He  made  hi$  ;foo,  named  AUAhd$d,  to  aflbme  the 

f  Ar^^bsh.  ttbi  f»q>.  p.  i2i^— 13J. 

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Hijt0ry  of  ihe  Mogak  and  T^tZT^.        B.VI. 

title  of  iSo/fin  (P),  before  witnefles ;  and,  in  ihort,  indrely 
changed  the  ftate  of  afiairs.  When  this  news  was  brought  to 
Shdh  Rukhf  he  was  greatly  moved ;  and,  refolving  to  revenge 
the  alFront  done  to  his  father's  houfe,  ilTued  orders  for  aflem* 
bling  all  his  forces.  Mean  time  he  detached  Shah  Mdlek^  with. 
a  powerful  army,  to  ftop  the  progrefs  of  the  riebellion ;  and 
followed  himfelf  foon  after,  with  the  reft  of  hb  troops.  Kho- 
dadM^  on  advice  of  this  formidable  march,  knowing  Mmfdf 
not  able  to  refift  fuch  a  power,  and  fearing  either  to  be  de- 
ferted,  or  delivered  up  by  his  foUowers,  thought  it  beft  to 
provide  for  his  Safety  in  time.  Accordingly,  after  he  had 
ieized  all  the  treafure  he  could  find,  and  packed  up  as  much 
rich  furniture  as  he  could  conveniently  carry  off,  he  fet  oot 
for  Andekan  ;  leaving  Alldhdad,  Argtln  Shdh,  and  Baba  Tmner, 
fliutupin  the  caftle  of  Samarkant^  not  caring  to  embarrafi 
himfelf  with  their  company. 
FlUsftom  >  But,  altho*  he  todc  Kalil  Soltan  along  with  him,  he  left 
Samar-  i^jg  dearly-beloved  ShM  Mult  behind,  whom  he  had  reduced 
kant,  f^^^  ^^  £^^g  ^£  grandeur  to  a  very  low  condition.  After  his 
departure;  the  people,  being  left  without  a  commander,  took 
care  of  their  own  interefb  the  beft  they  could.  JMhdM  and 
ArgAn  Shah  were  defirous  to  march  out,  and  meet  Shah  RM^ 
who  now  approached  the  city :  but  Jbdo'Iwai,  followed  by 
the  rabble,  would  not  permit  them.  This  doftor  had  great 
authority  among  the  populace ;  and,  during  the  ihort  inter- 
,  regnum,  difpofed  of  things  at  pleafure.     He  continually  in- 

cenfed  the  people  againft  JMhdAd  and  his  aflbciates,  till*  fuch 
time  as  Shah  Mdkk  and  Shah  Mkh  arrived.  As  foon  as  this 
^prince  drew  near  Samarkanty  the  citizens  went  out  to  meet 
him ;  and,  with  joyful  acclamations,  conducted  him  into  the 
city,  where  he  quickly  fet  things  in  order.  As  to  MidhdM 
and  his  coilegues,  he  caufed  them  to  be  feized ;  and  piit  to 
death,  after  they  had  undergone  the  moft  cruel  torments :  only 
B6ba  Termes  was  refpited  for  foine  time  longer,  that  he  might 
receive  the  punifhment  in  this  life  due  to  his  crimes.  But  he 
with  Ka-  eluded  their  defign  :  for  one  day,  pretending  that  he  had  hid- 
lil  Soltan.  den  treafure  in  a  certain  place,  when  he  came  to  a  deep  pond, 
which  lay  in  the  road,  he  on  a  fudden  wrefted  himfelf  out  of 
the  hands  of  his  guards,  and  jumped  into  the  water,  where 
he  was  drowned  In  their  fight  *». 

^  Arabsh.  ubi  fap.  p.  135-^141..     • 

(P)  Perhaps  it  (hould  be  khan  j    fucceiEoD  of.  thf  line  of  JtngUf^ 
for  Kalti  had  alfo  made  a  khan,     Khin^ 
.to  keep  up  the  appearance  of  a 

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C.6.  The  Reign  of  KaUl  SoMn.   .  589 

•  Wh^n  things  were  a  little' fettled,  SMh  R6kh  went  to      A.  J>. 
vifit  the  tomb  of  his  father  5  where  he  caufed  all  the  funeral      H07- 
derenaonies  to  be  performed  as  had  been  done  before.    After  ^""^'""^ 
this,  he  ordered  moft  part  of  the  rich  moveables,  the  arms,  ^^^y^ 
and  Other  things  of  value,  which  were  in  the  fepulchre,  to  be     " 
carried  into   the  magazines  ;    plundering  the  treafures,  and  ^*  ^'^^ 
fearching  the  moft  fccret  places  for  hidden  wealth.    At  length 
his  officers  feized  on  Shadi  Mulk,  and  made  her  fuffer  a  thou- 
fand  indignities :  they  tortured  her,  to  difcover  her  efFefls ; 
and,  when  they  had  gotten  all  from  her,  led  her  in  chains 
thro*  the  ftreets,  fliouting  after  her  as  an  infamous  \vom^n; 
Mean  time  KhoJaddd,  being  come  to  JndMn,  entered  into  ^n 
agreement  with  Kdlil  SoMdn^  and  promifed  never  to  do  him 
any  injury  for  the  future ;  afluring  him  withal,  that  this  dif- 
grace  had  never  happened  to  hiifi,  but  thro'  thfe  Jjerfidy  of 
JlldhdM  and  ^rg&n  Shdh,    He  urged  this  difcovery  as  a  proof  1 

of  his  fincerity  \  arid,  tho'  he  put  the  prince  in  mind  of  his 
attempt  to  poifon  him,  yet  declared  he  was  fo  far  from  re- 
venging  it,  that  he  would  do  his  utmoft  to  re-eftablifti  him  in 
his  dominions.  .       .    •       4^  - 

After  this    KhodadM  caufed  the  kotbah  to  be  made  in  Khoda- 
the  name  of  Kaitl  Soltdn,  throughout  Turkefidn ;  and  then;  dsdJIatMl 
leaving  him  at  Andekdn,  departed,  in  order  to  demand  fuc- 
cours  of  the  Mungls  (Q^)  in  his  behjlf.   The  Mungls,  as  hath 
been  obferved  before,  had,  on  the  death  of  Tipitir,  come  to  an 
^eement  vnih  Khodaddd :  they  Uk^vife  fent  ambafTadors,  with 
rich  prefents,  to  Kalil  Spit  An ;  who  received  them  with  great 
civility,    and  difmifled  them  loaded  with  favours.     As  this  '       .  " 
amity  was  ftriftly  cultivated  afterwards  with  the  Mungls;,  ^s 
foon  as  Khodadid  zxnvtA  among  them,  they  feized  his  perfon,     ^"'"    '  '^ 
zx\A  fent  advice  thereof  to  Kalil  Soltan  ;    acquainting  him, 
"that  they  were  ready  to  obey  his  commands,  either  in  put- 
"  ting  Khodaddd  to  death,  as  the  author  of  bis  prefeht  mif- 
"  fortunes;  or' fending,  by  him,  the  fuccours  which  he  had 
"  delired  in  his  name,"     K'altl  Soltdn,  In  anfwer  to  this  mef. 
fage  of  the  Mungls,  fet.forth  the  miferable  condition  to  which 
that  amir  had  reduced  him;  adding,  "that  he  now  placed 
"  him  (the  prince)  as  a  buckler  before  him,  to  ward  off  the 
"  ftrokcs  of  his  own  bad  fortune.'*    'Then  he  told  them, 
**  that,  as,th^y^knew  better  than  he  what  defigns  Khodaddd 

(Q^)The  P^rfian  hiftorians  ilfawg*/ prince  punifhed  the  trai- 

fay,,  that    Khodaddd  called   in  tor,  and  fent  his  head  to  $kih 

$hamd  Jehdn,  kingof  the  Mungls,  Rukh.     D'Herhel.   bibl.   orient 

to  take  poffeffioD  of  Kalil  Sol-  p.  770.  art.  Sch2|^  Rokh. 
tan'i  dominions :  but  that  thd 

B  b  3  ['  had 

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Hijiory  dflkt  Mogids  and  Tatanu       B .  Vf , 

*'  had  In  view ;  lie  theldbre  left  it  to  diem,  to  aft  ki  the  «(? 

fair  as  they  ftioQld  judge  moft  expedient/' 

.  On  the  receipt  of  this  anfwer,  the  Mumgls  imasediatelycnl 

^T^y       off  that  comm«Mler*s  head,  and  fent  it  to  Kaltl  SoltSn ;  wto 

^^J^^       thenceforward  continued  on  the  frontiers  of  %irkc^tny  amnfii^ 

rV^      himfelf  with  compofing  el^ies,  in  Perfian^  on  the  abfenoe  of 

bi$  beloved  Shidi  Mulk^  in  terms  cap^k  of  moviog  the  verjr 

rocks.    At  length,  no  longer  able  to  fqpport  his  uoeafine(i^ 

he  marched  with  his  troops  towards  Samarkanty  and  pat  hioi^ 

felf  into  the  hand$  of  his  uncle.    ShSh  Rukh  r^ved  him  Witii 

iionour ;  and,  withoet  fpeaking  of  the  e^  that  were  peft^ 

delivered  up  to  him  the  chief  objeA  of  Ms  affeftioas.    After 

uus,  leaving  at  Samafkant  hb  £bn  Ohgh  Bek^  to  -govern  thaf 

province,  he  returned  to  iGmafflin ;  otfrying  with  him  JKf/tf 

SoltAfif  to  whom  he  2^tei:wards  gave  the  command  of  the 

^is  iioth.  country  depend^t  On  Ray  (R) :  Djat  he  did  not  eDJoy  that 

fettlement'loi^ ;  for  he  fpon  after  died,  by  m^ans  dF  a  dofe 

which  his  uncle  caufed^io  be ^ivin  to.  him  privately;  and,  by 

his  death,  {>Ut  an  end  to  the  troubles  in  which  the  country  had 

t)een  involved.     Sh^  Mulky  unable  to  bear  this  Qew^[ffii^tio|i, 

thruft  apo^;nard  thro'  her  throat-;  knd  was  bufied  i^  B^  n^ 

^  (aoK^  tpmb  with  her  i:^^;tiia^  coafort  ^ 

€  H  A  P.    VH. 

rbr Reign  ^  Shah  Riiklu 

%.  Sliih  ^Y  thiis  conqueft,  or  rather  voluntary  fubmiflion,  dt  Great 

Rfikh.  Sifklidria,  Sh4h  Mkh  became  peaceable  pofleflbr  of  th^ 

^-J—  L*  ^eater  part  of  the  empire  of  his  father  Tmir :.  for,  befideii^ 

that  targe  region,  he  Was  mafter  of  Rarazm^  KbaraJJhh  Kan- 

tiabar,  and  part  of  Bin^An,  JorjAiu  MazkiderSofiy  PctfioM, 

Jrik^  P^rjy  Xermin ;  and,  in  fliort,  all  th^  country  of  irJu^ 

fir  Perfia  at  largei  as  far  as  the  province  of  ;^zerbjejan,  whi(i 

Vas  fben  in  Tul^eftioQ  to  Kara  Tufef  the  Turkman  \    Heno^ 

It  appeai^s,  that  Shdh  Rukh^  when  Kahl  Spltdn  re(^[ned  die 

jSicceflJon  to  Wm,  was  not  pofi^fled  of  much  above  half  of 

%is  father's  empire  to  the  fouth  of  the  JiMfu^  or  jim^  i  tho* 

Ik  mi^  be  cbofeiTed,  that  the  countries  to  th^  weft  of  Per/to^ 

^  A^ABS|i.  ub}  fup.  p.  i4;-r-i45^  •  Ibid.  p.  146. 

''(R)  t* hi?  Perfion  hiftonans  fa^r,    fhenvrtht)fthe7ri&w,  wiifi  wKA 
be>  give  him  t?hf  proviDQes    he  invcfted  {//iri  J5^,  or  OM 


t5 


'  Pfrfian  Irak  tmd  JtMrbe;an\n    iek.     D^HerMot,  bS>l.   oncBt 
^^pohi^^  for  ^  i>r<riinec8  .to    p.  77<j..  art.  Sch«h  Rokh. 

Digitizedi^yVjOOQlC 


ir^  y^^  %>t  intirely  f)|bj^  tp  that  conquefjor ;  ^ho,  \xs 
So  5^  ^iYi^  M>l^  WP^  ^  th}'ee  eldeft  foos  of  Miran  Shah ; 
Ah^hsir,  Oi^ar^  %ni  Kalfl  SoltAUi  juil  now  mentioned.  To 
the  firft  ))fi  gaye  ^i^alfian  Jr4k »  Omar  yras  invefled  ^^th  4zery 
tef^t  fU^m  gf  Jqgulia,  ^nd  Syria,  as  fet  for^  in  ^he  ragt^ 
i^  Ka^}  Soljjn;  who  had  fpr  his  fliare  Jrmcriuk,  Jirrdn, 
(^^^ff^j  ai^  Trqbiz^ond.  It  m^y  be  proper,  therefore,  ia  this 
p]ya^,  tp  inquine  how  the  dogmuons  gr^^ted  to  theip  thr^ 
l^ri^^ice^  qupe  to  be  i^« 

Wlf ^N  TiT/^iJr  mfde  a  gi^nt  (^  Ar(ii>iqt^  Ir&k  to  4H^^^^  ^  Omar 
^f^  j^n  i^  the  haq^s  of  Aar^  t|/^;  who,  pa  his  retur^i  tal^lx^ 
^0^  *?yrftf ,  whither  he  h^d*  fled  from  the  jirms  oiF  Tim^r^ 
i^  feii^ed  it,  on  fomj^  difgull  ?gainft  Soltari  Ahmedy  whom  I\e 
4rove  out  of  the  province  *  :  but  Abt^hekry  advancing  w^th  a 
^perior  fprce,  ob^ged  the  Turkm^  to  abandon  Irdk\  and 
f^^b^ilt  Ufighddiy  according  to  his  gqin4fathqr's  diredion^* 
^ter  {Ti'/piiJr's  de^th*  Omar  IVUrza^  coveting  to  join  his  brother 
^bfi^kr^s  territories  to  his  own,  made  war  upon  him ;  an4, 
joying  fjujgirifed  bim  in  the  city  of  Soltdntya  (in  Perfian  Ird^), 
)to€>k  Bm  prifon^r.  By  this  means  Ir4k  fell  into  tl^  hands  pf 
OmoTy  with  the  city  of  B^hd^d,  its  capital  ^.  Soon  after, 
Soltan  Abrn^d,  whom,  with  Kara  T4fef,  the  foltan  of  Egy^t 
h^  fet  at  liberty,  on  receiving  news  of  the  death  of  Tim^r^ 
jggl  privately  into  B^ffdad,  with  fome  of  his  friends,  in  dif* 
fgife;  and,  exciting  a  leditioa  againft  Ojnar'%  governor,  the 
|j^pl^  drove  oyt  the  latter,  and  proclaimed  Ahmed  foltan; 

*  J^E^^  tii^e  Abiikekr^  escaping  put  of  prifon,  ralfed  force;^,  Recoverei 
a^d  drpye  Omar  out  of  his  dqminSpns,  which  he  fopn  became  h  Abd- 
jS^fter  pf ;  ^md,  while  he  va$  exiftpipy^d  at  thp  iiege  of  IfpA-  b^^r, 
ii«,  tow^^  the  end  of  ^he  year  ?o8,   the  AmiV  JhrMiimy 
co|n\qg  put  pf  Sbirwdn  (A),-  feized  the  city  <rf"  Tauris  :  byit 
was  foon  obliged  to  quit  it  on  the  approach  of  Soltan  Ahmed, 
!iriio  th\i$  was  re-eftabliflied  in  all  his  dominipns.    However. 
JbrdMm  having,  in  809,  reduced  ^dhin  (B),  foon  obliged    ^'  ^* 
Ahmed  to  quit  Tauris »   and  retire  to  Bdghddd;  and,  Omar    H^S^ 

•  Sec  Vol.  Vt  p.  103,  &  (ca.  ^  D'Herb,  bib!, 

orient,  p.  20.  &  693.  art.  Aboubjckr  Sc  Omar  Mirza. 

(A)  This  feems  to  be  SKe^kh  ftory  of  any  of  thefe  princes  con- 

Ibrdhm,  king  of  Shirwan,  fpo-  iiftent  either  with  that  of  the 

ken  of  lower  down  :  but  indeed  reft,  pr  with  itfelf. 
there  is  fo  gr^at  defectivenefs        (B)  Perhaps  Ihrdhim  is  put 

and  confuiion  either  in  the  ori-  here,  by  miftake,  for  Abubekri 

ginal  authors,  or  thofe  who  have  or  was  an  ailiftant  to  the  latter, 

giveik  us  the  abftradls,  that  'tis  who,  we  find,  but  a  little  before 

fearcepoffible  to  make  the  hi-  befieged  the. iame  city*  \ 

B  1?  4  being  j 

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39^  mftory  of  the  Moguls.  tf»J  Tatars.      R.Vt, 

2.  Shah  being  fex)n  after  flain  in  KhoraJfAn^  by  the  troops  of  Sh&hRukb, 
R&kh.    Jbubekr^  by  his  death,   remained  in  peaceable  pofleiSqn  rf 
^-^^^^  Tauris,     But  this  prince,  though  brave,  was  unfortunate,  and 
did  not  long  enjoy  either  his  own  or  his  brother  Omar's  terri- 
tories t  for  Kara  Tti/ef  (who,  as  foon  as  he  was  freed  firom 
his  Egyptian  bondage,  had,  with  his  Turkmdns^  feized  great 
part  of  Arabian  Irdk^  and  Al  Ja,zireh^  or  Me/qpotamia),  taking 
advantage  of  thefe  divifions  which  reigned  among  thofe  princes, 
entered  Azerbejdn  with  frefti  and  warlike  troops,  in  .order  to 
conquer  it.     Abitbekr  hereupon  advanced  with  his  forces  to 
A.  D.     repel  the  invader ;  and,*  in  8io,  fought  two.  battles  with  the 
1407.     TurkmdnSj  on  the  banks  of  the  Euphrates  (C) :  both  wiich  he 
loft ;  and,  in  the  firft,  his  father  Miran  Shdh^  who  accompa- 
nied him  in  that  expedition,  was  flain.    .    . 
Conquered      After  the  laft  defeat,  Jbibekr  fled  tp  the  pro:nnce  of 
^  Kara     Kermmiy    and  from  thence  to   that  of  Sajeftdriy    ox  Sifting 
Vufef ;      where  having  raifed  forces,  he  fet  out  to  return,  with  defige 
to  make  head  againft  th^  Turkmans ^  and  drive  them  out  of 
Azerh^an  :  but,  in  his  way  back,  he  was  killed  ^  (t)).  -  'Mean 
time  Kara  TUfef  went  on  with  his  conquefts  ;  and,  in  two  or 
three  years,   piade  himfelf  mafter  of  that  province.     Then, 
leaving  Tauris  in  a  good  pofture  of  defence,  he  marched  againft 
"Kara  Ozinan  Bayanduri  (of  the  White  Sheep  dynafty),  who  wa$ 
then  pofTefled  of  Diydrbekr ;  which,  on  |^e  otlier's  approach, 
he  abandoned  ^.     During  his  abfence,  Soltan  Ahmed^  not  abk 
to  bear  the  lois  of  Azerbejany  which  he  confidered  as  his  pa- 
trimony, in  8 1 2  he  fet  forwards ;  and,  the  next  year,  furprifed 
Tauris y  without  meeting  any  refiftance.     Kara  Yufef  no  iooixic 
received  advice  of  this  ill  turn  wWch  the  foltan  had  done  huri, 
than  he  marched  againft  him  with  a  puiflant  army,  and  ovei^ 
threw  him  two  leagues  from  Txturis  ;  in  fuch  a  manner,  that 

^  '  .  ^  MiRKQND  &  KoNDAMiR  ap.  D'Hcrbel.  p.  io.  &  150.  art. 

Abottbekr  and  Avis;  alfo  Texbira,  p.  321.  J24.  4  Ibid. 

(C)  Probably  in  the  neigh-    beloty  who  quotes  both  Mirini 
.  bourhood  of  Baghdad,  oxHella:^    anjl  Kojidamir^  in  the  article  of 

yet    Texeirfi     (from.    Mirkand)  Ab^ekvy  Siyiy\^  died  in  %(/^ 

p.  324.  mentions  a  battle  fought  tan,  after  "having  raifed  forcc$t(^ 

.  hear  Nakhjhi^dn  (near  the  river  nQ.puTi3iofe  :  yet,  in  that  of  Cora 

Arras)y     which    Abuhekr   Ipft  j  ^W;  relates,  that  the  Twribww 

whereupon  the   city  of  Tauris  firft  flew  Jhubekr  near  NahbJkU 

fell  into  the  hands    of   Kara  twdn,  and  afterwards  his  faihcr 

'  Tufef.  MirdmShdb.    ThisdifagrieemeDt 

(D)  This  is  according  to  TV-  muft  proceed  from  inadvertence 
^eira,  who  has  given  an  abftrad  i^  the  ^xtrader^ 

ff  Mri^w^shiftoiy  :  but  Z)'^r- 

_  -  Ahi9Cm 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


6'7-!  "    ^iRfignofSl^hRtikh.  39 j 

Jhm^  had  fcarce  time  to  Wde  himfelf  in  a  garden  :  where,   2.  ^hat 
•beitig  difoovered,  he  was  put  to  death,  at  the  inftigation  qf    Rukh. 
tbe  lords  of  Irdk^  who  were  incenfed  agamft  hun,  in  the  fame  <^-^»r— ^ 
year  813; 

After  this,  in  815,  KaraY^fefy  entering  Georgia^  (k.^  with othet 
Conjlantine  the  king.;  and  brought  Sheykh  Jbrihim,  king  oE countries. 
Shtruidni  prifonfer  t6  Tauris ".     From  what  has  been  faid,  it 
a|>pears,  that  this  Turkman  made  himfelf  mafter  of  great  part 
of.  the  countries  which  T^mjir  had  given  to  his  grandchildren 
fimar  Mirza  and  KcdilSoltdn  ;'  who  feems  to  have  abandoned 
Jiis,  -  to  fecure  the  fuccefEon  ztSamarkdnt;  And  it  may  he  pre- 
fumed  that  the  reft  of  them  returned  in  fubjeftion  to  their  for- 
mer lord$  ;  as  Styrid  tq-the  foltan  of  Egypt,  and  Rum  (or  JnatO' 
lia)  to  die  Othmdn  emperors  ;  or  elfe  were  fei^ied  by  the  neigh- 
houving  priildcs,     Hbv^^ver  that  ^2,%,  KaraTuJef,  exteftdmg     ■* 
.his  conquefts  eaft ward,    took  Soltdniya,    Ka/btJi,  and  other  » 

cities  in  PerfianJrdk : .  while.  SMh  Mkh,  tho'  defirous  to  re-  Oppjfedhy 
fent  this  injtiry,  as  well  as  revenge-  the  death  of  his  brother  Shah 
Mirdn  SMh';  yet,  being  emploved  about  .other  affairs,  was  not  K.wcn. 
at  leifuTe  to  pppofe  him,  tiU  the  year  8'/i  ;  when  he  fet  out    A.  D, 
wi*^h  .^  '|>owerful  army,  to  attack  his  dominions.    As  foon  as    ^4^^* 

•  thi?  news  was  brought  to  Kara  Tfi/ef,  Who  was  then  marched 
toward  ^/^«t^A,  a  city  of  Syriay  noax  Hdlep^  he  defifted  from     . 
that  enterprife^  and  turned  b^ck  to  meet  the  foltan  :  but  died 
on  the  way,  at  Pjdn,   or  Ujdn,  near  Tauris^.    Others  fay, 

that  he  defeated  the  Turknidn  in  three  battles  ^,    After  his  * 

death,  in.  824,  Amiv  Ejidnder,  fon  of  Kara  T&fefy  continued 

•  the  war  againft  Bhdh  Mkh  \  by  whom  being  overthrown  in 
Diydrbekrj,  he  retired  towards  ih&  Euphrates ,  while  the  viftor 
marched  to  Tauris  :  huty  being  denied  entrance  by  the  inha- 
bitants, and  thinking  his  ftay  would  be  to  no  purpofe,  returned 

'to  Khorajfdn;  Upon  which  Ej^dnder  came  back  to  his  capital. 

In  828  this  prince  advanced  to  Soltdnsya,  and  tocrfc  it ;  of^^^^M' 
-"vchich  shah  Rukh  being  informed,  he  marched  again  to  Tauris ^  ^^"/  '^'^^ 
■where  he  routed  Ejidnder,  who  retired  tow2^d%  Mmeftdn  (or^'f^'    ^ 
Anatolia).     For  all  this,  Shdh  Mkh  could  not  make  himfelf  "^J*  J^^^ 
rnaflerof  that  city.     Hereupon  he  returned  tq  Khorajan,  to     li^/ 
recruit  his  army ;  and  then  marched  back  tq  Ray  in  Irdk,  which 
ix^  took.     There  Jehdn  Sh^h,  brother  qf  EjkAnder,  coming  to 
^wait  on,  was  reconciled  to,  him,  and  received  the  inveftiture  of 
u^zerbejariy  for  which  he  became  his  tributary.     On  this  grant, 
lie  armed  zgdlnd  Ejidnder,  and  defeated  Kim  ;  who,  flying  to 
^lenjdky  was  there  killed  by  his  own  fqn  in  341,    Althb*  the    A.  D, 

*  D'HsRB-BL.  p.  150^  k  fcq.  art-  Avis.  ^  Texeira, 

Digitized  by  CjOOQIC 


f94  Bijiory  df  thi  Moguls  Md  Tifars:       B.  YK 

^  £lnb.  nSgn  <rf'  5iiA  ^^itiA  has  been  written  ia  gmt  detaS  by  tb 

•R^idi.    oriental  hiftoriaos  (E),  and  is  fall  of  grait  efcnts ;  yet  litde 
"^  more  rdatiog  to  that  prince  has  yet  come  to  our  koomtdcgt. 

NoTWiTttsTAUDiNG  Ptr  Mehcmed  Jeh&n  Okr  was  ap> 
pointed  Thdr's  faccdTor,  and  KalU  S$kan  aiftually  pofleOed 
the  capital  c^  his  empire,  with  the  proiinces  north  of  the  J?- 
AiUf  for  four  years  together ;  yet  Shih  X^kkh  by  J^Aomm 
reckoned  the  immediate  fiicceflbr  of  that  conqueror^  and  ^ 
A*  !>•  iieginnii^  of  his  rei^  pqt  in  807.  The  year  after,  he  reboik 
1404*  the  famous  (onrek  or  cattle  of  If^rJ^,  where  he  then-r^fltd, 
9eaoicdSkti^*diUn,  whidi  his  father  haddeftroyed^aad  ettpk^- 
«d  7000  men  about  that  work :  he  UkewHe  re-edified  the  mk 
of  the  city  itfelf,  and  thofe  of  MarA,  whidi  had  kio  an  nuas 
-ever  iinoe  the  dme  of  Jenghtz  Khdn. 

Whtn€$         This  prmce  is  4:idled  by  hiftoriaas  B^Krza  SbAh  SHiA,  oc 

Wtmed.  ShAh  Mkh  Mirzs ;  alfo  S/M  ROkb  Bahadr,  or  tb^  vaRata. 
Be  was  name4  &h^  X£ih  1^  ius  fether  Timdr^  becaufe  he 
fsceived  the  news  of  the  birth  of  this  prince  at  ^  time  whea 
lie  was  Ikying  at  diefs ;  and  had  made  the  ihxike  which  die 
Perfians  call  Sidk  R^kh,  that  is,  when  ^  R4kiy  which  we  cdl 
die  Tow€r^  and  fome  the  Knight,  has  ^ren  Ck^c  to  the  2dag. 

Sts  death,     SHJH  RM  died  in  the  year  ^50,  in^hedty  of  Ray,  or 

Kq.  850.  Rgy  (in  Perfian  irok),  after  he  bad  li^  feventy-one  years,  or 
•^*  ^*    thereabouts,  and  rdgned  forty.     He  had  five  fons ;  Uhg  Iflf, 

■  \^'  who  fuccecded  him,  ^W7  F^t^i  Ardhim,  Bayfankar,  S4iyir' 
''^''  ^tf/wil/l,  and  Mohanmud  fiki.  All  thcfe  princes,  exccpdag 
'the  eideft,  died  during  the  life-time  of  their  fathei;.  AU'l 
fetah  IbrMm  g^emdi  Pars  (or  Pro^r  Perjia),  for  the  fpaoe 
^ .  twenty  years,  and  died  in  8  3  8 .  This  ^nce  left  in  SUr^ 
^cbe  capital,  fev^^^  monuments.  Which  have  pt^efepved  Insme- 
tmory :  among  others,  a  famous  madraflah,  or  coU^e,  whkih 
beats  the  name  of  DAr  al  Safu,  that  is,  the  houfe  of  joy  and 
ipleafur^.  There  ai^  extant  ieveral  little  poems,  as  well  as 
(iflfcriptions,  of  this  prince's  compc^mg  ;  and  it  was  lo  hki 
itbat  Sbir^o'ddln  Ali  Tfzdi,  who  is  redconed  the  moft  elegant 
*of  «ill  the  Perfian  hiftorians,  dedicated  the  hiftory  of  Tmiir, 
intituled,  DhOfer  or  Z^ff^er  Nmeh,  that  is,  the  Book  rf  Vk- 
statin,,  which  was  ^miteo  by  his  o^er^  in  the  year  &28,  of 
viddk  we  have  giyen  the  abftraft, 

(8)  His  hiftory  was  written  of  which  was  expend  firom  tlis 

arlarge  \^  Shaf^/h'ddim  AU,  au-  haitds  of  the  late  M.  Gailaiidt 

1j%ot^  the  hiftoc^  si  fbkur  Bsk.  fa^  never  appeared.  See  D'^^tr 

(See  Vol^  II.  p.  428.)  ;  alfo  by  M.   bibl.  orient,   p,    770.  art 

4hS9lraz^s^  ebn  JalaWddin  If^  $cl«h^{^QkJb. 
l^al^amari(0f^l^\^VtA9^mf^ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQI(^ 


Miitzji  Sdj^Mar^  or  B/gffimgor,  ivtio  <lUd  file  feur  farfbre  t.  Sh&li 
lis  teother  ih-Mtnh  left  three  font ;  Mksa  j^e*ddaf»kt,  Sol-    RMdi. 
ia  JMhhtmwi  Mrza^  fetfaor  of  taJU^jUt^  «ik1  Mkta  A»ir  ^ 
MV  )Aecs^«    Sc^rgatm^  ccmm^^iei  ^  die  ^Hfitry  of 
r^2i^  and  die  Indut.    He  (U^  t>efore  tiis  nro  <ddor  1hx>* 
hers^  in  the  year  -830* 

M! &ZA  M9hammed  JM,  the  fifth  afid  kft  foq  <)f  fiU^  AM 
Den&)ned  by  hiftorians,  died  in  848,  two  tj^eats  ^nly  beforf 
h&  death  of  his  falther\ 

the  i?^^« ^Ulug  Beg,  ,fcV S2?«  AWo'Uatlf,  iafdSo}09 
Abdo'llah, 

rjPON  the  death  of  ShM  RUh^  \n  851,  the  empire  df 
^  '  Thi^r  Sfil  again  hrto  divifion :  for  his  three  grandchildren, 
the  fcns  of  Bayfankar^    his  third  fon,  feized  each  a  fharc. 
Mmandet,  theeldeft,  pofTeffed  hhnfelf  of  Z)J(?r/j^n ;  M>- Hg...J^U 
jammed,  thefecond,  kept  Per/tan  Ir^k  and  P&rSy  c*  Which  he       \^\  . 
was  governor  ;  and  Jbi'l  Kajfem  Bdhr  did  the  like  by  Jorjhn,    *t*7'i 
and  MazAnderdn :  fo  that  nothing  remained  to  Mirza  Mohamr 
wi  J^kiy  fumamed  Utug  Beg^  or  the  great  lordy  eldeft  fon 
?md  fucceflbr  of  Sh^h  Mkh^  excqJtinff  the  countries  to  the 
Horth  of  the  riv^r  Jihitn  (or  j1m6)  ancf  Turk^in ;  which  he 
had  governed  for  near  forty  years  before,  that  is,  dniing  *&e 
W^ole  reign  of  his  father  in  thofe  countries. 

As  foon  as  Alao'ddawlet  heard  of  the  death  of  Msgrandfk-^ 
Aer,  he  (AteA  on  Herat y  the  capitd  of  KhoraffAriy  under  pre^ 
twice  of  ccimmanditig  there  in  behalf  of  his  uncle  -Wag;  Beg^- 
He  there  found  great  treafures,  ivhich  he  plundered ;  and  de- 
tained as  prifoner  the  perfon  of  AhdcflbaHf^  Uhtg  Beg^s  ddeft 
ftm,  who  was  yet  v6ry  young.    Hereupon  Vhg  Begxexi^  tnti^ 
Iwrf&dors  to  his  nqphew,  to  treat  of  peace,  and  get  Mdo*Bat^ 
<rat  rf  his  hands.     But  riris  peace  lafted  hut  a  (hoit  fpace :  for 
Viug  Begy  not  bring  aHe  to  fuiftr  AlUd^ddawkt  to  remain  Jli 
poflefTion  of  KhoraffAn,  to  which'  he  had  better  pretenfions. 
himfelf, -advanced  the  year  following,  whh  Ws  twofons,  J#- 
io^ttatif  and  Mdd*laziZy  at'the  head  of  a^  powerful  array,  to 
attack  him;  «nd,  meeting  him  at  MorgAh^  fourteen  pafiwngjs 
from  Herat,  gave  him  barae.     AlHo'ddaiviety  not  able  to  whfa- 
ftand  the  fliock  of  his  unde's  arms,  was  defeated,  and  retired 
to  his  brother  BMr ;  while  Wug  Beg  entered  triinnphantly 
into  HerAt,  and  afcefidcd  the  dirone  of  his  father  Sh&h  3Wfl&# 

However,  he  did  not  remain  long  10  peace  there :  for  the  JUfiaH 
f^  brothers,  AVdo'dda^Ut  and  J^Mrv  having  afl^n^ed^  oon-  the  bra:' 

tbm. 
I  D*HiRBi^c  p.  7704  lirt.  9(Cha)i  RuUv 

^4jicrab](e 

Digitized  by  Vji^\.7VlC 


Hifiofy  of  the  Moguk  MdTztast     B«  SI. 

fiderable  trmy,  refolvtd*  if  poflible,  to  drive  fim  oat  of 
Khixrafftn.  Ulug  Beg,  on  this  advice,  marched  from  Herk 
agaimt  them,  and  forced  them  to  abandon  AftarMd^  wUch* 
they  had  already  maftered ;  and  obliged  them  to  take  fhdter 
with  thdr  other  brother,  Solt^  Mohammed^  -who  rdgned  'm 
Perfian  Ir&k.  Ulug  Beg^  content  with  having  put  them  to 
fl^t,  retomed  alio  to  HerAt^  where  his  prefence  was  very 
oecef&ry :  for,  in  his  abfence,  the  inhabitants  oF  the  fubnrb^ 
f£  that  great  city  had  revdtol,  and  placed  at  thdr  head  Ti^ 
AUy  the  Turhnin,  fon  of  EfiSLndtr^  and  grandfon  of  Kara 
Tifeft  flMntioned  in  the  reign  of  Sh^  Rikh^  with  a  defign  to 
make  thcmfelVes  mailers  otH$rit : .  but  the  vTftorious  prince 
returned  time  enough  to  ^hallife  them  for  their  rebellion,  and 
gave  the  [nlhu^e  of  the  fuborbs  to  his  oaoops. '  This  was  in  the 

Hcl.  9^2.  year  852  ;   after  whicb»  he  returned  to  his  royal  city  dSa- 
A.  D,    markant. 
'44^-         Tif E  abfence  of  Ulug  Beg  foon  gave  Mirza  Babr  an  oppor- 

™'*  ^  tunity  to  come  again  to  AJiarab&dy  and  from  thence  to' fferit; 
'^**  whofe  inhabitants,  in  refentment  for  the  plundering  erf"  their  fnb- 
urbs,  opened  their  gates  to  him.  This  misfortune  was  fucceeded 
by  a  greater :  for,  not  long  after,  Akh*Uati/  rebclkd  againft 
his  father,  and  marched  to  reduce  Bilk.  Uhg  Beg,  wiUing  to 
bring  his  fon  to  reafon,  advanced,  with  his  troops,  towasxls 
that  city  :  but  Abdo'lkttfj  inAead  of  fubmitting  himfelf,  went, 
at  the  head  of  an  army,  to  meet  his  father,  and  give  him 
battle.  Wug  Beg  was  defeated;  and,  being  taken  prifoner, 
was  put  into  the  hands  of  Jbbh,  who,  after  fome  fbrmd  pro- 
ceedings agaioil  him,  at  length  put  him  to  death,  in  the  year 

Jiemmed  This  prince,  whofe  end  was  fo  unhappy,  was  yet  endowed 
friMit*  -With  great  qualities.  For,  befides  being  very  courageous,  he 
applied  himielf  to  ftudy  the  fciences,  and  particularly  2Sk^ 
nomy.  It  is  under  his  name  and  author!^,  that  the  tabks, 
intituled,  ^ij  Ulug  Beg^  were  compofed,  at  S^unariant^  by 
Alt  Ebn  Gay&tho'ddin  Mohammed  Janifhid,  furnamed  AlKufl^i, 
and  by  Saldhoddtn  Kdzi  ZMeh  al  R&nuy  the  greateft  aftro- 
liomers  of  their  time.  This  latter,  who  had  been  Ulug  B^^ 
mailer,  dying  before  the  work  was  finiftied,  the  whole  bur- 
den feU  upon  the  former.  The  work,  intituled  (A),  M4rifai 
al  TaTv^riky  which  makes  a  part  of  the  aflronomkal  tables 
calls  this  prince  Soltdn  aUfindiva  alSind,  that  is,  king  rfihe 
tufo  Indies  X^),  and  gives  him  forty-one  years  of  r^ga ;  al- 

(A)  It  has  been  publifticd  by        (B)Rathcr^iterally,of^//W 

Mr.  John  Gea*vesy  with,  a  Latin  and^/&W;whicHaretwodifieN 

^  vcrfion,  under  the  tide  ofEfoch^  C|it  parts  of  India^ 
Qglihriore^^ 

,  ^  though 


Digitized  by 


Googlt 


C.  8.  ^e  Reign  of  Abftfaid  Mtea; 

though  hfe  properly  reigned  no  more  than  two  years'  after  the 
death  of  Shah  RUh.    Kondamlr, '  Jl  Jdnndbi,  znd  Ebn  Yu/ef, 
qualify  this  prince  with  theiurnames,  or  titles,  of  ^l  Mdlek  a/  ^ 
Said,  KurkhSn,  and  Sdheb  Kerdn ;  all  which  TimUr  bore,  and 
left  them  a^  hereditary  in  his  family  a. 

ULUG  Beg  was  fucceeded  by  his  unnatural  fon  Jbdo'llatlf;  4- Abdol- 
who,  to  his  parricide  added  fratricide ;  having  alfo  caufed  his  ^^^* 
brother  Jbdo'kziz  to  be  put  to  death,  in  order  to  fecure  him- 
felf  on  the  throne :  which  yet  he  did  not  enjoy  longer  than 
fix  months ;  at  the  end  whereof,  his  own  foldiers  /hot  him  to 
death  with  their  arrows  **• 

After  tbe  death  of' Abdo'llatif,   Jbdo'llah,  fon  of  3rd'  z.AbdoV 
him  (C),  fon  of  Shiih  Mkh^  took  pofleflion  of  his  dominions,  lah. 
This  prince  fucceeded  his  father  Ibfdhim  in  the  fevereignty  of 
P^rs^  or  Proper  Perjia^  in  the  year  1438,  with  the  confent  of 
his  uncle  Shdh  Mkh :  but  being,  at  length,  driven  out  of  his 
dominions,  by  his  coufin-german  Mohammed  Mtrza^ 
Bay  Sangor,  fon  of  Shah  Mkh,  he  fled  to  his  uncle  U 
at  Samarkant;  who  received  him  very  well,  and  gave 
daughter  in  marriage.     He  feems  to  have  continued  in  1 
during  the  remainder  of  the  lives  both  of  Ulug  Beg  anc 

iatif;  whjch  gave  him  an  opportunity,  on  the  deatl 

latter,  to  feize  the  throne :  but  he  poffefled  it  no  more  than 
one  year;   for,  being  twice  attacked  by  Ji^fa'id  Mirza,  he 
was  the  laft  time  overthrown  in  battle,  and  flain,  in  the  year    A.  D* 
855  ;    as  will  be  more  diftinftly  fet  forth  in  the  following     14^1, 
reign  c, 

CHAP.    VIIL 
The  Reign  of  Abfifaid  Mirza. 

j4BUSJID  Mirza,  the  fon  of  Mohammed  (A),  the  fon  of  6.  Soham 
'^  Miran  Shhh,  fon  of  Tvmur,  was  in  the  army  of  Vhig  Beg^  Abufai'd 
when  he  made  war  on  his  fon  Abdo'llattf,  on  the  banks  of  the    Mirza. 

•  Texeira^  p.  317.    D'Herbel.  p.  83.  414.  art.  Alaeddia 
fc  Ulug  Beg.  ^  Id.  ibid.         «  Tex.  p.  318.     D'Herbel. 

p.  8.  art.  Abdallah. 

(C)  He  is  eHcwhere  faid  to  foxMirdnShah^^nofoximmt^ 

be  the  ion  of  JJ lug  Beg.     See  MohaMmed^tt\iZt]\iti(i}jixt,  But 

D'Herbelot,  art.  Ahufdid  Mtrxa,  the  oriental   hiftorians  commit 

p.  34;   and  ^exeira^  \Mk.Ferf.  frequent  miilakes  in  giving  the 

p.  318.                             .  genealogies  of  princes,  as  has 

(A)  If  he  .was  the  fon  of  M/-  been  obfervcd  with  cegard  to 

ran  Shah,    he  muft  have  been  Ahdollfih^^^^rt^^dkiUittAbih 

born  ^fter  the  death  of  ^imur ;  fdid»              \ 

river  . 

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|9«  ^jf0f7^l£eKiogai>^t«S««.        B.V1. 

6. Abfifald  riyer  ^mA^  and  fe0iQe4  to  be  in  very  good  wnderftandi^g  vkb 
MIfza.    that  prince.    But,  having  an  ambitious  siiady  and  enierprUiig 
^'■^•V**^  head,  he  took  the  occafion  of  that  war,  and  the  troubles  whi2 
enfued  in  the  dty  of  Samarkmt^  to  di&over  the  defiga  which 
lie  bad,  for  a  long  dme,  nourifhed,  of  making  himfetf*  thf 
duef  of  a  new  party,  and  mafter  of  fome  provinces.     Widi 
this  vieWy  he  joined  his  forces  to  thofe  of  i7  Jfrg^,  one  of  tht 
mpft  powerful  lords  of  the  country,  and  marched  with  tiiai 
to  Samarkant ;  where  jfbdo*laziz,  another  ion  of  Soltaa  Uh^ 
Beg,  commanded  for  his  father :  but  this  latter,  not  thinking 
tiimfelf  ftrong  enough  to  oppofe  fuch  coniiderable  troops,  abaa^ 
doued  the  city,  and  retired  to  Jakar^  or  Ciaar  Divar,  that  iS| 
the  four  walls ;  wherd  he  judged  himielf  in  more  fccurity. 
Secures  As  foon  as  Ulu£  Beg  received  this  adidce,  he  immediately 

Bokhira.  quitted  die  Jmi,  to  go  and  re&eve  his  capital ;  aod,  by  that 
m^aiis,  left  the  way  open  to  his  rebel  fbn  Jbdo'llattf,  who  Hi 
not  &ii  to  pafs  the  river,  and  follow  at  his  father's  beds. 
That  pxince,  having  become  mafter  of  Samarkant,  after  his 
yerriade,  in  854^  4tli/ald  was  no  longer  in  a  condition  to  un- 
>dcrtak^  any  thing ;  and  therefore  was  obliged  to  retire  to  the 
pUEtm  of  B  Argpn.    But  Abdo^Uattf,  conHdering  him  as  a  thorn 
la  fus  foot,  fou^d  means  to  draw  him  out  of  that  pofl,  aod 
take  him  ^rifoner.    However,  his  confinement  did  no&  coo* 
'dipue  long :  for  he  made  a  fhift,  foon  after,  to  efcape  to  i^ol- 
Mm ;  where,  being  informed  that  AbdoHlattf  was  dead,  and 
Ad(fliab  had  fucceeded  him,  he  managed  matters  fo  well,  bf 
/Ids  intrigues^  that  he  made  himfelf  matter  of  Bokhdra,  and  (» 
the  couptry  belonging  to  it.     After  which,  he  began  to  de- 
clare war  openly  ag^^nft  jibdo'Uahy  and  marched  towards  Sa- 
inarkant :  but,  being  met  by  the  foltan,  he  was  defeated,  ani 
A.  D.    confbramed  to  Qy  at  a  great  diflance  into  Turkeji&tu    This 
1 450.    happened  in  the  year  8  54. 
AJctnds         Tj^e  year  following,  MifcUd^  ffarengthened  by  the  powo^ 
liir#*rv««.fial.affiftawe  of  Uzbek  KUn  (rf  JGj>i4k),  returned,  to  attack 
JfbiSf)^aij  .from  whom  he  took  feveral  cafttes ;  and,  at  lengA, 
came  to  a  bloody  l)attle,  in  which  the  foltan  being  flain,  AU- 
/(ndi^cokmt  th^  -peaceable  poileflbr  of  all  the  provinces  to  the 
JS^^  rf  the  Amu,  whidi  belonged  to  Ulvg  Beg.     However, 
this  viftory  coft  Samarkant  very  dear :  for  the  Uzbeks,  or  fol- 
diers  oiJJzbek  KfidUf  having  entered  the  dty,  treated  the  in- 
%j^bhants  very  roi^ghly,  and  behaved  as  mailers.     HereupoB 
.y*^;/^^made  ufe  of  artifice  to  drive  them  out :  for  going 
^POe,  ,Alid  Jn  a  plain  dr^fs,  to  the  gate,  he  there  difccAsered 
Jbira&lf  .^O'tbe  Jmighers,  (who  guarded  it),  unknown  to  the 
4/:9bdks:,  ^od  entering  the  city,  prefentiy  made  himfdf  mafler 
4if  .die  .{lEindpal  poOs  T  which  ^one;^  he  obliged  the  unniljf 
'    i  guefts, 


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gueib,  partly  by  force,  and  partly  by  prefeats,  to  quit  ifce  6«Abdrflii 
place,  and  retire  home  with  their  leader  **  Muua. 

In  the  year  862,  Sol'tan  B^br^  one  of  Tzm^r's  grandfons,*  ■•v"'*^ 
iR^o  re^ed  in  Khors^n^  hdttg  dead,  -and  his  fon  Mahmdd       ^^ 
on  the  throne ;  Jbiyh'iJ,  who  had,  for  a  long  time,  meditated  gl^^ 
the  r^duftion  not  only  of  that  province,  but  of  all  Ir^n^  or  ^}^f^g^ 
Perfia  at  faqje,  without  delay  put  himfelf  in  a  condition  to  c^^ 
aocomplifh  his  defign.    He  intruded  part  oi  the  execution  to 
the  care  of  Sheykh  Mir  Baji,  governor  of  Bdlk,  and  advanced 
ivith  Ms  army  towards  H^rM.    Ahmed  Tejfawl^  who  com^ 
manded  ttere  in  beiialf  of  Soltan  IbrMm  Mirza,  having  con* 
fidered,  for  fome  time,  whether  he  fhould  defend  the  citj,  or 
retire  into  the  citadd,  called  Ekti^o'ddhi^  at  length  reiolved 
on  the  latter.   Jb^aM^  having  thus  become  mafter  of  the  city^ 
and  in  vain  fummoned  Jhmed  to  furreoder,  gave  feveral  aik 
iaults^upon  the  cafUe ;  but  was  always  repuUed^  and  made  no 
progrefs  in  the  fiege. 

At  this  jundure,  ibme  evil-minded  perfons  havii^  inforaied  Nnttfl 
him,  that  Soltan  IbrMimMirza  had  fent  .couriers  to  the  Sdrfonr^ 
taaa  Jaurjhad^  his  mother,  and  held  a  fecret  correfpond^ioe  ^^* 
vrith  her ;  he,  in  a  tranfport  of  anger,  haftily  gave  orders  K» 
put  her  to  death.  Imm^iiatdy  after  this.  Shir  (or  .Mr)  H^ 
arrived  in  the  camp,  ha\dng  left  one  he  confided  in  to  guard 
the  flrong  caftle  of  Niret4,  But  there  happened  an  acci(fent  io 
his  abfence,  which  made  him  repent  the  living  quitDed  it :  for 
a  bold  dark^  fellow  connng  one  evening  to  the  gate  of  diii 
fortrefs,  with  a  fiock  of  iheep,  io  far  gadned  upon  the  guards 
by  his  talk,  that  they  permitted  ium  to  enter,  and  lie  that 
night  in  the  place.  But  the  firft  watch  wsas  no  fboner  paft, 
than  the  maq,  who  was  furniihed  with  ropes  and  hooks,  en- 
abled feveral  of  his  aflbdates  to  mount  the  walls.  Thefe  ibl- 
diers  immediately  ran  to  attack  the  governor,  whom  thqr 
wounded  in  feveral  places;   and  haidng,  at  the  fame  time^  | 

ieized  on  the  guard-houfe,  became,  at  length,  mafters  of  ths 
cafUe. 

AB  US  J  ID  having  received  this  ill  piece  of  news,  and  ap-  Rftiru  If        ! 
prehending  withal  that  the  children  of  Soltin  Jbdo' flat  if  wcr^  Balfc  I 

preparing  for  war, '  in  order  to  recover  their  father's  dominioas,  ; 

quitted,  at  length,  the  city  of  Her^t,  and  took  the  road  t^  . 
B4Jki    He  fent,  however^  one  of  his  generals  before  him,  with  ^ 

the  beft  part  of  his  army,  to  difperfe  the  troops  which^thofe 
young  princes  had  aflembled  in  the  ndphboyrhood  of  that^ity. 
As  diefe  princes,  named  Ahmed  and  jighi^  were  rafii  enough,  |1| 

with  their  new-raifed  troops,  to  hazard  a  battle  ^gainftii^  |j 

*  D'HsR^fiL.  p.  34,  &fe^.  art.  Aboflfaid  Mtrza^  1 

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406  tiifi^ry  of  the  Moguls  and  Tatars.     Brvfi 

6.AbufaTd  difdpllncd  forces,  they  fuficred  for  their  Ul  conduft :  for  Ahr 
Mirza.    med  was  killed  in  the  action,  and  Jughi  had  much  ado  to 
^^•■v^;*— •  efcape. 

