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Martin Buber, Gessmmelte Werke, ed. Richard Beer - Hofmann (Frankfurt am ( ^ )
Main: Fischer, 1963).
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Karl Marx: The Karl Marx Library, trans. Saul K. Padower (New York, (t)
Mc-Graw-Hill, 1972).
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«Psychological Review no. 20 (1913) p. iv-^' U?»-JI ^ lO^j 0>^i i}jii (^)
.liw^lj OLj>I uw J^U J«:. a^ji V *Jli 158»
Gyorge Lukacs: Existentialism or Maxism, Studies in :ijS\^ji ^^jyt»r (Y)
European realism, trans. Edith Bone (London: Hillway Publishing Co., 1950).
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«ou.-sL-» i-^ ^_^1 j_^ uw Id* ur^- bf - ilIsOi ^ lipL oir
Evan P. Pavlov: Experimental Psychology, Essays in Psychology :^j^^ d\^\ (t)
and Psychiatry (New York: Citadel Press, 1962).
H. Berr, in his introduction to lewis H. Morgan: Ancient Society :vi •■* (^)
(Chicago: C.H. Kerr, 1907).
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^ U i!_^jS/l Lu. ((OLj>I (^ Jaii /i; viJUji :^> ^,j^\ bu. ^^Ul
Titus Carus Lucretius: De rerum natura, trans. W.H.D. Rouse, 3rd. ed.
(Cambridge, MA; Harvard University Press, 1937).
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j^L,»*^ 4:;ijj jL>.-^i ca> i3J ^la fr^ jr j*i tA>.-^i ^;;p- ^wi>ji
Friedrich Engles: The Part played by labour in the transition from j^l 'i^j^j O)
Ape to Man, Dialectics of Nature, ed. Clemens Dutt (London: Laurence &
Wishart, 1941).
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Henri Bergson: Creative Evolution, trans. Arthur Mitchell, Oj— >-ji t^^ (V)
(New York: The Modern Library, 1944).
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Konrad Lorenz: King :«>j^ ^l>^» iv»Uuj ^f^jj ^^jy jj~»j^l <i^l>^i Jo^ (A)
Solomon's Ring: New Light in Animal Ways, trans. Marjorie Kerr Wilson
(New York: Crowell, 1952).
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Bergson: Creative Evolution o^-^j is_p> ( ^ • )
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«^j^»j Hubert ((Oyy>» j^ JT .Jlsoj Jij .SJiA* ^^^aW j»^U2>-1
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Lucien Henry: The Origin of religion... tjy* OL*^ (\ Y)
cfy^3 '•jp:^ ^y^ : J^l^ ^'^ Js^ ,y^^ J!i\ ^y^\ eJuo Mauss
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H.G. Wells: Short history of the world, rev. ed. (New York: Pelican jlj .r .j> (^ V)
Books, 1946) p. 51.
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= Plutarch's Morals, ed. William W. Goodwin (Boston: Little Brown & Co., 1883).
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W SUi Nl ,ja;>o- N j^'l-UI OLJ^ v^' «L^I 'Jl Henri Simle ((J-*--
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:>!
Henry Bergson: Les deux sources de la morale, et de la Religion (Paris: Librarie
Felix Mean, 1932) p. 105.
Salomon Reinach: Cults, mythes et religion (Paris; n.p., 1905). ^.j Oj-JL- (^ <\)
:>jl ai\~- JjJ4 UU cjyw N ^'IjlJI >JL_J>I Ols (Y >)
U.A. Frankfurth: From Myth to Philosophy, Serbocroatian trans. (Subtica -
Beograd: Minerva, 1967) p. 12.
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1^
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Neitzsche: Thus Spoke Zarathustra. ^^^■'bj (^' '-^ '^i^
.^yiUJi ^j.^^ j.i<ji ^u)i j»^ jjUJi <,iriJi ^
Andrei Voznesensky, n.p.d. ,_j$L.>i^jji 4jjji;f (t£)
Bukin. j^j, ^Lij^\ ^UU jjL .1^ Jl 5jU:)/l (T o)
Oij OljA^rJI ^ JJcj JuTj i^j. JilS J»je- J»^\ OL^l Ol -i^
^j ;LJL-y Altamira <iSjM^% ^3 Lt.\j>^'^. ^^ ^ ^y-j ^-^J
jy^\ eJlA jj^ jJ:^^ .l-^>ri ((l^L.)) ^y li-X^-j ;L-J^ Lascau Sj^"^))
i;^ UJI ^.y^P JU. C^.cl4. M-^I ^b^'^> ^^ 5> Ii. jU'yi ,UJP
wu..^ A-laiJ Ai>-U- ^j^ V>^>^Ij r-^' ''^"^ Jt?*^ (/ i^^)" ^J '^l
^^1 ^pL^Ij V J^ c^JJl ^t ^;-5^- \^\ ;A.U>JJ -kii O-^ L^*5Ui
l^^ l^\)\ JJLJI dil- ^A.ti ;U.U. L^/ (^.aJI ^L^V* ^y -^
^^,^. L. ^^ d\ .iSjU\ ^\ Jj> IX^ ili*l CjJl frWi^l e>^ ^r~J '2:^'
Albert Camus: «L'homme revolte (Paris: Gallimard, 1951). «>*^ j^l» (^ 1)
ij3 cJJUillj c^UJI jilS^lj ,;,i^| i^.^,^^! ^ Oi^lj cp-Jidl)
...jUu^l ,^-Ui] jf ^^^..^1 ^^ir i^^^ ol^Li^l L^ ^Ijj of S/l
TJ^ > <r^ '^ <r^ j^ 0Lj)/I V^ U .^^j (^j.y. ^ aJI cliSCfcj
i.lp 5y.Ui ^^j cPotlatch ((^-^^-_^l)) ^^•^. ,^1 ^ ^U ^y iiUj
^ aJp ^Sj!^ U^ V'-^^I ti'^UNlj ^^'1^1 ^! ob ^i ^ l^ti (4^1
V fji" j-S' Ol^^^ y>j .((U^l OU^^)) «L^j cKawakiut ((Oj/l_j^l))
iIa OjS; Nj cjyiU j^\j^\ \1a u^i ji^^ ^j .i^^j ci^iy^tj
^ ^^yj clj^l ,1a ^,,k>jr ^ Sjb'l >NI ^j cU^I ^.^- ^^.j^
^ ^y LJb J^l 11* jj^.j -{h^ ^ J) L&Jj-b 1^^.!-^, of Oj«-k:-o ^\
u^ ^J^ (/ J^l J*^f jf 'l>^ Ul>-J llJl ii~ail ^j ^ lilj ci^LJl
i^l ^ ;.jL^ (,Lif jJa>o of A^U ^ Ols cSL^ j^ jf cOii'lkJl
John Huizinga: Homo Ludens, a study of the play element in ((l^j^ 0^9 (YV)
culture (Boston: Beacon Press, 1955).
L%JI ^y^ JUP jJUill eJL* Ji. Marcel Mauss i^y J*>-j^» ^J^J -^
oijUa^Jl ^ aL'Lw. jJli; jyrj c~jl -^j K<Essai sur le Don» :^l^ ^y
01 Granet ((C^iy-» ^Uai-I oij .i^jJiJI iJUyrJlj V^^b ^^a./)!!
.W Oi^( jJli- ^y frU-SlI c^^'j V^LJI Lil^l a* '^'^' ^^-
(JIp ^L.1 \x>\ ...JJ^yS!i JJU 0W>* ^jl: J* ^1 C— J Mahabharata
Ol ,j^ jt-^j •'^^' (^J ^Ua- j>. Lj-i Uj vjJ> -^'^ '^-^ ^' cr^
J UIp ((JuJ->^-_^l» ^j^- jp .l->^. «Ethnology» 5.^1 Jly^Nl ^
fLi-Nl ^ frt^^LJl ^.JLij c^Ui i^Ui frLi.NL 5NL.->U(_, c^l ,».-k>o-
^ ,^ A;^ji Nj cUa^j v^V^ oLo'1501 ^,^- j^ l^ - l^Ui ^j .
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Nj ,lij^\ SL^I y ^roiil j^ l.ciu> ;ii> ^^- 01 ,;k:-J ^ j^\
'\jyd. Jil L^ ^Ul ^^-^. liU .iiA^t j_^l y 5y>l^l ei* ij^j
ilij; liU ?JJi (^i ^ ^t Ai^UI SL^I ^ ^ >1^' La:p fliiTNL
liUj ?^lj i^c^l oLji^ ^Uji ^ UiJi c^t^^b J^^^^ ^^^
ajijP^ hjj Jri Oi L. JiJi 01 fu^j ajL-^V* o* '-^-y* r-^* (>*- *^
Marcel Granet: Chinese Civilization (London: K. Paul, Trench, ec-Jlyr J-'jUs (X A)
Trubner, & Co., 1930).
^c?j^^ r'^ -V^j ^ v^«-^. c^^' *^--^ "^^ ^.Jj (/"J '«o^V)j
^ ^1^. 4j| cO^lj J^ ji Ja^ «0iJjl-5)) OLJI liTj 4^'bj ^jikL.j c^L'
r-^ ((UiXj^j)) ^ .(^J ^Ip J^t ^ AilAAlj 4JWI^ ^: C^UJI J^t
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-^ cSL^I ^U^ ^_^ ^1 1;>J lili '\xJ^j L^ iiU\ ^\^\ jf\
5UJ1 ^^ .L^.^" j,.^,^ ^ 5iUI ^ L^j UjlS^l ^ ^b; 1^1
J iwUJi iiJaiJl yk Entropy ^*\(4iUaJl J jj^h cSL^I tUi*) U>
^" ^^Ij ((^UaJl ^ jj^h Jl ^J ^-JaJl uyly cr^ ••^' ^-^'
01 Ji;*^ cdJJi ^ ^j .-^1^1 JL^'^^ *^^^^ ^^' T^* J'>^'
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^^ (^. ^^ |iUi; jr lj;^ c((yUaJi j_^)) ^>* ^1 i^j^j «i^' ^j'*^!
/''^^Cypernetics «li-la3^1)) ;.LJIp ^ ^^jj jJ^ yj Kuznjetzov
.^ V-JL sWU. o^. (J /NI 01 Jl ^ ^t of ijtj
frUi*) (A>.lj Nl^^ Andre Georges i^jyr ^ij-^h ^j c n o . :u^ ^
^ jr luWl j^. U ^ J^tjj .5iA^ >j h^ ^^' (/** ^^^V*
of ^^ ,*^ N ^ .5L^I v>U JuJi^l ^j ^ ui> N ONI ^^J,
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4Lyi ^ N tsJJI SlWl jl^ ^. SlWb Sjl>( .!->-' ^ f^U.-^ ««W1 (/ j^(»
Boris G. Kuznjetzov: Einstein, trans. Vladimir Talmy i'-Jjjh^j/ -{r o-ijji^ O^)
(New York: Phaedra, 1970).
Pierre Lapin, n.p.d. «OL<V j^tit (T • )
Jean Rostand: Life, the great adventure. (New York: Scribnner, soJb^jj 0U-» (t ^ )
1956).
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c^uji ^ >j ji 4^0:- ji lU^ jr ...?ojL^i x> ,^1 js\^\ ^jU.
•^'''^V-'^*^'* ^^ c> t^-^. 1^1 o^'^i "^'^ Jj^l o^.
c^i ijl^-)) ^^1 oLi>JI ^Ip J^I IJU ^ U!5(r JU oij
^ Jftii O^^lj liAj t^JJy Oji b^jUJl SiJUi. ;->Jl obJl^l oUo-
r' ^J -"(^A 'Vl-iJi oLJidlj ti^l aJp jiLJ ^1 oL^^^I
j^\ >J ...?4l,Lo ^Ij i^jU oNU oUo- A^ (JUJI y^ ^\j
Erwin Schrodinger: What is life? The Physical aspects of the - tj^^jj^ jijjii (TY)
living cell (New York: Macmillan Co, 1945).
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin: sOljjLi iji iJifL; j^t (TV)
Activation of energy, trans. Rene Hague (New York: Harcourt Brace
Jovanovich, 1971).
Alexis Carrel: Man: The Unknown. (New York: Harper & jJ^jlT ,^-iLjti (Ti)
Brothers, 1939).
SOiJi^ l^tr v-^l JJI^^' ^'» :J^ 'cH' u^'^' o^ '^' Sj/Ut
oli ^i J l^U i^i^l 5L>JJ ^_^l j-Jl J^l^ .tij^^l ^^^ SoJji-
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^. V oy^l jJU>Jl 01 US' t^jUJl ^ L^lji ^. V v-^l
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<_■;,- tHj <-^\ uy. \i'yi>y^\ 4i">UJI eJi-iSj Ol \jM (^-Ulj «Erklaren»
«^.J_^ Jij^oj c5*~^>l c^*:^^' r^^' «(^J^ ':^^ cri_^» <>* J^ J^J
J*>U j^ SLsJl ^^ of AjkuJ V LjI)) ^ "^ T "^ ii-- ^ Nobel Laureate
/^''>((^^lj ,.UJ3l ^ a;j^1J1 U3^
:>;! .eolill J^Iju j_^_^I
George W.F. Hegel: Samtliche Werke, ed. Herman G. lockner. (Stuttgart: F.
Frommann, 1961).
Karl Jaspers: General psychopathology, trans. J. Hoeing and «j,^r-W JjiS's (tl)
Marian W. Hamilton (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963).
Louis de Broglie: Address delivered at Stockholm in receiving i^J^ij lS^ cT^jJ* (tV)
the Noble Prize, December 12, 1929, «MaUer and Light: The New Physics, trans.
W.H. Johnston (New York: Dover Publications, 1946.) p. 165-179.
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Guynot, n.p.d. «^W-9 (XK)
Andre Lwoff: Of microbes and life, ed. Jacques Monod and Ernest «<-»^ -ojOJIb (r-^)
Borck (New York: Colombia University Press, 1971).
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oLj'ISOI ^ :Uji]aJi yL.-.C.,,>ll oL!>Jl viXl' Jacques Loeb ((^-j)
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Pavlov: Experimental psychology. Si-syiW* (!•)
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Andre Tetry: Les putils chez les etres Vivants [Tools among living «t5>J ^.jjSh (if)
beings] (n.p., n.d).
:>l .j^^_^l li^ ^ ol.>JI ^ a.^ >f ^ (11)
Lucian Cuenot: Invention et finalite en Biologie (Paris: Masson et Cie. Editeurs,
1951).
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.Alexander Gorbovsky, n.p.d. «,jSLi^j^ jj^^ls (to)
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Engels: The Origin of the family, private property and the state, Serbocroatian
trans. (Zagreb: Naprijed, 1945) p. 28.
.Camus: L'Homme revolte iy\^ ^^^b (i^)
Alfred Whitehead: Science and the Modern Worid (New York: S-M^.^ ^.j^b (" •)
Macmillan, 1926).
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.«*ui ji5oi^ i.^i j\^\ oy, y>u j^ji -g! dSi ^ t*Ub ^j ^ ^sM iij^L,
Karl Jaspers: Introduction to Philosophy. Serbocroation trans. (Beograd:
Proveta, 1967) p. 158.
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Watson, n.p.d, p. 158. iOj-^^j Oyri (oo)
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Fantine ((O^^JLisj Quasimodo ((jij-jjIjT)) oL-,<a>.-i^ A^^i oL.,Ai«-i.
Jean Valgean «DU^JU OU-Sj
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jA LJl; tAjL-j)/l ^ i.!5U ^ _ ii-%L-Vlj ^liVl oLLp ^ OlC
cJ_^ (/ cW*^J ^UP:-^ ^j>^ \y^. 01 ^ ^1 v^jO; 01
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ca;-lj v^U ^ U^ Oir (il UL-JIV ^\ 0^ 01 ,^. t JiJbj
^. JiS i^l jji«j ^_ ^ lii ti^j^ ^U; ^^- j^ LJlSj l^j^
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fUl oUijj cU^JI ^Ij^lj ,|yVl ^/Liy^j oLJjj >- ...5>-^ Lib L^j
Virginia Woolf: The Common Reader (New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1925).
AA
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Nikolai Berdyaev: The Beginning and the End, trans. R.M. «^V^.V t/"^^" O ' )
French (New York: Harper, 1857).
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Leonardo da Vinci: The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci, ed y-^li j:«jli>J (^)
Jean Paul Richter (New York: Dover Publication, 1970).
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George Hegel: Philosophy of History. : iji
Pierre Lacomb: History Considered as Knowledge.
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5jU^ i^ ui .Kwel ■^.iJi^:^\ iaSCll ^ il^ii, J^f l^i U.^ ,Cultus
•o^'j^ j' 'Civis Jhj i^ U,ai^ Civilization
^ c5jUa>JI L.f .((olJliJ ^.-i....«,.il jUJb) ^y. SiUiJI c((Aiij :ipU^ <.LiNl
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^i.W.-^-» (..iiui^l Aij tf yri ^y*^ Chose v-^>]l i-i^l cr* ^^^^ ^^' «Chosism» ( i)
Andre Malraux: Antimemoirs, Serbocroation trans (Zegreb: «j^L. -ujJJb (o)
Naprijed, 1969) p. 276.
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0^i>^- US' ciJ'J^'^^lj jrl::;)/! ^ i^\ij ^ ^ 'i^' j^ J^ (:?iil
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McLahan: The Gatenberg Galaxy, Serbocroation trans. (Beograd: Nolit, 1913)
p. 32.
Tacirus: Agricola and Germania, Trans. Maurice Hutten (Cambridge, «^Jjs-1j'9 (A)
MA: Harvard University Press, n.d.).
Oswald Spengler: The Decline of the West (London: George i}>y^ -iJljj'» (^)
Allen and Unwin, 1971) p. 32.
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$:j^ Jl '^UJlj ^LiOl^j i^5Ujl Jl yui ^^j, ,j^_ i^^ 1^-15^^
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^^ 4, Ji,^. ^ Wijj ,»^>^i ._^i Oil ,ji^Vi jj/i^i :l^u ;i^ ojli jir
Bertrand Russell: History of Western Philosophy (London: n.p., 1948). p. 523.
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jL^l .^ > 01 Uj . JUJI ^L^l ^s^ Uilj >iJb J,l>- JJij .J-JJl
Arthur Schopenhauer: The Works of Schopenhauer, ed. Will ijyi^.^ yjl» (,SS)
Durant (Garden City, N.Y., Garden City Publishing Company, 1928).
Payot: The art of being man, Serbocroation trans. (Beograd: Rad, 1960) «OjjIj» {\ Y)
p. 21.
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C.L. Brownson and O.J. Todd. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, n.d.)
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Education Office of the US Department of Health, Education and :5j^ >il (^ ")
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Vladimir I. Lenin: The Lenin Anthology, ed. Robert C. Tucker :«ijuJ j^.^-^t ( W)
(New York: Norton, 1975).
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John Galbraith and M.S. Randhawa: The New Industrial State <iC^.J'^^ (^A)
(Boston: Houghton - Mifflin 1967). pp 339-341.
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Jose Ortiga Y. Gasset. The Result of the Masses (N.Y. Norton).
Max Horkheimer: Dialectic of Enlightenment, trans. John i^jy ^U >l (T .)
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ci^ jupi ^j ,^^\^\ ^y^^\ oii ■^h\ ;\ viJi jL^^i ^. Kitsch jJk^ (r ^)
.jJUl ^j^l JjJUl ._,lii^>bf
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Society Trends: a statistical annual of the British Government.
Le Point, 1975. :5W h>. '^^ ^^-Ijj ^^^ ^;<2iJ^ (TT)
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Djura Susinjic: Fishermen For Human Souls ■^j-i'y^^ II» ^y o^ ^l::^ (Yl)
(Beograd: Zadruga, 1977).
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Nikolai Berdyaev: The Modem Crisis of Culture. «oi-SLiV cS*^^9 :>^' (^V)
Serbocroatian trans. (Beograd: Hriscanska... 1932).
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Keneth Clark: Civilization (London: BBC, 1962) p. 321.
Henri Lefebvre: Every Day Life in the Modern World, trans. Sacha ijiJiJ ts^s (Y A)
Rebinovitch (New York: Harper and Row, 1970).
Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels: The Communist «^jL. JjlTs :Jk;l (YI)
Manifesto: Principles of Communism...
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Julius Robert Oppenheimer: On Science and Culture, Ercounter j»-^.i\ :Jiil (VY)
(October: 1962).
Jean Rostand: Humanly Possible: A Biologist's Notes on the future «^li-jj)) : Jail (V A)
of mankind, trans. Lowell Bair. (New York: Saturday Review Press, 1973).
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U.N. Report: The Situation of the World in 1970. (Paris: Unesco, n.d.).
U.N. General Secretary Report: Prevention and Fighting Against Criminality
(Paris: Unesco, 1970).
Lydia Hodakov: Sociology of Work (((_>/'lji» :^i (IT)
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Management of Organizational Behavior: Utilizing Human Resources, 2nd ed.
(Englewood Cliff, NJ.: Prentice Hall, 1972).
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Paul Valery: Collected Works, ed. Jackson Mathews, vol. 10 A^jJ\i Jji» :>il (°°)
History of Politics (New York: Pantheon Books, 1956).
Camus: L'Home Revoke... :«j^>i> Wj «r^» :>' C"^)
Marcues: One - Diamensional Man (Boston: Beacen Press, 1946).
