UC-NRLF
OF THE
UNIVERSITY
OF
EARTH
SCIENCE*
LIBRARY
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS,
252
TEE
MOLLUSKS
OF
WESTERN NORTH AMERICA.
EARTH
BY
PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., PH.D.
EMBRACING THE SECOND REPORT MADE TO THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION
ON THIS SUBJECT, WITH OTHER PAPERS ; REPRINTED BY
PERMISSION, WITH A GENERAL INDEX.
WASHINGTON:
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
DECEMBER, 1872.
SgSssw OF cALim
fitLf!
DWTni nriV
JAN 24 1952
'• I-
SCIENCES
U&RAKf
ADVERTISEMENT
THE opportunity afforded by Mr. Carpenter's visit in 1859-60
to the United States, was embraced to secure his services in
naming and arranging the shells collected by the United States
Exploring Expedition and other parties on the Pacific Coast of
North America. Mr. Carpenter, having previously presented to
the British Association a report on the state of knowledge in
regard to the mollusks of the west coast of North America,
embodied the additional information which he obtained, chiefly
through the Smithsonian Institution, in a second report to the
same Association ; and now, in order to facilitate the study of
this class of animals by the American student, this work is re-
published with supplementary papers, from stereotype copies of
the original pages.
JOSEPH HENRY,
Secretary S. I.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
WASHINGTON, November, 1872.
PHILADELPHIA:
COLLINS, PRINTER
QU4/7
C afr"
UBWW~
EARTH
SCIENCES
LIBRARY
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Advertisement ...
Introduction ....
LIST OF PAPERS REPRINTED IN THIS VOLUME
" " NOT REPRINTED I2f THIS VOLUME
ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF SPECIES
PAGE
ii
13
INTRODUCTION.
AFTER the publication of my first "Report on the present state
of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the West Coast
of North America," undertaken at the request of the British
Association for the Advancement of Science, and printed in their
Report for 1856, I visited America in order to arrange the first
duplicate series of the great Reigeu Collection of Mazatlan Shells
which I had presented to the New York State Museum at
Albany. It was one of the special objects of my visit to ex-
amine the types of previously described species in the United
States, that I might compare them with those known in England.
Having visited Washington to examine the types of the United
States Exploring Expedition (Wilkes'), I was requested to spend
the winter of 1859-60 in unpacking and arranging the shells
belonging to the National Museum under its charge; and after
my return to England I received from time to time the various
collections sent to the Institution from the West Coast as they
arrived ; all of these were duly compared with the types in the
Cumingiaii and other British collections.
Being thus in a position to correct a large number of unavoid-
able errors in my first Report,- and to add a great deal of fresh
information from American sources (chiefly obtained through the
Smithsonian Institution), I was requested by the British Asso-
ciation to embody the material in a " Supplementary Report" on
the same subject as the first. Knowing how difficult it is for
American students to obtain access to serial publications, I ob-
tained permission, in behalf of the Institution, to stereotype this
second report, and the papers connected with it, which appeared
in the "Proceedings of the Zoological Society," the "Annals and
Magazine of Natural History," and the "Journal de Conchy-
liologie."
(O
VI INTRODUCTION.
The present volume consists, therefore, of a reprint from these
stereotype plates, with the original paging at the top, and the
Smithsonian paging at the bottom ; and of a general index of
species.
The index was prepared (at the expense of the Smithsonian
Institution) by Mr. E. Taylor, Student at McGill College. It
includes not only the present volume but all my previous English
publications on the subject, of which the principal are the First
British Association Report and the British Museum Mazatlan
Catalogue. All references to these works not reprinted have
the page-number prefixed by a Roman Capital (0 to X), by
which they can be at once distinguished from the simple num-
bers which refer to the foot-page in this volume. Students who
want an index to the First Report will fix the eye on the initial
O ; to the Mazatlan Catalogue on P.
In an accompanying list will be found an enumeration of all
my papers published in European journals relative to American
conchology, and for the most part reprinted in the present col-
lection. In this, however, is not included any of the contribu-
tions to American serials, as the Journal of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the Proceedings of the Cali-
fornia Academy, or the American Journal of Conchology.
My principal object in the preparation of these works has been
to make out and compare the writings of previous naturalists, so
that it might be possible for succeeding students to begin where
I left off, without being obliged to waste so large an amount of
time as I have been compelled to do in analyzing the (often inac-
curate) work of their predecessors.
As the work of previous writers, whether satisfactory or other-
wise, is duly tabulated in my Reports, so that others may judge
of its value as well as I, it is not fair (as is often done) to quote
from these Reports as on my authority. I was simply the his-
torian, not the original writer. In the First Report I was a
novice in the scientific world, and rarely ventured on criticisms ;
in the second, I allowed myself with more confidence to state
my own conclusions, because I found that others had not enjoyed
the remarkable facilities of comparing types which fell to my lot,
and which fin many instances) cannot be renewed. Since that
time, Nuttall, Gould, Rich, Judge Cooper, and especially Hugh
Cuming, have been called to another world ; their collections
INTRODUCTION. Vli
have changed hands, and fresh causes of error have crept in. The
present condition of the Cumingian Collection has been faithfully
described by Dr. Gray in the Proceedings of the Zoological So-
ciety ; and those who will take the trouble to compare his review
of the Calyptrdeidae, after the destruction of original labels conse-
quent on Reeve's Monograph, with that which I gave in the
Mazatlan Catalogue, while these labels were still fixed to the
shells, will appreciate the advantages which I formerly enjoyed.
Readers who may discover any unconnected errors in this
volume, or in any of my other works, are urgently requested
to apprise me of them (Box 193J P. 0., Montreal, C. E.), in
order that they may be corrected in the Report of the Mollusca
which Prof. Whitney has requested me to prepare for the Cali-
fornia Geological Survey.
PHILIP P. CARPENTER.
MONTREAL, July 17, 1872.
LIST OF PAPERS
Otf
AMERICAN MOLLTJSOA
PUBLISHED IN EUROPEAN WORKS BY
P. P. CARPENTER.
REPRINTED.
A.
Supplementary Report on the Present State of our Knowledge
with Regard to the Mollusca of the West Coast of North
America. Page I.1
From the Report of the British Association for the Advancement of
Science, for 1863, pp. 517—686. Published in August, 1864.
Extra copies, with title-page, dated 1864.
B.
Review of Prof. C. B. Adams' "Catalogue of the Shells of Pan-
ama," from the Type Specimens. Page 173.
From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, June 23,
1863, pp. 339—369,
C.
Diagnoses of New Forms of Moll asks collected at Cape St. Lucas,
Lower California. By Mr. J. Xantus. Page 207.
From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series,
Vol. XIII., pp. 311—315, April, 1864. Ibid. (Nos. 15—36) pp.
474—479, June, 1864. Ibid. Vol. XIV. (Nos. 37—52), pp. 45—
49, July, 1864.
D.
Contributions towards a Monograph of the Pandoridse. Page 223.
From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 596 —
603, November 22, 1864.
1 The references are to the bottom paging.
(ix)
X LIST OF PAPERS.
E.
Diagnoses of New Forms of Mollusca from the Vancouver
trict. Page 233.
From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series,
Vol. XIV. (Nos. 5—37), pp. 423—429, December, 1864. Ibid.
Vol. XV. (Nos. 37—56), pp. 28—32, January, 1865.
F.
Diagnoses of New Forms of Mollusca from the Vancouver Dis-
trict. Page 247.
From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 201 —
204, February 14, 1865.
G
Diagnoses of New Species and a New Genus of Mollusks, from
the Reigen Mazatlan Collection ; with an Account of Addi-
tional Specimens presented to the British Museum. Page 253.
From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp.
268—273, March 14, 1865.
H.
Descriptions of New Species and Varieties of Chitonidae and
Acmaeidse, from the Panama Collection of the late Prof. C. B.
Adams. Page 263.
From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp.
274—277, March 14, 1865
I.
Diagnoses of New Species of Mollusks, from the West Tropical
Region of North America, principally collected by the Rev. J.
Rowell, of San Francisco. Page 269.
From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp.
278—282, March 14, 1865.
K.
Diagnoses of New Forms of Mollnsca, from the West coast of
North America, first collected by Col. E. Jewett. Page 27 7.
From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series,
Vol. XV., pp. 177—182 (Nos. 373—386), March, 1865. Ibid,
pp. 394—399 (Mangelia variegata to end), May, 1865.
LIST OP PAPERS. Xi
L.
Diagnoses of New Forms of Mollusca, collected by Col. E. Jewett,
on the West Tropical shores of North America. Page 291.
From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series
Vol. XV., pp. 399—400, May, 1865.
M.
Diagnoses des Mollusques nouveaux provenant de Californie et
faisant partie du Musee de PInstitution Smithsonienne. Page
297.
From the Journal de Conchyliologie, Vol. XII. (Third Series, Vol.
V.) pp. 129—149, April, 1865.
N.
On the Pleistocene Fossils collected by Col. E. Jewett, at Santa
Barbara, California; with Descriptions of New Species. Page
319.
From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Third Series,
Vol. XVII., pp. 274—278, April, 1866.
NOT REPRINTED.
o.
Report on the Present State of our Knowledge with Regard to
the Mollusca of the West Coast of North America.
From the Report of the British Association for the Advancement of
Science, for 1856, pp. 159— 3C8. Published in 1857. Extra copies
with title-page, list of plates with references to figures (4 pages),
dated 1857. Not reprinted, but referred to under "0" in the
general index.
P.
Catalogue of the Reigen Collection of Mazatlan Mollusca in the
British Museum.
Each sheet dated: July, 1855 — June, 1857. The Bryozoa, by G.
Busk, Esq. Printed by order of the Trustees at the Oberlin
Press, Warrington. 552 pp. First Edition, with Preface as
arranged by Dr. J. E. Gray, on sale at the British Museum, price
8s. Second Edition, with Author's Preface, accompanying dupli-
cate collections of the shells, published simultaneously.
Xll LIST OF PAPERS.
NOT REPRINTED (continued}.
Q.
Descriptions of (supposed) New Species and Varieties of Shells,
from the Californian and West Mexican Coasts, principally in
the Collection of H. Cuming, Esq.
Proceedings Zoological Society, Part xxiii, 1855, pp. 228—235.
ft.
Notes on the Species of Hipponyx inhabiting the American
Coasts, with Descriptions of New Species.
Ditto, Part xxiv, 1856, pp. 3—5.
s.
Description of New Species of Shells collected by Mr. T.
Bridges in the Bay of Panama and its vicinity, in the Collec-
tion of Hugli Cuming, Esq.
Ditto, pp. 159—166.
T.
Description of New Species and Varieties of Calyptr aides, Tro-
chidce and Pyramidellidce, principally in the Collection of Hugh
Cuming, Esq. [From American and other seas.]
Ditto, pp. 166—171.
u.
Descriptions of Shells from the Gulf of California, and the Pa-
cific Coasts of Mexico and California. Part II. By A. A.
Gould, M.D., and Philip P. Carpenter.
Ditto, pp. 198—208.
V.
Monograph of the Shells collected by T. Nuttall, Esq., on the
Californian Coast, in the years 1834-5.
Ditto, pp. 209—229.
w.
First Steps towards a Monograph of the Recent Species of Petalo-
conchus, a genus of Vermetidce.
Ditto, pp. 313—317. (With wood-cuts.)
X.
First Steps towards a Monograph of the C&cidce, a Family of the
Rostriferous Gasteropoda." [Chiefly from the American seas.]
Ditto, Part xxvi, 1858, pp. 413—444.
A.
SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT
PRESENT STATE OF OUR KNOWLEDGE
WITH REGARD TO
THE MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
BY
PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., PH.D.
From the Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science,
for 1863, pp. 517—686. Published in August, 1864. Extra copies, with
title-page, dated 1864.
(i)
Supplementary Report on the Present State of our Knowledge with
regard to the Mollusca of the West Coast of North America. By
PHILIP P. CAEPENTEE, B.A., Ph.D*
THE object of the present Report is (1) to correct the errors which have been
observed in the first Report ("Report &c." 1856, pp. 159-368) ; and (2) to
point out the fresh sources of information which have been rendered avail-
able since that period. For convenience of comparison, the paragraph num-
bers refer to those of the first Report in the corrections, and are continued
from them in the addenda. In the bibliographical portion, the criticisms by
the writer of this Report are inserted in [ ] ; a distinction not always attended
to in the former volume, in consequence of which erroneous names and local-
ities have been attributed to the reviewer, instead of to the authors quoted.
. 22. Introduction. — (Line 4 from bottom.) The river Willamette flows
northwards (Gld.).
23. Early Writers. — The only Californian shell described by Linnaeus is
Turbo sanguineuS)=T. coccineus, Desh. ; v. Hani. Ips. Linn. Conch, p. 334.
The types are too much worn to decide whether they came from the North
Pacific or (as is more probable) from the Mediterranean. In Gmelin's edition
of Linnaeus, Lipsise, 1788-1790, — which is, in great measure, a translation
from a German work published a few years in advance [teste Hanley], — the
following species are assigned to the " West Coast of America," probably on
the authority of Martyn : — page 3529, Murex foliatus : 3702, Patella pecten :
3712, Patella catyptra. The last two seem exotic.
Many West-coast species had found their way into English collections
during the last century, at a much earlier date than was expected at the time
of the first Report. They were mainly derived from the voyages of Capt.
Cook and other circumnavigators. Capt. Cook was accompanied by Solander,
as naturalist, at the instance of Sir Joseph Banks. His shells passed into
the hands of Mr. Humphrey, the dealer, at whose death the remainder, a
thousand boxes, became the property of the elder Sowerby, and (in part) of
Mawe [teste Hanley]. They took their chance of being figured or described
by the early conchologists. The localities are (as might be expected) often
interchanged, but have been quoted by later authors, who have not thought
fit to avail themselves of more correct sources of information.
The first accurate delineations are by Thomas Martyn, in his ' Universal
Conchologist/ London, 1784. Those who only know this book from Chenu's
reprint, Paris, 1845, can form but a poor idea of the exquisite beauty of the
original work. Of this, very few copies are accessible ; but it may be consulted
at the British Museum, the Royal Society, and the Royal College of Surgeons.
No. Plate. Fig.
16 5 3. Patella tramoserica, Mart. N. W. C. America, very rare. [N. Zealand.]
18 6 1. Patella calyptra, Mart. N.W. Coast of America, very rare. [Not
identified : resembles Crep. adunca, without deck. Hani, con-
siders it a Hipponyx, like austraUsA
31 8 4. Trochus invequalis, Mart. Friendly Isles, common. [Does not
closely resemble the Japan and Vancouver species,=Pachypoma
ffibberosum, Chemn.]
32 10 1. Trochus canaliculatus, Mart. N. Zealand, rare.
33 10 2. Trochus annulatus, Mart. N. Zealand, very rare.
34 10 3. Trochus costatus, Mart. St. George's Sound, rare. [=Calliostoma
filosum, castaneum, ligatum. and modestum.]
* In consequence of the expected arrival of fresh materials, this report has been
corrected and continued up to the period of going to press.
Warrington Free Museum and Library, Aug. 1st, -1864.
3
.
518 REPORT— 1863.
No. Plate. Fig.
43 13,14 1. Buccinum liratum, Mart. St. George's Sound, most rare. [=-F. de-
cemcostutm (Say), Midd., =MidckndorJfii, Cooper.]
44 13 2. Buccinum plicatum, Mart. [nonLinn.] St. George's Sound, common.
[=crispatum, 4- compositurn, Chemn., =lactuca, £c., Esch.l
46 15 1. Buccinum lima, Mart. St. George's Sound, rare. [Probably P. decem-
costata, Midd. ; the variety with numerous ribs and flattened spire.]
47 15 2. Buccinum saturum, Mart. St. George's Sound, most rare. [Like
Chr. liratus, with keels evanescent.]
62 20 2. Haliotis pulcherrima, Mart. St. George's Sound, most rare. [Pacific
Is.]
66 24 1. Purpura foliata, Mart. North-west Coast of N. America, rare.
76 26 4. Trochus pulligo, Mart. Sfc. George's Sound, common.
80 28 2. Pectunculus corbis, Mart. Pulo-Condore, most rare. [=Cimft'«m JVwtf-
fo/&Y, Conr., teste Desh. Cum. The figure is not so accurate as most
of the others ; but the colouring is characteristic.]
153 53 1. Pecten ruUdus, Mart, [non Hds.] Newfoundland, rare. [=P. Islan~
dicus, Mull.]
Many of the figures of Martyn were reproduced by Chemnitz, in his com-
prehensive continuation of Martini's ' Conchylien Cabinet,' 1780-1705. Un-
happily, though often quoted for generic and specific names, he did not adopt
the binomial nomenclature (except in vol. xi.), but described each shell in
two or more words, as it happened. For this reason he appears to have had
no scruple in altering previous designations, as follows : —
1538, 1539. Murex Purpura alata, " Mart. Conch. Un. vol. ii. f. 66, Leaved Purpura
foliata from N.W. coast of America."
1634 . . Murex Glomus cereus, seu Cereus conglomcratus, " Mart. vol. ii. f. 43,
Ridged Buccinum liratum from King George's Sound."
Yign. 21, f. A, B. Buccinum compositum, " Mart. Un. Couch, vol. ii. f. 44 ; Plaited
Buccinum from King George's Sound."
Vign. 23, f. A, B. Trochus gibberosus Nov& Zelandics. "Forster's Cat. no. 1374; La
Raboteuse de la nouvelle Zelande. — Mart. Un. Conch, vol. i. f. 31 ;
Rugged Trochus inesqualis from Friendly Is."
1579, 1580. Trochus doliarius, " Mart. vol. i. f. 32, Fluted Trochus canaliculatus from
N. Zealand."
1581, 1582. Trochus virgineus, "Favanne, Conch, pi. 79. f. 1. vol. ii. p. 342 ; id. Cat.
Rais. no. 1352, p. 269; Le Sabot Magellanique. — Mart. Un. Conch,
vol. i. f. 33; Ringed Trochus annulatus from N. Zealand. — Cab. Mus.
Portl. no. 1240; the Purpled-edged Trochm; item, no. 1970, a large
and fine specimen of the Purple-edged Trochus from the N.W. coast
of America; rare." [= T. ccelatm, var. /3. Gmel., teste Dillw. vol. ii.
p. 800.]
1802,1803. Buccinum crispatum. "The furbelowed Whelk." [=j&. pticatum,
Mart., non Ln.]
1841, 1842. Murex amplustrf. N.W. coast of America. [This erroneous locality
is copied from the Portland Cat.. The species is quoted from Buc-
cinum (Latirus) aplustre, Mart., no. 3. pi. 1. f. 3, where it is rightly
assigned to the Friendly Is. =M. araus. var. y. Gniel., teste Dillw.
vol. ii. p. 735.]
The assignment of West American species to New Zealand, begun by
Martyn, has continued a source of error to the present time. It occurs in
Dr. Gould's 'Exploring Expedition Mollusca,' in the Cumingian Collection,
and in the British Museum.
In the l Travels in New Zealand,' by Ernest Dieffenbach, M.D.. London,
1843, vol. i. pp. 228-264, is given a " Catalogue of the Species of MolluBca
and their Shells, whi<-h have hi>horto been recorded as found at New Zealand,"
&c., by J. E. Gray. Ihe author -jjrwnisea that some oi' the species [marked *]
4
ON MOLLTT?CA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 519
assigned by the older writers may be found erroneously placed. The follow-
ing- are probably from the West coast of North America, with the synonymy
as understood by Dr. Gray : —
Page. No.
229 8. Murex foliatm, Gmel. 3329. = M. purpura data, Chemn. x. pi. 169. f. 1538-
9; Wood's Cat. f. 13. Purpura foliata, Mart. U. C. ii. 66.— Hub. N.
Zealand, Humphreys. King George's Sound, Martyn. ["=3f. triptervs,
Kien. : non M tripterus, Bora et auct. =trialatus, Kien." teste Hani.]
229 9. Murex lyratus, G nel. 3531.=3f. glomus cereus, Chem. x. pi. 169. f. 1634.
— Buccinum lyratum, Martyn, U. C. ii. f. 43. — Hob. N. Zealand, King
George's Bay, Martyn.
233 43. Purpura lamellosa,= Buccinum I, Gmel., Wood's Cat. f. 6Q.=Btic. pli-
calwn, Martyn, U. C. ii. f. 41. =Buc. compositum, Chemn. x. 179, vign.
21. f. A, ft. = Buc. crispatum, Chemn. xi. 84, pi. 187. f. 1802-3. Murex
cr., Lam. 174. — Hob. N. Zealand, King George's Sound, Chemn., Mar-
tyn. Coast of Columbia.
237 *71. Ziziphinus canaliculatus. Troclius c.. Martyn, U. C. pi. 32,= Tr. doliarius,
Chemn. x. f. 1579-80 ; Wood's Cat. f. 96.— Hab. N. Zealand, Martyn.
California, Capt. Belcher, R.N.
*72. ZizipJnnus annulatus. Trochus a., Martyn, U. C. pi. 33. = T. virgineus,
Chemn. x. f. 1581-2 j Wood's Cat. f. 98. = Tr. ccelatus, £., Gmel.— Hab.
N. Zealand, Martyn. California, Capt. Belcher.
243 113. Bulla Quoyii, Gray, n. s.=J?. striata, Q. & G., Voy. Astr. ii. 354, pi. 26.
f. 8, 9, non Lam. — Hab. N. Zealand, Quoy, Stanger.
But the first authentic information on the molluscs of the North-western
coast is given in the ' Voyage Round the World, but more particularly to the
N.W. Coast of America,' by Capt. George Dixon, London, 1789: to which is
added a Natural History Appendix.
Page 355, fig. 2. Solen patulus *. Cook's River. [= Machara Nuttalli, Conr.]
In the ' Conchology, or Natural History of Shells/ by George Perry, Lon-
don, 1811, a work of no little pretension, yet singularly inaccurate, are figured
the following species, but without authorities for the assigned localities : —
* As this extract is probably the first description on record of molluscs from the Pacific
shores of N. America, by the original collector, and as the book is rarely to be met with,
it may be interesting to quote the passage : —
" At the mouth of Cook's River [lat. 59°-61°] are many species of shell-fish, most of
them, I presume, nondescript ; and of all which I should have endeavoured to have got
specimens, had business permitted. Among the bivalves we noticed some of a large spe-
cies, of the Cardium or cockle-genus \_Cardium corbis, Mart.], half-a-dozen of which would
have afforded a good supper for one person ; but, for a repast of that kind, our men pre-
ferred a large species of the Solen genus, which they got in quantity, and were easily dis-
covered by their spouting up the water as the men walked over the sands where they in-
habited : as I suppose it to be a new kind, I have given a figure of it in the annexed plate
[Solen patulus ; accurate external and internal views, size of life]. 'Tis a thin brittle shell,
smooth within and without : one valve is furnished with two front and two lateral teeth
[the ' laterals ' are the nymphse for the ligament] ; the other has one front and one side
tooth, which slip in between the others in the opposite valve : from the teeth, in each valve,
proceeds a strong rib, which extends to above halfway across the shell, and gradually loses
itself towards the edge, which is smooth and sharp. The colour of the outside is white,
circularly, but faintly, zoned with violet, and is covered with a smooth yellowish-brown
epidermis, which appears darkest where the zones are : the inside is white, slightly zoned,
and tinted with violet and pink. The animal, as in all species of this genus, protrudes
beyond the ends of the shell very much, and is exceeding good food. — A fine specimen of
this kind is in the Collection of John Swainson, Esq., of the Custom House, London. — We
saw also, on this coast, a kind of muscle, in colour and shape much like the common eat-
able muscle of Europe, but differed in being circularly wrinkled, and a great deal larger
\_Mytilus Californianus, Conr.]. One valve I saw at Queen Charlotte's Islands measured
above nine inches and a half in length. — With pieces of these muscles, sharpened to an ex-
quisite edge and point, the Indians head their harpoons and other instruments for fishing
They fasten them on with a kind of resinous substance." — Dixon s 'Voyage.'
5
520 REPORT— 18C3.
9 4. Poh/plex gracilis \ = TropTion mufticostatus, Esch.]. N.Zealand.
29 5. Melania striata. New California. [All the figures of ' Melania ' on this plate
represent large B-ulimi, perhaps from S. America.]
85 4. Cerithium reticulatum. IS ew California.
44 2. Haustrum pictum \_ = Purpura planospird^. East Indies.
44 3. Haustrum dentex [ = P- cohimellaris}. Nootka Sound: only 2 sp. known,
44 4. Haustrum tuberctdatum [ = P. patulu, jun.]. ? —
41 3. Olica Leveriana [ = O. porphyria~\. ? —
47 2. Trochus decarinaius [==• Calliostoma canalicidatum]. N. Zealand.
68 2. Venus radiata [ = Callista lupinaria]. N. Zealand.
The common Calif ornian Haliotis was, it seems, first described in the
•Zoological Miscellany/ by Dr. W. E. Leach, vol. i. 1814*.
Page 131, pi. 58. Haliotis- Cracherodii, Leach. California.
Solander made use of the materials he had collected in Cook's Voyage, in
compiling a work on Conchology of considerable merit. Dillwyn made a copy
of it, and used it in preparing his own, allowing priority to its specific names ;
but it was never published. The types were lately parted-with by the Lin-
nean Society, who had determined not to keep any collections except those of
Linnaeus. The ' Descriptive Catalogue of Recent Shells,' &c., by L. W. Dill-
wyn : London, 1817, is considered by Dr. Gray to be the best conchological
work arranged according to the old system. The following are quoted from
the West Coast : —
Vol. Page.
i. 301. Mytilus frons, Linn. = Ostrea frons, Sol. Callone. Acapulco, Humphreys ;
West Indies, auct.
i. 469. Cyprcca pustulata, Sol. Acapulco.
ii. 617. Buccinum plumbeum, Chemn. California. [Monoceros, PS. America.]
Following Dillwyn, and nearly eclipsing his fame through the originality
and excellence of his classification, appeared Lamarck's ' Animaux sans Ver-
tebres,' 1818-1822. Coordinate with or preceding this work are his Articles
in the ' Annales du Museum ' and the ' Encyclopedic/ The fresh sources of
his information are quoted in the first Report, p. 169.
In Delessert's ' Recueil,' 1841, are figured
PI. 2, fig. 1. Solen ambiguus, Lam. [ = £ rudis, C. B. Ad.] "Les mers d'Amerique."
PI. 19, fig. 2. Cytherea semilamellosa, Gaudichaud [= C. lupinaria]. China Seas.
In Deshayes' invaluable edition of the ' An. s. Vert.,' Paris, 1835-45, are
quoted a variety of West Coast species which have already appeared under
their original authorities. The following may be added : —
Vol. Page.
viii. 2o2. Sulimus Mexicamis, ~L&m. = Helix vittata, Fer. Mexico.
ix. 33. Haliotis Californiensis, Swains. = If. glabra, Desh. California.
ix. 357. Pleurotoma tubercidifera, Br. & Sby. California.
ix. 684. Murex radix, Gme\.=M. melanomathos (pars), Dill w. Acapulco.
ix. G05. Murex foliatus, Gmel.=Jf. tripterus, Kien. N.W.America. "? India."
The last of the early writers whose works should here be quoted, and whose
ideas on the relations of genera were considerably in advance of the age, though
somewhat fanciful, is Swainson, in his 'Zoological Illustrations/ 1820-1833;
'Appendix to the Sale Catalogue of Mrs. Bligh's Shells/ 1822; and <Exoti<t
Conchology/ 1821-1835, reissued by Hanley, 1841. These works contain
the following West Coast species :—
* This work has been translated into French, and republished, by Chcnu ; where the
same sp«x:s§ is found on page 8, pi. 3. f. 2.
6
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF XORTH AMERICA.
2, JSaKotis rufescem, Swains. (Ditto in Exot. Conch, ed. ii. p. 34.) Galapagos [?j
and California.
4. Cassis [Malea] ring ens. Swains. ? —
5. Cassis corrugata, Swains. Native of the Galapagos.
5. Harpa crenata, Swains. ? —
8. Strombus granulatus, Swains. ? —
Eiot Conch. Plate.
86. Conus princeps, Ln.= C. regius, Martini, Lam. (C. P. var. /3., Ln.= C. ebraus.)
Asiatic Ocean.
97 (middle figure). Marginella primnm,Gmel., Martini = Voluta plumbea, Sol. MS.
Africa.0 [The pinched W. Indian form.]
182. Cyprcea spadicea, Swains., Tilloch's Phil. Mag. vol. Ixi. p. 376. South Seas
(Mawe).
80. Haliotis Californiensis, Swains. [Figured with 9 small holes.] 1821.
65. Solen amUguus, Lam. N. America, 1820. [This shell is conspecilic with tho
" 8. medius, Alashka,'' of the B. M. Coll. ; differing somewhat from the S.
ambiguus as figured by Delessert. The B. M. locality is perhaps erroneous.]
24. Valenciennes9 Memoir on Numb, and Bonpl., 1833. — The following
notes are from a study of the complete copy in the Libr. Hoy. Coll. Surgeons.
221. Donax radiata [=var. of D. punctatostriatus, Hani. 1843].
219. Venus succincta \_=Chione Californiensis, Brod. 1835].
245. Bulimus undatus. [The Caribbean, not the Mexican, type is here figured.]
267. Haliotis Calif orniana \_ = H. rufescens, Swains., not II. Californiensis, Swains.").
267. (Add) Haliotis interrupta, Val. Tropical America. [The description accords
with the young of //. Cracherodii, Leach.]
277. Cerithium musica. [Description accords with C. maculosum, Kien.]
278. Cerithium granosum [= Cerithidea r>aricosa~\.
279. Cerithium fragaria \_ = Rhi nod avis gemmata, lids.].
282. Cerithium varicosum [= Cerithidea caricosa, Sby.].
308. Strombus cancellatus. Closely resembles jRostellaria fissurella, from Grignon.
[Probably E. Indian.]
838. Conus scalaris [= C. gradatus (Mawe), Wood's Suppl.].
270. Solarium bicanaliculdtum. Small species, like S. Herberti, Desh. Enc.
265. Natica JBonplandi. [The figure exactly represents Neverita palula, Sby.]
266. (Add) Natica uber, Val. Cumana.
317. Purpura semi-imbricata, Lam. [An. s. Vert. vol. x. p. 84, no. 39 ; not since
identified from the brief description. Perhaps =Cuma costata, Blainv.]
287. Fusvs turris \_ = F. Dupetithouarsii, Kien.].
290. Fmus Magellanicus " —Buc. Geversianum, Pallas, —Murex Peruvianus, Enc.
Meth."
295. Ficula Jicoidcs [? = decussata].
296. Pyrula spirata [? =Rapa, Jim.].
25. Coquille. — All the limpets quoted are South American.
26. EsJischoltz. — The following observations may be useful to the student :
Page.
10. Murex ferruginem [ = Purp. crispata, Chemn.. var. ; varices few, scarcely frilled].
11. Murex lactuca \ = l\irpura crispata, Chemn.].
11. Murex multicostatus [is not Trophon clathratus, as supposed bv Midd. ; but pro-
bably = T. Gunneri. It resembles T. laciniatum, Mart. (Falkland Is. ) on a
small scale ; varices coronated, without spiral sculpture].
16. Acmcea. [Genus described in the Appendix to Kotzebue's §econd Voyage, 1830.
p. 350 ; somewhat before Tectura, teste Woodward.]
18. Acmcea mamiUata. [The ' crowded tubercles' were perhaps due to nullipore.]
19. Acmcea cassis [if a northern shell, is perhaps the strongly ribbed var. of peUa •
but the figure accoi'ds best with the Cape Horn species, P. cenea, Mart.].
20. Acmcea digitalis [is perhaps distinct from the variable persona ; but passes into
it by easy transitions].
7
522 KEPORT— 1863.
Page.
21. Fissurella aspera [=Glyphis Lincolni, Gray, = cratitia, Gld. But Gl densida-
fhrata, Eve, is probably distinct ; Sta Barbara, Jewett, Cooper'].
27. Tanlcerville Cat., 1825. — The following species are also from the West
Coast. The prices are added from the British Museum copy, as a record of
their former rarity : —
No. App. page. Price.
70 10s. Solen ambiguus.
101 15s. Tellina operculata.
162 5s. Tellina jmnicea.
206 £10 10s. LucinaChildreni [described by Gray in Ann. Phil.l824;v. also
Zool. Journ. vol. i. 1825, pp. 221-2. There is no authority
for the statement that it came from Brazil. The Br. Mus.
specimens are from " Mus. Cracherode/' and are probably
West Coast. The only known locality is Cape St. Lucas.j
1293 30s. T ochus anmdatus.
1294 20s. Trochus doliarius.
1690 10s. Murex crispatns.
1842 los. Purpura patula.
1855 20s. Purpura planospira,
1896 45s. Harpa crenata.
2240 15s. Cyprcea spadicea.
2251 2s. Cyprcea albitginosa.
2330 xxxii 15s. 6'iva splendidula. Hal.*—
2332 xxxiii 2s. 6d. Oliva biplicata. West Coast North America.
2333 xxxiv 2s. Oliva columellaris. ? —
2347 £5 5s. Conus regius.
The „ in Rep., p. 174, should have been omitted, except at no. 808, p. vi. No.
1401 is described, on p. xii, as from Newfoundland. No. 1786 should have no
page-reference.
In the ' Zoological Journal/ London, 1824-1829, appear descriptions of the
following species : —
Pag'-
Vol. i. March 1824, 60. Natica patula, Sby. "Brought from S. America by
M. de Humboldt. 2 specimens only known."*
„ Oct. 1824, 369. Cyprcea subrostrata, Gray. Nehoue (Mus. Sby.).
['Probably fossil' (Gray) : a white, smooth spe-
cies, not to be confounded with Trivia subrostrata.~]
„ Jan. 1825, 510. Cyprcea albuginosa, Mawe, pi. 7. f. 2 ; pi. 12. f. 2. Cali-
fornia. Named, without description, in Mawe's
Cat. (= C. poraria, var., Duel. : Z. J. iv. p. 68.)
513. Cyprcea pustidata, Sol. S. Coast of Mexico. China.
Vol. iii. Jan. 1827, 70. Hinnites giganteus (Sby.). P— [ = ZT. Poulsoni, Conr.
Calif. ] = ffinnita gigantea, Gray, Ann. Phil. Aug.
1826. —Lima gigantea, Id. in loc. cit. [non J. Sby.]
„ Sept 1827, 363. Cyprcea subrostrata, Gray [bis, Trivial. ?—
364. Cyprcea radians, Lam. = C. oniscus, Dillw. = C. pedi-
' culus, p., Gmel.-f C. costata, Dillw. W. Coast of
Mexico, ? Adriatic.
365. Cyprcea Californiana, Gray [ Trivia]. California.
Vol. iv. Jan. 1828, 145-162. Monograph of Ovulum, by fer. B. Sowerby, containing
the species afterwards figured in the Spec. Conch.
28. Beecheifs Voyage. — Increased study has supplied the following cor-
rections : —
* At p. 511, note *, Dr. Gray states that the Natica patula, Barnes, Ann. Lye. Nat.
Hist. N. Y., Sept. 1824, i. 133, is " the shell described under that name by Sby. As them
is another N. patula [? ubi], must be called by Mr. Barnes's MS. name of N. helicoides?
Also that Dolium dentuium, Barnes, loc. cit. =22. ringenst Sby.
8
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 523
Page.
Z. J. 372. Naticapallida [=Lunatia caurina, G\&.,-±soluta, Gld.].
372. Natica otis. [V&r. = Polimcesfusca, Cpr.]
372. Natica clausa [=JV. Beverlii, Leach, MS. in B. M.].
378. Fusm lapillus= Hue. subrostratum, Gray. [Resembles the smooth,
stumpy form of Purpura plicata, Mart. : " perfectly distinct,"
teste Hani.]
379. Conus arcuatus [as figured in Z. B. V., is a very different shell from
that in Mus. Cum. and the monographs ; the latter is allied to C.
tornatus],
379. Conus interruptus [resembles the broad form of C. mahogani].
Z. B. V. 130. (Add) Oliva semistriata, Gray, pi. 36. f. 10. Hob. ?— [Panama, &c.]
1 19. Conus Ximenes [scarcely differs from C. mahogani, var. in Mus. Cum.].
132. [Should be] Aqaronia [et passim].
147. (Add) Mouretia Peruviana, Sby. (P. Z. S. 1835, p. G) pi. 39. f. 6, 6'.
[Also Margarita Bay, teste Pease.!
148. Patella Mazatlandica. [This is the Sandwich Islands species, =P.
exarata, Nutt., teste Haul. The large specimens quoted are pro-
bably P. talcosa, Gld.]
150. CJiama echinata. [Further series of specimens make it doubtful
whether this be not a distinct species from C.frondosa, var. The
original sculpture has not yet been detected.]
151. [Should be] Cytherea biradiata.
152. (Add) Cardita borealis, Conr. (=="Arcturus rudis, Humphr.") pi. 44.
f. 1. [Probably from near icy Cape. Mus. Belcher.]
The types of the species described from this important voyage have been
scattered. Some have been identified from Admiral Sir E. Belcher's Collec-
tion, which he kindly allowed me to examine for that purpose ; others are
in the possession of Mr. Hanley ; but many appear hopelessly lost.
29. Wood's Ind. Test. — In Hanley's Revised Edition of this important
work (London, 1856), several new localities are added from the writer's
varied experience, and the synonymy is most carefully elaborated. No other
book contains such a mass of trustworthy information on the old species in so
small a compass. The following are quoted, either as original authorities, or
for locality or synonymy : —
Page. Fig.
2 10. Chiton ttmicatus, Wood, Gen. Conch. 1815, pi. 2. f. 1 \_ = Katherina
Douglasite, Gray]. Sitka.
3 18. Chiton Imeatus, Wood, Gen. Conch. 1815, pi. 2. f. 4, 5. Sitcha,
North Calif. [Mr. Hanley believes that Sitka is the island in
lat. 58°, and that Sitcha is in the district now known as Wash-
ington Territory, olim Oregon.]
3 20. Chiton sukatus, Wood, Gen. Conch. 1815, pi. 3. f. 1. Galapagos.
19 16. Solen maxima*, Wood, Gen. Conch. 1815, pi. 31. f. 3 [ = £ patulus,
Dixon. N.W. America], Sandw. Is.
21 8. Tellina rugosa, Born. Is. of Opara, New California. [Pacific Is.]
27 73. Tellina muricata, Chemn. = Zwcma scabra, Rve. Mexico.
82 97. Conus pusillus, Wood : non Chemn. nee Lam. [nee Gld.] = C.punc-
ticulatus, var., Lam. (quasi Brug.) Mexico.
88 31. Cyprceaonyx, Gray (quasi Lin.) =zC.adusta, Chemn. [Pacific Is. The
San Diegan shell is closely allied, —Luponia spadiceaJ[ 'Calif.'
89 35. Volutaincrassata,Dillw.; posterior to O.angulata^&m* Centr.Am.
183 14. Haliotis Cracherodii, Leach —Jf. glabra, Schub. 1829, non. Chemn..
et auct. Calif.
Suppl. 201 3. lellina lutea, Gray = T. alternidentata, Br. & Sby. = Z Guilfordia-
Gray, in Griff. Cuv. pi. 19. f. 2. Icy Cape.
202 1. Donax scalpellum, Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825, ix. 166 ^ =Z>.. elongate.
Mawe, Conch, pi. & £ 6, 1823. Calif.
9
524 REPORT — 1863.
Page. Fig.
BeppL "202 2. Donax stuUorum, Mawe, 1. c. pi. 9. f. 7 ; = Trigona st, Grny, Anal vst,
1838. ? S. America [ = Tr. crassatelloide's, j un. Calif.].
204 5, Chama crassicostata=. Venericardia c., Sby., Tank. Cat. p. 4. = Car-
dita Cuvieri, Brod., P. Z. S. 1832. = C. Michelini, Val. Acapulco.
205 11. Area pectimformis, Gr&y(Pectunculus), non Lam. = P. iiicequalis, Sby.
208 6. Conus qradatus, Mawe. Calif. [= C. scalaris, Val. 1 Pan.
211 25. Valuta lens, Mawe. Pan.
211 26. Valuta harpa, Mawe, Conch. Front, f. 2. 1823; = V. nucleus, Lam.
' S. Pacific.
211 33. Voluta nux, B.M. = Oliva biplicata, Sby., Tank. Cat. Calif.
212 38. Voluta tenebrosa, Mawe=O. undatdla, Duel. (Lam.) Pan.
212 4. Buccinum tenue, Mawe = Cassis Massena, Kien. Galapag-os.
212 7. Buccinum distortum, Swains., Bligh's C&t.= Columbella tnumnhalis
Duel. [Clavella]. W. Columbia.
213 10. Buccinum brevidentatum, Mawe=P«r^?. cornigera, Blainv. = P. ocel-
lata, Kien. W. Columbia.
213 11. Buccinum denticulatum, Mawe ) =Monoceros lugubre, Sby. Gen.
213 12. Buccinum armatum, Mawe j Calif.
213 13. Buccinum tectum, Mawe=Pwrj??. callosa, Sby. Gen., non Lam.=P.
anguliferttj Kien. (Ducl.)= Cuma sidcata, Swains. Mai. Pan.
213 15. Buccinum planaxis, Mawe=P/. planicosta, Sby. = P. canaliculata,
Duval, Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 107. Pan. \_Purp. canaliculata, Duel.,
is quite distinct.]
214 25. Buccinum elongatum, Mawe= Terebra strigata, Sby., Tank. Cat.=a
T. zebra, Kien. Pan.
215 15. Strombus bituberculatus, B.M., non auct. = $£;*. Peruvianus, Swains..
Phil. Mag. 62. W. Columb.
216 3. Murex rigidus, B.M.==^^^c. nodatum, Martyn= Murex n., Gmel.,
Dillw.= Turbinetta rigida, Gray. Pan. [Probably the Pacific sp.l
217 10. Murex sanguineus, Mawe= Turbinella varicosa, Rve. Galapag-os.
217 14. Murex salmo, ^la,we—Fasciolaria^ranosa, Kien., as of Brod., P"Z. S.
1832. Panama.
218 1. Trochus vndosm, Wood= T. undatus, Mawe, Conch, no. 146 (not
described) ; = T. balcenarum, Val. Calif.
219 4. Trochus pellis-serpentis, Mawe = Tegula elcgans, Less. , 111. Zool. pi. 50 ;
= Tr. strigilatus, Phil, (quasi Anton) Abbild. pi. 2. f. 9. Pan.
225 45. Turbo saxosus, Ma,we=;Marmorostoma undulata, b wains., Zool. 111.
s. 2. Pan.
233 6. Haliotis corrugata, Mawe, Conch, no. 181. ?=//. nodosa, Phil. Abbil.
pi. 2. Calif.
233 3. Patella peziza, Gra,y=Dispot<zaByronensis, Gray, Enc. Metr. Moll.
pi. 4. f . 4 =[? Cfucibulum spmosum, var.j. Chill.
31. Voy. Beagle. — The Triton scaber is rightly assigned to S. America:
there is no satisfactory evidence for its appearance on the N.W. coast. The
shells so quoted are probably either imported from the Magellan district, or
are Priene Oregonensis, jun., or Ocinebra, var. aspera.
36. Duclos. — The original article is in the ' Annales Nat. Sc.,' May 1832,
and contains the following species : —
Paf c. Plate. Fig.
104 1 1. Purpura canaliculata, Duel., resembles P. succincta on a small scale.
Cal. ; very rare. [Figured with 10 principal and a few intercalary
ribs. = P. dccemcostata, Midd.]
105 1 2. Purpura melones, Duel. ? — [Panama.]
109 2 8. Purpura centiquadra, Val. MS. [Duel, states that Val. altered his
own nam.3 to speciosa while the sheet was passing through the
press. The latter, however, bears date 1833.]
Ill 2 10. Purpura sphceridia, Duel. Cal. [A well-known Sistrum from thi
Pacific Is.]
10
ON MOLLUSC A OF THE WEST COAST OP NORTH AMERICA. 525
The species quoted in the text from Guerin, which appear in the Mag.
Zool. for 1844, also appear here with the early date. OUva polpaster, a south-
ern form, from Guayaquil, <fcc., is distinct from all varieties of the Gulf species,
0. Cumingii', it bears date 1839. In the same vol. are described and figured — •
2. Calyptrtea (Calypeopsis) rugosa, Less. Payta, Peru. [ = CrMc. imbricatum,
without pits.]
23. Conus hieroglyphus, Duel. Probably Cal. [A Pacific form, like C. abbre-
27. Cyprcea eglantina, Duel. Cal. [A starved var. of Aricia arabica, Pacific Is.]
38. Lady Douglas (afterwards known as Lady Wigram). — Placunanomia
tepio. [The type is an old shell, with faint ribs.]
Placunanomia alope. [The type is a young shell, with small scars and
faint ribs. The large series of specimens examined in the Smithsonian col-
lections proves that these forms are among the many varieties of P. macro-
schisma. The Indians have a superstitious dread of handling it. Many more
species have since been detected in the Brit. Mus., from the late Lady
Wigram's valuable donations, including Macoma inquinata, Desh.. described
from her specimens ; but, as they are evidently from mixed localities, it has
not been thought necessary to catalogue them.]
39. Nuttall. — The verification of Conrad's species being of considerable
importance, I made diligent search for the original types during a recent
tour in the United States. The supposed collection at Harvard University,
Cambridge, Mass., has not been discovered by Professor Agassiz. The
inquiries which Professor Longfellow kindly made at my request resulted in
information that it was " in Dr. Wyman's Mus. Nat. Hist., in the granite
building on Howard Street ; " but no opportunity has been afforded of col-
lating it, or even of verifying its existence. Dr. Jay rendered me every
assistance in studying the types which he has catalogued in his collection,
now rearranging in his residence at Memironeck, near New York, and gave
such duplicates as could be spared for the Smithsonian Museum. Several
species, however, were not to be found, and some were clearly erroneous, as
e. g. Chama " exogyra, Conr.," which proved to be C. lobata, Brod. ; "W. L,
teste Cuming ; China, Brit. Mus. The most satisfactory information was
derived from an interview with Mr. Conrad himself at the Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Philadelphia, where the honorary curator, Mr. "W. G. Binney, afforded us
nil possible aid in eliminating types from the collections of the Academy and
of private conchologists in the city. Mr. NuttalPs death (the news of which
was received soon after) prevented his revising the corrections thus obtained.
As he had previously presented a duplicate series of his shells to the Brit.
Mus., which had been incorporated with the general collection, and had sig-
nified to me his intention to leave the unique specimens to the nation, I at
once communicated with the survivors and with Dr. Gray, who was fortunate
enough to stop the intended sale, and to secure the shells, which were kindly
presented by the executors. They are now mounted, and kept in drawers
adjoining the Reigen collection, the Vancouver collection, and the Stimp •
sonian typical collection of East Coast N. American shells. The following
is a resume of corrections obtained from these different sources, numbered to
correspond with the list, Rep. pp. 194-201 : —
2. " Parapholas " penita [is a Pholadidea].
3. Platyodon cancellatus has Cryptodonta myoides, Nutt. MS.].
4. Cryptodon Nuttallii, Conr. [The author, finding the generic name preoccupied
changed it to Schizotharus N. : 1852, teste Bin. Bibl. ; 1854, Journ. A. N. t1
Phil. p. 199.=Zwrfra;-m capax. Gld.=i. maxima. Midd.. = TVesws maximus,
11
526 REPORT— 1863.
Gray. Mr. Nuttall only brought home young specimens of this extraordinary
shell. In its adult state it assumes either a transverse form ( = capax) or
the elongated condition, redescribed in a fossil state as new. Between
these there is every gradation, as can be traced in the magnificent series in
the Smiths. Mus. ; and a caskful of the animals in spirits, of various ages,
has affiliated the large shells to the original Nuttallian specimens.]
10. Pandora punctata [is a Clidiophora. The series so named in the Nuttallian
collection belongs, however, to the Atlantic Cl. trilineata].
11. Solecurtus lucidus [is almost certainly the young of no. 12. The amount of
obliquity in the internal rib is extremely variable in the adult specimens].
12. Solecurtus Nuttallii \_=Machfsra patula, Dixon,—Aulus grandis, Gmel., teste
Hds. in Mus. Cum. Mr. C.'s "grandis, var.," from Monterey, suits in its
proportions for the adult of S. lucidus. The shell has been widely distri-
buted by commerce, and appears to extend far in a northerly direction. The
animal is very beautifully fringed].
14. Solecurtus Californianus \_=S. Dombeyi, teste Mus. Cuming : non Hani. MS.].
15. Psammobia Pacijica [is a Heterodonax, probably identical with the W. Indian
H. bimaculata, which is found abundantly in its many varieties at Aca-
pulco ;= Tellina vicina, C. B. Ad.].
17. Sanguinolaria Calif orniana [=Macoma inconspicua, Brod. & Sby., and is a
northern species].
18. Sanguinolaria rubroradiata [is the young of a large species of Psammobia"].
22. Tellina alta [ = (from types) ? Scrobicidaria biangulata, Cpr.].
23. [ = Macoma edulis, Nutt. ; a northern variety of M. secta, no. 25, and quite
distinct from M. edentula.~\
26. The locality is not confirmed, and is probably erroneous.
27. [Dr. Gould considers his D. obesus a distinct species ; from a large series, it
appears identical.]
28. 29. [These species of Standella, described from young specimens, were found
of very large size by Dr. Cooper, with what may prove a third species,
perhaps S. nasuta, Gld., blimJ]
306. Petricota carditoides [with P. arcuata+cylindracea, Desh., are varieties of P.
Calif ornica. The series preserved in the Smithsonian Museum connects all
the extreme forms].
32. Mysia tumida, Conr. MS. [ = Dtplodonta orbctta, Gld., and belongs to the section
Spheeretta, Conr. The label had been assigned by accident to a young valve
of a Chione, probably from the Sandwich Is.].
83. Tapes staminea. [This is the extreme southern form of a widely diffused and
very variable species, of which the normal condition is Saxidomus Petitii,
Desh., = Venus rigida, Gld. pars. The principal varieties have been named
Tapes diversa, Sby.= Venus mundulus, Jive., and Venus ruderata, Desh.]
84. [The Callfornian Saxidomi divide themselves into three groups : the large,
southern, oval, grooved shells = & aratus, Gld. j the subquadrate, compara-
tively smooth, northern shells =S. squali(h<s-\-giganteus, Desh.; and an
intermediate form, which is the true S. Nuttallii, Conr. Some of Mr. Nut-
tail's specimens were, however, the young of S. aratus, of which the adult
was not known till very recently.]
85. [The young of this Pachydesma is " Trigona stultorum, Gray," Desh. MS. in
British Museum.]
36. Cytherea callosa [ = C. nobilis, live. It is not a Dosinia, but the type of a new
subgenus, Amtantis, differing from Callista as Mercenaria does from Venus],
87. Plate 19, fig. 16 (not 14 nor 15). [The true Venus NuttaUii of Conr. (teste
Conr. ips. and types in Mus. Phil. Ac. and Jay) is not the shell here cata-
logued, which generally goes by that name, but is a synonym for the V.
Calif orniensis, T$rod.,=succmcta, Val. The error was corrected in the Mus.
Cum. in time for the right shell to be figured by Reeve in his recent mono-
graph. It is doubtful what name Conrad intended for the shell here cata-
logued, which belongs to the group of Stutchburyi,Jluctifraf/a, &c. If really
distinct from the latter, it may stand as Chione callosa, Sby. jun. (non Conr. f]
38. Venus Californiana [(teste Conr. ips.) was intended for V. CaHforniensit.
Brod. Not having access to the type, it could hardly be recognized by the
12
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 527
brief diagnosis. The name should therefore be dropped. The shell, pi. 19,
fig. 15 (not 16)=Chione simillima, Sby., no. 39 ; a good Lower Californian
species. It seems that the error was not in numbering of the figures, as
Mr. Nuttall supposed, but in Conrad's identification of Broderip's species].
40.Chione excavata [is closely related to Ch. sucdncta; the unique type, however,
in Brit. Mus. displays 'characteristic differences of sculpture. It is singu-
larly like the W. Indian Ch. cancellata, and may prove exotic].
^l.Cypricardia Oalifornica [—C. Gumiaca, Lam.,= (7. Duperryi, Desh. Almost
certainly from the Sandwich Is.J.
45, 456. Cardium Californianum \_=C. Nuttallii, var. The species is named " C,
corbis, Mart.," by Desh. MS. in Mus. Brit, and CumingJ.
46. Cardium quadragenarium [= C. luteolabrum, Gld.].
51. v. antea, no. 32.
56. Modiola recta. [Described from very young specimens. The broad form is
M.Jlabellata, Gld.]
£9. Mytilus bifurcatus. [The type is lost ; the figure and description would suit
many species. It is allocated, in Mus. Cum., to the Californian Sepiifer }
but by Pease to a Sandwich Island MytHus.~\
CO. [None of Conrad's species of Isogncmon have been confirmed as from Califor-
nia. They are known to inhabit the Pacific Islands.]
626. [Mr. Nuttall also brought an oyster, which he named in MS. O. latecaudata,
= O. lurida, var. ; and Hinnites giganteus, Gray, = -£f. Poulsoni, Conr.]
64. [Dr. Gould states that H. NicUinin,na, Lea,=-ff. Calif or niensis, Pfrv Chemn.,
Rve. ; but that H. Californiensi^7 Lea, is distinct.]
69. Helix Townsendiana [=ZT. (eruginosa, Gld. MS.].
74. Chiton Nuttattii [is an Ischnochiton].
75. Chiton acutus [is an aberrant form of Mopalia. " Chiton consimilis," Nutt. MS.
in Brit. Mus., appears to be Mopalia Hindsii, var. " Chiton Calif ornicus "
Nutt. MS., = " Acanthopleura" scabra, Rve.].
77. Patella mamillata, Nutt. [(non Esch.) is now assigned in Mus. Cuming to
Acmcea scabra, Nutt., var. limatula~].
83. Fissurella ornata, Nutt. [=-F- volcano, Rve.].
84. Glyphis densiclathrata, Rve. [V. anted,, p. 522. The shell has been lost.]
86. H. Calif orniensisj Swains, [(not Californiana} V&l., = mfescens*), is an extreme
var. of If. Cracherodii. The series in the Smithsonian Mus. have 5, 6, 7,
8, and 9 holes ; as soon as it has 10 and 11, it passes into Calif orniensis,
which was figured in 1821 with 9 holes. When these are numerous, they
are generally small in proportion].
91. Calliostoma doliarium \_=C. canaliculatum, Mart. This and C. annulatum}
Mart,, are quite distinct from C.Jilosum, which= C. costatum, Mart.].
92. Omphalms ater [is the S. American species. The common Californian shell is]
04. O. marginatm, Nutt. MS. [=funebralis, A. Ad.].
976. The collection contains one specimen of Crepidtda dorsata.
103. [Is a Serpidorbis, without operc., teste Cooper.]
106. Litorina tenebrata [should be patula, Gld. (non Jeffr.). Nuttall's MS. name
was published by Phil, in 1845].
107. Natica ?maroccana, var. Calif ornica. [The varietal name must be dropped.
The shell certainly came from the Sandwich Islands.]
f 108. [The shell is Vitularia salebrosa, jun., and not] Ranella triquetra.
109. Mitra maura [Swain?., teste Rve. (?ubi)=Jif. orientalis, Gray, =M. " Chi-
lensis" Kien.].
110. Olivella glandinaria, Nutt. [=O. biplicata, Sby.].
112, 113. Purpura aperta and P. harpa [are certainly from the Sandwich Islands],
114. Purpura emarginata [was described by Desh. from an immature specimen in
which a half-formed knob caused an il emargination." The adult is one
very extreme form; P. ostrina, Gld., is another ; P. fuscata, Fbs., is a third.
The normal condition is P. lapillus, Cooper (non Linn.),=Sfm'co/«, Val.
Mr. Nuttall's collection also contains] P. crispata, var.
116. Monoceros brevidens [is an accidentally short-toothed form of M. lapilloides\
118. Cerostoma Nuttallii [with C.foliatum and C. monoceros, Sby., belongs
purida~].
528 REPORT— 1863.
The specimens numbered 2, 5, 8, 9, 19, 21, 28-31, 36, 44, 46, 49, 50, 52-54, 50,
59, 64-67, 70-72, 76, 84, 86-88, 98, 101, 103, 104, and 109 do not appear in the
Brit. Mus. Nuttallian collection.
41. Voy. Venus. — Eev. Zool. and Guer. Mag.
Area trapezia \_ — A. tuberculosd].
Saxicava legmnen [ = £/;// oladis ; Pfrom hole of Lithojjhagus}.
Pctricola arcuata [=the normal state of P. carditoides, Conr.j.
Petricola cylindracea [=a short form of the same sp.; developing ridges of growth,
like Tapes ruderata, Desh.].
Venerupis gigantea [ = Saxidomus squalidus, Desh.].
Cyrrricardia Duperreyi [=C. Guinaiaca, Lam., = (7. Calif ornica, Conr. A Sandwich
Island species, fwice quoted, but not confirmed, from Cal.].
Cardium Laperoussii [is an Aphrodite, like Groenlandicum, but more transverse, and
with lateral teeth less developed. This very rare and probably boreal shell has
just been identified from Adm. SirE. Belcher's coll.].
Cardium Calif orniense, Desh. [is not C. California-Hum ( = Nuttallii), Conr. ; but=C.
pseudofossite, Rve., 1844. The name of Desh. is unfortunate, as his shell is the
Kamtschatkan form with strong ribs. The Californian form is smaller, with
fainter ribs,= Cl blandum, Gld.].
Purpura Freydnetii [is figured from a very extreme form of the Japanese specieJ.
P. ostrina passes into similar varieties].
Velutina MuUeri [probably = V. leevigata, which reaches Vancouver].
Lucina cristata \=Tellidora lunulata, Holmes; described from the Pleistocene of S.
Carolina, and lately dredged alive by Dr. Stimpsou ; not T. Burneti].
The following may be added to Deshayes' list : —
PL 81. Tellina ligamentina, Desh., 1843. Hob. ?— [ = Macoma secta, Conr.]
Tellina Japonica, Desh., in Mus. Cum. [also appears to be M. secta, jun.].
In Yalenciennes' plates to the Voy. Ven. have been recognized the follow-
ing "West Coast species and synonyms, in addition to those quoted in Hep.
pp. 203-204:—
Plate. Fig.
3 2. Trochus diadematus, Val. [resembles Pomaulax undosus, jun., but the sur-
face is faintly wrinkled all over ; umbilical region not chiseled ; and
operc. not ridged. It is probably intended for Pachypajna gibberosum~\.
4 1. Trochus rubiginosus, Val. [probably = T. annulatm, Mart.].
2. Trochus pelluddus, Val. [resembles T.lima, Panama].
6 3. Buctinum Preiostii, Val. [probably — Pisaniapagodus~\.
8 1. Purpura bufonides, Val. [appears one of the many vars. of P. biscrialis].
9 1. Purpura rupestris, Val. [probably = Monoceros lugubre, jun.].
10 1. Murex acicidiger, Val. [is represented with labral tooth and closed canal ;
but resembles C.festivus, Hds.].
3. Murex tortuus (Brod.), Val. [resembles Ph. princeps, with a very poo/
operc., badly drawn].
16 1. Venus Thouarsii, Val. [? = multicostata, Sby. ; figured with very broad,
smooth, close ribs, scarcely indented, except in the middle].
3. Venus pectunculoides, Val. [is probably T. grata, not histrionica~\.
17 2. Cardium subelongatum (Rve.), Val. [appea'rs= C. procerum, jun.].
18 2. Pecten comatus, Val. (may be=hastatus, jun. ; but, although figured with
out the red spot, it most resembles Hin. giganteus, jun.].
19 1. Pecten cxcavatus, Val. [=«7amr« dentata, Sby.].
3. „ ponwtia, Val. [may be = P. ventricostts, jun.].
4. „ rastellinum, Val. [ = P. ha^tatus, jun.].
21 Ostrea gallus, Val. [" Acapulco," with large plates, = O. mcycdon, Hani.].
22 1. Cardita arcetta, Val. [?= Ven. radiata, Sby.].
2. „ modulosa (Lam.), Val. [ = Lazaria qffinis~\.
3. „ turgida (Lam.), Val. [= Ven. laticostata].
5. „ Mchelini, Val. [= V. Cuvieri].
£3 2. Nvcula divaricata, Val. [probably = N. castrensis].
24 1. Penitella Conradi, Val. [may be = Pholadidea ovoidca].
14
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OP NORTH AMERICA. 529
Fig.
2. Penitella xilopliaga, Val. [may be the adult of fig. 4],
3. Penitel a tubigera, Val. [may possibly be intended for Ph. penita],
4. Pholas rostrata, Val. [is probably —Netastoma Danvinii, Sby. jun.l.
5. Ungulina htticola,V&\. [may be an extremely bad Petricola robusta],
'6. Corbula luticola, Val. [is probably — S2)h(Bnia fragilis].
7. Bornia luticola, Val. \—KeUia Laperoussii].
l. [=&
8. Saxicava clava, Val. [=& legumen, Desh., = S,pholadis, var.].
The identification of these species is attended with great uncertainty, as
the types have not been seen, and the artist appears to have studied effect
rather than accuracy.
42. Voyage of Sulphur. — The types of these species appear to have been
scattered. Only a part are now to be found in the very valuable collection
of Admiral Sir E. Belcher, in which most of the shells are, unfortunately,
destitute both of names and of locality-marks.
Murex Belcheri [belongs to Purpuridse, and may be considered the type of
the genus Chorus].
Ranella California. [After comparing a series with the Cumingian speci-
mens of R. ventricosa, it appears that the diagnostic characters are not con-
stant.]
Marginella sapotilla. [The type in Mus. Cuming is much smaller than
the ordinary condition of M. prunum=ccerulescens, Lam., to which species
the common Panama shells were referred by Mr. Cuming. In his collection,
however, they stand thus : — Ordinary Panamic type " sapotilla, Hds. : 5-13
fms., sandy mud, Panama, H.C" Another tablet of the true Panama shells
" Marginella, n. sp., Panama," — " San Domingo" having been crossed ouf.
The small West Indian form, analogous to the typical sapotilla, is given as
" glans, Mke." The large West Indian shells, with violet tinge behind the
labrum, are " ccerulescens, Lam., Panama," without authority. Another series
of the W. Indian type is given as " ccerulescens, var., Lam., 10 fms., sandy
mud, Panama," without authority. Either habitat- errors have crept into the
Cumingian labels, or else Mr. Redpath's observation will not hold, viz. that
the Atlantic shells have a posteri< r pinch on the labrum, which is not seen
in the Pacific. All the authentic series examined irom the two coasts bear
out his view. There will be two opinions as to whether this be more than
a mere local distinction.]
Solarium quadriceps. [On comparing suites of S. granulosum from the
Texan coast with series from the Gulf of California, it appeared that on each
side of the Peninsula the shells went through similar changes in strength of
sculpture, size of umbilicus, number of spiral granules, &e. ; nor could any
clue be obtained by which the coasts could be separated in a mixed collection.
Hinds's shell stands at the furthest extreme of -removal from S. granulatum.~\
43. U. S. Exploring Expedition. — The shells of this collection were depo-
fiited in the Patent Office in Washington, D.C., where, notwithstanding the
great care of Mr. Varden, the curator, they were not a little tampered- with.
Dr. Gould laboured under great difficulties in his work of description ; he
had access only to that part of the collection which happened to be unpacked
and exposed to view during the brief period that his professional engagements
allowed of his visiting the capital ; and his request to be allowed to take
doubtful shells to Europe for identification was refused. The materials also
were of an unsatisfactory kind, a large proportion of the specimens being
much weathered, and many of the locality-marks being manifestly erroneous.
,lf occasional errors have been detected in his great work, they may fairly be
let down to causes over which the author had no control. Many of these
1863. 15
530 -REPORT — 1863.
have been corrected by Dr. Gould himself, in his ' Otia Conch ologica/
Boston, 1862, which contains the various papers in the 'Proceedings of the
Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist.,' with an appendix. After the organization of the
Smithsonian Institution, all the natural-history collections belonging to the
Federal Government were transferred to its keeping, with liberty to exchange
duplicates. The shells remained unopened, and the types not accessible, till,
at the request of Professor Henry, I undertook the arrangement of the col-
lections. Fortunately, a considerable part of the shells professing to be
the figured types of the new species were found together, with the artist's
marks corresponding with the plates and figures. The result of the exami-
nation, so far as the general collection is concerned, will shortly be prepared
for the press ; it is sufficient here to tabulate the observations on the N.W.
American species, which were, as it happened, the most satisfactorily pre-
served in the whole series. The following additional particulars include the
" Rectifications " in the ' Otia,' the paging of which is continued from the
" Expedition Shells " quoted in Rep. p. 209. The quarto volume quoted in
p. 210 is distinguished as " E. E. Mollusca." The folio atlas of plates bears
date on title 1856, but was not published till 1861, teste Binn. Bibl. vol. i.
p. 504. The comparisons of types were made in 1860, from a proof copy.
Ofcia, Page.
3. Chiton li<jnosus=.[Mopalia~] Merckii, Midd., test. Gld. E. E. Moll, [from
worn specimens := Ch. Monterey ends, Cpr., from perfect shells.]
230. Chiton (Chatopleura) vespertinus. Perhaps =C7z. lic/nosus, var. [A Mo-
palia, differing slightly in the amount of posterior wave. The fig. in
E. E. Moll, is made-up from broken specimens.]
6, 242. Chiton (Onithochiton) dentiens. [The shell sent as type of this species,
and all the others seen from the coast, agree in belonging to Ischnochiton,
and are not dentate, as would be presumed from the figures and diag-
nosis. As Dr. Gould's toothed Onithochiton may hereafter be found, the
Smithsonian shells have been named Isch. pseudodentiens.~]
6, 242. Chiton (Clieetopleura) muscosus. \=. Acantliopleura rmiscosa, H. & A. Ad.
Gen.,= C%. ornatits, Nutt. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 232,+Mopalia consimilis,
Nutt. MS. in B. M. This beautiful species is a true MopaliaJ]
230. Chiton (Leptochitoti) tnterstinctus. Resembles C. Sitchensis, Midd. [ = Cal-
locliiton i,, H. & A. Ad., Gen. It is a true Ischnochiton. The genera of
Chitonidee cannot always be ascertained by external characters alone, as
indicated in Messrs. Adams's genera. All the species in the Smithsonian
Museum have been dissected/]
7, 242. Patella (Tectura) f,mbriata=. P. cinis, Rve. [= Acmaa pelta, Esch.].
9, 242. Patella (Nacella} instabilis. [Varies greatly in proportions.]
9, 242. Lottia (Tectura) pintadina. [The types represent the normal condition of
Acmesa patina. One variety is A. cribraria, Gld. MS. The speci-
mens of A. mesoleuca intermixed by Dr. G. in the Mexican War collec-
tions were, no doubt, affiliated by an oversight]
10, 243. Patella (Tecfura) textilis is a var. of T. persona, Esch. [A well-marked
form of delicate growth, passing from A. persona into A. pelta, var. ;
from the young of which some specimens can hardly be distinguished,
except by the fretted pattern.]
10, 243. Patella ( Tecturd) scab r a =. spectrum (Nutt.), Rve., not scabra (Nutt.), Rve.
[The tvpe-specimens belong to two species, f. 456, 456«, being A. spec-
trum, Nutt, while 4566 represents the flattened variety of A. persona,
Esch. (approaching the form digitalis, Esch.). As the diagnosis best
accords with the latter shell, P. scabra, Gld., may stand as a synonym of
persona, var. ; the intermixed specimen, accidentally figured as belonging
to the species, being removed to spectrum, Nutt. Thus the name scabra,
not being needed as first described, will remain for Nuttall's species,
described by Rve., but first named in print by Jay.]
16
ON 3IOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OP NOllTH AMERICA. 531
15. ' Crepidida lingulata. [Described from a worn specimen. Perfect shells
cannot be separated from C. bifabata, Rve.,= C. ? dorsata, var. bilobata,
Maz. Cat., nor from the supposed C. dorsata in Mus, Cum.]
15. . Crepidula nummaria. [Described from an aberrant, worn, and rounded
specimen. The normal state is C. navicelloides, Nutt. "When grown
in hollow bivalves, it becomes nummaria : the contrary extreme, grown
in. crypts of borers, with another shell or crab over it, is explanata,
Old., = exuviafa, Nutt.,=/»er/<wa«*, Val. The Lessonoid form is C.
fimbriata, Rve. The young 'appears to be C. minuta, Midd. But the
"C. nummaria, Old.," of Mus. Cum., is quite a distinct species, not known
from the American coast.]
™' oft ¥?*** Qumt^ ca?'l'>ia+ \ [=£. pattida, Br. & Sby.].
50, 244. Natica (Lunaha) soluta ( L J J
30, 244. Natica (Lunatia) algida ; " R. Negro," E. E. Shells ; " Oregon," E, E. Moll.
[vere: = young of L. Lewisii, Old., July 1847, =L. Aem/fea,Midd., 1849],
f>2. Lacuna carinata, Old., Nov. 1848 [L. soKdula, Lov., 1846. Finmark].
62,245, Litorina patttla, Gld. [non Jefir,], Mar. 1849,= L. planaxis [Nutt], Phil.,
1847.
52, 63. Litorina kpida, scutulata, et plena, [are shown by large series to be varieties
of one species].
99. Litorma cincta, Gld., Aug. 1847, Puget Sd. [=£. Sitchana, Phil., 1845.
This species appears to have been overlooked in the E. E, Moll.]
61. Cerithitim irroratum, Gld. [= C. obesuni, Sby. sen., teste H. Cuming. Tho
type proves this to be an E. I. species, and not the Pauamic C. stercus-
muscarum, VaL, as supposed by Dr. Gld. : v. C. B. Ad. in loco].
C2. Oerithium filosum, Gld., May 1849 [=*Turritella Eschrichtii, Midd., 1849,
(Bittium). Comp. C.Jilosum, Phil., Z. f. M. 1848, p. 84. California],
04, 245. Fusus (Eela) fidicida.
(54, 245. Fusus (Tropfion) Orpheus [(non Baird.)= T. Fabricii, Moll., in Br. Mus.]
07, 245. JSuccinum (Nassa, s. g. Tritia) fossatum. Casia in Ind. p. 253. [= JV1
eleffans, Rve., 1842, non Dujardin : —Zaphon e., Add.].
70,245. Nassa (Tritia) mendica^N. Woodwardi, Fbs., 1850 [from types :+N.
Gibbesiij Coop.].
71, 245. Columbella (Alia) gausapata. [Belongs to the Nassoid group, Amycla.~\
75, My a prwcisa \_ = M. truncata. Scarcely even a variety j but approaches
the form AldrovandiJ]
76, 245. Lutraria (Tresus) capax. [Dr. G. revives his excellent name ; L. maxima,
Jonas, 1844, being anterior to Midd. Conrad's name, Schizothcerus
Niittallii, is, however, very much earlier.]
77, 246. Ostcodesma (Lyonsia) bracteatum [+O. nttiaum, Gld., in different states
of preservation, =L. Catifornica, Conr. The " golden nacre " of O. brac-
teatum is due to incipient decay, r,s generally happens in Anomiads].
83, 246. Cardita (Actinobolus) ventricosa. [Appears to be a local variety of the
ancient Miocene species, Venericardiaborcalis^-^-C. occidentalis, Conr.,
+ C. suUenta, Conr. (fossil) probably.]
83. Cardium blandum, 1850. [A finely grown ?var. of C. Californiensc, Desh.,
1839, Midd. (non C. Californianum, Conr., 1837, — corbis, var.) = C.pseudo-
fossile, Rve., 1844. The name is so like the preoccupied Californianum
that it may advantageously be dropped.]
85. Venus rigida, 1850 [non Dillw. 1817. It is fortunate that the name is
not needed, as the author has joined two very different species, both
of which have other names. The original Latin diagnosis applies- to the-
rough northern form of Tapes staminea, Conr., which is the Saxidomus
Petitii of Desh., and includes V. ruderata, Desh. But the "specimen,
3f in. long," which modified the description in the E. E. Moll., and is-
figured at f. 538, proves to be the adult form of Tapes tenerrima, Cpr.,
P. Z. S. July 1856, which is a Californian and not a Panamic species,
as had been supposed from Col. Jewett's label].
87, 246. Anodonta corjnata — A. Oregonensis, Lea (probably).
87. Anodonta feminalis \_—A. an^ulata, var., teste Lea]*
2 17
S32 REPORT— 1863.
Otia, Page.
93. Mi/filus (Modiola) Jt-abeUatus. [The northern form of Modiola recta, Com.
The " specimens from lh3 Gulf of California " must have been M. lira-
zilicnsis, intermixed by accident.]
94. Mytilus trossuhts [is scarcely a variety of M. edulis, which is very abundant
along the coast, under its usual modifications of form and colour: but
generally of small size].
95. Pcctcn hericeus, Gld. [ = P. hastatus, Sby. sen.].
97, 246. Terebratitla ( Waldheimici) pidvinata.
97, 246. Terebratula (Terebratvlla) caurina.
E. E. Moll.
Page.
113. Planorbis corpulentus is of Say.
143. Melania plicffera is of Lea.
436. Anodonta angulata is of Lea.
206. Scalaria ?australis [is abundantly confirmed from the Vancouver district.
It should be called Opulia borealis, Gld.].
244. Purpura ostrina, Gld., 'Otia,' p. 225 [is an aberrant smooth var. of P.
lapillus, Coop., non Ln. ; the normal state being P. saxicola, Val.].
The following species, described in the * Otia ' and ' E. E. Moll.' as from * N.
Zealand ' and an unknown locality, are really from Puget Sound.
Otia, Page.
66, 245. Trochus pupillus, Gld., March 1849: N. Zealand (Ziziphinus in Index) : =
Margarita calostoma, A. Ad., 1851. Comp. T. modesius, Midd. [which
is, however, =ligatus, Gld., = costatits, Mart. This species is named in
the B. M. Col. " M. costellata, Sby.," but is distinct, teste A. Ad. &
Mus. Cum.].
64,245. Fusus (Neptunad) incisus, Gld., May 1849. Hab. ?— [=Tritonium
(Fusus) Sitchense, Midd., 184Q,=£uccinum dirum, Rve., 1846.]
B. A. Eep.
Page.
210. Venus calcarea [is correctly described by Dr. G. as from N. Zealand;
although quoted by him as the Oregon analogue of V. mercenaria],
211. Tellina Callfornica, Conr. [ = J/«cowa inconspicua].
211. Triton fiyrinum [is from Central America, not] Puget Sd.
211. Pectcn Fabricii, Phil, [is the young of Islundicm : Dr. G.'s shells are the
young of P. ("ruJridus, ?var.") Hindsii].
211. Fusus cancellinus. [Dr. G.'s shells are Ocinebra, var. asperaJ]
212. Purpura lagena, Gld. [MS., is probably saxicola, var.].
213. Pecten Townsendi [has not been identified],
213. Venus ampliata [is believed by Dr. G. to have been first designated by him
as a species, afterwards proved = riyida (Petitii), var.].
44. Middendorff. — The synonymy given in Hep. pp. 214-222 is that of
the author, not of the writer of the Report, who is by no means prepared to
accept the learned doctor's identification of species. The three Chitons quoted
with doubt from Tilesius have not been confirmed, as from Kamtschatka, by
any other writer. The Ch. giganteus has the aspect of the large Ischnoclriton
Magdalensis ; the Oh. muricatus belongs to the LopTiyrus group, which is not
known so far north ; and the Ch. setosus has also a S. American aspect. The
treatise " De Chitone Giganteo Camtschatico additamentum ad Zoographium
llosso-Asiaticum, auctore Tilesio," was read March 19, 1823, and publi.-Ouvl
in 1824. It contains a very valuable and (for that period) remarkable account
of the anatomy of Chitons, but it does not profess to name and describe species
in the modern sense. The names, therefore, had better be dropped. Midden-
dorfFs new species were first described in the ' Bulletin de la Classe Physico-
3Iathematique de 1'Acade'mie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbonrg,' a
work of which few complete copies are known in England, under the follow-
ing dates.
April -20,, 1847: roL vi. No. 8 (total number 128).
18
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 533
Column.
116. Chiton Stelleri, n. s.,= C. amiculatus, Sbyv Rve., non Pallas.
117. Chiton Pallasii, n. s.
117. Chiton Brandtii, u. s.
118. Chiton Mertcnsii, n. s.
118. Cliiton Eschscholtzii, n. s.
1 19. Chiton Wosnessenskii, n. s. [A typical Mopalia : mantle indented behind.]
120. Chiton Merckii, n. s. [=C7t. ligtwsus, Gld., July 1846:= Mopalia Monterey en-
sis, Cpr.].
120. Chiton limdus, n. s.
121. Chiton scrobiculatus, n. s., California.
121. Chiton Sitchensis, n. s.
Nov. 1847 (read April 28) : vol. vi. No. 20 (total number 140).
317. Patella (?Acma>a) ancyloides, n. s. [Probably a delicately grown young patina :
the diagnosis, however, suits textilis. Name afterwards altered to per-
sonoides, to distinguish from Propilidium ancyloide, Fbs.]
318. Patella (?Acmcea) ceruginosa, n. s. [Probably =textilis, Gld., 1846; but the
figure is more like scabra, Nutt.]
318. Patella (? AcmeeaJpHeolus, n. s. [Probably the young of A. pelta ; but assigned
in Mus. Cum. to a very different shell, =A. rosacea, Cpr.]
318. Patella (?Acmeea) Asmi, n. s. [A specimen of A. pelta, in Dr. Cooper's col-
lection, began life as A. Asmi.]
319. Patella (?Acm(ca) cceca; genuina, vertice erecto, Atlantic.
319. Patella (?Acnuea) cceca, var. concentrica j vertice subinflexo ; with crowded
lamellae of growth.
1849 ; read Oct. 6, 1848 : vol. vii. No. 160. " Vorlaufige Anzeige einiger neuer
Konchylien aus den Geschlechtern : Litorina, &c.; von Dr. A. Th. v. Middendorff."
241 no. 1. Litorina yrandis. [The specimens in B. M. and Mus. Cum. appear to
represent a large var. of L. litorea.~\
242 2. Litorina Kurila (like tenebrosa).
242 3. Litorina subtenebrosa. [Probably an extreme var. of L. Sitchana.~\
243 4. Tritonium (Fusus) antiqmtm, Lnv var. Behringiana.
243 5. Tritonium (Fusus) Behringii.
243 6. Tritonium (Fusus) Baerii.
244 7. Tritonium (Fusus) Sitchense [probably = Chr. dims, Rve., var. ; but stated
to be " e livido viridescente ; columella saepius umbilicata"].
244 8. Tritonium (Fusus) liiridum [= Vitularia aspera, Baird, smooth form].
244 9. Tritonium (Buccinum) simplex.
244 10. Tritonium (Buccinum) Ochotense.
245 11. Tritonium (Buccinum) undatum, Linn., var. Schantarica.
245 12. Tritonium (Buccimim) ooicles.
245 13. Bullia ampullacea [is the genus Volutharpa of Fischer].
246 15. Natica herculcca, North California [=L. Leivisii, Gld., July 1847],
246 16. Margarita arctica, Leach, var. major.
In the text of the 4to volumes, the following corrections are suggested, the
numbers referring to the page in the B. A. Report which contains the abstract.
Report, 215. Acmcsa scutum, D'Orb. [is quite distinct from A. persona, Esch. The
latter, as figured by Midd., is a very young shell, not certainly be-
longing to the species].
216. Turritella Eschrichtii. [=Bittium .filosum, Gld., May 1849. There
being no month-date to Midd.'s species, the excellent name of Gld.,
which may also be of Phil. 1848, should be retained.]
216. Trochus ater and maestus [are well-marked South American species.
Probably the shells intended are Chlorostoma Junebrale, A. Ad.,
and its congeners.]
216. Trochus eiiryomphalus [= Phorcus pulligo, Mart.,teste Dohrn].
216. Trochus modestus, Md. [==//o.sz«s,Wd., = Calliostoma costatum, Martyn].
216. Trochus (Turbo) Fokkesii [is from the peninsula of Lower Cal.].
216. Natica flava, Gld. [" is entirely different from any of the synonyms
under it," teste Gld.].
19
534 REPORT — 1863.
Aiepoit, 216. Scalaria Ochotensis [appears an aberrant Opalia; but is the genus
Adrsa of Mb'rch, closely allied to Mesalia, teste A. Ad.].
216. Crepidula Sitchana [is figured like the young of grandis ; but the
specimens in Mus. Cum., when compared with the similar stage of
C. excavata, display no differences either inside, outside, or in the
nuclear whorls].
216. Crcpidula minuta [appears the young of C. nacicelloides, Nutt.]
216. Crepidula grandis [fossil at Sta. Barbara, = C. princeps, Conr. Can
hardly be distinguished from very fine specimens of C. fornicuta,
sent from Halifax, Nova Scotia, by Mr. Willes].
217. Trichotropis cancellata, lids, [is quite distinct from T. borealis].
217. Pur pur a decemcostata, ~Midd.i=P.canaliculata, Duel. Var. = P. at"
tenuata, Rve. Var. = P. analoga, Fbs. ]
217. Tritonium (Trvphon) clathratum, Ln. [is distinct from the shouldered
M. midticostatus, Esch.,= Gunneri, jLov.].
217. Tritonium (Fusus) decemcostatum [=C%r. Middendorffii, Cooper =
Chr. liratus, Martyn.]
218. Tritonium (Buccinum} cancellation [Midd., non] Lam. [=Pn'ene
Oreyonensis, Redf. P. cancellata is the Cape Horn species. Some
specimens in alcohol in Sir E. Belcher's collection, however, said
to be from Icy Cape, greatly resemble the southern shell].
218. Tritonium (Poltia) scabrum [is exclusively a S. American shell. Dr.
M.'s shell may have been Ocinebra, var. asperd],
218. Pecten rubidus, Hds. [non Martyn, = P. Islandicus, Mull. Midd. 's pi . 13.
f. 1-3 are marked in expl. of plates " Islandicus, var. Behringiana ; "
they are probably (" rubidus, ?var.") Hindsii. But the figs. 4-6
are certainly the young of Hinnites giganteus~\.
219. Venerupis gigantea. [Decorticated specimens of Saxidomus sqitahd-m.~]
219. Petricola gibba. [Elongated form ofcylindmcea, Desh., = carditoides^oz J
219. Machcera costata. [The figures represent M. patula, Dixon.]
220. Cingida minuta [" is quite distinct from Hydrobia ulvce" teste Gld.].
220. Velutina cryptospira. [Probably a LamellariaJ]
220. Purpura Freycinettii, Desh. [is quite distinct from attenuata, Rve. It
is doubtful whether Midd.'s shells belong to Desh.'s species].
221. Terebratula frontahs, Midd. 1851, named in 1849, [may be the young
of Waldheimia Coreanica, Ad. & Rve., 1850, = Terebratella miniata,
Gld., 1860, teste A. Ad., Rve.].
221. Astarte lactea, Gld. [is distinct from A. Scotica, teste Gld.].
221. Tellina fusca, Say [is distinct from T. solidula, though it may= T. bal-
thica ; teste Gld. Macoma inconspicua, Br. & Sby., is distinct from
both].
222. Lyonsia hyalina [is distinct from L. Norvegica'].
222. Machcera costata, Say. [Dr. Gould does not believe that any of Midd.'s
synonyms belong to this species. Solcn medius, in Br. Mus., appears
^= S. ambiguus, Lam., as figured by Swains. It is not a MachteraJ]
45. Samarang. — Litorina castanea, Ad. & Eve., 1850. " Eastern Seas,"
p. 49, pi. 11. f. 8 [appears identical with L. Sitchana, Phil.].
46. E. B. Philippi. — Columbella tceniata, Phil., 1846 [is probably identical
with Anachis Gaskoinei, Cpr. But C. tceniata, Ad. & Rve., 1850, is perhaps
a Nitidella'].
47. The " Mexican War Naturalists." — These were Major Rich and Lieu.}.
Green. Col. E. Jewett was not connected with the war, as would be supposed
from the introduction to Dr. Gould's pamphlet. The following corrections
apply to the new species tabulated in Rep., pp. 226-228. The species of Gould
bear date April 1852 (tesie Otia, p. 184) and Nov. 1851 (Otia, p. 210) ; the
others, July 1856.
No.
3. Corbula poly chroma [=C. biradiata, var.].
7. Tettina lersa \ = Macoma nasuta, jun. CaL, not Pan.],
20
ON MOLLUSCA OP THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 535
No.
8. Tellina pura [=3f. Mazatlanica, jun. Desh., Mus. Cum.].
11. Donax Jlexuosus [=_D. Lamarckn, Desh., in B. M.].
13. Gnathodon mendicus [=6r. trigonum, Pet., May 1853].
15. Eaeta undulata [is distinct from Harrella elegans].
20. Cardium luteolabrum \_—C. quadragenarium, Conr.].
21. Cardium cruentatum \_ = Liocardium substriatum, Conr.].
27. Modiola nitens [ = M. subpurpureus, Mus. Cum., and is not fromCal.].
28. Adula falcata. [The locality of Mr. Cuming's specimens has not been con-
firmed. For "species," in note, read "specimens."]
31. Lima tetrica. [The specimens from the Mediterranean, VV. Indies, Gulf Cal.;
and Pacific Islands were all named L. squamosa by Mr. Cuming.]
33. Bulimus vesicalis (nom. preoc.) = B. suffiatus, ' Otia,' p. 184.
40. Nacdla paleacea. [Col. Jewett's specimens appear distinct from N. depicta}Hds.^\
41. Troclius marcidus. [This shell was called Omphalius Pfeifferi by Mr. Cuming,
from the resemblance of the figure, in which the umbilicus appears keeled ;
but the shell marked 'type/ answering to the diagnosis, along with l Chloro-
stoma' maculosum, A. Ad., are scarcely varieties of Phorcus pidligo, Marty n.
The finest series is in the B. M.]
43. Livona picoides [has been heard of, but not seen since the explorations of Col. J.
Dr. Gld. still considers the species distinct : among the very dissimilar varieties
from the W. Indies (vide suite in B. M.) it would probably not have been
singled out as a species, but for the theory of the author].
45. Crucibidum Jewettii [should be cvrrugatum, P. Z. S.].
47. Modulus dorsuosus. [Col. J. now thinks that the supposed Acapulco specimens
are W. Indian, —lenticularis, Chem. When dead, the forms from the two
oceans can hardly be distinguished ; but the aspect of his shells is Caribbeean.]
54. Conus ravus [= C." Calif ornicus, H'ds.].
56. Conus pusillus, Gld. [non Chem. —nux, small var., teste Cuming].
57. Obeliscus achates [_ = O. clavuhis, A. Ad., 1854].
65. Columbetta Sta.-Uarbarmsis [so named to correct the statement that California
was above the limit of the genus, proves to be a Mexican shell, and was
probably obtained at Acapulco. Having been redescribed by Reeve from
perfect specimens, it may stand as C. Reevei].
66. Nitidella Goiddii. [Not to be confounded with Col. Gouldiana, Agass., which
is probably Amycla.^
67. Fusus ambustus [is a Californian species. The type stands in Mus. Cum. as
F.fragosus, Rve., but does not answer to the diagnosis. The typical fragosus
is marked fragosus, var. F. ambustus appears absolutely identical with jP.
clavatus, Brocc'hi, Mediterranean. Some of the diagnostic marks are not con-
stant in the specimens],
Col. Jewett went to Panama, as a private collector, in January 1849,
spending ten weeks in that region, including Taboga. This was two years
before Prof. Adams's explorations. Thence he sailed to San Francisco,
where he spent four months in exploring the shore for about 50 miles
from the head of the bay. After labouring for a week at Monterey, he
spent ten weeks at Sta. Barbara and the neighbourhood, thoroughly exploring
the coast for fifteen miles as far as Sta. Bonadventura. It was here, at the
" Rincon," after a violent southern storm, that he obtained the specimens of
Livona picoides, as well as many other rare species that have not been obtained
by any other explorer. " The storm tore up the kelp to such a degree that
it formed a bank for many miles on the beach, from 10 to 20 feet broad, and
at least 4 feet deep. Many of the plants were more than 60 feet long and 5
inches in diameter, having the appearance of vast cables." Before his return
to the east, he also collected at Mazatlan (wherd0 he obtained some species
not included in the B. M. Catalogue) and at Acapulco. There can be no
doubt of the accuracy of the Colonel's observations at the time they were
made. Unsurpassed in America as a field-paktoutologist. possessed of accurate
21
536 REPORT— 18G3.
discrimination, abundant carefulness, and unwearied diligence and patience,
no one was better fitted to collect materials for a scientific survey of the coast.
13 ut, unfortunately for his (as for the Nuttallian) shells,he did not describe them
at the time himself. They were subjected to all the derangements caused by
frequent changes of residence, and transmission to various naturalists for
identification. As we know what errors creep into the collections of the
most learned under such circumstances, it is not surprising that they should
now have lost much of their geographical value. After several days spent
in a very searching elimination of the west-coast shells from his general col-
lection, I was driven to the conclusion that several labels had become mis-
placed. This was so clearly the case as to certain N. England and W. Indian
species interchanged with Pacific specimens, that it might also affect (e. y.)
Sta. Barbara and Panama specimens as compared with each other. The kelp
driven up by the great storm may have travelled from remote localities ; which
will account for tropical shells having been found at Sta. Barbara, as W.
Indians occasionally are even on our own shores. It is possible also, as the
Californian seas have as yet been but little dredged, that deep-water species
live there which as yet are known only in the tropical province. Already
some Gulf species have been thus obtained at Stpi Diego and Catalina Island
by Dr. Cooper, just as Mr. M'Andrew dredged Mediterranean species on the
coast of Norway. But facts of such importance should rest on better evidence
than chance shells picked on a beach, and subjected to dangers of altered
labels afterwards. What was regarded by Dr. Gould as of authority is cata-
logued, according to his determinations of species, on pp. 226-231 of the first
Report. The following is a list of the species which I found in the collection3,
divided simply into the temperate and the tropical faunas.
Species of the Temperate Fauna, collected ly Col. Jewett £.
Pholadidea penifa, ovoidea.
Saxicava pholadis.
Schizotheirus Nuttallii.
Cryptomya Californica.
Lyonsia Californica.
Solen Psicarius, var. rosaceus *f.
Machaera patula.
Solecurtus Californianus, subteres.
Macoma nasuta, secta.
Lutricola alt a.
Semele decisa, rubrolineata.
Donax Californicus, flexuosus*.
Standella PCalifornica.
Trigona crassatelloides.
Psephis tantilla*.
Amiantis callosa.
Chione succincta, fluctifraga, simillima.
Tapes staminea, tenerrima*.
Saxidonms squalidus.
Petricola carditoides.
Rupellaria lamellifera.
Lazaria siibquadrata*f.
Chama pellucida.
Lucina Californica.
Diplodonta orbella.
Mytilus Californianus, edulis.
Modiola modiolus, recta, fornicate *f«
Leda caelata.
Pecten hastatus, latiauvitus, (Pventrico-
sus, var.) jequisulcatus*t, squairo-
sus*t, paucicostatus*f.
Amusium caurinuni, jun.
Hinnites giganteus.
Bulla nebulosa.
" Tliis collection belongs to his daughter, Mrs. Boyce, of Utica, N.Y. The Coloncl'3
invaluable collection of U. S. Palaeozoic fossils (probably the largest made by any indivi-
dual's own hand) may be consulted at the State Museum in Albany, and will probably
find its ultimate destination at one of the principal colleges. A large number of the
fossils described by Prof. Hall were from this collection, though often without acknow-
ledgment. Only a small proportion of the types of the celebrated ' Paleeontology ' are
to be found in the State Collection, which was subjected to disastrous and very extensive
curtailment before Col. J. entered on his present duties as curator.
* These species and marked varieties were first found by Col. J.
t Of these forms, either not seen or not distinguished by Dr. Gould, the diagnoses arc
written, and will probably be found in one of the scientific periodicals for 1864.
J Unless otherwise stated in the list, Keport, pp. 228-231, it may be presumed that
these species were from the neighbourhood of Sta. Barbara.
22
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
537
Tornatina cerealis*, culcitella *.
Cylichna (Fcylindracea, var.) attonsa*f.
Vol vula cylindrical-
Cryptochiton Stelleri.
Mopalia muscosa.
Nacella incessa, paleacea*.
Acmaea patina, pelta, persona, scabra,
spectrum, Asmi.
Scurria mitra.
Fissurella volcano.
Glyphis densiclathrata.
HaliotisCracherodii,rufescens,splendens.
Phasianella(?compta,var3.)punctulata*t,
pulloides*t, elatior*f.
Pomaulax undosus.
Trochiscus Norrisii, convexus*f.
Calliostoma canaliculatum, costatuin.
Li von a picoides *.
Homaloporaa sanguineum.
Chlorostoma funebrale, Pfeifferi.
Crucibukmi spinosum.
Crepidula adunea, dorsata, rugosa.
Hipp onyx tumens *f.
Serpulorbis squami gents.
Eittium esiiriens*f, fastigiatum*t.
Cerithidea sacrata.
Litorina planaxis, scutellata.
Amphithalamus inclusus *f.
Lacuna unifasciata *.
Hadius variabilis.
Luponia spadicea : Trivia Califoraica.
Erato columbella, vitellina.
Drillia inermis, moesta *f .
Daphnella filosa*f.
Mangelia variegata*f; angulata*f.
Myurella simplex *f.
Conns Californicus.
Odostomia gravida*, inflata*f.
Chenmitzia tenuicula *, torquata * (et
?var. stylina *t), virgo *f, aurantia *f,
crebrifilata *f, tridentata *f.
Dunkeria laminata *f.
Eulima Thersites *f.
Opalia bullata *f.
Lunatia Lewisii.
Cerithiopsis ? tuberculata, fortior *f,
purpnrea *t.
Marginella Jewettii *, Ppolita, regu]a-
ris *f, subtrigona*f.
(Volvarina varia, serrata; perhaps im-
ported, or label changed.)
Olivella biplicata, bseticaf [=petiolita,
Gld.,-f anazora, Gld., MS. (non Duel.)
= rufifasciata, teste Cum., by error],
Purpura crispata, saxicola.
Nitidella Gouldii *.
Ocinebra Poulsoni.
Pteronotus festivua.
Columbella carinata, Hindsii.
Amycla ? Californiana, gaueapata, tube-
rosa *f.
Nassa perpinguis, mendica.
PAnachis penicillata *f.
Siphonalia fuscotincta *f.
Species of the Tropical Fauna, collected by Col. Jewett
Pholas crucigera [=lanceolata].
Dactylina laqueata.
Corbula bicarinata, biradiata, nasuta,
tennis, ovulata §, nuciformis §.
Sanguinolaria miniata *§.
Psammobia casta.
Telliria felix, puella *, punicea, " ru-
bella."
Heterodonax bimaculatug etvars. §.
Strigilla carnaria (white and red vars.)§
pisiformis§, sincera.
Seniele pulchra §, venusta §.
Iphigema altior.
Douax transversus, navicula, gracilis,
carinatus, rostratus §, punctatostria-
tus §, v. caelatus §. assimilis.
Mulinia augulata.
Harvella elegans.
Trigona planulata ||, Hindsii §.
Dccinia l)uukeri.
Callista aurantia, chionaea, circinata §,
tortuosa, lupinaria)), ro.sea||, v. puella§.
Chione amathusia, suoillata, neglecta. *
Anomalocardia subimbricnta, subrugosa.
Tapes grata, -f-vars. discors, fuscolineata.
Petricola pholadiformis, var.
Cras^atella gibbosa.
Venericardia laticostata, radiata.
Lazaria affinis.
Chama frondosa, spinosa.
Cardium consors §, senticosum, proce-
rum, obovale.
Hemicardiumbiangulatnm §, graniferum.
Liocardium apicinnm §.
Codakia tigerrina ||5|.
Lucina eburnea §, excavata §, pectinata.
Felania tellinoides §, var.
Modiola Brasiliensis, capax.
Lithophagus aristatus.
Area grandis, tuberculosa.
* Unless otherwise specified, either by §, |), or locality-marks in Kep. pf>. 228-231,
these species may be presumed to have come from the Panama district.
The&e species were probably from Acapulco.
Probably from Mazatlan.
Another specimen, 3'78 iru across, is marked " Sta. Barbara " oa the shell,
23
538
REPORT 18G3.
Scapliarca bifrons *, emarginata, labiata,
nux.
Noetia reversa.
Bjssoarca Pacifica, mutabilis.
Barbatia alternata, aviculoides, gTadata,
illota, solida.
Pectunculus inaequalis, maculatus, par-
cipictus §, Ppectinoides §.
Leda Elenensis, polita.
Pinna maura, tuberculosa.
Avieula sterna.
Bryophila setosa *.
Isognomon Chemnitzianum.
Pecten ventricosus, subnodosus §.
Lima angulata §.
Spondylus calcifer.
Ostrea palmula.
Anomia lampe.
Bulla Adamsi, Quoyi §.
Siphonaria gigas, lecanium§ et vara.
maura, palmata §.
Patella Mexieana.
Acmaea mesoleuea, mitella, vernicosa.
Fissurella riigosa, nigropunctata, ?ina-
erotrema $.
Gh'phis ina3C[iialis, alta.
Phasianella perforata.
CaUopoma saxOvSiim.
Senectus squamigerus §.
Uvranilla inermis.
Calliostoma lima, Leanum f .
Tegula pellis-serpentis.
Oni phallus Panamensis, corooulatus *,
Nerita Bernhardi, scabricosta.
Neritina picta, Gnavaquilensis, Interme-
dia [" =globoea, '&VL"].
Crucibulum imbricatum, spinosum, um-
brella, radiatum, pectinatum *, corru-
gatum *.
Galerus conicus, mamillaris.
Crepidula aculeata §, excavata, incitrva.
Hipponyx barbatus, Grayanua.
Aletes centiquadrus.
Vermetus eburneus.
Bivonia contorta, albida.
Petaloeonchus macrophragma.
Turritella goniostoma.
Cerithium maculosum, uncinatum, me-
diolaeve, intemiptum, alboliratum.
Rhinoclavis gelnmata.
Cerithidea Montagnei, varicosa.
Litorina aspera, conspersa, Philippii.
Modulus eatenulatus, Pdisculus.
Rissoina firmata*, fortis*, exp?msa*fjf,
stricta §; Janus *, Woodwardii i(.
Planaxis mgritella, planicostata.
Hadius avena §, similis.
Carinea emarginata, jun.
Aricia punctulata.
TrivLa pustulata, puila, Pacifica§.
Erato scabriuscula §, MaTigen'a?.
Strombus galeatus, gracilior, granulatns*
Terebra robusta.
Euryta fulgurata, aciculata §.
Pleurotoma funiculata.
Drillia albovallosa, aterrima, Pexarata §f
incrassata, nigerrima, rudis, bexagona,
Pgracillima, var.
Mangelia subdiaphana §, hamata*tr
eerea*t, Ppulcliella.
Cithara stromboides§ [? =triticea;Kien.].
Daphnella casta §.
Conns gladiator, mahogani, nux, purpiv-
rascens, regularis.
Solarium granulatum,
Torinia variegata.
Obeliscus achates *|f.
Chemnitzia caelata*f.
Scalaria llind.-ii *.
Alora Gouldii *.
Cancellaria bulbulus, claratula, deeus-
sata; goniostoma, tessellata, mitrifor-
mis.
Natica marocoana et vars., Souleyetiana,
zonaria §, catenata §.
Polinices oti^^ uber.
Nevcrita patula ^.
Ficula ventricosa.
Malea ringeas.
Bezoardica abbreviata.
Levenia coarctata.
Persona ridens [? = ] constrictus*
Triton lignarius, tigrinus, ? pileare, jun.
Priene nodosa.
Ptanella caelata, nitida, triquetra, pyra-
midalis [like anceps and producta,
Bye.].
Fasciolaria granosa, tulipa, jun. [Pirn-
ported].
Latirus castaneus, ceratus, rudis, tuber-
culatns.
I^eucozonia cin^ulata.
Mitr-a lens, tuniculata, nucleola.
Strigatella tristis.
Lyri'd harpa.
Marfrinella eferuleseens, polita (?§).
Persicula imbricate §.
Volvarinatriticea §, varia§, serrata§, fus-
ea § [some of these are assigned to Sta.
Barbara. West Indian specimens may
have been intermixed: vide Cape St.
Lucas list, infrii].
Oliva angulata,' porphyria.
OliTella anazora, gracilis §, ineonspicua,
semistriata, tergina, volutella, zonalis,
Zanoeti.
Agaronia testacea.
Harpa crenata.
Purpura biserialis, melo, patula, triangu-
laris, triserialis.
Cuina tecta^ kiosquifonnia.
24
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
539
Pyrula patula.
Engina Reeviana, crocostoma.
Anachis Californica .*§, coronata, costel-
lata, fluctuata, lyrata, nigricans, parva,
pygmaea, diminuta #, rugosa, varia.
Strombina bicanalifera, gibberula, re-
eurva.
Pisania gemmata, insignia, pagodus,
ringens, sanguinolenta.
Northia pristis.
Clavella distort*.
Murex recurvirostris, [?=] nigrescens
dubia, vibex, "pin-
Bhizocheilus mix.
Vitularia salebrosa.
Ocinebra erinaceoides.
Monoceros brevidentatum.
Sistrum carbonarium §.
Nitidella cribraria.
Columbella festiva, fuscata, labiosa,
major, Reevei*§, imcinata§, Pmille-
pimctata, var.§
Conella coniformis.
Truncaria modesta.
Nassa collaria*, corpulenta, crebristri-
ata, luteostoma, pagodus, scabrius-
cula, tegula, versicolor, complanata, Muricidea alveata*
Stimpsoniana *, nodicincta. niger,
Phos gaudens.
This list, of about 133 species from the northern and 328 from the
southern fauna (nearly twice as large as that sent by Dr. Gould and printed
in the first Report, and yet not containing several species there quoted), is an
instructive instance of what may be accomplished in about three-quarters of
a year, simply by picking up shore-shells. It contains about 48 species in
the northern and 22 in the southern faunas not previously described.
Besides the recent shells, Col. Jewett brought home a very interesting
series of Pliocene fossils from the neighbourhood of Sta. Barbara. Almost all
of them are species known to inhabit neighbouring seas, and are chiefly
northern forms. Of some no recent specimens have yet been found in such
perfect condition. The following is a list of the species, which is of the more
value as they have not been intermixed with those of any other locality, and
the spot does not seem to have been discovered by any succeeding geological
explorer. It was two miles from the coast, and 150 feet high.
Schizotheirus Nuttallii.
Mactra planulata.
Chione succincta *.
Pachydesma crassatelloides.
Psephis tantilla, Psalmonea.
Rupellaria lamellifera.
Cardium graniferum *.
Venericardia v. ventricosa f.
Lucina Californica.
Pecten floridus *.
Hinnites giganteus.
Planorbis, sp.
Calliostoma costatum.
Margarita pupilla f.
Omphalius aureotinctus.
Gal eras fastigiatus f.
Crepidula grandisf [^k?^
Com:, 3-5 inches long].
Crepidula adunca.
,, navicelloides.
Tumtella Jewettii, n. s.
Bittium rugatum, n. s.
„ armillatum; n. s.
„ filosum f.
Lacuna solidula f.
* These species are of a southern type,
t These forms rank with the northern
fauna.
Chrysallida, sp.*
Opalia (Pcrenatoides, var.) insculpta*,
n. s.
Lunatia Lewisii.
Natica clausa f.
Priene Oregonensis f.
Olivella biplicata.
Columbella carinata.
Amycla gausapata.
„ tuberosa, n. s.
PTruncaria corrugata.
Nassa fossata.
„ mendica.
Purpura crispata.
Ocinebra lurida.
Trophon tenuisculptus f , ?n. s. [may
prove identical with T. Jimbriatula,
A. Ad., Japan].
Trophon Orpheus f.
Fusus ambustus.
Pisania fortis *, n. s.
Chrysodomus carinatus f, Brit. Mua.
[probably = despectus, var. ] .
Chrysodomus tabulatus, jun.f, n. s.
.. dims f.
series. Tlie rest belong to the present Californian
25
540
REPORT 1863.
The following fossils were also col-
lected by Col. Jewett : —
Purpura crispata I San Francisco, 160 ft.
„ ostrina ( above the Bay.
Tellina congesta, Conr. Monterey.
Scalaria : can scarcely be distinguished
from planicosttita, Kien., in Brit. Mus.
(?=Gr(Klandica) : Panama,
The collections of Major Rich, having been tabulated by Dr. Gould simply
as from Upper or Lower California, I had expected to find of but little geo-
graphical value. They proved, however, to be of peculiar interest. Major
Rich had been one of the naturalists in the U. S. Expl. Exp., and his warlike
occupations did not prevent his remaining long enough at particular stations
to pay close attention to the Molluscs. His forte lay in procuring shells in
the best possible condition ; and a study of them was very serviceable in
explaining the dead shore-shells usually obtained from other sources. For-
tunately, he was quite aware of the importance of geographical accuracy, and
arranged those obtained at different places in separate drawers. The " Upper
Californian " collections were made at Monterey, San Francisco, San Diego,
and San Pedro ; the " Lower Californian," in the Gulf, principally at La
Paz, partly at San Jose and Mazatlan. At the latter place he met M.
Reigen, who had filled his house with decomposing molluscs to such an ex-
tent as to induce the neighbours to have recourse to the police. From him he
obtained many species not in the Brit. Mus. Cat., and probably sent to Europe
in the Havre collection. Major Rich's beautiful series may be consulted at
his residence, opposite the British Legation, Washington, D. C. ; and are
designed ultimately for one of the public museums in the neighbourhood.
The following is a list of the species : —
Shells collected by Major Rich, from the Californian Fauna.
Pholadidea ovoidea 1 2.
Parapholas Californica l. (The young is
very acuminate, with imbricated cups,
as in P. calva.)
Netastoma Danvinii x.
Saxicava pholadis l 3.
Platyodon cancellatus 4.
Schizotheirus Nuttalli 4.
Cryptomya California l.
Thracia curta *.
Lyonsia Californica *.
Mytilimeria Nuttalli l. (Very fine, with
ossicle.)
Solen sicarius 3.
Macha3ra patula l.
Solecurtus Californianus 8.
Sanguinolaria Nuttalli 4.
Psammobia rubroradiata l.
Macoma nasuta x, secta l *.
Scrobicularia alta 4.
Semele decisa l.
Cumingja Californica l-
Donax Californicus T.
Mactra Californica 1.
Pachydesma crassatelloides l *.
Amiantis callosa 4.
Chione succincta 4.
Tapes staminea et vars. 1 2 4, lacini-
ata 1 *.
Petricola carditoides l.
Rupellaria lamellifera l,
Chama Buddiana 4.
Cardium Nuttalli 4.
Lucina Califomica *.
Diplodonta orbella 4.
Kellia Laperousii \
Mytilus Californianus1, edulis1, v.glome-
ratus *4.
Septifer bifurcatus1*.
Modiola modiolus l.
Lithophagus attenuatus l.
Adula falcata1*.
Pecten v. requisulcatus 4, monotimeris 4.
Hinnites giganteus l.
Placunanomia macroschisma l.
Bulla nebulosa4.
Katherina tun* ata l.
Mopalia muscosa l, Hindsii l.
Nacella incessa 2.
Acmcea persona a, pelta 2, spectrum2, sea-
bra 2, et var. limatula f2.
Lottia gigantea a.
Scurria mitra 2.
Fissurella oraata 4 2.
1 Monterey. Fresh specimens of seven species from the southern fauna were also
obtained at Monterey, probably from commerce.
- San Diego. 3 San Francisco.
* These species were flrsfc found by Major Rich.
26
4 Uear San Pedro.
ON MOLLUSCA 07 THE IVEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
541
Glyphis densiclathrata 2.
Lucapiaa crenulata l (one spec. Catalina
Is.).
Haliotia rufescens l 4, Craclierodii l 4,
Kamtscliatkana l 4.
Pomaulax undosus4.
Trochiscus Norrisii 2 (and Catalina Is.).
Calliostoma canaliculatum 1, annula-
tum l, costatum l.
Oniphalius fuscescens4.
Clilorostoma funebrale *, brunneum J,
Pfeitferi *.
Crucibulum spinosum 2.
Crepidula rugosa -, adunca -, explanata a.
Hipponyx Pantiquatus2, Ftumens1.
Serpulorbis squamigerus 2.
Spiroo-lyphus iituella * *.
Litorina planaxis *.
Trivia Californica l.
Conns Californicus 4.
Eanella Californica4.
(Xivella biplicata *, baetica *.
Purpura, vars. ostrina l, emarginata l.
Cerostoma Nuttalli4.
Nassa mendica 1) perpingius *, fossata4.
Helix, three sp.
Shells collected ~by Major Rich, near La Paz (west shore of the Gulf of CaL),
(Tliracia) Cyathodonta plicata.
Sanguinolana miniata.
Tellina Cumingii.
Strigilla carnaria.
Heterodouax bimacnlatus.
Iphigenia altior.
Donax navicula, punctato-str., rostratus.
Standella fragilis (common).
Mulinia angulata.
Trigona argentina, radiata, planulata.
Dosinia ponderosa.
Callista concinna, cliionaea.
Chione succincta, amathusia, gnidia,
pulicaria, var.
Anoraalocardia subimbricata.
Tapes grata, histrionica.
Lazaria Californica.
Chama spinosa, producta, corrugata.
Cardium censors, biangulatum.
Liocardium elatum.
Codakia tigerrina (two fine specimens).
Cyrena olivacea, Mexic&^ia.
Anodonta glauca.
Mytilus multiformis.
Modiola capax.
Area multicostata.
Barbatia Heeviana, solida.
Pectuncnlus giganteus.
Pinna rugosa.
Margaritophora fimbriata.
Isognornon Chemnitzianum.
Pecten ventricosus, subnodosus.
Lima tetrica *.
Janira dentata.
Ostrea amara (Maz. Cat. 215. Is. Cres-
tona, entrance of Gulf), Virginica
(more pearly than the Atlantic shells,
teste Rich).
Anemia lampe.
Bulimus sufflatus *, excelsus *, pallidior.
Physa elata *, aurantia.
Patella Mexicana.
Acmaea atrata, mesoleuca.
Fissurella rugosa, virescena.
Glyphis alta, inteq^ualis.
Haliotis splendens (three fresh specimens
from a resident at San Jose).
Callopoma fluctuosuin.
CJvauilla olivacea.
Oniphalius rugosus, coronulatus.
Nerita scabricosta, Bernhardi.
Neritina picta.
Crucibulum spinosum, imbricatum, pec-
tinatum, umbrella.
Galerus mamillaris, conicus.
Crepidula aculeata, onyx, nivea, ungui-
formis, arenata.
Hipponyx Grayanus, serratus, anti-
quatus.
Aletes centiquadrus.
Spiroglyphus Iituella (on Cr. umbrella).
Turritella goniostoma, tigrina.
Cerithium maculosum,stercus muscarum.
Cerithidea Montagnei.
Litorina fasciata, conspersa.
Modulus catenulatus, disculus.
Cyprsea exanthema.
Aricia arabicula.
Luponia Sowerbii, albuginosa.
Trivia sanguinea, radians, Solandri, pus-
tulata, Pacifica.
Strombus granulatus, gracilior.
Euryta fulgurata.
Pleurotoma funiculata, maculosa.
Drillia Pinermis.
Conus puncticulatus, gladiator, purpu-
rascens, regularis, arcuatus, mix.
Solarium granulatum, v. quadriceps.
Cancellaria obesa, cassidiformis, solida,
goniostoma, Pcandida.
Natica maroccana, zonaria.
Polinices Kecluziaua, bifasciata, otis.
Neverita patula.
Sigaretus debilis.
Oniscia tuberculosa.
Levenia coarctata.
Bezoardica abbreviata.
Priene nodosa.
Turbinella caastus.
Fasciolaria princeps.
27
542 REPOUT— 1SG3.
Leucozonia cingulata.
Mitra lens.
Oliva porphyria, Melchersi, Cumingii,
subangulata.
Olivella tergina, gracilis, volutella (seve-
ral taken alive).
Agaronia testacea.
Purpura patula, biserialis, triangularis,
muricata, planospira J.
Nitidella cribraria.
Columbella fuscata, var.
Conella cedo-nulli.
Nassa luteostoma, scabriuscula, corpn-
lenta.
Pyrula patula.
Fusus Dupetithouarsii.
Siphonalia pallida.
Strombina (? new, deep water, San
Jose).
Pisania sanguinolenta, insignis.
Murex plicatus, recurvirostris.
Phyllonotus nigritus, brassica, princeps,
bicolor.
Muricidea dubia.
Lieut. Green having been obliged to pack up his collection and leave home
on professional duty, I was not able to make any critical examination of it,
Capt. Dupont also, of Delaware, was one of the " Mexican-war naturalists,"
and made a large collection of La Paz shells during his campaign ; but I had
no opportunity of seeing them.
Dr. Gould notes the following corrections in Lieut. Green's list, pp. 231-
234 :—
Semele flavicans should bejlarescens. \ Donax abruptm should be obesus.
50. Kellett and Wood. — The locality-marks, on further study, display still
greater inaccuracies.
Nassa Woodwardii, Fbs., Sandwich Islands [is the adolescent state of a very abun-
dant Vancouver and California!! shell, = & mendica, Gld.].
Nassa Cooperi, Fbs., Sandwich Islands. [The type is immature and in poor con-
dition; but it is a rare Californian species, since found by Dr. Cooper.]
Trochita spirata [has not been confirmed from Gulf Cal., but appears in Brit. Mus.
from St. Vincent, Cape Verd Is., on the excellent authority of Macgillivray, who
did not visit the West Coast. The Cumingian specimens were from K. and W. ;
but the "spirata, var.," from Magellan and Peru, are simply turrited forms of T.
radians].
Chlorostoma aureotincta [=(?. nigerrima (Gmel.), Mus. Cum.; but it is unlikely
that Gmelin knew the species. It is not quoted by Desh. (Lam. ix. 157) : but
the Trochus infauce nigcrrimus, Chemn. f. 1526, = T. melanostomus, Gmel., is a
Risetta.']
Margarita purpurata et Hillii [are South American shells].
Purpura analoga [is the rough irregular form of P. canaliculata=deccmcostata~}.
„ fuscata, Fbs. [of which one brown and one whitish specimen (immature)
are preserved in the Brit. Mus. as types, is the large, smooth, rather elevated var.
of saxicola. It belongs to the Vancouver district].
Purpura, like decem-costatus and Freycinetii [is the normal state of saxicola. The
banded smooth var. is named in Brit. Mus. "?7?«c. striatum, Martyn, Un.
Conch, no. 7," but does not agree with the figure].