Turkmaa  This  expedition  bang  fini(hed,  Miifdid  went  to  pafs  the 
nnagts. '  winter  at  BM.  But  he  wi*  not  long  there  in  repofe :  for  Ala- 
o'dJaiviet,  and  Mirza  3rMim,  his  relations,  cut  out  new  work, 
for  him ;  and  J^Mn  Shd^^thQ  Turkman,  fon  oi  Kara  TJ^rf, 
advanced,  from  AzerbejSny  inxo  Khorajpta^  committing  hor- 
rible r;ivages  all  the  way  h6  went.  Ahitfdid  was  obliged,  in 
thofe  unlucky  conjunftures,  to  quit  Her^ ;  which  moft  of  Uk 
inhabitants,  not  thinking  themfelves  fecure  againft  the  fiiry  of 
the  Turkmans,  had  already  abandoned,  on  the  news  of  thdr 
approach.  They  had  now  encamped  fix  months  about  that 
city,  when  AbUfdid^  having  aflembled  all  the  forces  of  his  do- 
minions, marched  to  fall  upon  them  at  the  river  Morg&b.  Je* 
hAn  Shdhy  furprifed  at  this  motion,  fent  Ptr  Budaky  the  braveft 
of  his.fons,  with  a  body  of  troops,  to  reconnoitre  the  foltan's 
army;  but  he  was  repulfed  vigoroully,  to  the  very  camp  pf 
his  father.  The  Turkmhiy  having  at  the  fame  time  received 
news  from  AzerbejAtiy  which  made  him  very  uneafy,  refdved 
to  return  to  that  province:  Accordingly,  he  fent  away  his 
heavy  baggage  before,  ami  then  difpatched  Sayd  AJhura  to 
the  foltan,  with  propofals  cf  peace  *. 
Jlfoi«  ABU  SAID  infifted,  at  firft,  that  Jehan  Shdh  fiiould  reft 

feace.        content  with  Azerbtyan,  and  yield  up  to  him  all  which  he  pof- 
fefled  in  Perjtan  Irdk  and  KhoraJfAn :   but,  after  feveral  nego- 
tiations, it  was  agreed,  that  the  TurkmAn  fhould  remain  mafter 
of  Iriiky  and  not  enter  into  Khorajfdny  beyond  the  city  of  Sent- 
ndn. {in  Komes),  v/hich  was  to  fervje  as  a  frontier  to  both  do- 
HeJ.  863.  minions.     After  the  conchrfion  of  this  treaty,  made  in  863, 
A.  D.     the  enemy  took  their  route  for  IrAk :   but  committed  fnch 
1458.     cruel  ravages  where-ever  they  pafled,  that  they  fcarce  left  a 
houfe  ftanding.  Upon  their  retreat,  AbAfdid  made  his  entrance 
into  HerAt ;  where  commerce  was  again  reftored,  the  want  of 
which  had  caufed  a  great  fcarcity  in  that  city-    To  eafe  the  in* 
habitants,  therefore,  both  ef  that  capital  and  the  province, 
which  had  fuflfered  extremely  during  the  ftay  of  the  Turkmans^ 
he  fent  his  army  into  Great  BukMria,  keeping  with  him  no 
more  than  2000  horfe  for  his  guard. 
Defeats  THE  princes  Alad'ddawlety  MirziL. IbrAMm,  and  Mirza  Sort' 

the  princes  Jar,  his  relations,  who  had  territories  bordering  on  his,  die 
limits  of  which  they  were  defirous  to  extend,  feeing  the  foltan 
in  a  difarmed  ftate,  entered  into  a  confederacy  among  them- 
felves,' to  attack  him.     However,  unprovided  with  troops  3$ 

•'    ^  D'Hbrbbl,  p.  35.  art.  Abouiald  Mirza« 

he 


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C  8*  ^bt  ReigH  tf  AbAfaM  Mlrii,   .  49f 

he  was;  he  made  no  diffictilty  to  meet  them^  ^ith  the  iW  iheil  6.  Abufafd 
he  had,   between  Sarahs  and  Mar^.    But  his  courage  waa    Mirza^ 
luckily  fecondcd  by  fortune :  for,  when  he  was  upon  the  point  '^  'v-^ 
of  engaging,  two  of  his  commanders  arrived,  with  frefh  forces  j 
arid,  by  their  affiftances,  the  confederate  princes  Were  defeated, 
in  fo  fignal  a  manner,  that  fome  of  the  runaways  never  flopped 
till  they  got  to  Sairtarkant.     Sanjar  was  taken  prifoner,  and 
put  to  death ;  the  other  two  princes  efcaped ;  and  MUfdid  re** 
turned  triumphantly  to  Heriit :  where,  havirfg  no  ^veighty  af«- 
fair  upon  his  hands,  he  refolved  to  retake  the  ftrong  caftle  q( 
Niretu,  which  had  been  loft  by  furprife,  as  hath  been  before 
related ;  and  this  he  very  eafdy  accompliflied,  by  means  of  the 
intelligence  which  he  had  in  the  place.  . 

About  the  fame  time,  Mirza  Ibrdhim,  Who*  ^tet  his  dr*  IbrAhlm 
feat,  had  fled  to  Dameg^,  having  gathered  frefh  troops>  ^^^^^  ♦ 
marched  towards  72/  (or  MaJbhM)^  in  hopes  to  repair  the  lofs 
he  had  lately  fuftaineid,  and^take  that  city  by  ftealth:  but 
death,  which  furprifed  him  on  the  road,  rendered  all  his  dq* 
figns  abortive,  and  delivered  the  foltan  from  a  competitor,  who, 
for  a  long  time,  difputed  with  him  the  empire  oif  TifnUr  Bek* 
In  the  fame  year,  JbufaidhsA  a  fon  by  his  queen,  the  daugh' 
ter  of  Alao'ddaiulet,  whom  he  named  ShAh  Rukh\  and,  to» 
wards  the  end  of  it,  Shah  MahmMy  fon  of  Soltan  Bahr^ 
whom  the  Turkmans  had  obliged  to  fly  into  the  province  cjf 
Sejefldn^  was  killed  in  a  battle,  which  he  fought  in  Hindi* 
Jidn  c. 

.    In  664,  Abufdidy  receiving  advice,  that  Soltan  HujTayn,  fon  ^^uU  5f/^ 
of  Manf^r,  fon  of  BayUra,  fon  of  Omar  Sheykh,  fon  of  TU  ^^?  ^"^; 
nuir  Bek,  was  advanced  as  far  as  Sebznvdrj  pillaging  and  ra*  ^y?*  -^ 
vaging  all  before  him ;  fcnt  a  body  of  forces,  under  the  con*     ?*  n 
duft  of  the  Amir  M  Pdrji  and  Hajfan  Sheykh,  towards  Ma-        *  -  * 
zdnderin^  which  belonged  to  Hujfayn^  and  followed  him- 
fcjf,  with  the  reft  of  his  army.     In  fine,  a  cruel  battle  was 
fought  between  thefe  two  monarchs,  in  which  Hujfayn  having 
been  intirely  defeated^  AMifdid  was  received  into  JftarabAd^ 
capital  of  the  country,  and  proclaimed  foltan^     This  prince^ 
after  he  had  pafled  fome  time  feafting  in  that  city,  gave  the 
government  to  his  fon  Mabmudy  and  fet  out  for  his  imperial 
refldence  of  Herdt :  but,  before  he  got  thither,  he  met  with 
a  great  alarm;  for  Kalil  ffendilghdy  who  commanded  in  Sajc^ 
JlAriy  in  the  time  of  Soltan  Babr^  took  the  occafion  of  the  fol- 
taa's  abfence  to  prefent  himfelf  before  Herat^  which  he  ima- 
gined would  yield  to  him,  without  ftriklng  a  ftroke  t  but  the 
inhabitants  putting  the  city  in  a  pofture  (^defence,  formed  a 

^  D'HEitBEL.  p.  364  act«  AbouCud  Mlrza« 
Mod.  Hist.  Voj.,  V/  C  c  boi^ 

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4M  HifiayrfiieMeffdsafidT^m.      B.VL 

6. AbAfaid  body  of  troops,  'with  whkfa  tbejr  yigoarooQif  ropnlAiJ  ASUtf, 

Mirza.   and  made  him  netum  (to  his  own  counlry. 

^■^v"- -^      ^^  US  J  ID,  who  was  informed,  while  ia  MazdoehrAi,  «f 

H^^!iA  ii  '^*^'**  cnterprifc,   made  g^c*t  marches,  inood^  <tp  jre&yf 

Hcndftgluj^jg  ^pJtal :  but  finding  the  cky  ia  as  good  condidon  jat  Us 

jtu^mtj,     ^rrivjj^  as  ,;yhen  he  lefit  it»  rewarded  the  iSdditJr  of  die  ioha- 

tnunts ;  and  then  marched  towards  4ihe  province  jof  Sof^m^ 

to  ptmifh  the  tzfhneis  of  KhoMl:  who  not  having  fionaes  fofi* 

^nt  to  rdift  fo  powerfiil  an  eocmvy,  h«d  reoourfe  to  his  ck* 

flaency  y  and,  having  fwcra  obedknoe  to  him,  the  {«ba»  pVf 

■doned  his  o&nce,  without  taking  irom  him  his  ^over^mem; 

however,  he  made  him  depend^tnt  on  Sbih  TMa,  who  mu 

He).  ^65.  defcended  from  the  antient  kings  ^  the  couii^*     te  Z6^ 

A.  D.    Mirza,  JUio'd4awkty  \i4iq,  after  loflag  the  hatde  befoce^men- 

i4^o«    ^ioned,  had  retired  towards  lihe  coaft  of  the  CcL^iaa  fe^  (0 

M&lek  TanJ^n,  died  a  natvu^  death ;  and  his  corps  wascoa^ 

.'veyed  from  thence  to  Utrat^  whece  it  was  in^rred  in  the  csl- 

lege  built  t^  his  mother  the  Soltona  fawher/b^. 

At  the  fame  time,  ^Hfaid  toeing  informed,  tjbat  Mirza  Mfh 

iammed  Jughi^  fan  of  Soltan  ^doUlaiify  v^zgai  tl»e  fhkaad 

Creat  Btdthdria^  he  marci^ed  with  his  aimy,  and  failed  ^ 

Jihin  (or  Am^)^  torefluce  this  young  prince  tohisduty:  hot 

he  was  no  fooner  ernvtA  at  Samarkant,  than  Jughi,  unaUe  u> 

keep  the  field  againft  him,  went  and  (hut  himfelf  up  in  tlie  city 

of  Shdh  RAkHya  (B),  whece  4k&fM  fropoded  tohtefi^^  him ; 

and  muft  needs  have  forced  him  to  furrender,  if  the  war,  which 

FMr/if/^i^Soltan  HiLjfayn  had  declared  in  Masiawkriny  had  ix>t  obliged 

Jfighi.      him  to  abandoa  his  enterprife,  and  make  peace  with  Jmj^. 

Huffaynhad  taken  the £dld  n  focood  time,  siadhio&cgei  Jftar- 

^idy  capital  of  JorjAu  (£;),  (whcae /Mfoidhzi.  left  his  ionMat' 

mM  g(»rcmor.     This  prince  feJikd  <nit  of  <he  £t^,  i»  iih  all  hb 

forces,'  ^nd  gave  the  enemy  battHe,  whisih,  ali^imh  it  coft 

Mffayn  much  blood,  wa»  not  fcrtunati:  to  hiaa;  ta*  heM 

the  viaory,  and  was  dsiiged  to  fly  into  /S^^;^,  tfkom  vjbence 

.  his  father  had  already  feot  tojius  generfds,  ito  gu^  that  boLr 

.  tier.   Soltin  HAJfayn  entered  triumjAv^  into  iSie  city  of  ^^r- 

•  4d)My  where,  for  a  time,  he  enjojred  tiait  fruits  of  hlsxonqueft 

in  repofe  :   but,  imagining  .that  the  i^ars  siCre^  MtdUrk* 

in  which  J^^n^  was  engaged,  ^M3>uldQf&>rdhim.(iiiie<saQi^ 

to  fnakb  himfelf  maika:  jq£  Kbarafflki,  he  m^cohed  with  his 

(B)  Our  readers  will  find  fome  muft  be  confidered  as  the  chief q|ty 
farther  account  of  this  Var,  in  of  Afo«wW/rr^«  in  general,  and'of 
the  hillory  of  the  Uzbek  Khans,  yofjdn  in  Tpzrticulsir,  which  w$j 
inferted  hereafter.  he  /uppofed  a  part  of  Jj^ncji- 

(C)  'Tis  before  faid  to  be  the    <<^rtf»  atihat  time, 
eapitalof  iflzxiitM^mv:  fothatit  " 

ami 

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ftnny  into  that  prevince,  leaving  j^kkWahmin  Argfin  to  go- 1{  Ab^fald 
Vera  Mazdnderin  and  Jorj^^    which   th«a  compo&4  one    Mirza. 

Thb  generals  ^  Abtflxid,  M  advice  of  thig  ^dtion  of  the  HiMTa^n 
CQemyi  judging  ihat  they  ^x^ere  net  a^l$  to  wiihftand  him  in  attach 
^e  field,  TtMveA  to  fef^  J^/^/,  (V^l  de&nd  that  city.  Sol-  H«^it4 
t^n  Hufffyn  did  not  fiiil  to  a^pe^ir  befot^  it  with  his  army ;  but 
not  with  defi^  to  befiege  it :  for  he  did  not  believe  that  the 
Inhabitants  either  would  Or  could  defeqd  themfclves.     How^ 
tryer^  finding,  ^ter  he  had  Ait^ted  eltvm  days^  encamped  at 
B^ghtagun,  that  there  was  no  liJieUhood  ffi  their  furrendertn^ 
he  laid'  fiege  to  Herdt  in  form*     H«  thfta  battered  the  walb^ 
and  attacicdl  the  place  with  his  beft  troobs,  for  twtoty  dkys  i 
but  was  al^Mays  repulfed,  by  tlie  bravery  of  the  giyrifon.   Meaii 
time,  AM/afd  behig  on  his  wsly  to  relieve  the  d^r,  Hiijfayn  tVa^ 
oMiged  to  raife  the  fiege,  and  marched  to  the  rivdr  Morgab^  to 
f^pute  the  fokdn's  paflage.     Yet,  his  troops  being  difperfedl 
for  £dce  of  fpoil,  and  his  officers  divided  in  their  opinions,  hit 
did  not  think  At  to  ^lirait  there,  but  turned  biick  for  JfturabM^ 
fey  the  way  of  Sarkas^  or  StiraJkkst 

This  retreat,  though  made  without  aiiy  Ws  On  the  iJart  ofixpeittd 
H4ffayny  proved  a  grciat  viftory  to  AiMaidy  -Who,  driving  his  j^'J  ^/»i* 
enemy  iContinually  before  him,  obliged  nlm  to  quit  Aftavabdi]'^^^" 
to  avoid  being  befieged ;  dild,  conf^uently,  to  abandon  the 
proviocts  Mazdnderdh  znd  yorjdn,  Whofe  inhabitants^  already        ^    .. 
half  revolted,  went  out  to  meet  the  viftor.     JJ^/aid,  baying 
thus  ft  fecond  time  become  mafter  of  thcife  provinces,  put  to 
death  HendAgha  \  and  his  fons,  Whoie  difloyaity  he  had  oftM 
experienced ;  and  conuhitttd  the  government  of  AJtarahid,  td 
his  fon  MakmAd^  "^hotA  H4ffayn  had  expelled.     He  returned 
ftfterwards  X^HerM^  in  866;  lirherf  he  |(uni(hdd  With  death 
Mpezo^ddhi^  prefid^t  of  the  diwan,  or  council  of  that  city^ 
Vho  had  not  obeyed  his  orders  du]4ng  his  abfenc^ 

And  now,  having  no  enmAy  to  divert  Kitn,  he,  in  Ct6^,  (et    A.  fti 
forward  to  reduce  JfUbatmrted  Jighi%  wko,  during  Ijis  ftbfence,     U^^* 
had  fortified  SlMrikhha  to  fueh  a  degree^  that  .it  was  Joolted  J"g^^ ''''. 
pn  us  impregnable.    He  paftd  the  JUin,  after  feme  ftay  \i  ^'^"^ 
Bdlk ;  and,  being  arrived  at  S^mtarkani^  made  great  prepani  j 
ticms  for  the  fiej^e  c^  Sk^r^hiya )  ^vhkh  refi Aed  i  whole  year^ 
agaioft  all  his  forces.    At  length^  MekoMmady  unable  to  hold 
put  any  longer,  fent  a  perfon  ai  gr«it  amhorky  to  the  fohan's 
camp,  to  obtain  hOQpurable  conditk^  ^  him :  but  Abufaii 
obliged  lura  to  furrend^r  at  difcredon,  and  &nf  lU^  pri&ne^ 
to  Ek/i^i*^in,  thtiOiRkoi  Herat,  where  he  retoaiped  till  his 

f  D'HsaBBL^  art.  Ahaa^i* 

C^  i^  4arth 


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•404  Hiftoty  of  the  Moguls  and  ToLzrs.       B;VI. 

6.Abftlk1d^^.  The  foltan  entered  Sh^rukhtya  in  868  ;  and  foon  after 
Mirza.    returned  to  HerMf  which  fiiffered  greatly  by  the  plague  that 

*— 7V*^  fame  year  *. 

^2'  n  ^'  ^^  ^^^  "^^  *^^^  long  in  this  city,  before  he  received  ad- 
P'    vice,  'that  Soltan  fiiiffayn  had  niade  a  fecond  irruption  into 

HfiflavnV  ^^^^Jf^*   Againft  this  prince  he  fent  a  powerful  army,  ,under 

new  It'     ^^  conduft  of  hi^  principal  genorak ;  but  they  were  intirely 

tempt.  defeated  in  battle.:  fo  that  had  not  Hujfayn  been  deferted  by 
his  beft.  troops,  and  principal  officers,  who  revolted  from  him, 
which  obliged  him  to  return  to.  Karazniy  he  would  have  purr 
/ued  his  viftory  very  far,  and  itwolved  >4A/^/irf  in  no  fmall  dif- 
ficulties. But  this  uqexpedt^  r^reat  of  his  enemy  refloring 
his  affsurs  to  a  fettled  ftate;,  he,  the  next  year,  went  to  winter 

Mej.  870. -at  MarA ;  and,  finding  himfelf  in  profound  peace,  in  870,  he 
A.  D.  celebrated  the  circumclrion  of  the  princes  his  fons,  with  great 
'4^5-  magnificence,  and  dixerfions,  which  continued  for  five  months. 
But  the  next  year,  while, he  paffed  the  winter  at -Aiar//,  he  re- 
ceived advice  of  the  death  pf  jehdn  Shah,  the  TurkmAn,  which 
was  the  occafion  of  a  new  war :  for  this  foltan,  who  was  of 
the  iamily  of  thei  Black  S^etp,  having  been  flain  in  battle 
^  againfl  Haffan  Beg,  or  Uzun  Haffan,  folton  of  the  dynaftyof 

the  White  Sheep  \  his  fon  Haffan  Alt,  who  fuccecded  him,  im- 
plored the  afGfbnce  of  JMfaid. 

Ahiifaid        This  prince,   led  by  ambition  no  lefs  than  generofity, 

fftfi^/ocar  thought  he  ought  not  to  k^e  fo  fair  an  opportunity  of  open- 
ing a  way  to  the  oonqueft  oilrdk  and  j^zerbejdn.  However, 
being  willing  to  confult  Nkfro'ddin  Obeydo'llah,  who  was  rec- 
koned the  ablefl  man  of  his  time  for  advifing  in  great  affairs, 
he  fent  for  him  firom  Samarkant  to  Maru,  where  he  then  was 
.  in  winter  quartdra  5  and,  after  a  conference  with  him,  refolved 
to  undertake  the  war  2^n&^HaJfan  Beg.    Purfuant  to  this 

Hej.  872.  refolution,  he,  in  the  year  872,  decamped  firom  before  Manif 

A,  D.    and  marched  to  attack  the  provinces  of  Irak  and  Azerbej&n. 

^467-    When  he  arrived  on  the  frontiers  of  this  lafl  province,  as  he 

had.  a  very  great  army,  he  detached  fev^al  bodies,  who  penc- 

'     •  trating  into  Ir^  and  Phs,  made  themfelves  matters  of  all  the 

•*  places  through  which  th^y  paffed.  Mean  time,  Hajfan  Beg 
fent  feveral  ambafladors,.  ^o  demand  peace  of  him  :  but  al- 
though Abiifdii.  received  them  with  great  civility,  and  dif- 

on  Haflan  miffed  them  with  prefents  jfor  their  matter ;  vet  his  anfwer 

Beg.  always  was,  that  Haffan  Beg  Ihould  come  himfelf  to  his  camp, 
.  and  that  he  then  would  let  him  know  his  intentions.  At  length 
.he  entered  the-conntry,  refolving  to  pafs  the  fummer  at  Kara- 

«  D*Her8il.  p.  37.  art.  Aboufaid.      ^  Sec  VoL  VI.  p.  109. 

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Cl  8 .  Tbe  Reign  0/  Abft&Td  Mlrza.  4p^^ 

iagh\D) !  but  the  Turkman  prince  knew  fo  \«rell  how  to  cnt  6.  Abufaitf 
o^his  provifions  and  forage,  that  his  army  began  to  dwindle    Mirza. 
in  a  (hort  time.     So  that,  tearing  to  be  befieged  all  at  once,  he  ^ «  -^-li^ 
fled  back,  with  a  very  few  men;  for  the  greater  part  of  his 
troops  were  already  difperfcd,  and  the  rcff  had  gone  over  to 
the  enemy.     When  HaffanBegy  who  watched  the  foltan's  mo- 
tions, found  he  was  gone,  he  Tent  two  of  his  fons  in  purfuit 
of  him,  who  took  him  prifoner,  and  brought  him  to  ^eir  ) 

camp  «. 

HASSAN  Beg  received  AM/aidvnth.  a  great  deal  of  hu-  Is  put  to 
mamty,  and  was  difpofed  to  fave  his  life :   but,  having  dtVi-  death. 
berated  in  his  comidl  what  was  proper  to  be  done  with  him, 
all  his  officers,  particularly  the  kidhi,  or  kazi,  of  Shtrwan^ 
were  for  puftit^  him  to  death ;  and  the  rather^  as  Haffan  Beg 
had  already  acknowleged  the  Miiita  Yadighiar,  fon  of  Moham" 
med,  fon  of  Bay/ankor,  for  the  lawful  emperor  and  fucceflbr 
of  Tlm&r,  in  the  provinces  to  the  fouth  of  the  Jihiht,     Thus    A.  D, 
this  powerful  prince  loft  his  life,  in  the  year  873,  through  his     1468. 
own  fauh,  and  for  refufing  to  make  peace,  fo  often  fued  for 
by  the  enemy.    Haffan  Beg,  however,  hindered  his  tent  to  be 
plundered,  and  preferved  the  honour  of  all  the  bdies  of  his 
feray ;  after'whkh,  he  commanded  the  officers  of  Khorajfti  to 
ackrt^wlege  Tadightar  for  their  fowt-eign  (E). 

According  to  the  Nighidrifl^,  and  Al  JannM,  this  prince  His  dcmi* 
extended  his  dominions,  which,  at  lirft,  confifted  oi  Khorajj&n^  nions. 
and  the-  countries  to  the  north  of  the  river  Jihiln  (or  Great 
BukMria),  from  K^Jhgar  in  the  eaft,  to  Tauris  in  the  weft ; 
and  from  Ketman  in  /r^/i,  and  Muttan  in  Hinduft^,  to  Ka- 
razm  on  the  eaft  fide  of  the  Caffian  fea.  The  feme  authors 
add,  that  He  was  furprifed,  and  flain,  in  an  ambufead^  laid 
for  him  in  the  mountains  of  Kdrabagh,  near  Tauris,  dixtr  he 
had  lived  forty-two  years,  and  rdgn»d  twenty  ^  But  accord- 
ing to  Mirkond,  he  was  ptit  to  death  by  Tadighar,  to  whom 
he  wais  delivered  up  *. 

SoLTAN  Ahdfdid  left  behind  hiHV  eleven  fons ;   and,  as  the^fffs/ons. 
fall  of  the  empire  of  77wi^r  is  afcribed  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
it  will  be  expedient  for  our  readers  to  know  what  became  of 
fuch  a  numerous  pofterity.    The  names  of  thefe  eleven  princes 

t  D'Herb€l.  p.  37.  art*  Aboufaid.  *  Ibid,  p   H~37* 

«  Tex.  p.  318. 

(D)  Called  alfo  Karali^b  in  refentment  of  .^W/2i/V's  aflift- 
jlrrin,  a  dclightfur  place,  on  ing  Hajjfan  Ali  againft  Baffiim 
th^  river  Arrds^  in  the  province  Beg ;  and  this  is,  probably,  what 
^f  Arrdn,  made  Ahufaid  rcfufc  to  make 

(E)  This,  poffibly,  was  doftc    peace  with  the  Turkmdn, 

C  c  3  were, 

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^obam- 

ped  ani . 
ghah 


49$  ffyhnf  ^  *^  Mdgik  Hid  TaDirs;       B*  VI« 

^Abaf;^d  W|M^,  Sokia  /ffihfi^i  Sokan  Ahhmud^  Mii^  M9hMfmsd,  Mk* 
Miraa.    Shih  Rpkk^  UkuA  Uiug  S^t  Wrm  Omdr  Sheyki,  Mfaza  ^M- 
W«v^  i^Ar,  Mioa  ^/<?rM  Mirai  J^iki^A  Mkza  ^//^//,   Mirra  (?mrr, 
It  pioft  b^  obiif  n^d,  that  nil  th«(e  princes  bore  the  tide  of  folt 
X^f .  although  moA  of  them  did  fiot  re^n  as  {overtigas, 
.   The  Mirzaf  M^h^mmed  AiKi  <SAi$>^  ^i/M  fell  iato  the  buKb 
%QJ^tii^n/S€g^  and  reiaain^  a  Idng  tune  prkCoiriirs  id  /ritt; 
Inpm  whcQce  at  length  e(UpiBg»  they  pafled  fome  years  in  the 
iame  province,  in  a  miferabl^  ftate.     At  the  end  of  which,  iQ 
899  (^  the  Hfjrah,  <»f  Chrift  1493^  departiag  to  go  into  Kho- 
rqffah,  Si4h  Ruki  died«  in  the  ooufitry  df  S^i^  ^^tod  wa&  in* 
teri^  at  Her^t :  but  his  brother  M^twm^l  w^  takte  pri^ 
loner  by  Soltan  Hujfaym 

.8o2,TAif  Mahmiid,  >vlieD  the  Tiirlbr^^  beoaflfte  mafttrs  of 
Jbuji^d'^  pamp,  m^e  hh  efei^  to  if#rk2^«  But  could  Hoi 
(by  there  loag  %  for  ^oltto  Nt^yri^  fon  of  M^nfkr^  having 
fedaced  Kkor^An  utider  fa^  QGM9dienc««  in  i(  (hprt  fpdkre  <^  time, 
MahmAd  was  obliged  to  tak^  r^ge  With  his  brcHher  Jbmiit 
who  reigned  4t  SMrmtrfuMt^  in  6^re^f  BukMrU^  Ther^  he  was 
very  well  receif ed,  and  lived  for  %  while  iH  grfat  harmony  Irith 
his  t^oth^ :  tiU^  by  the  foUipitadQi^  ol  thoft  he  tonVerfed 
\^thy  he  wei^t  oat  Qft^d^y^  ut|der  pretence  ctf  kamtiBg^  a^d  made 
all  the  hafie  be  coddi  with  thofip  of  his  party*  t€>waFds  the 
fprit^  of  thitJiHft  (cr  ^^mA) ;  wh^  h^  feiied  the  promce 
qf  Badag/h^n,  aftd  the  adjacent  epQHtry. 

/iBMEf)  dyii^  in  the  year.  9^^^^  Solt^  7lf4ikit<^ joined  the 
dooainiofis  ^f  his  broths  to  his  own. :  but  he  did  boI  enjoy  (hax^ 
long;  for  he  dfed  die  iMe  year,  i^hI  left  foiir  foos;  vis^ 
M^d,  Sayfankir,  M,  and  PW>, 

Sol  TAN  M^jfud  facoeeded  his  fi^ther  t  bat  hid  hrtnhers, 
B^unkor  (whq  wi^  goVerftqff  of  SamarkmU)  and  j4U^  vbA* 
ling  againft  him,  he.  feized  tb^  hitter,  ^nd'caufed  a  hdt  iron  Id 
be  paded  before  his  eyes  t  hf^wever^  as  the  ofleration  did  not 
take  away  his  %ht,  he  fled  to  Bokhara,  ^nd,  hi^ving  gathered 
fotne  troops,  retired  for  QaAxet  t6  Sedtin  Huffcyn^  in  Kbo- 
r^^j^*  On  the  other  fide,  B^tyfankw'^  unable  to  hold  ent 
^(XBger  againft  M^ud,  left  Samarkanf  in  difgnife,  and  fkd  td 
ibtpiuZt  a  city  on  the  JiMn^  and  bflonging  to  BudagshAt^  ac- 
pompamed  by  the  Amir  KhofrA  Shdhy  who  was  one  of  Soltin 
Afi^iy's  ene&ues.  This  prinee^  beii^  thus  delivered  from  his 
two  brptheni,  enjoyed  the  fovereignty  of  Creai  Buki^ria  peace* 
ibly,  ^t  Samarkant,  till  the  year  90^. 

MgAN  time,  Soltan  y^fi  continued  at  Ae  court  of  Soltan 
fiujfayn  5  who  took  fo  great  an  ^ftion  for  him,  that  he  gave 
him  his  d^ghterjn  marriage,  with  a  very  confiderable  portion.  - 
After  this,  1^  furoilhed  him  wi^  sb^  armyj,  to  difpute  the 

patrimony 


^lahmftd* 
fits  fins. 


??«]•  9PS- 
A.  D. 


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pmiiaoiiy'  of  fai»  anceftoit  -with  Ms  tat>t)iers  MdffBi  and  Aty-*  6.  Afa^faU 
Jkmk&r.    y41f2UX:<^mglyeftteiied6^rra#^i^/Mrit2^aiuIinadecoa-    Mirzt. 
fididk«bteadviEttW8**biW,^»*enbewaiB0»^  ^«-— v— *^ 

in  hid  eoterprife;  he  unhaf^pily  ^vej^r  to  tte  enwys  oEKh^ii 
SAd/f ;  who,  pretending  to  obey  him  iA;  e^ery  thing,  defodgdt 
him  ib  much  with  his  tsAxf  fpetfche^,  tkat  he  fidl  into  the  ihare^ 
which  finilbitt«d'  aU  his  defigns :  fo  tliiit  he  was  obliged  to  i£^ 
torn  to  his  fexher-in-law  Soltan  Hujfayn, 

Wben  Khi^fri  Shdh  had  i^uined  tfae  atfairs  of  Sokan  ^/i,  by  Bayfan. 
hisaitiHees^  he  cktermioed  tc^  get  fid  of  Bayjankof,  ^ooon-  kor« 
tiAwed  a<  Kmduz^  by  ^  fiuires  which  he  bid  for  him  aHb ; 
add  haViag  at  kngth  compaffisd  his  defign,  be^  by  thac  prince's^ 
deach^i  becaMe  mSder,  notonlyof  .Kni^iirat,  bucaifoof  iM/^r 
BtgoTy  ai)dtkei«1u>lec90iCmftiryof^iiJbj^XL 
.   As  £br  Mina  >^^,  of  ^^rij^  fomth  fen  (dMdhmAd,  he  was  VeTs. 
all  the  while  in  Turkeft&n%  whither,  to  avoid  tliefe  tronbdes,. 
be  had,,  frcfto^  the  begiamag,  retted  tio  hk  feldtioms  by  hits  mo- ' 
Cher's  fide. 

VLUG  Big,  Ae  fifth  fern  rf  AMfiui,  ohteiaed  front  hisf  UlugBcg. 
father  the  government  of  JQhiil  and  GAodit^  with  the  Mdics ;. 
Which  prGPvkicesr  he w«$  msifter  of  in  i/^^  ^9,  A.  D.  1493, 
fiiAhed  his  hiftory. 

OMAR  Mifkh;  fixXh  foil  of  Attijauf,  became,  by  his  fa-  Omar 
tbcr*9  deiMh^  {(Pittdtga  df  (he  Oount^y  of  Judek^n ;  which  he  ^^eykh. 
poileilcd  till  the  year  ^99^,  when  he  broke  hk  nedE,  by  a  £01 
katA  the  top  of  a  pige%»-iscmfe.  He  reigned  with  the  reputa- 
tioa  of  a  Xftrfgc^  prkioe;  and  was  ^eoeeded  by  fa^  Ton 
M^bor,  or  IM^;^,  foonder  <tf  the  emf^re  of  the  Mtngls,  what 
reigo  at  prttmt  k  HindAftin. 

j^BUBEKM,  {e^PetiA  fom.  ^  Ahif^d,  had  for  his*  fiiartf,  Ab&bekr* 
diarfiiipf  lifid  father^  Ufe,  the  coentr/  of  BadtAJhrn ;  which  h^ 
poflefled  alfo  afttr  htodeoide »  ^tt,  £dfifi{g  out  with  Selt^ 
Huffayn,  he  was  taken  pafoner>  in  a  battle  fought  between 
them,  and  put  fo  iexSx,  in  the  ytar  684  of  tli^  Hejrah,  of 
Cfacift  1479*. 

So£*TAN  Mpr&iy  the  ei^tb  fon,  for  feme  tkne  governed  ^okan 
the  provinces  of  Kfmusirwd  Kan(kk^r\  and,  when  hiajfi^  Morad. 
ther  Ahujkid  became  mafter  of  Iriky  he  advanced,  by  his  or- 
der, to  feize  dte  province  of  KermAn :  but,  receiving  advice 
on  the  road  of  his  defeat,  and  death,  he  returned  to  his  firft 
government.  After  this^  Y4fif  TarhhAi  revdhing  againft  him, 
he  had  recourfe  to  the  protcftion  of  Soltan  Hiiffayn,  who  feat 
him,  rinder  a  good  efcort,  to  liis  brother  Jhmed,  at  Samara 
ttant.    tfov^evef,  he  did  not  flay  long  there :  for,  not  meeting 

♦  DliBRML*  ttbi  fop.  p.  jS- 

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y.  Soli  an 
Ahmsd. 


Hifiory  of  tbe  Moguk  and  Talars.       B.  VL 

v^tth  ft>ery  favourable  recepdon,  he  foon  after  returned  to 
Soltan  i/i^;'«*s  court,  where  he  received  all  forts  of  goo4 
treatment :  but  at  length,  in  880,  he  was  accompanied  by  the 
officers  of  that  prince  to  the  caftlc  of  Niretti ;  and  from  that 
time  we  have  no  account  of  him. 

MiRZA  Soltdn  Kalil,  the  ninth  fon  of  AbJifatd  Mtrza^  re* 
maiaed  at  Herdt  during  his  father's  unfortunate  expedition 
againft  Haffan  Beg  :  fo  that  Soltin  Kuffayn  having,  with  a  great 
army,  fubdued  Khoraffhiy  he  was  obliged  to  put  himfelf  into 
the  hands  of  that  conqueror,  not  being  in  a  condition  to  de* 
fend  the  city  againft  his  forces.  Huffayn  'fent  him  into  Great 
Bukh&ria^  where  his  brother -^Am^i  reigned  :  but,  Kalil  takc^ 
ing  upon  him  to  afl  as  mafter  as  foon  as  he  entered  the  coun- 
try, Ahmed  fent  one  of  his  generals,  with  fome  troops,  to  curb 
bis  infolence ;  fo  that  he  was  foon  after  (lain  in  an  engagement 
pn  this  occafion. 

SoLTAN  Veled^  tenth  fon  of  Ahtifa\d^  paffed  his  days  in  a 
private  condition,  among  the  oriental  Turks  of  the  tribe  of 
Erlat ;  till  he  died  at  length  of  pcxfon,  infi^fed  by  one  of  his 
domeftics  in  his  drink. 

Sol  TAN  Omar  Mirza,  youngeft  fon  c(  AMfdidy  was  at 
Samarkant  at  the  time  of  his  father's  death  :  but,  Ahmed  be* 
ing  obliged  to  baniih  him  from  his  court,  oi)  account  of  fome 
difturbances  which  he  excited  there,  he  retired  to  his  brother 
Abibehr^  who  was  then  encamped  near  Mari^  at  fuch  tune 
as  Soltan  Huffayn  entered  with  his  army  into  Khorajf&n.  AM- 
bekr  oppofed  the  invader's  progrefs  :  but  having  beea  defeated 
and  (kin,  Omar  retreated  toward  Abiurd  or  Bawerd,  and 
Neffa ;  wherie  being  taken  by  fome  of  Hujayn*s  officers,  ho 
was  fent  prifoner  to  fferdt,  and  (hut  up  in  the  caftle  of  Ekti* ' 
iro'ddsn  \  from  whence,  ia  883,  he  was  conveyed  tq  the  caiUe 
of  Niret4',  after  which,  we  hear  no  more  of  him  K 

Tie  Reign  of  Saltan  Khmtd.  , 

A  FTER  the  death  of  Ab^fatd,  his  eldeft  fon  Soltin  Ahmed, 
-^  of  whom  fome  account  has  been  already  pven,  fucceedc4 
him  at  Samarkant,  in  the  country  of  MdixmraUndhr,  now 
called  Great  Bukhdria,  and  reigped  twenty  years  j  at  the  end 
of  which  he  died,  in  the  year  899  \  of  Chrift  1493. 

The  Reign  of  ScUdn  Myr. 

n  S0ltf»    THE  Mfrza  Soltdn  Bdbor,  or  B^r,  was  the  fon  of  Omi^ 

BiS^.  Sheykh,  fixth  fon  of  Ahiifdid  Mirza,  according  to  JTwi- 

damir ;  but,  to  others,  the  fourth.     By  the  death  of  his  ft- 


Mtin 
Vclcd. 


Omar 

JWir^a, 


7,  Sotidn 
Ahined. 


k  O'HpRBELOT,  ubifupra,  p.  39. 


^  T^XEiRAi  p.  319- 
th^, 


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C.  8..  the  RiigncfSoUdn  Babr.  409  • 

ther,  in  894,  as  has  been  already  related,  he  became  foyereign  8.  Saltan 
of  the  country  of  Jndekhdn;   and,  on  the  death  of  Sohan     Babr. 
y^imed,  in  899,  afcended  the  throne  of  Great  Bukhdria :  but  ^^^V'*'^ 
five  years  after,  viz,  in  904,  Shay  Peg  Solt^,  invading  that 
region  with  an  army  of  Uzbeks  from  beyond  the  river  Sihuriy 
or  Sir,  drove  him  out  of  his  kingdom,  and  took  pofleffion  of 
it ;  fo  that  afterwards  no  prince  oH  the  race  of  Tim^r  reigned 
there.     Bdhr,  after  his  expulfion,  retired  to  Gaznen,  or  Gazna^ 
and  thence  into  Hinduft&n,  where  he  made  confiderable  con- 
quefls ;  over  which  he  reigned  till  the  year  937  of  the  Hejrahy 
oi  .Chrifl  1,530  ■.    But,  as  we  ihall  have  occafion  to  fp^  of 
his  a£lions  more  at  large,  when  we  come  to  treat  of  the  race 
of.  TimAr  who  reigned  in  India  under  the  name  of  Jagatays 
and  Great  Mogols^  we  (hall  fay  no  inore  of  them  at  prefent. 

C  H  A  P.    IX. 

Of  the  'Princes  defcended  from  Tim6r,  who  reigned  in 
Khoraflan,  and  other  Parts  of  Iran,  after  the  Death' 
^/"ShabRukh.  State  cf 

AS  the  empire  fell  into  divifionand  confufion  after  the  death 
of  TimAr^  the  like  happened  on  that  of  his  fon  Sh&h 
JRiikh :  fo  that,  excepting  the  twelve  years  during  which  JM^ 
/aid  held  Khorajfdm.  that  province,  with  fome  neighbouring 
count;ries,  was  pofle0ed  by  other  princes  defcended  from  Shih 
R^iby  and  not  by  thofe  who  were  his  immediate  fucceffors  in 
Great  BukMria. 

BArSANKER,  fon  of  Sh^h  Rukh,  dying  in  837,  during 
his  father's  life-time,  left  three  fons ;  Rokno'ddin,  AlaVddawletf 
Soltan  Mohdmmed,  and  AbA'l  Kdfem  B/ibr ;  who  all  m^de  a 
great  noife  in  the  world.  Sh^  Rukhy  on  Bay/anker's  death; 
gave  his  father's  employments  to  the  eldefl,  and  only  penfions  Ala'>*d- 
to  the  other  two  princes,  diwlet* 

A%  foon  as  Alao'ddavilet  heard  of  the  death  of  his  grand-  feixes 
father  Shah  Rukh,  hcj  feized  on  the  city  of  Herdt,  capital  of  Herat. 
Khorajfdn  ;  i|nder  prptence  of  commanding  there  in  behalf  of 
his  uncle  Ulug  Beg,  who  reigned  at  Bamarkant.  He  there 
found  great  treafures,  which  he  plundered  ;  and  feized  the  per- 
fon  of  Abdot'llc^tif,  fon  oi  Ulug  Beg,  whom  he  kept  prifoner 
for  a  confiderable  time :  but  Ulug  Beg,  having  pafled  the  Amd 
with  a  powerful  army  from  Great  Bukharia,  defeated,  and 
obliged  him  to  fly  to  his  brother  the  Mirza  Bdbr.  Thefe  two 
princes  joined  their  fqrces,  and  marched  to  oppofe  their  uncle  j 

*  D'HjRBELOT,  p.  38.  16}.  art.  Abuf^d  Mit-za &  Miran  Shah. 

who, 

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4ro  tliji0fy  tf/bi  Moguls  ^  Turn.       B.  VL 

S.  Ssliart  w)u>,»  yayiff»B  ^  match  to  be  eqoal^  loft  them  in  [k>fiei&oa 

Babr.     o£  ^^i^  and  i%t«med  to  BMk  \ 

Vi-— y-^     SHJH  Rikh  bring  cfead  io  ^50^  Mlna  ^J*r,  trho  tJidnt  go- 

Babr/ff/-  veroed  the  pft)vili€e  of   Jorjitu  catered  that  of  Khataffini 

/effed^  of     ^here  hb  brother  JlHs^'ddawkt  had  already  fdzed  Rerit,  and 

J^oaa-      eoeamped  with  his  forces  near  the  city  of  T4s  (or  MqflMd)^ 

^*  ^*    near  the  fepiilchfe  of  the  Imam  Alt  Rtuu  Biit,  by  the  loidia- 

*^  *     tion  of  frieiKU^   hoflilhies  were  {Prevented  between  the  two 

brothers ;  and  the  coaotry  of  KaJmJhan  appointed  the  bodn* 

dary  between  their  domioionSy  is  851 :  after  whkb,  BiktJt* 

turoed  to  Afturab^^  the  capital  of  Jorjdi^* 

Oppofes  '^^^  year  fotiowifig^  Atfr,  hiiing  receited  adriccr  tfaat  hk 

Ulug^Beg.  nack  Ukg  Big  waa  k  nrms  oo  the  borders  of  SaJUtm  and 

Damtgan,  and  bid  akaady  pofled  the  bridge  nanMid  Rut  IBri* 

Jhiniy  or  the  Bridge  (f  SUA,  to  attack  his  brother  AlUo*ddawUt^ 

fent  Kalil  Hend&gha,  asKf  of  fais  generals,  to  follow  the  foltan ; 

and  marched  himfelf,  with  his  beft  troops,  towards  Herat,  in 

dtidt  eo  iflt6ree|»t  M0  fHafla^  f6  ttnd  <my,    At  fte  ttiarch 

Jteducis     oU^  l/lkg  Beg  to  (piit  Khoraffin,  Aikr  faea  ttade  \An£Ai 

Herat,       mafter  of  Herat,  which  his  brother  AlMddmki  had  ilrtady 

abandoned ;  where  he  exercifed  great  violences  towards  the  in* 

battmmiL    Bvt  they  were  iie«^$nge4  M  him  feme  tikiM  afifer  t 

fbr  r^lr  i4/r^  the  Tufkmin,  faatl^  adva^ded'to  %6i!^  UKh, 

the  cidzens  delitered  one  c£  their  gafes^  m  hi9  ei^aiKy,  ami  e^ 

Hg^  bhn  to  fly  to  the  caftle  of  Ektiit&'ddiH ;  which  he  piK 

h^,  am)  abandondd  not  long  aftef.    YAr  Ak,  IS^dng^hi^mf 

mafter  of  iuch  a  potent  dty,  ftfiaghied  the  war  wa^  iodrdy 

over,  and  thought  of  nothing  bnt  diverting  himfelf  r'Wfaenf 

riie  troops  of  S^r^  ixrhidi  ftm  hovered  ^ear  Herat,  found  an 

oppOFtuntty,  about  three  wveks  ^xtv,  to  feize  a  gace ;  aarf 

iiirprifing  Y^  AH,  ra  t!he  mldft  of  his  debauch,  brought  Mnr 

before  Sdktf  wbc3r  ordere4  his  head  to  be  ftrdCK  off  In  ^ 

public  matket-piace.  ^  * 

JmpHJhni       BABR,  being  thus  become  mafter  of  KhraffSn,  gave  thd 

A)ao*d«     city  dF  Tit  A  io  hi»  btotber  AlMiiAii>kt,  who  had  fiot  appeared 

4awiet»     fiace  his  flight  froas  Uhg  Beg  i  bet  a  while  after,  havix^  cotH 

eeived  fome  jeakmfy  of  hhn,  fei^d  hhn,  ulth  his  fon  Ibri- 

Mm,  and  fem  them  prifoners  to  HerAt.    After  thk,  giving 

Mmfell  Up  to  pleafnf es,  and  negle£i:h^  af&irs,  his  officers  com* 

mhted  many  difbnieri  In  the  city :   but  the  revest  of  ShUi 

Hnffayn,  in  t4ie  province  of  SajeftAn  (which  depends  on  Kk^ 

raffAn)y  rouicd  i^  out  of  his  flothful  humour;  and,  caufii^ 

hhn  to  take  arms^   he  marched  s^inft  the  "rebel  with  fucfi 

expedition,  that,  not  being  prepared  to  eneouater  hkn,  ht 

•  I>'HBaBEM>r,  f.  %i.  a<t.  Alaeddoelat 

fobautt^d 

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C.  9.  ,    ^keRiiff^  ^  S^ltin  BIbr.  411 

fubmttted  to  pay  an  annual  tribute.    Mean  time  th«  Amfr  S.Sokam 
fiend&ghay  dii&tisEed  with  the  hafty  temper  of  BAbr^  \rent  at     Babr. 
the  bead  of  feveral  mal-contents,  and  feizcd  the  city  of  4fter*  ^■^^v**'^ 
abad.    SSr  immediately  fet  forward  ^th  his  forces^  and  gave 
him  battle  \  which  at  firft  proved  adverie,  and  fatal  to  ^An 
Jb^fdid,  who  commanded  his  army  s  but  at  length  M  Be^ 
h^f  his  iecond  general,  flew  HinMgha^  and  obtained  a  com-> 
plete  viftory  **. 

At  this  tme^laifddaivUt  efcapedfrom  prifen,  and  fied  toF//^i  fo  . 
J^M,  to  his  brother  Mohammed t  who,  on  the  death  of  their  Moham* 
©ncle  Sh&h  Rdkhy  feized  on  that  pro^iace,  together  with  Pdn  med, 
(or  Prefer  Perfid)  >  and,  ftill  gaining  ground  every  day,  was 
advanced  as  f^r  as  the  borders  of  Khorafitu  B&br  met  hint 
with  a  confiderable  army;  but  was  intirely  defeated  by  hia 
two  brothers^  and  obliged  to  take  iheher  in  the  caftle  of  Omadi 
while  Mohammed  entered  into  Her&t^  and  delivered  the  Mirza 
tbr&him  to  his  father  Alao'dda*miet/  BSr  fome  time  aft«r 
quitted  Orndd  5  and,  by  the  way  of  Jbiurdy  or  Banverd,  marched 
towards  Aftfrabdd^  knowing  that  the  inhabitants  were  difcon- 
tented  with  the  Amtr  Hqi  Jana/bMrif  whom  Mohammed  had 
made  governor.  ;  The  latter  met  him  at  T4s,  and  fought  an 
obftinate  battle,  but  loft  it  i  and,  beii^  taken  prifoner,  with 
feverai  officers,  all  were  put  to  the  Avord.  Soltan  Mohammed^ 
who  had  advice  of  this  march,  hailed  to  fupport  his  general  > 
but  hearing,  by  the  way^  that  he  was  defeated,  made  fuch 
expedition  with  three  hundred  horfe  only,  that  he  furprifed 
Bdhr  in  his  camp,  and  obliged  him  to  fly  back  to  the  cafUe 
of  OmAd. 

The  viftor,  however,  that  the  enemy  might  not  perceive  Recovers 
the  fewnefs  of  his  troops,  retired  alio  to  his  former  camp ;  Heiit. 
where  he  was  aftonUhed  not  to  find  one  of  his  foldiers,  who, 
OB  a  falfe  report  of  his  defeat,  had  all  difperfed  themfelves* 
At  the  fame  time  he  wa6  informed,  that  his  brother  AlUo'd- 
dawlet^  whom  he  had  fent  to  Kermoiir  (in  KermAn)  before 
the^jattlc,  taking  advantage  of  BAbr\  fecond  retreat  to  Om^d^ 
had  repaired  to  Herhty  and  been  admitted  by  the  inhabitants* 
This  news  much  furprifed  Mohammed ;  who,  feeing  that  all 
the  advantages  he  had  gained  by  the  war,  feived  only  to  exalt 
AlUo'ddaviUt^  quilted  KlmrajTAn  in  dilgufl:,.  and  returned  to 
/r^.     B^r  no  fooner  heard  of  his  brother  Mohammed's  re*  Flies 
treat,  than  he  left  Omid^  and  marched  to  attack  Herat ;  which  again* 
jdlao'ddaivlet  quitting  on  his  approach,  he  for  the  fecond  time 
entered  that  citv  5  but,  not  content  with  this  ccftiquefl,  he 
fnarch^  to  Bmkf  whither  his  brother  had  fled  \  and,  driving 

'   ^.  P'HiRPEtoT,  p.  160,  ^.Baboi*. 