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a:p ^ UTj 4I4.LP Js> ^U^l L^j ij,^^ IjlSol cu^ 41.^1 01
01 4i^ ^ ^U^l jl ,0LjNI ^U ^ ^Ui^l Beckett ((cXj)
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5jU 01 .^-LjW ,^ ^ ji^- U jr 01 ^V J^^-JI ^ a>^ L:5:Jj
Camus: The Stranger: (N.Y.: Alfred Knopf, 1946). ((^^ITs :>J| (oV)
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u^j iJLp obip u^ V^'b -^i^^' r'^ .ifcUJij 4^1 >t^ o^ villi;
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J^V fryfi J^ .iSj,^^' ^ 5j* JS^ ^jUI (^JJI (JUII IJLa.^ ifrj^ iJlJu^
b-i OLj)/! ^, jj ftjjl ^)) :«jlyjj ^s^ dy^^% Jji" .j^jJl eJLi.Jl
.lij^ A^j j\ Aijj ^ liUipl '\jyi. j\ '\p. A.^ J*^ ot 4JU> ^iijij
Oj^l j_ji3- _ ic>-jl>- Sji iJLft |_^j ciiUr. ii^aj LjilJl*l j^' iij!^\ O}
.4jiLJJ ^Ij jl^l «L'etre en soi» et «L'etre pour soi» ((aJIjJ
/"^^^-Op <>iydl ^^;C-!j itjaii yfcj>JI L.I cSJbJbfJI ^ JaiJ oUUks^JI
V^U J- U»j-,<a>- cc^ijsr-_^l u-Jk-UiJ jt^,->JL-l U JS^ |»jk ((J-fll)) Ol
Camus: The Stranger... rSj^lTs ^f (o\\
Simon de Beauvoir: L'exestentialisme et la Sagesse des :«jIj»jj iS^ Oj-— «» ^1 (1 .)
nation (Paris: Gallimard, 1970).
g;L «^^-i;^. V ^^^1 ^ J^A,^ U jr» ^^^L ^I^Vl ^ j^ *^ ,^l (T',)
:>jL, :^l «4Ub ^ yk L^ Jm» ^j c<^jU ^^
Sarter: The Emotion, Oultine of a Theory, trans. Bernard Frechtman (New
York: Citadel Press 1971).
Sarter: Theatre (Paris: Gallimard, 1947). «j_^ t^jio V-.r— :>j^ U»i' >^lj
!oLJb
^rr
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^1 DISC] -^Ij (JIp c^j- dUU J^, ^ liU .^j ^.i J53 ^^uSll
^ ^^. ^ jr Olj cOL-jNl jUJ *_^. ^1 Dl 5^ (^A^l J15
4^U* «^ ('IJLs* ^J iAjL^I jJPj C-U^ (JP cA^jIp j*p-^ ^J jJUJi lift
^Ij J*>uSllj ^.aJU cvii ^jU^ (y> iiji^l ^y i^jl*Jl el* c((^.jjli))
jUJJ ((Vijjl^l)) J^l ^^ '^-^ •c5f''>' c>^* lH ^^^' '-^'J ^*^ t/
LjIj c^,-.»>J ^.JiU ^ ui>Jl a.A^ jlSol ^ _ 41. l4i.i ol^l d~^ -
jl> ^ Ipji^)) U^ DLJNI Oir liU .OyUJlj jiJlj c3*>^So W
D^.j Ui^i^. liA^I>Jl ^l^j s^ly^l ^Ij -^ J^ "^ o^l ^^ c((a;1aJ))j
^1 0^ .U^j X^l Lhjj c JjSll SA^^i ^" '^^^ ;]*iJUlft ^
:Dj50l lift ^y Aj;SU_.j ^Jj** Alji>JJ oU-j^i dj*>C tiji!
j^^ > u-Lj)) U^t _ ^_^| i^ ^j _ i^Lji (,^^ c^jL^jl))
^UjLiJI ^. oU^I ^^^^j ,^\ ^^ j^^_ V t^^Ul (JUJI ^
(/-> >^. c^JJl Ui cOl^Lli* d\y:^ ^j Olilk:* OU^^ Jbj-j. ^f
Auguste Comte: A General View of Positivism, trans. Y.H. ecJ/" ^z-^jh :>! ( ^ )
Bridges (New York: R. Speller, 1957).
Alberto Giacometti: Alberto Giacometti with an s^jTU^ y^lj :^| (Y)
introduction by Michel Leiris (Basel: Editions Galeries Beyeler, 1946).
Friedrich Engels: Dialectis of Nature, trans. Clemens Dutt «>>^l ^.j^Jt :>Jl (V)
(London: Laurence & Wishart, 1941).
Frederick H. Young: Pythagorean Numbers.
Congruences, A Finite Arithmetic, Geometry in the Number Plane (Boston:
Ginn, 1961).
Dimitri L Mendeljev: The Principles of Chemistry, 5th. (iUu>^J^ iSj^.:>K :>I (o)
ed., trans. George Kamenshy, (London: Longmans-Green, 1981).
O^j iL^Nl :k^^l Oh J>yc^>i\ jy^ J^. JiSi ci-JSOJ j^.jJMI
:i^ JTj)) JU^I J^iT dXU; ^L^Nl :i>-^l ?^l ;k-l_^ l^ <i^
iJwJl j^ u>Jl^ jl uJuv»l oi ki ol j^ u>*>b^^ll lA* LiJ J^ c^"'\(4>v^i
((L.^1)) dJLL' ^y iaii J^ji oi o^- ^J^^lJ •(>*" ''^-^ Oyj (^^1
O^j ,Ji\ d^\ ^ Jij^ Jy. J>'^'^\ ^yr j^. U^ '^^b r^^
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"^ c^Nl ^ Ljk-b-l jJii>w.j Ails' o^Uai.-.* iijA^JI j^ Cx^ji Ojii*j
^^. *^ dAii jr io%;s*J( oJiA ^ ^*i^ij co_^lj cAiiLi^j cO/Jt
«^^ J* JUJI 01 US' t((OL-jV' ^j**') J* y^* .lUaiH sA* ^y^ c^^ *^'
Emile Chartier (Alain): System des beaux art, (Paris: Hjr^p^ J**l» :>il ("l)
Gallimard, 1958).
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/^^V-^ ^J-^Up U,>. ,_.^- N U ^iycJli .obUJIj
LT^ ^> (/* J-^ J^ -J-^ j!>J JW-* ^\ ^i^Nl vLp ^y a>._5. N
C-r^ ((^Odl)) Uif ^j^^ij c^J^I j^b ^j,_, L. I>,:i^l ^^ ^lijl j^l
Benedictus de (Baruch) Spinoza: Ethics, trans. George Eliot (Salzburg Institut
fiir Anglistik und Americanikstik, Universitat Salzburg, 1981).
JJi^^^ ^UJI ^ >j\^\ \f i^u .*-^ j^i (,^gu ^\^,, fo^^i ai_,
Nicolas Malebranch De la :>j1 .,vw«.>JI j^ 4j_^l ^^w'ljJI «.<^jLJI -^
recherche de la verite, ou I'on trait de la nature de I'esprit de I'homme, et de
I'usage qu'il en doit fait pour I'eviter I'erreur de sciences, (Paris: J. Vrin, 1945).
o^_^l .L^^^j oU^l ^ ^b ^Ul ,d^l ^^i_JiJI ^Ui (,^j jU-./)) ^ oij
U ^-U. II*j ,^^l i,L::;^\lj i^^lj i,;,bjl j^L. ^^ycu.; jl ^,,1.- , 7 j^' ^_, .^_yt
.5UJI ^ iUlSil iLi^l ^1 J_^_^| U-JiJi ^k:^- |U |J
Michelangelo Buonarroti: Complete Poems and i^^}:,^, ^\ JSCUi) r^l (A)
Selected Letters of Michel Angelo, 3rd ed. trans, Creighton Gilbert (Princeton,
NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989).
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jS^. *:^ (.^ l^ CCy>:^. ^ ia^-o j^ j:,^ 5-^ LjJl .^^j^lj yuiJi
^l^^lj o/iJIj .y_^'Nl L.I ;J^I J>i » J-^ ;^1A^^*>U ilOpl,
.OUiil yk A^lj t/*^-^ J^ '^''^ "^^ "^ tjU*JI ^ V^l
c^l U .j^ljJI ^Ul C(»i>UiJl cJJLjuJI ^Jui«::S; AiU c^l ^ Ui-^
-uiL t^JJl ^_^1 L.1 .AiU^I Ji b^j^ Oir jJUJI -oLiiTl t^Ul A-vJi 5*^1
\X^ J^_ ^ c^l OjJLi .Vi^ ;ii^l ^ ^.^ ^1 ApJ oii ,\^ ^1
.JbJl^Jl ^LiJl cjU .U-iJ > ^1 U Oj^j^l JjU. ^1 .AJji 01 ^y^\
...^j^ >lJ jI OM 4^^ ;>-^ ^1 >f . JiUi ^1 W cjJi (J^J*
Echard Neumann: Bauhaus and Bauhaus People: reOL-jJ -SjLp 1)) C^)
Personal Opinions and Recollections of Former Bauhaus Members and their
Contemporaries, trans. Eva Richter and Alba Lorman. (New York: Van
Nostrand Reinhold, 1970).
Jean Cassou: Art and Confrontation: The Arts in an Age of Change, 'iy^'^ oW« ( W )
trans. Nigel Foxell (Greeswick, NY: New York Graphic Society 1970).
\i\
i>-\5l ^ ;>w»j yj J*^j ijA ji J^ ;>.-:>^ v-^b ^t^j^W
o!5LUiil ei^i cdili ^j .<t^ Z>pi\ yUl Jjl^lj ^iSOl oijJl
5UJI Uaj Ji-ijii* tij-^ V^l (^ji jij-,-a::p ilL* ON cajjU* C->^
JJU^JI JaU^. ^I .-Aji^_y UjIp iaJjJl (.jLJl ^^- ci^Ul eJU ^j .^j^lj
O^lj JSLiOJ LU. c^jUJl (JUL 4^ jr ^i>. Jl J^. ^0,^1
:J^ c^ ^1 jl ^^1 ^UJi ^ ^^^ arj,"_ ^,j,y^\
Whistler: n.p.d. «^b^j9 :^l (^^^
Francis Bacon: The Advancement of Learning and New aOjSL. ^j-^\jt -.Ja^ (U)
Atlantis (London: Oxford University Press, 1966).
^ oi> o^ oii .^1 j^i ^ ^uji ^ cjir v^i ^Di ^ Siji Jj'i 0:-^ (^ r)
.u>t <^aji ^1 ^:>uij ;jii)i s^ui ^^i ^-^j, ^ui ^ ^^^
Vladimir Mayakovski: How Are Verses Made?, ((,^SLi/L,U ^-^j^j^in :^) (U)
trans. G.M. Hyde (London: J. Cape, 1970).
Andreas Franzke: Dubuffet, trans. Robert Erich Wolf Si/'jJly ^'kjXh :>;! (^ o)
(New York: Abraham, 1981).
UY
^ c^^ ,5>t iL-J 0^ .t^l ^\^ -^jj^ ^^\^ V-r-^ 0iJ( >-i '^^
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sift ,_/»si4j' jl Cjf^l "^ ^1 ((C-UU)) i«j>-y j^Lj Mj ci«~-liil jjij^^
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((j.^jj)) AiytJI oljj c*>b. ((^_^j^)) JLpI ^y .LiU- AiUlj ^^1 ^jk; 01
jf Lij^ iji^l jyJs oUo. ^ ^ ,y ^Uaj Ujlp 4J L^jLl^ IpLkJl
OlJLi::*^b liijJbuJIj J^^^l 01 .iri^l ;iUI ^ Ai/U ^ cJj^ V^ly
OjA, ^}\ iiij J-iU- ^ ji c^^^-^l ^j^b 0^.*^^l J*^ Cr- J^'
j^lj; JiJj .;iUI j^ «j_^ ^y ^Oil ^)\ Ol iLi;:p*A) <_--- JLiljkj .oUiT
.il?L^i SOjAi ,_/»iJi sOjA^ iij ij^j ^ 4-^JiJI j_^^l ^ c/**J' «^M
^•li ^ip Ail "^-li ':'L-j>i V ^5^> ^^ ^V ^i^ ^ 'f">^ y^ v^ r^^i ^?i (^ ^)
%J,j., ^ITd :>! .i;aJI yio x^. AiSi l^^ diUl ,vkuw M v5ijJlv iJl^ t-oii.
Camille Bryen, Bryen abhomme, ed. Daniel Abadie (Brusels: La Connaissance,
1973).
Peter Brook: Peter Brook's Production of William Shakespear's 'A^ij. J^^ '-Joj^ ( W)
A Midsummer Night's Dream for the Royal Shakespear Company, ed. Glenn
Loney (Chicago: Dramatic Publishing Co., 1974).
James Joyce: Ulysses (New York): (Random House, 1946). ^^.yr ,j~-^» :>ii (U)
5^ J* ^U)) .^.^Ij ^1 Oi^ J?iJ' i»L,j •3J=^J ^1 i^lp ii^ t^y
^y^^- :i^lp U^ s^yj>\ J^\^ ^_^|j j_^,;a^l Jl l,y^\ I^i^Uj
cbV ^ J^L^' c^Ul ^1 ^1 jJJJb >L. ^^_^ yuiJl jiji. jiJ))
J-^l OlS J_^ .t-^ Jili J^_yi y, ^1 J,^ ^^- J\ 01 ^ ^^ «jj^_^,) ^^- (^ <^)
:>1 .^ cJjJI ^ ^^^^ . J^j ^^.^^ ,^.>- Vj ^.>- .*). a.u"Vj
Arnold Hauser: The Social History of Art, trans. Stanley Goodman (New York:
Knepf, 1951).
:((ObjU ilUfS :Ji;I (T .)
Jacques Maritain: The Situation of Poetry: Four Essays on the Relation Between
Poetry, Mysticism, Magic and Knowledge trans.... (New York: Philosophical
Library, 1955).
Abbot Bremon: Pure Poetry (n.p., n.d.) :«0^-Hji -^^ts :>ji (T \ )
Roland de Peneville: Poetic Experience (n.p., nd.) :«J5^^ c5-> -iSiyji :^I (T T)
Ml
j^ c v^^l jf C^Jl jf ^^1 ^ s/i ^.^ O/i: *^:^ ^ ^Ul ;JIp 01
J-jU ^ jf cOj^ jl J*>L* ;.^ J*5U ^ ,^j .jL-^* (J* '^.^^- ^
^j^^ <uLp ^ji; t^JJI 'y^\j ^UJI j^^l IIa Jj^jL-H L* ,_;^ii^
Ail A^ ((iS^ilT)) JU oij c«i;>*^l ^A ,j^^S ^ ^>JI ^i cr* S^r^^
^^Jai^ *y oU->U. ^Jj> b^\ 01)) .S-iUJl ^ U^ a;^[JL^- ^ ci;>.
^Jl apI ^ ^-1)) :cJjy^ ^^l^ y>j ((^.j.^( JS;U)) jUj /''\(U^
l.j^\ ly>.^\ 01 ^y y^b ^Ip j^ ^^ >^ AiJ ...aJUJI jlkJl
(^^^.^ OjjP Oi OjTl liS^j o_^UJl (JU- ^ L;^L- ,_5^lj Cf^ J^ j-*^
Jean - Baptist A. Rimbaud: The Poet's Vocation... (Austin: ((C— ~;b - OU-)) :)^\ (\ T)
Humanities Research Center, University of Texas Press, 1967).
Gaetan Picon: Contemporary French :((OjX^ OliiU-» :^l (M)
Literature, 1945 and after, trans... (New York: F. Ungar Co., 1974).
Andre Malraux: Voices of Silence (New York: Doubleday, :«jjJU -ojAJb :>il (\o)
1953).
Franz Kafka: Parables and Paradoxes in German and English •A^'^ >>>» :>i' (\ ^)
(New York: Schocken Books, 1958).
Michel Leiris: The Age of Man, n.p.d. :«cn!j*^ J^^" •^' (^ ^)
iL--jJI Lf:53j ^^1 ^y S^^li aL^j OjSj Ji AiL Lg^ Jp »Ji>.|j iJl5:>.
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Ip_^ lift OlT . ((0^1 ^,^)) ^_^,_j L^ _ oo^ ^ji«j ^^j^\ o\j^\ J\jj\
Jules Mounerot: La Poesie modeme et le sacre (n.p.d.). ■Hjyy J>=^9 -j^^ C^)
Maurice E. Block: Death and Regeneration of Life (New :«iijL ^.jyi :>Jl (Y^)
York: Cambridge University Press, 1982).
Zvonko Lesic: Theory of Drama Throughout the :«iL-J j^jiji :>Jl (f.)
Centuries (Sarajevo: n.p., 1977).
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Smilagic: Introduction to the Koran (Zagreb: n.p. 1975), p. «,J«I5^!:A-»-.s) ■.J|a^ (X\)
XXVI.
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/^^\(...*J«'jl^lj l^^l-^l 0L>l JlP ij>^s^. Oir </iil v^l oOai
: Ol tj^. ^1)
Rainer Maria Rilke: Letters of Miso... (Wiesbaden: Insel - Verlag, 1966).
W.H. Auden: Under Which Lyre? A reactionary tract for the ijiij\ .*.ji :>il (if)
times (Cambridge: Harvard, 1946).
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Leo Tolstoy: War and Peace, trans. (New York: Modem Library, 1940).
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Louis Bromfield: Early Autumn... (New York: Frederick..., 1926). «ALi..j^ ^.j)» (to)
Richard Llewellyn: How Green Was My Valley (New York: HJi^J ijLliijS (il)
Macmillan, 1940).
«>jL- J_^ jW-9 :>il (iV)
Jean Paul Sarter: Nausea (New York: French and European, 1939.)
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Si) ^\ aJ ^j^^ Up >JI u3^^ - lT* J*^ <:^' ^J^r '^^ ''-^-5
Oij ..u^l ((Jjbi!)) y^j ,j^ (^ cy^\ .iiS^LUJ ii^^^* <_Jl^l
Olj J-^l j»L-j ((>Jjj)) 0\ l_^UJ ^^y^JUJl ^r^J^^L. j^-^-s^ ^A^l
J>J1 ^ y. - ^Jl L^l jl^b _ 0^^ J UljOJI ^^^ .Uj
Charles and Mary Lamb: All Shakespeare's Tales ((^^N ijj^i jp^^ '■j^'^ C^)
(New York: Fredrick A Slokes Co., Hampton Publishing, 1911).
Martin Buber: I and You, trans: W. Kaufmann (New York: i^j.y. JjU :>il ("X)
Scribner, 1970).
Mr
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^jjl ^y a^\'^ Ljbj V^jj J^ ^:;iJI .41. >. N iSJS\ (/^lill ^-i^l ^
«£^JJJ» U -^J -U^y '^'j^'^* ^-r^^'^ C^- J* 'u^^' tT ^J t^ cT^
j^L ^iJI ^^1 4ip>i. ^ John Cage i^^ O^)) JhJ^^ Uj . ^ o i
iSj>^, d\ Jj3 iwL«^l SJuJI »Ju» _^LJ( («L.I jj-U- Jii t((vL' rfj jJ^3 i))
0>Jl)) oU-^-^ ^y cij^l OA>J( v-L^ c?^ '^--^ ^'^^ J^-J
c~^ ^LJlj jIaIIj (^>3Ij .^-^(j c-Ulj yi\ oN c^^IaJI »I^^^^
^ 5JlJI »JUk J^U ..iii-s t>!-r^ *-^ '-^^-J ^-^ Ji<^l L^ ^.Z'^,
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jii\ jA . l^j^^\ A^jUl c~-Jj - 4;li y ^Jl -WLii .5I-J t^jr>j
^^ L. J^» :«j>^.^)) J^. .A^J-^ ij^^^^ ^1 J^ ^V' J:^i>^l ^
j\ iLiU ;jjUw« oir ^ ^^ ;^ij^i 41^ j^i ^^- ^1 ^^ ,(^^(
>J (>^y^ j^^ ^^ tjW j/J Ua;u. ;LjU .i^^ ji j^- ^ i^^^-
a>.^ 'V--^ lA^J^ t.^1 UUjI>.| lil ;^^|j ^Ij JtiU^I ^ ^^^^
C5ji>^l ^ ((ii^l)) 5^va;>^ SO^lj iUT ^y jf c^Jlj lj,j\j ^[^y\
l^U Kc^^^) j/^- 01 U:i^J. j,^ ^. ^1 JUp^I ^^
ui i^jA. ^ <uu ;oi^ SAP ;«.gi ((^^^^)) ijy^ ^j^ oLj ^^
^^-^ c^> ^^ ((^y>y>)) ^^r ^j .5^ jr ^ V^ Ai>jb
Kurt Schwitters: Das Literische Werk, ed. -^-jjkj^ '^jj^^ :>^l (o i)
Friedhelm Lach (Koln: M. Dum - Schauber, 1973).
.(WY) -Jil .5^1 ijj^ ,0\Ji\ :>! (00)
^^^
^ ..<uJ> ^ s^A^ ^1^1 J ^"f '■J^ S^ Cf- ^^^ ^-^
..Ol=-_^l sJUk ^jj ^ji j*_5 ((Ol>-)) ^. J^ c^-^l -^^b ^^-»^' 0^
^ <^ ^L-JI (^N( UJl^ 4(.L-JI aLp L. ^\ ^)) :((_^ISL)) cJMj
/"""^ru^ Vli o/e jl ^. N y.yiJl >Ji 01)) :((liU>:^l^ ^.j^))
^^ ji ((jjj^)) A^j^ jl «ol>-)) A^j^ Jji M> oU^I Jl>p /i ^
jr LIS ^ 0_^ l;JU a^\ ^jl^)) /ii "^j ((CJl^j)) Jji ^-^ .«>ijj))
cdJUiJj .^i>il ^Ij^i ^UJ ^j ^1>^JI cix^l ^ip ^l a^( ,,^.
^1 IS ((?^ ^L.ui^l jr jir ^j .^UkJl s-^ AP_^i^ 5^^ uyj
Pablo Picasso: Picasso on Art: A Selection of Views, ed. Dore i^'^. ^L|») :>il (d)
Ashton (New York: Viking Press, 1979).
Boris Basternak: Letters to Georgian Friends, trans. David ((iiLi>-L. ^.jy.% '■J^'^ (» V)
Magarshak (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1966).
MY
(.Ul^l)) ^U ^_^ a^^h Jiu^ oNjl>^ jr c-Lii ^j .«Kitsch»
.Alli u^ ^ ^-j^ jf ^^^^^^ ^t j»^JI ^^\ J\ ^)\ ^i^j ^^^_ ^
jl^^li .Uy 4l*^. (^Ul y, ^1 .lLp »UJj jJUll »Uj oliiJl ^jdy. ^
fJ^^ cH' >-^ Ji-i -V-^i A^UI ^ J^l aJI ^^^. t^iJI ^1 ^^1
c^i ^ ;^.^irSii .g ,^ ^1 ;pjii 5->u ^^ lji c^i>?- j^^.;^^ djjoj
P'^Ji^i\ J hji^^^j JliJi olii' L^b
^1^ (>)l J--U V^' v^^ij 'C-?^ ^^ ^1-^^^ ^j^l V^'^l
Abraham Moles: Information Theory and Esthetic :«j-!j-« f^^j-:[i :^l (oA)
Perception, trans. Joel E. Cohen (Urbana, IL: University of Ilhnois Press, 1966).