Fuws Kellettii. [This Siphonalia, after long remaining unique in the Brit. Mus.
Col., has been twice confirmed from the San Diegan district by the Smithsonian
collectors. Dr. Cooper's living specimen is 6-25 in. long j and one specimen
was dredged by A. Ad. in the seas of South Japan.]
51. Iteiyen. — The type collection, presented to the Brit. Mus., contains
about 8900 specimens. The first duplicate series, containing about 6000
shells, was presented to the State of New York at the urgent request of
Dr.. Newcomb (well known for his researches in Achatinella, made during his
professional residence in the Sandwich Islands), and is arranged in the Albany
Museum. Three other typical series were prepared for the Museums of
Paris, Berlin, and St. Petersburg, and offered on the same terms, viz. that
they should be arranged by the author, and preserved intact for the free use
J Dead shells at La i'az j two fresh specimens in deep water from San Joie ; ditto,
Lieut. Green.
28
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 543
of students ; but the donations were severally declined by the respective
governments. They have since been offered to the Museums of Harvard
University, Cambridge, Mass. ; M'Gill University, Montreal, C. E. ; and the
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. ; and accepted on the same con-
ditions *. The writer of the Brit. Mus. Catalogue spared no pains in his
endeavours to verify the previously described species of Prof. C. B. Adams ;
yet a subsequent comparison of types has developed very unexpected coinci-
dences. Those who will take the trouble to compare the two diagnoses in the
synonyms now given will add one to the many proofs of the uncertainty of
the senses in observation, and the inaccuracy of language in description. The
following corrections and additions should be made to the list in the British
Association Eeport, pp. 243-264.
18. Parapholas acuminata is united to P. calva by Tryon, Mon. Phol.
23. The specimens obtained from Madagascar by Sir E. Belcher in the Voy. Sa-
marang appear absolutely idenlical.
24. Petricola robusta. The West Indian form of this species is the Choristodon
typicum of Jonas ; Mus. Cum.
35. Sphcenia fragilis is perhaps *S'. luticola, Val.
38. Solecurtus politus ? = S. Carpenteri, Dkr.
40. Should be Semele favescens, Old.
41. Semele ?venusta should be S. bicolor, C. B. Ad. Panama. C. S. Lucas.
46. Should be Sanc/uinolaria miniata, Gld., as in first Report.
48. Should be TelUna purpurea, Brod. & Sby., teste type in Mus. Hani.
49. = T. pur A, Gld., nom. prior.
54. Quite distinct from TelUna alternata, Say.
56. Tellina ?eburnea proves to be the type of a new generic form, probably
belonging to Kelliadce, viz. Cycladella papyracea. A perfect specimen, since
found, is in Mr. Hanley's collection.
65. Tellidora Burnett is not L. cristata : v. antea, p. 528.
66, =Strigilla fucata, Gld. (not miniata). Specimens received from different
stations on the Pacific Coast vary very greatly in colour and markings.
68. The fragment of " ??Psammobia " is perhaps part of a Lepas-vslve.
71 and 72. The names of these shells have been altered and re-altered in Mus.
Cuming, as will be seen by comparing Brit. Mus. Maz. Cat., p. 43, with the
note, p. 548, and with the present arrangement. Mr. Hanley states that
no. 72, D. culminatus, Cpr., is his true carinatus ; therefore 71, D. carinatus,
Cpr., and of most collections, must stand as D. rostratus, C. B. Ad., teste type-
valve in Mus. Amherst. The two species uniformly retain their dis-
tinctive characters.
78. Should be Mactrella exoleta= Lutraria ventricosa, Gld., from type.
81. Should be Gnathodm mendicus, Gld.
83. T. Hindsii is distinct, teste Hani.
85. T. argentata, Sby., 1835, = T. aquilatem, Desh., 1839.
92-99. The generic name should be Callista.
* A few of the duplicate sets having been sent in exchange to one of the principal
scientific dealers, he advertises a list of species in which he not merely alters the nomen-
clature, giving " Monoceros " cingulatum, " Pollia" insignis (with "Pisania" gemmatd),
" Trochus" olivaceus (with " Imperator" unguis), " Cerithiwn " montagui (for Cerithidea
Montagnei], Cytherea " dione" (for Dione lupinaria), "Astarte" DunJceri, " Cytherea"
Columbiensis, &c., but inserts Californian species (" ZizipMnus filosus" " Cardium
Nutali ") as though from the Gulf, and adds others not known at all in the West Coast
faunas, as " Columbella lamgata" " Patella plumbea," and " Chiton reticulata" All
these, with such shells as Olwa Cumingii, which belong to other regions on the Mexi-
can coast, would be accredited by the reader on the supposed authority of " Carpenter's
Catalogue." In these times it appears that naturalists must be content to resemble the
dealers in patent medicines, and guard the accuracy of their works ! With regard to the
Mazatlan collections (now scarce), none can be trusted unless they present an
seal, with the initials of the author.
29
5-14 REPORT— 1863.
98. CalKsta altemata has a very different aspect from the ordinary C. circinata ; but
several of the Pacific shells afHliate more naturally to the West ludianform.
regard
Circes. At this distance of time, a written locality-ticket would have had
more authority.
105. The hinge proves that this species is distinct from the true V. crenifera, Sby.
It has been named V. siigillata by live., Conch. Ic. sp. 43. It 'was also
brought by Kellett and Wood, and is allied to V. pulicaria.
110. Among the Panama varieties of this very variable species is Venus fuscolineata.
T. grata takes the place of the Californian T. staminea, which is sometimes
erroneously given as a synonym, and is not straminea, as often quoted.
116. It appears that Gouldia (Thetis, C. B. Ad., olim, non Sby. nee II. & A. Ad.) is
congeneric with " Circe" minima, not with the Astartids. Prof. Adams's
fresh specimens of his 6. Pacifica prove to have the Crassatelloid internal
ligament, and represent one of the many remarkable forms of that group.
117. Fresh specimens of G. variam, from Cape St. Lucas, have also the internal
ligament, and must rank under Crassatella until that genus has been naturally
divided.
118. Lazaria Calif ornica. A well-marked group of species from the West Coast.
121. The purple and orange specimens, here treated as the adolescent state of Chama
Mexicana, are certainly the Ch. echinata of collections, and may possibly
prove a distinct species. A large series sent from Socoro Is. by Mr. Xantus
confirms this view ; but all the specimens seen are decorticated or incrusted.
1216. This is the Chama Buddiana of C. B. Ad., and probably distinct.
134. The specimens of Cardium graniferum in Mus. Cam., from St. Thomas, W. I.,
appear exactly identical.
136. The specimens from the Pacific coast, some of which are of very large size,
have generally a red tinge round the inner margin ; as have also the Fiji
specimens brought by the U. S. Expl. Exp. In other respects they exactly
accord with the W. Indian. The Pacific shells are generally called C.
exasperata, Rve., a name first given to the rough Caribbean variety from
Honduras, &c.
137. Codakia punctata. This shell also, brought by the U. S. Expl. Exp. from the
Fiji Is., is found sparingly along the American shores, and has the same
coloured margin.
142. May possibly prove identical with L. bella, Conr., S. Diego.
150. The Lucina orbella of Gould, = Sphcerella tumida, Conr., MS., is the northern
form; uniformly larger and smoother than Diplodonta semiaspera. This
last is fully confirmed from both oceans.
152. " Felania" serricata appears congeneric with Miltlia, H. & A. Ad., = Mittreaf
Gray, the type of which (M. Childreni) is a Gulf species.
154. Lasea rubra* Mr. J. G. Jeffreys does not consider the Brit. Mus. specimen
identical with the British. The Mediterranean specimens are much more
unlike. A colony of fresh shells from & burrow at Cape St. Lucas, when
examined, under the microscope, side by side with Ilfracombe specimens, did
not present even varietal differences. The species also appears on the Cali-
fornian and Japan coasts. Similar and perhaps conspecitic forms are
found on most coasts : among them is Poronia Petitiana, Chen. Conch. 111.
p. 2, pi. 1. f. 2 ; Callao, not rare, Petit.
150, For this species, corbuloides, and other angular forms, the name Bornia may
be revived in a restricted sanse. (A. Ad.)
157, 158. Mr. A. Adams, who is about to make the Kelliads a special study, thinks
that these intermediate forms would rank better with Montacuta or TeUin.ya
166. This is almost certainly =Anodonta ylauca, Val.
168. Dr. D unker renamed this shell M. Adamsianus, P. Z. S. Nov. 1856.
177. The subgerius Aiula may be enlarged to include this and other nestling
?Lithopha(/i, which often adhere by byssus, like Modiola.
178. Liosolenus is quite distinct from Mijtilimeria, which appears simply an aber-
rant form of Lyonsia. Other " Lithophayi" probably rank with it.
30
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 545
180. Arcasemlis is fromW. Africa (not " E.Indies".): one of the many representative
species between the two West Coasts.
185. Noetia reversa, Gray.
7.86. Argina brcvifrons, Sby.
188. This is the young of Barbati* alternate*.
191-195 belong to the"^ group Barbatia.
193. =Barbatia Tabogensis, from type.
203. The young of this shell is Aiicula libella, Rve. Dr. Gould protests against
some of the interpretations here given to his views.
204. The W. American pearl-oyster should stand as M. jimbriata, Dkr. It has
been redescribed as M. barbata, Rve.
212. Dr. Gould protests against the Pacific shells being regarded as O. Virginica.
Mr. Hanley adheres to his original opinion. Fossils sent from the Sand-
wich Is. by Mr. Pease (0. Sandwichensis, Pse.) appear scarcely to differ.
2146. The O. palmula appears a distinct species.
215. This species is identical with O. no. 384 of C. B. Ad. It may take the name
of O, amara from its " bitter flavour."
224. Sulla Adamsi—B. punctulata, C. B. Ad., non A. Ad.
229. Haminea cymbiformis is closely allied to H. virescens, Sby.
239. Siphonaria lecanium. S. maura, Sby., is one of the varieties of this species.
The S. palmata may prove distinct. S. ferruginea, Rve., is probably de-
scribed from the intermediate form.
242. lanthina striulata. Name given in ignorance of striolata, Ad. and Rve. j and
not needed, teste Rve.
245. The Denialium hyalinum of Phil, is probably the young of D. semipolitum :
this species is distinct.
247. The Dent, pretiosum of Nutt. is a northern species j this is most likely D. lac-
teum, Phil.
248-250. This typical group of Chitonids retains the Linnean name in Dr. Gray's
arrangement ; and as he first pointed out the generic distinctions in the
family, his judgment is to be preferred.
252-254, 256. These species belong to Ischnochiton, Gray.
255. Lepidopleurus, Risso, has sculptured valves and scaly margin, and is probably
synonymous with Lophyms, H. and A. Ad. The name may be retained for
the "' Lophyroid " Ischnochiton here described, the peculiarities of which have
been confirmed by adult specimens in Mus. Cuming, and by other species.
257. Chiton, H. and A. A(L,=:Acanthoplettra (Guild.), Gray.
262. = Nacella pcltoides, n. s. (described from Cape St. Lucas specimens).
263. The true Lottia pintadina of Gld. (teste figured types) consists entirely of
varieties of A. patina.
265. The " large flat shell " referred-to is Tecturella grandis, Gray, Brit. Assoc. Rep.
1861, p. 137. Tecturella is preoccupied by Stimps. Gr. Manan Invert. It
being needful to divide the old genus Acmaa, Lottia may be used for this
section. By reviving synonyms as sectional names, when a genus is divided,
good names may be retained in a restricted sense, and the burden of a spu-
rious nomenclature lessened. The species is Lottia gigantea (Sby. Gen. j.
269. Scutellina navicelloides, Cpr.,= Crepidula osculans, C. B. Ad.
280. This should stand as Gadinia stellata, Sby., that name having been given to
the normal form, Rep. pi. 7. f. 3a, of which pentegoniostoma, f. 3/\| is only
an accidental variety.
282. Callopoma Fokkesii=;tessellatum, Rve., is the Lower Californian form, and
probably distinct.
28-1&. = Turbo phasianella, C. B. Ad., non Melaraphe phasianella, Phil.
289. The first name is T. eximius, Rve., P. Z. S. 1842, p. 185 ; Mke.'s shell bearing
date 1850. It appears identical with " Javanicus, Lam.," in Mus. Cum., and
is extremely like " speciosus, Japan." Trochus being now generally retained
for the Niloticus group, which contains the largest forms, it is best to revive
Swainson's excellent name Calliostoma for the " Ziziphinus "group. A specific
name should not be used for a genus, where a distinctive name has already
been accurately described,
1863.
546 REPORT— 1863.
290. Calliostoma M' Andrea is the normal state, of which C. Leanum is the pale
variety.
292. Mr. Pease considers that T. Byronianus represents a Polydonta from the Pacific
Islands.
313-316. The non-pearly Liotia are Conradia, A. Ad.
322, 323. Mr. A. Adams thinks that the " Eihalia " amplectam is probably the
young of " Teinostoma" a., as suggested in Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 253.
338. Crepidula adunca, Cpr. (non Sby.,=softVa. H.d.s., = rostrifonms, Gld.). The
tropical shell is C. uncata, Mke.~ = (7. rostrata, C. B. Ad'., Rye.
341. Should stand as C. squama : v. note on C. B. Ad. no. 351.
354. Vermetus eburneus, Rve.,= V. ?glomeratm, C. B. Ad., non Lam. The note to
Ccecum, Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 314, should read : — " Of a fourth group, Meioceras,
three species are known from the Caribbean Sea, one of which is fossil at
Grignon. The earliest Crecid is the Eocene genus Strebloceras." Vide
Mpn. Cfecidaj in P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 413-444.
387. Cerithimn irroratum, Gld. (teste type sp. in Mus. Smiths.), is a very distinct
East Indian species, = C. obesum, feby. sen.
388. This is not the C. interruptum of C. B. Ad., Sby., and Mus. Cum. (Jiodie),
which latter is the roughened form of C. stercus muscarum, Vol. C. Galla-
paginis is the rough form of C. interruptum, Mke.
389. Vertayus should be changed into Rhinoclavis, Swains. ; v. note to 289.
391-393. The genus Triforis should be removed to Cerithiopsidce. The true
lt Triforis" infrcquens of C. B. Ad. is a dextral shell, = Cerithiopsis tuber-
cidoides, no. 557. The shell here doubtfully affiliated is probably a variety
of T. inconspicuus.
398. Litorina Pliilippii=L, ?parwila, C. B. Ad., non Phil.,=Z. diibiosa, C. B. Ad.,
nom. prov.
399. = Litorina pullata, Cpr. ; described from Cape St. Lucas specimens.
409. Probably = Rissoina jirmata, C. B. Ad.,-f-K. scalariformis, C. B. Ad.
411. " Not a Barleeia" teste Jeffr. MS. It seems, however, too closely allied tc
-B. rubra to create afresh genus for it, unless the animal should display differ-
ences.
412, 413. Belong to Fenella, A. Ad.* F. excurvata=? Itissoa inconspicua, C. B. Ad.,
non Alder.
417. Fresh specimens prove this to be not a dead Hydrobia ulvce, but a Barlecia.
It appears on the Californian coast, as £. subtcnuis.
418, 421. Are very similar, and possibly conspecific forms of Cythna, A. Ad.
422. Is a Gemetta, teste A. Ad.
426, 427. Belong to Styliferina, A. Ad.
430 ct seq. Some of these forms may rank with Gottoina, A. Ad., and thus approach
Fossarus.
437. Luponia spurca. This shell is quite distinct from L. albuyinosa, to which it
was supposed to belong by Dr. Newcomb. It is probably a ballast specimen.
438. Quite distinct from the Panamic A. punctulata.
445, 446. Cancellariadfs should be removed to Proboscidifera, teste A. Ad.
450-452. Mr. Reeve unites all these species, with several others, to M. rariegata ;
which is certainly the easiest way of meeting the difficulty.
453. Myurella rufocinerea= T. rudis, Gray, teste Rve.
477. Conns reyalitatis-^ C. purpurascens, var. Most Cones vary in the same manner.
484. Torinia variegata. Mr. Hanley restores to this shell the uncomfortable name
of Chemn. (perspectiviuncida), and unites to it areola, Desh. A careful com-
parison with shells from the Pacific Islands (teste Pease's specimens) proves
them to be completely identical. The *' specific " names of Chemn., when
simply the second word of the diagnosis, can hardly claim precedence.
486. The genera in this family have lately been revised by Mr. A. Adams. A
large number of his Japanese groups are here represented. This species
* The generic names here given were assigned by Mr. A. Adams, who kindly examined
the figures of the minute Mazallan shells, all of which have been drawn under the micro-
scope.
32
i OX MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA, 5 i7
ngrees with Pi/rami'della, sp. ind., C. B. Ad., no. 293 (not 294), and may b*
quoted as Obeliscus AdamsiL
487, 488. Belong- to Evalea, A. Ad.
489. Is a Syrnola, A. Ad.
492. The peculiar appearance of the a.pex is due to decollation, as proved by the
discovery of an adolescent and several adult specimens. It -probably belongs
to Dinla, A. Ad., and= Cingula paupercula, C. B. Ad., no. 253.
498-500. Belong to Miralda, A. Ad. Parthenia quinquecinda = ? Cingula turrit nf
C. B. Ad.,4.jR&sa0 notabilis, C. B. Ad.
501, 502. Belong to Oscilla, A. Ad. Parthenia exarata^? Cingula terebeUum,C.ft.A<l.
503-506. The " Odostomoid C/irysallidee " probably rank best with Mumiola, A. Ad.
512. GhrysaMida ovulum=? Cingula inconspicua, C. B. Ad. ; non ?Rissoa inconspicua,
C. B. Ad. nee Alder.
513-515. Are Pyrgulina, teste A. Ad. The Japanese species, however, seem more
like Parthenia, no. 497.
517. Is a Stylopti/gma, A. Ad.
520. This is not the Chemnitzia similis of C. B. Ad. j and is probably a variety of
Ch. Panamensis.
523. = Chemnitzia qffinis, C. B. Ad., pars : pars= Ch. ttndata, no. 53].
535. Is perhaps a Mormula, A. Ad.
645. The various shells grouped under Aclis require revision. Comp. Onoba, A. Ad.,
and Ebala, Gray, which is figured as Aclis in Add. Gen.
549. Ranks best with Eulimella.
550. This is not Leiostraca recta, C. B. Ad., and may be called Mucronalia involute.
551. This is not L. solitaria, C. B. Ad., and may be called L. producta.
552. = Mucronalia solitaria, C. B. Ad.
553. Ranks best with Eulima, teste A. Ad.
555. L.retexa-, distinct from L. iota, C. B. Ad.
556. Should be Eidima, teste A. Ad.
557. Vide note to 393.
563. Belongs to the submenus Seila, A. Ad.
568. Scalaria raricosta is perhaps the young of 8. JElenensis.
569. S. funiculata and 8. diadema, with their congeners, should be removed from
Cirsotrema to Opalia.
670. Dr. Gould dissents from the affiliation of this shell to the West African species
on the ground that "he can separate the African from the Pacific shells as fast
as we can hand them to him." So easily can any ordinary naturalist separate
conspecific British and Mediterranean specimens, or Mazatlan and Panama
specimens. It is not found in the West Temperate fauna ; the " var. Cali-
fornica " being the ordinary type from the Pacific Islands, which is much
more entitled to be regarded as distinct than are the West American forms.
572. Is shown by perfect Cape St. Lucas specimens to belong to a natural group
of species, resembling flattened, perforated Phasianelke, to which the name
Eucosmia may be given.
580. Appears under genus " Lagena, Klein,"* in Mils. Cuming; the Argobuccina
cancellation, Oregonense, &c., having received a new name, Priene, H. & A.Ad,
589. This belongs to Closia, Gray, = Volutella, Swains., non D'Orb.
* The names of Klein in his 'Tentaraen' and * Lucubratiuncula,' 1773, are not entitled
to precedence (according to the Brit. Assoc. rules), because he evidently did not adopt the
Linnean mode of binomial nomenclature. What he calls a " genus " answers more to the
modern idea of chapter or section. By chance, some of his names are allowable ; but, if
used, the genus must be regarded as that of Adams, Gray, Morch, or other writer who
defines it. The following will serve as illustrations of Klein's " genera" — " Sol, Luna,
Stella, &c. ; Auris, Anas, Tigris, Pes-anserinus, Tuba-phonurgica, Cochlea-lunar -w,
Cochlea-ccelata, &c. ; jBuccinum-lacerum, Buccinum-murivatum, Thema-musicum, &c. ;
Ostreum-imbricatum, Ostreum-muricatum, &c. ; Musculus-latus, Mwculus-mammarius,
&c. ; Tellina-arcinata, Tellina-virgata, &c.; Concha-long a-Hjoris, Coneha-longa-uniforis;
Concha-rpiXofios ; " and, in p. 167, " Musculus-polylepto-gingtymus" under which re-
markable generic name is given as the first species " Arca-Noce." According to the now
fashionable transformation of malar-ological nomenclature into a branch of archaeological
research, under pretence of justice to ancient writers, the hithevto unirersully understood
3 33
548 REPORT— 1863.
692. Oh'va intertincta is very close to the young of 0. subangulata, but differs in tho
chestnut stain on the columella. I have not been able to compare it with
the young of O. Cumingii.
694. Is an abundant species in the Eastern Islands, occasionally seen in West
Coast collections.
595. Belongs to Anazola, Gray. The remaining Mazatlan species of Olivella are
now called Olivina, Gray.
598. Olivella aureocincta=. Oliva pellucida, C. B. Ad., non Eve.
599. Olivella inconapicua, C. B. Ad., is probably the young of the colourless var. of
O. ffracilis, Avhich must be excluded from the synonymy of O. dama, no. GOO.
606. The figure of Purpura biserialis, jun., Brit. Mus. tablet 2232, is stated by Mr.
A. Ad. to represent the genus Simmgera,iyOi;b., = Chelitropis, Fbs. ; just as
Macgillivrayia is the young of Doltum.
611. Rhizocheilusnux+R. distans, Cpr.
612. The young of Vitularia salebrosa is named Fusm fatoeBows, Hds., in Brit. Mus.,
and is also the " Ranella triquetra " of Nuttall's collection.
618. Is probably C. baccata, Gask., in Mus. Cum., though Mr. Gaskoin regarded it
as new. " The var. obsoleta, 6186, is probably C. yalckvias, Rve.
619-622. These shells may perhaps be better studied under Daphnella.
631. Certainly=j\r. gemmulosa, C. B. Ad.
633. Nassa crebristriata may rank as a var. under proxima, C. B. Ad., which is pro-
bably itself a var. of ver si color.
639. This aberrant group of forms is now transferred to Cantharus inMus.Cuming.
Perhaps they rank better with Siphonalia, A. Ad.
653. Anachis rufoiincta ("new," teste Gaskoin) is probably =(M diminuta, C. B.
Ad., in Mus. Cum., but scarcely agrees with the diagnosis, nor was the ac-
cordance noticed in the Amherst types.
659. =P. elegans, Gray, in Griff. Cuv. pi. 25. f. 2. (1834.)
The following species, since found, must be added to the catalogue of the
Reigen Collection. The specimens are deposited in the British Museum.
The descriptions of nos. 693-695 appear in the appendix to the Brit. Mus.
Cat. ; the remainder are ready for the press.
704. Cellepora areolata, Busk. On Omphalius ligulatus.
705. Menibranipora ?Flemingii, Busk. „ ,,
707. Dactylina=C. B. Ad., Pan. no. 516. Obtained from M. Heigen, at Mazatlan,
by Major Rich.
693. Lyonsia, sp. ind., 1 sp.
694. ?Motitacuta chalcedonica, 1 sp.
706. VMontacuta obtusa, n. s., 2 sp. Congeneric with 157, 158.
695. Crenella, sp. ind., 1 sp.
696. Pectuncultis, sp. ind., 1 sp.
697. Cylichna Carpenteri, Hani., P. Z. S. 1358, p. 643, 1 sp. ?= C. luticola, jun,
698. Scissurella rimttloidcs, n. s., 1 sp.
699. Vitrinclla ornata, n. s., 1 sp.
700. Vitrinclla tcmtisculpta, n. s., 1 sp.
701. ? VitrineUa, sp. ind., fragment.
702. Mongolia sulcata, n. s., 1 sp.
703. ??Torinia, sp. ind., 2 sp.
'708. Malea ringens. Obtained from M. Reigen, at Mazatlan, by Major Rich.
53. Jaifs Catalogue. — Mr. Hanley states that after the return of Prof.
"Nuttall, his duplicates were bought by the elder Sowerby, who sold part to
designations of Lamarck, &c., must give way to such names as the above ; and if some
other * Attempt ' or ' Little Lucubration ' of a year's earlier date should be disinterred
from now-fortunate concealment, the most modern 'Guides' and 'Books of Genera' will have
to be re-written. Klein's idea of Argobuccinum appears to have been that of a " Spotted
\Vhclk," probably Ranella argus. Argoltuccimim, H. and A. Ad., may stand as defined iii
their ' Genera' for the thin ventricose Tritons, 'iliey have, however, divided the species
between I'riene and Lagena.
34
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 549
Dr. Jay, and part to Mr. Stainforth. The specimens in Mus. Cum. were re-
ceived from Dr. Jay ; those in Mus. Haiiley from Mr. Stainforth. In the
third edition of Dr. Jay's Catalogue, 1839, appear the following species which
have not been identified, and localities not confirmed.
14. Tellina rosea, Lam. California. [Perhaps Sanguinolaria miniata.~\
33. Pecten tumidus, Brod. Upper California.
87. Chiton incarnatusj Nutt. „
„ Chiton textilis, Conr. „
38. Patella plicata, Nutt. „
40. Fissurella pica, Nutt. „
41. Crepidula squamosa, Brod. „
„ Sulla Californica, Nutt. „
68. Natica variolaris. California.
70. Trochus Californicus, Nutt. Upper California.
72. Monodonta fusca, Nutt. „
73. Marmorostoma planospira, Nutt. „
„ Litorina iostoma, Nutt. „
„ Litorina maculata, Nutt. „
79. Melongena occidentalis, Nutt, „
80. Murex sexcostatm, Bru^ „
86. Monoceros plumbeum, Kien. „
87. Buccinum Boysii, Nutt. n ,
54. C. B. Adams. — After arranging the duplicate Reigen Collection in the
State Museum at Albany, New York, I proceeded to Amherst, Mass., to
study the type- collection from which Prof. Adams's book was written. The
result is embodied in a " Heview of Prof. C. B. Adams's ' Catalogue of the
Shells of Panama,' from the Type Specimens," written for the Zool. Soe. in
Jan., and published in the Proceedings for July 1863, pp. 339-369. In this
paper the synonymy between the Mazatlan and Panama Catalogues is pointed
out, and the species assigned to the modern genera. The following are the
principal corrections needed in the list, Rep. pp. 267-280. The results in
the succeeding paragraphs, pp. 280, 281, should be altered accordingly.
(M.=Brit. Mus. Maz. Cat.)
3. Ovula neglecta=avena, var.
8. Cyprcea punctulata ; quite distinct from C. arabicula.
11. Cyprcea rubescens, C. B. Ad., = T. sanguinea, dead.
15. Marginella sapotilla, C. B. Ad., is perhaps a large form of sapotilla, Hds. It
is destitute of the sharp posterior laoral angle seen in the West Indian
specimens of ccerulescens.
33. Oliva araneosa, C. B. Ad.,= O. Melchersi, M. 591.
35. Oliva pellucida, C. B. Ad.; = O. aureocincta, M. 598, dead.
40. Oliva venulata, C. B. Ad., = O. angulata, jun.
43. Nassa canescens=dead sp. of N.pagodus.
50. Nassa pagodus, C. B. K±,—decussata, Kien. [ ? non. Lam.] = acttfa, M. 625.
51. Nassa Panamensis has the operculum of Phos and Northia, = exilis, Pws.
52. Nassa proximo +5± N. striata, C. B. Ad. [non Mus. Cum. = N.paupera, Gld.],
+N. crebristriata, M. 633, are probably vars. of N. versicolor.
53. Fossa scabriuscula, C. B. Ad., + 56 N. Wilsoni=N. complanata, Pws.
70. Purpura foveolata, probably = worn sp. of Cuma costata, M. 610.
74. Pur pur a osculaw+Rh. Calif ornicus+Rh. distans, are probably vars. of Rhizo-
cheilus mix.
81. Columbella costellata, C. B. Ad.,=Anachis scalarina, Sby.
98. Columbella parva, C. B. Ad., = dead sp. of Anachis pyc/mcea.
103. Columbella tessellata, C. B. Ad. (non Gask.),=^4. Guatemalensis, Rve.
110. Cassis abbreviata can scarcely be distinguished, in some of its many varieties
from the Texan Bezoardica inflata.
154. Cancellaria affinis scarcely differs from C. urceolata, M. 445.
35
550 BEPORT — 1863.
160. Cancellaria pygmaa= C. goniostoma, jim., no. 157, =M. 446.
164. Pleurctoma aiiior — Drillia v. Melchersi, M. 461.
169. Pleurotoma discors, C. B. Ad., is probably a finely developed var. of Z>.
aterrima.
182. Pleurotoma rustica, C. B. Ad., = worn specimens of D. Melchersi, no. 164.
191. Manqelia neglecta, probably —M. acuticostata, M. 473.
194, 195, 201 belong to Cerithiopsis.
196. Cerithium famelicum must stand for the "West Coast Uncinoids, M. 383 ; tbo
Cumingian shell, and two out of ten in the type-series, belong to C. me-
diolave, M. 382.
198, 199, 200 are various forms of C. stercus muscarum, Val. ; quite distinct from
C. interruptum, Mke., and C. irroratum, Gld.
203. Does not correspond with the diagnosis, and must stand as Chrysallida pau-
percula, a very distinct species.
208. Is scarcely a variety of Triforis alternatus, no. 207.
209. Both the specimens are dextral,= Cerithiopsis tuberculoides, M. 557.
210. Turritella Banksii, C. B. Ad. (non Rve.} = T. goniostoma, jim., M. 379.
217. A dead, stunted specimen of Ccecum undatum, M. 371.
220. Chemnitzia acuminata is a very broad but typical species ; not Clirysallida.
221. Chemnitzia affinis, Mus. Cum. and M. 523, has sufficient correspondence with
the diagnosis ; but the type= Ch. undata, M. 531.
222. Chemnitzia clathratula. The type-series contains Chrysallida clathratida,
M. 513 and Mus. Cum.,+ CAr. communis + Chr. effusa, M. 510,+ Dunkeria
subanyulata, M. 537.
223. Chemnitzia communis, the type of Chrysallida, M. 507, Cpr. (vix A. Ad.).
The type-series also contains Chr. effusa+Chr. telescopium, M. 508, + jDww-
keria subangulata,-}-?do. var.
225. Chemnitzia major ranks with Dunkeria.
227. Chemnitzia Panamensis contains also Ch. Adamsii, M. 519, -\-Ch. ? gracillima,
M. 530.
228. Chemnitzia similis, like aculeus ; differs from Ch. ?similis, M. 520, which per-
haps = Panamensis, var.
230. Chemnitzia turrita^ZSl, " Rissoa, sp. ind."
231, 235, 237, 238. These species of " ?Litorina " belong to Fossarus.
233. Litorinaatrata-\- (adult) 257, ?Adeorbis abjecta, are the same (variable) species
of Fossarina, A. Ad.
239. Litorina parvida, C. B. Ad. (non Phil.),=Z. Philippii, M. 398.
244. Rissoa Jirmata+()\mJ) 250, R. scaliformis=jRissoina, sp. M. 409.
246. ?Rissoa inconspicua, C. B. Ad. (non Aid.), does not accord with the diagnosis,
but is identical with Akania tumida, M. 414.
249. Rissoa notabilis -\-Cingida ?turrita belongs (with 252 and 254) to another
suborder, =Parthenia quinquecincta, M. 498.
252. VCinffula inconspicua= CJirysallida ovulum, M. 512.
253. Cingula paupercula = ? Odostomia mamillata, M. 492, = Diala.
254. Cingula terebellum—Parthenia exarata, M. 501.
261. Vitrinella minuta. The original type accords better with Ethalia.
266. Vitrinella regularis is also an Ethalia.
269. Vitrinella valvatoides. Probably an Ethalia.
270, 271. Are apparently vars. of Solarium granulatum.
272. May be distinguished as loyinia rotundata, frtfni its great superficial resem-
blance to Helix rotundata.
275. Trochus Leanus is a pale var. of Calliostoma M'Andreee.
276. Trochus lima can scarcely be distinguished from C. Antonii, Mus. Cum.,
dredged in the Japan seas by Mr. A. Adams.
277. Trochus lividus, C. B. Ad.,=Modulus disculus, M. 403.
280. Trochus re1iculatus= Omphalius viridulus, M. 292.
281 . Turbo Buschii, C. B. Ad., = Uvanilla inermis, M. 287, = T. varicgatus, Gray, MS.
in Brit. Mus. The true U. Bmchii is coloured outside like U. olivacea, but
with a white base like U. inermis. St. Elena, Hds. in Brit. Mus.
282. lurbo phasianetta, C. B. Ad., is probably the perfect form of Phasianclla} ?var.
36
ON MOLLUSC A OF THE WEST COAST OP XORTH AMERTCA. 551
striulata, M. 2836. Its operculum proves it to be a true Phasianella, and
not Melaraphe phasianella, Phil., of Add. Gen.
283. Turbo rutilus, the worn remains oi what perhaps was once Pomaulax undosus,
brought in ballast from Lower California.
239. Scalaria, sp. c, = Opalia funicuhita, jun., M. 569.
290. Eulima [Leiostraca] iota appears distinct from L. retexta, M. 555.
292. Eulima [^Mucronalia] so itaria= Leiostraca, sp. a, M. 552.
293. Ptframidella, sp.,= 0fe/*Vet« Adamsii, M. 486.
296. Natica lurida, C. B. Ad., = pale var. of N. maroccana.
297. Natica otis, C. B. Ad. (non Br. and Sby.), = Polinices " Salangonemis" C. B. Ad.,
no. 298.
299. Natica Souleyetiana, C. B. Ad., closely resembles N. maroccana, with larger
umbilicus.
300. Natica virginea, C. B. Ad., + 302, N., sp. ind. b,= Polinices uber, M. 576.
301. Natica) sp. a, = maroccana, var. unifasciata.
318. ?? Tnmcatetta dubiosa is probably a Paludinella.
321. Sulla punctulata-B. Adamsii, M. 224.
322. Sulla, sp. = Tornatina carinata, M. 223.
323. Vermetus ?glomeratus, C. B. Ad.,= V. eburneus, Rve., M. 354.
324. Vermetus Panamensis, C. B. A.d.,=Aletes centiquadrm, M. 352.
325. Stomatella injlata is a Lamellaria.
326. Hipponyx ?subrufa, C. B. Ad.,= ZT. Grayamis, jun., M. 35Q,+?barbatus, jun.
327. Hipponyx ?barbata, C. B. Ad. The type-series contains H. barbatus, M. 349,
+H. Gray anus +Di<cina Cumingii", hi. 14 (valve).
330. Calyptrcea aberrans is a valve of Anomia.
331. Calyptraa aspersa= Galerus conicus, broken, worn, and young; one sp. may be
mamillaris.
333. Calyptrcea conica. Most of the specimens are G. mamillaris, = 340, G. reyn-
laris ; but a few may be the true G. conicus, worn, M. 332.
338. Calyptrcea planulata is a young flat C. cepacea.
342. Cahjptrcca ??un(/uis, C. B. Ad.,= Crucibulum spinosum, jun.
343. Crepidula cerithicola= C. onyx, jun., M. 340, -fC. incurva, jun., M. 339.
349. Crepidula squama. Some of the young shells belong to C. onyx ; one perhaps
to C. incurva.
350. Crepidula unguiformis. Some of the specimens belong to this species j others
to C. nivea.
351. Crepidula nivea. The type-specimens are small, poor, and rough, of the var.
striolata, passing into Lessonii. Perhaps, therefore, the first name squama
should be retained for the species (nos. 348, 349, 350, part, and 351), leaving
striolata and Lessonii for the vars.
352. Crepidula osculans belongs to another order, = Scutettina navicelloides, M. 269.
353. Crepidula rostrata, C. B^Ad., Rve.,= C. uncata, Mke., M. 338; and is perhaps
distinct from C. adunca, Sby., = -so^V7«, Hds^^rostriformis, Gld.
357. Fissurella microtrema. Dead shells, of which part= V. rugosa, var. M. 273.
358. Fissurella mus. Intermediate between Glyphis incequalis, M. 279, and var.
pica.
361. Fissurella mrescens. Intermediate between F. v., M. 271, and F. nigropunctata,
no. 359.
366. Siphonaria ?pica, C. B. Ad. Young dead limpets [?Acmcea~\.
367. Lottia ?patina, C. B. Ad. [non Esch.], may stand, until more specimens have
been collated, as Acmcea (?Jloccata, var.)j^/osa.
368. Lottia, sp. ind. a, may be quoted as Acmcea (?floccata, var.) subrotundata.
369. Lottia, sp. ind. b, may rank, for the present, as Acmcea (?vespertina, var.)
vernicosa.
371. ? Patella, sp. ind., resembles P. vulgata, but may be an Acmcea.
372-376. There was no opportunity of dissecting the Amherst Chitons ; but among
the -remaining duplicates of the collection (all of which were obtained and
brought to England) were the following : —
373. Chiton diipar, C. B. Ad. (!J non Sby.), including Lcpidoplcurus Adamsii and
var. and L. tcnuisculytus.
37
552 REPORT— 1863.
375. CJiiton pulchellm, along with Ischnochiton Elennms, and ?vor. expressus.
376. Chiton Stokesii. Sent as C. patulus by Mr. Cuming.
377-379. Probably vars. of Anomia tennis (non lampe).
380, 381. Ostrea, sp. ind. a and b, a peculiar corrugated species, which may stand
as O. Panamensis.
382. Ostrea, sp. ind. e, resembles O. rufa, Gld., MS. (not Lam. in Deless.), not
Columbiensis.
383. Ostrea, sp. ind. c?, more like the Gulf Mex. shells than O. Virginica, M. 212.
384. Ostrea, sp. ind. e, may stand as O. amara. The "small var." is O. concha-
phila, M. 214.
386. Spondylus, s^.j—Plicatulapenicittata, M. 210.
393, 394. Perna, sp. a, 6, = 7. Chemnitzianum. The Jamaica conspecific shells are
labelled " bicolor, Ad."
396. Pm>m tuberculosa, C. B. Ad., probably = P. maura, jun.
398. Lithodomus, sp., includes Z. aristatus, M. 176, Z. attenuatus, M. 173, and
Z. ?plumula, jun., M. 175.
399. Modiola semifusca, C. B. Ad.,=7J/. Braziliensis, M. 171. More like the Atlantic
shells than are those from Gulf Cal. A specimen, undoubtedly from N.
Zealand, is pronounced conspecific by Mr. Cuming.
400-404. Modiola, sp. ind., contains M. capax, M. 170, J/ytf. multiformis [= Adam-
sianus, Dkr.], M. 168, several vars., and Adula cinnamomea, var. M. 177.
405. Chama Buddiana (in poor condition) = Ch. (?frondosa, var.) fornicata,
M. 121 b.
406. Chama ?cormigata, small valve ; large one ? = Ch. Mexicana, reversed.
407. Chama echinata. C. B. Ad., ?— Mexicana, ]\m.,+Buddiana, jun
414. Area ?aviculoides, C. B. Ad., appears a young Scapharca.
419. Arcapholadiformis — Sarbatiagradata, var.
422. Area shnilis, scarcely a variety of A. tubercidosa, no. 425.
432. Cardium planicostatum, C. B. Ad., may be a worn valve of Hemicardia bian-
gulata, but more resembles a ballast specimen of the W. Indian H. media.
435. Venus ?amathusia, C. B. A.d., = Anomalocardia subimbricata, M. 113
436. Venus discors— Tapes grata, M. 110, var.,+ T. histrionica, M. 109.
442. Venus, sp. b,= Chione sugillata, Eve. ( = ?crenifera, M. 105).
450. Gouldia Paci/ica, M. 116, does not belong to the Professor's genus, but is a
form of Crassatetta.
451. Cyrena maritima. ll The discovery of Cyrena in brackish water is a fact of
some importance to geologists, which was duly appreciated by D'Orb " (T.
Prime, in Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1861, p. 314.)
457. Donax rostratus, C. B. Ad. (non Gld., MS., and from it Cpr. in M. Appendix,
p. 549), teste type-valve =D. carinatus, Mus. Cum. olim, and from it M. 71 ;
non^Z). carinatus, Mus. Cum. hodie, and type, teste Hanl.,=i>. culminahis,
M. 72.
459. Tel/ina cognata— Psammobia casta, Eve., teste Cuming.
465. Tellina felix. The affiliation of this shell to Strigillafucata, Gld., MS., was
doubtless due to an accidental error in labelling. No. 476 is th" e same
species, dead.
468. Tellina piiella. Resembles T. felix, not ??puella, M. 59.
471. Tellina simulans. The type-valve exactly accords with the Professor's W
Indian specimens.
473. Tellina vicina, C. B. Ad.,-versicolor, C. B. Ad., MS. on label. Larger than
most W. Indian specimens, which exactly accord with the Acapulcans, and
are varieties of Heterodonax bimaculatus. The Panamic shells resemble
the Lower Califorman, which are Psammobia Paci/ica, Conr.
477. Petricola cognata. Perfect specimens are P. pholadiformis, teste Cum
478. Saxicava tennis, Sby., C. B. Ad., H. and A. Ad.,='Petricola tennis, H. and A.
Ad. Gen. pp. 349-441, and better accords with the latter genus.
479,482. Cumingia coarctata = lamellosa, var. M. 42.
480, 481. Cumingia trigonularis, M. 43.
483. Cumingia, sp. c, = M. 45, and, if not described, may stand as C. Adamsil
484. Cuminyia, sp. rf, = M. tablet 107, p. 31.
38
ON MOLLUSCA CVF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 553
485. Ampliidesma bicolor = Semele ?renusta, M. 41 (non A. Ad.)-
487. Ampliidesma proximum, probably =486, ellipticum, var. : not Semele proximo,,
M. 4Q, = S.Jlavescens, Gld., M. p. 54S.
489. Ampliidesma striosum, resembles Semele pulchra, no. 488.
491. Ampliidesma ventricosum. Scarcely perfect enough to distinguish the genus.
The valve outside resembles Macoma solidula.
497. Anatina alta. A valve of Periploma ; probably one of the Gulf species.
498. Pandora cornuta, named and described from a fractured growth ; resembles
Clidiophora claviculata.
499; 500 are varieties of the same species of Azara, of which perhaps no. 50i is an
extreme form.
506. Corbula rubra= C, biracliata, jun., no. 503, M. 31. No. 509 are dead valves
of the same,= C. poly chroma, Cpr.
508. Corbula, sp. a, resembles C. pustulosa, M. 32.
510. Solecurtus affinis, probably = S. Caribbceus = Siliquaria gibba, Spengl., S.I.
Check-List, no. 222. The W. African specimens are affiliated to the same
species by Mr. Cuming. The Mazatlan shells, M. 37, have a different
aspect, but closely resemble the Ariquibo specimens in Mus. Amherst.
511. Solen rwlis is named Sokna obliqua, Spengl., in Mus. Gum. It appears iden-
tical with Ensatella ambiaua, Lam., as figured by Deless. ; but S. amlit/ua
(Lam.), Swains., is slightly different, am I better agrees with the dead valves
of " & medius, Alatska," in Brit. Mus. These may, however, be only ballast-
valves. As S. ambigua, Lam., was described from America, and the form
is not known elsewhere, it probably represents the Panamic shell.
515. Pholas, sp. a, = laqueata. teste Cum.
516. Pholas, sp. b, closely resembles Daetylina dactylus; also La Paz, teste Rich.
The following species were collected by Prof. Adams, but do not appcr.r
in his Catalogue ; they were found either mixed with others in the Amherst
Museum or in the shell- washings of hjs duplicates*.
528. Coecum clatliratum.
529. Lepidopleurus tenuisculptus.
530. Ischnochiton Elenens.s,
531. Cerithiopsis, n. s.
532. Lucina capax.
533. Kellia suborbicularis,
534. Sphaenia fragilis.
535. Tellina lamiiuua.
536. Crenella inflata.
518. Mumiola ovata.
519. Chrysallida effusa.
520. Chrysallida telescopiunu
521. Chiysallida fasciata.
522. Chrysallida, n. s.
52->. Leiostraca retexta.
524. Eulima yod.
52o. Volutella margaritula.
520. Caecum semilaeve.
527. Caecum subquadratum.
55. British Museum Catalogues. — To the list of Deshayes, Cat. Veneridce,
may be added —
Page.
7. Dosinia ponderosa, Gray,= Cy^ gigantea, Sby.,= Venus cycloides, D'Orb.
[Gulf] California.
135. Chione callosa [Desh. et auct. K\it.,= Ch.Jluctifraga, var., quite distinct from
Callista (Amiantis) callosa'], Conr.
147. Chione astartoides, Beck, Greenland. [1849. = Tapes fluctuosa, Gld., 1841 ;
teste Gld., Otia, p. 181. Midd.'s figures more resemble V. Kennerleyi, jun.]
The authorities are rarely given for localities quoted in this elaborate
work. The same species often occur under different names. The Veneridce
* With regard to the speciee which have received different designations in the Eeigen
and Adamsian catalogues, whether those names be retained of which the specimens exist,
and have been widely distributed, in accordance with the diagnoses, or whether the prior-
ones be adopted of which the unique types do not represent the descriptions, is a matter
of little moment to the writer of the Brit. Mus. Cat. He spared no pains in making-out
his predecessor's species before describing his own, and has offered the best attainable
ligfc of the parallel forms in the review here quoted.
39
554 IMPORT— 1SG3.
in the Brit. Mus. Coll. have received Deshayes' autograph names, in accord-
ance with this Catalogue, generally on the back of the tablets.
In the Brit. Mus. Catalogue of Volutidce *, 1855, Dr. Gray arranges tho
W. Coast species thus : —
Page. Jfo.
17 7. Lyria (Enatd) Harpa, Adams, 167 ; Gray, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 61 ; Hob. Peru,
= Valuta Harpa, Barnes, Sby., Conch. Thes. [= Voluta Barnesii, Gray,
Zool. Journ. vol. i. p. 511, note.]
18 10. Lyria (Enceta) Cumingii, Brod. (loc. cit.~). Central America, S. Salvador,
Gulf Fonseca.
56. Sailor's Coll. — Pecten ?senatorius may be a form of sericeus, Hds.
57. Gould's Collections. — " Planorbis ammon, = Tras7cei, Lea. P. yraci-
lentus '? = Liebmanni, Dkr., or Haldemanni" teste Gld. MS. The collec-
tions of Mr. Blake and others will be found under the " Pacific Railway
Explorations," v. postea, par. 98.
53. Bridyes. — Some ot' the species described as new on Mr. Cuming's
authority appear, on farther comparison, to be identical with those before
known.
? Scrobicufaria producta—Lutricola^ Dombeyi, Lam.
Strigilla disjuncta appears to the author identical with S. sincera, Hani. [" Quite
distinct," PI. Cuming.j
Lyansia diaphana=L. inflata, Conr.
Calliostoma M'Andrece = nonnal state of C. Leamim, C. B. Ad.
Natica cxcavata+N. Haneti, Reel., appear varieties of N. Elena, Reel., the
analogue of lineata, Chemn.
Add Aiwa (" Tnchotropis") Gouldii, H. and A. Ad., P. Z. S. 1856, p. 369; 1861,
p. 272.
59. Pro?,. Zool. Soc. — The following additional synonyms have been ob-
served in the list, Rep. pp. 285-288 :—
R'ge.
18'j5 4:-». Vt-mts lt*tcodon+ Californicnsis [= Chione sitccincta, Val. 1833].
,, 110. Pecten circularis [? = ventricosus, jun.].
1850 24 PL 8. f. 4. (Add) Cuming-ia smrilis, A. Ad. N.W. coast of America.
„ 37. Gena varia, A. Ad. Mindoro, 9 fms., Cuming ; Australia; Acapulco,
on the sands, Moffat. [Clearly imported.]
1851 153. Infundibuliim Catifornicum [is a Pacific shell =7. cfiloromphalus, var.].
„ 168. '/Azinliinus Californicus [= Calliostoma ezimium, Rve.].
„ 190. Margarita calostoma [ = 3/. pupitta, Gld.,=costellata, Brit. Mus. Col.,
non Sby.].
1853 185. Pseudolioa Kellettii, A. Ad. [ = Macron (Zemira) Kellcttii, Mus. Cum. r
= Pusio trochlea, Gray, MS. in Brit. Mus. Cerros Is., Ayres].
1 854 316. Chlorostoma funebrale [ = Tr. marginattts, Nutt. (non Rve.) ; = T. moestm,
auct. nonnul. ; non Jonas].
359. Tellina Mazatlanica [=2! pura, Gld., 1851].
1855 231. Chiton Montereyensis \=.Mopalia lignosa, Gld., 1846 :—Merekii> Midd..
1847].
„ 231, 232. Ch. Hartwe.gii and regularis belong to Isdmochiton.
* In Donovan's 'Naturalist's Repository,' vol. ii. 1834, p. 61, appears (without
authority) " Valuta Dufresnii, Don., California, S. America."
t This belongs to a group of species in which the cartilage is semi-internal, intermediate
between Scrobicularia ( = Lutricoltt) and Macoma. They are arranged under the former
group in Add. Gen. ii. 409, as "subgen. Capsa, Bosc." That Lamarckian name being in
common use for Ipkigenia, Schum., and being also employed for Asaphis and Gastrana, it
adds to the confusion to use it for a fourth group. The bulk of Blainville's old genus
having migrated to Lutraria and Scrobicularia, his name may bo revived for this group
not otherwise provided-for. The species was redescribed in consequence of Duwliyi having
been lei't among the true Tellens in. Mus. Cum.
40
ON MOLLUSCA OP THE WEST COAST OP NORTH AMERICA. OIX*
Page.
1855 2.;4. Cattopoma depression [ = Senectus funiculatus, Kien. : not American],
The following species appear in later numbers of the Proceedings : —
1S5G .360. Mytihn Adamsianm, Dkr. [=3/. multiformis]. Panama, Cuming*
„ 365. Volsella splendida, Dkr. California.
Dr. Gray, in his elaborate article on the divides, 1858, pp. 38 et seq.,
gives 0. julieta, Duel., 0. araneosa, Lam., and 0. venulata, Lam., as syno-
nyms of Strephona reticularis, Lam. ; and quotes as " species (?) more or less
allied to it," 0. polpasta, Duel., 0. splendidula, Duel., " O.jaspidca,l)iid.,=
0. Dmlosii, Rve." [?], 0. Tcaleontina, Duel. (Gallapagos), 0. Curningii, Rve.,
and Oliva Schumacheriana, Beck, "California: front of pillar-lip brown"
[?=(9. Cumingii, var.].
For 0, volutella, Lam. (including 0. razamola, Duel.), he constitutes tho
genus Ramola.
For 0. undatella, Lam. (including 0. tTiieroglypliica, Rve., 0. nodulina,
Duel., and 0. ozodina, Duel.), and similar species, he forms the genus
A.nazola.
The restricted genus Olivella is altered to Olivina, and includes (from the
West Coast) 0. gmcilis,$by., 0. anazora,Ducl., 0. tergina, Duel., 0. lineolata
= dama, Goodall*; and, in a section, 0. columellaris, Sby., 0. semisulcata,
Gray, and 0. zonalis. Lam.
The California!! species, 0. biplicata, Sby., = 0. nux, Goodall, in Wood, is
placed in the genus Scaphula. This is constituted for an animal, " Olivancilld
auricuJaria," D'Orb., on which, in his work on S. America, he figures the
shell of 0. biplicata (teste Gray). The shell might in some way have become
mixed with S. American specimens ; but as D'Orb. could not possibly have
there observed the living animal, the genus should be restricted to the latter.
The shell of 0. biplicata is very peculiar, and has not been found south of
San Diego. D'Orbigny's genus is Olivancillaria.
Page.
1850 280. Terebra strigata, Sby., Tank. Cat. Panama, Real Lejos. =£uecmum
elongatum, Gray, Wood, = Terebra zebra, Kien.; = Terebra flammea,
Less.
„ 287. Terebra Salleana, Desh. Mexico [?ubi], Satte.
,, 302. Terebra Petiveriana, Desh. (Pet. Gaz.pl. 75. f. 5). Panama. Mus. Cum.
„ 303. Terebra tpecillata, Hds. "Probably two species here figured." San
Bias, Mexico.
„ 303. Terebra larviformis, Hds. "Probably two species here figured." St.
Elena, Monte Christi.
„ 307. Terebra formosa, Desh. Panama. Mus. Cum.
„ 307. Terebra incomparabilis, Desh. [=T. flammea, Lam., teste Rve., P. Z. S.
I860, p. 450]. Panama. Mus. Cum.
„ 308. Terebra insignia, Desh. Panama. Mus. Cum.
„ 428. Spondylm Victoria, Sby., pi. 40. fig. 8. Gulf of California. Mus. Cum.
., 42 x Murcx t&niatus, Sby., pi. 4v». fig. 3. Gulf of California. Mus. Cum.
133 J 3/0. Leda Taylori, Hani. Guatemala. Mus. Cum., Taylor.
„ 440. Leda Hindsii, Hani. ? Gulf of Nicoya. Mus. Cum., Hani., Mete.
„ 448-450 I Review of Deshayes' ' Monograph of the Terebridee,' 1859, by Mr.
' j Reeve. His synonyms are quoted under par. 62, ' Conch. Ic.'
1862 239 5 JBursa fusco-costata, Dkr. California, Mus. Cum. [No autho-
rity.] Like JJ. bitubercularis, Lam.
* Many of the names given to the shells in Wood's Suppl. were arbitrarily altered by
P'*. Goodall, as the work passed through the press (teste Graji). However, if the first
, they will be allowed the right of precedence,
41
556 REPORT — 18(33.
In the P. Z. S. 1861, pp. 145-181, is the first part of the long-expected
"Review of the Vermetidce" by Otto A. L. Morch. The species of the
West Coast are arranged as follows : —
Pa "6. 8 pi
l.ji 4. Stcphopoma pennatum, March, pi. 25. f. 3-8. I Realejo, on Cattop:in*
Io2 .. Stephopoma pennatum, ?var.i/s/»w0sa,pl.25.f.9,10. •( and Cruciluhmi.
153 5. Siphonium (.Dendropomd) meyamastum, Morch, pi. 25. f. 12, 13, •• r('*U-
fornia ; burrowing in Huliotis nodosus, Rve." [Not a Caliibruian
species.]
. . Siphonium (Dendropoma) megamastum, var. centiquadra, Morch.
" =Aletes centiqttadrus, var. imbricatus, Maz. Cat. p. 302,'" Morch foon
Cpr.]. California, burrowing in Haliotis splendens [a strictly Califor-
niau species, not found on the Mexican coast].
1&4 6. Siphonium (Dendropoma) lituetta, Morch. California ; deeply imbedded
in Haliotis splendens ; Mus. Cum.
? = Stoa ammonitiformis, M. de Serres.
=iSfriroy?yphu8, sp., Cpr., B. A. Report, p. 324. [Found on shells from
Washington Ter. to Cape St. Lucas (also Socoro Is., Xantm) ; but it
has not been observed on the Mexican or Central American coast.]
164 20. , Siphonium margaritarum, Val. Panama, Vol.; Mazatlan, Reiyai.
" = Aletes margaritarum, Maz. Cat. p. 303," [teste Morch, non Cpr.*].
177 ^36. Vermiculm pellucidus, Brod. and Sby., pi. 25. f. 17-20.
Var. a. planorboides — Serpula regulans, Chenu. Hob. ? — 9 on ?Maryari*
tifera. Mus. Cum.
Var. aa. laquearis. W. Columbia, Gaming.
178 . . Var. /3. cinnamomina. W. Columbia, Cumin g.
. . Var. y. volubilisj Morch, pi. 25. f. 18, 19.= Vermetus eburneus, Rve.,=
V. lumbricalis, Knight. Hob. ?—. Mus. Cum.
. « • « Var. 8. volubilis (adulta) picta, Morch, = Verm, eburncus, Maz. Uat.
p. 304. W. Columbia, Cuming ^ Puntarenas, Oersted, Journ.
Conch, viii. p. 30.
. « • • Var. f. crassa, Morch, = Serp. Panamensis, Chen. 111. pi. 10. fig. 5 =
Vermiculus eburneus, Morch, Journ. Conch, viii. 30. Puntareuas,
Oersted. "Fossil at Newburn, N.C.," Nuttatt [teste Morch].
179 „. Var. ^. tigrina, Morch. W. Columbia, Cuming.
. . Var. 77. castanea, Morch. On Murex melanoleucus, Morch.
. . Operculum : W. Columbia, Cuming.
Var. 1, from var. 8.= Vermetus Hindsii, Gray, Add. Gen. fig. ?8, a, 6.
Puntarenas, Oersted.
180 . . Var. 2, discifer, from var. 8. Puntarenas, Oersted.
.. . . Var. 3, from var. €. PI. 25. f. 17.
Var. 4, subgranosa, from var. 77. Puntarenas, Oersted.
181 38. Vermiculus efusus, Val., = " Vermetus e., Val." Chen. HI. pi. 5. fig. 4,
a-c. =: Siphonium e., Chen. Man. fig. 2301. " Fig. 4 of Chen, t is
from specimen figured in Voy. Ven. as V. centiquadrus."
In the second part of Morch's "Review of the Vermetidce" 1861, pp.
326-365, occur the following. A portion of the genus Bivonia is united to
Spiroylyphus. Petaloconchus, Ahtes, and part of Bivonia are united to Ver-
metus, Morch (non auct.). The name Aletes appears to be used in a varietal
sense, in no respect according with the subgenus as described by the author.
* I was perhaps wrong in referring the Mazatlan shells to Val.'s species ; but if Mr.
Morch is right in his own determination, the Mazatlan synonymy and locality must be
expunged. There was no evidence of a typical Siphonium when the Reigen Catalogue was
published, nor have I seen such from the whole coast, unless ih> minute operculum hy
Brit. Mus. Col., tablet 2537, be supposed the young. Morch says, " the lid is unknown."
The operculum of the similar Mazatlan species, on which the subgenus Aletes was
founded, is described in Maz. Cat. p. 302.
f " Cpr.'s observations respecting Chenu's plates (Maz. Cat. p. 306, lin. 18) are in part
erroneous, it being overlooked that Chenu has two plates marked ' V.' :" note *, p, C37t
42
ON MOLLTJRCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 557
Spirxfflyphus alLidus, ?Cpr. Mazatlan, Reirjen. Operculum g et ?/, Maz.
Cat.' p. -Ml. = Bivonia albida, Cpr., Maz. Cat. p. 307. Operc. g is with-
out doubt of Spirofffyphu-s, and not of Bivonia, var. indentata. Operc. /
is truly congeneric, and perhaps conspecih'c.
344 4. Vermetus (Thi/lcicjdu') contortus,C])Y.* Gulf Calif. Mas. Cum.
Var. «. repent (Tnylacodits). Gulf Ca if., on Mart/aritifera, Mns. Cam.
" This species is perhaps a state of V. (Petaloconchus) macrophraj-
ma." [Morch: uon Cpr.] f
345 .. Va,r.p.favosa(Thu7acodus). Calif., on Crucibulum. M us. Cum.
. » . • Var. y. ' cantor tula ( Thylacodus), Gulf of California.
,. .. Formal. ?Thyldcodus contortus, var. indent ata, Cpr. "Corre-
sponds to forma 1, electrina, of Vermetus varians, D'Orb."
Var. 6\ indentata (Vermetus), [Morch, non Cpr.]. Sonsonate, on Spon-
dylus limbatus, Rve., non Shy. Oersted.
346 . . Var. € . corrodens ( Vermetus}. Is. Sibo (PQuibo), Spengler, on Pur-
pur a lineata.
359 20. Vermetus (?? •Strebloceras) anellum, Morch. California, on Haliotis tttber-
culatus, live. [Not a Californian .Haliotis. The diagnosis, howeve**,
exactly accords with aCalifornian shell, which is perhaps the young- of'
S. squamiaerus. It has no resemblance to Slreolocerax, Cpr., P. Z. S.
1858, p. 440, which is a genuine C«cid.J
860 21. Vermetus (Macrophragma) macrophragma. Mazatlan, &c.=Petaloconcht s
m. , C pr. Realej o, ' Oersted.
362 24. Vermetus (Aletes) centiquadrus, Val. Puntarenas, Oersted + V. , effusuz,
Val. (the same specimen).
« . . . Var. a. maxima— V. Punamensis, Chen. pi. 5. f. 1. Panama, C. B. Ad. ;
Mazatlan, Melchers.
Var. /^. Punctis impress-is destituta,= V. Peronii, Val.^
363 . . Var. y. siphonata. Puntarenas, Oersted— V. Peromi, Rouss.
Var. d. tulipa. Gulf of California, on piece of black Pinna, Mus. Cum.
[The Pinna niyrina is from the E. !•]= V. tulipa, Rouss.
. , . . Var. e. Bridgesii. Panama, on Margaritifera, Mus. Cum.
The conclusion of the paper is in P. Z. S. 1862, pp. 54-83.
58 4. Bivonia sutilis, Morch. Central America, on Anomalocardia subimbricatu,
Mus. Cum.
. . . . Var. at. ?major. On Pinna, probably Central America, Mus. Bunker.
Var. /3. triquetra. Mazatlan, on valve of Placunanomia, Mus. Semper.
Like B. triquetra, " var. typica."
70 8. Thylacodes cruciformis, Morch. California, on Crucibulum ? umbrella,
Desh., var. Mus. Cum. Analogue of 7, T. Rusei, Morch, from the
east coast.
Var. a., lumbricella. Voy. Ven. pi. 11. f. 2. California, crowded on
Margaritifera. Mus. Cum.
.. .. Var. /3. erythosclera. CaL, on young Margaritifera. Mus. Cum.
Very like Biv. Qttoyi, var. variegata. [This species is on shells from
the Mexican, not the "Californian " fauna J
76 16. Thylacodes squamigera, C-pi\,= Aletes sg., Cpr., P.Z.S. 1856, p. 226. Sta.
Barbara, Nutt. [Serpttlorbis, not Aletes} teste Cooper].
* Mr. Morch has not seen any laminae inside, but, from the 3-5 spiral lirse on the
columella, believes they will be found. The opercula supposed to belong to this species
(Maz. Cat. p. 311) Mr. M. thinks more probably those of Spiroglyphus albidus. He
states (erroneously) that the shell was not opened by the describer.
f Morch supposes that Bivonia contorta, Cpr., may be the adult of Petaloconchus
macrophragma, and that both may be forms of Aletes centiquadrus. The nuclear por-
tions are, however, quite distinct, and the three shells appear, from beginning to end, as
far removed as any ordinary Vermetids can be from each other.
J The writer doubts respecting this species, and think% the shell on which it is para-
sitical to be a Melo, and not Strombus galea, simply because named after Peron, who
did not visit this dislnuu
43
558 BEPORT— 18G3.
Page, gp.
70 1(3 Yar. a. pcnnafa,-=- V. mar gar if arum, Val. Yen. pi. 11. f. 2. (fig. min.),
Cal. Mas. Cum. [Affiliated to_the Californian species on supposi-
titious evidence, and probably distinct. These appear to be from the
tropical fauna.] Analogue of the W. Indian T. decussatus, Gmel.
73 21. ?Thylacodes oryzata, Morch. Probably W. Central America, from the
adhesions; but "China: " Mus. Cum.
, . . . Var. at,, annulata. Panama. Mus. Cum.*
In P.Z.S. 1861, pp. 229-233, is given a " Catalogue of a Collection of Terres-
trial and Eluviatile Molluscs, made by 0. Salvin, Esq., M.A., in Guatemala:
~y the Eev. H. B. Tristram." But few of the 49 species occur in Mexican
collections ; none are identical with "W. Indian species, except such as
are of universal occurrence in tropical America ; and the 16 new species
show close generic affinities with, the shells of the northern regions of S.
America. The shells have been identified from the Cumingian celieetion.
The new species are described, and some of them figured.
Page. No. PL Fig:
230 1 .... Helix GhiesbregUi, Nyst. The largest Helix in the New World.
2 . . . . He1 ix eximia, Pfr.
. • 3 . . . . Helix LalU ana, Pfr., var.
« . 4 . . . . Helix eun/omphala, Pfr. Closely allied to the S. American
//. taxata.
5 . . . . Helix coactiliata, Fer.
6 . . . . SvUmus Pazianus, D'Orb.
7 . . . . Bulimus Moricandi, Pfr.
. . 8 . . Bulimus Hondiiratianus, Pfr.
9 . . Bnlimus Dysoni, Pfr.
10 26 8. Bulimus semipeUucidus, n. s. Allied to B. discrepctns, Sby.
. . 11 . . . . Succinea ?putris, Ln.
. . 12 . . . . Glandina Ghiesbreghti, Pfr.
13 . . . . Glandina Carminensis, Morelet. Described from Costa Rica.
. . 14 . . . . Achatina, sp. ind.
. . 15 . . . . Achatina octona, Lam.
. . 16 . . . . Spiraxis Lattrei, Pfr.
17 . . . . Spiraxis Shuttleworthii, Pfr.
231 18 . . . . Spiraxis Cobanensis, n. s.
19 . . . . Spiraxis, sp. ind.
. . 20 . . . . Leptinaria Emmelince, n. s.
21 . . . . Leptinaria Elisa, n. s.
. . 22 . . . . Cylindretta Ghiesbregliti, Pfr
. . 23 . . . . Cyhndrella Salpinx, n. s.
• . 24 . . . . Physa Sowerbyana, D'Orb.
.. 25 .. .. Physa purpurostoma, n. s. Lake of Duenas.
26 . . . . Planorbis corpulentus, Say.
232 27 . . .. Planorbis tmnidus, Pfr. [Comp. P. tumens, Maz. Cat. 238.] .
28 . * . . Planorbis Wyldi, n. sp. Lake of Duenas.
29 . . . . Planorbis Duenasianm, n. s. Lake of Duenas.
. . 30 . . . . Planorbis, sp. nov., in Mus. Cum.
. . 31 . . . . Segmentina Donbilli, n. s. Lake of Duenas.
.. 32 .. .. Melampus fasciatus, Chem. Salt-marshes on coast.
. . 33 . . . . Adamsiella Osberti, n. s.
* The present posture of binomial nomenclature is well illustrated in this most elabo-
rate paper, which few naturalists have professed to understand. The shell of which tha
operculum-spine is figured in plate 25. f. 16, is quoted as " Siphonium (Stoa) subcre-
natum, v. spinosa" The shell described in Maz. Cat. p. 307 is quoted as " Vermetus
(Thylacodus) contortus, var. y. contortula (Thylacodus}, forma 1, Thylocodus (?) con-
tortux, var. indentata, Cpr." Perhaps the sentences of Klein and the early writers are
more easy to understand and remember. The Chilonida of Middendorff (v . First Keport,
p. 214) are simple in comparison,
44
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 559
Page. No. PI. Fig.
. . 34 . . . . Cistula trochlearis, Pfr.
3?* , , . . Chcindropoma rubicundum, Morelet.
30 .. .. Mcgalomasto masimulacrum, Morelet. Described from Costa Rica.
37 . . . . Cyclophorus ponderosus, Pfr.
38 . . . . Cyclophorus translucidus, Sby.
233 39 26 11. Macroceramus polystreptus, n. s.
40 26 9, 10. Helicina Sakini, n. s. Like H. turbinata, Wiegni. Mexico.
41 . . . . Helicina amcena, Pfr.
42 . . . . Helicina Oiveniana, Pfr.
. . 43 . . . . Helicina merdigera, Salle. Described from Nicaragua.
„ . 44 . . . . Helicina Lindeni, Pfr.
. . 45 . . . . Helicina chryseis, n. s. Mountain forests of Vera Paz.
e .46,47,48. . . . Paludinella, 3 species apparently undescribed.
. . 49 . . . . Pachycheilus CO-MMUS, Morelet. Larger than in previously
noted habitats.
The vol. for 1863 contains Dr. Baird's descriptions of new species from
the Vancouver collections of Lord and Lyall, which will be tabulated, infra,
par. 103 ; and the Eeview of Prof. Adams's Panama shells, which has already
been quoted.
60. Sowerby, ' Conchological Illustrations,' 1841. — The following are addi-
tional localities or synonyms : —
Ko. Fig.
2 46. Cardium Indicum [is exotic ; closely allied to C. costatum~\.
56 18. Cardium maculatum, Sby. Cal., &c. = C. maculosum, Sby. (preoc.).
90 .. Murex imperialis, Swains. Cal. =M. pomum, var. Gmel. [Perhaps dis-
tinct ; may be the W. I. analogue of bicolor.~]
91 38. Murex erythrostoma, Swains. Acapulco. [?=bicolor, var.]
45 102. Cyprcea albuginosa, Gray. Mexico, Ceylon. [The Ceylon shell is pro-
bably poraria, sp. 44.]
1 45. Erato scabriascida, Gray. Acapulco. —Marginella cyprceola, Sby.
62 40. Fissurdla Lincolni, Gray, MS. [An extremely fine specimen ( supposed
fl unique ") of Glyphis aspera, Esch. Mr. Lincoln is also quoted for
the " finest of the four known specimens " of Lucapina crenulaia. sp. 19,
f. 31,38: "Monterey."]
54 [Erase this line in the former Report, and substitute as follows : — ]
55 JSulimus umfasciatus, Sby. Galapagos.
' Thesaurus Conchyliorum,' G. B. Sowerby, &c. To the list in Rep. pp.
288, 289, may be added:—
Page. PI. Fig.
51 12 23. Pecten circularis, Sby. Cal., St. Vincents. [The name may
stand for the W. Indian shell, the Californian being P. ven~
tricosus, jun.]
57 12 20, 21. Pecten latiauritus, Conr. Cal. +"P. mesotimeris, Conr."
261 59 144. Tellina sincera, Hani. N.W. Coast America. [= Panama.]
769 165 36-38. Venerupis cylindracea, Desh. C&l., = Petricola Californica, Conr.,
+ P. arcuata, Desh., + P. subglobosa, Sby.
865 179 59-77. Cerithium ocellatum, Brug. Gulf Cal., &c. = C. irroratmn [C.
B. Ad. (Gld. MS.) ; non] Gld. E. E.,= C. interruptum [C. B.
Ad. : non Mke, necl Gld.
Sp. Fig.
47 43,44. Conus* interrupts, Mawe, Wood. [Slender, coronated sp.] non
Br. and Sby. Hab. ?—
* Mr. Sowerby remarks, " As the collector's great object is to Jcnoiv the shells, I have
preferred, in most cases, giving the species as they stand, stating the alleged differences,
and leaving the final decision to individual taste." He further states, with regard to some
groups, that " the characters of the shells are very uncertain, and the intentions of the
authors still more so." The names, references, and localities are given on lists to face the
plates, and the diagnoses separately, with a copious index. An attempt also u made to
45
500 REPORT — 18C3.
8p. Pig.
(J-i 80. Comts tiaratus, Brod. Galapaeos.
79 128,129. Conns puncticulatus, Brug. Salango, St. Elena, W. Col.,
.. 130. Conus puncticulatus, \&r.,=papillosus, Kien.
391. Conus puncticidatus. [Mazatlan.]
392. Conus puncticulatus , ?KS<fatpiutulosu*j Kien. : ?+Mauritianus, Lam.
J53 190. Conus viryatus, E.ve.,=zebra, Sby., non Lam. [Resembles reyularia
var.] Salango, W. Col., Cuminy.
Conus viryatus, va,r.,~Lorenzianus, Rve., non Chem.
193. Conus viryatus, var., = Cumin yii.
L06 192. Conus scalaris, VaL, —gradatus, Rve. Salango, W. Col., Cuming.
127 194. Conus incurvus, Brod. [Resembles specimens from La Paz.] Mont9
Christi, W. Col., Cuminy.
180 285, 402. Conus Ximenes, Gray, = inter i-uptits, Brod., non Mawe. [Like puncti-
culatus. var.] Mazatlan, W. Columbia, Cuminy.
L57 324. Conus perplexm, Sby. Gulf Cal., W. Col., Cuming.
84 384. Conus arcuatus, Br. and Sby. Mazatlan, Pacific [?].
15 26-28. Fissurella Mexicana, Sbv. 'Real Llejos, Mexico, j rTf ,, , r,.
78. Iftwreftt Jfewca/ia, Sby. Porto Praya.
are probably incorrect ; it belongs to the Chilian fauna.]
41 46,47. Fissurella ruyosa, Sby. W. Indies [ = W. Mexico].
32 88, 89. Fissurella alba, Cpr. " [Gulf of] California.
65 64, 65. Fissurella niyrocincta, Cpr. [Gulf of] California.
56 67. Fissurella te'nebrosa, Sby., jun. [PGulf of] California. Like the last,
54 80. Fissurella obscura, Sby. Real Llejos, Cum. [" Gal." in P.Z.S. 1834.]
68 154-156. Fissurella excelsa, Rve., + F. alta, C. B. Ad.
8(3 123. Fissurella Panamensis, Sby. "In Conch. 111., this very distinct
shell is united to that since named F. excelsa, Rve."
115 187-189. Fissurella cancellata, Soland. St. Vincent's, Honduras Bay, Guada-
loup, California. [No authority for the latter.]
7 12,13. Harpa Ricoliana, Less., = //. crenata, Swains. Acapulco.
1860.
2 57. Dentalium pretiosum, Nutt. " —striolatum, Stn. Massachusetts.
Less curved and tapering near apex than D. entale, more cylin-
drical throughout, but a doubtful species." [The type-speci-
mens are not striated.] California.
10. Dentalium hexayonum, Gld. N. America : China, Singapore.
42 34. Dentalium pseudosexagonum, Desh. Masbate, Philippines : W«
Columbia.
41. Dentalium splendidum, Sby. Xipixapi, W. Col.
32. Dentalium liratum, Cpr. " Malgattem." [Maz. Cat. 244.]
48 31. Dentalium quadranyulare, Sby. Xipixapi, W. Col. [Like tetra-
yonum, but striated, and much smaller/]
49 21, 22. Dentalium tetrayonum, Sby. W. Col. [Young shell square, adult
round.]
In the very elaborate monograph of the Nuculidce, by S. Hanley, Esq., tha
following species, quoted as from the W. Coast, are minutely described : —
2 33. Leda Sowerbiana, D'Orb. Xipixapi.
= N. elonyata, Val.
— N. lanceolata, G. Sby., non J. Sby., nee Lam.
7 85. Leda Taylori, IIanl., = 2V! lanceolata, Lam., non G. nee J. Sby.
Guatemala. (P. Z. S. 1860, p. 370.)
29 70-72. Leda Elcncnsis, Sby. Panama.
33 90. Leda eburnea, Sby.,=lyrata, Hds. Panama: Bay of Caraccas.
classify the forms according to their natural affinities. It is rarely that monographers
and artists take such laudable pains to supply the wants of students. In the monograph
of Galeomma and Scintilla, however, the locality-marks have not been observed to a
single species, except the " British G. Turtoni " and its " Philippine analogue, G. macro-
$cki.<tmai Desh." This is the more remarkable, as most of the species were described by
Desh., with localities, in P. Z. S. 1855, pp. 167-181.
46
ON MOLLTJSCA OP THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
561
In the ' Malacological and Conchological Magazine/ by G. B. Sowerhy,
London, 1838, is a monograph of Leach's genus Margarita. The following
probably belong to the N. W. Coast, and are figured in the Conch. 111. ; —
Page.
25. Margarita striata, Brod. and Sby. Boreal Ocean.
20. Margarita undulata, Sby. Arctic Ocean.
26. Margarita costellata, Sby. [Non Brit. Mus. Col. = M. pupilla, Gld.; differs in
having the interspaces of the spiral ribs decussated. Arctic Ocean.]
26. Margarita acuminata, Sby. Arctic Ocean.
30. Aphrodite columba, Lea, = Cardium Grosnlandicum.
Several West Coast species were named and figured in the elder Sowerby's
'Genera of Recent and Eossil Shells,' London, 1820-1824 ; a work of singular
merit for its time, but left unfinished*. The stock was purchased by a dealer,
with a view to completion ; but newer works have occupied its place, and
the valuable plates and text remain useless in his hands. As no dates appear
in the bound copy of the work, it cannot be stated whether the species here
named by Mr. Sowerby had been before published. The loss of the original
work has been in some respects supplied by the completion of the extremely
similar ' Conchologia Systematica/ by L. Eeeve, vol. i. 1841, vol. ii. 1842.
It might almost be considered a second edition of the ' Genera,' of which
some of the plates occur in the quarto form. References are here given to
the species reproduced from Sowerby's unfinished work, which is often quoted
by Mr. Reeve according to the " Numbers " in which it appeared :-—
Bve.
!:g-
3.
4.
1.
1.
2.
6.
2.
3.
4.
3.
6.
2.
2.
1.
, Gmel.,= T. rufescenSjChem.," Rve."],
Lwdttaria p., Schum." Rve. C. S.],
Dillw.].
I Sby.
! Fig. Sowerby'g Genera.
I 2. Cumingia trigomdaris.
3. Cumingia lamellosa.
4. Cumingia coarctata.
1. Tellina opercidaris [" =
1. Lucina punctata [Linnv
2,5. Venus subrugosa.
7. Venus gnidia.
2. Cytherea planulata.
3. Cytherea aurantiaca.
4 [non 3]. Lithodomus caudigerus
3. [Appears to represent attenuatus, Desk.]
6. Modiola semifusca [inside view ; exactly accords with Braziliensis, Maz,
Cat., but is not Lamarck's species, teste Hani.].
2. Lima squamosa [Lam.].
2. Ostrea Virginica [Lam.].
1. Placunanomia Cumingii. "Brought by Mr. Henry Cuming from the
Gulf of Dulce, in Costa Rico."
1. Lottia gigantea, Gray. Genus named in Phil. Trans. =Patelloides, Quoy
and Gaim. ? South America. [The U. S. E. E. specimens were la-
belled " Valparaiso." It comes to us from many parts of the world,
but is only known to live in Middle and Lower California. = Tecturella
grandis, Cpr., B. A. Rep. 1861, p. 137.
3. SipJionaria Tristensis. [The figure is singularly like the Vancouver
species, S. thersites.~]
2. Crepidula onyx.
4. Crepidida aculeata: U=P. auricula, Gmel."
3. Caluptrcea ? extinctorium. [Sby.j non Lam.
imbricataJ]
4. Calyptrcea spinosa.
The non-pitted form of
* The last Part (no. 34) appeared " March 31, 1831," many years after the previous
issues ; teste Hani.
1863.
562 REPORT — 18G3.
Bve.
Fig.
5,0.
1.
2
1.
C.
a*
3.
4.
1.
1.
Sby.
Fig. Sowerby's Genera.
5. Calyptreea imbricata. [The pitted form. Appears in C. S., f. 1, as "•'' C,
nif/osa, Less."]
7. Calyptreea ?spinosa, var. [The flat, smooth form of spinosa. Appears in
C. S., fig. 4, as " C. cinei-ea, Rve., P. Z. S. 1842," p. 50. On a log of
wood floating off Cape Horn.]
2. Bulla viresccns.
1. Nerita ornata [=scabricosta, Lam.].
2, 3. Litori na pulchra, = Turbo p.. Swains.
4. Litorina varia. Panama.
5. Cerithium varicosum.
9. Cerithium Pacificum. [Closely resembles Potamis ebenim<s.~\
1. Fasciolaria auraniiaca [with operc. (non Lam.) = JF. pn/*<T/js,Lam.,Rve.].
5. Murex phyllopterm and operc. [Appears= Cerostuma foUatum. The
operc. seems to have been rubbed outside.]
1. Columbella strombiformis, Lain.
2. Columbella labiosa. " California " [t. e., Panama, &c.].
1. Purpura patula [Linn. "= Perdicea nodosa, Petiver, = Cymbium tulcrcsur.i
patulum, Martini." Rve. C. S.].
6. Purpura planospirata.
9. Purpura callosa [= Cuma tcctuni].
3. Monoceros luyubre [—cymatum, Tank. Cat.].
4. Monoceros cinijulatum [Lam.: Leucozonia].
1. Trichotropis bicarinata, and [Nassoid] operculum.
1. Oliva porphijria [Linn., "= Cylinder porphyrcticus, D'Arg.,= Castra Tur-
cica, Martini.' ^ Rve. C. S.].
5. Cypraa pustulata [Lam.].
The following additional West Coast species, figured in the ' Conch. Syst.,'
may be quoted for their synonymy. The authorities for all the species are
given, but no localities : —
PL Fig.
26 1. Solecurtus Dombeyi, Lam. [appears intermediate between S. Dombeyi,
Mus. Cum., and S. ambiyuus, Lam.].
223 7. Turbo squamiger, Rve. P. Z. S. 1842, p. 186 [without locality. 'Gala-
pagos, CumingJ in Conch. Ic. Also Acapulco, Jewett, &c.].
229 2. Turbindlus acuminatus, Wood, Kien. [closely resembles Latirus castancus].
203 G. Buccinwn elegans, R-ve., P. Z. S. 1842, fromllinds's Col. [is the southern,
highly developed form of B. fossatum, Gld. The name is preoccupied
by a Touraine fossil, S. elegans, Duj., in Desh. An. s. Vert. x. p. 21*.),
no. 22. As Rve.'s species is a Nassa, and there is another Due. elcyar,-,
Kien., Coq. Viv. p. 56, pi. 24. f. 97, = Nassa e., Rve. Conch. Ic., ic will
save confusion to allow Gld.'s later name to stand].
DOS 5,0. Buccinum serratum, Dufr., = j\rassa Northice, Gray [ = Northia pristis,
Desh.].
62. Reeve, ' Concliologia Iconica? — The following corrections should bo
made in the abstract, Rep. pp. 289-293.
20. [Semele fla weans should be flavesccns, et passim.^
33. Siphonaria amara [is a Sandwich Is. species, quite distinct from C. lecaniwn}.
38. Patella clypeastcr Tis a S. American species, liaving no connexion with A.
patina, or with Monterey].
60. Patella cinis [ = A. pelta, not patina, var.].
67. Patella vespertina. [P. stipulata, sp. 117, is probably a var. of this species.]
69. Patella toreuma ["var." in Mus. Cum., "Mazatlan," probably =hrewn$. No
shell of this (N. Zealand) type has been found on the coast by any of the
American collectors].
* Sowerby's (c-ow-^O name appears on Keeve's plnte; but in the text of C. S., f. (J is
called "a species OJ Tiii LiiielltLs inserted inaclvenentiy."
48
ON MOLLUSCA OP THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 5C3
81. Patella Nuttalliana. [Mus. Cum., =A. pelta, typical. The figure looks more
like 2mtina.~\
140. Patella mamillata, Nutt. [non Esch., is an elevated, stunted form of the black
? var. of scabra, Nutt. The name being preoccupied, this distinct form may
stand as limatula}.
64. Fissurella densiclathrata [is distinct from G. aspera. Sta. Barbara, Jewett].
67. Turbo marginatm [Rve., non] " Nutt."
Adams as the Collonia marginata of <
Delphinula (test3 type in Brit. Mus.
Jay's Cat, was described by A. Ad. as CJilorostoma funebrale= Chi.
auct. (non Jonas, the true T. mcestus being S. American, tesle A. Ad. and
Mus. Cum.)].
39. Cypr&a onyx [is the E. Indian, C. spadicea the similar S. Diegan species].
The following species, either quoted from the "W. Coast, or known to in-
habit it, or connected with it by synonymy, have been observed in Reeve's
1 Conch. Ic.' since the date of the last Report. The number of the species also
refers to the figure. For the remarks enclosed in [ ] the writer of this lie-
port, here as elsewhere, is alone responsible.
50. Fasus turbinelloides, Rve., Jan. 1848. ? Africa, Mus. Cum. \_-Siphonalia
pallida, Br. and Sby. ; spines somewhat angular],
02. Fasus cancellatus, Lain. " Unalaska, Kamtschatka, Mus. Cum." [Doubtless
the origin of the prevalent locality-error].
'/o. Futus Nova-Hollandi*, Rve., Jan/ 1848. N. Hoi., Metcnlfe. [As Mr. Met-
calfe gave numerous West Coast shells to Brit. Mus. und'jr locality "N.H.,"
this shell also was probably from W. Mexico, = -P. Dupclithouarsiij Kien.]
91. Fusus Gunneri, Lov., (Tritonium), Ind. Snec. p. 12. Greenland. [=Jro-
phon multicostatus, Esch. The iig. should be 93, 6 ; f. 91 = Bamffius.~]
52. Curdium pseudofossile, Rve. " P. Z. S. 1844." Hab. ?— [Not found in
P. Z. S.,= C. Calif orniense, Desh., 1839, non C. Calif nrnianum, Conr.,
1837. This is the Eastern form; the 0&:ifomian ?var.= C. bland/on, Gld.^
67. Buccinum modificatum, Rve., Dec. 184o. llab. ? — [Agrees sufficiently well
with worn specimens from La Paz, Mus. Smiths., ~ &iphonalia} closely
allied to pallida.~\
62. Buccinum diruin^ Rve., Dec. 1846. Hab. ?— Mus. Cum. [Worn specimen
of CArysodomus Sitchensis, Midd., 1849, = JP. incisus, Old., May 18i9.]
110. Buccinum corruffatum, Rve., Feb. 1847. Ilab. ? — [" 'Iruncaria" Cuming,
MS. " Pisania" H. Adams. Vancouver, most abundant.]
2. Sanguinolaria omlis, Rve., March 1857. Cent. Am. [?=£ miniata, jun.
3. S. tellinoides, A. Ad., is the same, adolescent; 5. S. purpurea, Desh., adult.]
4. Psammobia maxima, Desh , P. Z. S. 1854, p. 317. Panama. [Closely resem-
bling Ps. rubroradiata, Nutt. Puget Sound.]
19. Mi/tilm ralliopunctatus, Dkr. Cal. and Mazatlan. [No authority for Cal.l
41. Mytilus bifurcatus, Conr.,. J. A. N.S.Phil. Hab.? [Conr. assigns his Nuttallian
specie? to California ; but it is the common Sandw. Is. species, teste Pse.
The Ca'ifornian shell, with the same sculpture, is a Scptifer, and is the
S. bifurcatns of Mus. Cum.]
44. Mytilus Sallei (Drcissina), Reel. Central America. [? On which slope.]
52. Mytilus Cuminyianus, Reel. Panama. [_Septifer.~\
60. Mytilus c/lom'>ratm, Gld. Hab. ? — * [Gould's species is from California, but
the name is attached to a very different shell in Mus. Cum.]
* Several species occur in the recent monographs without locality, which are well
known to inhabit the W. Coast. This is partly due to the writer not thinking it ncces-
t>ary to refer to published books for information, and partly to the changes which have of
late years been made in the principal authority, viz. the Cumingian collection. By the
redistribution of species into the modern genera, the student is greatly aided in his search
for special forms ; but, for the sake of uniformity, the autograph labels of collectors or
describers of species are generally rejected, the names being either in the handwriting of
the clerk or from the printed index in the monograph, and rep resenting only the judg-
ment of the latest worker, which may or may not be correct, i^iionvms, whether real
4 49
5fi4 REPORT— 1863.
11. Modiola capax, Conr. Galapagos, Cumin g. [Lower] California, Nuttall.
Mazatlan, Carpenter. [Reigen is the authority for the shells described
in the Maz. Cat., not Cpr.]
17. Modiola Braziliensis, Chera. " Brazil." [At f. 31, which appears the true
Brazilian shell, we are informed that this specimen is a " variety from
Guayaquil."]
.. Modiola nitens, " Cpr. Cat. Reigen Col. Brit. Mus. California." [The shell
was erroneously described as from " California " in P. Z. S., and does iiot
appear in the Reigen Mazatlan Cat. : —M. subpurpiireus, Mus. Cum.]
5. Lithodomus cinnamominus, Chem. Philippine Is. and St. Thomas, W.I. \_ = L.
cinnamomcuSj Maz. Cat. 177. Probably an Adula.~\
8. Lithodomus Ciimingianus, Dkr., MS. "North Australia and Mazatlan.'' [The
species is figured from the Mazatlan specimen, which may probably be
the adult form of L. calyculatus, Cpr.* The cup is not 'distinct, ' but
shows a tendency to the peculiar formation described in Maz. Cat. no. 174.
Rve.'s diagnosis, however, appears written from Dkr.'s Australian speci-
mens, so labelled in Mus. Guru. — a very distinct species, without incrus-
tations. The name was given by Mr. Coming to a large Chilian species
brought by the U. S. Expl. Exp.]
12. Lithodomus Gruneri, Phil. MS. in Mus. Cum. "N. Zealand." [The species
=L. falcatus, Gld., and is certainly from California, where it is found in
the rocks with Pholadidea penitaJ]
13. Lithodomus teres, Phil. "Mazatlan." [The specimens in Mus. Cum. are
labelled " Cagayan, Phil-."~\
14. Lithodomus coarctata, Dkr. Galapagos, Cuming. \_=Crcnt>lla c.,Maz. Cat. 17".]
16. Lithodomus caudigerus, Lain. "West Indies" [without authority]. "The
calcareous incrustation produced beyond the ant. extremity is no specific
characteristic." [Vide reasons for contrary opinion, Maz. Cat. no. 176:
— L. aristatus. Dr. Stimpson has seen Lithophagus arranging its peculiar
incrustation with its foot.]
24. Lithodomus pessulatus, Rve. (Oct. 1857). Hab. ? — [The unique sp. figured is
labelled " Mazatlan " in Mus. Cum. It resembles plumula, with ventral
transverse rugae.]
26. Lithodomus subida, Rve. Hob. ? — [=Z. plumula, var.J
6. Avicula Cumingii, Rve., March 1857. "Ld. Hood's Is., Pacific Ocean,
attached to rocks, 10 fms., Cuming" \?=zMargaritiphora fimbriata,
Dkr., var.]
9. Avicula barbala, Rve. Panama, under stones at low water, Cuminy. \_ = M.
fimbriata, l)kr., = 3/. Mazatlanica, Hani.] "Diners from Cuming ii in
regular sequence of scales, developed only at margin, and yellowish tone
of colour."
67. Avicula heteroptera, Lam. N. Holland. " —A. sterna, Gld." [Gould's species
is from Gulf Cal. ; but in Mus. Cum. it is marked inside " semisugitta.'''~\
4. Placunanomia foliata, Brod. Is. Muerte, Bay Guayaquil. " May = ec/i^ato,
W. I., but has very much larger orifice."
7. Placunanomia macroschisma, Desh. "Onalaska, Owning" [who never was
there]. Kamtschatka, Desh. [Vancouver district, abundant.]
7. Thracia pltcata, Desh. "Mr. Cuming has specimens from California and St.
Thomas, W. I." [Cape St. Lucas, Xantus.~]
Melania. [Various species are described from " Central America," &c., which
or supposed, are rejected altogether. Thus shells sent to Mr. Cuming, with authentic
name and locality attached, may appear soon after without any, or with erroneous,
quotation. The error is rendered graver by appearing with the weighty authority of
" Mus. Cum."
* The species described in the Brit. Mus. Cat. seldom appear in the monographs,
unless there happen to b3 a specimen in Mus. Cum. Soms of the monographers often
content themselves with figuring the shells that come most easily to hand ; and do not
«eem to consider it a part of their work to pass judgment on previously described
species, or to concern themselves with what are small or difficult.
50
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 5C5
may or may not belong to the Pacific slope. They should be studied
in connexion with U. S. forms, but are not here tabulated.]
50. Melanin Buschiana, live. " California." [No authority. Very like tho
young- of J/. scipio, Gld.]
S67. Melanin m'grina, Lea, MS. in Mus. Cum. "Shasta, California."
08. Cancellaria funicidata, Ilds.,= C. lyrata, Ad. and Rve. Gulf Magdalena.
66. Litorina irrorata, Say. " Sitcha." [The " Sitcha" shell isZ. modesta, Phil.
Say's species is the well-known form from the Gulf of Mexico.]
6. Terebra strigata, Sby., + e/0m7«£a,Wood., =flammea, Less.,= zebra, Kien. "Pa-
nama, Galapagos, and Philippines, Cuming; Moluccas, &c." [Painting
in stripes.]
10. Terebra robusta, Hds. Panama, &c. [ = T. Loroisi, Guer., teste Rve. P. Z. S.
1860, p. 450. Painting splashed.]
12. Terebra variegata, Gray. u Mouth of the Gambia, Senegal, Mazatlan, Co-
lumbia. It is well known to those who have studied the geographical
distribution of animal life, that the fauna of the West African seas,
north of Sierra Leone, is in part identical with the fauna of the seas of
California and the W. Indies ; and geologists, among whom was the late
Prof. E. Forbes, have laboured, not unsuccessfully, to account for this
phenomenon." [ Vide Maz. Cat. p. 157, B. A. Rep. p. 365. In the pre-
sent instance, however, there will be more than one opinion as to the
identity of the species here quoted.] + T. africana, Gray, -f- T. Hupei, Lorois,
-4- T, inte'rtincta, Hds.,-f T. marginata, Desh., + T. albocincta, Cpr., + T.
Hindsii, Cpr.,-f T. subnodosa, Cpr.
72. Terebra armillata, lids. " Panama, Galapagos. Somewhat doubtful whether
this is not a var. of T. variegata" [If the others are, probably this is.
Those species of Hinds, which Mr. Reeve has not altered, are 'not here
repeated.]
32. Terebra dislocata [as Cerithiuni], Say. " Southern U. S. and California." [No
authority given for Cal.]
84. Terebra rttdis, Gray, " —M. rufocinerea, Cpr. S. Carolina, Jay. Somewhat
doubtful whether this is not a var. of dislocata." [The T. rufocinerea is
one of the difficult Mazatlan shells, and should share the fate of T. Hindsii
and T. subnodosa.]
85. Terebra cinerea, Born. " W. Africa, Hennah ; Japan, Hds. ; Philippines,
Cuming] W. I., C. B. Adams; Mazatlan, Cpr." [i. e. Reigen. The same
remarks apply to this group as to variegata, &c.]+ T. castanea, Kien., non
Hds.,+ T. Inurina, Hds.,4- T. luctuosa,ilds.,+ T. stylata, Hds.,+ T. Jamai-
censis, C. B. Ad.
40. Terebra aspera, Hds.,+ T. Petiveriana, Desh. Panama, S. A., Cuming, Bridges,
"2. Calyptraa tortilis, Rve. Galapagos, Owning.
8. Calyptrtea alveolata, A. Ad., MS. Galapagos, Cuming.
4. Crepidida excavata, Brod. Chili [?], Cuming.
C. Crepidida nautiloides* , Less., MS. in Mus. Cum. f<New York." [=C.
dilatata.~\
8. Crepidula marginalis, Brod. Panama, Cuming. [V. Maz. Cat. p. 292, note.]
10. Crepidida rugosa, Nutt. Upper Cal. [An accidentally ribbed specimen,
figured from Mus. Taylor.]
11. Crepidula flmbriata, Rve. (June 1859). Vancouver's Straits. [This is to
navict'lloides, Nutt., no. 97, as Lessonii is to squama j simply an accidentally
frilled var. ]
12. Crepidula adunca, Sby. [Not] Panama. =C. solida, Ilds.,=rostriformis,
Gld. [This is the northern species from Vancouver and Cal., and is not]
=uncata, Mke.
1-3. Crepidida arenata, Brod. St. Elena (not Helena, Desh.\ Cuming.
22. Crepidula aculeata,' Gmd. Lobos Is., Peru, Cuming; California, Nutt., Cpr.
[i. e. Mazatlan, Reigen] ; Hondui-as, Dyson ; Sandw. Is., Austr., Kur-
* Several S. American forms are here quoted for the synonymy ; because in Calyptrceid*
the species often have a wide range, and should be studied in connexion with their
neighbours.
51
566 REPORT— 1863.
rachee, mouth of Indus. + C. hystryx, Brod.,+ C. echinus, Brod ,+ C. Cali-
fornica, Nutt.
24. Crepidula rostrata, C. B. Ad. Panama. [=(7. uncata, Mke., nom. prior. This
tropical form presents distinctive marks.]
28. Crepidula exuviata, Nutt. Monterey. [= C. explanata, Gld.,= C. perforans,
Val. An abnormal form of C. navicelloides, Nutt. : C. nummaria, Gld., is
the opposite extreme.]
29. Crepidula bilobata, Gray ft. ft Cpr.], MS. in Mus. Cum. [=(?. dorsata, Brod.
FiWe Maz. Cat. no. 336, where the origin of the MS. name would have
been found explained. It appears to be principally a northern species
= C. lingulata, Old.]
30. .Crepidula lirata, Rve. [Gulf of] California. [Intermediate form between
C. incurva and C. onyx, described in Maz. Cat. p. 277.]
2. Crucibulum scuteUatum, Gray. "=C. rugosa, Less.,= C. imbricata, Sby., non
Brod." Payta, Less. ; Punta St. Elena, Owning. [ Vide Maz. Cat. no. 343.]
4. Crucibulum rugosum, "Desh., non Less.,= C. li</naria, Brod., ?var. = C. gem-
macea, Val." Island of Chiloe, Cuming. [ Vide Maz. Cat. p. 290.]
6. Crucibulum ferrugineum, Rve. Bav of Conception, Chili, Cuming. [ = C.
quinquina, Less., D'Orb., = C. Byronensis, Gray, in Brit. Mus. Like a
rough degraded form of C. spinosum.']
6. Crucibulum umbrella, Desh. = (7. rudis, Brod. Panama and Real Llejos.
8. „ corrugatum, Cpr. " Cal." [Mazatlan, Jewett, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 204.]
9. „ imbricatum, Brod. Panama. [ = C. imbricatum, Sby., = C. sou-
tellatum, Gray, no. 2, var.]
10. Crucibulum spinosum, Sby. Seas of Central America. [Extends northwards
to California; southwards it degenerates into C. quiriquina.~]=:C. pcziza,
Gray,4-C. hispida, Brod.,+ C. maculata, Brod.,+ C. tubifera, Less.,+ C'.
cinerea, Rve.
11. Crucibulum pectinatwn, Cpr., P. Z. S. 1856, p. 168. Peru. [Panama, Jewett.']
17. „ auritum, Rve.,= C. striata, Brod.; non Say. Valparaiso, Cuming.
[Passes into Galerus.~\
21. Crucibulum serratum, Brod. Real Llejos and Muerte, Cuming. [Like
young of C. pectinatum; nearly transparent; white, with purple ray.]
22. Crucibulum sordidum, Brod.,+ C. unguis, Brod. Valparaiso and Panama, Cum»
ing. [=Galerus', v. Maz. Cat. p. 292, note. The author distributes the
species of this genus between Trochita and CrucilndumJ]
4. Trochita aspera [Rve. as of] C. B. Ad. Panama. [The small var. of Galerus
conicus. Probably = C. aspersa, C. B. Ad., no. 331.]
7. Trochita subreflexa, Cpr., MS. in Mus. Cum. Gulf of California. f= Galerus
subreflexus, Cpr. in P. Z. S. 1855, p. 233.]
9. Trochita corrugata [Pcujus. Comp. Calyptraa corrugata, Brod.]. Callao, Cuming.
8. Trochita spirata, Fbs. a? = P. trochiformis, Chem." Gulf California. [ Vide
antea, p. 542.]
10. Trochita solida [?Rve.]. Conchagua, Mus. Cum. [?= Galerus mamiUaris.]
11. Perna anomioides, Rve. March 1858. California, Mus. Cum. [No autho-
rity; appears = P. costellata, Com-., Sandwich Islands.]
13. Perna Californica [Rve., non] Conr. California, Conr. [i. e. Nutt.~\ Honduras,
Dyson. " Distinguished by the Pedum-like form and clouded, livid
purple colouring. [This is the well-known large Hat West Indian species ;
not known in Califqrnia.]
3. Umbrella ocalis, Cpr. Mouth of Chiriqui River, Bay of Panama, [not] Owning
[but Bridges. The species was also found at Cape St. Lucas by
~
6. lanthina fragilis,~LQm.., = I. striulata, Cpr. West Indies, Mazatlan, California.-
[ Vide Maz. Cat. no. 242 : non /. stnolata, Ad. and Rve.]
19. lanthina decollata, Cpr. Probably =1. globosa, var. [Maz. Cat. no. 243. Of
the two Maz. forms, provisionally named, this appears the least entitled
to specific rank.]
40. ColumbeUa Bri'lgesii, Rve. April 1858. Panama, Bridges. [Appears the
small var. of C. major. ~\
43. ColumbeUa Boivini ^ — Boivinii, Kien.]. Gulf Nicoyia, Hinds.
52
ON MOLLUSCA OP THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 567
46. Columbella acicula, Rve. California. [No authority.]
56. Columbella encamtica, Rve. Gulf California, Lieut. Shipley, Mus. Cum.
57. Columbella vexillum, Rve. Gulf California. [No authority.]
62. Columbella cribraria, Quoy and Gaini. [i. e. Lam.]= C.guttata,S\yy. Panama,
common under stones, Cuming. [No other localities given. V. Niti-
della cribraria, Maz. Cat. no. 613.]
72. Columbella electroides, Rve. Bay of Guayaquil.
74. Columbella Pacifica, Gask. Galapagos.
109. Columbella pusilla, Sby. Island of St. Vincent, W. I. lt- Nitidella Gouldii,
Cpr." [The Nitidella is a distinct Upper Californian species.]
120. Columbella lactea, Rve. Gulf Calif., Mr. Babb, R.N. [A. Nitidella, 80 tran-
sparent that the axis can be seen throughout.]
122, Columbella Sta-Barbarensis, Cpr. Sta. Barbara. " Not merely faintly striated,
teste Cpr., but unusually grooved." [Described from a worn specimen
in Jewett's Col., and named to mark a more northern limit to the genus
than had been assigned by Forbes. The label was probably incorrect, as the
shell lives in the tropical fauna, C. S. Lucas, Xantus : Acapulco, New-
berry ; Guacomayo, Mus. Smiths. The name (as expressing error) should
therefore be altered to C. Reevei, Cpr.]
123. Columbella spadicea, Phil., MS. in Mus. Cum. Mazatlan. [Described by
Phil, in Zeit. f. Mai. 1846: B. A. Rep. p. 225.]
130. Columbella venusta, Rve. [Mazatlan, E. Philippi.'] = C. taniata, Phil, [in
Zeit. f. Mai. 1846], not Ad. ajpd Rve., [Voy. Samar. 1850 ; therefore Phil,
has precedence. ?= Anachis Gaskoinei, Maz. Cat. no. 652. The Sanaa-
rang shell is probably a Nitidella.^
Columbella sulcosa^ Sby. " Annaa and Ld. Hood's Islands *. Cuming.
Columbella Gouldii, Agass., MS. in Mus. Cum., Nov. 1858. [_ = Amycla Goul-
diana, Agass., Atlantic ; non Nitidella Gouldii, Cpr.]
142. Columbella uncinata, Sby. Is. Muerte, Bay Guayaquil. [Acapulco, Jewett.~\
105. Columbella Calif ornica, Rve. April 1859. California. [No authority.
Like Anachis lirataJ]
176. Columbella rorida, Rve. Lord Hood's Island*, Cuming. [Transparent,
glossy, with necklace of opake white dots.]
Genus Meta [ = Conella, Swains, eliminated by Rve. from Columbella; but Anachis,
Strombina, Ami/da (pars), and Nitidella, which do not even belong to
the same family, if the opercula are to be trusted, are left in the old place.
Of the six species, the author only knew the locality for one], M. Lupontice,
Kien. — Ichaboe, South Africa; [but that of] M. ovuloides, " C. B. Ad.,
MS." [is shown by his published works to be Jamaica; and the following
are from the West Coast].
3. Meta ccdonulli, Rve. [La Paz, Mus. Smiths. ; C. S. Lucas, Xantus ; Panama,
JeivettJ]
4. Meta coniformis, Sby. [? Panama, Jeicett.~\
24. Zidphinus luridus, Nutt., MS. in Mus. Cum. California. [Is not known from
tho American coast; comp. Sandwich Islands.]
25. Ziziphinus eximius, Rve., P. Z. S. 1842. Panama, sandy mud, 10 fms.
[=T.versicolor, Mke., 1850, = Z. Calif ornicus, A. Ad., 1851. Scarcely
differs from " Javanicus, Lam.," in Mus. Cum. The form was dredged by
Mr. A. Adam? in the eastern seas.]
Cl. Zhiphimis Antonii, Koch, in Phil. Abbild. pi. 1. f. 4. Australia. [Scarcely
differs from the shouldered var. of Calliostoma lima (Phil.) 0. B. Ad!,
which is called eximiu , Rve., in Brit. Mus. Col.]
23. Trochus Japonicus, Dkr., [represents Pomaulax undostts on the east side].
24. Trochus digitatus, Desh. Distinct from unguis, with base like yibbei osus.
Central America. [Mr. Reeve's distinct shell is perhaps not that of D^sh. ,
and not from the West Coast.]
26. Trochus tmdosus, Wood. = T. gigas, Anton. California f.
* Vide Report, 1856, p. 168, note §§.
t Mr. "Reeve states that, although this* species is most \\Vpgillerosus, "Messrs. Grar and
A.dams contrive to place them in dilicreut genera." \\ i* still uiore rema-rkable that wii le
53
5C8 REPORT— 18C3.
39. Irochvs auripiymentum, Jonas. Panama. [Probably not from W. America.]
17. Phasianella pe'rforata, Phil. Mazatlaii, Panama+7%. compta, Old.* Rather
out of place f > has neither form nor texture of Phasianella. [The aberrant
form is due to the figured specimen being quite young; the adults in
Brit. Mus. Col. prove the texture, colouring, and operc. to be normal.]
Genus Simpulopsis. This group, intermediate between Vitrina and Succinea, ia
stated to be peculiar to Brazil and Mexico, where Vitrina is not known.
In the Monograph of Terebratulidce, which is prepared with unusual care,
and the general introduction to which is well worth attentive perusal by all
students, occur the following species which bear upon the West Coast fauna
or synonymy : —
2. Terebratula (Waldheimia) dilatata, Lam., = 71 Gaudichaudi, Blainv. "Str.
Magellan," teste Gray, in Brit. Mus. Cat., without authority. [The E. E.
specimens varied considerably in outline ; and according to Darwin, and
what we know of the variations of fossil species, it is quite possible to
believe that this and the next species had a common origin. The great
development of this most interesting form, in the cold regions of South
America is extraordinary.]
i 3. Terebratula ( Waldheimia) ytobosa (Val.), Lam., from type. = T. Calif ornica,
Koch. "California, Coquimbo. Californian form well known; small
specimen in Mus. Taylor, marked <de Coquimbo.'" [There appears no
authority for the general belief that this fine species is Californian. It was
taken in abundance by the naturalists of the U. S. E. E. at Orange Bay,
Magellan. The Californian shell, which is probably the original Cali-
fornica, Koch, (not of authors) is a distinct species/teste Eve. from Dr.
Cooper's specimens.]
7. Terebratula (Terebratulina) radiata, Eve., Mus. Cum. ? Straits of Corea,
Belcher. [Very like the adult of T. caurina, Gld.]
11. Terebratula uva, Brod. Bay of Tehuantepec, Guatemala; 10-12 fms. sandy
mud, on dead bivalve, Capt. Dare. Mus. Cum. and De Burgh. [The
analogue of T. vitrea, Med.]
16. Terebratula (Terebratulina) Japonica, Shy., = T. angttsta, Ad. and Eve. Corea,
Japan. "Eepresents T. caput-serpentis, and probably the same."
23. Terebratula physema, Val., MS. (unique), Coquimbo. Gaudichaud, 1833.
May be a colossal, broadly inflated var. of c/lobosa.
G. Orbicula Cumingii, Brod. [Besides information in Eep. pp. 183, 244, is given]
Is. Cana, Guatemala ; sometimes 6-18 fms., Cumin f/. 0. sir it/at a, Brod ,
is a less-worn state of this species. [The type-specimens of l)iscina stri-
gata in Brit. Mus., on Pecten ventricosus, appear very distinct, and are
unusually shelly for the genus.]
excluding Ziziphinus (= Calliostoma), Mr. Reeve " contrives to place " in Trochns animals
shown bv the opercula to belong to different subfamilies, as though we knew no more titan
in Lamarck's days ; his motley group containing Imperator ( = Stella, H. and A. Ad.)-f-
Lithopoma -f- Guildfordia-}- Chrysostoma -f- Bolma -f- Modelia -\- Polydonta -\- Tectus-\-
Pomaulax-\-A.stralium-^-Pachypo'ma-\- Uvanilla. Also in a family the genera and species
of which are mainly recognized by the base and mouth, most of the shells are only figured
on the back. Very often the characters of the aperture are not even stated. Remarkable
liberties are, moreover, sometimes taken with geographical facts, to the great astonishment
of Americans, who expect even their schoolboys to avoid such statements as at sp. 57, Tr.
diminutives, Rve., " Oahu Islands ; " and at sp. 1, Lingula ovalis, Rve., " from W. II.
Pease, Esq., residing at Honolulu, one of the Sandwich Islands."
* P. compta is a distinct Californian species ; its Pvarieties pass into puUa. If Mr.
Keeve can be followed in uniting topulla, pulchella, Reel. \^affin\s-\-tessellaia-\-pulclieUa
-\-concinna, C. B. Ad. ; + tenuis, Phil. -,+ inter media, Scacchi -,-+-Capensis, Dkr. ;+elon-
gata, Krauss, Gould's species should join this goodly company, rather than perforata.
The same standard of union followed among the large shells would greatly lessen the size
of this costly work.
f So is fhasianella rulra, Pease MS., sp. 18, which belongs to Alcyra, A. Ad. j allied
to tiiw/ielus,
54
ON MOLLTJSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 569
authority, must, I think, be a mistake." [The genus has not been found
on the CaHfornian coast by any American collector.]
8 Venus* grata, Shy., + tricolor, Sby. Gulf of Mexico, Mus. Cum. [= Tapes
grata. Say, Panama. The locality-labels have probably been misplaced.
These specimens are undoubtedly from the West Coast, nor has any
authority appeared for the species in the Atlantic. The Gulf of Mexican
" analogue " is T. granulata. The forms are intermediate between Chione
and Tapes.']
9. Venus multicostata, Sby. Bay of Panama, in coarse sand at low water, Cuming.
" Probably = V.Listeri, var., with ribs more tumidly thickened androunded."
[The West Coast shells are distinguished by the very slight crenulation
of the ribs at the sides.]
19. Venus asperrima, Sby. Guacomayo, Centr. Am., sandy mud, 13 fms., Coming.
"A form of pectorina ; shell of lighter substance, broader and more de-
pressed ; sculpture more elevately and definitely latticed." [This is the
shell named by Mr. Ciiming V. cardioides, Lam., and should take that
name, as prior to Sby.'s, if really distinct from pectorina. Also from
Panama. Mus. Smiths.]
22. Venus discors, Sby., jun. St. Elena and Guacomayo, Centr. Am., sandy mud,
6-9 fms., Owning. u Concentric decussating ridges cease abruptly at the
posterior third." [Character very variable, even in the type-specimens j
= T. grata, Say, var.]
25. Venus pectorina, Lam., p. 344,4- V. cardioides, Lam. Centr. Am., Mus. Cum.
[Probably Atlantic ; much heavier and stumpy ; sculpture coarser ; teeth
more like casina, whereas cardioides, no. 19, has a long anterior tooth
like sugillata f.]
26. Venus cingulata, Lam.,=/>M^'mna, Brod. W. Columbia, Cuming. [= V.
Pinacatcnsis, Sloat, MS. in Mus. Smiths. Guaymas. The peculiar
smoothing-off of the central sculpture in the adult may be varietal. It
is improbable that Lam. was acquainted with the species.]
83. Venus cremdata, Chem.,=crenata, Grnel. W. I. = V. eximia, Phil., 4- V. cre-
nifera, Sby., 4- V. Portesiana, D'Orb. [Not to be confounded with the
V. crenifera, Maz. Cat. : has a small Cyprinoid lateral tooth, but no
radiating ribs near hmule, nor long anterior tooth t.]
35. Venus Calif ornicmis, Brod.,= V. leucodon, Sby. Guaymas, Gulf Cal., sandy
mud, low water, [teste] Cuming. Mus. Cum. [= V. crassa, Sloat, MS. in
Mus. Smiths. Not V. Califormana, Conr.,= V. simillima, Sby. This
species, with V. neglect a, compta, &c., having the mantle-bend nearly
obsolete, approach Anomalocardia subimbricata, and with that species
form a natural group, differing from the typical Venus as Lioconcha does
from Callista:= V. succincta, Val.]
41. Venus Kennerkyi, Cpr., MS. J in Mus. Cum. Hob. — ? [Puget Sound,
Kennerlcy.~\
43. Venus sugillata, Rve. California, Mus, Cum. Characterized by the shining
purple umbos, finely latticed sculpture, dark-stained lunule and liga-
mentary area. [ = " V. crenifera, Sby., teste Rve.," Maz. Cat. no. 105,
in all essential characteis. Differs in the long anterior tooth being still
* Through the kindness of Mr. Reeve, with a view to the completion of this Eeport,
I was enabled to compare the figured specimens in this genus with the text, and with
the shells of the Smithsonian collection, before they were distributed. The bracketed notes
in the text are based on this examination. They are given with unusual detail, because
of the unique opportunity of throwing some light on a confessedly difficult family.
t The characters of the teetli and pallial line frequently afford satisfactory diagnostic
marks between critical species, which are often orerlooked by monographers.
$ The descriptions of Dr. Kennerley's shells had long been written, and would have
been published but for the American war. The localities of all the West Coast shells sent
from the Smiths. CoL to Mr. Cuming were dulj marked in the accompanying catalogues,
55
G70 REPORT— 1863.
longer, and in the purple colour. This, however, in the figured speci-
men, has been brought-out by the free use of acid, and the markings have
been considerably obliterated by the " beautifying " process.]
44, Venus similUma, Sby. San Diego, CaL "Resembles V. compta in detail of
sculpture " [but perfectly distinct, belonging to the amutlnma group.
It shows the evil of the very brief diagnoses of the earlier conchologists
that so discriminating an author as Mr. Conrad should have taken this
shell for the V. CaUforniensii, Brod. ; and, quoting it (lapsu) as V. Cali-
forniana, redescribed the true V. Californiensis as V. Nuttallii. It is
'known by the great closeness of the fine sharp ribs.]