Jiim 

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412  ^         Hijdry  of  tie  Mogulkand  tsLtaxs.       B.  VL 

8.  Soltan  him  but  of  that  city  alfo,  purfued  him  into  the  mountains  of 
Bibr.     Badakjb^ny  till  he  was  able  to  proceed  no  farther  for  the  fnow. 
u..*^*— J  Thus  he  became  mafter  of  BiUk^  Kondu^,  and  Bakldn ;  where 
having  left  governors,  he  returned  to  Her^  :  but  was  greatly 
fiirprifed,  at  his  arrival,  to  find  that  Jvts  Beg,  whom  he  in- 
trufted  to  guard  the  caftle  of  Ektidro'ddin,  had  revolted  ^ 
Babr  reto-      As  this  fortrcfs  is  fo  fituated,  that  there  is  no  entering  the 
'vers  He-  city  without  paffing  through  a  corridor  which  communicates 
fit.  with  it ;  the  foltan,  inftead  of  undertaking  to  force  a  place 

which  was  capable  of  maldng  great  refiftance,  thought  of  a 
ftratagem,  which  fucoeeded  to  his  wi(h.  For  he  fent  an  order  to 
the  governor,  forbidding  him  to  ftir  out  of  the  caftle  when 
he  (hould  make  his  entrance  into  the  city  :  then  fending  for- 
ward his  whole  band  of  mufic  in  the  evening,  he  mixed  widi 
them  fome  c(  his  braveft  ofHcers.  Thefe  men,  bdng  arrived 
near  the  city,  gave  ont  that  the  foltan  vras  come.  On  this 
news,  Jvts  immediately  fent  his  fon  into  the  corridor,  to  re- 
ceive him,  and  followed  clofe  himfelf,  having  left  his  brother 
in  the  fortrefs,  which  he  kept  fliut  up  :  but  Sheykh  Manf&r^ 
one  of  the  pretended  muficians,  fell  firft  upon  the  fon  of  AvU 
Beg,  whom  he  ftabbed,  and  his  companions  did  the  like  by 
the  father ;  after  which,  B^r  found  no  difficulty  to  get  the 
caftle  furrendered  to  him.  At  the  fame  time  being  informed, 
that  his  brother  Alao'ddawlet  lay  concealed  in  the  tent  of 
Ejkander  Beg,  which  was  in  the  rear  of  his  camp,  he  had  him 
taken  from  thence,  and  put  under  a  ftrong  guard. 
Dr feats  ^N  855  Sol  tan  Babr  went  to  pafs  the  winter  at  AflarabU 

Moham-    and  made  fome  ftay  afterwards  at  Baftam  \  where  bdng  in- 
Hicd.         formed  that  his  brother  Mohammed  prepared  to  make  war 
Hej.  855.  upon  him  afrcfh,  he  fent  an  ambaflador  to  obtain  a  peace  at 
A.  D.    any  rate.     Soltin  Mohammed  feemed  not  inclined  to  grant  it 
'45'»    him:  for  he  pretended  that  part  of  Khorajf&n  belonged  to 
Irak  :  that  the  money  which  was  coined  there  ought  to  bear 
his  imprefs ;  and  that  his  name  ftiould  be  mentioned  in  the 
public  prayers.     However,   B^br  confented  to  all  thefe  de- 
mands, rather  than  incur  a  war ;  and,  quitting  Bafl&m,  went 
into  the  country  of  Mazdnderdn,     Mean  time  Mohammed,  dif- 
regarding  the  treaty  which  he  had  made  with  his  brother, 
marched  with  his  army  towards  Khorajfan,  and  advanced  as 
far  as  the  city  of  Esferayn.     Bhbr  was  extremely  troubled  at 
this  violation  of  the  treaty ;  and,  gathering  what  troops  he 
could  in  hafte,  marched  towards  his  brother ;  who  met  him 
at  Kaburah,  where  was  fought  one  jof  the  ihoft  bloody  battlcj 
that  ever  was  recorded.     The  two  foltans  performed  prodigies 

*  D'Hbrbilot,  p.  161. 

of 


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e.g.  The  Reign  of  SolUn  Babr.    .  413 

of  vabur ;  and  viftory  for  a  long  tinie  feemed  doubtful  on  8.  Soltan 
which  fide  to  declare.     But  at  length  Mohammed,  being  car-     B^br. 
ried  too  far  by  his  courage,  found  himfelf  on  a  fudden  fur-  ^-'^***^ 
rounded,  and  taken  prifoncr**.  , 

BABR^  having  by  this  means  gained  this  important  vie-  ?uts  him 
tory,  caufed  Mohammed  to  be  put  to  death  without  remorfc  :  t9  death. 
and,  having  thus  gotten  rid  of  his  youpgeft  brother,  he  or- 
dered the  eyes  of  Jldo'ddawlet^  the  ddefl,  whom  he  kept  pri- 
foner,  to  be  put  out :  but  the  perfons  who  were  appointed  to 
do  that  work,  in  pity  to  this  prince,  moved  the'  hot  iron  be- 
fore his  eyes  in  fuch  a  manner,  as  not  to  deprive  hin\  of  fight. 
After  this,  Bibr  believed  he  fhould  have  no  more  diflurbance 
from  his  brothers ;  and  marched  towards  the  province  of  Pdrs^ 
to  take  pofleffion  of  it,  as  belonging  to  him  by  the  death  of 
Mohammed,  The  great  lords  of  the  country  came  to  pay  him 
homage ;'  and  he  entered  triumphantly  into  the  city  of  Shirdz. 
But  he  was  fcarce  arrived,  when  he  received  advice  that  Jehdn 
Shdhy  the  Turkmdrij  fon  of  Kura  TAfef,  had  entered  Per/tan 
Irak  with  confiderable  forces,  and  already  laid  fiege  to  the  city 
of  Kom,     TlifS  news  made  him  leave  Shirdz,  the  government  ♦ 

of  which  he  gave  to  Mirza  Sanjar  (A),  one  of  his  relations, 
to  difcharge  his  fury  on  the  Turkman,  when  he  was  flopped 
by  more  unwelcome  tidings  from  Herdt ;  viz.  that  his  brother 
Alao'ddaiulet,  affifled  by  the  Amir  Yadighiar  Shdh,  and  feveral 
of  his  near  relations,  was  in  the  field  in  quefl  of  him. 

On  this  advice,  judging  it  of  more  importance  to  preferve  Defeats 
Khoraffdn  than  Irdk,  he  returned  to  Herdt,  by  the  way  of  Alao'd- 
Yezd,  where  he  left  the  Mirza  Kalil,  fon  of  Jehdn  Ghir,  to  dawlet* 
command  :  but,  before  he  arrived,  the  Amir  Fir  Darwijh^ 
and  his  other  generals  in  Khoraffdn,  had  pacified  the  troubles, 
ty  obliging  Alaoddawlet  to  retire  to  Ray  (in  Kuheji&n,  of  Per- 
fian  Irak),     Bdbr,  having  thus  reftored  peace  to  his  dominions, 
thought  of  nothing  but  taking  his  pleafure  ;  when,  in  857  (B),     A.  D. 


HS3- 


**  D'Herbelot,  p.  161. 

(A)  ^>  are  told  by  D'Herhe-        (B)  This  fame  year,  we  arc 

lot,  in  the  article  of  Sanjar  Af/r-  told  that  Sheykh  Bahao*l  Ha- 

sea,  that  he  was  the  fon  oF  Jh-  quoddin  Omar  died  at  the  city  of 

med,  fon  of  Bayer  a,  (on  6f  Omar  Ha/ara,  in  great  reputation  for 

Sheykh  :   but  as  Baycra,  or  Bay-  fanftity ;  and  that  Bdbr  immc- 

kara,  was  the  grandfon  of  Omar  diately  went  to  vifit  his  children, 

Sheykh,  by  Jli  EJkdnder,  poffibly  gave  orders  for  his  funeral,  and 

Baycra  may  be  a  roiftake  of  the  even  carried  the  coffin  on  his 

prefs  for  Bayera,  who  was  the  ihouldcrs  part  of  the  way, 
fevendi  fon  of  QTnar  Sheykh, 

Sanjar 

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414  Hi^cfib$M^ifS^MiT2Ltzn.       B,Vl 

t.^9itJn  Sd/yar^  and  the  other  iwds  whom  be  )md  isfc  ^  Shtriz,  be^ 

Babr.    ing  jpnt  to  flight  by  Jehin  Sidi,  arrived  ztH^rdt.     Hercapoa 

'  he  m  oat  to  carry  the  war  into  i^4k  and  Azgrhjajt^  which  ths 

Turkmans  had  made  themfelves  ooaftor^  c^.    Bdng  come  to 

jiftarabSdj  he  fiaid  the  tiipe  of  Rama%^  fi^ft :  but,'  when  he 

was  ready  to  march  forward,  he  received  adrice  firom  gUk, 

that  8<dtAn  Abifafdy  who  reigned  in  (7r^af  Bykhdrm,  hui 

pafled  die  7^iiMii ;  and,  having  dpfirared  and  flain  lus  geoerals, 

was  oicapiped  near  that  city* 

Marches        BABR,  reflefUng  on  this  occafion,  as  he  did  before^  thaf 

^iu^f-A   ^  ^*^**  ^^  °*^^"  importance  to  preiienre  Kkorajfin  than  fubdtt^ 

Abaiaid.  jj.^^^  igf(  tjj^  Turkmans  at  lib»ty  to  pujrfke  their  conq^cib^ 

and  mardied  back  to  Herat. 

When  he  arrived  at  /Mor^»  news  w^  bright  that  JH- 
/did  had  repaiied  tiie  JihAn :  but  thi$  did  not  hinder  him  IP 
proceed  towards  Great  BuUsaria\  whiah  h^  ent^f^,  l^  fi^f^" 
ing  (hat  river  at  Kondiz  and  BaJJan,     AMfdid,  finding  \m* 
felf  thus,prefled,  ient  ambaiTadors  to  him  ^th  propofals^f 
peace:  but,  without  hearing  tbem,  he  continued  his  march 
tiU  within 'a  league  of  Samarkant ;  where  feveral  cdnfiderahie 
perfons  waidng  on  him,  to  difpofe  him  to  an  accommodadon, 
he  gave  them  no  other  aofwer,  than  that  he  had  cMie  too  far 
to  return  fo  haftily.     For  all  this,  after  loAng  a  great  number 
of  officers  as  well  as  foldiers,  with^out  gaining  any  advantage 
in  forty  days  (lege,  he  hearkened  to  terms  of  peace  :  the  chief 
conditioBS  of  wliidi  were,  that  the  Jihm  (or  AmUt)  (hould 
feparate  the  two  dominions,  a«d  prifpners  be  exchanged* 
Pacifies         AFTER  thjs  agreement,   P^r  retijrnecf  to  Her&t^   where 
Sajcftan.    he  took  his  repok  till  8sp  /  whenfindmg  that  Shah  Hujfayni 
Hqj.  859.  who  had  become  his  tribt}tary»  did  not  a£l  well  either  by  him, 
A'l^-    m  the  officers  whom  he  fent  m^  the  province  of  Sejefi/m,  or- 
'454*    dered  the  Am!r  KaiU  fliifd^gk^  to  reduce  that  prmce  to  reafi:^. 
f[^lif  ordeced  majtters  ip  weU,  tfeat  Ht^ayn  w^  obliged  tp 
take  flight,  in  which  he  loft  his  life  by  the  fnares  which  one  of 
his  own  domeftics  laid  £9f  him ;  aad  thps  KaUl  became  maftei' 
of  all  tbe  country  which  bears  the  name  of  NithHIz,  that  is, 
the  South,  as  well  as  that  of  Rqftant,  from  the  famous  com* 
mander  Xqfiam  (B),  who  was  a  Badv«,  and  the  governor  there- 
of.   At  the  fame  time  Bibr  gave  to  the  Mkza  Saiyar  the  go- 
>Vf^nment  of  JVlari  and  J\itkhdm     Soon  after  fome  lords  ef 

(B)  By  tjic  country  of  Nin^-  province  oitahkfi^n,  where  ^« 

r(iZi  is  jto  be  umjerilood  ^h^  pro*  Ji^n^  was  born,  and  of  which  ke 

vince$  pf  Saieftm,  or  Sijieln,  and  was  governor.     He  is  the  great 

Makrdn,  which  bear  that  name  champio|i  of  the  Perfians,  in  cl« 

alfo;   and,  by  the  country  of  times. which  they  reckon  fabt- 

Rofiftm,  feems  to  be  meant  the  lous. 

4  Mdaum^ 

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C.  9.  The  Rmgnt^Wx,  6fr.  4*5 

MazinderSn,  wi^pm  he  had  ivaBnhmti  in  the  caftk  cff  OjndJ,  S.  W/^/r 
£k\r  the  goiaeriiory  an^  took  the  field  t  but  were  quickly  re-     ^^^r, 
duced  to  bbedieacc  by  J4tiil(^4din  fAahmAdy  governor  of  TAs, '  ^"^"^-^ 

iii  8I60  Jiir,  hanag  tsoGCMrared  6oih  «  dfSfigeroqs  fit  of  ficfc-  Babr  <//>/. 
11C&9  retired  to  rfiis  iS  xitf  for  di^nge  of  air  ;  and  wenj  to  ^^*  ?f  ^^ 
Yifitthe  tomb  of  Imam  Riza^  from  whom  T4s  has  taken  the     ^*  ^* 
mme  of  iM^)^  Mokoddes,  that  is,  ^J^  i^)^  Sepulchre  (C).     H$^' 
fib::e  fae  ina^  cceicats  ^^forthy  of  a  great  prkice ;'  and,  befides 
his  deyotian,  ip^ndiag  'whole  days  in  the  daoAc,  abftained  from 
wie«    But  next  year,  8j6i,  !lfbrgetti«g  his  refoktioii,  he  fdl 
lo.diiBk mne,  as  foranerly^  fo  that,  felBng  in  a  paffion  M4th 
ma  Q&OBX  one  day,  while  tsddng  the  air  in  a  diair  after  a  de- 
Jbauch,  his  health  changed  aU  on  a  fvdden,  and  he  <^d  next 
jnormng  ia  the  apactment  of  his  'vromen.     This  prince  vras 
«mch  jn^ietted  by  ^  his  Aibjdfls  ;  ^nd  interred  under  a  dome 
hy  the  fide  of  Imim  Atza,     The  ^ayficians,  hai4ng  examined 
feis  body,  had  fome  fufpicioa  that  p^ibn  had  been  given  him : 
hsiH  good  men  judged  that  his^death  mftglit  have  heen  caufed 
<by  a  particular  miracle  wrought  by  their  4m^.     They  aferibc 
to  this  prince  ^en  years  of  reign,  from  his  beginning  to  bear 
imzy  in  Jorjan  :  but  properly  he  reigiaed  no  more  than  feven 
years  in  Khoraffutiy  Mazandert^^  and  Tokhareftan, 

H£  'Was  fuqceeded  in  his  dominions  by  his  fon  the  Min^a  Makmfid 
Sbah  Mahndd'^  who  (in  8^2%  being  obliged  1^  the  Turk-  M3f«a. 
mans  to  fly  into  Saj^fian^  was  the  nej^  year  killed  in  a  battle 
which  he  fougKt  in  Miudawfiin^  as  hath  been  before  related  in 
the  reign  of  ""ihujAid ;  who  by  this  m^tis  became  mafter  of 
Khoraffdn^  whid^eld  till  his  death*. 

The  race  of  ^^r  being  thus  extinft,  as  weM  as  that  of  Yadighiar 
jil'doddrnviety  there  jrem^ned  oiriy  dip  Mkza  Tadighiar,  or  Ta-  Mirza. 
dighar^  foa  of  their  •brother  Mohammed^  late  fdt^n  of  Perfian 
Jrdk  ai^d  P&r^.    It  does  aot  aj>pear  wfa^e  ^is  prince  retired 
jio  ijnmediaidy  on  the  dearth  of  his  fother :  but,  in  ^73,  we  Hej.  873* 
•£ad  hint  at  the  xotut  43f  Jf^n  2egy  o€  Usmn  Mdffan^  pi4nce    A.  D. 
of  the  dgraafly  of  liheMkif  Shup^  who  had  Ae  year  pefore     H^^* 
pot  ^n»5a4  to  riiat  of  tA^  Bia4  ^?eeS,  by  the dea^hof  JW^ 
Ski^-     /idjffkn  Aii,  £m  ^f  jfMn  MfSk,  having  ppevmlol  on 
Aifuju'dd  to  oiake  ^war  in  kis  £&voor  ^agalnft  Maffitn  S^^  ihe 
"CijiUi^iU  iaihe  yeaf  .a|0K&iineQtio|)e#y  ttarched  towards  Kara* 

(C)  Rather,  the  holy  place  of  {jiperfti(ious  pa^^j^ejs  rj^l^^  by 

«DWWtyxd<Mn;  whioh  ftfuj/^^  fi^-  the  iiohammedans^  Who  ^rc  ][^ 

nifies,   R:^^  having  h««ii  4ain  Jefs  vifipi^iarits  (haa  Qtl^r  peo« 

theie.— ^Wcomit  two  or  three  pk« 

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4i6 

Yndighitr 
Mirza. 


Ridmcet 

Khoraf- 
iaD. 


Sottin 
HuHayn. 


Hcj.  875 
A.  D. 

1470. 


Hej.911 
A.  U. 
1505. 


Hift^  oftht  Mogids  and  Tatars.       R  VL 

*4?^ ;  where  t)eing  overthrown  by  the  jomt  fiwces  rf  the  Tttrt- 
mdn  and  Tadiglnar  Mtrza^  Haffan  Beg  caufed  the  officers  of 
KhoraJJhi,  who  were  in  AHfaid!%  army,  to  acknowl^e  indlr- 
^^ior  for  th^  lawful  emperor,  and  fucceflbr  of  lindr^  as  be 
bad  himfelf  done  before,  probably  in  refentment  of  AbAfdzis 
aflifting  his  rival  Haffan  Ali, 

TADlGHIARf  after  this,  the  fame  year,  went  and  be* 
iieged  AJiarabad :  but  he  was  oppofed  in  his  enterprife  by  S<d- 
tin  Hujfayriy  already  poflefled  of  Khoraff&n^  who  relieved  that 
dty,  and  defeated  Us  troops.  Yadighiar^  on  this  repulfe,  re* 
treated  to  Haffan  Beg  at  Toiiw,  who  the  next  year  affiftcd 
him  the  fecond  time,  and  gave  him  troops,  with  which  he 
routed  Hvffayn^  obli^ng  him  to  fly  towards  Farlah  and  Batk, 
By  this  viftory  TadigHar  became  matter  of  Khoraffdn  :  but  he 
gave  himfelf  up  fo  intirely  to  bis  pleafures,  that  he  quite  ne- 
gleAed  his  affliirs,  and  took  no  more  precautions  than  if  he 
had  no  competitor  to  his  dominions.  This  infenfibility  fumilhed 
Huffayn  with  leifure  to  wait  an  opportunity  to  attack  him  un- 
expectedly ;  which  he  found  foon  after :  for,  furpriiing  him 
in  the  midft  of  his  debauches,  with  only  a  thoufand  horfe,  he 
flew  him  in  the  year  875  ;  and  this  prince  was  the  laft  of  the 
family  of  Shah  Ritkh  \  who  reigned  in  Khorajjan. 

HU SS AT N  Mirza  was  the  fon  oi  Manfur^  or  Ahnanfir^ 
fon  of  Baykarah,  fon  of  Omar  Sheykh,  fecond  fon  of  Timur, 
He  was  fur  named  AM'lghdzi,  on  account  of  his  viftories  :  but 
we  have  litde  more  to  add  concerning  them,  than  what  hss 
.  been  already  related  in  the  foregoing  reigns.  After  the  defeat 
and  death  of  Yadighiar  Mirza,  his  near  relation,  in  875,  he 
afcended  the  throne  of  Khoraffdn,  in  its  capital  Her&t,  But 
this  conqueft  did  i^ot  procure  him  a  fetded  repofe :  for  he 
.was  engaged  in  fevefal  wars  with  the  Uzbek  Tatars,  who  made 
frequent  incurfions  upon  his  territories ;  and  had  already  driven 
Mirza  Bthr  out  of  Great  Bukh&ria,  of  which  they  were  be- 
come mafters.  Agsdnft  thefe  new-ouners,  he  obtained  feme 
fignal  viftorles,  and  defigned  to  have  expelled  them :  but  he 
.  died  by  the  way  at  IVadekis  (D),  in  91 1 ,  after  a  reign  of  thirty- 
fix  years  over  all  Khoraffitn.-  This  prince,  who  was  a  lover  of 
virtue  and  the  fciences,  left  feveral  diildren  bdund  him  <• 

BAJ)i0\^?AMA'N{E)  and  Mozaffer,  two  of  Ht^ayii% 


^   P'HfRBELOT,  p.  470. 
BEI.OT,   p.  464. 


»  TtxEiKA,  p.  320.    D^Hn- 


(D)  A  miflake,  perhaps,  for    is  pronounced,    Ba£o^zx§mm 
Badekis,  .     c"  ^yxAx^  4U 'W9ndcr  of  tht  ^gt. 

(E)  Baiia  al  xamdn,  or,  as  it 

ibos 

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C.  5.        Tie  Reign  ef  BAdi'ozzam^,  &r.  41  f 

foils,  reigned  bc^  together  at  Herdt,  after  thdr  father's  death,  BIdio'z* 
but  did  not  long  enjciy  his  dominions  r  for,  bieing  invaded  by  zamin. 
Shaybegt  khan  of  the  Uzbeks ^  and  not  able  to  oppofe  him,  ^■•^v*""^ 
they  abandoned  the  country  to  their  enemy^     Bddto'zzamhi 
Went  firft  to  Kandahdr^  and  thence  to  Trujhis ;  from  whence 
he  retuhied,  with  what  forces  he  could  gather,  to  attack  the 
Uxbtks.    But,  being  overthrown,  he  fled  to  Shah  IJmael  Sofi^ 
who  then  reigned  in  Perfta ;  who  gave  him  lands  about  Tawrit 
for  his  fupport,  befides  ten  fharffins  in  gold  every  day  for  his 
table.     BAdi  continued  -in  this  fituation  for  feven  years,  till 
920  ;  when  Soltin  SeUm^  emperor  of  the  T^rib,  having  taken 
Tauris  from  the  Mh,  he  was  carried  to  ConftantinopU,  where 
he  died,  in  923  K    As  for  Mozaffer,  he  died  in  915,  in  the  , 
mountains  erf  Khorajf&n^  whither  he  had  fled  for  fear  of  Shay^ 
iegK 

There  ftill  remained  two  of  Timor's  pofterity,  jibA'lMa*  Ab&'I 
h&n  Mtrza  and  Ghtl  Mtrza.  ThWe  princes  jdned  thcmfelves  MShai^,; 
with  DhuHNun  ArgAn^  prince  of  Kandahar  \  who,  marching 
^^nft  the  Uzbeks y  in  fupport  of  their  right  to  the  empire  of 
7tm4r,  carried  them  along  with  him :  but  he  was  flain  in 
battle ;  and  the  two  princes  bring  taken,  and  put  to  death, 
an  end  was  thus  given  to  the  empire  of  Time's  defcendants  in 
Khoraffin,  after  they  had  reigned  there  for  the  fpace  of  four- 
fcore  years  K 

BOOK     VIL 

755itf  H0ory  of  the  Shdhs  reigning  in  Perfia. 

INTRODUCTIOR 
Of  the  Sofian  Family^  and  Origin  of  the  Sbdbs. 

THE  foundd*  of  this  dynafty  m^erfia  was  Ifinael^  fur-  family  of 
named  SAfi^  lor  5g^;  of  whofe  family,  ordefcent,  itlfmael. 
will  be  proper  to  give  fome  previous  account.  The 
father  of  this  remarkable  perfon  was  Sheykh  Hayder^  ovHaydr^ 
the  fon  of  Soltan  Juneyd^  the  fon  of  Sheykh  IbrdMtn,  the  fon  of 
Sheykh  An  (A),  the  ton  of  Sheykh  M4/a,  or  M^ffa  (B),  the 
foa  of  Sheykh  Sefi  (C),  who  was  the  thirteenth  dcfcendant  m 

^  Tbxeira,  p.  321.    D'HiRB.p.  464.       *  Al  Jannabi  ap. 
Poc.  Supp.  ad  hid.  dynaft,  p.  57.  *  Ibid. 

(A)  He  is  called  alfo  ^0-        (6)  Named  alfo  Shadrg^ddln. 
IK  web  or  Kbojeb  Alt.  (C)  hXioSafio'ddin. 

Mod.  Hi^t.  Vol.  V.  D  d  a  righ^ 


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4t8  Hiftory  ef  the  Shdhi  Tinning  in  Perfiir; 

Imtrodue"  a  right  male  line  from  AH  (D),  the  fon-in-law  of  the  prophet 
^if»»     Mohammed ;  if  the  Perjians  may  be  believed,  who  have  the 
^— v**^i;reateft  veneratioft  for  this  family  (E). 

Sbqkb  When  Ttmur  Beg,  or  Tamerlane  returned  into  Perjtay  after 

San.  the  viftor)'  obtained  over  Ilderim  Biyezid,  he  carried  wtli  him 

a  maltitnde  of  people  out  of  Karamama,  and  other  parts  of 
Jnatolia^  all  whom  he  Intended  to  put  to  death  on  fome  re- 
markable occafion ;  and»  with  this  refdution,  he  entered  Ar» 
devt/f  or  ArdeMl,  a  city  of  Azeriejdny  about  twenty-five  mile$ 
to  the  eafl  of  Tabriz j  or  Taurts,  where  he  continued  for  fomc 
days.  At  this  time  there  dwelt  in  that  city  a  peribn- named 
Shcykh  S^^  or  Sefi  (F),  reputed  by  the  inhabitants  a  faint, 
and,  as  fuch,  much  reverenced  by  them*  The  fame  of  Safi*$ 
holy  Kfe  and  virtue  moved  Tim^  to  covet  his  friendfhip ;  and» 
vith  that  defign,  he  vifited  him  often  in  perfon.  When  he  wa» 
'  about  to  depart  ftom  Atdevtl^  he  wfcnt  to  take  leave  of  the 
ftieykh ;  artd»  as  a  token  ol'  his  efteem,  o£^ed  to  grant  him 
whate%'cr  favour  ho  (hould  alk. 
J  jrhrhus  S  H  E  T  K  H  S^,  who  had  been  informed  of  the  conqueror's 
^iihn,  defign  to  put  the  captives  to  death,  layii^  hold  of  this  occa- 
iion»  made  it  his  requeft  that  he  would  fpare  the  lives  c£  thofc 
unfortunate  men.  Timir,  dtHiom  to  oblige  him,  not  only 
granted  their  lives,  but  delivered  them  up  to  him,  to  difpofe 
df  as  he  thought  fit.  The  (heykh,  when  he  had.  them  in  his 
pofleffion,  made  the  beft  provifion  of  clothes,  and  other  ne- 
teflMes,  that  he  was  able,  and  then  dilinifled  them,  to  return 
into  their  refpeftive  countries.  This  great  inftance  of  univer- 
fal  benevolence  fo  far  gained  the  hearts  erf  thofe  people,  and 
their  compatriots,  that,  in  token  of  gratitude,  they  repaired  ia 
gt«it  numbers  to  fee  Safi,  bringing  him  prefents ;  and  this  fo 
frequently,  that  few  days  pafled  on  which  he  was  not  viiited 
by  tnany  ». 
Soltan}}!'  Nor  did  this  refpeft  ceafc  with  the  life  of  thdc  who  had 
iteyd.  received  it  froiri  him  :  but  thek  pofterity  contknied  h>  Jwiy  the 
.  lame  acknowlegement  to  the  race  of  Sajt,  till  the  days  of  Sol- 

*     •  *  Texeira,  c.  48.  p.  357.    D^HsRBSL^  p.  503.  tt-t^iraail 
SchaK 

(D)  By  the  branch  of  Hu/-  fior  Sec.  tome  ii.  p.  2^7.    W« 
fiyfty  fecond  ion  of  J/i ;  which  make  ufe  of  the  Paris  qmtt9 
ts  that  of  the  twelve  imims,  ac-  edition,  in  three  volumes. 
cording  to  the  Per/tans,  D'Herh,         (Fj  ^afi^  or  Sefy  Signifies  eho* 
art.  Eaidar.  fen :  and  hence  Mufiafa  h  de- 

(E)  See,  on  this  occafion,  Sir  rived.  Some  call  it,  from  heac^ 
John  Char  din  %  voyages  to  Ptr-  the  ^afevi  race,  or  famity. 

tan 


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tiiftofy  €f  tie  SiMs^  itc,  419 

Ian  )un^{G\  hi$  third  g^randfon  ;  wholired  In  the  days  of  IntKoduc- 
j€han  Shah^  thtt  foa  of  Kara  Tifef,  third  prince  of  the  Kara      tion, 
Koyunhi  dynafty.     This  prince,  growing  jealous  of  the  great  ^'— S**-**^ 
ilathority  which  Juneyd  was  arrived  at,  by  the  vaft  nuqiber  of 
fuch  atttndaats,  both  horfe  and  foot,  who  continually  waited 
on  hiin,  oardertd  hiih  not  to  receive  the  vifits  df  fuch  multi- 
tudes oi  people.     Juneyd  refented  this  ipjun^ion  heinouHy ; 
and,  to  ivoid  a  fecond  more  di£igreeable  mefl^ge,  went  away, 
with' his  devotees  from  Ardehil  to  Dtydrhkr  .-where  Uzun  HajT, 
fan  Begi  who  then  reign<^  there,  received  him  very  kindly^: 
and  gave  him  to  wife  his  f^t.Ka^ja  KatAnt  who  bore  hjm  ^ 
fon  named  Hayder^  or  Haydr 

JUNEYD  was  very  ferviceable  to  Vzun  tfajfan  for  feveral  Con'juert 
years,  particularly  in  m$  ihcurfion  into  Gurjeftan,  ^Vhich  he  Shirwail* 
frequently  made  under  pretence  of  religion  \  compelling  thofe 
whom  he  made  p^fouers  to  embrace  it.     At  length,  enteriiig 
the  kingdom  of  Trabizond,   and  killing  the  kmg,  he  fbnle 
years  met  placed  his  fon  /fayJr  on  the  throne,  who  held  It       i 
^fter  his  father's  death.'    ^whifyrf,  having  enriched  himfelf  with 
the  plunder  which  he  had  taken,  in  his  feveral  expedition^,  fi-om' 
the  Geergidns  and  Armenians,  Went  aiid  {ettkd  in  the  piovince 
of  Shirw^i     But  his  great  wealth,  added  to  the  number  o^ 
his  adherents,  with  whom  he  was  fortified  on  all  fides,  gave 
the  people  of  the  country  fo  great  a  diftruft,  that  they  formed 
a  confpifacy  againil  him,  in  which  he  pferiftied;  with  moft  of 
his  followds  *.     ' 

After  Uzun  Uajfan,  had  flaln  Jehan  SMh,  and  pofCeSkd  ^heykh 
himfelf  pf .  his  dominions,    Haydr  (H)  removed  to  JrdeUl ;.  Haydr* 
where  he  married  Almfbah  (I),  the  daughter  df  tiajfan,  his 
own  coufirl*^rman,  by  whom  he  had  AH  Patjha/)^  ai{d  Ifinae!^-^ 
who  was  born  in  the  year  892.     1* he  ncjtt  year  Haffan  gave  Hej.  89I* 
Haydr^  foifte  forces  to  make  war  on  Ferokz^d^  or  Fdrfokvdzari     A.  D. 
king  of  SMrwdn,  who  had  killed  Juneyd  fn  battle,  by  the     H^^* 

*  TtxEiRA,  p.  33».    D'tiBitB.  p.  4d6.  art  CJiutocid.    . 

(G)  Called  alfo  Abul  Kafem  MaHha;  tttid  that  Vxa^  ffa/pifi 

ml  Ka^aqni,  had  hir  by  Dc/pha^  daughter  of 

(H)  Hayder,  Or  Hay Jr,  is  one  Kalo  JoartrkSy  emperor  of  7r^- 

Of  ^z  Aral  names  lot  a  lion,  bi^ond.  Who  gave  her  to  him  for 

and  one  of  the  furriames  Or  titles  a  wife,  as  iS  hereafter  related^ 

of  Alt  \  who  is  alfo  called  AJfad  Vol. VI. p. 1 1 3.  Kampfer y^yxion^ 

AlUzh^  or  the  lion  of  God.  Hencd  others,  fays,  that  her  name  was 

the  name  of  Haydr  is  freqtiently  Martha ;  bat  mentions  not  hts 

found  among  his  defdendants.  authority.     AmisnhaUs  ixotic/tt 

(I)  The  Chriftian  travellers  p.  9. 


and  hiHorians  fay  her  name  was 


0  d  a  aitiAance 

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Slmn  in 
hattU. 


HifioTj  0f  the  Sbdbs  reigning  mPerfia.  B.VIL 

aflUlancc  of  TiUlb  Beg^  the  TurkmAi's  general :  but,  in  at- 
tempting to  revenge  his  Cstber's  death/  he  loft  his  life ;  and  oc- 
cafioned  the  deftruifkion  of  aimoft  the  whole  S^an  hmAj  (K), 
which  was  very  nnmeroas.  AH  his  fons  were  killed,  ez^ptii^ 
Tar  AK  and  Ifmael^  who  were  taken*  M  was  aftarwards  pat 
to  death  by  Roftam  Beg^  as  elsewhere  is  rdatedc  ^  and  Jfmad, 
being  fet  at  liberty,  Acd  to  GhilAn^  or  Khilan, .  where  he  con- 
dnued  fix  years  under  the  proteAbn  of  the  king  (L),  -who 
was  a  friend  to  Ms  father  Sl^kh  Haydr^  :  after  whkh,  leav^ 
hig  that  country  and  his  benefaftor/  he  b^;an  to  appear  in 
the  world  on  the  following  occafion. 


r.  Uah 
Ifmael 


C  H  A  P.    L 

the  Reign  $f  Shah  Ifmad  Sofi. 

THERE  was  at  this  time,  amon^  the  Mohammeiani^  am 
infinite  number  of  people  difperfed  over  Afia^  who  pub- 
licly profefled  the  feft  of  All  \  and  among  theife,  a  particular 
party  who  followed  that  of  Haydr^  which  Shcykh  Safi^  one 
of  his  anceftorsi  had  brought  into  great  reputatic^'.  IJmael^ 
who  bad  afiumed  the  fumame  of  Sofi  (A),  finding  Perfia  was 

aU 

•  ^ce  Vol.  VI.  p.  1 15.  ^  Texbira,  p.  359. 

D'HSRB.  p.  421.  art.  Haidar;  &  Pocock  Suppl.  p.  63. 


(K)  Haydr  was  called  alfo  Al 
Sufi,  and  Sheykh  SH/tjat :  hence 
bisdefcendants,who  afiumedthe 
name  of  S$^^  were  called  Si/i- 
jat  and  Haydar^at,  that  is,  Su- 
Jum  and  Hafdarum*  The  Per* 
fians  fay  Huyd^r  iaveptcd  a  new 
covering  for  the  head,  of  a  red 
colour,  with  twelve  plaits  round 
a  cap,  which  he  ordered  his  fol- 
Ipwers  to  wear^  This  is .  what 
is  called  in  Perfia  the  Taj,  or 
Haydarian  crown  j  on  which  ac- 
count  the  Perfians  'arc  called 
Kixilhdjh,  or  Red-heads,  See 
tyHerh.  bibl.  orieiit.  art.  Hay- 
dar,  &  Pocock  Suppl.  hid.  dy- 
naft.  p.  63.  fibwevcr,  Mrkond 
iays,  I/mael  inllituted  the  Tdjy 
after  he  had  taken  kauris  from 
A/wand  in  907  of  the  Hejrah, 
acQOCjling  both  to  Texsira  and 


D'Herhelot,  in  die  life  of  Jj/matk 
by  which  may  be  underftood, 
that  he  brought  it  more  gene- 
rally in  ttfe  among  all  his  fob- 
jcfts. 

mOkariujcalhhkaPifKid' 
iiM,.lxi.  p.  345« 

(A)  Sofi  fignines  properly,  in 
Arahicy  a  man  cloathed  in  lAiooUn, 
from  5^,  or  Suf,  which  figni- 
4^s  fwool.  But  there  is  more 
reafon  to  believe  that  the  word 
C^oies  from  the  Greek  Sofoi  :  for 
the  Mufultnans  denote  bv  it  a  fage* 
or  philofopher,  who  Uvea  fcpa- 
rate  and  retired  from  the  world, 
by  a  kind  of  religious  profeffion. 
5^,  therefore,  fignifies  a  reli* 
gious  Mohammedan,  who  is  called 
alfo  DSfr<viJh,  or  Dar^vJJh^  both 
in  Turkifi}  and  Perfian  ;  and,  in 
Arabic^  Fakir,  Shah  I/mae/f  firom 

hU 


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C*  i.^  xl  Sbib  Ifmaei  Sofi.  .     42« 

all  in  confufion,  with  the  troubles  occafioned  by  thofe  of  the     A.  D. 
^  KoyunU  family ;  aiid  hearing  that  there  was  a  great  nmn-     »49^- 
ber  of  the  Hayderian  feft  in  Karamanioj  a  province  of  Jnafo-  ^— -v^ 
/m,  removed  thither.     There,  havii^  gathered  7000  of  that  ^«^^«« 
party  {B),  all  devoted  to  his  family,  in  906,  when  he  was  Shirwan, 
but  ibur teen  years  of  age,  he  invaded  ShtrwAn*,  and  engage-  Hcj.  906. 
ing  Ferokzad,  whom  he  confidered  as  his  father's  murderer,     A.  D. 
with  that  handful  of  men,  overthrew,  killed,  and  became  ma-     ^J?^' 
ftcr  of  his  kingdom  (C).    Next  year,  marching  from  Nakh-  ^efin  ^^* 
Jbivan  vnth  his  army  to  Tauris,  where  Alwand  relided,  that     •*    * 
prince  abandoned  the  country,  and  fled. 

After  this,  Ifmaei  went  to  Arzenjan^  and  marched  his  alfi  Pcr- 
army  iilto  the  kingdom  of  Zulkader  (D) :  but  had  no  fooner  fi^  Irak, 
turned  his  back,  than  Jhvand  returned  to  Tauris ;  to  the  re- 
lief whereof  Ifinael  hafting,  the  other  fled  to  Bdghddd,  and 
thence  to  Diyarbekr^  where  he  died  two  years  after,  that  is, 
in  908.    Ifmaei  ftaid  at  Tauris,  but  fent  his  forces  into  Perfta,  Hej.  9#8. 
againft  MorM  Beg^  the  remaining  Turkman  prince ;  who,  be-     A.  D. 
ing  defeated,  with  the  lofs  of  1 0,000  men,  next  year  aban-     *S^*- 
doned  to  him  PArs  and  Kerm^n.     After  this,  Ifmaei  went   to 
pafs  the  winter  at  Kom^  in  Perjian  Irdk  ;  and  from  thence  fent 
Elias  Beg  with  an  army  againft  the  city  of  Ray,  or  Key,  for-, 
merly  its  capital :  but  Hujeyn  Beg  Jelohi,  who  lay  in  the  way 
to  meet  him,  coming  to  a  battfe,  defeated  and  lolled  him. 
Ifinael,  on  the  news  of  this  overthrow,  fet  out  immediately  in  > 
queft  of  Hujfeyn,  who  thereupon  retired  to  the  ftrong  fortrefs 
of  Fir^zMh,    This  place  the  fliah  befieged ;  and,  by  cutting 
oflf  the  water,  which  was  conveyed  from  without  by  aque- 
dufts,  obliged  the  enemy  to  furrender  within  the  fpace  of  one 
months  • 

This  wv  being  over,  in  which,  tho'  it  lafted  fo  (hort  a  Conquerf 
while,  above  30,000  men  periflied,  Ifmaei  fet  out  for  Khoraf-  Pars, 
fan.     But  he  had  not  advanced  far,  when  Reyjh  Mohammed 
Karrahi^  with  fome  forces,  poflefleihimfelf  cd  Tazd  in  Pdrs. 

his  anceflors,  took  the  appeUa-  fot/Uf  Rowhu,  Zulkaderlu,  Jnuh^ 

tion   of  Sofi\  whence  many  of  Jhahr,  Ki^ar,    Suftyah,  Kany* 

OUT  hiftorians  and  travellers  call  alak,  and  many  others, 
the  kings  of  Per/ia  in  geneirai        (C)  According  to  the  PerfioM 

the  Sofi,^  or  Great  Sofi.  D^Herb.  hiftorians,  after  he  had  fobdfued 

art.  So£,  p.  816.     The  Turks,  Jzerhejdn  Sind  Armenia,  ht  mzddi 

in   enmity  and  contempt,  call  wslt  on  tht  Georgiansf  whom  he 

him  Sbeyih   Ogli,    the  Sheykb's  obliged  to  pay  tribnte.    Gford. 

J*n.  voy.  en  Pcrfc.  tomei.  p.  125. 

(B)  Thefe,  according  to  TV-        (D)  Or  Dhulgdder  and  Alae^ 

xeirat  extra^,  were  the  tribes  deukt,  in  AfiaMitfri  *tis  part 

Qi  Ejiayalu,  Shambu^  Takali^  Ver*  of  Kappadocid  and  CiU<ia. 

D  d  3  IfmaH 

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Uijiory  of  the  Skdbs  reigning  in  Pcrfia.    R  YIL 

^mael  turaed  back  upon  him  ;  and,  after  a  brave  defence,  tooi; 
both  the  city  and  Karrahi,  whom  he  caufcd  to  be  burnt  afivc. 
*  This  happened  in  the  year  911;  after  which,  Ifmady  marching 
to  Shimz,  ordered  by  proclamation,  that  every  man,  who  had 
been  in  the  war  againft  his  father  Haydr^  (houid  be  put  to 
d^th :  on  which  occafion,  between  30  and  40,000  pcrfona 
perifhed  (*).     In  914,  while  he  wintered  at  Turon^  Soltan  Huf- 
fcyn  Alirza,  king  of  Khorajfan^  died;  and  Shaybek  Kkm^  tho 
Uzbek,  m^dc  himfelf  mafter  of  his  dominions,  driving  oat  bis 
fon  B^i  Azzaman^  who  fled  to  Irak  for  prot^ion. 
Baghdad,      IS  MAE  L,  after  this,  marched  his  army  into  the  country 
#/;^lrak.  of  RAmfft&n^  or  the  Turks  (E) ;  and,  ha^ng  given  the  govern- 
JJcj.  916.  ^^^^  of  Diydrbekr  to  Mohammed  Kk4n  Efiayalu,  in  916  (F) 
ji,  D.     advanced  to  BdghddJ,  where  Baribeg  commanded;  who,  on 
^510.     his  approach,  left  the  city,  and  fl^ed  along  with  MorM  Beg, 
the  iaft  of  the  Ak  Koyunli  Turkmdn^,  into  Jnatolia,  as  elfewhere 
related  *.     Thus  that  capital  of  Jrahian   Irdh  fell  into  the 
hands  of  Ifmael,  altho'  he  loft  a  great  number  of  men  in  pair- 
ing the  Tigris  (G).     Hence  turning  towards  the  province  of 
KhAzeJlan^  he  took  the  city  of  Shujlery  which  is  the  capital ; 
sind,  altho*  it  was  the  depth  of  winter,  he  afterwards  marched 
his  forces  into  Skirw^n,  where  he  reduced  the  cities  of  Baii 
wdDdrbend  (H), 
pFfeaU         At  lengthy  in  the  year  917,  he  marched  into  Khoraffiin, 
Sihaybek.  againft  Shaybek  Soltan  Khtin,  who,  after  the  death  cf  Soltan 
}rkj-  9^7-  Hujfeyn,  fon  oi Baykdra,  grandfon  of  Ttm6ry  had  feiz^on  that 
A.  D.   .province.     On  his  approach,  the  Uzbek  retired  to  Maru,  or 
'5*'-     Marmo:  but,  being  at  Iaft   provoked  to  come  to  a  batde, 
he  therein  loft  it,  with  his  life ;  the  confequence  of  which 
was,   the  pofleflion  of  Khorajfdn  and  Maviara^lndhr^     Two 
years  after  was  born  his  fon  Tahm&fp.  (or  Thamas)  ;  and,  in 
Hei  020.9^^'  Selimh  foltan  of  the  Turks,  went  and  attacked  Arzen^ 
A,  D,   M^  o^  the  Euphrates,     I/mael,  who  was  then  at  IJpiJjdn,  the 
1514.    capital  of  Per/tan  Irak,  to  ftop  the  progrefs  of  the  Othm&ns, 
fet  forward  with  his  forces  ;  and  was  met  by  Selim  in  the  plains 

*  Vol.  VI.  p.  117. 

(*)Unjaftand  bloody  monfter,        (G)  According  to  7>x/^^  h^ 

^jjlike  his  anceftorSheykh  Sefi!  loft  1 2,000  horfe,  outof  i6/xx), 

(E)  Becaufethe  jfwr^/arenow  in  fwimming  over  the  river  i 
]K>£Vired  of  the  country  of  the  and,  with  the  reniaioing  4000, 
Romans,  or  ^cw^  empire,  which  took  the  city.  Hift.  Per?,  parti. 
Jii^efidn'dgniiiQS.  ch.  2i.p.  85. 

(F)  jDW^r^^/t?/,  in  the  article        (H)  Both  frtuate  on  the ihorc 
Baghdad,  fays  it  was  taken  in  of  the  Cafpian  fea;  the  Mis 
15:08,  which  is  tjAp  }'€vs  fear-  qommonly  written  2>^W. 
licr. 


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C.  I.  !•  Siai  IfinicI  Sofi*  423 

of  Chalderon  (I)  (near  iToy):    where  .^/^w^wf  Wag  defeated,    A.  I>. 
with  the  lofs  oi  5000  men,  retired  to  Tauris,  and  theqce  to     i5H* 
Kajbin.    Se&m,  purfuk^iis  good  fortune,  made  himfdf  ma-  ^^^■'^r*^ 
ftcr  of  T^MW ;  where  havii^  ftaid  a  fortnight,  he  returned  to  P^f^^^r 
u^mafia  in  AnatoHa.    This  year  the  Kmlbijb  flew  iJferA/  -ff^^  ^ySeliml. 
in  DiydrMr,  and  brought  his  head  to  Shah  ^»w/.    Next  Tauris 
year  Se/im  took  the  important  fortrefs  of  K^mdi  (K)  :  he  like-     a.  D. 
wife  fubdued  the  country  of  AlUedsulet  and  Zulkider^  with     1515.* 
the  territories  of  ^^1?/,  or  Aleppo^  in  .5/rz^.     In  pzz  the  folt.    A.  D. 
tan  poflefled  himfclf  of  Diy^rbekriJJ) ;  after  which,  thinking     iji^. 
the  conqueft  of  Egypt  of  more  importance  than  that  of  Ptr^  ^Jl  Bi- 
Jia^  he  turned  his  arms  on  that  fide  next  year,  and  left  J^nady^^^^* 
in  quiet :  who,  from  the  time  of  his  defeat,  never  undertook 
any  thing  of  confequence  till  his  death,  which  happened  in 
930  (M) ;  after  he  had  lived  thirty-eight  years,  aid  reigned  Hej.  9305 
twenty-four,  reckoning  from  the  defeat  of  F^rokzid,  king  q£    ^'  B« 
Shirwdn.  >    'S^S- 

This  prince  was -endowed  with  an  unparalleled  courage,  Ifroacrx 
and  intrepid  in  the  greateft  dangers :  terrible  to  hie  enemies,  cbaraffer. 
and  a  fevere  exafter  of  military  difcipline.    Rather  har(h  and    ' 
cruel,  than  mild  of  difpofition.    Ambitious  to  fucfa  excefs, 
that  he  ufed  often  to  fay,  As  there  is  but  ojie  God  in  heaven^ 
Jb  there  might  to  be  but  one  king  on  earth.     As  he  took  tht  Greatly  re* 
name  of  So/i,  or  Religious  (N),  fo  he  was  exceedingly  ho- 'verenced. 
noured  by  his  fubjefts,  whofe  enthufiafin  or  frenfy  made  them 
chink  him  fometMng  more  than  man :  nay,  his  fbldiers  would 
have  afcribed  to  him  fome  fort  of  divinity ;  but,  as  haughty 
as  he  was,  he  always  rejeSed  it  (O),  of  which  he  once  gave  a 
Signal  inftance :  for,  after  gaining  an  important  viftory,  when 
fome  falut^  hini  by  the  title  of  prophet,  otKfersof  angel,  and. 

{I)  D^Herbelothz^  Gialderan,  reUtestheftorypf  the  pit,brinfl;- 

(thiat  is  Jalcleran)i   which,  fays  ing  it  in  very  incoherently,     la 

be,  our  authors  n^me  CW<^r0ff.  which  he  feems  to  be  lefs  iin« 

(K)  Oil  the  weft  fide  of  the  cere  than  Texeira:  who,  being  a 

^«^>&r«/^/,twenty- one  miles  fouth  Romamjl^  would  doubtlefs  have 

of  Arxenjdny  or  Ar%engdn.  been  as  willing  as  the  other  to 

(L)  For  the  particulars  of  this  have  told  J/marrs  impiety,  had 

conqueft,  fee  the  reign  of  Seliml,  he  feen  any  foundation  for  it  ii^ 

in  the  Othmdn  hiftory.  his  author. 