Casso: Art and Confrontation. MINIS')) :iij I (o'\)
oLV_^ ^>JI J^UI ^ J>J|_, ;,a,a^l iK^i i,^ c-^i :S^ ,t^ ^^-UJl
i.>^l oAA (.151 ai)_, .ISC^I ^ 5L,J| ^j \^ j^j ^LJl j^y^ i^ ^Li c5-^,.:uJl
^IjaJ ^. ^ ^_, .J|_^V| ^i^|_, ,_^, ai^ j^^^^j^, _ij^, ji^^^j j_,^uJ|
^^ OU tv^ii^l ^yV tj^ W^ V^^ r* cr^^ r^J* :Ignazio Silone
y> LJ J^. jt Alberto Geacometti ij^^^^ yj» ^.J ^^^ ^ .^^^^
;jjU«Jlj J,:^.^.^! ^ .l^lj ^liii -l^LdJI)) <ol ;^ Aijyu- J->U
/■^^>((5L>J1 y.^ ..^jjl ..jLJW ^L^^ ^'LJl
^.AALi^l ^U^l j^ ^'^ cfi .^1^1 '^^ ^^^. ^h ^ '*^>^
Ay^^\ > o>^j)) y. ^1 J^l L^ c^ J^S/1 .JA4JI y. ^lA,)/!
j^ji LJl oLJJI 1^1 ti:^. (J l^\*^\i Suir jiJI c^l^. $;_1'^")'> U-^ ^5*
Sjbj jl .^IJu)/l y ^j OUJI o^ J^^^ J-^1 oSf ;Jli^" jl ^,-^^-iJ
A^)) :^i ^ UJ*; Jean Dubuffet ((^ c5^ OW)) J>.j -ii^ ^j^"
Giorgio de Chirico: De Chirico: «^jr^ c5^ jc^jjc^>' ^j^' C^^)
Essays by Maurizio Fagiolo dell'Arco, et William S. Rubin (New York: Museum
of Modern Art, 1982).
\1^
uiyj L-J c^l J^l ^ <Lp ^j oLill Oh Jj^I AJa^'jl. jC^
oi .^% jl^^/lj J,i>^ j*-;*^- UJi^lj ^Ul c^y^^l .Lp^^j
J:;X-iJl :oJ.,AiL4 o>^iu-^ ;ja-ijMl j^ oi*'^ Oh >»^' ^^ A.jk->.j
(^I!l _ DL^^/I J>^ j,i^- Ji ^^ Jj^l ^yJl Ul .^1 jLSaij ^U^l
i^\y Jl J^UJl ^ ^liJl ^^1 ^p^_ U-Lri ju^l Ji _ ^ ^- ^
.^I>^lj JJLJI ^ A.^ ^1 jLSai
Georges L. Buffon: Oeuvres choisies, precedees du :«o^ .J j-jj=-)) :jJill (To)
discours qui a obtenu le prix d'eloquence deceme par I'Academie franfaise...
(Paris: Delagrave n.d.).
Werner ijLs yjjj J ^[a ^.^j ^, U-ij ^^/-SU ^>: ^.>f ^.X5; ^_..c^l ^ (nn)
^^ ..\.^ ■^j)\ oljUl o-j JlSCiVl (.Ui; ii, s^ y^ o^j,,) :Nihls
Werner Nihls: The End of The Functionahst Era, «>Lj yjjs :>ji .((^^jUll
n.p.d.).
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^^ jjk (_$iJl (^jUjuJI ,,-.«.sa.-Jli .i>-ji^l a:Lj^L>- t---~j tiAii ^^ Ji^
V^.^^ N 5ijb DL- L.^ ^. i^UJl S^^ij o^^' ^* J*-^'
^1 jLiJI JU^I - L«JI U^l ^^1 . jJU^I «1* UJ y^i; oi ,^.
jili ^ IfclJj <u^j .^1 JUpI ^ j_^p ^yJ iJjU^ AiJU .oijJ^^j
«.j_^ ^y ajiiu.)) 01 >by. -ol .^*>U*J1 A>.^ .»^j^ 4-^1 el«J ^Liil ^
ijj OUU v~Jb ^1 j^l P^\/J>ih jU.' ^^^ 5^' j»yr J a^
Ludvig Miles van der Rohe: Miles von der Rohe, ed :«»jj jJ oU jL» j^J^B :>^l ("V V)
Martin Pawley (New York: Simon & Shuster, 1970).
J /^l j» JOJli "j^i i^ fL-^l ^)) : Andre Marchand «oLi> ajjJJIs J_^. ("VA)
l^^l ^i:a^.» :((*-A!B J^.j -(ttSjjr^l y ^i}^ cy t^ t5-^' j^^' ^1 'r"^*
:>;i .((^1 ;.>.j ^ ^ o/i L. A~l >aJlj t/iJI ^ SijU^ b-jLi- Ol .JJ-^Vl_,
Julius Bissier: Brush Drawings... (London: Thomas & Hudson, 1966).
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•«(/^' cH' J^- -^^» '«j:^-^ u;^yv! L-^ (/^l J-*il ^ ^^1 (/L;
JjU 01 -i«j Thomas Mann ((OU ^j-Uy)) ^1 4jUa>- ^y ((jiid^jl)) iSli oSj
..AjVly j^f jj)) :jUi ,Franz Kafka ((iSolT y\})) ujl" ^ .^liT 5^ly
llftj ((!(lS:Jir) j^. of (^^k:^. c^UI 0^1 Jl lAi*^ ^ ^^1 JiJi 01
^.>jf)) v^ oii .^^ ((iS^ilT)) ^ J^l ^ lyCj ^_JU! iUJi ^jj^ ^
^ J^\ ((iS^ilT)) 5^1^ J ^Nl ^ Oir ^ :'->^'li Alfred Kasim ((^--IT
if- ^j^ ^6^^ (1-fr^ ^_^1 >i! ^ ((I^IT)) 01 .4jy;^j oil- jjbi- 5s. ly
9j>-jLi,j oli OIT ^j t4j'l^ v^l ^r «t.5^^.j^i)) OlTj .^1
J^l Jj^^. c3j^ oiUl oaU^U .^.oSU ^ ^_^Jt.\Ji^ Jl ^\ ^li>^_
<*> J*-i 'c^^W! ^c^jliJl jf ^iUJl ju^Li^l ol ;J^I ^^. llj .oU^j
^I>JI ^Nj^ .Ai^l ^Ij OiUl ^ ^f ^1 ^ A.yLi^\ ■^\^)\ liljil
^ -^j\J^\ J 0_p.>^. t^^l J^l ((j^)) 0_^jUi N j^N tOjJLAU^Ij
<i Oij .^llj oy.'iOl ^^.s^_ N Ur .Obw:^^. N ^Ij aUl 01
^:-*:)l ^^. aJ%J^\ LUiJI 01 .^, — ijL illUl JxAlL Faulkner ((X>»
o/i of c^^.j) .iijj j-iu ji ,^^.^ij uIjaJi j-iU ^ ,5^us; ,L^
L^ j^. iki- ^j .oy.^01 .^ ^ 1_J J^)llj 01^1 of (Uj^
Jx^ ^^y of ^^. tV-~-Jli .OlojL-i. U^f cJ; Lgi*] J. t jjaJIj ^I
Picasso: Picasso on Art. :((^^lSL.i) : JiJi (n«\)
Feodor Dostoevski: The Diary of a Writer... (New York: C. re^/L-iji^j)) :^l (V . )
Scribner's Sons 1949).
cij^U ^ ^\^% ^y^\^ .C^jA^ N ((.*>LJI aJU>) ^^j.-^ ^.jb:r
Jl ^. ^1^1 Oir lilj .4il ^y> li^L ^^\ c^LjI jA Up Ai>o ^y c^l
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c>j»\^ ^ ((Jj»JLJI OLiil)) SyfcUij .^:>N ^y J^jJ "^ j^j tyt^l j^ JoL^
^ ^jLj c3,>Jl ^ ^^1^1 jkuJJ ^1 J->Ui^Nl Jl ^y- Ur c<u.
.iji Si;^ ^y^i lt'^^ ^-^' 'Vi-^
Chartier (Alain) Sustien des benix-arts. :j:;j^ ^1 (V ^ )
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c^UJlj OLj)/I ^ji. ^'^1 ^Idl ^^- J*iJlj SjIj)/! ji. ;s^UJ| sJu,
^\^>^ ;jliJlj ci^jj ;,^- Jj\u .iiOidl ^'UJtJl ^j cyiJl J^l jj
(.f .l4> o>Jl ^1 LJyJb JUp'MI ^ ^ y :J|3^ j^_ Uj
.OLjNI jlS^Jl ^jSj^, ^Nlj cjJUil jlSol ^^.
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.;^UJI Aj^^I iflja^ ^ ^ji\ ^Ijj ifljai*
oLji jr J U'j^ 1/^ iiu of uTj. d^ dUi ^ ^.^1 jjk
.^\ J.J Nf ^LjN( J\^\ IJu^ ^ U j^f _^j C(JUil A^ o^ uil:><i
ouTjij <ui>^ jf J*A]I OLjNI ^. dUUj colAJl JL^f j_5il 5>^ Mb
. Jj'ljJI ^I^JI (JUJI ^ iiJ^ :>j^ <.\J SUp OLjNI J^
T^jUJ ij^ ij>yj> A^ L. OlS' tdUi J*Ai jj liU .i^i;iJl «j»l_p- tJuAjJ
.Lif SUp ^_;-Jj td^lJl;-NL; ^j
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JL^I ^LiJl ^ ^.^Ip U«>j ^^ ^j tJaii SiljNlj illjiNi ^_5Ap JwuLi
Uj^^ L^N (LjO* j^ d«jf (jUiNl *^w«j»- Oj^ il^j tLL^f^j ij-^ (>« ■^
UjIj c^^^iU^l J^l ^ C---J J^UNl OU tdUJJj .((ijNl A^ivJU)) JJUU
i*^ 4;li ^ ^_^ J*a]I Oi)) :J_^ vlr!^ aL'U_. %^ ^ «fj5*') j4^!j
Ljf Ju-^-j t<d>-b ^ ^ of LuIp OLjN ^^jiLiJl 5.^' '-^> ^3 iXJ^
.L^ii ^y 5i^y^ cUp o> jy\ Js^ ^Si^ ^bNl U cU iiU
^_5;^ c^l Ja^j 0( jIjI U ji^ OLjNIj c^I ^,^Lki >; ^y 1^ ^1 IJU
^Ip J v^l jl^ .^_^Nl > ift^j ^ jf ^.>5U ^ v la, ^j
- V-jj Vl> '^'^ ^i - A**>UJI «JU jU^I ^y c^UJI iyl>?JI OLjNI
r>=^' (/ o*^" '^b '^■^^ ^J>-' Jj>-' OLjI JT ol Jji" jyJI jjjL,
i-lo^l ^yivai iJUaJlj c-^Up^ ijli* i^.oiJl c^l y «a>.J L. ^1 J*!
Lf^l ^J ^y. C« Cw'Ul l^ij SUJaJl ^\ J_po Ju^ cA^JUJi ;JiiJlj
iiU ^_pJi iA!_yip ;jjl^ UJb L^i .;jla*Jl ^y^ Oi*»l-*^ ^b uy^^j^ ^^-H^
^ ^Ip- ^jyr^- -aL^ ,^jJ\ JUpI ^ ;r^ L^-| c^UI jl ^-^L^t U^
•W^ 'j«*j DLjNI i-^UJI L^-_^ jju i^U iJt^ ^^ olj AiUa jj^j
U,^ jl ;ia^ jl U U^ A^^y !5U cdJUUj oLjNI oli ^ ^. J^^o" ajI
David Hume: Treatise on Human Nature (London: J.M. Dent d^j^f aJb» :J^\ (Y)
& Sons, 1926).
((y-jU J_^ 01^9 :^l (r)
Jean-Paul Sarter: Huis Clos in Theatre (Paris: Gallimard, 1947).
. jI>Jlj hj>^\ yt UljjJl oIa j»j>^ '(5^^ ji"^ ij"^ '^J '?^^J *-r'W^' J^
J_^. ur ^I^JI jSLJI jiu ob>^ li^ ibi^lj ^Lv^illi .v-^ -ii^-Jl
U.l*« of JuS ((iIjJI)) oljj ^ (((^jiJj;)) U JLjj /^^('^jJSj (((jjIj'))
iJaiJI 01 /"^(♦^LJI c-'!Ai^I «UP rciii *^ 4-^!Aj" aJLJ^M iL.l*« jb^-Jl
jr tjiAJI >; ^^^j ^j .^j^l ;5'^ ^b U^l tOliJLiL" 4il-x^lj V-jv'*
((^1 i^jLi. ^^s■% 0^ ijj^A jj» IJiftj .j^_ M ^1 (_jIp frU^aiU ^y?-jL>- j^jilj'
.OLj"^ es^*^^' uiij^l ^ aJ jjh >i ^.jJdl 01 ^ v^' ^ '-J^J
AjjOj" OI A^ai^-J M liJb^j cljy Jy*L« tU..l>- 0_^ Ol IjJ^^ '-r'j-^' *^' ^^a^'^
•y> .\r>-^j Cj\JL^ ^^*^ S'^J .IpUwi. cL^^J^Jl* cL«Jj-^ cL,Al>fc« 0_po |_j>J
c^LliJl v^JI!l Oj^jli JUUI ^^ ili^Ml j^ IjJlp viLJa*! Ol <— 'j^ (^1 *. J 3. i»o j
^1 IJift A^jjj .UUj iU^i ii_^^ ULjjoI - kiiJiJ A>^ _ Oji-^ j^l i-*s^j
.Olj-?JI ^j^' US' OLj)/! s-ij-^" (j^ *^ .OL-i"^ ((iJUj)/! ij-^UJl))
«jj-^l r^ljJI OU^I Ujfc *JL»dl yl ^ dJl^^lj tt-r-ij'^l ^ jj-^1 liAj
iji^ji^ iLl^" JT Oli ciiiiJj /"^^4j^ (y<^l t'^jj ^ ^ '0\yi>- OLj)/! of
A>.->c-^l Aiisdl t_>J-^ .(_-JjadJ A-^aiL. j_5Aj cV'^ ^^^*^' ^^J^ (^ (^
Emile Zola: Le Ventre de Paris %^ ojN^^bj «Njj J-j.l» ^y ^ :>;l (1)
(Paris: Fasquelk 1953), and Hippolyte Taine: Notes on Paris (New York: H.
Holt and Co., 1879).
Leo Tolstoy: Resurrection... (New York: Norten, 1966). i^Sy^y ^» '■}^'^ (°)
Claude Helvitius ((^jr^ii* i^% iJJi Jli^ t^^j-^ *i*LtJI 5jJi]l ^y Oj^iUI Ji;uy (1)
^Uj ^^U L_.ijAJI ot ^^1 0_,:;?.~~JI vJ'-^ *— ^ 'De L'Homme «OLjNI» a>L£' ^
\KX
bJ^^j LujkL^ ^ ^^- iij^U -s-ij-^* Jt!> o^ ^. ^b '2i^l
els' lil t^_pSU]l ^j .sjiU r-UJI ^y ^a^j V^j^ lK^J ija^ljj *Jl*Jl
ilj^l jjy J^l jA \1aj .fl-bJ^ olilp J-S^' jl <-*j_^l j-ij" J*>1>- jy
^jj-^j dy^j^\ '^jAj ^,-Ajci\ SilpN kiJL:^" JS'j .^^jwdlj aJI5>JI
cT^J '-H-J-^I ^ l-'l^ r>- - u^J^^ J^ u^' c^^' L>J - ^J^'
iLiJl 01 .-u-LJ j^_ N jL^Nl ^ ^ UJaJ i^'l- cl;a>o" it^lj
djL^L; v^jwdl Ul .0L~J)/I ^JJu ^ J>'^yr J»L^ djl^ -Uai ii-jUaJIj
Oyv* iJjJ- Jfiji^ J^ JUpNIj olfrl^Nl ^ ^UiJ _^ (.iyyr ^ Ljl>>-
J-X^' j^;X«J 4*-sl<«lll iii.*.|jj .OUIjj^l Jj>-I ^ ^J>^ 4jU ^--Jjwdl Ul
y.^ ^1 l^\ii\ J^-j cJUpNI ^1 Jj^\ J^ cijNl ;JlA*Jlj OLjNI
^ jjsU ^ .oVN O/^' :>ISC" ;*^Lc:. OL-J"^ V>>^* a^L-^I 01
^^. Nj cOL-o-Nl 5:iljl ^jU A=rji N >JU .OL-jNl jli i:^. oj^l
j^ j! J>o- JT -LP ((C^liil)) ^y> aj^I oili tOlj>^' j^ i^\ ol*
a;^j ^(j OISUJI JiJI ilj^. /^^J^UNl ^ v-JL ij^l VaI CJir
^1 ^j;x^ .>^b J^^> ^J '^^b ^*^' ^-^^^ "^^ cH' ^J
^ LjI:> jj^. JiJI 0^ cv^l ll^j .^t/ J^ i/ -^^ ^^^^ cH' "^1
^Idl ^^-l cU ^j .iJNl ^1 ..AJli Nl ^-kJl ^y ^Xi^. N j^ .aJIS^
<u->i; ^_^U1 y^ IJufcj oJUJi t5jL-j oliJl jl^l^ cAJbNl t5jL«J 4i>3( of Ji*
.(Ton) 5,Nl .5>J1 5jj^ iOl^l :>1 (V)
George Hegel: >-* :>' 'j^^' y '^Ul j»yr} ii^l i/ j\5^l yj^ (A)
Samtliche Werke... (Stuttgart: F. Frommann, 1961).
^A0
^jlji 4.-^ DLjNI V'.s^")) vS*-^' t>^W> "^Jj ^^aU^JUvJ ((^jJ)) J«:^ (jji\
V-i; j^l M 1^1 .Ai.^ cl-UJij OLjNI h^j^ oTj; ^^1 (jJNij sliJI
ll^ iSj~ jj^_ of (V>jai^. "y «uS3j tU:)-Uij ^LiNl OiJ oli*WI j.c^_ 01
OLjI J5' p_^ t*>bi -i/-^' 0L>^4:u-l jf OL»>^:u-l L^ i^^l 0_^" U^Up
^U^l ^. M ,iL'L^ cJly ^ ^yi ^ij ,_^ Jl ^_^^_ ^iJI lA^i 01
^ 431 Lii- ciUSOJ j/^Sfl ^^b 1^ ^ liJ: ol ^^\ y,jJ\
JLj^NI c^I) ((J^^I))j jii\ uy iiJ^ v-^ ;*>- J[ J^- of J-:>^->>..J)
.1^1 ^ JiJij ^^1 .^Ij J_^| ^ jf ,(^| Ji ;,^j_^| i^_[^\
^1a ^. ^ ULJl dj^, of ;<uip ^ ^1 UJi jJWI OjS; of O. N ^^
OL^NI ofj /Lib 1*^ jj^\ OL^^I ol J>. c^iJI JLJ\ JiJi Ol .ii^l
Francois Marie Arouet de Voltaire: Oeuvres (ij~iy iji lSjJ i/jU Ij-Jly)) :^l c^)
completes de Voltaire, vols 17-20: Dictionnaire philosophique (Paris: Gamier
freres, 1885).
^ ij^w-^l (i'iUNi ^_g^«.-»>.Tj .aJUp iijaj "U^ j5C«j N tj_p-«j' j.j^\
V^^il SjjiU ;J*>WI ^t^^LJl OU c^iT .^c^^l v^ii^ (/"J '^^
J.AP :^ 45:.Ul* fr<^:>L4 ;J!AJ pJ^il j^j OI ^jNI UJ^ .a^^ ^ijaj
^^.:>^"^ aJL^NI oIa^jJI ^.>j tjikJl ^L^Nl (.UiJij cSljUJl
^Ul ^ ^ iAp ;>JU^ ^_5^U2i of aJp OlS' Ja ?ai^^1 ^^1 v"^'"^'
^. jjf ?Uii..:i^ ^1 015' ;.W1 ^\ ?ia-H ^(/j^ OL-it iliii ^ J
c~-J i^j>Jl aISo^I 01 r^jJ:^\ A>JL^U ^jl^. U J\ jU^. ^1
^^f ;^j ^^ - i^:^ Ljjf ^ . ^1 ;,wi c^\^ Uj ',»i-!» ^u^i ^
^^^\(;,«j>..<^ ^y iiv»lp)) y Sjtji* AijjJaj ((j>v?* j_^)) *avjj L*J .Ol-Jl
^j^j f- 1^^ jA Lj^ 4 0L~il Jip y IpI^^ jj-J (La Tempete dans un crane)
(.^. of «J^j OL-JNI Nl ^,,U7,.., Nj .jL^I jJIpj ^jNl (JIp ciji^i:>^
OU-)) s-i^-j'l (/-iJl J^v^^'j .iL;a*-Jl oJUfc A^lji ykj A.->i^ yj -U^iJ jLl>-Nlj
jf «^,^- ^;^. N jU^I y>j cOL-J^O IjU^lj JixU i*j.>* OlS' a(OWJlS
.(j^Lv* A-^'^\j A;y«.>i^U^J ^Ul ^*p-^ O-UL^ j\} -uSij .LUp OjJ^
y:>ii of ^^tai^ J^ 4^!.^>«J -^> (^'^ -'-^ ^■'^ '^-^ '^^ ^^^''^ ^'
Victor Hugo: Les miserables (Paris: Gamier - Flamnarion, 1972).