46. Venus — crenulata, no. 33, very distinct var. Gulf Cal. ; more globose, interior
purple rose. [This was sent as " Cape St. Lucas, Xantus" It appears
truly distinct from the "W. I. crenulata, and to be the normal form
of which pulicaria, no. 26, is an extreme var. Inside, and outside in
the adolescent state, they agree exactly ; differing outside, in the adult,
in snioothed-ofr'ribs and more distinct V -markings. Mr. Reeve, however,
still thinks it more like crenifera. It may stand as " ? var. Klacina"~\
47. Venus ffibbosula, Desh., MS. in Mus. Cum. Hob. ? — [Guaymas : = V. Cortezi,
Sloat. This is the more rounded and porcellanous form of V.Jktctifraga,
= V. Nwttalli of Brit. Assoc. Report, and Nuttallian paper in P. Z. S.
1856, p. 21 ; but not the true V. Nwttalli, Conr., v. infra, no. 49. Interior
margin very finely erenated on both sides of the hinge.]
43. Venus compta, Brod. Bay of Sechura, Peru, coarse sand and mud, 7 fms.,
C timing. [This rare species seems to represent V. Californiensis in the
South American fauna. It is well distinguished by its shouldered form,
produced ventrally, and by the Circoid pallia! line, far removed from the-
margin. Guacomayo, Mus. Smiths.]
49. Venus Nifttalli, Conr. * California. [Named from type, teste Conr. ip«., v.
antea, p. 520. This is the dull northern form of V. sitccincta, a.*fffncti-
frayu is of yibbosttla, the species appearing nearly in the same parallels in
the Gulf and on the Pacific coast, but not found in the Liverpool Reigeu
Co1.; nor at Cape St. I.ucas. In all essential characters, Nuttalli( though
pointed) an 1 Cafiforniensis (though rounded) appear the same; but Mr.
Reeve s'ill thinks otherwise. The figured specimen has been altered with
acid. The F. excacata is not noticed by Mr. R.j
51. Venus mundulus, Rve. Hetb. ? — [This shell was obtained by Dr. Stimpson
in the N. P. Expl.Exp., and bears the Smiths. Cat. number " 1845. San
Francisco, very common at low water," = Tapes dirersa, Sby. Jan. This
is the highly painted, finely sculptured state of T. stamiwu, Com*, (not
'• T. straminea, Conr." Sby.,= T. grata < var.) The abnormally ridged form
is V. ruderata, Desh. Conch. Ic. sp. 130. By its large pallia! siuus and
bifid teeth it is a true Tapes.']
62. Venus intersecta, Sby. Puerto Puero [PPortrerol, Centr. Am., Owning*
[The shell is exactly identical with no. 19, asj.erriina—cardioidbs; but the
ngure might mislead, the colour-lines appearing as rib-*.]
64. Venus siibrostrata, Lam.* vi. p. 343, = V. neylecta, [Gray": Sl>v. Unit. MftznUan
and West Indies. " Lam. having cited a figure of th° China species, V. La-
marcJiii, the species was lost sight of till Sby. renamed it." [T he La nun •ck-
ian species was probably West Indian. V. negtecUi closely resembles
the young of V. Californiensis, but has the ligamental area smooth only
on one valve, instead of both.]
69. Venus Stutchliwui (Gray), Wood, Sindwich Is. Comes very near to the
Californian V. callosa, [Sby., non] Conr., of wh'ch specimens have been
found also at the Sandwich Is. \_V. Stittcltbun/i is the New Zealand
species, which may easily be confounded with the Califomian. Although
both may be obtained at the Sandwich Is., there is no evidence that either
* In critical species, when it is impossible to be positive which of two or more was
intended by an old author, it appears best to retain the name of the first discriminator.
The old name belongs to the general form : the discriminator ought to retain it for ft
part j but if that has not been done, it avoids confusion to drop it.
56
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 571
lives there. The shell here figured is beaked like Nuttatti, no. 49 ; lu-
nule very faint ; concentric ridges very faint, but sharp ; radiating ribs
verv coarse. Inside deeply stained ; margin not ere lated on the sharp
anterior edge, though faintly on the lunule ; hinge-teeth stumpy.]
CO. Venus musearia, Rve. Hob. ?— [Has the aspect of a West Coast species,
between cardioides and fine var. of staminea ; sinus large ; teeth strong,
not biiid ; lunule with radiating ribs.]
C8. Venus undtitella, Sby. Gulf Calif. [Not a satisfactory species, the type
havin<r the aspect of a poor specimen altered for cabinet. The " sculpture
much changing in its development towards the margin " is an accident
often seen in the cancellated species. Similar specimens of V. nenlecta,
no. 54, collected at Cape St. Lucas b^y Mr. Xantus, agree with urulatetta
in all respects, except that this is violet within, neylccta being white.
Ligament-area (as in neglecta) smooth in one valve only.]
77. Venus Adamsii, Rve. Japan. [Closely related to Tapes laciniata, San Diego,
in size, aspect, hinge, &c. Differs in mantle-bend being not so long or
pointed, and the radiating sculpture much finer := V. rigida, Gld., MS., in
Stimpson's list; non Gld. in l Otia.']
80. Venus omatissima, Brod. Panama, sandy mud, 10 fms., Cuming. Still unique.
[Like V. ffnidia, jun., but radiating ribs coarser and more distant ; con-
centric frills not palmated ; lunule pale, laminated.]
87. Venus callosa [Sby., non] Conr. Sandwich4 Is. and Calif. [Vide note to no.
59. This is the V. Nicttattii of the Brit. Assoc. Report. Those who regard
it as distinct from. fluctifraga, of which gibbosula, no. 47, is the extreme
form, may retain the name callosa of Sby., but not of Conr. Conrad's
species = C. nobilis, Rve. ; differing from the true Oa&iste, as Mercenaria
does from Venus, in having the ligament-plate rugose.] = V.fluctifraga,
Sby., teste Rve. in errata.
105. Venus biUneata, Rve. Gulf Calif. Partakes of the characters of compta
and subimbricata: all three may indeed be different states of one and the
same species. [The shell figured at 1056 has all the peculiar features of
compta, which are clearly marked within; only the concentric waves are
closer than usual. The shell figured at 105a appears to be the true wt-
datella, only in fine condition, the type being rubbed. It has exactly the
same internal characters, including colour; only the colour-lines outside
are arranged in rays instead of V s- Mr- Reeve, however, retains his differ-
ent opinion.]
116. Venus Ct/pria, Sby., P. Z. S. 1852. Is. Plata, West Columbia. [From sani3
district, teste Schott in Mus. Smiths.] Has all the appearance of being
an attenuately produced form of the West Indian V. papliia [which is
also from Cape Verd Is., teste Macgillivray in Brit. Mus.].
11. Dione* maculata, List. West Indies ; Brazil; Pacific Ocean. Widely distri-
buted in both hemispheres. [No authority for the Old World ; the Pacific
shells are Callista chioncsa, var.]
15. Dione nobilis, Rve., 1849. Cal. [=C. callosa, Conr., 1837. The original
name, from type, had been communicated to Mr. R., but is not quoted.
20. Dione semilamellosaJ[,(j(^\\A..,— C.lupanaria, Less. Centr. Am. [ = lupinaria,
Maz. Cat, no. 95. Vide Deless. Rec. Coq. pi. 19. f. 2 : " China Seas," no
authority.]
21. Dione breviyrinata, Ttve., = brevispina, Sby. [Gulf of ] California. [Scarcely
differs from C. rosea, jun.]
22. Diane multispinosa, Sby. Peru. Concentric ridges thinly laminated ; spinrs
slender and numerous. [An extreme form of the Pacific C. Dione (tes;e
Hani.) ; distinct from semilamellosaJ]
23. Dione Veneris, D'Arg. Conch, pi. 21. f. l,= V. Dione, Ln. West Ind.
and
* The figured types of this genus had been accidentally mislaid ; and might alter the
judgments given in the text.
t " For obvious reasons, I think it best to abandon the foul name given to this lovely
species by Lesson," Rve. (Vide Maz. Cat. p. 70, note.) ? We old not the same reasons
lead to the alteration of meretrix, impudica, &c.
57
572 REPORT— 18G3.
Centr. Am. [The Pacific shells should rank with species 22, if sup-
posed distinct. The fig. is 24, not 23.]
24. Dione exspinata, Rve. Centr. Am. Distinct, if the others are ; like semila-
mettosa, without spines. [Appears to be C. rosea,jvm. The fig. is 23,
not 24.]
25. I Dione circinata, Born. Mazatlan, Mus. Cum. [without authority.] = F.
28; a, b. \ rubra, Gmel.,+ F. Guincensis, Gmel.,-f (7. alternata, Brod. [f. 28 repre-
sents alternatci", the other figures appear to be from West Indian spe-
cimens, though that ancient locality is not mentioned. Several of the
reputed West Coast shells are, however, of the typical form and colour.]
83. Dime unicolor, Sby., = Chione badia, Gray,= Cyth. liffiila, Anton. \V. Columbia.
38. Dione prora, Conr. " Cape St. Lucas, Xantus, California ; Carpenter."
[A very distinct form among the thin inflated species j only yet found at
the Sandwich Is., v. no. 45.]
45. "(Miis. Smithsonian Institute of N. America.) This shell, from Cape St.
Lucas, Xantus, California, proves to be the Dione prora ( Cytherea prora,
Conr.) of our preceding plate." [Mr. Sowerby's figure well represents
the unique specimen from Cape St. Lucas, which was taken alive by Mr.
Xantus. The quotations in Couch. Ic. would lead to the inference that
" Xantus " was regarded as that part of " California " in which Cape St.
Lucas is situated. Both the external and internal characters require
that a separate name be given to the shell, which stands as Callista pol-
licaris, Annals Nat. Hist. vol. xiii. p. 312.]
46. Cytherea consanguinea, C. B. Ad. Mus. Cum. Apparently a small spe-
cimen of a variety of C. Iceta. [Panama. Differs from C. Iceta in inter-
nal characters.]
62. Dione pannosa, Sby., = Cytherea lutea, Koch, + Callista puella, Cpr. Chili,
Peru, Mazatlan. [No authority for Mazatlan. The name pnetta given
to the Cape St. Lucas specimens was intended as varietal ; although
Mr. C uming regards the Peruvian and Peninsular forms as distinct. It
is not known along the Central American coast.]
25. Circe nummulina, Lam. " Central America." [Probably not from the
American seas. Admiral Sir E. Belcher is, however, confident that he
dredged many well-known E. Indian forms in deep water, off San Bias.]
27. Cytherea. In this genus are grouped the Trigonce j besides the typical species,
= Meretrix, Gray.
3. Cytherea crassatelloides, Conr. "Bay of California." [Not known geogra-
phically. The shell is not found in the Gulf, bein°f a most characteristic
Californian species. San Francisco, S. Diego, £c.J
27. Cytherea radiata, Sby., -f C. gracihor, Sby.,= F. Salangensis, D'0rb.= T. By-
ronensis, Gray. Salango and Xipixapi, 9 fms. sandy mud, Owning.
45. Cytherea nitidula, Lam. Mediterranean. [The figures and descriptions of
Sby. and Rve. well represent specimens from Cape St. Lucas, Xattlus.
Perhaps not identical with Lam.'s species.]
9. Tapes grata, Desh. Philippines. [May stand as T. Deshayesii, if it be con-
ceded that Say's F. grata ranks best with Tapes."]
7. Solarium granulatum, Lam. Mexico.
8. Solarium verrucosum, Phil. W. Indies. ? = S.. gramdatnm, var.
13. Solarium placentula, [Rve. = placentale,'] Hds. Bay Magdalena, 7 fms., BeMier.
19. Solarium quadriceps, Hds. Panama. Y oung state of same type as sp. 7 and 8,
" from same locality (Pan., Mex., W. I.)," but grows much larger. [The
Texan shells in Mus. Smiths, are as large as those from Cape St. Lucas :
the variations on each coast are coordinate.]
63. Kiener. — The following species may be added to the list quoted from
" Coquilles Vivantes," in Rep. pp. 293, 294 :—
Page. PL Fig.
15. I jY £ > Conus regius, Chem.,= C. princeps, Ln., W. Mexico.
212f 1 100 11* \ Conus Larymierti> Kien- Mexico, [Coast not stated.]
58
0\ MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 573
Page. PL Fig.
21o. 98. 2. Conus Philippii, Kien. Mexico. [Coast not seated.]
65. 27. 3. Pleurotoma triticea, Kien. Indian Ocean. [Probably Cithara
stromboides, Val. ; Cape St. Lucas.]
45. - 9. 2. Columbetta suturalis, Gray (Griff, pi. 41. f. 2)=C. costata, Duel.
Mon. pi. 12. f. 1, 2. Pacific, Coasts of Peru \_ = Anachis Jiuc-
tuata, oby.].
46. 16. 4. Columbetta bicolor, Kien. jHii&. ? — [=-4. rugosaJ]
64, 65. (German Authors.} Pfeiffer. — Everything relating to the land-
shells of North America will be found so thoroughly collated in the works
of Mr. Binney (v. infra), that it is only judged needful to present here the
most important references to the writings of the great authority on the
Pulmonata. The student must necessarily consult the ' Symbolae ad Histo-
riam Heliceorum, Cassel, 1841 ' et seq., which contains the following ori-
ginal authorities : —
1846. p. 89. Achatina California, Pfr. Monterey, Cal.
91. Achatina (Glandina) turris, Pfr. Ifab. ? — [Genus altered to Oleacina,
Mon. Hel. iv. p. 640. Maz. Cat. 231.]
In the same author's great work, ' Monographia Heliceorum Viventium/
Lipsiae, 1847-8, occur —
Page.
Vol. I. 1847. 324. Helix Sagraiana, D'Orb. Cuba, California. [Sowerby's
error, copied by succeeding writers. The species is ex-
clusively Cuban.]
338. Helix J/d Us, Gray. Oregon. = H. Nuttattiana, Lea.
339. Helix Califo niensis, Lea. California. + H. Nicldiniana,
Lea. [Quoted as a distinct species in Vol. IV. p. 269.]
(Vol. 3. 229. = //. arboretorwn, Val.)
341. Helix I'ownsendiana, Lea. California.
(Vol. 3. 229. =H. pedestris, Gld.,+nwto, Gld.)
428. Helix Orenonensis, Lea. Oregon.
(Vol. 4. 227. =H. Dupetithouarsii, teste Pfr.)
Vol.11. 1848. 101. Bulimus Mexicanus, Lam. Tabasco, Mexico. = H. (Cochlo-
gena) vittata, Fer.
(Vol.4. 402. = Orthalicus M., Cpr.)
143. Bulimus zebra, Mull.* Mexico. &c . = Zebra Miilleri, Chem.
= lJulimus undatus, Brug. * = Orthalicus livens, Beck*,
4- B. princeps, Brod. + -Z>. melanocheilus, Val.
231. Bulimus (Cochlogena) melania, Fer. California. =Melania
striata, Perry = B. borinus, Brug.
Vol. ill. 1853. 127. Helix Pandora, Fbs. St. Juan del Fuaco.
(Vol.4. 347. =//. Damascenus, Gld.)
415. Bulimus Humboldti, Rve. = B. Mexicanus, Val. [? non Lam.]
Mexico.
422. Bulimus Californicus, Rve. California.
Vol. IV. 1859. 89. Helix Mazatlanica, Pfr., n. s. (Mai. Blatt, Apr. 1856, p. 43.)
Mazatlan.
268. Helix exarata, Pfr., n. s. California.
270. Helix reticulata, Pfr. (Mai. Blatt. May 1857, p. 87). Cal.
276. Helix Monnotmm, Pfr. Mormon Island, California.
347. Helix cultellata, Thomson. Contra Costa Co., California.
350. Helix arrosa, Gld. Hab.? — [ California.] -4- eera^'no^ a, Gld.
420. Bulimus chordatus, Pfr. (Mai. Blatt., April 1856, p. 46.)
Mazatlan.
472. Bulimus Ziegleri, Pfr. (Mai. Blatt., Dec. 1856, p. 232.)
Mexico. '—Orthalicus Z., Cpr.
* These appear as three cli-Hnct species in Vol. IV. p. 588-9, with the addition of B.
longus, Pfr. (= Orthalicus L, ALaL Blatt., Oct. 1856, p. 187.)
59
574 REPORT — 1863.
In the 'Honographia Pneumonopomorum Yiventium, <fcc., Cassellis, 1851V
by the same learned author, the following is the only species which occurs : —
Suppl. 1858, Vol. II. p. 7. Truncatella Californica, Pfr. San Diego.
In Wiegmann's ( Archives fur Nat./ 1837, vol. i. p. 285, occurs the fol-
lowing species, also without authority : —
Perna quadrata, Anton. California.
In Troschel's ' Archives fur Natur ' are quoted the following : —
1843. Vol. II. p. 140. Fasciolaria sidcata, Less. Acapulco.
1849. „ p. 99. Terebratula Californica, Linsley.
In the 'Abbildungen und Beschreibungen neuer oder wenig gekanntor
Conchylien, herausgegeben von Dr. R. A. Philippi,' Cassel, 1845-51, are
figured the following, which must be quoted as being original descriptions, or
for the synonymy: —
Page. PL Fig.
Feb. 1846. 4. 1. 9. Cyrma solida, Phil. California, &c.
Aug. 1846. 24.4. 7. Tettina pisiformis, Ln. Mazatlan, &C.—L. pulchella, Ad.
? = Cardium rliscors, Mont.
Oct. 1844. 4 Cytherea Dunlin. Phil. W. C. Mexico. = C. Pacifca,
Mus. Berol., non Dillw.
Apr. 1847. 33. 7. 1. Cytherea (Artemis) gigantea, Sby. California. ?= Ar-
temis ponderosa, Gray.
Jan. 1845. 1. 1. 1. Murex nigritus, Phil. " ? W. C. Mexico.
April 1847. 11. 7,8. 1. Haliotis fulgens, Phil. ? California, = H. splendens, Rve.
Oct. 1846. 5. 2.1,10. Turbo Fokkesii, Jonas. Gulf of California.
8. 2. 9. Trochus strigilatus, Ant. California. = T. peHtf-serpentis,
Wood.
July 1844. 7. 2. 5. Patella (Acnuea) discors, Phil. Mexico.
April 1850. 9. 2. 8. Lucina obliqua, Phil. ? W. C. America.
9. 2. 9. Lucina pisum, Phil. Mazatlan.
2. 1. 3. Pecten tunica, Phil. "Sandwich Islands*. E. B.
Philippic Jan. 1844. [_=P- latiauritus, Conr., teste
Hani. S. Diego, &c.]
5. 1. 5. Pecten Fabricii, Phil. Greenland. [ = P. Islandieus,
jun. Non P. Fabricii, Gld., = P. Hindsii, jun.]
11. 6. 9. Litorina aberrans, Phil., P. Z. S. 1845, p. 142. Pa-
nama, on rocks. [ = Tall var. of Z. conqpersa.]
In Dr. L. Pferffer's ' Novitates Conchologicae,' Series II., Marine Shells, by
Dr. W. Dunker, Cassel, 1858, occur the following species from Sitka : —
Page. PI. Fig.
1. 1. 3, 4. Tritonium carinatum, Dkr. Sitka. [Should be pi. 2. f. 3, 4.]
[= T. angulosum, Morch, on plate.]
' '.i... • 'TI/T--..-!' _ TM ci*xi-_
2. 1. 1, 2. Tritonium Morchianum, Dkr. Sitka.
3. 2. 5, 6. Tritonitim rutilum, Morch. „
4. 1. 5, 6. Tritonium Rombergi, Dkr. „
2. 2. 3, 4. Neptunea harpa, Morch. n
7. 2. 1, 2. Neptunea castanea, Morch. „
"Should be pi. 2. f. 1, S.j
"Should be pi. 1. f. 5, 6.1
'ShouM be pi. 2. f. 5, 6.1
'ShouM'be pi. 1. f. 3, <1H
"Should be pi. 1. f. i, 2.]
[ = JV. badia, on plate.]
35. 10. 6, 7. Murex (Hemifusus) Belcheri,Rds., var. ?— [= Cfcorw* 1?., L. Cal.]
39. 12. 7-9. Cytherea ( Tivela) arguta, Rom. Isthmus of Panama. Resembles
C. (Trigond) mactroidcs, Born. [Probably Caribbean.]
66. British Museum Collection. — " Lunatia ravida, Souleyet, Panama,"
* A large number of Califormaii shells have been assigned to the, Sandwich Is., in con-
sequence of the abundant trade between the two localities. They may often have beer
obtained at Honolulu by naturalists, who had no reason to doubt their having lived ther*
All that is known of the genuine Hawaian fauna will shortly be published by Mr. Sow-
erby, for W. H. Pease, Esq.., of Honolulu.
60
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 5/O
is given without authority; and the locality is probably erroneous. Various
other shells are scattered in the national collection, assigned either generally
to the West Coast or to special localities, which it has not been considered
needful to tabulate without confirmation.
68. ' Various sources. — Under this head may be arranged gleanings from
European authors not consulted in preparing the first Report.
In the < Histoire Naturelle des Coquilles,' by L. A. G. Bosc, Paris, 1830,
the following species, not previously quoted, are assigned to the West Coast,
but without authority : —
Vol. Page.
III. 44. Venus pfij)liia. W. America.
280. Nerita fu'gurans, Bosc. W. C. America.
290. Natica rvyosa, Chem. „
IV. 60. Helix pereyrina. Island on „
152. Trochus solans. „ &c.
156. Trochus radiatus. ,, &c.
219. Murex lima. W. C. N. America.
In Lesson's ' Illustrations de Zoologie,' Paris, 1831-2, appear —
Plate.
2. Calypceopsis tubifera, Less. \_= Crucibulum spinosum\.
41. (1832.) Trichotropm So'werUensis, Lesson. Seas of New World. = Trichotropm
bicarinata, Br. & Sby. = Turbo bicarinatus, Sby.
48. Terebra flammea, Less. [?=T. striyosa~], Antilles; Isth. Panama.
51. Tegula ekyans, Less. \_=T. pellis-serpentis]. Isth. Panama.
The following West Coast shells are named and figured by Dr. Gray in
' Griffith's Edition of Cuvier's Animal Kingdom,' London, 1834. In some
instances there are also a few words of description : —
Plate. Fig.
1. 3. Litorina pulchra.
41. 5. Turbenella ceratus [? Turbinellus\.
4] . 6. Columbella suturalis [Kiener figures this shell for Anachis fluctuata, Sby.,
1832. The original might stand for many species].
36. 2. Nassa Northice \_=Northia serrata, Kien.1.
36. 3. Turbinella tubercular? s [ = Latirus tuberculatus ( = ceratus, C. B. Ad.)].
23. 5. Terebra Africana. [The Gulf Cal. shell, = varicyata.~]
25. 2. Triton (Pusio^) elegans \_ = Pisania insignis, Rvev 1846J.
37. 2. Columbella harpaformis \L = harpiformis, Sby.].
37. 6. Clavatula Griffithii. [Probably = PL fiuiiculata. The shells in this plato
are reversed, but are repeated correctly in pi. 37 *.]
19. 1. Cytherea Dronea, var. [ = C. semilamellosa, Gaud. ; perhaps intended frr
C. dione, var.].
In Woodward's most valuable ' Manual of the Mollusca,' London, 1851-6,
the following species are quoted as from " California " : —
Page. PL Fig.
108. 5. 5. Cancellaria reticulata, Dillw. [?W. Indies.]
171. Physa Maugera. [? Ecuador.]
329. 23. 22. Parapholas bisulcata, Conr. [y. Eep. p. 265. Not known from tho
Californian or W. Mexican coasts. Resembles P. caha~\.
In the very valuable handbook of bivalves, ' Recent Shells, by S. Hanley,
London, 1842-56,' will be found either quoted or original diagnoses of all
West Coast species known to the learned, patient, and minutely exact com-
piler. As the locality-marks are simply transcripts, they are not here repeated,
especially as " California " is used for both the temperate and the tropical
faunas. The following synonyms will be serviceable to the student : —
Page.
!<•>.. Solen snbteres, Conrv ? = £ Dombei, ? -f Cahfornianus. Upper Cal.
28. Littraria lineata. Say;= (Cryptodon) Nuttallii [teste Hani., non] Conr,
61
076 REPOBT-— 18-7*.
Page.
72. Tellina incompicua, Br. and Sby., r = Sanguinolaria [ Calif orniana} Conr., nonl
fusca, Conr. [=the Eastern species].
In the Appendix are the following species, of which small figures are given
to correspond with those in Wood's Ind. Test : —
Papc. PL Fie.
339. 13. 50. Periploma obtusa, Hani. W. America.
341. 12. 5. Amphidesma proximum, C. B. Ad., = -4. corrugatum, Ad. Mexico.
373. 18. 51. ^4m* Reeveana, D'Orb. W. America. = A. squamosa, var., D'Orb.
= ^4. Ilelbinyii, Rve.
388. 24. 40. Meleagrina Mazatlanica, Hani. Mazatlan [— M. fonbriata, Dkr.].
The following are extracted from the * Journal de Conchy liologie/ Paris,
1850 :—
Page. PL Fig.
No. 1. Feb. 1850. 57. 3. 4. Columbella Haneti, Petit. ? Mazatlan.
4. Dec. 1850. 410. Observations on Nerita scabricosta, Lain., by
Petit. West Coast of N. America.
Vol. 3. 1852. 57. 2. 11. Mitra Haneti, Petit. Mazatlan.
4. 1853. 53. 2. 11,12. Natica Taslei, Reel. Mazatlan.
4. 1853.84,166.6. 13-15. Gnathodon trigonum, Petit. Mazatlan \_ — M.
mendica, Old., 1851],
4. 1853. 119. 5. 12. Recluzia Rollandiana, Reel. [Genus de-
scribed.] Mazatlan.
4. 1853. 154. 5. 9,10. Natica Moquiniana, Reel. PWest Coast of
America.
Series II.
Vol.2. Oct. 1857. 171. AdeorUs Verrauxii, Fischer. ) p.vi..
285. 6. Skenea Verrauxii, Fischer. ( L
292. Review of the Brit. Assoc. Report and Brit.
Mus. Reigen Catalogue, by Fischer.
Vol. 9. 209. Review of the Smithsonian Check Lists, by
Fischer.
The following species are figured in Chenu's ' Illustrations Conchyliolo-
giques ' ; but no authority is given for the localities, nor etymology for the
remarkable names : —
Page. PL Fig.
8. 2. 19, 20. Oli>:a sebuia, Duel. Acapulco.
13. 7. 3, 4, 21, 22. Oliva caldania, Duel. California.
13. 7. 5, 9, 23, 24. Oliva razamola, Duel. California.
17. •lie i' o ir» 11 > Olivia azemula, Duel. California.
| lo. 1, J, 1U, 11. \
19. 16. 7, 8. Oliva mantichora, Duel. California.
19. | J7* 7% I Oliva pindarina, Duel. California.
28. 27. 9, 10. Oliva todosina, Duel. California.
An excellent commentary on the above species, and on the difficult genus
to which they belong, is supplied in the * Revue Critique du genre Oliva,' by
M. Ducros de St. Germain, Clermont, 1857. It was written, not from the
well-known London collections, but from a very large series containing all
the types figured by Duclos. The following is the author's arrangement of
the West Coast forms, excluding citations of well-known species.
No. Page.
25. 49. Oliva angulata does not include azemula, Duel., as Rve. says; that being
a var. of ponderosa-\-eri/throstoma.
20. 50. Oliva Maria, n.s., pi. 2. f. 26, a, b ; intermediate between Julirtta and an-
ffulata. California, teste Duclos. [Appears to be one of the vars. of
Cumingti. ]
28. 52. Oliva reticHlaris. To the typical W. Indian shells are united tho^e from
California, Panama, Madagascar, Japan, N. Holland, N. Zealand, &c.
62
ON MOULUSCA OP THE WEST COASf OP NORTH AMERICA. 577
bo. Fage.
The synonymy includes venulata-\-araneosa-\-Cumin()ii-{'Wiola (Duel.
non I Jam.)' + pindarina + fusiformi> + timoria -\- obesina -f tisiphona -f
memnonia-\-aldinia -}-oni*ka-{- caldania -f- harpularia -\- Candida -\- ustulata.
C3. 83. Oliva ftberiee, Rve. Mazatlan, J?d. Verreaiuc. = [testacetf, var.]
G/. -8c>. (X'u3« Dcsliayesiana, n. s. Atlas, pi. 3. f. 67, «, 5 : intermediate between
Bra-iliensis and auricularia* California, teste Duclos. [Certainly not
from the West Coast.]
63, 87. Oliva volutetta, Lam.-t-razamola, Duel.
71. 89. Oliva undatella, Ifam^nedulina, Duel. ; but not ozodona, Duel., as Rve.
says.
73. 89. Oliva lineolata. Gray in Wood's Ind. Test. =purpurata, Swain s.=dama,
Duel. [i. e. dama, Goodall in Wood, = lineolata, Gray MS. in B. M.,
Zool. Beech. Voy.J
75. 91. Oliva selasia, Duel. Acapulco j teste Duel. " We know nothing of this
remarkable shell but the specimen figured by the author."
85. 96. Oliva mutica, Say -\-ntJifasciata, Rye. [assigned by error to the- California!!
O. bcetica, va,r.^-\-Jimbriaia, Rve.
In the most recent and among the most valuable of the contributions to
our knowledge of local faunas, ' Mollusques de 1'ile de la Reunion, par M.
G. P. Deshayes,' Paris, 1863, occur very unexpectedly the following species
connected with the West Coast, either by name or by identity. The list of
530 species from this little island, which the researches of M. Maillard has
brought to light, contains several West Indian forms and a large number
known in the Central Pacific and even the Sandwich Islands.
No. Page.
38. 16. Chama imbricata, Brod.
47. 19. Lucina tujerina, Ln. " Common on sands, with Capsa deflorata, as at
the Antilles."
65. 23. Modiola cinnamomea, Chem. [Botula, Morch, teste A. Ad.]
110. 40. Chiton sangmnem, Desh. pi. 6. f. 4-7. [Non Ch. sanyumeus, Rve. As
the West Coast shell = Ischnochiton limaciformis, Sby., the Bourbon
species may retain its name, especially if, as is probable, it belongs to
another genus.]
197. 68. Solarium [Torinia] varieyatum, Lam.
216. 74. Turbo phasianellus, Desh. Minute edition of T. petholatus ; nacreous.
[Not congeneric with T. phasianella (Phil.), C. B. Ad., Panama sheila,
no. 282.]
233. 79. Natica Marocchimsis, Lam., Q. and G. Astr. pi. 66. f. 16-19. [? = ma-
roccana, Chem.]
307. 95. Cerithium wncinatum, Gmel. Thes. Conch, pi. 180. f. 78, 79. [?= C. un-
cinatum (Gmel.), Sby.]
393. 114. Purpura patula, Lam. fl^inn.].
403. 115. Purpura^ ochrostoma (Bl.), Rve. [Sistrum\.
405. 115. Purpura (Coralliophila) madreporarum,Sl>j. [? Rhizocheilus. =s.Lepto-
conchm monodonta, Quoy, teste Gld. Otia, p. 215.]
446. 132. Terebra luctnosa, Hds.
560. 140. Cerithium Gallapac/inis (A. Ad.), Sby. Thes. [Sby.'s species = inter-
ruptum, Mke., non C. B. Ad., no. 198, rough var.] *
93. Smithsonian Institution. — At the time of the first Report, the tempe-
rate fauna of the West Coast was only known through sources liable to error,
the collectors having visited other regions besides Oregon and California, and
the species described by American authors being but imperfectly understood
in this country. The large accession to the number of authentic species, the
important elimination of synonyms, and the assignment of ascertained loca-
* The review of the remainder of the first Report, nos. 69-92, will be postponed till after
the production of the new materials, which are almost entirely from American sources.
63
578 REPORT-— 1863.
litics, which are placed on record in this Report, are due almost entirely to
the stimulus afforded to science in general, and to this branch especially, by
the Smithsonian Institution at Washington, D. C. The fund bequeathed by
Mr. Smithson, " for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men/'
having been declined by the Universities to which it was offered in the Old
World, is held (in trust only) by the U. S. Government *. It is administered
by a permanent body of Regents, according to a constitution drawn-out at
their instance by the Secretary, Prof. J. Henry, LL.D. It may be safely
stated that to his unswerving consistency, cautious judgment, and catholic
impartiality it is mainly owing that, during various political and social
changes, the Institution has not only steered clear of all party bias in the
United States, but has distributed its advantages with equal hand on both
sides of the Atlantic. The Natural History department is under the special
superintendence of the Assistant- Secretary, Prof. Spencer Baird, M.D., whose
indefatigable zeal, fertility of resource, and thorough knowledge of the re-
quirements of the science have enabled the Institution, by a comparatively
small outlay, not only to amass in a few years an enormous store of accurate
materials, but also to eliminate from them a series of publications on various
important branches of American zoology. The contributions of the Smith-
sonian Institution to our knowledge of the West Coast fauna may be consi-
dered under [A] its collections and [B] its publications.
[A] Smithsonian Collections. — According to the present law, all collections
made in expeditions fitted out by the Government become the property of the
Smiths. Inst., with liberty to exchange duplicates. Its museum, therefore,
is rich in types ; and its liberal policy allows of all duplicates being trans-
mitted to public collections, to schools of science, or to individuals engaged
in special departments of study. Not being forced into an unalterable plan
of operations, like many leading museums of the Old World, permission was
given to send nearly the vwhole of the molluscs to this country, that they
might be compared with the Cumingian, the Brit. Mus., and other leading
collections t. The importance of thus establishing a harmony of nomencla-
ture for species on both sides of the Atlantic can scarcely be over-estimated.
The previous want of it can be abundantly seen by comparing paragraphs
39, 43, 54, &c., in the first and in this Report. The West Coast collections
belonging to the Smiths. Inst. are mainly from the following sources :
a. The United States Exploring Expedition, under Capt. (afterwards Admiral)
Wilkes, 1837-1840, v. par. 43.
b. The North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Capt. Rogers, 1853-1855.
Collector, Dr. Stimpson.
e. The Pacific Railroad Expedition, 49th parallel, under Governor J. J.
Stevens, 1853-54. Collections made in Puget Sound by Dr. Suckley,
and at Columbia River by Dr. J. G. Cooper. Dr. Suckley also collected
at Panama.
* The war has but to a limited extent curtailed the funds and interfered with the
operations of the Institution.
t The Cunard Steamship Company have most liberally conveyed these stores across
the Atlantic, free of cost. The British and American Governments have allowed special
facilities for passing the Custom Houses without derangement. Similar acts of liberality
and courtesy are continually afforded to the Smiths. Inst. — The materials for this Keport
have been placed unreservedly in the hands of the writer, although he went to Washing-
ton as a complete stranger, and with no other introduction than his published writings.
64
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 579
d. The Pacific Ilailroad Survey, under Lieutenant R. S. Williamson, 1853.
Collector, Dr. A. L. lieermann.
e. The Pacific Railroad Survey, under Lieutenant R. S. Williamson, 185-5.
Collector, Dr. J. S. Newberry.
/. United States and Mexican Boundary Survey, under Major W. H. Emory,
1852. Collector, Arthur Schott.
g. Colorado Expedition, under Lieutenant J. C. Ives. Collector, Dr. J. S.
Newberry.
h. The United States North- West Boundary Survey, under Com. A. Camp-
bell. Collectors, Dr. Kennerley and Mr. George Gibbs.
Besides the above official explorations on the American side, during a
period in which the British Government only fitted out a single expedition
coordinate with A, the Smiths. List, has received a large number of pri-
vate collections from their correspondents, of which the" following are the
principal : —
*'. Mr. Jas. G. Swan, from Port Townsend, Cape Flattery, Neeah Bay, and the
neighbouring shores of Vancouver ; at intervals, during many years.
j. Dr. J. G. Cooper, early private collections from Shoalwater Bay and various
stations in California and from Panama ; and lately the dredged collections
of the California State Geological Survey, of which a portion were sent
in advance by Dr. Palmer.
Jc. California Academy of Natural Sciences, duplicates of their collection,
with the privilege of inspecting unique specimens.
I. Dr. E. Vollum, U.S.A., from Fort Umpqua.
m. Lieutenant W. P. Trowbridge, from coast of Oregon and California.
n. Dr. J. A. Yeatch, from the peninsula of Lower California, and especially
from Cerros Island.
o. Mr. A. S. Taylor, from Monterey.
jp. Mr. Andrew Cassidy, from S. Diego.
q. Rev. J. Rowell, now of San Francisco, from various stations in both faunas,
and especially from Sta. Crux, and the Farallones Is.
r. Mr. John Xantus, of the U. S. Coast Survey, from Cape St. Lucas. Speci-
mens were received through him from Socorro Island (one of the Revilla-
gigedo group), Tres Marias and Margarita Island.
s. Captain C. P. Stone, from Guaymas and the northern part of the Gulf of
California.
t. Captain C. M. Dow, from the coast of Central America.
u. Dr. J. H. Sternberg, from Panama.
v. Dr. J. H. Frick, Mr. James Hepburn, and others, from San Francisco.
.u. Mr. C. N. Riotte, U. S. Minister to Costa Rica, from Pimtas Arenas.
{v. Mr. W. H. Pease, of Honolulu, collections made by his agents at various
stations on the coast, particularly at Margarita Bay.
Collections have also been received from various expeditions already tabu-
lated in the first Report ; and from stray quarters not here included because
their accuracy may admit of doubt. The species received from the most im-
portant of these sources will be enumerated in their order ; of the remainder,
exact lists may be consulted by the student in the Smithsonian Catalogues,
and the combined results will be found tabulated as ' Pacific Railroad Expe-
ditions ' or ' Smithsonian Collections.'
[B] Smithsonian Publications. — These may be classed under three heads..
(1.) Works published by the U. S. Government, with more or less of assist-
ance derived from and through the Smiths. Inst. (2.) The 'Smithsonian
Contributions to Knowledge,' printed in 4to, and answering to the 'Trans-
5 65
>80 REPORT— 18C3.
actions' of English learned societies; and (3.) The 'Miscellaneous Collec-
tions,' in 8vo, answering to the * Proceedings ' of the societies : —
(1.) The series of ten 4to volumes, called ' Pacific Railroad Reports,' con-
tains a complete resume of the natural history of the western slope of North
America. The Recent and Tertiary Fossil Mollusca will be analyzed in the
following pages. Accounts have also been published of the natural history
of other expeditions. — The annual volumes of ' Reports of the Regents of the
Smithsonian Institution,' published by the U. S. Government, contain exact
accounts of the assistance rendered to the expeditions by the Smiths. Inst.,
as well as lectures and articles on special subjects. In these will be found
full particulars of the principles which regulate the natural-history workings
of the Institution*.
(2.) The only paper bearing on our present inquiry as yet published in
the ' Contributions ' is on the " Invertebrata of the Grand Manan," by Dr. "W.
Stimpson, which should be consulted by all who desire to institute a compa-
rison between the sub-boreal faunas on the two sides of the Atlantic.
(3.) The ' Miscellaneous Collections ' are all stereotyped, and very freely
circulated. Among them will be found " Directions " for collecting specimens
of natural history, with special instructions concerning the desiderata on the
Pacific coasts. These have been widely distributed among the various go-
vernment officials, the employes of the U. S. Coast Survey, and the variously
ramified circulating media at the command of the Smiths. Inst. ; and have
already borne a fair share of important results, although the war has
greatly impeded the expected prosecution of natural-history labours. " Check
Lists " have been published " of the Shells of North America, by I. Lea,
P. P. Carpenter, W. Stimpson, W. G. Binney, and T. Prime," June 1860. No.
1 contains the Marine Shells of the " Oregonian and Californian Province,"
and No. 2 of the " Mexican and Panamic Province." They are chiefly com-
piled from the first British Association Report, with such elimination of sy-
nonyms and doubtful species, and addition of fresh materials, as had become
available up to the date of publication. They were not intended to be quoted
as authorities ; and so rapid has been the accumulation of fresh information
that no. 1 is already out of date. In the " Terrestrial Gasteropoda," by W.
G. Binney, list no. 1 contains the " species of the Pacific coast, from the ex-
treme north to Mazatlan," to which many additions have since been made.
In the list of " Fluviatile Gasteropoda," also by W. G. Binney, " the letter W
distinguishes those confined to the Pacific coast, WE is affixed to those
found in both sections of the continent, and M designates the Mexican
species. From the starting-point of this list considerable progress has
already been made. In the brief list of " Cyclades, by Temple Prime," the
Mexican and Central American species are similarly designated; but the
western species and those common to the Pacific and Atlantic United States
are not distinguished. In the list of " Unionida3," by Dr. I. Lea, whose life-
long devotion to the elucidation of that family is everywhere gratefully
acknowledged, the Pacific species are designated by a P. The large series
* The ' Lectures on Mollusca,' in the Vol. for 1860, pp. 151-283, will perhaps be found
useful as a digest of classical forms. It was to have been illustrated with copies of woodcuts,
kindly promised by Dr. Gray, and since placed at the disposal of the Smiths. Inst. by the
courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum ; but, unfortunately, the blocks were not
to be found at the time. They will appear, however, in forthcoming Smithsonian publi-
cations. The 'Lecture on the Shells of the Gulf of California,' in the Arol. for 1859,
pp. 195-219, contains in a popular form, much of the information distributed through the
Ih-it. Mus. Maz. Cat.
66
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 581
of specimens, representing varieties and ages, in Dr. Lea's private collection
{ire well deserving of close study. Their owner shares the liberality of Mr.
Curaing in making them available for all purposes of scientific inquiry.
The Smiths. Inst. has just issued from the press the first part of the
' Bibliography of North American Conchology, previous to the year I860,' by
W. GK Binney, containing references to all printed information on North
American shells by native writers. It is divided into " § A. American descrip-
tions of North American molluscs ; § B. American descriptions of foreign
molluscs ; § C. Descriptions of foreign species by American authors in foreign
works." The work is prepared with unusual care and completeness, and
with the accurate judgment which characterizes all Mr. Binney's writings.
It contains, under every separate work or paper, " a list of species therein
described or in any important manner referred-to, together with their syno-
nymy, locality, and the volume, page, plate, and figure relating to them."
The second part, containing similar references to American species described
by European writers, is now passing through the press. Mr. Binney has
most kindly sent the proofs to the writer (as far as p. 287), which have been
freely used in preparing this Report, and have supplied various important
sources of information. It undertakes to provide for the whole ^orth American
continent what has been here attempted for the West Coast ; and in much
greater detail, as not only the first description, but all subsequent quotations
are duly catalogued. It may be regarded as a complete index of references
to all works on North American malacology. The student, in making use
of it, will remember that it is only with the Pulmonates that Mr. Binney
professes an intimate acquaintance. For these the work may be regarded as
complete. But, in other departments of the science, only those shells which
are assigned by the authors to North America are quoted ; consequently a
large number of species are passed-over which are truly American, but are
assigned to other places, or described without locality. Also, species really
belonging to other faunas, but falsely attributed to North America, duly
appear as though genuine ; and the additional localities frequently assigned
by the authors (which are often the real habitats) are seldom quoted. More-
over the citations stop at Mazatlan ; consequently, the tropical fauna of the
West Coast is but imperfectly represented. Lastly, the authors are not pre-
sented in chronological or indeed in any other ostensible order ; but it is pro-
mised that the necessary information will be given in the index on the com-
pletion of the work. The student will further bear in mind that for many
reasons no second-hand reference can serve the same purpose as a consultation
of the original book. With these cautions the work will be found invaluable
by all who are engaged in working-out American species ; and great thanks
are due to Mr. Binney for undertaking the extreme labour of its compilation,
and to the Smiths. Inst. for supplying the expense of its publication. Probably
no such work has yet been printed on the malacology of any other country.
Lastly, there is now in preparation a complete series of hand-books on
North American malacology, copiously illustrated with wood engravings, and
containing a digest of all that is known in each department. The marine
shells of the Atlantic are being described by Dr. Stimpson, who is now also
engaged in the dissection of the Freshwater Rostrifers ; the marine shells of
the Pacific are placed in the hands of the writer ; the Pulmonates will be
thoroughly worked-out by Mr. Binney, the Melaniala? by Mr. Try on, and
67
582 KEPOUT — 1 CG3.
the Cy clad id re by Mr. Prime. Thus it appears that the malacologists have
been unusually zealous in advancing their before somewhat slumbering study ;
and that the Smiths. Inst. has displayed unexpected liberality in preparing
and issuing from the press works of a comprehensive character, for the " in-
crease and diffusion of what will hereafter be regarded as an important
branch of "knowledge among men."
94. North Pacific Exploring Expedition. — In the year 1853, Dr. W.
Stimpson, well known in very early life for his dredging-researches and ob-
servations on the marine animals of the Atlantic coast, accompanied Captain
King-old as naturalist to the IT. S. " North Pacific Exploring Expedition." Its
principal object was to obtain more correct information with regard to the
Japan seas and the extreme north of the Pacific, and it was only incidentally
that it visited the Californian province. However, Dr. Stimpson's extensive
dredgings in the fiords of Japan developed the interesting fact, that while the
southern shores presented a fauna essentially Indo-Pacific in its character,
and abounding in the usual Cones, Cowries, Olives, &c., the northern slopes
of the same islands presented an assemblage of forms far more analogous to
the fauna of the Sitka and Vancouver region, and containing many species
common to the American coast. During the course of the voyage dredging-
collectionsf were made by Dr. Stimpson at Madeira, Cape of Good Hope, Sydney
Harbour, Coral Seas, Port Jackson, Hong Kong (also by Mr. Wright; New Ire-
land, Lieut. Van Wy eke; Gasper Straits, Squires ; vicinity of Canton, presented
by Mr. Bowring ; interior of Hong Kong, Wright) ; China Sea ; Whampoa ;
Bonin Island; Loo Choo Island; Ousima; Katonasima Straits; Kikaia;
Kikaisima ; Kagosima [alas !] ; Hakodadi ; Taniogesima (also Wright, Kent,
Kern, Boggs, Carter); Simoda; Niphon (also Brook); Arvatska Bay, Kanit-
schatka; Amincheche Island, Avikamcheche Island, Behring Straits; Scnia-
vine Straits, Arctic Ocean (also Captain Rogers) ; San Francisco; (Puget Sound
and Shoalwater Bay, Dr. Cooper, Cat. no. 1849-1856); Tahiti (also Captain
Stephens, Kern), Hawaii (also Garrett ; Sea of Ochotsk, Captain Stevens). All
these were duly catalogued, with stations, depths, and other particulars, and
living animals preserved in spirits after being drawn. The expedition appears
to have returned in 1856. Although Dr. Stimpson devoted his chief attention
to articulate animals, and molluscs occupied but a subordinate share of his
attention, it is safe to say that in this short period he collected more trust-
worthy species of shells, with localities, than were received at the Smiths.
Inst. from the united labours of the naturalists of Captain Wilkes's celebrated
expedition. Through some unaccountable cause, certain of the most valuable
boxes were "lost" between New York and Washington ; the remainder were
placed in the hands of Dr. Gould for description, with the MS. catalogue, a
copy of which forms the " Mollusca, Vol. I.," nos. 1-2003, of the Smiths.
Mus. Fortunately, Dr. Gould embraced the opportunity to bring the un-
certain shells to London, and compare them with the Cumingian Collection.
t A fuller account of this expedition is here given than is justified from its contrilml ions
to the W. American fauna, because no other information respecting it is as yet availabta
to the malacological student.
68
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NOPvTII AMERICA. 583
rhus a large body of species, named from, types, was prepared for the New
World ; but, unfortunately, through, imperfect packing and the practice of
marking by numbers only, much of the value of this identification was lost.
The new species were described by Dr. Gould in the ' Boston Proc. Soc. Wat.
Hist.,' 1859-1861; and on completion of the series, the author collected
the papers embodying the new species of the two great scientific expeditions,
as well as his other scattered publications, and issued them in a most valuable
book, entitled ' Otia Conchologica : Descriptions of Shells and Molluscs, from
1839-1862,' Boston, 1862; with "Rectifications," embodying such changes of
nomenclature and synonyms as he desired to represent his matured views.
In quoting Dr. Gould's writings, therefore, this table should always be con-
sulted. A considerable portion of the specimens have been returned to the
Smiths. Inst., of which the larger species are mounted in the collection, and
the smaller ones have been sent to the writer to compare with those collected
by Mr. A. Adams, which were unfortunately being described in the London
journals almost simultaneously. The war has unhappily postponed the in-
tention of publishing the complete lists of species collected and identified with
so much accurate care. The following, however, have already been deter-
mined by Dr. Gould from the region in which American species occur. The
list is given entire (so far as identified), because species as yet known only
on one coast of the North Pacific may hereafter be found on the other. It
contains (as in the comparison of the Caribbean and West Mexican fauna)
(a) species certainly identical, (6) probably identical, (c) " interesting ana-
gues," and (d) representative forms.
B.I.Cat. no.
12(53. Crepidula hystryx, var. Kagosima Bay, Japan. Dead on shore. [=aculeata,
Maz. Cat. no. 334.]
1319. Poronia rubra, Mont. Kagosima Bay, Japan. [Tide Maz. Cat. no. 154.]
Among sea- weeds and barnacles in 2nd and 3rd leve s ; rocky shore.
1339. Natica marochiensis [? maroccana ; v. Maz. Cat. no. 570]. Kagosima Bay,
Japan. Dead on shore.
1344. Acmcca ? Sieboldi ; very near patina. Kagosima Bay, Japan. Rocks at 1. w.
1351. Turi.na varieyata, Lam. Kagosima Bay, Japan. [ Vide Maz. Cat. no. 484.]
Dead on shore.
1414. Nasm yemmidata, Lam. [non C. B. Ad.] Kagosima Bay, Japan. 5 fm. sd.
1476. Acar \_Barbatia] gradata, Brod. and Sby. Taniop;esima, Kagosima Bay,
Japan. [ Tide Maz. Cat. no. 194.] Dead in ten fm. ; sand and shells.
407,476. Acar \_Uarbatia] gradata, Brod. and Sby. Port Jackson.
1502. Lima squamosa, Lam. Taniogesima, Japan. \_ — L. tetrica, Gld., teste Cum."]
The remaining species from these localities are either local or belong to the
Philippine and Polynesian fauna. At Simoda and Hakodadi we enter on a
mixed fauna.
1574. Haliotis discus, Rve. Simoda and Hakodadi. Rocks at low water, four
fm. " Kamtschatkana seems to be the small growth of the same." [It ia
locally abundant, however, on the West Coast ; while discus has never
been found there, and is much flatter.]
1577. Lufraria [&hizoth&nu Nidtallii, Conr.] Hakodadi Bay. Eight fm. sand.
1579. Cytkerea petechialis, Lam. Hakodadi Bay. Sand, 4th level.
1582. Tritonium \_CJirysodomus] antiquum, Ln. Hakodadi Bay (also Okhotsk and
Arctic Oc., 1779). Low- water mark and laminarian zone, on weedy rocks.
1585. Tritonium [Priene] Oreyonense, Redf. Hakodadi Bay. Dead on shore,
and in twenty fm. Also no. 1955.
1588. Tellina Bodegensii, Hds. Hakodadi Bay. Dead on shore.
1589. Mi/a arenaria, Ln. Hakodadi Bay.
1592. Mercenaria orientalis, Gld. [A West Atlantic type, probably =M. Siimp-
Otia; p. 169.] Hakodadi Bay. Six fm, sand.
69
584 REPORT— 18G3.
1596. Mentis rigida, Gld. [MS. non Old., Otia, p. 85,= Tapes, var. Petitii. The
Japanese shell is Adamsii, Rve., from type]. Ilakodadi Bay. Four to
ten fm. sand.
The above occur in connexion with local and with diffused tropical species.
1601. Euthriaferrea, live. Simoda. Among stones and pebbles, 3rd level. [Al-
most identical with the Cape Horn species, JE. plumbea, Phil.]
1630. Tritonium \_Chrysodomus} cassidarictfortnis, live. East Coast of Japan, lat.
37°, and Hakodadi. Twenty fm., black coarse sand.
1632. Chiton "largest" [? Cryptochiton Stelleri]. Ilakodadi. On large stones
and under shelving rocks, low-water mark.
1634. Pecten, like [ = ] Islandicus. Hakodadi. Ten fm. shell-sand.
1635. Sanguinolaria Nuttallii, Conr., = decora, lids. Ilakodadi. " Possiblv= Sole-
tellina obscurata, Desh." Sand, low-water mark.
1637. Macoma lata, " Gmel. in Mus. Cum.,= calcarea, Chem.,=proxima, Brown, =
sordida, CoMth.^Suensoni, Morch." Ilakodadi. 4th level, sandy mud.
1639. Litorina Grcenlandtca, Chem. Ilakodadi. Hocks, 1st level.
1648. Cardium pseudofossile, Hve., = blaHdum, Gld., perhaps = Californicnsi ', Desh.
Hakodadi. Twentv fin. sand.
1051. Ttrebratida \_Waldieimia~} Grayi, Desh. Ilakodadi. Sb ell y gravel, 8-15 f»i.
1665. Leda arctica, Brod. [=1^. lanceolata, 3 . Sbv.]. Hakodadi. Saudy mud, 4-12
fm. Seniavine Str., 10-30 fm.
1674. Drillia inennis, Hds. Hakodadi. Shelly sand, 4-10 fm.
1700. Pecten Yessoensis, Jay. [Probably a var. of Amusium caurmumJ] Hakodadi.
Weedy mud, 4 fm.
1702. Cardium (Serripes) Grcenlandicum. Awatska Bay, Kamtschatka. Mud,
12 fm. Also Avikamcheche Is., Behring Str., and Arctic Ocean.
1703. Yoldia thraciceformis, Storer. Hakodadi. Mud, 12 fm.
1704. Mytilus edulis. Hakodadi. Also Avikamcheche Is., Behring Str., and
Arctic Ocean. Low-water mark, and in 3rd and 4th level.
1705. Cardium Calif omiense, Desh. Ilakodadi. Mud, 12 fm. [= no. 1648.]
1706. Mya truncata. Hakodadi ; also Avikamcheche Is. Mud, 6-15 I'm. Alro
Arctic Ocean, in mud, 30 fm.
1708. Buccinum glaciate. Hakodadi, and Straits of Seniavine, at Aminchecho
Is., Behring Str.
1710. Tritonium [Chrysodomw~] antiquum+ deformis, Hve.; and vars. Hakodadi
and Avikamcheche Is. Gravel, 4 fm.
1711. Buccinum tortuosttm, Rve., = 6Ta/an/orme-f-vars. Straits of Seniavine.
1714. Mya ?arenaria. Hakodadi and Avikamcheche Is.
1715. Bullia [ Volutharpa~]ampullacea, Midd. Hakodadi. Gravel, 5-6 fm.
1716. Lanistes Icevigata, Gray (^discors, Ln., teste Dkr. in Mus. Cum.). Mud,
20 fm. Hakodadi and Arctic Ocean ; common, in nests, 30 fm. ; no. 17ot).
1717. Trichotropis midticaudata [?=Tr. coronata, Otia, p. 121: related to insignia^
Midd., teste A. Ad.]. Hakodadi. Gravelly mud, 15 fm.
1718. \Lepeta'] caca, var. concentrica, Midd. Hakodadi and Arctic Ocean.
1719. Trichotropis bicarinata, Sby. Hakodadi. Not uncommon in laminarian zone.
Arctic Ocean ; common.
1720. Macoma proxima, Brown. Hakodadi; mud, 5-25 fm. Awatska Bay.
Arctic Ocean ; common, no. 1727.
1721. Macoma edentula, Brod. and Sby. Hakodadi. Avikamcheche Is.
1722. Crepidula grandis, Midd. Hakodadi. Okhotsk, 15 fm. : no. 2002.
1723. Venus Jluctuosa, Gld., 1841. ? = astartoides, Beck, 1849. Hakodadi and Arctic
Ocean : not uncommon. Mud, 5-10 fm.
1725. Cardita (Actinobohis) borealis, Conr. Avikamcheche Is., Behring Strait? ;
mud, 5-30 fm. Awatska Bay ; 10 fm. mud. Arctic Ocean ; common.
1726. Saxicava pholadis} I^.^ruyosa+dintorta. Avikamcheclie Is., Arctic Ocean.
Awatska Bay; on shells, &c. Lam. zone ; no. 1729.
1728.. Margarita obscura, Couth. Awatska Bav, Kamtschatka. Mud, 10 fm.
1732. Bela turricida., Mont Awatska Bay -, mud, 6-15 fm. Also Seuiaviae Str,;
no. 1782.
70
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 5 5
S.I. Cat. no.
1733. Yoldia Umatula, Say. Awatska Bay and Arctic Oc. Mud, common, 5-20 fm.
1734. Nation clausa, Brod. Awatska Bay. Mud, 5-15 fm.
1735. Yoldia myalis (or hyperborea). Awatska Bay. Mud, 10 fin.
1730. Leda minuta. Seniavine Str. ; Arctic Oc., near Behr. Str. Mud and pebbly
sand, 15-30 fm., coarse striae.
1737. Leda minuta, var. Ditto. Mud and pebbly sand, 5-20 fm., fine striae.
1740. Modiolaria corrugata. Ditto. Mud, in nests, 30 fm.
1741. Rhynchonella psittacea. Ditto. Gravel and sponges, 20-30 fm.
1742. Margarita striata, Leach. Ditto. Shelly gravel, common, 15-30 fm,
1744. Admete arctica, Midd. Ditto. Mud, 30 "fin.
1745. Admete viridula, Couth. Ditto. Gravel, 4 fm. ; mud, 10-30 fm.
1747. Velutina haliotoidea. Ditto. Gravel, 10-25 fm.
1748. Margarita argentata [Gld. Inv. Mass.]. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm. ; shelly, 15-
25 fm.
1749. Turritella (sp.), Migh. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm. ; clean gravel, 4-20 fm.
1750. Trichotropis bicarinata. Ditto. Pebbly mud, 5-G fm.
1751. Lunatia pallida, Brod. Ditto. Mud, 10-30 fm.
1752. CylicJma triticea, Couth. Ditto. Mud, 15-30 fm.
1753. Velutina {Mornlia} zonata [Gld. Inv. Mass.]. Ditto. On stones, 5 fm.
1754. Nucula tennis, Mont. Ditto. Mud, common, 20-30 fm. ; pebbly mud, 5-20
fin. Also Hakodadi j sandy mud, 10 I'm. ; no. 1687.
1756. Trophon clathratus, Linn. Ditto. Mud, :.'0-30 fm. ; gravel, 4 fm.
1757. Lunatia septentrionalis, Beck. Ditto. Gravelly mud, common, 20 fm. ;
gravel, 4 fm.
1758. Amicula vestita, Sby. Ditto. Gravel, common, 10-40 fm.
1759. Scalaria Grocnlandica, Chemn. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm.
1760. Lunatia pallidoides. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm.
1761. Chrysodomus Islandicus, Chemn. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm.
1762. Patella \Lepeta~\ Candida, Couth. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm.
1763. Chiton albus, Linn. Ditto. On shells in mud, 30 fm.
1765. Chrysodomus Schantaricus, Midd. Ditto. Mud, 20-30 fm.
1770. Astarte lactea, Br. and Sby. Arctic Oc. Mud, 30 fm.
1771. Pecten Islandicus, Chemn., var. Arctic Oc. Mud, 30 fm.
1773. Buccinum ?undatum (probably bicarinate var. of glaciate}. Arctic Ocean.
1774. Buccinum tundatum, var. pelagica. Arctic Ocean.
1775. Buccinum ?Ochotense, Midd. Arctic Ocean.
1776. Buccinum angulosum, Gray (= ylaciale, var.). Arctic Ocean.
1777. Buccinum ? tenue, Gray. Arctic Ocean.
1778. Mangclia, like simplex, Midd. Arctic Ocean.
1781. Bela rufa, Mont. Seniavine Str. Pebbly mud, common, 5 fm.
1783. Turritella erosa. Seniavine Sto Mud, 10-20 fm.
1784. Lyonsia Norvegica, Chem. Seniavine Str. Pebbly mud, 5 fm.
1785. Trichotropis imignis, Midd. Seniavine Str. Gravel, 10 fin.
1789. Bela decussata, Couth. Seniavine Str. Sandy mud, 10-20 fni. Also Awatska
Bay ; no. 1730.
1790. Yoldia myalis, Couth. Seniavine Str. Mud, 10-20 fm. ; pebbly mud, 5 fni.
1791. Bela harpidaria, Couth. Pebbly mud, 5 fm.
1793. Margarita helicina, Fabr. Behring Str. Clean gravel and algse, 5 fm.
1796. Turtonia [? minuta, Fabr.]. Behring Str. Common on sponges, 20-40 fm.
1798. Lunatia \_Acrybia~] aperta, Lov. Kamtschatka.
1799. Modiolaria nigra, Gray. Arctic Ocean.
1821. Chamalobata [ — exogyra, Jay, non Conr.]. China Sea, west of Formosa,
Shell- gravel, 30 fm.
18"36. Purpura emarginata, Desh. San Francisco. On rocks in 4th level.
1837. Litorina plena, Gld. San Francisco. On rocks in 3rd and 4th levels.
1838. Acmcea textilis, Gld. San Francisco. On piles and rocks between tides.
18386. Acmcea patina, E*ch. San Francisco. On piles and rocks between tides.
1839. Cryptomya Californica, Conr. San Francisco. On sandy beaches.
1840. Macoma nasuta, Conr. S«n Francisco. Common in sandy mud, 1. w. 10 fm.
1841. CardiumNuttallii, Conr. San Francisco. Common in sandy mud, 1. w. 10 fin,
71
586 REPORT— 1863.
S.I. Cat. no.
]S4o. Mytilm edidis, var. San Francisco. On rocks and gravel, 4th level.
18-14. Mytilus Calif ornianus, Conr. Near entrance to San Francisco. On rocks
and gravel, 4th level.
1845. Tapes diversa, Sby. San Francisco Bay. Very common, low-water mark
[= V. staminea, Conr., var., = V. mundidus, Rve. j v. antea, p. 570J.
1846. Chiton \_Mopalia] muscosm, Gld. Entrance of San Francisco Bay. Not
uncommon on rocks at low-water mark.
1847. Oryptodon [Schizoth&nts] Nuttallii, Conr., jun. San Francisco. One sp.
1848. MacJuera lucida, Conr. San Francisco. Common. [ = M. patula, Portl.]
The shells brought back by the Expedition from Puget Sound and Shoal-
water Bay were collected by Dr. Cooper, whom Dr. Stimpson met at San
Francisco, and are not here catalogued, as they appear again in his own
collections, v. infra, par. 101.
1SG9. Lithophaffiis cinnamomem. China coast, lat. 23|°. Dead, 25 fin., sand.
11)24. Helix tudiculata. Bin. Petaluma, CaL; under stems in open grove of scruboak.
100(3. Mytilus splendens, Gld. Hakodadi Bay. Rocks below tide-marks, com.
1957. Anomia olivacea, Gld. Hakodadi Bay. On shells or gravelly sand, 10 fm.
1958. Cerastoma foliatum, var. Eurnettn, Ad. and Rve. Hakodadi "Bay and N. E.
part of Niphon. Low-water mark, on rocks and boulders.
lr»")9. Haliotis Kamtschatkana, Jonas. N. E. shore of Niphon. See no. 1574.
1HGO. Ptirpura Freycmettii, Desh. N. E. shore of Niphon. Common on rocks.
ltX>l. Ptirpwa Freycinettti, var. with muriciform lamelke. N. E. shore of Niphon.
lfK> . Placunanomia macroschisma, Desh. West Coast of Jesso. Gravel, 30 fin.
10GS. Terebmtida pulvinata, Gld. Arctic Ocean. Gravel, 30 fm.
20JO. Puncturetta noachina, Linn. Sea of Okhotsk. Gravel, 20 fm.
2 *)1. Astftrfe Ittctea, Brod. and Sby. Sea of Okhotsk. Gravel, 20 fm.
2J03. Terebratida yhbosa, Lam. Sea of Okhotsk. Gravel, 36 fm. [Perhaps Cali-
farnica, Koch.]
The following, from among the new species described by Dr. Gould in his
' Oda Conch.,' belong to the same province, and to forms which may be ex-
pected to appear on the northern shores of West America. They were first
published in the Proc. Bosk Soc. Nat. Hist., under the dates quoted : —
Otia.p. Bost. Proc.S.N.H.
109. 1859. June. Natica severa, Gld., like heros, but with umbilicus resembling
unifasciata. Hakodadi, W. S.
109. „ „ Natica russa, Gld., like clausa* Arctic Ocean, W. S.
115. „ Dec. Patella pattida, Gld. Hakodadi. On stones and gravel, 10 fm.
115. „ „ Patella grata, Gld. N. E. shore of Niphon.
115. n „ Acmcea dorsuosa, Gld., like patina, var. monticida [monticola],
Nutt. Hakodadi, on rocks of 2nd and 3rd lamin. zone. W. S.
117. n „ Cliiton (Leptochitori) concinmis, Gld., like albus, but with lines of
punctures. Hakodadi, W. S.
118. „ „ Oiiton (Acanihoch&tes) ac-hates, Gld. Kikaia, Hakodadi, W. S.
113. 1859. Dec. Chiton (Mdpalia) Stimpsoni, Gld., like Blainvittei, without an-
terior radiating lines. [" On stones, clean bottom, 25 fm.,
and under stones and rocks, low-watermark." — Smiths. Cat.
no. 1646. Not to be confounded with M. Simpsoni. Gray.l
Hakodadi, W. S.
120. 1860. Sept. Terebratufa \?Waldheimia~] tranxversa, Gld., like Grayt, with
shorter internal suppoiis : [=Crr«t/>, teste A. Ad.] Hakodadi,
W. S.
]20. „ „ Terebmtella miniata, Gld., like Zelandiea* Apophyses united
to central crest. [= Waldheiinia Kweanica, Ad. and Rve.,
teste Rve. from type. " On pebbles, clean bottom, 30 fm."
Smiths. Cat. 1597/1 Hakodadi, W. S.
120. „ tt Rhynchonella lucida, Uld. ; in aspect like T. vitrea, jun.
121. i) n Trichotropis (Iphinoe) coronata, Gld. ; like T. ciliata, Kmger,
Straits of Semiavine, Arctic Ocean, 20 fm. mud. \Y. S.
72
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 587
Otia,p. Bost. Proc. S.IST.H.
122. I860. Sept. Buccinum Stimpsoni, Gld.; like undatum, but quite distinct.
Avikamcheche Is., Behring Str., W. S. Arctic Ocean, Rod-
gers. [ Not B. Stimpsoniamim, C. B. Ad.]
123. „ „ Neptimea (Sipho) terebralis, Gld. ; like Icelandica. Arctic Oc.
125. „ „ Trophon incomptus, Gld. ; like crassus. Hakodadi, W. S.
134. „ Oct. Bela turgida, Gld. Kamtschatka, W. S.
153. 1861. Mar. Margarita ianthina, Gld. j like Schantarica. Arctic Ocean.
154. „ „ Margarita albula, Gld. j like an overgrown arctica. Arctic
Ocean., W. S.
154. „ „ Margarita mustelina, Gld. Hakodadi j low water, W. S.
159. „ „ Gibbula redimita, Gld. ; like nivosa, A. Ad. Hakodadi, W. S.
162. Lyonsia ventricosa, Gld. ; shorter than Norveqica. Hakodadi,
2-6 fin., sandy mud, W. S. [" ? = navicula, jun." A. Ad.]
102. .. Lyonsia (Pandorina) flabellata, Gld. ; like arenosa. Arctic
Ocean, W. S.
162. „ „ T hear a lubrica, Gld. Hakodadi ; common in mud, 6 fm., TV. S.
163. „ „ Panopcea fragilis, Gld. Hakodadi, W. S.
163. „ „ Panopcea ?generosa, var. sagrinata. Awatska Bay, Kamts-
chatka, W. S. ["Epidermis projects £ in., as in Glycimeris,
Mud, 12 fm." Smiths. Cat. 1701.]
164. „ „ Corbula venusta, Gld. Hakodadi, 5-8 fm., shelly sand, W. S.
165. „ „ Solen strictus, Gld. ; like corneus. Hakodadi, W. S.
165. „ „ Solen gracilis, Gld. [non Phil.] Hakodadi, sandy beaches, W. S.
165. „ „ Machcera sodalis, Gld. ; like costata. Hakodadi, W. S.
165. „ „ Solemyapmilla, Gld.; like velum. Hakodadi, 5 fm., mud, W.S.
167. „ „ TeHinahibrica,Gld.; like felix and fabagetta. Hakodadi, 6 fm.,
sandy mud, W. S.
168. „ „ Saxidomus aratm, Gld. ; like V. maxima, Phil. San Francisco.
[Described as 4'5 in. long, yet] smaller than Nuttallii. ["Open
bays at Sir F. Drake's ; 1. w., sand." Smiths. Cat. 1842.]
169. „ „ Venus (Mercenaria) Stimpsoni. Gld. j like the Atlantic forma.
Hakodadi, 6 fm., W. S.
170. „ „ Mysia (Felania) usta, Gld. j like an Astarte. Hakodadi, 8 fin.,
I sandy mud, W. S.
173. „ Apr. Montacata divaricata, Gld. Hakodadi, on Spatangtts-spmes,W. S.
175. „ ,. Nucida (Acila) insignis, Gld. ; like mirabilis : [identical, teste
A. Ad.] E. Japan, lat. 37°, and Hakodadi, W. S. [« 20 fin.
black coarse sand."— Smiths. Cat. 1628.]
177. „ „ Mytilus coruscus, Gld.* Hakodadi ; common on rocks between
tide-marks, W. S. [?=M. sphndens., no. 1956.]
177. „ „ Pecten Itetus, Gld. ; resembles generally P. senatorius, is still more
like P. [Amusiwn] caurinm. Hakodadi, shelly mud, 10 fm.,
W. S. [Non P. Icctus, Gld., in U. S. Expl. Exped. Shells,
Otia, p. 95, = P. Diffenbachii, Gray, teste Cuming.]
95. The United States Expedition to Japan, under Commodore M. C. Perry,
1852-4, was not undertaken for scientific purposes ; and no special provision
was made either for collecting or describing objects of natural history. A
large number of shells, however, were obtained, and identified by Dr. Jay of
New York. In Vol. II. of the < Narrative of the Expedition, <fec.' (Washing-
ton, 1856, pp. 289-297) is given a list of Japanese shells, with descriptions and
figures of the (supposed) new species. The following are related to the mol-
luscs of the "West Coast f. Specimens of the most important may be seen
in the Cumingian Collection.
* The M. mutabilis, described on the same page from Kagosima, is a Septifer; it is pre-
sumed that the learned author did not open a specimen.
t The student should also consult, for related forms, the ' Mollusca Japonica' by Dr.
W. Dunker, Stuttgart, 1861 ; — like all the other works of the same author, most valuable
for the patient care, accurate judgment, and enlarged experience displayed; but relating
chieflj to the subtropical poUioii oi' the fauna,
73
5S3 REPORT— 1863.
Page. PL Fig.
202. I. 7,10. Mi/a Japonica, n. s. Volcano Bay, Is. Yedo. Closely related
to M. arenaria : [identical, teste A. Ad.].
292. 1. 8,9. Psammobia olivacea, n. s. Bay of Yedo. [Nearly allied to
Hiatula Nuttalli.~]
OQQ (4. 1,2. I Pectcn Yessoensis, n. 8. Hakodadi. [Resembles Amwittm
^6' )3. 3,4. f caurinum, Gld.]
295. 5. 16,17. Purjmra scptentrionalis, Rve. [ = -?• crispata, var.] PJapni:.
295. 5. 13,15. ?£ullia Perryi,n. s. Bay of Yedo, one sp. dredged. [_= I'oliJ-
harpa ampullacea, Midd.l
296. Venerupis Nuttalli, Conr. \_Saxidomus]. Japan.
296. Tellina secta, Conr. Japan.
296. Tapes decussata, Ln. [Probably T. Petitii, var. or Adamsii.
Japan.]
296. Ostrea borealis, Ln. Japan.
296. lanthina communis, Lam. Japan.
296. lanthina prolongata, Blainv. Japan.
96. At the time that Dr. Gould was describing Dr. Stimpson's Japanese
shells in the Boston Proc. Ac. 'N. S., Mr. A. Adams, R.N., one of the leained
authors of the ' Genera of Recent Mollusca,' was making extensive and accu-
rate dredgings in the same seas. The new genera and species have been and
are being published, in a series of papers, in the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, and
in the Proc. Zool. Soc., preparatory to an intended complete work on the
mollusc-fauna of the Eastern North Pacific. The collections of Mr. Adams
have already displayed the Japanese existence of several species, as Siplionalia
Kellettii, Solen sicarius, Homalopoma sanguineum, &c., before supposed to be
peculiar to the West coast. Unfortunately for our present purpose, while
the comparison of specimens was going on, Mr. Adams was unexpectedly
called to service on board H.M.S. ' Majestic,' and was obliged to pack up his
collections. Enough has been ascertained, however, to prove that it will be
unsafe henceforth to describe species from either coast without comparison
with those of the opposite shores.
97. Pacific Railroad Reports. — As it is necessary, in studying any fauna,
to make comparisons far round in space, so it is essential to travel far back
in time. The fullest account of the fossils of the West Coast of America is
to be found in the l Explorations and Surveys for a Railroad Route from the
Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean,' which form ten thick quarto volumes,
copiously illustrated with plates, and published by the U.S. Senate, Wash-
ington, 1856 *. The natural-history department was conducted under the
superintendence and with the aid of the Smithsonian Institution ; and science
is under special obligations to Prof. Spencer S. Baird, the Assistant Secre-
tary, for his Reports on the Vertebrate Animals. It would hardly be ex-
pected in Europe that the best resume of the zoology, the botany, and the
geology of the vast region between the Great American desert and the Pacific
should be found in a railroad survey. Unfortunately, it has not been the
custom to advertize and sell the valuable documents printed at the expense
of the U. S. Government, in the ordinary channels of trade. They often become
the perquisites of the members of Congress, and through them of the various
employes, by whom they are transferred to the booksellers' shelves. The
fifth volume of the series is devoted to the explorations of Lieut. Williamson ;
the second Part contains the Report by W. P. Blake, geologist and minero-
logist of the expedition. In the Appendix, Art. II., are found " Descrip-
tions of the Fossil Shells," by T. A. Conrad. They were first published in the
* This extremely costly and valuable assemblage of documents was selling in Washing-
,on, in 1860, at £5 sterling the set.
ON MOLLTJSCA OP THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 589
'Appendix to the Preliminary Geological Report,' 8vo, Washington, 1855.
They are divided into, I. " Eocene," and II. " Miocene and Recent Forma-
tions."
I. Eocene (all from Canada de las TJvas *).
Plate. Fig. No.
II. I. 1. Cardium linteum, Conr., n.s. Allied to C. Nicolkti, Conr.
„ 2. 2. Dosinia alta, Conr., n.s.
„ 3. 3. Meretrix Ucasana, Conr., n.s.
„ 4. 4. Meretrix Californiana, Conr., n.s. Allied to M. Poulsoni, Conr.
„ 5. 5. Crassatella Ucasana, Conr., n.s.
6. Crassatdla ol'ft, Conr., n.s. In small fragments, but abundant,
as at Claiborne, Al.
„ 10. 7. Mi/iilus humeni->, Conr., n.s.
„ 6. 8. Cardita planic'ntit, Lam., = Venericardia ascia, Rogers. First
discoA-ered in Maryland in 1829, by Conr. ; occurs abundantly
in Md., Va., AL, and is quite as characteristic of the Ameri-
can as of the European Eocene period.
„ 7. 9. Natica?cetites, Conr., 1833.
„ 7. 10. Natica?gibbosa, Lea, 1833, or N. semilunata, Lea; also found ft
Claiborne, Al.
„ 8. 11. Natica alveata, Conr., n.s.
;; 12. 12. Turritelia Ucasana, Conr., n. s. Allied to T. obnrfa, CoBT.,= 7'.
lineata, Lea, from Claiborne, Al.
n 9. 13. Volutatithes [? Volutilithes] Californiana, Conr., n.s. Resembles
V. Say ana, Conr.
„ 13. 14. ? Busy can H?akei, Conr., n.s.
„ 11. 15. Clavatula Cali^ornica, Conr., n.s. Allied to C. pronda, Conr., of
Claiborne Eocene.
II. Miocene and Recent Formations (from various localities).
III. 15. 16. Cardium mo'lestum, Conr., n.s. San Diego. [May be Hemicar-
dimn bianyidatum, jun.]
„ 19. 17. Nucida decisa, Conr., n.s. Resembles N. divaricata of the Ore-
gon Miocene. [Closely allied to N. castrensis, &c., but too im-
perfect to determine.] San Diego.
III. 16. 18. Corbida Diegoana, Conr., n.s. San Diego.
„ 20. 19. Meretrix umomeris, Conr., n.s. Monterey Co.
„ 27. 20. Meretrix decisa, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek.
„ 22. 21. Meretrix Tularena, Conr., n.s., [in list, "Tularana" in text].
From a boulder in Tulare Valley. [Comp. Tapes gracilis, Gld.]
„ 28. 22. Tettina Diegoana, Conr., n.s., San Diego.
14 18 I I Tellina congesta. Conr., n.s. [Appears a Heterodonax, allied to
&' 21 1 ^' ) bimacidata, Lam.] Abundant at Monterey, Carmellb, and San
( Diego.
„ 17. 24. Tellina Pedroana, Conr., n.s. [?= T. gemma, Gld.] Recent
formation. San Pedro.
„ 29. 25. Area microdonta, Conr., n.s. Resembles A. arata, Say, of the
Maryland Miocene. Miocene, ? Tulare Valley.
* The existence of Eocene strata on the Pacific slope is ascertained by a single boulder
of very hard sandstone, which, though very small, furnished fifteen species. Of these,
three correspond with forms from Claiborne, Alabama ; and the " finger-post of the
Eocene" appears in its usual abundance. Mr. Conrad characterizes the specimens as
" beautifully perfect ;" which would not have been supposed from his descriptions and
figures. They " seem to indicate a connexion of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans during
the Eocene period ;" and the author expects that " when the rock shall have been disco-
vered and investigated in situ, fresh forms will be obtained, with which we are already
familiar in eastern localities."
75
590 REPORT— 1863.
Plate Fig. No
IV. 31. 20. Tapes diversum, Sby. \_= Tapes stanwica, Conr., var. Peiiiii,
(III. in text). Desh.] Recent formation. San Pedro.
III. 25. 27. Saxicava abrupta, Conr., n.s. [Probably the shortened form of
Petricola carditoides, Conr.] Recent formation. San Pedro.
n 24. 28. Petricola Pedroana, Conr., n.s. [Allied to P. ventricosa, Desh.]
Recent formation San Pedro.
IV. 33. 29. Schizothcerm Nuttalli,Com.,"n.s"=Tresus cajwx, Gld. Recent
formation. San Pedro.
III. 23. 30. ?Lutraria Traskei, Conr., n.s. [Not improbably = Stundomtts
Nttttallii, Conr., jun.] PMioceue. Camiello.
V. 45. 31. Mactra Diegoana, Conr., n.s. Like M. albaria, of the Oregon
Miocene. [Resembles Mulinia angulata, Gray.] ? Miocene.
San Diego.
„ 35. 32. Modiolac(mtracta,ConT.,-n.s. [Very like M. recta, Conr.] ? Mio-
cene. Monterey Co. Recent formation.
„ 40. V33. Mytilus Pedroanus, Conr., n.s. [Probably —M. edulis, jun.]
Recent formation. San Pedro.
,, 41. 34. Pecten Deserti, Conr., n.s. [Resembles P. circularis.~] Mio-
cene. Carrizo Creek, Colorado Desert.
„ 34. 35. Anomia sttbcostata, Conr., n.s. \? = Placunanomia macroschisma.~]
Miocene. Colorado Desert. Allied to A. Ruffini.
n 36-38. 33. Ostrea vespertina, Conr., n.s. [Resembles O. lurida, var.] Mio-
cene. Colorado Desert. Like O. subfalcata, Conr.
37. Ostrea Heermanni, Conr., n.s. Colorado Desert.
„ 43. 38. Penitella spelcea, Conr., n.s.* Recent formation. San Pedro.
,, 44. 39. Fissurella crenulata, Sby. [=Lucapina c.~] Recent formation.
San Pedro.
VI. 52. 40. Crepidula princeps, Conr., n.s. [= C. grandis, Midd.] Recent
formation. Santa Barbara.
V. 39. 41. Narica Diegoana, Conr., n.s. ? Miocene. San Diego.
„ 42. 42. Trochita Diegoana, Conr., n.s. [Like T. ventricosa j but may be
Galerus contortusJ] PMiocene. San Diego.
„ 46. 43. Crucibulum spinosum, Conr., n.s.t Recent formation. San Diego.
VI. 49. 44. Nassa interstriata, Conr., n.s. [=JVi mendica, Gld.]. Recent
fonnation. San Pedro.
„ 48. 45. Nasta Pedroana, Conr., n.s. [Comp. Amycla gausapata and its
congeners.] J Recent formation. San Pedro.
„ 51. 46. Strephona Pedroana, Conr., n.s. [Comp. Olivetta baticaJ] Recent
formation. San Pedro.
. „ 50. 47. Litorina Pedroana, Conr., n.s. \_=L. plena, Gld.] Recent forma-
tion. San Pedro.
n 47. 48. Stramonita petrosa, Conr., n.s. [Is perhaps Monoceros lugubre.~\
?—. Tulare Valley.
* Mr. Conrad regards the " coriaceous cup as characteristic of the genus." It appear
a subgenus of Pholadidea, differing in the form of the plate. Mr. Try on, " Mon. Pho
lad.," p. 66, restricts it to the Penitella penita, which (according to his diagnosis) ha;
one central and two anterior dorsal plates. The closely related P. ovoidea he leaves u
the original genus, as having "two dorsal accessory valves," although lie allows that "its
position cannot be accurately determined on account of the loss of its dorsal valves."
Conrad's fossil has the shape of P. ovoidea ; but although he says that it is " widely dis-
tinct" from P.penita, I am unable to separate it from the ovoid form of that species,
which will be found in the Smithsonian series.
t This is certainly Sowerby's species, to which Conrad gives a doubting reference. In
the text he gives it as " spinosum, Conr.," in his table marking it as " nov. sp."
J Conrad compares N. interstriata to N. trivittata, Say, and N.Pedroana toN. lunatd,
Say, and states that the two Atlantic species are "associated with each other both in the sea
and in the Miocene deposits of Virginia and Maryland." As the two correlative species
8^*0 found together, living and fossil, on the Pacific side, there is presumptive evidence for
their having descended from a common stock.
76
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 591
VI. 54. 49. tGratelupia mactropsis, Conr., n.s. [? = Donax punctatostriatus.'}
? Miocene. Isthmus of Darien. Resembles G. Hydeana, Conr.
Eocene.
w 55. 50. Meretrix Dariena, Conr., n.s. [Comp. Cyclina subquadrata.'}
PMiocene. Isthmus of Darien.
„ 53. 51. Tellina Dariena, Conr., n.s. PMiocene. Isthmus of Darien.
VII 57. 52. Natica Ocoyana, Conr., rr.s. [Marked 51 on plate : err.] Oeoya
or Pose Creek.
„ 67. 53. Natica geniculata, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek. Resembles N.
alveata.
„ 62. 54. Bullajugnlaris, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek.
„ 69. 55. Pleurotoma transmontana, Conr., n.s. [Marked 60 on plate : err.
Closely resembles Chrysodomus dims, Rye.] Ocoya Creek.
56. Pleurotoma Ocoyana, Conr., n.s. [Omitted in the text.] Ocoya Cr.
„ 72. 57. Syctopus [Ficula.] Ocoyanus, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek.
VIII. 73. 58. Turritetta Ocoyana, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek.
„ 76. 5£. Coins arctatus, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek.
„ 75. 60. Tellina Ocoyana, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek.
„ 77. 61. Pecten Nevadanus, Conr., n.s. Very like N. Humphreysii, Mary-
land, Miocene. Ocoya Creek.
TX. S3. 62. Pecten calilliformis, Conr., n.s. Very like P. Madisonius} Say,
Virginia, Miocene. Ocoya Creek.
The following species are not described in the text, but quoted in the list.
Vide p. 320 :—
VIII. ?78. 63. Cardium, sp. ind. Ocoya Creek.
64. Area, sp, ind. Ocoya Creek.
,. ?80. 65. Solen, sp. ind. Ocoya Creek.
,. rc^l. 66. Dosinia, sp. ind. Ocoya Creek.
,', ?79. 67. Venus, sp. ind. Ocoya Creek.
68. Cytherea ?decisa, Conr. Ocoya Creek.
69. Ostrea, sp. ind. San Fernando.
70. Pecten, sp. ind. San Fernando.
71. Turritetta biseriata, Cour., ?n.s. San Fernando.
VII. ?58. 72. Trochus, sp. ind. Benicia.
„ P59. 73. Turritella, sp. ind. Benicia.
„ ?71. 74. Buccinum ? inter striatum. San Pedro
* 75. Anodonta Calif orniensis, Lea. Colorado Desert.
Mr. Conrad, than whom there is no higher authority for American Tertiary
fossils, considers the age of the Eocene boulder ascertained; and that "the
deposits of Santa Barbara and San Pedro represent a recent formation, in
which (teste Blake) the remains of the Mammoth occur : and the shells indi-
cate little, if any, change of temperature since their deposition." But he
acknowledges that the intermediate beds are of uncertain age. Those on
Carrizo Creek he refers to the Miocene, some characteristic species being
either identical with the Eastern Miocene or of closely related forms. In
addition to the species tabulated in this Report, he quotes, as having been
collected in California by Dr. Heermann, " Mercenaries perlaminosa, Conr.,
scarcely differing from M. Ducatelii, Conr. ; and a Cemoria, Pandora, and
Cardita of extinct species, closely analogous to Miocene forms." The casts
from Ocoya Creek were too friable to be preserved, and are figured and de-
scribed from Mr. Blake's drawings ; these also are regarded as Miocene. The
San Diegan specimens are too imperfect for identification ; they are referred
to the Miocene by Conrad, but may perhaps be found to belong to a later
* Several fossils are figured in plates vii. and viii., to which no reference is made in the
toxt. It is unsafe to conjecture the genus to which many of them belong, but it is pre-
nuraed that they relate to the indeterminate species here quoted.
77
593 REPORT — 18G3.
age. The typos of these species in the Smithsonian Museum aA A ra* too -rn-
perfect to determine specifically with any confidence ; and by no means ii* »
suitable condition to allow of important conclusions being drawn from them.
98. The third article in the Appendix to the same volume of Reports
contains a " Catalogue of the Recent Shells, with Descriptions of the New
Species," by Dr. A. A. Gould. The specimens were (apparently) in the hands
of Dr. Gould for examination when he prepared the MS. for the first Report;
and some of them were included in the " Mexican War Collections," B. A.
Report, pp. 227, 228. " The freshwater shells were collected in the Colorado
desert and other localities ; the land and marine shells between San Francisco
and San Diego." The following is the list of species as determined by Dr.
Gould, pp. 330-336. The specimens belong to the Smithsonian Institution,
where a large portion of them were fortunately discovered and verified.
They were collected by W. P. Blake, Esq., and Dr. T. H. Webb.
Plate. Fig. No.
1. Ostrea, sp. ind. Parasitic on twigs ; thin, radiately lineated witli
brown. [=O. conchavhila, Cpr.] Another species, elongated,
solid, allied to Virginica [var. ruf aides]. San Diego.
2. Pecten monotimeris, Conr. San Diego.
3. Pecten ventrtcosus, Sloy.,+tumidus, Sby. [Dead valves, of tha
form <equisulcatus.~] San Diego.
4. Mytilm ?edulis \_ = M. trossttlus, Gld., antea]. San Francisco.
5. Modiola capax, Conr. San Diego.
0. Venus Nuttattii, Conr. [= V. succincta, Val.] San Pedro.
7. Venus Jluctifraga, Sby. San Diego.
8. Tapes grata, Say,= T. discors, Sby., il=straminea, Conr."* San
Pedro.
XL 10,20. 9. Tapes gracilis, Gld.,n.s. Prel. Rep. 1855. [Quite distinct from
every other Tapes known from the coast. It is supposed by
Dr. Cooper to be the young of Saxidomus aratu^ which in
shape and pattern exactly accord with the figure and diagnosis.
But the " Tapes" is figured without sculpture. The shell was
not found at the Smiths. Inst.] San Pedro, Slake.
10. Cyclas, sp. ind. Colorado Desert.
XT 21,22. 11. Cardium o-uentatum, Gld., n.s. Prel. Rep. 1855. [P. Z. S. 1850,
p. 201, = C. substriatum, Conr.] San Diego. [San Pedro,
Blake, in text.]
12. Lucina orbella, Gld. [ = « Mysia (Sphcerella) tumida," Conr.] S&E
Pedro.
13. Lucina Nuttallii, Conr. San Pedro.
14. Metodesma ?mbrutincta, Sby.f San Pedro.
15. Tellina vtcifia, C. B. Ad. [Dead specimens of = Heterodonax
(" PsammoUa" var.) Pacifica, Com1.] San Diego.
16. Tilliita sccta, Conr. San Pedro.
17. S )h(enia \_Cry 'ntomyal Calif 'ornica, Conr. San Diego.
18. Petricola carditwdes, C<mr.\ = cylindracea, Desh. Monterey; San
Pedro.
19. Sokaafim Calif ornicnsis, Conr. San Diego.
20. Gnathodon Lecontii, Conr.,= G. trigonum, Petit. Colorado Desert.
\_Lecontei is probably the large Texan species : trigonu8*etntM/»
dicus is a very distinct shell from Mazatlan.]
* Neither Dr. Gould, nor Conrad himself, in his later geological writings, appears to
liave called to mind the true T. staminea, to which the Smithsonian shells belong. It is
the northern representative of T. grata, but quite distinct : v. synonymy under Venu*
Petitii — riffida, pars.
f No " Mesodesma " was found among the shells returned to the Smithsonian Institu-
tion, nor has any been heard-ot from the coast. Dr. Gould's shell may have been Semele
i>a!ckra, which was in the collection.
78
OX MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 5 3
Plate. Fig. No.
21. Lottia scabra, Gld. [non Nutt, Rve. : = spectrum, Nutt., Rve. ] San
Francisco.
22. Lottia patina, Esch. San Pedro.
23. Scurria pallida. Gray, = Lottia mitra, Brod. [= Scurria mitra,
Esch., = Z. conica, Old., anteaJ\ San Pedro.
24. Calyptreea hispida, Brod. [= Crucibulum spinosum, Sby.] San
Pedro j San Diego.
25. Orepidula incurra, Brod.* San Pedro.
26. JM/0 nebulosa, Old. San Diego.
27. Bulla (Haminea) rirescens, Sbv. San Diego.
XI. 29. 28. Sulla (Haminea) vesicula, Gl<£, n.s. Prel. Rep. 1855. [P. Z. S.
1856, p. 203.] San Diego, Slake.
XL 27,28. 29. Bulla (Tornatina) incuUa,G\d.,u.s. Prel. Rep. 1855. S.Diego.
[P. Z. S. 1856, p. 203. Appears to be a Utriculi<s.~]
30. Trochus mosstus, J onas [ = Chlorostoma funebrale, A. Ad., = mar-
ffinatum, Nutt. Jonas' s species is S. American.] San Diego.
XI. 25,26. 31. Phasianella compta, Old., n.s. Prel. Rep. 1855. [P. Z. S. 1856,
p. 204.] San Diego, Webb, Blake.
32. Litorina, sp. ind. [var. plena, Gld.] San Diego.
33. Melampus, sp. ind. [olivaceus, Cpr.] San Diego.
34. Olica biplicata, Sby. San Pedro.
XI. 23,24. 35. Potamis ptdlatus, Gld., n.s. Prel. Rep. 1855. [= Cerithidea fus-
cata, Gld., n.s. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 206. = C. sacrata, var., teste
Nuttall, Cooper.] San Diego, Webb, Make.
XI. 6-9. 36. Amnicolaprotea,Gld., n.s. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., March 1855.
Colorado Desert (Gran Jornada), Webb, Blake.
XL 10,11. 37. Amnicola longinqua, Gld., n.s. Proc. Bost, Soc. N. H., March
1855. Colorado Desert (Cienaga Grande), Blake.
XI. 12-18. 38. Planorbis ammon, Gld., n.s. Proc. Bost, Soc. N. H., Feb. [Otia,
Mar. in text] 1855. A very variable species. Colorado Desert
and Ocoya Creek, Webb, Blake.
XI. 1-5. 39. Pliysa humerosa, Gld., n.s. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. II., Feb. 1855.
Colorado Desert, Blake ; Pecos River, Webb.
40. Succinea, sp. ind. Ocoya Creek.
41. Helix Vancouver emis. Lea. San Francisco.
42. Helix San-Diegoensis, Lea. Point Reyes. [No such species,
teste Binney.]
43. Helix mfumata, Gld. [Otia, p. 215.] Point Reyes.
44. Helix Oreyonensis, Lea. Cypress Point.
99. The fossils of the various Western expeditions were being arranged in
1860 in the Smithsonian Museum by Prof. J. S. Newberry, M.D., a natu-
ralist of rare experience and accomplishments, and author of " Reports on
the Geology, Botany, and Zoology of Northern California and Oregon." Wash-
ington, 1857. They are embodied in vol. vi. of the l Pacific Railroad Re-
ports.' The following is a list of the fossils, which were described )<y
Mr. Conrad in pp. 69-73, having first appeared in the Proceedings of the
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Dec. 1856, to which page-refer-
ences are added.
Dr. Newberry's Californian Fossils.
Page. Plate. Fig.
69. IX. 1. Schizopyga Califomiana, Conr., Phil. Proc. Dec. 1856, p. 315.
[Partaking of the characters of Cancellaria and Pyramidella.~\
Santa Clara, Cal.
j; „ 2. Cryptomya ovalis, Conr., p. 314. [Closely approaching the recent
species, C. Californica.] Monterey Co.
ff „ 3. Thracia mactropsis, Conr., p. 313. Monterey Co.
* The Crepidulce returned in this collection were aduwa and fntgosa, var.
18G3.
59i REPORT— 18C3.
Page. Plate. Fi?.
70. II. 4. Mya Montereyana, Conr., p. 313. [Figure resembles Periploma
aryentaria.~] Monterey Co.
„ „ 5. ?Alya8ul,stmiata,Conr. [Comp.Macomainqmnata.'] Monterey Co.
}) n 6. Arcopagia medialis, Conr., p. 314. Like A. biplicata, Conr.. of
the Maryland Miocene. [Closely resembles Lutricola alta, Conr.]
Montere Co.
„ ,, 7. Tapes liuteahim, Conr., p. 314. California.
1
„ „ 8. Area canal-is, Conr., p. 314. Santa Barbara,
„ „ 9. Area trilincata, Conr., p. 314. Santa Barbara.
;onr., p. dl4. Uamorma.
ensis, Conr. [Closely resembles Pect. intermedms.~]
i, Ccrnr., p. 313. ? Santa Barbara and shores of
„ 10. Area congesta, Conr., p. 314. California.
71. III. 11. Axincea llarbarensis,
„ „ 12. Mulinia densata,
Pablo Bay.
„ Dosinia I'.mgula, Conr., p. 315. Monterey.
„ „ 13. Dosinia alta, Conr., p. 315. Monterey.
„ „ 14. Pecten Pabloensis, Conr. San Pablo Bay.
„ „ 15. Pallium Estrellanum, Conr., p. 313. Estrella Valley.
„ '„ 16. Janira Mia, Conr., p. 312. Santa Barbara.
/2' ^ I7a } Ostrea Titan> Conrv pkil. Proc- 1856- San Luis Obispo.
73. V. 25. Pandora bilirata, Conr., p. 267. [Closely resembles Kennerlia
bicarinata.~\ Santa Barbara.
„ „ 24. Cardita occidental, Conr., 1855, p. 267. [?= C. ventricosa, Gld.l
Santa Barbara.
„ „ 23. Diadora crucibuliformis, Conr., 1855, p. 267. [? = Pundweila
cueidlata, Gld.] Santa Barbara.
Fossils of Gatun, Isthmus of Darien.
72. V. 22. Malea ringens, Swains. Gatun.
„ „ 19. TurriteUa altilira, Conr. Gatun.
„ „ 20. Turritella Gatunensis, Conr. Gatun.
„ n 20. Triton, sp. ind. Gatun.
n „ 21. ? Cytherea Dariena, Conr. [The figure does not appear conspe-
cific with that in the Blake collection, no. 50.] Galun.
The northern fossils are supposed by Mr. Conrad to be of the Miocene period,
and not to be referable to existing species. Those from Sta. Barbara, however,
are clearly of a very recent age, and probably belong to the beds searched by
Col. Jewett. But by far the most interesting result of Dr. Newberry's ex-
plorations was the discovery of the very typical Pacific shell, Malea ringens,
in the Tertiary strata on the Atlantic slope of the Isthmus of Darien, not
many miles from the Caribbean Sea. The characters of this shell being such
as to be easily recognized, and not even the genus appearing in the Atlantic,
it is fair to conclude that it had migrated from its head waters in the Pacific
during a period when the oceans were connected. We have a right, there-
fore, to infer that during the lifetime of existing species there was a period
when the present separation between the two oceans did not exist. We
may conclude that species as old in creation as Malea ringens may be found
still living in each ocean ; and there is, therefore, no necessity for creating
" representative species," simply because, according to the present configu-
ration of our oceans, we do not see how the molluscs could have travelled to
unexpected grounds.
100. In vol. vii. of the Pacific Railroad Reports, part 2, is the Geological
Report, presented to the Hon. Jefferson Davis, then Secretary of War, by
Thos. Antisell, M.D. He states reasons for believing that during the Eocene
period the Sierra Nevada only existed as a group of islands ; that its final
uplifting was after the Miocene period ; and that during the whole of that
80
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 59?
period the coast-range was entirely under water. The Miocene beds ar*
above 2000 feet in thickness, and abound in fossils generally distinct from
those of the eastern strata. There is nothing in California answering to the
Northern Drift of the countries bordering on the Atlantic. The molluscs of
Dr. AntiselTs Survey were described by Mr. Conrad, pp. 189-196. He
remarks that " the fossils of the Estrella Yalley and Sta. Inez Mountains are
quite distinct from those of the Sta. Barbara beds, and bear a strong resem-
blance to the existing Pacific fauna. The Miocene period is noted, both in
the eastern and western beds, for the extraordinary development of Pecti-
nidce, both in number, in size, and in the exemplification of typical ideas."
It also appears to be peculiarly rich in Arcadce, which are now almost
banished from that region, while they flourish further south. The large
Amusium caurinum and the delicate Pecten hastatus of the Vancouver district,
as well as the remarkable Janira dentata of the Gulf, may be regarded as a
legacy to existing seas from the Miocene idea; otherwise the very few
Pectinids which occur in collections along the whole West Coast of North
America is a fact worthy of note. Mr. Conrad has " no doubt but that the
Atlantic and Pacific oceans were connected at the Eocene period;" and the
fossils here described afford strong evidence that the connexion existed during
the Miocene epoch. All the species here enumerated (except Pecten deserti
and " Anomia subcostata ") were believed to be distinct from those collected
by the preceding naturalists.
Dr. AntiseWs Californian Fossils.
Page. Plate. Fig.
190. II. 1,2, Hinnites crassa, Conr. [?=1T. yigantea, Gray.] Sta. Mar-
ti, err. typ.] garita.
„ I. 1. Pecten Meekii, Conr. San Raphael Hills.
„ Pecten deserti, Conr. Blake's Col., p. 15. Corrizo Creek.
'„ III. 1. Pecten discus, Conr. Near Sta. Inez.
191. I. 2. Pecten mag nolia, Conr. [Probably = P. Jeffersonius, Say, Vir-
ginia.] Near Sta. Inez.
„ III. 2. Pecten altiplicatus, Conr. San Raphael Hills.
„ III. 3, 4. Pallium Estrellanum, Conr. [JamraJ] Estrella.
„ I. 3. Spondylus Estrellanus, Conr. \?Janira.~\ Estrella.
192. V. 3, 5. Tapes montana, Conr. San Buenaventura.
„ VII. 1. Tapes Inezensis, Conr. Sta. Inez.
)} IV. 1, 2. Venus Pajaroana, Conr. Pajaro River.
;; IV. 3,4. Arcopagia unda, Conr. Shore of Sta. Barbara and Estrella.
[Closely resembles A. biplicata ; ? — Lutricola alta.~\
„ VII. 4. Cyclas permacra, Conr. Sierra Monica. Resembles C. pan-
duta, Conr.,=Zwcwa compressa, Lea.
„ VI. 6. Cyclas Estrellana, Conr. Estrella.
„ V. 1. Area Obispoana, Com-. San Luis Obispo.
193. V. 2, 4. Parliy desma Inezana, Conr. [Like P. crassatelloides."] Sta,
Inez Mts.
„ VI. 1, 2. Crassatella collina, Conr. Sta. Inez Mts.
„ II. 3. Ostrea subjecta, Conr. "Maybe the young of O. Panzana."
Sierra Monica.
,. II. 4. Ostrea Panzana, Conr. Panza, Estrella, and Gaviote Pas».
H Dosinia alta, Conr. Salinas River.
„ VII. 2. Dosinia lonaula, Conr. Salinas River.
194. VI. 4. Dosinia montana, Conr. Salinas River.
„ VI. 5. Dosinia subobliqua, Conr. Salinas River. Alsa it small Vennsr
a Natica, and a Pecten.
M VIII. 2, 3. Mytilus Inezensis, Conr. Sta. Inez.
n V. 6. Lutraria transmontana, Conr. Allied to L. papyria, Conr:
Los Angeles ; also San Luis.
6 81
5C6 REPORT— 1863.
Paje. Plate. Fig.
3.
VI. 3. Axinea Barbaremis, Conr. Los Angeles. [?=mfermedt'us.]
n VIL 3. ? Mactra Gabiotensis, Conr. Gaviote Pass. May be a tick*
zodesma. Associated with Mytilus sp. and InfundibuluK
Gabiotensis.
n VII. 5. Glycimeris Estrellanus, Conr. Panza and Estrella VaUeys
Allied to Panop&a reflexa, Say. [? = P. yenerosa, Old.]"
195. Perna montana, Conr. S.Buenaventura. Allied to P. ma.t'tllata
„ VII. 3. Trochita costellata, Conr. Gaviote Pass.
w VIII. 4. Turntella Inezana, Conr. Sta. Inez Mts.
„ VIII. 5. Turritella variata, Conr. Sta. Inez Mts.
,. X. 5, 6. Natica Inezana, Conr. \?Lunatia Lemsii.~\ Sta. Inez Mts.
As before, the fossils appear to be in very bad condition. The succeeding
palaeontologists who have to identify from them are not to be envied. Theii
principal value is to show what remains in store for future explorers. The
extreme beauty of preservation in the fossils collected by Col. Jewett, rivalling
those of the Paris Basin, and sometimes surpassing the conspecific living
shells, makes us astonished that so large a staff of eminent men, employed
by the Government, made such poor instalments of contribution to malacolo-
gical science. The plan, too often followed, of remunerating naturalists, not
according to the skilled labour they bestow, but according to the number ot
" new species " they describe, is greatly to be deprecated. Further knowledge
concerning the old species may be more important in scientific inquiries than
the mere naming of new forms. It is generally a much harder task to per-
form, and, therefore, more deserving of substantial as well as of honourable
acknowledgment.
101. The shells collected on the North Pacific Railroad Survey were in-
trusted to W. Cooper, Esq., of Hoboken, New Jersey, for description : Dr.
Gould being occupied with preparing the diagnoses of the N. Pacific E. E.
species. Judge Cooper was at that time the only naturalist in America known
to be actively engaged in studying the marine shells of the West Coast, of
which he has a remarkably valuable collection. He had rendered very valu-
able service to the Smithsonian Institution by naming their specimens. Un-
fortunately, there is such great difficulty even in New York city (of which
Hoboken is a suburb) in obtaining access to typically named shells, AS well us
to many necessary books *, that, notwithstanding the greatest care, errors of
determination are almost sure to arise.
The " Report upon the Mollusca collected on the Survey, by Wm. Cooper,"
forms No. 6 of the Appendix, pp. 369-386, and errata. (Unfortunately the
* Both Judge Cooper and Dr. Lea informed me (1860) that they had not been able
even to see a copy of the plates to the U. S. Expl. Exped. Mollusca. Through special
favour, I was enabled to obtain a series of the proofs to work by. The Smithsonian
Institution, though intrusted with the keeping of the collections, was not favoured
with a copy until after the war began, when the whole series was granted by Congress.
Judge Cooper had derived great assistance from the British Association Report, and
has communicated many corrections iu it. In the alterations of synonymy, and in
defining the limits of specific variation, I have had the benefit of his counsel and ex-
perience; and have rarely felt compelled to differ from him. liaving himself collected
extensively in the West Indies, he had excellent opportunities of comparing fresh
specimens from the now separated oceans. I was fortunate enough to meet his son,
Dr. J. G. Cooper, at the Smithsonian Institution, and to examine the types of the
species he collected (which are here enumerated) with the advantage of his memory
and knowledge. His later contributions to the malacology of \V. America will be
afterwards enumerated: his valuable Treatise on the Forests and Trees of North
America will be found in the Smithsonian Reports, 1858, pp. 240-280.
82
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 507
work had been carelessly printed.) It contains the following species, tho
1 )calities quoted in the text from other sources being here omitted : —
oGU. Murex foliatus, Gmel., = 7J/. monodon, Esch. (Cerostoma). San Diego, ? fossil,
Cassidy.
9J Murex festivus, Hds. Dead. San Diego, Cassidy.
„ Triton Oregonensis, Redfield (non Jay/ nee Say) =71 cancellation, Midd.,
Rve., non Lam. Straits of De Fuca, Suckley, Gibbs, J. G. Cooper.
370. Clirysodomus antiquus, var. Behringiana, Midd., one specimen. Straits of Do
Fuca, Suckley. [Comp. Chr. tabulatusJ]
f) Chrysodomus Middendorffi-i, Coop., n. s.,= Tritonium decemcostatum, Midd.
One specimen on the shore of Whidby's Island. Straits of De Fuca, J. G.
Cooper. [ = JBuc. liratum, Mart. This being a remarkable instance of a
"representative species," it requires to be minutely criticized. Judge
Cooper compared his specimen with 130 eastern shells*, and noted the differ-
ences with great fulness and accuracy. A series of Middendorff's Pacific
shells having been brought to England by Mr. Damon, and sold at high
prices, I made a searching comparison of one of them with the eastern
specimens furnished me by Judge Cooper and other most trusty naturalists.
According to the diagnosis of Middendoiffii, it should be referred to C. de-
cemcostatus, Say, and not to the De Fuca species, as it agrees in all respects
with the eastern peculiarities quoted, except that the riblets near the canal
are rather more numerous and denned. As it might be suspected that
Mr. Damon's shells were mixed, I have made a similar comparison with a
shell from the N. W. coast, sent to the Smiths. Inst, by Mr. Pease, and with
the same result. On examining the specimens in the Cumingian Collection,
in company with A. Adams, Esq., we were both convinced that the eastern
and western forms could not be separated. In the similar shells collected
by Mr. Adams in the Japan seas there are remarkable variations in the de-
tails of sculpture.]
371. CJirysodomm Sitchensis, Midd. ^—incisus, Gld., = cftr«s, Rve.]. Str. De Fuca,
Suckley, Gibbs.
„ Nassa mendica, Gld. Puget Sound, Suckley.
„ Nassa Gibbsii, Coop., n. s. "Resembles N. trivittata more than N. mendica."
Port Townsend, Puget Sound. [In a large series, neither Dr. Stimpson nor
I were able to separate Cis species from N. mendica. Similar variations
are common in British Nassce. Picked individuals from the Neeah Bay-
series would probably be named triwttata, if mixed with eastern shells.]
„ Purpura lactuca, Esch. , + M. fevqugineus, Esch., = P. septentrionalis, Rve. Puget
Sound, Suckley, Gibbs; Shoalwater Bay, Str. de Fuca, J. G. Cooper.
"Abounds on rocks and oyster-beds in Shoalwater Bay, the form and
amount of rugosity depending on station. The oyster-eaters are smooth
even when young." — J. G. C.
G72. Purpura ostrina, Gld., = P. Freycinetii, Midd., non Desh. +P. decemcostata
[Coop., non] Midd. Rocks above low- water mark ; from mouth of Hood's
Canal to Str. Fuca ; Puget Sound, common, J. G. Cooper.
„ Purpyra lapittus [Coop., non] Linn. [=P. saxicola, Val.] Str. De Fuca,
Puget Sound, J. G. Cooper. "Found with P. ostrma, and equally common."
[Some varieties run into the New England form of P. lapilhis, sufficiently
nearly to justify the identification ; but the bulk of the specimens are easily
distinguished by the excavated columella, They pass by insensible grada-
tions to P. ostrina, Gld., which is a rare and extreme variety. Many of the
shells called P. Freycinetii by Midd. are certainly referable to this species.
Some forms pass towards the true P. Freycinetii, Desh., while others are
equally close to the very different P. emaryinata, Desh.]
„ Purpura emarcfinata, Des'h., = P. Conradi, Nutt. MS. "Upper California,"
Trask -, San Diego, Trotcbridae. [This appears to be exclusively a southern
form = saxicola, var.]
„ Monoceros engonatum, Conr., = Jf. unicarinatum, Sby. San Pedro, Dr. Tra*k
873. Monoceros hipilloicles, Conr.,=J/.^w«cfrtfwH; Gray. San Pedro, Dr. Tra*k.
83
598 REPORT— 18C3.
Fnge.
373. Columbella gausapata, Gld. Str. de Fuca, Sucklcy.
„ Columbella valaa [Cooper, non] Gld. [ = Buccinum corrugatum, Rve.] Str.
de Fuca, Suckley.
„ Natica Leivisii, Gld.,=JV. herculea, Midd. Puget Sound, J. G. Cooper, Suck-
ley. "Shell sometimes remarkably globose, sometimes with spire nmcli
produced." W. C. "Abundant throughout the N.W. sounds, and col-
lected in great numbers by the Indians for food. In summer it cravls
above high-water mark to deposit its eggs " in the well-known sand-coils,
which are "beautifully symmetrical, smooth, and perfect on both sides." —
J.G.C.
„ Potamis pullatus, Gld. A variable species. U. Cal., Trask.
374. Melania plicifera, Lea. Very common in rivers, W. T., J. G. Cooptr,
„ Melania silicula, Gld. [ = one of the many vars. of M. plici/era, teste Lea],
In rivers, W. T., Nisqually and Oregon, J. G. Cooper.
„ Melania Shortaensis, Lea, MS. \_=Shastaensis) Lea]. Willopah River, J. G.
Cooper.
„ Amnicola Nuttalliana, Lea, Phil. Trans, pi. 26. f. 89. Columbia River, J. G.
Cooper.
„ Amnicola seminalis, Hds. U. Cal., Trask. [Belongs to Dr. Stimpson's new-
genus, Flutmnicola.l
„ Turritella Eschrichtii, Midd. [=£ittium Jilosum, Gld.]. Puget Sound, Sitct>
ley, Gibbs.
„ " Litorina rudis, Gld., Stn." [Cooper, non Mont.]. Shoalwater Bay, De
Fuca, J. G. Cooper, Suckley, Gibbs. " Very abundant on the N.W. coast,
where it presents the same varied appearances as our eastern shell." — W. C.
[To an English eye, it appears quite distinct. L. rudis, Coop., with ,wi-
tenebrosa, Midd., and modesta, Phil., are probably vars. of L. Sitkana, Phil.,
-L. sulcata, Gld.l
„ Litorina scutulata, Gld. On rocks, from the head of Puget Sound to De Fuca,
J. G. Cooper.
„ Litorina planaxis, Nutt. [=£. patula, Gld.]. San Luis Obispo, Dr. Antisell.
375. Tr chusjilosus, Wood,= T. ligatus, Gld.,= T. modestus, Midd. Str. de Fuca,
J. G. Cooper] U. Cal., Trask. \=T. costatus, Mart.]
„ 2rocftus Schantaricus [Coop., non] Midd. \_=zMarg. pupilla, Gld.., = M. calo-
stoma, A. Ad.] Str. de Fuca, J. G. Cooper, abundant.
„ Haliotis Kamtschatkana, Jonas. Nootka Sound, Capt. Russell, teste Trask.
„ HaKotis corrugata. San Diego, Cassidy.
„ Ilaliotis splendens. San Diego, Cassidy.
„ Haliotis rufescens. San Diego, Cassidy.
„ Haliotis Cracherodii. (None of the rare var. Calif orniensis.} S. Diego, Cassidy.
„ Fissurella nigropunctata, Sby. Two specimens sent by Dr. Trask as coming
from Catalina Is., U. Cal. [Pimported].
„ Fissurella aspera}lEsch.,? = cratitia, Gld., ? = densiclathrata, live. \_=Lincolni,
Gray. This is certainly Gould's species from type ; but Reeve's shell is
southern, and appears distinct.] U. Cal., Lieut. Troivbridge.
376. Nacella instabilis.
Acmcea pelta.
Acmcea persona.
Acmcea spectrum.
Acmcea scabra.
Acmcea ceruginosa.
The few shells collected of this family are mostly imper-
fect, but appear to belong to the species quoted : for
the synonymy of which, reference is made to the Bri-
tish Association Report.
j Still fewer materials, among which the quoted species
r. I were identified. [The " submarmoreus" both of
Scurria mitra.
Chiton muscosus.
Chiton submarmoreus.
Chiton tunicatus. T Midd. and Coop., may prove to be Tonicia lineataf
Chiton lianosus. ) var.] Chiefly from Oregon.
Helix fidelis, Gray,= Nuttalliana t Lea. Forests W. of Cascade Mountain,
W. *T., J. G. Cooper.
Helix Zownsetidiana, Lea. " Common in open prairies near the sea, but not
near Puget Sound," W. T., J. G. Cooper.
84
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 5D9
Page.
376. Hdix Columbiana, Lea,=fo&zosa, Gld. "In wet meadows from Vancouver
to the coast, not near Puget Sound," W. Tv J. G. Cooper.
877. Helix Fancouverensis, Lea \_+sportetta, Gld., teste Bland]. "West of Cas-
cade Mountain ; most abundant under alder- gro ves j also on Whidby's
Island," W. T., J. G. Cooper.
„ IMiv devia, Gld.,=Basikervillei, Pfr. Two sp. in damp woods, near Van-
couver, W. T., J. G. Cooper.
,, Hdix tudiculata, Binn. Rare, with the last, Vancouver ; also Washington
Territory, J. G. Cooper.
„ Succinea NuttaUiana, Lea. Rare and dead, at Vancouver, J. G. Cooper.