(M)  According  to  Olearius,  he  .       (O)  Oleanus  fays,  that  he  wa« 

died  at  Kdjbin,  and  was  buried  reputed  to  have  been  a  great 

Sit  ArdebiL  /  obferverof  juftice;  butto  have 

(N)  D'Herbelot  fays,  he  afFe6l-  made  no  difHculty  to  drink  wine, 

cd  to  be  thought  a  prophet,  and  and  eat  fwines-fleih  :   nay,  that, 

even  divine ;  Teemingly  withde-  in  deriiion   of  the  furkifl?  reli- 

fign  to  throw  an  odium  on  him  gibn,  he  kept  a  hog  in  his  court, 

on  account  of  his  religion :  yet  which  he  named  BdjcKfd, 

D  d  4  ot];Lers 

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Hi/l^0f  the  Shdbs  reigning  in  Paik.   B-VIL 

others  of  God/ finding  he  ^vas  not  abk  to  difliuRle  them  hoik 
paying  him  fuch  impious  homage,  he  commanded  a  fMt  of 
^  great  depth  and  extent  to  be  dug ;  and,  throwii^  odc  of  his 
flioes  into  it,  ordered  the  man  who  lo¥ed  him  bed  to  go 
fetch  it  out.  No  fooner  was  tlie  word  fpoken,  than  km 
thou&nds,  to  (hew  thdr  zeal,  leaped  in ;  and,  the  moment 
they  were  down,  all  the  earth  which  had  been  dug  out  rfit, 
was  thrown  upon  them,  thus  chaftifing  their  impious  folly  by 
burying^  them  alive. 
flisfinr.  IS  MAE  L  had  fourfons;  Shih  TabmSJP,  ^kas  or  Elias 
flfirxahf  Sam  Mirza^  and  Bahrdm  MirTui  **.  The  European 
biftorians  g^ve  a  moft  coofufed  and  erroneous  account  (P)  of 
the  original  of  the  femily  and  empire  of  the  fhahs.  Whit 
they  have  written  concerning  Ifmael,  and  his  fucceflbrs,  taken 
from  the  travellers,  is  no  lels  inoorreft  and  imperfect;  thft 
lattq-  having  only  related  what  they  had  obferved  themfelves 
durii^  their  travels,  or  received  from  ihc  natives,  without  con- 
ftlting  the  Perfian  authors,  at  leaft  fufficiently  for  the  por- 
pofe,  altho'  fome  of  them  (Q^)  might  have  been  capable  of 
t>ifeM  of  dding  it.  Olearius  has  ^ven  us  a  brief  account  of  the  fhahs, 
uuibors.  kom  thdr  (Mriginal,  down  to  his  own  time ;  but  it  is  fo  fuper- 
fidai  and  uncertain  with  r^ard  to  all  pf  them,  till  Shah  Abb&s^ 
as  to  be  of  very  litde  fervice  to  us.  Concerning  IfmaeU  h^ 
informs  us,  that,  aftw  he  had  fuhdued  fome  provinces  oiPer- 
fia^  he  marched  into  Turhy^  and  defeated  the  foltin  :  that  af^ 
terwards  he  conquered  Arabian  Ir^^  Kurdejl&n^  Diy^rhAr^ 
and  Armenia^  to  the  Euphrates :  then,  having  fecured  his 
frontiers  againft  the  Turks,  turned  his  arms  eaftw^d,  and 
took  Kandahdr,  \rith  the  adjoining  province,  from  the  king  of 
the  Indies :  that,  after  this,  he  went  to  Kafwin  (or  Kafbiri) 
to  be  crowned  :  but,  without  ftajong  longer  than  the  cere- 
mony required,  proceeded  te  Georgia ;  and,  haviqg  defeated 
the  king,  called  Simon  P$SJhAh^  obliged  him  to  pay  yearly 
loo  bales  of  filk,  by  way  of  tribute. 

^  T^xczRA,  D'Hf  RBXLOT,  &  Pqcock,  ubi  fupra. 

fP)  Sce5;^rr«iRerumPcr-         (QJi   As  Delia  Vmlle,  Her- 

iicarum  Hiftoria  j  the  editor  of  for/,  Olearius,  Tkevewot,  Taver- 

^i^/£w/fy$latc  revolution  in  iP^r-  nitr,  Chardin^  Kampfer,   ^6.i 

^    J^a^  &^c.  '  few  more.         •      t 


<?  H  A  P, 

Digitized  byCjOOQlC 


<p,i;  jt.  Sidb  Tahmafp.  425 

C  H  A  P.    IL 
Tie  Reigns  of  Tahmafp  L  and  IfmacI  IL 

7"AHMASP  (A),  the  eldicft  fon  of  IJmael,  fucceeded  his  «•  ^^ 
father.     He  had  feveral  wars  in  Khoraffan  againft  the  Uz-  Tahmafp. 
beks  ;  who,  having  feized  Karazm  and  Great  Bukhdriay  which 
bound  Perfia  on  the  north,  became  very  troublefome  neigh- 
bours :  but  that  which  he  carried  on  againft  Soleyman  *,  the 
Othman  emperor,  was  more  confiderable.     Soleym^n^  having 
advanced  with  his  forces  to  attack  him  in  941,  at  fuch  time  as  Hq.  94i, 
he  had  another  war  upon  his  hands  in  Khoraffan^  he  was  ob-    A.  P, 
Hged  to  return  with^is  army  to  oppofe  the  Turks  :  however,     iS43- 
he  avoided  coming  to  a  battle,  on  account  of  the  great  artillery 
which  Soleymdn  had  brought  along  with  him.     The  foltan, 
having  entered  Perfia,  laid  fiege  to  Tauris,  and  took  it;  but 
afterwards,  without  penetrating  farther  into  the  country,  with- 
drew, and  retired  to  Kdra  Amid  (or  Diydrbekr). 

As  foon  as  ShJh  Tahm&J^  was  informed  of  tWs,  he  attacked  Aaions 
his  dundar,  or  rear-guard,  confifting  of  17,000  men,  which  ^^^^^ 
had  been  left,  according  to  the  cuftom  of  the  Turks,  to  pre- 
tent  their  being  furprifed.  In  eifeft,  he  defeated  this  body 
of  troops,  and  retook  Tauris  :  but,  Soleymdn  having  marched 
back  upon  this  neWs,  the  (hlh  fled  before  him,  and  ruined  his 
own  country,  to  avoid  being  purfued  •*. 

TAHMASP  began  his  reign  in  the  year  930 ;  and  died  in 
983,  after  he  had  reigned  fifty-three  (B).     He  was  poifoned  ^^-  9^1* 
by  one  of  his  wives,  the  mother  of  prince  Haydr,  out  .of  an    ^'  ^* 
eager  defire  to  fet  him  on  the  throne  after  his  father *s  death  :     '575* 
but  hejdefign  was  frufbrated  by  his  fifter,  who  bribed  one  of 
the  officers  belonging  to  the  treafury  to  kill  him,  when  he 
went  to  inquire  what  money  his  father  had  left  behind  him  *=. 

He  had  two  fons  more,  Ifmael  and  Mohammed,  who  both 
reigned  after  him, 

>  ^ee,  in  a  fubfequent  yol.  the  hiflory  of  So^ymin.       ^  Turkiih 
Annals  ap.  b*Hcrbelot,  p.  1016.  art.  Thahamafb.  ^  £bn 

VusEF.  ap.  Poco^.  Suppl.  ad  Hift.  Synafl.  p.  65. 

(A)  The  Pef^ims  vnittTalfr  nth  May  1576,  in  the  fixty- 

m^/p,  andttie  Jrahs  Tahmdjb  \  eighth  year  of  his  age,  and  forty- 

which  is  corruptly  named  l^a-  fe^oi^d  of  his  reign,   which  is 

9f^9  and  Ti6i»smi/,  in  the  Euro-'  eleven  years  Ihort.   MinadoizS^o 

ji^ir  authors.  fays,  he  died  the  nth  of  May 

*    (B)    Olearius  fays,   he   died  1576. 

This 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Hijlory  of^  tbi  Sbdifs  reigning  in  Perfia.     B.  VIL 

This  is  all  the  accQijnt,  relating  to  Shah  TahmAJp,  which 
has  been  tranfmitted  to  «s  from  the  oriental  authcffs  (C). 
'  Olearius  fays,  that  Soltan  foUyradn,  taking  advantage  of  the 
^aJeJhj  weaknefs  of  Shah  Tahm&J},  who  did  not  inherit  the  virtues 
^^y*       and  great  endowments  of  his  father  Jfmael^  recovered  from  the 
"**"'         PerfianSy  by  his  generals,  all  which  they  had  taken  frc«n  th6 
TurkSi  excepting  Baghdid  and  WAn :  that,  two  years  after, 
he  entered  Perfia  in  perfon,  took  Tauris,  and  befi^ed  Solti- 
ntyah ;  while  Tahm£jJ>^  who  was  at  Kafwtn^  had  pot  courage, 
enough  to  attempt  raifmg  the  fiege,  which  yet,  by  accident, 
was  effefted :  for,  in  March,  fome  few  days  before  their  New- 
r^Zf  or  new*year's  day,   there  fell  fuch  abundance  of  rain, 
accompanied  with  a  violent  ftcMrm,  and  the  fhow  of  the  ndgh- 
bouring  mountains  diUblving  at  the  fame  time,  all  the  valleys 
were  overflowed,  and  the  OthmAn  camp  greatly  incommoded 
nubc  re-     thereby.     This  fuddeil  inundation,  joined  to  the  colour  of  the 
triAts.       vater  (which,  probably,  from  the  nature  of  the  ground  thro* 
which  it  pafled,  was  reddifti),  fo  frighted  Soleymdn,  that  he 
forthwith  broke  up  his  camp,  and  returned  home.     In  his  re- 
treat,  he  deftroyed  all  before  him :   but,  being  engaged  by 
the  Perfians  near  Bstlis^  or  Bedlisy  was  abfolutely  defeated. 

According  to  the  fame  author,  the  Perftans  fpoke  flighdy 
both  of  his  conduft  and  valour  (D).  They  charge  him  with 
neglefting  to  adminifter  juftice  to  his  fubjefts,  and  leaving 
»  the  whole  management  of  affairs  to  his  minifters.  They  blame 
him  for  giving  proteftion  to  HumayHriy  fon  of  Soltan  Bahr^ 
the  Mogol  of  Indiiji^  (E),  who  was  driven  out  of  his  king- 
dom ;  nor  would  deliver  him  up,  when  demanded  by  the 
ufurper.  But,  in  this,  he  did  rather  a  commendable  thaQs 
blam^able  aft  ion**.    , 

^  Olearivs's  Travds,  1.  6.  p.  34^. 

(C)  L^Herhelot  feems  to  have    foccefs.    Voy,  en  Perfc,  torn.  L 
taken  the  whole  article  of  Jha-    p.  1 25. 

mr^Jlf    from    Gaudnri    tranfla-  (E)  Olearius  makes  fad  work 

tion  of  the  furkijb  annals,   and  here,  faying,  he  was  the  fon  of 

Dr.  PococFs  fupplement  to  Abu  h  Seitm ;  and  that  he  fied  to  avoid 

faraj.    Several  of  thofe  relating  the  attempts  of  his  uncle  Jfldl- 

to  the  Turkman  dynafties  are  in  §ddin  Akbar  ;    whereas  Jkhar 

like  manner  tranfcribcd  from  Po-  was  his  fon,  from  whom  he  re- 

€i)(k  and  Texeira  ;  yet  he  could  ceivcd  no  injury.  He  was  driven 

Bot  have  been  without  good  ori-  out  by  thcf  ufurper  Sblr  Khon^ 

ginals,ifhe  had  confulted  them,  ^e  Afghan ^  or  Aivg^van,  who 

(D)  Yet  Char  dirty   from  the  was  his  wazir,  and  rcftored  by 
Perftein  hiftorians,  fays,  he  was  the  kelp  of  Tahmdff* 

a  priucc  of  gr<iat  courage  and 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


C.  2»  2.  SMb  Tahmtfp.  427. 

It  has  beca  alneady  mtntioncd  in  the  rcign  of  IJmael,  thai    A,  D. 
Georgia  was  reduced  to  pay  tribute  by  Shah  IfmaeL    That     \i7S* 
country,  befides  the  Ipngdoms  of  Kaket  and  Karthuel  (or  ^^■^•'■^ 
Karduel),  was  then  divided  among  fevcral  feudatory  princes,  ^^'^^'^ 
who  were  continually  at  war  among  themfelves,  which  conr  ^*^^§**> 
tributed  moft  to  the  rijin  of  the  whole.    In  the  time  of  TiA- 
m&fp^  Karduel  (or  the  Eajlern  Georgia)  ^vas  poflefled  by  Lu^ 
arzah  (F) ;  who  left  two  fons,  Simon  and  David;  between 
whom  he  divided  his  dominions  :  but,  as  neither  was  content 
with  his  (hare,  they  went  to  war  together,  and  both  craved^ 
afliflance  erf"  Tahm/ifp.    The  youngeft  happening  to  apply  iirft,  and  its 
TahmSjp  anfwered,  that  he  would  ^ive  him  all.  his  father's  ter-  princes. 
ritories,  provided  he  would  turn  Mohammedan.     David  con- 
fents ;  and  joins  the  Perfian  army,  confifting  of  30,000  horfc, 
which  had  already  entered  the  country.     P'rom  thence  he  is 
fent  to  Kajh\n ';  and,  as  foon  as  Tahmufp  has  him  in  his  power, 
he  makes  the  fame  ofier  to  Simon ;  who,  finding  himfelf  prefled 
by  thcPerJian  arms,  furrendcrs  himfelf,  but  without  renounce- 
ing  his  faith.     The  (hah,  being  now  mailer  both  of  the  princes 
and  their  country,  fends  the  elder  prifoner  to  Jenghh  (G),  near 
the  Cajpian  fea;  and  makes  the  other  governor  of  Georgia^ 
changing  his  name  from  David  to  Dawd  KhAn ;  at  the  fame  • 
time  he  made  him  and  the  Georgian  lords  take  an  oath  of 
fidelity,  and  fend  him  their  fons  for  hoftages  **•  , 

S»AH  Tahmafp  had,  by  feveral  wives,  eleven  fons  (H)  and  Haydr 
three  daughters.  Among  the  fons,  there  were  three  >vho  fur-  nfi^rfs.  ^ 
vived  the  reft  ;  Mohammed  (who,  on  account  of  his  weak  fight, 
had  given  up  thoughts  of  governing,  and  embraced  a  devout 
life,  was  calfed  Khoddbandehy  that  is,  fervant  of  God) ^  Ifmael^ 
and  Haydr.  As  TahmA/p  had  a  particular  afFeftion  for  Hay' 
dr,  it  was  his  defign  to  make  him  his  fucceflbr;  and,  for 
that  end,  gave  him  a  (hare  in  the  government  duriilg  his  life.  : 

When  the  ftiah  was  near  his  end,  the  great  lords  fent  to  Mo^' 
hammed,  whofe  right  it  was  by  birth,  to  accept  pf  the  crown  : 

•  Chardin  voy.  cnPcrfe,  tom.i.  p.  I2^.  Olbariui,  p.  345; 
MiN  ADOi  wars  between  Turks  and  Perf,  p.  4. 

(F)  Minadoi^  and,  after  him,  gives  the  names ;  Mahomet^  If'* 
Olearius^  calls  him  LavaJJap,  mail^AyderCanun,ZolymanyEman^ 

(G)  Minadoi  fays,  the  caftle  goly,  Mmmut  Ally yMufiapha,  Ally 
of  Kahaka^  between  Kajbin  and  Caijont  -Amt  ta-wn,  Ebrahymt 
Taurit,  Minad.  wars  between  Hamxe  and  Izena  Caivn.  Herba 
Turks  and  Pcrf.  p.  4.  Trav.  p.  198. 


(H)  Herbert  fays  twelve,  aiy) 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Hijiory  of  the  Sbibs  reigning  in  "Pcr^igu    RVll. 

and,  on  his  refafal,  gave  nodce  to  Ifinael  (I),  who  was  then  a 
prifoner  in  the  caftle  of  Kahak^  where  he  had  been  confined  by 
his  father,  for  having  of  his  own  head  made  incurCons  into^ 
the  Othmin  domimonSy  altho'  he  profefled  the  Turkijb^  and 
hated  ttti  Perjtan  feft.  Mean  time  Haxdr^  who  was  but  feven- 
teen  years  of  age,  impatient  to  get  into  the  throne,  had  the 
prefumption  to  put  the  crown  on  his  head,  and  appear  in  that 
pofhire  before  his  dying  father. 
F«# /#  More  cflfeftually  to  carry  his  point,  during  IfmaeH  abfence, 

**^^*  he  foliated  his  fiflcr  Peria-konkonna,  who  was  older  than  any 
of  her  brothers,  to  make  nfe  of  the  intereft  which  flie  had 
with  the  grandees,  in  his  behalf. 

•  The  princefe  had  already  declared  herfelf  in  favour  of  the 
elder  brother  :  yet,  fearing  Haydr  fhould  proceed  to  vio- 
lences, which  might  prevent  her  fecuring  the  crown  for  ff' 
maelf  if  (he  oppofed  his  pretenfions,  fuSered  him  to  affumc 
the  title  of  Idng ;  and,  as  fuch,  he  was  acknowleged  all  over  the 
palace.  However,  fhe  had  all  the  avenues  fo  wdl  guarded, 
that  it  was  impoffible  for  Haydr^s  friends  to  carry  any  tidings 
6f  it  to  the  dty  :  fo  that  the  young  prince,  beginAng  to  du- 
ftrufl  Us  fifter^s  carriage,  and  apprehending'  their  defign  vas 
to  fiu^ifice  him  to  his  brother's  refentment,  concealed  him&lf 
among  thewomen ;  till  Shamal  (K),  a  Georgian^  his  undc  by  the 
mother's  fide,  difcovercd  him,  and  cut  off  his.head^ 

The  Reign  of  Iftnacl  11. 

V  ^bib      TSMAEL^  being  thus  raifed  to  the  throne  from  a  prifon 

Ifmael  II.  /  (where  he  had  been  confined  for  twenty-five  years)  by  the 

management  of  his  lifter,  to  reward  her  for  the  favour,  put 

her  to  death.    However,  he  did  not  long  furvive  his  parricide ; 

Hcj.  985.  for  he  died  the  13th  of  Ramazan^  in  the  year  985  (A),  aged 

A.  D.    above  fifty.    His  death  was  thought  to  be  procured  by  poifoq 

^577-  *  infufed  in  treacle,  which  he  took  often,  and  in  great  quantity. 

'  Olearius,  ubi  fop.    Herbert  Travels,  p.  198.     Minao. 
p.  6. 

f   (I)  Mnadoiy  p.  i.  fays,  ^ab-  tial  lady,  and  encouraged  him 

niafp  appointed  I/mael  for  his  to  afcend  the  throne ;  yet,  on  bis 

iucceflbr,  who  had  been  impn-  death,  invited  Ifmael,     Herbtrt 

foned  for  the  ficrccncfs  of  his  Trav.  p.  19S,  &  feq, 
courage.  (A)  O/^/mvjpotshis  deatfion 

(K)   Herbert  calls  him  Saba-  the  24th  November  1 577,  whkk 

maJ  Kb&n ;  and  fays,  Hayier  en-  is  near  the  mark(  and  podpOKs 

joyed  the  crown  but  four  days :  that  of  his  filter  to  Mobammti^ 

mX  Peria-konkonna  was  a  mar-  reign. 

Others 


Digitized  by 


Googk 


C.  3.  4*  Sb&b  Mohamiftid<  41 

Others  fay,  that  he  'wus  flaia  by  fomc  of  the  great  Icwrds,  who  A.  D. 
wait  in  to  him  drefled  in  women's  clothes  ■.  He  rdgned  one  >577- 
year  and  ten  months.  w-V*^^ 

IS  MA  EL  confirmed  the  proverb,    that  the  reign  cf  aHisgreti 
prince^  who  returns  f rum  exile,  is  always  cruel  and  bloody  :  for  cruuty* 
he  began  his  rdgn  with  the  execution  of  all  the  kindred  and 
friends  of  Haydr  (B),  as  well  as  of  thofe  who  had  advifed 
his  father  to  imprifon  him  ;  purfning  fuch  as  he  could  not 
get  apprehended,  even  as  fjur  as  the  frontiers  of  Turky^  the 
religion  of  which  he  openly  profefled.    To  find  out  how  the  ' 
grandees  were  afFefted  towards  him,  he  caufi^i  a  report  to  be 
^read  of  his  death :  but  he  appeared  again  too  foon  for  diofe 
who  had  been  fo  imprudent  as  to  difcover  an  averfion  to  his 
govemmient ;  for  he  took  away  the  lives  of  all  fuch  as  he  had 
the  leaft  jealoufy  of;  and  exercifed  fo  great  oruelty,  that  hisHiis£n9i 
filler  Peria-konkonna,  not  thinking  herfelf  fecure  while  he  lived, 
took  care  to  make  away  with  him  :  but  this  was  done  fo  ie- 
cx^tly,  that,  when  our  author  was  in  Perfta,  it  was  not  known 
in  what  manner  the  inhabitants  came  to  get  rid  of  fuch  a  ty- 
rant **.     According  to  Minadoi  and  Herbert,  his  fifter,  and     '   ' 
four  lords  (C)  drefied  in  women's  apparel,  entered  his  apartment 
one  night,  as  if  on  a  party  of  gallantry,  and  ftrangled  him 
IBith  a  filken  cord,  on  the  24th  of  November  1 577  *^. 

C  H  A  P.     III. 

^hi  Riign  of  Mohammed  Khodabandch,  Hamzeb,  miA 
Ifmadlll. 

/^N  the  death  of  IfmaeU  Mohammid  Khodibandeh  was  fettt  ^  SbA 
^^  for,  firom  Khordffan,  of  which  he  was  governor ;    and,  Mohaokr 
coming  to  Kafwtn,   there  afcended  the  throne.    Befide  tlie  aud. 
appellation  of  Kboddbandeh,  which  he  obtained  on  account  of 
his  devotion,  as  has  been  already  mentioned^  he  bid  alfo  that 
of  Alzarir,  or  the  Blind,  given  him,  becaufe  he  wanted  his 
iight  (A) ;  and  it  was  for  this  reafon  that  Ifmael^  vrho  put  to 

doiA 

*  PococK.  Sappl.  p.  6$.    D*Hbrb.  p.'so^.  art.  Ifmail  ben 
Thahmafp.  ^  Olearivs,  ubi  fup.     Herbert,  p.  199, 

MiNAD.  p.  10.  *  Mts^AD.  p.  12.    Herbert,  ibid. 

(B)  Herbert  fays,  he  put   to         (C)  KhalU  Khan,  Amir  Kbdn^ 
dea^h  eight  of  his  brothers  alfo.     Mohammed  Khdn,    and  KurM 


dea^b 
-rfve 


Ivels,  p.  199.  Minadoi  fays  Khdn, 
t£e  fame ;  from  whom  both  Her-  (A)  But  it  is  not  to  be  under^ 
btrt  and  Olearius  feem  to  have  dood  that  he  was  {tone-bIind» 
taken  their  me/noirs.  tho*  hQ  is  commonly  by  authors 

reckoned 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


de&Ui  all  kb  other  brothers,  had  (fured  him.    Ahmed  ehiYth 
fgf  fays  be  reigned  a  good  many  years ;   Texeira^  Minaiei^ 
^and  OUaritUy  but  feven*. 
Pcriakon-     According  to  the  two  laft  authors,  they  had  a  good  deal 
konna      gf  difficulty  to  prevail  on  him  to  accept  of  the  crown  (B);  till 
^^*        he  was  made  fenfibk,  that  both  his  perfon,  and  the  kingd<»n| 
would  be  expofisd  to  great  danger,  in^e  it  pfdfed  to  a  firaii^ 
family.     However,  he  refolved  not  to  afTume  it,  but  <xk  otm^' 
tion   that,  before  he  t^ad^  his  entrance  into  Kafvtn^   they 
brought  him   the  head  of  Peria-kohkonna  (C) ;  who,  having 
imbrued  her  hands  in  the  blood  of  two  of  his  brothers,  m'^t 
otherwife  have  it  in  her  power  to  difpbfe  of  the  kii^dpm  to 
another :    for  this  princefs  had  proflituted  herfelf  to  feveni 
lords  of  the  court,  particularly  to  Amtr  Khdn,  whom  Aye  had 
filled  with  hopes  of  afcending  the  throne. 
tJis  cha-       As  foon  as  Mohammed  took  on  him  the  reins  of  govern-^ 
raSer.      msnt,  which  was  in  the  year  i  J78,  he  feemed  Audious  to  imi- 
Hcj.  986.  tate  thofe  of  his  predeceflbrs  who  had  contributed  moft  to 
preferve  ^nd  exalt  the  glory  of  the  ftate.     This  is  what  Bi- 
zarrus  fays  of  him :  but  the  Verfian^  affirm,  that  never  any 
prince  managed  a  fceptie  with  greater  negligence  and  pufilk' 
nimity ;  infomuch  that,  finding  htmfelf  unfit  for  carrying  on 
any  military  defign,  he  fpent  all  his  time  's^ithin  the  palace 
gaming,  and  diverting  himfelf  with  the  ladies  :  that  his  enc* 
mies,  the  Turks  on  one  fide,  and  Uzbek  Tatars  on  the  other, 
taking  advantage  of  his  effeminacy,  invaded  Perjta ;  and  pof- 
fisflid,tbem&lves  of  feveral  provib<^,  Which  contintied  in  their 
hands  fo  long  as  he  lived  **. 
defeats         FoR  ail  this,  at  firft  the  Per/tans^  under  this  prince,  gained 
tbiTxak%  fome  coflfiderable  advantages  agalnft  the  Turks.     Minadoi  re- 
ly, lite«,  that,  in  tl^ie  yerit  above-mentioned,  their  general  Tokomak^ 
with  dnly  iQ,ooo  tiien,in  the  Kalderdn  plains, defeated  100,000 

J'  *  Poco«K  SyJppK  p.  65.    D^Heiib.  jp.  613.  art. '}rf<Aaftincd 
Klod.  ^  OL«A;aivs,  1.  yi.  f>.'j46^  HtRSEi^ir,  P»  *99' 

Mhiao.  pA^J..  '    i 

hi6c(tnti  fo :    for  we  do  not  hirofelf,  and  the  people  to  fiodi 

find,.that  hiscycs  were^putouti  to  hxvi*  Ibid , 
kn'd  it  is  only  faid  before,   that         (C)  As  this  feciiis  .to  be  tht 

Hi*  fight  was  very  weak  or  bad  ;  fame  princefs  faid  to  be  /lain  br 

which  is  cOnHrmed  by  Heriert,  tfmaet^  there  mufl  be  foine  mil* 

«  in  his  Travcis,  p.   198,    who  takeyOrgreatttQCertainty^hithis 

tails  him  the  purblind  king  of  particolal*,    among  the  PitfioM 

Perji€y.  Aifh)riaDS.     Peria-konl^nnamty 

,  (B)  Herbert  (2Ly^^  that,  on  the  not  improperly  be  rexidered/i^ 

murder  of  his   eight  brothers.  Fairy  ^een. 


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Othm^ns  uflder  Moftafs  Pdjbd\  aad  killed  30,000,  with  the 
iofs  of  8000  JStSlb4/b,  of  whofe  he&ds  he  made  a  monument, 
to  fcare  their  countrymen.  Minadc^  fays,  three  tlioufand  of ' 
them  were  the  headi  of  prifoners  ,•  .*nd  that,  ordering  them  to 
be  laid  in  a  heap,  he  fat  on  it  while  he  gave'  audience  to  a 
young  Georgian  lord>  who  paid  him. a  vifit.  But  this  infuk 
was  retaliated  oft  the  Turks  more  feverely  ftill  the  fame  year  1 
for,  being  met  a  fecond.timc  by  ^re^  Beg  and  Imam  Kuli 
Kh&tis  as  they  pafled  the  Kmak  {ivkf^w^id),  30^000  of  them 
parted  with  their  heads^  to  raife  a  highaf  monument-  to  the 
Perfian  valour.  After  this,  Arez  Beg^  with  loyooo  men,  ^ts  gene* 
furprifmg  the  Tatars,  in  their  way  fr^m  Mazdnder^,  where  raJ  taken, 
they  had  done  great  mifchief,  to  join  Oztndn  Pa/bA,  left  by 
Mofiafa  (in  Shtrwaii),  he  attacked  and  rputed  a  great  part  of 
their  army.  But  Abdo\l  Gheray^  the  Tatar  general  (D),  with 
feme  feleft  troops.  Coming  uftexp^ftedly  upon  the  backs  of 
the  Perjians,  turned  the  fortune  of  the  day  :  for  the  latter^ 
who  Were  already  half-tired,  taking  them  for  the  Turks  under 
OzmAnPaJhd,  were  j^efently  defeated  5  and  their  general -r^r^a^^ 
Beg,  being  taken,  was  afterwards  hanged  at  Shamakiya  *=.     ^ 

MO  HA  M MED '  Khoddbandeh,  quickly  informed   of   ih&HUdeatk 
fhameful  death  infli<5led  on  AreZ^  Bfg,  orders  his  fon  Amir  reven^i 
Hamzeh  Mtrta  (the  Wonder  Of  his  age),  to  revenge  the  in- 
jury.    The  prince  fets  out  forthwith  from  Jvafvln  with  12,^009 
fiien ;  and,  iri  nineteeli  daysj  comes  up'with  Abdo'l  Cheray,  and 
his  Tatars,  on  whom  he  falls  with  fuch  fury,  that,  in  two- 
hours,  they  are  ptit  to  the  rout.     This-  done, ^he  enters  £r^2?^ 
puts  the  garrifon  to  the  fword,  ^nd  j^n]^  Kaytas  P4/hd^  tp 
atone  for  Aref&  Beg,     Here  likewifc  he  re^vered  ,200  .pieces  hy  Ham- 
of  cannon,  which  his  grandfather  Tahma^  ^]asii.  loft  to  Soltan  zeh  Mir- 
Soleymin,   Aiter  this^  hearing  where  the  Tatars  were  encamped  ^*- 
agaio,  he  comes  cm  them  fuddenly  with- his  nimble  troops,  cuts 
mofl  of  them  in  pieces  ;  and,  unhorfing  Abdo'l  Cher  ay  himfelf| 
fends  him  prifon^et  ^xx  Er^^y  where  the  queen- nK)ther  lay^ 
Mean  time  Ozmhi  Pifhh,  with  his  forc^,  enters  Sham^iyq; 
but  the  Perfian  prince  haftes  thither  with  fuch  fury,  that  the 
amazed  P^Jha  flies  bv  nighty  and  lc^\»es  the  city  to  his  mercy ; 
vengeance,  we  (hould  have  termed  it  :f6r  he  JTet  the  houfes  on 
fire,  and  may  be  faid  to  have  quenched  it  with  the  blood  <rf  the 
inhabitants,  to  punifh  their  treachery^* 

•   MlNADOI,  p.  Jl.      HlRBlRT,  p.  ^tOO.  *  HiRBBRT, 

jp*  aoi. 

(D)  A  young  man,  and  bro-  of  what  the  reader  will  find  in 
ther  to  the  klian  oiKrim,  Her-  the  tfeigh  <jf  Saltan  Mv*^,  eat- 
iirt  relates  of  him  the  fuMaace    peror  of  the  OthndA  T^rb, 

4  TH£ 


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Hifi(njpfibiSbdhsreigmnginVtTti2i.  B.VIL 

The  Georgians  flu)ok  off  the  Perjuui  yoke  after  the  death 

of  TabnUyp  \  as  did  moft  of  the  provinces  of  Perjia  during 

» the  reign  of  JJmael  11.  and  the  four  BiH  jcslts  of  Mohammed 

JJmrsof  Kbode^ndeh^  "vrtio  fent  an  army  into  thdr  country,  to  reduce 

Georgia,  it  to  his  obedience.    On  the  no(Ws  of  its  approach,  David 

Khin  fled ;  and  his  brother  Si$non^  who  w^  in  prifon,  takii^ 

that  occafion  to  recover  his  poflfeffions,  turned  Mohammedan^ 

and  was  made  governor  of  TiJltSy  under  the  name  of  Simon 

KhAn  ^.    This  is  th^  account  given  by  the  Perfian  hiftorians, 

which  is  rccondteable  enough  with  what  Minadoi  relates  from 

report.    According  to  this  author,  Simon  was  confined  in  the 

fame  prifon  with  IJmaeU  who  afterwards  rdgned  the  fecondof 

that  name,  where  he  contkued  for  feme  time :  but  his  repu* 

tation  for  courage  and  experience  brii^og  him  acquainted 

with  IJinaeU  that  prince,  who- afterwards  contraAed  an  inti- 

macy  with  him,  prevailed  oq  him  at  lafl  to  change  his  faith; 

with  a  promife  to  get  him  releafed,  and  reflcx-ed  to  his  ter- 

ritories.    Accordingly^  on  his  afcending  the  throne,  he  releafed 

Simon  :  but  was  cut  off  before  he  had  time  ^  lo  reflore  him. 

Prince  Si-  However,  Mohammed  KhoMbandeh,  on  Simon*s  SLppilczdon  to 

flion  rg'    himi  made  him  khan  of  Georgia ;  and  forthwith  fent  "him  into 

(ta^'       that  country,  accompanied  by  j^ti  KXIi  Kh&ij  and  5000  horfe, 

tooppofe  thedefigns  of  theTV^f/,  which  hefruffarated  on  many 

occauons'. 

The  war  with  the  Turks  continued  almofl  all  the  rdgn  of 
Moharnmed,  who  was  much  dilh-efled  for  waflt  of  fuffidcnt 
forces  to  encounter  the  enemy  both  in  Georgia  and  Perfia  :  fo 
that,  altho'  his  eldefl  fon  Hamzeh  Mirza  performed  wcHidofol 
actions,  defeating  great  armies  of  Othm&ns  with  a  handfial  of 
men,  yet,  prevaL&^  by  numbers,  they  gained  many  advaff- 
tages  ;  and*at  length,  maftering  Tauris,  built  a  ffax)ng  fbrtrefi 
in  the  middle  of  it,  which  was  not  recovered  during  this 
re^.  But,  as  we  have  given  the  detail  of  thefe  matters 
in  the  rdgn  of  MorJU, '  foldin  of  the  Othmin  Turks  \  we  refer 
the  reader  thither  for  farther  infcnrmation. 

^e  Reign  of  Hamzeb,  or  Hamza, 

5.  Shah     Ji/f-O^HAMMEDKhodihandeha^eAmiihtytac^ 

Hamzeh.  '^'^  993,  and  of  Chriji  1 584,  leaving  three  fons;  Amir  Ham- 

Hcj.  993.2^*,  yhtael^  and  Abbas.     Hamzeh,  as  being  the  eldeft,  was 

A.  D.   crowned  king  of  Perjia ;  jtt  Ifmael^  envying  the  advancement 

is84«    of  his  brother,  had  the  addrefs  to  prevail  on  the  chief  lonb 

«:  Charpxn,  tom.i.  p.  125.  /  R^iiiAPOi,  1.  iv.  p.  i^j* 

Oliar.  p.  345.      K  See  ^Othmn  bift,     ^  Sec  a  fubfcq.  vol. 
;  •  of 

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C  2,  $.  Siah  Hamseb. 

of  the  kingdom  to  confpire  his  death  ;  which  was  efiefted  in 
the  eighth  month  of  his  reign,  in  the  following  manner.  He 
procured  fome  affaiEns,  who,  dre/Ied  in  women's  doaths,  and 
covered  with  veils,  according  to  the  cuftom  of  the  eaft,  went  one 
morning  to  the  (hih's  chamber-door ;  and,  pretending  to  the 
goards,  that  they  were  the  wives  of  fome  khans,  whom  the  king 
had  (ent  for,  readily  obtained  admittance  to  the  apartment,  where 
they  murdered  (A)  the  unfufpeAing  prifice :  but  his  death 
was  ibon  after  revenged  upon  the  contriver  of  it'. 

According  to  Minadoi,  Hamzeh  was  afMinated  AuAtig  Is  aff4^:> 
his  father*s  life-time,  and  in  another  manner.  He  relates  that  ated. 
this  mirza,  in  July  1586,  came  to  Tauris :  but,  inftead  of 
attacking  the  fort  built  there  by  the  Turks^  marched  to  5^- 
ptiSf  againft  Zeynel  Bey^  the  KArd^  whom  he  defeated,  as  fce 
did  prefently  after  the  paiha  of  Riv&n :  then,  returning  tq 
Tauris^  he  gets  together  an  army  of  40,000  men,  with  ddign 
to  attack  the  Turks^  then  advancing  to  the  city ;  but  that,  Kjr 
the  treachery  of  AH  KAli  Khdriy  the  enemy  got  into  Tauris^ 
and  reinforced  the  garrifon :  that,  at  the  fame  time,  prinee 
Hamzeh  being  informed  of  a  confpiracy  of  feva^  icktans  tx} 
betray  him  into  the  hands  of  the  Othman  general,  he  was  ob- 
Ug^  to  abandon  his  defign,  in  order  to  take  care  c^  his  own 
nlety  :  that,  however,  having  driven  AH  KAli  Khan  out  of  the 
country  about  Tauris^  he  began  to  look  upon  himfelf  pret^ 
iecure  againft  his  fecret  enemies ;  and  repaired  to  Canjeh^  a  / 
dty  of  ArrAriy  of  which  Im^  Mli  Khdn^  his  friend,  was 
a>vemor,  defigning  to  march  from  thence  to  intercept  the 
Turkijb  forces  in  their  way  to  TeJ^ :  but  that,  while  he  ftaid  Varivm 
there  to  prepare  for  his  expedition,  he  was  ftabbed  by  out  oi  reports* 
his  eunuchs  who  guarded  him,  fet  on,  as  fome  fuppofed,  by 
his  brother  Abbds  Mirza,  governor  of  Heri,  or  Herat,  in  Khi- 
raffin ;  others  fuppofed  by  his  father  Mohammed.  Minadot, 
on  feveral  occaflons,  fuggefts  the  enmity  and  attempts  of  Ahids 
agaioft  Hamzeh,  by  miftake,  perhaps,  for  Ifmael,  whom  he 
does  not  once  mention :  befides,  as  that  author,  tho'  a  very 
cui^us  and  intelligent  hiflorian,  was  not  in  Perfta  at  the 
time  of  Hamzeh'%  death,  his  authority  muft  give  way  to  that 
of  travellers  who  were  in  the  country,  and  wrote  after  him. 

*  Olear.  Trav.  1.  vi.  p.  ^47.  *  Minadoi,  1,  9. 

.p.  380.  387. 

^     (A)  The  Turks  fay,  he  was  CMft :  but  this  is  contradiacd 

'^killed  bravely  fighting  near  Sal-  by  other  hiftorians.     Sec  here- 

^mds,  in  the  year  993  of  the  Hej-  afcer,  in  the  reign  of  Moradllh 

rmbt  which  anfwers  to  1 585  of  fokan  oi  the  Othmebu. 

Mod.  Hist.  Vol.  V.  Ec  The 

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4J4  Hifiorj  of  the  Sb^s  reigring  in  Periu,    B.  Vlf. 

The  RHgn  of  Ifmael  III. 

A*  D.     1T7HILE  IJmael  was  employed  in  this  fratricide,    Abh^ 
4  *  j^l*  I  Mirza^  who  had  the  government  oi  Khorajf^n^  w^s  fet 

^'cL^     ^^^  ^"^"^  ^^r^/,  Capital  of  d^t  province,  in  order  to  vifit  his 
If      1  ir  ^^^''^^  Hamzeh  :  but  hearing,  on  the  road,  of  his  murder, 
Xlfliae        thought  it  more  advifeable  to  return  to  his  place  of  refideQce, 
than  put  himfelf  in  the  power  of  the  author  of  it.    The  year 
fc^owing,  while  Ifmael  was  in  the  province  of  KArabAgh^  Abbas 
advancedas  far  as  Kafwtn ;  where  the  frequent  difputes,  which 
happened  between  the  people  belonging  tp  the  two  brothers, 
betghtened  the  diftruft  they  had  of  each  other,     jibbas  had 
.  with  him,  at  this  time,  MurflAd  JQli  Khdn^  whom,  for  his 
prudence  and  courage,  Mohammed  Khodahdndeh  had  appointed 
that  prince's  tutor.     MurflAd^  knowing  that  Ifmael  would  ne- 
ver pardon  AbbAs^  againft  whom  he  had  fpc^en  with  great 
animofity,  and  that  his  own  life  depended  on  the  (afety  of 
his  matter's,  was  refolved,  if  poffible,  to  prevent   the  lai^ 
now  aftually  on  the  march  againft  his  brother.^  To  effeft  this, 
he  drew  over  fome  of  the  great  court-lcM-ds  ;  *who,  in  hopies  of 
gainii^  the  favour  of  Ahbds^  bribed  one  of  Ifmaets  harbors, 
named  KhAdi^  to  cut  his  throat  while  he  was   (having  hun. 
The  lords,  who  were  prefent  when  the  faft  was  committed, 
to  juftify  themfelves,  cut  the  aflaflin  in  pieces,  and  burnt  him 
to  allies.     Thus  died  Shah  Ifmael  III.  after  he  had  rdgned 
eight  months  ^ 

'C  H  A  P.    IV. 

The  Reign  of  Sbdb  AbUs  I.  furnamed  the  Great. 

^hSh    *T^HE  two  preceding  princes  are,  by  fome  European  hifto- 

Abbasl.  "^^  ^"^  travellers,  put  in.  the  number  of  the  Perfan 

kings ;  by  others,  not.     The  cafe  may  poflibly  be  the  fame 

with  the  oriental  hiftorians ;  but  the  misfortune  is,  our  ex- 

trafts  from  them  here  fail  us :   for  Mirkond,  of  whom  TV- 

xeira  has  given  an  abridgment,  fo  far  as  relates  to  the  Pa- 

jian  kings,  does  not  reach  fo  low  down.     Ahmed  ebn  Yifeft 

^inade  ule  of  by  Dr.  Pocock^  in  his  fupplement  to  Ab^'lfarcji 

wrote  in  the  time  of  Shah  AbbAs  the  firft  (A) :  and  D'Herbekt, 

as  if,  in  them,  his  fources  for  the  hiftory  of  the  Sofian  familjr 

had  failed  him,  tinder  the  ti|tle  oi.  Abbas^  fays  only,  that  there 

*  Olear.  p.  347. 

(A)  Whom  he  made  the  immediate  fucceflbr  of  iMammti 
Khodah&pdebf  a<fcording  to  Dr.  Focock^ 
'^  z    -    -.  were 


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C.  4-^  7*  Shdb  Ahh&sJ.  *    : 

were  two  kings  in  Perfia  of  that  name,   both  well  known 
to  Europeans,    by  the  relations'  of  modern   travellers.  /So 
that  we  are, turned  over  to  them,  as  ihe  funds  from  whence  ' 
■we  are  to  draw  our  materials  for  the  reigns  of  Shah  Abbds  and 
his  fucccflbrs. 

ABBAS  had  already,  by  his  fpirtt  and  moderation,  fo  far  His  iutort 
gained  the  affeftions  of  the  PerfianSy  that  he  afcended  the  f»/oU»cg 
throne  with  a  general  fatisfadtion.  But  the  favour  of  MurJHd 
KHH  Khhn,  who  had  moft  contributed  to  his  advancement,  did 
not  continue  long:  for,  aflumuig  the  fame  "authority  over  the 
Jdng,  as  he  had  done  before  while  only  mirza,  or  prince,  he 
created  a  refentment  in  Abbas,  which  proved  his  ruin.  One 
day,  when  the  fhah  was  going  to  give  his  opinion  with  relation 
to  an  important  affair,  which  had  been  propofed ;  that  lord 
had  the  infolence  to  tell  him,  before  all  the  council,  that  he 
was  not  ^t  to  fpeak  about  points  of  fuch  a  nature,  as  being 
above  the  reach  of  his  years  and  underftanding.  AbbAs  dif 
fcmbled  his  refentment  at  that  time ;  but  corifidering,  that,  if 
fuch  liberties  were  borne  with,  it  would  bring  him  in  contempt 
with  his  fubjefts,  he  refolved  to  rid  his  governor  out  of  the 
way. 

He  difclofed  his  intention  to  three  lords  of  his  council.  Ma- froirtfy 
hadi  mii  Khltn,  Mohammed  UJiad  Shdhi,  and  Aii  KM  Khhi :  funijhel- 
but  as  this  was  a  matter  of  the  greateft  confequence  to  them, 
and  they  doubted  even  the  reality  of  the  fhah's  defign^  they 
endeavoured  to  di/Tuade  him  from  it.  He  told  them,  it  was 
his  will  that  Murjbtd  K4li  Khan  fhould  die  bv  their  hands ; 
and  that,  if  they  fcrupled  to  give  him  that  temmony  of  their 
zeal  for  his  fervLce,  he  fhould  find  means  to  be  obeyed.  Thofe 
grandees  finding  it  would  be  dangerous  to  ftand  out  any  longer, 
followed  the  king  into  his  favourite's  chamber;  who  lying 
afleep  on  his  back.  Abbas  gave  him  the  firft  blow  with  his 
fword,  acrofs  his  mouth ;  and  the  others  feconded  it,  with 
each  a  ftab :  but  Murjbtd  KM  Khdn,  who  was  a  very  ftout 
man,  rifing  off  his  bed,  put  himfdf  in  fuch  a  poflure  of  de- 
fence, as  made  them  all  afraid ;  and,  doubtlefs,  would  have 
difpatched  fome  of  his  murderers,  had  it  hot  been  for  one  of 
his  grooms,  who,  coming  in  at  the  no'^fe,  with  a  battle-ax  ia. 
his  hand,  the  (hah  faid  to  him  :  I  would  have  the^life  ^Mur- 
fhid  KuU  Klhan,  luho  is  become  my  enemy  5  go,  dtjpatch  him, 
and  I  will  make  thee  a  khdn.  The  groom  obeying  the  king's 
command,  went  up  to  his  mafter,  and  killed  him.  Next  day. 
Abbas  put  to  death  all  the  relations  and  friends  of  the  deceafed, 
to  wevent  any  diflarbances  which  their  difcontent  might  have 
raiied  againft  tuxn ;  and^  befides  rewarding  the  groom  with  t^e 

E  e  z  dignity 


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'     HiJiorfofthiSbdhsmgmnginVGc{^2L.    B.VIL 
digmty  of  khin»  made  him  govtnior  oiHcr^j  the  capital  of 


This  ha{^)efied  in  the  £rft  year  of  his  ragn.  This  mo- 
j^jf^  .  aarch'4  £rft  lAioos  difcoveced  lus  abiUdes  for  governing  his 
^'.  kingdom,  and  that  he  had  no  occafion  for  a  direftor.    His 

'*  thoughts  were  wholly  bent  on  recovering  the  large  provinces 
which  the  TuHu  and  Tatars  had  taken  from  his  predecefibrs. 
He  b^n  by  declaring  war  againft  the  latter,  who  had  feized 
the  £iieft  part  of  Khorajan  during  his  father's  reign.  Accord- 
ingly, having  rasied  a  powerful  army,  he  entered  that  province, 
where  he  was  met  by  AbJdUaA,  khan  of  the  Uzbeks  (B) ;  who, 
at  firft,  obtained  fome  advantage  over  him,  by  r^on  the 
iplagne,  and  bad  weather,  kept  the  fhah's  forces  from  SiOion. 
The  two  armies  lay  near  fix  months  in  fig^t  of  each  other: 
j}ut,  at^iaft;  yttbds  attacked  AbdMlah  Kh^Uy  and  forced  him 
%o  ^tceat  to  Ma/bbAd  The  fhah  continued  diree  years  in 
Khoraffhi ;  in  all  which  time,  the  Uzbek  was  in  no  condidon 
to  difturb  him  in  his  conquefts ;  and,^when  he  attempted  it, 
was  fo  unfortunate  as  not  cmly  to  be  defeated,  but  taken,  with 
bis  brother,  and  three  fons,  "whofe  heads  wo^  all  cut  off  (C), 
,  by  the  ftiah's  orders  *. 
Rm99itto  AJBSJSy  on  his  return  from  Khorajan^  went  to  yjMn, 
Itf^sMfU  the  capital  of  Perfian  Jrdk^  with  whodEe  pleafant  fituadon,  asd 
fisrdle  ibii,  be  was  fo  delighted,  that  he  transferred  the  feat  of 
lus  empire  tluther.  His  next  expedition  was  againf):  the  Otb- 
min  Turks.  Underfianding,  by  his  {pies,  that  the  garrifon  of 
Tairisy  or  Tauris,  were  under  no  apprehenfioa  of  an  attsK±, 
he  privately  aifonUed  a  few  forces;  and,  in  fix  days,  Biarchcd 
thither  fe>m  IJpah6n^  though  it  is  ufually  ei^teen  days  joniaqr 
of  the  karawans.  Being  ccMcne  to  the  pals  kA  Shibli,  within 
io\^  ieagoes  cf  T/i^rl/,  \iHhere  the  Turks  kept  a  part^  of  foldiers, 
rather  to  receive  the  cuftoms  on  coounodides,  than  hinder  the 
«ntiraace  of  the  Perfians^  he,  with  fome  officers,  left  the  army » 
and  advanced  as  &r  as  the  tumjHke.  The  fecretary  of  the 
caftom4KMile,  imagining  them  to  be  merchants,  addre&4  him- 
fidf,  for  the  duties^  to  Shah  Abb&s :  who  told  him,  that  the 
perfon  widi  die  purfe  was  coming  behind ;   and  calling  to 

»  Oleak.  Tray,  into  Perfia,  11  vi.  p.  347. 

(B)  Then  pofT^Oed  of  Qre^t  for  Abdallab  Khan  lived  tX  die 
.JfnJtiaria,  of  which  Samarkant  year  i$97#  fubduii>g  KarmBm^ 
fc  the  c^pitd,  where  Jbdaflah  after  Jus  cjqpc4itiQn  into  HJt- 
reigned.  See  Vol.  VI.  p.  1 2.7  ;  rajfan  againft  Shah  Jhhds,  Sec 
^nd  general  collet,  otvoy,  and  the  placss  cited  in  the  fbiiner 
trav.  4to.  Vol.  IV.  p.  524.  note. 

(C)  Thismaft  be  a  mfftake; 

Du^f 


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C  4-  ^.  Sm  Ahbiis  t]  4^f 

Ihilfikar  Khan^  bade  him  give  the  officer  fomc  money.     But,    A.  D. 
while  the  fecretary  was  telling  it,  he  ordered  one  of  hb  fol-     '584. 
lovrers  to  difpatch  him :  then,  obliging  the  fddicrs  u  ho  kept  ^-*Sr*^ 
that  poft  to  fubmit,  entered  the  pals  with  his  army. 

ALI  Pdjba,  governor  of  Tauris^  on  this  news,  gathered ^tfi« 
what  troops  he  could  in  the  time,  and  went  to  meet  the  fhah :  Tabriz, 
but  his  forces,  being  much  inferior  to  the  Perjtans,  were  de- 
feated, and  himfelf  taken.  The  citadel,  built-in  the  midft  of 
the  city  by  Hajfan  PMJbdh^  otherwife  called  Uzim  Haffnn  (D), 
held  out  a  month  longer ;  and  was  then  taken  by  Tome  in»' 
telligence  from  within.  From  hence  j^bb^s  proceeded  to  Nakh* 
juatt  (E),  the  garrifon  of  which  retired  to  Inydriy  as  foon  as 
they  heard  of  his  being  on  the  road :  having  demolifhed  the 
citadd  of  that  city,  called  ICtl/hikalaban,  he  followed  them  to 
Irv&n  (F),  which  he  took,  after  a  fiege  of  nine  months.  This 
ccMiqueft  facilitated  the  reduftion  of  all  the  neighbouring  cities 
and  provinces,  excepting  Orhni  (G),  which,  being  ftrongly 
fituated  on  the  point  or  a  rock,  he  b'^fieged  eight  months  in 
vain.  Finding  therefore  no  hopes  of  becoming  mailer  of  if  by 
force,  and  that  the  Kurds  did  him  more  injury  than  the  Tvrks 
themfelves,  he  fought  the  friend(hip  of  their  chiefe  by  prefents ; 
and,  among  other  advantages,*  promifed  them  the  plunder  of 
the  place,  in  cafe  by  their  means  it  fhould  be  taken. 