^_-«-^. Ua«U> Oir d\j caTj^l jy^\ \1a J^ UJp ^!>j jA^ j\
V-^' O^ "^ ^1^1 (^^ik^l cJ»ij-Jl 11^ tviiJi j*^j .5^^ ,y ijj-^
^ci:;^ J^ 'e>^ j' aJp ^^. of p-UJI ,*iku-i M (_iiJI aLa. Ui cLJp
o_^l IIa ^Lo jf j^. of ^^=1^, >! Ji*Jl 0^ J'^^\ l^tji cLUl
liU |J*J of dji JiHj^ Jai:>^ ^^^ Oi[j cIIa J*iJ N U ?j^I>JI
.UjUjI <_--*«j tliU-lj j> aajU ii' J* v^b '^^^ -*-^ ''jf <*^j '^ Jii^uJ
jl^Nlj ^\jAi\ ^ ijLP ^ ^1 c J UjiJ v-JL; i^^b) : Jyj t^iij
4i!>UJI oIa ,;,^ of LuCjj .j^ Jiiyj j^ ^j^i^ Jl hj.^ JUiSlI _j|
^Ss^\ ^ U .fLiS/1 ^ oUtWI ^yc-J of LUp Sj-Xi ^y L. JT)) :SUU
.iJJU^I ^l^^Ml ^J }\^ N ;li^ ^_j tULJ 5Jb^ ;li>J jVa '(>4^l
^1 Jf- cJ^I ^ Sjdill of ((0^...^)) ^-^ J. ^j /'%... c^^^l
oi> j^ J^ ^ '<^i^^\ (.isU-Siu c^i jf jirjui ^ x^_ N i^ijuji
.S^Ly. A-l>-b (»ISU-I J* LjIj 'J^'
David Hume: Treatise on Human Nature. -.i^^jt. oJb)) :^l (U)
Francis Hutcheson: A System of Moral Philosophy «0j— ia^ ^_,---Jly)) :^f (^f)
(New York: A.M. Kelley, 1968). vol. 1, part VI.
\hh
JJ. _S^ _ ^[i cVjJl 5^1 J o-^ i3'^% (J^l U-i e^j^l
^ ,_j^ t JUJI Oj-b l^k^" Ol^)'! ^y 1^ (J jj^*^l »-i* t«Euthanasia»
5UJI aJp ^^" t^JJl Ijl— U isIaiL* UjLtf^U jj^'ifl »Ia ^^jJ - ji-^^ ^y
5/iJl ,y W^ jii\j jiJi\j J-iUSfl il>:^- ciJ-/JI IJU ^ .L;Lj)fl
JJ. 01 ,^. N ji Jli .^iiii^l Aiii>. ^Sfl yLi l^ jr 015' Olj c v~*
;^j ^j .OLJ^ N aIJ diU Oj^lj 5UJ1 0^ cJiiJI jl 4-pL^I 5U>J1
,AjL^y\ J^ 4^.y^ ((,»-^JI J::iJI))j ^Uill v"^-^)/! >^. 'V'^^''^' >J'
OLjNU .^-^UI Jl c^iji IJUj ,^\J^\ ^y^ J\ OLJ^U Ik^ L^ oSf
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ki Oj^l ^u~ ^\ ^j .Oj^ i--^ ((CJL.I4J)) ^.iW iiJ'i^J ^1 01
N AJi) ^Lgij-k? tj~- ^. 01 jJl*Jl (^iku^. tJuS^ .lA-Ui- v*>Up ji v«-^
Ol ...» :cJU d--;^ A-Up*^ ^=N>^ OtW«i t^y^Uall ^Ua^)'l J-si- U^j^
jkuJl oyj -u^ u-^ i-r'^lj 5^1 fl>^^ jj*^' ^^} : J^ *^'^ •/* a*'
J^l o>->^' ^Mi vL-^>l i^'b^' ^'j^ (j*J 'Eugenias ((W-ji)) i^l V-^ s^r^ji' («)
^A1
;^U2pNI ^Ijjl^lj ;^UpN1j ;^L^I vU^NIj ,^)\ \^\ o\
Ul .Jaii iuiJ! i^Ul ^ |U*U ONU^ J. Uji ;U>j ^W^Nlj
-u^ CJ^I ^yj C};^'^ ijJi> jjj; ^R^l iUU* oL-JNI iUUJ ;]a^
(^L^l vU^Nl of (^^ Nj) /^°>((2u.,2^^l i.l/3l y^UL. Li ^^
^ (.aiJi oL-j^ WjJjJl ^ ^J^jJ^ v^'jJ' r' ^^-^^^^> :^.'-^* -^
of aJp oir lil ^LJI ^aiiil oL-jNI ^y.j)) .^L-jNI <IJj a>.jj ^L^
«Uj a.^ oai_^l O^UiJIj flycdJIj Ojs>.^-^l IkX! of ^ytj-JaJl ^ aJI
'(((ysJ*!! (^Uv^l t^Ul)) jji,;?^,^..^! ^ ^ t_^ .^aiJl ^ c.^1 |Ju&
Cf.^\3 3'^^\ ^. of aj^Cj N JjjL U^Ij oir L^ ^^1 ^aiJl ol
Lucien Cuenot: «L'Eugenique» Revue d'Anthropologue: 1935-36.
Jean Rostand: Humanly Possible: A Biologist's Notes on the :((A;1:l*jj oL>-)) ■.j^\ ( ^ o)
Future of Mankind, trans. Lowell Boir (New York: Saturday Review Press,
1973).
((,_^x-,i^jj»))j Remy Collin: Plaidoyers pour la vie humaine UJiijS' ^^^j -.jJ ( W)
(n.p.n.d.) and Voznesensky». ((Ijjh) ^Ss^ ^
(_iSj^l IJU U j-iijj .U:i_^j «W^'j OLjNI -li'jjj ijAjJNl _jxiJl ^;Xii
.^'Idl
JLji) tjUaNi IJIa ^j . i_j»-;-,<aJlj iijLLJIj AaJI L^lji aJap o^Uij ^j^aAj
i!LJ^ jJl .Lr>>.o U N| (c*r— ^ '^J t((^gi».j.ig _ (iji)) l^;~~ij f>^^^ ^ J^ J^'
N IJla U^I ^ .(»-UJI jA AiJjJl iuL^I aJUfc ir Jj»j ^,Ai*~j Uj .USs,«_« kiUi
..<u«jL/sI j^ i— '>-^^ kiJLii 1-Vp U l^j tA*-^l (^^^ l»_UJ( (^Ju ^ju ^,i:-«j
^y ^^ju^ _ OLjI -oN _ iJUJl ^j .:ijJi?Jl aJU A;lp oils- JUJI Jiijj
Ua:p 5jJ^1 lLJJii\ ^l ^b.o Oppenheimer ((^^.-j^jl)) j^, ^vii .^j'j^w
JUjcu-U jLcj U_J AA^JLiJl aJU jJj r-^l "^ O^J tiijJJl 5JLaJI /«-;-^ Ol^
AjL?- ^j^j 'M^ ^j-^' CJ^' -'^^ "^^ lT* *>^^ U?-^ j_jiJ tiLiJl aJUfc
CJycu-l Mi t(4jjJUl 4j^I t.-^L/') ((Oi^^l)) L«l .^-^1 U^JiJl L-ljjJ
Tt-^ljJI j^j .(((_> jjU^ ejs^Nl)) L/jUoj ^fJ-i*^* ((|_j^L^ijji^:i)) JUpI «ji^'
\^\
SilUJlj iJc^\ ^ i^j^ ^^\^ ^ jj^\ ^j)\ c-JlSOl IJLa oUjj of
frijj jiL>Jli t4>Jli ^|JL>ti^l ^j^JJ (e«-l*Jl t.l->tJI ^j^J »jli <_i*>b>^*yij
.Oj^'yi w^ >. jis\ Lfr^ Oi«Ju ^1 ji ^wi >j *y cv^i li^j
J" J^ ^ U' cy ^^ ty^ cj^ X^ ^ u-^' jj^-^ v-^u ^li
-J-^j e^j ^.i-^>«j (♦JjJLs tJpUJI jj Jj /»ji i^JJI JUU v-^U L.I .Lj~JIp
y ^lt J^ tijij .sL^ ..s^.^2ii*^ iur ^^j ..v-^j ••'^.^1 (^. J^ij
LL1> U* J^J ,IjG jI \SyA^ jl 1^,^A« ?t--^J t'U^XJ jJp (^JUJl (ij^
J-iU ^j iA*Jail ^\jj U 4::«^ ^ ^Ul -L^j J-iU ^ ^U .^.JJU
Kant ((cJlTo ^^tjSfl <_>j.JLiJl -U^ J^ - 5i^lj a«^I OiJ jt t5L.Jlj
j^l Lfr.^ jlSliSlI j^j t^i^lj i_^lj Laj^Sii c/- Vi-^1 j^'^^l «^'^))
JiJI Ji;» ^^ ^Ji^o" JLii t^,^^lj oL-j")!l ((cJlT)) uf a(^UJ'
^l_^l J>«J h:^ ...^\jii l^j^y 5>; i^w:; JjSK JlUI .OLJ^I
^y ^,Ai^l (jJi\ iJiiJij aJI^^UI 4iy«-Jl 9^' j^ 'er*^* -^^ ^' -"^i^J
ju^ ^y ^. ur cAxir ^^ 03^1 j_^ o*:^jLJi ^ ;.i^i .^jji
.OLj")II jJU V^'J■5j' ivsUJI L^^ t>!"^J^ tU.-f>-j^
^1 i^J^\j .jioJl ^ ^L* ji>. J^jjJ *V l^U ciJ_^Jl ^ i;-.c ;JU
jl L^Lj LJi' j_;«J oLJ jJ»j 'e?"'^' '--'^' t/* t/ '^-^- ""^ -^^^^ ^"^
Ju«i^" L. DIp^ jSOj tiJU jl bfc ..^--iaj Ai tj_5JLp oLJ l^\j tUk>
^j cJ-iUSlI jlSol ^1 iUJV' c^^>. -'"^^ ji '"^^ U-^ -^^^ ^"^
J^s^J ^i j_yft LjI (i"5U-Mli ti^i i]ajLj UJb lJ-j t_s^--»>- (^"^^ '•^ c^'
>JI cJ^^ - lJ'^Sl\ b-U-lj JA>^ 01 UJP UIji Dir liU .^^"^1 iyr_^\
Immanuel Kant: The Critique of Pure Reason... (Chicago: ficJlS" J^^UIs :>il (^A)
Encyclopaedia Britanica 1955) and The Critique of Practical Reason... (Chicago:
Encyclopaedia Britanica, 1955).
Aki jj^ Uaj .SO-s-jJi SL>JI ^ V LjU- cJir li|[) tJ-?-^l JUil j;*
ajcjJs y aJIj^I *Jiy^' c/**^ i^v'^ j' -^s^ ''V LojIj (i'^Ml .oU^,?*^
^iLJl J^W *y t^ij^-i' V«:^-^l J-^'^il ^1 SjLi^il Ua ^^.j .0L-J)I|
.U-_^j U^lj r-iUJi sJLa ^^I ^-^j tt__w..j>J
(>* c>^J -Ls^ "^ W^'^ J-^' j/^' oU^>^l «I^ JiU jijjl ^.jL- 01
t^^'^\;«-^l ^ ^U^l y sL>Jl) ((OjJlj^!)) ^y> Ur J-^^l c ...J
Ij^y^ ((AlcJs)) 4,«J5' Oj^' 01 Jsj-io t^v.43.11 J-;j SL>JI ^j*^' (^ t^^ L«Jl
■^J-^ LS* OL-j)lLj .4j«^ (i*^! Mj ,_s«--i' OL-Jl ^jj *>U .(V^ - <iy)
Whitney Jennings Gates, ed.: The Stoica and Epicurean «|_;-jjI j>.-ur- ^j9 i^JiJl (\ ^)
Philosophers: The Complete Extant Writings of Epicurus, Epictetus, Lucretius,
Marcus Aurelius (New York: Modem Library, 1957).
tSjJAJI DUi)!! jJU ^ ^ ^ ^j tOUi)!! jityr t-\jj L^ jJU^JI ^^^ JL-JI
\1£
.aUI jLiP ^ iifc ^1 OjS; ^ ji^y\ y^\i .^i^y\ >-Ji
«^ ;L'Lw. Ai'iUj Jai>v! '^y^J^W* f-"^ jlJl^lS' t^y>LJ::^^ll ^JiJlj
^ juj. u jr of)) ^^ .^IiJ( ^ ,;L>^i >- J p\ jS\ lii
j\^^\ ^ ((j,jjb)) ii>j ^ .ui^: ^- jf ^y^^J^ ^c-u; jr oir liu
Charles Darwin: On the Origin of (i^y'^\ J^l» ■ol^ (^ «OiJj'-> jijLiJD :>Jl (Y ^ )
Spades by Means Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in
the Struggle for Life (London: Oxford University Press, 1925).
Mandeville, Bernard: The Fable of the Bees... (London: Penguin Books, sJ^^I^D (Y Y)
1970)
Friedrich W. Nietzsche: Thus Spoke Zarathustra... :«*-iiJ» :^l (Yt)
\^0
(^JJI <J>IpjJI jt-JI ^_jA9 tii?l^^.-^l J*iU-*yi ivsUvj tfi-LliJ)) J^ i;>c^j,.*sJlj
Dls :JjiJ cJ:jv9*Vt jU^I ^y> ((DjJLi Sjjl>w*)) ^y 0_^*>U1 tl»a;».j:j
IJLa csIjU Li^ 5_^ Sll ^ t5:>UJI JloipMij Ll •y'l 0.-J Aii\j^\ iipU^l
OLJ^II U .wL-«JI iLsIai jt iLs^ai «--i. ...Sjl>»J Ml y> U iL^aiJI j^ f-jJI
t^SLJl jf> -u^ (^L of :Jb-lj Jj-i, A^^L.tJ t«-?waJI A^^_^l ^ jc**^*^'
l/ij SL^ /Juj L>J! J^ .Oj^l cyl^. >i J-iUSlI J^j 01 ^y v^l
c^UJI IJLa j»^^- ^^I ijii\ y, ^\ 01 .Oj^ Lib Jui^" Ot six* o>:J-i^
.<'°>((JiJI ^ l^lil ^. Mj OL^^ ocJ, :L;IS:-I J-iUSlI o^j
hAj\ J^, M JUJI 4*Ja.j cUiP aJp ijk^l p ^ J-iUSlI ^ 01
Oi*l^l J;U* ^ iJijJlij-JI Oi*'^*^! ^5^1 1^ 0_^*>Uf ^j .^«^^l l-Lf< aJp
.^,ji\ Jj^\ Jl SJuu^l J-iUSlI jjp Ju'lj <1*>^. L^ t((v^_^_^J^S[|))
Aixj OlT 0_^*>UI of <->j^^l j^ tOjis*)^! ^ A^ liw-i. IjjkJ IJla Oii'j
jr OjSj diiJbj c((JtiJI ^Ip eU^ ^Ip ^J, fLiSU J.UI iJ;^_^l s/i.
>l^J (JtJI ^Ip ^y JJ ^ o^j U) /JJ ^^^ ^UJI IJLa J bijU.
^S^T ^ ^L^ JUiil -cijUj ^ OU cjijjlJJ Li-Ji blOi.! d-LiiJi) j\^\ cJlS" lij (Yl)
:((D>"5Ub :>ji (Yo)
Plato: Phaedo, trans. R.S. Bluck (London: Routledge and Paul, 1955).
\11
Cj'^\j Cji\ tIJiXAj / -^jjiiJl l^ ^ '^-J3r^ io-LJ i^^Xiil oJla *^
j^ J»l; U^L^jl oii tSeneca {(l^-^))j Epictetus <i^y^\j) Ua 'U^i
-V^ Jl JiLuJi c5_^l ._^lj J^IS:^! ^kJ ijjL S^ V-^-^l yr~'
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^ J->u^Ni Di o>; ^_5 Lf-^ if^i ((Aij ^h) p-U)i j^-;*-)/! cJj-U)i Jjb- Ail (rn)
Averroes on Plato's Republic, trans. Ralph Lerner :Jiil ■tj'fi'^ Ji-^' ^>^
(Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1974).
.j>.^~^ 0>">UI ol Pierre Abilard ((Jj">LjI j^^,^ j^, (TV)
Saint Jerome: Hieronymi De Viris Ilustribus Liber (Leipzig: «f_JJ^=^ OL-.)) :^l (TA)
B.G. Teubner, 1879).
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^jt. ^j .Bertrand Russell i^\j ^:>\yy^) j^ ((_^>) A> 4^ <j*>UMl
c^l^ JjIjI -L;^! jAj _ Dietrich von Holbach ((^LJy> Oji J^.jk^i)
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ol ji^l J>>^ syuii^ t^JJl *_3yJl y* UjI ^aJIj tU2jf Lipj b
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Paul Henry, Thirty [Dietrich von Holbach] the System of Nature, or Laws of the
Moral and Physical World... trans (Boston: J.P. Mendum, 1889).
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;^l c3*5uS/l 01 .?...o:.>Nl J^f ^ jl fo^l J^ J v-^b 'er^l
Jeremy Bentham: An Introduction to the Principles of Morals (i^bj tj-j^ti :Jo^ (V ^ )
and Lagislation... (London: Athlone Publishing, 1970).
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j^l 01 XJ!i^\ i^J.^ i/\ tjUa^l ^/^-iW A^-i-^ UJb '2-^ ^^^^*
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dUi Oj^ l'Xj> Jaii <ol .JUJl ^UJlj JJljJl (JUJl :u>J^ d« >-^>
Aristotle: The Nicomachean Ethics, trans. David Ross (London: iji^jh :>il (J°)
Oxford University Press, 1954).
Friedrich Schleihermacher: On Religion: Speeches to its ((^L.^,^)) :>;l (VX)
Cultured Despisers, trans... (New York: Ungar, 1955).
■A^iy. iLj^y)) :>1 (TV)
Friedrich Jodie: Leben und Philosophie David Hume (Halle: C.E.M. Pfeffer,
1972).
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C^- ^^^^ C^J^ (^>-^l cJliaJ ^ Ul, cv^ii^l A^VL^I j^,i>^-
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(.Uidlj ;^UJlj :i>JUJl J[ Jjs^, JjNl c^i ^^ v^ljJl ^U il^lj
cjjL^ij ^liji >ji ^ j^ ^j c^j^i jus^i ^ Lib ^>.
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^Ty-lJl ;?J-/2^I jjai* 01 ^Js^ SjjU ;ii.l Ol -^ c^,.A>JI ^r^i yj
Gattfried W. von Leibniz: New Essays Concerning Human Understanding, ed.
Karl Gerhardt, vol. 5... (La Salle, IL.: Open Court Publishing Co., 1949).
•A^r^y j^i :>! (i.)
Leo Tolstoy: The Christian Teaching... (New York AMS Press, 1968).
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li* j>J of c-iUNl 5j^f ^ OlTj . . .5^1 l^-iljl j^- Ji J-5^Nl of ^ji
Vladimir I. Lenin: The Proletarian Revolution and Renegade do^i -.Jai^ (i\)
Kautsky (New York: International Publishers, 1934).
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tiUir .v>ui=-Ni f.>jij i^i f.>]i iA) ^y ur (Miii^i) ji 4.s.i....i.iJi iiUi^ ^j— i
jrj^B :>! .,«^.::;r^l li* > y^Uk- ^1 ciU !)^ ti-oU)l «J,j3jt jrj^9 ijj ^y (11)
George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-four, ed. Irving Howe (New York: «Jijjjl
Harcourt, Brace & World, 1963).
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(/ cTtJ -^l ^y^j tU^lj U.i>o- Ujba>o- (»J oi _ i^Lji^'yij A-^LJI
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^oJL ly'L LiJ M A:iUJj j^UJl J-=JI d\ c^l^^U .AiiUJNl AJUiJI AJIS:.!
j^j .OL' L^j tA^j-w..^^ ^ tAi«Ui. Aijaj v-L-Nl A-iUJI AjjL*j
j-jUJI Uf toJbJl^ A^_^jjJbl ajoJ Db Jt^l l-H^ v*-^^ iJl»_^I Ji^j
OjlS^I ^ AiUaJ j^ ^f e^jc^l («-• AjLisl; ^UaJ JT 'a^\ A^jL-JI ^J
j\ 'c^^yM J ^j) a;U*>UI J OLjNI y>j^ 015' li^ .AJUi^j
jlS^il D^^L- ^Ul AiU ^^UJI ^UJI 01 Jy; 01 ^s,k-J Ki/*-^* *J^'
UjlSol ^ ^ jlS^if j,,i^ V-^lj ^^> -^1 'r^ cT^' ^"^i* ''-^-^
«yi_,j9 :>l .((a^Sajl J^lj i^L^^;! 5l_,U.^I» J^i ^ 4:/i JliJI J^ ^
Jean Jacques Rousseau, On the Origin of Inequality. On Political Economy. The
Social Contract., trans. G.D.H. Cole (Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britanica, 1955).
r^^
^y ((4jji»JI jilj^JI)) ^Ijuki^l 01 ^Ul ^_^ ^rt^*'! oiJ .V-L^lj iJluU
A;;^ Oii-»Jt ^5^.-»JI jj*^ NtiUi^l _ j^_^l ^UjNIj i^Pj-^l o^^t
J^Ajj 4jjLJI jiljsJl jU-i^I jUJNI ^ i^^j j^ j_^ liLi .^U>JI
,(j^j JaS^ villi Iap Uj ci^JLva-JI «ilaj SjjU IjIjIaI ji>tJ
of j>-\ OLjI j^L. DL-Jl ^ cJQai Dl LC^ OlT lil Up ^-^i^. ^i" Jlj^
fUaJ frLj OjjjUJI JjU L.Jl;pj .aUI j»^L) 4j ^LiJI jjjjl ^Jiai. Uj ^_^
aU! jI JLjNI ^ap ^^ ^Ij Ji. LjJl j^^ ;JjUJI oJuk J>\ \j»s>rj 'i/^l
l^\ ^)a ^ i^AO^I fJiil ;JjUJl oJUk jUsI ^j .iJjJLJl 5^Liu-l ^_^
of Ojj J^r LUlj l-_^ ,^jtw - ^ DUjir . Ul IJU .iJLjNl ti^UNLj
^j ^L J viiJl o^ Uf bl ,^ N jf J^- N J J>. cO^f ^/b
IJ-* OU cUjj jf LpUjs^I OlT f\y^ ((jikJl» f- Ijjf c/" ?y J^ cf '^-^'J^^^'^l
^y ^L.1 ^ CJij^ ^1 j^M IJU (1)1 ...OUjNI jJLi j^ lii^ 0_^ N
.^^^Vj^-^J j^j (/ jU2-i^Nl
?^uji ^ Wf c^iii ^ u^f jLj of Ni u*^. N ,^jju L. jr a*.
ou,Ni ^f ?^iUi ^1^1 ^uji iju ^ij^f j^_ ^^ij ^^^1 Jaj
01 V^ji Jif 4^j jiJJI Jl^f ^ JSCi y> aUL OUjNI ^ \s, DUjNL
U .^ ^ L> jA. caUI JI ^^Jl ^ No, DUjNI JI oh.UI ._p^J
^j OUj^ 5j^>^I iJLjNl J yi\ Dl :JU L.A;u^ A^ ((^jU)) ooTf
^1 ;j.uji ^^ ^ j^. (.V iJiAj c^uji ^.Aii ^^1 ^ ji N
Ol Jp ((0>J)) xTl" Dl .((U2jf OUj} o^jj !>U Ji S^-ry. ,J lil)) JjaT
y^i* ur* "^^^ Vuko Pavicevic « J . - i. . .....iL, ^Tyg ijj~^JJ^ J'l ^j-^ f^' '-i* (iV)
.(. \ '\V\ jiL. J-jU^ il_;=^L ^^ diol iSJS\ ijiJS\ jU-jj jiO^J-JI jl_^»
L. ^LJI ^^ OjJ^ JJcuw (J>_^ OLjI JT d\j (.'^LJ^\ ol»*5U)l ^y ,_5»«-JaJI
jf*^\ OjvaJ)) UlSC* <j^ ^/ L* .OjiJI 4iiy j_jS*- t^Lj*- diii (_5il f-lUi-l
L.J (,_s«JaJl ^Lj>1 ..jkJuJI) oc^l iJLjVl ji i^L^\ j\ ((^Ul
JUIjNI J*iUi^l ^ ib.1 ((JLJI ^fj)) ajIiT ^J ((^jL.)) ^li L.JU-J .iJL'lp
DLj)/I j_^I ^J=^Jb i-y^i* J*5^f tb 'j^J^ <^' rJ*^' Oi.w-i'jLJl JaM
Karl Marx: Capital (Moscow: Progress pub., 1965). «u-^jL« Jj^» :>il (iA)
jU~-Vl ^ ^U ^ : Jli dii c J-JUVI ^ J^f 5/i >VI y. «jl^i» ^^j (1 '\)
jOi jS\ ^j j!AlaJI ^j Si^SlI oUyij OIpI^Ij VJj>^I ,/ «if-^ o^ ^Ai^.