„ Umax Columbianus, Gld. "Abundant in dense, damp spruce-forests, near
Pacific coast; grows to 6 inches, and is smooth, not rugose, when living,"
J. G. Cooper.
878. Limncga umbrosa, Gld. Lake Oyosa, Okanagan River, J. G. Cooper.
„ Limnaea emarginata, Say. Lake Oyosa, Okanagan River, J. G. Cooper.
„ Limmcajuguiaris, Say. Lake Oyosa, Okanagan River, J. G. Cooper.
„ Physa elongata, Say. Near Puget Sound, J. G. Cooper.
„ Physa heterostropka, Say. Ponds in W. T., J. G. Cooper.
„ Physa bullata, Gld. MS. Lake Oyosa, W. T., J. G. Cooper.
„ Ancylus caurinm, Coop., ?n.s. ["? = A. Nuttalli, Hold.," Coop. MS.] Black
River, near Puget Sound, J. G. Cooper.
„ Planorbis corpulentus, Say. Lake Oyosa, W. T., J. G. Cooper.
„ Planorbis trivolvis, Say. Exceedingly abundant in shallow lakes near Van-
couver, W. T., J. G. Cooper.
„ Planorbis planulatus, Coop., n. s. "A small carinated species, found only in
lakes on Whidby's Island," /. G. Cooper. [Comp. P. opcrcularis, Gld.]
379. Sulla nebulosa, Gld. Bav of S. Pedro, Trask.
„ Sulla tenella, A. Ad., in Sby. Thes. pi. 134. f. 104 [?]. Puget Sound, one sp.,
Snckley. [?=Haminea hydatisJ]
ff Ostrea edulis, Coop, [non Linn. :=O. lurida, Cpr.]. De Fuca and Puget
Sound, Gibbs -, Shoalwater Bay, Cooper. "Small in Puget Sound; finer in
Shoalwater Bay, which supplies S. Francisco market ; large at Vancouver's
Island ; very large near mouth of Hood's Canal."
„ \Placuri\anomia macroschisma, Desh. De Fuca, Gibbs', Nootka Sound, Copt.
Russell.
„ Pe?ten caurinus, Gld. De Fuca, Suckley. One of the specimens measures
2 } inches in circumference and 8 in. across.
830. Pecten rentricosus, $b\.,~\-tumidus, Sby. [= ?var. aquisulcatus, Cpr.]. Upper
Cal., Trask\ San Diego, Cassidy.
, Mytffus edulu, Ln. Shoalwater Bay, Cooper. " As abundant as in Europe
and N. England, with the same variations, and when eaten occasionally
causing urticaria." — J. G. Cooper.
, Mytilm Cahforniamts, Conr. Puget Sound, Port Townsend, Stickley, Gibbs j
Upper Cal, Trask. One specimen is 9£ inches long.
n Modiola capax [Cooper, non] Conr. [ = Jf. modiolus, Ln.]. Not common. Str.
de Fuca, Gibbs, Cooper.
„ ModiolafiaMlata^ Gld. Puget S. and Str. de Fuca, Gibbs. [ = 3f. recta, var.]
„ Lifhophaaus, sp. ind., like falcatus. [Probably Adula stylina, Cpr.] Rocks
near mouth of Umpqua B-iver, Oregon, Dr. Vollum.
331. Area grandis, Coop, [non Brod. and Sby.,= A. multicostata, Sby.]. One sp.
living. San Diego, Cassidy.
n Marffaritana margariti/era, ~Le&, = Alasmodonta falcata, Gld. River Chehalis,
&c., W. T., Cooper; Shasta River, Or., Trask. After careful comparison
with eastern U. S. specimens, and those from Newfoundland and Europe,
Judge Cooper agrees with Dr. Lea that the N.W. shells are at most a slight
variety. " The most abundant of the freshwater bivalves, and the only one
yet found in the Chehalis, the streams running into Puget Sound, and "most
branches of the Columbia. No species is found in the streams running into
Shoalwater Bay. Eaten by the Indians E. of the Cascade Mountains/'
J. G. C,
85
600 KEPORT-— 1863.
Page .
381. Anodonta angulata, Lea,+A feminalis, Old. Plentiful in Yaldma Hirer,
W. T., Cooper. A series of specimens of var'ous ages leads Judge Cooper
to endorse Dr. Lea's opinion of the identity of the two species.
„ Anodonta Oregonensis, Lea. Rivers of W. T., Cooper.
„ Anodonta Wahlamatensis, Lea. Lagoons in Sacramento River, Dr. Trash.
382. Cardium Nuttalli, Conr. Shoalwater Bay and Puget Sound, Cooper; San
Franc., Dr. Bigelow, Trask. "The most abundant clam of Shoalwater Bay,
inhabiting sandy mud, a few inches below the surface. The Indians feel
for them with a knife or sharp stick with great expertness. In July many
come to the surface and die, f from the sun's heat.
„ Cardium quadragenarium, Conr. One valve. San Luis Obispo, Dr. Antisell.
„ Lucina Calif arnica, Conr. San Diego, Cassidy.
)} Cyclas, sp. ind. Whidby's Island ; pools near Steilacoom, Cooper.
„ Venu^ staminea, Conr.,+ Venerupis Petitii, Desh.,+ Venus rigida, Old. [pars],
+ Tapes diversa, Sby. Shoalwater Bay and Puget Sound, Cooper, Suck-
ley ; San Francisco, Trask ; San Diego, Lieut. Trowbridgc. [To the
above synonymy, by Judge Cooper, the large series of specimens in the
Smithsonian Mus. compels an assent. He considers Tapes straminca, of
Sby. Thes., to be a variety of V. histrionica, but it more probably = T.
grata, as Dr. Gould appears to have considered it, having copied Sowerby's
error. Conrad named it, not from the colour, as was supposed when quoting
it as " straminea" but from the thread-like sculpture (teste Conr. ips.).
Whatever be the form, colour, or sculpture of the shell, Judge Cooper
remarks in all the same characters of teeth and hinge j we may add also, of
the pallial sinus.]
883. Saxidomus Nuttallii [Coop., non] Conr.,+ Venerupis gigantea, Desh.,-f Vemts
maxima, Phil. [?]. Near Copalux River, south of Shoalwater Bay, com-
mon at Puget Sound, Cooper ; Bodegas, Cal., Trask. " Much superior to
the Atlantic quahog as food, but called by the same name. Its station is in
somewhat hard sand, near l.-w. mark,",/. G. C. [Judge Cooper regards all
the Saxidomi of the coast, except S. aratus, as one species. The southern
form, " with rough concentric striae and brown disc, is Conrad's species ;
" others from Oregon are much smoother, without regular stri;e." The.-e are
& squalidus, Desh. Dr. Cooper found " a fossil variety, in coast-banks 10
feet above sea-level, which is well figured in Midd. and (less distinctly) by
Desh. A Californian specimen measures 4-8 in. across. " The fossils, through
disintegration, often assume the aspect of Venus Kennerleyi, the former
margins remaining as varical ridges, while the softer interstices have
perished.]
„ Venus lamellifera, Conr.,= Venerupis Cordieri, Desh. San Diego, Cassidy,
884. Lutraria maxima, Midd., — L. capax, Gld. [ = Schizotheerus Nuttalli, Conr.]
Shoalwater Bay, Cooper. San Francisco, Trask. " Lives buried nearly 2 feet
in hard sand, near 1. w. mark, its long siphons reaching the surface; also in
many parts of Puget Sound up to near Olympia. It is excellent food, and
a chief article of winter stores to the Indians, who string and smoke them
in their lodges. Length, 7f in. The burrows are found in the cliffs, 10 fert
above high water, with all the other Mollusca now living ; and two, not
now found, were then common [viz. ?...]. The Indians have no tradition
as to the elevation, and the ancient trees show no signs of the irregular
upheavings which raised the former levels of low water, by successive
stages, to a height now nearly 100 feet," J. G. C.
„ Tellina nasuta, Conr. Common, from L. Cal. to the Arctic Seas. Shoal-
water Bay, Cooper-, Puget Sound, SucJdcy; San Francisco, Trask.
„ Tellina edentula [Cpr., Coop., not Brod. and S\>y., = Macoma secta, var. edulis,
Nutt,]. Puget Sound, Gibbs.
„ Tellina Bodegensis, lids. Shoalwater Bay, rare, Cooper; mouth of Umpqua
River, Vollum.
885. Sanguinolaria Californiana, Conr. "Common at the mouth of the Columbia
and other rivers, and high up salt-water creeks/' Cooper. \_ =
inconspicua} Brod. and Sby.]
86
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 601
_
Solen sicarius, Gld. One dead shell, near Steilacoom, Puget Sound, Cooper.
" Probably abundant on the mud-flats near the mouth of the Nisqually
River," j. G. C.
9f Machcera patula, Portl. and Dix. (Coop, errata ; Nuttalli in text), = Solen
maximus, Wood, non C\i?mn.,= Solecurtus Nuttallii, Com., = Macha;ra cos-
tata, Midd., non Say. Washington Ter., Cooper. "Burrows a few inches
from the surface, at the edge of the usual low tide ; is justly considered
(except the oyster) the best of the many fine eatable molluscs of the coast.
It is the only truly marine mollusc found near the Columbia River ; extends
northwards wherever the beach is sandy, but not known in the Straits of
de Fuca," J. G. C.
9t Mya cancellata, (Platyodon) , Conr. Dead valves, St. Luis Obispo, Dr,
Antisell,
„ Sph(snia California, (Cryptomyd), Conr. San Francisco, Trask.
886. MytiUmeria Nuttalli, Conr. A group, nestling in a white, friable, arenaceous
substance, was obtained at San Diego by Lieut. Trowbridge.
n Pholas [Pholadidea] penita, Conr., = P, concamerata, Desh. From worn rock
which drifted into Shoal water Bay, attached to the roots of Macrocystis,
the giant seaweed, Cooper ; De Fuca, Suckley; mouth of Umpqua River,
Oregon, Dr. Vollum.
The above list must be considered as a resume, not merely of the shells of the
N. P. Railroad Survey, but also of all those examined by Judge Cooper, from
the Smithsonian Museum and from his own private collection. It is pecu-
liarly valuable as preserving the notes concerning station, &c., of the original
explorers, and has therefore required a more lengthened analysis.
The land-shells collected byDr. Newberry in the Pacific Railroad Survey were
described by W. G. Binney, Esq., with his accustomed accuracy. His paper
will be found in the Reports, vol. vi. pp. 111-114. The following are the
only species enumerated : —
1. Helix Jidelis, Gray, Chem., Pfr., Rve., = ^T. Nuttalliana^ Lea, Binney, sen., De
Kay. Portland, Oregon, Newberry. Local.
2. Helix infumata, Gld., Proc. Bost. N. H. S., Feb. 1855, p. 127. Hills near
San Francisco, Newberry. Extremely rare.
.3. Helix ceruginosa, Gld., var. /3. loc. cit. North of San Francisco, Newberry.
Rare.
4. Helix Dupetithouarsi, jun., Desh., Chem., Pfr., Rve.,= jy. Oregonmsis, Lea,
Pfr. San Francisco, Benicia, Cal. ; Klamath Lake, Oregon; Newberry. " One
of the commonest and most widely distributed species of the Pacific region."
102. The U. S. Government also sent out a " North-west Boundary Com-
mission," in charge of Archibald Campbell, Esq. The natural-history
arrangements were superintended by the Smithsonian Inst., and Dr. C. B. R.
Kennedy was appointed naturalist to the Expedition. At his request, I
undertook to prepare a Report of the Mollusca, to be published and illustrated
in a form corresponding to the Pacific Railroad Reports; Dr. Alcock kindly
undertaking to dissect the animals, and Mr. Busk to examine the Polyzoa.
Dr. Kennerly died on his return from a three years' exploration ; and the
civil war has thus far delayed any further publication. The materials have,
however, been thoroughly investigated. They consist principally of dredg-
ings in Puget Sound. On reference to the maps published by the U. S.
Coast Survey, it will be seen that this inland sea consists of a remarkable
labyrinth of waters, fiord within fiord, and only indirectly connected with
the currents of the Pacific Ocean. It might therefore be expected to furnish
us with the species of quiet migration, and perhaps with those still living
from a period of previous altered conditions. No doubt it will furnish new
materials to reward the labours of many successsive naturalists. The pre-
87
602 REPORT— 1863.
maturely closed investigations of Dr. Kennerley are only the beginning of a
rich harvest. Dr. George Suckley, late assistant-surgeon of the U. S. army,
was appointed to complete the natural-history work, after his lamented
death. A complete list of the species collected will be found in the fifth column
of the Vancouver and Californian table, v. infra, par. 112. The particulars
of station, &c., and all the knowledge which the laborious explorer had col-
lected, are lost to science. It is quite possible that some of the species here
accredited to Puget Sound were obtained in neighbouring localities in the
Straits of De Puca. The specimens are in beautifully fresh condition, and
of most of them the animals were preserved in alcohol. The following are the
shells first brought from the Vancouver district by the American N. W.
Boundary Commission, the diagnoses of new species being (according to
custom) first published in the Proceeding's of the Ac. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia.
No.
1. Zirphcea crispata. Two living specimens of this very characteristic Atlantic sp.
2. Saxicava pholadis. Several living specimens.
3. Sphania ovoidea, n. s. One sp. living.
4. Cryptomya Californica. Several living sp.
5. Thracia curta. One specimen.
G. Mytilimeria Nuttallii. Three sp. living at base of test of Ascidian. [The animal
appeared too peculiar to venture on a dissection. It has been entrusted to
Dr. Alcock, of the Manchester Museum.]
7. Ne&ra pectinata, n. s. One sp. living.
S. Kennerliafilosa, n. s. and n. subg1. Several living specimens.
9. Psammobia rubroradiata. One Afresh specimen of uniform tint.
10. Macoma (?v.) expansa. Adult broken ; young living. Belongs to a group of
forms classed together by some writers under lata or proximo, but the cha-
racters of the hinge and mantle-bend have not yet been sufficiently studied.
11. Macoma yoldiformis, n. s. One valve.
12. Angulus modestus, n. s., but closely allied to the eastern A. tener, Say. Two
sp. living.
126. Angulus (?modestus, var.) obtusus. Several fresh specimens.
13. dementia subdiaphana, n. s. Very rare, living. Intermediate between de-
mentia proper and the prora group of thin Callistee.
14. Psephis Lordi, Baird. Several living sp. from which the subg. was eliminated.
15. Venus Kennei'lyi, Rve. Very rare. One sp. living. Some of the shells called
V. astartoides by Midd. may be the young of this.
16. Petricola carditoides. Several fresh specimens.
17. Astarte (? var.) compacta. One sp. living ; may hereafter be connected with A.
compressa.
18. Serripes Grcenlandicus. Several young living specimens.
19. Lucina tenuisculpta, n. s. Two living specimens, of which one had the surface
disintegrated.
20. Cryptodon serricatus, n. s. One living sp.
21. Kellia Laperousii. A few living specimens.
22. Kellia suborbicularis. A few living specimens.
23. Lasea rubra. One sp. living.
24. Pythina rugifera, n. s. Two living sp. Intermediate between Pytltina and
Kellia.
25. Tellimya tumida, n. s. One sp. living.
26. Modiolaria lavigata. Two living sp.
27. Mo'diolaria marmorata. One sp. living. (A shell in the U. S. E. E. Col.,
though marked "Fiji" in Dr. Gould s MS. list, probably came from Puget
Sound, being thus confirmed.)
28. Nucula tennis. Two sp. living*,
29. Acila castrensis. One sp. living.
30. Leda fossa, Baird. One normal sp. living.
* These species were kindly determined by Mr. Hanley.
88
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 603
No.
31. Leda minuta, Linn. One sp. living*.
32. Yoldia lanceolata, J. Sby. Two sp. living*.
33. Yoldia amygdala. One sp. living*.
34. Haminea hydatis. Two sp. living.
35. 36. Two species of Tectibranchiates, not yet worked-out by Dr. Alcock.
37. Tornatina eximia, Baird. Abundant, living.
38. Cylichna (?var.) attonsa. One living sp. Probably a variety of cylindracea.
39. Dentalium rectius, n. s. Very rare, dead.
40. Acanthopleura scabra. One young living sp.
41. Mopalia Grayii, n. s. One living sp.
42. Mopalia Hindsii. One living sp.
43. Mopalia smuatan. s. Two sp. living. { A well.marked ^ ^ .
44. Mopaha tmporcata, n. s. Two sp. living, j
45. Ischnochiton ( Trachydermori) trifidus, n. s. One living sp.
46. Ischnochiton (Trachydermoti) flectens, n. s. One living sp.
47. Ischnochiton (Trachydermon) retiporosus, n. s. One living sp.
48. Ischnochiton (Lfyidopkurus) Mertcnsii. Rare, living.
49. Lepeta ceecoides, n. s. Three sp. living.
50. Calliostoma varieyatum, n. s. One living sp.
61. Margarita ? Vahlii. Three sp. living, = M. pusilla, Jeffr., teste A. Ad.
516. Margarita (? v.) tenuisculpta. Perhaps a var. of Vahlii, but sculptured. Several
living specimens.
62. Margarita lirulata, n. s. Several living specimens, forming a Darwinian group,
of which var. «. wbelevata, var. j3. obsoleta, and ?var. y. conica might pass
for species from single specimens.
53. Margarita infiata, n. s. Two sp. living.
54. Me?aUa lacteola, ?n. s. Two sp. living, but eroded. May prove a var. of
lactea, but with different sculpture.
54J. Mesalia (?lacteola, var.) subplanata. Two sp. living, but eroded.
55. Lacuna vincta. One fresh specimen.
56. Rissoa compacta, n. s. Not uncommon, living.
57. Drillia incisa, n. s. Two fresh specimens.
08. Drillia cancellata, n. s. One adolescent specimen.
59. Mangelia levidensis, n. s. One fresh specimen.
60. Mangelia angulata\. One fresh specimen.
61. Bela excurvata, n. s. (Like Trevelyana.} One fresh specimen,
62. Chemnitzia (? v.) aurantia\. One fresh specimen.
63. Chemnitzia torquata\. Two fresh specimens.
64. Chemnitzia tridentata^. Two fresh specimens.
65. Eulima micans, n. s. One fresh specimen.
66. Velutina lavigata. Several fine living specimens.
67. Ocinebra interfossa. Rare, dead.
68. Nitidella Gouldift. Two living specimens, proving the genus.
69. Trophon multicostatus. Two fresh specimens.
70. Chrysodomm ?tabulatus, jun. One young sp.
71. Chrysodomus rectirostris, n. s. One living sp.
72; 73. Two species of Cephalopods, not yet affiliated.
Besides adding more than 70 marine species to the Vancouver branch of the
Californian fauna, from specimens in good condition, without a single bal-
last or exotic admixture, the confirmation of many species, which before
rested only on the uncertain testimony of the U. S. E. E. labels, and the
affiliation of others which, on the same testimony, had been wrongly assigned
to distant and erroneous localities, was no slight benefit to science. The
land and freshwater species of the Expedition will be found tabulated, with
others, in the separate lists ; par. 115.
103. While the American, naturalists were thus actively engaged in ex-
f These species were first found by CoL Jewett at Sta, Barbara. Vide p. 537.
89
604 REPORT — 18G3.
ploring the regions south of the political boundary, similar explorations, on
a less extensive scale, were being made under the direction of the British
Government. The naturalist to the British North American Boundary Com-
mission, during the years 1858-1862, was J". K. Lord, Esq., F.Z.S. He made a
very valuable collection of shells in Vancouver Island and British Columbia,
the first series of which was presented to the British Museum. The new
species were described by W. Baird*, Esq., M.D., F.L.S., in a paper com-
municated to the Zool. Soc., and published in its ' Proceedings,' Feb. loth,
1863, pp. 66-70. — Another series of shells, from the same district, was pre-
sented to the Brit. Mus. by the Lords of the Admiralty, collected by Dr. Lyall,
of H. M. Ship * Plumper.' Two new species from this collection were described
by Dr. Baird, in a separate paper, P. Z. 8., Feb. 10th, 1863, p. 71. The new
species from Mr. Lord's collections have been drawn on stone by Sowerby.
The figure-numbers here quoted correspond with the proof-copy kindly fur-
nished by Dr. Baird. — A third series was collected by Dr. Forbes, R.N., in the
same Expedition. After Mr. Cuming had made his own selections, this passed
into the ordinary London market. It contained several species of peculiar
interest. The following are the (supposed) new species of the Survey : —
P.Z.S. Plate I.
Page; No. Fig.
66 1 1. Chrysodomus tabulatus, Baird. One broken specimen, Esquimalt Harb.,
Vancouver Island, Lord. [One perfect shell, Neeah Bay, SwnnJ]
. . 2 2. Vitularia aspera, Bd. Several living specimens, Esquimalt Ilarb.,
Vane. Island, Lord. [Belongs to a group of grooved muricoid Pur-
purids, intermediate between Rhizockeilus and Ceroatoma, for which
the submenus Ocinebra may be reconstituted. These shells are the
rough form of Ocinebra hi-rida, Midd.]
07 3 3. Chemnitzia Jranco>rverensis, Bd. \_-torqnata, Gld.]. Esquimalt Havb.,
Vane. Island, Lord. From the crop of a pintail Duck. [The
artist has failed to represent the peculiar character of the species,
•which is, that the ribs end above the periphery, so that a smooth
belt appears round the spire above the sutures.]
.. 4 4. Amnicola Hindsii, Bd. Seven sp.. River Kootanie East; nine sp.,
Wigwam River, west slope of Rocky Mts., 4626 ft, high, Br. Col.,
Lord. Resembles Palitdma [Fhimimcola]seminalis, Hds.
.. 5 5. Bullina ( Tornatina) eximia, Bd. Esquimalt Harb., V. L, Lord. Alive
in 12 fin. ; dead in Duck's stomach. [Not JBuUina, Add. Gen.]
68 6 6. Succinea Haivkinsii, Bd. Six sp. Lake Osoyoos, Brit. Col., Lord.
7 7. Limnaa Sttmassii^, Bd. Like L. elodes, Say. Plentiful. Sumass
Prairie, Fraser R., Brit. Col., Lord. [Extremely like L. palustris.']
8 8. Physa Lordi, Bd. Plentiful. Lake Osoyoos, British Columbia, Lord.
[Larger than Ph. humerosa, Gld., and with strong columellar fold.]
69 9 9. Ancylus Kootaniensis, Bd. Six sp., River Kootanie East; five sp.,
River Spokane, British Columbia, Lord.
* It is due to the memory of Dr. Kennerley, as well as to the other naturalists con-
nected with the various American surveys, and the officers of the Smiths. Inst., who so
generously entrusted to the writer their unique specimens for comparison with .the
London museums, to state, that (with two exceptions) the new marine species of the
British Survey would have been published long before the appearance of Dr. Baird's
paper, but for the derangement of the U. S. natural-history publications, consequent on
the secession movement. Although the Smithsonian Inst. had offered to present to
the Brit. Mus. their first series of duplicate specimens from these expeditious, which
was exhibited at the Manchester Meeting of. the Brit. Assoc., where this Report was
called for, no notice was given to the writer of the valuable results of the British
survey; and it was only through the private kindness of Drs, Sclater and Buird that
he was prevented from adding to the list of &YUOI vuis, already, alas! so numerous
and perplexing.
f These species are named after places, not after persons, ae would be supposed
by the terminations. q
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 605
P.7.S. Plate II.
P..ge. No. Fig.
69 10 10. Chione Lordi, Bd. From a Duck's stomach. Plentiful. Esquimalt
Hark, V. I., Lord,
,. 11 11. SpJicerium (Cyclas) tumidum, Bd. Plentiful. Sumass Prairie, Fraser
River, British Columbia, Lord.
.. 12 12,13. Sphcerium {Cyclas) Spokanft, Bd. Two sp., River Spokane j two
young sp., Kootanie River, British Columbia, Lord. [Closely re-
lated to tumidum, but more delicate. ]
70 13 14. Lyonsia saxicola, Bd. Holes in rocks in Esquimalt Harb., V. I., Lord.
Japan, teste A. Ad. Closely resembles L. navicula, Ad. and Rve.
[Abundant, and very variable in outline, sometimes like Saxicava
pholadis, sometimes like Mytilimeria. Neeah Bay, SwanJ]
. . 14 15. Crassatella EsquimaUi^, Bd. One sp. Esquimalt Harb., V. L, Lord.
[A true Astarte, with external ligament, with one ant. lat. tooth in
one valve, and one post. lat. tooth in the opposite, well developed.
This character was noticed by J. Sby. in constituting the genus,
but becomes obsolete in the typical species. The same peculiarity
of margin is seen in Crassatella. The external rugae are singularly
irregular, and not always continuous.!
71 15 Leda fossa, Bd. 10-15 fm. j one sp. Esquimalt Harb., V. L, Li) all.
[=£. foveata, Baird, MS., on tablet.]
71 16 Nucida jLyallii, Bd. 8-10 fm. ; one sp. Esquimalt Harb., V. I, Lyall.
Resembles N. divaricata, Hds., N. castrensis, Hds., N. mirabilis,
Ad. and Rve., and especially N. Cobbokhee from the Crag. [In the
early stage, the sculpture has several angles, afterwards only one.
Both Dr. Kennerley's and Dr. Lyall's specimens appear to be =
Acila castrensis, Hds.]
The Vancouver Collections having been deposited in separate drawers,
except the series mounted for the table-cases, permission has been given
(with the kind assistance of Dr. Baird) to examine them minutely, and pre-
pare a revised list of the species. The marine shells will be found in the
sixth column of the general Vancouver and Californian Table. The fol-
lowing require special mention.
No.
17. " Teredo Jimbriata" teste Jeffr. j out of block of wood from Nai-ni-mo Harb.,
V. I., Lord.
Teredo. Shelly tube of large sp. Esquimalt Harb., Lord.
18. Netastoma Darwim'i. Esquimalt Harb., Lord. One adult but injured speci-
men. [For this singular Pholad, with duck-bill prolongations of the valves,
a subgenus of Pholadidea is proposed, as its characters do not accord with
Jouanettia, under which it is placed in the Cumingian Collection.]
19. " Saxicava ruf/osa." Several typical specimens ; Esquimalt Harb., Lord, taken
out of interior of hard stone, into which they appear to have bored.
20. " Callista ?pannosa." Esquimalt Harb.; Lord. One young sp. [=sSaxidomtu
squalidus, jun.]
21. " Tapes riyida" Esquimalt Harb., Lord, common. [An instructive series,
some with very close and fine, others with distant, strong ribs. Some have
ribs large and rounded, approaching the sculpture of Cardia. Some change
suddenly from one form to another. = T. staminea, var. PetitiiJ]
22. u Cardiwn Calif orniense, Desh." 8-15 fm. Vancouver Is., Lyall. [=var
blandum. Tablet contains also young sp. of C. corbis.l
23. uCardita ventricosa, Gld." 8-15 fm. Vane. Is., Lyall. [Not ventricose,
exactly resembles the East Coast specimens of Ten. borealis dredged by Dr.
Stimpson.]
24. "Anodonta cognata, Gld." [=A. Oreaonmsis, Lea.] Lake Osoyoos,Br. Col.
Lord. Twosp. Also Freshwater Lake, Nootka Sound, Lyatt.
,: Anodonta ?Ore(/onensis, jun. Freshwater Lake, Nootka, V. L, Lord; one sp.
25. Anodonta ? Nuttalliana. Freshwater Lake, Nootka, Vane. Is., Lord; one,«p.
Uo. Anodonta Wahlamatensis. Freshwater Lake, Nootka, Vane. Is,; L nlj four ep
91
606 REPORT— 1863.
No
26. Anodonta ? Wahlamatensis, jun. Sumass Prairie, Fraser River, Brit. CoL,
Lord; one specimen.
27. Anodonta angulata. Fort Colville, Columbia R.,Zor^; one specimen [irregu-
lar and much eroded. The hing;e-line is waved and a false " tooth " pro-
duced, in consequence of which it has been named] " Alasmodon"
28. " Pecten rubidm, Hds." Vane. Is., Lyall. [Hinds's type in Br. Mus. appears the
ordinary form, of which P. hastatus= hericeus is the highly sculptured yar.
This shell, which is more allied to Islandicus, may stand as P. Hindsii,~]
29. Hinnites giganteus. Island 3 miles above Cape Mudge, Lyall.
30. Ostrea lurida. Esquimalt Harb., Lord. Dredged-up by Indians in small hand-
nets with long handles, in 2-3 fm., on mud-flats.
31. " Placunanomia cepio, Gray." Esquimalt Harb., Lord. On island rock,
between tide-marks. [=-?• macroschisma, smooth, hollow form.]
32. " Chiton (Plati/semtts) Wossmssenskii, Midd.,= C. Ilindsii, Rve." Esquimalt
Harb., Lord. One very fine specimen. [Quite distinct from Mopalia Hindsii
(Gray) ; differs but slightly from M. muscosa, Gld.]
33. "Chiton ? Icevigatus" Esquimalt Harb., Lord. One specimen. \_=Ischno-
chitonfactens. ]
34. " Chiton dentiens, Gld., ? = marginatus." Esquimalt Harb., Lord. Two spe-
cimens. [ = Ischnochiton psendodentiens. Not congeneric with the British
Leptochiton cinereus=marginatusJ\
35. Acmwa "mitella, Mke." Esquimalt Harb., Lord. [Probably A. pelta, jun.
Not sculptured, as is the tropical species.]
36. " Acmcea ? testudinalis, jun." Esquimalt Harb., Lord. One young sp. [with
extremely close fine striae ; colour in festoons of orange-brown pencilling on
white ground. Might stand well for A. testudinalis, but probably = A.
patina, var. pintadina.~\
37. Margarita " costettata, Sby." Esquimalt Harb., Lord. [ = 3/. pupilla, Gld.]
38. Crepidula lingulata, Gld. Esquimalt Harb., Lord. Three young sp. [Apex
smooth, imbedded, passing into the acukata type. The species probably =
C. dorsata, Brod.]
39. (t Melania silicufa, Gld., ? = rudens, Rve." Attached to weeds and float'ng
sticks in swift stream on prairie, at Nisqually, W. T., Lord. [ mpKeifera,
small var.]
40. Priene Oregonensis. Port Neville, 6 fm., Lyall. [Very fine ; but opercula
probably misplaced.]
41. " Nitidella*" gausapata, Gld. Esquimalt Harb., Lord. [A beautiful series of
highly painted specimens. Operculum Nassoid, not Purpuroid ; therefore
ranks' under Amy da. ]
42. tl Vitidaria lactuca." Vancouver's Island, Lyall. [A fine series of Pur pur a
crispata and vars., among which is a lilac-tinted specimen.]
43. Purpura decemcostata, Vane. Is., Lyall. [ = canaliculata. Operc. as in Ocinebra
lurida.']
44. " Fusus Orpheus " [Bd., not] Gld. Esquimalt Harb., Lord. Five sp., with
crabs. [= Ocinebra interfossa, very fine.]
45. Trophon Orpheus, Gld. Esquimalt Harb., Lord. One fresh specimen.
46. Helix Townsendiana, very fine. Sumass Prairie, Fraser River, Lord.
46A. " Helix Townsendiana, small var." Fort Colville, Columbia R. ; also sum-
mit of Rocky Mts., Lord.
47. Helix fidelis, typical, jun. and adult. Vane. Is., Lord.
476. Helix fidelis. Large but very pale var. Sumass Prairie, Fraser R., Lord*
48. "Helix Thouarsii, jun." Sumass Prairie, Fraser R., Lord.
49. "Helix labiata— Columbiana, var." Vancouver Is., Lord, [closely resembling
H. rufescens'].
50. " Helix vellicata, Fbs." Sumass Prairie, Fraser R., Lord. [= Vancouverensis.]
61. Helix [like rotundatal. Fort Colville, Columbia R., Lord. Two specimens.
52. Zonites [like excavata\. Fort Colville, Columbia R., Lord. One specimen.
53. Zonites [like electrina]. Fort Colville, Columbia R., Lord. Seven specimens.
51. Pupa, sp. ind. jun. Lake Osoyoos, British Columbia, Lord. One specimen.
TGenus~not found before, north of California.]
92
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NO11TII AMERICA. COT
No.
65. " Succinea rusticana, Gld." Sumass Prairie, Eraser B., Lord. [Scarcely to be
distinguished from the European S. putris.~\
06. "Planorbis corpulentus, Say." Lake Osoyoos; Syniakwateen; Marsh, Koo-
tanie East, Brit. Col, Lord.
57. Planorbis ? subcrenatus, var. Snmass Prairie, Brit. Col., Lord.
58. " Limncea stagnalis" typical, fine, and abundant. Lake Osoyoos, Fraser B.,
Lord.
68. Limncea stagnalis^ long narrow spire, mouth swollen, closely fenestrated.
Marshy stream, Syniakwateen, Lord.
CS. "Limncea ?desidiosa, Say." Lake Osoyoos; three sp., Lord. [Exactly le-
sembles a var. of the widely distributed L. cataracta, which was found in
profusion in the Madison Lakes, Wise.]
60. "Limncea ?desidiosa, Say." Syniakwateen, Brit. Col., Lord. One sp. [Very
turrited, whirls swollen; epidermis finely striated. The same species occurs
as " L. megasoma, Say. Lake Osoyoos."]
61. (f Physa heterostropha, Say." Sumass Prairie, Fraser B. A variety from Lake
Osoyoos, Lord.
62. Physa [probably young of Lordi, but with orange band inside labrum.] Koo-
tanie R. East, "Brit. Col., Lord. One sp.
Besides the shells preserved in the National Collection, the following
species were also brought by the Expedition : —
C3. Terebratula wiguiciduSj n. s. Vane. Is., Forbes. One adult specimen, Mus.
Cum. [Extremely interesting as being the only sculptured species known
recent. The young shells from California were naturally affiliated to
Terebratella caput-serpentis by Messrs. Reeve and Ilanley ; but the adult has
the loop similarly incomplete.]
C4. Rhynconella psittacsa. Vane. Is., Forbes. One specimen, Mus. Cum.
C5. Darina declivis, n. s. Vane. Is., Forbes. One specimen. [The only other
species of Darina is from the West Coast of S. America.]
C6. dementia svbdiaphana. Vane. Is., Forbes. One broken sp.
07. Saxidomus brevisiphonatus, n. s. This unique shell is marked "Vancouver
Island " in Mr. Cuming's Collection, and is believed by him to have formed
a part of Dr. Forbes's series. The shape resembles Ccdlista, without lunule.
The mantle-bend is remarkably small for the genus.
68. Melania, n. s., teste Cuming. Vane. Is., Forbes. [Two specimens, with very
fine spiral stria?, sent to Philadelphia for identification.]
C9. Mesalia lacteola. Vane. Is., Forbes. One sp., Mus. Cum.
70. Pteropoda, several species, of which two are new, teste Cuming ; but they may
have been collected on the voyage. Forbes.
The collections made on the British Survey are peculiarly valuable to the
student in consequence of the great perfection of the specimens. They have
generally been obtained alive, and are often the finest known of their kinds.
The occurrence, however, of a specimen of the tropical Orthalicus zebra,
marked " Vancouver's Island," in Mr. Lord's collection*, is a useful lesson.
When such reliable data are thus fonnd possessed of adventitious materials,
it will not be regarded as a slight on the collections of the most careful
naturalists when specimens are regarded as of doubtful geographical accuracy.
In Dr. Lyall's collections there also occur specimens of the well-known Patella
MageUanica and Trophon Magellanicus, duly marked " Vancouver's Island/'
though no doubt collected in the passage round Cape Horn. The naturalists
of the American Expl. Expeditions generally travelled across the continent.
104. The latest exploration undertaken for State purposes is also for our
present object by far the most important, both as relates to the number of
• Mr. Lord writes, " The fact of my having found this shell, alive, on Vancourer
Island is beyond question. How it got "then* I do not pretend to say j it was very pos-
sibly brought by some ship,"
93
608 REPORT— 18C3.
species authentically collected and the thoroughly competent and accurate
manner in which the necessary information is being recorded. It is no longer
left to the great nations bordering on the Atlantic to send exploring expe-
ditions to the Pacific. The State of California, only born in 1850, has so
rapidly attained maturity that when she was barely ten years old she con-
sidered science a necessary part of her political constitution, and organized a
" State Geological Survey," under the direction of Prof. Whitney. To this
survey Dr. J. G. Cooper (whose collections for the Pacific Railway Explora-
tions have already been reported, vide pp. 597-601) was appointed zoologist,
and Mr. \V. M. Gabb (formerly of Philadelphia) paleontologist. The friendly
relations established with both these gentlemen at the Smithsonian Institu-
tion not only put them in possession of the special desiderata on the present
branch of inquiry, but have resulted in unreserved interchange of facts and
opinions, by means of which a large instalment of the malacological results
of the Survey can be embodied in this Report. Dr. Cooper has not only ex-
plored the whole coast and the neighbouring islands from Monterey to San
Diego, but has dredged extensively from shoal-water to 120 fathoms, keeping
accurate lists of all acquisitions from each locality. Having an artist's
pencil as well as a naturalist's eye, he has drawn the animals from life, and
already subjected many of them to dissection. The war has to some extent
suspended the operations of the survey; but it is confidently expected that
the State will do justice to herself by issuing, with suitable illustrations,
the full results of her officers' labours. The first public notice of the mol-
luscs appears in the Proc. Cal. Ac. N.S., Nov. 3rd, 1862, pp. 202-207.
Here Dr. Cooper, speaking of the new species, writes with a modesty which
is not always credited to American naturalists by Europeans, — "As they
may have been collected either by the N.W. Boundary Survey or at Cape
St. Lucas, it has been considered safest, in order to avoid confusion, to send
specimens or drawings of them to [the writer], that he may compare
them with the above collections, and decide whether they are really new."
He gives valid reasons, however, for describing the following soft Mollusca.
Unfortunately for French and German naturalists, the diagnoses are in
English only.
Page.
20'2. Strategic (n. g.) imrmis, n. s. More highly organized than any other genus
of Opisthobranchiata ; creeps slowly among the grasses in the muddy parts
of San Diego Bay, looking like a large caterpillar. Not uncommon.
203. Pletirophyllidia Californica, n. s. Closely resembles P. lineata of S. Europe.
" From the distance of locality there can, however, be no identity of
species." [?] Numerous in Dec., crawling and bun-owing on sandy flats
in San Diego Bay; none in Jan., after the floods. [Dr. Cooper writes that
the body of fresh water was so great in some places as to kill the marine
molluscs for a considerable distance beyond the estuaries, and thus mate-
rially alter the pre-existent fauna.]
204. Doris Monterey ensis, n. s., 6-10 fm., adhering to sandstone. Monterey Bay,
very rare. Small specimens in San Francisco Bay, Frick.
204. Doris (Asteronotus) sanguined, n. s. Under stones in San Diego Bay ; rare.
204. Doris (? Asteronotus) alabastrina, n. s. Under stones in S. Diego Bay. One sp.
204. Doris (? Actinocyclus) Sandiegensis, n. s. Very active among grass on mud-
flats near low- water mark, San Diego Bay ; common before the flood.
205. jEolis (? Flabdlina) opalescens, n. s. Common among grass in San Diego Bay.
205. Atolis (? Phidutna) iodinea, n. s. Among algae on rocks outside San Diego
Bay.
207. Tritonia Palmeri, n. s. San Diego, common " in same localities as the Di-
phyttidia. Named after Mr. Edward Palmer, a zealous naturalist, who
assisted me while at San Diego."
94
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NOETH AMERICA. €09
Dr. Cooper's second paper " On New or Rare Mollusca inhabiting the Coast
of California," in the Proc. Cal. Ac. N. S., Aug. 17, 1863, contains (English)
descriptions of the following species. He observes that " Santa Barbara and
tianta Barbara Island are very different in the groups of animals inhabiting
them, although the island is only thirty-five miles from the mainland.
Catatina Island is twenty-four miles from the mainland, and the molluscs
are very different from both the mainland and the other islands, being the
richest locality on our shores."
Page.
57. Aplysia Calif ornica, Cp. ; for which is constituted a subgemis, Neaplysia ; 15
inches by 5*. Three specimens j San Pedro beach, after storm j stomach full
of algae. Fig. 14.
68. NacarchiWf Cp. Pr. Cal. Ac., Apr. 1863.
„ Navarclms inermis, Cp.,= Strategus i., Cp., anted. Catalina Island, 10 fms.,
in seaweed. 1 specimen.
„ Doris albopunctata, Cp. Santa Barbara, 20 fm., rocky bottom. Catalina
Island, rocks, 1. w.
„ Doris Monterey ensis, Cp. Santa Barbara Island, rocks, 1. w.
„ Doris sanguined, Cp. 4 sp. with the last. " Stellate structure not discovered."
„ Doris Sandiegensisy Cp. 2 sp., with the last. " All these species belong to
Doris, typical."
69. Triopa Catalince^, Cp. 4 sp., on algae among rocks, 1. w. Catalina Island.
„ Dendronotus iris, Cp. Several sp. thrown on beach by storm, Santa Barbara;
1 sp. dredged on seaweed, 28 fm. Verv variable in colour. ? — "Dendrono-
tus, sp.," aid., E. E. Moll.
„ sEolis fiarbarensis, Cp. 1 sp., 16 fm., rocky bottom, Santa Barbara.
CO. Flabettina opaleseens, Cip.,=sEolis o., Cp., antea. "With the last: also shore
of Santa Barbara Island, rare.
„ Phidania iodinca, G]).,=JEolis i., Cp., anted. Santa Barbara, beach, 1 sp.
„ Chiorcera leonina, Gld. 1 sp., in 20 fm. Santa Barbara.
Sept. 7th, 1863. Dr. Cooper described a very interesting new genus of
Pulmonates, only found at the head of one ravine in Santa Barbara Island,
with " myriads of Helix Kellettii [ = #. Tryoni, v. note *, p. 116], and two
other species, probably new." Full particulars of its habits are given. It
has the mantle of Limax, dentition of Heliddce, and shell resembling Daude-
bardia and Homalony.v \_ = 0malonyx, D'Orb.].
62, 63. Binneya notabilis, Cp. 3 living and 18 dead shells. Fig. 15 (five views).
Jan. 18th, 1864. The remaining land-shells of the Survey were described
(with Latin diagnoses) by Dr. Newcomb, in a paper communicated to the
Academy by Dr. Cooper. Specimens of many of them will be found in the
Cumingian Collection.
116. ILlix Tryoni, Newc. Santa Barbara and S. Nicholas Islands, abundant ;
living. " = H. Kellettii, Cp., p. 63."
„ Helix crebristriata, Newc. San Clemente Island ; abundant. " Closely allied
to JFL intercisa, and very variable."
117. Helix rufocincta, Newc. Catalina Island, asstivating under stones; rare.
S. Diego ; 1 dead sp. Outline like H. Pytyonesica : umbilicus open or
nearly closed.
„ Helix Gabbii, Newc. San Clemente Isl. 1 sp., like H. facia.
118. Helix facta, Newc. Santa Barbara Isl., very common • San Nicholas Isl.,
rare. Somewhat like H. Rothi.
„ Helix Whitneyi, Newc. Near Lake Taho, Sierra Nevada, 6100 feet high.
3 sp. under bark, near stream, with H. Breweri and H. chersina. Resembles
H. driatella.
* Molluscs, as well as trees, assume giant proportions in California : e. g. Schizotkcerus
(with siphons) 16 in., Amusium 8 in., Lunatia (crawling) 10 in., Mytilus 9 in., &c.
t Vide note t, p. 604.
1863.
610 REPORT— 1863.
118. Helix Breweri, Newc. Near Lake Talio ; 8 sp. (Also 1 sp. from mountains in
Northern California, Prof. Brewer.) Like H. arborea.
„ Helix Duranti. Newc. Santa Barbara Isl. " Like Planorbis albus=hirsutus.
Gld."
Dr. Newcomb also identified the following species in the State Collection : —
119. Helix arrosa, Gld. Common near mouth of S. Francisco Bay.
„ Helix arrosa, yellow var. Santa Cruz, Rowell.
„ Helix ? Calif omiensis, Lea, or fNickliniana, Lea; var., Cooler.
„ Helix Carpenteri, Newc. Broken dead shell, head of S. Joaquin Valley, Galb.
„ Helix Columbiana, Lea. Near S. Francisco.
„ Helix chersina, Say. Very large, near Lake Taho, Cooper.
„ Helix Thouarsii, Desh. Pt. Cypress, Monterey, Cooper.
„ Helix exarata, Pfr. Mt. Diablo, Brewer ; Santa Cruz, Rowell.
„ Helix fidelis, Gray. Humboidt Bay and mountains, lat. 42°, Brewer. Black
var., Fnck.
„ Helix infumata, Gld. Near Ballenas Bay, Rowell.
„ Helix Kelkttii, Fbs. S. Diego, Catalina Isl., fine var., Cooper.
„ Helix loricata, Gld. Near Oakland, Newcomb.
„ Helix Newberryana, Bin. Temescal Mountains, near Los Angeles, Brewer.
„ Helix Nickliniana, Lea. Common near S. Francisco Bay, Cooper.
>y Helix sportella, Gld. Near S. Francisco Bay, Cooper.
„ Helix Mormonum, Pfr. San Joaquin Valley, Gabb ; north to Mt. Shasta,
Brewer.
„ Helix Traskii, Newc. Mountains near Santa Barbara, Brewer. May be = 12.
Thouarsii, var.
„ Helix tudiculata, Bin. Near S. Diego and S. Pedro, Cooper.
„ Helix Vancouver ensis, Lea. De Fuca, Gabb : perhaps extends south to Ilum-
• boldtBay.
Dr. Palmer sent a valuable consignment of shells collected by him between
San Diego and S. Pedro to the Smithsonian Institution. Dr. Cooper obtained
permission to send the first series of duplicates, duly numbered, for identi-
fication, to the Smithsonian Institution. This invaluable series was lost in
the "Golden Gate/' The gold was recovered, and much of it stolen ; the far
more precious shells remain, unnaturally located, in their native element —
a puzzle, perhaps, to palaeontologists in some coming age. Other series, though
not so complete, have since been received in safety; and through the libe-
rality of the Californian Survey and of the Smithsonian Institution, as well as
through the energy and kindness of Dr. Cooper, they are already being dis-
tributed to the Cumingian Collection, the British Museum, the museums at
Cambridge, Mass., Philadelphia, Albany, Montreal, &c., as well as to the col-
lections of working naturalists. The stations being now discovered, it is to be
hoped that in a few years Californian shells will cease to be objects of great
rarity in this country. At the request of Dr. Cooper, in order that he might
proceed with other departments of his labours, all the new species which have
been seen in England have been described in conjunction with those from
other sources. On those which are only known here by the beautiful drawings
sent by the collector, it would be unsafe and premature to impose a name.
The diagnoses are being published in the Proc. Cal. Ac. N. S., and should be
accredited to the zealous zoologist of the Survey, rather than to the mere
artist-in- words who endeavours to represent their forms to the reader. It
will be understood that the lists now to be presented, though corrected to the
date of going to press, are still incomplete; and that the information has been
96
ON MOLLUSCA OP THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 611
compiled from Dr. Cooper's letters received at different times, without oppor-
tunity for his revision. Should errors, however, have escaped detection, they
will, no doubt, be corrected, and omissions supplied, in the forthcoming Re-
ports of the Survey. The species either new to science, or now first found in
the Calif ornian branch of the fauna, are as follows : —
No.
1. Defrancia intricata. S. Diego, on Phasianella compta, &c. Maz. Cat., no. 13.
2. Terebratula unguiculus. Monterey to S. Diego : young shells in 6-20 fin. :
not rare.
3. Terebratella ?caurina. Catalina Is., 80 fin. ; living; rare.
4. Waldheimia Grayi. Catalina Is., 120 fin.
5. Zirphcea crispata. Fragments from S. Diego appear (very unexpectedly) to
belong to this northern species.
6. Corbula luteola, n.s. S. Pedro — S. Diego ; common near shore.
7. Necera pectinata. Santa Barb., Cat. Is., 40-60 fm. (Puget Sd., Kennerley).
8. Kennerlia bicarinata, n.s. Cat. Is., 40-60 fm. ; rare^
9. Entodesma inflata, Conr., = diaphana, Cpr. Near S. Diego ; 1 valve (Palmer),
10. Plectodon scaber, n.g. and n.s. Cat. Is. j 2 similar valves, 40-60 fm.
11. Macoma inquinata. S. Francisco j rare.
12. Macoma yoldiformis. S. Diego. (Puget Sound, Kennerley.)
13. Macoma indentata, n.s. S. Diego.
14. Angidus variegatus, n.s. Mont., Cat. Is., 20-60 fin. ; rare. (Neeah Bay, Swan.)
15. Arcopagia lamellata. S. Diego. =Maz. Cat., no. 58.
16. (Edalia ( Cooperella) scintilla formis, n. subg., n.s. S. Diego. Santa Barbara Is.
17. Semele rupium. Catalina Is. ; not rare. (Also Galapagos.)
18. Semele pulchra. S. Diego. (Also Cape St. Lucas, Acapulco.)
19. Semele incongrua, n.s. Catalina Is., 40-60 fin. ; common.
20. Psepnis salmonea, n.s. S. Diego, Cat. Is., 30-40 fin. j rare.
21. Psephis Lordi. Cat. Is., 20-40 fm. ; common. (Puget Sound, Kennerley.)
22. ?Astarte ftuctuata, n.s. Cat. Is. j 2 similar valves ; 40 fin. (Very like the Crag
fossil, A. omaria, jun. ; but Dr. Cooper considers it a Crassatella.)
23. Venericardia borealis. Cat. Is., 120 fm. The typical, flat New England form.
The small swollen var.,= V. ventricosa, Gld!, is also found at Cat. Is., in
30-40 fm.
24. Miodon prolongatus. (Neeah Bay, Swan.) Identified from tracing- only.
25. Trapezium. One extremely young sp.= Maz. Cat., no. 120 (not like T. Du-
perryi). S. Diego.
26. Chama ?spinosa. S. Diego. (One young valve sent.)
27. Cardium (?modestum, var.) centifilosum. Cat. Is., 30-40 fm. [The differences
between this and the Eastern Pacific shell are probably only varietal.]
28. Hemicardium Uangidatum. Cat. Is., living in 10-20 fm. (Also Acapulco,
Panama.)
29. Liocardium elatum. S. Diego ; very large (Maz. Cat., no. 124).
30. Lucina tenuisculpta. S. Diego, living in 4fm. (Also Puget Sound, Kennerley.)
Var., dead in 120 fm., Cat. Is. (approaching L. Mazatlanica, Maz. Cat.,
no. 144).
31. Lucina borealis. Cat. Island, 120 fin. " =Z. acutelirata, Conr., foss. E. E."
[Exactly agrees with British examples.]
32. Cryptodonflexuosus. Cat. Is., 120 fm. Ditto.
33. Kellia suborbicidaris. S. Diego ; Cat. Is., 30-40 fm. Ditto.
34. Kellia (var.) Cliironii. S. Diego. (Also Neeah Bay, Swan.)
35. Lasea rubra. Cat. Is., shore (typical).
36. Leptoh meroeum, n.s. S. Diego.
37. Tellimya tumida. S. Diego. (Also Puget Sound, Kennerley.)
38. Pristes oblongus, n.g., n.s. S. Diego.
39. Crenella decusmta. Cat. Is., 10-40 fm. j not rare. (The ordinary British, not
the New England form.)
40. Barbatia gradata. S. Diego ; Maz. Cat., no. 104.
41. Axinaia intermedia. Monterey — S. Diego, Cat. Is., 40-60 fm. [Scarcely differs
from the South American shell. It is the A. Barbarensis, Conr., of Pac. R.
R. fossils, teste Cooper."}
7 97
612 REPORT — 18G3.
4± Acila casti-enns. Cat. Is., 40-60 fm. (Also Puget Sound, Kennerley.)
43. Leda cuneata, teste Hani. Mont. — S. Diego ; Cat. Is., 10-60 fm.
44. Leda hamata, n.s. Santa Barbara ; Cat. Is., 20-60 fm. ; common.
45. Verticordia ornata, D'Orb. Santa Barbara j Cat. Is., 20-40 fm. [Exactly ac-
cords with the Japanese species, novemcostata, teste A. Adams.]
46. Bri/ophila setosa. (Cape St. Lucas, Xantus.) Identified from tracing, no. 980.
47. Lima oriental-is (in Mus. Cum., = dehiscens, Conr., teste Cooper). Mont. — San
Diego ; Cat. Is., beach to 20 fm. ; common.
48. Limatida subauriculata. 40-120 fm., Cat. Is. ; not rare : 1 valve in 4 fm., San
Diego. [Exactly agrees with British specimens.]
49. Janira dentata. Monterey, S. Diego, beach to 20 fm. (Also Cape St. Lucas,
50. Cavolina telemus. Cat. Is. ; dead in 30-60 fm. (Also Vancouver, Lyall.)
61. Tornatina carinata. S. Diego. (Also Mazatlan, Reu/en.)
62. Pedipes liratm. S. Diego. (Also Cape St. Lucas, Xantus.)
63. Dentalium (var.) I-ndianorum. Mont. — Cat. Is., 20 fm. ; common. [Probably
a striated var. of pretiosum, which Sowerby doubtfully, and Dr. Baird con-
fidently, affiliate to D. entale.~\
54. Dentalium semipolitum. S. Diego. (Also La Paz.)
55. Dentalium hexagonum. S. Diego. (Also W. Mexico.)
56. Acanihochites avicula, n.s. Cat. Is., 8-20 fin. j rare.
67. Acanthnpleurajluxa, n.s. Cat. Is.
68. Ischnochiton veredentiens, n.s. Cat. Is., 10-20 fm.
69. Ischnochiton (Lepidopleurus) pectinatus, n.s. Cat. Is., beach.
60. Ischnochiton (Lepidopleurus) scabricostatus, n.s. Cat. Is., 8-20 fm.
61. Ischnochiton (Trachydermon) pseudodentiens. S.Diego. (Also Puget Sound,
Kennerley.)
62. Ischnochiton (Trachydermon) gothtcus, n.s. Cat. Is., 8-20 fm.
63. Leptochiton nexus, n.s. Cat. Is., 20-80 fm.
64. Nacella (?paleacea, var.) triangularis. Monterey.
65. ? Nacella subspiralis. Cat. Is., 10-20 fm. [May be the young of the long-lost
Patella calyptra, Mart. ; unless that be a broken Crepidula atiunca.~\
66. Scurria (? var.) funicidala. Monterey ; rare.
67. Puncturella cucullata. Monterey. (Also Puget Sound, U. S. E. E.)
68. Puncturella Cooperi, n.s. Cat. Is., 30-120 fm. j not rare.
69. ?Imperator serratus, ??n.s. Monterey; Cat. Is., 10-20 fin. [Dr. Cooper thinks
this shell probably the young of Pomaulax^]
70. ?Leptonyx bacula, n.s. Cat. Is., beach, dead.
71. Gibbula optabilis, n.s. S. Diego.
72. Calliostoma supragranosum, n.s. S. Diego.
73. Calliostoma gemmulatum, n.s. S. Diego.
74. Calliostoma splendens, n.s. Mont. ; Cat. Is., 6-40 fm.
75. Margarita (?var.) salmonea. Mont. ; Cat. Is., 6-40 fm. [Intermediate be-
tween undulata and papilla.']
76. Margarita acuticostata. Mont. ; Cat. Is., 8-20 fm. [Fossil, Santa Barbara,
Jewett.]
77. Solariella peramabilis, ?n.s. Cat. Is., 40-120 fm. ; living. [Difiers but slightly
from 8. aspecta, Japan, A. Ad.~]
; 78. Ethalia supravallata, n.s., and ?var. invattata. S. Diego.
79. Liotia fenestrata, n.s. Cat. Is., beach to 40 fm. ; dead.
80. Liotia acuticostata, n.s. Mont. ; Cat. Is., 10-20 fm.
81. Crepidula excavata, var. jun. Santa Barbara Island.
82. Galerus contortus, n.s. Mont. — S. Diego, 20-40 fm.
83. Jlipponyx serratus. Santa Barbara Island ; 1 sp. Maz. Cat., no. 840.
84. Ctecum crebricinctum, n.s. Mont. — S. Diego ; Cat. Is., 8-20 fm.
85. Cescum Cooperi, n.s. S. Diego. [Two fine species of the Anellum
group.]
86. Turritella Cooperi, ?n.s. S. Diego j Cat. Is. ; common. [May prove identical
with one of Conrad's imperfectly described fossils in P. R. E. E.]
87. Mesalia tenuisctdpta, n.s. S. Diego j shoal water.
98
ON MOLLTTSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 613
Ko.
88. Bittium armittatum. S. Diego. [Fossil, Santa Barbara, Jeivett."]
89. Bittium asperum. S. Diego ; Cat. Is., teach to 40 fm. [Fossil, Santa Barbara.
Jeivett.~]
90. Isapis fenestrata, n.s. S. Diego. (Also Neeah Bay, Swan.)
91. Isapis obtusa, n.s. Mont. — S. Diego j Cat. Is., 10-20 fm.
92. Rissoina interfossa, n.s. Mont. ; Cat. Is., 8-10 fm.
93. Rissoa acutehrata, n.s. S. Diego *.
94. Fenella pupoidea, n.s. Mont., 20 fm. ; rare.
i 95. ?Amphithalamus lacunatus, n.s. S. Diego. 1 immature specimen.
96. Diala acuta, n.s. Mont. ; Cat. Is., beach to 10 fin.
97. Diala marmorea, n.s. Monterey, S. Diego j very rare.
98. Styliferina turrita, n.s. S. Diego.
99. Jeffreysia translucens, n.s. S. Diego.
100. Cythna albida, n.s. S. Diego.
101. Trivia Solandri. Santa Barbara and St. Nicholas Is. ; common.
102. Obeliscus ?variegatus. S. Diego. (Also La Paz; Cape St. Lucas.)
103. Chrysallida pumila, n.s. S. Diego ; Cat. Is.
104. Chrysallida cincta, n.s. Sta. Barbara Is. j very rare.
105. Chemnitzia chocolata, n.s. S. Diego.
106. Chemnitzia (?tenuicula, var.) subcuspidata. S. Diego.
107. Eulima micans, n.s. S. Diego. Cat. Is., 30-40 fin. (Also Puget Sound,
Kennerley.)
108. Eulima compacta, ?n.s. S. Diego. [ i Dr. Cooper has not decided whether
109. Eulima rutila, ?n.s. Monterey, j j these be distinct species.
110. Scalaria bettastriata, n.s. Monterey.
111. Scalaria subcoronata, n.s. Monterey.
112. Scalaria crcbricostata, n.s. Monterey, S. Diego.
113. Scalaria ?Cumingii. S. Diego.
114. Scalaria ?Indianorum, var. S. Diego. [Probably conspecific with the Van-
couver shells.]
115. Opalia borealis. Farallones Is. (Also Neeah Bay, Swan.)
116. Opalia spongiosa, n.s. Monterey.
117. Opalia retiporosa, n.s. Cat. Is.,' rare and dead in 40 fm.
118. Cerithiopsis columna, n.s. Monterey.
119. Cerithiopsis assimilata. Cat. Is. = Maz. Cat., no. 563.
120. Triforis ?adversa. Cat. Is., 10-40 fm., very rare. [The specimens sent can-
not be distinguished from the Herm shells.]
121. Priene Oreaonensis. "Comes south to Monterey/'
122. Nassa insculpta} n.s. Cat. Is., living in 40 fm., rare.
123. Amycla undata, n.s. Cat. Is., not rare in 40 fin.
124. Amycla chrysalloidea, n.s. S. Diego, shoal water.
125. Anachis suUurrita, n.s. S. Diego.
126. Trophon triangulatus, Pn.s. Cat. Is., 60 fm. [Resembles the young oi?
Murtx centrifugusJ]
127. Argonauta argo. " Hundreds on beach at Sta. Cruz Is."
128. Octopus punctatus, Gabb. San Clemente Is.
129. Onychoteuthis fusiformisy Gabb. San Clemente Is.
130. Ommastrephes gic/anteus, D'Orb. San Clemente Is.
131. Ommastrephes Ayresii, Gabb. San Clemente Is. "Hundreds on the beach.'1'
Besides the above, several species are now satisfactorily assigned to the fauna,
the evidence for which was before considered doubtful. Such are —
132. Waldheimia Calif orniccij Koch [non a,uct.,=globosa, Patagonia]. 120 fm.
Catalina Is.
133. Clidiophora punctata. S. Diego to Sta. Cruz ; valves common, but rare living.
134. 135. Standella Calif ornica, planulata, et ?nasuta. Conrad's types being lost,
and his species imperfectly described from very young specimens, a difficulty
* Most of the minute shells from S. Diego, quoted without station, were found in the
ehell-washings of the consignments from Dr. Cooper and Dr. Palmer.
99
614 IIEPORT— 1863.
B»
attends their identification. Dr. Cooper found very large valves (resembBriff
Schizothcerits) in abundance, but much deformed by the entrance of sand, and
apparently killed by the fresh waters of the great flood. The large shells
belong to two very distinct species, which are probably those of Conrad ;
among the small shells is perhaps a third, which may be Dr. Gould's sup-
pressed nasitta.
136. Raeta undulata. This remarkable reverse of the Atlantic R. canaliculata is
also confirmed by rare valves from the S. Diegan district. It is not con-
generic with Harvella elegans, to which it bears but a slight external resem-
blance.
137. lapes tenerrima. Large dead valves of this very distinct species were found
with the Standellce, and confirm Col. Jewett's young shells described as from
Panama.
138. Pecten paucicostatus. Sta. Barbara Is. [Described from Col. Jewett's valves.]
139. Bulla Quoyii. S. Diego. Maz. Cat. no. 226.
140. Tnmcatella Californica. S. Diego.
141. Acmfea rosacea. Monterey to S. Diego. This shell is named pileolus, Midd.,
in Mus. Cuming, but does not agree with the diagnosis. It can hardly be
distinguished from Herm specimens of A. virginea. It was first brought by
Col. Jewett, but referred to Panama.
142. Ampliithalamus inclusus. S. Diego. [Several specimens of this minute but
remarkable new genus confirm a solitary shell in Col. Jewett's mixed
collections.]
143. Myurella simplex. Very variable in sculpture, as befits the species which
forms the northern limit of a group common between the tropics. Col.
Jewett's shell was in poor condition, and supposed to be the young of a
Gulf species.
144. Voharina varia. S. Diego, Cat. Is. [Sta. Barbara, Jewett ; also C. S. Lucas.]
145. Nassa Coopcri, Fbs. S. Diego, Cat. Is. [This Kellettian shell has a double
right to its name, now that Dr. Cooper has ascertained its habitat.]
The information on station, &c., which Dr. Cooper has sent with regard to
previously known species, will be found incorporated in the general table of
the fauna. The following notes, extracted from his letters, are too valuable
to be omitted : —
Haliotis Cahforniensis. " This form is so rare that I think it only a var. of
Cracherodii"
Haliotis. Several specimens from the Farallones present characters inter-
mediate between corrugata, rufescens, and Kamtschatkana. It is not yet
ascertained whether they are hybrids or a distinct species.
" Livona picoides I have not found, though I have seen fresh ones from Pt.
Conception."
" ?Serpulorbis squamigerus. Common south of Pt. Conception; has no
operculum." [The young begins like V. artettum, Mb'rch.]
Macron lividm. Point Loma, S. Pedro, common ; extends northwards to the
Farallones. [ = Planaxis niaritella, Newcomb, MB.; non auct.]
tl Olivella semistriata, Gray, fide Newc., is a species found N. of Monterey onlv."
[As Dr. Gray's species is from Panama, that of Newcomb is probably
O bcetica.']
"Nassa interstriata, Conr., foss. (?= N. paupera, Gld.) ; resembles N. fossata,
Gld. (=J3. ekgans, Rve.*), but distinct. Common south from Sta. Barbara."
[Probably —N. perpinguis, Hds. N. paupera is quite distinct, = N. striata,
C. B. Ad., teste Cuming.]
t{ Fissurella wolacea I have seen from Catalina Is." [Esch.'s shell is generally
considered S. American. ? May Dr. Cooper's be a form of volcano. .]
Acmcea. With regard to limpets and other variable shells, Dr. C. writes :—
a From my examination of large numbers of specimens, I am more and
more compelled to believe that hybrids are very frequent between allied
* 2iassa elegan* was first published, by J. Sowerby, in the Min. Conch. 1824.
100
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 615
species, and that the comparatively few links that are met-with in large
series of two forms should not be allowed to unite them, hut be considered
as hybrids."
Lunatia Lewisii. Abundant on beach. [One sp. measures 5f in., and the
animal of a much smaller one (4 in.) is 11 inches long.]
Ostrea. " The same species throughout to S. Franc. : S. Diego," Cooper. [Be-
sides the typical northern shell, O. lurida, are well-marked Pvars. laticaudataj
rufoides, and expansa.~]
There are also several species which are quoted in Dr. Cooper's letters, or
appear from his sketches to be quite distinct, or at least new to the fauna :
but they have not yet been sent for identification. Among these the following
are the most important. The MS. numbers refer to the tracings which Dr.
Cooper kindly copied from his original drawings. Where a " — " appears,
the information is derived from his letters only.
MS. No.
402. Allied to ?Thracia.
— Cyathodonta, probably plicata, Desh. (Cape St. Lucas, Xantus).
6200. Figure accords exactly with Venus toreuma, Gld. Catalina Is., beach.
1058. Figure accords with Lioconcha hieroqtyphica. Catalina Is., 120 fin.
1060. Resembles Sunapta. Catalina Is., 40 fin.
676. Resembles Crassatella Pacifica.
874. Lucina.
983. Nucula, with concentric sculpture. Sta. Barbara, 15 fm.
— Yoldia. One fresh valve of a large and remarkable species, 2-6 by 1-2 in,,
with fine concentric sculpture, very inequilateral. Sta. Cruz ; on beach.
751a. ?Ianthina.
1077, 1078. Chitonidee. Two highly sculptured species. Sta. Barbara, 12 fm.
— ?Gadinia. Cat. Is., Cooper; Farallone, Is., Rowdl. "The animal differs in
having pectinated flattened tentacles. It may be the type of a new o-enus
Rowellia."
466. Emarginula. [The first appearance of the genus on the W. American coast.]
415«5. Glyphis.
354«. Like Haplocochleas. Sta. Barbara, 15 fin.
564. Like Pyrgola. 40 fm.
— Trivia sanguined. Dredged dead in Cat. Is.
— Trivia. " Thinner and larger than sanguinea. Common in Lower Cal." [?=s
Pacifica.'}
— " Terebra specillata" One sp. near S. Pedro.
— Pleurotomidce. Several species are represented only by single specimens.
Among them are
588. Drillia.
1021. Drillia, 2 in. long, shaped like Mitra. One worn sp. Catalina Is.. 120 fin,
1020. Drillia, reversed. Catalina Is., 60 fm., living.
479rt. Clathuretta (large). Sta. Barb.. 20 fm.
663. Clathuretta, 15 fm., Sta. Barb.
1852. ?Clathurella, 40 fm.
1053. ?Daphnella,6()fm.
419, 426. Two species of shells resembling Daphnella.
1055. ?£ela, 80 fm.
423a. Mangelia, 15 fm., Sta. Barb.
3976. Shape of Cithara, without ribs. Catalina Is., beach.
1028. "?Aclis," reversed. One sp., Cat. Is., 120 fm. [The figure more resembles
a young Vermetid. J
463. " Cancdlaria ? Tritonice, Sby. Agrees with Dr. Newcomb's specimen." g.
Diego, one dead on beach, 2£ in. long.
817. Cancdlaria. Fragment of a second species equally large.
1038. Sigaretus. 40 fm., dead, Cat. Is.
1050. Lamellaria. 10 fm., Sta. Barbara.
(385a; 464, 818.) Naticida. 3 sp.
101
616 REPORT— 1863.
676. Possibly a scaly var. of Monoceros engonatum ; like the Purpura, var. inibri*
cata, of Europe, but of different colour and texture ; ^ — spiratum, Blainv.
1001. Figure resembles Vexittafuscolincata, Pse. Sandwich Is.
« Aassa, smooth, with thick lip." Cat. Is., 30 fin. [Comp. insculpta."]
— ? Macron Kellettn. Cat. Is., dead, in 60 fin.
— Chrysodomus Habulatus. Cat. Is., 120 fin., young, dead.
— Fusus, " like geniculus, Conr." Farallones Is.
411. Trophon, like multicostatus.
6156. Muricidea. Cat. Is., 40 fm. [The young shells called Trophon, TypJiis,
&c., by Dr. Cooper can scarcely be identified without a series, and from
tracings only.]
515rf. ?Typhis. Sta.lBarb., 15 fm.
520. Pteronotus centrifugus, jun. S. Pedro ; rare on beach.
3846. Muricidea, like alveata. Mont.— S. Diego.
956. ?Siphonalia. Monterey, Sta. Barb., beach.
In Prof. Whitney's Preliminary Report on the Survey, Proc. Cal. Ac. p. 27,
3Iay 4th, 1863, he states approximately as the result of Dr. Cooper's mala-
cological labours, up to the close of 1862 : —
No. of species in the collection 335
Of which are new to California, and believed to be undescribed 123
Other supposed Californian species not yet collected 65
In a Survey conducted with such care, even negative evidence is of some
importance, though not conclusive. Dr. Cooper has not been able to obtain
the following species : —
Discina Evansii.
Strigilla carnaria. [Mr. Nuttall's specimens were probably Atlantic.]
Venus dispar.
Trapezium Califomicum. [ — Duperryi,— Gumiacum.~\
Lucina bella. [Perhaps —pectinata, Cpr. ; but the type seems lost.]
Modiola miens. [Probably an error in the Cumingian label.]
Mytilus glomeratus, u = edtdis, var." [Perhaps an accidental var. from being
crowded on a floating stick.]
Earbatia pernoides. [Very probably an error in Dr. Gould's label.]
Area multicostata. " Must have been brought to S. Diego."
Pecten purpuratus. [Ascribed to the fauna from abundant valves marked
" Cal." in the U. S. E. E. collections, but certainly from S. America. Dr.
Cooper has unfortunately not been able to discover any of the species
described by Hds.]
Radius variabilis. " Doubtless exotic."
Polinices perspicua. " Probably Mexican."
Eanetta triquetra. " Probably Mexican." [Guaymas.]
105. Having now presented to the student an analysis of all that is yet
known of the results of public surveys, it remains that we tabulate what has
been accomplished by private enterprise. Mr. J. Xantus, a Hungarian gen-
tleman in the employ of the United States Coast Survey under the able
direction of Professor Bache, was stationed for eighteen months, ending July
1861, at Cape St. Lucas, the southern point of the peninsula of California.
It is a source of great benefit to natural science that the Secretary of the
Smithsonian Institution is also one of the acting members of the Coast Survey
Board ; and that a harmony of operations has always existed between the
directors of these two scientific agencies in Washington. The publications
of the Coast Survey have earned for themselves a reputation not surpassed by
those of the oldest and wealthiest maritime nations. For obtaining data on
geographical distribution, Cape St. Lucas was a peculiarly valuable station,
being situated near the supposed meeting-point of the two faunas (v. B.A.
102
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 617
Rep. p. 350); and also, not being a place of trade, or even an inhabited district,
likely to be free from human importations, although we should be prepared
to find dead exotics thrown on its shores both by northern and by tropical
currents. In his solitary and what would otherwise have been monotonous
life,. Mr* Xantus found full employment in assiduously collecting specimens
in all available departments of natural history ; having received ample in-
structions, and the needful apparatus, from the Smithsonian Institution.
The bulk of the shells at first received from him were worn beach speci-
mens ; but afterwards several species were preserved, with the animals, in
alcohol. Mr. Xantus generously presented the^first series of the molluscs to the
Smithsonian Museum, reserving the second for his native land. The first
available duplicates of the shells not occurring in the Reigen collection will
be found in the British Museum or in the Cumingian cabinets*. Although the
whole series would have found little favour in the eyes of a London dealer or
a drawing-room collector, it proved a very interesting commentary on the
Reigen and Adams Catalogues : it added about sixty new forms to the accu-
rately located species of the marine fauna, besides confirming many others,
which rested previously on doubtful evidence ; and disproved the intermixture
of northern species, which, from the map alone, had before been considered
probable.
The collection is not only essentially tropical, but contains a larger propor-
tion of Central American and Panama species than are found in the Reigea
Catalogue. This may partly be due to the accidents of station, and partly to
this projecting southern peninsula striking the equatorial currents. It must
also be remembered that the Reigen Catalogue embraces only the Liverpool
division of his collection ; and that many more species may have existed in.
that portion of the Havre series which did not find its way to the London
markets. Mr. Xantus also obtained individuals of identical species from
Margarita Island, and a series containing living specimens of Purpura piano-
spira (only thrown up dead on the promontory), from Socorro Island, one of
the Revilla-gigedo group. A very few specimens of Haliotis and of Pacific
shells may have been given to him by sailors or residents : they were not
distinguished from his own series in opening the packages. The collection is
not yet complete. In consequence of the French occupation of Mexico, it
was with difficulty that Mr. Xantus himself " ran the blockade" at Manza-
nello ; and he was compelled to leave there thirty-one boxes of shells, alco-
holics, &c., subject to the risks of war.
The Polyzoa were placed in the hands of Mr. G. Busk for examination,
and the alcoholics were intrusted to Dr. Alcock, the Curator of the Manches-
ter Natural History Society. Neither of these gentlemen have as yet been
* During the period that Mr. Xantus was out of employment, owing to the derange-
ments of the war, a portion of the duplicates were offered for sale, and will be found in
some of the principal collections.
103
S18 REPORT— 1863.
able to report concerning them. The first notice of the shells appeals in the
Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia, Dec. 1859, pp. 331, 332. The new species
are described in the * Annals and Magazine of Nat. Hist./ 1864, vois. xiii. and
xiv., as follows : —
A.N.H. Vol. XIII.
Sp. Page.
1. 311. Asthenotharus villosior, n.g. 1 living sp. and fragm.
2. „ Sokmya valwdus. 1 living sp.
3. „ Tellina (Peron&oderma) ochracea. 1 sp.
4. 312. Psammobia (? Amphichcena) regularis. Valves.
5. „ Callista poUicaris. 1 sp., living (= C. prora, var., teste Eve., C. I. f. 45).
6. „ Callista (?pannosa, var.) pitella. Extremely abundant, living. Also
Acapulco, Jeicett. (Very variable, yet always differing from the
typical South American shells.)
7. 313. Liocardium apicinum. Extremely abundant, living. Also La Paz j Aca-
pulco, Jeivett.
8. „ Lucina lingualis. Extremely abundant, valves.
9. „ ? Crenella inflata. Valves ; very rare. (An aberrant form.) Also Panama,
as. Ad.
10. 314. Bryophila setosa, n.g. Abundant ; living among sea- weed, on Purpura
planospira. Also California, Cooper.
11. „ ?Atys casta. Rare : allied to Cylichna.
12. „ Ischnochiton parallelus. Rare ; living.
13. „ Ischnochiton (?var.) prasinatus. 1 living sp. Possibly a form of paral-
lel™.
14. 315. Ischnochiton serratus. 1 living sp., like Eknensis.
15. 474. Nacetta peltoides, = Nacella, sp. ind., Maz. Cat., no. 262.
16. „ AcmcBa (?var.) atrata. Intermediate between P. discors, Phil., and P,
floccata, Rve. Also La Paz, Margarita Bay.
17. „ Acm&a strigillata. Intermediate in characters and station between
A, patina and A. mesokuca. Also Margarita Bay.
18. 475. Glyphis saturnalis. Not uncommon ; living.
19. „ Eitcosmia variegata. (Probably a subgenus of Fhasiauella.) Rare, dead.
20. „ Eucosmia (?variegata, var.) substriata. Very rare.
21. ,, Eucosmia punctata. 1 sp.
22. 476. Eucosmia cyclostoma. 1 sp.
23. „ Hapkcochliascyclophoreus,ii.g. (PRelated to Ethalia. ) Very rare, dead.
24. „ Narica aperta. 1 sp.
25. ,, Fossarus parcipictus. 3 sp.
2^>. 477. Fossarm purus. 1 sp.
27. „ Litorina puUata,= Litorina, sp. ind., Maz. Cat., no. 399. Abundant.
28. „ Litorina (Philippii, var.) penicittata. Like the W. Indian L. (ziczac, var.)
lineata. Abundant.
29. „ Rissoa albolirata. 1 sp.
30. „ Fenella crystattina. 1 sp.
31. 478. ?Hydrobia compacta. May be a JBarleeia. 1 sp.
32. „ Hyala rotundata. 1 sp.
33. „ ?I)iala ekctrina. 1 sp.
34. „ Acirsa [teste A. Ad.] menesthoides. 1 sp.
35. „ Cythna asteriaphila. Imbedded in a star-fish, like Stylina. 1 living sp.
36. „ Bittium nitens. 1 sp.
Vol. XIV.
37. 45 Mangelia mbdiaphana. 1 sp.
od. 46 Drillia appressa. 1 sp.
SO. „ Cithara fusconotata. very rare.
40. „ Obeliscus variegatus. 2 worn sp. Described from a fresh Guaymas
shell, Mus. Cal. Ac.
41. „ (Odostomid) Evalea aquisculpta. 1 sp.
42. 47. (Odostomia) Evaka delicatnla. lap.
43. ,, Chrysallida angusta. 1 sp.
104
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST (>V NORTH AMERICA.
610
A. K H. Vol. XIV.
Sp. Page.
44. 47. Eulima fuscostrigata. 1 sp.
45. „ Opalia crenatoides. 1 perfect and a few rubbed specimens. This, and
the Santa Barbara fossil, O. ?var. iwctdpta, are so close to the Por-
tuguese O. crenata, that additional specimens may connect them.
46. „ Truncaria eurytoides. Common; rubbed. Also Guacomayo, in the
Smithsonian Museum.
47. 48. Sistrum (?ochrostoma, var.) rufonotatum \ connected with type by a few
intermediate specimens. Rare ; dead.
48. „ ?Nitidella milkpunctata. Also Guacomayo, Mus. Smiths. Very rare, dead.
49. „ Nitidella densilineata. Very rare ; dead.
50. „ ?Anachis tincta. 1 sp.
51. 49. Anachts fuscostrigata, 1 sp.
52. „ Pisania elata. A few worn specimens ; like Peristernia, without plait.
The following table contains the species previously described, with the ad-
dition of the other localities in which they are known to occur. The numbers
in the first column are those in Prof. C. B. Adams's Panama Catalogue : a
P in the same column signifies that the species has been found at Panama
by other collectors. The second column contains the shells of La Paz, col-
lected by Major Eich and others, and are marked by an italic P. In the
third column, A shows that the shell has been found at Acapulco, on good
authority ; and C, that it is known at other stations on the Central American
coast. The fourth column exhibits the corresponding numbers of the species
in the B. M. Reigen Catalogue; and G shows that the shell has been found
in the Gulf district by other collectors. In the fifth column, Cal. stands
for Upper, and L for Lower California ; Marg. for Margarita Bay, Gal. for
the Galapagos, E for Ecuador and the tropical shores of S. America, and WI
for the West Indies. The sixth column continues the numbering of the
species from the list in the ' Annals.'
Pan.
Cat.
La
Paz.
Aca-
pul.
Maz.
Cat
Other
habitats.
No.
List of Cape St. Lucas Shells.
517
A
14
E
53
Discina Cumingii. On Margaritiphora.
P
22
E
54
Gastrochcena ovata. In Spondylus.
A
23
Marg.
55
Saxicava pholadis. In Spondylus.
56
JEucharis, sp. ind. 1 dead valve, resembling W.
Indian species.
P
35
57
Sphcenia fragilis. In Spondylus,
G
58
Tkracia squamosa. 1 broken pair.
P
L
59
Thracia (Cyatliodonta) phcata ("PsstfrwwcaMt,
Migh."). 1 sp., jun.
P
G
60
Lyomia inftata. 1 sp.
36
E
61
Lyonsia picta. 1 valve.
463
P
C
55
62
Tellina Cumingii. 1 pair.
469
A
E
63
Tettina rubescens [ = Hanleyi]. Smashed valre.
472
64
Strigilla smcera. 1 valve.
A
67
65
Strigilla lenticula. Valves.
P
66
Lutricola viridotincta. 2 valves.
485
41
67
Semele bicolor. Valves.
G
Marg.
68
Semele Californica, var. Valves.
40
L
69
Semele flavescens. Rare.
480
473
P
A
A
43
E
WI
70
71
Cumingia trigonularis, jun. In Spondylus.
Heterodonax bimaculatus. Abundant ; normal, and
numerous vars.
105
620
BEPORT— 1863.
Pan.
Cat.
La |Aca-
Paz.j pul.
Maz.
Cat
Other
habitats.
No.
List of Cape St. Luca» Shell?.
A
756
(Mar.)
72
Donax, var. ceelatus. Valves.
76
73
Donax ?Cotiradi, jun.
456
C
77
L
74
Donax ?navicula, jun.
493
P
C
80
75
Mulinia angidata. Valves.
P
79
WI
76
Standella fragilis. 1 sp. living, and numerous
adult valves.
446
P
C
83
E
77
Trigona radiata, jun.
78
Trigona nitidula, Sby. Several living; sp. agree
exactly with Sby.'s figure. [Perhaps Lam.'s
Mediterranean shell is different.]
448
C
90
E
79
Dosinia Durikeri. Rare.
P
88
KMar.
80
Dosinia ponder osa. Several pairs [jun. = distorts].
444
A
92
81
CaUista aurantia.
447
P
A
93
E.Mar.
82
Callista chioncea.
C
96
Marg.
83
CaUista vidnerata. Living, and dead valves.
98
E
84
Callista (?var.) alternate. 1 living.
L
85
Amiatitis callosa. Rare, living [= C. wo6i7*s,Rve.].
P
G
L.Mar.
86
Chione mccincte. Very rare.
P
C
E
87
Chione pulicaria, var. Ulacina. Valves, abundant.
P
A
E
88
Chione neglecta. Living and valves.
106
886
Chione undatcUa -\-\QI. bilineata, Rve. (pars). Very
rare. [Probablv = ncalecta, var.]
435
P
C
113
E
89
A-iomalocardia subimbriccta. Valves.
111
90
Tapes squamosa. 1 sp.
P
A
24
E
91
Petricola robusta. In Spondylus.
27
92
Rupellaria linguafelis.
117
E
93
Crassatella varians. Living. Large and abundant.
492
C
E
94
CrassateUa oibbosa. Valves.
P
118
95
Lazaria Californica. Very rare.
C
96
Venencardia crassa. 1 valve.
405
C
1216
97
Chama Buddiana, jun. On syenitic rock.
407
A
121
E
98
Chama echinata, Brod. Living, from Socorro Is.
P
C
121
Marg.
986
Chama frotidosa, var.
123
L
99
Chama ?exof/yra. Worn valves.
P
A
122
Gal.
100
Chama spinosa. 1 sp.
433
P
A
C
125
E
E.Mar.
101
102
Cardium consors. Valves. (Very fine at Acapulco.)
Cardium procerum. Valves.
4:34
126
E
103
Cardium senticosum. Valves.
P
P
A
L
104
Hemicardium biangulatum. Valves.
P
C
136
WI
105
Codakia tigerrina. Living, very large, and young
valves. ' [Of the Pacific Is. type.]
P
P
P
A
137
147
Pac.Is.
E
106
107
Codakia ?punctata, jun.
Lucina eburnea. Living, rare.
P
A
140
108
lAicina excavata, 1 valve.
145
109
Lucina prolongata. Valves.
143
110
Lncina cancellaris. Valve.
C
G
111
112
113
Diplodonta subquadrata. 1 sp.
])iplodonta calculus. Several living sp.
Miltha Childreni. [A few fresh specimens correct
the habitat " Brazil," previously assigned to this
extremely rare and remarkable shell, which ap-
pears to be a gigantic Felania.~\
P
A
153
114
Kellia suborbicularis. In Spondylus,
A
154
115
Lasea nibra. 6 sp. living.
?
C
167
116
Mytilns palliopunctatw. Fragment.
P
P
A
168
117
Mytilus multiformis. Abundant.
P
169
118
Septifer Cumingianus. Common.
106
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
621
Pan. La
Cat. jPa*.
Aca-
pul.
Mass.
Cat.
Other
habitats.
No. List of Cape St. Lucas Shells.
P
A
170
L.Mar.
119 Modiola capax. A few living sp. " Gal." [?].
A
172
Gal.
120 Crenella coarctata. In Spondylus.
P
A
176
121 Lithophagus aristatus. In Spondylus.
P
A
175
122 Lithophagus plumula. In Spondylus.
P
C
181
123 Area midticostata. Adult valves, and jun. living.
P
C
189
E
124 Byssoarca Pacifica. Hare.
418
A
WO
E
125 Byssoarca mutabilis. Valve.
420
P
E
126 Barbatia Reeviana. Valves.
192
127 Barbatia vespertilio. Valves.
424
C
193
128 JBarbatia illota. Valve.
423
P
195
E
129 Barbatia solida. Eare.
416
A
194
E.Mar.
130 Barbatia gradata. Valve.
P
G
131 Axincea gigantea. Large valves, and jun. living.
696
132 Axincea, sp. ind.
201
E
133 Pinna lanceolata. Fragment.
395
200
134 Pinna maura. 1 sp., jun.
P
P
A
202
135 Pinna rugosa. 1 sp., Jun.
391
P
C
204
136 Margaritiphorajimbriata. Living.
E
137 Avicida Peruviana. Valves.
393
P
A
205
138 Isognomon Chemnitzianus. Common, living.
206
139 Isognomon Janus. 4 sp. living. [One has closej
ligament-pits, passing into costellatus, just as no.
138, var. passes into incisus.~\
P
A
G
E
140 Pecten subnodosus. Several valves, and 1 living.
[P. intermedia is only a var. of this species.]
387
P
A
207
E.Mar.
141 Pecten ventricosus. Valves. [The young is P.
circularis^ Sby., pars.]
P
G
142 Janira dentata. ~\ ery plentiful.
P
143 Lima tetrica. 1 living, and valves [=Z. squamosa,
teste Cuming. W. I., Mediter., Pac. Is.].
390
Gal.
144 Lima arcuata. 1 fresh pair. [Can hardly be separa-
ted from L.fragilis, Gal., Pac. Is., in Mus. Cum.]
385
208
145 Spondylus calcifer. Valves. Bed var., and speci-
386
381
C
A
210
211
men changing into purple.
146 Plicatula penicillata. 1 sp. on Fasciolaria.
147 Ostrea iridescens. A few living.
383
P
212
Marg.
148 Ostrea ? Virginica, jun.
213
E
149 Ostrea Columbiensis. Valves.
384
P
215
Marg.
150 Ostrea amara. On Pomaulax.
Oal.
] 51 Cavolina Helemus. Fragment. (Pelagic.)
1 ^>^ \
156 ( [Nudibranchs and Aplysia. Not yet determined.
321
P
A
224
E
157 Bulla Adamsi, and var. Common.
225
L
158 Bulla nebulosa. Rare.
A
226
L.Gal.
159 Bulla Quoyi. Very rare.
L
160 Haminea vesicula. Plentiful, living.
229
?L
161 Haminea cymbiformis. 1 sp. [Closely related to
H. virescens.~]
i
240
Marg.
162 Siphonaria <equilirata. Dead. [ful.
P
A
239
163 Siphonaria lecanium, with var. palmata} &c. Plenti-
104 Onchidium Carpenteri. Very rare.
235
L.Cal.
165 Melampus olivaceus. Rare.
166- 1 [The rest of the Pulmonates will be tabulated
172 f afterwards, vide p. 630.]
243
173 lanthina decollata. Very rare.
L
174 Ischnochiton Mar/dalensis. Large and highly sculp-
tured. Very rare.
107
62?
REPORT— 1863.
Pan.
Cat.
La
Paz.
Aca
puL
Ma/.
Cat.
Other
habitats
No.
List of Cape St. Lucas Shells.
c
252
E
175
Ischnochiton limaciformis. 2 specimens.
256
176
Ischnochiton Beanii. 1 sp.
258
177
Acanthochites arragonites. A few living sp.
c
261
178
Patella discors. Dead.
A
260
179
Patella pediculus. Dead.
264
Marg.
180
Acmcea fascicidaris. Abundant, living.
268
181
Acmcea mitella, jun.
P
A
273
Gal.
182
Fissurellaruyosa,]\m. [A var. is first black, with
two white rays ; afterwards changes to whitish.]
357
C
183
Fissurella microtrcma. Common. [Passes into
ruyosa.']
274
184
Fisswella nigrocincta. 1 young sp.
P
A
279
E
185
Gli/ phis menqualis. Rare.
281
186
Rimula Mazatlanica. 2 sp.
L. Cal.
187
Haliotis Cracherodii. (Turtle Bay.)
L. Cal.
188
Haliotis splendens. (Margarita Island, with 4, 5.
and 6 holes.)
L
189
Callopoma Fokkesii. Dead.
L. Cal.
i:0
Pomaidax undosus. Fresh, with Gulf Polyzoa.
P
C
286
191
Uvanilla olivacea. Dead.
A
288
192
Uvanilla unguis. Dead.
289
Marg.
193
Calliostoma eximium. Dead.
274
P
194
Omphalius coronulatus. Dead ; not uncommon.
263
295
195
Vitrinella Panamensis. 1 sp. oft* Spondylus.
304
P
A
326
Marg.
196
Nerita scabricosta. Abundant.
305
P
C
327
E.Mar.
197
Nerita Bernhardi. Abundant.
336
P
A
343
E.Mar.
198
Crucibulum imbricatum. Dead.
337
P
A
344
E.Mar.
199
Crucibidum spinosum. Dead.
344
P
A
334
E. Cal.
200
Crepidula aculeata. Dead. West and East Indies .
P
A
E.Mar.
201
Crepidula ? arenata, jun. *
345
A
337
C.Mar.
202
Crepidula excavata, jun. et var.*
346
P
340
E.Mar.
203
Crepidula onyx. Dead.
328
327
P
A
A
347
349
E
204
205
Hipponyx antiquatus. Dead.
Hipponyx barbatus. Pacific Is. Fresh sp.
329
P
A
350
Gal.
206
Hipponyx Grayanus. Rare.
323
P
A
352
207
Aletes cmtiquadrus. On Marf/aritiphora, &c.
355
208
Bivonia contorta. Frequent, on shells.
A
359
209
Petaloconchus macrophragma. Frequent, on shells.
P
L
210
Spiroglyphus lituella. On Purpura planospira and
muricata, from Socorro Is.
367
211
Caecum subimpresstim. Very rare.
P
A
380
212
Turritella tiyrina et var. Cumingii.
P
213
Turritella sanguinea. (Whirls not shouldered.)
193
P
A
381
Gal.
214
Certthium maculosum and dwarf var., like medio-
Iceve. Abundant.
196
P
A
383
215
Certthium uncinatum. Common ; dead.
200
P
A
387
G.Mar.
216
Certthium stercus miiscarum. Rare ; dead.
P
A
388
Gal.
217
Cerithium interruptum, Mke. Common.
197
P
A
389
Marg.
218
Rhinoclavis gemmata. Rare.
Marg.
219
Pyrazus incisus. Rare.
?206
395
PE.M*.
220
Cerithidea Mazatlanica. Dead.
* A difficulty attends the identification of young specimens of these rare species, no
series having yet been obtained. " C. excavata, var.," in Mus. Cum. is exactly interme-
diate between the two. The young of excavata has a large swelling umbo projecting beyond
the margin ; the umbo in "?var." has the margin spreading round it, as in onyxy jun.,
and in consequence appears turned in the contrary direction. The umbilicus above the
deck exists in both forms ; but it is not an absolutely constant character, e?eu in aduncct.
108
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
623
Pan. | La Aca
cat. raz.i pal.
Maz.
Cat.
Other
habitats.
No.
List of Cape St. Lucas Shells.
•232
G
397
Marg.
221
Litorina aspera. Very rare.
234
P
C
396
222
Litorina conspersa. Common. A distorted specimen
lias a Lacunoid chink : another a Nassoid shape.
P
273
P
398
401
E
286
223
Litorina Philippii. Rare : v. antea, var. penicillata.
Modulus catemilatus, jun.
244
224
Rissoina fir mata. Rare.
245
225
Rissoina fortis. Very rare.
A
408
226
Rissoina stricta. Rare.
243
227
Rissoina clandestine. Dead.
247
228
Rissoina infrequens. Dead, -worn.
246
414
229
Alvania tumida. 1 sp., off Spoudylus.
C
417
L
230
Barleeia subtenuis. 1 sp.
411
231
Barleeia lirata. 1 sp.
422
232
Gemella, sp. 1 sp.
420
L
233
Jeffrey sia Alderi. 1 sp.
419
234
Jeffreysia Ufasciata. Very rare.
425
235
Alaba supralirata. Not uncommon.
427
236
Alaba terebralis. 1 dead, broken specimen.
A
424
237
Planaxis nigritella. Dead ; some of the specimens
may be a dwarf form of
42
2376
Planaxis ? planicostata.
4
435
?L
238
Radius variabilis. 1 sp.
6
P
A
438
E
239
Aricia arabicula. Very rare.
8
P
C
E
240
Aricia punctulata. Very rare.
P
241
Luponia Sowerbyi. 1 living and several worn.
P
242
Luponia albuginosa. Dead ; plentiful.
[ Cyprcea tigris and Pteroceras lambis ; doubtless
received through traders.]
9
P
A
439
243
Trivia pustulata. Dead.
10
P
P
P
A
A
440
441
Gal. E.
244
245
Trivia radians ; intermediate specimens towards
Trivia Solandri. Dead.
,
P
A
Gal.
246
Trivia Pacifica. 1 sp.
12
P
A
442
E
247
Trivia sanguinea. Dead.
A
248
Erato Maugerice. [Exactly like the W. Indian
13
A
GulfE
249
specimens : also Crag fossil, teste S. Wood.]
Erato scabriuscida. Rare.
122
124
P
C
A
447
448
Gal. E
250
251
Strombus galeatus, jun. 1 sp.
Strombus granulatus. Abundant; dead.
123
P
P
C
449
E
252
253
Strombus gracilior. 1 dead specimen.
Subula strigata. 2 dead specimens.
C
454
E
254
Subula ? luctuosa, jun.
P
A
A
455
456
E
255
256
Euryta fulgurata. Dead.
Euryta aciculata. Dead.
C
257
Terebra lingualis. 1 sp.
P
G
258
Myurella variegata. very rare.
450
259
Myurella albocincta. 1 dead specimen.
452
260
Myurella subnodosa. 1 dead specimen.
P
C
457
261
Pleurotoma funiculata. Rare; dead.
163
461
E
262
Drillia aterrima. Rare ; and var. Melchersi.
465
263
Drillia albovallosa. 1 sp., dead.
467
E
264
Drillia luctuosa. 1 sp., dead.
P
265
Drillia maura, Val. Fragment.
A
266
Daphnella casta. 1 sp. [Coarser striae than W. I.
species, but scarcelv differs from crebriplicata.
A
267
Rve., "Philippines."]
Cithara stromboides 1 sp. [Probably=£n'face«,
Kien.]
109
C24.
REPORT — 1803.
Pan.
Cat
La
Paz.
Aca-
pul.
M:iz.
cat.
Other
habitats.
No.
List of Cape St. Lucas Shells.
117
P
A
E
268
Comts prtnccps. Dead.
113
P
A
Gal. E
269
Conns MAMMfttA Dead.
118
P
A
476
270
Conns purpurascens and var. regalitalis. Dead.
114
P
A
480
271
Conus gladiator. Dead.
116
P
A
481
Gal.
272
Conus nux et var. pusillm [Gld. non Chem.].
Living; plentiful.
118
C
G
273
C<mm scalaris. 1 sp., dead.
P
P
E
274
Conus tornatus. Rare, dead.
270
P
A
275
Solarium granulatum, and ?var. quadriceps. Com-
mon.
L
276
Odostomia ?straminea. 1 sp.
489
277
Syrnola lamettata. 1 sp., off Spondylus.
254
501
278
Oscilla exarata—terebellum. 1 sp.
223
227
507
518
279
280
Ch rysallida communii. 1 sp. , off Spondylus.
Chemnitzia Panamemis. Very rare.
519
281
Chemnitzia Adamsi. 1 sp., off Spondylm.
524
532
282
283
Chemnitzia prolong ata. 1 sp., off Spondylus.
Chemnitzia Jlavescens. 1 sp., off Spondylus.
194
207
A
563
557
L
L
284
285
Cerithiopsis assimilata. 1 sp.,off Spondylus.
Cerithiopsis tuberculoides. 1 sp.
208
0
391
286
Triforis alternatus. 1 sp., off Spondylus.
P
287
Scalaria ? tiara. 1 sp.
295
P
A
570
Gal.
288
Natica maroccana. Com. W. Afr. ; ? Pacific Is.
P
P
A
289
Natica zonaria. Common. Operc. grooved as in
canrena [—alapapilionis, var., teste Eve. : non
Chem.].
A
290
Natica catenata. Common.
302
P
A
576
E
291
Polinices ttber. Common. [The young shells go
through all shapes, from globose to pointed.
Operc. thin, light green, horny.]
P
A
G
Gal.
292
Polinices otis et var. fusca. Rare j dead.
P
G
Marg.
293
Polinices bifasciata. Living; rare.
P
A
G
E*
294
Neverita glauca. 1 sp.
577
295
Lamellaria, sp. ind. 1 sp.
146
A
579
296
Ficula ventricosa. Not uncommon. Animal pre-
served of both sexes, and of surpassing beauty.
66
C
G
E.Mar.
297
Malea ringens. 1 dead sp. [Fossil, Atlantic shores,
Newben-y.']
112
P
A
G
Gal.
298
Oniscia tubercidosa. Very rare.
111
P
A
G
Gal.
299
Levenia coarctata. Very rare.
110
P
C
300
Bezoardica abbrcviata. 1 living, with very small
normal operculum. Common ; dead. [Varies
greatly in form and sculpture, like the Texan
" analogue," which may be conspecific.]
131
C
301
Triton vestitus. Isp. [Scarcely differs from pilearisJ]
132
302
Ranella ca>lata. 1 sp., dead.
L
303
Ranella Californica. Very rare. Grows 4 inches
long.
151
A
582
Gal.
304
Latirus ceratus. 2 dead sp.
P
584
E
305
Fasciolaria princeps. 2 dead sp.
18
A
306
Mitra crenata, Rve., teste Dohrn. lap. [?=nu-
cleola.~\
19
307
Mitra solitaria, C. B. Ad. 1 sp.
20
586
Gal.E
308
Strigatella tristis. Rare.
A
G
E
309
AZiieta harpa. 1 sp.
P
589
310
Volutetta margaritula. Off Spondylus ; common.
14
587
311
Mar ginella minor. OS Spondylus; rare.
110
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
625
Pan.
Cat.
La Aca-
Paz.i pul.
Maz.
Cat.
Other
habitats.
No.
List of Cape St. Lucas Shells.
A
312
Volvarina varia. Rare. [Cannot be distinguished
A
?WI
313
314
from some W. I. specimens.]
Persicula imbricata. 1 sp. [Can scarcely be sepa-
rated from interrupta, jun. Also Guacomayo.]
Persicula phrygia. Rare. [Closely allied to fru-
mentum. Differs from the W. I. sagittata by
having the painting in loops instead of zigzag,
and an orange callosity over the sunken spire,
bordered by a spotted sutural line.]
36
P
G
Marg.
315
Oliva porphyria. 1 sp.
?33
P
A
591
316
Oliva Melchersi, var. Rare.
P
?592
Marg.
317
Oliva subangulata. Very common, dead. [This
species, very rare elsewhere, is known by the
shouldered shape, toothed paries, and violet-
stained mouth and columella.J
P
600
318
Olivella dama. Rare ; dead.
P
C
596
319
Olivella tergina. Rare ; dead.
39
A
595
320
Olivella undatella. 3 sp. ; dead.
C
601
321
Olivella zonalis. Rare ; dead.
598
?WI
322
Olivella v. aureocincta. 3 sp. ; dead.
A
597
E
323
Olivella anazora. Very rare ; dead. Perhaps a var. of
34
P
A
324
Olivella gracilis. Extremely abundant. [With
many varieties : among which is one with dark
median and sutural bands and light spire ; an-
other with dark spire ; another pure white, of
which the young is inconspicua, C. B. Ad. The
Acapulcan varieties are somewhat different.]
A
G
325
Harpa crenata. Dead.
76
P
A
606
E.Mar.
326
Purpura biserialis. Abundant.
P
A
607
327
Purpura trisenalis. Common.
69
P
A
608
Gal.
328
Purpura triangularis. Not uncommon.
P
A
603
G.Mar.
329
Purpura patula. Common. Also West Indies.
P
P
C
605
E
330
Purpura muricata. Rare j dead at C. S. L. ; living
at Socorro Island.
P
Gal.
331
Purpura planospira. Dead shells at C. S. L. and
La Paz ; abundant and fine at Socorro Island.
74
107
A
611
Gal.
332
333
Rhizocheilus m&r+tall var. [= Calif ornicus.~j
Sistrum carbonarium. Living ; plentiful.
89
P
A
613
WI
334
Nitidella cribraria. Abundant.
94
A
615
E
335
Columbella major. Rare.
86
P
A
617
E
336
Columbella fuscata. Abundant.
A
337
Columbella f estiva. Not rare.
90
P
Gal.
338
Columbella h&mastoma. Not rare.
E
339
Columbella solidula. Abundant *.
A
E
340
Columella Reevei [= Sta. Barbarensis, Cpr. (error)].
E
341
Columella baccata. Rare.
P
342
Conella cedonulli. 1 sp.
P
624
L.Mar.
343
Nassa tegida. Rare ; pale var.
55
C
632
344
Nassa versicolor. Rare ; dead.
^ 45
P
A
345
Nassa corpidenta. Very rare.
* The young shell is thin, semitransparent, with Alaboid tuberous vertex. The nuclear
partis rather more tumid than the next whirl, and set slanting as in some Chrysodomi.
Adolescent, whirls smooth, except a sutural line. Sculpture of adult gradually developed,
with spiral lines, sometimes all over, sometimes only anteriorly and posteriorly. Last
whirl sometimes with blunt radiating riblets, but generally smooth. Siphonal notch deeply
cut back, as in Strombina, to which the species may belong.
1863.
626
REPORT — 1863.
Pan.
Cat,
La
Paz.
Aca-
pul.
Maz.
Cat.
Other
habitats.
No.
— i
List of Cape St. Lucas Shells.
P
Gal.
346
Fusus Thouarsii [-{-Novce-JIollandice, Rve.]. Rare j
dead.
P
639
E
347
Siphonalia pallida. Very rare.
109
Gal.
348
Engina Reeviana. 1 sp.
P
A
Gal.
349
Engina wocostoma. 1 sp.
P
C
647
350
Anachis coronata. Very rare.
652
E
351
Anachis tatniata [= Ga*koinei]. Very rare.
99
352
Anachis pidchrior. Very rare.
G
353
Anachis tpallida, Phil. Very rare.
98
E
354
Anachis ?parva, var. Dead shells : may be pyy-
mfca, rar.
650
355
Anachis serrata, A few perfect specimens.
(100
)
A
(651
) (E)
356
Anachis pygmcea (var. auriflua). Rare.
P
C
657
357
Strombina macidosa. Very rare.
87
E
358
Strombina gillenda. Very rare.
64
P
A
662
359
Pisania sang-uinolenta. Dwarf var. ; common.
60
A
360
Pisania litgiibris. Rare; dead.
P
C
664
361
Murex plicatiis. Rare ; dead.
140
P
A
665
362
Murex recurvirostris. 1 spv dead.
P
A
669
363
Phyllmotus bicolor. Rare.
136
P
P
A
A
671
673
364
365
Phyllonotus princeps. Rare ; dead.
Muricidea ditbia. Rare ; dead.
366
Argonauta argo. 1 large sp. of the ?var. papyracea.
Pelagic.
367
Octoptis, sp. Pelagic.
As would be expected, the bulk of these species (203 out of 367) are the
same as have been already enumerated in the Reigen Catalogue. Of thoso
which do not appear in the Mazatlan lists, no fewer than 37 appear in the
Panama collections (beside 10 others, known to inhabit the equatorial region).
Of those not quoted from Mazatlan, 34 are also found in the Acapulco
region, and 30 at La Paz. Of the whole number, 79 have also been found
in South America, and 28 in the Galapagos. 38 have also been found in
Margarita Bay, of which Pijrazus incisus and Siplionaria cequilirata are Lower
Californian rather than Gulf species ; but only 13 belong to that portion of
the Lower Californian fauna which is known to reach S. Diego, exclusive of
the same number of Gulf species, which also stray into the S. Diegan district.
There are also 10 species, which (with more or less distinctness) represent
"West Indian forms. Of these, five, viz. Heterodonax bimaculatus, Erato
Mauyerice, Volvarina varia, Persicula imbricata and plirygia, are new to the
Gulf fauna : the other five appear in the Reigen Catalogue.
106. The most extensive collections in the Vancouver district, both as far
as the number of species and of specimens is concerned, have been made for
the Smithsonian Institution by Mr. J. G. Swan, teacher at the Indian Reserve,
Neeah Bay, "W. T. For several years * valuable consignments have been
received from him of shells collected at Cape Flattery, Port Townsend, and
other stations. Latterly he has trained the native children to pick up shore-
shells in large quantities. The labour of sorting and arranging these has
been enormous; it has, however, been repaid not only by observing the
* In consequence of boxes having been received at different times, through the accidents
of transit, it has not always been possible to ascertain with certainty to whom, among
simultaneous collectors, should be allowed priority in the discovery of new species.
112
OX MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 627
variations of form in large numbers of individuals, but by the discovery of
several new species and the addition to the district-fauna of many others.
The duplicates are made-up in series for distribution by the Smithsonian
Institution ; and, though of the worst quality from a " collector's " point of
view, they will be found very serviceable by real students, being carefully
lamed in accordance with this Eeport. He has now received a dredge, con-
structed for him by Dr. Stimpson; and if he succeeds in training the young
Indians to use it, there is little doubt that a rich harvest of fresh materials
will shortly be obtained. Some of the collections were made on the neigh-
bouring shores of Vancouver's Island, among which vvas a large series of
Pachypoma gibberosum, Chem., with attached Bivonia, Doth of an essentially
Eastern Pacific type, the former having been brought from Japan by Mr. A.
Adams. The Indians have taken a fancy to the opercula of this shell for the
purpose of ornamenting their canoes. As it is an article of trade among
themselves, it is remarkable that so large a shell should have so long escaped
the notice of collectors. Dead specimens have been washed-up in California;
but it is not known even to enter the Straits of De Puca alive. The shore-
pickings of the Indian children, which have already added 25 species to
science, are singularly free from ballast-importations, although they present
a few (supposed) extra-limital shells, probably washed-up by the ocean
currents. The following are the species new to the Vancouver fauna ; the
remainder will be found tabulated in the 7th column of the general Table,
par. 112, infra.
No.
1. Waldheimia Coreanica, valves.
2. Xylntrya pennatifera, teste Jeffr.
8. Clidiophora punctata, one worn valve.
4. Macoma ? edentula. Two living shells may be the young of this species, or an
extreme var. of inquinata.
5. Mara salmonea. Plentiful.
6. Angulus variegatus. Rare.
7. Semele rubrolineata. One large valve may belong to this species, or (moro
probably) be distinct and new.
8. Standella ? Californica. One young- valve.
9. Miodonprolongatus,K. subg., n.s. "Several valves of this curious shell, inter-
mediate between Litcina and Venericardia, accord with forms not before
eliminated, from the Coralline Crag and Inferior Oolite.
10. Lazaria siibquadrata. One valve.
11. Diplodonta orbella. Very large valves.
12. Kellia (var.) Chironii. A few valves.
13. Adula stylina. Plentiful.
14. Axinaa (? septentrionalis, var.) subobsokta. Numerous valves.
15. Siphonaria Thersites, n. s. Rare, dead. Like tristensis and other Cape Horn au:l
N. Zealand types. The genus was not known north of Margarita Bay.
16. Mopalia (Kennerleyi, var.) Sioannii. One sp. and valves.
17. Ischnochiton (Trachyderm&ti) Nuttallii* One sp.
18. Haliotis Kamtschatkana. Rare.
19. Pachypoma gibberosum, Chem. Living ; plentiful.
20. Leptonyx sanguinem, Linn. Very plentiful. (Japan, A. Ad. \ — Homalapeuw
sanguineum, antea p. 588 (nom. preoc.) ; Mediterranean, Philippi.}
21. Chlorostoma funebrale (et var. subapertum. One sp.).
22. Cattiostoma canaliculatum. Living ; abundant.
23. Margarita cidaris, n. s. One fresh specimen, with aspect of Turcica*
24. Margarita Jielicma. Very rare.
25. Gibbida parcipicta. One sp.
2(>. Gibbula succincta, n. s. Rare.
27. Gibbida lacunata, n. s. One sp.
8 113
628 REPORT— 1863.
No.
28. Gtblntla ftmiculata, n. s. Very rare.
29. Ripponyx cranioides, n. s. Plentiful.
oO. Bii'onid compacta, 11. s. Frequent on PacJiypoma-, externally resembles
loconchm macrophragma.
31. Sittium (?var.) esuriens. Common, dead.
32. Lacuna porrecta, n. s. Plentiful, with intermediate Pvars. excequata and
effusa.
33. Lacuna (?soltdtda, var.) compacta. Rare.
34. Lacuna variegata, n. s. Not common j resembles the Japanese i. decorata.
35. Isapis fenestrata, n. s. Very rare.
3(J. Almnia reticulata, n. s. Very rare.
37. Alvania fiLosa,) n. s. One specimen.
38. ?Assiminea subrotundata, n. s. One specimen.
39. ? Paludinella, sp. One specimen.
40. Mangdia crebricostata, n. s. Very rare.
41. Mangdia interfossa, n. s. Several dead specimens.
42. Mangdia tabulata, n. s. Several dead specimens.
43. Daphndla effusa, n. s. One broken specimen.
44. Odostomia satura, n. s. and ?var. Gouldii. Very rare.
45. Odostomia nuciformis, n. s. and ?var. avellana. Very rare.
40. Odostomia inflata. Very rare.
47. Odostomia tenutscidpta, n. s. Very rare.
48. Scalaria Indianorum, n. s. Bare.
49. Opalia borealis. Very common. This fine species, indicated by Dr. Gld. fE«
E. Mol., p. 307) under Scalaria australis, closely resembles O. Ochotensia,
Midd. It is not referred to in the ( Otia/ and the locality was naturally
suspected.
50. Cerithiopsis munita, n. s. Rare.
51. Cerithiopsis columna. Very rare.
52. Cerithiopsis tubcrculata. ) Rare. No differences have been detected on comparing
53. Triforis adversa. \ the Herm and Neeah Bay specimens.
54. Trichotropis inermis. A few specimens differ from the decorticated T. cancel-
lota, and agree with Hinds's diagnosis.
55. CanceUaria modesta, n. s. One sp. and fragment.
56. Velutina prolongata, n. s. Very rare.
57. Olivetta biplicata. Very fine and abundant.
58. Pwrpura (v&r,)fuscata. Forbes's species, the locality of which was before un-
certain, is here connected by easy transitions with the normal saxicola.
59. Colwnbdla (var.) ?Hindsii. Maybe a stunted form of A. yausapata.
60. Amycla tuberosa. Rare,
61. Chrysodomw tabidatus. One beautiftilly perfect specimen; described and
figured from Mr. Lord's broken shell, sent simultaneously.
The following appear to be due to currents : —
62. Pachydesma crassatelloides. Fragment.
63. Fissurella volcano. One broken specimen.
107. A collection of shells received from the Farallones Islands by Mr. R.
D. Darbishire, of Manchester, soon after the publication of the first Report,
contained several species at that time new to science, but in too imperfect a
condition for description. Among them were —
ifaartesia intercalata, Maz. Cat., no. 19. Burrowing in Haliotis n/fescens.
Odostomia inflata, n. s. Young shells, abundant, in Haliotis ntfesceru.
Ocitiebra lurida.
Ocinebra interfossa, n. s.
Collections from the same locality were afterwards sent by the Rev. J.
Rowell, and are tabulated with the rest of the Smithsonian series in the 4th
.column of the general Table, par. 112.
114
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 629
108. In 1860, previously to the commencement of the Californian Geo-
ogical Survey, Dr. J. G. Cooper joined a military expedition across the Rocky
.ountains, under the command of Major Blake, U.S.A. Having forwarded
us notes, and specimens to Judge Cooper, they were placed in the hands of
T. Thomas Bland, of New York. He prepared a " Notice of Land and
freshwater Shells, collected by Dr. J. G. Cooper in the Rocky Mountains, &c.,"
hich appears in the 'Ann. Lye. N. H. of N. York,' 1861, pp. 362 et seq.
Ve have here the judgment of one of the most distinguished students of
merican land-shells, whose labours on the tropical forms have accumulated
'acts so important in their bearing on the Darwinian controversy *. The fol-
owing is an outline of the Report, which is peculiarly valuable for the copious
otes on the station and distribution of species : —
o.
Helix Townsendiana, Lea. " Both slopes of the Bitter Root Mountains, from
2200-5600 ft. high. Large var. at the base of the range to 4800 ft. Small
var. in dry prairie at junction of Hell-Gate and Bitter Root Rivers; also in
Wash. Ter., west of the Coast Mountains. The most wide-spread of the
species," J. G. C. ; Puget Sound, Cape Disappointment, teste inland.
2. Helix Midlani, n.s., Bland. " Under logs and in dry pine-woods : dead, Coeur
d'Alene Mission : living, west side of Bitter Root Mountains," J. G. C. j
St. Joseph's River, 1st Camp, Oregon, teste Binney. Closely allied to H. Co-
lumbiana, Lea, = labiosa, Gld. A beautiful hyaline var. was found under a
stone, by the Bitter Root River, 4000 ft, high.
Helix polygyrella, n.s., Bland. " Moss and dead wood in dampest parts of
spruce-forests ; common on the Coeur d'Alene Mountains, especially eastern
slope," J. G. C. Entirely unlike any other N. A. species, and having affi-
nity with H. polygyrata from Brazil.
4. Helix Vancouverensis, Lea, = H. concava, Bin. sen. olim, non postea, nee Say ;
= H. vellicata, Fbs., certainly ; =H. sportella, Gld., probably. " West side
of Coeur d'Alene Mountains, W. T., in forests of Coniferae, such as it in-
habits west of the Cascade Range. Between these two ranges, for 200 miles,
is a wide plain, quite uninhabitable for snails, on account of drought. This
sp. and H. Townsendiana probably travel round it through the northern
forests in lat. 49°," J. G. C. Also Crescent City, Cal., Newcomb; Oregon
City, Whidby's Is., W. T. ; Mus. Bland. Found on the Pacific slope, from
Puget Sound to San Diego.