The  Kiirds,  who  were  a  free  independent  people,  and  lived  Perfidy  tg 
folely  by  rapine,  embracing  the  offer,  went  over  to  the  fhah ;  t^  Kftrdi. 
and,  by  their  affiftance,  the  city  was  taken.  Mbas^  having 
gained  his  ends,  fent  to  invite  them  to  dinner  with  him,  with 
a  defign  to  cut  them  all  off,  fearing  they  might,  another  time, 
do  the  Turks  the  like  piece  of  fervice  they  had  done  him.  For 
this  purppfe,  a  tent  was  fet  up,  whofe  entrance  had  feveral 
turnings ;  fo  that  thofe  who  went  foremoft  were  foort  out  of 
fight  of  thofe  who  followed  5  and  a  little  way  within  were 
placed  two  executioners,  who  difpatched  the  guefts  as  fafl  as 
they  entered.  .. 

FROk   this  fortrefs  marching  on,  he  became  mafter  of  allSMrw^n 
the  country  between  the  rivers  K&r  and  Arris  (H).    Thence  ^»^j|*^ 
proceeding  into  Shirwdn,  he  reduced  Shamakiya,  its  capital,/*^*^'^ 
in  feven  weeks,  with  the  whole  province ;   the  govo-nmcnt 

(D)  In  Oliariujf  VJfum  Kaf-    dty  at  the  fouth-wcft  end  of  the 
fan.  lake  ^kahi^  in  Axcrhejdn^  about 

(E)  Nakhcbuan.ot  Nakjhivant    iixty  miles  to  the  faathwefl  of 
at  others  fpell  it.  Salmis^  on  the  fame  lake. 

(F)  Called alfo/nVtf«,^Wc;iMr,         (H)  The  anticnt  Cyrui  and 
Mevofii  and  Pi*van^  a  noted  city    Jraxis,  The  intermediate  coun- 
of  Jrrdn^  near  the  river  Jrrdj,      try  is  called  Aran,  or  Arrdn,  % 
(Gj   CaU€d  alfo  Ormja^  a    fine  and  fruitful  province. 

£  e  3  whereof 

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Turks 


Hijlory  of  the  Sbdbs  reigning  in  PcrGa.     B 

whereof  he  beftowed  on  Julfakar  Khdn,  his  brother-m-la\ 
people  of  Ddrbend,  on  this  news,  killed  the  Turkijh  gi 
'  and  fubmitted  to  the  conqueror.     After  this,  he  cntei  ^ 
l^n  (I),  and  reduced  the  inhabitants,  who,  in  the  time  o 
TahmAfpy  had  thrown  off  their  fubjeftion :  and,  as  nea 
keran  there  was  a  vaft  fen,  or  morafs,  whicli  in  a  man- 
rered  the  whole  province,  and  rendered  the  entrance  ve 
ficult ;  he  ordered  a  road,  or  bank  of  fand,  to  be  made  t! 
it,  from  that  town,  and  built  khans,  or  inns,  for  the 
modation  of  travellers,  in  feveral  parts  (K)  of  the  countr 
It  was  the  intention  of  Shah  Abbh  to  fit  ftill  with 
enter  P^r-  quifitions  he  had  made :    but,  about  a  year  after,  ad\ 
^*  riving,  that  the  Turks  were  hafting,  with  an  army  of  5c 

.   xncn,  towards  the  Per/tan  borders,  he  affembles  all  the 
he  could  at  Tabrisy  and  orders  the  inhabitants  of  the  fi 
to  retire,  with  their  cattle,  into  the  walled  towns,  layioi 
the  country,  that  the  enemy  might  find  no  fubfiftence. 
time,  the  Turks  having  advanced,  and  encamped  near  * 
Jbbds  caufed  it  to  be  publiflied  through  his  army,   th. 
as  were  willing  to  ferve  as  volunteers,  ftiould  lift  thei 
apart,  and  receive  for  every  Turk's  head  they  brough 
fifty  crowns.     On  this  encouragement,  above  5000   F 
lifted  themfelves,  who  every  day  made  a  prize  of  fome 
which  were  prcfented  him,  as  foon  as  he  rofe :  among  t] 
a  foldier,  named  Bahram  Tekel,  brought  him  one  momi 
together ;  for  which  piece  of  fervice  he  was  made  a  khai. 
At  the  end  of  three  months,  Chakal  Ogli,  the  Turk 
neral,  fent  a  kind  of  challenge  to  Shah  Jbbas,  giving 
underftand ;  that,  if  he  had  as  much  confidence  in  Go- 
the  juftice  of  his  caufe,  as  he  would  •  have  the  world  t 
be  fliould  not  be  afraid  of  accepting  a  general  engag 

•*  Olear,  Trav.  intoPerfia,  1.  vi.  p.  347. 


Are  over' 
tbrofwn. 


(I)  Mazdnderdn  alfo,  having 
combined  with  fome  parts  of 
Kildn,  or  Gheyldny  in  1593,  re- 
belled againft  Abbds^  who,  the 
next  year,  marched  thither  with 
acooohorfe;  and,  in  paiTmg  a 
river  by  fwiming,  loft  40C0  men, 
and  was  in  danger  himfelf.  7V- 
^eira^  p.  84.  In  his  return  from 
this  conqueft  ( which  he  foon 
^ffedled,  with  the  flaughter  of 
$0,000  inhabitants),  his  general, 
by  ftratagem,  drew  Mdlek  Ba- 
haman^  and  )|i^  tWQ  fons,  out  of 


their  impregnable  fcrtrcfs . 
on  a  rock,  in  the  znoi 
bounding  that  province, 
near  a  village  called  Hina 
bert\  trav.  p.  1 87. 

(K)  As  Baindura  Khav 
city  of  Afidra ;  Moriuf* 
Kkdn,  ztk^Jker;  Haydcr 
at  funkabun ;  Vixir  Kl 
Rajht^  or  Rejhti  Adam 
in  the  province  of  Majdf. 
and  Hujfeyn  Khan,  at  ^ 
bad. 


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C.  4.  y.  Sbdh  Abbas  L 

which  he  thereby  offered  hun.  Abbas,  fcorning  to  be  iHitved 
by  his  engmies,  gave  him  battle;  which  having  laded  the 
whole  day,  the  Turks ^  who  had  loft  a  great  number  of  men, 
retreated  in  the  night.  When  word  was  brought  of  this  next 
morning,  Abb^s^  judging  it  might  be  a  ftratagem  of  the  enemy, 
kept  his  army  on  a  continual  duty,  for  three,  days  together, 
without  fo  much  as  entering  his  tent  himfelf  in  all  that  time. 
At  length,  being  fatisfied  by  the  fcoi^ts,  that  the  Turks  w^rc 
retired  towards  the  frontiers,  he  advanced  to  the  mountain 
Sahend:  v/hfivc  Moha/nmed  Khdn  Kafak,  Shabirikh  Kh^n,  Ef- 
khar,  and  Yijihdn,  Kurchibajhiy  were  all  cut  to  pieces,  for 
having  given  poifon  to  the  fhath ;  wlio  yet  received  no  harm,  by 
means  of  an  antidote,  which  he  took  immediately. 

It  wo  years  after  this,    the  Turks  made  another  invafion^  Jgmnde* 
with  300,000  men,  and  befieged  the  fortrefs  of  Irv^Uy  in  th^ftated. 
province  of  the  fame  name :  but  were  forced  to  raife  the  A^e, 
and  retreat.     About  nvo  years  after  that,  they  befieged  and 
took  Tabris,  under  the  conduft  of  Mordd  Pd/bd^  and  kept  it  ■ 
four  months :  within  which  time,  there  happened  five  pitched 
battles  between  the  two  nations,  with  little  advantage  to  the 
Perfians :  yet,  at  length.  Shah  Abbds  defeated  the  enemy,  and 
recovered  the  city.     On  his  return  from  this  expedition,  at  Ar^ 
debit  he  ordered  Jul/dkar,  khan  of  Sbamdkbi,  tp  be  killed ; 
and  gave  his  government  to  m/ef  Khan,  sm  Armenian  flave,    -i 
vrho  had  long  lerved  him  as  a  footman  '•        • 

After  this,  P^a  enjoyed  peace  £Dr  twenty  years  {xxccef- A  f bird 
fively :  at  the  end  whereof,  the  Turks  entered  the  country  again,  ^^''- 
•  with  a  powerful  army,  under  the  command  oi  Rhaltl  PdJbA,  ^brow. 
who  was  joined  by  feveral  parties  of  Krim  Tatars.    The  fhah 
fent  agaioft  them  Kar<:hukay  Kbdn  (L),  the  moft  valiant  and 
fortunate  of  all  his  generals,  who  wearied  them  out,  2^nd  forced 
them  to  retreat,  after  feveral  eng^ements ;  wherein  he  took 
prifoners,  Omerfe  Beg,  and  Sbabin  Kcray  Kbdn,   two  Tatar 
princes,   befides  the  paftiis  of  Egypt,  Hdlep,  ArzerAm,  and 
Wdn.     The  king,  inftead  of  treating  them  ill,  not  only  pre- 
fented  each  with  a  veft  and'excellent  horfe,  but  fent  them  back,  ^ 
without  demanding  any  ranfom. 

This  war  being  over.  Shah  Abbas  went  into  Georgia,  wherp  War  in 
T'amAras  Kbdn,  ton  of  Zimon  (M),  bad  the  confidence  to  en-  Georgia. 

*  Olear.  Trav.  into  Perfia,  L  vi.  p.  347. 

(L)  In  the  origina],   fpellcd  Xsk^ior  Alexander  \  for{oCbar- 

Xartz  Scbuckai  Ofan,     Herbert  din  names  his  father,  as  will  be 

calls  him  Kurcbiki  Cawn.  feen  lower  down. 

(M)  Thit  it,  poffibly,  a  mif- 

E  c  4  t^ 

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Hiftory  of  tbt Shibs  reining inVtx^z.    B.VII. 

ttr  the  province  of  Segghen  (N),  fitaate  in  the  midft  of  that 
country,  and  give  him  battle :  but  was  forced  to  retreat,  with 
^  great  ids.  While  he  ftaid  in  thofe  ports,  which  was  nine 
months,  he  paid  his  army  nine  mufters  together ;  and  hearing 
that  his  foldiers  fpcnt  inoft  of  their  money  in  tobacco,  he  for- 
bade the  ufe  of  it,  with  fuch  feverity,  that  he  ordered  the 
aofes  and  lips  of  thofe  to  be  cut  off,  who  were  found  to  dif* 
dbey  his  prcAibition.  A  merchant,  who,  ignorant  of  that 
wder,  had  brought  feveral  bags  of  tobacco  into  the  camp,  to 
felL  there,  was,  by  lus  command,  fet  upon  a  heap  of  fe^ots, 
^th  his  bags  about  him,  and  confumed  to  afhes. 
7hifitiVs  After  the  Georgian  expedition,  Shah  AhhiLs  went  into 
fins.  Klin,  where  he  put  to  death  his  eldeft  fon,  through  jealoufy, 

laifed  by  a  trifling  occafion.  Befides  4  or  500  concubines,  he 
had  three  wives,  by  whom  he  had  as  many  fons,  Safiy  or  Sefi 
Mtrza,  Khodahitndeh  Mirza,  and  Im&m  Kuti  Mirza.  The  two 
latter  had  their  eyes  put  out  with  fire  (O),  by  his  order,  and 
were  confined  in  the  caftle  of  Alamut  (P),  thirty  leagues  from 
Kajvin.  The  eldeft  fon,  whofe  mother  was  a  Georgian,  havii^ 
fellen  in  love  with  a  beautiful  ChirkaJJian  maiden,  prefented  to 
his  father,  by  a  SbinvJln  merchant,  begged  her  for  a  wife,  and 
had  by  her  a  fon,  named  Sain  Mirza,  who  afterwards  reigned, 
by  the  name  of  Shah  Sqfi. 
Safi  RCr-  The  ovcr-fevere,  or  rather  cruel  and  tyrannical,  govem- 
«*  ment  of  Shah  Abbh,'  was,  by  this  time,  grown  fo  odious  2sA 

infupportable  to  the  grandees,  that  fome  of  them  had  the  bold- 
uefs  to  caft  a  note  into  Safi  Mirza  t  chamber,  importing,  that 
tf  he  would  confent  to  the  defign  they  had  in  hand,  he  might 
immediately  afcend  the  throne.  Safi,  abhorring  to  be  an  ac- 
complice in  his  father's  death,  carried  the  billet  to  him  j  at  the 
fame  time  protefting  his  deteftation  of  the  propofal,  and  ab- 
fohitc  dependence  on  his  will.  The  fhah,  who  dearly  loved 
this  fon,  exprefled  great  fatisfaftion  at  the  difcovery,  and  com- 
mended his  affeftion  and  piety :  but  he  afterwards  fell  into 
fhch  frights,  as  deprived  him  of  all  reft,  and  obliged  him  to 
change  his  bed-chamber  twice  or  thrice  a  night.  While  his 
mind  was  poflefled  with  fuch  continual  uneafinefs,  that  he  con- 
ceived he  fliould  never  be  free  from  it,  fo  long,  as  lus  fon 

(N)   Perhaps  the  fame  with        <P)  Or  M  Mut,  that  is,  tii 
Zaghn^  whofe  capital,   fituate    taftle  of  death,  in  the  province  of 


to  the  north  of  Tefiis,  is  of  the  Mazinderdn.     It  formerty  be- 

fame  n;tme.  longed  to  the  a£^n  princeSy 

(O)  B)  tS rawing  a  red-hot  ba-  who  reigned  there,   is  before* 

fon  berort  the;a.  .  mentioned. 


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C.  4-  7-  ^*^*  Abbas  I.  441 

lived  (Q^) ;  his  fears  were  heightened,  when  he  was  at  Rejht  ift    A.  D* 

Kildn^  by  the  falfe  fuggeflions  of  a  flatterer,  that  the  prince,     tS94- 
in  coojunftion  with  feveral  great  lords,  had  formed  a  new  con-  *— v«0 
fpiracy  againfl  him  '*. 

ABBAS  refoWng,  on  diis  new  alarm,  to  put  his  foa  to  ^»/ /• 
death,  would  have  had  his  general  Karchukay  Khdn  to  under*  (^^h^ 
take  the  execution :  but  that  brave  old  man,  falling  at  the 
king's  feet,  faid,  he  chofe  rather  to  be  put  to  death  himfel^ 
than  imbrue  his  hands  in  the  royal  blood.  The  fliah  here* 
upon  propofed  the  fame  to  Beb4t  Beg ;  who,  not  being  fo 
fcrupulous  as  the  other  lord,  went  immediately,  and,  meeting 
the  prince  on  a  mule,  juft  come  from  a  bath,  accompanied  only 
by  a  fingle  page,  lays  hold  on  the  bridle,  and  faying,  Alight, 
Sqfi  Mirza  J  it  is  the  pleafure  of  the  king  thy  father,  that 
thott  (houUft  61c  I  thereupon  throws  him  down.  The  un- 
fortunate prince,  joining  his  hands,  and  lifting  his  eyes,  cries 
out,  0  God!  what  have  I  done  to  deferve  this  difgrace  ?  Curfed 
be  the  traitor  who  is  the  occajion  of  it.  But^  fxnce  'tis  Cod*s 
flepfure  thus  to  difpofe  of  me,  his  will^  and  the  king*s,  he  done^ 
He  had  fcarce  time  to  utter  the  words,  before  Bebut  gave  him 
Xyn>  ftabs  with  a  dagger,  and  laid  him  dead  on  the  place.  The 
body  was  dragged  to  a  fen  not  far  off,  where  it  continued  above 
four  hours. 

When  the  news  of  this  murder  was  brought  to  the  city,  Diftrac^ 
the  people  ran  in  multitudes  to  the  palace,  threatening  to  force  timsthere* 
the  gates,  unlefs  the  authors  of  it  are  delivered  to  them.    The  ^t^* 
prince's  mother,  underflanding  that  he  had  been  flain  by  the 
fhih's  order,   ran  to  his  apartment ;   and,   regardlefs  of  his 
furious  difpofition,  not  only  reproached  him,  in  fevere  terms, 
with  inhumanity,  but  flew  upon,  and  beat  him  with  her  fifts. 
j^bbhj  inftead  of  being  angry  with  her,  was  at  a  lofs  what  to 
iay  for  himfelf.     Bat,  at  laft,  with  tears  in  his  eyes,  fpoke 
thus :    What  would  you  have  had  me  do  ?   news  was  brought 
me^  that  he  had  a  dejign  upon  my  life,    7T)ere  is  now  no  remedy  : 
nvhat  is  done  cannot  be  recalled.    In  effeft.  Shah  Abbdf  himlelf 
had  no  fooner  heard  of  the  execution,  than  he  repented  of  h^ 

*  Olear.  Trav.  intoPeriia,  l.vi.  p.  351. 

(  Q^)    Ta'vtmier    calls    this  ufM^j  concealed  his  difpleafu re ;  ' 

prince  Sofi  Mirza ;   and  fays,  but  that,  as  foon  as  he  had  a  fon 

that  the  people*8  love*  gave  his  by  a  {lave,  he  ordered  firft  his 

father  jealoufy ;  which  was  aiig*  eyes  to  be  pat  out,  and  then  his 

mented,  by  his  drawing  the  iirft  head  to  be  cut  ofF;  which  he  af- 

•rrow  at  a  boar ;  it  being  a  ca-  terwards  lamented.    TavernierM 

pital  crime  to  (hoot  before  the  Perfim  tnycUf  L  v.  ch.  i. 
kings  that,  being  his  only  fon, 

rafhneis. 

Digitized  by'vjiU\.7VlV^ 


Hijtinry  of  the  Shdhj  reigning  in  PcrCa.     B.  VH. 

rafhncfe.    He  fliut  hiinfelf  up  for  tea  days,  with  a  handker- 
chief over  his  eyes,  that  he  might  not  fee  the  light;  lived  a 
^  whole  month  on  very  fpare  diet ;  went  in  mourning  a  whole 
year ;  and  ever  after  wore  no  clothes  which  mig^t  diftinguiih 
him  from  themeaneft  of  his  fubjefts  (R).    He  likewife  caufcd 
the  place  where  the  prince  was  killed  to  be  made  a  fanftu- 
ary*. 
LorJs  poi'      The  firft  ten  days  of  his  mourning  being  over,  he  removed 
J$Mnl,        from  Rejht  to  Kajvtn  \  where  he  invited  the  khans,  whom  he 
any  ways  fufpefted,  to  .a  feaft,  with  the  flatterer  who  had 
made  hlin  jealous  of  his  fon :   and  caufmg  poifon  to  be  mixed 
with  their  wine,  few  them  all  die  in  his  prefence  (S).     The 
action  o(  BeMt  Beg  was  indeed  rewarded  with  the  office  of 
Dariga  of  Kafvtn^  and,  fome  time  after,  with  that  of  khan 
^of  K^er ;  but  the  next  journey  which  the  fliah  made  to  Kaf- 
vifiy  he  ordered  Beb^t  to  cut  off  his  own  fon's  head,  and  brii^ 
it  him.     The  khan  was  forced  to  obey ;  and  coming  back 
foon  after,  with  bis  fon's  head  in  his  hands,  Jbbh  aflced  him. 
How  he  did  ?   Jlas  /  rny  lord,  anfwered  Bebut,  I  think  I  ntal 
not  tell  you  :    I  have  been  forced  to  kill  my  only  fon^  whom  J 
loved  above  all  things  in  the  worlds  the  grief  of  which^  /yVtfr, 
wll  bring  me  to  my  grave.     The  (hah  replied.  Go  thy  wixySt 
Bebut,  and  confider  how  great  mt/fi  have  been  my  affiiElion^ 
when  tl^ou  brought cjl  me  the  news  of  my  fon's  deaths  whom  I 
ordered  thee  to  deftroy.     But  comfort  thyfelfy  my  fon  and  thine 
are  no  more ;  and  refleB^  that,  in  this  refpedf^  thou  art  equal 
with  the  king  thy  mqfter. 
Jcbiit  Not  long  after  this,  Bebut  ended  his  life,  on  the  following 

murdered,  occafion.  It  happened  that  one  of  his  domeftics  giving  him 
water  to  wafh  after  dinner,  according  to  cuftom,  poured  it  on 
fo  hot,  that  it  fcalded  his  hands.  This  fo  incenfed  the  new 
khan,  that  he  threatened  to  have  the  o&nder  cut  in  pieces. 
The  flave,  confidering  that  he  had  no  quarter  to  expeft  from 
a  mafter,  who  had  made  no  fcruple  to  murder  his  prince,  and 
his  own  fon,  confpired  with  fome  of  his  fellow-fcrvants,  and 
Icilled  him,  the  night  following,  in  his  drink.  Shah  Jbbas  was 
npt  troubled  at  the  lofs  of  fo  hateful  an  objeft ;  and  refolvcd 

«  Olear.  ubifupra,  p.  352. 

(R)  This  agrees  with  what  being  in  a  paflion^  with  y^Mrstf 
Herbert  obferves,  that,  in  162S,  .  Big^  he  (lew  him  with  his  own 
when  he  gave  audience  to  die  hsmd,  and  confifcated  his  efbte. 
Englijh  ambaiTador ;  he  was  giving  his  palace,  which  was  a 
drefled  in  a  plain  red  calico  coat,  very  fine  one,  to  the  Dxi^* 
quilted  with  cotton.  Voy.  torn.  III.  p.  35. 


(S)   Cbardin  mentions,   that 


oot 


Digitized  by 


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C.  4.  7.  Sbdb  Abbas  I. 

not  to  have  puniftied  the  murderers,  had  not  the  other  lords 
reprefented,  that,  if  they  were  not  made  examples  of,  none  of 
them  could  think 'himfelf  fafe,  after  once, giving  his  fervants^ 
any  threatening  language  ^ 

HERBERT,  who  travelled  into  Perjia  in  the  reign  of  Shah  Abbas, 
Jbbds,  gives  a  diiFerent  account  of  this  affair.  He  fays,  that  ^^  crueltj 
Jbb^  had  four  fons,  the  eldeft  Ifmaely  Soft  Mtrza,  Koda* 
bdnda  Soltdn,  and  Emangoli. .  The  two  firft  born  of  Cordina, 
daughter  of  Simon  Kh&n :  the  two  latter  of  Martha,  daughter 
of  Skander  Mtrza,  both  Georgian  Chriftians.  Ifmael,  giving 
jealoufy  by  his  delighting  in  arms,  was  poifoneJ.  Soji  Mirza 
(who  is  the  Sqfi,  or  Se/i,  of  Olearius),  although  extolled,  at 
firft,  for  revealing  a  confpiracy,  was  at  length  thrown  down, 
and  cruflied  to  death  by  a  kapiji.  Emangoli  (or  Jmhn  K4li), 
upon  being  told  by  a  witch,  that  he  fhould  not  live  long,  grew 
fearful  of  his  father's  temper,  and  died  of  melancholy.  Koda^ 
bdnda  Soltan,  furnamed  Sofi,  now  the  only  fon  living,  was  a 
prince  of  great  endowments ;  and  had  fignalized  himfelf  fo 
much  in  the  wars,  that  his  father  doated  on  him,  and  the 
people  admired  him  :  but  this  popularity  made  Jbbds  refolvc 
to  deftroy  him.  ' 

He  was  then  on  an  expedition  aqainft  the  Arabs ;  at  what  tvwards 
time,  falling  in  love  with  a  princefs  of  the  fame  nation,  \i(t  bis  fans. 
married  her,  and  had  by  her,  in  a  few  year?,  two  children, 
Soffi  and  Fdtima.     Now  Abbas  contrives  to  put  his  defign  in 
execution  againft  his  fon.    He  begins,  by  putting  to  death  Ma^ 
gar,  an  Arab,  the  prince's  tutor,  under  pretence  that  he  in- 
fufed  ambitious  hotions  into  him.     On  this  news,  the  prince, 
who*  was  then  at  war  againft  the  Uzbeks,  leaves  the  camp,  to 
know  his  father's  reafon  for  this  execution ;  and  is  furprifed 
to  hear  him  fay.  It  was  for  thy  rebellion.     Soffi  protefts  his 
innocence :    but  Abbas,  to  provoke  him,  aggravates  the  accu- 
&tion.     The  prince,  in  the  heat  of  his  diforder,  imagines  he 
law  Magar  ftrangling ;  and,  drawing  his  fword,  vows  to  re- 
icue  him.     His  father,  then  feeming  to  relent,  bids  him  lay 
afide  his  weapon,   and  walks*him  into  another  apartment;       ^iTt^L 
where,  after  a  while,  pretending  to  be  indifpofed,  he  leaves  /^ 
him,  - 

ABBAS  was  no  fooner  gone,  than  feven  men,  with  bow-  SafiV  dif^ 
firings,  enter  the  room,  by  a  trap-door,  and  attempt  to  feizc  traSion^ 
him.     But  the  prince,  though  unarmed,  kills  threp  of  them ; 
when,  being  out  of  breath,  they  faften  on  him,  and  fit  the 
ilring  to  his  neck.     At  this  junfture  the  fhah  coming  in,  or- 
dered them  to  bind  him,  and,  before  he  could  recover  hi^ 

^  Ol£ar.  ubi  fupra,  p.  353, 

fenfe8» 

*    ■  Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Hificry  ^the  Shdbs  reigning  in  Pcrfia.    B.  VH. 

fenfes,  deprive  him  of  ficht,  bv  drawing  a  red-hot  iron  before 
his  eyes.  All  d^reet  of  people  were  highly  enraged  at  this 
^  aft  of  cruelty.  The  prince  himfelf  grows  defperate ;  and, 
^u^Mr  '^  knowing  how  to  be  revenged  on  the  author  of  his  mi- 
hintfilf.  {i^^  choaks  his  own  daughter  Fatima^  at  a  vifit  flie  made  him 
in  prifon ;  thinking  that  way  to  afSift  his  father,  who  he  knew 
doated  on  her.  The  princefs  his  ^fe,  who  was  prefent,  ima- 
gined he  had  killed  his  child,  through  miftake,  for  fomebody 
clfe,  till  flic  perceived  him  groping  for  young  Soffit  in  order,  by 
deftroying  Wm  alfo,  to  deprive  his  ferfier  di  a  fucceflbr :  but 
the  mother  got  him  out  of  the  way^  The  prince  continued 
furious  for  two  days ;  and  the  third,  bdng  no  longer  able  to 
bear  his  misfortune,  he  put  an  end  to  it,  with  his  life,  by  %- 
dofe  of  poifon  '. 

We  have  been  the  more  particular  in  this  article  of  hiftory, 
to  let  our  readers  fee,*  that  natural  afFeftion  fways  not  more 
with  the  Pirjian  tlum  Turkijb  princes ;  and  how  litdc  cer- 
tainty there  is  in  the  accounts  wluch  are  brought  from  fondgn 
countries  by  travellers.  However,  let  which  will  be  in  ribc 
right  of  the  two  here  cited  on  this  occaiion,  'tis  certain  that 
Sain  Mirza,  afterwards  called  Sqfi  (whence  Herbert's  Sqffi), 
was  the  grandfon  of  Shah%^W4r,  and  fucceeded  him.  To  rc- 
'  turn  therefore  to  Olearius : 

fheJhSh\      Although  the  fliah  gave  fo  many  proofs  of  forrow  for  his 
jealoufy,     fon's  death,  yet  the  prince's  widow  could  not  but  believe  he 
had  a  defign  to  make  away  with  her  fon  Sain  Mirza.     So  that, 
for  a  long  time,  flie  kept  him  concealed,  and  would  not  fufftr 
him  to  be  brought  to  court,  although  his  grandfather  defigned 
him  as  his  fucceflbr ;  as  the  eyes  of  his  two  younger  fons  bang 
out,  they  could  not  afccnd  the  throne.     The  ftiah  was  re- 
ported to  have  had  a  great  afFeftion  for  the  young  prince ;  and 
yet,  left  the  vivacity  of  his  fpirit  fhould  revive  in  the  people 
the  afFeftion  for  him  which  they  had  for  his  father,  he  ordered 
opium,  about  the  quantity  of  a  pea,  to  be  given  him  every 
morning,  to  dull  his  fenfes ;  but  that,  inflead  thereof,  his  mo- 
ther made  him  frequendy  take  treacle,   and  other  antidotes 
againfl  the  poifon,  which  (he  fufpefted  might  be  given  him  *. 
lAxfiA-        About  this  time  was  conquered  the  kingdom  of  lir, 
iued.         comprifing  a  confiderable  part  of  the  province  oxPArs^  or  Pro* 
per  Perftay  which  had  been  erefted  into  a  fovprdgnty,  in  the 
He],  500.  year  of  the  Hejrah  500,  by  the  Kurds,    Thefe  took  it  from  the 
A.  D.     Jrabsy  and  held  it  till  the  year  1 61 2,  when  it  was  fubdued  by 
1106.     Al^ds  ';  who  having  feized  the  king,  put  him  to  death,  for 

«  H&RB£RT*s  Travels,  p.  173,  &  feqq.  ^  Oleai.  obi 

fupnu  <  D'HsRBEir.  p.  51 1|  art  Lir. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQI(^ 


C  4*  7.  Sbdb  AbMs  I.  445 

dferii^  idolence  to,  and  rcd^bing,  the  jkarawans  >vhich  palled    A.  D. 
th^tway''.  .    1594. 

While  Shah  Abb&s  was  in  KiUn^  Tam^ras  Khdn,  taking  ^■^■■y*'*^ 
advantage  of  his  ahfence,  entered  again  with  an  army  into  ^^rs  of 
Georgia^  and  recovered  all  thofe  places  out  of  which  he  had  been  ^^^^V^* 
forced.  Againft  him  were  fent  AH  Kili  Khtn^  Mohammed  Kh^ 
Kafaky  Mortufa  Kfiliy  khan  of  Taltfiy  and  feveral  othar  khwis; 
who  iMTOUght  word  back,  they  found  the  enemy  fo  advantageoufly 
pofted,  that  they  durft  not  fet  upon  him.  The  ibah  puniftied 
their  pretended.prudence  with  vdeath ;  aad,  next  year,  marched 
ihither  in  perfon :  protefting,  at  his  departure,  that,  if  he  came 
back  vid^orious,  he  would  fell  the  Georgians  at  an  abbas,  or 
fifteen  pence,  a  head.  .  Aocordiogly,  having  met  with  fuccefs, 
and  brought  off  a  great  number  d  prifoners,  at  his  return,  a 
ibidier  went  to  him,  with  two  abbas's  in  his  hand,  and  de* 
manded  tWo  handfome  young  maids  for  them,  which  the  king 
delivered  to  him.  About  this  time,  many  Georgian  Chriftians 
left  their  country,  to  fettle  in  JJ^ahan  1. 

C HARDIN  gives  a  more  particular  account  of  this  expe-  Tajr- 
ditipn  of  AhhAs  into  Georgia^  and  the  caufes  of  it,  from  the  muraz 
Perfian  hiftorians.     The  king  of  Kaket  (T),  named  Alexa>idery  ^i»gof 
had  three  fons,  and  -two  daughters.     The  eldeft  fon  David,  K*r^^» 
famous  for  his  courage,  and  misfortunes,  under  the  name  of 
Taym4ra^  (U)  KhAn,  given  him  by  the  PerftanSy  was  an  hoft- 
^e  at  the  court  of  Perfia,  and  educated  along  vA^^hhai  the 
Great y  who  was  nearly  of  the  fame  age.    As  foon  as  Alexander 
was  dead,  his  widow,  a  wife  and  beautiful  princefs,  named  by 
the  Georgians  Ketavdna,  and  Martina  in  the  hiftories  of  Per- 
fiap   wrote  to  Mohammed  KodabAndeh^   defiring  him  to  ferol 
TaywAraZy  to  fucceed  his  father,  and  accept  of  his  brother,  as 
hoftage  in  his  room.     TaymAraz  was  accordingly  difpatched  . 
for  Georgia,  after  taking  an  oath  of  vaflalage. 

SIMON,  king  of  Karthuel  {or  Karduel),  died  at  the  bc-laar«ab 
^ning  of  the  rdgn  of  Abbh,  leaving  the  prown  to  Luar?:ab,  ^H  ^f 
\i\%  eldeft  fon,  a  minor,    under  the  tuition  of  his  firft  mj- KarthjicI, 
nifter,  named  Mehrd  by  the  Gregorians,  and  by  the  Perjians 
MsrJd;  who  one  day  lurprifmg  the  king  in  private  with  his 
beau^ful  daughter,  on  fignifying  his  concern,  tmrzab  fwore 

k  Tmeira,  Hift,  Perf.  part  H.  c,  48.  ^  Olbakiub,  ubi 

jT)  Kaiety  a§  Hath  been  ob-         (U)  Chardin  writes  Taimuras 

f^^cd  before,    is  dne   of  the  Khan,   In  this  prince's  l^ers  10 

two  great  provinces  into  which  the  pope,  inferted  in  the  W/h-' 

Georgia  i$  iiwid^df  9iMd  fLardut/,  ria  ArvtfVfi  of  Gskmut   it  » 

4Mr  Marthuelf  the  other.  fpcUed  Theimurax. 


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Hifiorj  of  the  SbSbs  reigning  in  Perfia.    B.  VIL 

he  would  never  have  any  other  wife  but  her.    However,  the 
marriage  was  prevented,  by  the  queen,  and  ladies  of  the 
'  country,  wholleclared  they  would  never  pay  the  fubmiiEonof 
fubjefts  to  a  perfon  of  a  mean  family,  as  Mehru^s  daughter  was. 
The  king  allied  this  as  a  reafon  to  the  father  for  not  marrying 
her :  ^but,  as  the  Georgians  are  very  vindiftive,  he  was  ad- 
vifed  to  make  away  with  Mehr^,  to  prevent  his  revenge.     The 
defign  was  to  poifon  him,  at  a  banquet;  which  being  dif- 
covered  by  the  page  who  gave  him  the  cup,  he  rofe  up,  under 
pretence  of  going  to  the  vault,  and  made  his  efcape  to  Shah 
j^ibds,  who  was  then  at  J/pdhdn,  on  his  return  from  the  con- 
queft  of  Shirwdn. 
frovokes        MEHRU  told  the  Mh  his  cafe,  and  demanded  juffice  of 
Abbas,      him,  who,  he  (aid,'  was  the  true  fovereign  of  Georgia.    As  a 
flill  furer  way  to  be  revenged  of  Luarzab,  he  ufed  all  his  art 
to  inflame  y4bbds  with  love  for  that  prince's  fitter,  named  Da- 
rejfity  celebrated  for  her  beauty  by  the  Perjian  poets,  under 
that  of  Pehri.     Abbas  fent  ambafladors  to  demand  her.     An- 
fwer  was  returned,  that  flie  had  been  promifed  to  Taymuraz^ 
king  o(  Kaket.    The  fliah,  more  inflamed  by  this  refufal,  fends 
a  third  ambaflador ;  to  renew  the  demand,  writing,  at  the  ^me 
time,  to  TaymAraZy  not  to  tfpoufe  LuarxaV^ii^tx^  and  to  come 
to  court.     Luarzaby  provoked  at  thefe  repeated  and  haughty 
inftances,  abufed  the  ambaflador,  and  difmifled  him,  '^dthout 
A.  D.    further  anfwer.    This  was  about  the  year  1610 ;  at  what  tune 
i6io,     Jbb^,  not  being  in  a  condition  to  execute  his  defign  agaiuft, 
Georgia,  diflfembled  his  refentment ;  and  as  he  was  then  fendii^ 
a  Carmelite  miflioner  into  Europe,  to  excite  the  Chriftian  princes 
againft  the  Turks,  with  whom  he  was  at  war,  he  ordered  that 
frier  to  pafs  through  Georgia,  and  exhort  Tapn^raz  not  to 
join  "v^dth,  or,  in  any  fort,  aflift  his  eneipies. 
^heJhaVs      TATMURAZ,  either  through  credulity  or  fear,  did  as  be 
foUcy.        was  defired;  and  foon  repented  of  it.     For,  in  161 3,  Ahbus 
A.  D.    left  IfpAhdn,  with  a  defign  to  invade  Georgia :  but,  .as  he  was 
1613.     full  of  artifice,  he  treated  this  war  as  an  amorous  intrigue. 
He  faid,  that  Luarzab*s  After  loved  him,  and  had  written  let- 
ters to  him :  that  flie  had  even  been  {a-omifed  to  him :  and 
that  her  brother  was ,  perfidious.    At  the  feme  time,    he 
had  many  Georgians  among  his  troops ;  gave  penfions  to  fe- 
veral  of  the  great  lords  of  the  country;  and  corrupted  others 
every  day,  by  means  of  MehrH.    Some  of  the  chief  princes  of 
the  blood  had  turned  Mohammedans,  for  fake  of  governments 
.  and  places.    He  had  in  hofkge  two  (bus  of  Taym&raz^  and.a 
brother  and  After  of  Luarzab.    All  things  concurred  to  render 
theconqueft  ot  Georgia  eafy.    He  ju^ed  it  would  not  be  dif- 


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C.4.  7.  Sbdb  Ab\Ail. 

fieult,  as  matters  were  circumftanced,  to  fow  dmfions  among 
the  people,  and  make  the  kings  jealous  of  each  other.  With 
this  view,  he  wrote  to  Taym&raz,  that  Luarzab  was  ungrate- ' 
ful,  a  rebel,  and  a  fool:  that  he  was  refolved  to.  take  the 
crown  from  him :  and  that  if  he  {Xaymuraz)  would  dther  feizc 
or  kill  him,  he  fhould  have  the  kingdom.  He  wro^e  in^e 
fame  ftrain  to  Luarzab,  againft  Taymiira%%.  and>  at  the  fame 
time,  ordered  his  general  Lalla  Beg  to  enter  Georgia^  witK 
30,000  horfe,  and  lay  the  country  wafte  "'•^ 

The  two  kings  finding,  oh  an  interview,  that  their  rum  Tay- 
was  determined,  made  a  ftrift  league  j  ai^d,  to  cemeat  it  the  mu»^ 
ilronger,  Luarzab ,  in  earneft,  gave  the  admirable  Darejan  to  fi^'^^ 
TaymHraz :   at  which  news  j^bbds  was-  fo  enraged,  that  b^ 
fwore  he  would  kill  his  hoftages ;  and  haftened  his  march,  tp 
be  revenged  on  the  kings  who  had  ofFende;d  him,     Taym£ra%^ 
fedng  the  Perfian  general  approach,  and  that  part  of  his  noble? 
were  inclined  to  fubmit,  fent  his  mother  Ketav&neh^  or  Mari- 
may  to  Abbas y  who  was  ftill  at  Ifphharty  to  afk  pardon  for  her 
fon.     As  this  princefs  was  ftill  handfome,  though  not  youn^ 
Ah^&s  fell  in  love  with  her,  or  pretended  to  do  fo,  at  firft  fight, 
and  offered  to  marry  her,   if  fhe  would  turn  Mohammedan. 
On  her  refufal,  he  imprifoned  her,  in  a  private  houfe  (X),  and 
made  eunuchs  of  her  two  grandfons,  after  forcing  them  to 
change  their  religion.     This  done,  he  departed  for  C^^orjw, 

ABBAS  being  entered  the  country  with  his  army,  which  LuarzaV 
.daily  increafed,  by  the  acceiBon  of  Georgians ^  through  hope  offofes. 
or  fear ;  Luarzab  refolved  to  oppofe.him,  hoping  to  inclofe  the 
Perftans  in  the  woods,  and  there  deftrpy  them.    In  efFeft,  the 
ftiah  having  marched  twenty-five  leagues  forward,  Luarzab 
divides  his  troops  in  two  bodies,  and  fhuts  up  the  paflage  with 
heaps  of  wood,  in  fuch  fort,  that  the  Perfian  arncCy  could  nei-    . 
ther  get  forward  nor  backward.     Mehr4,  the  general,  per.- 
ceiving  the  king  greatly  furprifed,  as  if  he  thought  himfelf 
betrayed,  promifed,  in  three  days,  to  deliver  him  out  cf  th<5 
embarrafs,  on  forfeiture  of  his  head.   Accordingly,  he  ordered 
a  road  to  be  cut  through  the  wood ;  and  leaving  the  camp, 
-which  was  blocked  up  by  the  Georgians,  took  only  the  ca- 
valry.    Abbas  would  lead  them  himfelf;  and,  having  crofled 
the  wood,  fell  on  the  kingdom  of  Kaiet :  where  he  committed 

"  Chard.  Voy.  en  Perfe,  torn.  I.  p..  125,  &  fcq. 

(X)  She  continued  in  confine-  der  torments,  to  oblige  her  to 

0ient  feveral  years,  and  was  then  turn  Mohammedan^  by  order  of 

removed  to  Shirdx ;  where,  in  Shdh  Abbas, 
%  6a4*  flie  dicdy  as  'tis  faid,  un- 

great 

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Mifiorj  of  tbt  Sbibs  uigning  in  Perfia.    B,  VIL 

grett  cnidties^  fo  £u-  as  to  deftroy  the  trees  which  nourUhed 
tbeiilkworms ;  a  damage  not  to  be  retrieved. 

LUARZABy  on  ttus  news,  thlnkiog  all  loft,  fled  into 
MmgreUa :  bnt  Abb^^  knowing  his  conquefl  could  not  be 
thoroughly  fecurc,  while  the  kings  were  at  liberty,  wrote  him 
ft  fobthtng  letter ;  in  which  he  told  him,  that  be  had  no  reafoa 
to  fly,^fince  his  refentmcnt  was  againft  the  perfidious,  the  re- 
bel Taymuraz ;  and  that,  if  he  would  come  to  his  camp,  he 
vould  confirm  lum  in  the  pofleflion  of  Georgia ;  threatening 
Otherwife  to  deftroy  it  intirely,  with  fire  and  fword.  Ijuar* 
%ab^  to  prevent  this  ruin,  in  love  to  his  people,  repairs  to  Abbds; 
who  loads  him  with  favours,  and  fets  him  on  the  throne,  with 
the  greateft  folemnity.  This  was  to  deceive  the  Georgians^  and 
•Uure  them  to  fubmit  without  fighting.  Among  the  prefents 
be  made  the  king,  one  was  a  plume  of  precious  ftones,  which 
he  defircd  'him  always  to  wear  on  his  head,  as  an  enfign  of 
royalty. 
is  imfft"  Thb  day  on  which  Abbi^  left  Tiflts^  he  afked  Luarzab  to 
fimed,  accompany  him  to  the  firft  encampment.  Luarzab,  who  mif« 
tmfted  no  harm,  went ;  and  going  to  (ee  the  fh^,  without 
his  plume,  AbbAs,  who  had  ordered  one  of  his  guards  to  fteal 
it  from  Mm,  afked  him,  where  it  was  ?  the  king  anfwered* 
Somebody  had  ftolen  it.  Abbds,  feeming  provoked  that  he 
ftould  fay  it  was  ftolen  in  his  camp,  ordered  him  to  be  ar« 
refted ;  but  durft  not  put  him  to  death,  for  fear  of  exciting  a 
revolt  va  Georgia.  However,  he  fent  him  to  Mazdnder^,  m 
hopes  the  bad  air  would  carry  him  off.  That  not  having  the 
effeft,  he  was  removed  tp  Shirdz,  At  length  Abb&Sy  hearing 
that  an  ambaf&dor  from  the  czar  o(  RuJ/ia,  at  the  inftigados 
of  the  princes  of  Luarzab*s  party,  was  arrived  on  the  frontier^ 
to  folicit  his  deliverance ;  to  avoid  either  fetting  the  king  at 
.  liberty,  or  denying  the  czar's  requeft,  ordered  the  governor  of 
SMrdz  lb  make  away  with  Luarzab,  as  if  his  death  came  by 
accident.  It  was  pretended  that  he  fell  into  the  water,  when  a 
fifhing ;  and  Abbds,  in  reporting  this  affair  to  the  amoailador, 
feemed  much  concerned  at  that  king's  death. 
Tay-  The  brother  o£  Luarzab,  called  Bagrat  Mirza,  or  the 

nCiras  prince  royal,  who  had  before  turned  Mohammedan,  was  made 
re  efta*  governor  of  Georgia  in  his  room ;  and  an  ^rmy  left  to  oppofe 
hl\Jbid.  TaymAraz.  This  prince,  having  for  a  time  carried  on  the 
war,  by  means  of  lome  fmall  fuccours  fron^  the  Turks,  and 
neighbouring  ChrifHan  princes,  at  length  went  to  Conftanti- 
nople,  to  folicit  more  powerful  aid,  which  he  obtained.  A 
great  army  was  fent  into  Georgia,  which  gave  the  Perfianf  fc- 
veral  defeats,  and  le-eftabUfhed  Taymiraz  in  his  kingdom  of 


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C-  4.  7*  Sidb  AW)aJ.  449 

Kaket.     But  he  did  not  long  remain  there  (Y) :  for,  as  fooil    A.T>. 
as  the  Othman  forces  were  withdrawn,    Jbbds  returned  to     161 3. 
Georgia^  and  changed  the  face  of  affairs.     He  built  fortrefles^  v  ^^m..^ 
through  the  country,   which  he  filled  with  Perfians\   and  ^'*'*^'*. 
carried  avvay  above  fourfcore  tboufand  families,  moft  of  whom  ^^  ^<g^** 
he  tranfplanted  into  the  provinces  of  MazdnderAtty  Armeruaf 
Azerbejdtiy  and  P&rs^  or  Proper  Perfia ;  fettling  in  their  room 
Perfians  and  Armenians.     However,  to  reconcile  thcfe  people, 
if  poffible,  by  lenitives,  he  came  'to  an  agreement  with  them, 
on  oath,  for  him  and  his  fucceflbrs.  That  the  country  Jbould  . 
not  he  charged  'with  taxes ;  nor  their  religion  changed :  that 
their  churches  Jhguld  not  he  demolijbed^  nor  mejkis  bulk  there  .• 
that  their  viceroy  Jbould  be  a  Georgian,  of  the  race  of  theif 
kingSy  hut  a  Mohammedan  ;  and  that  one  of  his  fons,  fuch  as 
would  change  his  religion,  Jhmld  have  the  poji  of  governor  and 
grand  provots  o/Ifpahan,  till  fuch  time  as  he  fucceeded  his  fa'- 
ther.     After  this,  the  Georgians  were  quiet  during  the  reiga 
of  Abbas  ». 

Much  about  the  fame  junfturc,  4hlfds  received  letters  from  SligMii 
Bikirkeha  (Z),  commander  of  the  garrifpn  of  BAgbd^y  vAiO^  taken* 
diflatisfied  with  the  Othman  court,  for  refufmg  him  the  go- 
vernment k£,  that  city,  on  the  death  of  the  pjUha,  whofe  lieu-  . 
tenant  he  was,  pnofFcred  to  deliver  it  up  to  the  ftiah.     Abbas^ 
on  this  propofal,  immediately  maiched  that  w^y,  with  a  good, . 
army :    but,    before  he  arrived  thither,    Bikirkeha^    having 
changed  his  mind,  fent  him  word,  that  hq  had  only  powder 
and  ball  at  his  fervice.     The  ftiah  was  fo  provoked  at  the  af- 
fix>nt,  that  he  vowed  not  to  return  without  taking  Bhghd&d^ 
though  it  fhould  coft  him  his  life,    Accordin^y,   having 
paded  the  ditch,  after,  a  fiege  of  fix  months,  and  fprung  a 
mine,  at  which  work  the  Perfians  are  very  expert,  he  caufed 
an  aflault  to  be  given,  and  took  the  city  by  florm.     Bikir^^ 
kfiha^  being  found  among  the  prifoners,  wa^  fewn  up  in  a  raw 
ox-hide,  and  placed  near  the  highway,  till  the  hide  ihrinking 
\y^ith  the  heat  of  the  fun,  put  him  to  a  painful  death.    But 

*  Chard,  ubi  fapra,  p.  127,  5c  feqq« 

(Y)   In  Galanus  his  Hiftoria  miffioner  Awtaiilis  fays,  he  at 

Armena^  we  have  letters  from  length    gave   Shah  Ahhds    hii 

Theimuraz,  or  Tajmuras,  to  the  daughter  in  marriage,  and  Tub- 

pope ;  in  one  of  which  he  fays,  mitted  to.  pay  tribute.     Ibid.  p. 

that  his  country  had  been  under  t68. 

the  Perfian  tyranny,  grievoufly        (Z)  Perhaps  &'/b>,  or  Btkr 

karrafled  from  1614  to    1628.  Kjehtp^a^ 
Hift.  Armen.  p.  142.     And  the 

Mod.  Hist.  Vot.  V.  Ff  his 


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450  Hiftory  of  the  Sbdbs  retgHifig  in  PerCa.     B.  VII. 

A.  D;    hft  fim,  making  it  appear  that  he  was  not  conceitied  in  his 
1613.     falHcr*s  oftncc,  had  the  govcmment  of  Shiraz  bcftowed  upon 

y^^Turki  The  year  foltowing,  the  OthnUin,  emperor  ordered  Hafii 
haffiid.  Mmed  P&Jb^  to  lay  fiegc  to  Bdghdad:  but  Abbds  forced  him 
to  raife  it,  and  contimicd  eight  months  in  fight  of  the  Turkifti 
army ;  ^>  being  much  diminifhed  ^by  ficknefs,  as  not  fo  able 
to  endure  the  heats  as  the  Perfiatts^  Hafis  was  obliged  to  re- 
treat to  Cbnftdntin9pU.  The  (hah|  at  his  return  from  this 
expedition,  began  to  build  Ferabady  in  the  province  rf  MazSn- 
dsrdrty  on  occafion  of  a  village  named  Tahonay  fituated  on  a 
pleafant  river,  which,  not  far  from  thence,  fells  into  the  Cafpian 
fea.  • 

■J  ^  g^  The  above-mentkmed  viftory  procured  the  (hah  only  two 
wrilrow.  J^^  ^^  *  ^  *^  foltan,  defirons  to  recover  B^bdidy  fent 
*  Khaitl  Pdjbky  With  an  army  of  500,000  mai,  to  fubdue  it. 
Abb^^  ordered  Karchugay  Kh&n  Xo  march  to  the  reUrf  of  the 
place,  with  a  finall  but  chofen  brigade,  while  he  followed  him- 
'  fetf  with  the  reft  of  his  forces.  The  Perjian  general,  ad- 
tancihg  XQ  meet  the  Tvrksy  harraflfed  them  with  continual  fldr- 
nlUbes  for  fix  months  together ;  and,  when  he,  had  fuffidently 
tired  thefn,  at  laft  gave  KhaM  batfle ;  and,  defeating,  forced 
him  tb  fly  as  far  as  Neched,  On  the  firft  news  of  this  viftory. 
Shah  y#*^i  left  Bighdddy  to  meet  Karchugay  Khan ;  and,  when 
ntttf,  alighting,  faid  to  him,  ^  deareft  aga,  by  which  name 
he  always  c^ed  him,  I  have,  hy  thy  care  and  conduEiy  cb- 
taihedjb  nobka  vi&oryy  that  Iwmddnot  have  d)efired  a  greater 
of  God:  c6mey  get  upon  my  h&rfe :  'tis  fit  I  JbmM  he^  thy 
lackey.  The  general  was  fo  furprifed  at  this  d^courfe,  tha\ 
he  thfew  himfeif  at  his  feet,  hitreating  his  majdly  to  look  ou 
ifem  as'Ws  (lave ;  and  not  expoft  him  to  the  derifion  of  every 
body,  byd^ng  him  an  honour  which  he  could  not  poffibly 
defetve.  However,  he  was  forced  to  mount,  the  king  anddi 
Iflians  foUcywing  on  foot  only  fevea  paces* 

S«AH  Abhds  had  many  other  wars  agahift  fbe  Tttrks^ :  bat 
the  moft  fignal  viftory  he  ever  obtained  over  his  enemies,  was' 
the  reduftion  -of  the  city  of  Orm&Sy  v^hich  he  tdok  from  the 
Portuguefe  fix  years  before  his  death  o. 
lj!e  ofOt'  Tttfi  kingdom  of  OrmHiZy  or  rather  Horm^Zy  was  ftirmerly 
.  m&z,  a  dominion  of  pretty  large  extent,  lituate  on  the  co;;Jl  oif 
Kcrmm  and  PhrSy  where  it  firft  began,  fome  time  after  the 
year  of  Chrift  1000 ;  and  continued  under  a  race  of  kings  for 
aboot  600  yearsj  of  wliom  we  (hall  give  the  hiftory  in  the 
next  volume  P :  but,  by  degrees,  it  fell,  to  decay;  fo  that  it» 

5^  OtBAR.  ubifup.  ^P.  65. 