Friedrich Engels, Ludwig «>>Jb :>;l s^ij^i^ ^-^i s-^U- ^y (j-^ j!>U::-"Vl ^j*
Feuerbach and the Outcome of Classical German Philosophy... (New York:
International Pub., 1941).
(_^jU- ^JUI ^j cJ'iUSU ij^j "^ 4il Jji Dl aJUbj^I i,::^U sJ^i. ^
jv^Jp OlS' caJp IjJaiUJj U^j:;*.^ lyJtJ ^^^S^ .1^.^ iJ^^^U ^!AS^I IIa
^ (^( <^ L-« jiTl LJj cV«-^'j iJliJI ^ IJb^ ^Ul ^ Ijijaj ot
oU-L^I j_,A«j t_^Ui (1)1 ,t jjlp OlT cc_>»«Jl IJ-gJj -(ji-^l (»-"l-; "^j* //•
^b.ji-'^U ^w»J 4i^j cSJliil ^ JL^y 5jI*JI 0( «Ju«!^' (Jp Mi .(j'iU'^l
jjj ^j 4..^ y»j cJi«Jl ^jJjk Lgj j^j Ataraxia ((L^^ljW)) «Lw Uj
U^ jA Jai\J\ IJLfc l^^ljl 8Ju.*i(7 j^j .2^^...^] ^\ ^ V-jJI ^1
Aiily. ^jJI dijjijj'i/l)) o.>,Lj^fj SJliJI i^J^ ^ AJlJ'iUI tj^r-as-j j»jkiL-l
iiwJiJI eJLgJ liJs cOj^Li .iiUI ((jjjLjI)) ii^Ji ^j^jj ((SJliJl u,JkJL.» Jjj
.f-jLi f.Uai j_^ iiU oLJj^J aJ^/I aS'^^I r-li caJ iiI:>wJt yfcljJaJl A-^Jrj
((L^ljl;!)) ^^ aJ^ Ipj U ohj aj^LJI ((jjiub liuJi ju jl^jj ^f jiUaJI l-i*
5JL.!>1- ^1 Aif^j (^JLH ^l^-'^l ol c J_^l ^^. dAillj .k^^)\ ^\ hj^\ jl
ia-Mi* l^W jA eji*i U 0*^ cLgJ JLl^ ^f »^JLk.>« 4A»~Ii \y^'y^ jt-gJlj ((jjJ»ijl))
(.Ul ULj J=^lp jUJ")/U .jJLi jl ^1^1 ijc^j^ Dir lit c<--aj ^'^>i^
^Ul <Uiv9 ^;;^-*J liL*i tis^a^t^l iJt>U-(*>U( jl iJUMl jl itiiJI elpJ fj^^J*
^y t-Jkilj \J^ Cjy\ 01 Jb Mj Jaii (.jJl Ls-L C-^ li} ?Ji^/l jUiJl li*
t^l _ \>}i)\ ik-ljjj 4ij-^l syil J«^ ii'l^Ml JjJI JjJb- JL;p oiijj
^|jl*j| tw~-^ Jaii (-iJ ?>;ft>Jl ei* OU tLj,«-jPjJ Cu.>>« ^Jl ?t>t>Jl ^yajy
^_jA t_~*w>«i ^Jjj-Jl 4Jt>U-Ml j-jL(tJl OU tALi;>Jl ^j .t-jiLJI ^^1 JlLJI
VrjJjiJbSU ^L. ^jjj^l (/^^'^^l fUiJl li* OU odUJl l:dr ^j
^ U (it>U*yi 01 ^1 ,_;Ali*J LjU (.jy)i\ ia.>>^7 L.wl;'^ L>«-w Oij O^/l
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d\j c,,.-ii-* ia^ ^ j-o ^.j^' ^^ '^j-^^- ^-^^b »Ji^*^^' <y y
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j^ \^^ :Di>JJI ^ 4^j .^y- cjir ^1 oW^I ^ ^ (/t o^
jL-jNl J^J -Li) .Ji-JI >o- h^ -^^S j^j A. i^l^ 5-3LJ1 OU- ^
l^Mj l^L-, yi vL-jVI oU..::>^i ^J. ^1 A^ij ^j .oUI^I
^JJl y. ^.JJI ^l>->0 ^1 >j JlTj .4*^1 ,iA ^^- o^ J^ ^1
i^.^1 y'Li^ Ai^j yi ((Jl^jr ^J^ ^l /'^5^UiJI oiA ^ o^ Ailpi
jr ^ i^o^' J^ ou,-!.;^ jjNi L-iUJi ;,iiv cjir i^i 3-^ ;/>' -
:^."u^ V^'^^b V^-^V oU.js>^l «^ 5L^ ^U^ ij^. - (JUJl
1_^ U^ Ju. ^^1 ^^r^.j cA^U^I ^y AaUJj Lfr-^iJj Sji^l j^:^' -
^ UI>JI ,j.^\i >L.S( ^ vl->i>l ^.i-^i 5> ^ i^wi oi./i)( ,r^- (^)
^ o.jj ur JJlj^l ^^\ ,r^l .i.'i ^-iJI r^' ^.^ > ''^>' ^^' t^
ATI ur «j>Ji i> ^ i^ >; W- ^is- ^ui dI a;ui .u^Mi oi» .sbyii
JL> i^U^*^lj v-WJI <->J>^ U^^J ^^^^^ *^-^* ffJ^'* '■''^ ^ *^^ ■^*^"^'
.(0>i' V c^^i t^^f) ^^Su u«uji ^^^^_j ^_^i 4pU^ .
.5>lVl Ja.lj^ L 0>J^j OjjU> j\j>:\ s^^l ^Lipl ^^^^ _
<!:-^^ (/ ^J^ > r^'^^b 'Jt^^j ^^j j^ i^i ^ i^l-
^^jj) «p^l-)) ^j^^. U jl UJ> ,^ jA lj^\ ^y ^b _
/'^^L^VL oljl^l iiJj .s^^l ^LiPl ^*^ j_^.^
..iilpVL v-j^l ^U ^.iJlj ^^|_, ^^^^i^j, ,t^. ^-U_,^_J
Lewis H. Morgan: Ancient Society ((Ol=-j_^ ^_^9 >jf . j/Vl y'Li^U LaJLe
(Chicago: C.H.kem,1907).
.iii iLiJl ^> ^ ^ij^jii ^_ ujj^ i^-L^f ^ ^,_^_^i ^^ j^.,_^, ^.^^, ^^ ^ ^^^
YV.
l^U ^ JljJ N ^j c.y^l OU.^ ^ Viji o^ 'jiy"" Ui^^ ^'
ti!jj>JU i**i. j_^ J*>U AJljIjj ^ l^ j?«i U^_^ jj--i»» ^J Vl»lr
^^^ ^ iLjLjVl **^' ^-l -^» :Jj^- V^ ^-^ ^-^*^' Oj-^r^'
c^i^juifi^::^ ^ cjir ur Aji Ni ..01^:- jr ^ i*-^ ^^ Wi ..Uj^
y\X^ JJUi JIp cJL^I US'
jr Ji tU* .Ji*; (LjjJI) pjbo.^- jj jiJJI tlk-Jl ^jjl ui^*5^( i^ ^
^ i^i ob.y.~Ji ^ v^ ji W VL^Vb ^*^^> r^i j*-"^" ^^
Jjixjj iiL;aJI ^^ D_j<cUJJ - OyjL. jl U^ri IjJlS' frl^ - s-iU-Nl
Friedrich Engles: The Origin of the Family... :«>>il ^.j-kji '-J^^ (V)
James Fenimore Cooper: The Complete Works of J.F. ijj^ jy-^ u-*^* •-^' (^)
Cooper (New York: G.P. Putnam's sons, 1893).
Ralph Waldo Emerson: The Conduct of Life, Nature, idj^yi j^lj uiJljl :>it (")
and other Essays (London: J.M. Dent, & Co. 1908).
Leo Tolstoy: «My Confession)), The Complete Works of «c5>uJy jJi :>il (1)
Count Tolstoy.. Vol.13 (New York: AMS Press, 1968). P.81.
.»lj=rf iJLJ ^ uiibj _^jJI Ui> ^ ^y v^l (V)
•^ ^V-'-'-'' ^^ ^>" ^^-~^ v'^ r^' »^ ^b '$;_l^l t^ Oj^r^i^^
^^^ Oil ^ ^t^^jl^l j>=Jl ^ ^ ^\^ ^j ^JjS}\ ^.jWI oUju
^^ ^ \^y6 ^\ ((i>;U,) Ul::^^! JlSCiVl ^^^ L-Lrf ?^lj^
^iJ^ \Sa ^j .^\j JiJij 5>JI Aiio^i^l UUp (^JJI j|c,j:>«JI ^ JIpI
,*^ U VI .^Ij JiJlj 5^1 :^ t_5y JjtJC ik^\y. J\J 5^.^2^.iJl
(^ .U>lj SljL^lj i,^t of cL^jf c^^f JiVl ^ j^^j jl oVi
^\ 5>JI of cLLj .^Ij JiJlj 5>JI ;k-l^ ol- ^ aJI^I oU,j>«JI
Leo Frobenius: The Childhood of Man, trans .A.H. Keane (New York:
Meridian Books, 1960).
Morgan: Ancient Society. sOW-j^S -.JlJ r^\
j^Jcj U :iJji C~.U liU .yJlj ^1 C« ^^^' ^ '*^^^^^^ ^*^^' r^^'
jjiu^ Di u) ^^^. oA^j ii;^^i 5jU)t ^.>- 01 .Suit ijisoi u/:; i^
Ja>.l . Ij^i ^.JJI ^ Dj^.^»>-iJl 5i>JI OL>-Sll ^. ^f .'uLJ 5iU« A;>-i;
j>u clj>. o^.jJl (^ (?5^.;»-^i ^^( ^ Jji >) o^l o>ji^l
\^ ^ ^\ J\J^\^ cOiJL^^Jl OlSCJI ^ iiX^\ JJLiil cUi^
^J^\ JL^ i^.> jJ)i\ J \yij oi^\ iOp jlij . Uno 4i^ Ji 5jMI
.^_^l ^ j^\^ j\j^ ^ JU>^ ^|-:>-^ a* *^r ^^-^-^^ J^'"^*
^^^ C^,^^\ gii^Nl /i ^ ^-U of ,g^ UUJj .(Si^^l) VI>MI
itiUI j»^l 23^*^ ^Jb- (/ n^ ^ cUiL«i^lj LgiUj l^iA^j Uii*i
YYr
CtAli j_^^,p c5jL;a^l ^U*j cXSljb Ja^_^l j^^l ^ .Uif >J
:cPb^l OW-iUI ii^-jUJI JL^I y,_, c«^j:w:^)) l^ JU UT jl .A^[^j
^Uj ^il:>v- ^f ^J\J U^ t_ ^L-JI _ ((cyjf OW))j - t.s>«-w. ^j..^LJ
ik^^ V^UJI i.iU( Sjjv' 5ilp bjjj /^^^Lj.^ 5^1 eJL* ^ i_>*5b^^[|
li* oir .ijh\j ;u^ ^^ ^ir ja^_^i j_y^\ ou^j>w* ou coisc jr
OIpIOj)!! j^l J^( y,_, _ ((^^yJl)) c-._^S[| OlTj .V-— Jl y (.-jJaP
liU / '*(((^is$' cli")) ajI ((O-^jA c1jj_^ Oj^b Ai^j bJ:, «- JU Jl «- Uai^l
j^u j4^j jU oi Aj?Ai c((c~i.jii)) ^ t.j^ ^^1 olj)[i ^y oir
OjOij . Ja--_^l j^^l LjJO^ ^1 ^^1 v-U^lj V-jJI oUlx^l
Claud Adrian Helvetius: De L'homme... fij_^jiiU9 :)J\ (\ ,\
Jean Arp: On Arp: Poems, Essays, Memories... (New York: Viking Press, 1972).
Nikolai A. Berdyaev:«Man and Machine», the Bourgois Mind and Other Essays
(Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1966).
Kenneth Clark: Civilization: A Personal View (New York: ^^nj^ >L~j^% :>jf (U^
Harper& Row, 1970).
Alfred North Whitehead: The Future of Religion (r.p., n.d). 8a^j»» :>;l {\ T
O* j>' W* cr*^ c^iliiSl U .c^jJJi U^^j c5y^>JI U^^ ;5jU^
;ju. U^ c5> ^^j -iS-^ c^y^ ^' "^-^ *^ ^^ ^^ '^ ^' '^^
^j ;W^j UJU oiJu J Dir ^.i JS' 01 ^ 2iil a;r.yj . J*5U.Sllj
.O^V>j «j^/»j (.^j^.)j «c^»J «2^'^» J^' '^>^> ^^
^U3l J^- ^ ,^1 \J^ >-j5» JJ^^^ '^JJ^' c>-->5' JJ^^^J^^O^ i)
t^^ jjMli :>> (\"V)
= Andrew Lang: The Making of Religion (New York: AMS Press, 1968).
rro
^ obT ^. U Olj t^Ui- ^_^ «4iUiJl ^jLi 01 tIJL* ^ ^yiU^i^j
.A^Li^ V» i-J Oli l^l ^I^VI |;j ci:^ ^V| i_^ _ ^Vf ;i^J j|
^^ ^) 'UpU UJi UL^I oo^ ^1 IJu .^Vl jt ,^JUI jt ^U^l
j^ ^ \^) h^j UJlj UL^Ij t(«^li!| ^^..^j^ij (,^ii!t ^^..,.:>^-j
/^^>(«oyU^l» o^ ^ UT) i^j jiij lijij ^^1 uUij ,(,^^,)
Sjl^l ^ C-^-^l r-^i c^j>-! Oir iSAi\ _ Bonampak ((iJL.U_^)) x** ^
cTijW ^5* L^> -^J 'v*^ JL-^ Ob 4iva^ 0U_^ ciiU; . iiC.^Vl
:«UiJ 50^ ij^ ^Ji i^^^^■^ J «t5jLUi)) c^i ^ ^ ^^
jJ«s!L ^ycJI jljj o^f jL oij .ojU^ ^^ «CJ^|» l^ ^jj_i ^ i^
^Ml o^ ^j:^\ aJI^ ^i (^JUi jjji jUJi ^i li;.
Wilhelm Schmidt: The Origin and Growth of Rehgion: Facts :«c-^ ^j»j =
and Theories.. (New York: Cooper Square PuWishers, 1972).
James S.N. Prous: From Shadow to Promise, Old Testament :«^j^ ..r-rrMij
Interpretation from Augustine to Young Luther (Cambridge: Balknap Press of
Harvard University Press, 1969).
Jacques Risler: La civilisation arabe (n.p., n.d), %}^.j iJU-s :>;i ( W)
«j!j .^ .M :>;l (U)
H.G WeUs: Short History of the World.. (New York: PeUcan Books, 1946).
'^'^^
.Chiapas «^WWi'»J Peten «jc^9 oblp ^ ^IJl 0>5t ^1^
V-Ll:£'j Ai^>Jl WWJ^-^ ^^*^' '^y i*^ -^^J '^.■^'
j^_ ^ (dUls JJLJ ^.> J>^ -^'^- -^^^^W*
0» -^.^ ^,r ^ ^'^ ''Z^* ^^^* ^ ^*^ "^* ^^*
Obl^. ui*W-i ^ ^1 c?i»^J ••(/>^' <>* ^^J ^^ ^-^.
^ j/^i ol^-Nl :((liUl9 JLiP c^^l ji (/ ui^^-^ ^/i "^^
c'iijiriiJI Ji^l c.li iy-JI OiA**)lj U^.^1 ^^i i^l^
^>J1 ji A:;^ cj/^i ob^jNl ^ .^jj^l V :.^- CyJlilij
^1 ^_^l ii.L-J( ^ ISU Uib- ^Ui. ob^J^I lAA ^ ^\
J.^-^ .^U^l oyrj^ jy^ U^l^ J>V W^J --^ -^ J\
L. U ^1 i^ W-^ O^- S^ c.^* ^ ^^>* ^^* ^'^ '^'
; «^,^^,) u:- oy-^* ^»y^> a- -^> i^- r^^» •'' ''^^^ ^^^
.«Nouvel Observateur» . .
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche: The Birth of Tragedy from :i*^i J^l Jjt >l (^ • )
the Spirit of Music and the Genealogy of Morals: An Attack, trans. Francs.
Golffing (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1956). =
0>:5^l a«. U.Jii\ 01 c^j iL^ :i>^ Jl . ^^^ Oj^ j^ ur _ Ljb
v"^^! «ojy^)) c^\.\s^ S'^'hAiJ^ ^ L'b iJL, lj^^ ^,ju«i "y o^
^^j . iUjOJI (.Uij jl JU*J| ^- ^ A^ u^ ,^^l ji ;^i^ ji^- N/
<-^ L?^ 'r^J^^^^J «De rebus bellicis» Ol>^ J_^f=!^ ^^^^.jj t_Jl^ »_^l:5'
U> iiU iLi. iiJI jl ((.^jl^l,) :Ulr ,^^| iii^l o^yj .(,J^^,) ^Uii ^
cManyoshu ((_^jJUi)JI dUoTj cj^>LJI JJ ^li)l ^^1 J| ^^ ,5>L.
^. of ^Oiiw ^ o> Up ^ Jij «^>» of JX.J aWl .li-jVl ^. V ^.U.j
jij «wJi .u-jVi ^. V ^1 j,iuji9 ^ j^o^ 01 u ^^ ^iji ,iUir J^\
Andre Maurois: The Art of Writing, trans.. (New York: ..«ljjj^ -ojOjfs >;! (Y^)
Dutton, 1960).
George W.F Hegel: Lectures on the History of Philosophy, trans.. «J=>i*li JiJ (T T)
(New York: Humanities Press, 1966).
Roger Cailois and Gustavo Edmond Van Grunebaum, The :«^>.ir ^^jj jJ (Yt)
Dream and Human Society (Berkley: Univ - California Press,1966).
*^.i^\ «^Lj>I ^^s,:^\j |JaJI9 1^1 c^- ^y jL^i j^ ^ ^^j^l ij^
.{\ «\nT jjj. rr . w ^) Uj^Jir i^\^, jh\ j^i ^^ ^j^jj
Marcus Tulius Ciceron: De finibus Bonorum et sOj^iwl. ^j± ^jU >! (Ti)
malorum, trans.. (London: W. Heinemann, 1914), and idem, De senectute, de
amicitia, de divinatione, trans.. (London: W. Heinemann, 1914).
f- jJl ^ Lj.Ja*«) SJLvai (jJI ^ tSys^ 'V^jLJ* ^UaSJI j^ l£-y>.>^^ ^_j»j
0>il ^ ^^ Jlii /'°^,^l«Jl ^1 ^'ijj -^t CjJI ,r^ ^r~" ((/'^'
oli SiLpI ^Vli caJUT ^I ^. of ((JJiJi JJUI vJ^) L5i->LJI J^\^\
i ^ikLiJI aJL5;>JI jv-*ii( eJU)) ..^[ ^UwJl jl JLj!- ayj N ^Uw^lj JU^
.Ol>i«Ji (_rA;j '^j-^ <i.jj\^^ ijJt jtJ t((OWjy frLJ)) v-j--* Euripides
U/l. 01 <.jAJ\ ^ 'Uji Oj^ U^is^. tJylliJ ^;;^ ^>4li jU»l (^ l>i^j
^"'^-'((OU-jy fU-j)) :ii^ u^ K-^:^ t-^ij j*p (^ cjfP^ j^y
^ U ^ liLi .^1 ^ UC^ ^ IAa ^:;^J .((yjL.))j ((^jO^JJi)) ujujl-
U*j |Jl*)l JW-^ ^y ((>^> JUpI ^>« u^ c^ ((J-'j ^lyji)) ^-^>-?
cyliT ^ S^ /'^>:U-,^ ^jJI ^^- o-l^l oi-^ .>- '^^ (/ *-^b
5L>JJ ^«-;a^- ^1 C^^- frLiNi (V.*^ 01 U ^^. c((OljU^I ^)) ((>^>
^ Nj S^y, N ^1 c3> L^ ^^ jr L^ c(3L^lj Oj^l) o^lj
The Manyoshu: The Nippon Gakujutsu Shinkokai: translation of «^jJL.» ^1 (X o)
One Thousand Poems with the texts in Romaji.. (London: Columbia University
Press, 1965).