6. Helix strigosa, Gld. " ^Estivating under pine-logs, on steep slope of shale,
containing veins of lime, 4000 ft. high, near Bitter Root River, Rocky Moun-
tains," J. G. C. ; Big Horn Mountains, Nebraska ; Rio Piedra, W. New
Mexico ; teste Bland. One sp. reached N. York alive, and deposited six
young shells. [?May not these have been abnormally hatched in the body
of the parent, from the unnatural confinement.]
6. Helix Cooperi, Binn., jun. " East side of Mullan's Pass, Rocky Mountains,
W. T., at an elevation of 5500 ft," J. G. C. ; Black Hills of Nebraska, Dr.
V. Hayden ; Big Horn Mountains, Nebraska j west side of Wind River
Mountains ; Rio Piedra, W. N. Mexico, teste Bland, Passes bv varieties
towards H. ' ~" " - • - - - - • -
igosa, Gld. Hayden's shell from Bridger's Pass,Nebr., referred
to by Binn., jun., Journ. A. N. S. Phil. 1858, p. 115, as H. solitaria, var., is
the young of this species.
7. Helix solitaria, Say. Both slopes of Coeur d'Alene Mts., 2500 feet high, J. G. C.
Also Prairie States, teste Bland.
8. Helix arborea, Say. " Damp bottom lands, along the lower valley of Hell-Gate
River, 4500 ft. high," J. G. C. Found from Labrador to Texas, and from
Florida to Nebraska ; also on the River Chama, N. Mex. ; also Guadaloupe,
teste Beau and FerussaCj letter to Say, 1820 j teste Bland.
* Vide " Geographical Distribution of the Genera and Species of Land Shells of the
West Indies, &c.," by Thomas Bland. Reprinted from Ann. LTC. Nat. Hist., vol. vii !New
York 1861.
115
630 REPORT — 1863.
No.
9. Helix striatella, Anth. With H. arborea, J. G. C. From Canada E. to Kansas,
and from Pembina (Red River N.) to Virginia ; teste Bland.
10. Succinea rusticana, Gld. " Rocky Mountains of Bitter Root Valley, 2500-
4500 ft," J. G. C.
The freshwater shells collected on the Rocky Mountains by Dr. Cooper
were determined, with the assistance of Dr. Lea and of Messrs. Binney and
Prime, as follows : —
11. Limneea fragilis [as of] Linn. [Binney]. Hell-Gate River; Missouri River,
above the Falls. [=Z. paliistris, auct]
12. Limntea humilis, Say. Hell-Gate River.
13. Limneea bulimoides, Linn. [Binney]. Missouri River, above the Falls.
14. Limneea desidiosa, Say. Missouri River, above the Falls.
15. Physa hypnorum, Linn. Hell-Gate River.
16. Physa heterostropha, Say. Hell-Gate River ; Missouri River, above the Falls,
17. Planorlis trivolvis, Say. Hell-Gate River.
18. Planorbis ?parvtts, Say. Hell-Gate River.
19. Ancylus, sp. ind.
20. Melania plicifera, Lea. Hell-Gate River.
21. Leptoxis, sp. ind.
22. Amnicola, sp. ind.
23. Sphcerium [ Cyclas] occidentals, Prime. Hell-Gate River.
24. Sphcerium [ Cyclas\ striatinum, Lam. Missouri River, above the Falls.
25. Unio luteoluSj Lam.
26. Margariiana margaritifera, Linn. Missouri River, above the Falls ; also Spokan
River, below Lake Cceur d'Alene,=-4./a/c#£Ms, Gld. ; the purple var. hitherto
only found on the Pacific slope.
109. The land-shells of the peninsula of California present points of great
interest to the student of geographical distribution. While those of the
eastern shore of the Gulf belong exclusively to the Mexican or Central Ame-
rican fauna, those of the western present in their general features that form
of the South American type which belongs to the region of the Andes. The
contrast between the Glandinae and painted Bulimids of Mazatlan, and the
small dull forms, or solid white shells of the peninsula, is evident even to the
superficial observer. They are catalogued by Mr. Binney in the ' Proc. Ac.
Nat. So. Philadelphia/ 1861, pp. 331-333, and are as follows, outline-figures
being given of the new species : —
No.
1. Helix areolata, Sby. Cerros Is., Dr. Veatch.
2. Helix Pandorce, Fbs. Margarita Is. (Binney).
3. Bulimus excelsus, Gld. La Paz. (Mus. Cal. Acad. N. S.)
4. Bulimus vesicalis, Gld. Lower California. [Altered in < Otia/ p. 184, to B.
sufflatus', nom. preoc.]
5. Bulimm pallidior, Sby.^vegetus, Gld. With B. incendem, v. infra. (S. Ame-
rica, Cuming.) [Cape St. Lucas List, no. 166.]
6. Bulimus proteus, Brod. One large and many young specimens ; Cape St. Lucas,
Xantm. (Mountains of Peru, teste Pfeiffer.) [C. S. L., no. 167.]
7. Bulimus Xantusi, n.s. Promontory of St. Lucas. 4 sp. Xantus. [No. 168.1.
8. Bulimus artemisia, n.s. Promontory of St. Lucas. 1 sp., on small species of
Artemisia ; Xantus. [C. S. L., no. 169.]
9. Bulimus jnlula} n.s. Todos Santos Mission and Margarita Is., in rocky spots
under mosses, not uncommon, Xantus. Resembles B.sujflatus,jun. [No. 170.]
10. Bulimus incendens, n.s. In great numbers with B. pallidior, Sby., climbing
high " copal " or copaiva trees, on dry hills 800-1000 ft. high ; Cape St.
Lucas, Margarita Bay, Xantus. Resembles B. excelsus, Gld. [No. 171.]
11. Pedipes lirata, Binn. Cape St. Lucas, Xantus. [C. S. L., no. 172.]
116
OX MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 631
110. At the time of the preparation of the first Report, not a single
naturalist was known in Europe to be resident on the western slope of North
America, to whom communications could be addressed on the subject of it.
There was, however, even at that time, a " Californian Academy of Natural
Sciences," which met at S. Francisco, and published its ' Proceedings.' This
Academy is now in a flourishing condition, under the presidency of Col. L»
Ransom. The general zoological department is under the care of Dr. J". G,
Cooper; the shells under that of Dr. J. B. Trask, Vice- President of the Academy,
whose name has already appeared in Judge Cooper's Report, anted, p. 597 ;
and the fossils under that of Mr. "W. M. Gabb. The corresponding secretary
is Dr. W. 0. Ayres ; and the librarian Prof. J. D. Whitney, the director of
the State Geological Survey. Already the nucleus has been formed of a very
valuable collection, many of the critical species in which have been sent to
England for identification. The coasting- trade between S. Francisco and
many stations in L. California, the Gulf, and the Mexican coast, offers pecu-
liar facilities for obtaining valuable information. Two of the contributprs to
the Californian Academy require special and grateful mention. Dr. Wesley
Newcomb (whose labours had greatly enriched the State Collection at his
native city, Albany, New York, and whose researches among the Achatinellce
in the Sandwich Islands are well known) is stationed at Oakland, near Fran-
cisco, and has already furnished valuable papers, an abstract of which is here
given, as well as emendations and additions to the British Association Report,
which are included in their appropriate places*. The Rev. J. Rowell has long
been a regular correspondent of the Smithsonian Institution, and has sub-
mitted the whole of his West-coast collections for analysis. He has dis-
played peculiar industry in searching for small species on the backs of the
larger shells, especially the Haliotids of the Californian coast, and the Ostrea
iridescens, which is imported in large quantities from Acapulco for the San
Francisco market f.
In the < Proc. California Ac. Nat. Sc.,' vol. i. pp. 28-30, Feb. 1855, Dr.
J. B. Trask published descriptions of Anodonta Kandalli, Trask, Upper San
Joaquin ; Anodonta triangularis, Trask, Sacramento River ; Anodonta rotund-
ovata, Trask, Sacramento Vallejr ; AlasmodontaYubaensis, Trask, Yuba River.
In the < Ann. Lye. N. H. New York,' vol. vii. 1860, p. 146, Dr. Newcomb
describes the first Pupa found on the Pacific slope, viz. Pupa Rowellii, Newc.
Near Oakland, Cal. " Approaches nearest to P. ovata, Say."
* The " Chiton amiculatus" Newc., MS., = Cn/pfochiton Stelleri. " Rare near S. Fran-
cisco ; somewhat more abundant in the Bay of Monterey." His " Panopasa generosa" in
the Albany Museum, was found to be Schizothcerus Nuttallii.
t As an instance of the way in which mistakes arise, may be placed on record a series
of shells sent to Mr. Rousseau, of Troy, New York, by Mr. Hilman, formerly of that
city, now a resident at San Francisco. They were sent as Californian ; yet, of the thirty-
four species which it contained, only one could be called a native of that province. All
the rest were tropical, and of that peculiar character which belongs to Acapulco. No
doubt, the gentleman had obtained them from a trader to that city. If only a few species
had been sent, mixed with Californian shells, they might have puzzled the learned ; for they
were obtained, on the spot, by a gentleman of known integrity. As it was, the magnitude of
the error led to its discovery : but in how many similar cases such error is thought impos-
sible!— Strigilla earn aria ; Donax carinatus, puncto-striatus ; Heterod. bimaculatus; Cal-
lista aurantia, chioncea ; Petr. robusfa ; Card, consors, biangulatum ; Liocard. apicinum ;
Trigona radiata, Hindsii; Anom. subimbricata; Lima tetrica; Siphonaria gigas, lecanium-,
Patella discors, pediculus; Fiss. rugosa; Cruc. imbricatum, spinosum, umbrella; Crcp.
acirfeata; Hipp, antiquatus, barbatus; Cerith. uncinatum; Modulus disculus', Nat>ca
maroccana, catenata ; Pohnices uber ; Leuc. cingulata ; JEneta harpa ; Purp. triangularis.
The single shell from the temperate fauna is Glyphis aspera,
117
632 REPORT — 1863.
In the 'Ann. Lye. N. H. New York,' 1861, p. 287, the Eev. J. Rowell, of
San Francisco, describes the second species of Pupa* discovered on the
western slope, viz. " P. Califomica, How., San Francisco : plentiful."
On February 4th, 1861, Dr. Wesley Newcomb published (Latin) dia-
gnoses of the following Californian Pulmonates in the ; Proceedings of the
Cal. Ac. Nat. Sc.,' vol. ii. pp. 91-94. A second Part bears date March ISth,
pp. 103, 104.
Page.
91. Helix Bridgesii, Newc. San Pablo, Cal. Isp. Distinct from all described forms.
„ Helix Traskiiy Newc. Los Angelos, Cal. " Distinguished from H. Thonarsii
at a glance."
92. Vitrina Pfeiferi, Newc. Carson Valley. More rounded than diaphana, Drap.
94. Pisidium occidental, Newc. Ocean House, S. Francisco, Rowell.
103. Helix Carpetiteri, Newc. Tulare Valley, Mus. Cal. Ac. Belongs to the Cy-
clostomoid group, and has the aspect of a desert species. [Quite distinct
from H. Carpenteriana, Bland, Florida.]
„ Helix Ayresiana, Newc. Northern Oregon ; Mus. Cal. Ac. Resembles H.
reticulata, Pfr., a Californian species not identified by the author.
104. Physa costata, Newcomb. Clear Lake, Cal., Veatch, Mus. Cal. Ac.
In the < Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia, 1861,' pp. 367-372, Mr. W. M.
Gabb published " Descriptions of New Species of American Tertiary Fossils,"
in which occur several Californian shells. The authorities for the localities
are not given, and the diagnoses are in English only. Considerable confusion
often arises from the study of tertiary fossils without knowledge of recent
shells, and vice versa. Mr. Gabb's writings on the Cretaceous fossils of Ame-
rica display an ability with which this paper is perhaps not commensurate.
Some errors which had been found very difficult to understand are here cor-
rected by the author himself, who regrets the incompleteness of his earlier
work.
368. Turbonilla aspera, Gabb. Sta. Barbara, Miocene. [=ltt#n0n,sp.,teste Gabb,
MS.]
„ Modelia striata, Gabb. Sta. Barbara, ? Miocene. [ = Lacuna carinata, Gld.
teste Gabb MS. and specimens. Mr. Gabb considers that Litorina Ptdroana
Conr., is the same species, which is probably not correct.]
369. Sphenia lilirata, Gabb. Sta. Barbara. [Description accords with Saxicaxa
arctica, jun., var. ; but Mr. Gabb considers it a good species.]
„ Venus rhysomia, Gabb. ? Miocene, Sta. Barbara. [=zPsep1ns tantilla, Gld.,
teste Gabb MS. and specimens.]
871. Cardita monilicosta. ? Miocene, Sta. Barbara. [Description accords with
Venericardia ventricosa, Gld. jun. ; but Mr. Gabb considers it a good species.]
„ Morrisia Hornii. ? Miocene. Sta. Barbara. " First pointed out Dy Dr.
Horn in a rich fossiliferous marl, and not uncommon."
In the « Proceedings of the Calif. Ac, Nat. Sc.' for April 7th, 1862, pp. 170-
172, Mr. W. M. Gabb published detailed English " Descriptions of two Specie ,
of Cephalopoda in the Museum of the Academy," of which one, Onychoteuthis
•fusiformis, is said to be from Cape Horn, the other from California.
170. Octopus punctatus, Gabb. Common near San Francisco. Also abundant in
Scammon's Lagoon, Lower California, Capt. C. M. Scammon. Arms more
than seven feet long, Dr. W. O. Ayres. " Differs from O. megalocyathns,
* That the race of small Pupa is very ancient on the North American continent, as in
Europe, is evident from the very interesting discovery, by Prof, pawson, of a fossil Pupt>,
in situ, nestling in an upright tree, fossilized in the* Nova Scotian coal-beds; which can
scarcely be distinguished, even specifically, from some living forms.
118
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 633
Page.
Couth., E. E. Moll. p. 471, in absence of lateral membrane, size of mouth and
cupules,' and general coloration."
171. Onychoteuthis fusiformis, Gabb. u Cape Horn/' Mus. Ac. [San Clemente
Is., Gal., Cooper, MS.]
From- the ' Proc. Cal. Ac. N. S.,' 1863, p. 11, it appears that at least one
mollusc, a Teredo or Xylotrya, has already established for itself an economic
celebrity. Piles have been entirely destroyed in six months from the time
they were placed in the water.
On March 2, 1863, Mr. Auguste Remond published, in the same Journal,
English " Descriptions of two new Species of Bivalves from the Tertiaries of
Contra Costa County: " —
13. Cardium Gabbii, Rem. Late tert. deposit near Kirker's Pass, in shelly sand,
with Tapes regular-is, Gabb, and Murex ponderosus, Gabb, both extinct.
" Easily recognized by heavy hinge and enormous laterals j lunule cari-
nated." [? Liocardiwn.~\
„ Ostrea Bourgeoisii, Rem. Same locality.
On April 20, 1863, Dr. Cooper described (in English) the following mol-
lusc, of which the only species previously known is from Cuba : —
21. Gundlacliia Californica, Rowell. Fig. 5 (three views). Fifty specimens on
water-plants in clear, stagnant ponds, at Marysville, leather River, Roicell.
On January 8, 1864, Dr. Newcomb described (in Latin) the following,
with other Pulmonates from the State Survey, already tabulated in p. 609 : —
115. Helix Hillebrandi, Newc. Tuolumne Co., Cal. One recent and several fossi
shells, M. Voy. Like H. Thouarsii, but depressed and hirsute.
The latest contribution to the malacology of California is one of the most
interesting. It is described (in Latin) by Dr. Newcomb, Feb. 1, 1864 : —
121. Pedicularia Californica, Newc. One specimen from coral growing on a mon-
ster Ecliidnocerus, very tieep water, Farallones Is., D. N. Robinson. " As
beautiful as P. eleyantissima, Desh., from Is. Bourbon." [Mr. Pease also ob-
tained a deep-water Pedicularia from coral in the Pacific Is., which Mr.
Cuming affiliated to the Mediterranean P. Sicula. Dr. Gould (Otia, p. 215)
also describes P. decussata, coast of Georgia, 400 fm., U. S. Coast Survey.]
111. The following descriptions of species, and notes on habitats and
synonymy, have been collated from various American scientific periodicals,
chiefly by the assistance of Mr. Binney's ' Bibliography.'
In the ' American Journal of Science and Art,' 0. S., vol. xxxviii. p. 396,
April 1840, Dr. A. A. Gould records the following species, said to be from
" California." His Trochus vittatus is not known : —
Murex tricolor et bicolor. Trochus vittatus.
Cardium Califomianum. \ Bulimus undatus.
In the ' Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History/ vol. iv
1846, No. 5, p. 165, Mr. John H. Redfield first described Triton Oregonense.
Straits of San Juan de Fuca : plate 11. fig. 2.
In the ' Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,'
1848, vol. iv. p. 121, Mr. T. A. Conrad described new genera, and gave notes oc
Parapholas Californica, Cryptomya Californica, and Psammobia Calif arnica,
altering Osteodesma hyalina (nom. preoc.) into Lyonsia Floridana. In the
same work, March 1854, vol. vii., Mr. Conrad described Cyathodonta undulata,
He also states that Gnctthodon trigonum. Petit, is probably identical with G
Lecontei, Conr. [?] (nom. prior), and alters genus Triyonella to Pachydesma.
119
634 REPORT— 18G3.
In the <Proc. Boston Ac. Nat. Hist./ July 1851, vol. iv. p. 27, Dr. A. A.
Gould published " Notes on California!! Shells," and, in vol. vi. p. 11, described
Helix ramentosa, California, and Helix damascenus, from the desert east of
California.
In the 'Proceedings Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil.,' April 1856, vol. viii. pp. 80, 81,
Dr. Isaac Lea described the following species of new freshwater shells from
California : —
Pompholyx effusa. Sacramento River.
Melania Shastaensis. Shasta and Scott Rivers.
Melania nigrina. Clear Creek, Shasta Co.
Physa triticea. Shasta Co.
Planorbis Traskii. Kern Lake, Tulan Co.
Lymncea proximo,. Arroya, St. Antonio.
Ancylus patelloides. Sacramento River.
and offered notes on
Margaritana margaritifera, Lea, = Alasmodonta falcata, Gld. ^Alasmodonta
Yubaensis, Trask. Klamath and Yuba.
Anodonta W~ahlamatetisis}J-jea,, = A. triangidata, Trask, -f- A. rotundovata, Trask.
Sacramento River.
Anodonta angulata, Lea,-f .4. feminalis, Gld., +.4. EandalK, Trask. Upper
San .Toaquin.
Helix OregonensiSj Lea. Point Cypress, Monterey Co.
Helir Nickliniana, Lea. Tomales" Bay and Dead 'Man's Island.
Helix Calif orniensis. Lea. Point Cypress.
Li/nm&a exigua, Lea. San Antonio Arroya.
Li/mncea pallida, Ad. San Antonio Arroya.
Phifsa heterostropha, Say. Los Angeles.
Hldania occata, Hds. Sacramento River.
Melania (Paludind) seminalis, Hds. Sacramento River.
Planorbis trivolvis, Say. Horn Lake.
Planorbis ammon, Gld. Lagoons, Sacramento Valley.
In the New Series of the 'Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia' occur descriptions
and notes on species, as under : —
1857, Feb. 18. Helix intercisa, W. G. Bin.,= II. Nickliniana} Bin. sen., var.
Oregon.
1857. „ 19. Succinea lineata, W. G. Bin. Nebraska.
1857, June. 165. Mr. T. A. Conrad described the genus Gonidca for A. angu-
lata, Lea j and for Gonidca JRandalii, Trask, and Gonidea
feminalis, Gld. ; regarding the three species as probably
distinct. [Dr. Lea, however, considers them varietal.]
1858. March. 41. Dr. I. Lea described Planorbis Ncicbcrryi. Klamath Lake
and Canoe Creek, California.
1860. March. 23. Melania Neivberryi, Lea. Upper Des Chutes River, Oregon,
Newberry.
In the " Notes on Shells, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species," by
T. A. Conrad, reprinted from the « Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil.,' Aug. 1849, are
given the following synonyms, pp. 213, 214 : —
Petricola Californica, Conr.,= Saxicava (?., Conr.,= P. arcuata, Desh.
Petricola carditoides, Conr.,= Saxicava c., Conr.,=P. cylindracea, Desh.
Siliqua Nicttallii, Com'.,s=Solecurtit8 N., Conr.,=»SWecw^s maximus, Gld., non
Wood, —Solen splendens, Chenu.
Siliqiia lucida, Com'.}=Sokcurttts 1.. ConT.}=Solecurtus radiatus, Gld., non
Linn. 12Q
OX MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 635
In his " Synopsis of the Genera Parapholas and Penitella," from the same
source, p. 335, are given as synonyms —
Parapholas Californica, Conr., =zPholas C., Conr., =Pholas Janelli, Desh.
Penitella Conradi, Val., =Pkolas penita, Conr., —Pholas concamerata, Desh.
Penitella inelanura^ Sbyv =.Penitella Wilsoni, Conr. (not Parapholas bisulcata).
In the elaborate but somewhat intricate " Monograph of the Order PTiola-
dacea" <fec., by G. W. Tryon, jun., Philadelphia, 1862, the following species
f are quoted from the "West Coast, and form the conclusion of the marine shells
J hitherto described, so far as known to the writer : —
Page.
49. Rocellaria \Gastr oclicena] ovata, Sby. Panama, W. I., and Charleston, Stimp-
son. " Not the slightest difference between the Pacific and Atlantic speci-
mens."
74. Pholas ( Cyrtopleura) truncate, Say. Massachusetts j S. Carolina ; Payta, Peru,
Ruschenberger ; Chili.
77. Dactylina (Gitocentrum) Chiloensis, King, 1832, = Ph. laqueata, Sby., 1849.
Peru, Chili [Panama, Jeivetf]. Scarcely differs from D. Campechensis.=
Ph. oUongata, Say, =Ph. Candeana, D'Orb.; Southern U. S., W.I.
82. Navea subo'lobosa, Gray, Ann. N. H. 1851, vol. viii. p. 385. California. ["In
a hole in a shell. Cabinet Gray." Neither shell nor authority stated.]
85. Pholadidea (Hatasia} ntelanttra, Sby. Lower California, = Pen itella Wilsonii,
Com-., J. A. N. Sc. Ph., fig. 4 (non 5). " This error in figuring led Dr.
Gray to misunderstand both the species and Conrad's idea of the genua
Penitella." [ Vide Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1856, p. 265.]
87. Penitella penita. [Mr. Tryon erroneously quotes (Netastoma) Darwinii, as
well as Ph. cornea, as synonyms.]
88. Joiiannetia (Pholadopsis) pectinata, Conr.,= Triomphalia ptdcherrima, Sby.
" California " [no authority], W. Columbia.
127. " Pholas retifer, Morch, Mai. Blatt. vii. 177, Dec. 1860. One broken right
valve. Hob. Real Llejos." = Dactylina (Gitocentruni) Chiloensis, King [teste
Tryon].
112. The following Table contains a complete list of all the Molluscs which
have been identified, from Vancouver Island to S. Diego, arranged so as to
show at the same time their habitat, and the principal collectors who have
obtained them. The species in the first column were obtained by Prof.
Nuttall; in the second, by Col. Jewett. The third column (marked B.A.)
contains the species tabulated from other sources in the First Report. Those
to the right of the double column are the fresh explorations recorded in this
Supplementary Report. The fourth column contains the shells brought by
the Pacific Railroad Expeditions, as well as the species sent to the officers of
the Smithsonian Institution by the Rev. J. Rowell and their various corre-
spondents. The fifth column (' Ken.') contains the species of the American,
and the sixth (' Lord ') of the British Nort/i Pacific Boundary Survey. The
• seventh records the collections of Mr. Swan and his Indian children ; the
last, those of Dr. Cooper in the California!! Geological Survey. As a largo
proportion of the species are as yet unknown, and the diagnoses will be found
scattered in various periodicals, some of which are rarely accessible in this
country, it has been judged needful to add a few words of description, with
references to well-known books. By this means the student will have before
him a compact handbook of the fauna, and will distinguish at a glance the
range of localities, and the amount of authority for each. For the full
synonymy, the previous pages of the two Reports must be consulted,
121
636
REPORT 1863.
Results of the Explorations in the Vancouver and Caltfomian Province. 1864.
(Omitting the doubtfully located and undetermined species.)
The letters stand for the localities in which the shells were collected, as
follows : —
V. Vancouver Island, Straits ^ of ^ S.
Juan de Fuca, and adjoining
shores of Washington Territory,
formerly known as ' Oregon.'
P. Puget's Sound and the neighbour-
hood.
O. Oregon ; and the region on each side
of the Columbia River.
C. California ; or the district north of
the peninsula, generally.
L. Peninsula of Lower California.
F. Neighbourhood of S. Francisco.
M. Neighbourhood of Monterey.
B. „ Sta. Barbara.
D. The region between S. Diei>o and
S. Pedro.
I. The islands : in the 4th column,
generally the Farallones ; in the
last, the" Sta. Barbara group.
H. Species obtained from the bucks of
Haliotids ; locality unknown j
probably Lower California.
fr. Fragments only.
fos. Only found fossil.
Nutt.
Jew.
B. A.
Smiths. Ins.
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.
Cooper. |
Defrancia intricata
—
—
D
—
—
—
—
D
BD
2. Rhynconella psittacea
3. Terebratula unguiculus ....
4. Waldheimia pulvinata
—
—
P
C
—
P
V
V
V
MB
I
Q Grayi
__
I
7. Terebratella Coreanica
8 - caurina
—
—
P
—
P
V
V
V
pi
9. Xylotrya pennatifera
10 — - — fimbriata
—
—
i
V
V
Guide to the Diagnosis of the Vancouver and Californian Shells.
Class POLYZOA. Family Discoporidce.
Defrancia intricata, Busk. Maz. Cat. no. 13. From Southern fauna The re-
maining species in this class have not yet been determined.
Class PALLIOBRANCHIATA. Family Lingulidce.
1. Lingula albida, Hds. Voy. Sulph. ; Rve., Hani., Davidson et auct. 20 fin. c. Cp.
Family Rhynconellidce.
2. Khynconella psittacea, Linn. auct. E. & \V. Atlantic : circumpolar.
Family Terebratulidee.
3. Terebratula unguiculus, n. s. Like Terebratella caput serpentis in size, shape, and
sculpture ; but loop incomplete in adult, as in T. vitrea. 6-20 fin. not r. Cp.
4. Waldheimia pulvinata, Old. E.E. Smooth, subglobular, ashy. 80 fm., living,
Cp., CI.
C. ? Waldheimia California, Koch, non auct. Colour ashy. Intermediate between
Coreanica and alobosa, Lam., Rve. (which is Californica, auct. non Koch).
0. Waldheimia Grayi, Davidson. Very transverse, reddish, deeply ribbed.
of (
.
7. Terebratella Coreanica, Ad. & Rve. Voy. Samarang.
Old. J\in.?=frontalis, Midd., Asia.
Size of (jlobosa; reddish.
8. Terebratella caurina, Gld. E.E. Like dorsata ; subtriangular, ashy, with strong
or faint ribs.
Class LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. Familv Teredidte.
9. Xylotrya pennatifera, Blainv. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1860, p. 126.
10. Xylotryafimbridta, Jetfr. in /
* Tj«JLi , .~ T «™ m,;i
Ilanl., non Lam. Phil.
Ann. Nat. Hist. 18GO, p. I26;mjpalntittatat Fbs. &
122
ON MOLLUSCA OP THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
637
Nutt.
Jew.
B.A.
Smiths. Ins.
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.
Cooper.
11 Zirphrea crispata
B
B
B
B
B
D
M
B
B
c
D
M
"c
CL
P
P
C
C
C
VOFMB
H
I
MCH
PF
FD
F
OFM
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
V
V
V
PV
V
V
V
V
D/K
MD
M
C
D
D
D
FBI
B
D
D
BI
13 ovoidea
14. Netastoma Darwinii ....
15 Martesia intercalata
16. Parapholas Californica. . . .
17 Saxicava pholadis
18 Glycimeris generosa ....
19. Mya truncata
20. Platyodon cancellatus ....
21. Cryptomya Californica . .
22. Schizothaerus Nuttalli ....
23 Darina declivis
24 Corbula luteola
25. Sphsenia ovoidea
26 Nesera pectinata
Family Pholadidfe.
11. Zirphesa crispata, Linn. auct. E. & W. Atlantic and circumpolar.
12. Pholadidea penita, Conr. Hani. auct. = concamerata, Desh. Shape from elongate
to ovoid ; umbonal reflexion closely adherent.
13. Pholadidea ovoidea, Gld. Otia. Umbonal reflexion with anterior opening.
14. Netastoma Darwinii, Sby. New submenus : valves prolonged, like duck's bill
instead of cups. Surface with concentric frills. Quoted from " S. A."
15. Martesia intercalata, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 19. From Southern fauna.
16. Parapholas Californica, Conr. Hani. auct. = P. Janellii, Desh. Very large j
with layers of thin, short cups.
Family Saxicavida.
17. Saxicava pholadis, Linn. auct.-J-var. arctica, Linn. auct. Maz. Cat. no. 23-f-var.
gastrochcenoidea, ovoid and gaping like Maz. Cat. no. 21-fvar. legumen, Desh.,
elongate, cylindrical, scarcely gaping.
18. Glycimeris generosa, Gld. E.E. Perhaps = Panopcea Faujasii, S. Wood, Crag
Moll. : pipes like Saxicava.
Family Myada.
19. Mya truncata, Linn. auct. = M. prcecisa, Gld.v Atlantic : circumpolar.
20. Platyodon cancellatus, Conr. Hani. Pipe-ends 4-valved. Low water : common.
Sold in S. Francisco market, Cp.
21. Cryptomya Californica, Conr. Outside like young Mya; mantle-bend nearly
obsolete.
Subfamily Lutrarinee.
22. Schizotharus Nuttalli, Conr. -f Tresvs maximus, Midd. Gray=Z. capax, Gld.
Shape from ovoid to elongate ; very large and tumid ; beaks swollen ; hinge-
sides channeled ; mantle-bend joined to ventral line.
23. Darina declivis, n. s. Outside like Macheera. Cartilage-pits produced, gaping.
Family Corbulida.
24. Corbula luteola, n. s. Shape of young biradiata ; small, ashy yellow. Com. Cp.
25. Sphania ovoidea, n. s. Siphonal area small ; front excurved ; mantle-bend large.
26. Necera pectitwta, n. s. Principal ribs about 12 : beak smooth. Like sulcata,
40-60 fm. Cp.
123
638
REPORT— 18G3.
Nutt
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B.A.
Smiths. Ins.
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.
Cooper.
27. Clidiophora pimctata ....
28 Kennerlia filosa
B
—
—
— '
P
—
V
D
, „
I
30. Periploma argentaria ....
3i Thracia curta
D
B
—
—
—
P
—
v
D
39 Lyonsia Califomica
B
B
PC
P
v
MD
83. Entodesma saxicola . .
34. intiata
35. Mytilimeria Nuttalli
86 Plectodon scaber .
C
r
I
D
P
V
V
V
D
I
37 Solen sicarius
P
P
P
v
37 b. v. rosaceus
B
___
D
38. Solecurtus Californianus . .
39 • — subteres
B
B
B
B
C
n
—
—
—
—
D
D
40 Machsera patula
OB
F
Of!
VOF
v
D
41. Sanguinolaria Nuttalli ....
42. Psammobia rubroradiata . .
D
C
c !
P
—
V
DI
D
Family Pandoridce.
27. Clidiophora punctata, n. g. (Type of genus = Pandora claviculata, P. Z. S. 1855,
p. 228.) Teeth f , posterior long, with ossicle. Conr. sp. j like Cl. trilineata,
out teeth more divergent ; inside strongly punctate.
28. Kennerliafilosa, n. s. New subgenus of Pandora with ossicle : outer layer ra-
diately grooved. Shell "beaked.
29. Kennerlia bicarinata, n. s. Not beaked ; 2 post, keels in convex valve. 40-60
fm. r. Cp. May prove=P. bilirata, Conr.
Family Anatinida.
30. Periploma argentaria, Conr. Hani. Large, subquadrate.
31. Thracia curta, Conr. Hani. Strong, subovate.
32. Lyonsia Califomica, Conr. Hani. -\-bracteata-{-nitida,Gld. Outline variable : often
close to Atlantic L. Floridana : striated external layer fugacious.
33. Entodesma saxicola, Baird. Subgenus of Lyonsia : animal nestling, irregular.
Close to E. cuneata, Ad. & Rve. Form protean : brittle, thick, lurid, with
enormous ossicle. Var. cylindracea has the form of Saxicava pholadis.
34. Entodesma inflata, Conr. = diaphana, Cpr. P.Z. S. 1855, p. 228. From Southern
fauna. Like picta, but pale, without pinch.
35. Mytilimeria Nuttalli, Conr. Hani. ? Subgenus of Lyonsia : rounded, with spiral
umbos.
36. Plectodon sealer, n. g.,n. s. Shape of Theora : dorsal margins twisted-in spirally
inside umbos. Lateral teeth laminated, with internal cartilage hidden, ap-
pressed. 2 r. valves, 40-60 fm. Cp.
Family Sotenida.
37. Solen sicarius, Gld. Otia. Nearly straight, rather short, truncated.
376. Solen ? var. rosaceus. Straight, narrower, longer, smaller j glossy, rosy.
Family Solecurtida.
38. Solecurtus Californianus, Conr. Hani. May be a var. of the Peruvian VDombcyi.
Yellowish ash, with ventral parallel grooves. A ?var. without grooves closely
resembles gibbus.
30. Solec'trtiw sxbteres, Conr. Hani. Small, compact, with violet rays.
40! Machcera patula, l)ixon=& maximus, Wood=:ffrandis, Gmel. = &'%wa Nuttalli
?+lucida, Conr. (var. jun.) Asia.
Family TellinidcB.
41. Sanyuinolaria Nuttalli, Conr. Haul. = Psammobia decora, Hds. Flat, rounded.
42 Psammobia rubro-radiata, Nutt. • Large : shape of vespertina : rayed with lilac.
124
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. Ooy
Nutt.
Jew.
B.A.
Smiths. Ins.
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.
Cooper. 1
43. Macoma secta
D
0
OD
0
B
B
C
00
O
OF
C
MIL
PO
VPOF
0
OF
D
DL
F
O
D
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
v
v
V
V
D
D
D
MD
F
FM
D
MI
D
M
D
D
DI
DI
43 b. v. edulis
45. yoldiformis
47. inquinata
48. v. expansa
49 inconspicua .......
50. Angulus modestus
506 obtusus
51 — — — variegatus
52 Gouldii
53. Maera salmonea ....
54 Tellina Bodeo-ensis
55. Arcopagia lamellata ..
56. (Edalia subdiaphana
57. Cooperella scintilleeformis .
58. Lutricola alba
43. Macoma secfo, Conr. Hani. Large, flat, rounded, glossy; winged behind ligament.
43 b. Macoma var. edulis, Nutt. Northern form, less transverse ; texture dull.
44. Macoma indentata, n. s. Like secta, jun., but beaked, indented, and ventrally
produced.
45. Macoma yoldiformis, n. s. Small, white, glossy, very transverse ; ligament-area
scooped-out.
46. Macoma nasuta, Conr. and. -\-tersa, Gld. Large, beaked, twisted; mantle-
bend touching- opposite scar in one valve. From Kamtschatka to S. Die-zo.
Cape Lady Franklin, 76°, Belcher, 1826. 3 ft., mud, between tide-marks,
Lord.
47. Macoma inquinata, Desh. P. 7*. S. 1854, p. 357. Like degraded nasuta ; mantle-
bend a little separated from scar in both valves.
47 b. Macoma ?edentula, Brod. & Sby. jun. ; or an abnormal var. of inquinata.
48. Macoma ?var. expansa. Scars like lata and calcarea in Mus. Cum., but teeth
not bifid, very thin, glossy.
Greenland.
Scarcely differs from lata, Desh. in B. M.
49. Macoma inconspicua, Br. & Sby. = Sang. Calif orniana, Conr. Probably = " Fa-
bricii=fragilis, Fabr." in Mus. Cum. Like
thin, flat solidula : pink ; var.
Like tener, Say; but with callus
large, white. 8-15 fm. Lyall.
60. Angulus modestus, n. s. (Subg. of Tellina.)
between mantle-bend and scar. "White.
50 b. Angulus ?var. obtusus. Inside like modestus ; but beaks obtuse.
51. Angulus variegatus, n. s. Shape of obtusus : no callus ; rayed with pink and
yellow. 20-60 fm. r. Cp.
52. Angulus Gouldii, Hani. MS. in Mus. Cum. Small, white ; ant. ventr. side swollen.
53. Mcera salmonea, n. s. (Scarcely differs from Angulus.} Small, subquadrate,
glossy, salmon-tinted. Beach-20 fm. Cp.
54. Tellina Bodegensis, Hinds, Voy. Sulph. Large, strong, transverse, with con-
centric grooves.
55. Arcopagia lamellata, Maz. Cat. no. 68. One fine pair in shell washings.
56. (Edalia subdiaphana, n. g., n. s. Thin, swollen, shape of Kellia, ligament sur-
rounding beaks : hinge with 5 bifid teeth (3-2) ; no laterals ; large mantle-
bend.
57. Cooperella scintillceformis, n. s. New subgenus of (Edalia. Cartilage semi-
internal : only 1 tooth bifid.
68. Lutricola alta, Conr. (Tellina). For this group (= Capsa, "Bosc," Add. non
Lam.), scarcely agreeing with either Macoma or Scrobicularia, Blainville's
125
640
REPORT 18G3.
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B. A.
Sin it hi. Ins.
Ki-n.
Lord.
Swan.
Cooper.
59 Semele decisa . .
D
D
c
D
I
D
T)
v
D
D
63. mcongriia
64. Cumingia Californica ....
65. Donax Califomicus
66 flexuosus
B
B
D
B
c
DL
—
—
I
DI
D
67 navicula
D
D
68. Heterodonax bimaculatus
69. Standella Californica
(396. nasuta
D
B
B
0
L
F
—
—
V/K
D
D
?D
70. planulata
B
D
71. falcata
p
P
v
72 Raeta undulata . .
T,
D
73. Clementia subdiaphana . .
74 Amiantis callosa . .
B
B
f!
L
P
V
—
D
75. Pachydesma crassatelloides
76. Psephis tantilla
BD
B
B
C
FM
o
P
y
Y
D
I
synonymic name may be revived in restricted sense. Sv)ecies=bian(julata)
P. Z. S. 1855, p. 230.
59. Semele decisa, Com*, auct. Large, rough, like Peruvian corntaata, but truncated.
60. Semele rupium, Sby. Smaller, rough, swollen; with smaller mantle-bend.
Galapagos. Not r. Cp.
61. Semele rubrolineata, (? Conr.). Flattened, same shape, with faint sculpture each
way, and pink rays. [Conrad's lost shell may be young decisa.^
62. Semele pulchra, Sby. Transverse, crowded concentric sculpture, with radiating
lines at sides. Southern fauna.
63. Semele incongma, n. s. Like pulchra, with concentric sculpture differing in r.
and 1. valves : fine radiating striae all over. 40-69 fm. c. Cp.
64. Cumingia Californica, Conr. auct. Maz. Cat. no. 44.
65. Donax Calif ornicus, Conr. (non Desh.) = obesus, Gld. (non Desh.). Smooth,
stumpy : outline and colour variable.
66. Donax flexuosus, Gld. Like punctostriata jun. with stronger keel, and no
punctures.
67. Donax navicula, Sby. Maz. Cat. no. 77. From Southern fauna.
68. Heterodonax bimaculatus. Broad var., generally violet, = Psammobia Pacifica,
Conr.= Tellina vicina, C. B. Ad. Cape St. Lucas, Acapulco, W. Indies.
Family Mactrida.
69. Standella Californica, Conr. (non Desh.). Large, shaped like Schiz. Nuttalli, but
beaks narrow. Mantle-bend separate from ventral line.
696. Standella ? var. nasuta, Gld. (suppressed). Revived for young shells between
Californica and planulata, till more is known./
70. Standella planulata, Conr. Nearly as large ; shape approaching Mactrella exoleta.
71. Standella falcata, Gld. Otia. Shape like planulata, but flatter.
72. llaeta undulata, Gld. Otia. Like the Atlantic R. canaliculata, but reversed.
Rare at S. Pedro, Cp.
Family Veneridce.
73. ? Clementia subdiaphana, n. s. Plinge normal, verv thin, ashy.
74. Amiantis callosa, Conr. (not auct.). Subgenus of Callista: hinge-plate rough-
ened as in Mercenaria : mantle-bend as in Dosinia. L. w. com. Cp.
76. Pachydesma crassatelloides, Conr. auct. Subgenus of Trigona, with fewer teeth :
jun. = stultorum, Gray.
76. Pscphis tantilla, Gld. Otia. Subgenus of Vmus : animal ovoviviparous. Teeth
elongate, approaching Pachydesma. Small, with purple spot. 12-20 fin. c. Cp,
126
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST CO.AST OF NOTiTH AMERICA.
641
Nutt.
Jew.
B.A.
Smiths. Ins.
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.
Cooper.
77. Psephis Lordi
__
P
V
V
I
__
_
DI
79. tellimyalis
II
80. Venus Kennerleyi
_
___
,
P
_
V
_^
81. Chione succincta ....
BD
D
0
D
82. excavata
D
D
D
o
L
___
D
84. fluctifraga
V
D
c
D
D
85. Tapes tenerrima
B
F
F
v
D
86 laciniata
M
D
D
87 staminea .
DO
F
F
FD
FD
87 6. var. Petitii
c
VPOM
P
v
v
FM
87 c. var. ruderata
88. Saxidomus aratus
—
—
F
V
FD
89. Nuttallii
D
D
o
FD
90. squalidus
F
o
VPOF
P
v
v
91. brevisiphonatus ....
92. Rupellaria lamellifera ....
93. Petricola carditoides ....
D
BD
BD
M
MB
c
c
c
D
F
LH
P
V
V
M
M
D
R
B
c
MD
FMD
77. Psephia Lordi, Baird, P. Z. S. 1863. Teeth normal : pure white. 20-40 fm. c. Cp.
78. Psephis salmonea, n. s. Very small, rounded, teeth elongate : salmon-coloured.
30-40 fm. r. Cp.
79. Psephis tettimyalis, n. s. Shape of Tellimya : central tooth minute j outside
teeth long.
80. Venus Kennerleyi, Rve. Large, transverse, flattened, ashy: strong cone. ribs.
Young like astartea, Midd. (notfrtctuata, Gld.).
81. Chione succincta, Val. = Calif orniensis, Brod. = Nuttatti, Conr. Cone, ribs smooth.
82. Chione excavata, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 216. Scarcely differs from cancellata.
Possibly exotic.
83. Chione simillima, Sby. Finely sculptured each way.
84. Chione fluctifraga, Sby.+callosa, Sby. Like Stutchbnryi : swollen, irregular.
85. Tapes tenerrima, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 200, (jun.)= V. rigida, Gld. pars, f. 538.
Very large, thin, flat ; long pointed sinus.
86. Tapes laciniata, n. s. Large, swollen, brittle, ashen ; sculpture pectinated.
87. Tapes staminea, Conr. Strong, shape of decussata ; sculpture close ; yellowish.
Var. diversa, Sby.=mundulus, Rve. More swollen, clouded with chocolate.
Var. Petitii, T)esh.=rigida, Gld. pars. Dead white, sculpture stronger faint,
open or close. 2 ft. deep in mud, between tides, Lord. Var. tumida, Sby.
"Very swollen. Var. orbella, rounded, globose. Var. ruderata, Desh. Con-
centric sculpture laminated.
88. Saxidomus aratus, Gld. Otia. Very large, oval, with regular concentric ridges.
89. Saxidomus Nuttallii, Conr. auct. Transverse, subquadrate, irregularly grooved.
90. Saxidomus squalidus, Desh. Large, variable outline, broader, scarcely sculp-
tured.
91. Saxidomus brcvisiphonatus, n. s. Smaller, Callista-shaped ; close, faint concen-
tric lines over distant waves ; mantle-bend very small.
Family Petricolidce.
92. Rupellaria lamellifera, ConT. = Cordieri, Desh. With large concentric laminas.
No radiations.
93. Petricola carditoides, Conr. + Californica, Com\+cylindracea, Desh.+arcuata,
Desh. -\-gibba, Midd. Of various aspects, like Saxicava. Normally shaped
like Cypricardia, with fine sculpture like Naranio.
Family Chamidce.
94. Chama exogyra, Conr. Reversed ; texture opaque ; rudely frilled.
95. Cliama pettucida, Sby. Dextral, texture porcellanous, rosy j closelv frilled. S.A.
1863. 107
643
SPOET — 186&
JNutt.
Jew.
B. A. i! Smiths. Ins.
II
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.! Cooper
iHJ. Uhama spinosa
07. Cardium corbis
OB
15
D
B/,
B
oc
p
c
VPOF
D
H
D
P
P
P
P
P
P
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
?D t
1
I
T)
D
I
PC
I
I
MUI
I
1
DI
98. quadragenarium
f)9 . — var blanduni
100. var. centifilosum ....
101. Hemicardium biangnlatimi
102. fcjerripes Groenlandicus. . . .
103. Liocardium elatum
104. — — substriatum . . .
105. Astarte compacta
106. Esquimalti ....
107 fluctuata
108. Miodon prolongatus
D
D
D
p
109. Venericardia borealis ....
109 b. var. ventricosa ....
110 Lazaria subquadrata
111. Lucina Nuttallii
112 Californica . . .
113. bclla
114. tenuisculpta
96. CJiama spinosa, Sby. Ridges broken into close short spines. Maz. Cat. no. 122.
Family Cardiadee.
97. Cardium corbis, Mart.=JVw#o//z-}- Calif ornianum, Conr. Large, earthen, rather
nodulous ; posterior margin strongly indented by 2 first ribs. Asia. 8-15 fm.
Lyall. Jun. in stomach of starfish, 12 fm. Lord.
98. Cardium quadraaenarium, Com.=luteolabrum (=xanthocheilum), Old. Very
large ; 40 ribs, with aculeate spines.
99. Cardium var. blandum, Gld. Otia. Delicate form of the Asiatic pseiidofossfle,
Rve. = Calif orniense, Desh. Transverse; close, flat ribs; margin regular.
8-15 fm. tyall
100. Cardium var. centifilosum. Probably=modestfMm, Ad. & Rve. ; but rounder,
ribs sharper and more distant. Belongs to subg. Fulvia, Gray. 30-40 fm. Cp.
101. Hemicardium biangulatum, Sby. Southern fauna. 10-20 fm. living. Cp.
102. Serripes Groenlandicus, Chem. auct. Boreal. Rounder than S. Lapcrousii.
103. Liocardium elatum, Sby. Maz. Cat. no. 124. Gulf fauna. Very large, Cp.
104. Liocardium substriatum, Com'.=cruentatum, Gld. Almost identical with the
Peruvian Elenense.
Family Astartida.
105. Astarte compacta, n. s. Like compressa, but closer ; dorsal margins straight,
at right angles.
106. Astarte Esquimalti, Baird, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 70. Subtrigonal ; ribs irregular.
107. ? Astarte fluctuata, n. s. Very close to Omalii, jun. of Coralline Crag. 2 right v.
30-40 im. Cp.
109. Venericardia borealis, Conr. N. Atlantic, from Miocene. 120 fm. Cat. Is. Cp.
109 b. Venericardia var. ventricosa, Gld. Small, swollen. 30-40 fm. Cp.
110. Lazaria subquadrata, n. s. Hinge of Lazaria: outside like Cardita varic(/ata,j\in,
Family Lucinidee.
111. Lucina Nuttallii, Conr. Hani. Like muricata, with more delicate P "ulpture.
112. Lucina Californica, Conr. Dosinoid, with waved lunule. Jun. ? = L. Artemldis,
P. Z.S. 1856, p. 201.
113. Lucina bella, Conr. Shell not known ; maybe =zpectinata, Maz. Cat. no. 142.
114. Lucina tenuisrul> fa. n. s. Like Mazatlanica, Cat. no. 144, more convex, with
finer sou1 p lure. 4 I'm. living, Cp. The island var. is intermediate. 120 I'm.
dead, C>.
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
643
Nutt
Jew.
B.A.
Smiths. Ins.
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.
Cooper.
115. Lucina borealis
B
MD
C
PC
B
B
B
C
C
C
M
B
B
C
C
c
c
F
F
C
P
C
D
M
M
H
PFC
PC
FH
VH
M
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
I
I
I?
D
D
DI
I
D
D
D
FDI
F
DI
D
M
116. Cryptodon flexuosus
118 Diplodonta orbella
119 Kellia Lap6rousii » .
1196. var. Chironii
120 rotundata
121 • suborbicularis
122 Lasea rubra
124. Lepton meroeum
125 Tellimya tumida
12(5. Pristes oblonons
127. Mytilus Califomianus . . . .
128. edulis
128 b. var. glomeratus . .
129. Septifer bifiircatus
130 Modiola capax
132 fornicata
133. recta
D
115. Lucina borealis, Linn. auct. -\-acutilineata, Com*. Widely diffused, from Coral-
line Crag. Philippines, teste Cuming. 30-120 fm. Cp.
116. Ci'yptodon+flexuosus, Mont. auct. Atlantic, circumpolar. Cat. Is. 120 fm. Cp.
117. Cn/ptodon serricatus, n. s. Small, circular, flat; epidermis silken. ? Cat. Is.
Cp. 120 fm.
Family Diplodontidte.
118. Diplodonta orbella, Gld. Otia.=(J/*/««) Splicer ella tumida, Conr.
Family Kelliada.
119. Kettia Laperousii, Desh. Woodw. Typically large, strong, transverse.
119 b. Kellia var. Chironii. Thinner, less transverse, margins rounded.
120. Kellia rotundata, n. s. Larger, flatter, and less pearly than suborbicularis.
Margin circular.
121. Kettia suborbicularis. Mont. auct. Maz. Cat. no. 153. N. Atlantic : W. Mexico.
Exactly accords with British sp. 30-40 fm. Cp.
122. Lasea rubra, , Mont, auct. Maz. Cat. no. 154. N.Atlantic: W. Mexico. Exactly
accords with British sp.
123. Pi/thin i rw/ifera, n. s. Large, thin, slightly indented ; teeth minute j epidermis
shaggy.
124. Lepton meroeum, n. s. Small, shaded like Sunapta.
125. Tellimya tumida, n. s. Between bidentata and substriata : ossicle minute.
126. Pristes oblongus, n. g., n. s. Like Tellimya, with long marginal teeth, serrated
near hinge.
Family Mytilidce.
127. Mytilus Califomianus, Conr. 9 in. long : stained with sienna : obsoletely ribbed.
128. Mytilus edidis, Linn. o,\ict.=trossulm, Grid. Abundant on whole coast, with the
usual Atlantic vars. Between tide-marks, Lord : also brown var. on float-
ing stick.
128 5. Mytilus ? var. glomeratus, Gld. Otia. Short, stumpy, solid, crowded.
129. Septifer bifurcatus, Rve. Outside like Mytilm b. Conr. from Sandw. Is.
180. Modiola capax, Conr. Maz. Cat. no. 170. From Southern fauna.
131. Modiola modiolus, Linn. auct. Circumboreal. 8-15 fm. jun. Lyall.
132. Modiola fornicata, n. s. Short, swollen, like large M. marmorata j but smooth,
not crenated.
133. Modiola recta, Conr. 6 in, long, thin, narrow, rhomboidal. Chaff-like hairs-
over glossy epidermis.
9 129
644
REPORT 18G3.
NuttJJew. B. A.
Smiths. In-.
Ken.
Lord. Swan.
Cooper.
133 b. Modiola var. flabellata. .
134. Adula falcata
135. stylina
136. Lithophagus plumula. . . .
137. attenuatus
138. Modiolaria laevigata
139. marmorata
140. Crenella decussata
141. Area multicostata
142. Barbatia gradata
143. Axinaea intermedia
144. var. subobsoleta
145. Nucula tenuis
146. Acila castrensis
147. Leda cselata
148. cuneata
149. minuta
150. fossa
151. hamata .
M
M
VP
FM
OFM
M
H
\)
GDI
V
D
MDI
I
MD
MDI
BI
133 b. Modiola v&x.flabellata, Gld. Northern form, somewhat broader.
134. Adula falccita, Gld. Otia. Subgenus enlarged to include species intermediate
between Modiola and Lithophagus : shape of latter, byssiferous like former,
nestling in crypts. Sp. = Gruneri, Phil. MS. Shape not always falcate:
chestnut, rugose.
135. Adula stylina, n. s. Shorter, broader ; epidermis brown, glossy.
136. Lithophagus plumula, Hani. Maz. Cat. no. 175. From Southern fauna.
137. Lithophagus attenuatus, Desh. Maz. Cat. no. 173. From Southern fauna.
138. Modiolaria lavigata, Gray. Exactly accords with Atlantic specimens. Cir-
cumboreal.
139. Modiolaria marmorata, Fbs. & Hani. Exactly accords with Atlantic speci-
mens. Circumboreal.
140. Crenella decussata, Mont. Exactly accords with Atlantic specimens. Circum-
boreal. 10-40 fin. not r. Cp.
Family Arcadcz.
141. Area multicostata. Sbv. Maz. Cat. no. 181. ( -& a ,v ,.
142. Xarbatia gradata, Sby. Maz. Cat. no. 194. f From Southem fauna-
143. Aiinaa intermedia, Brod. = Harbarensis, Conr. fossil. Closely accords with
the Peruvian specimens. 40-60 fm. Cp.
144. A'rinnea (? septentrionalis, Midd. var.) subobsoleta. Sculpture much fainter than
in Middy's fig.
Family Nucididas.
145. Nucula tenuis, Mont. auct. Agrees with var. lucida, Gld. Circumboreal.
146. Acila castrensis, lids. Sulph. +£?/«/&, Baird. Subg, of Nucula with divari-
cate sculpture ; only known in Crag and N. Pacific. 40-60 fm. Cp.
147. Leda ccdata, lids. Sulph. Swollen, strongly sculptured : teeth veiy numerous.
10-60 fm. Cp.
148. Leda cuneata, Sby. D'Orb. testeHanl. {Scarcely differs from commutata, Phil.
in Mus. C\im.) = inoniata, A. Ad. Chili. 0-60 fm. Cp.
149. Leda minuta, O. Fabr. teste Hani. Circumboreal. Agrees with Norwegian
specimens of " caudata, Don." teste M'Andr.
150. Leda fossa, Baird, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 71. Between minufa and jwntefa. Sculp-
ture nearly obsolete.
J61. Leda hamata, n. s. Like Stcenstrvpi and permdoides, but very hooked, sculp*
ture strong. 20-60 fm. c. Cp.
130
OX MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
645
Nutt
Jew.
B.A.
Smiths. Ins.
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.
Cooper.
152. Yoldia lanceolata
153. amygdala
BD
BD
C
B
B
B
D
D
Cjn.
C
P*
P
C
C
0
C
H
D
D
DL
VO
PM
VPO
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
y
BI
?C
MDI
DI
M
BD
I
D
D
MD
D
F
155. Bryophila setosa .-. . .
156. Lima orientalis
157. Limatula subauriculata . .
158 Pecten hastatus
159. ?var. Hindsii
160. var. aequisulcatus . .
161. paucicostatus
162. ?var. latiauritus ....
] 62&. monotimeris
163. Amusium caurinum ....
1 64. Janira dentata
165. Hinnites giganteus
166. Ostrea lurida
152. Yoldia lanceolata, J. Sby. Hani. = arctica, Brod. & Sby. (Not Adrana L, Lam.
G. Sby.) With ant. diagonal lines.
153. Yoldia amygdala, var. teste Hani. Like lanceolata, without posterior wing,
and anterior sculpture.
Family ? Trigoniadce.
154. Verticordia ornata, D'Qrb.=novemcostata, Ad. &Rve. Samarang. Exactly
accords with Chinese types. S. A. 20-40 fin. Op.
Family Aviculidce.
155. Bryophila setosa, n. g., n. s., Ann. N. H. 1864, p. 10. Like minute, broad Pinna,
Animal ovoviviparous. Sta Barbara, 20 fin. Cp.
Family Pectinidce.
156. Lima orientalis, Ad. & Eve., Samarang, in Mus. Cum.= dehiscens, Conr. fossil,
teste Cp. Very close to young of L. hians, var. tenera. Beach to 20 fm. c. Cp.
157. Limatula sulauricidata, Mont. Fbs. & Hani. Circumboreal. Fossil in Crag.
Islands, 40-120 fin. not r. ; S. Diego, 1 valve, 4 fin. Cp.
158. Pecten hastatus, Sby. = hericeus, Gld. Elongated ; a few principal ribs serrated ;
^ ears unequal. In var. rubidus, Hds. (non Mart.), the ribs are equal, not
serrated.
159. Pecten (?var.) Hindsii. Broader; ribs close, small, smooth, bifurcating.
Passes from hastatus towards Islandicus.
160. Pecten cequisidcatus, ? n. s. Thinner and flatter than ventricosus, with narrower
ribs.
161. Pecten paucicostatus, ? n. s. Somewhat resembling very young caurinus ; but
ribs fewer, stronger.
162. Pecten latiauritus, Conr. (pars). Ribs sharply denned, with sharp concentric
laminae. Possibly an extreme form of
lQ2b.Pecten monotimeris, Com. = tunica, Phil. -\-Iatiauritus, Conr. pars. Passes into
Amusium. Very slanting, thin, with faint ribs.
163. Amusium caurinum, Gld. E. E. Large, flat, thin, very inequivalve. Var. =
Yessoensis, Jay. Japan.
164. Janira dentata, Sby. = excavata, Val. Ven. Like media. From the Gulf fauna.
Beach-20 fm. Cp.
Family Spondylida.
»65. Hinnites giganteus, Gray, Analyst. = Poulsoni, Conr. Very large, Spondyloid :
ligament as in Pedum, strongly adherent along the ears.
Family Ostreidtc.
66. Ostrea lurida, n. s. Shape of edulis : texture dull, lurid, olivaceous, with purple
stains. 2-3 fin. on mud flats, Lord.
131
646
REPORT— 1863.
Nutt.
Jew.
B.A.
Smiths. lus.
Ken. Lord.
Swan.
Cooper.
1666. Ostrea var. laticaudata . . —
1(36<?. wr rufoides . . —
D
?B
B
C
oc
C
C
C
C
C
I)
L
VF
L
DL
L
?P
D
I
P
P
P
P
V
V
V
V
F
D
D
D
F
D
I
DI
D
D
BD
D
MI
\QQd. var. expansa —
167. conchaphila . . [ma D
168. Placunanomia macroscnis- —
169. Anomia lampe —
170. Cavolina telemus —
171. Bulla nebulosa B
172. Quoyi —
173. Haminea hydatis —
174. vesicula . . —
175. virescens —
— Philinid —
— ? _
176. Tornatella punctoceelata . . ! —
177. Tornatina culcitella —
1666. Ostrea var. laticaudata, Nutt. MS. Purple, winged, waved: denticles near
hinge. Passes towards palmula, Maz. Cat. no. 214, b.
166e. Ostrea ? var. rt(foides—rufa, Gld. (non Lam.). Passing towards Virginica, j un.
Thin, with umbos hollowed j reddish in scar-region. Also fossil.
IQQd.Ostrea Pvar. expansa. Flat, affixed to whole surface, like Columbiemis.
Round, or winged to left, or right, or both, like Malleus. Also passes into
167. Ostrea conchaphila, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 214. From Southern fauna.
Family Anomiadee.
168. Placunanomia macroschisma, Desh. Kamtschatka. Vars. — alope-\-cepio, Gray.
Shape most variable, according to station. Sculpture often obsolete. On
rock, between tides, Lord.
169. Anomia lampe, Gray, Maz. Cat. no. 219. From Southern fauna.
Class PTEROPODA. Family Hyalceidce.
170. Cavolina telemus, Linn. = Hyalcea tridentata, Forsk. non Lam. Pelagic. 30-60
fm. dead, Cp.
[Other Pteropods were brought by the Brit. N. P. Boundary Survey, but may
have been collected on the voyage : v. p. 607.]
Class GASTEROPODA.
Subclass OPISTHOBBANCHIATA. Order TECTIBRANCHIATA.
Family Btdlidce.
171. Sulla nebulosa, Gld. Otia. Large, globular, thin. Maz. Cat. no. 225 -f- var.
fulminosa, Cp.
172. fiul'a Quoyi, Gray. Small : angular at umbilicus. Maz. Cat. no. 226. Pacific.
173. Haminea hydatis, Linn. auct. Exactly accords with European specimens.
174. Haminea vesicula, Gld. Otia. Smaller, paler, and thinner.
175. Haminea virescens, Sby. Gen. ~Vai\ = cymbiformis, Maz. Cat. no. 229.
Family ?Philinides.
Two species not yet dissected : one with internal shell like Phaneroj)lithalmus.
Family Tornatellidce.
176. Tornatella punctocalata, n. s. Small : grooved with rows of dots : pillar twisted
as in Buttina, Add. non Gray.
Family Cylichnidee.
177. Tornatina culcitella, Gld. Otia. Large, brownish, with faint striae. Fold close
to paries.
132
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OP NORTH AMERICA.
647
Nutt.
Jew.
B.A.
Smiths. Ins.
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.l Cooper.
1 776. Tornatina cerealis
—
B
B
B
D
p
C
D
D
DL
L
P
P
'V
~
«M
V
At
I)
MDI
I)
1)1
D
DI
D
BI
DI
FMI
I
D
B
B
BD
BDI
B
DI
D
178. eximia
179. carinata
180. Cylichna ? cylindracea . .
180&. var. attonsa
181. planata
182. inculta
183. Volvula cylindrica
184. Neaplysia Californica ....
185 Navarchus inermis
186. Pleurophyllidea California
187. Doris sanguinea
188. alabastrina
189. albopunctata
190. Sandie^ensis
191. Montereyensis
192. Triopa Catalinas
193. Tritonia Palmeri
194. Dendronotus iris
195. ^Eolis Barbarensis
196. Phidiana iodinea
197. Flabellina opalescens ....
198. Chioraera leonina
199. Melampus olivaceus ....
200. Pedipes liratus . .
201. Siphonaria Thersites ....
177 b. Tornatina cerealis, Gld. Otia. Small, white, smooth: but probably = worn
young culcitella.
178. Tornatina eximia, Baird, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 67. Size moderate : fold appressed :
subrectangular.
179. Tornatina carinata, Maz. Cat. no. 223.
180. Cylichna ?cylindracea, Linn. auct. Intermediate specimens, passing into
180b. Cylichna var. attonsa, rounded off at apex.
181. Cylichna planata, n. s. Like mamillata, with apex flattened-offl and fold distinct,
182. Cylichna inculta, Gld. Otia.
183. Volvula cylindrica, n. s. Like grain of rice, pointed at one end.
Family Aplysiades.
184. Neaplysia Californica, Cp. Proc. Cal. Ac. 15 inches long.
185. Navarchus inermis, Cp. Proc. Cal. Ac. Grasses, on shore. Cp.
Family Pleurophyllidiadee.
186. Pleurophyllidea Californica, Cp. Proc. Cal. Ac. Sandy flats, Cp.
Order NUDIBRANCHIATA.
137-198. All the new Nudibranchs are described in the Proc. Cal. Ac. Vide onto),
p. 609. Vide also Gld.'s Otia, and Esch. Zool. Atlas.
Subclass PULMONATA.
For land and freshwater species, both of Pulmonates, Rostrifers, and Bhfi'i7*r,
vide postea, paragraphs 115-119.
Family Aurictdidce.
199. Mflampus olivaceus , Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 235.
200. Pedipes liratus, Binn. Proc. Ac. N. S. Phil. 1861, p. 333,
Family Siphonariadce.
201. Siphonaria Tliei'sites, n. s. Like lateialisi with strong lung-rib and obsolete
sculpture.
133
C48
REPORT — 18G3.
Nutt.
Jew.
B.A.
Smiths. Ins.
Kfll.
Lord.
Swan.
Cooper.
2C2. Dentalium v. Indianorum
203. rectius
—
—
P
—
P
P
—
V
MI
204. semipolitum
D
205. hexa^onum
D
206. Cryptochiton Stelleri
207. Katherina tunicata .
—
c
oc
o
FMI
OF
P
P
V
y
V
y
I
I
208. Tonicia lineata
JO
PFM
P
V
y
209 submarmoroa
o
y
210. Mopalia muscosa
M
F
P
OFMI
V
V
I
211. Wosnessenskii ....
212. Kennerleyi
C
P
V
V
2126. var. Swanii
V
213. Hindsii
F
P
214. Simpsonii
f!
215. vespertina
P
F
P
v
216. lio-nosa ....
PINT
o
P
y
217. acuta
M
218. sinuata
P
219. imporcata
P
Subclass PROSOBBANCHIATA. Order LATERIBRANCHIATA.
Family Dentaliadce.
202. Dentalium (? pretiosum, Nutt. Sby. var.) Indianorum. Like entails, with very
fine posterior strise. 20 fm. c. "Cp.
203. Dentalium rectius, n. s. Long1, thin, slightly curved : like ebumeum, Singapore.
204. Dentalium semipolitum, Br. & Sby. ? = hyalinum, Phil, not Maz. Cat. no. 245.
From Southern fauna.
205. Dentalium hexagonum, Sby. From Southern fauna.
Order SCUTIBRANCHIATA. Family Chitonida.
206. Cryptochiton Stelleri, Midd. Very large : valves hidden. Reaches Sta Cruz, Cp.
207. Katlierina tunicata, Sby. — Douylasice, Gray. Mantle smooth, black: valves
partly concealed. Between tide-marks, Lord. Reaches Farallone Is. Cp.
208. Tonicia lineata, Wood. Closely resembling lineolata, Peru. Painting variable.
209. Tonicia submarmorea, Midd. Perhaps= lineata, var. without lines.
210. Mopalia muscosa, Gld. E. E.= C. ornatus, Nutt. (—armatus, Jay) -j-c0wsi'/m7ts,
Nutt. Highly sculptured: mantle crowded with strong hairs. Between
tide-marks, Lord.
211. Mopalia Wosnessenskii, Midd. Mantle slit behind, with few hairs. Sculp-
ture like muscosa.
212. Mopalia Kennerleyi, n. s. = Grayi, antea, p. 603, nom. preoc. Sculpture fainter :
olive with red : ridge angular ; post, valve waved.
2I2b.Mopalia Kennerleyi, var. Swanii: red, ridge arched; less sculptured.
213. Mopalia Hindsii, Gray. Olive : distinctly shagreened : flat : post, valve waved.
214. Mopalia Simpsonii, Gray, in B.M. Col. Like Hindsii, with valves beaked.
215. Mopalia vespertina, Gld. E. E. Shape of Hindsii, with very faint sculpture and
slight wave. Olive clouded with brown.
216. Mopalia lignosa, Gld. E. E. = Merckii, Midd. = Monterey ensis, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1855,
p. 231. Like vespertina, without wave : brown in streaks.
217. Mopalia acuta, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 232. Subgeneric, aberrant form ; with
small blunt plate, instead of post, sinus, between the two principal lobes.
218. ? Mopalia sinuata, n. s. Small, raised sharp back, red and blue, engine-turned ;
post, valve deeply notched.
219. ? Mopalia imporcata, n. s. Pale : central areas ribbed : post, valve slightly
notched. Indications of sutural pores in these two species, if confirmed, will
require a new genus.
ON7 MOLLUSCA OF THE \\EST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
619
Nutt.
Jew.
B.A.
Smiths. Ins.
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.
Cooper.
220. Acanthopleura scabra ....
991 flnvfl
M
—
C
FI
P
—
—
I
J
222. Ischnochiton Magdalensis
—
—
L
LM
—
—
—
DI
I
224. Lepidopleurus regularis . .
225. scabricostatus
—
—
C
—
—
—
—
I
226. pectinatus . .
I
227. Mertensii
f!
M
P
v
228. Trachyderrnon retiporosus
229. interstinctus
—
—
P
P
—
—
230. trifidus
. :
P
231. dentiens
P
1
231 b. pseudodentiens . .
232 Gothicus
—
—
—
P
V
—
D
I
233. Hartwegii
f,
F
931 Nuttallii
M
0
M
v
I
235. fleetens . .
M
P
v
D
220. Acantliopleura scabra, Eve. = Californicus, Nutt. Insertion-plates resemble
Katherina. Valves with, coarse V-shaped ribs, and projecting beaks.
221. Acanthopleurafluxa, n. s. Green, mottled with orange-red ; not beaked j with
only marginal and diagonal ribs.
222. Ischnochiton Magdalensis,ttds. Large, strong- valved, typical. Sculpture much
fainter than in southern shells. Mantle-margin wilh striated scales like
flattened bristles. Side plates 2- or 3-lobed. Beach-20 fm. Cp.
223. I-chnochiton veredentiens, n. s. Margin similar. Small, arched, sculptured
like Mertensii, but with 2 rows of bosses, one of which dentates the sutures.
10-20 fm. Cp.
224. Lepidopleurus regularis, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 232. Subgenus of Ischnochiton :
mantle-scales Lophyroid, generally striated. Sp. arched, green, shagreened.
Side lobes 2-4 : eaves spongy, not projecting.
225. Lepidopleurus scabricostatus, n. s. Small, arched, orange : rows of prominent
granules over shagreened surface. Lobes blunt, slightly rugulose, close to
eaves. 8-20 fm. Op.
226. Lepidopleurus pectinatus, n. s. Olive: strong sculpture over shagreened surface :
side areas ribbed : outer margin and inner sutures pectinated. Bch. Cp.
227. Lepidopleurus Mertensii, Midd. Red : highly sculptured over smooth surface :
side areas with rows of bosses. Mantle-scales smooth, rounded.
228. Trachyderrnon retiporosus, n. s. Subgenus of Ischnochiton : mantle-scales very
small, close, smooth. Sp. like scrobiculatus, central pattern in network, 3-6
side ribs.
229. Trachydermon interstinctus, Gld. E.E. Centre minutely punctured : 6-8 blunt
side ribs.
230. Trachydermon trifidus, n. s. Centre-punctures few, deep : 2-4 blunt ribs : side
plates with 2 slits.
231. [ Trachydermon dentiens, Gld. E.E. No shell known answering to diagnosis and
figure.] The 4 following species have incisors blunt, eaves not projecting.
231 b. Trachydermon pseudodenticns=t\-pe specimen of dentiens. False appearance of
teeth due to colour or ridges of growth. Closely granular : areas indistinct.
Sinus broad, squared : eaves spongy.
232. Trachydermon Gothicus, n. s. Blunt parallel riblets along very arched back.
Sutural lobes united at sinus : eaves not spongy. 8-20 fm. Cp.
233. Trachydermon Harhceaii, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1855, p/231. Large, arched. Inside
callous, without rows of punctures to slits : eaves spongy.
234. Trachydermon Nuttallii, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 231. Large^plain, flat. Incisors
slightly rugulose : eaves spongy.
235. Trachydermon flectens, n. s. Mantle-margin scarcely granular. Rosy, very
small, scarcely sculptured: valves beaked and waved as in M, Simpsomii
eaves and incisors normal.
135
650
RETORT 18G3.
Nutt.
Jew.
B.A.
Smiths. Ins.
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.
Cooper.
286. Leptochiton nexus ....
I
237. Acanthochites avicula . .
238. Nacella instabilis
—
—
p
—
—
v
y
I
239. incessa
B
T)
D
MD
240 subspiralis . .
T
241. depicta
T>
D
242. paleacea
B
242 b. var. triangularis . .
243. Acmsea patina
f!
n
n
VFM
P
v
v
M
FA1BI
244. pelta
n
f!
n
VFM
P
V
y
FA1 BI
244 b. var. Asmi
B
I
M
245. persona
o
f!
n
YF
P
y
y
FBDI
246. scabra
T)
0
0
Dili
MDI
247. spectrum
T)
f!
r,
FDH
MBD
248. rosacea
B
MD
249. Lottia gigantea
n
FMIL
MBDI
250. Scurria mitra . .
M
r,
pn
VPF
P
y
y
MI
250 b. ?var. funiculata . .
M
236. Leptochiton nexus, n. s. Like asellus : scarcely sculptured : mantle-margin with
striated chaffy scales, like Magdalensis. interspersed with transparent needles.
20-80 fin. Cp.
237. Acanthochites avicula, n. s. Like arragonites, but valves sculptured in large
snake-skin pattern. 8-20 fm. r. Cp.
Family Patellidez.
238. Nacella imtabilis, Old. E.E. Large : shape of compressa.
239. Nacella incessa, Hds. Sulphur. Small : Ancyloid.
240. ? Nacella subspiralis, n. s. Shaped like Emarginula rosea, and may be a Sciitcl-
lina. 10-20 fm. Cp.
241. Nacella depicta, Hds. Sulphur. Small, long, flat, smooth : colour in rays.
242. Nacella paleacea, Gld. Otia. Narrower, brown, striated at each end.
2426. Nacella ?var. triangularis. Shorter: apex raised: scarcely striated : whitish ^
with brown spots.
Family Acmaidee. (For synonyms, v. Reports in loci?*)
243. Acmaa patina, Esch. Large, blackish or tessellated: with very fine distant
striae. Between tides, Lord.
244. Acmeea pelta, Esch. More conical; border narrow; smooth, with blunt ribs
often obsolete. Between tides, Lord.
244 b. Acmeea ?var. Asrrn, Midd. Stout, small, black, conical. Probably an ab-
normal growth of pelta, jun. (1 sp. beginning on pelta) Cp.
£-15. Acmesa persona, Esch. Smaller: apex posterior: colour blotched or freckled :
sculpture in irregular ribs. Maz. Cat. no. 266. Var. umbonata, arched, with
narrow distant ribs. Var. digitalis, apex near margin. Var. textilis, apex far
from margin, approaching pelta.
246. Acmcea scabra, mitt. Rve. Outside with close rows of fine granules : orange-
red tint, glossy. Var. limatula, sculpture stronger, border black : perhaps =
Maz. Cat. no. 265.
247. Acmaa spectrum, Nutt. Rve. Flattened, with verv strong ribs, irregular.
248. Acmeea (?pileolus, Midd. var.) rosace?. Pink, small : like Herm specimens of
virginea.
249. Lottia gigantea, Gray. Genus reconstituted : mantle with papillae interrupted
in front. Shell large, flat, dark, lustrous (= Tecturclla (jrandis, Smiths. Inst.
Check List).
250. Scurria mitra, Esch. Papillje all round the mantle. White, conical : young
sometimes faintly sculptured. In dead clam, 12 fm. Lord.
250 b. Scurria ? var. funiculata. With rounded riblets; somewhat aoduloua.
136
ON MOLLTTSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
251. Lepeta caecoides
252. Gadinia (Rowellia)
253. Fissurella volcano
254. Glyphis aspera
255. — — densiclathrata
256. Lucapina crenulata
257. Puncturella cucullata
258. galeata
259. Cooperi
260. Haliotis Craclierodii
261. splendens
262. corrugata
! 263. rufescens
264. Kamtschatkana
265. Phasianella compta
266. Pomaulax undosus
267. Pachypoma gibberosum . .
Kutt. .Tew. 1>. A. li-M.'.-ths. In*. Ken.
M
?B
D
M
B
C
C
C
BD
C
oc
C
C
p
p
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
FDIL
DIL
D
D
FI
D
L
M
~
Lord. Swan.
V
?v
Cooper.
I
DI
M
T
MI
MDI
I
M
DI
MDI
1)1
MB
251. Lepeta cteco'ides, ?n. s. Like cceca, but apex turned back. Farallone I/,,
teste R. D. Darbishire.
Family Gadiniadce.
252. Rotvellia, sp. Genus proposed by Cooper : tentacles flattened, pectinated. Cat.
Is. Cp. Far. Is. Row.
Family Fissurellidee.
253. Fissurella volcano, Rve. = ornata, Nutt. Approaches Peruviana : hole variable.
254. Glyphis aspera, Esch.=Zwco/w, Gray=cro&Yw, Gld. Large, coarsely sculp-
tured, with colour-rays.
255. Glyphis densiclathrata, Rve. Smaller : with closer, finer sculpture.
256. Lucapina crenulata, Sbv. Tank. Very large : internal.
257. Puncturella cucullata, Gld. E.E. Large, with strong, variable ribs, 15-40.
Hole simple.
258. Puncturella galeata, Gld. E.E. Scarcely differs from noachina, but tripartite
process more strongly marked.
259. Puncturella Cooperi, n. s. Outside like galeata, but without props to the
lamina. 30-120 fin. not r. Cp.
Family Haliotidce.
260. Haliotis Cracherodii, Leach, auct. The trade species, smooth, dark olive : holeg
5-9. Var. Califomiensis, holes 9, 10, 11.
261. Haliotis splendens, Rve. Flatter, grooved, lustrous. Holes 4-7. Below tide :
on rocks, Cp.
262. Haliotis corrugata, Gray. Large, arched, very rough. Holes 3-5. Below
tide : on rocks, Cp.
263. Haliotis rufescens, Swains. Large, flatter, waved, rich orange-red. Holes
3-5. Below tide : on rocks, Cp.
264. Haliotis Kamtschatkana, Jonas. Small, thin, arched, waved. Holes 4, 5.
Below tide : on rocks, Far. Is. Cp.
Family Trochidee.
265. Phasianella compta, Gld. Otia. Maz. Cat. no. 284. Like puUus, a little longer
and natter ; but operc. bevelled and striated, r Var. puttoides, exactly like
Herm shells : ? var. elatior, dwarfed, longer and flatter : var. punciwata, with
close rows of dots ; pillar chinked. 8-20 fin. Cp.
266. Pomaulax undosus, Wood. Very large : operculum with 2 ridges.
267. Pachypoma gibberosum, Chem. ?=in(equale} Mart. Large, rough : operc.
swollen, simple. (Dead.)
137
653 REPORT— 18G3.
Nutt.l Jew.
B. A.
Smiths. Ins.
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.
Cooper.
268. ? Imperator serratns ....
269. Leptonvx sanguineus ....
270. bacula
M
M
C
B
M
M
M
M
B
B
M
C
M
M
0
C
C
c
D
C
C
C
c
c
c
c
OFMI
FI
L
FMDI
L
D
M
VFMI
M
P
P
"v
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
MI
MI
I
I
MI
11
D
DI
MD
DI
M
D
I
DI
M
272. acuticostata
273. Ethalia supravallata ....
273 b. var. invallata ....
274. Livona picoides
275. Trochiscus Norrisii
276. convexus
277. Chlorostoma fimebrale . .
2776. var. subapertum ....
278. gallina
279. brunneum
280. Pfeifferi '
281. aureotinctum
282. Omphalius fuscescens ....
283. Calliostoma canaliculatum
284. costatum
285. annulatum
286. varie^atum
268. ? Imperator serratus, n. s. Small, finely sculptured, base stellate, nucleus Plan-
orboid : operc. Hat, with more whirls. 10-20 fm. = 266 or 267 jun. teste Cp.
269. Leptonyx sanyuineus, Linn. n. g. Like Collonia, not umbilicate. Operc. with
horny and shelly layers, many whirls, outside flattish, not ribbed, margin
broad. Species red 'or purple, lirate. Bch.-20 fm. Cp.
270. Leptonyx bacula, u. s. Small, ashy, Ilelicina-shaped, nearly smooth. Bch.
d. Cp. Genus=IIomalopoma, p/537 : nom. preoc.
271. Liotia fenestrata, n. s. Small. Strongly ribbed each way. Bch.-40 fm. d. Cp.
272. Liotia^ acuticostata, n. s. Small. Sharply keeled, without radiating sculpture.
10-20 fin. Cp.
273. Ethalia supravallata, n. s. Minute : with keel and furrow near suture.
2736. .Ethalia ?var. invallata. Without keel.
274. Livona picoides, Old. Otia. Probably the remnant of an ancient colony of pica.
275. Trochiscus Norrisii, Sby. Tank. Nucleus as in Solarium : perhaps a Probosci-
difer, though pearly.
276. Trochiscus convexus, n. &. Small, subturrited, whirls swollen : umbilicus with
2 ribs, the outer crenated.
277. Chlorostoma funebrale, A. Ad. P. Z. S. 1854, p. SI6=marginatum, Nutt. non
Rve. Blackish, often puckered near suture.
2776. Chlorostoma funebrale, var. subapertum, with umbilical pit.
278. Chlorostoma gallina, Fbs. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 271. Olive, dashed with purple.
Var. pyriformis, Old., umbilicus partly or wholly open.
279. CJilorostoma brunneum, Phil. Auburn : finely striate : Gibbuloid aspect. The
young (teste Cp.) has a basal rib.
280. Chlorostoma Pfeifferi, Phil. Like brunneum : outside Ziziphinoid : umbilicus
keeled.
281. Chlorostoma aureotinctum, Fbs. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 271 =nigerrimum, Gmel. ? Mus.
Cum. Gibbuloid : with distant grooves and fine sculpture ; mouth orange-
spotted.
282. Omphalius fuscescens, Phil. Almost identical with liyulatus, Maz. Cat. no. 293.
283. Calliostoma canaliculatum, Mart.=6fo/<Y/m/rw. Large, with strong grooves.
284. Calliostoma costatum, Mart.=/?/osww, &c. Smaller, swollen, reddish j finely
ribbed. 8-15 fm. Lyall
285. Calliostoma annulatum, Mart.=ftVr/iw<f/w. Large, granular, stained with violet,
286. Calliostoma variegatum, n. 8. Small, more conical; nodules more distant; white
on rosy ground'.
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
653
Nutt
Jew.
B.A.
Smiths. Ins.
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.
Cooper. ,
287. Calliostoma supragTanosum
288. gem mill atum
—
B/«.
M
P
FI
FIH
VOI
P
P
P
P
P
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
D
D
MI
M
I
D
I
T
MI
MI
289. splendens
290. Phorcus pulli^o
292. optabilis
293 funiculata
295 lacunata
296. Solariella peramabilis . . . .
297. Margarita cidaris . .
298. pumlla
298 b. v*tr. salmonea ....
299. acuticostata
300. inflata
301. lirulata
302. ? Vahlii
304. — — helicina
287. Calliostoma supragranosum, n. s. Swollen, with sharp ribs ; posterior 1-4
granular.
288. Calliostoma gemmulatum, n. s. Very swollen : painted like eximium : with 2
principal and 2 smaller rows of granules.
239. Calliostoma splendens, n. s. Orange-chestnut, with fleshy nacre j small, rather
flattened, base glossy. 6-40 fm. Op.
290. Phorcus pulligo, Si&rt.+matvlowi, A. Ad.=eurt/dmphalus, Jonas+marcidus,
Gld. Subgenus of Gibbuli, with expanded, rounded umbilicus, and flat
whirls ; sometimes obsoletely ribbed.
291. Gibbula parcipicta, n. s. Like strong growth of Marg. lirulata, var.
292. Gibbula optabilis, n. s. Wider : decussated between ribs : 2 spiral lines insido
umbilicus.
293. Gibbula funiculata, n. s. Shaped like Montagui: with rounded spiral riblets.
294 Gibbula succincta, n. s. Small, scarcely sculptured, with spiral brown pen-
cillings.
295. Gibbula lacunata, n. s. Very small, nearly smooth ; umbilicus liemmed-in bt
swelling of columella.
296. Solariella peramabilis, n. s. Subgenus of Margarita, with open, crenated um-
bilicus. Species most ornate, with delicate sculpture. Umbilicus with 3
internal spiral lines, crossed by lirulae : operculurn sculptured. Like Minolu
aspecta, A. Ad. 40-120 fin. living, Op.
297. Margarita cidaris, A. Ad. n. s. Large, knobby, like thin Turcica, with simple
pillar and small umbilicus.
298. Margarita pupilla, Gld. E.E.=e«/osfow«, A. Ad. Strong, with sharp ribs, de-
cussated between, and fleshy nacre. S-15 fm. Lyall.
208 b. Margarita ? var. salmonea. Between pupilla and undulata : salmon-tinted,
sculpture line, not decussated : sutures not waved. 6-40 fm. Cp.
299. Margarita acuticostata, n. s. Small, painting clouded : 3 sharp ribs on gpire.
8-20 fm. Cp.
300. Margarita inftata, n. s. Thin, whirls very swollen ; sculpture very fine j spiial
hollow inside keeled umbilicus.
SOI. Margarita lirulata, n. s. Small : operc. smooth : 2 sharp principal riblets on
spire : outline variable. Var. subelecata, raised, livid : var. obsoleta, sculp-
ture evanescent : ? var. cornea, very tall, with intercalary ribs, like G. parci*
picta.
302. Margarita Vahlii. Moll. Raised, smooth : operc. with spiral rib.
303. Margarita tenuisculpta, ? n. s. Like obsoleta, but operc. ribbed.
804. Margarita helicina, Mont. Like the Finmark shells. CircumborcaL »v
139
REPORT 18G3.
!
Nutt.
Jew.
B. A. Smiths. Ins.
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.
Cooper.
305. Crucibulum spinosum. . . .
M
B
C
DIL
_
_
DI
306. Crepidula aculeata
B
__
307. dorsata
0
B
p
P
V
v
MT>
1
309. adunca
B
on
P
P
V
v
NT>T
310 ni°"osa
B
B
r
o
1)1
311 navicelloidcs
M
r
OI
v
y
I
311 b. var. nummaria ....
p
V
311 c. var. explanata
C
M
V
V
312. Galerus fastigiatus
p
P
v
y
313. contortus
MPI
314. Hipponvx cranioides ....
_
V
315. antiquatus
?B
?MT
316. serratus
1
317. tumens
B
MT>T
318. Serpulorbis squamigerus . .
319. Bivonia compacta . . [gma
B
B
c
D
—
—
V
D
320. Petalocouchus macrophra-
321. Spiroglyphus lituella ....
D
B
—
—
C
—
=
=
• =
Order PECTINIBRANCHIATA.
Suborder ROSTIUFERA.
Family
Crucibulum spinosum, Sby. Maz. Cat. no. 344. From Southern fauna.
Crepidula aculeata, Gmel. Maz. Cat. no. 334. From Southern fauna. Round
the world.
Crepidula ? dorsata, Brod., var. lingulata, Gld. E.E. = var. Wofaita, Ma/. Oat.
no. 336= C. bilobata, Rve. Appears identical with the S. American shells.
Crepidula excavata, Brod. Maz. Cat. no. 337. S. American.
Crepidula adunca, Sby. Tar\k.=solida, IIds.=rostrifonms, Gld. E.E. Dark
liver, rough epidermis, solid deck with produced sides. [Not uncata, Mke.=
rostrata, C. B. Ad., Rve.=acfemca, Maz. Cat. no. 3o8.J .Between tides, Lord]
10 fm. Cp.
Crepidula rugosa, Nutt. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 224. Probably northern var. oi unyx,
Sby. Maz. Cat. 340, with epidermis less shaggy.
Crepidula navicelloides, Nutt. Shape of squama, with nucleus of unrjuifonnis
(Maz. Cat. no. 342). Rounded rar. in hollow bivalves=mw?y/i«/-wi, Old.
Var. drawn out in layers like Lcssomi—fimbriata, Rve. Var. elongated in
crypts, scooped by crab or bivalve=erp/a«ata, Gld. =exudata, Nutt.=per-
forans, Val.
Galerus fastigiatus, Gld. E.E. Like mamillaris, nucleus large, immersed.
Large, in 8^-15 fm. Lyoll.
Galerus contortus, n. s. Whirls twisted : nucleus minute, prominent. 20-40
fm, Cp.
Family Capulida.
Hipponyx cranioides, n. s. Large, rough, flat, intermediate between planatus and
Hipponyx antiquatus, Linn. Maz. Cat., no. 347. From Southern fauna.
Hipponyx serratus, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 346. From Southern fauna.
Hipponyx tunwns, n. s. Growth like Helcion : sculpture more open than
barbatus.
Family Vermetidce.
ai8. Serpulorbis squamigerus, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 226 (not Aides). Large, scaly.
Verm, anellum, Morch, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 359, is perhaps the young.
319. Bivonia compacta, n. s. Entirely open within : but colour and growth like
31'U. I'etaloconchus macrophraqma, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 359. From Southern fauna.
321. Spiroglijphus litwlla, Moich, P. Z. b. 1861, p. 154
140
305.
306.
807.
309.
810.
311.
812.
813.
314.
315.
316.
317.
ON MOLLTJSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
bbb
Nutt.
Jew.
B.A.
Smiths. Ins.
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.
Cooper.
322. Caecum crebricinctum ....
323 Cooperi
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
MDI
DI
324 Turritella Cooperi
325. — — Jewettii
—
B/»
—
D ?fos.
—
—
—
DI
326 Mesalia lacteola
P
v
326 b. var. subplanata . .
327 tenuisculpta
—
—
—
— -
P
V
D
MB
0
0
CF
FD
329 Bittium filosum
p
P
P
v
v
329 b. ?var. esuriens ....
330. attenuatum
—
B
M
v
MD
331 quadrifilatuni
D
B
332 asperum
B/!s
DI
333 armillatum . . .
B'A
D
334. fastioiatum
B
335 Litorina planaxis , . .
0
e
0
FBI
MDT
336. Sitchana
o
PO
P
v
v
324. Turritella Cooperi, n. s.
325. Turritella Jewettii, n. s.
326. Mesalia lacteola, ? n. s.
Family Ccecidce.
822. CfPcum crebricinctum, n. s. Large, with aspect of Elephantulum, but very fine
close annular sculpture ; plug subungulate. 8-20 fm. Cp.
323. Ccecum Cooperi, n. s. Small, with 30-40 sharp narrow ring-;.
Family TurriteUidce.
Extremely slender, with many narrow whirls, c. Oi',
Like sanguinea, with very faint sculpture.
__ May be a local var. of the circumpolar lactea, with
altered sculpture : distinct, teste Cumino;.
326 b. Mesalia ?var. subplanata. Sculpture fainter : whirls flattened.
327. Mesalia tenuisculpta, n. s. Very small, slender, whirls rounded, lip waved.
Shoal-water, Cp.
Family Cerithiadce.
328. Cerithidea sacrata, Gld. E.E.= Ca/z/brmca, Nu.it. -\-pullata, Gld. Variable in
shape and sculpture : passes into Mazatlanica, Maz. Cat. no. 395.
329. * Bittium filosum, Gld. E.E.=jKsc/«7cAfoY, Midd. Strong, broad, grooved.
S29&. Bittium ?var. esuriens. Like starved filosum, very narrow, adult scarcely
sculptured.
330. Bittium attenuatum, n. s. Like plicatum, A. Ad., or drawn-out esuriens, with
threads instead of grooves.
331. ^Bittium quadrifilatum, n. s. Broad : 4 threads, equal from beginning, coiling
over strong radiating ribs.
332. * Bittium asperum, n. s. Same aspect : upper whirls with 2 strong and 2 faint
keels over less prominent ribs. Bch.— 40 fm. Cp.
333. * Bittium armillatum, n. s. Same aspect : 3 nearly equal rows of knobs.
334. Bittium fastigiatum, n. s. Small, slender : apex normal : sutures indented,
anterior rib strong.
Family Litorinidce.
335. Litorina planaxis, Nutt. Phil. =£?«£«/«, Gld. E.E. Outside plain; columella
scooped.
336. Litorina Sitchana, Phi\.=sulcata, G\d..=rudis, Coop. Rounded, flat, with spiral
ribs. Var. modesta, Phil, (pars) has sculpture mint : subtenebrosa, Midd., is
perhaps a degraded var. Rocks between tides, Lord', 8-10 fm. Lyall [?].
* These species have so peculiar a nucleus that they can scarcely rank near Ceri-
iluwin or Jtiissoa : perhaps they are related to Aiaba. The nucleus of esuriens and
ttttemtatum has not been seen.
141
656
REPORT — 1863.
Nutt.
Jew.
B. A.
Smiths. Ins.
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.
Coocer. 1
337 Litorina scutulata
B
PF
POFMI
P
v
y
MDI
338. ? Assiminea subrotundata
339 P Paludinella
-—
v
v
340. Lacuna vincta
341 porrecta
—
—
—
—
P
—
V
v
—
342. solidula
P
10
P
v
v
342 b. var. compacta ....
343. variegata
—
—
V
v
—
R
B
I
DI
345. Isapis fenestrata
v
DI
346. obtusa T
MBDI
347. Rissoina interfossa
MI
348. Rissoa compacta
P
y
349. acutehrata
350. Alvania reticulata
—
—
—
—
—
V
D
351. filosa
V
352. Fenella pupoidea
M
353. Barleeia subtenuis
DI
DI
353 b. ?var. rimata
D
D
354. haliotiphila
H
355. Amphithalamus inclusus
—
B
— -
—
—
—
D
337. Litorina scutulata, Gld. E.E.+lepida, Gld. Var. =p/<?w«, Old. Small, solid,
pointed, flattened, smoothish. Rocks between tides, Lord.
338. ? Assiminea subrotundata, n. s. Like a very thin Litorina : ashen, plain.
339. ? Paludinella, sp. May be an aberrant Assiminea.
340. Lacuna vincta, Mont. auct. Circumboreal.
341. Lacuna porrecta, n. s. Upper whirls flattened, effuse anteriorly j chink large.
341 b. Lacuna ?var. effusa. Larger, taller, more swollen.
341 c. Lacuna ?var. exa>quata, same shape but flattened.
342. Lacuna solidula, ~Lov.=carinata, Gld., not A. Ad.= Vodelia siriata, Gabb.
Solid, variable, chink small ; sometimes keeled or angular.
342 b. Lacuna ?var. compacta. Very small, narrow, orange, scarcely chinked.
343. Lacuna variegata, n. s. Very tall, elliise, irregular \vith wide chink : clouded
or with zigzag stripes : like decorata, A. Ad.
844. Lacuna unifasciata, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 205. Small, glossy, generally with
a coloured keel, sometimes broken into dots. Var. aurantiaca, keel obsolete,
resembling the chinked Phasianellce. 8-10 fin. Cp.
345. Isapis fenestrata, n. s. Like oroidea, with sharp distant ribs.
346. Isapis obtusa, n. s. Whirls flattened behind : ribs swollen, uneven. 10-20
fin. Cp.
Family Rissoida.
347. Rissoina interfossa, n. s. With 5 sharp keels crossing 14 strong ribs. 8-10 fm.
348. Rissoa compacta, n. s. Sculptured like Beanii, with short broad whirls.
349. Rissoa acutelirata, n. s. Alvanoid : 15 sharp, distant, spiral riblets, travelling
over 18 sharp distant ribs, obsolete in front.
350. Alvania reticulata, n. s. Open network : radiating threads travelling over 19
stronger distant spiral threads.
351. Alvania jilosa, n. s. Turrited : pillar purple-stained : 18 close spiral striae,
passing over very faint waved riblets.
852. Fenella pupoidea, n. s. Variegated, truncatelloid shape. 20 fm. rare, Cp.
853. Barleeia subtenuis, n. s.=Ifydrobia ?ulvee, Maz. Cat. no. 417 ; but with normal
Barleeoid operculum. On grass, Cp.
353 b. Barleeia ?var. rimata. Whirls more swollen : base chinked.
354., Barkcia haliotiphila, n. s. Longer, narrower, much smaller. On If. splendent.
355. Amphithalamus inclusus, n. g., n. s. Habit of minute Nematura ; labrum n"t
contracted, but labium in adult travels forward to meet it; leaving a chamber
behind. 1\ ucleus cancellated : base bluntly ribbed.
142
ON MOLLL'SCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
657
Nutt.
Jew.
B.4.
1 Smiths. Ins. Ken.
Lord.
Swan.
Cooper.
356. PAmphithalamus lacunatus
35". Truncatella Califbruica . .
358. Jetfrevsia Alderi
—
?B
C
B
B
B
B
B
B
— /
C
C
C
0
C
D
II
%
L
L
M
D
P
—
V
D
D
D
D
MB
MI
D
DI
DI
I
DI
MDI
D
BDI
D
M
D
359. — translucens
360. Cithna albida
361. Diala marmorea
36^ acuta
—
363 Stvliferina turrita . .
364. Had ins variabilis
365 Luponia spadicea
306. Trivia Californica
ft ;7 Solandri
368. Erato vitellina
ft09. coluinbella
370. Myurella simplex
371. Drillia inermis
372. incisa
373. moesta
374. torosa . ....
374 b. ?var. aurantia ....
356. ? Amphithalamus lacunatus, n. s. Same nucleus ; base chinked, not keeled.
(Adult not found.)
Family Truncatellidce.
357. Truncatella Californica, Pfr. Pneum. Viv. Suppl. vol. ii. p. 7.
Family Jeffreysiad<e.
358. Je/reysia Alderi, Cpr. Maz. Cat no! 420.
359. Jeffreysia translucens, n. s. Possibly a Barleeia : pillar thickened, base rounded,
360. Cithna albida, n. s. Very close to C. tumens, Maz. Cat. no. 421, but umbilicus
angled, not keeled.
Family Planaxidee.
361. Diala marmorea, n. s. Solid, glossy, clouded with red : base faintly angled.
362. Diala acuta, n. s. Base flattened, sharply angled : turrited. Beh.-10 fin. Cp.
363. Styliferina turrita, n. s. Minute, slender, base rounded.
Family Ooulidce.
364. Radius variabilis, C. B. Ad. Maz. Cat. no. 435. Probably exotic.
Family Cyprteida.
365. Luponia spadicea, Gray. Like onyx, but light-coloured.
366. Trivia Californica, Gray. Small : ribs sharp, distant.
367. Trivia Solandri, Gray. Maz. Cat. no. 441. From Southern fauna. Sta. Barb.
and St. Nich. Is. common, Cp.
368. Erato vitellina, Hds. Sulph. Large, wide-mouthed : paries callous.
369. Erato columbella, Mke.=leucophcea, Gld. Maz. Cat. p. 537. Perhaps a var. of
Maugerce, from the tropics. 20-40 fm. c. Cp.
Suborder TOXIFERA. Family Terebridce.
370 MtjureUa simplex, n. s. Sculpture very faint and variable : shape of albocincta.
c. Cp.
Family Pieurotomida.
371. Drillia inermis, Hds. Sulph. Early whirls close sculptured. Beach-16 fm.
living. Cp.
372. Drillia incisa, n. s. Like inermis : spiral sculpture grooved, not raised.
373. Drillia mceata, n. s. Like large luctuosa : middle whirls with long transverse
ribs and posterior knobs ; adult obsolete.
374. Drillia torosa, n. s. Whirls rounder, olivaceous : with one row of strong bosses
throughout : no posterior knobs.
374 b. Drillia Fvar. aurantia. Orange, withsutural riblet and faint spiral sculpture.
1863.
C58
REPORT— 18G3.
— —
Nutt.
Jew.
B.A.
Smiths. Ins.
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.
Cooper.
375 Drillia penicillata
L
p
377. Mangelia levidensis ....
378. tabulata
—
—
—
P
—
V
V
—
379 interfossa
v
380. crebricostata
381 varie^ata
—
B
—
—
—
—
V
—
381 b. ?var. nitens
B
382 angulata
B
p
M
383. Bela fidicula
P
P
v
384. excurrata
P
385. ? Daphnella aspera
M
380. ? filosa
B
387. ? effusa
v
388. Conus Califomicus .
B
0
D
DI
389. Obeliscus Pvariegatus ....
390. Odostomia nuciformis
390 6. ?var. avellana
391. satura ....
—
L
~ "
V
V
v
D
391 b. ?var. Gouldii
392. gravida
—
R
—
—
—
—
V
D
393 inflata
v
375. Drillia penicillata, n. s. Like inermis, with delicate brownish pencilling s.
376. Drillia* cancellata, ? n. s. Like the young of incisa, but nodosely cancellated.
377. Mangelia levidensis, n. s. Stumpy, purplish brown, with rough sculpture.
378. Mangelia tabulata, n. s. Stout, strongly shouldered, coarsely cancellated. Pillar
abnormally twisted.
379. Mangelia interfossa, n. s. Like attenuata, delicately cancellated.
380. Mangelia crebricostata, n. s. Like septangularis, with closely set ribs.
381. Mangelia variegata, n. s. Small, slender, thin, zoned with brown : 9 narrow
ribs, and strong spiral striae.
381 b. Mangelia ?var. nitens. Glossy : spiral lines almost obsolete.
382. Mangelia angulata, n. s. Shape of variegata, but brown, whirls broad, angular.
383. Belajidicula, Old. E.E. Very close to turricula, var. 8-10 fm. Lyall
384. Bcla excurvata, n. s. Like Trevelliana : stumpy, Chrysalloid.
385. ? Daphnella^ aspera, n. s. Elongated, with coarse fenestration.
386. ? Daphnella^ Jilosa, n. s. Small, diamond-shaped, but rounded periphery;
spirally threaded.
387. tDaphndla\ effusa, nom. prov. Thin, extremely drawn-out, sculpture faint.
Family Conidce.
388. Conus Califomicus, Hds. Sulph.=ran/s, Gld. Chestnut, plain.
Suborder PKOBOSCIDIFERA. Family Pyramidellidee.
Ooeliscus ?variegatus, n. s. From Gulf fauna. Periphery with spiral groove.
Colour-pattern clouded.
390. Odostomia nuciformis, n. s.
390 b. Odostomia ?var. avellana.
Very large, solid, Tomatelloid.
Shape of conoidalis.
391. Odostomia satura, n. s. Large, with swollen whirls like JBithinia similis.
391 b. Odostomia ?var. Gouldii. Taller, base gently rounded.
392. Odostomia gravida, Gld. Otia. Like c&noidalis, but nucleus minute.
393. Odostomia inflata, n. s. Like large dolioliformis : with most minute spiral
striulation. Farallone Is. On Hal. rufescens, teste Darbishire.
* A peculiar group of species, resembling CUonella (marine, teste Stimpson.)
t Generic position of all these doubtful : perhaps they belong to genera not yet
eliminated : Jilosa resembling the Eocene foiius Itcwetn' Conus and Ptcurrtoma.
144
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
659
Nuti.
Jew.
B.A.
Smiths. Ins.
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.
Cooper.
304. Odostomia straminea ....
£95. tenuisculpta
—
—
—
H
—
—
V
c
396. Chrysallida cincta . . . .
\
I
397. pumila
398. Dunkeria laminata . . .
—
B
—
—
—
—
—
DI
D
399. Chemnitzia trident at a . .
400. chocolata
—
B
—
—
P
—
—
MD
D
4 05. var. aurantia
401. tenuicula
—
B
B
B
—
P
—
—
1)
4016. ?var. subcuspidata . .
402. crebrifilata
—
B
—
—
—
—
D
403 torquata
B
P
v
4036. — — ?var. stylina
B
M
404. virgo
405. Eulima micans
—
B
—
—
P
—
v
DI
407 rutila
M
408. thersites
—
B
—
—
—
—
—
394. Odostomia straminea, n. s. Like tall var. of inflata, with straw-coloured epi-
dermis, not striulate.
395. Odostomia tenuiscidpta, n. s. Like sublirulata, Maz. Cat. no. 487, with obsolete
sculpture throughout.
396. Chrysallida cincta, n, s. Passing towards Mumiola. Radiating sculpture very
faint.
397. Chrysallida pumila, n. s. Like ovulum, Maz. Cat. no. 512, but slender ; spiral
lines delicate.
398. Dunkeria laminata, n. s. Subgenus of Chemnitzia, with rounded whirls : typical
species. Aspect of Fenella, finely cancellated.
399. Chemnitzia tridentata, n. s. Large, chestnut : 19-24 ribs, evanescent at peri-
phery : waved interspaces with 8-10 spiral grooves : labrum with 3 teeth,
hidden as in Obeliscus : base round.
400. Chemnitzia chocolata, n. s. Same size and colour : not toothed : base prolonged :
crowded ribs minutely striulate between.
Chemnitzia Pvar. aurantia. Intermediate between the above: orange, base
round ; 26 ribs, striulate between.
Chemnitzia tenuicula, Gld. Otia. Shape of tridentata dwarfed: whirls flatter,
base prolonged, spiral grooving strong.
Chemnitzia Pvar. subcuspidata. Kibs more distant, muricated at sutures.
Chemnitzia crebrifilata, n. s. Slender, whitish : with 8 spiral threads passing
over 24 ribs, evanescent round base.
Chemnitzia torquata, Gld. Otia = Vancouverensis, Gld. Ribs truncated before
periphery, leaving plain band above sutures.
Chemnitzia Pvar. stylina. Like torquata, tapering, less swollen in front, with
more ribs, band less marked.
404. Chemnitzia virgo, n. s. Very slender, with short, smooth base : 18 ribs, evanes-
cent at periphery, and 8 spiral grooves.
401.
401 b
402.
403.
Family Eulimidce.
405. Eulima micans, ? n. s. Perhaps a small var. of the European polita* 30-40 fm.
living. Cp.
406. Eulima compacta, ? n. s. Small, with blunt spire and elongated base.
407. Eulima rutila, ? n. s. Leiostracoid, rosy, base lengthened. Like
Maz. Cat. no. 551.
408. Eulima thersites, n. s. Very broad, short, twisted.
10 145
REPORT — 1863.
Nutt
Jew.
B.A.
Smiths. Ins.
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.
Cooper. 1
409. Scalaria Indianorum ....
4095. pyrtr. tincta
—
—
—
L
—
—
V
1)
410. PCumino-ii
I)
4106. Pgracilis
D
411 subcoronata . . ,
Al
412 -— — crebricostata
MI)
413 bellastrlata
Al
414. Opalia borealis
P
v
415. ?var. insculpta ....
416. sponoiosa
—
B/*'.
—
—
—
Al
417. retiporosa
I
418. bullata
B
419. Cerithiopsis tuberculata. .
420. columna
—
B
— !
—
—
—
V
v
MD
Al
421 munita .
v
422. purpurea
B
MD
423 fortior
R
424. assimilata
I
425 Triforis ?ad versa
y
I
426. Cancellaria modesta ....
—
—
—
—
—
—
V
Family Scalariadce.
409. Scalaria Indianorum, P n. s. Between Titrtonis and communis : like " Geor-
(fettina, Kien. Mus. Cum. no. 34, Brazil/'
409 &. Scalaria ?var. tincta. Purple-brown behind: like rcgularis, without spiral
sculpture.
410. Scalaria ?Cumingii, Cpr. P.Z.S. 1856, p. 165.
410 &. Scalaria ?gracilis, Sby. in Mus. Cum.
411. Scalaria subcorotuita, n. s. Like young communis, with more and sharper ribs,
faintly coronated when adolescent.
412. Scalaria crebricostata, n. s.=Mus. Cum. no. 32: 15 sharp reflexed ribs, coro-
nated against the sutures.
413. Scalaria bettastriata, n. s. Shape like pretiosa, jun. : ribs very close, spinous
at shoulder, crossed by spiral riblets.
414. Opalia borealis, Gld. E. E. Very close to austmlis : obsolete forms like Ocho-
tensis, Midd.
415. Opalia (?crenatoides, var.) imcidpta. Like the C. S. L. form and crenaia, but
ribs closer, without spiral sculpture, sutural holes behind the basal rib.
416. Opalia spongiosa, n. s. Like small, veiy slender gramdata: surface riddled
with deep punctures in spiral rows.
417. Opalia retiporosa, n. s. Sculpture in network, with deep holes. 40 fm. d. r. Cp.
418. Opalia buttata, n. s. Shape of Rissoina : with sutural bosses : no basal rib.
Family Cerithiopsidce.
419. Cerithiopsis tubercidata, Mont. fhbs. &Hanl. Agrees with the British rather
than with the Mazatlan form, Cat. no. 557.
420. Cerithiopsis columna, n. s. Very tall : nodules close, like strung figs.
421. Cerithiopsis munita, n. s. Stout: strono-ly sculptured : base evenly ribbed.
422. Cerithiopsis purpurey, n. s. Stained with purple : nodules fine : base finely
lirate.
423. Cerithiopsis fortior, n. s. Sculpture open : strong basal rib.
424. Cerithiopsis assimilata, C. B. Ad. Maz. Cat. no. 563. With spiral keels. Prom
Southern fauna.
425. Triforis ?adversa, Mont. Fbs. & Hani. Agrees with British specimens. 10-
40 fm. v. r. Cp.
Family Cancellariada.
-420. Cimcellaria modesta, n. s. Like Trickotrojris borealis, with two slanting |r<vjta
and spiral ribs travelling up the paries. See also p. 615; nos. 403, 8t7.
146
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
r-
Nutt.
Jew.
B.A.
Smiths. Ins.
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.
Cooper.
427. Trichotropis cancellata . .
428. inermis . . ....
C
C
"c
B
B
B
B
C
B
p
p
p
p
p
c
00
¥
ID
VP
L
i
F
D
M
P
~P
P
P
P
P
P
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
D
D
M
BD
DI
MI
MDI
D
DI
MDI
D
429. Velutina Isevigata
430. prolongata
431. Natica clausa
432. Lunatia Lewisii
433. pallida
434. Neverita Recluziana ....
435. Priene Oregonensis
436. Ranella Californica
437. Mitra maura
438. Marginella Jewettii ....
439. subtrigona
440. regularis
441. Volutella pyriformis ....
442. Volvarina varia .
443. Olivella biplicata
V
V
444. bsetica
427. Trichotropis cancellata, Hds. Sulph. Sculpture strong, open. Epidermis bristly.
428. Trichotropis inermis, Hds. Sulph. Sculpture faint : not bristly.
429.
430.
431.
432.
433.
434.
435.
436.
438.
439.
440.
441.
4*2.
443.
444.
Family Velutinidce.
Velutina lavigata. Linn. Fbs. & Hani. Exactly accords with British speci-
mens. ? = Kamtschatkana, Desh.
Velutina prolongata, n. s. Spire very small. Labrum produced in front.
Family Naticida.
Natica clausa, Brod. & Sby. Umbilicus closed. Operc. shelly. Circumboreal.
Lunatia Lewisii, Gld. E. E. = hercul&a, Midd. Whirls flattened behind. Abun-
dant on beach, Cp.
Lunatia pallida, Br. & Sby. = caurina+soluta, Gld. Globular, compact, whitish.
Boreal.
Neverita Recluziana, Petit, Eve. Large, solid, raised, with brown grooved
lump on pillar. Also Guaymas.
Family Tritonidce.
Priene Oregonensis, Redf. Like cancellata, but coarser sculpture. 6fm. Lyall.
Ranella Californica, Hds. Sulph. Scarcely differs from fine specimens of R.
ventricosa, in Mus. Cum.
Family Fasciolarida.
Mitra maura, Swains. Nutt. = orientalis, Gray=' Chilensis, Gray,' Kien. Very
dark and plain. Peru. Sand between rocks, 1. w. Cum. Peru.
Family Marginellidce.
Marginella Jewettii, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 207. Like the Mogador species,
somewhat shorter and broader. 10-20 fm. Cp.
Marginella subtrigona, n. s. Shape of Erato cohtmbella.
Marginella regidaris, n. s. Between Jewettii and minor, C. B. Ad. Maz. Cat.
no. 587. Beach-20 fm. Cp.
Volutella pyriformis, n. s. Genus of Swainson (not D'Orb.) = Closia} Gray.
Like V. margaritula, Maz. Cat. no. 589, but produced in front.
Volvarina varia, Sby. C. S. Lucas, W. Indies.
Family Olivida.
O'ivella biplicata, Sby. Tank. ~ylandinaria, Nutt. Nut-shaped.
Olivella bcetica, n. s. Narrow, dull, thin : has been erroneously called anazara,
teryina, petiolita) and rujifasciata.
147
REPORT 1863.
Nut4.
Jew.
B.A.
Smiths. Ins
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.
Cooper.
pn
P
v
D
416 _^_ perpiiiftiis
B
o
(?P)L
BDI
•
I
448. mendica
f)
p
POF
P
V
v
MD
449. Cooperi
450 teo-ula
—
?
T,f!
L
DI
D
B
P
VD
P
V
v
M
452 ? Californiana ....
"R
n
Bfs
y
MDI
4-54. ? chrysalloidea ....
455 P undata
—
—
—
—
—
D
I
456. ? Truncaria corrugata ....
457. Columbella carinata ....
4576 ^vctr Hindsii ... .
—
B
B
0
c
D
VPFMI
P
—
V
v
DI
MDI
MD
458. Purpura crispata
o
F
f!
VPOF
P
V
V
F
459. canaliculata
VF
V
V
460. saxicola
_
n
o
VPF
P
v
V
FI
4006 var fuscata
p
v
460 c. var. emarginata . .
±QOd var ostrina
B
B
F
c
c
D
POC
P
v
v
D
FD
Family Buccinida.
445. Nassa fossata, Gld. E. E. = eleyans, Rve. non Desh. Large, broad, flattened spire.
446. Nassa perpinguis, Hds. Sulph. Same type, smaller, rounder, narrower.
447. Nassa inscidpta, n. s. Zeuxis, with varix and non-reflexed callus. Spirally
grooved. 40 fm. living, r. Op.
448. Nassa mendica, Gld. E. E. -f Gibbesii, Coop. = Woodivardii, Fbs. Very variable :
some forms approach, trivittata.
449. Nassa Cooperi, Fbs. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 273. Like mendica, with 7 distant ribs,
and fine spiral sculpture.
450. Nassa tegula, Rve. Maz. Cat. no. 624. From Southern fauna.
451. Amycla gausapata, Gld. E. E. (Genus rearranged for Columbellids with Nas-
soid opercula, probably including Alia and Astyris.) Strong, solid, varie-
gated, smooth.
452. Amycla ? Californiana, Gask. P. Z. S. 1851, p. 12. Whirls more swollen.
453. Amycla tulerosa, n. s. Very close to minor, Scacchi, but with different nu-
cleus. 8-10 fm. c. Cp.
454. ? Amycla chrysalloidea, n. s. Shape of Truncaria eurytoides, but mouth not
effuse : spirally fun-owed. Shoal-water, Op.
455. ? Amycla ttndata, n. s. Like stumpy, small corrugata, with waved sculpture.
40 fm. not r. Cp.
456. ? Truncaria corrugata, Rve. Conch. Ic. (" Succinum:" " Pisania," Add. May
be an Amycla.) Large, with waved ribs and spiral striae. Dwarfed at 40
fm. Cp.
457. " Columbella " carinata, Hds. Sulph. Small, turrited, smooth, with stout pos-
terior keel. (Perhaps Amycla.) Beach, Cp.
4576. Columbella ?var. Hindsii, Rve. Keel shorter, till it ceases, as in gamapata.
Family Purpuridee.
458. Purpura crispata, Chem.=:plicata, Mart. = lactuca, ~Esch.=septentrionalis, Rve.
-f &c. Large, strong, canal distinct, smooth or foliated.