5  bounds 

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G.  gy  y.  ShSb  Abbas. 

bounds  wo-e  rednced  to  thofe  of  the  ifland  of  Orm&s,  and 
ibme  other  ifles  adjacent  to  it,  in  1507,  when  it  was  taken 
from  its  Jdng  by  the  Portuguefes  *,  from  whom  Shah  v^^^^x 
took  it  in  162a,  by  the.  affiftance  of  the  EngHJb^  who  joined 
them,  on  the  following  occafion. 

The  Portuguefes^  who  bad  always  difturbed  the  Engliflf  tahnfrom 
trade  in  the  Eafi  Indies  from  the  time  they  firft  failed  thither,  the  Portu- 
were  refolved  alfo  to  obftruft  their  commerce  in  the  Perjian  Z^^^^» 
gulf ;  whither  fome  fliips  arriving  in  1 62 1 ,  they  were  attacked 
by  Ruy  Frera  de  Andrada,  and  forced  to  return  to  India  with 
the  lofs  of  their  chief  commander  Andrew  Shilling,  Ther^ 
having  augmented  their  naval  force,  from  two  ftiips  to  nine, 
they  fet  out  again  for  the  Perfian  gulf;  and,  being  come  to 
Kujiaki  are  informed  by  their  faftor,  that  the  king  of  Perfia 
was  at  war  \\dth  the  Portuguefes :  that  his  forces  had  beett 
fevea  months  befieging  a  caftle,  which  Ruy  Freray  on  hear* 
ing  of  the  fliah's  defign  againft  OrmAsy  had  built  on  the  ifld 
of  K^bmehy  or  Ki/homy  to  fecure  the  water  with  which  Ormkt 
was  fupplied  from  thence ;  and  that  the  Perfian  general  re- 
quired the  affiftance  of  the  Englijh  againft  the  Portuguefesy  as 
their  common  enemy,  in  cafe  they  expefted  to  trade  in  Perjia. 

The  captains  tVaddely  Blythy  and  IVoodcocky  finding  them^  htteVtr^ 
felves  at  this  dilemma,  and  that  they  could  have  no  fafe  com*  aan  tfrwijf, 
merce  in  the  gulf  while  the  Portuguefe  had  the  dominion  thfere, 
repaired  to  the  camp  of  Imam  Kult  Khhny  viceroy  of  ShVrhz^      4„    -  * 
the  chief  commander  in  the  expedition ;  and,  having  obtained 
very  advantageous  conditions  for  the  Englijh  nation  (A),  in 
January  1622  failed  to  Ki/hmeh  y  v/herc,  befieging  the  cafUe 
by  fea,  and  lending  fome  aid  on  (hore,  it  was  ftirrendered  in 
fix  days  by  Ruy  Freruy  who  was  fent  prifoner  to  Surdt,  along 
with  thr^  of  the  fleet.     The  other  fix  fliips  went  to  Orm^i, 
where  the  Perfians  landed  the  9th  of  February y  '  and,  with 
fmall  lofs,  got  poflfeffion  of  the  town ;  while  the  Englijh  fleet  and  Eng* 
battered  the  Portugueje  gMeonSy  five  of  which  they  fank  during  liltkj^ifs. 
the  fiege,  which  lafl:ed  ten  weeks.     The  17  th  of  Marchy  a 
breach  being  made,,  by  blowing  up  part  of  the  caftle-wall,*the 
Perfians  nade  an  attadc ;  but  were  repulfed,  with  confiderable 

(A)  I.  The  caftle  of  OrTms,  powder,  fefr.    5.  The  Englijh  to 

with  all  the  ordnance  and  am-  be  cuftom-free  for  ever  in  Eai* 

munition,  to  go  to  the  Englijh.  der  Gomrun,     But  the  Ferjiams 

2.  The  Perfians  to  build  another  did  not  keep  their  agreement 

caftlfc  in  the  ifle,  if  thcypleafed.  with  the  EngUjhy  who  had  no 

j.Thcfpoil to beequally divided,  more  than  20,000  pounds  al- 

4.   The  PtrfMJis  to  be  at  half  lowed  for  their  fervicc, 
<harges  for.  wagC5,    provifion,  « 

'  F  f  2  lofi 

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Hiftory  of  the  Sbdbs rdgmn^  inVtx^vA.   B.VII. 

lofs  (B).     After  this,    three  breaches  more  beiog  made  by 
mines,  on  the  1 8  th  of  Jpril  the  general  gave  an  aflault  with 
'  all  his  forces,  and  gained  part  of  the  caAle  :  fo  that  the  Por* 
tuguefes^  being  hard  prellcd,  furrendered  the  place,  with  them- 
felves,  to  the  Englt/bon  the  2 1 A ;  in  all,  2600  men ;  the  cannon,  m 
number  an  bundled  and  fomteen,  53  pieces  mounted,  and  92 
of  brafe  unmounted,  were  left  to  the  Perfians ;  excepting  10  of 
the  latter,  which  the  Englijh  took  to  fupply  thofe  which  were 
damaged  in  the  expedition.    The  king  of  OrmuSy  Seyd  Moham- 
mcd  ShShy  an  j^rab  of  MaJlAt,  whom  the  Portugue/es  had  lately 
raifed  to  that  poor  dignity,  with  a  penfion  of  140,000  rials,  was 
delivered  up,  with  ail  the  MohammcdofiSy  to  the  Perfians^, 
Abbas       '    About  the  end  of  the  yeai*  1629  (rathei*  1628)  Abbas  took 
/mils  /kJk    *  iourt)cy  to  FerabdJf  in  the  province  of  Mazanderan^  which 
"^  wis  the  place  he  moft  delighted  in  :  but  be  there  fell  fo  ill, 

that,  fending  for  four  of  the  chief  lords  of  his  council  (C)  to 
bis  bed-fide,  he  told  them,,  that  it  was  his  will  that  his  grandfon 
Sain  Mirza  fhould  fucceed  him  in  the  throne,  and  aflume  his  fa- 
ther's name.  When  they  mentioned  the  prediftion  erf"  the  aftolo- 
gers,  that  he  fliould  reign  but  eight  months  at  moft  ;  the  fluh 
made  anfwer.  Let  him  reign  as  long  as  he  can,  though  it  was 
.  "  '  but  three  day^  :  it  will  be  fome  fat isf anion,  to  me^  to  be  afftred 

that  hefball  one  day  have  on  his  head  the  crown  which  was  due 
to  the  Prince  his  father, 
0tiddfes^  As  it  was  conceived  that  fome  poifon  had  been  given  him, 
Jiis  phyfician  ordered  him  the  hot  bath  for  eight  days  toge- 
ther, and  a  bath  of  cows  milk  for  four  days  more  :  but  thefe 
remedies  availing  nothing,  he  prepared  for  death,  and  ap- 
pointed where  he  would  be  interred,;  yet,  that  the  people 
ihpuld  not  know  it,  he  ordered  his  funeral  ceremonies  to  be 
performed  at  three  different  places  at  once ;  viz.  Ardebtl^ 
Mafhhady  and  JSaghtldd  {£>),  The  general  opinion  inourau- 
,.  .  thor's  time  was,  that  his  body  was  conveyed  to  the  laft  dty, 

4^nd  thence  to  the  Nechef  of  Kufa,  near  the  fepulchre  of  Jli : 

'  PuRCB.  pilgr.  vol.  ii.  p.  1785.    Herbert  Trav.  p.  iij, 

( B)  Monaxff  ^  ffigiijh  agent,  Qtnvojrh',  the  lord  highr  ftewtrdt 
whofe  account  of  the  Ormus  af-    and  Yuftf  Aga^  the  chief  chtm- 

.fair  is  given  by  Pur<hast  vol  ii.  berlain. 

.p.  1793.  reprefents  the  Perjians  (D)  Herbert  fays,  it  wis  re* 

:  at  that  time  as  wretched  folaiers,  ported  that  bis  heart,  bowels, 

without  either  courage,  difd-  and  body,  were  feparated,  and 

pline,  or  the  lead  notion  of  the  buried  at  Masjed  AU^  near  Eufe^ 

art  of  war.  Kajbiu^    and  ArdevU ;   or,   as 

(C)  Vi%.  Ifa  Khan,  ktvchi-  others  faid,  at  ATomt,  for  chatfeir 
baftii ;  Seyoi  Khdny  tufhmaj,  or  knew  the  certainly^  Txainds, 
counfeltor  of  ftatc;  ^wAr  Bez%  p.  ao$. 

fcr 


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C/4.  7.  Sbdb  Abbls. 

For  that,  going  to  Kiifa,  after  the  reduftion  of  BdghdMy  and 
looking  at  the  NechefyhtfzxAy  he  had  never  fecn  a  more  delight- 
ful place,  and  that  he  fhould  wifh  to  be  there  interred.  He 
ordered  that  his  death  fhould  be  concealed  till  his  grandchild 
was  fecured  of  the  fucceffion :  and,  the  better  to  effirft  it,  di- 
refted  that  his  body  fhould  be  expofed  every  day  in  the  hall  ^f 
jufKcc,  feated  in  a  chair  of  ftate,  with  the  eyes  open,  and  back 
to  the  hangings ;  behind  which  flood  T^fef  Aga^  who  from 
time  to  time  lift  up  his  arm  with  a  filken  firing,  by  way  of 
anfwer  to  the  matters  propofed  by  Temdtr  Beg,  on  behatf  of 
thofe  who  were  at  the  other  end  of  the  hall.  By  this  arti- 
fice, his  death  was  concealed  for  the  fpace  of  fix  weeks  9. 
According  to  Herbert,  Shah  Abb^  died  at  Kajhin,  in  the  year  . 
1 628,  juft  at  liis  departure  from  the  court ;  aifter  he  had  lived 
feventy  years,  and  reigned  forty-three  (E)  over  Perfidy  and  fifty 
as  king  of  Heri  ^  (or  HerAt,  capital  of  Khorajfhn). 

The  Perjians  have  a  high  veneration  for  Shah  Abb&s^  and^'^^^^^ 
fpeak  of  him  as  the  greatefl  prince  their  Country  has  had  for  ^^• 
many  ages  pafl :  nor  can  this  be  denied,  if  fuch  inflances  of 
cruelty,  as  we  have  mentioned,  were  flruck  out  of  his  chara- 
fter.  He  was  wife  and  valiant,  famous  for  great  yiftories,. 
and  extending  his  dominions  on  all  fides  towards  the  Indians, 
'  Turks,  and  Tatars.  He  had  a  great  fenfe  of  the  miferies  of 
the  poor,  and  took  a  particular  care  for  their  fubfifleilCe.  On 
this  occafion,  it  was  ufual  with  him,  after  leaving  any  city, 
to  return  incognito  \  aad;  going  to  the  market,  examine  their-  , 
weights,  the  goodnefs  of  the  bread,  and  other  provifions,  fe- 
verely  punifhing  fraudulent  dealers.  At  JrdebU  he  ordered  a 
rich  baker  to  be  put  alive  in  a  red-hot  oven,  for  refufing  to 
fell  bread  to  the  poor;  under  pretence  thjit  he  was  obliged  to 
keep  it  for  Abbas  and  his  foldiers,  who,  as  he  feid,  could  never 
be  fatisfied.  "^ 

He  commanded  a  butcher  (F)  to  be  faflened  by  the  back  to  Care  for 
the  hooks  on  which  he  hung  his  meat,  for  ufing  falfe  weights,  thej^oor. 

He 

«  Olear.  p.  354.  »  Herbert,  p.  106/177. 

(E)  Olearius  fays,  he  died  in    ing  bought  fix  pounds  of  roaft 
1 6  9,  when  he  had  lived  (ixxy^    meat  at  a  cook's,  and  finding  it 

'three  years,  and  reigned  forty-  wanted    fort/'three    drams   of 

five.    But  that/AfrAfrf  is  right,  the  weight,  he  ordered  him  to 

as  to  the  years  of  his  reign,  ap-  be  roafted  on  a  fpit,  in  the  mar* 

pears  from  the  chronology  ;  and  ket,  near  the  oven  in  which  the 

th«  y^ar  of  his  death  is  con-  baker  was  baled,    whofe    fix 

firmed  by  CharMn,  and  ^others,  po  jnd  of  bread  wanted  5  7  dramt  • 

(F)  Tavirnier  (zys,  that,  hav-  He  was  going  to  pat  to  death 

F  f  3  tb« 


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Google 


Hiftory  of  tbi  Sbibs  ragning  in  Perfia.    B.  VH. 

He  took  a  plcafure  in  beftCywmg  in  alms  the  fums  which  aroTe 
from  pablic  places ;  becaufe  he  believed  difpofing  in  that  man- 
^  ner  of  the  money  taken  from  the  people,  was  not^Jicceptable 
to  the  Deity.  He  could  not  endure  thofe  judges  who  took 
»  bribes ;  and  feverdy  punifhed  fuch  as  were  gnllry  of  ii^uitice 
or  oppreffion.  Coining  to  underftand  that  a  kaai  of  IJ^Ahin^ 
after  he  had  taken  pr^ents  with  both  his  hands,  to  the  valae 
of  about  fcventy  pounds  from  each  party,  would  have  ad^^fed 
them  to  accommodate  the  matter  between  themfelves ;  he  or- 
dered the  offender  to  be  fet  on  an  afe,  with  his  face  to  the  tail, 
which  ferved  him  for  a  bridle,  and  his  robe  to  be  gamiflicd 

•  with  the  intraib  of  a  (heep  newly  killed  ;  and,  in  that  equi- 
page, to  take  feveral  turns  round  the  meydan,  while  an  c^ccr 
cried  before  him,  that  fuch  was  to  be  the  punUhment  of  a 
coh-upt  judge  •. 

Se*v$re  ABBAS  was  too  fevere ;  but  generally  his  executions  were 

'jyjfice.       the  puniftiments  of  injuftice  and  oppreffion.  The  grand  mafter 
of  the  ordnance  was  a  perfon  jealous  even  to  fury :  for,  if  any 
one  in  the  neighbourhood  appeared  on  the  terrace  of  his  bouii^ 
as  is  cuftomary  during  the  hot  da^'s,  that  officer's  enncchs, 
who  feejned  to  be  on  the  watch  io  all  parts  of  the  garden, 
flew  him  with  a  mu(ket,  under  pretence  that  he  might,  from 
hi$  terrace,  look  in  the  women's  apartment  of  their  mafter's 
palace.     Complaints  being  made  of  this  to  the  ftiah,  he  bade 
'  the  grand  mafter  take  care  what  he  did,  and  to  keep  his  wives 
locked  up  in  their  chambers  in  the  night  as  well  as   day, 
if  he  was  afraid  the  eyes  of  his  neighbottrs  would  dtfcover 
/tkem  :  but  this  advice  was  not  regarded  by  the  grand  mailer. 
7hi  inm^  Ofie  of  the  king's  officers,  who  unfortunately  lodged  near  itis 
tint  fU'    '  jealous  fury,  happening  at  nigjit  to  take  the  ^  on  the  terrace, 
nijhed.       ^n^^  killed  ih  the  manner  above-mentioned.    fTis  family,  upon 
this,  gp  in  a  body  to  Shah  Aibds^  to  demand  jufUce ;  iod, 
reprefentlhg  that  there  were  witneflcs  at  his  pdace*^te,  who 
could  prove  that  more  than  twenty  people  in  the  netghbour- 
liood    had   been  murdered  in  the  fame  manner,    the  king 
was  exceedingly  enraged  ;  and  (aid  to  fome  who  were  in  wait- 
ing, Go,  hinjhat 'inad  dog,  his  wives,  children,  and  domeftics ; 
ict  net  onefiul  ofr  that  accurfed  brood  remain  alive.  Which  fen- 

•  Oli^ar.  ubi  fupra,  p.  356.  See  alfo  Tavern.  Trav^  I.  v. 
I  e  «.  p.  ijo J. 

•  .       « 

.    4he  governor  of  the  city,  .and  poor;  and  indeed  Uiat  would 

.^ree  or  f)ur  officers  moce,  for  have  been  the  eSeftual  way  19 

Aiilerlng  fadi  eppfc/Tors  of  tite  preytat  faeh  e:vib« 

*  '  *•  ^  tfeDce 

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C.  5.'  7.  SIM  Abbas.  455 

tence  was  executed  that  ioftant,  and  all  the  bodies  buried  j^    ^A-  B. 
a  ditch  jit  one  ead  of  the  garden '.  '62^. 

To  put  to  death  fo  many  iimocents  for  the  crimes  of  one  ^^3^^^^ 
guilty  perfon,  was  certainly  both  cruel  and.  unjuft :  but  .99-  ^fi^^^^ 
body,  we  prefume,  will  think  ill  of  the  exanfiple  which  he  ^^'^   ^  * 
made  of  a  certain  infamous  wretch,  who  ufed  to  kidnap  boys, 
hi  order  to  proftitute  them.     His  praftice  was,  to  ply  ail  day 
Ipng  at  a  certain  ftone  which  was  fct  in  the  ground ;  and,  when 
}^  faw  any  lad  whom  he  liked,  carried  him  off  with  agne^t 
deal  of  deKterity.     Having  kept  the  boy  all  night,  next  morn- 
ing, at  break  of  day,  he  carried  him  back,  and  left  him  in 
Ibme  bye-place,  that  he  might  wx  difcover  where  he  had  been  ' 

lodged.  JUdsy  being  informed  oi  this  diforder,  and  that 
neither  the  admonitions  nor  threats  of  the  people  i^  the  neigh« 
bourhood  were  able  to  put  a  flop  to  it ;  feat  fome  of  his  offi- 
cers to  feize  the  villain,  and  cut  him  to  {»eces  on  the  fame 
fione  whereat  he  watched  for  his  prey :  which  ftone  is  fiill  jro 
be  feen  at  the  entrance  c^  the  magnificent  karawin-&ray  built 
by  ^lat  fliah  at  IJp^dn  \ 

Scarce  any  puniftiment  could  be  too  great  for  fuch  a  mo^-  La^fy  hu-^^ 
Aer  :  but  that  which  follows  may  feem  too  cruel,  for  a  much  ^^^  M!i*ve^ 
worfe  occafion.  The  ladies  of  the  haram  never  go  abroad  but 
at  night :  they  are  ufually  canied  in  a  fort  oS  long  hampers,  pr 
cradles,  called  kajaveh,  which  is  about  two  feet  wi(k,  and 
three  deep,  with  an  arched  canopy  over  it,  covered  with  cloth. 
A  camel  <aiiTies  two  of  them,  one  on  each  fide  :  the  eumidis 
help  the  ladies  to  get  in ;  and  then,  drawing  the  curtains 
round  a|>out,  give  the  camels  to  the  guides,  who  faften  them 
l^  the  tail,  one  to  the  other,  feven  in  a  file,  and  leads  the 
firft  by  the  halter.  It  happened  one  dark  night,  while  the 
court  was  in  Maz^iderAn^  that  JbbAs^  who  travelled  with  his 
haram,  took  it  in  his  head  to  go  before.  In  his  palTage,  he 
met  with  a  ftfing  of  camel^  flopped  a  little  out  of  the  road,  i 

arid  a  kajaveh  leaning  on  one  fide ;  when,  coming  up  to  fet  it 
right  again,  he  found  the  camel-driver  in  It,  with  the  lady: 
at  which  being  enraged  as  well  as  furprifed,  he  commanded 
<4  them  both  to  be  buried  aliyc  on  the  Ipot.  Since  this  time, 
theladiss^  the  palace,  who  were  allowed  to  fee  the  public 
fpe^fhidies  wkhout  b^iug  feen  themiHves,  have  been  deprived 
of  that  privilege''. 

Shah  Abb6s  ftudied  all  ways  imaginable  to  eftabliftx  wealth  Attempts 
4ind  good  government  in  his  dominions.     As  he  was  a  prince  ^Abpa$ 
oi  great,  genius,  and  very  enterprifing,  in  confideration  that 

*  CHAftP/  lojn.  iii*  p.  59.  "  Ibid*  p.  45.  ^  Ibid. 

P>57- 

F  f  4  ^  P^rft^ 

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Hiftory  of  ibe  Sbdbs  reigning  in  Pcrfia.   B.  Vll. 

Perfia  was  a  barren  couQtry,  where  there  was  litde  trade,  and 
comequently  little  money,  he  refolved  to  fend  his  fubjefts  into 
^  Europe  with  raw  filks,  to  fee  what  profit  might  arife  &om  that 
commodity.  His  defign  was,  to  buy  up  all  which  was  produced 
in  his  dominions,  and  difpofe  of  it  by  his  £i6lors  :  at  the  fame 
time  he  thought  it  neceflary  to  engage  the  European  princes  in 
an  alliance  with  him  againft  the  Turks,  He  firft  fent  to  Henry  IV. 
of  France:  but  he  died  before  the  ambaflkdor  arrived*^  Three 
or  four  years  after,  he  fent  another  to  the  king  of  Spain^  accom- 
panied with  a  Per/tan  merchant,  putting  into  their  hands  a 
confiderable  quantity  of  filk.  The  merchant  would  have  fold 
the  fdk,  as  was  the  fhah*s  order,  and  bought  a  prefent  for  the 
king  :  but  the  ambaflkdor,  over-ruled  by  a  Portugue/e  Aujtin 
jfrier,  who  was  fent  with  them  to  be  their  guide  and  inter- 
preter, refolved  to  prefent  him  with  the  bales  of  iUk.  The 
king  of  Spain  thereupon  a(ked  him.  If  his  majier  took  him  for 
a  woman f  and  had  fent  him  fo  much  ftlk  to  fpin  ?  And  Shah 
Abbas t  on  his  return,  in  reward  for  the  ill  fuccefs  of  his  ne- 
gotiation, ordered  his  belly  to  be  ripped  up  in  the  public 
market-place. 
/#  fromoti  About  fifteen  years  after,  he  trufted  a  confiderable  quan- 
immr$e>  tity  of  filk  with  a  merchant's  fon,  of  Ifpahiin^  and  fent  him 
to  Venice.  When  he  came  there,  he  took  a  ftately  locking,  and 
lived  at  a  profufe  rate.  At  length  the  fenate,  getting  informa- 
tion who  he  was,  thought  fit  to  feize  both  him  and  the  goods, 
before  all  were  confumed,  and  fent  notice  to  the  king  of  Per- 
Jia ;  who  returned  a  moft  oblong  anfwer  of  thanks,  with  a 
merchant  to  receive  what  filk  was  left.  Shah  Abbhs^  perceivii^, 
by  thefe  trials,  the  litde  inclinadon  of  his  fubjeAs  to  trade, 
caft  his  eyes  on  the  Armenians  (G),  who  are  fober,  frug^, 
j^d  patient  to  endure  long  journeys ;  who  likewife,  being 
Chriftians,  were  more  fit  to  deal  among  Chriftians.  Ctf  thefe, 
he  chofe  the  moft  judicious ;  and  intrufied  with  each  a  good 
many  bales  of  fdk,  for  which  they  were  to  pay,  at  their  return, 
a  reafonable  rate,  impofed  by  the  fhah,  who  allowed  them  the 
furplus-gains  for  their  trouble  and  expences.  Thefe  people, 
}n  a  (hort  time,  became  fo  expert  in  all  branches  of  conmieree» 
that  at  prefent  they  make  voyages  to  Tong-king,  Java^  the  Phi- 
fi^^ine  pl^s,  and  all  parts  of  th^  eaft,  except  China^  and  Japan  *, 

»  Tavern,  Trav.  1.  iv.  c6.  p.  158. 

(G)  Chiefly  of  fu/fa,  ne^r    Abb^s;  but  our  author  fays  tBe 
Mdbdfty  whither  he  had  tranf-    charge  is  unjaft,  for  that  they  were 


jNa^ted  them  from  fu/fiz  in  Ar^  then  only  poor  labouring  mep ; 
ptenia^  PH  the  Arrds,  This  was  but  that  the  king  ianctied  them 
reckoned  ^n  aft  pf  (:r^«ity  \^    b/  commwcc. 


This 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


C.  4.  i.  Shib  Abb&s..  457 

This  prince  would  not  fufFer  any  Indian^  or  Banyan^  to    A.  D. 
live  as  a  trader  in  his  dominions;  and  with  very  good  reafon  t     1629. 
for  they  are  worfc  ufurers  than  the  Jews  ;  their  cuftom  being  ^— v**^ 
to  take  up  money  at*  nine  or  ten  ^er  cent,  for  the  year,  and  ^^PP^^J^* 
lend  it  out  again  on  pledges  at  two  and  half /^r  eenti  a  month.  ^^'"'** 
However,  they  crept  in  during  the  reigns  of  S^  I,  and  Jb-       * 
hds  II. ;   and,   fince  then,  all  the  money  of  the  kingdom  is 
commonly  in  the  hands  of  thefe  pawnbrokers,  which  before 
was  in  poflefGon  of  the  Armenians  of  Julfa.     This  ftiah  was 
not  only  defirous  that  all  the  commerce  fhould  be  lodged  in 
the  hands  of  his  fubjefts,  in  order  to  enrich  them,  and  draw 
money  into  the  kingdom ;  but  would  not  fuifer  it  to  be  tranf- 
ported  thence,  when  it  was  in.     He  faw  that  the  annual  pU-  and  fo* 
grimagcsof  his  fubjefts  to  Mekka  carried  out  abundance  oi'^^'g^P^^ 
his  gold  ducats  ;  and  therefore  endeavoured  to  divert  them  from  gf^^'^i^^* 
it,  by  eftabliftiing  one  at  home  at  Ti^j,  where  is  the  tomb  of 
Imam  Ridha^  or  Riza^  the  laft  of  the  twelve  imams,  who  was 
murdered^  there  ;  from  whence  the  place  has  the  name  of  Mq/b* 
hM^  or  the  jflace  of  martyrdom.     This  was  the  more  eafy  to 
be  done,  as  the  Perjians  had  always  a  great  veneration  for 
Riza ;  and  frequently  reforted  to  MaJhhM,  to  pay  their  deyo- 
tioas  at  his  fepulchre  ;  over  which  hangs  one  of  the  legs  of 
Mohammed's  camel,  efteemed  a  great  relick.     Abbas^  to  efFeft 
his  purpofe,  made  thfe*  pilgrimage  to  Tus  himfelf,  accompanied 
by  his  nobles ;  and,  at  his  return,  caufed  reports  to  be  fpread 
of  great  miracles  wrought  at  the  imam's  tomb :  ever  fince  which 
time,  Mekjia  has  been  lefs  vifited  by  the  Perjians  than  it  was 
formerly  ^. 

This  prince,  befides  building  Ferhabad  in  Mazanderdn,  2iS  Public 
hath  been  already  ^mentioned,  adorned  fcveral  of  his  other  'worism 
cities  with  magnificent  ftruftures.  Among  other  noble  works 
at  Ifp&hhny  he  built  the  royal  moflc  and  palace.  He  likewife 
^aufed  the  mountains,  thirty  leagues  from  thence,  to  be  cut 
through  at  an  incredible  expence,  in  order  to  augment  the 
Zender&dhy  which  runs  thro*  that  city,  by  turning  the  ftream 
of  another  river  into  it^. 

When  Abb^  afcended  the  throne,  Perfia  was  divided  among  m^  policy^ 
more  than  twenty  princes,  who  had  ufurped  their  territories, 
and  whom  he  was  obliged  to  reduce.  This  fhah,  to  prevent 
the  like  divifion  of  the  .l^ingdom  for  the  future,  by  d^rees 
(Jeftroyed  all  the  antient  families  ^  and,  to  render  himfelf  tho- 
roughly abfolute,  and  free  from  all  reftraint,  reformed  the 
troops,  who  were  a  check  upon  former  kings,  more  than  the 

y  Tavern.  Trav.  1.  v.  c.  z.  p.  202.  «  Chardin, 

^m.  iii.  p.  4.  20.  22. 

janizarifg 

Digitized  by  VjVjOQIC 


Hipry  of  the  Sldhs  nignlng  in  Pcrfia.    B.  VII. 

JAmxaries  are  at  prefeot  in  Turky.    Thde  families,  as  well  as 

the  troopt,  were  all  of  the  race  of  the  Kurchi,  who  are  thofe 

^  Turkmans f  or  Tatars j  (o  famous  for  their  great  invafions  and 

conquefts ;  aod  who  were  liaked  together,  for  their  mutual 

Ceicrvationi  in  fuch  a  mftooer,  that  they  might  be  falA  to 
vc  been  floafters  of  the  kingclom  (H).  Tlie  method  he  took 
to  deftroy  thdr  power,  was,  to  fill  his  court  aod  army  widi 
thoTe  peo{de  inhabiting  Georgia,  and  other  countries  on  the 
ndrth-weft  end  of  Perjta ;  fo  that,  as  their  power  iocre^ed, 
4hat  of  the  Kurchi  dlminidied.  Bat  he  did  not  put  the  finiflung 
Aroke  to  his  defign,  by  cutting  off  all  the  <:on(iderable  men 
of  that  ftock,  becaufe  he  fiood  in  need  of  their  affiflaace  in 
his  wars :  diat  work  was  refarvcd  for  Ms  fuccef&r  Si^^  who, 
•durif^  his  whole  reign,  made  torrents  of  blood  flpw  from  the 
chief  men  both  in  the  government  and  the  army  ^. 
iUs^fitt.  Shah  Abhds^  according  to  Herbert^  who  law  turn  at  an  au- 
dience at  Ferhah/kl,  was  <k  a  low  ftatore,  but  a  giant  in  po- 
iicy  :  lus  afpeft  quick,  hit  eyes  finail  aod  flaming.  He  had  a 
<  low  forehead,  smd  brows  without  hair ;  a  h%h  and  hawked 
Aofe,  a  Aiarp  chin,  and,  after  the  mode  of  Perfia,  beardlefs : 
^ut  his  muftachios  were  exceeding  long  and  thic±,  tunung 
downwards  K 

C  H  A  P.    V. 
Tbi  Reign  of  Safi  or  Sefi  I. 

WHILE  the  death  of  Ahb^s  was  concealed  at  Ferhah^,  by 
expofing  his  body  in  the  court  erf  juftice,  Zeynel  KMn 
m;ade  hafte  to  Ifpahan ;  anid,  taking  witli  him  Khofrew  Mirza 
Daruga,  of  that  dty,  went  to  the  apartment  of  the  princefs, 
piother  of  Sain  Mirza  (A),  called  Taberik  Kala ;  and,  after 
notifying  to  her  the  death  of  the  (hah,  intreated  her  to  put 
the  young  prince  (B)  into  their  hands.  The  mother,  who  had 
ftill  the  death  of  her  hulband  before  her  eyes,  believing  it  was 
only  a  contrivance,  and  that  they  had  an  order  from  his  grand- 
fetherto  murder  her  fon,  locked  hcrfelf  up  in  her  chamber ; 

•  pHAiLPiNftom.  i.  p.  2X0.  217.        ^  Hekb.  p.  206. 

(H)   Thefe  were    the   men,        (A)  Rather  5i^^a&/»i^l/^«^,  ac- 

t^owevcr,  to  whom 'his  family  cording    to  D'Herbelof^   in  kit 

'tnvcd  their  advancenicnt  to  the  biblioth.  orient,  art.  Safi.    5Ar 

'  ^hixofte  of  Pef^Jta  j  and  who,  for  Jinn  figniftes  RityaL 

their   Cervices,  were  honoured        (B)  Then  about  fixteen  yean 

wkkthe'r^d  cap,  whence  they  of  age. 

had  the  name  of  Kezil  bdjh. 

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Safi  I. 


C  5.  9.  SUh  Sefi  X  4^9 

and  made  all  the  pafTages  fo  fecure,  that  the  two  lords,  .b^g    A.  D. 

.  afraid  to  lofe  the  opportunity  of  executing  the  king's  will,     1^29* 
after  tfaey  had  lain  three  days  at  the  door,  fent  the  princefs  ^s*— V^ 

.  word,  that,  uoleis  ftiegave  tbeu  aco^,  they  fhould  be  forced 
to  break  k  open.  Upon  this  mefTage,  fhe  yielded  ;  and  deli* 
Tcred  to  them  the  prince,  with  thefe  words.  Go,  MJ,  to  tbjs 
fame  place  where  thy  father  is  :  here  are  the  murderers  rea4y 

•  to  difpatch  thee.  But,  when  Aie  faw  thoie  lords  proArate  them- 
ielves,  and  kifliog  the  prince's  feet  (C),  her  fright  was  changed 
into  raptures  of  joy  *, 

Froh  hence  the  lords  conduced  the  young  prince  to  the  His  inm- 
roy^  palace,  where  they  featcd  himln  the  divan  khaneh,  on  2l  gyration} 
ftcne  table,  on  which  were  as  many  carpets  as  there  had  becm 
kii^  of  PerJiA  of  his  family  :  for  every  king,  at  bis  comii^ 
to  the  crown,  has  one  of  thefe  carpets  ^called  kaUtie  adalet, 
or  cArpets  9f  jujlice)  made  for  him  ;  and,  baving  fent  for  all 
the  lords  who  were  about  JJp^dn,  they  crowned  him,  kifled 
his  feet,  and  wiihed  him  a  long  and  l^ppy  rdgn.  Immedi* 
ately  after  his  inauguration,  he  took  his  father's  name  of  Safi^ 
accordifig  to,the  defire  oi  Shah  Abb^ ;  and  beftowed  on  Kh9f' 
rev)  Mirza  the  dignity  of  khan^  with  the  name  of  Ruftam, 
which  is  that  of  one  of  th^  Perjian  heroes  celebrated  in  their 
hiftories  and  romances. 

It  is  i^eported  that  Shah  S^  (D)  came  into  the  world  with  bloody  ilf^ 
his  bands  bloody  ;  and  that  his  grandfather  Abbas  fhould  (t.y  pofition. 

.  on  the  occafion,  that  this  prince  would  often  bathe  his  hands 
in  blood.  Accprdmgly,  fays  Olearius,  till  the  time  of  our 
cmbafly,  his  reign  had  been  fo  fanguine,  that  Perjla  had  not 
foe  many  ages  before  feen  fo  many  executions :  for,  imme- 

.  diatdiy  op.  Ms  coming  to  the  crown,  he  followed  the  couiifel 
c^  the  chancellor,  and  miade  away  with  Ruftam  KhAu^  whopi 
lae  had  made  generaUiSmo  of  the  armies  of  PerJUy  and  go- 
vernor of  TiyBi,  with  feveral  other  lords.  IJc  likewife  flew 
mritfa  ius  own  hands,  or  ordered  to  be  killed,  all  his,  relations, 
iand  odier  perfons  whom  he  had  aay  fufpicioti  of. '  By  dus 
means,  he  fo  aocuftomcd  himfelf  i^  Idlli^  People,  that  iie 
niadeit  lis  practice,  oa  theilighteft  ooqiTi^Bi^  to  talg:  ^iw#7 

*  OLcaa.  Trav.  1.  vi.  p.  3§6y    Tafarm.  l.f.e.  i.  p,  i^j. 

(C)  At  the  iame  time  they  joyal.  robes,  tjieyfeth^n  on  the 

took, off  his  clothes,   and  tore  throi>e>    a^d  did  him  homag^e. 

^them,  which  is  a  mark  of  ipourn-  Ta'vernier, 

"ing  in  ferjia^  and,  according  to  (D)   He   Ihould.  hare  bcc« 

cuftom,'putonh'imatjdt)icfr|nain  iizm^i,  Suffaht   whidi  fignifics 

garment,  which   he    wore  tilt  hioody  in  AreiU^  inAead  ^f  ^igf, 

lxiidni{Vt;  Whta^pa«li^«n^i)B  ^Vf^^he^d^^  '  ■    -     • 

their. 


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their  Eves.     He  began  his  cruelties  by  an  only  brother,  tfe)' 
by  a  diffirrent  mother,  whoTe  eyes  he  caufed  to  be  pat  out. 
'  KhodabAndeh  and  Imam  KM  Mtrza^  his  uncles  (younger  Xxt- 
^'fi^*     thers  to  S^  Mirza),  whom  their  father  Shah  Jbbis  had  dc- 
br$ibiri.  •  p^vcd  of  nght,  and  imprifoncd  in  the  caftk  of  Almit^  as  be- 
fore rdatedy  were,  by  Sefi^s  order,  caft  headlong  from  a  high 
rock  ;  for  this  reafon»  he  (aid,  ihat^  having  loji  the  benefit  cf 
feeingj  they  were  of  no  nfe  in  the  world.     The  next  inftance 
<^  his  barbarity  was  in  the  perfon  of  his  uncle  Ifa  Khiny  and 
his  three  fons,  on  the  following  occafion : 
Puts  to  ISA  KhAn  was  (b  much  in  favour  with  Shah  Abbh^  that, 

death  to  demonftrate  his  efteem  for  him,  he  beftowed  on  him  Us 
daughter,  by  whom  he  had  the  three  fons  in  queflion.  TMs 
priiKefs  was  very  handfome ;  and  fo  agreeable  in  her  converfa- 
tion,  that  her  nephew.  Shah  Safiy  was  extremely  taken  vdth 
her  company.  Being  one  day  with  the  king,  (he  took  Ae 
freedom  to  tell  him,  "  fhe  wondered  that  he,  who  was  fo 
''  young  and  vigorous,  and  had  fo  many  great  beauties  to 
**  command,  could  get  no  children ;  whereas  (he  had  jhree 
"  already  by  her  huiband."  ^^  made  anfwer,  "  that,  hat- 
**  ing  many  years  to  rdgn,  he  hoped,  as  he  was  but  young, 
**  he  fliould  have  time  enough  to  get  heirs  to  inherit  the 
**  crown  after  him."  His  aunt,  dcfirous  to  carry  on  the  jeft, 
replied,  •*  that  ground,  not  well  cultivated,  rarely  brought 
"  forth  any  thing ;"  imprudently  adding,  **  You  fpeak  very 
"  well,  my  liege;  but  I  fear  me,  that,  after  your  deadi, 
**  the  Perjians  will  be  glad  to  pitch  upon  one  oi  my  fons 
**  to  fucceed  you."  The  ftiah  was  extremely  nettled  wvdi 
the  boldnefs  and  poignancy  of  the  repartee ;  yet  made  a  fluft 
to  diflembie  it,  and  get  from  the  room  without  the  piincefs 
perceiving  that  he  was  incenfed  againft  her.' 
bis  ne*  But  next  day  opened  a  dreadful  fcene  to  her  view,  for 

fhinvs  mndSefi  commanded   her  three  fons  to  be  brought  to  him,  the 
uncli.        eldeft  twenty-two  years  of  age,  the  fecond  fifteen,  and  the  third 
nine;  and,  having  conveyed  them  into  a  garden,  ordered  thdr 
heads  to.  be  cut  off.  Not  content  with  this  butchery,  at  dinner* 
time  he  difpofed  the  heads  into-  one  ot  the  covei^  pots  in 
which  victuals  are  ferved  up ;  and,  fen4ing  for  the  mother, 
ordered  them  to  be  taken  out  one  after  another  by  the  nofe, 
and  faid  to  her,  See  the  children  of  a  woman  who  bragged  Jo 
much  of  her  fertility  /  Goy  thou  art  young  enough  to  hear  more 
of  them.    The  princefc  was  fo  aftonifhed  at  this  horrid  fpefta- 
de,  that,  for  a  while,  flie  was  not  able  to  fpeak :  at  laft,  fear- 
.  ing  his  indignation,   which  was  ftill  in  his  eye^  might  faO 
alio  on  herfelf,  fhe  fell  at  his  feet,  kifled  them,  and  faid,  M 
.   is  well,  all  if  w^l;  Cod  grant  the  king  a  long  and  happy  l^J 

This 
yGooglt 


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C.5-  t.  Sbdb  S€&. 

This  forced  fubmlilion  faved  her  own :  but,  as  Toon  as  .fhe 

had  kf't  the  rcbm,  Sefi  fent  for  her  hufband  I/a  Khdn ;  and, 

pointing  |o  the  heads  of  his  children,   aflced  Kvxiy  What  he^ 

thought  cfthat  pUafant /pelade  t  The  khan,  who  knew  whom 

he  had  to  deal  with,  fmothering  the  tendernefs  of  paternal 

afie^lion,  made  anfwer,  Tha^  he  was  fo  far  from  being  dif 

f  leafed  at  what  was  done,  that,  if  hismajefiy  had  commanded 

him  to  hring  the  heads  of  his  fons,  he  would  have  been  the  exe*  * 

cutioner  himfelf^  and  that  he  would  have  no  children  at  all,  in 

cafe  it  was  the  king's  pleafiire  that  itfboutd  befo.     This  abjeft 

flattery  faved  the  brutifti  father's  life  at  that  time  :  but  Sefi, 

rcflefting  that,  after  fuch  treatment,  Ifa  Kh&n  could  neither 

love  nor  be  faithful  to  him,  gave  order  for  his  head  likewife 

to  be  taken  off  "•  #      * 

'Tis  the  greateft  crime  to  be  faithful  to  tyrants  ;  for  they  Zeyncl 
hate  their  benefaftors  moft.  Zeynel  Khan,  who  had  contri-  Khin, 
i.  buted  no  lefs  than  Ifa  Khan  to  this  monfter's  advancement,  in 
the  year  1632  performed  an  aft  of  fidelity,  for  which  perfidy 
to  the  public  he  deferved  the  death  he  fuJfifered.  The  Mh, 
having  forced  the  Turks  to  raife  the  fiege  which  they  had  laid 
to  Baghdad  in  that  year,  encamped  with  his  army  near  Ilama^ 
dan,{E).  At  this  place,  feveral  lords,  who  were  met  toge- 
ther, refleftingon  the  executions  with  which  tlie  king  had 
coinme^^d  his  reign,  iaid  among  themfelves,  "  th^t  fince,  in 
,*«  his  tenderer  age,  he  could  commit  fo  many  cruelties,  it  % 
**  was  to  be  feared  that  he  woi^d  in  time  extirpate  aU  the 
"  grandees  of  Perfta'*  Zeynel  Khan,  who  was  prefent  at  this 
diicourfe,  went  immediately  to  the  fliah,  ^nd  gave  him  an  ac- 
count of  what  had  pafled  m  that  plot ;  advifing  him  td  rid 
Kimfclf  of  thofe  who  had  moft  credit  among  them,  and  fo 
fecure  his  own  life. 

SEFI,  having  received  an  information 'to  which  probably ^^<wf^- 
he  owed  his  life,  made  this  anfwer  to  the  bringer  of  it :  "  Thy/>^  a  flot^ 
**  advice,  Zeynel  Khan,  is  fo  good,  that  I  will  immediately 
"  follow  it,  and  begin  with  thee  ;  for  thou  art  the  perfon  of 
**  greateft  age,  and  moft  authority,  among  them ;  confequently 
"  muft  needs  be  of  the  confpiracy  :  in  that  alfo  I  fliall  follow 
**  the  example  of  the  king  my  grandfather,  whofe  reign  was 
^  neither  fetfe  por  happy  till  he  had  executed  the  perfon  who 
**  had  the  fame  port  of  Kurehi-bafbi,  which  thou  now  cn- 
•*  joyeft."    Zeynel  Khdn,   who,  on  hearing  this  ungrateful 

*  Olearivs,  ubifupra,  p.  357. 

(£)  The  antient  Ametia  and  Echatana,  one  of  the  capital  pcies 
•f  Perfan  Irak* 

fpeech, 

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^z  Hijlory  ofthi'Shdh  rAgnhg  in  Perfia.     B.  ViL 

A.  D.  fpAch,  it  may  be  prefsmed,  deeply  repented  cS.  Jus  officious 
163:1.  zibai ;  replied,  •'  that  his  toajefty  ftiight  reward  hito,  for  &i» 
^*— V**^"  proof  of  his  fidelity,  juft  as  he  thought  fit :  that,  for  his 
'*  part,  bdng  arrived  at  the  greateft  age  man  could  attain  to, 
''  it  'Would  not  trtmbk  him  much  to  have  his  life  Shortened  by 
^'  a  fsv  days ;  but  that  poflibly  his  majefty  might  one  day  l^ 
^  troabiedf  fijr  having  put  to  death  one  of  his  ftioft  fai tfrfbl 
•*  fcrvaiitB,  when  he  came  to  refleft  on  the  importance  of  die 
**  difcoirery,  and  the  zeal  he  had  (hewn  fw  his  fafety."*' 
JUttwforU.  This  anfwer  refpitdd  his  executicm,  which  had  been  re- 
fbiVed  on  by  the  kiugi  who  imrae^Hately  went  to  his  mother*^ 
tent  (for,  acceding  to  antient  cuftom,  (he,  and  the  other  ladies 
of  the  hardm,  followed  him  in  his  expedition),  to  acquaint 
her  with  what  had  been  told  Mm.  Next  morning  that  prin- 
oefs  fent  for  Zeynet  Khan  to  her  tfent-door,  to  hear  from  him 
all  the  drcumftances  of  the  confpiracy :  but,  as  foon  as  Sefi 
csBcat  to  underftand  that  the  khan  had  fpoken  to  his  mother, 
he  was  fo  incenied,  that  he  went  and  killed  him  with  his  own 
band  in  her  prdcnce.  ZeynelKhAn  was  certainly  one  of  the  moft 
eminent  men  in  all  Perfia^  who  owed  his  fortune  to  his  good 
conduft,  and  the  fidelity  with  which  he  had  ferved  Shah  Abhii 
in  fevcral  ajfeirs  of  great  importance ;  one  of  which  it  may 
ixit' be  ami&  to  mention  ^ 
An  in'  '  AEBAS^  b^ing  ^  fend  a  fokmri  embafly  to  tahSr,  to  ad* 
fiance  of  j*^  *^  differences  bctiv^n  him  and  the  Great  Mqgid,  about 
the  fronting  of  KdndaMr^  employed  Zeynel  Khan,  as  tHe  per* 
foa  he  repofed  m6ft  confidence  in  t  at  his  departure,  reconi 
mehdirtg  to  him  Ae  naoft^  tenda*  concern  for  his  intcreft 
khd  that  he  fliould  t^e  care  to  do  notWng  which  might  b^ 
prejudicial  eithci'  to  his  reputation  or  fervice.  ZeynH  pro- 
mifed  to  obferve  his  commands  ;  and  was  as  good  as  his  word : 
for,  at  his  audience,  he  refufed  to  do  Shah  Jehdn  reverence, 
by  putting  both  hands  firft  to  the  ground,  and  then  upon  his 
head ;  but  entered  the  hall  with  a  grave  pace,  and  only  faluted 
tbeking  with  his  Said  Mdlek.  The  Mogul  was  fo  concerned  at 
this  behaviour,  that  he  fent  to  intre^t  him  to  alter  it,  and  pay 
kim  the  fame  refpefts  which  former  ambaffadors  from  his  court 
had  done ;  hacking  his  requfeft  with  the  offer  of  confiderablc 
his  abili'  P'^^^'^^^  •  ^^'  finding  Zeynel  KhAn  inflexible,  he  ordered  a 
^^gj  door  to  be  madein  the  hall  of  audience,  oppofite  to  the  throne^ 

foiow,  that  the  ambaflador  could  not  enter  without  ftoopmg, 
and  thus  be  obliged  to  do  him  reverence.  However,  Zeynel 
Khan  eluded  this  artifice,  by  going  in  backwards,  fo  that  his 
poftcriors  made  the  firft  appearance:  which  piece  of  difrefpeft 

«  Olearius,  p.  358. 

fo 


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fo  provol^d  9hih  Jehk^y  rfiat  he  not  only  forbore  making  him 
the  ufual  prcfents,  which  are  of  great  value,  bnt  alfo  forbad 
that  he  fhould  be  fupplied  with  provifions  at  his  expence.  By 
this  means  Zeynel  Kh^  was  reduced  to  fuch  eKtremities^  that 
he  was  forced  to  fell  his  plate,  and  even  vAax  gold  and  filvcr 
there  was  on  the  furniture  of  his  horfes,  in  order  to  buy  bc- 
ceflaries  for  fubfiftence.  The  Great  Mogul  fent  likewife  ta 
complain  of  Zeynei  KMn's  behaviour,  to  Shah  Mbi^ ;  who. 
inde^  pretended  to  difapprove  of  his  ambafJador's  condinft, 
but,  not  long  after^  fliewed  his  fatis&ftion,  by  honouring  hua 
with  the  title  of  ichkn,  and  beftowing  on  Wm  the  government 
cf  Hamadatiy  Terkifm^  Kulpajdti,  and  other  cities. 

To  return  to  has  barbarous  niurder :  the  queen-mother,  ftruck  The  queen^f 
with  horror  at  the  aftion  of  her  fon,  reprefeoted  to  him  haw  concern^ 
much  he  was  to  blame  for  treating  in  fucha  manner  one  rf  Ws 
grand&ther's  moft  ^tient  fen'ants,  ahd  who  had  been  a  chief 
iaftrument  in  fetdng  him  on  the  throne.  Sefi,  for  the  prcfimt, 
feeined  to  be  troubled  format  he  had  done :  but,  if  he  had  in 
reality  any  compunEftiott  at  ali,\her  Icfturemade  no  very  lading 
impreffion;  fince,  not  many  days  after,  the  chancellor,  the 
lord  high  fteward,  and  even  his  own  modier,  according  to  cir* 
cumftances,  found  no  better  treatment  from  him. 