^\ iJJi ^ ^^\i t^iUI 0>!ir Xiy.y.i f:^ dj >l«JI 0>!l Oj»^j>JI ^. (XI)
Id* ^ ijiJI ^1 iAP Oi Ji ..j;.^! ^p-aP tji JU*f ^JU;-j l^^L^Sj ^b^Jj UjLjil ^
Civilization., p. 34. lA^bT J dj^AT .i^s >;! :i^aJI jJ2 ^1
The Trojan Women, Adopted by Jean- Paul Sarter, trans.. «OWj> tL-is >;! (XY)
(New York: Knopf, 1967).
Bertrand Russell: A History of Western Philosophy. ej-'j -^l>>l> :>;' (XA)
YY^
-^li ^^ t5^l Ji-^ "^^ L. -j^^ Jai«o Uoui a(4J ;3U4 ^[ ^j»j «4y«-iail
(.U oii- of Ai>j| oi^ ^. J^ /''>^jNl ^ _^j ^y-^l'-u^j
^«^l J^^ J J^\ -l»^l ji'LL. ^ ii^^- L. Silp ,Li.Nlj LSj.
'5-*^l ^jAi^t (^^J^J tV^I is^r^^ >^^ ,»j' i>«J .^?»a-^iJl
V^l ^1 ^ ^^^ Ji L^ i^,y,% lujjP\ ^i^bJl ^ AilSC. O^j
.d.a>JI ^^Vlj ^jj/Vl ^1 j>; ^ ^.>NI ^1 cJLi^l Jf
V^'' ^' </ ^JJ^' ^^1 j^l-^ ^r Ij-W^ - L. o^ Jl _ ojUpI ^^.j
^ (/ Wijilj L.Jjjl uy 5iU- aJjU* JL«*J 01 ^iJai-J N t-u^ cJ^I ^j
Aristotle: On the Heavens, trans... (London: W. Heinemenn, n.d.). «>-> :>Jl(Y \)
j^\ oL ^» :U>i ^'*^j j^ yUl olikoiJI ,iA 1^1 j^ \^^ i/ji\ (r.)
^^\ A^jJ^\ ^'Lj ^ Cij.Ji^. O^lIiJI ^"ilj* .Jji. -J j^ ^ j^Ul, l^^,.;:^.
-r^^'^b r'-^i 'c'^'^ij c'>^i '0_^ij 5UJI ow ivVi a^uji c^tjij >ji o-
ij>^\ \^\ ^\ ijii\j i^J\ h^\ ^ .iJLLuJ j^aj^-Ui iLJ jt ^ ^_^
^}^\ j\^\ J>j^\ ^. ^ c^^ CJ_^I Ji .^Ui)l Ji^ ^ JjSlI
ijLjNl iiiUiU ^ji^ ^ysJ^ .-i>.J> J-;*»t (/> ((5-^yJl OIJ)) oLIp J«J
<.N> uiv isy JL^^ jr^' «:jI)) :lS>. ''^^ u:i^^ ^ ^l ^^ cr^
^.r<» ^^ l^ c^f Jij .5ji*j> i*-i oli v*J' (^^J 'ui^'l-M' u-\J>
J^y .i\)i ^>J ^ JUpNI eJuo ^y U ;i-i^ ^;-S^- of ,*Ja;^- ^ l^j
^ ^lillj cSUJi ,y^ ^ Jl>- J/N( ?l^ ui/ :^ v^i Jl>^ Ji*^.
Elie Faure: History of Art, trans. Walter Pach, Vol.5: The Spirits Sjy ^.l* >^l (f ^ )
of the Forms (London: Harper & Brothers, 1930).
Cf t'J-^' l^ -^^ -^ 5jUa>Jl J,^- ^^^,j .SL^JI sJuk ;ii/
;iUJI ^j:^. c^J^llj cili^lj cOjJl^Ij ciJLJl ui^t>JLj !> cjLJl Ji\J^\
^ W. ^' ^lj_^l J\ j^. ^'b J:^ ^ c^iUill Ul .^UiJl o-iUjj iijJLJl
^^j aL'UJj g^^l 4Ua^l c^iUiU ^j^yS jLj^l 01 .OjAjt
.^,j-iiU <clJjU j»j^j :Lsit>t Jji jl
cs^lji i^ir <^i^ ciyji ^^jj^ ^^^^^ to-.^ iu- j^i ^ ^f ju,
((^j,^/-,) Ji. ,,uf > jf ,((.«>UI ^) .u^j ^^^j ^^
jjluj i^j _ ({^_^ o'jL'Sj ((c^jiJy))j ({cJl5'))j ((Jal^sj ((li_^ UL-_^))j
^yy) ^UJl ^^1 ^^ ^^LJI Jj ^^U! j>Jl ^ a:uJ ^jJ( J. Lu^l
01 .L«^^ J!>UMI l>j^\ \^ ^4*^^ - (mo iu- S^ ((jy_ ^jL.))
^Ij ^l_^l ^ j^- ^i. ^j (^^)oL' jJU^ 4J!>u'NI jJU>J1
05 ((ijUj-Vl >J)) of Jl ^j diii ^y v^lj .^b"Vl ^_JUj LpL^-VI
eiJ^' 6^ ^^^ J*^l jl ((ijL^l i-oiJl)) iU; 4jUJl Aji^ ^ L
U^L^- of UJli A^ J 5>J1 jf jj^ljf JiJl jj^ ^ ^_, .^ i^LjMl
UdiP ,y^ ^ ^^\ ^ ^ '-^ "Vl a.j. ^. jjj ,Jii, y,j u^i^L
«a^j J,,.^^^ 5^ jf ;i^ J\ ;^u ^ ^. ^j '(v-UJl.) aJp ^
^LSUJI ^ ^^ii^- jJU>Jl 9Ju» c-^f .5>JI jf ;iycJl jj> ^
John Kenneth Galbraith, The New Industrial State (i^\JW ^--:< 0J=^9
(Boston: Houghton- Mifiin 1967).
J^U^NI ^ J-^- N cU>j ;^.j^" ^J> J* ^*^^* ^-^' ^^* ^
y^j ((jikJl ^IjiJNl)) j^^^JlJI -u'V J «^^» -^ J^^- -^'^^ *-^^
-1))
Leo Tolstoy: Thoughtson God, the Complete Works.. Vol.16 (New York: AMS
Press, 1968).
Marcus Antonius Aurelius: Meditations, trans.. (London: «^jJjjl /'j^» >^' C°)
Dent, 1967). and Titus Lucretius Cams: The Discourses of Epictetus,
trans.. .(Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britanica, 1955).
.^.^Ni j^j ^^ ^ (Ob .;,^i J\ ^ ciUi. ^I ^ :j.A^ J\ >i
ili_^^ ^ji c^l jLTj JjiiAllj (.^1 cji^Nl \^ (.^1 cLU^ v-^ e5-^l
x-^- N .(..frLiij ^LJI .liio A^- N .^Dl Jl ^V '-^"^^ rl .ii^-UjJIj
; ^'1^ ; ^-^ .^ ^Di r>=-- ^ -Li^' >^- ^j '^^^-y"^' .>^- ^ 'cr^-^f'
?t5JUiNl ^UiJI lJj>J Uij jl^jUJI oAa >i- J^i
^.> J-^l» :Jl^ ((^UJI JiJl JiJ)) 4.br ^y ^i ^ 4i^ !».' ,((LIp
^-^j y^^a^^ ^.j^ IV (iJj^. ch UJU aJjjI t^JUl Ij^l L^ OjS;
jj^ Ai*i ^y;*^i^ U JjuJ V lijLu>» :*_-.U-U ti»Liu-l ^1 SL- ji>j (juT
^y ((Ojy^D jUj /'"^>((aU ^^jIp ^I ^j; U J*i3 "V)) :iJb)l oUiS^JI
cJl aU ..^u>^- 01 J^, ^^^fl ^_^ eJUl- U JT)) :i^.jijl Ujj
(/ oiJ*--^ (/ c^^ t^-^l - Hillel ((JJU» ijijiJ\ JJlJI U /* •>((dJL^
Oi .((i!jl>^ <Ui; "y ^ J*5i d\ Aij ^i U vWti ,jiJS\ ytyr jU::>-b
.oLU*j ^j^ ^j lAp Uj J^l IJU ^ ^- L^j^..;^ ^^ Sljjiil
Immanuel Kant: Foundations of the Metaphisics of Morals, SCJlS" JijiL-jB ^Jkll (rV)
trans...(Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1969), and idem, the Critique of Pure
Reason, trans... (Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britanica, 1955).
Diogenes Laertius: Lives of Eminent Philosophers, «^>!A)I ^j-:^y.i% >Jl (VA)
trans...(London: W. Heinemann, 1959), I. 36.
Cicero: Di Finibus bonorum et malorum.. «Ojy~ti» : JiJi (i . )
«Part Sabbath» The Babylonian and Jerusalim Talmud, trans.. «i^l9 :>jf (n)
(Jerusalem: El' Am, 1965).
Lun- Yu: Thoughts and Talks of Confucius (n.p., n.d). Hy. 0^9 :>Jl (1 Y)
Matheur: 7:2 and, Luke: 6: 31. «li_^8j «^8 ^_^J :^{ (jv)
m
cSOiJL^rJI 2L,^b ^is^^ "^ J^*^*^ >* 'r^^' «r-^» J-J^ -^
ob iJUi ^ ajU cX> J^ Jl J^' J*-^ ^ «J>^' j' 'Z^' J* v^'
.5^lj ^.-->.... II d->Jl UIji W l4» 'WJ^ ^^1
Llpj jLSOJ Up JbrJ jJi*Jl j^ .i.1^1 JJU^JI J^, ^J^ uLo- ^
l_^*^ N j\ \j^, 01 Ui cjLSOl Ji« jUi»SH ot c((Ob_^»j (^^y.^^3
rr ^ AijSUi Sjs^jtJi ((^y_^» ip^^..^ ^Ai^iJj .aX^-j^i c^-r^'
a;ui> j^. (ij\jy)> Ji\j .^-uir jji Ojikd jui^Sfi ^ 6j(>j oir
Aiy^ ^ jii[i .0^ ^ i-iUl ^ JIji N _^J ((y^/il)) ^ i^J^I
Oi^->UJI ^ ^» .^jjl ilsL-oj v^tj v^b ^ ^j c^ _^ uji
rro
^_pJ Lji» L-J*; jl ;ijt« SjLp otj coLJi J53 ^L* ^1 jl Jjil Dl
«^bk C-^JJ S-^ L«Jl^ t^i" jjai* |.L.I jjai* bk ^jj !A» .oLj^ aJ|_^I
■J>-'J-^ Z3J3 ^
((j^kJI)) ^y> bi_^ ^y L;*iUjl ^Jj^ dl Aj j_^vaA4 ^iUI jJli>JI jI^I
Andreas Franzke: Dubuffet, trans.. (New York: Abrams, 'i^/y\j ^^ij-i^h >;! (it)
1981).
jJU-j jJb- 5/i jr oJir ..4pL;I ^ l^::iJL^ (.15 ^| a^Lj^l 5UJI ^ JTLuJI
Petrov, Tolstoy (n.p., n.d). iSj^y
UjUljUlj^l
dJiJi j^ U-» _ 5a?-lj Ljjfi J^Ji *il
A<ut Lj>J^ .M*^^' ii^LuJi ^
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Jl OU;)/l J>^- 5^1 oJU .LiUJl^fj bUJl ^yJI JiJi ^ o>^ ^1
((OU;)/l J^lo. ^(» .frUi. M V^J^ cij^ u-^" f^l^ Ji ..t.J^ ij^
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.jJI ..J-JI OLiTj jly^l >^l^lj J,^! L,%L ^ .OAliJ ur J.IOI Olj^l 2^.:^;^
^ ojlyl iL^jf owJ «U>i Jl Utopia ^Jks^l i^y o/^j tS^ s^ljUJIn
iiUl ot U^Uj tnAr 5y.UJL, jyi^l a^^i-Jill |»^^*Jl9 ^^i iuyJI ^1 ^-^
Jl >JI c^ ol J> ^Or .^1 JJU- Jl oIpx. O/i oi ^\]i..r,A J\ «;UUJl9
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^> .^yJ> cHi y^ W^j '-^j^j J^ *^ v^i i^uj ^ sjiiju ^.tijUJi
rn
jiji^ Ji/ ij^j ..LVW^I ^^ ,_r*-'^' »-^ •■kjjr^^ (_r*-' cM^
cipljjJI ^y ^Ul ^_^ J^. 01 v^. >i\ ^oWLi^"^! oi* jr ;.j_^^^^l U
jjo Iji^ 01 (»-«.;^ ,_si- tii-"^ U»il Ijij^ 01 (».^ - '^^^J'^j ^iaiiJl
j^jIp tiUiJj 4aJL>- \.^.^i OjSj bi oilpj ..aJ fr^ i^kl jt-lAJl ^y ^l-^Jlj
01 f ISUJI j^ ^j . .^,^.,^211 oJuh 0_^ O'!'^' u>^>-il J-^ v-»lj^' 01 aJjaJI
..c^iSOl J^ ^\M% ^>) ^L-JI ^yu:. >i J^j .aJjaJI ^uj ijiis;
^ t.j^ J' ^^ v>^. '^"^ '(^*^jj ^^"^ u>-jjr^' (^ ^- ^'^J
J^ OjjJl^ (^l JUajSflj V^i ji_^ jyu^i L-^ .1^ o^ ^J^ ^r^*
v^4^. A^Sf t^l ^tjUJI e:^" jl Ui^ ^\yJ\ OjS; 01 v^. "^j . .^j^
j\^y\ 0^ JjUiJj ..o^. 01 L.lj cj**! 01 L.I ^Ij^li ..aJjaU Ij^ II4.
((iJliJI »jji!i» tLj'ii -s — '^ *ij^ '^r^^ ^^—^ WjW'j ^b-^' ui^ i«_^M»iJI «I»
^ Ojj>^: JliiiSlI OlTj .USUI jl v,..;;^! 5L,JI Ji*J ^1 oU.^.^1 2^ cJir
(j_^^ij ^^'^1) j-^-^1 ^ ^>Ji II* > ..u«^t ^j i^ v^ M iuir objir ^I
Yl.
^ J^l oN^ JU. J..^^ Ur cAi^ L^Ail J^l Cr' lH' cM^--J'
.UIjOJI y.^ ^ hj>^\ CJir lili . vLjN l^j iL^l^ WjWl M Ol
Lrf^Jl 5y.j^ :iJyi AJl^l ^ a;1_j:>^ j^y-j ci^l jiS'l ^^. v^> dr'
JUp ^:j .apIj^ Olj^lj JjL' W^ ci^.j 3^\^ O^W i»:^.j .5l--i»
V- J^ c;-l > 'W ^ • Cr- ^J^ ^J-^ J^ cOlp,,.^ ^ ipljjJI
o^l ^ ^>.j :^\J\ J^j^\ J u^ ^y^. '^I ^. ^'^\ J\ ^-r^
A^^. N ciiSO.^ -u^ 5^ j'h J r^^ '>^ ^-^--^ ^^^ '^^^
^jj^i ^ ^ri ^: ^ 0-^^ <sj^ J-v. -^ij J^j .OU.UJ1
S> J*>^j .£^)'* c;^'^ ^ <sA^ o^^ ^^A u^- ^^^^- '^--^
JU^ 2u4iii* ^yup ^ -^yL^i AiUiJI iUir OjJI ..«LJ* ^j'^ t>^»>^
A^y Nj .(Lai r. ^yv) ^(j t^'> ^>i t-J*^*^ ;^^^' "^'^^
Plato: The Republic, trans. Paul Sharey (London: W.H. ((0>-5UI» >Jl (V)
Heinneman, 1946).
of c.LJij Jl^JI ,^^^,^1 ^ ^^_j .jJlA>JL iUI ^ ^Lu; OjJI
.Oli^lj ^_^l ^j SjUJ|_, i^\j^\j ^ui l^lj ^ ,iL^ ii^ \_^j^^
^^-*^ tTJ C(— Ij^l ,yj o>ll y^ ,1^ ^ Jaii ^ja;::^^- l^j ajj>^\
.ol_^ ^ S^ (.jo; k^ ^^U 0_^a^.^. J^l ^j .oUL- ^UJ
\^J^\ ^. jf Lgil^f .OP a,j, Nf ^ly 01 S^NI ^j .^U j^l^
.JiS/l ^u*Jl oli ^S/l ^ s^bjji ^jy ,,^^ L^ ^1 ^^1 ^,^ li^ _^^_^_
f loj ^ Oj^.;*^^ c^UJi jL^_ ,1^ ts^ ;^i^ jb s^f r . J5:jj
Oli cdUi s^l^ Jlj ,^y^ t^ ^ ,i^ ^^ ^^^ ^ ^.i^,
L>JI fUjI J \^^ oi O^d^lj^l ,*Jai^.j .cjyj ^.^ (.UWI iljLpi
^L^'yi ^1 c^LpjJI s^U a^^^=y^\ ^Ui)) ihC i,^ :l^ o^
jLi^'yi ,;jjj| i.^ ^ ^t ci._^'^lj i^Nl oli->U!l ^Wl c«lil ^
Cj^ ^L^Nt (,_iJl ^ ^^,^_;^t SljL^ ,^| (.^1 J;i- ,^^1
JfL,j iS^ :UU^ c^ldl c^L^I ^^1 J^ ^_^| ,iiaj| v^_^
Sir Thomas More: Utopia, trans. Paul Turner (Baltimore: %jy ^L-y ^liJIo :>ji ( i )
Penguin Books, 1965).
y.^, cL.>JI J» .^UJl ^ L.>il J-UiTj cDL^V' e* ^'^-^^ ^^'
.Jfl^ W* ^tT' J^ '^^'j >^' J*!^
^^V' lT^-J^ '«J=t«^)) -»^ ^' /°V^^* t^ y^ '^'^^ ''-'^^^
aUi^ ^ ,^. c^.ui ^uji cj^ jy^ J j>)( i.W^ >^. r^>-^t r"^^
^Uir*^! ^ ^y LbT Lambert Quetelet ((CuJJj/ O^)) ^( .(^1 cf
X:^, ^^^s^:^\ :f^(^^ .«,«^.i^l oLv>)) ^ U*> '^l>^ «^'
Marx and Engels on Maltus: Selections from the writings of %^^i u-^j^» >"' C)
Marx and Engels dealing with the theories of Thomas Robert Maltus...
(London: Laurence and Wishart,1953).
George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Lectures on Philosophy of 8j>>^» :>il ("l)
History...(London: H.G. Bohn,1944).
S-^ M^ ji-^ - David Klein ({jii^ oJb)) j_^jdl ^^.j /'^^^Ua^l
51^ aJIxi^Ij ipj^^ i^ii^ U^ ^ Sly ^^_ ^jU^ _ ^i^ ^ oL;fJl
.L^ V>^l Vr^Jl ^U^l Oi->Jl ^<-u^. ^Jbj 4c5^l iPAA^ ^
'^-^ LS^l uyvi J^>^ ^Uai-^l ^ o_^SLj 4VjUJI J*^- L«a;pj
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(New York: Kennekat Press, 1968).
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Fran9ois Marie Charles Fourier: The Utopia Vision Selected ((^.jy lj~Jly))j
Texts.. Love and Passionate Attraction.. (Boston: Bacon Press, 1917),
Robert Owen: A New View of Society.. (London: J.M. Dent and ((j^jl O^jjiij
Sons, 1927).
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Atlantis (London: Oxford University Press, 1966).
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r££
JL>-Lij -lya^ Ig-s^nj JjUs^ Ol ,j^^-»J 4Jli<Jl T-iUJI si* .ILL. OiJj>«J
J_^ t^iU^I t^j:^^ ^1 LjjJaJl L^jJy^- OUI^I ((^^l-^ u-J-^1))
ilyNl ,_^ J^y, M tOjilsU ^Ijf o^^jj J ii^\J\ (JUll)) IIa ^y
^ frUiJl p. U .OL^ Nj i]jS:^ Nj o-Kjl. Nj (.LjJl iSU* dj^.
f-Lj::>.Nl ^^^ Jb^f lilj .h\ji>i\ JbJli (^L,^! 0lj4='^ OLjNU .^^p
5L>JL; OjLL. ^^,5^ (^JJI Li .^^L-Jl ^t-J^ o. ^1 ^^^. J'^^.i^
PjJ O^^jj ^ tkiXii ^ ji^ j^i^j ^siai y «W ^^ J^ '-^--^^ (j^ ^'^A
SiLwj Jj'L»Jlj (»l]iJlj Ac^jil Ojiiii t(»-»j::^ j^ V^i J^* 'u-^* Cr*
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^ (Ji*-;aJlj 5_^1 ^ U outi^" 4jjL-LJI iiu4>Jl sJLa _ frl^^l ^ UpU
^_jl^j C^l^Wiilj <^jli)/l j»^^lj ^^Ij (.UiJi U;l .b^ U .J^j ^j
_^^ U .iJLj)/l Sy.jJL jl OLj>L 0%^ J-jU'Vlj iJLj)/l
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^ JUJI y> Ur _ AJUiJ 01 LuIp J^J U J*ij 01 LuIp Oir lil^ cb-^ljl^
xrlji ^_jj^ y> !!*_, .Li-jui tr_^ ojLipi jX^. *y ^^ ^ ^j^ lii
•fc^^LJl ^k-lj; ^j J>U t\^\ j^ Jl j»^.^ Oj.^. I4J ^Ul 0^
cU-jui ^L^ ^ j^i ,_jir ^ '»>uir ^bi i^:uj.j <^^j; iUJi 0/*
>.ji cjii uj^j .^^i u,>, j>^^^ oi 4:^ *y _ -^i^ j^ _ j^ii
ou cJuJLj . J-jUSU bU- ki J*ii ^ 4Jli ciwUJi ^^U i^.^ iU^
Yil
Cjt^l t.y^ jA \jJ^ Ojll 5jLp j_jAj c(((i*iU^[| ^yi 5ji Ljj ^)) LgiW
/^''^Lri^ilj ijPj^l Cju -k.y ^1 ;i->UJb uil^a^l ^jl cUiir l^j
cOlJjIjJj OlStAc-j Jaia>- :j^ A^L-I J--iajj *JL*)I 'Aa^\j> «C5^JU/« ^;;^^
iS^y^ LfJU ciy sL?- ^Jp }j^'^ c-aJs li} l.g..,».fti oLJLJJl »JL*j .A-pj-^l
,4jiLJI AaJLaU A-pUjL>-I A;?;^ ((iiriyji^llj LJwU ciiy dii-JJ ((ijjjijj^ll))
Haward Selsam et al: Dynamics of Social Change: A Reader in Marixist Social
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Cj^yji ^ Oi^l«il ui^>«^l an L^ i/«*j- (/>^ >^ f^ ^y J^' c/^^ '^J^-J
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Government and Society.. (Gardin City, N.Y.: Anchor Books, 1977).