459. Purpura canaliculata, T)iicl.=:dccemco8tata, Midd.-\-aUenuata,~Rve.-}-analo(jra,
Fbs. With elegant spiral grooves. Chrysodomoid.
400. Purpura saxicola^ ?i\. — lapillus, Coop. Like the Atlantic species, rough, pillar
scooped, with brown spiral lines.
4606. Purpura var. fuscata, Fbs. Raised thin form, dull, with faint sculpture.
460c. Purpura var. emarginata, Desh. Short, swollen, with scaly sculpture.
400 d. Purpura var. ostrina, Gld. E. E. Short, swollen, nearly smooth.
148
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
663
Nutt,
Jew.
B.A.
.Smiths. Ins.
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.
Cooper.
4(51. Monoceros engonatum . .
4616. ?var. spiratum . . . .
462. lapilloides
463. Ocinebra lurida and vars.
434. interfossa . ...
B
B
"o
¥
BA
?B
B
"i
C
B
B/«.
C
C
0
C
C
D
—
L
LC
P
?
A
D
D
FI
MI
L
PODI/a.
L
I
M
(§
D
V
P
P
P
P
P
?Pjn
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
DI
I
I
M jun.I
Mjun.
DI
?D
D
MD
D
MBDI
465. ? Poulsoni
466. Cerostoma foliatum ....
467. Nuttallii
468. monoceros
469. Chorus Belcheri
470. Nitidella Gouldii
471. Pedicularia Californica . .
472. Pteronotus fe stivers
473. Muricidea Californica ....
474. Trophon multicostatus . .
475 Orpheus
476. triancrulatus
I
BD
?I
477. Siphonalia Kellettii
478. fuscotincta
479. Chrysodomus tabulatus . .
480. liratus
461. Monoceros engonatum, Conr.=unicarinatum, Sby. Brown-dotted, with sharp
posterior keel, smoothish. Beach, Cp.
4616. Monoceros ?var. spiratum (Blainv.). Light colour ; scaly; horn not developed.
462. Monoceros lapilloides, Conr.=j9WHefotfMm,Gray-f brevidens, Com-. Not should-
ered : shape of lapillus.
463. Ocinebra lurida, Midd. (Genus reconstituted for Muricoid Purpurids with
irregular varices.) Like canaliculata, brown, with swelling ribs. Beach on
Cat. Is. living. Cp.
463b.Ocinebra var. aspera, Baird. Sculpture rough.
463 c. Ocinebra var. munda. Tall, with faint sculpture.
464. Ocinebra interfossa, n. s. Purple- brown, with latticed sculpture.
465. ? Ocinebra Poulsoni, Nutt. Shape like M. monoceros, with brown spiral lines.
466. Cerostoma foliatum, Gmo[.=:monodon, Esch. Large, with winged varices.
467. Cerostoma Nuttallii, Conr. Smaller, pear-shaped : interstices scarcely sculptured.
468. Cerostoma monoceros, Sby. Spire raised : whirls rough, rounded.
469. Chorus Belcheri, Hds. Sulph. Very large, with irregular varices like Trophon.
L. w. com. Cp.
470. Nitidella Gouldii, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 208. Slender : like thin A. gausapata,
with Purpuroid operc.
471. Pedicularia Californica, Newc. Small, purple, highly sculptured.
Family Muricida.
472. Pteronotus festivus, Hds. Sulph. Form irregular ; frills reflexed.
473. Muricidea Calif arnica, Hds. Sulph. Varices faintly developed. L.w.-20fm. Cp.
474. Trophon multicostatus t Esch. = Guaneri, Lov. live. Frills spiny behind : not
sculptured spirally. Circumpolar.
Trophon Orpheus, Gld. E. E. Like the iasfe, with distant spiral riblets.
Trophon triangulatus, n. s. Typhoid shape : frills triangular, white. 60 fm. Cp.
Siphonalia Kdlettii, Fbs. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 274. Very lai
475.
476.
477.
swollen whirls. Also Japan. 1 living *6| in. long.
478. Siphonalia fuscotincta, n. s. Like the same in extreme miniature.
479. Chrysodomns tabulatus, Baird, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 66. Large, with posterior keel,
and delicate sculpture. 120 fm. dead, Cat. Is. Cp.
4.80. Chrysodomus liratus, Mart. = dccemcostatus, Midd. (? Say) = MiddendorffH, Coop.
Swollen, with distant keels. Whidby's Is.
149
064
REPORT 1863.
Nutt.
Jew.
B.A.
Smiths. Ins.
Ken.
Lord.
Swan.
Coouer.
481 ChiTSodomus dims
P
VI
P
V
v
432. rectirostris
P
B/>
c
FMI
BDI
484 Macron Kellettii
L
L
pT
485. lividus
L
D
486 Anachis subturrita
D
487. ? penicillata
B
DI
488. Argonauta Argo
I
489. Octopus pimctatus
fFL)
?p
py
I
490. Ommastrephes giganteus .
491 Ayresii
—
—
—
—
I
I
492. Onychoteuthis fusiformis .
—
—
—
?M
?P
—
—
I
481. Chrysodomus dirus, Rve. = ewctsws, Gld. = Sitchensis, Midd. Dark liver, with
spiral grooves.
482. Chrysodomus rectirostris, n. s. Small, white, smooth, with straight canal.
483. Fusus ambustw, Gld. Otia. Close to clavata, Brocchi, from Mediterranean.
Farallone Is. teste Darbishire ; 16 fm. c. Cp.
484. Macron Kellettii, A. Ad. P. Z. S. 1853, p. 185. Large, with blunt keels. Dead,
CO fin. Cat. Is. Cp. .
485. Macron lividus, A. Ad. Small, smooth.
486. Anachis subturrita, n. s. Aspect of small Rissoina. 20 faint ribs : no spiral
sculpture.
487. ? Anachis penicillata, n. s. Small, with Metuloid sculpture. Beach-10 fm. Cp.
Class CEPHALOPODA. Family Argonautida.
488. Argonauta Argo, Linn. auct. Like the Mediterranean form. Hundreds on Sta
. Cruz Is. Cp.
Family Qctopidce.
489. Octopus punctatus, Gabb, Proc. Cal. Ac. 1862, p. 170. S. Clemente Is. Cp.
Family Loligida.
490. Ommastrephes giganteus, D'Orb. Peru. Common at S. Clemente Is. Cp.
491. Ommastrephes Ayresii, Gabb, Proc. Cal. Ac. Huu-ireds on S. Clemente Is. Cp.
492. Onychotcuthis fusiformis, Gabb, Proc. Cal. Ac. 1802. p. 171. " Cape Horn.
Mus. Ac." S. Clemente Is. Cp.
113. It remains to tabulate the shells which have been received from
special localities, south of the State of California, cither by the writer or by
the Smithsonian Institution; -vide Br. Assoc. Rep., par. 77.
The promontory of Lower California has been so little explored, that the
existence of a large inland fiord, in lat. 28°, was not known to the autho-
rities. It appears that the whales have long delighted in its quiet waters;
and those whalers who were in the secret carefully preserved the exclusive
knowledge of so profitable a hunting-ground. All that we know at present
of the molluscs of that region is from collections made at Cerros Island, by
Dr. Ayres and Dr. Yeitsch. They are mostly shore shells, and are sadly
intermixed with an abundance of cowries, cones, strombs, and other clearly
Pacific species, which throw great doubt upon those which may be truly
from the coast. As it is manifestly a " hotbed of spurious species," nothing
can safely be built upon the data, which present a singnlnr intermixture of
northern and southern forms. Excluding the Central Pacific importations,
the lists stand as follows, the temperate species being distinguished (as in the
first Report) by a *, the tropical by a t : —
150
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA,
665
"Sanguinolaria Nuttalli.
*Macoma secta.
Angulus Gouldii.
*fHeterodonax bimaculatus.
*Donax Calif ornicus.
tDonax punctatostriatus.
*Standella ? Californica.
*Pachydesma crassatelloides.
*fAmiantis callosa.
*Chione siinillima.
tC hi one neglecta.
*Tapes staminea, Conr.
t Tapes grata and vars.
*Lucina Californica.
> Lucina bella.
*Mytilus edulis. (One young specimen,
perhaps from San Francisco.)
*Septifer bifurcatus.
tPecten subnodosus, ventricosus.
*Pecten monotimeris and vars.
*Hinnites giganteus.
*tOstrea conchaphila.
*fAnomia Plampe.
Siphonaria Eequilirata.
"fMelampus olivaceus.
Helix arrosa.
*fBulla nebulosa.
*flschnochiton Magdalensis.
*Acmsea persona, var. textilis.
*Trochiscus Norrisii.
*0mphalius Pfuscescens.
*Omphalius aureotinctus.
fCrucibulum imbricatum.
*tCrucibulum spinosum.
tCrepidula arenata and var.
tCerithium uncinatum.
*Cerithidea pullata.
tCerithidea Montagnei.
*Litorina planaxis.
Luponia sp. ind., jim.
tTrivia Solandri.
*Trivia Californica.
Drillia penicillata.
Myurella, sp.
*tNeverita Recluziana.
tNatica Maroccana.
*Scalaria (Ind. var.) tincta.
fBezoardica abbreviata.
fLeucozonia cingulata.
fStrigatella tristis.
*0i:vellabiplicata.
*Purpura ostrina, vars.
fPurpura biserialis.
Monoceros lu^ubre.
fVitularia salebrosa.
Cerostoma monoceros.
Ocinebra Poulsoni.
Chorus Belcheri.
tColumbella fuscata.
*Columbella carinata.
fSfrombina gibberula.
fAnachis coronata.
*fNassa tegula.
fNassa complanata.
Macron Kellettii.
*Macron lividus.
*Acni8ea scabra, var. limatula.
*Acm8ea Pspectrum, jun.
*Lottia gigantea.
*Lucapina crenulata.
*Fissurella volcano.
*Haliotis splendens.
*Haliotis Cracherodii.
*Pomaulax u.ndosus.
Callopoma tessellatuni=Fokkesii.
The shells of Margarita Bay, on the Pacific coast of Lower California, in
lat. 24°, have become known through W. Harper Pease, Esq., of Honolulu,
Sandwich Islands. Through his labours we are likely soon to be favoured
with accurate accounts of the distribution of species in the various parts of
the Pacific Ocean. Already his researches have greatly enriched our know-
ledge of the quaint fauna of the Sandwich Islands, from which he has elimi-
nated the spurious species, and added those erroneously ascribed to California
by previous naturalists. The principal trade from these islands is with San
Francisco ; and " the coast," in Mr. Pease's writings, signifies the coast of
California or (generally) of Western America. Many of our best specimens
of rare West-coast shells have been received from him, and in remarkably
fresh preservation. The Margarita Bay species were obtained by one of his
trained collectors, and are as follows : —
Martesia intercalata.
Saxicava pholadis
Solecurtus violascens.
Hiatula compacta.
'Tellina secta.
Strigilla carnaria (pink).
Seniele Californica,
151
Donax punctatostriatus.
Dosinia ponderosa.
Callista chionaea.
Callista vulnerata (?=tricolor, Pse.).
Chione succincta
Chione gnidia.
Tapes grata.
REPORT 1363.
*Tapes staminea.
Chama frondosa.
Cardiimi procerum.
Liocardium elatum.
Modiola capax.
Modiola Brasiliensis.
Lithophagus attenuatus.
Barbatia gradata.
Pecten ventricosus.
Ostrea Virginica (Maz. Cat.).
*Ostrea lurida, var.
Ostrea conchaphila.
Ostrea amara.
JSiphonaria eequilirata (=leviuscula,
Shy., teste Cuminy).
Siphonaria gigas.
•Helix areolata, Fbs. (The only land-
shell received from the Bay.)
Dentalium tetragonum, Sby.
Dentalium seniipolitum.
Dentalium lacteum, Phil.
Acmsea strigatella.
Acmaea atrata.
Gadinia reticulata.
Calliostoma versicolor.
*Chlorostoma gallina.
"Chlorostoma aureotinctum.
Nerita scabricosta.
Nerita Bernhardi.
Crucibulum spinosum.
Crucibulum imbricatuin.
In the above list, the only strictly
with a *.
Crepidula onyx.
Crepidula excavata.
Galems conicus.
Cerithiuni stercus muscaruni,
Pyrazus incisus and var.
Rhiuoclavis gemmata.
Cerithidea Mazatlanica.
Litorina fasciata.
Litorina aspera, var.
Conus " reticulatus " (Pease). Dead.
Conus " emarginatus " (Pease). Dead
Conus interruptus.
Neverita Reciuziana.
Polinices bifasciata.
Cancellaria urceolata.
Cancellaria goniostoma.
" Cyprcecassis testiculus " [perhaps
tenuis],
Malea ringens.
Priene nodosa.
Oliva subangulata.
Oliva porphyria.
Pui*pura patula.
Purpura biserialis.
*Purpura ostrina. [Normal, living.]
Vitularia salebrosa.
Monoceros lugubre, var.
Cerostoma monoceros.
Nassa tegula.
Siphonalia anomala.
Phyllonotus nigritiib.
Californian species are those marked
The following species have been received from La Paz, besides those tabu-
lated in Major Rich's list, p. 541, in the C. S. L. list, p. 619. and the B. A.
Rep. p. 352. It is clear that the fauna of the district is essentially tropical,
and remarkably free from Californian species.
Dentalium semipolitum.
Turritella punctata.
Modulus cerodes.
Olivella ful-gida, Lieut. Trowbridge [teste W. Cooper j but probably added by
him accidentally from his W. African collections. It has not been received
from any other West-coast source].
Siphonalia modificata. Dead.
A very interesting series of shells were collected at Guaymas and Pmacati
Bay, by Capt. Stone and Mr. Sloat. The latter gentleman affixed MS. names
to those which he regarded as new. They were in remarkably beautiful
condition, the bivalves having an unusually porcellanous aspect, and many
of the species presenting local peculiarities.
Mulinia carinulata, Desh.,= Mactra modesta, Sloat MS.
Dosinia ponderosa. Very large.
Chione Jluctifraya, Sby.,= V. Coj-tezi, Sloat MS. [=gibbosula (Desh.), Rvev=
cattosa, Sby., non Conr.l
Chione succincta,V&l.,= valiforniensis, Brod.,= V. crassa, Sloat MS. [Very
variable in sculpture ; also, with the last, varies greatly in shape, some of the
specimens being much produced, others rounded.]
Chione gnidia, Brod. Passing into amathusia.
152
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 667
Chione pulicaria, Sby., var.,= V. Pinacatensis, Sloat MS. Sculpture pressed
smooth in the middle.
Cardium elatum. Fine.
Cardium procerum. Fine.
Modiola capax. " Choros." Also Sta. Inez Bay.
Modiola Brasiliensis. (Typical.)
Byssoarca Paciftca.
Ostrea conchaphila et amara, Maz. Cat. 215.
Chiton (Lophyrus) Stokesii. Also San Salvador, Capt. Dow.
Callopomajluctuatum.
Bivonia contorta.
Turritella goniostoma.
Turritella tigrina (light var.),= leucostoma, Val.
Cerithidea albonodosa. Common. [Probably a var. of Mc:zatlanica.~\
Strombus gracilior. Also Mulege Bay.
Neverita Recluziana. [Operc. strong, horny.]
Manella triquetra. [Operc. sub-Buccinoid,*Wal ; nucleus internal, near middle
of labrum ; scar with few ridges, as in Purpura."]
Oliva angidata. Not rare.
Oliva Cumingii, very callous var.
Agaronia testacea.
Monoceros lugubre. Very tall var.
Phyllonotus nigritus. Very large, of form described by Philippi, with Pholacls
in situ. Agiobampo Bay.
Phyllonotus bicolor. [Operc. thin, without frills or raised layers ; of uniform
colour.] Also Angeles Bay.
To these may be added, from a second voyage by Capt. Stone to the
northern part of the Gulf of California, and in equally good condition —
Area grandis. Agiobampo Bay.
Callista semilamettosa. Agiobampo Bay.
Lazaria pectunculus (teste C uming). St. Luis Bay.
Cardium consors. St. Luis Bay.
Avicula Peruviana. Mulege Bay.
Lucina tigerrina. Very fine. San Marcos Island.
Margaritiphorajimbriata. u Topo."
Janira dentata [_ — excavataj Val.J. "Caballito del mar," St. Luis Bay.
Sulla nebulosa. " Huevitos."
Glyphis in&qualis. St. Luis Bay.
Crucibulum imbricatum. St. Luis Bay.
Cyprcea exanthema. (Large.) Cape de Haro.
Myurella variegata. Mulege Bay.
Solarium gramdatum et var. quadriceps. Agiobampo Bay.
Polinices bifasciata. Angeles Bay.
Cypracassis tennis [= Marsence, Kien.]. Carmeu Island.
Harpa crenata. Very fine. Mulege Bay.
Bezoardica abbreviata. Mulege Bay.
Ficula decussata. Angeles Bay.
Pynda patula. Agiobampo Bay.
Malea ringens. Lobos Island.
Argonauta Mans. 1 fine sp. Upper part of Gulf of California.
To the Guaymas fauna must be added, from Dr. Gould's portion of the
same collection, " Pecten pyxidatus" [?=subcrenatus, jun.). Also from the
collection of the Calif. Ac. Nat. Sc., Nassa nodocinrtfi, A. Ad. [Galapagos,
Owning']. On comparing these lists with the shells given in B. A. Hep.
p. 352 (in which the Venus quoted is not " staminea, Conr.," but a southern
species), it will be seen that the fauna of the upper part of the Gulf, as fur
north as it has been explored, is essentially tropical. The Chione fltu
153
COS
REPORT— 1863.
and C. succincta, however, and the Polinic.es Recliiziana indicate a connexion
with California which may have been, at a previous age, more direct than at
present.
114. (See first Report, pars. 79-83.) Acapulco being notorious for the
exotic species quoted in its fauna, it is desirable to examine all authentic
collections from that prolific locality. The Smithsonian series were ob-
tained by Dr. Newberry * (N.\ after his Pacific R. K. Explorations (vide
p. 593) ; by Mr. Belcher (B.) ; and by the Rev. J. Eowell (R.), who obtained
them principally from the valves of the large oysters. The private collec-
tions of Judge Cooper, Col. Jewett (J.), and other American naturalists have
also afforded valuable information. The species from these various sources,
which were also found by Mr. Xantus, are tabulated with his Cape St. Lucas
series, anted, pp. 619-626. The following have not been obtained from the
northern localities : —
Corbula nuciformis, J.
Corbula ovulata, and smooth var., B., J.
JMacha5ra patula, var., N. [Surely im-
ported.]
Sano-uinolaria miniata, J., N., D.
Tellina princeps, B. j punicea, -N., B. ;
opercularis, N.
Strigilla carnaria, pale and crimson vars.,
N.,B.
Semele proxima, J. ; pulchra, J., N. ;
venusta, J.
Donax carinatus, J., N. j rostratus, J. j
transversus, N.
Trigona Hindsii, J.
Mactrella carinata, Lam. , = alata, Spengl.,
N. [Perhaps imported.]
Dosinia Anna3, N.
Callista circinata, J. ; semilamellosa, N.,
B. ; spinosissima, B.
Ohione amathusia, N.
jttupellaria foliacea, R.
Petricola ventricosa, R.
( 'hama corrugata, R.
Ciirdium Paculeatum, jun., N. [proba-
bly from ballast] ; graniferum, N.
Lucina Ppectinata, var., J. [More like
imbricatula, W. I. ; perhaps .Jamaican.]
Diplodonta semiaspera, R.
Pelania tellinoides, var., J. [More like
subglobosa, W. I. j perhaps Jamaican.]
Corbicula Pconvexa, 1 worn valve, N.
Scapharca bifrons, N. j labiata, B.
Noetia reversa, J., B.
Argina brevifrons, N.
AxinsBa parcipicta [=multicostata],
J., N. ; pectenoides, J. ; insequalis, J.
Lima angulata, J.
Ostrea megodon [P.Z. S. 1845;p. 106], N.
Auomia lanipe, J.
Tornatina infrequens, B.
Dentalium Phexagonum, var., B.
Fissurella nigropunctata, J. j Pmacro-
trema, J. ; alba, jun., B. (1 worn sp.)
Calliostoma lima, var. aequisculpta, N. j
Leanum, J.
Senectus squamigerus, J.
Galerus coiiicus, N. ; mauiillaris, N.
Crepidula nivea, R. ; incurva, N.
Ttirritella Banksii, N. ; leucostoma, S.
Ampullaria Columbiensis, R. [West
^lex^co ; locality uncertain.]
Truncatella Bairdiana, B.
Radius avena, J.
Cypnea exanthema, N.
Luponia finibriolata, Beck, N. [Pro-
bably imported, and perhaps an im-
perfectly developed form of semipo-
lita, Mio-h.]
Terebra tuberculosa, ^V.
Drillia incrassata, B. ; eburnea, n. s.,
R. [W.Mexico; locality uncertain.]
Maugelia subdiaphana, J.
Conus iuterruptus, Br. fy Sby.t B. j ma-
hogani, N. ; puncticulatus, N.
Eulima hastata, R.
Eulima, like yod, R.
Eulimella, sp. (worn), B.
Chemnitzia tenuilirata, B.
Fasciolaria, sp. [size of tulipa, but with
row of knoos and serrated lip], JV.
Latirus castaneus, N.
Volvarina Pfusca, J. [More regularly
cylindrical than the W. I. specimens,
broader in proportion near suture
and at base, spire much shorter ; but
locality uncertain.]
Oliva Julietta, B. 1 worn sp. [proba-
bly imported] ; Pkaleontina, dead, N.
* jThe collections of Dr. Newberry passed principally into the hands of Dr. E. Fore-
man, late of Washington, who kindly presented a series to the Mus. Smiths.
' 154
ON MOL1.USCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
Agaroma testacea, N.
Riiizocheilus madreporarum. 2 living
sp. on coral, J.
Columbella uncinata,*/". ; hmnerosa, n. s.}
R. ; varians, var., N. [PImported from
Sandw. Is.]
Nassa coliaria, N. ; ambigua, TV/owf., teste
Hani.. N. [Probably imported from
W.I.]
Anacbis coronata, N. ; Californica, J".
Muricidea alveata, J.
Phyllonotus brassica, N.
The following species are part of a collection received at the Smithsonian
Inst. from Real Llejos, and fill up gaps which existed in the Central Ameri-
can fauna at the time of the first Report : —
Discina Cumingii. Caecum liratocinctum.
Trigona Hindsii.
Hemicardium obovale.
Crassatella gibbosa.
Kellia suborbicularis.
Barbatia mutabilis.
Noetia reversa.
Axinaea Pmulticostata.
Fissurella rugosa.
Phasianella perforata.
Omphalius viridulus.
Hipponyx barbatus.
Caecum laeve.
Cerithium interruptum, var.
Barleeia subtenuis.
Aricia punctulata.
Terebra strigata.
Cerithiopsis assimilata.
Triforis alternata.
Olivella gracilis.
PNitidella millepunctata.
Northia pristis.
Pisania sanguinolenta.
The collections received at the Smithsonian Inst. from Panama consist, in the
main, of species already tabulated from that region. The following, however,
are new to that well-searched portion of the fauna : —
Tellina striata (teste Cuming), Rowell, Pease.
Tellina (Angulus) amplectcms, n. s., Rowell, Pease.
Adula stylina. | Californian species : either ballast or error in num-
Pecten aquisulcatus, jun. j bering : Rowell.
Litorina. Small spotted species, n. s., teste Cuming, but appears identical
with the W. Indian : probably imported : Roivell.
Fluminicola, sp., Rowell.
Drillia albolaqueata , n. s., Rowell.
Natica catenata, Rowell.
Cmna costata, Rowell.
115. The Pulmonates of the Pacific slope h.Lve not formed a special study
with the writer of this Report, as they were already in the abler hands of
Messrs. Binney, Bland, and other eminent T> ansatlantic naturalists. The
opinions of Mr. Binney as to synonymy, &c., with descriptions of new
species and details of those previously known, were given in papers pub-
lished in the ' Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil.' as follows: — " Descriptions of American
Land Shells," Feb. 1857; "Notes on American Land Shells," Oct. 1857,
May 1858, Nov. 1858, July 1859 : and also in the « Proc. Bost. N. H. S.,'
<• Description of two supposed new species of American Land Shells," Apr.
1857. These are embodied in ' The Terrestrial Air-Breathing Molluscs of the
United States and the adjacent Territories of North America,' vol. iv., by
W. U. Binney, Boston, 1859. It was first printed in the « Boston Journal
of Natural History,' vol. vii., and is intended as a Supplement to the great
treatise by his father, vols. i.-iii., on the same subject. It is impossible to
speak in too high terms of commendation of the manner in which this work
has been prepared and executed, and of the beautiful figures drawn by Otto
K o'liler. The more matured views of the author were embodied in the
' Check-List of the Terrestrial Gasteropoda of North America,' published by
the Smithsonian Inst., June 1860, of which a second edition was soon issuco.
The species were divided into three series, — (1) those of the Pacific coast,
155
670 REPORT— 1863.
trom the extreme north, to Mazatlan ; (2) those of eastern N. A., from the
boreal regions to the Rio Grande ; (3) those found in Mexico, to which sixteen
from the first series are added. The freshwater Pulmonates are catalogued
by the same most industrious author, in the ' Check-List of the Fluviatile
Gasteropoda of N". America,' which contains the Melaniadce, Paludinidcr,
Ampullariadce, Valvatidce, and Limnceidce ; the West Coast species being dis-
tinguished by the letter W, and the Mexican by M. Mr. Binney next under-
took a monograph of the Paludinidce, &c., the proofs of which were widely
distributed in 1862. Afterwards, assisted by the extensive series of speci-
mens received from the Smithsonian Museum, and with access to those of
the principal public and private collections in the U. S., and with the benefit
of Say's types preserved in the Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil., he prepared a preliminary
synopsis of the Limnceidce, with full synonymy, proofs of which were issued by
the Smithsonian Inst., May 4th, 1863. Last of all, under date Dec. 9, 1863,
the Smithsonian Inst. has distributed proof copies of a complete * Synopsis
of the Species of Air-Breathing Molluscs of N. A., as eliminated from their
synonyms by Mr. Binney'*. Of all these works the author not only sent the
earliest slip -proofs to assist in the preparation of this Report, but in several
instances took the pains to write separately what related to the W. coast,
and even sent the manifold-duplicate of part of the printer's copy. It is not
considered necessary to tabulate each of these publications separately, as
they can easily be obtained by post, on application to Professor Henry,
Washington, B.C. The following list embodies — (1) the classification and
nomenclature of Dec. 9th, 1863; (2) the synonymy as given in previous
synopses ; and (3) the localities and authorities supplied by Mr. Binney in
MS. The following reservation requires attention : — " As a mere proof,
which will undoubtedly receive many corrections, this list should not be
quoted as authority, or referred-to as a published work."
Mr. Binney' 's Arrangement of the West Coast Pulmonates.
t The species thus marked have not been seen by Mr. Binney.
PHANEROPNEUMONA.
ECTOPHTHALMA. (None known in the region.)
OPISTHOPHTKALMA. Fam. Truncatellidce.
1. Truncatetta California, Pfr.,+ T. gracilcnta, Gld. S. Diego, Cooper. [Comp.
Maz. Cat. no. 423.]
PULMONATA.
GEOPHILA. § 1. Vermivora. Fam. Oleacinida.
f2. Glandina (Glandina) turns, Pfr. (= Achatina= Oleaciw, Pfr.) W. Mexico.
Maz. Cat. no. 231.
3. Glandina ( Glandina} Albersi, Pfr. ( = Achatina, Pfr.).,+ G. Albersi, var. turnta,
Cpr. W. Mexico. Maz. Cat. no. 230.
Mr.
and especially ^.. — ..
Nat Hist N. York,' Oct. 1863. In an addendum, he gives a list of the Pacific species,
with an account of two "genera" not represented in the eastern division. Mr. Binney
continuing Mr. Bland's labours, issues the species for the most part in the trinomial
nomenclature, which now appears to be taking the place of the Linnean binomial system.
No attempt is here made to review the work, as the writer felt justified in doing with
reference to marine shells ; the only alterations made consisting of corrections m some of
the citations with which he happened to be more familiar.
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE \VEC5T COAST HF NORTH AMERICA. C7'l
§ 2. Phyttwora. Fam. Hdicida.
Subfam. Vitrinince.
f4. Vitrinn Pfeifferi, Newc. Carson Valley, Cal., Newconib,
o. Binneya notabilis, Cp. Catalina Island, Cal., Cooper.
6. MacrocycUs Newberryana, Bin. S. Diego, common, Newberry.
7. MacrocycUs Vancouver ensis, Lea, jHe/u- F"., Lea, Trosch., Pfr., Gld., Rve.,=
H. vellicata, Fbs., Rve., Pfr.,-j-J7. concava, Binn. VANCOUVER TO CALI-
FORNIA :— Columbia R., JVw#a#, Z7. -S. E. E. ; Puget Sound, U. S. E. E. ;
Vancouver, B. N. P. B. S. ; Oregon City, Newberry j California, Troivbridge ;
St. Joseph's R., 2nd Camp.
76. MacrocycUs [?var.] sportella*, Gld. PUGET SD. TO S. DIEGO : — Puget Sd.,
U. S. E. E. ; Fort Umpqua, Oregon ; S. Diego, Ives, dewberry ; S. Francisco,
Mus. Cal. Ac. j Contra Costa Co., Thomson. " Animal solitary."
Subfam. Helicime.
8. Helix (Patula) strigosa, Gld. INTERIOR BASIN ; N. MEXICO TO BRIT. Air. :
— Int. of Oregon, U. S. E. E. ; Canon Largo, Rio Pedro, N. M., Newberry.
9. Helix (Patula) Cooperi, Bin. California.
10. Helix (Patula) Mazatlanica, Pfr. Mazatlan.
11. Helix \Polygyra) acutedentata, Bin.,+-S. Loisa, Bin. Guaymas. Mazatlan,
Gambel.
12. Helix (Polygyra) ventrosula, Pfr. [No locality given : not " W." in Cneck-
Lists.J
13. Helix (Polygyra) polygyrella, Bland. « W." [teste Check-List, not in MS.]
14. Helix (Stenotrema) germana, Gld. Oregon, U. S. E. E.
15. Helix (Triodopns) Mullani, Bland. WASHINGTON TERRITORY AND OREGON :
— St. Joseph's River, 1st Camp.
16. Helix (Triodopsis) loricata, Gld., Pfr ., = #". Lecontei, Lea. Sacramento River,
U. S. E. E.
17. Helix (Mesodori) Columbiana, Lea, Trosch., Rve., Pfr.,-f JT. labiosa,Gl&., Pfr.
VANCOUVER TO OREGON: — Ft. Vancouver, Nuttall ; Ft. George, U.S.E.E.;
Nootka Sound, Hinds ; Astoria, Drayton ; Oregon Citv, Newberry.
18. Helix (Mesodon) devia. Gld., Pfr., —H.'Saskercillei, Pfr./Rve. Puget Sound,
U. S. E. E. j Oregon.
19. Helix (Aglaid) jidelis, Gray, Mull., Rve.,Pfr.,=^T. Nuttattiana, Rve., Trosch.,
Gld. VANCOUVER TO OREGON :— Puget Sound, Columbia River, U. S. E.E.-,
Esquimault Harb., Lord j Umpqua Valley, Or., and San Francisco, New-
berry j De Fuca, Gibbs j Oregon City, Shunuird ; Ft. Steilacooni, SucUey.
20. Helix (Aglaici) infumata, Gld. San Francisco, Bigelow.
21. Helix (Arianta) arrosa, Gld., =H. <zruginosa, Gld. (nom. preoc.). OREGON,
CALIFORNIA : — San Francisco, Bigelow, Samuels-, Petaluma and Columbia
River, Newberry.
22. Helix (Arianta) Towmendiana, Lea, Trosch., Rve., Pfr., Gld.,+-ff.^ef/e^m
-\-ruida, Gld. OREGON AND CALIFORNIA : — Wahlamat River, Nuttall,
Townsend, U. S. E. E. ; Nisqually, Dyes. ; Puget Sound, Kennerley.
23. Helix (Arianta} tudiculata^iim. WASHINGTON TERRITORY TO CALIFORNIA:
— San Diego, Newberry.
24. Helix (Arianta) Nickliniana, Lea, = H. Calif orniensis, Rve., Pfr. (non Lea),
=fH. arboretorum+nemorivaga,V&l. — Var. =H. anachoreta,TSnm. "Widely
distributed, but solitary," Thompson. CALIFORNIA : — Sacramento River,
U. S. E. E. ; San Francisco, Bigelow ; Tomales, Newberry.
25. Helix (Arianta) redimita, Binn. (jun.),=.H". Nickliniana, var. Binn. (sen.).
California.
* In the Check-List of Dec. 9th, sportella does not appear. It is generally treated by
Mr. Binney as a small variety of Vancouver ensis, with stronger radiating and spiral lines ;
but in the MSS. sent for publication in this Eeport it takes rank as a species. Mr. Bland
considers the two identical ; yet in Add. Gen. the form is thus divided : — "Iberus (Cam-
pylcea) sportella, in fam. HelicidtB" and " Disctis Vancouverensis, in fam. Stenopida"
In Albers it is divided as u MacrocycUs veUicata" " M. Pancouverensis" and "Helix
(Patidd) sportella."
157
Arianta) exarata, Pfr. California.
Arianta) reticidata, Pfr. California.
Arianta) ramentosa, Gld. California, Newcomb.
Arianta) Ayresiana, Newc. Northern Oregon.
Arianta) Bridgesii, Newc. San Pablo, California, Newcomb.
€72 REPORT— 1863.
26. Helix (Arianta) intercisa, Binn. (jun.),= 7/. Nicldi'iiana, yar. Binn. (sen.),
Oregon.
t27. Helix
t28. Helix
t29. Helix
t30. Helix
t31. JTe/tJr
t32. Helix (Arianta) Carpcnteri, Newc. Tulare Valley, California. [Not Carpen-
teriana, Bland ; Florida.]
33. Helix (Ariauta) Calif or niensis, Lea, Trosch., Dekay (non &uct.},=H. vincta,
Vol., Rve., Pfr. CALIFORNIA :— Interior of Cal, U. S. E. E. ; Monterey, Ices.
f34. Helix (Arianta) Mormonum, Pfr. Mormon Is., California.
35. HeKx (Arianta) Dupetithouarsi, Desh., Rve., Pfr., + H. Oregonensis, Trosch.,
Dekay, Pfr. WASHINGTON TERRITORY TO CALIFORNIA. ' Interior of Cal.,
U. S. E. E. ; Puget Sound, Dyes. ; Klamath Lake and Benicia, Newlirry ;
Tulan Lake, Cal. ; Monterey, Trowbridge ; San Diego, Ives.
f36. Helix (Arianta) Traskii, Newc. Los Angelos, California, Newcomb.
37. Helix (Arianta) Kellettii, Fbs., Rve., Pfr. Sta. Barbara, Kellett and Wood;
San Diego, teste Gould.
38. Helix (Arianta) Pandora, Fbs., Rve., Pfr.,=#". damascenus, Gld. Sta. Bar-
bara, Kellett and Wood j Desert East of California, Mus. Newcomb.
39. Helix (Arianta) levis, Pfr.,+var. /3. Columbia River.
40. Helix (Euparypha) areolata, Sby., Pfr., Phil., Rve., +vars. p.y. PENINSULA
OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. [Margarita Bay, Pease.*]
f41. Columna (Rhoded) California, Pfr. \_Achatina, Pfr., Rve.]
Subfam. Orthalicina.
42. Sulimulus (Liostracus [not Leiostraca, Add.]) Ziegleri,Ph. Mazatlan, Reigen.
[f43. Bulimulus Mexicanus\, Lam., Deless., Pfr., Rve. (non Val.),= Cochlogena
vittata, Fe'r. Mazatlan, Reigen.']
44. Bidimulus (Mesembrinus) pallidior, Sby.,=^. vegetits, Gld., teste Cum., Binn.
SAN DIEGO TO CAPE ST. LUCAS : — C. S. Lucas, Xantm.
45. Bulimulus (Mesembrinus) excelsm, Gld. (text),= i\ elatits, Gld. (fig.)' SAN
DIEGO TO CAPE ST. LUCAS : — C. S. Lucas, Xantits.
46. Bulimulus (Mesembrinus) inscendens, Binn. LOWER CALIFORNIA : — Margarita
Bay, and C. S. Lucas, Xantiis.
f47. Bulimulus (Thaumastus) Californicus, Rve.
t48. Bulimulus (?Mormus)sitfflatus,G\di.,~B. vesicalis,Gl&. (nom. preoc.). LOWER
CALIFORNIA.
49. Bulimidus (?Mormus) pttula,T$am. LOWER CALIFORNIA: — Todos Santos
Mission, Margarita Is., Xantus.
50. Bulimulus (Scutalus) proteus, Brod. Cape St. Lucas, Xantm.
51. Bulimulus (Scutalus) Xantusi, Binn. Cape St. Lucas, Xantus.
52. Bulimulus (Peronceus [non Peronaa, Poli]) artemisia, Binn. Cape St. Lucas,
Xantus.
53. Orthalicus (Orthalicus) zebra, Miill., Pfr. Mazatlan, Reigen. \Also Eastern
536. Orthalicus (Orthalicus) undatus, Fe'r., Pfr. § " Mazatlan." J slope.
Subfam. Pupina.
f54. Pupa (PupiUa) Rowellii, Newc. San Francisco, Rowell.
f55. Pupa (PupiUa) Calif arnica, Row. San Francisco, Rowett.
56. Pupa (Leucochila) chordata, Pfr. Cinaloa, Mexico.
* See also Dr. Newcomb's new species, tabulated in pp. 609, 633.
J Included among the doubtful species by Mr. Binney ; but the sh?ll so named in the
Maz. Cat., no. 234 (perhaps erroneously), was certainly found on opening the Aiazatlan
boxes by Mr. Archer.
§ Mr. Binney follows Pfr., in his later works, in separating these ? varieties. The shells
in the Keigen Collection were clearly conspecific. Vide Maz. Cat., no. 232.
158
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 673
Subfam. Succinince.
t57. Succinct * (Succinea) Haivkinsi, Baird. British Columbia, Lord.
t-58. Succinea (Succinea) cingulata, Fbs. Mazatlan, Kellett and Wood.
50. Succinea (Succinea} rusticana, Gld. OREGON AND CALIFORNIA: — Oregon,
U. S. E. 22.; Ocogo Creek, California, Williamson.
6C. Sutri-nea (Succinea) Nuttalliana, Lea. "Scarcely differs from S. ovalis, Hudson
River," Gld. OREGON AND CALIFORNIA : — Lewis's River, Or., Nuttall ; In-
terior of Oreg., U. S. E. E. ; Wright's Lake, Rhell's Lake, Cal., Newberry.
GJ . Succinea (Succinea) Oregonensis, Lea. " Resembles S. aurea" Gld. OREGON
AND CALIFORNIA : — Oregon, Nuttall. San Francisco, Rowell.
Subfam. Limacince.
62. Limax \ (Amalid) Cohimbiamts, Gld. PUGET SOUND TO SAN FRANCISCO : —
Puget Sound, U. S. E. E., Dyes ; Oregon City and Cape Flattery, Wil-
liamson ; San Francisco and Port Oxford, Troiubridge ; Nisqually, Case.
Fam. Arionidce.
Subfam. Arionince.
63. Arion (Locked) foliolatus, Gld. Puget Sound, U. S. E. E., Pickering.
Subfam. Zcnitiuce.
64. Zonites § (JEgopis) cultettata, Thorns. " Closely resembles the Dalmatian H.
albanica and acies." Contra Costa Co., Cal., common, Thomson.
Fam. Onchidiadce.
65. Onchidium Carpentcri, Binn. Cape St. Lucas, Xantus.
LIMNOPHILA. Fam. Auricididce.
Subfam. Melampincs.
66. Melampus olivaceus, Cpr. SAN DIEGO TO MAZATLAN : — Mazatlan, Reigen ;
San Diego, Blake, Cooper.
67. Pedipes lirata, Binn. LOWER CALIFORNIA : — C. S. Lucas, Xantus j San Diego,
Cooper.
Fam. Liinnceidce.
Subfam. Limnceince.
68. Limncea (Limnced) stagnalis, Linn.,+i. Jugularis, Say, Hald., De Kay, Kiist.,
Binn. (1st list), +L. appressa, Say, Hald., De Kay, Kiist., C. B. Ad., + i. spe-
ciosa, Ziegl. EUROPE, ASIA, AMERIC A : — RhettLake, California, Newberry ;
Ruby Valley and S. Utah, Captain Simpson. Fort Simpson and Hudson'8
Bay, common j throughout British America and northern tier of TJ. S.,
from Vermont to Pacific, teste Binn. [Var.=lT. fragilis, Linn., teste
Hani., Ips. Linn. Conch, p. 385 ; non Rve., Binn. (1st list).]
69. Limn&a (Limncea) lepida, Gld. Lake Vancouver, U. S. E. E.
70. Limncea (Limnophysa) reflexa, Say, Hald., De Kay, Kiist., 4- L. elongata, Say,
L. umbrosa, Say, Hald., De Kay, Kiist., -\-L. exilis+L. Haydeni, Lea. San
Francisco, Rowell. Also through British America and northern tier of
States from New York to Pacific ; teste Binn.
f71. Limncea (Limnophysa) Sumasm, Baird ||.
* So great is the difficulty of ascertaining (even approximately) the specific relations of
Succinece without a comparison at least of single specimens, that Mr. Binney considers it
safest, until series have been examined, simply to quote the species which have been de-
scribed by other authors. He has followed the same course with Ancylus, and for the
same reason.
t " Has a pore. Why not Arion ? " — Binney, in MS. list.
§ This appears among "doubtful species" in the MS., but is printed in the text of
the Check-List.
j| Probably a variety of palustHs= Nultalliana, Lea. British authors have as yet had
but poor opportunities of studying tjpicallj-named American Ireshwater Pulmonate?,
159
674 REPORT— 1863.
72. Limncea (Limnophysa) palustris, Mull, et auct.,=Z. frar/ilis (as of Linn.), Haiti.,
De Kay, Binn. (1st list), Rve. (hodie). [Non Linn., teste Hani, in Ips. Linn.
Conch., p. 385]. +L. elodes, Say, Gld., C. B. Ad., Kiist.,+i. Nuttal-
liana, Lea, Kiist., ?+Z. plebeia, Gld.,H-Z. expansa, Hald., De Kay, Kiist.
NORTHERN EUROPE, ASIA, AND AMERICA: — Columbia Hirer, Jwrfftrff;
. Puget Sound, Kennerley ; Klamath Lake and Summer Lake, Or. ; llhett
Lake and Wright's Lake, Cal., Newberry: Clear Lake, Cal., Veatchi San
Francisco, Rowett; Monterey, Canfield', Porcupine and Yuckron Rivers, Rus.
America, Kennicott. Also from Pennsylvania westward to Pacific, and from
this line northwards, wherever searched, even to interior of Russian Ame-
rica ; teste Binn.
73. Limncea (Limnophysa) proxima, Lea. San Francisco, Cooper. Arroya San
Antonio, Trash.
74. Limncea (Limnophy so) emarginata, Say, Hald., De Kay, Kiist., =L. Ontanensis,
Muhlf., Kiist.,-f-i. serraia, Hald. NEW ENGLAND TO WASHINGTON TER-
RITORY.
75. Limncea (Limnophysa) catascopium, Say, Hald., Gld., De Kay, Mrs. Gray, Pot.
& Mich., Kiist., -\-L.pinguis, Say (non Dohrn), =L. Virginiana, Lam., Desh.,
Deless., = L. cornea, Val., = L. scricata, Ziegl. NEW ENGLAND TO
LEWIS RIVER, AND THROUGH BRITISH AMERICA j teste Binn.
76. Limncea (Limnophysa) Adelince, Tryon. San Francisco.
77. Limncea (Limnophysa) Traskii, Tryon. Mountain Lake, California.
78. Limncea (Limnophysa) pattida, C. B. Ad., Hald., De Kay. San Francisco,
JRowell; San Antonio Arroya, teste Lea.
79. Limncea (Limnophysa) btdimoides, Lea, Hald., De Kay. Fort Vancouver.
San Francisco, Roivell. Also Eastern States. (Check-List.)
80. Limncea (Limnophysa) solida, Lea, Hald., De Kay,+Z. apicina, Lea, Kiist.
Oregon. Also Eastern States. (Check-List.)
81. Limncea (Limnophysa) ferruginea, Hald., De Kay. Oregon.
82. Pompholyx effusa, Lea, Add. Pitt River, Nei(Jberry\ Sacramento River,
teste Lea.
83. Physa (Physa) Lordi, Baird. British Columbia, Lord j east of Fort Colville,
W. T., Am.N. P. B. Surv.
84. Physa (Physa) yyrina, Say, De Kay, Kiist., C, B. Ad., Hald.,=P7i. ettiptica,
Lea, De Kay, + Ph. cylindrica, De Kay,4-P7*. Hi'drethiana, Lea. Wash-
ington Territory, Captain Simpson ; San Francisco, Rowell.
85. Physa (Physa) ampullacea, Gld.,=J%. bullata, Gld. (non Pot, & Mich.).
Oregon, Cooper; Lakes Rhett and Upper Klamath, Newberry.
86. Physa (Physa) Gabbii, Tryon. Sta. Ana Riv., Angelos Co. Also Mountain
Lake, California.
87. Physa (Physa) heterostropha, Say, Gould, C. B. Ad., Desh., Kiist., De Kay,
Mrs. Gray, Pot. & Mich., Eaton,+PA. foniana, Hald.,+P£. cylindrica,
Newc.j-f-P/j, aurca, Lea, De Kay,+P7z. plicata, +Ph. ylabra, De Kay, -\-Ph.
osculans, Hald. (part),+P/i. striata,+Ph. subarata, Mke.,+PA. Charpentieri,
+ 7%. PhilKnii, Kiist., -f Ph. elliptica, + Ph. inflata, Le&,=£iilla crassula,
Dillw., =JB.fontinaKs, Chemn., Schroter,= Cochlea neritoides, List. NORTH
AMERICA, passim: — Chiloncynck, Kennerley ; Hell Gate River, Newberry ;
San Francisco and Washington Territory, Cooper •; Los Angeles, teste Lear
Also from Texas to British America and Arctic regions, and frtmi Atlantic
to Pacific, teste Binn.
fS8. Physa (Physa) costata, Newc. Clear Lake, Cal., Vcatch.
89. Physa (Physa) virginea, Gld. San Francisco, Rowett.
90. Physa (Physa) humerosa, Gld. Rio Colorado, Wittamson ; San Diego, P. J?. /?. E.
91. Physa (Physa) virgata} Gld. San Diego, Webb ; Los Angelos ; Cal. Ac- \. S.
several of which are perhaps but modifications of circumboreal species which have been
already traced to Eastern Asia. Even the series in Mus. Cum. are far from being accurate
or complete. The inflexible rules of the British Museum have not yet allowed a single
specimen of Dr. Baird's species to be transmitted to America, even for comparison.
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. R75
92. Physa (Physa) triticea, Lea, Binn. MSS.* California, Cooper.
j-93. Physa (Physa) concolor, Hald. Oregon.
94. Bulinus { (Bulinus) aurantius, Cpr. [=Aplexa, auct. : -v. Maz. Cat. p. 179], =»
Ph. Peruviana, Mke. [non D'Orb.]. Mazatlan, Reigen.
95. Bidinus (Bulinus) elatus, Gld. Mazatlan, Reigen.
96. Bulinus (Bulinus) hypnorum, Linn., Hald., C. B. Ad., Chen, et auct.,=P/z.
' elongate, Say, Gld., De Kay,=P7z. elongatina, Lewis. NORTHERN EUROPE,
ASIA, AMERICA. Puget Sound, Coojw; common at junction of Yukron
and Porcupine Rivers, Russ. Amer., Kennicott. Through Brit, and Russ,
America, and from Kansas to Washington, D. C.j teste Binn.
Subfani. Planorbince.
07. Planorbis (Planorbis') subcrenatus§, Cpr. Oregon, Nuttatt. [PPuget Sound;
Kennerley.~\
98. Planorbis (Planorbis) tumens, Cpr.,=P. tenagophila, Mke. (non D'Orb.),=P,
affinis, Cpr. [Cat. Prov., non C. B. Ad.] Mazatlan, MeHchera, Reigen. San
Francisco, Cooper; Petal uma, teste Gld.
99. Planorbis (Planorbis} vermicularis, Gld.
100. Planorbis (Helisoma) ammon, Gld., =P. Traskei, Lea. Klamath Lake, Or.
and Rhett Lake, Cal., Newberry. Ocogo Creek, Cal., Williamson ; Kem
Lake, Cal., Cooper ; Monterey Co., Trask ; Lagoons, Sacramento Valley,
teste Lea.
101. Planorbis (Helisoma) corptilentus, Say, Hald., De Kay, Gld., Chenu, =P. tri-
volvis (pars), C. B. Ad. Columbia River, abundant, U. S. E. E. Also
Eastern States.
102. Planorbis (Helisoma) trivolvis, Say, De Kay, Gld., Hald., C. B. Ad., Kiist., Pot.
& Mich., Yj&tQTi.=BullaJluviatiUs, Say,-}-P/. regularis, Lea, + PL megastoma
•\-Physaplanorbula, De Kay,+P/. macrostomus+PL corpulentus, Whiteaves,
4- PI- kntw, Gld.,-i-P^. trivolvis, vsx.fallax, Hald.,= Cochleat rium-orbiwn,
Lister, Petiver. Puget Sd., Campbell; Wright's Lake, Cal., Newberry : Ft.
Vancouver, Cooper]; SanTrancisco, Roiuell{S. Diego; Mus. Smiths. ; Horn
Lake, teste Lea. Probably extends over whole continent, teste Binn.
103. Planorbis (Menetus) opercularis, Gld.; = P. planulatus, Coop. S. Francisco, U. S.
Expl. Exp. ; Whidby's Is., Cal., Cooper.
104. Carinifex \\ Newberryi, Lea. Klamath Lake and Canoe Creek, Cal., Newberry \
Clear Lake, Cal., Veatch.
Subfam. Ancylina.
105. Ancylus Newberryi, Lea. Klamath Lake, Newberry.
1 106. Ancylus crasstts, Hald. "W-" [Check-List.]
107. Ancyhis caurinus, Coop. California, Cooper.
108. Ancylus patelloides, Lea. S. Francisco, Cooper ; Arroya. San Antonio, Cal.,
Mus. Smith.
f!09. Ancylus Kootaniemis, Baird. Brit. Columbia, Lord.
110. Ancylus fragilis, Tryon. " W." [Check-List.]
111. Acroloxm Nuttalli, flald. [ Vettetia N.} Binn. in list, May 4th.] Oregon, Nutt.
112. Gundlachia Calif ornica, Rowell.
* So in first printed list and in two MSS. ; but in Check-List of Dec. 9, Ph. Troos-
tiana, Lea, is assigned to the West, instead of this species. The MSS. are probably
correct.
J Non Bulinus, Sby., olimt—~BuUmus, auct. However clearly Bulimcs, Binn., may be
right according to the antiquaries, it is far too like Bulimus, which has taken complete
possession of the entire malacological world, to be allowed a resurrection in the same
order. Surely burial for a given number of years ought to be allowed as evidence of
death, especially if the infant-name scarcely even breathed the air of use, and its resur-
rection would breed malaria among terms thriving in the vigorous manhood of universal
acceptance.
§ It is quite possible that this may prove a very finely grown specimen of P. lentus. Dr.
Kennerley's shells are intermediate.
|| Thus in Check-List, Dec. 9th. In that of May 4th, it appeal's as Planorbis N...> in the
MS. list as Carinijera.
11 161
676 REPORT— 1863.
Suborder THALASSOPHILA,
Fam. Siphonariadce.
|113. Siphonaria lecanium, Phil. : [Var. == S. maura, Sby. Var. palmata, Cpr., is
possibly distinct. Mazatlan, E. B. Philippi, lieigen j Acapulco, Jewett j
Cape St. Lucas, Xantus.~\
tl!4. Siphonaria aquilirata, Cpr.,[= 8. cequilorata, Eve. Mazatlan, Reigen-, C. S.
Lucas, Xantus ; Margarita Bay, very fine, teste Pease.]
fl!5. r Siphonaria thersites, Cpr. Neeah Bay,
Doubtful, spurious, and extralimital species : —
Helix aspersa, Mull. " Sta. Barbara/' Kellett and TFooo\ [Imported.]
Helix arbustomtm, Linn.
Tfr&r Sagraiana, D'Orb. [Certainly Cuban.]
Helix " Sandiegoensis, Lea/' Gld., P. R. R., vol. v. p. 331. « No such sp. de-
scribed," teste Binney.
Helix peregrina, Bosc.
Bvlimm Humboldti, Rve. P" Mazatlan."
Bulimus Laurentii) Sby. "Sitka:" probably Sitcha in San Salvador, teite
Binney.
Melania [Bulimus] striata, Perry. [Vide anted, p. 520.]
Svccinea aperta, Lea, = & rotundata, Gld. Sandwich Is., U. S. Expl. Exp.
^Physa Mattgericc, Gray, teste Woodward, Manual, p. 171 ; but probably equa-
torial S. America.
^Siphonaria amara, [Nutt. Admitted into the list by Mr. Binney, on the autho-
rity of Rve., as of Nutt. ; but it lives on the Sanawich Is. ; teste Pease, New-
comb, U. S. E. E.].
116. The Smithsonian Institution has lately issued a " Descriptive Cata-
logue of the species of Amnicola, Vivipara, Bithynia, Yalvata, and Ampul-
taria" by Mr. "W. G. Binney. It is abundantly illustrated with outline-
woodcuts, and contains the synonymy corrected from all the accessible types.
Dr. Stimpson is at present engaged in dissecting the molluscs ; but none of
his investigations have yet been published. The following is a resume of the
West Coast species, from a proof kindly furnished by the author.
Page. Fig.
4. Amnicola longinqua, Gld., Bost. Proc. v. 130. Colorado Desert, Blake.
5. 6. Amnicola protea, Gld., Bost. Proc. v. 129. Colorado Desert, Blake, Webb.
12. 45. Vivipara , Lam., = Pa/woYM#, Lam. [This genus, so fine and plentiful east
of the Rocky Mountains, does not appear on the west.]
44. „ Paludina Nuttalliana, Lea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vi. p. 101, pi. 23. f. 109.
[In text. In later manuscript list, this name appears as a synonym of]
jFlumintcola (Stimps., MS.) Nuttallii, Lea, = Amnicola Nuttalliana, Cp.,
Minn. Rep. p. 374, = Leptcxis Nuttallii, Hald., = Anculosus Nitttattii, Rve,
?+Paludma seminalis, Hds. (p. 46, f. 81). [?+P. Hindsii, Baird.] Co-
lumbia River, Nuttall, Cooper ; tipper des Chutes Riv. and Klamath
Lake, Or., Newberry ; Roques R., Or. ; Sacramento R., Hinds; Brit.
Columbia, Lord; Canoe Creek and Pitt River, Cal., Newberry.
46. 80. Bithinia nuclea, Lea, = Paludina n., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vi. p. 91, pi. 23.
f. 103 fin text. In later MS. list, appears as synonym of] Flvmmicola
vir en s,Lt£&,( Paludina v., Lea; Leptoxis v.,Hald.),+-no/wrfma wwc/ea,Lea.
Wahlamat River, Oregon, NvtUdl [Willamette, MS. list].
The following are added by Mr. Binney in his later MS. list : —
Valvata virens, Tryon. Clear Lake, Calif. [The Smithsonian duplicates have
been unfortunately distributed under the name " V.sinccra, Say, "which had
been previously given to the specimens, and under which they are quoted in
the Check-List of 1860, no. 456. According- to Mr. B., V. sincera is " like
162
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
677
ecarinate forms of V. tricarinata, Say," to which the Clear Lake specimens
bear but slight resemblance.]
Pomatiopsis Itinneyi, Tryon.
Fluminicola fusca, Hald. (Leptoxisf.). Shores of Lake Utah, Capt. Burton.
117. Of the West Coast species of Melaniadse we are unable to offer any
list embracing the synonymy, as the materials are at present in the hands of
Mr. Tryon for elimination, and his labours are not yet sufficiently advanced
to furnish a report. His Manual of the North American Melaniadas will be
published by the Smithsonian Institution. The animals of many species have
already been dissected by Dr. Stimpson*. It is unfortunate that in the two
most important branches of North American freshwater molluscs, the Me-
laniadae and the Unionidae, there exists a radical difference of opinion between
the leading writers, which has sometimes assumed the appearance of per-
sonal animosity. Malacologists east of the Atlantic, unwilling to become
partisans when the leading nomenclators of the rival schools are equally
honoured, have to a great extent declined to pay attention to the unexhausted
riches of the American waters, regarding any settlement of the disputed
points as hopeless. Dr. Isaac Lea, who has spared no expense in illustrating
his publications of the results of a life-long study, follows the restrictions
on the priority-rule allowed by the British Association Committee. Other
writers, however, claim a certainty in identifying the supposed species of
Bafinesque and other similarly inaccurate authors, which would be considered
by most English naturalists as not warranted b_y the few loose words of de-
scription given. It would be well if the student were permitted to start from
the first carefully ascertained landmark, rather than from the defaced tracks
of the first hunter.
In the Check-List of North-American Fluviatile Gasteropods, published by
the Smithsonian Institution. June 1860, which contains the names of 405
(supposed) species of Melanin, Lithasia, Gfyrotoma,Leptoxis, and lo, Mr.Binney
assigns the following eleven to the West Coast. None of them are accredited
to the eastern division.
43. Melania bulbosa, Old.
104. Melania exigua, Conr.
166. Melania Menkeana, Lea.
174. Melania Newberryi, Lea.
177. Melania nigrina, Lea. Clear Creek,
Shasta Co.
211. Melania plicifera, Lea.
242. Melania Shastaensis, Lea. Shasta
and Scott Rivers.
243. Melania silicula, Gld. [=M.plici-
fera, small var., teste Lea.]
296. Melania Wahlamatensis, Lea.
297. Melania Warderiana, Lea.
360. Melania fusca, Hald.
118. Dr. Lea's Check-List of the Unionidae (June 1860), after eliminating
synonyms, assigns to America, north of Mexico, no fewer than 552 species
of Unio, Margaritana, and Anodonta. The type-specimens of the species
described by Dr. Gould from the United States Exploring Expedition were
submitted to Dr. Lea's inspection, and confirmed his previous opinion that
they were varieties of those before known. The U. famelicus, Gld., he pro-
nounced to be a South- American shell ; but it appears, without note, in the
Check List, no. 133, probably by oversight. The only widely diffused species
is the long-famed " pearl-mussel" of the Conway and other British streams.
The following seven are accredited to the Pacific coast : —
* See his very interesting and important paper " On the structural Characters of the so-
called Melanians of North America," in the 'American Journal of Science,' vol. xxxvii?.,
July 1864, pp. 41-53. It appears that the sexual system is quite distinct from that of the
ordinary Ctenobranchiate Gasteropods, and approaches the Cyclobran dilates.
163
678 REPORT— 1863.
281. UnioOregonensis, Lea [Comp. 534.] | 499. Anodonta Calif orniensis, Lea.
484. Margaritana margaritifera, Lea. i 531. Anodonta Nuttalliana, Lea.
[Lmn.] I 534. Anodonta Oregoncnsis, Lea.
494. Anodonta angulata, Lea. I 551. Anodonta Wahlamatensis, Lea.
Besides these, 36 species of Unio and Anodonta are assigned to Mexico
and Central America in a separate list ; but no distinction is indicated be-
tween the Pacific and the Atlantic slope of the mountain-range.
119. At the request of the Smithsonian Institution, Mr. Temple Prime, ol
New York, well known for his special devotion to this department, has con-
sented to prepare a Manual of the Cyrenidse inhabiting American waters.
All the accessible materials from the "West Coast are in his hands for exami-
nation. The first part of his " Monograph of the Species of Sphcerium of
North and South America" is printed in the « Proc. Ac. N. Sc. Phil.' 1861,
pp. 402 et seq., and contains quotations of five species, nos. 4, 7, 9, 10, 11,
with synonymy, from "Washington Ter., Oregon, and California. He has
kindly (in advance of his intended publications) furnished to Mr. W. G. Bin-
iiey the following MS. " Synopsis of the Corbiculidas of the West Coast of
North America," with liberty to publish in this Eeport. It is here condensed,
with synonyms and references, in the nomenclature of the writer.
Mr. Prime's List of West North- American Corbiculidae* [Cyrenidae].
1. Corbicula convexa, Desh., P. Z. S. 1854, p. 342, = C. ventricosa, Pr. MS. Mazatlan.
15. f. 9. Nicaragua ; Belize.
2. Cyrena radiata, Hani., P. Z. S. 1844, p. 159. Eealejo.
3. Cyrena solida, Phil., Abbild. 1846, p. 78, pi. 15. f. 9.
4. Cyrena triangula, V. de Busch, P. Z. S. 1849, p. 78, pi. 2. f. 3~ = C. altilis, Old.,
Bost. Pr. 1852, p. 400, pi. 16. f. 5 bis,= C. Mexicana, pars, Maz. Cat., no. 165
(= C. varians, cat. prov.). Mazatlan.
5. Cyrena insignis, Desh., P. Z. S. 1854, p. 20; II. Conch. 1861, p. 39, pi. 2. f. 2.
California.
6. Cyrena olivacea, Cpr., Maz. Cat., no. 164,= C. Fontainei, Desh., MS. (non D'Orb.,
B. M. Cat. no. 253). Mazatlan.
7. Cyrena acuta, Pr., 111. Conch. 1862, p. 387, pi. 14. f. 1. Centr. America.
8. Cyrena Mexicana, Sby., Zool. II. 1829, p. 364 [Maz. Cat, no. 165= ]C. varians,
' cat. prov. pars, + C. fragilis, Desh. MS. -j- C. aquilateralis, Desh., P. Z. S.
1854, p. 20. Mazatlan.
9. Cyrena Calif arnica, Pr., Proc. A. N. S. Phil. 1860, p. 276,= C. subquadrata,
Desh., P.'Z. S. 1854, p. 21 (nom. preoc.). California.
10. Cyrena Panamensis, Pr., Proc. A. N. S. Phil. 1860, p. 283, = C. inflata, Desh.,
P. Z. S. 1854, p. 23 (nom. preoc.). Panama.
11. Cyrena Eecluzii, Pr.,= C. cordifonnis, Reel., II. Conch. 1853, p. 251, pi. 7. f. 9
(nom. preoc.). Centr. America.
12. Cyrena Cumingu, Desh., P. Z. S. 1854, p. 22. Centr. America.
13. Cyrena tumida, Pr.,= C. angulata, Desh., P. Z. S. 1854, p. 22 (nom. preoc.).
Centr. America.
14. Cyrena pullastr a, Morch, Mai. Bl. 1860, p. 194. Realejo.
15. Cyrena maritima, C. B. Ad., Pan. Sh., no. 451. Panama.
16. Cyrena sordida, Hani., P. Z. S. 1844, p. 159. Central America.
17. Sphcerium triangtdarc,Ssiy(Cydas t.), New Harm. Dissem. 1829, p. 356. Mexico.
18. Sphceritimstriatin'um, Lam. (Cyclass.), An, s.Vert. vol.v. p. 560, 1818,= C.eden-
tula, Say, loc. cit. p. 2, = C. cornea (Lam.). C. B. Ad., Cat., 1847,= C. albula,
Pr., Bost. Proc. 1851, p. 155, + C. tenuitiriata, Pr., p. 156, + C. acuminata,
Pr., p. 158,+ C. inornata, Pr.,-f C. simplex, Pr.,+ C. modesta,Pr., p. 159. Hob.
N. York to Alabama, Connecticut to Illinois ; Hell-gate River, W. T.
19. Sphcerium dentatum,K*\&.(Cyclasd.), Proc. A. N.S.Phil. 1841, p. 100. Oregon.
* The name Corbicula, having been first given to a species, and being itself a diminu-
tive is scarcely fitted to displace long-used generic appellations in marking the family-
fc,oup.
ON MOLLUSCA. OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 679
20. Sphcerium occidental^ Pr., Proc. A. N. S. Phil. 1860, p. 295, = C. ovalis, Pr.,
Bost. Proc. 1852, p. 276 (nom. preoc.),=< Sph. ovale, Stn.,' Add. Gen. vol. ii.
p. 450. H(ib. New York to Georgia j Vermont to Wisconsin ; Hell-gate
River, W. T.
21. Sphcerium nobile, Gld. (Cyclas n.\ Bost. Proc. 1855, p. 229 [Otia, p. 218]. San
Pedro, Webb.
22. Sphcenum patella, Gld. (Cyclas p.), Bost. Proc. 1850, p. 292 [Otia, p. 86 j E. E.
Moll. f. 527, type not returned to S. I.] Oregon.
23. Sphcerium Spokani, Baird [P. Z. S. 1863, p. 69, f. 12, 13 : antea, p. 605]. B. Col.
24. Sphcerium tumidum, Baird [P. Z. S. 1863, p. 69, f. 11 : antea, p. 605]. B. Col.
25. Sphcerium meridionale, Pr., JProc. Ac. N. S. Phil. 1861, p. 414. Panama ; Mus.
Prime.
26. Sphcerium lenticula, Gld. (Lucina * I.), Bost. Proc. 1850, p. 256. California.
27. Sphcerium subtransversum, Pr., P. Z. S. I860, p. 322. Mexico.
28. Pisidium abditum, Hald. [?ubi] = Cyclas minor, C. B. Ad. Bost. Proc. 1841, p. 48,
= P. obscurum, Pr., Bost. Proc. '1851, p. 161,+ P. Kurtzii, Pr., p. 162, + P.
zonatum, Pr., p. 162,+P. regulars, Pr., Bost. II. vi. 363, pi. 12. f. 11-13, 1852,
+ P. notatum, Pr., Bost. II. vi. 365, pi. 12. f. 20-22, 1852, +P. amplum + P
resartum, Ingalls, MS.,+P. rubrum+P. plenum, Lewis, MS., +P. retusum,
Pr., P.Z.S. 1859, p. 322.
29. Pisidium occidental, Newc. [Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sc. 1861, p. 94]. San Fran-
cisco, Rowell.
120. Of the tertiary fossils throwing light on existing species no addi-
tional information has yet been published. We cannot but hope that the
researches of Mr. Gabb, on the fossils collected by the Californian Geological
Survey, will develope relations of great interest between the existing and
former conditions of the continent. The Astorian fossils described by Mr.
Conrad from the U. S. Exploring Expedition (vol. x., Geology, Philadelphia,
1849), and tabulated in the first Report, p. 367, belong to the Smithsonian
Institution, but were not discovered there in 1860. All of them, however (in-
cluding the indeterminate species), are figured in the atlas of plates. They
resemble the fossils of the Pacific Railroad Expeditions in being very imper-
fect, for which reason the following criticisms may prove erroneous. The
general aspect of the collection betokens the Miocene period.
My a abrupta, Conr., may be the young of Glycimeris generosa, Gld,
Thracia trapezoides, Conr., may be curta, Conr.
Solemya ventricosa, Conr., has the aspect of a large Lazaria.
Tcllina arctata, Conr., closely resembles Macima, var. expansa.
Tellina emacerata, Conr., is perhaps Bodegenria. lids.
iMcina acutilineata, Conr., appears to be borealis, Linn.
Cardita subtenta, Conr.,== Venericardia borealis, Conr.
Nucula divaricata, ConT.,=Acila castrensis, Hds.
Pectunculus patulus, Conr., may be sevtentrionalis, Midd.
Pectunculus nitens, Conr., resembles Psephis tantilla, Gld.
Pecten propatulus, Conr. A very fine specimen, enclosed in a large nodule
from Oregon, was presented to the Brit. Mus. by Mr. C. Pace. If not identical
with Amusium caurinum, Gld., it is most closely allied, especially to the
Japanese form.
* Mr. Prime assigns no reason for changing Dr. Gould's Lucina into a Cyclas, nor any
authority for " California." He was, perhaps, misled by the artist's engraved references to
the figures 528, a, b, where he has drawn a rule, referring to the Cyclades above, instead of
writing Lucina. It is assigned to "?Coast of Patagonia" in 'Otia,' p. 63, and to "?R.
Janeiro" in ' E. E. Moll.,' p. 414. In each place the shell is compared to an Astarte or
Cyprina, with lateral teeth. The type was not returned to the Smithsonian Institution ;
but the diagnosis states that it is " chalky, thickened within the deep and jagged pallial
line, sculpture faint but decussated, and margin finely crenulated," — characters more con-
sistent with Lucina, s. g. Myrtcea, than with Cyclas. If the type cannot be recovered, per-
haps the species may be dropped, as it is not the Lucina (Myrt&a) lenticula, Eve.
165
680 REPORT— 1863.
Terebrahda nitens, Conr., is very probably Waldhtimia painful n< Grid.
Bvlla petrosa, Conr., has the shape of Tornatina iximia, Bd.
Crepidvla prompta, Conr., is certainly princeps, Midd.
Tiirritella, sp. ind., resembles Mesalia lacteola.
?Doliwn petrosvm, Conr., resembles the young of Priene nodosn. Oheirm,
Fusus geniculus, Conr. A similar shell has just been taken at the Favallones
by Dr. Cooper.
121. To correct the general table of " Mollusca of the West Coast of N.
America" (First Eeport, pp. 298-345), and the deductions founded upon it
(pp. 346-367), would involve the necessity of reprinting a considerable por-
tion. The student, being now in possession of all tlie known sources of
fresh information, can with his own pen strike out the spurious species, alter
the synonyms, insert the newly discovered forms, and make the requisite
corrections in the classified results.
122. With regard to the tropical fauna, the researches at Cape St. Lucas
and in the interior of the Gulf of California, though leaving much to be
desired, bear-out the general conclusions arrived- at in paragraphs 78-87.
The evidence for the identity of specific forms on the Atlantic and Pacific sides
of Central America has been greatly confirmed. Dr. Gould writes, " The
doctrine of local limitations meets with so few apparent exceptions that we
admit it as an axiom in zoology that species strongly resembling each other,
derived from widely diverse localities, especially if a continent intervenes,
and if no known or plausible means of communication can be assigned,
should be assumed as different until their identity can be proved (vide E. E.
Moll. Intr. p. xi). Much study of living specimens must be made before
the apparent exceptions can be brought under the rule." It has, however,
to be borne in mind that the researches of modern geology clearly point to
considerable alterations in the existing configuration of continents, and m
the consequent direction of ocean-currents, during the ascertained period of
many species now living. Nor are we warranted in the belief that the
existing fauna in any locality has been created at any one time, or has
radiated from any single spot. To study the relations of living shells simply
in connexion with the existing map of the world must lead but to partial
results. The facts accumulating with regard to the British species, by
tracing them through the northern drift (now found even on the Snowdonian
range), to the oldest crag deposits when Europe was contained in far different
boundaries, show how altered may have been the configuration of the new
world when the oldest of its molluscs were first created. Coordinately with
the glacial period, Central America may have been a group of islands ; co-
ordinately with the creation of Saoricav a pholadls and Chrysodomus antiquvs.
the gulf-weed may have floated between the llocky Mountains in the
archipelago of West America, and Japanese molluscs may have known how
to migrate to the Mediterranean shores. Dr. Gould's position may there-
fore be accepted in theory ; yet, in practice, the " imperfection of the geological
record"*, and even of our knowledge of existing species and their variations,
demands that the greatest caution be exercised in building results on deduc-
tions from our ignorance. Already the fossil Malea ringens of the Atlantic
has proved a " Rosetta Stone " to interpret the Cyprcna exanthema, Purpura
patula, and other Caribbean shells of the Pacific ; and as the geology of the
West Coast advances, so may we expect to find traces of previous denizens of
* No student of geographical distribution should omit to weigh carefully the chapter
on this subject in Darwin's ' Origin of Species,' and the information given in LyelTs
* Antiquity of Man/
166
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 681
American waters, which have bequeathed some species now flourishing, and
others dying-out, to the existing seas. The present faunas of West America
are perhaps the most isolated on the surface of the globe ; yet, if we knew
the ancestry of each specific form, we might find some first appearing with man
on this planet, others first living even in historic times, others tracing their
descent from remote periods, and it may be very distant localities, in the ages
of the Miocene, possibly even of the Eocene oceans. These suppositions are
not set forth as theories, but simply to guard against interpretations of facts
based on conclusions which may be only the results of our necessarily
imperfect information.
123. With regard to forms offering local peculiarities sufficient to dis-
tinguish them from correlative forms offering equal peculiarities in some other
fauna, we are by no means warranted in assuming that these have sprung
from different creations. If a race of men, migrating to a new continent, in
a very few generations, or even in the next, develope an essentially different
2)h>/sique, it is fair to conclude that molluscs, borne by a change of currents to
a distant region, or steadily migrating to the extreme limit of their con-
ditions of life, will also change their appearance. If the publication of the
" Darwinian Theory " has had no other effect, it has at least checked the pro-
pensity to announce "new species" for differences which may fairly be re-
garded as varietal. It must also be borne in mind, that if the views of Mr.
Darwin be only a theory, such also is the name required for the prevalent
opinion of separate creations for all diverse forms. What indeed can we
possibly know of the mode of original creation of a single species ? We can
only prove that one or the other supposition best explains a certain class of
facts. It is not necessary for a working naturalist to commit himself to an
exclusive belief in either of these theories. He may perhaps best explain
some facts by the doctrine of separate creation, others by that of natural
selection. In either case it is his duty to trace-out, as far as possible, the
limits as well as the powers of variation in every living form, and to guard
against seeing that only which accords with his prevailing belief.
124. The study of European shells, as they exist in Norway, in Britain, in
the Mediterranean, at the Canaries, or as they appear at different depths
and stations in our own seas, still more as they occur in the widely separated
periods of the later and middle tertiary ages, is an excellent preparation for
the examination of either recent or fossil faunas in districts where our know-
ledge is fragmentary and unconfirmed. It may be safely stated that there are,
in the American waters, many tropical forms from the West Indies and the
Pacific shores, some temperate forms from California and the Atlantic, and
many sub-boreal species in the Vancouver district and the European seas,
not differing from each other more or even so much as forms universally
allowed by malacologists to have had a common origin from Britain and the
Mediterranean, from the Red and the Coralline Crag.
125. It is interesting to observe that, notwithstanding the probable con-
nexion of the oceans through the Rocky Mountains during the Miocene age, j
there is extremely little similarity between the special temperate faunas of
East and West America. Not a single species has yet been proved identical,
and the allied forms are but few in number. They appear as follows : —
OaUfornian species. U. S. Atlantic species.
Clidiopliora punctata.
Lvonsia Californica.
Macoma inconspicua.
Angulus modestus.
Raeta uudulata.
167
C. trilineata (? =nasuta).
L. (hyal!na=)Floridana.
M. fusca.
A. tener.
R. canaliculate.
682
REPORT— 1863.
California*, species.
Liocardium substriatum.
Lunatia Lewisii.
Na?sa mendica.
Amycla (species).
U. S. Atlantic species^
L. Mortoni.
L. heros.
N. trivittata.
Amycla (species).
126. When, however, we approach the region in which boreal and sub-
boreal forms occur, many species are found in common, and between others
there is but slight difference. Yet even here there are more British than
!> ew England species in the West-coast fauna. As might be expected, the
British species are for the most part those which are also found fossil, and
therefore have had time to diffuse themselves widely over the hemisphere.
It ia, however, remarkable that many Crag species have reached Eastern
Asia and West America which are not found in Grand Manan and New
England. It is also extraordinary that certain special generic forms of the
Crag, as Acila, Miodon, Verticordia, and Solariella, reappear in the North
Pacific*. When seeking for an explanation of so remarkable a connexion
between faunas widely removed in space and time, the correlative fact must
be borne in mind, that the northern drift f, so widely diffused over Europe
and Eastern America, has not yet been traced in the western region. The
following Table exhibits, not only the identical but the similar species be-
longing to the northern faunas of the Atlantic and Pacific. In the Asiatic
column, K denotes that the species occurs in the Kamtschatka region, J in
Japan. In the second column, Y signifies the Vancouver district, Cthe Cali-
fornian, and I the Sta. Barbara group of islands. The species marked F
are also fossil. In the third column, C denotes the Coralline, R the Red, and
M the Mammaliferous Crag. The fourth contains the species living in the
British seas ; the fifth, on the American side of the Atlantic, Gr. standing
for Greenland.
East Asia.
West America.
Crag.
British.
E. America.
K
K
J
JK
JK,lata
K
K
China
1
V Rhynconella psittacea . .
V C Xylotrya pennatifera ....
V Xvlotrya timbriata. .....
(Pleistocene)
CRM
OEM
Faujasii, C R
'PBmghami'l
C R M
lata, RM
RM
compressa,RM
corbis, C R
CRM
0
cardiiformis, C
CR
psittacea
pennatifera
rtmbriata
crispata
pholadis
Binghami
truncata
proxima
compressa
borealis
flexuosus
suborbicul.
psittacea
crispata
pholadis
truncata
proxima,&c
Greenland,
borealis
compressa
V C Zirphsea crispata
V C Saxicava pholadis
V C Glycimeris generosa ....
V Spha^nia ovalis
V Mya truncata
V Macoma inquinata
V Serripes Grcenlandicus . .
V I Venericardia borealis ....
V Astarte (compacta) ....
V Miodon prolongatus ....
I Cryptodon flexuosus ....
I Verticordia 9-costata. . . .
V C Kellia suborbicularis ....
* Whether there be any similar correspondence in the Polyzoa is not yet known, Mr.
Busk not having had time to complete his examination.
t See, in this connexion, a very accurate Table of the species which travel round
Cape Cod, with their distribution in existing seas and over different provinces of the
various drift-formations in the Old and New World, by Sanderson Smith, in Ann. Lye.
Nat. Hist. N. York, vol. vii. 1860, p. 166.
1 From the Coralline Crag. Looks more like ovalis.
168
ON MOLLUSCA OP THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.,
683
1 East Asia.
West'Araerica.
Crag.
British.
."5. America.
J
C
rubra
JK
V C Mytilus edulis
KM
edulis
edulis
FORM
modiolus
modiolus
JK
V Modiolaria marmorata . .
V Modiolaria laevigata ....
I Crenella decussata
OR
marmorata
nigra
decussata
marmorata
laevisrata
glanditid
JK
OEM
tenuis
tenuis
insignis.&c
JK
V C I F Acila castrensis ....
V Yoldia lanceolata
Cobboldiaj,RM
RM
lanceolata
V Leda minuta
RM
caudata
minuta
1 ~
(Asia)
I Limasa subauriculata. . . .
V C Hinnites giganteus ....
C
Cortesyi, C
M
subauricul
palustris
palustiis
V C Cvlichna attonsa
cvlindracea. C R
attonsa
V Haminea hvdatis .
M
hvdatis
J K, caeca
VC Dentalium Indianorum. .
V Lepeta csscoides
entale, M
entale
(ca3ca,JVbr.)
striolaturn
casca, Gr
V Margarita helicina
helicina
helicina
Vahlii Gr
_
V Mesalia lacteola
lactea, Gr
M
vincta
vincta
K(tuiTicula
V Bala fidiciila
turricula, R
turricula
turricula
V Bela excurvata
Trevelliana, R
Trevelliana
K
V C Seal aria Indianorum ....
V Velutina Isevigata
M
communis
Ise vi^ata
laBvisfata
K
V Natica clausa
R
(Norway)
clausa
V C I Eulima micans
polita, C R
micans
—
V Cerithiopsis tubercularis
V I Triforis ad versus
C I Erato columbella
0
C
Vlaugerise. C R
;ubercularis
adversus
(W I")
lapillus
lapillus
—
V Chrysodomus liratus. . . .
V Trophon multicostatus . .
—
(Norway)
10-costatiisj
Gunneri
127. The following species (besides others dredged by Mr. A. Adams, but not
yet determined) have been found on both the Asiatic and American shores of
the N. Pacific, in addition to those recorded by Middendorff, v. Brit. Assoc.
Report, p. 223.
Terebratella Coreanica.
Waldheimia Californica.
Waldheimia pulvinata.
Waldheimia Grayi.
Glycimeris generosa.
Sciiizothaarus Nuttallii.
Solen sicarius.
Sanguinolaria Nuttallii.
Tellina Bodegensis.
Cardium modestum.
Amusium caurinum.
Placunanomia macroschisma.
Crepidula grandis.
Drillia inermis.
Lunatia pallida.
Priene Oregonensis.
Cerostoma foliatum.
Siphonalia Kellettii.
128. The Vancouver and Californian districts have so many characteristic
species in common (111 out of 492), that they must be regarded as con-
stituting one fauna, differing as do the British and Mediterranean regions.
Pull particulars as to the range of the different species may be expected in
Dr. Cooper's Report to the Californian Geological Survey. One fact must,
however, be here specially noted, viz. the great peculiarity of the island-fauna.
Although the Sta, Barbara group are so near the mainland, the dredge bus
not only produced many species not known on the continent, but also many
169
684 REPORT— 18G3.
before considered as essentially tropical. Along with- these are not only some
species of types hitherto regarded as almost exclusively Asiatic, as Verticordia,
Solariella, and Fulvia modesta, but also some which belong to the sub-boreal
district, as Lucina borealis, Venericardia borealis, and Crenella decussata. The
latter belongs to the British, and not to the N. England form.
129. Of the bleudingof the temperate and tropical faunas on the peninsula of
L. California we are still in ignorance. All we know is, that at Margarita Bay
the shells are still tropical, and that at Cerros Island they are strangely inter-
mixed. There is peculiar evidence of connexion between the faunas of the penin-
sula and of S. America, not only in the land-shells (v. anted, p. 630), but in
some of the marine forms. Beside identical species with wide range, as many Ca-
lyptraeids, the following are coordinate between the North and South Paciiic: —
Upper and Lower California.
Netastoma Darwinii.
Solecurtus Californianus.
Semele rupium.
Callista var. puella.
Ohama pellucida.
Liocardium substriatum.
Axinsea (Barbarensis.)
Verticordia novemcostata.
Pecten aequisulcatus.
Siphonaria thersites.
Tonicia lineata.
Acmaea patina.
Acnuea persona.
Scurria mitra.
Chlorostoma funebrale.
Mitra maura.
Eanella Californica.
Priene Oregonensis.
Trophon multicostatus.
South America.
N. Darwinii.
S. Dombeyi.
(Ditto, Galapagos.)
C. pannosa.
C. pellucida.
L. Elenense.
A. intermedia.
V. ornata.
P. ventricosus.
S. lateralis, &c.
T. lineolata.
A. scutum, D'Orb.
A. " Oregona," H. C.
S. scurra.
C. nice stum.
M. maura.
R. ventricosa.
P. cancellata.
T. Magellanicus.
Time and space do not avail for pointing out further relations with exotic
faunas ; which indeed will be performed with greater correctness after Dr.
Cooper shall have published his complete lists.
130. Eor the sake of avoiding the inconvenience of trinomial nomenclature,
the subgeneric and varietal names have often been cited in this Eeport instead
of the generic and specific, in order that the exact form of the shell quoted
might be more quickly determined. The diagnoses of all the new species
here tabulated are written for the press, and will shortly appear in the dif-
ferent scientific journals. Additional specimens will probably prove several
forms to be conspecific which are here treated as distinct. In the present
state of the science, absolute certainty is not to be attained. The object of
the writer* has been principally to bring together the works of his prede-
cessors, and so to arrange and describe the new materials that those who
continue his labours may be able to draw their own conclusions from existing
data. In order to facilitate reference, a brief index is here given of the
subject-matter of the former and of the present Reports.
* The best thanks of the writer are due to Hugh Cuming, Esq., for the free use of his
collection ; to Messrs. H. & A. Adams, Hanley, Beeve, and Sowerby, for aid in identifying
specimens ; to the officers and naturalists connected with the Smithsonian Institution ;
to Dr. A. A. Gould, for very valuable corrections ; and generally to authors and friends,
who have kindly rendered him all the assistance in their power. He earnestly invites
criticisms on the subject-matter of the two Reports ; in order that they may be embodied,
and errors corrected, in the Manuals of the West-Coast Mollusca which he has undertaken
to prepare for the Smithsonian Institution.
Warrington, Aug. 22ndt 1864. ^ ,_~
ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 685
TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page in
Paragraph. Report L Keport II,
1-5. Physical Condition of West America 159 ...
6-12. Errors respecting Habitat 162 ...
2 S-21. Errors of Nomenclature 164 ...
' 22. Table of Localities 167 ... 517
23. Table of collectors. Early Writers. Linnaeus, Solander,
Martyn, Chemnitz, Dixon, Dombey, Perry, Leach,
Dillwyn, Larnarck, Swainson ... 168 ... 517
24. Humboidt and Bonpland (Valenciennes) 169 ... 521
25. Voyage of « Coquille :' Lesson 172 ... 521
26. Eschscholtz 172 ... 521
27. Tankerville Catalogue : Zoological Journal 174 ... 522
28. Voyage of ' Blossom ': Beechey, Belcher 175 ... 522
29. Wood's ' Index Testa ceologicus ' and Supplement ... 178 ... 523
30. Voyage of ' Astrolabe ': Quoy and Gaimard 179 ...
31. Voyage of ' Adventure ' and ' Beagle ': King 179 ... 524
32. Hugh Cuming's Researches 179
33. D'Orbigny's S. America 189 ...
34. Botta 191
35. Blainville's Purpurse ... , 191 ...
36. Guerin's Magasin : Duclos 191 ... 524
37. Voyage of ' Beagle' : Darwin (see also p. 359) 192 ...
38. Lady Katherine Douglas (afterwards Wigram) 192 ... 525
39. Nuttall; Conrad 192 ... 525
40. Voyage of ' Bjnite' : Eydoux and Souleyet 201 ...
41. „ 'Venus': Deshayes, Valenciennes 202 ... 528
42. „ 'Sulphur': Hinds 204 ... 529
43. U. S. Exploring Expedition ; Gould 208 ... 529
44. Middendorff 214 ... 532
45. Voyage of ' Samarang ': Adams and Eeeve 224 ... 534
46. E. B. Philippi 224 ... 534
47. Mexican-War Naturalists, Kich and Green ; also Jewett 225 ... 534
48, 49. Melchers ; Menke 235 ...
50. Kellett and Wood ; Forbes 239 ... 542
51. Eeigen; Br. Mus. Mazatlan Catalogue 241 ... 542
62, 110. Conrad on Wilson's shells ' 264 ... 634
53. Jay's Catalogue ... ... 265 ... 548
54. C. B. Adams ; Panama Catalogue 265 ... 549
55. Br. Mus. Catalogues ; VenericUe 281 ... 553
56. Sailor's Collection 281 ... 554
67,98. Gould's Collection 233 ... 554
58. Bridges 284 ... 554
59. Proceedings of the Zoological Society 285 ... 554
60. Sowerby; ' Conchologi cat Illustrations ' 288 ... 559
61. „ ' Thesaurus Conchy liorum ' and 'Malacological
Magazine' 288 ... 561
„ Sowerby's ' Genera ' ; Reeve's ' Conchologia Systematica' 561
62. Reeve's ' Conchologia Iconica ' ... ... 289 ... 562
63. Kiener, ' Coquilles Vivantes ' ... ... 293 . . 563
64, 65. German authors ; Pfeiffer, Menke, Philippi, Kiister,
Dunker 294 ... 573
66. British Museum Collection , 296 ... 574
67. Cumingian Collection ... 297
68. Various European sources : Bosc, Lesson, Gray, Wood-
ward, Hanley, Journ. de Conch., Chenu, Duclos,
Deshayes 297 ... 575
69. 121. General Table of the Western Faunas 297 ...
70,71. Isolation from other Provinces 346
72, 73. Boreal and Sitcha District 347 ...
74-76. Fauna of Oregon and Upper California 348 ... 635
77, 78. „ Lower California ; S. Diego, S. Pedro, S. Juan,
La Paz, Guaymas 350
79-83. Tropical Fauna ; Galapagos 353
84-87, 122. Comparison with other Faunas 362 . 680
171
686 REPORT— 1863.
Page in
Paragraph. Eeport I. Eeport II.
88. Land and Freshwater Shells 366
89. Polyzoa 367
91, 120. Fossil Species ; U. S. Expl.Exp 367
90, 92. Conclusion of First Eeport ... 367
3. Smithsonian Institution ; Collections and Publications
679
577
94. N. Pacific Exploring Expedition ; Stimpson, Gould 582
95. TJ. S. Japan Expedition ; Jay 587
96. A. Adams ; Japan 588
97. Pacific EailroadEeports; Blake's Fossils 588
98. „ „ Gould's Shells 283 ... 592
99. „ „ Newberry's Fossils 593
100. „ „ Antisell's Fossils ,594
101. „ „ W. Cooper's Shells (Coop.) 596
102. U. S. N. Pacific Boundary Survey ; Kennerley.. 601
103. Brit. „ „ ; Lord, Lyall, Forbes 603
104. Californian State Geological Survey; J. G. Cooper (Cp.) •. 607
105. Cape St. Lucas Shells ; Xantus 616
106. Neeah Bay, Vancouver, &c. ; Swan 626
107. Farallone Islands 628
108. J. G. Cooper's Land Shells ; Bland 629
109. Land Shells of Lower CaMfornia 630
110. Californian Naturalists: Trask, Newcomb, Eowell, Gabb,
Eemond 631
111. Various American publications 633
112. General Table of the Vancouver and Californian Fauna 635
113. Additional Shells from Lower California and the Gulf;
Cerros Island, Margarita Bay, La Paz, Guay mas 664
1 14. Additional Shells of Tropical Fauna ; Acapulco, Eeal
Llejos, Panama 668
115. General List of Land, Freshwater, and Marine Pulmo-
nates; Binney „. ... 669
116. Paludinidae, &c. ; Binney 676
117. Melaniadae; Binney 677
118. Unionidae; Lea 677
119. Cyrenidae; Prime 678
91, 120. Tertiary Fossils 367 ... 679
69, 121. Corrections of General Table 297 ... 680
84r 122. Comparison with other Faunas 362 ... 680
123. Local peculiarities 681
124. Comparative study of European Fauna 681
125. Comparison with Eastern American Fauna 681
126. Comparison with the Crag Fossils 682
127. Comparison with Asiatic Shells 683
128. Peculiarities of the Island Fauna 684
129. Comparison of the West Coast of N. and S. America 684
130. Explanation of Nomenclature ... ... 684
172
B.
EEYIEW
OF
PROF. C. B. ADAMS'S CATALOGUE
OF THE
SHELLS OF PANAMA. FROM THE TYPE SPECIMENS.
BY
PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B. A., PH.D.
From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 339-369,
June 23, 1863.
( 173 )
REVIEW OF PROF. C. B. ADAMS'S 'CATALOGUE OF THE SHELLS
OF PANAMA'*, FROM THE TYPE SPECIMENS. BY PHILIP P.
CARPENTER, B.A., PH.D.
A resume of this important contribution to our knowledge of local
faunas, and a comparison with the British Museum ' Descriptive
Catalogue of the Reigen Collection of Mazatlan Mollusca,' is given
in the 'Report of the British Association' for 1856, pp. 265-281.
Full series of the old species, and the first specimens of the new,
were deposited by Prof. Adams in the Museum of Amherst College,
\\hich also contains similar series of the Professor's Caribbean col-
lections. The second specimens of new species were sent to Mr.
Cuming, and through his kindness were freely used in preparing
the Mazatlan Catalogue, thus avoiding the necessity of many syno-
nvms. An instructive lesson in candour and forbearance may be
learnt by comparing together the works of any two naturalists of
equal celebrity, or by comparing either of them with the types.
With the best desires for accuracy, and the greatest care, it is hardly
possible for an author to describe so that his readers shall see shells
as he sees them. If this be true of such full and precise diagnoses
as those of Adams and Gould, how much greater must be the diffi-
culty to foreigners of recognizing shells from the brief descriptions
of Broderip, Lamarck, and the older writers generally. The careful
* Catalogue of Shells collected at Panama ; with Notes on their Synonymy,
Station, and Geographical Distribution • by C. B. Adams, Professor of Zoology,
&c., in Amherst College, Mass. Reprinted from the ' Annals of Lyceum of Nat.
Hist. N. Y.,' vol. v. New York, 1852.
175
2 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.
preservation of types therefore, and the interchange of specimens
named from types, is of the first importance to save the time and
ensure the accuracy of succeeding writers. The Smithsonian Insti-
tution has fully recognized this principle by directing that the first
available duplicate of all type species described from its collections
shall be deposited in some museum open to students on the other
side of the Atlantic.
As the authorities of Amherst College had not taken any steps
to figure their unique specimens, and as Prof. Adams's determina-
tions of old species had not been verified, I made it my business
(when visiting America to deposit the first duplicate series of the
Mazatlan Shells in the New York State Museum at Albany) to com-
pare Prof. Adams's. collection, on the spot, with his published book,
in my copy of which I made my notes and sketches at the time.
Every facility was afforded me by the Curator. I was allowed freely
to handle the specimens in the presence of his assistant, and to draw
the minute species under my microscope. I took with me for com-
parison the drawings of the minute Mazatlan shells in the British
Museum. The species being numbered in both the Panama and the
Mazatlan lists, it is easy now to institute a comparison between them.
They are here distinguished by the initials P. and M.
P. 1. Ovula avena. May be distinct from Radius variabilis,
J\i. 435, being much more stumpy, with a thicker lip ; but the few
specimens are in poor condition, and the differences may be accidents
of station.
2. Ovula emarginata=Carinea e. Quite distinct from its Carib-
bean analogue C. gibbosa.
3. Ovula neglecta, C. B. Ad., is probably a small variety of Ra-
dius variabilis.
4. Ovula variabilis, C. B. Ad. = Radius v., M. 435.
5. Ovula, sp. ind., probably =varia b His, jun.
6. Cyprcea arabicula= Aricia a., M. 438.
7. Cypraea cervinetta=C. exanthema, M. 436. Having now
examined a multitude of specimens from different stations on the
west coast, which differ from each other quite as much as they do
from the typical Caribbean forms, I am confirmed in the belief of
their identity.
8. Cyprcea punctulata= Aricia p. Erroneously given, in M.
p. 374, as a probable synonym of A. arabicula. It is less thickened
at the sides, with smaller spots. Although specimens of arabicula
graduate into it at the back, it may always be known by the mouth,
which has its teeth much further apart.
9. Cyprcea pustulat a = Trivia p., M. 439.
176
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.
10. Cyprcea radians= Trivia r., M. 4-40.
11. Cyprcea ru b esc ens — dead sp. of Trivia sanguined, M. 442.
12. Cyprcea sanguinea= Trivia s., M. 442.
13. Erato scabriuscula. Stet.
14. Marginella minor. Stet, M. 587.
15. Marginella sapotilla. The Panama specimens collected by
Prof. Adams, and abundantly by others, more closely resemble M.
prunum than the type M. sapotilla of Hinds, which is a much smaller
shell. The Caribbean shells (which are found across the Isthmus
at Aspinwall) differ only in having a sharper angle in the labrum at
the posterior notch. Adanson's habitat, doubted by Prof. Adams
(note, p. 41), is confirmed by specimens in the Bristol Institution
brought from Sierra Leone by Chief Justice Rankine. The Pacific
shells are probably conspecific, sufficient evidence being now in our
possession that the two oceans were united at least as late as the
Miocene epoch*.
16. Mitra funiculata. Stet.
17. Mitra lens, M. 585.
18. Mitra nucleola. Closely resembling young specimens of the
Caribbean M. granulosa.
19. Mitra solitaria, C. B. Ad. = Zierliana s. Other specimens
have since been found of this characteristic species. The " trans-
verse ribs " can scarcely be said to be " obsolete anteriorly."
20. Mitra tiistis = Strigatella t.t M. 586.
21. Terebra elata = Myurella e.
22. Terebra larvccformis = Myurella I.
23. 24. Stent.
25. Terebra tuberculosa = MyureIla t.
26. Terebra varicosa. This may possibly be a very young speci-
men of Subula v. ; but I think it distinct.
27-31. Sp. ind. A specimen of Euryta fulyurata, M. 455, is in
the museum, as from Panama, but not of Prof. Adams's collecting.
32. Oliva angulata, M. 590.
* The specimens in the Cumingian Museum, named M. ccerulescens at the time i
of the British Association Report, are now labelled " sapotilla, Hds., 5-13 fathoms
sandy mud, Panama, H. C." Another set of Pacific shells (notch-angle rounded)
are given as " Marginella n. s., Panama," " San Domingo" having been erased.
The large West Indian form (notch-angle sharp) is given as " ccerulescens, var.,
Lam., 10 fathoms sandy mud, Panama." Another set of large shells, with sharp
angle, and labrum tinted behind, is given as " ccerulescens, Lam., Panama," hut
without authority. The small West-Indian form (like the typical sapotilla) is
given as " glans, Mke." Either in this, as in other instances, error has crept into
the locality-marks, or else even the distinction pointed out by Mr. Redfield (who
has given peculiar study to this geuus) caunot be relied ou for separating the spe-
ci/s goographi'-ally.
12 ,177
4 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.
33. Oliva araneosa = O. melchersi, M. 59 1 . Prof. Adams's shanty
specimen can scarcely be distinguished from that which he marked
" 0. literata, Alabama." But the ordinary aspect of the shells O.
reticularis from the Caribbean Islands, O. literata from the coast of
the Southern States, and O. melchersi from the Pacific, is sufficiently
distinct (for the genus).
34. Oliva inconspicua, C. B. M. = Olivella i., M. 599. Some of
the shells referred to this species from Panama, Mazatlan, and Cape
St. Lucas graduate into the Caribbean O. oryza ; othersvmto dwarf
forms of O. gracilis. The species either needs revision from fresh
specimens, or should be merged into O. gracilis.
35. Oliva pellucida, C. B. Ad. Dead specimen ; differs from
Olivella p., Rve.
36. Oliva porphyria. Stet.
37. Oliva semistriata = Olivella s. Closely resembles 0. colu-
mellaris.
38. Oliva testacea=Agaronia t.y M. 602.
39. Oliva undatella = Olivella u., M. 595.
40. Oliva venulata. This shanty specimen is O. angulata, jun.
The O. venulata, M. 593, is named by Prof. Adams O julietta, as
also by Mke. (non Duel.). The true O. Juliet fa (Guacomayo, Mus.
Smiths.) is the Pacific "analogue" of O.fusiformis.
41. Oliva volutella = Olivella v. It is surprising that this species,
so immensely common at Panama and up the coast, should not reach
the Gulf, and that the equally common O. tergina of Mazatlan and
O. gracilis of Cape St. Lucas and Acapulco should be rare elsewhere,
while the larger Olives are found from Guaymas to the equator.
O.'dama (=lineolata, Gray, C. B. Ad.), abundant at Mazatlan, was
bought, not collected, by the Professor at Panama.
42 Planaxis planicostata. Stet. Also immensely common at
Panama, though absent from Mazatlan.
43. Nassa canescens, C. B. Ad. Having compared this unique
specimen with P. 50, q. v., I can speak to their complete identity.
The "pale grey" of the "interspaces" is due to the shell being
dead.
44, 45. Stent.
46. Nassa gemmulosa=M.. 631, exactly.
47. Stet.
48. Nassa luteostoma — M. 623.
49. Nassa nodifera. Also found at Guaymas.
50. Nassa pagodus, C. B. Ad. (-{-N. canescens, P. 43) =*« A;.
(? pagodus, var.) acuta, M. 625. It is certainly the N. decussata
of Kien., but probably not of Lam. Whether it is the Triton pago-
dus cf Rve. I am still unable to say, the type being apparently lost.
We are bound to suppose that Mr. Reeve could not mistake so de-
178
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. • )
ci Jed a Nassa for a Triton ; so that if Lamarck's is a similar Eastern
species, the West American may stand as N. acuta.
o-l. Nassa panamensis, C. B. Ad. The Professor rightly marked
his duplicates " exilis, Pws." This abundant shell, having a Pisa-
rioid, not a Nassoid operculum, probably belongs to Phos, Northiay
or some genus not yet eliminated. N. obsoleta, Say, has a similar
operculum, and appears nearly related.
52. Nassa proximo,. The unique specimen appears to be an ex-
treme form of N. versicolor, P. 55.
53. Nassa 1 scabriuscula, C. B. Ad. (non Pws.) = 2NT. complanata,
Pws. : v. P. 56.
54. Nassa striata, C. B. Ad. The two type specimens, one young,
the other adult, both belong to a variety of versicolor. The phrase,
" last whorl spirally canaliculate on the left side," simply expresses
the ordinary character of Nassa. The specimens in Mas. Cuming.,
however, from another source, differ somewhat in the nucleus from
the small form of N. versicolor. These = N. paupera, Gld., teste
Cuming, and should take that name.
55. Nassa versicolor, C. B. Ad., M. 632. The revolving striae
vary so greatly in this species, as well as the size, obesity, and colour,
that it is hard to assign its limits. The specimens marked versicolor
by the Professor vary much more among themselves than the ex-
treme ones do from his proximo and striata. The apex and early
whorls of each are exactly the same under the microscope. It is pos-
sible that the unique crebristriata, M. 633, is also an extreme variety.
56. Nassa wilsoni appears to be only a dwarf form of P. 53,
N. complanata.
57. Buccinum crassum=Phos c.
58. Buccinum distortum=Clavella d.
59. Buccinum insigne = Pisania i.y M. 659.
60. Buccinum luaubre, C. B. Ad. The Professor marked this shell
on his card " Murex ? ? " ; then " Fususl"; then " Fusus nodu-
losus, Ad., n. s."; then " Buccinum (?) lugubre, Ad., n. s."; so that
the old genera were sometimes as badly defined as the new ones. It
may rank* with Pisania.
6 1 . Buccinum pagodus = Pisania p.
62. Buccinum pristis= Nor thia serrata.
63. Buccinum riny ens = Pisania r.t M. 663.
64. Buccinum sang uinolentum = Pisania s., M. 662.
65. Buccinum stimpsonianum= Nassa st.
66. Dolium rinaens=Malea r.
67. Monoceros br evident atum. This species, very common at
Panama, has been transported over (not through) the Pacific, to Sau
Francisco and Monterey v. P page 75.
179
G DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.
68. Monoceros cingulatum = Leucozonia c., M. 583.
69. Purpura carolensis=P. triangularis, M. 608.
70. Purpura foveolata = Cuma costata, M. 610, probably; but the
markings have been too much obliterated to decide with confidence.
71. Purpura kiosquiformis^Cuma k., M. 609. There are in
the collection three shells, labelled by the Professor "P. pvrpnroirfes
(Fusus), Orb., Panama" = Pisania cT orbignyi, Kve. fto authority
is given, and they probably came from Peru.
72. Pvrpvra, sp. ind. This shell is not to be found. It has
probably been put with the last, of which it is no doubt a variety :
v. M. p. 482.
73. Purpura melo. Stet.
74. Purpura osculans appears to be the young of Rhizocheilus
nuxy M. 611 ; of which R. distans, Cpr., and probably R. califor-
nicus, A. Ad., are only varieties.
75. Purpura tecta — Cuma t.
76. Purpura undata = P. biserialis, M. 606.
77. Columbella atramentaria= Anachis a.
78. Columbella bicanalifera=StrGmbina b.
79. Columbella boivinii. This species must rank with {Anachis
or) Engina*, the operculum being Pisanoid.
80. Columbella conspicua = Anachis c.
81. Columbella costellata, C. B. Ad. = Anachis scalarina, Sby.,
M. 645 ; not A. costellata, Sby., M. 646.
82. Columbella diminut a = Anachis d.
83. Columbella dorsata = Strombina d.
84. Columbella fluctuata-= Anachis fl.
85. Columbella fulva= Anachis /., M. 648.
86. Columbella fuscata, M. 617. The small var. is C. f estiva,
Kien.
87. Columbella oibberula = Strombina g.
8 8 . Columbella gracilis = Anachis g.
89. Columbella guttata=Nitidella cribraria, M. 613.
90. 91, 92. Stent.
93. Columbella fyrata = Anachis I
94. Columbella major, M. 615.
95. Columbella wodesta — Truncaria m. It might be convenient
to leave this genus as arranged by Messrs. H. and A. Ad. Mr.
Henry Adams desires to restrict it to the type species, in which
* Of the shells called by Trend) authors Stmi-fticinvla, these vith a Purpiroid
oy>erculum may he retained as Sistmrn, while these with Pisanoid cjeituluiu
should be renioved as Enyina^ with Anachis, to the Muricidae.
180
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.
case this and similar species must be moved to Nitidella, if the oper-
culum be (as is presumed) Purpuroid ; or to Amycla, if Nassoid.
96. ColumbeUa mcesta— Anachis m.
97 ColumbeUa nigricans= Anachis n.
98. Co/umbella parva. This appears to be only a dead specimen
of G. pygmaa, P. 100.
99. ColumbeUa pulchrior is probably a Nitidella.
100. ColumbeUa pygmtza= Anachis p., IvL 651.
101. ColumbeUa ruf/osff = Anachis r. This appears to be the
commonest and most variable species of the genus. The typical
specimens are somewhat stumpy, with stout knobs. Then the knobs
pass into long, compressed ridges, and finally change into narrow
bars. These are wide apart, or close, or nearly evanescent on the
back. The shape passes from the stumpy to an acuminate form
like costellata. Some adults are more than twice the size of others;
but the same variations are found in both extremes. The colours
are generally laid on in patches on the knobby specimens ; in fine
flames, on the smoother ones. In all varieties, it is known from
Jiuctuata by the spiral strise over the whole surface ; and from varia
by the shoulder, more or less developed into a keel, on the whorls of
the spire.
102. ColumbeUa strombiformis, M. 616.
103. ColumbeUa tessellata, C. B. Ad. (non Gask.)= Anachis gua-
temalensis, Rve.
104. ColumbeUa turrita — Strombina t.
105. ColumbeUa varia = Anachis v.
106. ColumbeUa sp. ind. is the young of a species in Mus.
Cuming., resembling harpaformis.
107 Ricinula carbonaria=Engina c.
108. Ricinula jug osa may be an Engina, but has more the aspect
of the Pacific group Peristernia.
109. Ricinula r eeviana= Engina pulchr a, Rve.
110. Cassis abbreviata=Bezoardica a. On comparing a large
series of specimens from Cape St. Lucas with a similar series of C.
inflata from Texas, I was unable to discover any specific differences.
It varies greatly, from each ocean, in painting, sculpture, height of
spire, &c.
111. Cassis coarctata—Levenia c
112,113, 114( = M.4SO), 115, 1 16 ( = M. 481), 117, 118* ( = M.
476), 119* ( = M. 477), 120 ( = M. 475), 121, 122 ( = M. 381,
galeatus), 123 ( = M. 449), 124 (=M. 448), 125. Stem.
* Having now examined a large number of specimens of these two forms, I
have no hesitation whatever in regarding Conm regain atis as simply a variety of
C. purpurascens. Similar differences may be obsened in comparing large series
of almost all Cones.
lol
8 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.
126. Triton chemnitzii=AryGbuccinam nodosum, M. 580. These
shells are small and turreted. Those Prof. Adams marked " T. cin-
yulatum, Lam., E. Indies," are much more like the Mazatlan shells.
127. Triton const rictus=Distortio c. The specimens of this
group from the Pacific Coast, from the Gulf of Mexico, and from
the China Seas are very difficult to discriminate.
128. Triton fusoides. This unique and very elegant shell can
scarcely be called a Triton, even of the Epidromus type. It may
perhaps rank with Euthria, but is peculiar in possessing a distinct
anterior sinus, near the canal, like Rostellaria.
129. 130, 131, 132*, 133, 134*, 135. Stent.
136. Murex dubius=Muricidea dubia, M. 673.
137. Murex erosus=Muricidea e.
138. Murex radix = Phyllonotus r. The Professor's specimens
of this species are remarkably fine, more nearly resembling the Gulf
niyritus than the heavy stumpy shells usually seen. His yomi£
specimens are heavier, but more turreted, than the young niyritus.
The opercula appear to have fewer frills ; but such differences may
be due only to station. The specimens he marked ambiyuus (with-
out locality) belong to the typical niyritus. Phyllonotus radix and
niyritus graduate into each other almost as freely as the latter does
into ambiyuus: v. M. 666.
13£. Murex rectirostris. This and kindred species run into each
other too closely, when adult, to speak with any confidence on so
young a specimen in bad condition.
140. Murex recurvirostris. This specimen is also far too imper-
fect to affiliate: v. M. 665.
141. Murex reaius= Phyllonotus r., M. 670.
142. Murex salebrosus— Vitularia s., M. 612. The curious group
of Muricoid Purpurids culminates on the West American shores. It
is represented in the north temperate regions by Cerastoma, on the
warmer shores by Chorus, and in the tropical regions by Vitularia.
The Lower Californian Murex belcheri, Hds., belongs to the group.
Dr. Alcock (who has succeeded the late Capt. Brown as Curator of
the Manchester Natural History Museum) has pointed out very well-
marked physiological distinctions between the two families, which
are coordinate with the differences in the opercula.
* Dr. Gray (Guide to Mollusca, pp. 39, 42) leaves the round-variced Ranellids,
as Apollon, in the Tritonida, " operc. annular, nucleus subapical, within the
apex ;" but removes the sharp-variced species, as Ranella, to the Cassididee, and
figures the operculum like Bezoardica, " half-ovate, nucleus central, lateral, in-
ternal." The operculum of R. calata, No. 132, is almost identical with Murex,
and the shell accords with Apollon\ but R. nititla, No. 134, which has very sharp
varices, has its operculum widely removed from Bezoardica. It is closely related
to that of Cerastoma^ Rhizocheilus, and some of the Ocinebree; nucleus near the
anterior end of the labrum ; lahral portions of the annular layers eroded ; scar as
in 1'uqjunds, vwth about thiee roughly angular ridges of growth.
182
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.
143. Murex vibex. This Peruvian species also probably belongs
to the Purpurid group.
144. Murex vittatus—Muricidea v.
145. (==M. 638), 146 ( = M. 579). Stent.
147. Fusus bellus, C. B. Ad. This is a pretty little shell, resem-
bling a young Metula, and is probably orie of the species assigned
with doubt to that genus, M. 619-622, or to Fusus, M. 642. I should
erase the words, " some of which are varicoid" (referring to the ra-
diating ribs), as my glass did not enable me to detect a single one.
148. Fasciolaria granosa. A minute specimen is of the size and
general appearance of the fry of Chrysoilomus antiquus, with one and
a half irregular nuclear whorls. An adult has its operculum broken
and mended from a subcentral nucleus — a mode of proceeding which
I have now observed in such a multitude of species belonging to dif-
ferent families of Proboscidifers and Toxifers that I venture to assign
it as the original type of their opercula, from which the special
family forms are modifications of high development. Of the spiral
Rostrifers there is not yet sufficient evidence to speak*.
149. Turbinella ccestus, M. 581.
150. Turbinella castanea — Latirus c.
151. Turbinella cerata=Latirus c., M. 5S2.
152. Turbinella rudis=Latirus r.
153. Turbinella spadicea = Latirus s.
154. Cancellaria affinis. Very closely allied to C. urceolatat
M.445. ,
15,5, 156, 157 (=M. 446), 158, 159. Stent.
160. Cancellaria pygmcea is simply a young specimen of C, <r<r-
niostoma, no. 157.
161, 162. Stent.
163. Pleurotoma aterrima= Drillia a.
164. Pleurotoma atrior. This is a fine specimen, not quite ma-
ture in the lip, of Drillia aterrima, var. melchersi, M. 461.
165. Pleurotoma bicanalifera = Clathurella b.
166. Pleurotoma collaris= Drillia c.
167. Pleurotoma concinna— Cithara c.
168. Pleurotoma corrugata = Drillia c.
169. Pleurotoma discors— Drillia d. Probably a finely developed
variety of aterrima.
* When at Charleston, S. C., I had an opportunity of examining many very fine
specimens of the giant Fasciolaria, so seldom seen in this country, of which a
broken specimen in my collection measures 20 in. In sculpture, colour, and
general appearance some were so very like F. princeps, M. 584, that I was tempted
to consider the latter a degraded local variety, till i lound the operculum, which
is destitute of the singular grooving of the Gulf species.
183
10 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.
170. Pleurotoma duplicata= Drillia d.
171. Pleurotoma excentnca — Drillia e. I cannot endorse this
and some other determinations of critical species of Pleurotomids,
not being able to remove the specimens for comparison with types.
Even the types in Mus. Cuming. do not always present satisfactory
diagnostic characters.
1 72. Pleurotoma exigua=Mangelia e. I could not discover "the
rest in pairs."
1 73. Pleurotoma gemmulosa=Mangelia g.
174. Pleurotoma grandimaculata — Drillia g.
175. Pleurotoma incrassata= Drillia i., M. 459. The collection
contains D. luctuosa, M. 467, as from Panama, but not of the Pro-
fessor's collecting.
176. Pleurotoma nigerrima = Drillia n.
177. Pleurotoma obeliscus= Drillia o. Very worn and doubtful.
178. Pleurotoma olivacea. Closely resembles P. funiculata,
M. 457.
179. Pleurotoma pallida = Drillia p>
180. Pleurotoma rigida = Clathurella r.
181. Pleurotoma rudis. It is probable that this is not the true
Drillia rudis, being distinguished by white spots on the knobs :
v. M. 460.
182. Pleurotoma rustica = Drillia aterrima, var. melchersi, M.
461. These specimens being very wcrn, their specific identity with
P. 164 was not recognized by the Professor. One shell,^marked
"rustica, var.," may be the true rustica — a species by no means
satisfactorily distinguished.
183. Pleurotoma striosa= Drillia s.
184. Pleurotoma zonulata = Drillia z., M. 463.
185. Pleurotoma, sp. a. A small, dark, purple-brown Mangelia,
of the leufroyi type.
186. Pleurotoma, sp. b. A slender, pure-white, ribbed shell;
probably a Cithara.
187. Manoelia, sp. c. A young Daphnella.
188. Mangelia, sp. d. A very worn, black shell; with white,
knobby ribs.
189. Mangelia, sp. e. A very small, white shell; resembling a
young Bela turricula.
190. Mangelia, sp./. A very small, white Drillia, with distinct
posterior notch ; spirally striated, with rather sharp ribs.
191. Manaelia neolecta. Of the "elevated spiral line on the
middle of the whorls " I could discover no trace, except of colour.
It is therefore probable that it=M. acuticostata, M. 4/3.
184
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA, 11
192. Mangelia sulcosa is the true Columbella s of Sby.
193. Cerithium adustum = C. maculosum, M. 381.
194. Cerithium assimilatum=Cerithiopsis a., M. 563. •,
195. Cerithium bimarginatum = Cerithiopsis b. A good species;
but I could not detect the "intermediate raised line." The apical
whorls are almost smooth. The "prominent spiral fold" on the
colurnella is simply that which bounds the recurved canal.