One  day,  during  the  aforefaid  expedition,  when  Sefi  \^ 

encamped  at  the  moMVkXsAxi  Sehend^  within  a  league  of  TemYiSy* 

the  lord*  high  ilcward,  named  Uguthi  Khtriy  being  to  comthand' 

the  guard  about  the  Icing,  at  which  the  chiefs  are  obliged  ta 

be  perfofially  preient  whenarer  the  fhah  is  in  the  field,  he  bap-' 

petted  to  ^  and  fup  With  Tab4b  KhSbn^-  the  high  chancellor  ;( 

who  had  alfo  invited  the  ZXzWf/^,  that  is,  the  Secretary  of. 

the  Ck^f  named  Haffan  Beg,  and  a  ctertatn  poet.     Towards  Execution 

the  end  of  fopper,  the  J^fikiji  B/iJhi,  or  captain  of  the  guard,^/ 

whofe  name  Was  Mortiiza  KMi  Kh&n^  came  to  gbe  UgMu. 

Khan  notice,  that  It  was  time  to  come  to  the  king's  teat :  but 

tlie  chancellor,  unwilling  to  difmifs  his  guefts,  told  the  Kifbiji 

Ba/bi^  that  there  was  nd  necejjity  for  Ugurlu  KHan'i  perfonal 

i^pearance ;  and  that  the  king^  being  but  a  child^  nvould  tak^  .n« 

notice  ^  Ins  abfence.     The  captain  infiiled  that  the  guard  QQuId 

not  be  kt  without  the  high  iteward,  and  repeated  his  inftances 

for  him  to  c<«ie'away ;-  faying,  otherwHe hi fhouldbe  obliged 

to  cWtfpkin  to  the  ifhah.     The  dxancellorrofFemkd'  with  thl^ 

fort  of  language,  comm^tided  his  domefiics  to  thruft  Mortfiza 

KtlE'Khan  out  of  db^r's ;  Whith  they  did,  but  fa  roughly,  that 

be  was  hurt  in  die  face  ^. 


^  OLEAinvsi  p.  3^59* 


MOJtruZA, 
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Hi/lory  of  ibeShdhs  reigning  in  FcrCia.    B.VIL 

MORTUZJ^  incenfcd  at  this  treatment,  went,  all  bloody 
as  he  was,  to  the  king,  and  gave  him  an  account  of  what  had 
^  pafled  at  the  chancellor's.  Sefi  ordered  him  to  fay  nothing  of 
the  gnat  jj .  ^jy^  ^ext  day,  being  at  dinner  with  the  king,  fitting  in 
thametllory  y^  ^jjjjj  pi^^c,  the  fhah  ordered  him  to  approach  j  and  faid  to 
Wm,  What  does  he  deferve,  who^  eating  the  hinges  bread, 
and  living  by  the  pure  favour  of  his  mafter^  is  fo  far  from 
frying  the  reJpeEl  due  to  him,  that  he  flights  him  ?  The  chan- 
ceUor  made  anfwer.  He  deferves  death.  The  king  replied,  Thm 
^  haft  pronounced  thy  own  fentence  :  thou  art  the  perfon,  who, 
living  folely  by  my  favour,  and  eating  at  my  table,  haft  had 
the  infolence  to  treat  me  as  a  child,  in  the  difcourfe  which  pajfed 
yefterday  betwixt  thee  and  Mortuza  Kuli  Khan.  TalM  ld)An 
would  have  fpoken  in  his  own  defence :  but  Sefi,  not  giving 
him  dme  to  fay  a  word,  ran  him  into  the  belly  with  his  fimi- 
tar.  The  chancellor,  as  he  fell,  only  cried  out.  Ha  Padifhih 
Aymayn.  At  the  &me  time  the  king  commanded  his  rika  (F) 
to  cut  his  head  into  little  bits.  Si^,  perceiidng  one  of  the 
pages,  who,  ftruck  idth. horror,  turned  afide,  not  able  to  be- 
hold fuch  an  aft  of  cruelty,  (aid  to  him,  Since  thy  fight  isfo 
tender,  it  will  be  of  no  ufe  to  thee  (G) ;  and  commanded  Hs 
eyes  to  be  put  out  immediately. 
lord  high  The  execution  of  TabiA  Khan  was  foon  followed  by  that 
Reward,  of  Ugurlu  Khan  ;  whofe  head  the  fhah  ordered  AH  Kuli  Khan, 
die  DiwanBegi  or  Preftdent  of  the  Council,  to  bring  to  him. 
UgMu  Khdn  had  juft  flepped  out  of  the  bath,  and  was  going 
to  put  on  his  clodies ;  when,  feeing  AliK4li  come  in,  attSid^ 
by  two  fervants,  he  was  ftartled,  tho'  the  other's  intimate, 
and  (aid.  Woe  is  me!  dear  friend,  I  fear  thou  bringeft  me  m 
good  news.  Jli  Ktli  Khkn  made  amwer,  Thy  fears  are  but 
too  true,  dear  brother :  for  the  king .  hath  commanded  me  to 
fetch  him  thy  head ;  the  only  way  is,  to  fubtmt.     Hereupon, 

(F)  They  arc  part  of  the  of  a  pen*4cnife.  Trav.  1.  v.  c.  4. 
ftah's  guards,  who  carry  pole-  p.  207.  Abbas  1.  obfcrving  the 
axes,  and  often  do  the  office  of  Fw/ir^a^ambaiTadors  turn  away 
executioners:  for, properly fpea-  their  eves  from  a  malefft£lor« 
king,  they  have  no  executioners  whofe  belly  he  had  ordered  to 
in  Perjia,  at  lead  at  court,  where  be  ripped  open  in  his  prefente, 
any  lord,  or  other  perfon  about  faid  (by  way  of  apology),  that 
the  king  at  the  time,  is  fent  on  certainlv  thofe  executions  would 
the  office.  be  too  horrible  to  be  praftifed 

(G)  Tavemier  fays,  the  words  among  Chriilians,  who  were  n- 
were,  What !  art  thou  afraid  to  tionai  people  \  but  that  they 
funijb  the  nmcked?  on  feeing  the  were  abfolutely  necefiary  among 
domeftic  Cum  his  head  when  the  the  Perfians,  who  were  beafts. 
executioner  beean  to  prick  the  7be*v.  Trav.  part  2.  ch.  ii. 
eyei  of  the  lord  with  the  point  p.  107. 

a  \ritho«t 


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C.  5.  .   8.  Shdb  Safi  I. 

.  -without  farther  ceremony,  he  clofed  \vdth  hiip,  cut  off  his 
head,  made  a  hole  in  one  of  the  chefeks,  thruft  his  finger  thro' 
it,  and  fo  carried  it  to  iS.i/f :  who,  looking  oiyit,  touched  it 
Wth  a  little  wand,  and  laid.  It  muft  be  corfejjed^  thou  wert  a 
Jlout  man  :  it  troubles  me  to  fee  thee  in  that  condition  ;  hut  it 
'Was  thine  own  fault :  'tis  pity^  if  it  was  only  for  that  goodly 
beard  of  thine*  This  he  feid  by  reafon  his  muftachios  were » 
to  long,  that,  going  about  bis  head,  they  met  again  at  his 
mouth ;  which  is  reckoned  a  great  ornameiit  in  Perfia :  his  poft 
was  <:onferred  on  Mortltza  Kuli  Kh&n.  Hajfan  Beg^  who  had  andothersl 
alfo  been  at  the  chancellor's  entertainment,  ra:eived  the  like 
treatment :  but  the  unhappy  poet  fared  worft  of  all  5  for,  be- 
ing  fome  time  after  faifely  accufed  of  putting  thefe  executions 
in  verle,  and  finging  them  in  the  meydin,  he  was  carried  to  that 

£lace,  where  they  cut  off  his  nofe,  ears,  tongue,  feet,  and 
ands,  whereof  he  died  fome  few  days  after. 
Not  long  after,  St^  fent  for  the  fons  of  thofe  lords,  and  Eff$as  of 
(aid  to  them  :  Tou  fee^  I  have  defiroyed  your  fathers  ;  what  Jlavery* 
Jay  you  to  it  f  The  fbn  of  Ug^rlu  Khdn  anfwered,  without  h^- 
fitation.  What  does  a  father  fignify  to  me  P  I  have  no  other  pa-^ 
rent  but  the  fhdh.     This  unnatural  reply  reftored  him  to  the 
eftate  of  the  deceafed  (H),  which  otherwife  would  have  been 
confifcated  :   but  the  chancellor's  fon  was  reduced  to  great 
mifery,  and  bad  not  any  thing  allowed  him  of  all  his  father 
had  poflefled;   becaufe  he  expreflcd  more  concern  for   his 
death,  than  fatisfa£tion  at  what  the  king  had  done ''. 

When  Safi  was  returned  to  Kafvin,  he  fummoned  all  the  AliMer- 
lords  and  governors  of  provinces  to  court.     They  all  obeyed  dan  Khaa 
this  order,  excepting  Jli  Merdan  Khan,  governor  of  Kanda-  rev^lts^ 
Mr  (I),  and  Dawd  Khan,  governor  of  Kenjeh  (K) ;  who  thought 
it  enough  to  affure  the  fhah  of  their  fidelity,  by  fending  up 
one  of  their  wives  and  children  as  hoftages :  but  Sc^  did  not 
look  on  that  fubmiiSon  fufficient.  Hereuppn  Jli  Merdan  Khan 

«  Olearius,  p.  359. 

(H)  Thevenotf  in  bis  Travels,  account  of  his  vaft  riches,  which 

part  ii.  ch.  11.  p.  98.  mentions  came  to  him  by  inheritance,  as 

an  inflance  of  a  ion,  who,  at  the  being  defcended  from  the  an- 

.  command  of  this^  cruel  prince,  tient  kings  of  Kandahar^  who 

cut  off  the  ears,  nofe,  and  then  were  originally  Tartars,      His 

the  head,  of  the  aged  lord  his  plate 'was  all  gold,  and  his-  pa- 

father  ;  for  which  parricide  the  lace   as  magnificently  furni(hed 

•king  gave  him  his  eftate.     Per-  as  the  king's.     Tavern,  Trav. 

haps  this  is  the  fame  fa^,  told  l.v.  c*  i.  p.  198. 

£*om  a  different  report.  (K)  Ganjeh^  orGanja,  a  city 

( T)  Saf  was  jealous  of  him  on  of  Jrrdn. 

Mod.  Hist.  Vol.  Y.  G  g  revQlted, 


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466    ^^^^  Hfjiory  of  ibeSbBs  reigning  in  VcrCia.    B.VIT. 

A.  D.  yv.and  delivered  up  the  fortrefs^  to  the  Great  Mogul.  Dawd  Khan^ 
»  3^'  underftanding  by  the  akhta,'  or  groom  of  the  king's  chamber, 
W— v*"*^  who  had  been  fent  to  him,  that  it  was  dangerous  for  him  to 
repair  to  court,  refolved  to  retire  into  the  TurkiJJj  dominions. 
The  better  to  efFcfl  this  defign,  he  thought  proper  to  xry  how 
his  fervants  flood  aifefted  ;  and,  finding  that  fifteen  of  them 
were  unwiHing  to  follow  him,  he  caufed  them  td  be  cut  to 
pieces  in  his:  prefence.  •  Then  wrote  a  very  reproachful  letter 
to  Safi ;  and  went  away  with  all  his  wealth  to  laymirnz  Kkdk, 
a  prince  of  C^^gia,  hrs  brother-in-law:  from  whence  he  re- 
moved into  Turky,  where  he  was  received  with  great  friend- 
fhip  by  Soltdn  Ibrahtni.  The  king,  to  be  revenged  of  both, 
fent  their  wives  to  the  public  flews  ;  and  expofed  the  fon  of 
Daivd  Khdn  to  the  brutality  of  the  grooms  about  court :  re- 
ferving  AR  Merdan's  fbn,  who  was  very  beiutifid,  for  his  own 
ufe*  * 

imlmKA-  Some  time  after  this,  Sq/i  fent  orders  to  Imdm  (L)  KuU 
U  Khaoy  Khdrty  governor  of  SHrdz^  and  brother  to  Dawd  Khin^  to 
come  to  court.  The  Wian  had  notice  fent  him  of  the  king's 
intention  to  put  him  to  death :  but  he  made  anfwer,  "  that 
"  he  could  not  be  perfuaded  he  fhould  be  fo  ill  requited^ 
**  after  having  done  fuch  confiderabk  fennices  for  the  crown  (M); 
**  yet  that,  whatever  might  happen,  he  would  rather  lofe  his 
"  life,  than  be  out  of  favour  with  his  prince,  and  become  a 
**  criminal  by  his  difobcdieiice."  Purfuant  to  this  imprudent 
refolution,  he  repaired  to  Kajvin^  where  the  court  then  was*: 
but  was  no  fooner  arrived,  than  his  head  was  ordered  to  be 
taken  off.  This  bloody  tyrant,  however,  did  not  intend  to  take 
away  the  Kves  of  Imhn  Kuh  Khdi^s  children  :  but,  while  Ms 
eldefl  fon,  about  eighteen  years  of  age,  was  proflrate  at  the 
king's  feet,  which  fubmiffion  his  fi*iends  had  advifed  him  to, 
a  wicked  flatterer  told  Saji,  that  the  youth  was  not  the  fbn  of 
•  the  khin,  but  of  Shah  y^^Mr,  who,  after  getting  one  of  his 

women  with  child,  had  beflowed  her  on  the  father. 
mndfons.        This  fuggeflion  occafioned  the  death  not  only  of  the  young 
flain*         lord,  but  alfo  of  fourteen  of  his  brothers;  who,  being  con- 
dufted  to  the  meydan,  were  aU  beheaded  near  their  rather^s 
body.    The  mother  made  a  fhift  to  get  away,  with  the  fix- 

(L)  His  name  is  commonly  part  of  the  kbgdom  of  Z«r,  and 

written   Iman  Cult  Kan,      Our  the  kingdop:!  pf  Ormiu,  in  the 

Jr/^is  the  only  traveller  who  has  reign  of  Abbas  I.  with,  all  the 

bed  expre^ed  it,  according  to  coafl  of  the  Perfian  gulf,  fron 

the  true  pronunciation  i*he  writes  ^^^tjajkes  to  Balfara  {ot  Baf- 

Jmaum   Co9ly  Caun.  .     Herbtrt,  rah),  la^vem*  Tr*v.  1.  y.  C  3. 


LmangolyChanun,  ,       p.  204* 

(M)  He  conquered  the  greater 


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C.*5-  '  8-  Shih  Safil. 

tecDtb,  iato  Jrabia,  to  the  prince  her  father,  who  refided  at 
Hetbifa^  three  days  journey  from  Baftahy  or  Balfara.  The 
bodies  of  Imam  Kuli  Khan^  and  his  children,  remained  three 
days  expofed  in  the  meydan  to  public  view  ;  tiir.S^,  fearing 
that  the  lamentation,  which  the  khan's  mother  made  there 
day  and  night,  Mrould  occaiion  an  infurreftion,  commanded 
them  to  be  taken  away  ^ 

Ti^^s  affair  is  related  fomewhat  more  particularly  by  a  fub-  The  khiiH*t 
fcquent  traveller  ;  who  informs  us,  that  Shah  Abbhs  gave  Qntfdelitj^ 

.  of  his  own  wives,  whom  he  loved  extremely,  to  Imam  Mli 
Khan  ;  arid  that,  <vhen  fhe  left  the  haram,  it  was  thoiight  fhe 
"was  three  months  gone  with  child  :  for,  fix  months  after  fhe 
was  bedded  by  the  khan,  fhe  lay-in  of  a  fon,  of  whom  the 
king  was  the  reputed  father ;  and  who,  being  born  before 
Shah.^^,  pretended  a  right  before  him  to  the  throne.  By 
virtue  of  this  claim,  contrary  to  the  will  of  Shah  Mbas  in 
favour  of  Safiy  this  ambitious  lord,  who  Qjily  pafTed  for  the 
khan's  eldeft  fori,  but  was  of  a  daring  l-efolution,  earnefUy 
fbllicited  his  father  to  feize  on  the  fhah,  and  make  himfetf 
king,  at  leafl  to  open  a  way  for  him  to  the  throne :  particu- 
larly one  day,  being  a  hunting  with  the  young  king,  near 
ShtrAZf  he  rode  up  to  his  fi^ther,  and  faid,  See,  now.  the  oppor*  .  . 
tunity^  Jir,  that  offers  you  the  throne  :  for  I  will  go  injlantly, 
and  bring  you  Shah  Safi'j  head.  But  the  kh^n,'  holding  him 
by  the  arm,  declared  he  would  fiiffer  any  things  rather  than 
confent  to  fuch  a  crime  :  that  Safi  was  appointed  by  Abbis  to 

fucceed  him,  as  being  his  fon  Safi'j  childy  and  confequently  his 
lawful  heir  :  that  he  had  fworn  to  fupport  the  right  of  Saf?, 
niiho  had  been  recommended  to  his  care  ;  and  that  he  would  die, 

Jboner  than  commit  a  breach  of  trufti 

This  generous  refolution  of  the  khan  broke  the  young  His  popu^ 
lord's  defign  upon  the  king's  perfon.  However,  the  queen-  larity^ 
mother,  being  not  ignorant  of  the  train  which  was  laid  for 
him,  thought  it  the  wifefl  way  to  prevent  the  blow,  by  get- 
ting rid  or  fuch  as  had  cohfpircd  his  death.  Two  other  of 
the  khan's  fons  took  part  with  him  they  called  their  brother  : 
and  altho'  the  khin  himfelf  was  loyal,  yet  his  power,  wealth, 
and  reputation  among  the  foldiery,  as  well  as  the  affedlion 
borne  him  by  the  people,  concurred  to  render  him  an  objeft 
of  jealoufy.  The  qyeen-mother,  therefore,  in  concert ,  with 
Mirza  Takeh^  the  prime  minifler,  reprefenting  to  the  king, 
that  he  was  not  fafe  fo  long  as  Imim  Kuli  Khan^  and  his  three 
ddefl  fons,  lived,  he  readily  confented  to  their  deflfuftion. 
And  as  at  this  time  Morad  IV.  foltan  of  the  Tt/r^x,  had  taken 

^  OLtARivs,  p.  360,  k  feq^ 

G  g  a  Erivin, 


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468  Hijiory  of  the  Sbdbs  feigning  in  Perfia. 

A.  D.    Erivan,  and  ruined  Tauris  (N,  that  invafion  afForded  a  good 
,     1632.     pretence  for  fummoning  all  die  khans  and  govenwrs  to  attend 
^— •V-'**'  the  (hah  with  troops  under  their  command. 
Hisrefolu'      J  MAM  K&li  Khan  obeyed  the  order  among  the  reft  :  but, 
''**»  as  he  was  on  his  march  to  Kajbin  with  his  three  fons,  the  cldeft, 

fufpefting  tlie  worft,  faid  to  him,  5/r,  ive  are  making  hafic 
to  the  king,  that  our  heads  may  the  fooner  fall  at  Hi  feet ^ 
To  this  the  khan  replied,  Perhaps^  my  fon^  thou  mdyejl  J^ak 
the  truth  :  bnt^  as  to  this  day  I  have  pun&ually  obeyed  the 
king's  commands^  fo^  'whatever  may  happen^  I  'will  perfevere 
to  do  my  duty  till  death.  The  khan  was  received  by  Shih  Si^ 
with  great  appearance  of  favour  j  and,  three  days  after,  was, 
with  the  other  lords  then  afTembled  at  Kafhin^  imix&i,  to  a 
4great  feaft.  His  three  fons  went  to  the  banquet :  l>ut,  the 
khan  defiring  to  be  excufed  on  account  of  his  great  age,  the 
king  fent  word,  that  the  khan  of  Shirks  was  at  liberty' to  do  as 
lie  thought  fit.  The  third  day  of  the  feaft,  Si^  rofe  from  his 
feat ;  and  going  out  of  the  hall,  half  an  hour  after,  three  exe- 
cutioner^ attended  by  others,  entered  with  their  fimeters 
.irawn,  feized  on  the  khan's  three'  fons,  and  cut  oflF  thdr 
heads. 
and  death.  The  three  heads,  being  put  in  a  gold  bafon,  were  ptefented 
'to  the  king ;  who  ordered  the  executioners  to  catry  them  to 
,  their  father,  and,  as  foon  as  he  had  feen  them,  to  take  off  his 
lead  alfo.  The  khan,  who  was  at  prayers  when  they  came, 
only  defired  time  to  fay  them  out ;  and  then,  without  diange- 
ing  countenance,  or  uttering  more  words  than  Let  the  king's 
wdl  Be  done,  he  fubmitted  to  a  death  which  he  might  eafily 
have  avoided.  The  four  heads  were  brought  back  to  the  king, 
to  be  fent  into  the  haram  to  his  mother ;  and  a  courier  wasdif* 
patched  to  the  khan's  lieutenant,  to  put  to  death  all  the  reft  of 
his  children,  only  two  excepted,  who  were  at  nurfe,  and  never 
jcould  be  difcoveredg.    The  Perjians  for  a  long  time  bewailed 

t  Taverk.  1.  v.  c.  3.  p.  204,  Sc  feq. 

(N)    News  coming   to  Safi  hind,  which  are  obI/  cut  from 

'that  the  foltan had  huxntTauris,  certain  fprings,  aiid  brought  by 
and  was  marching  farther  into  <  canals  into  die  Inland  parts  of. 

the  country  with  1 00,000  men  ;  Perjta,  where  there  are  no  rivers ; 

Let  him  comcy  faid  he,  <withoMt  by  whkh  means  the  whole  army 

mny  oppojition :  I  knoiv  how  to  periJhed  for  want  of  water.   7W- 

make  the  Turks  pay  fir  their  in-  *vern,  Trav.  p.  20. — MorddlW. 

jtoafiotiy  ^without  any  great  troubic,  was  RtTattris  in  16^5  ;  but  the 

They  Wereithen  not  above  fif-  Jurkijh  hiftori|lns  do  not  men- 

teen  days  march  frojn  Ihdhdn^  tion  this  lofs  of  his  army.     Sec 

when  he  turned  the  courfe  of  all  his  rpign  among  the  Othmdn  fol- 

the  flreams  both  before  and  be-  tins, 

the 

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C  5.  8.  Sbdb  Safi  t 

the  death  of  ImSm  Mli  Khdn^  on  account  of  his  liberality. 
He  was  the  fon  of  Jllawerdi  Khdn^  who,  at  his  own  charge, 
built  the  bridge  of  IJpdhiin  ;  and  was  as  much  efteemed  as  any 
lord,  of  his  time,  for  the  noble  aftions  he  had  performed  in  the 
wars  *. 

This  khan  was'  prodigioufly  rich  (O)-;  and  fo  very  magni-  Wcahb 
ficent,  that,  his  expenccs  almoft  equalled  thofe  of  the  king  :  and  Hbe* 
which  occafioned  Shah  Ahhas  I.  who  talked  with  him  one  day  ralityy 
on  that  fubjeft,  to  tell  him,  that  he  defired  him  to  fpend  one 
penny  lefs  than  he  every  day,  that  there  might  he  fome  differ- 
ence between  the  expences  of  a  Jhdh  and  a  khan.     Imam  Kidi 
Khan's  noble  qualities  had  gained  him  the  afFeftions  of  all 
people  :  for  he  was  liberal  as  well  as  magnificent,  highly  re- 
compenfed  brave   foldicrs  and  learned  men :  loved  ftrangers, 
and  took  a  peculiar  care  to  encourage  arts  and  fciences.    For 
this  end,  he  built  a  fair  college  at  ShirAZy  for  the  inftruftion     > 
of  youth;  and  feveral  inns,  as  well  in  the  city  as  on  the  road, 
for  the  benefit  of  travellers.     He  caufed  mountains,  to  be  cut 
through,  in  order  to  fliorten  the  way ;  and  joined  others  by 
bridges,  of  fo  bold  a  ftruAure,  that  it  is  difficult  to  copjeOure 
how  fuch  prodigious  arches  could  be  turned  over  fuch  vaft  pre- 
cipices and  torrents  ^ 

This  tyrant's  cruelty  favoured  the  ladies  no  more  than  the  Ladift 
men  :  for,  about  the  fame  time,  he  killed  one  with  his  own  hunej 
hajid  (P),  and  committed  feveral  other  murders.     When  hz  alive, 
intended  any  execution,  he  ufuall/  drefled  in  fcarlet,  or  fome 
red  fluff;  fo  that  all  trembled  when  he  put  on  any  thing  of 
that  colour.   As  thefe  unheard-of  cruelties  firighted  every  body, 
fome  perfons  undertook  to  fliorten  his  days  by  poifon :  but, 
the  dofe  which  they  gave  him  not  proving  ftrong  enough,  he 
overcame  it,  after  a  ficknefs  of  two  months.     When  he  reco- 
vered, he  ordered  a  ftrift  inquiry  to  be  made  ;  and  it  was 
difcovered,  by  a  fervant  who  had  been  ill  treated  by  her  mif- 
trefs,  that  the  poifon  had  been  prepared  in  the  apartment  of 
the  women  ;  and  given  him  by  the  direftion  of  his  aunt,  Ifa 
A!^*s  widow.     He  revenged  himfelf  fufficiently  the  night  folr 

*  Oleahivs,  Lvi.  p.  361.  *  Tavern,  ubi  fup, 

(O)  It  muft  be  obferved,  that  This  was  one  thing  which  in- 

the  revenue  of  5>&/>^«,  Ldr,Or-  cenfed    the  queen-mother  aqd 

miij,  and  the  coafts  of  the  Per^  firft  minifter  againft  him.     Ta^ 

Jtan  gulf,  was  folely  at  his  dif-  n)em.  Trav.  1  v.  c.  3.  p.  204. 
pofal,  and  none  of  it  returned        (P)    Perhaps    this  was    his 

into  the  king's  coffers  :  inftead  Georgian  queen,  as  related  lower 

of  that,  the  ihah  was  obliged  to  down. 


fend  him  money  to  pay  the  army. 


G  g  3  lowing: 

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Bifipty  of  the  Sbdbs  reigning  in  Pcrfia.    B.  Vll, 

lowing  :  for  the  palace  was  filled  with  dreadful  ftirieks  ;^and 
it  was  found  the  next  day,  that  he  had  ordered  a  great  pit  to 
be  made  in  the  garden,  wherein  he  had  buried 'forty  women 
alive  ;  Ibme  of  them  ladies  of  the  faray,  and 'others  their  at- 
tendants. Much  abput  the  fame  lime  a  rumour  was  fpread, 
that  his  mother  had  died  of  the  plague  ;  but  it  is  more  likely, 
fays  our  author,  that  ihe  bore  the  ladies  company  who  had 
been  buried  alive  ^, 
'Jfoicijf  TJVERNIER  feems  to  excufe  the  cruel  executions  of 

^or  Safi'i    Shah  Safi^    by  laying  the  blame  or  caufe  of   them  on  the 
queen-mother,  and  the  etemad  addawlet  (Q^),  or  prime  mini- 
Aer,  named  Mirza  Takeh,  who  paid  her  four  hundred  gold 
duckets  every  day,  to  difpofe  of  as  fhe  thought  £t.     Thefe 
two  governed  the  kingdom  between  them ;  and  held  a  private 
council  in  her  haram,  where  he  had  free  admiffion,  as  being 
"  ^^.AMa>£iSi   ^Qfe  ^"t  (R) :  and  here  they  overthrew  in  the  night  whatever 
''*^^  "^^^     the  lords,  concluded  in  the, day,  by  changing  at  pleafure  the 
king's  mind,   over  which  they  had   the  afcendarit.     It  wa^ 
thought  that  Sliah  Ahhhs  had  left  a  private  order  with  thefe 
two,  to  rid  themfelves  of  Imhn  Kuli  Khdn,  and  feven  other 
great  lords,  at  the  head  of  whom  was  J  Am  Kh^,  asfoon  as 
Sq/i  ihould  be  fettled  in  the  throne ;  and  fill  all  places  with 
j^'^i  *^  governors  in  whom  the  king  might  confide.    Accordingly  the 
iorMi         VXngy  by  their  advice,  began  at  Kajfhtn  wjth  Imhn  Kuli  Khin. 
'After  this,  the  other  lords,  getting  fome  information  of  the 
-defign  againft  them ;  and  judging,  on  -the  king's  return  to 
Jfp^dn^  that  the  time  for  their  execution  drew  near,  refolved 
to  prevent  the  etemad  adda\ylct  (S).    With  this^vicw,  they  met 

^  Olearivs,  1.  vi.  p.  361,  ^  feq. 

(Q^)  That  is,  the  trtffi  and  road,  went  in  a  litter,  with  his 

^fupport  of  the  ft  ate.     The  con-  furgeon,  to  court,  where  he  prc- 

tra£lion  is  memad  dawlet:  this  fented  the  mar|cs  or  his  repent- 

word  is  corruptly  written  in  bur  ance  in  a  plate  of  gold  to  the 

travellers,  athemadaulat.    He  is  king  :  who  thereupon  fent  him 

the  firft minifter,  orwazirajem,  back  to   his  government;   and 

in  Fexfia^  who  has  in  his*  hands  .recalled  the  "page,  whom  he  had 

the  diredlion  of  all  affairs.  fent  to  take  his  employ ment,and 

.    (R)  When  gpvernor  of  Ghl-  feiid  him  the  offender's  head. 
lan^  in  the  reign  of  Shah  ^^^^x,         (S)    Both  the   occalion    and 

miffing  a  page   whom  he  had  manner  of  this  minifter's  death 

abufed,  and  fufpe^ing  he  was  is  very  differently,  and  at  large, 

gone  to  complain  to  the  k-ng,  in  related  \iy  Chardin^  who    calls 

prdvr  to  divert  the  fform,  he  de-  \s\m  ^arutki,      Voy.  en  Pcrfc 

privedhimfelfof  thei'nftrumcnts  tomeiii.  p.  10,  &  feq. 
of  his  crime;  and,  taking  a  bye- 

^     ■  one 

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e.g.  '     S.Sl3£Stfxl.    •         • 

bnc  morning  before  the  palace-gate ;  and,  having  kljle4.  the 
porter,  jentered  that  minifter's  bddchamber,  and  ftabbed  him 
before  he  could  rife.  As  foon  as  they  had  efFefted  the  bufi- 
hefs,  they  went  to  the  king ;  and  Jnjii  Kh^n  told  him  what 
they  liad  done.  Safi,  diffembling  bis  anger  at  fo  bold  an  at- 
tempt, anfwered,  that  they  had  done  very  luell,  and  h^d  only 
prevented  the  order  which  he  intended  to  have  given  himfclf. 
But  a  few  days  after,  while  thofe  lords  were  fitting  in  council, 
an  eunuch  entered,  which  was  the  fignal  for  the  king  to  with- 
draw ;  and,  as  foon  as  he  was  gone,  the  chamber  was  filled 
with  eunuchs,  who  fell  upon  and  flewithem.  Their  bodies 
tixre  expofed  in  the  meydan ;  where  the  people,  kicking  the 
heads,  laid,  Thefe  are  the  heads  of  thofe  dogs  who  have  oppofed 
'the  will  of  the  king  :  for,  generally  fp?;aking,  in  Perfia^  what- 
ever the  king  does  is  thought  to  be  right '. 

.  Bu  T, '  for  all  this  traveller  makes  thefe  executions  rather  the  His  fevi^ 
a<5^  of  others  -than  of  Sajl,  yet  he  owns  that  he  was  vfery  fe-»  rity, 
vcre,  and  his  punrftiments  often  amounted  to  afts  of  cruelty. 
One  day,  when  hunting,  a  poor  peafant  appeared  from  behind 
a  rock,  with  a  paper  b  his  hancl,  having  been  deputed  by  the 
village  to  make  Tome  complaint  to  him  :  but,  while  the  poor 
man  cried  for  juftice,  Sajiy  without  making  any  anfwer,  (hot 
two  arrows '  into  his  body,  and  killed  him.  That  which 
'  moved  him  t'Q  -  this  aS  of  jpruelty,  was,  the  rigorous  cuftom 
tvhich  takes  place  with  regard  to  his  women,  fome  of  whoni 
\vere  alongwath  him  ;  for,  on  fuch  occafions,  there  is  no  m^rcy 
ihewn  to  thofe  who  happen  to  be  in  the  \V^ay  when  they  pafs 
by.  There  is  a  cuftom  no  lefs  tyrannical,  and  of  pernicious  Rigorott., 
confequeuce  to  the  fubjeft,  touching  the  perfon  of  the  king ;  cufiomf^ 
which  is,  that  if  any  man  points  tt  him  as  he  pafe  along  the 
ftreet,  or  upon  the  road,  he  muft  lofe  his  hand.  One  day 
that  Shah  Safi  was  in  the  country,  two  merchants  of  Conjian- 
tinople  meeting  him  with  his  train  upon  the  road,  they  flopped 
to  fee  him  ;  when  one  of  them  innocently  lifting  up  his  hand, 
'to  fhewTiim  to  the  other,  who  had  never  feen  hiip,  by  point- 
ing to  the  heron  feathers  by  which  his  cap  was  diftingui(hed 
from  thofe  of  the  lords  who  followed  him,  two  hoifemen  im» 
mediately  rode  up  to  him,  and  cut  off  his  hand  with  a  fin^et^r. 

The  Perfiansj  both  men  and  women,  ar^  fo  addifted  to  ^luofnm 
take  tobacco,  that,  fhould  it  be  prohibited  for  any  long  time,  ^^'*'  '*^* 
the  revenue  would  fuffer  confiderably.    However,  Safi  once,  in  ^*'*^ 
Vi  humour,  having  forbidden  the  ufe  of  it  thro'  his  dominions, 
two  rich  Banyan  merchants  were  found  fmoking  io  the  Indian 
\^xi  at  Ifpdh&ri\  and,  being[  forthwith  carried  bQun4  before 

i   ,  ^  TAvgRN.  1.  V.  c.  1.  p.  194, 

Gg4  1^ 


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mjiory  of  the  Sbdhs  reigning  in  Perfia.    B,  V II, 

the  fliih,  he  ordered  melted  lead  to  be  poured  down  their 
throats  in  the  public  meydan.  The  people  imagined  that  the 
'  king  pronounced  the  Sentence  only  to  ferrify  them  ;  and  that  he 
would  have  reprieved  them  at  the  place  of  execution.  Mean 
time  four  other  merchants  went  to  the  etemad  addawlet,  and 
offered  2000  tomans  to  fave  the  lives  of  their  friends  ;  but,  on 
the  chief  minifter's  fignifying  the  fame  to  Safi,  he  fell  into  a 
paflion  ;  and,  afldng  whether  thofe  Indian  dogs  thought  that  a 
^^ng  of  Perfia  ivould  fell  jujiice  ?  fent  a  fecond  order  for  cxe^ 
cuting  the  unhappy  fmokers  without  delay  «. 
>#Swifs  in  To  the  foregoing  padages  we  may  add  the  execution  of  Raff 
favttr  Sadler  J  a  proteftant ;  which,'  if  not  to  be  reckoned  as  an  in- 
flance  of  his  cruelty,  may  well  pafs  for  one  of  his  inconftant 
temper,  and  want  of  resolution.  This  perfon  was  a  watch* 
maker  of  Zurich^  about  thirty-eight  years  of  ace  5  who,  put* 
ting  himfelf  into  the  fervice  of  the  emperor's  refident  at  Cortflan^ 
tinople,  was  carried  by  our  author  Tavernier  to  I^Ahan.  There 
he  made  a  fmall  repeating  watch,  about  the  bignefs  of  half  a 
crown ;  which  being  a  neat  piece  of  work,  the  Englifb  bought 
it,  at  the  rate  of  200  crowns,  to  ^ve  to  Imhn  Kilt  Khin, 
The  khan  made  a  prefent  of  it  to  the  king;  who  was  fo 
pleafed  with  it,  that  he  carried  it  hanging  about  his  neck, 
under  his  clothes,  in  a  gold  chain.  One  day,  happening  to 
break  the  fufil,  by  turning  the  key  the  wrong  way,  he  fent  for 
Sadler  to  Kafltn ;  who  prefently  fet  it  in  order  again.  Herc- 
.  upon  the  king  ordered  him  a  penfion  of  thirty  tomSns,  with 
diet  for  him  and  a  man,  and  proviiion  for  two  horfes ;  for 
which  he  was  obliged  every  morning  to  wait  on  the  king  at 
his  rifing,  in  order  to  wind  up  his  watch. 

This  brought  him  into  fo  great  favour  with  St^^  that  the 
Holjlein  ambafTadors  endeavoured  to  gain  his  friendftiip,  and 
often  invited  him  to  entertainments.  One  pight,  going  from 
them  to  his  lodging,  he  found  a  young  Perfian  with  a  Nejlo' 
rian  girl,  whom  he  kept.  The  young  man  being  brother  to 
one  of  the  king's  porters,  Sadler  complained  to  him  of  the 
injury,  and  defired  him  to  warn  his  brother  to  come  no  more: 
but  a  few  nights  after,  Ralf  finding  him  again  with  his  mi* 
ttrcfs,  by  help  of  his  flaves,  bound  him  to  a  tree  in  the  court, 
and  went  to-bed.  As  foon  as  their  mafler  was  withdrawn, 
one  of  the  flaves  began  to  make  game  with  the  prifoner  ;  who, 
having  his  fejet  at  liberty, '  killed  him  with  a  kick  in  the 
belly.  Sadler f  awakened  by  the  cries  of  the  reft,  got  up; 
and,  taking  a  piftol  in  his  hand,  wisnt  ^nd  fhot  the  Perftan 


Kilh^ 
Perfian. 


"»  Taverj;.  1.  V.  c.  3,  4.  |>.  206,  &  fcq. 


through 


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C.  5.  8.  Sbdb  Safi  I. 

through  the  head  (T)»  Next  morning,  the  Idng  afldng  him 
what  news,  he  told  him  plainly  what  he  had  done,  and  the 
reafon  why.  The  king,  on  his  report,  told  him  that  he  had ' 
done  well,  according  to  the  cuftom  of  the  country.  But  the 
prime  minifter,  who  hated  Sadkr  on  account  of  an  old  grudge 
(U),  pretending  to  the  king,  that  Sadler  had  reprefented  the 
matter  very  differently  from  what  it  was^  Sdfi  fent  for  him ; 
and  told  him,  that  he  muft  either  turn  Mohammedan^  or  die. 
On  Sadler'^  refufmg  to  renounce  his  faith,  the  king  ordered  Cmftaney^ 
him  to  prifon.  However,  as  he  had  a  great  affeftion  for  him,  ^d  deaths 
he  fent  for  him  twice  or  thrice ;  and  made  him  very  large 
pflfers,  if  he  would  change  his  religion.  But  the  S'wifs  rejefted 
them  all ;  nay,  refufed  to  conform  but  for  a  while,  and  i|i  ap* 
pearance  :  fo  that  he  was  delivered  up  to  the  brother  of  the  ... 

deceafed  Perjkn  ;  who  put  him  to  death  in  the  meydan,  with 
a  poniard,  in  06lober  1637  ". 

It  is  commonly  obferved  that  cruel  men  are  cowards :  but  Safi'j  •wV 
Shah  Safi  exprefled  courage  enough  when  occafion  required  it  5  'Sories^ 
and  it  is  certain  that  the  beginning  of  his  reign  was  remarkable 
for  the  'great  viftorips  which  he  gained  over  his  enemies.    He 
defeated  Karib  Shdhy  in  the  province  of  KMn :  he  forced  the. 
Tt^k^  to  raife  the  fiegs  o£  BaghdM\  «d  took  by  aflault  the 
fortrefs  of  Ervdn  {Rivan^  or  Iriv^n).    Altbo',  to  fpeak  im* 
partially,  fays  Olearius,  the  glory  of  thefe  fuccefles  was  owing 
to  the  valour  and  conduft  of  his  generals,  and  to  fortune,  ra- 
ther than  his  prudence :  for  he  difcovered  not  much  in  any 
of  his  anions,  which  were  for  the  moft  part  rafti,  and  not  df 
^  piece ;  of  v4iich  his  behaviour  at  Ervdn  is  a  proof.     Safi,  ConduSiat 
finding  the  fiege  but  little  advanced  in  foui:  m6nths,  gjew^rivin. 
fo  impatient,  that  he  would  needs  aflault  the  place  in  per- 
son ;  iaying,.  he  would  rather  die  in  the  attempt,  than  rife 
frc«n  before  a  town  which  the  Turks  had  formerly  taken  in 
three  days.    He  had  already  put  on  the  clothes  of  one  of  bb 

"  Tavern,  p.  267.  &  Clear.  1.  v.  p.  280. 

(T)  Okarius,  who,  in  feveral  which  he  had  mended  for  him, 

particulars,  tells  the  flory  differ-  fent  him  fifteen  or  twenty  cameh 

ently,   fays,  he  was  a  houfe-  load  of  (haw  and  barley  for  hit 

breaker,  who  came  to  rob  him :  horfes,  as  knowing  he  kept  fe- 

that  Sadler y  after  beating,  and  ven  or  eight,  bendes  four   or  - 

turnin|;  him  out  of  the  boofe,  five  fervants.      Ra/f,   flighting 

repenting  he  had  let   him  go,  facjii  a  prefent,  faid  to  the  fer- 

foUowcd  him,  and  ihothim  with  vant.  Tell  thy  mafter  that  I  am 

^  piflol.  neither  horje  nor  afs^  and  there* 

(U)  The  miniver  Mir5ta  7tf-  fore  let  him  eat  his  fre/ent  him-- 

Iteh  having,  by  way  of  gratifying  felf 
Sadler  fof  ^bpvp  (hirty  watches 

I  .  footmen 

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Hijiory  of  the  Sbibs  reigning  in  Pcrfia.     B.  Vll 

footmen,  to  prc^'ent  being  diftinguiflied,  and  htd  ^ven  orders 
for  a  general  ftorm.  His  mother,  fct  on  by  the  lords,  who 
'  durft  not  contradift  him,  urged  the  impoflibility  of  taking  a 
pkce  before  a  breach  was  made;  and  that  he  was  only  going 
to  deftroy  himfelf,  and  the  whole  army :  bnt  all  the  anfwer  (he 
got,  was  a  found  box  in  the  ear.  In  Ihort,  he  was  fully  bent 
to  purfue  his  refolution,  and  had  taken  a  poll-ax  in  his  hand, 
in  order  toiead  them  On;  when  the  principal  lords,  finding  a 
•  *  nece/rity  to  interpofe,  fell  at  his  feet,  and  intreated  him  to  grant 

them  but  pne  day  more  to  try' their  efforts^     This  requeft  they 
obtained ;  and  then  ordering  the  whole  army,  even  to  the  boys, 
to  make  an  affault,  carried  the  place  by  ftorm  (X) :  but  they 
loft  in  the  aftion  50,000  men. 
Ij. .  The  good  fuccefs  which,  till  then,  attended  his  defigns, 

^^^^^.^^foon  failed  him,  after  he  had  put  fo  many  great  perfons  to 
•  '  death  ;  of  which  the  taking  of  Baghdad  ( Y)  by  the  Turks y  after 

twenty-fix  years  lofs,  is  a  remarkable  inftance.  The  only  good 
aftion  which  he  did  during  his  reign,  was  that  of  fending 
back,  to  their  refpeftive  countries,  thole  poor  people  whom  Shah 
j4bba£  removed  from  Erv^j  Nakhjbivdnj  Khalejj  and  Georgia^ 
to  Ftrhabad  in  Mazanderdn;  where  they- were  employed  in 
grei^t  buildings,  and  lived  in  miferable  flavery :  yet  but  a  few 
of  them  reaped  the  advantages  of  that  good  order  5  for,  out 
;of  70QO,  only  300  got  home,  the  reft  having  periflied  by  hun* 
ger  and  want. 

SAFl  took  great  pleafure  in  drinking  wine ;  and  was  very 
kind  to  thofe^who  bore  him  company.     But  his' chief  recre- 
•^  ations  were  women  and.  hunting ;  not  much  troubling  hhn- 

felf  about  the  affairs  of  government,  or  the  adminiftration  of 
j//j,^/^//Juftioe  to  his  fubjefts.  He  had  three  wiVes.  One  was  the 
daughter  of  a  colonel,  whofe  firft  employment  was  to  drive 
the  mules  which  brought  water  to  the  king's  kitchen ;  and 
came  to  be  known  to  Shah  JbMsy  by  helping  him  to  fomc 
fair  water,  one  fultry  day,  while  he  was  hunting,  when  none 
clfe  could  meet  with  any.  This  fervice  was  requited  by  the 
king  beftowing  on  him  the  village  where  he  was  born ;  and 
[made  him  known  at  court,  where  he  found  means  to  get  an 
oflfice :  which  is  no  difficult  matter  in  Perjia,  for  fuch  as  have 
money.  Some  time  after,  he  procured  a  poft  in  the  army,  where 
he  proved  fo  fortunate  as  to  obtain  the  command  ot  a  regi- 
,ment  of  1006  men.    Jbhds  thought  his  daughter  fo  handfome, 

(X)  It  was  recovered,  not  long  5^  took /^^/r"  alfo,   in  the  year 

•ftfter,  by  M(?r^^IV.  foltahofthe  1636,    . 

Turks,  in  1634.     See  his  reign;  '    (Y)  This  v#as  by  Soltaa  ii/O' 

in  a  fubfcqcent  volume.     Bat  rad^V,  io'tl^eycar  1638. 

that 

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tj>at  he  made  a  perfent  of  her  to  the  widow  of  Sa/i  Mtrza^ 
appointing  her  to  be  brought  up,  in  order  for  a  marriage  with 
his  fon  i^^m;  "who,  at  hil  coining  to  the  crown,  accprdingly/ 
married  h<er;  .     .  ^  ^ 

His  fecond  wife  was  a  Georgian^  the  daughter  of  TaymAraz  - 

kh^^  oft?n  mentioned  in  the  reign  of  Jbbds,   whofe  peace 
•with  that  prince  was  confirmed  by  means  of  this  marriage  <>, 

One  day,  returning  from  the  kalenter  of  Jrf^^'s  boufe,  where  Kills  his 
he  had  drank  to  excefs,  he  gave  order  that  this  queen  (Z)  queens 
fliduld  come  to  him.    As  fhe  underftood  that  he  was  in  liquor, 
ihe  n^dc  no  great  hafte ;  fo  that  he  fell  afleep.     But,  awaking 
Ibon  after,  arid  not  feeing  her,  he  called  for  her  a  fecond  time ; 
on  notice  of  which,  (he  immediately  went  to  him.     Whenfhp 
entered  the  chamber,  fhe  found  the  king  fallen  afleep  again ; 
and,  in  expeftation  of  his  awaking,  hid  herfelf  in  a  nich  be-? 
hind  the  hangings,  where  generally  the  mattreffes  and  coverlets 
are  laid  by.     Saji  prefently  after  coming  out  of  his  flumber, 
dnd  not  yet  perceiving  the  queen,'  in  a  great  hafle  demanded 
the  reafonof  her  flay.  The  queen-mother,  who  was  a  Georgian 
flave,  and  hated  the  young  queen;  becaufe  fhe  was  a  king's  * 
daughter,  took  the  occafion  to  put  her  out  of  favour;  and, 
having  fu-fl  fpokeh  ill  of  her,  gave  the  ftiah  to  underfland,  by 
a  fign,  that  (he  was  hidden  in  fuch  a  place.     On  this,  Sqfi^ 
rlfing  in  a  fury,  flabbed  her  four  or  five  times  in  the  belly,  with 
a  dagger;  and,  fcarce  knowing  what  he  had  done,  went  to 
bed  again.     Next  day,  forgetful  of  the  faft^,  he  called  for  the 
queen : '  but  when  they  told  him  what  had  happened  the  night 
before,  he  became  extremely  afHifted,  and  fent  an  exprefs  man- 
date through  his  dominions,  that  no  man  fhould  drink  wine ;      .   * 
with  an  order,  that  the  governors  fhould  flave  all  the  cafks, 
and  fpill  the  liquor,  where-ever  they  found  them  P. 
*    The  third  queen  was  a  Chirkafftan  lady,  daughter  of  Bika^  Jn  odt 
and  fifler  to  prince  MuJJal.     The  mother  brought  her  as  hvlttter. 
is  the  river  Bujirow  (A),  in  1637  ;  and  wrote  to  Shah  Safi^ 
**  That  (he  fent  him  her  daughter,  not  as  a  concubine,  or 
^*  flave,  but  as  his  lawful  wife :    that  it  was  her  hope  he 
*  ^*  would  look  on  her  as  fuch :  and  that  fhe  fhould  find  from 
**  him  an  affeftion  equal  \o  that  which  fhe  hei-felf  had  ex- 
**  prefTed  towards  the  prjncefs  his  mother;  who,i  though  fhe 
**  was  then  her  flave,   and  had  undrefled  Her,  even  to  her 
"  flockens,  had- been  treated  by. her  like  her  own  child  :  that, 

•  Olear.  p.  362,  &  feq.        P  Tavern.  1.  v.  c.  i,  p.  19^© 

'    (Z)  She  was  the  mother  of        (A)    Near  Tarki,    betwcem 

S\^}iAUdsll.  Ta^&u^f.  172.      Jftrakhdn  and  Derbend^  in  Shir- 

'wda* 

ct 


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hifi^  of  the  Sbab^s  reigning  in  Pcrfia.     B.  VII, 

as  to  ber  danghtcTy  wbo  was  now  on  the  way  to  him,  ibe. 
had  rather  fee  her  drowned  in  the  river  Buftrow^  with  all 
the  mjs£ortQnes  whkh  mig^t  happen  to  her,  than  that  fhe 
«  flionld  be  iU-ufed  by  him.** 
ffis  ther       Besfdes  theie  wives,  he  had  300  women  in  his  faray ;  for 
«-«Jv«.      the  handfomeft  virgins  all  over  Perjia  were  brought  thither. 
The  grcatcft  lords  thcmfdres  prefented  him  with  the  maidens, 
whom  either  they  or  their  relations  had  brought  up.  While  our 
author  was  m  Perfia^  the  kalenter  of  Shamakhiya^  capital  of 
Stirwan^  having  had  (bme  ill  offices  done  him  at  court,  re- 
co^^ered  the  kill's  favour ;  by  preienting  him  with  his  own 
niece,  one  of  the  greateft  beauties  in  the.country,  and  a  fum 
of  money  fcnt  to  the  chancellor.     The  Armenians^  to  prevent 
the  fearches  which  are  often  nude  among  them  for  maids  oH 
twelve  years  old,  difpofe  of  them  in  marriage,  if  handfome, 
before  that  age.     By  reafcm  oi  this  great  number  of  wcnnen,  it 
happens  that  the  king  lies  but  once  with  fome  of  them ;  and 
then  bdlows  them  on  thofe  lords  of  the  court  who  are  moft  in 
his  favour. 
Bis  imth.      Shah  S<^^  or  Sefi^  died  in  the  year  1642,  in  the  twelfth 
year  of  his  reign,  or,  to  fpeak  more  properly,  of  his  tyranny. 
It  was  thought  his  life  was  Hiortened  by  poifon  (B),  as  the  only 
remedy  to  deliver  the  Perfians  from  his  cruelties. 
IBsperfim.     As  to  his  perfon,  there  was  nothing  oi  his  bloody  difpofition 
to  be  read  in  his  countenance.    On  the  contrary,  hisafpeftwas 
mild  and  amiable ;  and  his  complexion  fo  good,  that  none  who 
iaw  him  could  imagine  he  poilefled  fuch  a  barbarous  heart. 
He  was  of  a  middle  ftature,  and  very  well  Ihaped. 
Ws  cruel       He  left  a  fon,  named  Abb&i^  who  fucceeded  lum,  in  May 
$rdir         the  iame  year,  being ^en  but  thirteen  years  of  age  'i.     His  fa- 
ther, it  feems,  for  what  reafon  none  could  ever  difcover,  had 
given  orders  that  he  fhould  be  deprived  of  fight  with  the  ^ot 
iron :  but  the  eunuch  charged  with  that  office,  in  compaffion 
to  the  young  prince,  only  moved  a  cold  iron  before  his  eyes, 
teaching  him  to  counterfeit  blindnefs.    When  his  father  was  in 
his  laft  ficknefs,  he  became  deeply  afflifted  for  having  fo  treated 
his  heir :  which  the  eunuch  perceiving,  promifed  to  reftore  the 
•  prince  to  fight ;  and  accordingly,  foon  after,  brought  him,  with 

9  Olear.  1.  vi.  p.  36 J,  &  fcq. 

(B)  ^avemhr  fays,  he  died  in  northern  road  to  Ifpdhan ;  wher^ 

J 642,  of  a  furfeit,  occafioned  by  he  has  a  i^agnificent  fepulchie, 

excefs  of  drinking,  after  he  had  of  which  Chardin  has  given  the 

Tiigned  fourte«n  years.     Trav.  view,    in   his  Voy.   en    Pesfij, 

V.  c.  I.  p.  199. — ^He  was  bu-  torn.  ii.  p.  2x1. 

d  at  the  city  of  Kom^  in  the 

the 

'      Digitized  by  vJiOOQ IC 


C.  6.  9.  Sbdb  Abb&s  11.    ^ 

the  ufe  of  his  eyes,  to  the  king's  bed-fide.    The  joy  which  Sa/l 
conceived,  on  this  occafion,  prolonged  his  life  till  next  day; 
and  gave  him  time  to  command  all  the  grandees  to  acknowlege  ' 
him  as  his  rijjhtful  fucceflbr. 

