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(6) The Dead Sea Scrolls, ed. 1996, by Michael Wise, Martin, Abegg, J R. 
& Edward Cook. 

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(8) Eisenman, in James the brother of Jesus, p. 24, 210. 

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Josephus, Great Jewish Revolt: Siege And Destruction Of Jerusalem ( 70 AD). 



(11) The Hiram Key by Christopher Knight & Robert Lomas, 1997, 
P-35. 

(12) Above reference , p. 83-84. 

(13) Above reference , p . 8 5 . 

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(15) Josephus, Antiquities of Jews, bookl8. 

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.^jAliall ^ ja. clH -^ L« J^ 

• The Apocrypha, translated by Edgar J Goodspeed, 1959, 

• Jerusalem by Karen Armstrong, 

• Antiquities of Jews, by Josephus. 

• Great Jewish Revolt: Siege And Destruction Of Jerusalem ( 70 
AD), by Josephus. 

• History of the World by J.M. Robert. 

• The timetables of History, 3 rd Ed. By Bernard Grun. 

• A short history of Western Civilization by John B. Harrison, et 
al 

• The Dead Sea scrolls translated, 2nd edition, by Wilfred 
Watson. 



• The Dead Sea Scrolls translated, by Florentino Gaarcia, 2 n ed. 

• The Dead Sea Scrolls, by G. Vermes. 

• The complete World of The Dead Sea Scrolls, by Phillip R. 
Davies et al, 2002. 

• The Dead Sea Scrolls, ed. 1996, by Michael Wise, Martin, 
Abegg, J R. & Edward Cook. 

• A Test of Time: The Bible - from myth to history, ed. 1995, 
by David Rohl. 

• Life in Biblical Israel, by Philip J. King and Lawrence E. 
Stager, 2001. 

• Jewish Writings of the Second Temple Period, by Michael E. 
Stone, 1984. 

• Wycliffe Bible Dictionary, Michael Wise, Martin Abedge& 
Edward Cook. 

• The Oxford Dictionary of World Religions, by John Bowker, 
1997. 

• The Other Bible, by Willis Barnstone, 1 984 .