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IS j\ tc5j^l ,-Ji^l i^l i^UJIj ;pU^ ^ ^i^\j* Victor Turner (Sy^r^ j>^B
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Victor Turner: Dramas, Fields, and Mitaphors: i}j^ j>^B J*^"^ .iUaa'VI
Symbolic Action in Human Society (Ithaca, NY: Cornel University Press, 1974).
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Sidney Dellon Ripley: The Sacred Grove: Essays on Museums ((O^.i ,^-V-B
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Adam Smith: The Theory of Moral Sentiments (New York: S^i-— f^i» >' (^ "^)
Garland Publishers, 1971).
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[The Humilated and the Insulted (Moscow: Goc Iza vo choodoj, 1956).
Ernest Block: Natural Law and Human Dignity 'Ai^i^. c— ijls :^l (S'K)
(Beograd: n.p., 1977), p,7.
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JUisN 4,U*« jf t((*>^:ij^)) Oj^" of jf tOl Ai^ el:UJI i_>^;i»«J of ~^yi\
■^yH\ of C-dpf ^1 5jU>Jl L^l .;iUiJ iUlp jf 5^-/^ jf c^.^^1
Jji") ^>^> J^\ frL-JI i-Uj >«ijj .L^ l\yJi\ jj>^ OLi OOPjj t^!:'^^
'\y,j \yj l^iW oii t^Nl Ljli Ailiiil Ji^L^' oU^'Nl IJufc ^jSj^ J^
^ji*. oj^Nl Ju?^^ j»j>^.j c((oj^':i/i)) A*jljl -u^ji ((y:.!^)) (.--ji SjUa^i
.J>JI ^ <^ ^_^ ObJl^ Ai^i^Jl J Ujkj c<-^ fUaJI Jl \^ OL^.
U**>^r .Oic^U^l O^lj ^t^W ^/-J^' J^^l ^jtrij u>;.^l Oj-J
u*j 45^S^ iUa^ u**>^rj .frc-jjjij v^i ^-^ r-^--? ^'^' ^ ^->^'
Jljj y^ il>Li^ ^ U^j .^LjNI oUJI ^y of^ >iJl jjAiJ ;>.-i
"r:)d
[ ^\^
"r:)(
•a ->-»-:!
IS:
u^l I ^J^l I ^^
;(j»JL.j aJp 4JI j_5JU9) x»j>^ j^ ^J>^ jjL- ^jl" rOUuijl" ^"^L-^
Nj cJ--iJi abcH ftJ^'^l ?«ijlJ y^ J>-^l ^J^' '-^ -^J,^ ''^ O'J^'j
^•>L-Vl ^jli UlT ^iy.^ ^_^ o-j'-^' J^- r* '^i *^^ ^ *^ k^^"
W^^ i>*J iaJ^"^! ^jIj" t^ er^'j JJ-^ ^'*^' '^^-^'^' *-^ ^^^ -'^
. J^ U*,^.^ ^y VL-^^^I Jl >i of (JLjj c^.jliU l;3^p^ DLjVI ^
j^** "-^j^j 'V'>^' sLj^lj ^!Jl5>^l »L^I ^^ji** OLjVI J»jf- l^J^iU- j^j
CJ^J; JiJ .•ij-^j Oli'^U j> L*^^ ^J w'^^' ^AiJIj ly'^^' f-'^'
4J^^* j^^ OJ-£.?»J Oi X>j>w«j (_5--f'j (_j-j^ OU ;li^j .(/^l cT^' O*"
.((ONlj Ud LJ\j ^Vl ^l«JI ^ V cJ^jNl ^ ji^- Dt
l>«-j 4i,<J j_^ Oji^l tlyutJI 2--y jUj vji' ^1 Jl V.r-^ v^ «Book of Job» (o)
.(l»j«-jiJI) !..UJltj 5^~J L-iliJI -lJp .liil (^^1 ,;«;...♦ II *c5^l 5j_jk-<l 1^
ly-iy 01 lj«-ial^ -J ij^l 01 - J:>«J - ((cj»-jli_^)) eJjc ^j ((OUij)) Ja?-*y
IJL*)) t5j^ aJ OjjJ ^^ t^iil (JUJI ^ <*^^ ^ (»->»->^' *^ ^"^ ijiihJI e^
SiLJl 01)) Hasdai Craicas ((^'^./ c/I-L-*)) J_^.j /^^t^jJjJl) ((i_Jl>Jl
UJU oJj^ ((lj>;~-)) rij^ J*>^ t>* (^ 01 j~-Jl j^ ^\ A^\ JL.-jr ^
Ol j^L^I j^ 4((ljji~-)) oLbiT ^_^ .V«*-^l t-AJj^ ^ Jaui^ ^Jh ^
Uij?- ((4-A^j*yi)) ^\ jj^_^ (^jjl ^Iks^Jl j^ HXi ((A*j-JaJl)) «iks<a^ ^-slaj
Ol .''^^j^. liiJi 1^1 jLi-l -^ -^-^ «lj>?^)) Ol Jj .[,_si«^l yW of Oji] ^
-li t(eilj*yij) ^^^\i ^ji>:^\ Cj\Jup ijA^'ill ^Ik^a.^ ^ siU^Li t((ljji--~-))
e-^>>«J (ti-j - ((lj>~~-)) Ol lili- *yj .JjlkJI -^ (_5J1 **«iaJl ^JksA* j^ Aj^
,_yU- liij^ l^jXi* Oli' iiji>Jl ^ Ajl *yi _ ijij^l AjJuap ^ lT*-^-^'
OlT t^t;j.-«-Jl j^ JJ L^ OjLi ij^l OlS' ^1 ^((s-'v^l)) aSvLw. 0}
,Ojs>«--~Jl j^Ji Li' ^U^l ^^ ,_^j 't/'J*^' (^ jAxj:!- L^l (L>j^)
^"l t^JJl ,<.a. f > -> - l i ? c .j.»^Jl OjA>mJ tcdjjjl ji— )) ^^ ■2'jW ^L|^ i_s^
Moses ben Maimon [Maimonides]: The Guide of the Perplexed, trans. Shlomo
Piens (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963).
Leo Strauss: Spinoza's Critique of Religion, trans. E.M. Sinclair i\jy~^% ^1 (t)
(New York: Schocken Books, 1965).
Ernest Renan: Oeuvres Completes, ed.. Vol.7: Etudes ((Obj C— Jjlii }a^ (i)
d'histoire religieuse- Le Livre de Job (Paris: Calmann - Levy, 1961), and
Nikolai Berdyaev, the Beginning and the End.. (New York: Harper: 1957).
Bertrand Russell: History of Western «iri>)l SiL-ill jcjjll ^J «J-j X,\jj,_i (o)
Philosophy (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1945), PP. 363 - 364.
YVY
JiUJi V OjSC ^s^i\ ^UJU .jbix^l v^c^' ^j^ r^ W '^ ^b
«IL- US' cV-f— U Ja^l li* ((uik^jf ^.AiJh) ^" oJj .OUj jr jy
5y.UiJlj M^Ul OU^UJI ^ c^L^I 015^ i-*^l ^ >Jj .Siij^i ^*^j
C—J oiyiJIj oU*>U!l slgi .Aji^^lj aJj^U\j ((i^JkuJI v^^*» 0^!
^i^_^. 01 Ji^.j AHS:>j^\ ^h ^U :iij^ cJ\^ ijiil c>il o^ U
^1 OjSj of :iiiU»-Jl jWi ^ ^j -V-^ i^^ 1/-W ^U^"^* (^
^y Oj^L-^ LJli IjJl^ ,.-«^j t^iUiJl y Lib l_^^^^. (J ij^l 01
^^t 5jUa^ j_^l ilil 5jUa^ j^ iJb 5^^ ,y ^IT jS^j .ojU^I
^ ^ i^l 01)) :((J-j Jiil>^^)) Jji .v>^l J W 1^ ^-^ -^J ■»'^J
Werner Sombart: The Jews and Modem Capitalism, trans. ((OjL-^ yjjH >Jl (1)
M. Epestain (Glencor, II.: Free Press, 1951).
Werner Sombart: les Juifs dans la vie Economique. «OjL-^ Jjjt :>Jl (V)
Yvr
^OiJIj ii-lkJlj lo^j j_^ OJ^ S>J, c^JLiJI ^jliJI ^ .^jUll J^ ^
L-^j fl^^:--^! OJ^ J^ il^\ j.^ lj\\> ^j .U-^lj jJlJjJj ii»l->j
CV--JI W .y^jUJl ^I^L (.L^'yi OjL'lj c^UJl Jl . ^._^1 ^jLJl
01 Ui y^ cjiO^ ^Ai^. 01 OL-Ji j^ai^. ^(i)) .^jVl eUL?lj ^U^l eUj^i
"^ dUI .>^L ui>.i^j U*a>.l dJL^ jl c>^t v^.j \^jj\ e^
Russell:.. P. 342. i*^.yi\ U-JLiJI j^jbi ^ ^^j oJly^s :>! (A)
Matthew: 6: 24. «j_ji. J-:>.Jl» :^I (<\)
.(^^1) JUlj 5j^l Oli,^ J\ U^Vi obl::S^I ^ ^ Mammon idyU (.)
Oir liij c4^jj ^ dpi Ot aJ*» ^liJl J\ ^^. OL-JNI Oir liU c-u^
j^^JJ j»4Lu J_^, jl C^l^i Jj*iJ (t^jM L« (»^,i>-I Ji> O*" ^J*^*
-1^1)) ^jj 0>^ i!yk_^ Olitsb^l i_^j v-i^l olUJI oii^N aii
Ji ^j^ ^y^\ 01 Jl ^^ J->-il S-^ii ^.t-^ C((X.A;^JI ^i))j ((^.^1
Aiy . c^iUi ^uJi iii-j ;)iA«]i Aii . ((t^^» Jj-i^ij c^j^ Ojiii ^1
^)) :Caushoud i^y^/D J>. US'j -i^V^' v^> r'^ J^ t^-^' V^'
^J^^ jl ^/rj>^> (J^l j«^ '^y J^ -M iil'^' "^ ui-^l <^^ '^-^J
iU::;>l C^l ^ ,»^ - J^^ia^l '-^ dr* - ^j=f-->l u:!-^^ ''*>^^ '^^ "^
^^^i^l >JI ^ 5.liJ JI c^.j, *^^- jl ^jUJI ^UJl ^- Ol c^^LJl
^ iWi ^.jJli .^1 ^1^ ^/\ j^ ly ii-i^l ^5* J* j' - *^=^ "^'^ -
uJuT Jtj-- ^ SjU-I ^j cOlJJt «Ju* A^ljJj dij(i J W*^' uJ>-^ Jlj-
Ol OLjNI ^ ((i*>U ..J^ i-i ^)) a-«^ 4Ji .ji^Nl ^ ^U J ^^c~-
aJIp ^^;.^. ^U ..A^-A^l Jl J^ N ^IP i.\j:^ 4iU ir>- C4JI ^^-^
.i^p^^l jjJlJI jA IJI* .«Jl^J OUaj-iJI
Leo Tolstoy: «The Christian Teaching» ed.. vol. 22: The «cSj^y» :>il (^ •)
Complete Works.. (New York: AMS Press, 1968).
oir ^j ..4j c_._^' ^1 ^ t:uij ja^ ob_^' aJ oir ^9 :^ S^'u c_.i^ti
cSO^Ij 4iy,UiJl ;>^| OjSC- Oij .JU^l Jl y^o; (a/I^'VI) ijjiWj ^Ua*JI
.ui!>^^^l jr Uli^ l^\J\ h:^] ^j
Sj^^^I Obj^/I oiy> dUJUj .Vv— Jl Jl ^y^j! SjL^'^l 'i^jj OlT
J*J C(..-]a*Jl jjJaJI jl ((OlULJl)) ((iij^^l)) ^y o^jj :oyr«-*lijj jl ui^i^
j^ Ji> j*J '((^Wl)) ^,f--o j>.\ ji>j cS>^ ^;5l. j»ji c3Li ji>
:JJL^ ^^Ul ,,,_i- V-^^l ;_^j ^'°^u-^' ^^ (
^ Jilj
oU! ijUil sL^Jl J^li. ^y c^j^^yi (.UiJIj i^jl^iU i^U 5U iJU^
Matthew: 6: 31, 5: 29, and 5: 28. ((^> J-=^Jl9 :>;! (^ \)
Paul: I Cor.l: 19. it^y. J^lo :>i (U)
Luke: 3:10. ((li^ J::=^Jl» :>l (^f)
.YAT iNl t5>JI 5j_^ :>il (U)
Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki: Studies in the Lankavatra i^^/ ijy jj'^ jLJbo :>;! (^ o)
Sutra, one of the most important Texts of Mahayana Buddhism, in which almost
all its principles tenents are presented including the Teaching of Zen (London: G.
Routledge, 1972). and Bhikkhu Buddhadasa: Toward the truth: Hinayana
Buddhism... (Philadelphia: Westminister Press, 1971).
YV1
.Ja^j J^ jl :L^ ^tjjjl U! ;Ji.'^l ^^,>^1 JiJ^\ ^
JaJ^" U^L) 4,w.,<a>wi. iJL^ OIJJl Jlj^ Aj^^>c-,^1 iJsUI (Jjii\ dl
(.L.-3- j^ ti«U- ia-Maj ji-'JIj A^>>«^>^«Jli .^J>LJi^l isLiJ JSo ,_yaijj UjIj
:ik-l_^ ^i- *y A^Ls^'i] ol^U .VL-:^*^! 5-^^l ^ ^^^^ ^j
L4-->--Jj t((U-!5^)) is>c,j»-^l ,_y2U-j d\jii\j .(V-^* L^jUJl jP) JaJI
4^)) .jJUs- j^ jJL-J*yi i_^jJI ^ U j*p*y SjLio .,((5jLi>j)) J-srU*yi
..((j-iJI ^jU; *y)) adiLitf'^/ ^j^j iis.lJLp-1 (4-^)) tsdL-ii s-^*^' ^ -^j^
jjl** (^^Ul Up) ^j.-^ j^ Oir ciUJJj .^^Sijl^Ji ^Aisll *y ^jS!t\ ^J^\
^ .^-.-^1 ^\^^ ^\^ J-^' - u^j^j i^-'^^Uj if\i\j>^\ jr
John: 18: 36 i^y. ^[t >l (M)
ijj^ ^Ol^Uil SjT l^lj laU«rj U^-jj j« l«-i lai«-^ Vfj* Cu.^t j^lj)> (\Y)
.('\\)
;.^l i^\Ji\
^p^Up ^ UjjI J-.jl^ -u^j cJb-lj <^ij^ y.,-*:^ ^_5ip ^'jL-'Vl J-..^
IjIj->j:^I ^'jL-'VI j-::pI OIj^SU ((J>i^)) 04^u<aj' (^J -^l-Sj^ ji«^ 9^?^
/^"^^V*^! *il^ ((vji* v^* tJl :J^ ^-^ 'l-J^ V^ i/h ijl ((Jk'^))
J-.j>i^ j^( _ (((^jLJi L-j^)) C-JWJj ((^iJjLlJI OliMt ^;;^ JsLjI)) L^l:;S' ^^j
^ (5^Vlj) iiJliJI iU_^l ^IvliJl iU^I ^ J^l j,> J>, Jlp
a:u; ^ ^1 . ^iJliJI iU_^li ,^' ^j .<^^l ^,..:^ ^jj\ J^l J^l^
ij>,-*^l sjLw- Ail:*- |_^ JUj>i^ (JlL tiijjl aJLjjj t2L.lp ^"\{4liJlp-)) a-Li^
DjIjdU ^jiiJl iiaiJI ^J (JlL Ail ,_5;Jc<H .(J:^JL>JI j_j;UJUJI ^.^«jl AjI_Oj
<^-^
,liJI
George W.F. Hegel: Early Theological Writings, trans.. «J-Jr---»» :j-li-ii (U)
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1971).
Oswald Spengler: The Decline of the West, trans... (New York: «>>*~i.» :>ji (M)
A.A. Knopf, 1926).
.(^jiJ\) «4JLJp» ^2^ (jUii.1 «iuJiP8 (•)
Mercea Eliade: Patterns in Comparative Religion, trans.... «iji[^\ W->;» :^l (T • )
(New York: Sheed & Ward, 1958).
^*>L-'>U «Ja^jJl» uiij-JI ^1 U^jL^l W^ ^^5*^ u IJ^ ;^j j^ *^^
jJiU««_Jlj ^*\(jj\i^^l)) oJL* LjjV ^^1 Jj^-'S ?B~-^I t-uj^j JiJ
oJuJi t5^1 5^ J^ (/ iy» OlS' -u^j (-tUiJ) ((fl_^ jlpd Ji c_jfcii 01^
jj L«l .'Lji 5^,X4j \j^ ax> jJ (l)l5'j c ^LLi>- li^J-,Ai« lSs-i»;i« UjL^
y ^j ciJl^ /''>o^l y Oj^j c-U^I ((O-j 4JP aUI ^)
.<^^>((Ajir ^LJ::^N'^ (y'^'Vi cikJi j-u^j 5ii-x.» cjir ciC
Ai^j c((LL;;3-» j^iJ a* J Ail _^ c((jUJI» ^ iyu Ot JU>«J Jj V DlS'
^^I>JI ^UJI 0- ^Iji-Vl ^- li^j .^-^Vl Jly^O, ^>j «jUJl» ^ .Ip
^c^lj ^IjJl |JIp J-i- Oi jj-JI 01 ,y~ l-Uj .A]ji ^c^l (^^ jjjai. i>-lj
.(l^>uJl) .iilSOl t5_^bj M^l
Stetano Bianco: Polyvalence and Flexibility in the Structure «j^Lrf yliju-j :^l (X V)
of Islamic City» Werk Switzerland, 9(1976).
Lj^tATj ..5jj^j '^.J^. j>^'^ Lj^A^I Ji-H i»-AiJl <_j:^Ij ,_^«iJLi .A^lj
AJ OjSs "V Oij c-U^ S-JWSJ AiLiaj OLjI OjOj ^*iL-'Vlj ,»^!5LJ1 JlL'V
j^ _ j^ ci;;»«s--<Jl 45^">l.j LJj'yi ((jsiJ)) ^r>*Upj ((DjistAil)) Jil
Ul .CjI' jik« J^IS' iS-^j^ fJ^ aSCL^ :A5-1j fr^_ji ^i U-<ijr _ \Ajky>r
.Jd^^l ^Ul jUi^l ^ UljjJlj OLJ^Iij 5UJI
DLJ^II JiP J\ ^}\i U._^j Xf aJUI ^ ii->^^'l 5^1 >« of (^)
J^UNl ,y AJ^II .iUl ^j aJUI Ol;i]l ,yj ((v*!)) -li^l 'J^^^l t5* -^^
j»^ ^y ij^UJl elft .(frldlj Ju^l J>i.i-o J'iU-) Oijiil ,yj cSi:*^^
ccJws 4ixbi«JI j^^l ^2r* *^'— ^ (Jl -^ '-'^ c..U;l A^jJ*>0 a-?*--^!
Aj y U jr ^jA c^*iL-Nl ^y ^^,5^ ^ j^\ lift Ji« .(...jjwjJiJIj
Henry de Lubac: The Drama of Atheist Humanism, trans.. «iJt^ t/i (^y*» :}^\ (t i)
(New York: New American Library, 1963) PP. 4-5, 21.
^ 0! **iij* *i^l ^jsj? Ji^i a^J^ui ^ ^jp ^ ^ir *u-vi fii ^j^ (t o)
((Aiil Nl 4 N))j (ijS\ Aiih) -.(.-^L-Nl ^y Oi^UNl ^.^Uk^NI 01 .U-i ijgi
cj^ c((viai A^)) c^jij .^•>L-Nl ^ l.,j^\ isy^\ ^\ ^^^ cJ^^I ^ L*^
.jJUil ^ ^ ^Nl j^Jl .^-^- ^>JI Si^oJI ;i*LJI ^ s^y U^l
tUpj ^j 0145CJI ^ 2iUJl ^Ipl)) :OL>i A-^l Jl «v-i»* -^» ^r>*-^.
^,) ^,..^^1 ur _ .iUJJj a^\ Jl V^lpjj T^^^'J ^^''^*-' ^'^*
^j ^^.p jr ^ iiUJi ^u^f ,*^ l> ((4ii Ni 4 N)) ^ir u ((via*
y^>((0icjr
.ULJl J-lSOl OLjNI Jiaj of 5>^ j?i5 01 dJLli5' V-*—" (l^^' ^
\j^\j c(oljNi . aJNI) ij^ ^^^ f^ ^ Oji^w^i 2^^^* r"' ^-J
^^_p u ,A^ c^^\ J ^^^\i oLj-i^ jJi\ jtJi (^) -u>^ j^f
oii c^L^ v-Jb /ni oir dJLiir .iX">u ipLkJi jJU aii cc^toi a>)
IjL. Sjj^ ^ ^ coV«lj oWj/ v«^l o^^'^ji ^i>' J^'^l
Le bon n.p.d sO^^D (T 1)
.OUxJLi] y^LiJI Sj^l ^ iA:.»i- i,>w~J> OL.15UJI ^ j^ (TV)
^_yi v^Uir"^! :i)la«Jl9 :^^i a^^j-xJI (.^Ulj (.%-"^Ib i^^Ij^T ^ %^^^ o^s >t (TA)
Sayyid Qutb: Islam and Universal Peace (Indianapolis: American Trust i(%'^\
Publications. 1977),
Sayyid Qutb: Social Justice in Islam, trans.. (New York: Octagon Books, 1970).