196. Cerithium famelicum. Confusion has arisen from the Pro-
fessor having sent to Mr. Cuming as his type a shell which does not
answer to the diagnosis, and which is described as (? var.) mediolceve,
M. 382. Ten specimens are retained in the Amherst Museum, of
which eight are of the uncinatum type, =M. 383, and two of the
Cumingian. C. uncinatum, being an old species, is probably from
the Atlantic or E. Indies : if this should prove identical, the name
famelicum must be dropped ; if distinct, retained for the west coast
uncinoids, according to the diagnosis. After an examination of a
large series of specimens collected by Mr. Xantus at Cape St. Lucas,
I am confirmed in the belief that the Cumingian shell is a distinct
species, which must stand as C. mediolceve.
197. Cerithium ffemmatum = Rhinoclavis gemmatus, M. 389. So
much .confusion has arisen from raising specific names to the generic
peerage, that whenever a good distinct name has been given, it ap-
pears best to retain it — the unbending rule of mere priority for work
which is sometimes slovenly, and therefore best forgotten, notwith-
standing.
198. Cerithium ? interruptum, C. B. Ad. (non Mke. = M. 388).
Great confusion has arisen from this erroneous determination, as
may be seen by comparing the Maz. Cat. in loco with the mono-
graph of Sowerby, jun., who has redescribed the southern, highly
sculptured forms of the true interruptum as C. galapayinis.
198 and 199 are regarded by Messrs. Cuming and Sowerby as
varieties of
200. Cerithium irroratum, C. B. Ad. (Gld. ipse et MSS., non
Gld. in Expl. Exp.) = <7. stercusmuscarum, M. 387. The aspect of
the Panama shells is so different from that of the Mazatlan speci-
mens that I did not wonder at Dr. Gould's opinion that they were
distinct. He was, however, misled in affiliating the former to his
C. irroratum, of which I fortunately discovered the figured type in
the Smithsonian Institution, and which proves to be (according to
Mr. Cuming) the C. obesum of Sby. sen., from the Philippines. It
is fortunate therefore that the name may be entirely dropped. Some
of the specimens of no. 198 graduate sufficiently closely to the Ma-
zatlan form; those of no. 199 are intermediate; while those of
no. 200 present a stronger but smaller shell, well armed with small
nodules, which are not to be seen in the fine Gulf specimens.
201. Cerithium neglectum = Cerithiopsis n.
202. Cerithium pacijicum. Stet.
1S5
n DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.
203. Cerithium pauperculum is a good, new species of Chrysallida.
The Professor probably did not recognize the Chemnitzoid apex and
the Odostomoid plait. The following alterations may be made in
the diagnosis: — Shell pale orange [not horn], with six [not five]
keels on the spire ; spiral ridges anteriorly fainter [not obsolete] ;
apex sinistral [not acute], of three Paludinoid whorls, the last large
in proportion; columella effuse [not canaliculated], with a long,
slender, slanting plait.
204. Cerithium pulchrum=Cerithidea p. A distinct and truly
beautiful species, seldom obtained by collectors.
205. Cerithium reevianum=Cerithidea montaynei, M. 394.
206. Cerithium validum — Cerithidea varicosa, M. 395. The
Southern shells, in all their changes, present such a different aspect
from the Gulf specimens, that I am inclined to regard the form Ma-
zatlanica as distinct, of which C. albonodosa may prove a variety.
207. Triphoris alternate, M. 391.
208. Triphoris inconspicuus is scarcely even a variety of the last ;
and does not differ so much as the specimens described under the
same name, M. 392.
209. Triphoris infrequens is not the shell described, under the
same name, M. 393, but is the Cerithiopsis tuberculoides, M. 557.
It would have been strange if I had recognized the shell from the
diagnosis ; for both of the specimens are dextral. The apex is nearly
smooth. I forbear to redescribe nos. 392, 393 of the Maz. Cat.,
as they were separated principally in deference to Prof. Adams's
authority, until more numerous specimens should have been examined.
210. Turritella banksii=T. goniostoma, jun., M. 379.
211. CfBcum dimi7iutum = Caecum firmatum, jun., with numerous
close rings. All the Professor's specimens of this genus were dead ;
most of them pierced by Proboscidifers. They fully confirmed the
judgments I ventured to form of them in the Maz. Cat. and in the
" Monograph of the Csecidse," P. Z. S. 1858, p. 413 et seq.
212. Caecum eburneum — C. firmatum. The rings vary from
twenty-six to thirty-three.
213. Caecum firmatum, M. 368. Add to the diagnosis in Maz.
Cat. p. 320, last line, '* operculo mx concavo, suturis minus definitis."
214. Caecum lave. The two specimens are too worn for identifi-
cation, but will pass sufficiently for the species described under the
same name, M. 372.
215. Caecum laqueatum. A good species of the Elephantulum
group: v. Maz. Cat. p. 315, and P. Z. S. loc. cit. p. 420.
216. Caecum monstrosum = C. firmatum in the adolescent stage.
217. Caecum parvum turns out, as was expected, to be = C. unda-
turn, M. 371. The unique specimen is stunted and dead.
218. Caecum pygmceum is a small but nearly adult C. firmatum.
186
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 13
219. Chemnitzia aculeus, M. 521.
220. Chemnitzia acuminata is a true Chemnitzia, and not a Chry-
sallida, as supposed in the Br. Assoc. Report, p. 334. The name
misleads, as it is a peculiarly broad species. The vertex consists of
three Paludirioid whorls, of which the apex is visible, projecting a
little beyond the spire. The ribs, instead of " terminating abruptly
on the periphery of the last whorl/' become gradually evanescent
the base*.
221. Chemnitzia affinis. Comp. M. 523, which was identified
from Mr. Cuming's specimen. The diagnosis needs the following
corrections from the type. The "ribs terminate " not very " abruptly
at the periphery." Anteriorly very finely striated [not " smooth "].
" Last whorl " not " angular at the periphery." Base prolonged.
It is probably the adult form of my Chemnitzia undata, M. 531, the
characteristic fine, waved, spiral striae having escaped the Professor's
notice. The only difference is that the ribs evanesce more suddenly
in the Panama than in the Mazatlan shell, which may be due simply
to age.
222. Chemnitzia clathratula, part. = Chrysallida clathratula, M.
513, which was identified from the Cumingian specimen. The spe-
cimens preserved as types contain, along with this species, one of
Chrysallida communis, one (almost certainly) of Chrysallida effusa,
M. 510, and one of Dunkeria sulanguJata, M. 537. Some parts of
the description appear taken from the latter species : e. g. the " five
or six " spiral lines, of which there are only four in the Chrysallida \
and the angle on the " upper part " of the whorls, which in the
latter are well rounded.
223. Chemnitzia communis, M. 507. This is the type of the
genus Chrysallida: v. M. pp. 416, 420. Prof. Adams's tray con-
tains also one specimen of Chrysallida e/'usa, M. 510 ; one of Chrys.
telescopium, M. 508; one of Dunkeria subangulata, M. 537; and
one which may be a variety of the latter, or a distinct species.
224. Chemnitzia gracilior. The " well-impressed spiral line " is
only seen in some of the whorls.
225 Chemnitzia major belongs to the section Dunkeria. I counted
eighteen (not twenty-four) ribs.
226. Chemnitzia marginata is a good species of Chrysallida ; but
I could not find the " spiral, compressed ridge."
227 Chemnitzia panamensis, M. 518. I counted twenty-four
(not twenty-seven) ribs. The tray also contains one specimen of
* As several errors are here pointed out in the diagnoses of small shells, it is
right to state that Prof. Adams had not the advantage of a microscope during a
considerable portion of the work ; nor was the instrument a good one when ob-
tained. Moreover the incessant demands on his attention as Professor of Astro-
nomy and Mathematics, as well as of Natural History, and his duties as State
Geologist of Vermont, did not leave him much time for original research. What
he accomplished during his short life is marvellous. Had that life been spared to
revise his works, the necessity for this friendly criticism would not have arisen.
187
14 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.
Ch. C-B-ddamsii, M. 519, with straight ribs; and one with spiral
sculpture, which may belong to C/t. gracilliina, M. 530, but wants
the produced apex.
228. Chemnitzia sim'dix. This speries most nearly resembles
anuleus, but is broader, larger, and with more ribs, of which I counted
from twenty to twenty-two (not twenty-six). I should not c«<il the
whorls " convex." They are, however, more rounded, and the base
is more produced, than in the shell called " IsimilisS* M. 520, which
is perhaps a variety of panamensis.
229. Chemnitzia striosa. The early whorls, are very slender.
The spiral striae are on the tops of the ribs, of which I counted from
tvventy-four to thirty- two (instead of "about forty").
230. Chemnitzia turrita. This species includes the " Rissoa,
sp. ind." no. 251.
23 1 . ? Littorina angiostoma is a Fossarus.
232. Littorina aspera, M. 397. The Mazatlan periwinkles, being
in good condition, divide themselves very naturally into three
species. The Panama specimens, being generally eroded, are not so
easily dealt with. Of Prof. Adams's specimens here retained, the
majority belong to aspera, although several of the smaller ones are
pJiilippii, M. 39 3. The young appear to be of both species mixed.
The " variety " consists of the abnormal tall specimens of conspersa,
M. 396, with a few very large philippii intermixed.
233. Littorina atrata. This abundant little shell is a Fossarus,
of which the Professor's lAdeorbis abjecta, no. 257, is a more ad-
vanced form. It is possible that one of the Fossari described in
Maz. Cat., nos. 404, 405, may be conspecific ; but among the mul-
titude of specimens I could not find one with the nuclear whorls
sufficiently perfect to decide. The shells vary extremely in shape
nnd sculpture.
234. Littorina conspersa, M. 396. Smaller and generally more
stumpy than the Mazatlan shells, but containing a few specimens of
the same extreme forms.
235. ? Littorina excavata — Fossarus e.
236. Littorina fasciata, M. 400. The specimens of this species
and of L. varia graduate rather closely towards each other.
237- ? Littorina foveata. A good species of Fossarus. Read,
*' Last whorl angular" at the umbilicus [not " below the middle"].
238. 1 Littorina megasoma. This is also a good species of Fos-
sarus. The Professor was doubtful whether to refer these forms to
Littorina or to Narica.
239. Littorina ? parvula, C. B. Ad. This is not Philippi's L.
parvula, but is a dwarf form of the L. philippii, M. 398. The Pro-
fessor suggests the name L. dubiosa for this sufficiently well-marked
species ; but as he catalogued and distributed his specimens under
'{parvula, and kept others under asperat it may be best to retain
188
UR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 15
the name philippii under which it has been very extensively col-
lated.
240. Littorina pulchra. A very rare species, belonging (witfc
fasciata and variety to the Melaraphe group.
241. Littorina puncticulata. This is the normal state of L. co»-
gpersa : v. M. 396.
242. Littorina varia : v. note on P. 236.
243. Rissoa clandestina. Three specimens appear of this specks
of Rissoina, closely resembling R. woodwardii, M. 410, but with
more ribs, and not displaying the intercostal striulse.
244. Rissoa firmata. Another species of Rissoina , resembling
jR. stricta, M. 408, but smaller. The Professor did not observe
the fine spiral sculpture, as described in no. 250 ; q. v.
245. Rissoa fortis. A good species of Rissoina, differing from
R. janus in the absence of spiral punctures.
246i ? Rissoa inconspicua, C. B. Ad., non Alder. The name
being preoccupied, it is fortunate that the unique shell proves iden-
tical with Alvania tumida, M. 414. I found twenty (not "twelve
or fourteen ") ridges, which are not " obsolete," but become fainter
anteriorly. The two upper whorls are very finely cancellated.
247. Rissoa infrequens. The unique specimen of this Rissoina
is too much worn for description. It has more than the sixteen ribs ;
and the diagnostic marks must be received with caution.
248. Rissoa janus. The description of this Rissoina is drawn
from a very small, dead, broken specimen, from which the sculpture
is almost entirely worn away. The " var. a " should be considered
as the type, being in perfect condition, and the diagnosis be altered
as follows : — The "fine crowded spiral striae" are seen all over, as
are also the "ribs," which on each whorl "appear as striae," and
are not " obsolete near the periphery." The diagnostic character is
that the spiral striae are composed of rows of minute dots.
249. Rissoa notabilis. After drawing this unique shell carefully
under the microscope, and making copious notes on the diagnosis
from the specimen, an untoward cough lodged it among the meshes
of the Curator's carpet, whence I endeavoured in vain to extricate it.
This unfortunate accident is, however, the less to be regretted, as I
can state with perfect confidence that it was exactly identical with
another shell in the collection, P. 255, q. v. ; and with M. 498,
Parthenia quinquecincta. The " concave summits" of the ribs imply
that the ribs are sharp, with concave interstices ; and the " upper
keel " is simply due to the angulation of the whorls. Though the
lip was broken, the columellar plait, as well as the sinistral apex,
escaped the Professor's notice.
250. Rissoa scalariformis. This unique specimen is simply the
youn<r of Rissoina firmata, P. 244: and probably = Rissoina sp.
ind. M. 409.
16 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.
251. Rissoa, sp. md. This is a broken specimen of Chemnitzia
turrita, P. 230.
252. ? Cingula inconspicua. This unfortunate name, liable to be
confounded with Rissoa inconspicua, Alder, and IRissoa inconspicua,
C. B. Ad., will not be needed, as the type belongs to another sub-
order, and = Chrysallida ovulum, M. 512. The Professor did not
observe its close relationship with his Chemnitzia communis.
253. Cingula paupercula, C. B. Ad. A good species.
254. ? Cingula terebellum — Parthenia exarata, M. 501. Although
I took every pains, in preparing the Maz. Cat., to identify Prof.
Adams's species, I was not prepared, in the writings of so careful a
naturalist who had devoted special attention to the minute species,
to find a Pyramidellid under Trochidae, especially with the mark
" apex subacute." The finding of a more perfect Mazatlan specimen
enables me to add to the diagnosis: — "vertice nucleoso parvo, satis
extante, decliviter sito; interstitiis carinarum transversim rugulosis;
labro solidiore. Long. '087, long. spir. '057, lat. '038."
255. ? Cingula turrita ( + P. 249, Rissoa notabilis) — Parthenia
quinquecincta, M. 498. When a shell is described under two genera
in the same sheet, the advocates of unbending priority will find it
difficult to decide. As each name belongs to a widely removed
family, that last given is at least the most correct and distinctive.
256. ILitiopa saxicola. The Professor states that this "shell
has the appearance of a Litiopa ;" but it wants both the peculiar
nucleus and the semitruncated columella ; also that the " labium
has a distinct deposit," of which I could not see any trace in either
of the specimens. It is probably a Cingula.
257. 1 Adeorbis abjecta. This is the adult form of the shell, of
which P. 233, Littorina atrata, is the young. The striae are seen on
the lower as well as the "upper part of the whorls." The umbili-
cus, though "small" for an Adeorbis, is rather large for a Fossarus,
to which genus the species undpubtedly belongs.
258. Vitrinella concinna. I could not find the "more or less
distinct ridge between the first two keels."
259. Vitrinella exigua=M. 305. The omissions in the Pro-
fessor's diagnoses of this and other species, being supplied in the
Maz. Cat., need not be repeated here: v. M. pp. 236-247.
260. Vitrinella janus. The Professor does not mention the fifth
keel, which bounds the umbilicus, and within which are the " minute
spiral striae." The "transverse striae" are strong between keels
2, 3, and 4 ; faint between 4 and 5, and between 1 and 2 ; and eva-
nescent near the suture.
261 . Vitrinella minuta. The original type of this species accords
better with Ethalia than with Teinostoma, to which I had referred
the Cumingian type.
262. Vitrinella modesta. The " modesty " of this unique shell is
190
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 17
coordinate with considerable attrition, and an 'umbilicus tilled with
dirt. It appeared to me regularly rounded, without any keel. The
" few spiral striae " are probably the remains of what once covered
the whole surface.
263. Vitrinella panamensis=M. 295.
264. Vitrinella parva=M. 296.
265. Vitrinella perparva=.M. 304. The coronation of the upper
keel is seen (though not described) in the type specimen.
266. Vitrinella regularis. The unique shell can hardly be called
" subdiscoidal," since the " spire is convex, moderately elevated."
I could not find the "impressed spiral line." It belongs to Ethalia.
267. Vitrinella seminuda. The unique type of this species also
is much worn. I could not discover the " minute striae of growth."
Beneath, there are five spiral lirae, and a few spiral striae near the
mouth. The umbilical region and the base have fine radiating distant
striae. It comes nearest to V. carinulata, M. 309, but is distinct.
268. Vitrinella tricarinata. This unique type is also worn.
The spiral keels are scarcely " prominent," that on the periphery
being decidedly faint. The "transverse striae" are between the
suture and the nearest rib. The umbilical striae are very faint.
269. Vitrinella valvatoides. This species probably belongs to
Ethalia. Beside the keels, there are three obsolete spiral lirae — two
on the base, and one above the periphery. The umbilicus is bounded
by a long, thin callosity, which gives a character to the shell inter-
mediate between the two genera.
270. Solarium, sp. ind. a. Of the form represented by this
species and the next I have been able to examine a large number of
specimens collected at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. Xantus, and in the
Gulf of Mexico. I know of no mark by which to distinguish the
shells from the two oceans. From each locality they vary greatly
in the size of the umbilicus, and in the strength of sculpture, number
of knobs, &c. I should consider them all as varieties of S. granu-
latum, Lam. S. quadriceps, lids., appears distinct, though it may
only be an extreme variety.
271. Solarium, sp. ind. b. This contains the specimens with
coarser sculpture than the last.
272. Solarium, sp. ind. c. This is a distinct species of Toriniay
having the size and general aspect of Helix rotundata.
273. Trochus catenulatus= Modulus c., M. 401;
274. Trochus coronulatus=0mphalius c. This species reappears
at Cape St. Lucas, and is closely allied to O. ligulatus, M. 293.
275. Trochus leanus=Calliostoma I. This distinctive generic
name is strongly to be preferred to the specific Ziziphinus.
276. Trochus lima. This shell exactly accords with Calliostoma
anlonii, Koch, in Mus. Cuming.
191
18 DR. T. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA,
277. Trochus lividus= Modulus disculus, M. 403.
278. Trochus panamensis=Omphalius p. A good species, though
apparently very rare ; for I had the pleasure of adding it to the
Cumingian collection.
2 79 . Troch us pellis-serpentis= Tegula p.
280. Trochus reticulatus—OmpJialius viridulus, M. 292. This
is the common Trochid of the Panama region, as is ligulatus of the
Alazatlan.
281. Turbo buschii—lhaniUa inermis, M. 287. This shell ap-
pears to replace U. olivacea in the southern fauna. Besides the dif-
ferences indicated in Maz. Cat. p. 229, the operculum is quite
distinct.
282. ? Turbo phasianelIa=Collonia ph.: not (Melaraphe) pha-
sianella, Phil.
283. Turbo rutilus. The unique type is in miserable condition,
to which the " hright red with pale streaks " is owing. The shell
may possiblv have been originally a Pomaulax undosus, which is
truly a Lower Californian species. It appears, however, to be a
favourite with sailors, as specimens are continually appearing, not
only high and low on the West Coast, but also from the Pacific
Islands. The specimens brought by Comm. Wilkes's U.S. Expl. Exp.
were obtained in N. S. Wales ! Prof. Adams's fragments were pro-
bably due to ballast.
234. Turbo saxosits=CaUopoma snxnsum. This replaces the C.
fuctuosum of the Gulf, M. 282, and the C. tessellatum of Lower
California. The "var. depressum" of P. Z. S., 1855, I believe to
be really a Senectus from the Pacific Islands.
285. Scalaria hexagona, C. B. Ad. : non Sbv., M. 564. The
Professor's shell is (I think) one of the species I described in P. Z S.
from Mr. Bridges' s collection ; but the distinctions in this genus are
too critical to decide without comparison of types. This shell is
broad ; whorls very separate ; varices long and sharp ; spirally
finely striated.
286. Scalaria obtusa, C. B. Ad. ; ? non Shy. This also appeared
to me one of Mr. Bridges's species. It is a very pretty shell, with
close, sharp, coronated varices.
287. Scalaria, sp. ind. a. Like the next, but larger, and with
spiral striae between the extremely crowded, sharp varices.
288. Scalaria, sp. ind. b. Of the Clathratula type, without spiral
sculpture.
289. Scalaria, sp. ind. c, is probably the young of Cirsotrema
funiculatum, M. 509, which, with its congeners, may be removed to
Opalia.
290. Eulima iota. This shell, which is a Leiostraca (not " ? Sfy-
lifer"), is probably distinct from the Mazatlan form, M. 555, which
saould btand as L. retcxta.
192
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 19
291. Eulima recta. The type is a very good species of Leio-
straca ; but I doubt its identity with the Cumingian specimen, with
which the Mazatlan shell, M. 550, was compared. It most resembles
the' I/, linear is, M. 554, with which it agrees in divergence and
general shape ; but that is very much smaller, with the upper whorls
more tumid. In the Professor's type of L. recta, I searched in vain
for traces of the " two brown spots." They were probably thrown
by defective light. The " two opaque spiral bands " are simply the
effect of the suture, and the previous whorl showing through. For
the Mazatlan shell, M. 550, I propose the name of L. involuta.
292. Eulima solitaria. This also is a Leiostraca, not " 1 Sty-
lifer," and accords exactly with the Leiostraca, sp. ind. a, M. 552,
but not with the supposed L. solitaria, M. 55 1 . The latter agrees
in shape with the unique Panama shell, whorl for. whorl ; but its
base and labrum are much more produced anteriorly. For this rea-
son, it may be known as L. producta.
293. Pyramidella, sp. ind. This is probably the Obeliscus de-
scribed in Maz. Oat. no. 486.
294. Pyramidella conic a = Obeliscus conicus, C. B. Ad., not
M. 486.
295. Natica chemnitzii=N. maroccana, M. 570. The Professor
first labelled these shells " N. ? maroccana, Chem.," but crossed it off
in pencil. Another tray appeared (without number) labelled "luni-
fasciata, Lam." They all belong to the large West Coast form of
maroccana. [N.B. The shells described in P. Z. S. as " var. call-
fornica," on the authority of the late Mr. Nuttall, are (with others
from the same source) undoubtedly from the Sandwich Islands.
The Pacific specimens (of which I have examined many thousands,
brought by Comm. Wilkes's E. E.) present a very different type from
those of the west coasts of Africa and America ; but are regarded
by Mr. Cuming as only a local variety.]
296. Natica ? lurida. These shells are simply a pale variety of
N. maroccana.
297. Natica otis, C. B. Ad. (not Brod. & Sby.). These shells
appear to be the young of Polinices " salangonensis," P. 298.
298. Natica 1 salangonensis. I had no opportunity of comparing
this Polinices with the species of Recluz.
299. Natica souleyetiana. The shells closely resemble N. ma-
roccana, but with a larger umbilicus.
300. Natica 1mrgineay C. B. Ad. (not Re'cl.) = Polinices uber,
M. 576.
301. Natica, sp. ind. a. There is no ticket answering to this
number, which was probably intended for the N. maroccanat var.
" unifasciata."
302. Natica, sp. ind. b. The shells are marked e, and are the
young of Polinices uber, P. 300, M. 576.
13 193
20 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.
303. Natica, sp. ind. c. The shell is marked/*, and is probably
= N. haneti
304. Nerita $cabricosta=~Mi. 326. After examining a multitude
of specimens from different parts of the coast, I have not the slightest
doubt of the identity of the forms called ornata and deshayesii.
305. Nerita, sp. ind. a=N. bernhardi, M. 327.
306. Neritina guayaquilensis. Stet. + iV. intermedia, Sby.
307. Neritina picta=WL. 329.
308-316. Stent. The shells described as "Auricula " belong to
Melampus.
317. Truncatella bairdiana. A good species.
318. 11 Truncatella dubiosa. This belongs to Hydrobia or some
similar Rissoid.
319. Bulla (Tornatina) infrequens=Tornatina i.t M. 222.
320. Bulla (Cylichna) luticola=Cylichna /., M. 221. The Ma-
zatlan shell is much more constricted than most of Prof. Adams's
specimens.
321. Bulla punctulata=B. adamsi, M. 224. The B. punctata,
A. Ad. = -B. punctu/ata, A. Ad., but is not the B. punctulata,
C. B. Ad.=£. puncticulata, C. B. Ad., MS. on ticket.
322. Bulla, sp. ind. = Tornatina cannata, M. 223.
323. Vermetus 1 glomeratus, C. B. Ad. (not Bivonia glomerata,
Lam.)= V. eburneiiSy M. 354. The shells sometimes assume a ru-
fous tint in the later whorls, in which state (if the Turritelloid apex
be concealed) it is liable to be confounded with Aletes centiquadrus.
Some of the Professor's shells belong to the latter species.
324. Vermetus panamensis, C. B. Ad. (? Rouss.)=^/e£es centi-
quadruSy M. 352.
325. Stomatella inflata is a Lamellaria with broken lip and very
much curved columella : v. M. 577. [A Sigaretusy with somewhat
sharper columella than the ordinary W. Indian form, was found
among the Professor's duplicate Panama shells ; but as it does not
occur either in the catalogue or the collection, it was probably dropped
in from the Jamaica series.]
326. Hipponyx, sp. ind. Of the Professor's "two small speci-
mens " marked " subrufa, jun.," one is H. grayanus, jun., M. 350.
The other may be the same, but is probably the young of H. bar-
batus. Neither are sufficiently perfect to determine with confidence.
327. Hipponyxlbarbata. Part of these specimens belong to H.
barbatus, M. 349 ; part to H. grayanus ; part are too much worn
to determine ; and one is a valve of Discina cumingii.
328. Hipponyxpanamensis=H. antiquatus, M. 347. The species
is very widely diffused, and varies greatly in each locality.
329. Hipponyx radiata-=H. grayanus, M. 350. The collection
194
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 21
•
also contains a tray labelled " Panama : C. B. Ad. don./' in which
are Hipponyx serratus, M. 346, H. barbatus, and Gadinia pentago-
niostoma, M. 270. This last name should he dropped, except as a
variety of G. stellata, Shy., which is the normal state : v. B. A. Rep.
1857, pi. 7. f. 3, a-g.
330. Calyptrcea aberrans. The Professor candidly allows that
" in texture this shell much resembles a valve of an Anomia" which
it undoubtedly is, the supposed "probably imperfect cup" being
the ligamental pit. The large muscular scar is very clearly de-
veloped ; but the others are faint, as is customary in young shells,
and might stand for either Anomia or Placunanomia. The valve is
thin and glossy inside. The outside is smooth, excepting the lines
of growth, and is encrusted with beautiful zoophytes. A tiny Ser-
pulciy which has coiled itself close to the umbo, carries out the idea
of a Calyptrseid spiral apex ; but a careful microscopic examination
displayed the true Anomoid nucleus, at a little distance from the
margin, as is common in the Mazatlan specimens of A. lampe,
M. 219.
331. Calyptrcea (Syphopatella) aspersa= Galerus conicus, very
worn and young, with the lamina broken away. One of the speci-
mens may perhaps be mamillaris.
332. Calyptrcea cepacea=^L 345.
333. Calyptrcea conica. These are dead specimens, of which a
few may be the true Galerus conicus, M. 332. But most of them
belong to the brown-tinted variety of (the Professor's G. regulari$=)
mamillaris : v. no. 340.
334. Calyptrcea dentata=^Crucibulum imbricatum, M. 343.
335. Calyptrcea hispida=Crucibulum spinosum, M. 344.
336. Calyptrcea imbricata. The two specimens are too much
worn to affiliate with confidence, the cups being broken out. The
outside is ribbed, with arrow-headed striae between the ribs. They
probably = Crucibulum i., var.
337. Calyptrcea maculata=Crucibulum spinosum, M. 344. See
the attempt to unravel the confusion in the synonymy of this family
in Maz. Cat. pp. 264-295. Three specimens marked by the Pro-
fessor " C. maculata, var.," are young, dead radiata, no. 339.
338. Calyptrcea planulata. This unique shell is simply a young,
flat C. cepacea, with the cup prominent, and the outside sculpture
faintly developed, from living in a hollow place. The striae are not
" obsolete around the apex."
339. Calyptrcea radiata— Crucibulum r. This rare and beautiful
species is quite distinct, even in the early stages, from all varieties
of C. spinosum.
340. Calyptrcea (Syphopatella) regularise Galerus mamillaris.
M. 333.
341. Calyptrcea umbrella= Crucibulum u. (=C. rudist Brod.).
195
22 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.
342. Calyptraa llunguis, C. B. A.d. = Crucibulum spinosum, jun.
(not Galerus unguis, Brod.).
343. Crepidula cerithiicola. Most of the specimens are the young
of C. onyxy M. 340 ; but a few are of C. incur va, M. 339.
344. Crepidula echinus = (7. aculeata, M. 334.
345. Crepidula excavata, M. 337.
346. Crepidula 1hepatica=C. onyx, M. 340.
347. Crepidula incurva, M. 339. A very interesting series of
specimens ; of which two or three are probably the twisted form of
C. onyx. One tray contains specimens adhering to other shells.
One, fixed diagonally on a Calliostoma, takes exactly the arrow-
headed sculpture of the var. Gal. imbricata, Brod. Another, grown
diagonally on Pisania gemmata, has the general aspect of a Chiton.
One, fixed on the back of its neighbour which has grown on a Cal-
liostoma, has the granular interruptions of the ribs transmitted
through the first specimen. The same is true of one which has
grown on another which was planted on a Pisania. One specimen,
which had established itself on a Calliostoma, and began with normal
ribs, is losing these at the margin, adopting the sculpture of the
Trochid. An extremely twisted specimen in the tray of separate
shells has a bifid deck. A young one had edged itself into the apical
part of the deck, as into a maternal pouch ; so the old one made a
fresh deck over it.
348. Crepidula lessonii. Most of the specimens are of C. nivea,
var., M. 341. Two shells, which have the apex perfect, display the
characteristic nuclear riblets. One dark-coloured specimen may be
a hybrid, and another (though too much worn for confident affilia-
tion) appears to be C. unguiformis. Among the duplicates, all the
specimens which were perfect at the apex presented the niveoid
nucleus, though white ; but generally the riblets were more or less
worn off.
349. Crepidula squama. These are the flat form (mostly dead
and worn) of C. nivea, M. 341. Some of them pass into lessonii.
Some are highly coloured, and may be the young of C. onyx ; one
even of C. incurva. One of the young shells in phial appears to be
(7. onyx ; but whenever the apex is perfect, it presents the typical
riblets : v. Maz. Cat. in loco.
350. Crepidula unguiformis. The apex being hidden in dead
shells, which I was not at liberty to break away, I could only exa-
mine one specimen, which appeared to be a C. nivea, var., as sup-
posed in Maz. Cat. p. 285. Of the loose specimens, scarcely any
are sufficiently perfect at the apex to speak with confidence. Most
of them, however, have the characteristic painting of the variety
squama ; and all may belong to the common species (C. nivea), ex-
cept one which is a true C. unguiformis, M. 342, on the back of
another shell, and a few which are probably C. onyx, var. Of the
duplicates, which I was at liberty to extract from the dead shells,
196
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 23
SOTT-P ITP undoubtedly C. nivea ; others truly C. unguiformis ; and
others probably C. nivea, but with the riblets worn away by the
crabs.
Sol. Crepidula nivea, M. 341. The specimens are small and
poor ; mostly rough, of the variety striolata passing into lessonii.
Wherever the apex is perfect, it presents the characteristic riblets,
but is generally white, not brown as in most of the finely grown
Mazatlan shells.
5f>2. Crepidula osculans. This is a perfect and extremely beau-
tiful specimen of Scutellina navicelloides, M. 269. The Professor
did not observe the non- spiral patelloid apex, and regarded the
" navicelloid " columellaas an extremely narrow deck. To the diag-
nosis in the Maz. Cat. may now be added " apice obtuso, sublcevi ;
vertice hand spirally vix conspicuo."
353. Crepidula rostrata—G. adunca, M. 338, ?non Sby. The
examination of a large series of specimens from the temperate fauna
has led me unexpectedly to confirm Mr. Reeve's opinion that they
are distinct. The northern shell is C. adunca, Sby. (=Garnotia
[Gray] solida, Hds. = C. rostriformis, Gld.) ; and the tropical shell
must take the prior name, C. uncata, Mke. (^=C. rostrata, C. B. Ad.,
Rve. = C. adunca, Maz. Cat., non Sby.).
354. Fissurella <zqualis= Fissurellidcea <%.
355. Fissurella alta=Glyphis alta, M. 280.
356. Fissurella macro trema. Stet.
357. Fissurella microtrema. These are dead specimens, of which
some are F. rugosa, var., M. 273.
353. Fissurella mus=Glyphis ineequalis, var., M. 279. These
shells are intermediate between the typical form find pica.
359, 360. Stent.
361. Fissurella virescens. It is doubtful whether any of the spe-
cimens are of the true virescens, M. 271, as they run into nigro-
punctata by insensible gradations. Perhaps both species may prove
identical.
362. Siphonaria characteristica=S. gigas, var.
363. 364, 365. Stent.
366. Siphonaria ? pica. These are young dead limpets (not
Siphonarice).
367. Lottia 1 patina, C. B. Ad. (non Esch.). These shells differ
from Acmcea mesoleuca, M. 263, in being black instead of green, and
are prettily striped.
368. 369, 370. Lottia, sp. ind. There may be two or even more
species of Acmsea, but it is not impossible that there is only one
among the professor's Lottise, some of the specimens being the
young of ? Patella, no. 371.
24 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.
371. ? Patella, sp. ind. This has the general appearance of P.
vulyata, but may be an Acmcea.
372. Chiton clathratus. (Genus indet.)
373. Chiton dispar, C. B. Ad.; not Lophyrus dispar, Sby. I
doubt whether any of the Professor's specimens belong to Sowerby's
species, which is black mixed with grey ; area-sculpture very faint ;
and sides imbricated, not rugulose. Among the duplicates were two
(if not three) species : — the principal one with side-sculpture in lobated
knobs, which may be named Lophyrus adamsii', a ?variety with
simple knobs ; and a well-marked species without distinct side areas,
which may be called Lophyrus tenuisculptus.
374. Chiton lluridus. Probably correct.
375. Chiton pulchellus= Callochiton p. + C. elenensis.
376. Chiton stokesii= Lophyrus s.
377. Anomia lampe, C. B. Ad. It is doubtful whether this is
identical with the northern species, M. 219,
378. Anomia tenuis. This is probably the young of the last
species, and may give it a name, if new. It is doubtful how the
diagnosis of the scars was made out; as they were not visible in
either of the specimens retained, being encrusted with dead animal
matter. They were not distinct even after its removal.
379. Anomia, sp. ind. a. Probably the same species as the two
last, although far too dead, worn, and young to decide. See notes
on the variations of A. lampe, Maz. Cat. p. 168.
380. Ostrea, sp. ind. a. The hinge notches of the upper valve
fit between corresponding teeth in the lower. Inside rather flesh-
coloured ; white, round margin. Scar kidney-shaped, dark in one
valve, light in the other. A young valve is white, and as pearly as
O. iridescens, M. 211. The species is best known by its tendency
to make a very broad limb in the exterior coloured part, spreading
out into palrnations. A very young specimen, though covered above
with Membraniporce, shows the characteristic corrugations through.
It may stand provisionally as O. panamensis.
381. Ostrea, sp. ind. b. This is probably a variety of O. pana-
mensis, but more coarsely grown, so that there is a smaller limb,
without palmations. Wherever the sculpture appears, there are evi-
dent traces of the peculiar corrugations. The inside has the same
characters, both of hinge, colour, iridescence, and scar.
382. Ostrea, sp. ind. c. Rather square hinge, without plications ;
one shell with an umbonal cavity. Pearly white. One specimen is
tinted on the scar, which may become coloured in the adult. It is
by no means "pentangular," and is more probably = O. rufa, Gld.,
than 0. columbiensis, M. 213.
383. Ostrea, sp. ind. d. The shells are broader than the Mazatlan
specimens of O. virginica, M. 212, probably from not growing on
twigs. The younger shells are very like O. edulis ; the older ones
198
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 25
have hollow umbos. One long shell, first marked e, but altered to d,
is the adult form ; several of the younger shells are doubtful.
384. Ostrea, sp. ind. e. = Ostrea, M. 215. Being a good species,
I propose the name of 0. amara. The Professor's " small var." is
not plicated, and appears to belong to O. conchaphila, M. 214.
[N.B. Additional specimens confirm me in the belief that O. pal-
mula, M. 214 b, is a distinct species.]
385. Spondylus lamarckii, C. B. Ad. = S. calcifer, M. 208.
386. Spondylus, sp. ind. a = Plicatula penicillata, M. 210.
387. Pecten inca=P. ventricosus, Sby., as in errata.
388. Pecten tumbezensis=P. aspersus, Sby., Hani. (? Lam.).
389. Lima angulata. Shells inflated, not gaping.
390. Lima pacifica (=L. arcuata, Sby., Hani.). Young shells,
species uncertain.
391. Avicula 1maryaritifera = Maryaritiphora fimbriata, Dkr.,
M. 204 = M. mazatlanica, Hanl. = Jf. barbata, Rve.
392. Avicula sterna, M. 203. A. libella, Rve., appears to me
the young of this specie*.
393. Perna, sp. ind. a = Isoynomon chemnitziana, M. 205.
394. Perna, sp. ind. b — I. chemnitziana, var. Rather more
finely grown, and with less colour, but certainly the same species.
The Professor's Jamaica specimens are labelled " bicolor, Ad."
395. Pinna maura, M. 200.
396. P'rtna tuberculosa. Three of the specimens appear to me
= P. maura, jun. The other may be the same, but is worn nearly
smooth.
397. Mytilus, sp. ind. a. Resembles the young of Modiola bra-
siliensis, but with a few hinge-teeth, as in M. edulis.
398. Lithodomus, sp. ind. a. Most of these specimens are of
Lithophagus aristatus, M. 176 ; one (perhaps two) are L. attenua-
tus, M. 173 (which is found from Lower California to Chili) ; and
one appears to be L. plumula, M. 1 75 ; but they are too young to
decide with confidence.
399. Modiola ? semifusca. These specimens all belong to the M.
brasiliensis, M. 1/1, but are much more like the ordinary Brazilian
specimens than are those from Mazatlan. As compared with the
latter, the Panama shells are more rounded, with stronger posterior
grooving, and with the angular ridge less marked. A similar shell,
undoubtedly from New Zealand, is considered by Mr. Cuming con-
specific.
400-404. Modiola, sp. ind. a, b, c, d, e. I could find no a or e
in the collection; but there were two trays marked/. Tray b — M.
capax, M. 170. c contains several specimens of Mytilus multiformis,
M. 168, strongly ribbed variety, perhaps intended for b, no. 401.
199
26 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.
d contains parts of six specimens, and perhaps should be a, no. 400.
They appear to be a variety of Lithophagus cinnamomens, M. 177,
but with broken shells, &c., agglutinized on the posterior side. /(I)
contains four specimens of M. multiformis, the semigreenish variety
(Maz. Cat. p. 119), and are probably intended for c. /(2) contains
two specimens of the same variety of M. multijormis, in the burrow
of a Lithophagus, and may stand for d or e.
405. Chama buddiana= C. (^.frondosa, var.)/orm'ca£«, M. 121, 1.
Additional specimens confirm me in regarding this species as distinct
from all varieties offrondosa. The Professor's shells not being very
characteristic, the diagnoses do not exactly accord. The shell stands
as C. buddiana.
406. Chama ? corrugata. The large valve appears a dead reversed
C. (frondosa) mexicana, M. 121, with the teeth perforated by Li-
thophagi. The other may be corrugata, very dead, of sienna-tint,
very pointed dorsally.
407. Chama echinata. These appear to me to be the young, partly
of C. buddiana, but principally of C. mexicana.
408. Nucula elenensis—Leda e., M. 199.
409. Nucula exigua, M. 198.
410. Nucula polita=Leda p. With semidiagonal lines.
411. Pectunculus assimilis+P. incequalis, M. 196.
412. Pectunculus Imaculatus. Stet.
413. Area alternata— Barbatia a.t M. 188.
414. Area laviculoides appears a young Scapharca.
415. Area emarginata=Scapharca e., M. 187.
416. Area gradata= Barbatia g., M. 194.
417. Arcagrandis, M. 180.
418. Area mutabilis— Byssoarca m., M. 190.
419. Area (Byssoarca) pholadiformis. This is simply an elon-
gated form of Barbatia gradata, probably from growing in the hole
of a Lithophagus. The umbos are " flattened " by erosion ; teeth
not "obsolete" under the glass; "ligament concealed" simply by
the compressed and elongated growth.
420. Area reeviana=. Barbatia r.
421. Area reversa—Noetia r.t M. 185.
422. Area similis. This is scarcely a variety of A. tuberculosa,
TM. 184. The specimens are dead and oiled, with most of the epi-
dermis abraded.
423. Area solida= Barbatia s., M. 195.
424. Area (Byssoarca) tob ay ensis= Barbatia illota, M. 193.
425. Area tuberculosat M. 184.
426. Area, sp. ind. a. These little shells approach the Noetia
200
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 27
type. Ribs fine, tuberculous, coarse on the angular side. Ligament
very narrow, truncated.
42". Cardita affinis. (Lazaria.}
428. Cardita laticostata=Venericardia I.
429. Cardita radiata. (Lazaria.)
430. Cardium graniferum, M. 134.
431. Cardium obovale=Hemicardia o.
432. Cardium planicostatum, C. B. Ad., not Sby. This looks like
a dead ballast- valve of Hemicardia media ; but it may be H. bian*
gulata.
433. Cardium procerum, M. 125.
434. Cardium senticosum, M. 126.
435. Venus lamathusia — Anomalocardia subimbricata, M. 113.
436. Venus discors= Tapes grains, Say, M. 1 1 0. The Professor's
specimens of this species and T. histrionicus are somewhat inter-
mixed.
437. Venus gnidia, M. 101. Dead specimens ; of which one may
possibly be Chione amathusia, M. 102.
438. Venus multicostata. Closely resembling the West Indian
form.
439. Venus pectunculoides= Tapes histrionicus, M. 109.
440. Venus subrugosa=Anomalocardia s.t M. 112.
441. Venus, sp. ind. a. A small species with concentric laminae,
armed with one posterior row of blunt spines. Interstices with mi-
nute concentric striae.
442. Venus, sp. ind. 6= Chione crenifera, M. 105=F. sugillata,
Rve. C. I. no. 43.
443. Cytherea affinis. Probably = Callista concinna, var., M. 99.
444. Cytherea aurantiaca= Callista aurantia, M. 92.
445. Cytherea consanguine a^= Callista c. Messrs. H. and A.
Adams have not made a subgenus to include this group of thin, in-
flated, almost colourless species.
446. Cytherea radiata=Trigona r., M. 83.
447. Cytherea squalida= Callista chioncea, M. 93.
448. Artemis dunkeri= Dosinia d., M. 90.
449. Artemis saccata=Cyclina subquadrata, M. 91.
450. Gouldia pacifica, M. 116.
451. Cyrena maritima. Stet. The collection also contains two
tubes, containing a very young " ? Cyclas " and another " Cyrenat
jun.," marked " Panama, C. B. Ad."
452. Lucina tellinoides=Felania t. Differs from F. sericatat
201
29 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.
M. 152, in having a yellow, not silky, epidermis. The specimens
vary considerably in thickness. The genus scarcely differs from
Miltha.
453. Capsa altior—Iphigenia a., M. 69.
454. Donax assimilisy M. 74.
455. Donax gracilis. Stet.
456. Donax navicula, M. 77.
457. Donax rostratus. This single valve proves to be the true
D. carinatus, M. 71, and not the shell which I called D. culminatus,
M. 72 ( = carinatus, var., Hani, in Mus. Cum.), which I subse-
quently affiliated to the supposed rostratus, Maz. Cat. p. 548, on the
authority of Dr. Gould's specimen. We were probably both misled
by the " very sharp angle," which (as compared with the other form)
I should call rounded, and the "concave" surface, which I should
translate into flat. The names have been altered in the Cumingian
collection since the Mazatlan shells were identified ; but Mr. Hanley
informs me that they are now correct; that the D. culminatus, M.
72, is his own original carinatus; and that the D. carinatus, M. 71
(olim Mus. Cum.), which is certainly D. rostratus, P. 457, must
stand under Prof. Adams's name.
458. Tellina aurora. Stet.
459. Tellina cognata, C. B. kd.=zPsammobia casta, Rve., teste
Cuming. The sculpture consists of semidiagonal striae passing over
the lines of growth. In other specimens examined from Panama
these are sometimes crowded, sometimes distant, occasionally flex-
uous, sometimes almost evanescent.
460. Tellina columbiensis. (Peroncea.)
461. Tellina concinna=Macoma c. The "slight tinge of pink"
I could not discover.
462. Tellina crystallina—Tellidora c.
463. Tellina cumingii, M. 55.
464. Tellina dombeyi=Macoma d., M. 50.
465. Tellina felix, M. 51. (Angulus.)
466. Tellina laceridens. (Peron&oderma.)
467. Tellina pror a. (Peronceoderma.)
468. Tellina puella. Not unlike T. felix, and distinct from M. 59.
469. Tellina rubescens. (Perontcoderma.)
470. Tellina siliqua. The two odd valves belong probably to a
Ma coma, in shape resembling Thracia phaseolina.
471. Tellina simulans=T. (Peronceoderm a) punicea, M. 54. The
species was described, for geographical reasons, from a young, pale,
and undeveloped valve. On comparing it with the Protestor's ov\u
West Indiau specimens, I could detect no difference.
202
i. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 29
472. Tellina sincera = Striffilla s.
473. Tellina vicina = Heterodonax vicinus. The shells are la-
belled T. versicolor by the Professor. They are larger than the ge-
neral run of West Indian specimens ; but the form is probably a
local variety of the old Heterodonax bimaculatus.
474. Tellina, sp. ind. a. The doubt concerning "concave" and
" convex" probably arises from an error in description.
4/5. Tellina, sp. hid. b. Looks exactly like the young of No. 4 74,
but with lateral teeth.
476. Tellina, sp. ind. c. Dead valves of T.felix, No. 465.
477. Petricola cognata. More characteristic specimens from the
same coast are affiliated by Mr. Cuming to P. pholadiformis, from
which this would probably not have been separated had it appeared
on the Atlantic coast.
478. Saxicava 1 tennis. The Panama shell is more like Petricola
than Saxicava, having two teeth in each valve, one of which is bifid.
Sowerby's species is called by Messrs. H. & A. Adams " Saxicava
tennis" (ii. p. 349) and " Petricola tennis" (ii. p. 441). Shell with
very fine radiating striae, crossed by irregular striae of growth.
479. Cumingia coarctata=C. lamellosa, var., M. 42.
480. Cumingia trigonularis, M. 43.
481. Cumingia, sp. ind. a=C. trigonularis, No. 480.
482. Cumingitty sp. ind. b= C. var. coarctata, No. 479.
483. Cumingia, sp. ind. c=M. 45. This appears a distinct spe-
cies, and may be quoted as C. adamsii, in remembrance of the labours
of Messrs. EL, A. and C. B. Adams.
484. Cumingia, sp. ind. c?=Maz. Cat. tablet 107, p. 31; well
rounded, with close striae. Probably distinct.
485. Amphidesma bicolor= Semele Ivenusta, M. 41 (non A. Ad.).
The " species" in this genus are often separated by very variable
characters.
486. Ampkidesma 1ellipticum= Semele e.
487. Amphidesma proximum. The type is not quite so elliptical
as the last species ; but as this is a very variable character (v. Maz.
Cat. p. 28), I should regard it as the same. It is not the Semele
proxima, M. 40 ( = S.flavescens, v. Maz. Cat. p. 548).
488. Amphidesma pulchrum= Semele p.
489. Amphidesma striosum = Semele s. I should describe the
shell as smooth, with very fine diagonal striae crossing the lines of
growth. It has the general aspect of S. pulchra. The teeth in one
valve are long and sharp.
490. Amphidesma tortuosum= Semele t. Teeth short and faint.
491. Amphidesma ventricosum= Semele v. The "zones" are very
203
30 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.
" ill-defined." Teeth scarcely visible. It looks outside like a dead
valve of Macoma solidula.
492. Crassatella gibbosa. Also found at Cape St. Lucas.
493. Mulinia donaciformis = M. angulata, M. 80.
494. Mulinia ventricosa=Mactrella exoleta, M. 78.
495. Lutraria elegans=Harvella elegans ; ascribed by Messrs.
H. & A. Adams to Florida (ii. p. 3/8), from which I have never
seen it. It is a rare, but (under different names) somewhat widely
diffused west-tropical shell. Its "analogue" from Florida and Ca-
rolina is Raeta canaliculata.
496. Mactra velata= Standella v. Vide M. 79. The "small
variety" is conspecific.
497. Anatina alia. This valve of Periploma may prove identical
with one of the four Gulf species. The spoon is supported under-
neath by a linear plate.
498. Pandora cornuta. It is singular that neither Prof. Adams
nor Dr. Gould observed that the peculiar characters of this species
are due to a fracture, producing a beak and sinus which are not seen
on the lines of growth. The sentences about the "rostriform pro-
jection," the " sinus," and the " prominent angle," should therefore
be erased from the diagnosis. The hinge-teeth consist of a long
sharp tooth, very pointed, in one valve, fitting against a less prominent
one in the other ; a slight ligamental tooth in the first valve only ;
and a very long, sharp, clavicular tooth in each valve, running near
the posterior margin, against the inside umbonal portion of which
the ligament is attached. Should it prove identical with P. clavicu-
lata, the earliest name (as being given in error) may advantageously
be dropped. It is surprising that Messrs. H. & A. Adams have not
divided the old Lamarckian genus even into subgenera.
499. Potamomya aqualis. 500. P.inflata. 501. P. trigonalis.
These three forms of Azara differ in outline, but not more than do
some other species of Corbulids and such shells as Trigona radiata.
The teeth, pallial lines, and general characters are the same in each.
The first two I should consider certainly identical ; and a large series
of specimens would probably graduate to the third.
502. Corbula bicarinata, M. 30.
503. Corbula biradiata, M. 31.
504. Corbula obesa. Stet.
505. Corbula ovulata, M. 33.
506. Corbula rubra. A young orange-tinted specimen of C. bi-
radiata, No. 503. The "broad flexure" is an accidental growth,
not shown in the lines of growth of an earlier stage.
507. Corbula tennis. Stet.
508. Corbula^ sp. ind. a. A very small angular valve, with sharp
concentric ridges. It may belong to C. pustulosa, M. 32.
204
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 31
509. Corbula, sp. ind. b. Dead valves of C. biradiata, No. 503.
To the same species may be referred C. polychroma. We were mis-
led by the different appearance of the dead shell, and by the locality-
mark in Col. Jewett's collection. His specimens were probably from
Panama or Acapulco.
510. Solecurtus affinis, M. 37. It is probable that this species
is identical with S. (tNovaculina) caribbceus. The Ariquibo speci-
mens of the latter in Mus. Amherst are more like the Mazatlan shells
than those are to the Panama type. Shells from Cape Palmas were
affiliated to the Caribbsean species by Mr. Cuming.
511. Solen rudis=Ensatella r. This interesting form passes
towards Pharella. It is called " Solena cbliqua, Spengl., var." in
Mus. Cuming.
512. Pholas crudgera. With the general aspect oiBarnea Candida.
513. Pholas tubif er a=- P holadidea t. Of the melanura type, with
a solid tube fitting on to the ends of the cups.
514. Pholas xylophaga. Of the Martesia type, without cups.
Dorsal and ventral plates long ; umbonal plates moderate ; wave of
the adolescent gape rather suddenly arched.
515. Pholas , sp. ind. a. Col. Jewett's specimens of the
same shell are named laqueata by Mr. Cuming. It is of the non-
waved, concameroid type; without radiating sculpture; concentric
lamellae beautifully frilled.
516- Pholas, sp. ind. b. So like P. dactylus that it might be
taken for a worn valve from ballast. The sculpture-ridges are, how-
ever, further apart ; hinge-chambers larger and more numerous, with
a little twisted lamina beyond ; gape less conspicuous.
517. Orbicula cumingii— Discina c., M, 14.
The shells unfortunately are all loose, in trays, with the autograph
names on tickets. Prof. Adams's West Indian collections are in the
same condition ; and both series are arranged together, in zoological
order, in the midst of the general collection. There is no evidence,
however, that they have been handled since the Professor left them,
none of the leading conchological writers in the New World having
thought it needful to go out of their way to complete a review of the
Professor's work. Amherst is situated on a branch railway, and is
within an easy walk of Northampton, Mount Holyoak, and the deli-
cious scenery of the Connecticut River. In the College buildings
are also deposited the most complete series of the Fossil Footprints
of the Connecticut River, and the mineralogical collection (including
the meteorolites) belonging to Prof. Shepnera.
205
c.
DIAGNOSES
OP
NEW FORMS OF MOLLUSKS COLLECTED AT CAPE
ST, LUCAS BY MR, J. XANTUS.
BY
PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B. A., PH. D.
From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series, Vol.
XIII., pp. 311-315, April, 1864. Ibid. (Nos. 15-36) pp. 474-479, June,
1864. Ibid. Vol. XIV. (Nos. 37-52), pp. 45-49, July, 1864.
( 207 )
DIAGNOSES
OP
NEW EOEMS OP MOLLUSKS
COLLECTED AT CAPE ST. LUCAS BY MR. J. XANTU&
BY
PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Pn.D.
THE specimens here described belong to the Museum of the
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. The first available
duplicates will be found in the British Museum or in the
Cumingian Collection. An account of the labours of Mr. Xantus
will appear in the forthcoming volume of British Association
Reports ; and detailed notes on the species may be consulted in
the American scientific periodicals for the current year.
Genus ASTHENOTH^ERUS*.
Testa extus "Thracice" similis : intus cardine edentulo, haud
spathulato ; cartilagine infra umbones sita.
1. Asthenoth&rus villosior.
A. testa insequivalvi, insequilaterali, umbonibus ad trientem lon-
gitudinis sitis ; tenuissima, alba, (sub lente) omnino minutissime
et creberrime pustulosa ; rugis incrementi obtusissimis, irregulari-
bus, maxime t. juniore, ornata ; epidermide tenui, pallide olivacea
induta ; parte postica truncata, parum hiante ; antica valde rotun-
data ; marginibus dorsalibus et ventrali parum excurvatis ; um-
bonibus angustissimis ; regionibus lunulari et nymphali subcari-
natis : intus, margine cardinal! utriusque valvse acuto ; ligamento
inconspicuo ; cartilagine subspongiosa, satis elongata, postice de-
flecta ; fovea haud indentata ; cicatricibus adductorum parvis,
subrotundatis ; sinu pallii majore, ovali, ad dimidium interspatii
porrecto. Long. -38, lat. -26, alt. '14 poll.f
* 'A.cr6€i>r)s, weak ; Qaiobs, hinge.
f The measures of length are taken from the anterior to the posterior
margins. The " detailed notes " are still in MSS.
14 209
2 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mottuski
2. Solemya volvulus.
S. testa minore, tenuissima, diaphana, vix testacea, cornea, pallkliorn,
imeis tenuibus, distantibus, fuscis, radiatim ornata ; postice tenui*
ter radiatim striata ; tumente, satis elongata, marginibus antuo et
postico regulariter excurvatis ; umbonibus vix conspicuis ; line?&
anticis divaricantibus, extus parentibus, intus lacunam cartila-
gineam definientibus ; cardine edentulo ; ligamento postice elou-
gato, antice curto, latiore, bifurcato ; cicatricibus adductorum
subi otundatis. Long. *85, lat. *25, alt. *14 poll.
3. Tellina (Peronaoderma) ochracea.
T. testa majore, parum insequilaterali, tenui, satis planata ; carneo-
ochracea, intus intensiore ; Isevi, nitida, marginem versus striis
increment!; postice vix radiatim striatula; ventraliter antice
valde excurvata, postice vix angulata ; marginibus dorsalibus ob-
tuse angulatis, umbonibus conspicuis ; ligamento tenui et cartila-
gine subinternis ; nymphis intortis : dent. card, utriusque valvae ii.,
quarum i. bifidus ; dent. lat. valvse dextrae ii.; siuu pallii irregula-
riter ovali, per duos trientes interstitii porrecto ; cicatr. adduct.
subovatis, nitidissimis. Long. 1'9, lat. 1*4, alt. '44 poll.
4. Psammobia (tAmphichana) regularis.
P. testa minore, regulariter ovali, subaequilateraii ; violacea, plus
minusve radiata seu maculata ; Isevi, striolis increment! ornata ;
epidermide tenui, flavido-olivacea induta, postice rugulosa ; mar-
ginibus undique regulariter excurvatis ; umbonibus vix projectis ;
ligamento conspicuo : intus dent. card, ii.— i., baud bifidis ; cicatr.
adduct. postica rotundata, antica ovali ; sinu pallii elongato, baud
incurvato, per duos trientes interstitii porrecto. Long. 1 '05, lat. 'bv
alt. -26 poll.
5. Callista pollicaris.
C. testa magna, ventricosa, solidiore ; epidermide tenuissima induta ;
sordide albida, umbonibus rufo-fuscis ; (t. adolescente) punctulis
crebris rufo-fuscis, et tseniis paucis circa nymphas oruata ; laevi,
striis increment! exceptis ; postice, et paululum antice, quasi pol-
lice impresso notata ; latiore, antice producta, sed baud angulata ;
postice unda depressa, supra nymphas radiante, inter costas duaa
obsoletas sinuante, margine subtruncato ; marginibus ventrali
rt-gulariter excurvato, dorsali rectiore ; lunula elongata, linea iia-
j»ressa definita, medio tumente, postice flaccida : intus Candida ;
dent. card, normalibus ; dente laterali valvse dextrae postico, valvt\»
sinistrse antico, usque ad extremitatem lunulse porrecto ; cicatr.
adduct. subrotundatis ; sinu pallii magno, rotundato, usque ad
medium interstitii porrecto. Long. 2*58, lat. 2*25, alt. T43 poll.
Figured by Mr. Reeve (Conch, f. 45) as " Dione prom, var."
The above diagnosis proves it to be a distinct and (ooMsulering
the general similarity of the thin, colourless, inflated group) a
speciea.
210
collected at Cape St. Lucas. 3
6. (Jallista (Tpannosa, var.) puella.
C.. testa "C. pannos&'^simili, sed multo minore, tenuiore, plerum-
que latiore ; sinu pallii majore, eleganter incurvato ; dent, card
multo tenuioribus, lat. ant. magis elongate ; lamina cardinal! urn-
bones versus sinuata : colore maxime variante ; nonnunquam ut
in C. pannosa triangulariter maculata ; plerumque ut in Tapete
virginea notata ; interdum albida, seu aurantia, seu fusca, baud
maculata ; rarius ut in Tapete fuscolineata penicillata ; rarissini-2
paucistrigata, seu maculis paucissimis. Long. *66, lat. *5, alt. 'J2
poll.
Variat t. transversa. Variat quoque t. subtrigona, et formis inter*
mediis.
Quoted by Mr. Reeve, under Dione pannosa, as " D. puella,
Cpr."; but the name was only given in MS. in accordance with
Mr. Cam ing's assertion that it was distinct. The colourless sub-
trigonal shells were regarded by Mr. Reeve as a separate species ;
but he did not allude to them in his monograph.
7. Levicardium apicinum.
L. testa s»nbtrigona, parva, tenuissima, nitidissima, sub com press a,
epidern<>de tenui induta ; radiis seu striis radiantibus nullis ; striis
concentfieis satis regularibus, subobsoletis, t. jun. magis extant-
bus ; umbonibus angustis, parum incurvatis ; margine ventrali
satis excurvato, antico parum producto, postico subtruncato,
dorsalibus obtuse angulatis : colore valde variante ; plerumque
pallide viridi-cinereo, rufo-fusco seu angulatim tseriiato seu macu-
lato seu punctate ; regione umbonali plerumque pallida, interdum
rufo-fusca seu aurantiaca ; parte postica baud intensiore : intus
plerumque citrina, hepatico varie penicillata : dent. card, et lat.
acutis, tenuibus ; margine minutissime subobsoletim crenulato.
Long. *55, lat. *5, alt. -3 poll.
Variat t. latiore. Variat quoque colore fere omnino hepatico, seu
carneo, seu pallide aurantiaco, seu pallide cinereo, seu albido :
rarissime ut in Tapete fuscolineata oraata.
8. Lucina lingualis.
L. testa solida, linguiformi, valde prolongata ; plerumque aurantiaco-
carnea, intus intensiore ; lirulis concentricis obtusis crebre ornata ;
marginibus undique excurvatis ; lunula minima, altissime excavata;
parte postica obscure biangulata, seu subrotundata ; umbonibus
anticis incurvatis; ligamento subinterno, lamina valid a ; dent,
card, et lat. normalibus, validis ; cicatr. adduct. posticis subovali-
bus, anticis satis elongatis ; linea pallii lata, rugosa ; margine in-
terno crenulato. Long. -88, lat. '92, alt. '4 poll.
Variat t. minus prolongata. Variat quoque t. pallide viridi, seu pal«
lide carnea, seu alba.
9. tCrenella inflata.
1C. testa yalde inflata, minuta, albida, subrhomboideo- orbicular? ;
211
4 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusks
diagonaliter parum producta ; marginibus subquadrangulatim ro-
tundatis ; umbonibus prominentibus, valde antice intortis ; tota
superficie ut ia C. decussata sculpta, costulis crebris radiantibus
sequidistantibus, hie et illic aliis intercalatis ; lirulis concen-
tricis decussantibus : intus margine dorsali brevissimo, arcuato,
dentato ; ligamento curtissimo, in fossa omnino interna, celata, la-
mina definiente, sito ; lamina cardinali sub umbonibus intus por-
recta, dentibus validis instructa ; marginibus internis omnino cre-
natis ; cicatr. adduct. subsequalibus, ventraliter sitis. Long. *1,
Int. -12, alt. -09 poll.
Located provisionally in Crenella from its likeness to C. de-
cussata, but with peculiarities of hinge and adductors which
approach Nuculina on one side and Cardilia on another.
Genus BRYOPHILA*.
Animal Aviculidseum, viviparum : inter algas, etc., habitans.
Testa Pinnaeformis, extus prismatica, intus subnacrea : ligamentura
solidum : umbones extantes, terminates, intus concavi.
10. Bryophila setosa.
B. testa parva, regulari ; cinerea, salmoneo sen chocolateo, intus sub-
jiacreo, exquisite tincta : t. juniore planata, semirotundata, dor-
saliter recta, eequilaterali, conspicue punctata : t. adolescente sub-
diaphana : t. adulta solidiore ; umbonibus rectis, terminalibus,
intus alte excavatis ; marg. dorsali breviore, recto ; antico recto ;
ventrali et postico late rotundatis : extus epidermide subspongiosa
v?stita, radiis setarum subdistantibus, marginibus eleganter pecti-
natis : intus ligamento solido dorsaliter producto ; limbo pallii
eequaliter prope marginem decurrente ; cicatr. adduct. subrnediana,
inconspicua ; postice hiante ; antice propter byssum tenuem si-
nuata. Long. -13, lat. '2, alt. '1 poll.
Like a minute Pinna, or a transverse Maryaritiphora without
eary, or an Isognomon without pits. Differs from the other
Aviculids in being viviparous, like some other minute bivalves.
11. tAtys casta.
tA. testa elongata, tenui, subdiaphana, albida; antrorsum paulum
tumidiore ; spira celata, lacunata, (t. adultse) baud urnbilicata ;
columella paulum intorta, effusa ; umbilico antico minirno ; labro
postice producto, obtuse angulato ; tota superficie subtiiiter spira-
liter striatula. Long. *4, lat. -18 poll.
On the confines of the genus, related to Cylichna.
12. Ischnochiton parallelus.
I. testa ovata, subelevata (ad angulum 120°); rufo-fusca, olivaceo
tincta ; valvis latis, marginibus parum rotundatis, interstitiis par-
* Epvov, sea-moss; <pi\os, loving.
212
collected at Cape St. Lucas. 5
vis ; ralvis intermediis valde insculptis ; areis lateralibus seriebus
granulorum ajugo radiantibus circitervi.; interdum irregularibus,
granis rotundatis, separatis, extantibus ; areis centralibus clathris
creberrimis, jugo parallels, horridis, extantibus, interdum granu-
losis, ornatis ; valvis terminalibus seriebus granulorum, circ. xx.,
interdum bifurcantibus, ut in areis lateralibus, ornatis ; mucrone
vix conspicuo ; limbo pallii angusto, pilulis furvicaceis creberrimis
minutis conferto ; lobis valvarum bifidis, terminalibus fisc? is
circ. xi. a parte externa simplici disjunctis. Long. '7, lat. '48,
alt. -16 poll.
Belongs to the group with minute setose scales.
13. Ischnochiton (? var.) prasinatus.
I. testa J. parallelo forma et indole simili, sed vivide viridi ; ar.
diag. seriebus bullularum ir; egulariter ornatis ; ar. centr. clathria
valde extantibus, acutis, jugo obtuso paiallelis, utroque latere
circ. xvi. ; valv. term, seriebus bullularum circ. xviii. ; mucrone
submediano, inconspicuo ; umbonibus baud prominentibus ; tota
superficie minutissime granulosa : intus valvarum lobis mediarum
i.- term, circiter x.-fissis ; sinu lato, planato ; suturis plauatis ;
limbo pallii angusto, minutissime squamulis furvicaceis creberrime
instructo ; interdum pilulis intercalatis. Long. '8, lat. *4 poll.,
div. 125°.
14. Ischnochiton serratus.
I. testa parva, cinerea, olivaceo hie et illic, prsecipue ad suturas,
punctata, interdum sanguineo maculata ; ovali, subdepressa, suturis
indistinctis ; tota superficie minutissime granulata ; ar. diag. valde
distinctis, costis latissimis obtusis ii.-v. munitis, interstitiis nullis;
marginibus posticis eleganter serratis ; ar. centr. costis acutis,
parallelis, utroque latere circ. xii. ; jugo obtuso, hand umboriato :
costis transversis, subradiantibus, fenestrantibus, interstitiis im-
pressis : mucrone mediano, obtuso; valv. term, costis obtusis, ut
in ar. diag., circ. xx. : intus valvarum mediarum lobis bifissis,
terminalium circ. ix.-fissis ; lobis suturalibus magnis : 1'mbo pallii
squamis majoribus, imbricatis, vix striatulis. Long. '34, lat. *2 poll.,
div. 115°.
Differs from Elcnensis in the sculpture of the terminal valves.
15. Nacella peltoides.
W. testa parva, leevi, cornea, subdiaphana, ancyliformi, apice elevato,
valde inaequilaterali, strigis pallide castaneis radiata ; intus niti-
dissima, subaurantia. Long. '14, lat. '11, alt. '05 poll.
= Nacella. sp. ind., Maz. Cat. no. 262, p. 202.
16. Acm&a (? var.) atrata.
A. testa solida, rugosa, conica, apice paulum antrorsnm sito ; extnfl
costis crebris rotundatis irregularibus, hie et illic majoribus
sculpta, baud apicem versus discordanter corrugatis ; interstitiis
213
G Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollush
minimis ; intus alba, castaneo et nigro varie maculata ; margine
latiore, nigro tessellato. Long. 1*3, lat. TO, alt. *5 poll.
Variat margine nigro-punctato, punctis plerumque bifidis. Variat
quoque costis parvis, creberrimis ; margine nigro.
Intermediate between " P. discors," Phil., and " P floccata"
Ileeve.
17. Acm&a strigatella.
A- testa A. mesoleucce simili, sed minore, baud viridi ; striolis miiii-
mis, confertissimis, plerumque erosis tenuissime sculpta ; albitui,
strigis olivaceo-fuscis, plerumque radiantibus, interdum confluen-
tibus picta ; apice ssepius nigro ; intus albida, margine satis lato,
strigis tessellato. Long. '9, lat. '74, alt. '3 poll.
Variat colore hie et illic aurantiaco tincto : strigis omnino tessellatis.
According to Darwin, this might be regarded as a cross be-
tween the northern forms A.pelta and A. patina, about to change
into the Gulf species, A. mesoleuca. The dark variety resembles
A. cantharus, but the very delicate crowded strias well distin-
guish it when not abraded.
18. Ghjphis saturnalis.
G. testa G. inaquali simili, sed minore, latiore, altiore, tenuissime
cancellata; striis radiantibus plus minusve propinquis, plus mi-
nusve nodulosis ; fissura prope trientem longitudinis sita, minima,
lirieari, medio lobata ; intus callositate albida, truncata. Long. '38,
lat. -24, alt. -18 poll.
The minute hole resembles the telescopic appearance of Satum
when the rings are reduced to a line.
Subgenus EUCOSMIA*.
Testa solida, nitida, variegata, baud nacrea : apertura et anfractus
rotundati : conspieue umbilicata : peritrema vix continuum, hand
callosum.
The shells here grouped are like small, round-mouthed, per-
forated Phasianella. The animal and operculum of the Cape
St. Lucas species are unknown. The Phasianella striulata, Maz.
Cat. no. 283 b ( = Turbo phasianella, C. B. Ad. Pan. Sh. no. 282),
and even the Lunatia tenuilirata, Maz. Cat. no. 572, are perhaps
congeneric.
19. TZucosmia variegata.
E. testa parva, Isevi, turbinoidea, nitente, marginibus spirse vakle
excurvatis ; rosaceo et rufo-fusco varie maculata ; anfr. nucleosis
regularibus, vertice mamillato ; normalibus iv., valde tumentibus,
rapide augentibus, sutnris impressis ; anfr. ultimo antice producto;
oasi rotuudata ; umbilico carinato ; apertura vix a pariete iuden-
* Th. cv, well ; Kocrp.ia} adorned.
214
collected at Cape St. Lucas. 7
tata; peritremate pene continue, acuto. Long. *1, long. spir. '05,
lat. -07 poll., div. 70°.
Variat interdum rugulis increment! ornata.
20. Eucosmia (tvariegata, var.) substriata.
E. testa E. variegatae simillima, sed anfr. circa basin et supra spiram
(nisi in anfr. nucl. Isevibus), interdum tota superficie tenuiter et
crebre striatis ; striis anfr. penult, circ. x.
21. Eucosmia punctata.
E. testa E. vamegata simili, sed multo majore, multo magis elon-
gata, angustiore, Phasianelloidea ; plerumque fusco creberrime
punctata ; umbilico parvo. Long. *22, long. spir. • 1 1, lat. • 1 5 poll.,
div. 50°.
22. Eucosmia cyclostoma.
E. testa parva, valde obtusa, lata, regulari, valvatoidea ; marginibus
spirae vix excurvatis ; pallide cinerea, fusco-olivaceo dense punc-
tata seu maculata ; anfr. nucleosis pallidis, mamillatis ; normali-
bus iii., valde tumentibus, suturis valde impressis ; apertura vix a
pariete indentata ; umbilico magno, subspirali. Long. '05, long,
spir. -025, lat. '05 poll., div. 90°.
Curiously like a small depressed Valvata obtusa, but with the
texture of Phasianella.
Genus HAPLOCOCHLIAS*.
Testa Colloniam simulans, sed baud margaritacea : apertura circu-
laris, varicosa : columella baud callosa.
The animal and operculum are unknown. Its affinities may
be with Ethalia.
23. Haplocochlias cyclophoreus.
H. testa compacta, parva, solidiore ; albida, seu pallide aurantiaca ;
anfr. v., rapide augentibus, suturis impressis ; tota superficie mi-
nutissime spiraliter striolata, nitida ; apertura rotundata ; peri-
tremate continue, incrassato, extus varicoso ; labio distincto ; axi
t. jun. umbilicata, adultse lacunata. Long. '19, long. spir. '06,
lat. -2 poll., div. 100°.
When laid on its base, this shell resembles Helicina ; but the
mouth is more like Cyclophorus. The young shell is semi-
transparent, and resembles a Vitrinella with thickened lip.
24. Narica aperta.
N. testa parva, inflata, tenui, alba ; anfr. nucl. ? ; norm, rapide
augentibus, lirulis crebris spiralibus, in spira hie et illic majori-
bus, a striolis creberrimis radiantibus minutissime decussatis ;
Suturis valde impressis ; apertura subcirculari ; umbilico maximo,
* TA. dTrXovs, unadorned j Ko^X/a?, snail.
215
8 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusks
carinato, anfractus intus monstrante. Long. '28, long. spir. '08,
lat. -Spoil., div. 110°.
25 . Fossarus parcipictus.
F. testa parva, solidiore, spira plus minusve elevata; albida, rufo-
fusco varie maculata ; carinulis spiralibus acutioribus, quarum
circ. vi. majpres, striolisque crebris cincta ; anfr. ultimo tumidiore ;
labro acuto, baud intus incrassato ; umbilico satis magno, ad mar-
ginem carinato : operculo normali. Long. '24, long. spir. '06,
iat. -2 poll., div. 90°.
The few specimens found are very variable in outline.
26. Fossarus purus.
F. testa F. angulato simili, sed alba, subdiapbana; anfr. nucl. ii.,
fuscis, ut in F. tuberoso cancellatis ; norm. ii. et dimidio, altis,
valde tumentibus, carinatis ; carinis iv., validissimis, acutissimis,
quarum ii. in spira monstrantur ; carinulis aliis antice et postice
plus minusve expressis ; tota superficie minute spiraliter striata ;
carinularum basalium interstitiis subobsolete decussatis ; apertura
late semilunata ; labro a carinis valde indentato ; labio recto, an-
gusto ; umbilico magno, carinato ; operculo fusco, valde pauci-
spirali, minutissime ruguloso, nucleo antico. Long. *08, long,
spir. -03, lat. '08 poll., div. 90°.
27. Litorina pullata.
L. testa parva, solidiore, luctuosa ; spira satis exserta ; nigrescente,
seu livido-fusco tincta, lineis spiralibus exilissimis pallidioribus or-
nata ; interdum obscure tessellata ; anfr. v., 'subplanatis, suturis
parum impressis ; sublaevi, striolis spiralibus termiter insculpta ; co-
lumella intus incrassata ; pariete baud excavato. Long. '4, long,
spir. -18, lat. '29 poll., div. 60°.
= Litorina, sp. ind., Maz. Cat. no. 399, p. 350.
28. Litorina (Philippn, var.) penicillata.
L. Ph. testa parva, lineis radiantibus, variantibus, delicatulis, rarius
ziczacformibus, et cingulis duobus spiralibus, quorum unum in
spira monstratur, elegantissime penicillata. Long. '33, long,
spir. -14, lat. '2 poll., div. 50°.
Closely resembling the West-Indian L. ziczac, var. lineata,
D'Orb. Intermediate specimens, however, clearly connect it
with the common Mazatlan form.
29. Rissoa albolirata.
R. testa parva, alba, crystallina, normali; marginibus spirae undatis;
anfr. nucl. iii., Isevibus, mamillatis ; norm, iv., medio subconvexis,
postice supra suturas planatis ; basi subplanata, effusa, baud um-
bilicata ; lirulis spiralibus crebris, obtusis, quarum circ. x. in spira
monstrantur ; apertura subovata, peritremate continue ; labro
216
Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusks. 9
nrcuato, vix antice et postice sinuato, calloso ; labio valido.
Long. •!, long. spir. *08, lat. *04 poll., div. 25°.
30. Fenella crystalline*.
F. testa alba, subcliaphana, turrita, rudiore ; marginibus spirse rectis,
parurn divergentibus ; anfr. nucl. ?.. . (decollatis) ; norm, v., valde
rotundatis, suturis impressis ; costis radiantibus circ. xvi.. valde
rotundatis, haud extantibus, interstitiis latis ; striis spiralibus
regularibus, in anfr. penult, xvi. ; apertura rotundata ; basi ro-
tundata ; peritremate continue ; labro extus varicoso ; labio cal-
loso. Long. '14, long. spir. •!!, lat. -05 poll., div. 20°.
31. ? Hydrobia compacta.
tH. testa Isevi, curta, compacta, latiore ; marginibus spirse vix ex-
curvatis ; anfr. nucl. normalibus, apice mamillato ; norm, iv., tu-
midis, suturis distinctis ; spira curtiore ; basi rotundata ; apertura
subovata ; peritremate continuo ; labio definito. Long. *04, long,
spir. -02, lat. '03 poll., div. 70°.
This unique shell may be a Barleeia.
32. Hyala rotundata,
II. testa (quoad genus) magna, tenui, alba, diaphana ; anfr. nucl.
normalibus, apice mamillato ; norm, iv., globosis, rapide augenti-
bus, suturis valde impressis ; basi rotundata ; apertura subrotun-
data, ad suturam subangulata ; peritremate continuo ; labio a
pariete separate, rimulam umbilicalem formante ; columella valde
arcuata. Long. '18, long. spir. '09, lat. '1 poll., div. 40°.
A unique shell, resembling a marine Bithinia.
33. Wiala electrina.
?D. testa subdiaphana, rufo-cornea, nitida; marginibus spirse parum
excurvatis ; vertice nucleoso, helicoideo ; anfr. iii., tumidis, suturis
haud impressis, apice magno mamillato; anfr. norm, iii., subplanatis,
suturis distinctis ; sculptura haud expressa ; tota superficie cos-
tulis obscuris, latis, spiralibus, quarum vi.-viii. in spira monstran-
tur, et iii.-v. circa basim rotundatam, interdum obsoletis, cincta ;
costulis radiantibus circ. xviii., subobsoletis ; apertura regulariter
ovata, ad suturam angulata, peritremate continuo ; basi haud um-
'bilicata ; columella regulariter arcuata. Long. *09, long. spir. *07,
lat. -03 poll., div. 30°.
34. Acirsa Menesthoides.
A. testa nitida, turrita, majore, solidiore, pallide fusca ; anfr. nucl,
laevibus ; norm, vi., subplanatis, suturis distinctis ; lineis crebris
spiralibus insculpta, quarum circ. viii. in spira monstrantur ; testa
adolescente lirulis radiantibus obsoletis decussata ; apertura sub-
ovali; columella solida, irnperforata. Long. '42, long. spir. -tf,
lat. -16 poll., div. 25°.
217
10 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusks
35. Cythnia asteriaphila.
C. testa C. tumenfi simillima, sed umbilico minore, baud carinato ,
tenuissima, diaphana ; anfr. iv., tumidis ; vert. nucl. normali, baud
stylineo, apice mamillato : operculo tenuissimo, elementis concen-
tricis, nucleo subrnediano sinistrorsum sito. Long. *03, long.
spir. -015, lat. -025 poll., div. 60°.
A solitary specimen was found by Dr. Stimpson, imbedded in
a star-fish, like Sty Una ; from which genus the vertex and oper-
culum distinguish it.
36. Bittium nitens.
B. testa regulari, rufo-fusca, hie et illic pallida, maxime nitente ;
anfr. nucl. iii., laevibus, tumidis, apice submamillato, subdeclivi ;
norm, vi., tumidis, suturis impressis ; costis radiantibus circ. xiv.,
haud contiguis, angustis, interstitiis undatis ; costulis rotundatis,
spiralibus, in spira iv., quarum postica multo minor, supercur-
rentibus, ad intersectiones subnodosis ; costulis circa basim sub-
rotundatam iv., haud decussatis ; apertura subquadrata ; columella
haud truncata, obtuse angulata ; labro acuto, a costulis indentato ;
labio inconspicuo. Long. -21, long. spir. -16, lat. -Od poll., div. 20°.
37. Manyelia subdiaphana.
M. testa parva, subdiaphana, albida, interdum rufo-fusco pallide
tincta ; satis turrita, marginibus spirse parum excurvatis ; anfr.
nucleosis iii., leevibus, diaphanis, apice marnillato ; norm, iv., satis
excurvatis, haud angulatis, suturis impressis ; fascia super spiram
pallide fusca, alteraque Candida contigua ; costulis radiantibus
xiv.-xviii., acutis, subrectis, distantibus, interstitiis undatis ; tota
superficie minute et creberrime spiraliter striata ; basi producta,
striis magis expressis ; apertura subelongata ; labro ad dorsum
incrassato, postice distincte emarginato, intus haud dentato ; labio
tenuissimo; columella recta, antice late canaliculata. Long. '19,
long. spir. •!, lat. '06 poll., div. 30°.
38. Drillia appressa.
D. testa parva, compacta ; rufo-fusca, interdum supra costas palli-
diore; marginibus spirse excurvatis; anfr. norm, vi., planatis,
suturis indistinctis ; costis tuberculosis radiantibus circ. xiv., antice
et postice obsoletis; striolis spiralibus creberrimis ; costa spirali
irregulari postica, tuberculosa, super suturas appressa ; area sinus
parvi vix definita ; basi satis prolongata ; apertura subquadrata ;
labio distincto. Long. '3, long. spir. '17, lat. *12 poll., div. 40°.
39. Cithara fusconotata.
C. testa parva, satis turrita, tenui, albida ; postice linea, seu serie
macularum, rufo-fusca, interdum altera peripheriali ornata ; mar-
ginibus spirse rectioribus; anfr. nucl. ii., rotundatis, apice mamil-
lato; norm, vi., in spira rotundatis, suturis impressis; basi satis
rotundata; costis radiantibus circ. ix., acutis, distantibus, antice
218
collected at Cope St. Lucas. 11
et postice subobsoletis ; tota superficie spiraliter sulcata, sulculis
subdistantibus, undatis, costas superantibus ; apertura subovali,
satis elongata, postice valde sinuata ; labro acuto, dorsaliter costu-
lato, intus baud dentato ; labio tenui. Long. '36, long. spir. -18,
lat. -16 poll., div. 40°.
40. Obeliscus variegatus.
O. testa 0. hastato simili ; nitidissima, striolis increment! exilissiirus ;
livido et castaneo varie nebulosa ; prope suturam canaliculatam
lineis albidis picta ; hie et illic callositate alba interna ; peripberin
circa basin insculpta, unicolore ; columella truncata, triplicata ;
plica superiore acuta, exstante, circa basim continua ; plicis anticis
parvis, spiralibus. Long. '44, long. spir. *3, lat. -15 poll., div. 23°.
41. Odostomia (Evaled) aquisculpta.
0. testa parva, ovoidea, alba, subdiapbanaj marginibus spirse sub-
rectis ; vert. nucl. ?. . . . , normaliter truncate ; anfr. norm, iv.,
parum arcuatis, snturis impressis ; tota superficie costulis spirali-
bus circ. xiv., quarum vi. in spira monstrantur, latis, planatis,
sequidistantibus ; interstitiis parvis; basi rotundata ; apertura
ovata; peritremate baud continue ; labro acuto ; labio subobsoleto ;
plica juxta parietem conspicua, acuta, transversa ; columella arcuata,
rimulam umbilicalem formante. Long. '07, long. spir. '04, lat,
•03 poll., div. 40°.
42. Odostomia (Evaled) delicatula.
O. testa tenuissima, alba, diaphana, nitente, elongata; margira-
bus spirse eleganter excurvatis ; vert. nucl. leevi, globoso, decli-
viter immerso ; anfr. norm, iii., subplanatis, suturis impressis ;
liris subacutis, spiralibus, quarum v. in spira monstrantur ; inter-
stitiis latis, undatis, creberrime decussatis ; basi elongata ; aper-
tura oblonga, peritremate baud continuo ; labro tenui ; labio vix
conspicuo ; plica juxta parietem exstante, declivi. Long. '075,
long. spir. '04, lat. '03 poll., div. 30°.
43. Chrysallida angusta.
C. testa parva, satis elongata, nitida, alba, sculptura minus expressa;
marginibus spirse parum excurvatis ; vert. nucl. parvo, subito
immerso, dimidium truncations tegente ; anfr. norm, v., planatis,
elongatis, suturis minus impressis ; costis radiantibus circ. xiii.,
plerumque lineis continuis marginibus utrinque parallelis, circa
basim productam obsoletis ; lirulis spiralibus angustis, in spira
circ. v., interstitiis decussantibus, supra costas baud nodulosis ;
apertura ovali ; peritremate parum continuo ; labro tenui, trarxs-
lucido ; labio tenui ; plica juxta parietem parva, obtusa. Long.
•095, long. spir. '065, lat. '028 poll., div. 20°.
44. Eulima fascostrigata.
E. testa minore, gracillima, albida, striga latiore rufo-fusca supra
219
12 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusks
peripheriam ornata ; basi quoque rufo-fusca, valde prolongata,
regulariter excurvata; anfr. nucl. ii., tumidioribus ; norm, viii.,
planatis, suturis baud conspicuis ; varicibus nullis ; apertura valde
elongata ; labro vix sinuate ; labio vix calloso. Long. '17, long.
spir. -12, lat. -05 poll., div. 20°.
45. Opalia crenatoides.
0. testa turrita, alba, marginibus spirae rectis; anfr. nucl.?,
% norm, vi., compactis, attingentibus ; costis radiantibus circ. x., in
spira plerumque obsoletis, ultimo anfractu validioribus, latis, baud
exstantibus, attingentibus, spiram lineis fere rectis ascendentibus ;
suturis inter costas altissime indentatis ; carina obtusa basali, su-
turee continua ; inter costas radiantes undique, ut in suturis, iu-
dentata ; costis interdum, propter lirulas spirales subobsoletas, sub-
nodosis ; columella baud umbilicata ; basi antice leevi. Long. '54,
long. spir. -38, lat. '23 poll., div. 30°.
Additional specimens may connect tbis with tbe Portuguese
0. crenata.
46. Truncaria eurytoides.
T. testa parva, turrita, gracili ; albida, ssepius fascia circa peripberiam
maculis fusco-aurantiacis picta ; anfr. nucl. mamillatis, laevibus ;
norm, v., effusis, subplanatis, ultimo paulum constricto ; costulis
radiantibus circ. xx., aperturam versus evanidis ; apertura sub-
quadrata ; labro baud incrassato, interdum intus subtiliter striato,
baud dentato ; labio appresso ; columella abrupte truncata.
Long. -3, long. spir. '2, lat. -11 poll., div. 23°.
Variat basi fusco tincta, seu tota superficie ut in Nitidella cribraria
picta.
47. Sistrum (? ochrostoma, var.) rufonotatum.
8. testa S. ochrostomati simili, sed minore, angustiore, vix tabulata ;
alba, linea punctorum rufo-fuscorum subperipberiali, interdum
lineis spiralibus, interdum ejusdem coloris maculis, ornata ; vert,
nucl. mamillato, anfr. iii., Isevibus, vix tumidis ; norm, v., plus
minusve elongatis, in medio nodoso-angulatis, postice planatis,
suturis ad angulum valde obtusum conspicuis ; seriebus nodulorum
spiralibus iii., quarum postica major, secundum costas radiantes
obsoletas circ. vi.-viii. ordinatis ; seriebus anticis inconspicuis ii. ;
interdum costulis spiralibus intercalatis ; canali brevi, rectiore,
aperto, angusto ; apertura subovali, vix subquadrata, intus pallide
aurantiaca ; labro acutiore, dorsaliter subvaricoso, postice ssepe
sinuato, intus obscure vi. -dentato ; labio conspicuo, interdum ex-
stante. Long. '5, long. spir. "23, lat. '32 poll., div. 60°.
Variat testa obesa, nodulis validis. Variat quoque testa acuminata,
nodulis subobsoletis. Long. '52, long. spir. '23, lat. '25 poll.,
div. 42°.
48. INitidella millepunctata.
IN. testa parva, nitida, livida ; spira exstante, anfractibus subpla-
natis, suturis distinctis ; anfr. nucl. Isevibus, adolescentibus obso-
220
collected at Cape St. Lucas. 13
lete radiatim lirulatis, adultis Isevibus ; zona alba postica, suturam
attingente, aurantiaco maculata ; tota praeter zonam superficie au-
rantiaco puncticulata, punctis minimis, creberrimis, in quincunces
dispositis ; apertura subquadrata ; labro incrassato, intus vi.-den-
tato; labio exstante, a lirulis circa basim spiralibus indentato.
Long. -3, long. spir. '17, lat. '15 poll., div. 40°.
Differs from Columbella albuginosa, Eve., in its peculiar and
constant painting.
49. tNitidella densilineata.
'IN. testa IN. millepunctatam forma et indole simulante, sed omnino
nitida, anfractibus planatis, suturis indistinctis, striolis circa basim
minimis ; livida, lineolis aurantiaco-fuscis divaricatis, ssepe ziczac-
formibus, densissime signata. Long. P25, long. spir. '15, lat. *1
poll., div. 35°.
The opercula of these two species being unknown, tbeir
generic position remains doubtful. The same is true of the two
following.
50. ?Anachis tincta.
1A. testa parva, turrita, albida, rufo- aurantiaco supra costas tincta ;
anfr. nucl. laevibus ; norm, iv.-v., subplanatis, suturis \alde im-
pressis ; costulis x. radiantibus, et liris spiralibus transeuntibus,
in spira iii. supra costas conspicuis, unaque in sutura, dense in-
sculpta; interstitiis alte caelatis ; apertura subquadrata; labro in
medio incrassato. Long. *19, long. spir. '12, lat. *08 poll.,
div. 30°.
5 1 . tAnachis fuscostrigata.
1A. testa parva, turrita, livida, nitida ; zonis rufo-fuscis, subspiralibus,
in spira circ. iii., interdum, maxirne ad basim, confluentibus, con-
spicue cincta ; lirulis radiantibus subobsoletis, circ. x., prope su-
turarn se monstrantibus ; apertura subquadrata. Long. *13, long,
spir. -095, lat. -045 poll., div. 20°.
52. Pisania elata.
P. testa minore, valde turrita, Latiroidea ; alba, rufo-fusco antice et
postice varie maculata seu strigata; anfr. nucl. ?. . . . ; norm, vi.,
convexis, suturis impressis ; costis radiantibus vi.-viii., obtusis,
interstitiis undatis ; lirulis spiralibus distantibus, in spira plerum-
que iii., aliis minoribus intercalantibus ; canali angusto, sub-
recurvato ; apertura subovata ; pariete postice dentata ; columell?
parum contorta. Long. "68, long. spir. "37, lat. *29 poll., div. 38°
221
D.
CONTRIBUTIONS
TOWARDS A
MONOGRAPH OF THE
BY
PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B. A., PH. D.
From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 596-603,
November 22, 1864.
( 223 )
CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A M ONOGR VPH OF THE PANDORIDJB.
BY PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Pn.D.
IT is remarkable that, notwithstanding the zeal with which most of
the old genera have been divided, to meet the wants of modern rr.ala-
cology, the genus Pandora, Lam., has been left untouched by Dr.
Gray, Messrs. Adams, and their follower, Chenu. Yet the species
known to the elder Sowerby present three distinct types of hinge,
which were well figured by him in his ' Conchological Illustrations.*
Specimens and even species of Pandora (except of the well-known
N. Atlantic forms) being very rarely seen in collections, it is pre-
sumed that naturalists have had but few opportunities of studying
them. Mr. Cuming having most kindly allowed me to examine the
hinge of all the species in his collection, it has appeared desirable to
propose two new genera, and also to group part of the typical species
under a subgenus.
It was at one time thought that the presence of an ossicle in the
cartilage was a family mark of inatinidcc, to which Myadora from
Pandoridce, and Tellimya from Kelliada, were consequently removed.
One of the new genera of Pandorids, however, possesses a well-deve-
loped ossicle ; and a small one is seen even in some species of the
normal genus.
The most highly organized structure in the family is found in the
North American genus Clidiophora, which has both clavicle* and
ossicle ; the next is the East- Indian group Ccelodon, which wants
both clavicle and ossicle, but possesses a tent-shaped dentition in the
left valve. The simplest form is the well-known Pandora, which
has neither clavicle, tent, nor ossicle ; but in the subgenus Kennerlia
the ossicle is present. The genus Myodora is quite distinct, but
connected with Pandora through Kennerlia.
Genus CLiDiopnoRAf.
Testa Pandoriformis, ventraliter expansa; valva dextra tridentafa,
dente postico elonyato ; valva sinistra scepius bidentata, dente
antico simplici ; cartilogine ossiculo frmata ; sinu pallii nullo.
1 . Type, CLIDIOPHORA CLAVICULATA, Cpr. (Pandora cl.) P.Z.S.
1855, p. 228.
* The word " clavicle " is used (in default of a better) to denote a linear dental
process running into the body of the shell, often serving as a support to the car.
dinal plate, as in Anatina and some species of Placunomia.
t Tli. K\ciFiov, a clavicle ; 0ecpu>.
15 225
In the dentition of the right valve this genus resembles Ccelodon,
except that the posterior lamina is greatly developed, resembling a
clavicle. The left valve wants the central tooth and chamber of that
genus. This structural deficiency, however, is compensated by the
development of an ossicle in the long cartilage. As far as is known,
all the species are from North and Central America, and are swollen
ventrally.
2. CLIDIOPHORA CRISTATA.
C. t. securiformi, minus transversa, tenui, subplanata ; umboni-
bus ad -J longitudinis sitis ; ventraliter maxime excurvata ;
marginibus dorsalibus, post, maxime incurvato, ant. hie et illic
alulis triangularibus cristato : intus marginibus posticis utra-
que in valva erectis : v. dextr. dente postico satis lonyo, cica-
trice adductoris tenus hand porrecto ; dente centrali extante ;
dente antico a margine separato, usque ad cic. anticam porrecto,
hand extante : v. sinistr. dente post, bijido, haud extante, al-
terum recipiente, fossa cartilaginea contigua ; d. centr. nullo ;
d. ant. satis extante, usque ad cicatr. anticam porrecto ; linea
palJiari a margine valde remota, regulariter in puncta divisa ;
radiis ab umbonibus usque ad puncta conspicuis, cequalibus ;
ossiculo tenui, elongate.
Long. 1-0, lat. '6, alt. -1 poll.
Hab. in sinu Californiensi ; legit Conway Shipley diligentissimus;
sp. un. in Museo Cumingiano.
This species is known from C. claviculata by the much greater
posterior curvature of the beaks, and anteriorly by the beautiful tri-
angular wing-like serrations of the margin, in which it resembles
Teliidora burneti. The inside has elegant rays from the umbo to
the dotted pallial line.
3. CLIDIOPHORA TABACEA, Meusch. (Mus. Gron.).
Specimens under this specific name are preserved in the Cumingian
collection.
3 a. CLIDIOPHORA TRILINEATA, Say (Pandora tr.), Hani. Rec.
Shells, p. 49.
3 b. CLIDIOPHORA NASUTA, Sby. (Pandora n.), Sp. Conch, f.
18, 19.
It is probable that these are simply varietal forms of the well-known
New England species. Say's name and Sowerby's excellent figure
prove that the peculiar hinge of the genus was observed by both
authors. Mr. Cuming gives " Philippines " as the habitat of his
specimens of C. nasuta, prob.ibly in error. Mr. Hanley quotes it as a
synonym of C. trilineata. An examination of a large series from Staten
Island proves that the outline varies considerably. The tablet in
the Nuttallian collection at the British Museum, marked Pandora
punctata3 belongs to this species. Young shells, when quite perfect,
226
display faint radiating grooves on the prismatic layer of the flat valve,
as in Kennerlia.
4. CLIDTOPHORA PUNCTATA, Conr.
Thrs very rare species was only known in England by worn left
valves in the British Museum, and in Mr. Cuming's and Mr. Hanley's
collections. The first perfect specimens were dredged by Dr. J. G.
Cooper (Zoologist to the Californian State Survey) at San Pedro.
A young shell, sent by him to the Smithsonian Institution, displays
a dentition agreeing in the main with C. trilineata. In the flat
valve, the central and anterior teeth are close together and nearly
parallel ; the anterior short, nearly obsolete ; the middle long and
sharp, corresponding with the long, sharp tooth in the convex valve,
which points to the outside of the anterior scar, instead of to the
middle, as in G. trilineata. The (posterior) clavicle-tooth in the fiat
valve is longer than in the Eastern species, with the cartilage on it
for two-fifths of the length. In C. trilineata it lies by the side, nearly
the whole way. The posterior margin of the convex valve fits between
the clavicle and the margin of the fiat valve. The ossicle is remark-
ably long and thin. The punctures are extremely conspicuous even
in this young, transparent, and papyraceous specimen ; and, what is
more peculiar, the dried remains of the animal are covered with
minute pearl-shaped grains of shelly matter corresponding with them.
4 a. CLIDIOPHORA DEPRESSA, Sby.,=Pandora d., Sp. Conch, f.
11, 12 ; Hani. Rec. Shells, p. 49.
The "posterior" dilated side of Sowcrby is the " anterior'' of
Hanley. The species was constituted from a " very few specimens,
all of them much worn down, as if they had been used as ornaments."
The hinge therefore may not have been accurately observed. They
were part of the Humphrey collection, and perhaps from the Califor-
nian region. Judging from the shape (for no type has been disco-
vered), it may be identical with C. punctata, Conr.
5. CLIDIOPHORA ACUTEDENTATA (vice C. B. Ad.).
C. t. parum " elongata, ovata ; parte postica " hand rostruta,
latiortyobtusa; " margine dorsali " postico "subrecto; margins
ventrali rotundato" hand tumente ; parte antica curtiore ;
" umbombus sul&yaaltter subconvexis, itmbone dextro postice
anaulato": intus, v. convexa dente antico magno, acutissimo,
medio parvo, postico va'ido, maxime elongate ; v. planata den-
tibus antico et postico acutis ; ligamentojuxta dentemposticum
sito.
"Long. 7, lat. -42, alt. '11 poll."
Hab. in Panama : sp. unicum, postice fractum, legit C. B. Adams
deploratus : Museo Coll. Amherstiange : = Pandora cornuta (Old.),
C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, no. 498, P.Z.S. 1863, p. 368.
Prof. Adams's "appropriate name suggested by Dr. Gould " being
calculated to mislead, I have thought it necessary to change it.
227
Most of the original diagnosis must also be dropped, the parts above
quoted being all that it is desirable to retain. The present descrip-
tion is written from notes and drawings made on a careful examina-
tion of the broken type. The lines of growth show that, so far from
being " cornute," the species is remarkable for the absence of beak,
— the margins being more equally rounded even than in P. nltitsa,
which in shape it somewhat resembles. The hinge is almost exactly
like that of C. claviculata, jun., but differs in the somewhat greater
proportionate length of the clavicle, and in the unwonted size and
sharp pointing of the anterior tooth. The new name has been chosen
to record this peculiarity, rather than follow the modern custom of
naming from the author of the mistake. The best naturalists occa-
sionally err ; but corrections can be made without affixing a false com-
pliment in perpetuity.
6. ?CLIDIOPHORA DISCORS, Sby. (Pandora d.)> P. Z. S. 1835,
p 99 ; Sp. Conch, f. 29, 30.
The type has not been discovered ; the figure and diagnosis only
relate to the outside ; and the habitat is riot stated. The genus is
therefore doubtful ; but in shape it resembles the young of C. clavi-
culata.
7. ? CLIDIOPHORA ARCUATA, Sby. (Pandora «.), Sp. Conch, f.2/,
28 ; P. Z. S. 1835, p. 93 ; Hani. Rec. Shells, p. 49.
The worn valves in the Cumingian collection do not allow of a
confident determination of the genus.
Genus CCELODON*.
Testa Pandoriformis : valva sinistra dentibiis duobus, cicatrirem
adductoris anticam versus radiantibus, lamina infra cavernosa
junctis : ossiculo nullo : sinu pallii nullo.
The shells of this group vary considerably in shape and dentition
in the different species ; but agree in this, that in the left valve there
is a kind of tent, formed by a thin laminated roof lying on the top of
two diverging teeth. It is hard even to guess what is the use of this
(perhaps unique) structure ; especially as its opening is not towards
the body of the shell, but directly facing the anterior adductor. It
is seen at once on opening the typical species, which was well figured
by Sowerby, Sp. Conch, f. 22. In the aberrant forms it might easily
be overlooked, and a glass is needed to detect it in small specimens ;
but if it exists, the shell can be supported on a pin thrust into the
" hollow tooth." When more species are known, the group may
require subdivision, the C.Jlexuosus especially presenting a marked
transition to Clidiophora. In that genus the posterior part excels
in development ; in Ccelodon, the anterior. -All the known species
ft re from the Eastern seas, but are very seldom seen in collections.
An enlarged diagnosis of the type species is offered.
* Th. icotXos, hollow ; 6$oi>v, tooth.
228
1. C(ELODON CEYLANTCUS.
Pandora ceylanica, Sby. P. Z. S. 1835, p. 94 ; Sp. Concli. f. 20,
21, 22, = P. ceylonica, Hani. Rec. Shells, p. 50, = P. indica, Chenu,
Man. Conch, ii. p. 54. f. 214.
C. t. planata, rostrata, securiformi ; ventraliter maxime, antica
satis excurvata ; margine postico dorsali valde incurvato :
intus,valva dextra, margine postico rectanvulatim superstante,
dentibus anticis ii. prcelongis, satis extantibus, usque ad cica-
tricem adductoris continuis, dentem cavernosum vaivce altering
amplectantibus ; dente postico curtiore, extante, fossam carii-
lagineam per totam longitudinem gerente : vaioa sinistra, mar-
gine postico subrectangulatim superstante ; sulco postico
dentem v. alt. recipiente ; dentibus anticis usque ad cicatncem
adductoris continuis, centrali lonffiore, plus quam dimidio inter-
stitii lamina tenui tecto, ventraliter arcuato.
Under this species, of which the correct locality appears in the
name, Mr. Sowerby quotes "a single specimen obtained at Island
Muerte, W. Columbia, 11 fm., by Mr. Cuming." The hinge may
not have been examined. The shell quoted does not now appear in
the Cumingian collection, and probably belonged to Clidioyhora
claviculata, which in shape resembles the typical Cwlodoii.
1 a. CCELODON CUMINGII, Hani. (Pandora c.), P. Z. S. 1861,
p. 272.
This agrees with the last species in shape and dentition, and is
probably only a variety.
Hob. Philippines (Cuming).
2. CCELODON DELICATULUS, A. Ad. (Pandora d.) P. Z. S. (diagn.
auct.).
• . . marginibus dorsalibus ad angulum circ. 160° diver gentibus :
cardine v. dextr. dente postico satis elongato ; centrali curto,
ad umbonem valde calloso ; antico longissimo, cicatricem ant.
superante, margini contiguo : v. sinistr. dente centrali curto,
supra cavernam evecto, in anticum pralongum continuo.
In this species, the shape of which is not unlike P. obtusa, though
less transverse, the anterior teeth are enormously developed at the
expense of the central. These are short, but prominent ; in the left
valve bent over, along the whole length, to form the roof of the
chamber, and then drawn on into the anterior tooth.
3. CCELODON ELONGATUS, n. s.
C. t. parva, tenuissima, maxime planata ; parte antica minore,
excurvata ; ventraliter valde excurvata, postice jnaxime elon-
gata, rostro angustiore ; dorsaliter valde incurvata : intus, v.
dextr. dente post, satis longo ; d. centrali prcelongo, postice
flectOy cicatricem adductoris parum superante ; d. antico mi-
nore : v. sinistr. cartilagine valde elviiyata, postice sita ; d.
229
centrali preelongo, postice fccto ; d. antico minore a margine
remoto, lamina totias longitudinis ad centralem juncto.
Long. -()5, lat. «3, alt. -05 poll.
Hub. in China et Borneo (Mus. Cuminy.).
This species is the Eastern representative of P. rostrata, as is C.
ddicatulus of P. obtusa. It has the reverse dentition, the central
tooth being very long, and the anterior short, bridged over to meet
it at the whole length. In the Borneo shell, which is larger, the
anterior tooth is rather longer, with the front margin of the ceiling
more incurved; but the differences are probably due to increased
age only.
4. CCELODON FLEXUO*US, Sby. (Pandora /.), Sp. Conch, f. 13,
14, 15; Hani. Rec. Shells, p. 49'(diagn. auct.),
• . . cardine v. dextra dente postico prcelongo, a margine separatot
usque ad cicatr. adduct. porrecto ; fossa cartilaginea curia,
inter denies post, et centr. sita / d. centr. curtissimo, maxime
ex t ante, retrorsum dejtecto ; d. ant. minimo, pene obsoleto : v.
sinistr. sulco prcelongo postico ; fossa cartilaginea separata^
cvrtiore ; d. centr. extante, curtissimo, supra cavernam pyn-
formem, in dentem anticum usque ad cicatr. adduct. prolonga-
turn, porrecto.
This long-known but rare Red Sea species is to Pandora what
Tnsis (Gray) is to Area. It is swollen and twisted, and, by its
long clavicle, forms an interesting transition to Clidiophora.
4 a. 1 CCELODON UNGUICULUS, Sby. (Pandora u.), Sp. Conclu
f. 16, 17; Hani. Rec. Shells, p. 49.
The type has not been found of this species, which was described
from a convex valve only. It clearly belongs to the same section as
C.flexuosus, and, though the shape is somewhat different, perhaps
it is only a variety.
Genus PANDORA, Lara.
It is proposed to limit this genus according to the diagnosis of Sow-
erby, founded on Lamarck's. Succeeding naturalists have adopted
the diagnosis, while they have included in it species to which it did
not apply*. It presents a very simple type of hinge, as though the
Pandorid idea were gradually fading away towards Myodora. The
P. wardiana is the finest species in the group ; but it is scarcely
typical, having the radiating grooves of the section Kennerlia. The
Lamarckian type is the Tellina in&qualis of Linnaeus.
1. PANDORA ROSTRATA, Lam., Forbes & Hani, et auct. plur.=
P. inagualis, Linn., Gray, Add.
*
* Chenn, however (Man. Conch, ii. p. 51), gives an original and extended
diagnosis, in which he accredits to the whole genus " une dent triangulaire,
aplatie, bifurquee. dont la portion anterieure, plus longue, se prolonge jusqu'a
1'impression musculaire anterieure " — a character which only belongs to the sec-
tion Ccelodou,
230
2. PANDORA OBTUSA, Lam,v auct,
3. PANDORA BREVIFRONS, Sby., Sp. Conch, f. 25, 26; P. Z. S.
1835, p. 93.
4. PANDORA CISTULA, Gld. Otia, p, 77.
This species is not quoted in the index to the E. E. Moll., but
appears in the text (p. 396') and in the Atlas (f. 500). In shape,
but not in texture, it resembles P. oblonga.
5. PANDORA OBLONGA, Sby., Sp. Conch, f. 10; Hani. Rec. Shells,
p. 49.
The unique type of this species, from Humphrey's collection, has
not been found ; it was not described in the P. Z. S., and very closely
resembles P. rostrata.
6. PANDORA RADIATA, Sby., P. Z. S. 1835, p. 24; Sp. Conch.
f. 23, 24.
7. PANDORA WARDIANA, A. Ad. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 487.
No ossicle has been observed in any of the above species. If it be
found hereafter in living specimens of the grooved P. radiata and
P. wardiana, they should be removed to the subgenus. The group
il^not local, as appears to be the case with Ccelodon and Clidiqphora,
being found in both hemispheres and on both sides of the equator.
Subgenus KENNERLIA*.
Pandora cartilagine ossiculo tenuiore instruct a ; lamina exte-
riore prismatica valv& planatte radiis plerumque insculpta.
The typical species have radiating grooves in the exterior prismatic
layer of the right valve. These have not been observed in K. gla-
cialis, but perhaps the specimens are somewhat decorticated. The
essential character is the possession of an ossicle. This is well deve-
loped in K. glacialis, but so thin in the other species that it is often
hidden in dried shells by the contraction of the cartilage. The first
species in which it was observed (Dr. Kennerley having sent several
fresh specimens, preserved in alcohol, to the Smithsonian Institu-
tion) was
1. KENNERLIA FILOSA, n. s.
K. t. tenui, planoconvexa, maxime rostrata ; marginibus dorsa-
libus rectis, ad angulum circ. 160°; ventrali regulariter et
modice excurvato, postice vix sinuato ; epidermide olivacea,
plerumque erosa, postice corrugata ; lamina externa prismatica
spongiosa ; valva planata radiatim sulcata (quasi filosa) , sulcis
distantibus; valva convexa, costa obtusissima postice decurrente;
* Named in grateful remembrance of the services rendered to science by the
late Dr. Kennerley, the naturalist to the American N. Pacific Boundary Survey ;
whose premature death has interrupted, almost at the onset, our knowledge of
the dredging- faun a of Puget Sound
231
lineis sen undis incrementi conspicuis : intus dente cardinali
uno, parvo, extante ; callositate claviculoidea antica, maryini
contigua ; fossa cartilayinea postice sita ; cicatricibus adduc-
torum rotundatis, margini dorsali contiguis ; linea pallii sim-
plici.
Long. -8, lat. *4, alt. '12 poll.
Hab. in sinu Pugetiano (Kennerley).
2. KENNERLTA BICARINATA, n. s.
K. t. " K. filosee " simili, sed hand rostrata ; postice latiore /
carinis in valva convexa duabus, in valva planata una, ex umbo-
nibus postice decurrentibus ; lamina prismatic a radiatim sul-
cata, hand sponyiosa ; valva convexa tenuiter indentata ; liga-
mento elongate, tenuissimo.
Long. -5, lat. '25, alt. '06 poll.
Hab. in insula Catalina, Californise ; 40-60 uln., rara (Dr. J. G.
Cooper. State Geological Survey Coll. no. 1063 ; M us. Smithsonian
Inst.).
The shape and keels at once distinguish this heautiful little species
from its Northern ally, with which, in the hinge and threading of
the outer layer, it exactly agrees. The ligament in both species is
extremely thin, holding the valves together from the umbo to the
posterior end. The fossil Pandora bilirata, Conr., may prove idea*
tical with this recent species ; but the diagnosis, figure, and type
specimen are so imperfect that it would be too hazardous to affiliate
them.
3. KKNNERLIA GLACIALIS, Leach (Pandora gl.}, Sby. Sp. Conch.
f. 4, 5, 6 ; Hanl» Rec. Shells, p. 49 (diagn. auct.).
. , .valva dextra callo conspicuo fossam cartilagineam Jirmante;
ossiculo fortiore.
The known species of Kennerlia are thus confined to the North
Pacific and the Arctic seas. The diagnosis of No. 1 belongs to a
paper on Dr. Kennerley's new species in the Journ. Ac. N. S. Philad. ;
and that of No. 2 to a series of papers on Dr. Cooper's new species
in the Proc. Calif. Ac. N. S. They are inserted here to complete
the monograph, as far as known to the writer. The "Pandora
striata, Quoy" (Add. Gen. ii. p. 371), is a Myodora. The latter
genus is so well defined that no alteration is proposed in it,
232
E.
DIAGNOSES
OP
NEW FORMS OF MOLLUSCA
FROM
THE VANCOUVER DISTRICT.
BY
PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., PH.D.
From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series, Vol
XIV. (Nos. 5—37), pp. 423—429, December, 1864. Ibid. Vol. XV
(Nos. 37—56), pp. 28—32, January, 1865.
' 233 )
DIAGNOSES
OP
POEMS OF MOLLUSCA
FROM
THE VANCOUVER DISTRICT.
BY
PHILIP P, CARPENTER, B.A., PH.D.
THE shells here described were mostly collected by Indian chil-
dren for their excellent teacher Mr.J.G.Swan, in the neighbour-
hood of Neeah Bay, W. T. They were presented by him to the
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. ; and, in accordance
with their liberal policy, the first available duplicates will be
found in the British Museum or in Mr. Cuming's Collection.
The species are numbered to correspond with the list in the
British Association Report for 1863, pp. 626-628; see also
pp. 636-664-.
5. Mtsra salmonea.
M. testa parva, solida, compacta, subquadrata ; laevi, nitente, epi-
dermide tenui cinerea induta ; extus pallide, iritus vivide salmoneo
tincta; marginibus dorsalibus rectis, ad angulum 120° separatis,
umbonibus haud extantibus ; marginibus antico et ventrali regu-
lariter late excurvatis ; parte postica brevissima, hrud angulata :
intus, dent. card, utraque valva ii., quorum unus bifidus ; laterali-
bus v. dextr. sequidistantibus, ant. extante, post, parvo ; nymphis
rectis, haud conspicuis ; cicatr. add. post, subrotundata, ant. sub-
rhomboidea ; sinu pallii satis regulariter ovali, per iv. inter v.
partes interstitii porrecto. Long. '57, lat. '45, alt. '11 poll.
Variat testa aurantiaca, rarius albida, rosaceo tincta.
Hob. San Francisco (Pac. Rail E.E.); Neeah Bay (Swan),
plentiful; Monterey, 20 fathoms (Cooper).
In shape almost close to Macoma crassula, Desh. (Arctic) ;
but that species is thinner, not glossy or salmon-coloured, and
has no lateral teeth.
6. Angulus variegatus.
A. testa forma A. obtnso simili, sed costa interna omnino careut,
valde insequilateraii, solidiore, nitente, rosaceo et flavido subrai'
235
2 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusca
dm eleganter variegata ; striis increment! concentricis, postice ex-
tantioribus ; umbombufl postice flectentibus, obtusis ; |)arte antica
prolongata, regulariter excurvata ; marginibus dorsali et ventrali
subparallelis, subrectis ; parte postica curtiore, subangulata : intus,
dent. card, utraque valva ii. minutis, quorum alter bifidus ; v.
dext. dent, lat., ant. curto, satis extante, post, nullo ; nymphis
curtis, latis, parum concavis, subito sectis, valvis postea subalatis ;
sinu pallii fere cicatr. aiit. tenus porrecto. Long. */2, lat. '42,
alt. -15.
Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan) ; Monterey and Catalina Island,
20-60 fathoms, rare (Cooper).
Submenus MIODON*.
Testa Lucinoidea, dentibus cardinalibus, ut in Cardita, elongatis ;
lateral! antico parvo instructa.
This little group of species is intermediate in character be-
tween Astarte, Venericardia, and Lucina. It first appears in
the Great Oolite, where it is represented by Astarte (Miodon}
orbicularis, J. Sby. Min. Conch, pi. 444. f. 2/3. This must* not
be confounded with a second and true Astarte orbicularis, by the
same author, pi. 520. f. 2. It appears in Mr. Searles Wood's
Crag-senes as Astarte corbis. The following is the only recen,t
species at present known.
9. Miodon prolonaatus.
M. testa parva, solida, tumida, compacta, albida; ventraliter antice
valde prolongata, excurvata ; lunula longa, rectiore, haud irnpressa;
umbonibus antice inflectis, obtusis, valde prominentibus ; margine
dorsali postico parum excurvato ; costis radiantibus x.-xii. latis,
obtusis, marginem attingentibus, parum expressis, dorsaliter obso-
letis, a liris increment! concentricis, plus minusve distantibus, ex-
pressis, hie et illic interrupts : intus, margine a costis plus minusve
obsoletim crenulato ; cardine dentibus v. dextr., uno postico, inter
duas fossas elongato, et lat. ant. lunulari; v.sinistr., dent. ant. trian-
gulari, post, valde elongato, lat. ant. minimo, obsolete ; cicatr. add.
subrotundatis, ventraliter sitis. Long. '23, lat. '24, alt. -16.