On  this  occafion^  it  may  be  obfervci,  as  a  farther  ^xSoi  di  relating  tm 
the  bloody-mindednefs  of  this  fliih,  that,  beforfe  the  tunc  of  hliuMi^. 
Safi,  they  were  content  to  blind  the  royal  iflue'by  moving  a 
red-hot  iron  to  and  fro'before  theif  eyes ;  but  this  cruel  prince, 
|)erceiving  that  his  command  had  been  negligently  executed, 
and  tkat  the  poor  unhappy  princes  had  fomc  fight  left  them, 
oriered  their  eyes  to  be  du^  out  (C)  of  their  heads  K. 

C  H  A  P.    VI. 

The  Reign  of  A}M&  II. 

'CHAJH.^iW/  II.  afcended  the  throne,  at  Kajltn,  with  the     ^W* 

^  ufual  cferemonie?,  at  the  end  of  the  year  1642  ;  and  made  Abbas  II. 

Tiis  entry  into  Ifp^hAn  the  beginning  of  the  next.  On  the  day  of 

th«  folemnity,  all  the  citiasens  were  ordered  to  be  in  arms^  and 

inarch  out  of  the  city ;  where  they  were  filed  off  on  each  fide 

of  the  road.    In  the  fame  manner  were  all  the  horfe  and  foot 

ranged,   for  five  leagues  together.     All  the  road,   for  two 

leagues  from  the  city,  was  covered  with  tiffues  of  gold  and 

tilver,  filk,  carpets,  and  other  rich  (lufB.     All  this  is  done  at 

the  expence  of  the  inhabitants,  who  are  taxed  for  the  purpofe, 

ty  the  fliih  bander,  an  officer  like  our  mayor.     The  Englijb 

and  Dutch  alfo,  among  whom  was  our  author  Taverniery  went 

to  meet  the  fliah.     When  they  drew  near,  they  alighted ;  and  his  tfum* 

the  king  being  informed  by  Jdni  Khhn,  general  ot  the  horfe,  guraiiou^ 

held  hi^  leg  ftretchcd  out  of  the  ftirrup,  for  them  to  kifs  his 

*  Tavern.  1.  t.  c.  9.  p.  219. 

(C)  Chardin^  tom.  li.  p.  2ix,  According  to  Chdrdint  only  the 

afcribes  this  cruel  order  to  Jb-  pupils  of  the  eyes.     But  Theve^ 

has  II.    but  we  often  find  one  not  fays,  in  his  Travels,  part.  ii. 

piticepat  foranother^    Thus,  ch.  ti,  p.  9S.  that  the  eyes  are 

m  the  fame  place,  Cha  IJmaelCo*  taken  out  whole,  with  the  point 

^bifidi  is  pat  inftead  ot  Cha  Mo^  of  a  kanjar,  or  dagger,  and  car- 

hammedCodabende,  And, torn. iii.  ried.to  the  king,  in  a  bafou. 

p.  U,  12.  the  plot  of  Jam  Khan  He  adds,  that,  as  the  king  fenda 

IS  placed  in  the  reign  of  the  fame  whom  he  pleafes  to  do  that  cruel  . 

Abhds^  although  faid  to  be  in  the  office,  fome  princes  are  fo  but- 

ycari645,  which  can  agrceonly  chered  by  unfkilful  hands,  that 

with  the  reign  ofSa^l,  m  which  it  co^sthem  their  lives, 
Taierniir  has  rightly  inferred  ic. 

boot. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Hifiary  of  th  Sbdbs  reigning  in  Perfja.    R  VJL 

boot*  Kone  bat  the  king  rode  over  the  tUTnes,  whieh  were 
laid  fin^y  Iq)gth-way$.  On  his  left  was  the  etemad  ad- 
'dawlet,  or  prime  minifter ;  and  on  his  rights  the  general  oJF 
the  cavalry :  yet  they  did  not  ride  even  with  him,  but  fo,  that 
the  heads  of  their  hcxfes  reached  to  the  crupper  of  the  fhah*s. 
As  foon  as  the  kin^  was  pofled  over  the  ftufFs,  the  people 
icrambled  for  than,  each  catrj'iog  away  whatever  he  could  lajr 
hold  of. 
'J^r§/0gif  The  king  ftoppe<l  at  a  garcien,  called  tiezirjeriby  a  quar- 
tmfidtid.  ter  of  a  league  from  tf^&h^  thinking  tcT  have  m^e  his  eotry 
into  the  dt>'.  But  an  aftrologer  came,  and  told  him,  that  the 
fortunate  liour  was  paft ;  and  that  he  muft  ftay  three  dayd'b^- 
fore  the  lucky  minute  would  return  again.  Thb  he  complied 
Mith  ;  and  the  diird  day  made  his  entry.  For  tlu-ee  days  to- 
gether fire-woiics  were  played  off  in  the  meydan,  whofe  piazza 
was  illuminated  from  top  to  bottom.  In  the  principal  inns, 
the  merchants  bad  adorned  the  doors  and  window^  of  thqr 
chambers,  according  to  the  mode  of  thd  country  •  and  onr 
author  believes  it  coll  the  chief  of  the  Holland  company  above 
900  toir.ans.(A)  *. 
fyttt  As  the  king  of  Perfta'%  eldeft  fon  comes  very  raw  to  the 

Julfa.        throne, '  his  firft  recreation  is  to  make  fhort  journies  into  the 
provinces,  by  that  means  to  become  acquainted  with  things 
by  degrees.     Above  all,  he  never  fails  to  vifit  the  principal 
church  of  the  Armenians  at  J^lfa,  in  order  to  fee  the  women, 
who  are  very  handfome,  as  well  as  to  gratify  his  queens,  who 
are  fond  of  ^11  diverfions.     On  this  occafion,  there  is  a  kuruk 
through  the  city ;   at  what  time  all  the  men  mufl  retire  to 
.   .    J/pdhan^  or  to  their  friends  at  a  diftance.     Shah  j4bbAs  went 
feveral  times  in  that  manner  to  Jitif a  \  where  one  day  ha^dng 
feen  the  wife  of  the  Kalcnter  Gorja  Safras,  the  report  of  whofe 
beauty  had  given  him  that  curiofity,  he  liked  her  very  well ; 
and  defired  her  to  accompany  his  queens,  who  carried  her  into 
the  haram.   There  fhe  continued  fifteen  days,  and  then  re- 
turned home,  with  a  fair  pearl  necklace,  which  the  king  jnadc 
her  a  prdfent  of  when  (he  went  away  ^. 
Clock  with     On  account  of  this  fhah's  inexperience,  at  his  advancement 
ebimis.       to  the  throne,  there  was  built  a  paviU^n,  called  the  pavilion  cf 
the  chck.    This  is  a  mere  play-thing  for  a  child,  or  a  man  who 
has  feen  nothing ;  which  indeed  is  the  cafe  of  the  kings  of  Per' 
Jta,  at  their  inauguration.     It  is  a  machine  which  puts  in  mo- 

#  ' 

•  Tavern.  1.  y.  c.  I.  p.  199.  *  Ibid.  c.  r.  p.  an. 

(A)  That  is,  about  3x17/.  $/.  9/.  fterlingj  a  toman  being 

^l.gs.^jd. 

two 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


tion  a  great  number  of  large  puppets  heacisj  sir ms,  ind  fiinds, 
which  are  faftened  to  iSgures  painted  on  the  Wall,  and  hold 
mufical  inftruments ;  alfo'  the  forms  of  birds  and  beafts,  made  ' 
of  wood,  and  painted,  which  chime  ^very  hour.  ThePerJians 
behold  this  machine  with  more  admiration  than  Europeans  do 
the  clock  of  Strq/hutg,  or  that  at  Antwerp,  tmd  as  a  mafterTpiece 
of  hiechahlfm,  altho'  the  chimes  are  very  defpicable  ones,  and 
the  figures  ftiU  more  rude*.  ^ 

Tk  the  year  1645,  ^^  prince  of  the  Uzbeks  came  in  perfoii,     A.  D. 
to  defire  aid  of  Shah  y#to,  againft  his  children,  who  had     1643* 
excited  his  fubjefts  to  rebel  againft  him.     His  eldefl  fon,  who  Uzbek 
firft  took  arms,  having  gained  a  battle,  his  other  brother  joined /^^*«^* 
his  intereft :  and,  though  the  chief  of  the  nobility  ftrll  adhered 
to  the  father,  yet,  coming  to  a  fecond  battle  towards  the  end 
'  of  the  year  1642,  he  loft  it,  with  his  left  eye,  fhof  out  by  aa 
'  arrow,  which  obliged  him  to  retire  into  Perfta.     The  fhih,  to 
*  honour  him,  lent  1 5,000  horfe  and  foot  to  meet  him,  as  far  as 
Kajb&n\  which  is  four  days  journey  from  IJp&han,     His  officers 
tent,  and  led-horfes,  whofe  furniture  was  covered  with  jewels, 
were  every  day  changed.     The  way  was  covered  with  carpets,  recel*ved 
for  a  league  and  half  from  the'city ;  aiid  the  king  went  him-  luith  ho*^ 
felf  to  meet  him,  as  far  as  where  the  fluffs  began  to  be  laid,  naur^ 
Yet,  to  ihew  his  ftate,  although  young,  as  foon  as  he  faw  the 
Tatar  king,  he  made  a  (hew  of  fpurring  on  his  horfe;  and, 
being  come  up,  put  his  foot  out  of  the  ftirrup,  ^s"if  he  in- 
tended to  alight;  tfet  did  not.     The  Uzbek  prince,  as  old  a« 
he  was,  presently  leaped  from  his  laddie,  to  falute  the  Ihah, 
who  made  him  fome  compliments  on  having  alighted.     After   - 
this,  the  etemad  addawlet,  and  othdr  lords,  remounting  him, 
the  two  kings  rode  together  on  the  filks,  Abbhs  giving  his 
gueft  the  left-hand.     This  prince  lent  him  15,000  horfe,  and 
8000  foot,  with  60,000  tomans  in  money.    The  Uzbeks  Jn  re- 
turn, gave  him  one  of  his  provinces  bordering  on  Perfia,  which 
yielded  him  a  very  good  revenub  ;  in  ■  regard  the  ihhabitantis 
were  all  Turkptans  (B),  who  bred  an  infinite  number  of  cattle, 
wherein  the  wealth  of  that  province  confifts  ^. 

«  Chard.  Voy.  cnPcrfe,  torn.  HI.  p.  21.  *  Tavern. 

1.  V.  c.  x.*p.  200. 

(B)  From  this,  and  other  dr-  fled  from  the  court  of  Perfia, 

cumftances,  this  (hould  be  the  -where  he  had  been  ten  years* 

khan  of  the  Uzbeks  of  fOirazm:  and  returned  to  Karazm,  which 

but  we  find  no  fuch  account  as  was  then  in  the  hands  of  the 

this  in  the  hiftory  of  Jbuhhdzi^  Kalmuks,  •  or  Eluths ;  but  a  fear 

khan  of  that  country.     On  the  or  two  after  took  poficifion  of 

contrary,  ia  the  ywr  1642,  he  it 

Altijough 


Digitized  by 


Googte 


Hifiery  of  the  Sbdbs  reigning  in  Vtxf:\z.   B.VIL 

Although  Ktmifer  feys  tjiis  fliah's  reign  was  famous  for 
many  warlike  epcpeiiltions,  yet  authors  mentioa  but  very  it^* 
'  The  travellers  at  leaft  fpeak  of  no  more  than  two ;  namely, 
thofe  againft  Kandahkr  and  Jajkes ;  in  the  jErft  of  which  only 
he  c^me  off  with  fuccefe ;  and  this  fucceis  was  owing  more  to 
policy  0r  trearfiery,  thwi  f^cwce  of  arms,  or  military  flail.  It  has 
Dcen  already  obfeired,  in  the  reign  of  $hah  Safi^  that  AH  Mor- 
dan  Khdn^  governor  of  Kandahdr,  being  fent  for  to  court,  ra- 
ther than  truft  himfelf  in  the  hands  of  that  bloody  prince^  chofe 
to  deliver  up  that  important  fortre&  to  the  Great  MoguL  All 
the  world  believed^  after  fucfa  a  piece  of  treafon  committed  by 
the  fiithery  that  Safi  would  have  ripped  up  the  bellies  of  his 
two  fonSy  who  remained  at  his  court  as  hofta^,  Inftead  of 
that,  he  conferred  on  then^  the  fame  kind  of  favours  and  em- 
ploymepts  which  Shah  Jehdn  beftowed  on  Alt  Merdim  Kkki* 
iyt%Ufj.  This  piece  of  policy  proved  very  advantageous  to  Shah  Jk* 
bds  II.  who,  intending  to  recover  Kandahdr,  marched,  and  be- 
iieged  it  with  50,000  men.  For  the  Perfian  troops,  of  whom 
the  greater  part  of  the  Mogul  *s  army  confiAed,  remembenog 
how  kindly  Shah  Safi  had  treated  Alt  Merdan  Kbdn's  fons,  ga^ 
very  little  oppofuion  to  Sb4h  Abbds,  who,  in  a  fhort  time,  made 
himfelf  mauer  of  that  fortrefs.  On  this  occafion,  it  is  xdated, 
that  Shih  Jfehdn,  being  much  troubled  at  the  lofs,  afked  AU 
Merddn  Khdn^  By  what  means  he  might  retake  Kandahdr  f  to 
which  the  khan  made  anfwer.  That  it  might  ht  eajily  enough  done^ 
provided  his  majefty  cotdd  only  find  fuch  another  traitor  as  be 
had  been  *• 
Prittceof  Betw£EH  cape  J^a/hs  and  cape  Gu&del,  the  two  moft 
Jaikes  fputhem  points  of  the  coaft  of  Perfia^  along  the  Indian  fea, 
there  lies  a  mountainous  and  marfhy  country,  in  feveral  parts 
inacceflible,  extending  from  the  fea  to  the  province  of  Kerm^. 
This  region  was  ix)flefled  by  three  petty  princes.  The  two  to- 
wards the  eaft  are  ethnics ;  the  tlurd,  who  afTumes  the  tide 
of  prince  of  Jajkes^  and  is  moft  potent,  profedes  Moham* 
medifm.  Shah.  Abbas  I.  after  the  conqueft  of  the  province  of 
OrmAz  (or  Homdz)^  intended  to  fubdue  all  the  maritime  parts 
beyond  Jajhes :  but,  meeting  with  refiftance,  was  content  that 
the  prince  (hould  become  his  vaflal,  and  pay  him  tribute; 
which  was  performed  during  his  reign.  Bu{,  on  the  acceffiop 
of  Shah  Sefi  L  the  prince  of  Jajkes  refufed  to  pay  the  tribute, 
without  being  called  to  an  account.  At  length,  ki  the  rdga 
of  Abbds  II.  the  khan  of  Omdz^  by  his  leave,  invaded  the 
country,  with  20,000  horfe :  but,  in  hunting  as  he  marched, 

•  TAVB.Rif.-l.  V.  p.  198. 

be 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


C.6.  g.  Sh^bAbhkslI.  45i 

he  fell  into  a  bog,  and  periihed,  with  twenty  or  thirty  horfe-    A.  D. 
men  more,  1666. 

■  The  army,  on  the  khan's  death,  retreated.  However,  *—%<•*-' 
foon  after,  they  entered  the  country  again,  led  by  the  khan*s  revolt yand 
brother,  whom  Jbbds  had  fent  to  fucceed  him.  The  new  g^-f^^^W^' 
neral  made  hafte  to  reduce  the  rebellious  prince ;  but  was  de- 
feated by  him,  with  the  lofs  of  a  great  number  of  men.  Thci 
prince  of  Jajhcs^  puffed  up  with  this  fuccefs,  and  believing  the 
Perftans  would  not  return  in  hafte^  refolved  on  a  voyage  to 
Mekka^  in  order  to  return  his  prophet  thanks  :  but  the  khan, 
being  informed  of  his  defign,  had  him  way-laid  by  fea,  and 
brought  /to  Orm^z.  From  thence  he  was  conveyed  to  the 
mountains,  ten  or  twelve  leagues  diftant,  whither  the  governor 
had  retired,  to  avoid  the  heats  ;  who  immediately  fent  to  ac- 
quaint Abhds,  and  know  what  was  to  be  done  with  his  prifoner. 
Mean  time,  the  princefs  of  Jajkes^  hearing  of  her  hufband's 
misfortune,  and  being  a  woman  of  mafculine  courage,  fets  out 
•with  5  or  600  horfe ;  and,  hading  by  long  marches,  furprifes 
the  kh4n,  at  midnight,  kills  him  with  her  own  hand,  cuts  ia 
pieces  the  greater  part  of  his  men,  whom  fhe  found  afleep, 
and  carries  away  ten  or  twelve  of  his  women,  along  with  her 
hufband,  before  the  Perftans  could  put  themfelves  in  a  pofturc 
to  oppofe  her. 

ABBASy  ftill  more  incenfed  at  this  news,  fends  the  third  againft  tf>i 
brother  to  be  governor  of  Ormuz,  with  a  command  to  thofe  of  Periians. . 
Shirdz,  Ldr,  and  Kermdn,  to  march,  with  30,000  horfe,  to 
revenge  the  affront,  and  reduce  the  rebel.  But  the  prince  of 
Jq/ies,  being  affifted  by  the  other  two  maritime  princes  before- 
mentioned,  defeated  thofe  troops,  with  the  khan  of  Omdz  at 
their  head.  However,  his  lieutenant-general  happening  to  be 
taken  prifoner  in  the  battle,  the  khan,  in  revenge  of  his  bro- 
ther's death,  caufed  His  body  to  be  larded  with  lighted  candles, 
and  led  about  the  ftreets,  mounted  on  a  camel,  at  noon.  But, 
after  he  had  been  thus  tormented,  for  three  days  together,  the 
khan,  at  the  interceflion  of  the  Dutch  company,  forbore  hia 
cruel  treatment  K 

Shah  AbMs  11.  reigned  about  twenty-four  years,  and,  ,ac-  Abbas 
cording  to  Tavernier,  died  of  an  inflammation  in  his  throat,  JUs  of  the 
which  came  by  exceffive  drinking  «.     But  this  prince's  death /<?;f? 
is  more  particularly  related  by  Kempfer  and  Chardin.    The  firft 
informs  us^  that,  being  at  his  palace  of  Afiirdf  in  the  pro- 
vince oi  Mazdnderdriy  or  Tabreftdn^  he  took  a  fancy  to  lie 
with  one  of  the  dancers,  who  belonged  to  the  court :    and  al- 
though the  girl  fell  on  her  knees,  intreating  him  to  forbear, 

^  Tavern,  c.  5^.  jp.  217.  «  Ib'd.  p.  200. 

'   Mod.  Hist.  VQJ..V,  |J  h  % 

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Wftory  of  the  Sbdbs  reigning  in  Perfia.     B.  VII ' 

for  that  ftie  was  infefted  with  the  foul  difeafe;  yet  he  would 
not  be  perfuaded.     A  month  after,  the  fymptoms  of  a  pox 
appeared  on  him ;  which,  through  negleft,  broke^  out  over 
bis  whole  body.  *  As  he  took  no  care  to  live  regularly,  and 
Ijis  phyficiaos,  through  want  of  fldll,  or  virulence  of  the  dif- 
temper,  were  at  a  lofs  how  to  treat  it,  the  contagion  dege- 
nerated into  a  cancer,  which  ate  away  the  palate  of  his  mouth, 
and  bridge  of  his  nofc. 
in  great         Eight  days  before  he  died,  when  it  was  too  l^te,  heb^a 
torture,      to  live  more  regularly ;  and  removed  to  Khofraivabiid,  a  vill^ 
near  Damagdn.   There  he  pafled  his  time  among  his  women,  m 
couverfation,  reading,  and  painting,  in  which  he  was  conti- 
nually employed.     But,  while  he  flattered  himfelf  with  the 
hopes  of  living,  and  being  foon  able  to  undertake  hi^  long  de- 
/igned  expedition  againll  the  Uzbeks  of  Balk,  he  was  one  evening 
fuddcnly  feized  with  fuch  intolerable  pains,  that  in  the  night  he 
ran  diftrafted ;  and  died  about  four  in  the  moxning,  accufing 
his  phyficians  with  having  poifoned  him,  on  the  26th  of  Ka- 
bmUakar,  in  the  year  of  the  Hejrah  1077,  which  anfwers  to 
the  25th  oi  September,  N.  S.  1666  ^. 
His  fi'  CHJRDIN  fays  more  exprefly,  that  his  death  was  owing 

fulchre,  ^P  ^°  impofthume,  caufed  by  the  veaereal  difeafe,  which  ate 
quite  through  his  throat :  fo  that  he  could  fwallow  nothingt 
every  thing  he  took  pafling  out  by  that  orifice,  •  which  opened 
his  mouth  quite  through  his  head.  A  matter,  fays  this  author, 
not  only  extraordinary  in  itfelf,  but  the  more  ifurpriiing  in  ^ 
king  of  Perfidy  whofe  haram  is  fo  well  furnifhed  with  choice 
of  women ».  But  the  feeming  difficulty  has  been  already  cleared 
up  by  Kempfer.  He  was  buried  at  Kom  (C),  where  he  has  a 
^gnificent  fepulchre,  near  that  of  Safi,  or  Seji  j  the  draught 
of  which  is  given  us  by  Chardin  ^, 
CharaBer,  ABBAS  was  a  prince  of  great  capacity,  and  famou$  for 
many  warlike  expeditions.  Juft,  prudent,  and  gracious,  to  all 
men ;  but  kinder  to  ftrangers  than  his  own  people,  ^hom  he 
would  not  fufFer  to  abufe  Chriftians.  He  even  removed  fomc 
of  his  confiderable  officers,  both  ecclefiaftical  and  civil,  who 
.bore  them  an  ill-will;  comparing  the  flate  to  %  body,  whofe 
members  ought  to  agree  among  themfelves,  and  whofe  prince 
fhould  diftribute  love  and  juflice  to  them  all  alike.  If  both 
Pcrftans  and  Chriftians*  are  to 'be  believed,  it  is  hard  to  name 
the  virtue  which  he  was  not  poflefTed  of.  Hi^  only  vices  were 
wine  and  wpmen,  ^yhich  brought  him  to  his  grave  K 

.    ^  Kempf.  Aman.   cxot.   Fafcic.  i.    p.   28.        •    *,  Chard. 
vibi  fupra,  torn.  II.  p.  148.  ^  Ubi  fupra,  torn.  ^.   p.  ^07. 

*  KiMPF.  ubi  fupra. 

{Q)  Tavernier^  by  i^iilake  oi,  the  prii^cp,  has  tiq§K  for  ^om. 

Ttti* 


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C.  5-  .   9.  -S£ii6  Abbas  tl.  4^3 

This  is  the  cliarafter  of  JiMsll.  as  given  \yj,Kemi>fer.     A,  D. 
^ut  Tavernier,  who  was  in  Per/ia  during  his  reign,  and  en-     '^^^\ 
tertained  by  him  at  Ifpiihan,  fays,  he  was  no  lefs  cruel  than  his  ^--—v-**^ 
father  Sqfi^  and  would  be  as  punftually  obeyed  ".    In  anbther  ^1^  ^'**"' 
place,  he  obfervcs,  that  this  fhah  was  too  much  addidted  to  ^  ^* 
drinking,  and  governed  by  pafGon,     However,  he  adds,  that 
otherwife  Ahhhs  was  a  lover  of  jiiftice,  as  well  as  very  magni- 
iicent  and  generous  to  ftrangers  ". 

That  our  readers  may  the  better  form  a  judgment  of  the  An  in- 
cKara<5ler  of  this  prince,  we  (hall  illuft'rate  it  by  inftances.  KvAftch'ce. 
iirft,  of  his  cruelty.  Abhas  had  two  fillers,  whom  he  married 
to  two  of  his  lords,  both  very  rich,  but  of  mean  extraftiori. 
Soon  after,  linderftanding  that  they  were  with  child,  he  or- 
dered phyfic  to  be  given  them,  to  deftroy  the  foetus's.  About 
three  months  after,  he  was  informed  they  were  pregnant  again, 
and  fuiFefedthem  to  be  brought  to  bed  i  but  commanded  that 
they  (hoiild  not  give  the  children  any  nourifhmcnt,  but  let 
them  ftarvc  to  death. 

This  prince  caufed  the  tongue  of  one,  who  filled  him  to-  Anothsr* 
bacco,  to  be  cut  out,  for  a  word  fpoken  idly,  for  Abbds 
calling  for  tobacco,  one  of  the  pages  ran  haftily  to  the  perfon 
who  hald  it  in  charge,  and  bidding  him  make  halle ;  the  other 
anfwered;  fiiarply.  To  hell!  have  a  little  patience.  The"  fiiall 
being' informed  of  it,  fentenced  him  to  the  punittiment  above- 
mentioned.  .  .The  poor  man  defired  the  executioner  to  cut  it 
as  deep  as  he  could,  and  leave  it  very  ftiort,  by  which  itieans  he 

..fpoke  fonie  words  to  be  underftood  0. 

Among  other  excefles  committed  by  this  fhah,  in  his  cups,  La^n 
oAe  time  returning  home  in  licjuor,  he  would  needs  drink  ou,  burnt 
and  forced  three  women  to  drink  with  him.    The  ladies,  fini-  ali<ve. 
injg  he  would  not  give  over,  ftole  away,  one  after  another,  . 
without  taking  leave :  which  Ahl&s  perceivings  in  a  mad  hu- 
mour ien't  his  eunuchs  to  fetch  them  back  ;^nd,  being  come, 
ordered  them  to  be  thrown  into  the  fire,  where  they  wfere  burnt 
to  death  ^. 

ABBAS  had  another  of  his  women,  one  of  the  finefl:  cre'a-  A  fourth 
tures  among  them,  burnt  alive,  for  putting  a  deceit  upon  him,"  injiance. 
to  avoid  being  gotten  with  child.     One  night  fending  for  this 
lady  to  come  to  his  bed,  fhe  excufed  herfelf,  under  pretence 
that  /he  was  out  of  order,  and  durfl  not  approach  his  perfon 
in  thkt  condition.     Next  day,  the  fhah  went  to  her  chamber ; 

'and  fhe,  feeing  him  enter,  fell  at  his  feet,  befeeching  him  not 
to  touch  her,  out  of  order  as  fbe  aflurei  hinx^  fhe  was. .  Ahhh'^ 

«  Tavern.  J.  v.  c.  5.  p.  209,        »  Ibid,  p.  an.        •  Ibid. 
|).^6j.        >  Ibid.  1.  iv.  c.  13.  p.  172. 


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484  Hijiory  0f  the  Sbdbs  nigning  in  Perfia.    B.  VIL 

A.  D.     whofc  love  made  him  fufpicious,  caufcd  her  to  be  examined ; 
1 606.     and  being  informed,  that  what  (he  had  told  him  was  falfe,  he 
u  i»y— M^  ordered  her  to  be  bound  in  a  chimney,  with  wood  fet  round 
her,  and  there  confumed  by  fire.     The  reafon  why  this  young 
lady  avoided  the  king's  carefles,   was,  becaufe  thofe  of  the 
haram  who  have  once  had  a  child,  or  only  beeo  with  child, 
are  rarely  ever  given  to  the  great  lords  for  wives,  as  the  others 
are ;  a  thing  which  they  all  covet,  in  order  to  be  delivered 
from  the  confinement  they  are  under  in  the  palace  ^. 
Jpohgy  ^T  niay»  indeed,  be  faid,  in  excufe  of  this  prince,  that  the 

/or  him,  afts  of  cruelty  which  he  committed  were  rather  the  efleft  of 
his  drinking,  than  his  natural  temper  :  for  moft  of  thofe  cruel 
orders  which  we  meet  with  an  account  of,  were  given  when 
he  was  in  liquor.  On  the  other  hand,  the  parties  who  fell 
the  viftims  of  his  excefles,  were  often  the  caufe  of  their  own 
own  misfortunes.  However,  it  does  not  appear  that  the  fol- 
lowing inflance  hath  either  of  thofe  palliations  to  allege  in  his 
favour. 
Bar^arqui  In  the  year  1 620,  Jbbds  the  Great  baniftied  a  great  num- 
^rder.  ber  of  eunuchs  from  court,  who  were  ufelefs,  and  only  in- 
cumbered his  palace,  afTigning  them  a  large  hotel,  divided  into 
feveral  piles  of  building,  with  gardens  belonging  to  them« 
But,  thirty  years  after,  JhbAs  II.  finding  that  thefc  eunuchs 
did  not  die  faft  enough,  fent  perfons  one  night  to  kill  thofe 
who  were  youneeft,  and  bury  them  in  the  garden,  with- 
out any  noife :  fo  that,  in  1 667^  when  Chardin  was  at  ^- 
hdn,  there  did  not  remain  above  fifteen  or  fixteen  ^ 
Jn/fance  of  For  all  this  fhah  did  afts  of  injuflice  himfelf,  he  would  not 
jfifiic$,  ixxfkv  others  to  follow  his  example.  In  a  mofk  at  KorAiJbdh^  a 
town  not  far  from  Ifpdhdn^  in  the  road  to  Kdmrun^  there  are 
kept  certain  filhes,  held  to  be  facred.  One  day  an  Armemant 
who  was  in  the  mofk,  ventured  to  take  fome  of  the  fifh,  think- 
ing nobody  obferved  him.  But  it  happened,  unluckily,  that 
he  was  perceiveiby  a  Perfiariy  who,  nred  with  religious  zeal, 
ran  at  him,  with  his  poniard  in  hand,  and  flew  him  on  the 
fpot ;  imagining  that  he  did  a  good  aft,  to  revenge  the  facrl- 
lege  committed  on  things  fanftified  by  his  religion.  Thefadr, 
who  is  the  grand  pontiff  of  Pcrfia,  believed  (o  too ;  and  there- 
fore, on  the  murderer's  application,  gave  him  abfoTutioa,  for 
|L  fmall  fum  of  money ;  declaring,  that  he-killed  the  y^rmenian 
very  jufVly.  But  the  king,  bein^^trformed  of  the  a^ir,  ridi- 
culed the  Impertinent  reafoning  of  the  ecclefiaflics.  That  to 
fake  aiony  confecratedjijhy  was  a  crime,  for  which  the  farty  dt- 
Jerved  to  be  killed  by  the  Jirjl  per/on  who  met  him ;  and  rcpri- 

f  CNARPr  topi,  II,  p.  279,' '  '  Ibid.  torn.  III.  p.  71. 

mandliii 

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C.  6.  g.  SbabAhhhll.  48^ 

manding  the  fadr*  feverely,  obliged  him  to  pay  a  fine  tb  the  fa-  A.  D. 
mily  of  the  Armenian,  who  had  been  flain ;  and  ordered  the  1666. 
Per/ian  murderer  to  be  puniihed  •.  <m**-V^*«^ 

One  time  the  nazar,  or/eer,  who  is  like  the  grand  mafter  ^-^^  «««^ 
of  the  king's  houfe  in  France,  being  a  perfon  of  low  extraftion,  t^^^J^ 
and  advanced  to  that  dignity  in  a  ftiort  time,  grew  fo  proud, 
that  he  contemned  all  the  lords  of  the  court.     There  was  no 
dealing  with  him  about  any  bufinefsj  unlefs  he  was  firft  pre- 
fen  ted;  and  he  paid  nobody,  without  making  fome  advantage 
of  it.     The  people  hereupon  cried  out  againft  him :  but,  al- 
though every  body  had  reafon  to  complain,  none  knew  how  to 
come  at  the  king,  to  make  their  complaints.     At  length  they 
made  their  application  to  the  mafter  of  the  wardrobe,  and  high 
treafurer,  two  black  eunuchs,  who  had  the  king's  ear  in  the 
night.     Thefe,  taking  the  opportunity,  when  Abh&s  was  in  a  •     ^ 
good  hum,our,  let  fall  fome  words  concerning  the  nazar's  ma- 
nagement of  affairs ;  and  thence  Aid  into  a  detail  of  his  in- 
juftice,  which  caufed  the  people  to  cry  out  againft  him,  and 
fpeak  evil  of  his  government.     One  morning,  after  this,  whea 
the  king  intended  to  go  a  hunting,  the  nazar,  who  had  always 
a  large  train  attending  him,  coming  to  the  fhah's  tent,  was    . 
denied  entrance  by  one  of  thofe  eunuchs.  About  the  fame  time, 
j4bbds  came  forth,  and  feeing  him  there,  commanded  his  of- 
ficers to  take  off  the  bonnet  from  the  head  of  that  dog,  who  re-fi^  *^y^i 
ceived  gifts  from  his  people ;  and  that  hejhould  fit  three  days^f^^J'^^*** 
hare-headed,  in  the  heat  of  the  fan,  and  as  many  nights  expofed 
to  the  air.  After  this,  he  conunanded,  that  he  fliould  be  chained 
about  the  neck  and  arms ;  condemning  him,  at  the  fame  time, 
to  perpetual  imprifonment,  with  no  more  than  one  mahmudi 
(or  eight  pence  halfpeny)  per  day,  for  his  fubfiftence :    but  he 
died  for  grief,  within  eight  days  after  his  confinement. 

JJFFER  Kh&n,  governor  of  JJiarabad  (D),   was  a  gz-T'wofiat'^ 
nerous  lord,  and  kept  a  magnificent  train.     At  firft,  his  ad-  terers  pL* 
miniftration  was  very  mild ;  but  at  laft  he  opprefled  the  people  ^^fi^^ 
with  heavy  exaftions.     The  king  being  one  day  drinking  with 
Ibme  of  his  lords,  and  feeing  the  mafter  of  his  mufic,  who 
was  a  merry  droll,  aiked  him  what  th^  people  faid  of  Jhffer 
Kh^n ;  adding,  that,  though  he  had  made  him  governor  of  fe* 
veral  provinces,  he  had  never  heard  any  complaint  of  him  be- 
fore :  but  that  now  he  was  accufed  of  very  tyrannicaj  proceed- 
ings.    The  mufic-mafter,  who  was  a  mere  flatterer,  knowing 
rtiat  the  khan  was  extremely  beloved  by  the  king,  confidendy 

*  Chard,  torn.  IIL  p.  91. 

^D)  A  city  o{Jgrjdn^  on  the  Caffigit  fct- 

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Hijlory  of  fBe  Sbdbs  rttpting  in  Perfia.     B.  VIT. 

9tchti,  that  he  was  falfely  accufed ;  and  that,  fo  his  kQow- 

1^,  he  Was  always  aptcr  to  gfv^e  than  to  receive.    Th^e  ^as, 

at  the  fame  time,  in  the  apartment,  an  haji,  namfed  Man^chat 

jfW*  tMft'^  KhAiiy  lately  returned  from  M^kka,  who,  having  been  long 

•*/  */a-   acquainted  with  JAfirr  Khdn,  was  aited  the  fame  queftion,  arid 

^""^^  ^*     returned  the  fame  anfw^er.     Hereupon  the  king,  who  had  beefa 

Well  -informed  df  the  khan's  behaviour,  turning  to  the  lords 

then  prefent,  (kid,  fVhat  think  ye  qfthefe  two  flatterers ^  who 

Jpeuk  JireSHy  contrary  to  what  they  know  ?    And,  at  the  fame 

titne,  commanded  two  of  the  mufic-mafter's  teeth  to  be  pulled 

cAit  of  his  mouth,  and  driven  into  thfe  head  of  thfe  haji,  which 

Tiad  like  to  have  cbft  him  his  Hfe,  being  a  very  old  man.    As 

fof  J^er  Kk&n,  he  was  dlfgraced  for  a  while ;  but,  being  a 

pferfon  of  fhie  qualities,  w^S  afteru'ards  recalled  to  court '. 

tindtothi     ABBAS  was  very  kind  to  the  Franks,  or  EuropcarJ,    Hfe 

pranks,     not  only  honoured  Tavernier  with  a  kalaat  and  gown,  brk 

ipvited  hirti  to  entertainments.    Particularly,  in  January  i66^, 

being  fent  for  one  mbrning  to  court,  he  fouhd  Father  Raphael^ 

fuperior  of  the  capuchins,  and  two  Dutchmen^  with  the  nazar ; 

who,  after  a  while,  broujght  them  to  the  rdom  Wherfe  the  king 

was,  fitting  on  a  low  pallet,  with  two  mattrefles,  toVered  w  ith 

a  rich  carpet.     He  leaned  his  back  againft  i  large  culhion,  fbifr 

feet  long,  having  before  him  eight  or  teti  plates  of  fruits  and 

{Veetrtieats.     There  Hood  alfo  two  bottles,  with  lon^"  roiind 

necks,  of  Venice  cryftd,   flopped  with  pitch,  full  oA  Shir^ 

wine,  and  a  gold  cup;     On  one  fide  was  a  velfel  with  a  handle, 

near  full  of  the  fame  fdrt  of  wine,  with  a  gold  ladle,  which 

held  the  quantity  of  a  pint.     The  bdttles  Were  for  the  kiiig^s 

dfinfcing ;  that  in  the  tub  for  his  gudls. 

Treats  Af'tER  they  had  made  their  dbeifarices,^  th$  king  called  to 

tkem  Raphael,  faying,  Corfie  hithet,  comd  hither.  The  frier  Went  towardis 

him,  and,  being  near,  fell  on  his  knees,   kapha'el,  faid  Jhh&Sy  if 

thou  wilt  drink  wind, Jl  ay  hei-e  y  if  net,  he  gone.  The  frier,  though 

Uriacci^ftomed  to  drlnic  wine,  replied.  That,  Jthce  his  maj^y 

did  him  fo  great  an  honour,  he  was  wilUng  to  drink  a  Utile,' 

*Tis  very  well,  ahfwercd  the  king,  fmiling,  go  then,  and  tah 

thy  feat.     Hereupon  he  bid  one  of  tlit  Dutchmen  to  fill  fbme 

*wine  :  which  he  did,  with  a  trembling  hand,  being  untfed  to 

drink  with  kings ;  ahd  having  laid  his  hat  on  the  carpet,  the 

Ihah  ordered  him  to  put  it  on,  it  being  a  very '  igdoininioo^ 

thing  in  Perfia  to  be  bare-headed.  The  great  ladle  went  firiartlV 

abbut,  cohfidering'  it  was  but  early  in  the  fbrenoori.    At  length 

the  king,  bethinldng  himfelf  that  the  Franks  were  not  ufeato 

*  Tavern.  1.  v,  •.  5.  p.  ?IQ. 

•  Digitized  by  CjOOQ IC 


drink  without  i^tiqg,  gave  orders  for  viftuals  to  oc  l>roTa^ty    A.  D. 
coafiftingof.tothfle^audfiih    roafted  and  boiled.  1666, 

.  AFf  ER  tMs  bi'cakfait,  tl?e  kiqg  put  our  author  upon  a  re-  VrTvrwii^< 
latiqn  of  bis  travels  i^to  India ;  and>  opening  a  fatcfael,  dre\y  ^^t^^^ 
out  fever^  portr^ture;s,  Jn  miniatiLire,  reprefcfiting  the  Greatf^^,^ 
JVIogt^Uj  ^nd  their  foas,  with  fome  r^ahs  and  officers  pf  the  ^^^-^^ 
court,  whom  Tavernier  knew,  by  their  refemblance.     Among 
tbe r^ft,  therie were  the  piftnrcs  of  fome  ladies;  which  turned 
t|je  difcourfe  on  the  fubjeft  of  beauty,  and  gave  the  fli.ah  ^ 
CNcpalJdn  to  ail: our  ap Aor's  ppinion  abput  it;  which  gavehioi 
fopae  div^fion.     After  this,  he  put  qucftions  cpncernipg  the 
prefent  ftate  of  Europe ;  aad,  as  he  fpoke  very  low>  the  reft  of 
the  company  retired  out  of  hearing,  only  the  king's  uacl^  kept 
his  place,  ftanding  five  or  fix'  paces  behind  his  majefty.     At 
intervals  the  dancers  were  cajled  in;  and  Jbbds  diverted Jiim*  An  in-^ 
felf  with  alking  our  autlipr,  wljich  he  thought  handfomeft,  ^^fiancu 
^eafons  for  his  opinion,  and  n;iaking  tloem  lufs  hia^«     Thus  this 
tipn^  paf&d  tiJl  0eyen  &t  night  \  when  the  kiog  inquired  if  any 
prefenj  fc^ew  hpw  to  fing.     On  this,  one  M-  Daulier  began  \ 
y^tTayernier,  obferving  that  the  king  did  not  like  his  yoice, 
^ecaqfe  not  %  bafe,  and  being  in  a  iperry  vein,  fang  a  drinking 
^  J  W'hich  fo  nleafed  his  majefty,  that  he  cried  out,  ^^rik 
4/M  •'  ^^rik  Allah  /  Q  !  the  works  cf'CodI 

Fqr  ^  this  copdefc^nfion  and  freedom,  which  was  f9iiin4 
iQ  Apff^Sy  he  wpuld  npt  fuffer  any  afts  of  mifbehaviour  or  difr 
.^efpeft  frou>  ftr^qgers,  any  mor^  than  his  own  fubje<Ss  5  ^    ^   . 
V^iy  appear  from  the  following  inftances.     Next  night,  jthe  Effeis^^ 
t^ing  f(^U  ^  drinking  (E)  ag^in  with  company,  among  whg«n  Upm^^ 
Jxere  was  ^  haji,  or  pilgrim*  newly  reti?ru^d  from  Mekka^ 
^nd  confeqijently  oyig^  n^^ver  to  drinl^  wine.    While  this  haji 
ftay'd,  one  of  the  Perfian  lords  got  fo  deeply  fuddled,  that  hij 
^ice  ftruck  the  h^ji's  turban  from  hi$  head ;  refufed  to  drii>k« 
when  the  king  commanded  him ;  played  the  fool  with  the  wo-^ 
fr\?n,  when  dancing ;  4Ad  comnutted  fo  many  other  impertl- 
pencies,  that  the  kmg  at  laft,  in  a  great  fury,  faid.  This  raf- 
cal  has  Iqft  all  his  refpe^y  ^nd  thinks  he  is  no  more  my  Jlave  ! 
^rag  him  otit  by  the  heds^  ami  throw  him  tq  the  dogs !    He  wa^ 
accordingly  dragged  out  of  the  hall,  by  four  or  igve  officeF$  \ 
^p^d  every  body  wondered  that  he  was  not  thrown  to  the  dogs,:  . 
bj^t  it  was  thought  {bme  of  the  king's  wpm^n  begged  him  oijFl 

(E)    ^hcvenot  fays,    he  had  drank  one.  drop ;  fothatbecon^ 

fo  ftrong  a  head,  that,  after  a  tinned  it  one  day  mere,  wj:h- 

whole  day's  debauch,  having  fent  out  intcrmiffion  ;    being  fqlcjpm 

fer  thje  J^vjirri&,  they  found  him.  drijnk.     Trav.   part  ii.   ch.  ru 

as   fober,    and   in    as    good   a  p.  100. 
itL9iXSit  of  mind,  as  if  he  had  not 

At 

«  Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


48 1  Hifi^  of  the  Sbdhs  reigning  in  Pcrfia.     B.  VII. 

A.  D«    At  this  eQtertaioment  one  of  the  dancers  gave  another  a  box  on 
1666.     the  ear,  in  the  gallery  where  they  were  drinking  together : 
U^V^**^  which  jtt  being  heard  by  the  king  in  the  hall,  he  ord^^ed  her 
to  be  ftruck  out  of  the  number  of  courtezans,  and  another  put 
In  her  place,  by  the  daruga,  or  judge  of  the  city ;  who  was  ta 
get  her  married,  and  100  tomans  were  allowed  her  for  a  por- 
tion ". 
If  arrow         J  AFTER  Kh&n  being  reftored  to  favour,  the  king  fent  for 
^^   .     fcveral  lords  of  the  court  to  come  and  drink  with  them.    He 
likewife  OHnmanded  five  Franks^  who  were  in  his  fervice,  to 
attend :  their  names  Xvere,  Sain^  a  goldfmith ;  Lagis  and  Va- 
rittf  watch-makers;   with  Marais  and  Bernard^  gun-finiths. 
After  they  had  been  warmed  a  little  with  wne,  the  kmg  drew  off 
his  finger  a  ruby,  which  our  author  fold  him  for  100  tomans, 
and  a  diamond  jewel  worth  1400,  which  he  gave  to  Jdfer 
Khdriy  vnxh.  whom  he  whifpered  at  the  fame  time.    The  nazar, 
who  fat  at  a  diftance,  fancying  the  (hah  was  talking  about  the 
incurfions  of  the  Uzbeks  toward  Mafhhdd  (or  T4s)^  and  bdng 
emboldened  by  the  liquor,  told  his  majefty,  aloud.  That  if  he 
vxmld  let  him  have  but  4000  horfe,  he  would  cut  all  that  rabble 
to  pieces.     The  king,  difpleafed  at  this  freedom,  bid  him  holi 
Ins  tongue^  andgojleep.    For  all  this,  Marais^  who,  when  in 
liquor,  could  not  forbear  prating,  took  on  him  alfo  to  tell 
Shah  Abb^y  That,  if  he  vf anted  a  general^  none  was  Jitter 
than  Jaffer  Khan ;  and  fell  into  a  long  detail  of  his  praifes. 
The  king  commanded  him  to  be  filent ;  which  he  was  for  a 
^rg^  while,  and  then  began  his  impertinencies  again.     On  this,  Ab- 

French-    his  ordered  the  meter,  or  jnafler  of  his  wardrobe,  to  drag  him 
|aan.         out  of  the  room  by  the  feet  j  and  rip  up  his  belly.  He  was  dragged 
out  accordingly :  but  the  meter,  having  a  great  kindnefifor 
him,  and  knowing  the  king  loved  him  much,  delayed  the  exe- 
cution, by  pulling  off  his  clothes  very  leifurely;  and,  finding 
that  his  majefty  did  not  rife  to  go  into  the  haram,  which  is  a 
fign  that  no  pardon  will  be  given,  he  caufed  him  to  be  dragged 
as  near  the  king  as  he  could,  to  move  his  compafCon,  while 
fome  of  the  lords  implored  mercy  for  him  :  which,  at  length, 
Abbds  granted,  ordering  him  to  put  on  his  clothes  again,  and 
refume  his  place  *. 
Drawings      ABBAS  was  a  lover  of  the  mechanical  arts,  and  artifans. 
oflihbL.  It  li^*  hcGti  already  remarked,  that  he  was  fond  of  drawing; 
and  Tavemier  tells  us,  that  he  delivered  to  him  the  patterns  of 
feveral  forts  of  drinking-cups,  and  trenchers,  with  that  of  % 

»  Taybun.  I.ir.  c.  17.  p.  183.        ■  Ibid.  1.  r.  c.  5.  p.  210, 
&  feq. 

da^er 

,  •     Digitized  by  CiOOQIC 


C.  6.  9.  SbdbAtiba&lI. 

dagger  (F),  in  order  to  have  them  made  in  France :  the 
dagger  was  to  be  goldfmiths  work,  enamelled,  Thefe  pat- 
terns were  drawn  by  himfclf  (G),  having  learned  to  defign  of 
two  Dutchmen^  who  were  in  his  fervicc  y.  Chardin  informs 
us,  that,  befides  drawing,  he  knew  how  to  turn,  and  write 
very  neatly  ^.  But  this  is  not  fo  ftrange,  as  what  the  fame  au- 
thor relates  concerning  two  blind  princes  of  the  blood,  one  of 
wiiom  made  all  forts  of  models  (in  wood  or  wax),  to  great 
perfection ;  and  the  other  was  well-fkilled  in  mathematics, 
efpecially  algebra.  He  could  fo  well  diftinguifh  the  goodnefs 
and  difference  of  work,  by  his  feeling,  and  ear,  that  he  would 
buy  watches  of  great  price  upon  his  own  judgment  ■. 


icn 


7  Tavern.  1.  iv.  c.  16,  17.  p.  181.  183.         ^  Chard.  Voy 
.  Perfe,  tom.  II.  p.  215.        *  Id.  ibid.  torn.  III.  p.  64,  &  fcq. 


*  Chard.  Voy, 


'  (F)  Kempfiir  obferves,  that, 
among  other  inftances  of  his  in- 
duftry,  he  made  the  handle  of  a 
fimeter  in  wax;  and  adorned  it, 
in  a  very  beautiful  manner,  with 
jewels,  to  the  value  of  1 500  to- 
mans, as  a  pattern  for  the  fword- 
xnaker  to  fet  them  in  a  gold 


handle.     Kempf,  Amsenit.  exot. 
Fafc.  I.  Relat.  2.  p.  28. 

(G)  This  prince  built  Seadet 
Jbbdsy  that  is,  the  abode,  or  feat, 
of  felicity y  one  of  the  fuburbs  of 
Iffahdft.  Chard,  Voy.  tom.  III. 
P-75- 


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