SL>JI ciJ-iU c^^ ciJjL. :> Ui_p^ Ijl/; i^ J^LiJi ,_,^_, ^^_
ci^a^S/l cib^JI cOU^I cOiJl cclyJl cS^I c(.^^l) ^,^1 ,^,^1
^/.i.^1 Ajf^J^UVl /i; Lazarus «ljUJl» ^^^ La_^|j objy Ob^i tSjUj LjU (,)
2^1 j-U ^ oL-UJI cJlTj .a;1^^ ^ 5^:,.^ ^-_^ ^ ^^1 ;i^f ^jy,
L^^ J^l JliJl J^ > >I :J,^| ^ ,^ j^i^vi u^:^ ^-_, ,^_,
i*yu
. U>- . ^^) ^.oji ,Up jr* :J^ .1^ ;jui a^i^v/l oJu «•!> c--J> a^. (r^)
Ernest Bloch: Natural Law and Human Dignity (Beograd. >Jl h4 ^Ltl l^jlT
n.p., n.d) P. 58. =
lp.[ c^UjNlj ^*^lj o-wiil ^1 i-^ t^jUxJl |».-wdl J^. .Lfris^
jr l^jl^ OjT^. Usji VljJuir ^Uil j^^. t.XP)) .((^1 (JIp)) J\
^_,>ji ^ cA>.-^i L.1 /^^\(^T ^ip ji o>^b ^tr LjaJU ^L^I
.;i.wJU ,^ ilU ^j .^pU^I ..J53| ..^Uil W jVi >-i^J -c;-^'
oNNi y..^t,i c(.%-Nl L.I .iii^l V vi^- L^Iil ^">^l ...^^iJI
N ^%-Nl 01 .oUJI ^j fUJl JiJI ^ j-^ ^Uil Jl ^o ciii*- AijJi
y^^J.\^,^ IjlJ 0*^1 *:iOj .Oii^UJl ^LU >lj jejli^^iJ
l^ji ijuJbr ^JL~ ^<-^ -c-ii j*j C(.-'*^L, J»j>i ^!>L-NI A:>J tUjjUj^.
Kennith Clark: Civilization: A Personal View (London: B.B.C. 1962).
YAr
(.oJl aJ»,Ijj 4,I>J1 (.^UMl uTj, cdUi ^ SUij /^"»>01S:. jr ^ owL^I
^ ^ UopL^- (.^L-MI j_^ ,^U ^1 ^j^i ^ ^1 j^
fUb ^ -AiJ^ oJU; |»^.jiJ cJlTj cij-^JIj J^LJiJb oiilu^ Ly
ij^j^ r^ u^ ^j -'"^.jc*^ viJ -^^^ ^.-^ cjir ur c^ujljij
A-«^l cJj>Jl ^- (J .Oj^l ^s^^ J^ Uj LjU.J 1^^ LjI ,Jaii L.J
M yi^ v^( .!^ ^ 5L>ji cjir Ljt^ cJi^i ^ jju, wj j_^. 01
uy^i (^'loJl ybJI c->^j .(H-'>^ (/ *^--«^j iji ViJ y>LJL* ^Jjj ^-
vi^. OI^JI ^j c((J>JI ^ j,U^l Uo- ur j^i :J^- 01 J^bSll
c^jl :SWU ^O^f <lLj9 (M -IV n Y) ^ J^l ^ .jj L, li* Djli .(^ .) 5,Vl
J-JJI ^ J*;r ^Ji\ *UI^ : JyJ c^l J4- (/i3l .^1 jl^l 4^
^ ^U)l jiSi jS:Jj ^UI ^ J^ jJJ *UI 01 W J^'J '*!^ '>^^
lii^l J->U ^UJIj ^-iJl >^- 4:^^! OLJ^^l Olj c^^^^UJL^) ^j^l
Oj3Uil JIp ^^Nl j/^j til^Jl sJufc ^ . J*iJlj ^b (/I tJaii J->jJ(j
Js> 0[;iJl OU j^. Ot (^) Ju.^ iUpl ciiJi ,j^ Jipj .(f-^UI Up)
/^^>U/:u^ Oir ^yJl ((Oi^^.^Jl)) oUUjykI ^1 o/;
Oyj/UI ort'ib DiyiJI ^ .1^ Uj aj>. ^Jj j-aS; M Ail c^^. ouT Ji>JI ^ jJj)l
.>IP 5j^ ^ (^ 1) i^l ^ vWlj 'Ul 5j^ ^ (> >) ^j A.'ill ^ JjSllj ^1 ^
Ij^Li S'jUJI c-Ja« lili)> :J>- ^i-^ a»^I 5j^ j^ (^ •) H'j ^■'^' '^-' j^b
^L ^ ^JJI f/-^! dbjj tjil Jk ^ oUi^l ^ ^ ^^^ ^J r*^ U^ (i • )
:>•! .jijUl j_^ dL-j ilSCj AilSC ^ UUJ jii U y.j ijbS^I ^^_^ fJLi*::-! ^ (n)
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Homberger- Erikson: Gandi's Truth on the Origin of Militant Nonvionlence
(New York: Norton,1969).
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Western Philosopy (London: n. p., 1946) P. 371.
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American Enterprise Institute of Public Research, 1972).
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fr(^jL« \ji^_ jj U ^JliJI Jjjiaj \jhJui Ol jt-fi^ ^U)l 01 ^Jl <_~»ij (/JJI
is^l 01 AOj\ij :>^'D^ «0JJ:H')J ((Jl^W))j ((jJJU-)) J is^y^^ jS^^
.v_jb$^l li* jj^ (U) Jsai JiJi .(jwL-JI jA ^J4J>J^ ^^1 «0_^B A^iJL-I (ti)
- Jean Fourasti: The Civilization of Tomorrow (Zagreb: n. p., n. d.) p. 47 - 48.
Maurice A. Finocchiaro: Galileo and the Art of Reasoning : Rhetorical
Foundations of Logic and Scientific Method (Dordrecht, Holand: Ridel
Publications, 1976).
- Blaise Pascal: Oeuvres Complete... (Paris: Hachette et Cie, 1965).
- Sir Isaac Newton, Works... Vol. 3: Remarks Upon a Discourse of Free
Thinking (New York: AMS Press, 1966).
- Claude Bernard: An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine,
trans... (New York: Dover, 1957).
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j.> ^ -u. jLji ^. ^ u c^u^ir Wi ^% .dji^\ Ji(j^^
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J_^ jjx ^1 ^^ ^^..^1 c^j) ^r-^l fUf Ujj^ J_^ jjo; j>jj\
c^!>L-->0 ^jNl Jj>JI J->U l^^\ ^>JLj viiUJt ,Jl~ liit fl-^^'t »i*
^^ cM>^ ^\ oiji^Ni ^i ^ li* JiTj .('^Ji j>; ^ i*-lip
^ oj_^ ^ ^ c5^ of ^. .^!>L-l oU-l ^ ^.OJI OUi^l 01
jLjp ^ dJJJb ^Nl j:;^- oij .(-UP 4i»l ^j) vUa^l O^ j^ J^^ '^^>^^^
Nl a^L^I ^ ^jlxJI J-^»i;J ^j .(A . A - VAn) A^i.^! OjjU UiiJi
^j .i\jJu ^ «vUaJl» i-jjUl CJtJijt UJLtf- dJJij tjj> A^ dUi ^
.4jli «tJaiJ( ijJW oOs-jJl* IV J^ ^'^ V-b-^l ^1^1 O^^-JL^I Jii tdUi
Llewelyn Powys: Omar Kayyam: Rats in the Sacristy (Freeport, ijiji J:kjt -J^^ C^)
N. Y: Books for Libraries press, 1967) P. 125.
yLlju.1 JU. Uyl JUJ-J Jacque Risler: la Civilization Arab... P. 128. l>-ji >i (tV)
Stifano Bianko: The Polyvalence and Flexibility in the Structure of the «j^W<
Islamic City, (in Werk, Switzerland, Sept., 1976).
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inv-Wl v^JI LjkO^l :D!iUlS^ D"^Ip L«-^ f^L-^^l ^ sUJl /^^>iLL.
DliA .(olJLU ^'\Ai\ jkjl jl) ^!A^^1 JU53I ^yliJlj cS_^lj SiU^l ^
Andre Gide: Fruits of the Earth, trans.. (London: Seeker and «-^:>- tijJJb :^i (iX)
Warburg, 1962).
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j^ (^ o Y) iVlj cSoJUl ij^ 0^ (i °j A) ObVl :l^ 5^ ^Sj^\ oU :UiI >;Ij
Aristotle: Politics, trans... (Cambridge, Mas: s^^Ml ^^yDj ijk^Jh :^'f (M)
Harvard University Press, 1959).
Thomas Aquinas: Summa Theologia (London: Blackfairs, 1964).
Karen Horney: New Ways in Psychanalysis (New York: W. «ijjjt. OjITd :^l (iV)
Norton, 1939).
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^ 0^>:~ N ^1 .Lli L^l Oj^^.j i-iljJl 5UJ1 ^ 0/jLi, c^U«Jl
Ralph Waldo Emerson: Conduct of Life, Nature and sO^yl jJJIj Jb» :>^' (i ^)
Other Essays (New York: dutton, 1915).
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N v«»l_^l SUJI J ^j ; J!>UNL l^ iU N . fx^l J:^ ^ _ s>ill
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ii^lj 5ljL^I jl^f c^l ^ ?;L> Ujjj ^.aJIj i.^1 l^:i,^-
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Rousseau: Emile... «Js*li> *jI^ ^ «y-jj» ^j^' ("T)
Michel de Montaigne: The Education of Children, trans..., (New id^yi :>Jl (oY)
York: Appleton, 1899).
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j^. Dt ^u^. oi-^^ -cT^* ^^^' Jty^^ \S\j^\ ^j (((>^b^jji))
.^^\ ^j]l ^ oNl jl ^Ul ^j)l ^ W Ijil^ ^Ij- : J-J'
Henri Lefebvre (Paper read at the Geneva International Encounters).
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(/f ia>> jLx^l Ji^ 01 .5>w^ J. /U^li ^^ i^UJI iiJaJl a-;;«jj
Jellinek: Die Erklarung der Menschenrechte, 1904. ((iL-U-B :>Jl (^)
Ernest Block: Natural Law and Human Dignity (Beograd: iljL c— Jj :>jf (Y)
n.p., 1977).
iiWi ojIjI ^ ^- ^1 dPi_^i ;p_^,^ y» j_^u)i :j_^- o_^u)i UijUj t^^i (r)
Vishinsky: The :>Jl .i^UJI iiJaJl *>A.^j SjIjI ^ ffl_^ v^Uj:=^'VI eJ_j>JI_j
- U-yc)! lift L_^Uj Main Tasks of the Science of Soviet Socialistic Law, 1938.
VY.
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^jui ^ jLwJi ..i^jii J.JUI jLwJi ^ oir ^il c^-^lj '0^-UJI i^
Vishinsky: The Law of the Soviet State, trans... (New York: %^_^-~.^^ii :J^\ (i)
Macmillan Co., 1948). See also Karl Marx's position on the subject
Jl^j l»jkj li^ tOyUII j_jIp ^jii ^ «^.j>.^l d\l) (Introduction, ibid., p.37:
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St. Thomas Aquinas: Basic Writings ...«Summa a^.j^Vl ,_;-L.y)) :^l
Theologia... (New York: Randon House, 1945).
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[OjU.^1] .,.^1 01)) : J>. Alfred Kramer ((^«^./ ajyijf)) ^ .(%J^
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Barth's :>! 'y^L-j^l J>U)I ^>> Oi^b^l ^'t'' i-b^ .^ e^j^J -V^^l l-ij' j^'l^
Die Stoa, P. 120 FF.
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(/I cJUipNi jTi^j iiJuidi oikLjij ^_^i ;ja^i_^ s^LJi ouru^i
<i>»^ t/-^ eil^l vj tiJjjU 4jjLJI 5^1 Ojljj of Ajli j^ j»5'U^lj
"^ r^' a'J ^.J^jj> ^y^ ^ji V ...» :%'U ^ Mi iuJl^l j:^! vi.-^^-^ S^r
Eugene Pashokanis: AUegemeine ii^\^yi.L j^sryj }^\ .dii'ljii.^AJ O^U o^ji
Rechtslebre und Marxismus, 1929, P. 33.
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Rudolf Sohm: The Law of the Church...
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Van Der Made: «Contribution a I'Etude de I'Histoire de la ((jU ji OUn ^1 (U)
Defence Sociale», Revue de Criminologie et de Droit Penal, 1949 - 50. P. 944.
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Semaine international de droit musulman (Paris: n. p., 1951).,
L. Milliot: Introduction a I'Etude de Droit musulman (Paris, n. p., 1953).
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George Burman: Fredrich Nietzche (New York: Macmillan Co., «0U^ ^J^*""
1931) p. 214.
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Okonomie.. .(Preface).
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Paul Barth: History of Philosophy from Hegel and His dv^jL. J_^» :>! (V)
Followers to Marx and Hartman.
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Engels: The Origin of Family, Private Property and State. «>!-il» >il (^ 'T)
i^jO^)) i!>;j Trotsky d^ji^jj^j Wilhelm Reich ((^.j ^j))
oU^UJI c^- gu^i;i 01 Jl ((j^> o^y.» .^Jbj .((Oj>5ol>
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.o^\^\ ^ jA UWU L._^ 4^1^ lisikj
(^J^UI vl>^*^t er^" - *^*^^' ^5* - ^^J^^ «-i* .L-S^ >:.-^l O^.
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Tolstoy: The Road to Life., i^^y^ i^Jiil (\ 1)
,4j!AvJj OLj'yi t>waj IpLjaJl
Jjl,!^. ofj caJ^ jl^l ^1 jfj^\ ^s^?^. 01 Oi^ (/III ^.a!I 01
^ ^j .^1 ^ j^ ^ . li* ^ Js> - ^^^\ cf.^\3 .^^.
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(^iUI ^UJL :ULcuJI j_^^l ,y A^UJ oTl oJ ^yLj*:^! ^iriH Oir (iU
t3^l iTLi Ioj a.^ ftiriH li* Ol» c(U*>j viJOiJIj ^^1 ^ (^ US')
Jl>^ ^ V^b UJL>JI a>^L. jj*il ^o^^i^l L.JU«i JL^I JU^ (^
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j^- ,y JJLiJl ^ l^^\j ili.1 ^ olJ^- A-^.j^b '^-^^ ^-^^*
Jlp frUaiJl otj a(4^UJI U^l 5iljl» y^ OyUil otj c((vj*uiJl OjJl jjjJI))
^ ((a;_^))_j ((cJlT)) Olj c((j^U^t;i j^l A^-U»^ ^5*0 OlS' 0^1 ^UaJ
B.F. Skinner: Beyond Freedom and Dignity (New York: Knopf, 1971).
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Otj i\^\j^ ^i ii^i^JI ^ ^ oLj'yi 01 Ji L^^^l j»ip ^ij
Lucien Goldman in (Art) Writing about existentialism. «OL.J^ OU^s :^i (U)
V. Jerotic: Sickness and Creation (Belegrade: n. p., 1976). <ij^jji>r .<J» :>jl (> ^)
.(^^1) .S^UJb oU-~wiJl ^ ^ ^>:-^La! -dUj Ju,
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: jL-^U. Oli^^ii^ L-^tr (JUJI ^.jU 4;>j jU^I ^y o>~-^»^«-iJl «>»w^))
AJjJI ((^._^)) ^.Oill jja^ oil .^jjjNl Ji*Jl ^ il>Jl JbJli- ^j
Lj;_^ AJjJl o^ U^ cLjjjl ^ .Vii 5_pwi. Ni ^L«^l jt ^L-
^JJj' (/J -^J-^l LS^ W^^^^ ^^^->> ^.1-^ tl^j* ^jl j^ CJlT L.a:;p Ojy
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^ Oil .id* ^ Li, ^"^L-Nl c-.^>u; (Jj cw;$Ol iu-jA Nj J^JUlJl ^l>^
Spengler: The Decline of the West, trans.. (New York: knopf, «>-.-^» :>ii (Y)
1926) pp. 211-213.
'^J^' ,/ 5y.i>JI VjL^J ^■XjS'b v^"^! iJj^l ij^j 1^1 U* J>JI j~io (•)
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^ J>yA^ ^\ ((0^)) e>:pl L$^l t«W^ 0^1)) c/»^*^* L?^J Oy-^-^J'
Bertrand Russell: History of the Western Philosophy... PP. «J-j -^l^ji* :>^' (^)
452-453.
2^ ^^1 ^ -jA Ail» «D/ri y^JJ» cr^ J»i v^ «OJl^ Jj\^» i<.l^ 5jW^ -iil^J
Karl Prant: Geschichte der «cJl^ JjlS's :>l .s-sJl o-J ^r^' V>«WI C-J^' ^'^
Logic, III.. (Leipzig: n.p, 1972), P.121.
rvr
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^> (/L ^0. of ^ ^j^j J^_^| J_^ ^i^ i^u U^ c?>i^>l >pi U*^l
•C^^") cr* 'J<l~J' j-^-^l '«J-j OJly^s :^I «^gi
John Locke: Essay on Human Understanding, Book II, Chapter 28.
r/£
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oWW^"^! 2^' i^Jii ^i-^ -^ l-i^j •i^-'J' ^LJI «jj^ i^yJl Lf-ii
/^>«.LJi, ,^i. j_^ ^^1 Jl ii;;ij JiJI ^ j^ oi^J 'Vi-^l
«Our Knowledge of God's Existance»: Ol>* O^' ^jjljJI ^r"^' '*— »' j-WiJI (1)
John Locke: De Give, Chapter IV. i^} 0>>-» >;i (V)
Frederich Jodie: The History of Ethics, P. 145. « Jjji >iJijV» jJi'l (A)
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Ajiji^^u js^i^ j^\ ^L^ ^ i^uij ((i^i^yi s^ij^yi)) ^ ((^L,) s/i
/'>^>3l 0I>J1 ^ S^ oLl u/ju ^U ^^L-l ^^ _^_, .^^1 ^
c((-k^jji j.>ii)) ^u^f c(^>i>^*yi ^1 jw-j ^ ^_^( oi* ^
C^l» eJJt JiJ .Adam Smith ((d-;-^ c^l)) y* Ljj*Lw.l *^f ^ ^\ jb^jj
.D_^^saJI kl.^ j^ j^UlSoi U^j (/yfcU!. ^b" L-g^ jijl::^ ((>I.^«.>.,
Theory of Moral i^'%i>i\ y>Ll.Jl ijij)) y, ^\=^\ ^JU jb-1
An Inquiry ((^*Vl Sjy' ^L^lj ^Js ^ d->^)) ^ ^liJIj cSentiments
i^\£^\ j^_j cinto the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
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Pali: Natural Theology.. «gJL,li :>;! ('\)
01 .(/ill ^U; ^ ^/ >JI j^ ^ ^- ilS:^! o^j) c^^U^II ^j
^ cyjU^. j^jjJS"^! VUiJj Vi^l i-^^>-U «fjs*))j ((^1---' f^>» ^^^-i*
^ Herbert Spencer ((^-uw, o^y.)) <J^ d\ J-^^ Ol jSC^I ^j
\^ Oi. oJ>. (5>l^^l c3'^^> r^ -^ ''y-^ ^^*^^' i.-jAjlj
1>^I ^ ^ ((oJuJb^Jl AJliJI)) ^^^^. oUol Jl lp>i\ J.\^ Si^J
Martin ((^^-j^'' J^' J) j^ ^^^ ^^' <>* ^Z^* ^-*-^' ^"^
;ULiJI o>-J J«i i/ ((»J^>J Green ((ji^^Sj Bradley ((^:>U''J
V-U3I SL^I js^ ^^\ J^. '^'^ Wai ^\ 01 ^. l--i iji
ji ^^U- (/JiJ^l V>^'^ y^J Grossman ((OU^j^^')) oLbT ^ i!jJ>.J^II
:J_^. t'ujlj Oj^. 01 Jb *^ i!>l>-i*^t V-W-JI
^t ^ JLp^/I J^^j ^UI tiOuJl i!>; c-.U^I «l>cJl ^^ ^»
iUi^i aiji ^ o-i^. oir sj^ .^.jji ^ ^U ^ ^L- t^j_^i
v'l>^^/b ijJ^^/l J^^\ U^S ^U ^JU|_, .^yb!>Ul J^\ J\ UjI^
J^b ^ «Ojjli» vl=S' UJlj «^jU»J «JUI J\ji> vl^ o^. (J
ui-^^ ^ u^S/i ^ ^ii)i eji^i ^ i^uji ol Swi bj*i «o>u-i-5W»
^\ ^ Jl oUi^/l S^ :u^ \Sj bi ^ ^bji 0^1 l>^j| ^ ^b
^ ti^V) oir^l ^ olyt^j t{.U)l j^JUiil jLiUtj tj^l ^ JU1.NI
'^\}^.^\\ Ol» :SUU A^liT ^ ^l ^_^ ^ ((OU^j/» ^^.^^.j
C-r dOJDj . vi-^l i^l J;^l ^ judb UJj UsLJjI ;aa-.> oJlT ^Ua^^l
Grossman: The Government and Governed (New York: Pice sjU-j/s >;! (^ .)
Press, 1969), pp. 155 - 158.
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Willian James: Pragmatism (Cambridge: Harvard University «,j~..^ pJjB :>;! (U)
Press, 1978) P. 16.
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Dragosh Kalaich «Actuality of Islam», ij^::^ J-yrb^i >"' «L5>U-i)'l JiJI
Delo, Belgrade, No.7, 1978, P. 62.
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a la Politique (Paris: Gallimard, 1970), p.367.
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Karl Jaspers: An Introduction to Philosophy, Vol. 2. dJ^r-U- Jjir» :^i (^)
(Chicago: The University of Chicago, 1970).
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