1
Subgenus ADULA, Add. (diagn. auct.).
Testa 'inter Modiolam et Lithophagum intermedia, cylindracea ;
umbonibus obtusis ; parte antica longiore ; ligamento subinterno,
valde elongato ; epidermide haud testacea.
Animal byssiferum, in cryptis affixum ; musculis adductoribus
majoribus, antico ovato.
Constituted by Messrs. Adams for A. soleniformis, D'Orb.,
which very closely resembles the young of the Vancouver species :
enlarged to receive the shells of Lithophagoid shape which are
* Th. (jifivv, smaller ; o8ovs, tooth.
236
from the Vancouver District* 8
moored by byssus, like Modiola. The largest known species is
A.falcata, Gld., which is normally straight, but often grows in
a twisted burrow. A. parasitica, Desh., and the long-known
A. cinnamomea appear congeneric.
13. Adula stylina.
A. testa cylindracea, lithophagoidea, Isevi, termissima, parum ar-
cuata, subnacrea, albida, postice interdum livido tincta ; epider-
niide nitente, Isevi, solidiore, nigro-fusca : testa jun. typice modio-
Jseformi, umbonibus subanticis, obtusissimis ; margine dorsali
antice (rarissime paululum, testa minima, postice) tenuiter crenu-
lato : testa adulta marginibus dors, et ventr. fere parallelis, ant.
et post, rotundatis ; umbonibus detritis, baud conspicuis, circiter
sextantim antice sitis ; incrustatione baud solida, densissime spon-
giosa, aream posticam diagonalem tegente, supra valvas prolongata,
appressa ; ligamento interne, postice valde prolongato ; pagina
interna pallida ; cicatr. add. postica tumida, pyriformi, antica
(quoad familiam) maxima, baud impressa, oblonga ; cicatr. pedali
antica magna, circulari, impressa ; callositate subumbonali (testa
jun.) cicatr. pedalem versus conspicua. Long. '155, lat. *4, alt. *5.
Variat t. magis arcuata ; ut in A. falcata, antice tumidiore, sub-
angulata.
Tariat quoque testa attenuata.
Variat interdum ventraliter late hiante.
Hob. Neeab Bay, abundant (Swan] ; Monterey (Taylor).
On smashing a large lump of hard clay, bored by Pholads,
Petricolids, &c., large numbers of this species, with a few of A.
falcata, of all ages from '06 onwards, were found in situ. Several
struggled for room in a single crypt. The umbos are abraded
by the wide opening of the valves.
14. Axinaa (fseptentrionalis, var.) subobsoleta.
A. testa A.septentrionali sirnili, parum insequilaterali, baud tumida;
umbonibus obtusis, latis, satis prominentibus ; cinerea, rufo-cas-
taneo varie picta ; epidermide copiosa, sublaminata ; marginibus1
ventral! et postico valde rotundatis, antico parum producto, dor-
sal! recto ; sulcis radiantibus subobsoletis sculpta, dorsaliter ssepe
evanidis : intus, marginibus ventral! valde, ant. et post, parum cre-
natis ; lamina cardinis subangulata ; dentibus paucioribus, validis,
angustatis ; cicatr. add. antica castanea, callosa ; ligamento su\-
cato. Long. -13, lat. '12, alt. '7.
Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan) ; Shoal water Bay (Cooper).
Midden dorfFs shell is figured with much stronger ribs, but
may have been described from decorticated specimens.
15. Siphonaria Thersites.
S. testa parva, tenui, baud elevata, valde insequilaterali, dense nigro-
castanea, laevi, seu interdum costulis paucis, obtusis, obsoletis,
237
4 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusca
radiatim vix ornata; epidermide Inevi, tenui, fugaci; costa pulino-
nali intus et extus valde conspicua, turnente ; vertice obtuso,
plerumque ad quadrantem, interdurn ad trientern totius longitu-
dinis sito ; intus intense nigro-fusco, margine acuto. Long. '40,
lat. -33, alt. - 1 /.
Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan).
This genus, which culminates in western tropical America and
at Cape Horn, is not known in California. The Vancouver spe-
cies resembles S. lateralis and its congeners, but differs in having
an enormous lung-rib and no colour-rays.
16. Mopalia (Kennerleyi, var.) Swannii.
M. testa M. Kennerleyi typicse simili, sed jugo fornicato, haud cari-
nato ; omnino rubida, sculptura mult > minus expressa ; areis late-
ralibus vix definitis ; latera versus subgranulata ; dorsum versus
lineis jugum versus procedentibus, interstitiis punctatis ; sinu
postico latiore ; limbo pallii lato, coriaceo, vix piluloso. Long.
2-4, lat. 1-, div. 120°.
Hab. Tatooche Island (Swan).
23. Margarita Cidaris, A. Ad.
M. testa magna, conica, Turcicoidea, tenui ; albido-cinerea, nacreo-
argentato; anfr. nucleosis?...(decollatis), norm, vii., subplanatis j
suturis alte insculptis ; superficie spirse tota valide tuberculosa,
seriebus tribus, alteris postea intercalantibus ; peripheria et basi
TOtundatis, carinatis ; carinis circ. viii., haud acutis, irregularibus,
scabris, haud tuberculosis ; lacuna umbilicali vix conspicua ; aper-
tura subrotundata ; labro tenuissimo ; labio obsolete ; columella
arcuata. Long. Tl, long. spir. '65, lat. '75, div. 60°.
Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan).
Mr. A. Adams suggested the above expressive name for this
very remarkable and unique shell.
25. Gibbula parcipicta.
G. testa solidiore, parva, conica, pallida, purpureo-fusco varie nebu-
losa et maculata ; anfr. v., rotundatis ; carinis ii. validis in spira
se monstrantibus, minore intercalate ; interstitiis subsuturalibus,
subleevibus, inter carinas obtuse decussatis ; lira peripherica de-
finita, saepe in spira se monstrante ; basi valde rotundata ; lirulis
basalibus circ. v. rotundatis, subdistantibus ; apertura subcirculari;
columella arcuata ; umbilico majore, infundibuliformi, haud angu-
lato. Long. '14, long. spir. *07, lat. *13, div. 70°.
Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan) ; Santa Crux (Rowell) .
26. Gibbula succincta.
G. testa parva, subelevata, solidiore; livida, testa juri. strigis angustis,
creberrimis, fusco-purpureis penicillata, testa adulta maculis quo-
que magnis nebulosa ; anfi'. v., subquadratisj liris obtusis medianis
238
from the Vancouver District. 5
et striis subobsoletis cincta, suturis valde impressis ; basi rotun-
aata, obtuse angulata, striis ssepe evanidis spiralibus ornata, tesra
adulta circa umbilicum magnum, infundibuliformem, vix angu-
laturn, scepe tumidiore, medio obtuse impressa; apertura sub-
qmidrata, parum declivi ; columella subarcuata. Long. '16, long,
spir. -07, lat. -10, div. 70°.
Hub. Neeah Bay (Swan] \ Lower California, on Haliors
(Rowell).
27. Gibbula lacunata.
G. testa parva, fusco-purpurea, solidiore ; marginibus spirse \alde
excnrvatis ; anfractibus nucleosis normalibus, postea iv. subpla-
natis, suturis distinctis, apice mamillato ; sublsevi, circa basin
vix angulatam striolata, striolis spiralibus distantibus ; apertura
suborbiculari, parum declivi ; labio juxta umbilicurn constrictum,
quasi lacunatum, lobato ; columella callositate parva umbilicum
constringente. Long. *11, long. spir. '05, lat. *11, div. 80°.
Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan).
28. Gibbula funiculata.
G. testa parva, elevata, compacta, fusca; marginibus spirse excur-
vatis ; anfr. vi., baud tumidis, suturis parum impressis ; lirulis
crebris rotundatis undique cincta, quarum v. in spira monstrantur;
interstitiis parvis ; basi rotundata, baud angulata ; umbilico parvo,
baud carinato ; apertura suborbiculari, parum declivi ; columella
vix arcuata. Long. '24, long. spir. '11, lat. '2, div. 70°.
Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan), specimen unicum.
29. Hipponyx cranioides.
II. testa valde planata, majore, albida; vertice nucleoso? ... ; testa
adulta apice interdum subcentrali, ssepius plus minusve postico ;
laminis increment! confertis, undique rapide augentibus ; striis
radiantibus fortioribus, confertissimis, laminarum margines ssepe
crenulantibus ; margine acuto ; cicatr. muse, angusta, margini
contigua, regione capitis minore, ssepe dextrorsum torsa ; epi-
dermide?.. . Long. '85, lat. '75, alt. -3.
Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan).
30. Bivonia compacta.
U. testa satis magna, ssepe solitaria, purpureo-fusca, spiraliter ple-
rumque satis regulariter contorta, obsoletim cancellata seu sculp-
tura fere evanida ; testis tenacissime adhserente. Long, (plerum-
qne) *7, lat. *3, diam. apert. •!.
Hab. Barclay Sound; abundant on Pachypoma gibberosum
(Swan).
Belongs to Bivonia, Gray (not Morch). Has the aspect of
Petaloconchus macrophragma on a large scale, but is entirely
destitute of internal laminae. One specimen had a faint colu-
239
6 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Molfasca
mellar thread for two whirls only. Operculum normal, with
thin edge, dark red.
32. Lacuna porrecta.
L. testa L. puteolo simili, sed multo majore, spira magis exserta;
seu omnino fusca, seu zona pallidiore, seu pallida lineolis fusces-
centibus tenuissime spiraliter ornata ; epidermide tenuiter striata
olivacea seu viridescente induta; tenuiore, spiraliter tenuiter striata;
anfr. v., vix planatis, rapide augentibus, suturis itnpressis, vertice
mamillato ; apertura tumente ; labio tenui, vix parietem attingente,
intus subrecto ; lacuna maxima, elongata, ad basin arcup.ta ; peri-
pheria expansa. Long. '52, long. spir. '2, lat. '4, div. 80°.
?Var. effusa : testa L.porrectce simili, sed multo majore ; spira elevata,
satis effusa ; anfr. tumidioribus, suturis valde irnpressis ; aperturam
versus magis expansa. Long. *65, long. spir. '25, lat. *5, div. 60°.
?Var. excequata : testa L. effusa simili, sed anfr. planatis, suturis
parum impressis. Long. '5, long. spir. '2, lat. '42, div. 80°.
Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan).
The form L. exaquata is intermediate between the very dif-
ferent L. porrecta and L. effusa. The Lacuna vary so much
(vide Forbes & Hanley in loco) that, even with a large multitude
of specimens, it is not easy to state what constitutes a species.
33. Lacuna (? solidula t var.) compacta.
L. testa L. solidulce, var., simili ; parva, solida, compacta, angusta,
subturrita, marginibus spirae excurvatis : aurantiaca, interdum pal-
lidiore zonata ; anfr. subplanatis, suturis distinctis ; tota superficie
confertissime spiraliter striolata ; basi valde angulata, subplanata ;
apertura subquadrata; columella vix lacunata. Long. *23, long,
spir. -1, lat. -17, div. 60°.
Variat testa elongata : variat quoque columella normaliter lacunata,
Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan).
Possibly an extreme form of the very variable L. solidula, Lov.
(= L. carinata, Gld., non A. Ad., = Modelia striata, Gabb), yet
distinct in all ages. The young shells resemble small Litorince.
34. Lacuna variegata.
L. testa tenui, plus minusve elevata, soluta, irregulari ; adolescente
fusco-purpureo ; adulta livida, radiatim seu diagonaliter varie ir-
regulariter strigata, strigis fusco-aurantiacis, ssepe ziczacformibus ;
anfr. vi., quorum primi compacti, apice submamillato ; deki solutis,
postice planatis, antice expansis ; basi rotundata seu angulata ;
apertura subovata ; labro postice porrecto ; labio ssepe parietem vix
attingente ; columella intus recta, extus valde lacunata. Long. '6,
long. spir. -16, lat. -17, div. 50°.
Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan).
Painted like L. decora ta, A. Ad., which differs in having a
normal growth, with very slight cbink.
240
from the Vancouver District. 7
35 . Isopis fenestrata .
I. testa I. ovoidece forma et indole simili ; carinis ix. acutis (quarum
iv.-in spira monstrantur) cincta ; interstitiis duplo latioribus, con-
cinne quadratim decussatis, liiulis radiantibus acutissimis ; anfr.
postice tumentibus, suturis valde excavatis ; peritremate continue ;
labro a carinis pe&tinato ; labio parietern parum attingente, medio
calloso ; umbilico angusto. Long. *18, long. spir. '13, lat. "19,
div. 70°.
Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan) ; S. Diego and Sta. Barbara Island
(Cooper).
Dr. Cooper's shells are much smaller than those from the
Vancouver district, which are white and eroded, varying much
in the size of the umbilicus.
36. Alvania reticulata.
A. testa parva, subturrita, rufo-fuscn, marginibus spirse rectis ; anfr.
imcleosis ii. et dimidio, naticoideis, laevibus, tumentibus, apice
mamillato ; norm, iii., tumidis, suturis impressis ; liris angustis,
distantibus, spiralibus circ. xii. (quarum iv.-vi. in spira mon-
strantur), et lirulis radiantibus, supra transeuntibus, hand nodulosis,
secundum interstitia incurvatis, eleganter exsculpta ; interstitiis
altis, quadratis ; peritremate continue, subrotundato, acutiore.
Long. -085, long. spir. '05, lat. '04, div. 30°.
Hab. Neeah Bay; two specimens in shell-washings (Swan).
37. Alvania flosa.
A. testa A. reticulates indole et colore, haud sculptura, simili ; multo
majore, elongata ; anfr. nucl. ?... (detritis), norm. iv. ; striis parum
separatis circ. xviii. (quarum cir». xii. in spira monstrantur) cincta ;
rugulis radiantibus posticis creberrimis, haud expressis, circa peri-
pheriam evanidis ; peritremate continue ; columella rufo-purpureo
tincta. Long. '13, long. spir. '09, lat. '06, div. 20°.
Hab. Neeah Bay; one specimen in shell-washings (Swan).
38. ?Assiminea subrotundata.
1A. testa haud parva, Isevi, tenui, fusco-olivacea ; anfr. nucl. ?...(fle-
collatis) ; norm, v., rapide augentibus, subrotundatis; marginibus
spiree rectis, suturis valde impressis ; basi rotundata, haud umbili-
cata ; apertura rotundato-ovali, intus fuscescente ; peritremate
continuo; labro acute; labio parum calloso; columella arcr.e..'u.
Long. -28, long. spir. '13, lat. '2, div. 65°.
Hab. Neeah Bay; one specimen among Lacuna (Swan).
May prove to be a large Hydrobia.
39. tPaludinella casianca.
?P. testa compacta, solidiore, fu.scu-cciatauen, niargiuibns :D\TK rec-
16 '241
8 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusca
tioribus ; rugulosa, lineis distantibus spiralibus irregulariter in-
sculpta ; anfr. nucleosis ?. . . . (detritis), vertice late mamillato ;
norm, iv., rapidius augentibus, tumidioribus, suturis satis im-
prcR«is; basi ipgulariter excurvata, vix rimata ; apertura suborbi-
cnlari, baud continua ; labro acuto ; labio supra parietern obsolete,
supra columellam arcuatam in) us cnlloso : operculo, anfr. iv, Kvid
rapide augentibus. Long. *2l, long. spir. '09, lat. *17, div. 70°.
Hab. Neeah Bay ; one specimen among Lacuna (Swan).
May be an aberrant Assiminea.
40. Mangelia crebricostata.
M. testa tereti, rufb-fusca, albo zonata ; anfr. micl. ? . . . (decollatis) ;
norm. v. elongatis, subrotundatis, suturis impressis ; costis radi-
antibus, obtusis, subrectis, circ. xv., spiram ascendentibus ; sculp-
tura spirali ? . . . (detrita) ; apertura pyriformi, antrorsum in ca-
nalem brevem attenuata ; labro postice parum sinuato ; labio con-
spicuo. Long. *54, long. spir. *3, lat. '2, div. 28°.
Hab. Neeah Bay; 1 specimen (Swan).
41. Mangelia inter fossa.
M. testa parva, valde attenuata, rufo-fusca, marginibus spirse parum
excurvatis ; anfr. nucl. ii., ut in Chrysodomo irregularibus, apice
mamillato ; norm, vi., parum excurvatis, baud tabulatis, suturis
distinctis ; costis radiantibus circ. xv., angustis, extantibus ; cos-
tulis spiralibus circ. xv.,quarum circ. v. seu vi. in spira monstrantur,
angustis, supra costas transeuntibus, ad intersectiones parum no-
dulosis ; interstitiis altis, quadratis ; basi effusa ; apertura sub-
pyriformi ; labro acuto, postice vix emarginato ; labio tenui.
Long. -38, long. spir. '22, lat. '13, div. 25°.
Hab. Neeah Bay; very rare (Swan).
42. tMangelia tabulata.
?37. testa parva, solidissima, luride rufo-fusca, marginibus spirae ex-
curvatis ; vertice nucleoso chalcedonico (eroso) ; anfr. norm, v.,
postice rectangulatim tabulatis, suturis impressis; costis radianti-
bus circ. xvi., validis, obtusis, circiter basim attenuatam obsoletis ;
costis spiralibus in spira iii.-iv. angustis, extantibus, supra cost,
rad. nodosis ; interstitiis alte insculptis, subquadratis ; costis circa
basim circiter vii., quadratirn extantibus, interstitiis a lineis incre-
menti vix decussatis ; canali curta, aperta ; labro acutiore, ad an-
gulum posticum vix sinuato ; labio tenui ; columella obsolete uni-
plicata. Long. '45, long. spir. '26, lat. *2, div. 35°.
Hab. Neeah Bay; several worn specimens (Swan).
The distinct fold near the base of the pillar may require the
formation of a new genus.
242
from the Vancouver District. 9
43. tDaphnella effusa.
?D. testa gracillima, maxime effusa, rufo-fusca ; anfr. angustis, elon-
gatis, suturis impressis ; striis spiralibus crebris a lineis incre-
ment! decussatis ornata ; labro tenuiore, postice vix sinuato.
Long. -65, long. spir. '45, lat. '22, div. 30°.
Hab. Neeah Bay; one broken specimen (Swan).
44. Odostomia satura.
O. testa magna, alba, laevi, solidiore, satis elevata ; anfr. nucl. ii.,
aiigustis, subplanorboideis, valde decliviter sitis, dextrorsum im-
rnersis, sinistrorsum extantibus; norm, v., turnidioribus, regula-
riter convexis, suturis impressis ; basi rotundata, tumente, quasi
umbilicata ; apertura ovata ; labro vix sinuato ; labio tenui, ap-
presso ; plica columellari valida, subantica, parieti hand contigua,
transversa. Long. -26, long. spir. '14, lat. '13, div. 40°.
Hab. Neeah Bay; rare (Swan).
Var. pitpiformis : anfr. primis valde depressis, planatis ; vertice
mamillato ; anfr. ult. normali. Specimen unicum, quasi monstru-
osum. Long. '19, long. spir. •!, lat. *12, div. 45°.
44 b. Odostomia (?var.) Gouldii.
O. testa solida, alba, ovoidea, marginibus spirae valde excurvatis ;
vert. nucl. decliviter immerso ; anfr. norm, v., subplanatis, suturis
valde impressis ; peripheria baud angulata ; basi excurvata, baud
tumicla; apertura ovata, postice parum constricta; labro solido ;
labio conspicuo, rimam umbilicalem for m ante ; plica submediaria,
solida, extante, baud declivi. Long. '23, long. spir. -13, lat. •!,
div. 30°.
Hab. Neeah Bay; very rare (Swan).
Agrees in some respects better with the diagnosis of 0. gra-
vida, Gould, than do Col. Jewett's shells, from which it is pre-
sumed the species was described. These large forms appear
very variable.
45. Odostomia nuciformis. .
O. testa magna, compacta, laevi, solida, alba ; anfr. nucl.? . . . (erosis),
vertice submamillato ; anfr. norm, v., subplanatis, subelongatis ;
spira brevi, marginibus valde excurvatis ; basi elongata, haud um-
bilicata ; apertura subovali, postice angusta ; labro solido ; labio
tenui ; plica antica, solida, obtusa, transversa, parietem haud attin-
gente. Long. '3, long. spir. '14, lat. '18, div. 70°.
Hab. Neeah Bay; extremely rare (Swan).
45 b. Odostomia (? var.) avellana.
0. testa O. nuciformi indole simili, sed spira valde prolongata.
Long. -32, long. spir. -16, lat. -16, div. 50°.
Hab. Neeah Bay ; one specimen (Swan),
Like a gigantic form of O. conoidalis.
243
10 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on nsw Forms of Mollusca
47. Odostomia tenuisculpta.
O. testa ovoidea, subelevata, albida, tenui, diaphana ; anfr. nucl.
subverticaliter immersis, angustis ; norm, iii., parum tumidis, su-
turis impressis, sulculis spiralibus latioribus baud impress!?, dis-
tantibus, in spira iii., circa basirn rotundatam circ. vi. subobso-
letis ; apertura ovata ; plica acuta, declivi, parva, parieti contigua ;
labro acuto ; labio indistincto ; columella antice parum effusa.
Long. •!, long. spir. '04, lat. '06, div. 60°.
Hob. Neeab Bay; one specimen (Swan).
48. Scalaria Indianorum.
S. testa gracili, turrita, alba ; anfr. circ. x., rotundatis, parum sepa-
ratis, leevibus ; basi simplici, baud uinbilicata ; costis viii.-xv.
(pleiumque xii.), acutioribus, subreflexis, interdum latis, plerumque
lineis irregularibus margini spirse recto parallelis ascendentibus,
rarius juxta suturam subnodosis ; apertura ovata. Long. 1*05,
long. spir. '8, lat. -36, div. 28°.
Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan).
Strung as ornaments by tbe Indian cbildren. Intermediate
between S. communis and S. Turtonis, and scarcely differs from
" S. Georgettina, Kien.," Mus. Cum. no. 34, Brazil.
486. Scalaria (t Indianorum, var.) tincta.
S. llndianorum costis acutis, baud reflexis ; anfractibus postice fusco-
purpureo tinctis.
Hab. Cerros Island (Ayres) ; S. Pedro (Cooper}.
The Lower-Californian sbell may prove distinct. It is like
S. regularis, Cpr., but witbout the spiral sculpture.
Submenus OPALIA, H. & A. Ad. (diagn. auct).
Scalarice varicibus obtusis, irregularibus, parum defmitis : sculp-
tura basim versus interrupta.
Ex. in Mus. Cum. : — O. crassicostata, O. crassilabrum, 0. dia-
dema, O.funiculata, O.crenata, O.granuhsa, O.australis, O.bi-
carinala, O. attenuata, Pse., O. M{ Andrea, Fbs., sp. ined. (W^st
Indies). Other West-coast species are 0. crenatoides and var.
insculpta, 0. spongiosa, and O. retiporosa.
The species of this very natural group were arranged by Messrs.
Adams partly under Opalia and partly under Cirsotrema.
49. Opalia borealis, Gld.
0. testa 0. australi simillima, valde elongata ; anfr. xii., planatis, suturis
parum impressis ; testa jun. costis validissimis viii. latis, rotundatis,
peripheriam ftttingentibi»»iatenltim iuterfuptisj testa adulta stepius
244
from the Vancouver District. li
obsoletis, ad peripheriam evanidis ; circa basim totam usque ad
Deripheriam angulatam lamina spirali, planata ; apertura ovali ;
iota superficie rninutissime spiral iter striolata : operculo pauci-
bpirali, nucleo ad trientem longitudinis sito, lineis mcrememi va-
lidis. Long. !•/, long. spir. 1-3, lat. '53, div. 20°.
Hab. Puget Sound (U. S. Expl. Exp.)-y Neeah Bay and Ta~
tooche Island (Swan).
This species was doubtfully indicated, not described, by Dr.
Gould, in the ' E. E. Moll/ p. 207. It appears to be exactly iden-
tical with " crassicostata, Australia," in Brit. Mus., and is nearly
related to Ochotensis, Midd. It must not be confounded with
Acirsa borealis, Beck. One young specimen has the ten ribs of
0. australis.
50. Cerithiopsis munita
C. testa C. purpurece simili, sed angustiore, marginibus spirse fere
rectis ; costis spiralibus magis expressis, testa adulta minus nodu-
losis; basi sequaliter lirulata. Long. '34, long. spir. '24, lat. -11,
div. 20°.
Hab. Neeah Bay; common (Swan).
51. Cerithiopsis columna.
C. testa majore, valde elongata, purpureo-fusca ; anfr. norm, ix.,
planatis, suturis distinctis ; seriebus iii. nodulorum spiralibus
valde appressorum, creberrimorum, interstitiis parvis, altis ; aliis
interdum intercalantibus ; lira quarta supra suturam baud valde
nodulosa, liris duabus baud expressis aream suturalem cir-
cumeuntibus ; basi planata, baud sculpta, ad peripheriam obtuse
angulata; apertura quadrata. Long. '38, long. spir. 32, lat. •!,
div. 10°.
Hab. Neeah Bay; several worn specimens (Swan) : Monterey;
rolled fragment of larger shell (Cooper).
Easily recognized, even in portions, by the " strung-fig "
pattern.
55. Cancellaria modesta.
C. testa elata, subrufa, trichotropiformi, marginibus spirse rectis ;
anfr. norm, v., rotundatis, postice subtabulatis, suturis irnpressis ;
costis spiralibus obtusis, distantibus, in spira circ. iv.f circa basim
prolongatam cire. vii., aliis minoribus interdum intercalantibus;
interstitiis secundum incrementa, decussatis; apertura sub-
quadrata; columella plicis duabus declivibus anticis et costulis
basalibus ornata; labio nullo. Long. -68, long. spir. -34, lat. 34,
div. 50°.
Hab. Neeah Bay; one specimen and fragment (Swan).
56. Velutina prolong ata.
V. testa majore, subplanata, tenuiore, carnea, spira minima ; anfr. iii.
245
13 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusca.
et dimidio, rapidissime augentibus ; vertice vix conspicuo ; anfr.
nit. antice valde porrecto ; regione colutnellari incurvata ; labio
valido ; axi baud rimata ; epidermide tenui, rugis incrementi or-
nata, spiraliter baud striata. Long. '1, long. suir. '1.5, iat. *95,
div. 140°.
Hub. Nceah Bay ; rare (Swan}.
246
F.
DIAGNOSES
OF
NEW FORMS OF MOLLUSCA
THE VANCOUVER DISTRICT.
BY
PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., PH. D.
From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 201-204,
February 14, 1865.
(247)
DIAGNOSES or NEW FORMS OF MOLLUSCA FROM THE VAN-
COUVER DISTRICT. BY PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., PH.D.
TEBEBBATULA UNGUICIJLA, n. s.
T. t. juniore " Terebratulinse capiti-serpentis" simillima, sed la-
tiore, subtmangulata ; punctis valde conspicuis; costis con-
spicuis, inter dum obtusioribus, aliis intercalantibus ; intus,
amento suboctiformi, postice aperto, cruris diagonalibus cardini
affixis : testa adulta valva inferiore subrotundata, marginem
versus hand planata ; umbone valde tumente, latiore ; striis
radiantihus, ut in '* T. capite-serpentis " conspicuis ; marginibus
crenulatis, hand undatis ; intus amento majore, bisinuato3 dor-
saliter hand continuo, calcaribus duobus munito.
Long. 46, lat. *5, alt. '3 poll.
Hab. San Diego, 6 fm. ; Monterey, not rare in 20 fm., (in Cali-
fornia State Geological Survey) Cooper. Neeah Bay (valve), Swan.
Vancouver, Forbes.
The specimens sent by Dr. Cooper were all of small size, and, from
the intercalation of riblets near the margin, clearly immature. They
presented the incomplete loop of the restricted genus to which Dr.
Cooper affiliated them. Notwithstanding, as both Davidson and Wood-
ward state that the young of the British species has the loop similarly
open, it remained doubtful whether this might not prove conspecific.
Messrs. Reeve and Hanley unhesitatingly pronounced them to be
" caput-serpentis, jun.," the latter gentleman stating that they pre-
sented the peculiar form of that species which belongs to the Medi-
terranean examples. Dr. Forbes, however, was fortunate enough to
249
2 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON NEW MOLLUSCA.
obtain an adult shell, which passed into the Cumingian Collection
Having removed the animal matter with great care, the loop \vas
found to retain the form seen in the young shell, only perhaps stil
more open. This is the first recent species of the genus which has
been discovered with a sculptured surface, and affords an instructive
lesson not to rely on external characters.
v
Terebratula unguicula : 1, 2, outside views of Mr. Cuming's adult specimen,
natural size : 3, 4, inside views of the upper valve, slightly magnified.
The outline of the adult is much rounder, and the margin blunter,
than in T. caput-serpentis. Inside, the noncompletion of the some-
what w-shaped loop is a very obvious character. This is large ir
proportion, extending to about two-fifths of the length and one-
third of the greatest breadth of the shell. It is bent upwards in the
middle, as seen from the partly opened valves ; with a double wave at
the sides, as seen from the direction of the opposite valve. Two spurs
ascend from the crests of the side waves, as though preparing tc
complete the loop. The similar Terebratella angustata from Japan,
when of the same size as Dr. Cooper's specimens, has the loop quite
continuous *.
SubgenilS NETTASTOMELLAf.
Pholadidea : valvis postice in calycem testaceum planatum pro*
longatis ; calyce coriaceo nullo.
NETTASTOMELLA DARWINII, Sby. (diag. auct.).
N. t. minore, elongata, tenuissima ; parte postica costis radian*
tibus acutioribus circ. vii. et laminis concentricis acutissimist
distantibus, antice continuis, elegantissime ornata; rostris pla
* Dr. Cooper having forwarded for my inspection a large aud beautifully pn-
feet specimen of the true Waldheimia californica, I have compared it with the
%eries of the very variable W. globosa in the Smithsonian Museum, undoubtedly
from Orange Harbour. The California shell, however, has a strong brownish-
red tinge, and does not display the beautiful veining of the Maghellan species.
t Th. t'fjrra, a duck, cropa, mouth. The name Netastoma, given in the
' Brit. Assoc. Report.' 1863, being preoccupied in another subkingdom, according
to Dr. Cooper, it is thought necessary to vary the termination.
250
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON NEW MOLLUSCA.
natiSy postice diver gentibus, striis incrementi crebris acutis,
aliter hand sculpta ; parte antica t. jun. aperta, adultcK clausa ;
clausis tenuissimisy secundum incrementa undulatist super urn-
bones prolongatis, umbilicos postice formantibus ; epidermide
fugaciy tenui, pallide viridi.
Hab. Monterey, Rich. ; Vancouver, Lord j S. Diego, Cooper.
= Pholas darwiniiy Sby.
= Jouanettia darwiniiy Mus. Cuming.
= Parapholas penita, Tryon, Mon. Phol.
This remarkable shell differs from Jouanettia in having both
valves equal; from Pholadidea proper in having no coriaceous
cup, its place being supplied by a flattened prolongation from
each valve, like a duck's bill in miniature. In Mr. Lord's specimen
(preserved in the British Museum), though the valves are closed, the
prolongations are widely divergent, as when the bird utters its cheer-
ful " quack." The loose, .thin epidermis appears to have covered the
bill as well as the valves. Mr. Tryon had probably not seen a speci-
men, else he could hardly have affiliated so very 'different a shell to
Pholadidea penita. The original specimen is said to have come from
Chili.
DARINA DECLIVIS.
D. t. tenuissimay planata, ellipticay Machcerceformi, utroque latere
hiante ; cinerea, epidermide fortiore induta ; marginibus regu-
lariter excurvatis ; umbonibus haud conspicuis, ad duas inter
quinque paries longitudinis postice sitis : intus cartilagine
spathula elonaata, dorsum versus utraque valva decliviter sitat
a ligamento lamina extante tenuissima separata ; dente car-
dinali laminato, extante, curtiore ; lateralibus vix conspicuis ;
sinu pallii ovali, fere ad medium porrecto.
Long. 177, lat. -85, alt. -34 poll.
Hab. Vancouver's Island (Forbes).
The only other species of Darina known is from the Straits of
Maghellan. The northern shell may have been passed over as the
young of Machcera patula, to which it bears a strong external re-
semblance.
SAXIDOMUS BREVISIPHONATUS.
S. t. subovaliy tenuiore, subplanata, albida, epidermide pallide
olivacea induta ; iota superficie rugis concentricist crebris,
valde obtusisy et undis incrementi interdum majoribus, ornata ;
marginibus subcequaliter excurvatisy maxime ventrali : intus
car dine tenuiorey dente antico elongato ; sinu pallii parvot ad
trientem interstitii porrecto, latiore.
Long. 2-65, lat. 2'05, alt. M5 poll.
Hab. ? Vancouver, ? Japan (Mus. Cuming).
A very distinct species, in shape and hinge not unlike Callistat but
without lunule. It is more rounded and flatter than the three ty-
pical California!! species, and known at once by the very small mantle-
bend. From four to six blunt riblets are seen on each of the very
251
204 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON NEW MOLLTJSCA.
blunt waves of growth. The shell was sent me as from Dr. Forbes's
Vancouver collections, and is so quoted in the Br. Assoc. Rep. 1863,
p. 607 ; but Mr. Cuming subsequently stated his belief that it came
from Japan. It may be allowable to state that many of the species
included in Saxidomus by authors are more correctly rough forms of
Tapes, of the decussata-type ; the true Saxidomi differing from that
genus (as Callista does from Venus) in having an additional pseudo-
lateral anterior tooth. This is very evident in theyourig shell, which
has a much rounder outline than the adult, and can scarcely be
distinguished from Callista, except by the absence of lunule.
252
G.
DIAGNOSES
OF
NEW SPECIES AND A NEW GENUS OF MOLLUSKS,
THE REIGEN MAZATLAN COLLECTION;
WITH AN ACCOUNT OF ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS PRESENTED TO
THE BRITISH MUSEUM.
BY
PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B. A., PH.D.
From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 268-273,
March 14. 1865.
( 253 )
DIAGNOSES OF NEW SPECIES AND A NEW GENUS or MOL-
LUSKS FROM THE REIGEN MAZATLAN COLLECTION : WITH
AN ACCOUNT OF ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS PRESENTED TO
THE BRITISH MUSEUM. BY PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A.,
PH.D.
After the publication of the British Museum Mazatlan Catalogue,
the backs of several fresh Spondylus-valve.s were examined by Mr.
R. D. Darbishire and myself. Among the specimens were several
tvhich were deemed worthy of being added to the national collection;
they were deposited there, with a MS. appendix to the Catalogue,
in 1858. As it is not judged necessary to print this separately, I
have (with the permission of Dr. Gray) transcribed what should be
placed on record, in hopes that it may not be judged out of place
in the * Proceedings/ Those who use the Mazatlan Catalogue are
requested to observe not only the corrections in the Appendix,
pp. 547-552, but also those made in the Review of Professor C. B.
Adams's Panama Catalogue, P Z. S. 1863, p. 339; and in the
British Association Reports, 1863, pp. 5-43 <?£ seq. The numbers,
both of species and of tablets, are continued from the Mazatlau
Catalogue, and correspond with those in the Report. The student
of the Gulf fauna should also consult the account of Mr. Xantus's
255
T)R. p. p. CARPENTER ON NEW SPECIES
('ape St. Lucas shells in the 'Annals Nat. Elist.' 1864, and in the
Report, pp. 616-026*.
704. CELLEPORA AREOLATA, Buskf.
Tablet 2540 contains a specimen on Omphalius ligulatus,
705. MEMBRANIPORA ?FLEMJNGII, Buskf.
Tablet 2541 contains a group on O. liyulatus.
* The following additional specimens from the Reigen Collection have been
presented to the British Museum . —
Tablet.
12*. A group on Omphalius ligulatus.
13*. Lepralia adpressa and Membranipora, sp. ind., on ditto.
42. Young opposite valve of t Solecurtus , perhaps conspecific.
201*. Four young valves (smallest '05 by -034) probably of this species.
266*. Minute transparent valve, '028 across, teeth unformed; perhaps of
this species.
358*. Two specimens ; margin irregular.
594*. Several specimens in Uvanilla unguis ; one, not having room within, has
made a case for itself outside the Uvanilla.
642*. A pair, -3 by -15 ; probably an older state of the same species, Barbatia
alternata.
60*. A minute, transparent valve, -045 by '024, without teeth ; resembling
"? Saxicava fragilis, Nyst," Jeffr., in ' Ann. Nat. Hist.,' Aug. 1858.
486*. A young shell, -06 across, laid open ; crowded inside, especially near the
umbones, with a pinkish mass of young ones, about -0018 in length.
500. A younger pair, much more transverse, transparent, without concentric
ridges, the lateral teeth in one valve being simply the raising of the
dorsal margins.
833*. Two young specimens, nestling among Nullipore on Fissurella alba.
869*. Two specimens, with egg-cases arranged in pattern like Orbitolitcs.
876*. One specimen, curiously mended after fracture.
877*. One specimen, with columella curiously contorted.
1023*. One specimen, with ribs rounded and aspect of Siphonaria lecanium ;
probably a distinct species.
1058*. One young specimen, probably conspecific, though only '07 by '047;
there is no trace of spire.
1059*. Three specimens ; broad form.
1468*. Fragment of Spondylus calcifer, with basal supports of Hipponyx ?ser«
ratus, in burrow of Lithophagm plumula.
1795*. Two specimens with five intercalary teeth.
1834*. One specimen with the canal bent back, as in Cassidaria.
2221*. One specimen, mended after severe fracture.
2223*. One specimen; columellar fold bifid.
2224*. Two specimens ; columella bent and straight.
2225*. One specimen ; labrum thin.
2226*. One specimen ; ribs close.
2376*. One specimen, dwarf form ; nodulous, as in N. nodulifera, Phil.
2516. An opposite larger valve, since found, in which there is only one distinct
posterior tooth, and the anterior hooked tooth is separating into two.
[2534. One specimen of Vitrinellafttricarinata,]\m.., of which the ribs are
nodulous in the young state. If rightly determined, this adds nc. 710
to the list of species.]
2536. A nuclear shell, -046 across, of Naticoid shape, very finely striated in each
direction. It is probably a young Hipponyx
t Both of ttiese species were kindly identified by Mr. Q-. Busk.
256
OF MOLLUSKS FROM MAZATLAN.
Genus CYCLADEI IA.
Tata bivalvis, tennis, tzquilateralis, cequivalvis, hand hians, um~
bonibus planatis. Lig amentum tenuissimum, externum. Cardo
linea curvata, dent. lat. distantibus, card, transversis, hand
radiantibus.
56. CYCLADELLA PAPYRACEA, n. sp,
C. t. tenuissima, subdiaphana, epidermide tenui induta, planatat
suborbiculari ; concentrice fortiter lirata, liris rotundatis, intus
excavatis; tota superjicie hneis granulosis radiantibus creber-
rimis minutissime ccelata; dent. card, i.-ii. transversis, mar-
gini dorsali subparallelis ; dent. lat. validis.
= " Tellina leburnea, Hani." (fragments only), Maz. Cat. no. 56.
Mr. Hanley kindly sent for my inspection a perfect pair (as
" Lepton "), which he had found nestling in a burrow in Spondylus.
The hinge more resembles Cyclas (Lam.) than any other known
genus. Its great peculiarity is, that the cardinal teeth, instead of
radiating from the umbo, fall in the curve of the hinge-line, as
though uniting the lateral teeth. The shell is too thin (being deeply
indented within by the concentric waves) to make out the pallial
line ; but no trace of sinus is visible. It may therefore rank, provi-
sionally, under Kelliadce, although in other respects its affinitiea
appear to be with (Edalia and Cooperella. The ligament appears
little more than a prolongation of the epidermis. Beside the trans-
verse cardinal teeth, there is in each valve a curved line, slightly
raised, like the end of a finger-nail, which bounds what would be the
lunule in other shells.
Long. -1, lat. -123, alt. -045.
Hab. Mazatlan ; one perfect specimen from Havre Collection
(Mus. Hani.) ; fragments, Liverpool Collection,
706. ?MONTACUTA OBTUSA, n. Sp.
?M. t. planatat valde incequilaterali, subrhomboidea ; subdia-
phana sen chalcedonica, hand punctata, Itevi; marginibus pie-
rumque regulariter excurvatis, dorsali rectoy umbonibus haud
prominentibus ; cardine, vtraque in valva, dente uno cardinad
et fossa ligamentali ; dent lat. altera valva elongatist reclis,
altera vix conspicuis.
Differs from ? M . dioneea in the elongation of the lateral teeth,
and in the possession of a distinct cardinal tooth in each valve.
Long. 047, lat. -06, alt. -01.
Hab. Mazatlan ; two fresh specimens, Liverpool Collection*
Tablet 2530 contains the larger specimen; the other is trans
parent.
696. PECTUNCULTJS, sp. incu
Tablet 253 1 contains a minute valve, '033 across ; outside *r*«.v
close, prominent concentric ridges, foliated by about twenty-fr»m
17 257
271 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON NEW SPECIES
rounded ribs, which are evanescent near the umbo. Inside with a
very few strong teeth, developed in a curved line.
698. SCISSURELLA RIMULOIDES, n. Sp.
S. t. rapide augente, albida, tenuissima ; apice celato ; anfr.
in., radiatim liratis, liris subdistantibus, acutis, obliquis ; um-
bilico magno; labro derlivi, haud Jisso, sed apertura postica,
ut in " Rimula" formata, subquadrata, elongata; liris trans-
versis gradus testa increscentis dejinientibus ; peritremate con-
tinuo, obliquo.
Only one specimen was found of this beautiful little species, the
first known from America. It looks like a Velutina crossed by
sharp ribs in the direction of the slanting mouth. In the first whorl
*iie ribs are very close. It then assumes its normal sculpture, but
there is nearly a whorl before there is any trace of incision. This
appears to have begun as a slit, which was afterwards closed up. A
band, marked off by ten transverse ribs showing stages of growth,
encircles the shell as far as the hole, which is long find somewhat
octangular; but there is no band between the hole and fhe outer
iip. The shell furnishes a complete transition to Rimula. It is
preserved on tablet 2532.
Long. -023, long. spir. '003, lat. '03 ; div. 140°.
Hab. Mazatlan ; off Spondylus calcifer ; Liverpool Collection.
699. VlTRINELLA ORNATA, n. Sp.
V. t. subdiscoidea, diaphana, tenuissima; anfr. iv., quorum iii.
primi nucleosi, insculpti ; ultimo carina maxima circa penphe-
riam ; postice subangulata, rugis radiantibus et striohs spi-
ralibus ornata ; antice carinatat carina nodosa ; basi carina
altera et ruais radiantibus ornata; umbilico angulato, satis
magno ; labro a carina indentato.
Long. -015, lat. '028--035 ; div. (circ.) 175°.
Hab. Mazatlan ; one specimen off Spondylus, on tablet 2533 ;
Liverpool Collection.
700. VlTRINELLA TENUISCULPTA, n. Sp.
V. t. planata, diaphana, tenuissima; anf. iii. et dimidio, quorum
iii. nucleosi; striis elevatis, spiralibusy quorum una magna,
quasi carina prope suturam sculpta ; peripheria haud angu-
lata ; basi bis angulata, interdum rugis radiantibus distantibus
ornata; umbilico satis magno, carinato ; apertura undata,sub-
quadrata.
The sculpture is not uniform over the last whorl. The principal
diagnostic features are the biangulated base, the infrasutural keel,
and the rounded periphery,
Long. -016, long. spir. 0, lat. '023--03 ; div. 180°.
Hab. Mazatlan; one specimen off Spondylus, on tablet 2534 1
Liverpool Collection.
258
OF MOLLT7SK3 FROM MAZATLAN, 372
701. ? VITRINELLA, sp. ind.
Tablet 2535 contains » fragment, '085 across, of what wa*» pro-
bably a gigantic species of this genus or of Cyclotrema, strong^
keeled.
492, DlALA PATJPERCULA, C. B. Ad.
= Cingula paupercula, C. B.Ad. Pan. Shells, no. : diapxos*
tnutata.
= 10dostomia mamillata, Maz. Cat. no. 492 : diagnosi aucta.
D. t. nitida, solida ; vert. nucL anfr. iv., lirulis spiralibus ei
radiantibus tenuiter decussato ; t. adulta decollata, vestice
mamillato ; anfr. norm, iv.; peritremate continue ; basi obtuse
angulata, lacuna umbilicaii a labio separata formata.
Long. -085, long, spirse -055, lat. '05 ; div. 34°.
The fortunate discovery of a perfect young specimen and some
adult shells in the shell-washings of Professor Adams's collection
enables us to explain the anomalies described in the Mazatlan Cata-
logue, where the solitary dead shell was referred, with doubt, to
Odostomia, in consequence of its truncated apex. It was not pos-
sible to recognize in it Professor Adams's " Cingula" since that was
described as having the apex " subacute," and the angular base ant1
continuous peritreme were not mentioned. The nuclear whorls are
sculptured as in Alaba supralirata ; but the vertex, instead of being
persistent as in that genus, appears to be always decollated in the
adult. The shell has the peculiar glossy texture of Diala.
702. MANGELIA SULCATA, n. sp.
M. t. subturrita, albida, apice obtuso ; anfr. vii., tumidioribus 9
liris vii., obtusis> rectis, vix angulatis ; sulcis spiralibis creber-
rimis, circa basim continuis ; labrol . . . \_fracto].
Long -2, long. sp. -12, lat. '07 ; div. 35°.
Hab. Mazatlan ; one specimen off Spondylus, on tablet 2538 j
Liverpool Collection,
703. ? TORINIA, sp. in.
Tablet 2539 contains a small shell, '035 across, consisting of 3|
smooth, flattened, sinistral whorls ; with a distinct suture, but not
umbilicated. In a larger specimen (unfortunately lost), under the
microscope this sinistral vertex appeared turned completely upside
down, with more than half a whorl of an orbicular shell, vhite.
sculptured like Vitrinella, with a very strong peripherical keel, and
other smaller keels, decussated by radiating rugae. This mode oi
growth is exactly as in the young Torinia ; but the adult must have
been very distinct from any known species, and perhaps did not
belong to any described genus.
550. MUCRONALIA INVOLTJTA, n. Sp.
M. t. parva, tenui, albida, irregular?, marginibus spirts valdt
KKCurvatis; vert ice dediv"' ; anf. norm. vi. +. . . . satis excur*
259
273 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON NEW SPECIES
vatis, suturis valde impressis ; basi prolong at a > obtusu ; aper*
tura ovali, postice angusta ; labro acuto ; tabio tenuissimo,
Long. -105, long, spir '068, lat. '033 ; div. 20°.
=Leiostraca Irecta, Maz. Cat. in loco : non C. B. Ad.
551. LEIOSTRACA PRODUCTA, n. sp.
L. t. parva, albida, subfusiformi, marginibus spirts rectis; vert ire
acutiore, recto; anfr. norm, ix., planatis, suturis vix conx/ri-
cuis ; periphena satis rotundata ; basi rapide anyustata, postea
producta; apertura subrhomboiJea, axi antice acuta, anyulata;
labro acuto ; labio tenui.
Long -123, long, spir '08, lat -046; div. 23°.
= Leiostraca 1 solitaria, Maz Cat., in loco: non C. B. Ad.
This species is easily recognized by its very peculiar sharply-
pointed beak ; in shape like a young Kostellaria, without the canal.
652. ANACHIS TVENIATA, Phil.
Columbella taniata, Phil, in Zeit j. MnL 1846, no. 26 (non Ad.
& Rve. in Voy Samarang).
—Anachis Gaskoini, Cpr. in Maz. Cat p. 510. no. 652.
Variat lineis spiralibus fuscis viii., quarum iii. in spira mon*
strantur ; maculis alternatis inter secundam et tertiam sitis.
Variat quoque maculis evanesceniibus.
Hab. Callao (teste Gaakoin) ; Mazatlan (E. B. Philippi, Reigen);
Cape St. Lucas (Xantus)
It appears that Mr. Gaskoin was not acquainted with Phi-
lippi's species, which had not then reached the Cumingian Collec-
tion ; as he pronounced M. Reigen's specimen to be new, and sug-
gested the specific name in the Mazatlan Catalogue. It would have
avoided a double synonymy, could the name tceniata have been re-
tamed for the Samarang shell, and Mr. Gaskom's for this. The
Cape St. Lucas shells vary as above inlicated.
650. ?ANACHIS SERRATA, Cpr.
Maz. Cat. no. 650, p. 509. Perfect specimens of this singular
species having been found at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. Xantus, the
diagnosis may be thus completed : —
Epidermide fimbnata, lirulas spirales eleganter decussante ; labri
denticulis variantibus, interdum subobsoletis.
Long. -28. long, spir 15. lat -13; div. 40°.
With the sculpture and general aspect of a small Cantharus, it has
the mouth of an Anachis. The opercuJum, and therefore the generic
relations, are not yet known*.
* The following additions and corrections may bo useful to the students of
the British Museum Catalogue : —
Species 181 Area multicostafa further differs from A.grandis in the epi-
dermis being soft and very finely hairy.
260
OF MOLLUSKS FROM MAZATLAN. 27^
223. The length should be 1-1.
319. For " labio nullo " read " tenuissimo "
330 The nuclear shell has two whorls, AmpuIZarm-sh&ped..
. 367. Add to diagnosis, " operculo concavo, linea elevata suturam definiente"
368. Add to diagnosis, "operculo vix concavo, suturis minus definitis"
373. Add to diagnosis, " operculo concavo, sut.uris distinctis, peripherian
versus linea elevata instructis." The species was found living among the smal
Olivetta.
376. Add to diagnosis, " operculo concavo, suturis wx defimtis" Living
among Olivellts.
501 Instead of the specimen from which the description in the text wa
written, tablet 1966 contains a much tiner shell, since found, which allows of th
following additions to the diagnosis : — " vert nucl. parvo, satis extante, deck
viter sito ; anfr. norm, v ; interstitiis carinarum transversim rugulosis ; labr
toMiore. Long. 087, long, spir 057, lat. -038."
510. A very beautiful shell, found in the refuse of Professor Adams's Panam
collection, is probably of this species, though the sutural cancellations are close
It has one more whorl • vertex Chemmtzoid, of three Helicoid whorls, scarcel,
projecting ; apex hidden
650. From perfect Cape St. Lucas specimens, add the following to diagnosis
— " epidermide fimbriata, lirulas spzrales eleganter decussante."
Page 312. Add to the diagnoses of opercula of Vermetidce: —
" (h.) Operculum corneum, intus convexum, nitidum, umbone magno extantt
aztus concavum, paucisptrale, lamina extante suturas definiente. Diam. -045.
Tablet 2537 contains the only specimen found, resembling Siphonium, froc
the Spondylus-vra,shmgs.
Tablet 447 is Liocardium apicinum, which should stand as species 709.
Page 314, note * (et seq.), for " Inflatulum" read " Mioceraa,"
Page 359, line 18, for "regular" read "irregular."
261
H.
DESCRIPTIONS
NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF CHITONIM AND ACIMDJS,
FBOM
THE PANAMA COLLECTION OF THE LATE PROF. C. B. ADAMS.
BY
PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., PH.D.
From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 274-277,
March 14, 1865.
( 263 )
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW WPECIES AND VARIETIES OF CHITONIDJB
AND ACM^EID^E, FROM THE PANAMA COLLECTION OF THE
LATE PROF. C. B. ADAMS. BY PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A.,
PH.D.
LEPIDOPLEURTJS ADAMSII.
L. t. " L. dispari" simili; pallide rufo-fusca, colore intensiore
irregulariter strigata sen macula ta ; scepius maculis albidis
regione diagonali ornata ; jugo vix acuto ; areis centralibus
et valvis terminalibus conspicue granulosis ; areis lateralibus
irregulariter verrucosis, verrucis plerumque lobatis ; mucrone
antico, vix conspicuo : intus, valvis centralibus uni-, termina-
libus viii.— x.-fissis ; subgrundis parvis, dentibus acutis ; sutu-
j'is medianis postice rectis, antice laminas haud attingentibus,
sinu planato, latissimo : limbo pallii imbricatim squamoso.
Long. -6, lat. -3 poll. ; div. 1 10°.
Variat verrucis minus expressis, simplicioribus.
— Chiton dispar, C. B. Ad. no. 373, par.
— Lophyrus adamsii, P. Z. S., 1863, p. 24.
Unfortunately for those who do not like to remove the non-tes-
taceous portion from their Chitons, as they do from their other shells,
the mantle-margin by no means affords a safe clue to the structure
of the valves. Among the species of the genus Ischnochiton, Gray,
265
275 DR. P. P. CARPEKTER ON NEW SPECIES
( = Lepidop?eurus, Add.,) known by the sharp incisor-teeth lying
within a projecting lip, there are three types of mantle-margin,
which may be conveniently separated as subgenera, to aid in the
difficult task of describing and identifying species. The typical
forms, for which the name Ischnochiton should be retained, have the
scales somewhat chaffy, and very finely striated. I. magdalensis
and /. sanguineus well represent the group. But another series have
the mantle-scales imbricate and strong, as in Chiton, Gray, ( = Lo-
phyrus, Add.,) from which they cannot be distinguished without
dissection. For this Messrs. Adams's name Lepidopleurus may be
retained in a restricted sense. It is uncertain what l\isso's original
genus was meant to include : his diagnosis applies to all Chitons
with distinct side-areas and scaly margins.
A third group, separated by Dr. Gray in his c Guide,' p. 182, as
having the " mantle-scales minute, granular," has been named Tra-
chydermon : it abounds in the Californian region.
The specimens of L. adamsii were found among the duplicates
named Chiton dispar by the Professor ; one was attached to Discina
cumingii.
LEPIDOPL.EURUS TENUISCULPTUS.
L. t. "L. adamsii" simili ; olivacea, color e pall ido sen intension
minute variegata ; tota superficie minute granulosa ; areut
lateralibus vix definitis ; suturis plerumque albido maculatis ;
mucrone antico, satis conspicuo, parte postica concava : intus,
ut in "L. adamsii " for mat a.
Variat : t. pallidore, ad jugum rufo-tincta.
= Chiton dispar, C. B. Ad. no. 373, pars.
The outside of this shell so much resembles the young of Chito,.
(Lophyrus) stokesii, that specimens may have been distributed undei
that name. Very few individuals were found.
ISCHNOCHITON ELENENSIS (diagn. auct.).
Extus areis centralibus clathris parallelis circ. xx. decussatis ,
ar. lat. costis ii., validioribus, tumidis, tuberculosis : intus
marginibus suturalibus posticis reflexis, tuberculatis, sinu ad
jugum parvo ; laminis insertionis unifissis, ad laminas sutu-
rales anlicos junctis, sinu latissimo. Valva antica extus costis
xii., haud validis ; intus Jissuris x., dentibus acutis, subgrundd
parva. Valva postica mucrone subpostico, depresso ; parte
postica expansa, concava, costis circ. xi. subobsoletis ; intvs
lamina insertionis circ. ix-.-fasa, dentibus curtis, subgrunda
parva, intus callosa.
The central valves in this species are normal ; but the posterior
valve offers a transition towards Callochiton, the outside being con-
cave posteriorly, the insertion-teeth short and the eaves callous.
ISCHNOCHITON (? var.) EXPRESSUS.
I. t. "I. elenensi" simili, sed carnea ; areis centr. clathris x.,
266
AND VARIETIES OF CHITONIDJC AND ACM.EIDJE. 276
distantibus, crebre decussatis, jugo acuto ; ar. lat. costis ii.,
validissimis, angustis, tuberculis angustis : intus marginibus
suturalibus posticis planatis, hand tuberculosis, haud sinuatis;
lam. insert, ut antea, sinu angusto, adjugum angulato. Valva
antica costis x., validis, angustis: intus ut antea, sed fissuris
viii. Valva postica mucrone postico, planato ; parte postica
expansa, haud concava, costis circ. vii. validissimis : intus
lamina circ. \\\.-Jissa, subgrunda planata.
With a strong general resemblance to I. elenensis, the differences
in detail in the only two specimens examined, as above stated, ap-
pear of specific importance. If only varietal, it is equally important
to notice how much change is tolerated by the habits of the animal.
It may be the shell called Chiton clathratus by Prof. Adams, of which
there were no duplicates to compare. It offers a still more marked
transition to Callochiton, the margin of the posterior valve being
somewhat pectinated by the great projection of the ribs.
" CALLOCHITON " PULCHELLUS : diagn. auct.
Extus areis centr, lincis interdum parallelis, interdum radian-
tibus, rugose scrobiculatis ; ar. lat. costis ii., validissimis, im-
bricato-nodons : valva antica costis similibus circ. ix. : v.
post, area centrali lata ; mucrone subpostico, planato; parte
postica costis vii. similibus, medianis curtissimis, excurvatis :
pallio squamulis minutis imbricatis. Intus v. ant. subgrunda
(ut in Ischnochitonej munita, sed a costis pectinata ; dentibus
acutis, intus linea undulata secundum costas instructa, extus
concavis, parte convexu costarum incisis : v. medianis similiter
pectinatis, laminis secundum costas diag. uniscissis : laminis
suturalibus media continuis, late sinuatis; suturis posticis a
sculplura externa granulatis : v. post, \ii.-lobata, marginibus
planatis, laminis dense compressis incrassatis ; dentibus obtu-
sissimis, appressis, haud extantibus, subobsoletis, extrorsum
planatiSy ut in v. ant. Jlssis ; interdum fissuris quoque in par-
tibus concavis.
As I have seen no published diagnosis of the very peculiar type of
insertion-plates observed in this species, which has hitherto been too
rare to allow working naturalists an opportunity of dissection, I have
given a minute description. The plates of insertion, as well as the
exterior eaves, are scalloped by the strong ribs, and alternate with
them. In the posterior valve the eaves are flattened outwards, in
closely appressed layers, the blunt, ill-developed insertion-teeth
lying flat upon them. The valves easily separate from the mantle,
when immersed in water. Outside, the species is easily recognized
by the two strong ribs of the diagonal areas, the central pitted in
somewhat branching rows, and the ribs on the curiously flattened
posterior valve resembling a clenched fist.
(? FLOCCATA, var.) FILOSA.
A. t. "A. rnesoleuc8e"/orwza et indolesimili; sed sculptura multo
267
DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON CHITONID^ AND ACM^ElDJi.
tenuiore ; 1. jnn. lavi ; dein Hrulis deticatulis, acittist haml
granulosis, valde distantibus, inrerdum obsolctis, Jilosa ; intcr-
stitiis l-atis, Itevibus ; tenui, planata,ovali,subdiaph(ina; nigro-
fusco, corneo radiatim striyata, sen varie macula t a : tntus
licida seu albida, coloribus externis tr anseuntibus ; limbo lato,
acuto.
Long. -7, lat. -56, alt. -12.
— Lottia ? patina, C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, no. 367.
Hab. Panama (C. B. Adams).
There is no described west-tropical species to which these shells
can be affiliated, unless they prove to be a very delicate variety of
A. Jloccata, Rve. Unfortunately the Panama limpets have never
been collected in sufficient numbers to make out their specific limits
satisfactorily. The names here given may stand as species or va-
rieties, according to future elucidation. In shape and texture, but
not in colour or sculpture, these shells resemble A. fascicidaris ; in
the latter respects, A. strigatella. They were named " tenera, Ad."
by Dr. Dohrn, but are sufficiently distinct from that West-Indian
species.
ACM.EA (? FLOCCATA, var.) SUBROTUNDATA.
A. t. "A. var. filosee" simili, sed subrotundata, magis elevata,
vertice subcentrali ; colore intensiore, lineis cornels crebrioribus,
angustis ; t. jun. scepe pallidiore, radiis duobus postice trian-
gulata : intus callo livido, tenuiore.
Long. -53, lat. -45, alt. -15.
= Lottia, sp. ind. a, C. B, Ad. Pan. Shclls.no. 368.
Hab. Panama ((?. B. Adamaj.
(? var.) VERNICOSA.
A. t. parva, subrotundata, depresso-conica, apice ad duas quintets
paries sito ; albido-viridi, strigis paucis rufo-fuscis hie et illic
ornata, scepius radiis duobus candidist postice trianguluta ;
extus lineis acutis radiantibus, valde distantibus, scepe obsoletis
mx sculpta : intus livida, callosa, scepius spathula Candida or-
nata ; basi subplanata, limbo angusto.
Long. -3, lat. -24, alt. '1.
Hab. Panama (Jewett, C. B. Adams).
= Lottia, sp. ind. b, C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, no. 369.
Had this form been brought from the China Seas, it might have
been taken for the young of A. biradiata, Rve. From its solidity,
however, its rough" exterior, and its callous interior, it appears to
be adult. It is barely possible that it may develope into A. vesper-
tina. It differs from the young of A. subrotundata in being much
thicker and less spotted with the green tint.
268
I.
DIAGNOSES
NEW SPECIES OF MOLLUSKS,
THE WEST TROPICAL REGION OF NORTH AMERICA,
PRINCIPALLY COLLECTED BY THE RET. J. ROWELL, OP SAN PRANCISCO
BY
PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B. A., PH. D.
From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 278-282,
March 14, 1865.
( 269 )
DIAGNOSES OF NEW SPECIES OF MOLLTJSKS, FROM THE WESI
TROPICAL REGION OF NORTH AMERICA, PRINCIPALLY COL
LECTED BY THE REV. J. RoWELL, OF SAN FRANCISCO. B*
PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., PH.D.
Of the new species quoted in the " Supplementary Report on the
Present State of our Knowledge of the Mollusca of the West Coas*
of North America," published in the Transactions of the British As
sociation, 1863, pp. 517-686, the principal portion (namely, those
dredged by Dr. J. G. Cooper, Zoologist to the California!! State
Geological Survey) are described in the ' Proceedings of the California
Acad. Nat. Sciences,' for 1864-65; those dredged in Puget Sound,
during the U. S. North Pacific Boundary Survey, by the late Dr.
Kennerley, are described in the 'Journal of the Philadelphia Acad.
Nat. Sc.' for the present year. The species obtained by the natu-
ralists of the British Survey are described in three papers by Dr.
Baird and myself, P. Z. S. 1863-65. The new species sent by
Mr. J. Xantus from Cape St. Lucas, and by Mr. J. G. Swan from
Neeah Bay, appear in the 'Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,' 1864-65. In
the same Journal are described the new species which I found in
Col. Jewett's collection. Those sent to Dr. Gould from the same col-
lection had been previously analyzed in the ' Proc. Zool. Soc.' 1856.
The above are the principal sources of fresh knowledge; but a number
of species from the Californian province, which do not range under
any of these heads, will be found in the 'Journal de Conchy liologie'
for the current year.
In separate papers communicated to the Zoological Society are the
diagnoses of additional species from Prof. Adams's Panama and from
M. Reigen's Mazatlan collections. The remaining species, from the
tropical province, are embodied in the present paper. The types
(unless otherwise stated) are in the Museum of the Smithsonian
Institution.
(TELLINA) ANGULUS DECUMBENS.
A. t. tenui, subplanata, alba sen rosacea ; lavi, striolis incre-
menti insculpta ; epidermide pallide straminea induta ; antice
et ventraliter valde producta ; postice truncata, angulata ;
umbonibus acutioribus, vix prominentibns ; maryinibus dorsa-
libus postico recto, antico ad angulum parum excurvaio, antico
et ventrali valde et regulqriter excurvatis ; parte postica v.
dexfr. subito angulata, v. sinistr. parum sinuata ; nymphis an-
gustis, elongaliSy cartilagine omnino externo : dent. card, mi
nimis ; dent. lat. v. dextr. antico satis conspicuo, postico obso-
leto; v. sinistr. nullis ; cicatr. adduct. posticis subrhomboideist
anticis valde elongatis, angustis ; sinu pallii maximo, subtri-
anffulari, usque ad cicatricem alterant, utraque valva porrecta.
Long. 1-7, lat. 1-2, alt. '68 poll.
Bab. Panama (teste Rowell, Pease).
This shell was affiliated by Mr. Hanley to the W. African T.
"271
279 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON NEW SPECIES
nymphalis, but differs in the internal scars. Externally it resem-
T. dombeyi, Lam. (= Scrobicularia producta, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1855,
p. 230), but is easily recognized by the strictly Tellinoid ligament
and anterior lateral tooth, by the posterior portion being pinched
instead of waved, and by the junction of the pallial sinus with the
opposite scar. By the same characters it is distinguished from T»
tersa, Gld., which closely resembles S. dombeyi, var., in Mus. Cum.
Like many other Tellens, it has a white and a pink variety. The
uame was printed by an oversight in Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1863, p. 669,
as A. amplectans ; but as it was unaccompanied by a diagnosis, and
does not describe the shell, no confusion will arise from reverting
to the name first given.
LUCINA UNDATA.
L. t. convexa, tenuiore, albida; tota superficie lirulis concentricis
creberrimis, compressis, hand acutis ornata, inter stitiis mini-
mis ; parte ventrali costis radiantibus iii., obtusis, latis, vnJi-
dissimis, interstitiis parvis ; iunula maxima, a sulco bene defi-
nita, sub umbonibus incurvatis fossa alta minuta indentata;
parte postica alata ; margine a costis valde undato, minute
crenulato ; ligamento quasi interno : intus dent. card, parvis,
a fossa lunulari intortis ; lat. curtis, obtusis ; cicatr. afl<h>ct.
antica irregulari, postica subovali ; linea palliari prope mar-
ginem sita, undata.
Long. -45, lat. '44, alt. -3.
Hab. ihilf of California (teste Eowelt).
The outline somewhat resembles Cryptodon ; but the aspect
is more that of Verticordia, while the minute subumbonal pit
is suggestive of Opis. The shell is sexpartite ; the portion between
the anterior rib and the lunule resembles a fourth rib, while the
projecting lunule and the posterior wing are quite distinct from the
body of the shell. The specimen sent by Mr. Rowell to the Smith-
sonian Institution was completely smashed. The diagnosis is written
from a perfect shell sent by Dr. Newcomb to Mr. Cuming.
CALLIOSTOMA (?LIMA, var.) ^QUISCULPTA.
C. t. "C. limse" simili ; sed anfr. planatis, suturis houd dis-
tinctis ; sculptura regulari ; jun. monilibus spiralibus inter se
cequalibus ; t. adulta majore et minore alternantibus ; co'ore
rufescente, granulis interdum rufo-fusco maculatis.
Hab. Acapulco (Neivberry).
Dr. Newberry's specimens agree in most essential respects with
" Trochus lima, Phil.," in C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, no. 2/6, which
appears identical with the shells marked " Ziziphinus antonii, Koch,
N. Zealand," in Mus. Cuming. The Acapulcan shells are quite
flat, while those from Panama are for the most part shouldered as
in C. eximium, Rve. (= C. versicolor, Mke. Maz. Cat. no. 28y).
However, there is no little variation among the Professor's speci-
mens of C. lima, and some are so slightly shouldered thai the Aca-
pulcan form may be a local variety.
272
OF MOLLUSKS FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA. 280
NARICA INSCULPTA.
N. t. " N. apertse" simili, sed magis compacta ; paullum angus-
' tiore, umbilico tamen major •<? ; lineis spiralibus circ. xxvi. dis-
tantibus insculptis cincta, quorum x.in anfr. penult, monstran-
tur ; postice lineis incrementi vix conspicuis.
Long. -3, long. spir. '08, lat. '28; div. 100°.
Bab. Acapulco, on Ostrea iridescens, Rowell.
The Cape St. Lucas species (vide Ann. Nat, Hist. 1864, xiii. p. 476)
has the sculpture in irregularly raised limlae, while this has minute
grooves chiselled out of a smooth surface. It appears that the San
Franciscans import the huge tropical oysters in large quantities,
their own species having the coppery flavour which Americans dis-
like in the British species. From the outside of the valves, Mr.
Rowell obtained this and many other interesting species.
DlilLLIA EBURNEA.
P. t. turrita, carneo-albida, tenuiore, Itevi, maxime nitente; mar-
ginibus spirce rectis ; anfr. nucl.1 . . . [decollatis] ; norm,
circ. ix., postice planatis, supra suturas appressis, medio satis
excurvatis ; hie et illic ruffi.s radiantibus, obsoletis., irregula-
rihus ex sculpt a ; basi prolongata, canali conspicuo, aper'ij
sinu postico minore, in eulco Jato, hand definito, spiram rw?n-
denle sito ; labro acuto ; labio indistincto ; columella pl&nata.
Long. 1*3, long. spir. -8, lat. '45; div. 30°.
Hab. Near Gulf of California (teste Rowell).
Easily recognized by its smooth glossy aspect and French-white
colour ; the notch lying along a broad spiral channel, which throws
the junction of the whorl as it were up the suture.
MANGELIA ALBOLAQUEATA.
M. t. solida, turrita, alba, rudi, marainibus spirce rectis ; anfr.
nucl.? . . . [decollatis] ; norm. circ. ix. subrotundatis, costis
circ. xi.-xv., declivibus, satis angustis, postice obsoletis, lineis
subreaularibus spiram ascendentibus ; lirulis spiralibus anticis
crebris, postice obsoletis ; basi elongata ; labrol . . . ; labio
talloso ; sinu postico majore, suturam attinaente.
Long. "88, long. spir. '55, lat. '34; div. 30°.
Hab. Panama (teste Rowell).
Described from an imperfect and worn specimen, but easily recog-
nized by its ivory-white colour, and ribs in slanting rows, as though
the creature were roofed with white tiles. It was erroneously quoted
in the Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1863, p. 669, as a Drillia.
ElJLIMA FALCATA.
E. t. valde tereti, valde curvatat alba, politissima, solidiore,
marainibus spirce meniscoideis ; anfr. nucl.1 . . . [detritis'] ;
norm. circ. x., planatis, lente augentibus ; axi hamata, suturis
indistinctis ; basi elongata, hand tereti ; apertura pyriform\t
anlice latwre; labro acuto, labio tenui, appresso.
18 273
281 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON NEW SPECIES
Long. -31, long. spir. '21, lat. '09; div. 12°.
Hab. Acapulco, on Ostrea iridescens, Rowell.
The spire-outlines are scythe-shaped. It is much larger and more
solid than L. distorta and (?var.) yod.
CERITHIOPSIS INTERCALARIS.
C. t. valde elongata, rufo-fusca, marginibus spirce rectis, suturi*
impressis ; anfr. nucl. iii. -f ? . . . (decollatis), radiatim di^
tanter liratis ; norm, x., planatis ; costis radiantibus primwr
xii., dein circ. xxii., angustis, huud extantibus, ad peripherian'
continuis, interstitiis quadratis ; carinis spiralibus primum ii.
nodulosis, dein alteris ii. minoribus inter eas intercalantibus ;
carina postica suturali hand nodulosa, secunda valde nodulosa,
tertia intercalante cequante sed hand nodosa, quarta antica
valde nodosa, quinta circa peripheriam, prirnce et tertite simili,
hand nodosa, alteraque contioua, minima, inter quas sutura
gyrat ; basi concava, lavi ; columella valde cuntorta ; canah
brevi, aperto ; labrol ... *
Hab. Guacomayo.
This beautiful species comes nearest to C. bimarginata, C. B. Ad.,
of which, indeed, the type does not agree with the diagnosis so well
as does this specimen. It differs in having other spiral ribs inter-
calating between the two principal ones, and in the radiating sculp-
ture being continued to the periphery. One specimen only was
found in the shell- washings, not perfect at the mouth.
COLUMBELLA HTJMEROSA.
C. t, parva, turrita, alba, linea sen maculorum serie fusca inter-
dum spiram ascendents ; marginibus spirts parum excurvatis ;
anfr. nucl.1 . .* . \detritis] ; norm, vi., convexis, postice tumen-
tibus, suturis valde impressis ; costis radiantibus vii.-viii., dis-
tantibus, validissimis, rotundatis ; interstitiis late undatis ;
lirulis validis smralibus extant'ibus* interstitiis eas aquatitibus,
coslai et narum tnterstitia transeuntibus ; basi angusta; labro
riv raricoso, postice emarainato, intus solidiore, dentibus circ.
iv. munitis ; apertura late undata, compacta.
Long. -26, long. spir. '15, lat. '13 ; div. 38°.
Hab. Acapulco, on Ostrea iridescens, Rowell.
The sculpture resembles that of Rhizocfieilus, and the tall spire that
of Anachis ; yet it appears to belong to the restricted typical genus.
MURICIDEA DUBIA, Var. SQUAMULATA.
Variat i. omnino albida ; sculptura tenuiore ; spira elevata ; tola
superficie minute squamulata, squamulis imbricatis.
Eab. Cape St. Lucas (Xantus).
The opercula in the beautiful specimens sent by Mr. Pease are
* I forgot to measure the specimen before returning it to the Smithsonian
Inst. ; but it is about the size of C. assimilata.
274
OF MOLLUSKS FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA. 282
typically Muricoid. The essential features are those of M. dubia ;
the pale colour and delicate sculpture and imbrication may avise
from a deep-water station, as is seen in similar European shells.
Mr. Cuming, however, regards it as distinct.
275
K.
DIAGNOSES
OF
NEW FORMS OF MOLLUSCA,
THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA,
FIRST COLLECTED BY COL. E. JEWETT.
\
BY
PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Pn.D.
From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series, Vol.
XV., pp. 177-182 (Nos. 373-386), March, 1865. Ibid., pp. 394-399
(Mangelia variegata to end), May, 1865.
( 277 )
DIAGNOSES
Ml
NEW FORMS OF MOLLUSCA
FROM
THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA,
FIRST COLLECTED BY COL. E. JEWETT.
BY
PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., PH.D.
ANT account of Col. Jewett's shells will be found in the British
Association Reports for 1856 (pp. 226-231) and 1863 (pp. 534-
539). The exact localities are often uncertain; but many of
them have been fixed by subsequent explorers. Being generally
worn beach-specimens, the diagnoses have been written (where-
ever practicable) from perfect shells, and especially from the
beautiful series dredged by Dr. J. G. Cooper, in the Californian
State Survey. The types belong to Mrs. Boyce, of Utica,N. Y.,
and are at present in my keeping. The numbers, in the species
from the temperate fauna, refer to the table in the British Asso-
ciation Report for 1863, pp. 636-664.
37 b. Solen (? sicarius, var.) rosaceus.
S. testa S. sicario simili, sed minore ; multo angustiore, elongate,
recta, extus et intus rosacea; epidermide tenui, valde nitente.
Long. -27, lat. •/>, alt. -32 poll.
Hub. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; S. Pedro (Cooper).
74. Subgenus AMIANTIS*.
Callista : dente postico utraque valva ruguloso.
Type ; Amiantis callosa, = Cytherea callosa, Conr., = Dosinia
* Th. djjiiavTos, 6 KOI fj, unpolluted.
279
2 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mottwca
callosa, Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1857 (from fragments) : non Venus cal-
losa (as of Conr.), Sow., live., Desh.
Hub. Sta. Barbara (Nuttall, Jewett} ; S. Pedro (Cooper] ; Cape
St. Lucas (Xantus}.
This section differs from the typical Caffota as does Merce-
naria from Venus. Whether the other peculiarities of the spe-
cies (redescribed by Reeve as Cijtherea nubilis) are coordinate,
cannot yet be stated, as it stands alone. In sculpture and colour
it resembles Dosinia ; in its ponderous growth, Pachydesina.
110. Lazaria subquadrata.
L. testa extus Carditce variegatce jun. simili ; pallida, castaneo tincta;
subquadrata, antice truncata, subregulariter ventricosa, dorsaliter
tumida ; costis radiantibus circ. xiv.-xvi., tumidis, nodosis, dia*
gonalibus majoribus ; interstitiis plus minusve insculptis : iutus,
valva dextra dente cardinali triangulari, inter duas fossas sito, haud
elongate ; dent. lat. a cardine separatis, ant. extante, post, obsolete,
calloso : v. sinistrali dent. card. ii. angustis, subsequalibus, radi-
antibus; lat. ant. et post, extantibus : cicatr. adduct. subrotim-
datis. Long. '37, lat. -25, alt. '34.
Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; Monterey, and along the coast to
S. Pedro (State Coll. no. 403) (Cooper}.
The outside of this remarkable little species is typically Car-
ditoid ; the hinge is intermediate between Lazaria and Cypri-
cardia.
132. Modiola fornicata.
M. testa curta, laevi, latiore, maxime fornicata ; pallide carnea, epi-
dermide rufo-fusca, rujris increment! et Lncrustatione densissime
pilosa iuduta; umbonibus maximis, spiralibus, antice torsis, per
tres quadrantes totse latitudinis devectis ; area ligamentali curtis-
sima, arcuata; margine dorsali antice nullo, postice longo, arcuato;
margine ventrali recto, vix propter byssum hiante ; postico lato,
antico angusto ; altitudine dorsaliter valde elevata, ventraliter
plane declivi, cuneiformi ; umbonibus trans marginem anticum per
sextantem totius longitudinis excurrentibus : intus, sub umbonibus
excavata ; cicatr. adduct. ant. ventraliter sita. Long. 1*4, lat. *76,
alt. -95.
Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; Monterey (Taylor).
160. Pecten (? var.) aquisulcatus.
if. testa P. ventricoso simili, sed tenuiore, minus ventricosa; costis
piuribus angustioribus xx.-xxi. ; interstitiis (prsecipue valva su-
periore) fere sequalibus ; auriculis magis productis, acutis ; sinv
gerrato : testa juu. iiiterstitiis alte iiiscuh>tis. laminis concentricii
280
from the West Coast of North America. 3
crebris, vix extantibus, interstitia, costas auriculasque transeunti-
bus. Long. 3"2, lat. 3'35, alt. 1'5.
Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; S. Diego (Cassidy, Newberry,
Cooper}.
Intermediate between tbe tropical P. venlricosus and the
Atlantic P. irradians.
161. 1'ecten '*fiur.icostatus.
P. tes^a anbconvexa, vix requilaoerali ; cas'aneo sen rubido seu elec-
tri'.- „* ('ii-;ta; costis xi.-xv., validis, angustis, rotundatis ; mter-
sti-.is multo latioribus, subp'ianatis ; tota superficie minutissime
concentrice striata ; auriculis latis, baud sequalibus, lirulis circ. vi.
ornatis ; sinu paucideutato : intus pallidiore, linea cardinis cos-
tata, ad suturas auricularum tuberculosa ; fossa ligameatali curta,
transversim lata. Long. 1'7, lat. T84, alt. *56.
Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett)} Sta. Barbara Island (Cooper).
Pecten (? var.) squarrosus. (Page 536.)
P testa orbiculari, eequilaterali, rubida, albido maculata ; valva dextra
convexa ; costis xviii., sequalibus, testa jun. approximatis, testa
adulta interstitiis sequalibus ; costis et interstitiis regulariter un-
datis, striis crebris squamosis r;;diantibus ubioue ornata ; auriculis
magnis, latissimis, subaequalibus ; antica anguste fissata, serrate,
postica sinuata ; auriculis anibabus et regione contigua scabrose
striatis : intus alba, linea cardinal! alte sulcata. Long. T&l',
lat. 179, alt. '9.
Hab. " Sta. Barbara," teste Jewett.
Kesembles a sbell in Mus. Cuming., marked " exasperatus,
var.," but does not agree witb the diagnosis of that species.
All Col. Jewett's valves were dextral. The locality needs con-
firmation.
183. Volvula cylindrica.
V. testa cylindracea, alba, nitente, striis spiralibus distantibus cincta ;
raedio planato, marginibus fere parallelis ; antice satis effusa,
postice subito angustata ; canali brevissimo ; labro acuto ; labio
indistincto ; plica columellari parva, valde declivi. Long. • 1 7,
iat. -07.
Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett).
265. Phasianella (? compta, var.) punctulata.
P. testa P. comptce simili, sed elatiore; suturis impressis ; anfractibus
tumentibus ; omriino minutissime fusco punctata ; columella lacn-
pat3. Long. '24, long. spir. *12, lat. '14, div. 50°.
Hab. S. Diego (Jewett).
281
4 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusca
265 b. Phasianella (? compta, var.) pulloides.
P. testa P. pullo simillima; solicla, compacta, spira breviore ; snfiiris
distinctis. Long. '2, long. spir. *1, lat. '13, div. 55°.
Hob. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; Monterey, 20 fathoms (State
Coll. no. 353). Smaller var., 8-10 fathoms, Catalina Island
(Cooper).
265 c. Phasianella (? compta, var.) elatior.
P. testa perparva ; spira elongata, ut in P. pullo picta ; anfractibui
subplanatis ; suturis haud impressis ; columella hand lacuiiaia.
Long. -19, long. spir. '12, lat. '11, div. 40°.
Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett).
P. compta, with a large proportion of the small shells of the
genus, is included under P.pullus in Mr. Reeve's monograph.
In so difficult a tribe, it is judged better to name the distinct
forms, and those from separated localities, until more is known.
276. Trochiscus convexus.
T. testa parva, suhelevata, purpureo-fusca, tenuiter sculpta; anfr. nucl.
? sinistralibus, vertice quasi decollate ; norm, iv., convexis, suturis
impressis; obtusissime bicarinatis, striolis confertissimis, nmiitnis,
subobsoletis cinctis ; umbilico majore, costis duabus cincto, quaruin
interior acuta, exterior rotundata, crenata ; apertura ciiculari.
Long. -15, long. spir. '06, lat. -15, div. 90°.
Hab. Monterey (Jewett).
The nuclear whorls in this unique little shell and in the typi-
cal species appear sinistral, as in Phoridse and Solariadse. Tiie
operculum also resembles that of Solarium rather than of Tro-
chus. The genus may prove to belong to the Proboscidifer>,
notwithstanding its nacreous texture.
317. Hipponyx lumens.
H. testa normaliter fornicata, rotundata, albida ; epidermide rngnlosn,
interstitiis pilulosa ; vertice nucleoso nautiloideo, Isevi, parurri tu-
mente, apice celato, interdum persistente ; dein rapidissiine au-
gente, expansa, undique regulariter arcuata ; liris acutis, subele-
vatis, distantibus, spiralibus, aliis intercalantibus ; lineis incre-
menti minoribus decussantibus ; margine acuto ; apertura ple-
rurnque rotundata : cicatrice musculari a margine parum reniota,
regione capitis valde interrupta. Long. • 7, lat. *46, alt. *33, div. 9U°.
Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett); S. Pedro (Cooper).
. *subrufa" + " Capulus, 213," Brit. Assoc. Rep. ]857,
282
from the West Coast of North America. 5
3296. Bittium (?var.) esuriens.
B. testa B. filoso sirnili, sed multo minore, graciliore, interdum vald.
attenuata ; sculptura testae jun. ut in B. filoso, testae adultae sub
obsoleta; interstitiis hand insculptis. Long. '3, long. spir. "21
lat. -11, div. 25°.
Hob. Sta. Barbara (Jewett} ; Neeah Bay (Swan) ; Monterey
(Cooper).
334. Bittium fastigiatum.
B. testa parva, gracili, pallide rufo-cinerea, marginibus spirae vix
excurvatis ; anfr. nucl. iii., Isevibus, tumidis, apice acuto; nqpm. ix.,
planatis, sutaris alte impressis ; anfr. primis iii. carinatis, postea
costis radiantibus circ. xiii., obtusis, satis extantibus, ad suturas
interrupts, interstitiis undatis, liris spiralibus iv. in spira se mori-
strantibus, costas undatim superantibus, quarum antica in testa
jun. plerumque extat; anfr. ultimo parum contracto, basi elongata,
liris spiralibus vi. contiguis ornata ; apertura gibbosa ; labro
acuto, interdum varicoso, antice angulatim emarginato ; labio
tenui. Long. *25, long. spir. *19, lat. *U9, div. 20°.
Hob. Sta. Barbara (Jewett}.
Genus AMPHITHALAMUS*.
Testa Rissoidea, nucleo magno ; apertura labio producto, labro
subpostice juricto, subito in adulta contracto.
355. Amphithalamus inclusus.
A. testa minuta, lata, solidiore, pallide rufo-fusca ; vertice mamillato;
anfr. nucl. uno et dimidio, quoad magnitudinem perrnagnis, mi-
nutissime et confertissime spiraliter et radiatim striolatis ; anfr.
norm, iii., lsevibus,subplanatis,suturis impressis ; basi subangulata ;
costa peripherica rotundata, baud extante, interdum in spira se
monstrante; costa altera circa regionem pseudo-umbilicarem ; labro
acuto, baud contracto : labio testa adolescente normali, dein a
pariete separata, sinum posticum suturam versus formante, t. adulta
valde separata, regionem quasi umbilicarem magnam formante; ad
labrum subito fere perpendiculariter, subpostice juncto : operculr
tenuissimo. Long. '04, long. spir. '02, lat. '03, div. 60°.
Hob. Sta. Barbara (Jewett}', S. Diego (Cooper}.
This very remarkable little shell bears the same relation to
Rissoa that Stoastoma does to Helicina. The peritreme resem-
bles a figure 5 inverted, as on the face of the type. In the dis-
proportionate size of the nuclear whorls it resembles Vitrinella.
373. Drillia mast a.
D. testa acuminata, laevi, dense olivaceo-fusca, epidermide leevi ad-
hserente induta ; anfr. nucleosis ?... (decollatis); norm, viii., parum
* Th. dfj.(f>\, 8d\ap,os, having a chamber on both sides.
283
6 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusca
excurvatis, suturis parum distinctis ; testa adolescente costis radi-
autibus circ. x., subobsoletis, elongatis, arcuatis, sinum versus iu-
terruptis, postice nodosis ; anfr. ult. sculptura nulla ; apertura
elongata ; canali brevi, apei to ; colurnella recta ; labio tenui ;
labro acuto, suturam versus sinuato, sinu parvo, expanse; operculo
norrnali. Long. W, long. spir. '65, lat. '3(>, div. 27°.
Hub. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; S. Pedro (Cooper).
386. Mitromorpha filosa.
M. tes£a parva, solidiore, atro-purpurea, subconiformi, antice et pos-
tice subsequaliter tereti ; anfr. nucl. ii., albis, isevibus, apice
mamillato ; norm, iv., planatis, suturis baud distinctis ; omnino
eequaliter spiraliter lirulata ; lirulis acutioribus, in spira iv., anfr.
ult. circ. xx., interstitiis majoribus ; apertura lineata ; labro parum
inflexo, rotundato, postice vix sinuato, intus circ. xii.-dentato ;
labio inconspicuo; columella arcuatim truncata. Long. '26,
long. spir. -1, lat. -12, div. 45°.
Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett} ; Lower California (teste Trick, in
Mus. Cuming.).
= Waphnelta filosa, Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1863, p. 658, notef.
Mr. A. Adams obtained two similar species from Japan ; and
as the shells do not rank satisfactorily under any established
group, he proposes the above genus for their reception. M. Crosse
suggests that Columbella dormitor, Sby._, may be congeneric.
Mangelia variegata.
M. testa valde attenuata, tenui, parva, pallide carnea, rufo-fusco
normaliter bizonata, interdum unizonata, sen zonis interruptis ;
vertice nucleoso conspicuo, anfr. uno et dimidio, apice mamillato ;
anfr. norm, vi., subrotundatis, suturis valde impressis ; costis
radiantibus ix., angustis ; costulis spiralibus crebris, validioribus,
in spira circ. x., costas superantibus ; apertura valde elongata;
canali brevi, aperto ; labro tenui, juxta suturam conspicue arcuate;
labio tenui. Long. '31, long. spir. '17, lat. •! poll., div. 22°.
Variat costis crebrioribus, sculptura minus expressa.
Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett}.
Mangelia (? variegata, var.) nitens.
J5/. testa M. variegata simili, sed nitentiore, fascia alba et altera
rufo-fusca attingente spiram asceudentibus. Long. '25, long,
gpir, -15, lat. -08, div. 20°.
Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett}, rare.
Mangelia angulata.
M. testa parva, rufo-purpurea, vix gracili, epidermide tenui fugaci ;
anfr. nucl. iii., helicoideis, primuni Isevibus, dein cahcellatis, apice
284
from the West Coast of North America. 7
mamillato ; anfr. norm, iv., convexis, suturis impressis, in medio
spirse obtusangulatis ; costis radiantibus circ. xii., acutioribus ; cos-
tula spiral! circa angulum, inter costas subobsoleta ; tota superficie
tenuiter spiraliter crebrisulcata, sulculis sub lente siepius bifidis ;
apertura pyriformi, canali longiore, recto, aperto ; labro acuto,
postice conspicue sinuato ; columella baud contorta ; labro obso-
lete. Long. -35, long, spir, '18, lat. '13, div. 30°.
Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett).
Myurella simplex.
M. testa rufo-cinerea, miuore, minus tereti, epidermide tenui ;
anfr. xii., planatis ; fascia suturali valida, nodosa, tuberculis ovali-
bus crebris validioribus (anfr. penult, circa xv.) ornata ; testa
adolescente costulis radiantibus, postea evanescentibus ; striolis
antice et postice spiralibus, circa peripheriam ssepe obsoletis ;
basi rotundata ; canali brevissimo, alte emarginato ; carina supra
canalem acuta, columellnm plicante ; labro acuto, vix undato.
Long. 1-03, long. spir. '76, lat. '27, div. 20°.
Variat tuberculis subobsoletis.
Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; S.Pedro (Cooper).
Odostomia inflata.
0. te.°*i majore, tenui, pallide cinerea, epidermide cinerea induta;
vert. nucl. subito immerso ; anfr. norm, iv., rapidissime augenti-
bus, subplanatis, suturis impressis; tota superficie minutissime et
confertissime spiraliter striolata ; umbilico nullo ; basi et apertura
valde elongatis ; labro acuto ; labio tenuissimo ; plica acuta, trans-
versa, parietem attingente ; columella valde arcuata, antice effusa.
Long. -26, long. spir. -09, lat. '14, div. 60°.
Variat spira elatiore. Long. '24, long. spir. "11, lat. *13, div. 45°.
Variat quoque striolis subobsoletis.
Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; Farraleone Islands, in cavities, on
Haliotis (teste R. D. Darbishire) ; near San Francisco (Rowell) ;
Neeah Bay (Swan).
Chemnitzia crebrifilata.
C. testa satis tereti, subalbida, baud regulari ; anfr. nucl. ii., beli-
coideis, decliviter sitis, margines spirse parum excurvatos paullum
superaritibus ; norm, viii., quorum primi subrotundati, ultimi vix
planati ; suturis valde distinctis ; cost. rad. circ. xxiv., subrectis,
acutioribus, angustis, interdum attingevitibus, anfr. ultimo cre-
brioribus minus expressis, circa basim prolongatam baud subito
evanescentibus; lirulis spiralibus, in spira circ. viii., rotundatis,
expressis, anfr. ult. supra costas subnodulosis, circa basim crebri-
oribus ; peritremate continuo ; columella vix torta, baud plicata ;
labio distincto.. Long. *22, long. spir. *17, lat. '07, div. 18°.
Hab. Sta. Barbara, 1 specimen (Jewett).
285
8 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusca
403 b. Chemnitzia (ttorquata, var.) stylina.
C. testa C. torquatte simili, sed valde teretiore, gracillima, interdum
subdiaphana ; anfr. nucl. ii., decliviter sitis, margines spirse fere
yiarallelos vix superantibus ; norm, xii., angustis, subplanatis, su~
turis distinctis; costis radiantibus circ. xxiii., latis, declivibus,
testa juniore continuis, adulta fascia baud sculpta suprasu^urali
eeparatis ; interstitiis parvis, baud sculptis ; basi rotundata, baud
sculpta ; columella parum torta. Long. '32, long. spir. *27, lat. '8,
div. 10°.
Hob. Sta. Barbara (Jewetf); Monterey (Cooler).
Chemnitzia Virgo.
C. testa parva, alba, gracili, stylina ; anfr. nucl. ii., decliviter sitis,
margines spirse subparallelos baud superantibus ; norm, viii.,
subrotundatis, suturis distinctis ; costulis radiantibus circ. xviii.,
angustis, acutioribus, ssepe attingentibus, circa peripheriam baud
subito evanidis, interstitiis subsequalibus alte spiraliter sulcatis,
sulcis circ. viii., latera costarum crenulantibus, costas baud super-
antibus; basi valde rotundata, curta, baud sculpta; axi lacuuato;
peritremate vix continue; columella recta. Long. "18, long,
spir. -14, lat. -05, div. 12°.
Bab. "Sta. Barbara," 1 specimen (Jewett).
Dunkeria laminata.
D. testa satis elevata, rufo-fusca, fasciis pallidioribus interdum cincta;
anfr. nucl. ii., helicoideis, valde decliviter sitis, margines spirse
subrectos baud superantibus ; norm, viii., subrotundatis, suturis
impressis ; costis spiralibus rotundatis, in spira iv., aliisque sutu-
ralibus vix rotundatis, interstitiis minoribus impressis ; super eas
laminis radiantibus acutioribus circ. xxx., circa basim rotundatam
tenuiter continuis ; liris spiralibus basalibus circ. viii., obtusis, colu-
mellam versus subflexuosam obsoletis ; peritremate continuo ; labio
appresso. Long. "25, long. spir. "18, lat. '07, div. 20°.
Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett} ; San Diego (Cooper).
This beautiful Fenelloid species may be regarded as tbe type
of the group Dunkeria.
Eulima Thersites.
E. testa parva, curtissima, albida, arcuata, valde distorta ; margini-
bus spirse dextro subrecto, sinistro valde excurvato ; anfr. nucl.
?. . (decollatis) ; norm, vi., Isevibus, subplanatis, suturis distinctis ;
basi valde arcuata ; apertura subovali, dextrorsum producta ; peri-
tremate continuo, valde calloso ; labro sinuato. Long. '21, long.
spir. -13, lat. '09, div. 40°.
Hab. Sta. Barbara, 1 specimen (Jewett).
Preeminent for aberration among tbe distorted Eulimidae.
A second specimen occurred from an uncertain source.
286
from the West Coast of North America. 0
Opalia bullata.
0. testa minore, alba, subdiaphana, turrita, gracili ; marginibus spirse
subrectis ; tota superficie minutissime et creberrime spiraliter
striolata ; vertiee nucleoso declivi, celato ; dein anfr. ii., globosis,
radiatim baud sculptis ; dein v. normalibus, pianatis, suturis vix
impressis; lirulis radiantil)us circ. xxvi., baud nisi in anfr. primis
exj)ressis, circa basim irregu.ariter rotundatam ad axim continuis ;
serie bullularum suturalium anfr. primis e lirulis extantibus for-
mata, postea lirulis baud convenientibus, anfr. penult, circ. xvii.,
pianatis, super suturas parieti appressis, interstitiis baud infossis ;
basi subangulata, baud costata; apertura subovali, sinistrorsum
subplanata ; peritremate continue, calloso ; labro baud sinuato.
Long. -3, long. spir. -21, lat. '09, div. 20°.
Hub. Sta. Barbara, one specimen (Jewett).
422. Cerithiopsis purpurea.
C. testa compacta, baud gracili, marginibus spirse panim excurvatis;
purpurea seu fusco-purpurea, cirta periphenam pallidiore ; anfr.
nucl. ? ii., leevibus ; norm, vii., pianatis, suturis impressis ; serie-
bus iii. noclulorum minorum supra costulas spirales minores, ad
intersectiones costularum radiantium circ. xxiii., lineis fere rectis,
ad suturas interruptis, spiram asceiidentium sitis ; interstitiis im-
pressis, quadratis ; costulis suturalibus ii. baud nodulosis ; basi
rotundata, antice lirulis paucis expressis inter eas et costulas su-
turales vix sculpta ; apertura subquadrata ; columella torta, emar-
ginata. Long. -29, long. spir. '19, lat. -1, div. 20°.
Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett); Monterey, San Diego (Cooper).
423. Cerithiopsis fortior.
C. testa C.purpurece simili, sed sculptura multo fortiore, basi pallida;
seriebus nodulorum spiralibus testa adolescente ii., postea iii. ; costis
radiantibus circ. xiii., interstitiis magnis ; costis suturalibus validis,
subnodosis ; costa basali valida. Long. *3, long. spir. *2, lat. *11,
div. 26°.
Hab. Sta. Barbara, 1 specimen (Jewett).
439. Marginella subtrigona.
M. testa M . Jewettii simili, sed multo curtiore, latiore ; antice valde
angustata, postice valde tumenie ; labro postice minus prolongato;
pbcis iv., validioribus, parietali una. Long. *14, long. spir. '01,
lat. -11, div. 130°.
Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett).
440. Marginella regutaris.
M. testa M. Jewettii simili, sed multo minore, paullum angustiore ;
tenui, nitidissima, crystallina, oi/mino diaphana ; labio magis cal-
loso. Long. -13, long. spir. -01, lat. -09, div. 120°.
Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; coast of California south from
287
10 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollu?ca
Monterey, beach to 20 fathoms; Catalina Island, 10-£0 fa-
thoms, State Coll. no. 398 a (Cooper).
453. Amy da tuber osa.
A. testa A. minori simillima, sed vertice nucleoso tuberoso ; anfr. iv.,
tumidis, rapide augentibus ; apice minimo, margines spirse rectos
parum superante, interdum subdecliviter sito ; testa adulta inter-
dum unicolore, livida seu aurantiaca ; plerumque albida, rufo-iusiw
v»ne picta, seu maculata, seu nebulosa, seu strigata strigis radi-
antibus seu flexuosis, seu varie penicillata, ssepe fascia tesscllaia
subsuturali ; anfract. norm, v., planatis, suturis distinctis ; basi
subangulata ; apertura pyriformi, canali satis prolongato, arcuato ;
labro intus acuto, deorsum quasi tumidiore, postice sinuato, intus
circ. octodentato ; labio parum conspicuo, vix rugulato ; columella
torta, axi antice striato ; superficie laevi, seu interdum minutissime
sub lente radiatim striolata ; epidermide cornea, tenui, subdia-
phana, spiraliter sub lente minutissime striolata : operculo Nas^se-
formi, parvo, marginibus irregulariter serratis, cicatrice bilobata.
Long. -32, long. spir. -18, lat. -14, div. 30°.
Hab. Sta. Barbara, recent and fossil (Jewett) ; coast of Cali-
fornia north to Monterey; Catalina Island, 8-10 fathoms
(Cooper).
As this belongs to a group of closely allied species of Nassoid
Columbellse, a minute diagnosis is given. The fossil specimens
are larger, and have the remarkable nucleus more perfect, than any
of the recent shells yet seen. In appearance it scarcely differs
from the small variety of the Mediterranean A. minor, Scac.;
but that (with A. corniculata) has a Chrysodomoid nucleus, the
Californiaa an Alaboid.
t Anachis penicillata.
I A. testa parva, Metuloidea, turrita, albida, rufo-fusco plus minusve
penicillata ; anfr. nucleosis ii., tumidis, helicoideis, apice mamil-
lato ; norm, vi., tumidis, suturis valde impressis ; costis radianti-
bus circ. xii., angustis, expressis ; lirulis spiralibus extantibus,
in spira plerumque vi. supra costas transeuntibus ; apertura pyri-
formi, antice etfusa ; labro postice sinuato. Long. '21, long.
spir. -13, lat. '08, div. 25°.
Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; S. Diego, Catalina Island, shore
to 10 fathoms (Cooper).
Neither of the specimens sent is quite mature. The mouth
is that of an adolescent Anachis, but the sculpture is Metuloid.
Siphonalia fuscotincta.
S. testa minima, turrita, albida, apicem versus fusco tincta ; anfr.
nucl. ii., compactis, sub planatis, apice mamillato ; norm, iv., con-
vexis, suturis impressis ; costis radiantibns rotundatis, tumentibus,
basim versus evanidis, interstitiis undulatis, subsequantibus ; lirulis
288
from the West Coast of North America. 11
crebris spiralibus, costas superantibus ; apertura pyriformi, in
canalem brevem apertum contortum producta; labro acuto; la-
bio baud conspicuo; columella canalem versus valde contorta.
Long. -17, long. spir. •!, lat. -08, div. 32°.
Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett).
The unique specimen is like a minute edition of Siphonalia
Kellettii, but does not accord with the young of that or of any
other species known in the region. It is probably not mature.
19 289
L.
DIAGNOSES
NEW FORMS OF MOLLUSCA,
COLLECTED BY COL. E. JEWETT
ON THE
WEST TROPICAL SHORES OF NORTH AMERICA.
BY
PHILIP P. CAEPENTEE, B.A., Pn.D.
From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series, Vol.
XV., pp. 399—400, May, 1865.
(291)
DIAGNOSES
OF
NEW FORMS OF MOLLUSCS
COLLECTED BY COL. E. JEWETT
ON
THE WEST TROPICAL SHORES OF NORTH AMERICA;
BY
PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Pn.D.
Rissoina expansa*
R. testa magna, lata, tenuisculpta, alba, nitente, subdiaphana;
marginibus spirae parum excurvatis ; anfr. nucl. Isevibus, vertice
mamillato ; norm, v., planatis, suturis distinctis ; costulis radianti-
bus circ. xxiv., obtusis, baud extantibus, interstitia sequantibus,
peripheriam versus evanidis ; circa basim productam striis spirali-
bus expressis ; medio laevi ; apertura valde expansa, semilunata ;
labro subantice producto, varicoso, antice et postice alte sinuato ;
labio calloso. Long. '35, long. spir. '18, lat, '17 poll., div. 30°.
Hab. Mazatlan (teste Jewett].
This fine species is the largest known in the fauna. It most
resembles R. infrequens, C. B. Ad., which was described from a
dead shell.
Mangelia hamata.
M. testa carneo-aurantiaca, satis turrita, margjnibus spirse excurvatis 5
anfr. nucl. ii. globosis, tenuissime cancellatis, apice mamillato ; norm,
vi . , subelongatis, in spira tumentibus, subangulatis, suturis impressis ;
costis radiantibus x.-xii., acutioribus, validis, circa basim pro-
longatam continuis ; interstitiis concavis ; lirulis spiralibus filosis,
distantibus, supra costas transeuntibus, in spira iii.-iv. ; apertura
subelongata, quasi hamata, intus Isevi, intense colorata: iabro
293
Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusca. 13
acuto, dorsaliter varicose, posticevalde sinuato. Long. *24, long.
spir. -13, lat. -1, div. 25°.
Hab. Panama (teste Jewett).
This very beautiful species is easily recognized by the varicose
lip, sloping off to a sharp edge ; by the deeply cut posterior
notch, giving the smooth mouth a hooked appearance ; by the
sharp ridges, traversed by distant spiral threads ; and by the
flesh-tinted orange colour.
Mangelia cerea.
M. testa M. kamata simili, sed textura cerea, aurantiaca, graciliore,
anfractibus tumidioribus, baud angulatis; anfr. nucl. leevibus;
normalibus v., costis radiantibus baud acutis, interstitia sequan-
tibus ; liris spiralibus validioribus, baud filosis, supra costas nodu-
losis, in interstitiis subobsoletis ; apertura, testa adulta, ? . . . .
Long. -25, long. spir. '14, lat. •!, div. 28°.
Variat testa rufo-fusca.
Hab. Panama (teste Jewel t).
Col. Jewett's unique specimen is not mature. It is distin-
guished from M. hamata by the smooth nucleus, waxen texture,
rounder whorls, more equal distribution of the contour between
ribs and interstices, and especially by the spiral sculpture, which
is faint in the hollows, but nodulose on the ribs. Mr. Cuming
has a specimen with the same texture, but of a rich brown
colour.
Chemmtzia calata.
C. testa satis magna, cinerea, elongata ; anfr. nucl. ?. . . ; norm, xiii.,
planatis, suturis vix impressis ; costis radiantibus xx.-xxviii.,
rectis, baud semper convenientibus, subacutis, ad peripheriam
subito truncatis; sulcis spiralibus in spira iv.-v., valde impressis,
interstitia et costarum latera transeuntibus, juga baud superanti-
bus ; basi subito angustata, angulata, lirulis spiralibus circ. vi.
ornata ; apertura subquadrata ; columella satis torta. Long. "35,
long. spir. -3, lat. '09, div. 13°.
Hab. West coast of North America (Jewett).
This beautiful and unique shell was probably from Panama ;
but there was no locality-mark. It is remarkable for its deep
furrows and the suddenly shortened and spirally sculptured
base. It is much larger and broader than the northern C. Virgo,
and differs in details of sculpture.
294
M.
DIAGNOSES
MOLLUSQUES NOUVEAUX
PROVENANT DE CALIFORNIE,
ET FAISANT PARTIE DU MIJSfE DE L'INSTITUTION SMITHSONIENNE,
BY
PHILIP P. CAKPENTER, B.A., PH.D.
From the Journal de Conchyliologie, Vol. XII. (Third Series, Vol. V.), pp.
129-149, April, 1865,
( 295 )
Diagnoses de ftioiiusques nouveaux pro vena nt
de Caiifoa-iiie el faisant partie da musee
de 1' institution Sinltliaoiiicimc,
PAR PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B. A., PH. D.
I.
D'apres les lois des Etats-Unis, tous les objets d'histoire
taturelle recueillisdans le cours des expeditions faites par
297
— 130 —
les Etats deviennent la propriete de ('institution Smilhso-
nienne, qui est autorise'e, de plus, a echanger les doubles.
Celte institution, si bien dirigee par le professeur Henry,
qui en est le secretaire, n'a pas pour objet principal sou
seul agrandissement; elle est eHablie pour « I'accroisse-
ment et la propagation de la science par-mi les homines, »
c'est-a-dire qu'clle embrasse toutes les nations. Dans I'e-
change des doubles, on n'a pas pour but d'oblenir un quid
pro quo, mais plul6t d'envoyer les echantillons a quelque
endroit ou ils seront plus utiles pour I'avancement de la
science. Le revenu de 1'institution ne suffisant pas pour
avoir a poste fixe des naturalistes charges de classer et de
decrire au besoin les objets d'hisloire naturelle de ce
musee, on envoie ces objets en communication a des natu-
ralistes des Etats-Unis ou d'autres pays, selon leurspecia-
lite, en vue d'arriver a determiner les especes et de faire
choix des echanlillons pour leur collection permanente et
pour les echanges. En conformite de ce principe, les di-
recteurs de 1'institulion rn'ont transmis en Anglelerre
toutes les coquilles recueillies sur la c6le ouest d'Ame-
rique. Je les ai soignousement comparees avec les types
do la collection Cuming et du musee britannique; et, par
.<uile de cet eiamen comparatif joint a celui de mes
propres materiaux, je me suis trouve dnns la necessite de
decrire a peu pres trois cents especes ou varietcs locales,
en dehors de celles que j'ai publiees anlerieurement dans
mon catalogue des coquilles de Mazallan.
On trouvera des rcnseignements sur ces especes et sur
toutes les sources originales d'informalion concernant le
ni^me sujet, dans mon ^Supplementary Report on the
. present slate of our knowledge of the Mollusca of the
\\ est coast ofN. America, » ecrit a la demande de I' Asso-
ciation britannique pour 1 avancement de la science, et
298
— 131 —
public dans ses Transactions pour I'annde 1863 (p. 517-
686). Aux pages 636 664, on pent consulter une table dis-
posee de maniere a faire voir d'un conp d'oeil toutes les
especes dc la region de Vancouver el de Californie, jus-
qu'ici tres-peu connues, avec tous les endroils ou on les
a recueillies, d'apres les reriseignements fournis par les
principaux collecleurs. Dans les m6mes pages on trouvera
une description tres-succincte des especes qui sont nou-
velles ou pen connues : quant aux diagnoses latines, elle*
ont etc publiees dans divers journaux scienlifiques, selon
la source de provenance des especes qu'elles concernent.
Ainsi, par exemple, on doit en chercher le plus grand
nombre, qui ont etc draguees par le docteur Cooper, lord
flu Geological Survey de 1'Etat de Californie, dans les Pro-
ceedings of the California Academy, 1864-5. Les especes
draguees par le docleur Kennerley au Puget-Sound se
trouvent decrites dans le Journal of the Philadelphia
Academy, 1865. Les especes trouve'es par le coloneNe-
wett, en Californie, ont ele publiees dans les Annals of
natural History, 1804-5; celles qui ont etc recueillies par
M. Swan et les jeunes Indiens, de ('instruction desquels ii
est charge, a la baie de Neeah (vis-a-vis Tile de Vancou-
ver), et par M. Xantus, au cap St. -Lucas, se trouvent
de*crites dans le m£me recueil periodique (1864). Dans
les Proceedings of the zoological Society (1863, p. 559-
569), ou trouvtTa un examen critique du Panama cata-
logue du professeur C. B. Adams, fait d'apres ses echan-
tillons typiqnes ; et, pendant le cours de la presente on-
nee, le ineme journal doit publier les especes nouvelles
de la region tropicale , recueillies par MM. Reigen,
C. B. Adams, etc.
Profitant de la bienveillance avec laquelle 1'editeur du
Journal de Conchy Hologie a bien voulu m'ouviir les co-
299
— 132 —
lonnes de son recueil scientifique, je me propose de don-
ner, dans cet article, les diagnoses des especes nouvelies
de Californie, qui ne se trouvent pas decrites dans lesme-
moires cites plus haul. Je me trouve dans 1'impossibilite
d'en donner en m&me temps les figures, attendu que j'ai
deja restitue les echantillons typiques a 1'institution Smith-
sonienne; mais cette absence de figures est moins regret-
table, si Ton considere qu'elle n'est que momentanee, et
que les especes en question doivent £tre prochainement
dessine'es et gravees sur bois par le savant artiste, M. le
I>r W. Slimpson, pour le Manuel des Mollusques de la cote
ouest d'Ame'rigue, que je prepare en ce moment, a la de-
mande de 1'institution Smithsonienne (1). Lorsqu'il existe
des doubles de ces diverses especes, on les trouvera ou
dans le Musee britannique ou dans la collection Cuming.
Warrington (Angleterre), 15 fevrier 1865.
II.
1. ANGULUS GOULDII.
A. t. parva, alba, tenui, tumida, subdiaphana, subqua-
drata; epidermide pallida, tenuissima, induta; Icevi, li-
neis incrementi hand exstantibus ;anticeetventraliter in-
flata , marginibus regulariter excurvatis ; parte postica
minima, hand angulata; umbonibus prominentibus : in-
tus, dentibus cardinalibus utraque valva uno simplici
unoque bifido, validis, obtusis ; laterali antico valva dex-
(1) Je prie les naturalistes qui trouveraient des erreurs dans
mes ouvrages deja publics, ou qui possederaient de nouveaux
materiaux relatifs aux Mollusques de la cole ouest d'Amerique,
de vnuloir bien me communiquef leurs renseignements, en me
les aaressant chez M. le professeur Henry, Smithsonian institu-
tion, Washington, D. C., Etais-Unis, afm que je puisse rendre ce
Manuel aussi complet et aussi exact que possible. P. C.
300
— 133 —
tra curto, valido, exstante ; postico obsolete; valva sinis-
trali nullis ; nymphis rectis, inconspicuis ; sinu pallii
maxima, subtriangulari , fere cicatricem alteram tenus
porrecto; cicatricibus adductoribus postica subquadrata,
antica elongata. — Long. *48, lat. -4, alt. *1 poll. (1).
Hab. San Diego, Cassidy. L'ile do Gerros, dans la basse
Californie, Ayres.
Celte petite coquille porte le nom de « Mcera Gouldii,
Hani., » dans le musee Cuming et flans les Genera de
MM. Adams (t. II, p. 396), mais je n'ai pu parvenir a en
trouverde diagnose publiee. Sur quelques-unsdes £chan-
tillons, on peut trouver le commencement d'une dent la-
terale poslerieure. Ainsi la difference entre les sous-
genres Mcera et Angulus de MM. Adams est de tres-peu
d'importance. Cette espece offre 1'aspect de 1'etat jeune dw
Lutricola Dombeyi, Lamarck (2), mais elle en differe par
la charniere.
(1) Les dimensions des especes sent donnces en pouces an-
glais, dont chacun = 2,53 centimetres.
(2) Pour cetle section de Scrobicularia, MM. Adams proposent
le vocable Capsa; ce qui fait grandement confusion, Capsa etant
un nom de Lamarck, synonyme, il est vrai, ft'Iphigenia, Schuma-
cher, mais neanmoins tres-usite. Je propose de reconstituer ie
genre ancien Lutricola, de Blainville, pris dans un sens resiremt,
pour ce groupe, intermediaire entre les vrais Scrobicularia et les
Macoma, ainsi qu'il suit :
Sous-genre Lutricola.
= Lutricola, Blainv. pars.
= Capsa, H. et A. Ad., non Lam.
= Scrobicularia, seu Macoma, seu Tellina, pars, auct.
Testa tumida, scepe incequivalvis, irregularis, subquadrata seu
antice producta ; pars postica undata seu truncata; cartilago fossa
subinterna sita, ligamento curtiore contigua : denies cardinales
utraque valva duo, laterales nulli.
Ex. Lutricola ephippium, Solander, L. alta, Conrad; L. Dom-
beyi, Lamarck, etc.
301
— 134 —
OEDALIA, D. g.
Etym. oiSate* (une coquille) renflee.
Testa inflala, tenuis, ccquivalvis, cequilateralis. cycla-
diformis : margo haud hians, haud sinuatus : ligamentum
et cartilago externa : denies cardinales 3-2, bifidi, late-
rales nulli : sinus pallii magnus.
2. OEDALIA SCBDIAPHANA.
OE. t. albida, tenuissima, subdiaphana, submargarita-
cea, tumente; Icevi, striulis incrementi exillimis; epider-
midepallide straminea, tenuissima, induta; suborbiculari,
umbonibus tumentibus, prominentibus ; marginibus om-
nino satis excurvatis, antico rotundato, postico paululum
porrecto, lunula nulla : intus, valva sinistrali dentibus
cardmalibus 3 bifidis, radiantibus, quorum centralis ma-
jor, valva dextra 2 bifidis, intercalantibus ; nymphis par-
vis, curtis, tenuibus ; ligamento circa umbones excurrente;
lamina cardinali dorsaliter parum claviculata; cicatrici-
bu$ adductoribus parvis, marginem dorsalem versus sitis,
antica ovali, postica subrotundata ; sinu pallii regulariter
ovali, per duas trientes interstitii incurrente, longitudi-
naliter tenuissime cor ruga to; linea pallii antice a mar-
gine remota9 diagonaliter reflexa. — Long. '52, lat. '44^
alt. -26, poll.
Hab. San Diego, Cassidy.
Je n'ai vu qu'un seul ^chantillon de cette coquille fort
remarquable. Apres Tavoir examinee pour la seconde fois
ct avec beaucoup de soin au microscope, pour caracleri-
ser Tespece et pour comparer ses caracteres avec ceux du
Cooperella scintilla; formis* j'ai eu le malheur de le laisser
tomber a terre et de le briser : mais je puis attester I'exac-
litude de la description. Cetle espece a Faspccl externe
302
— 135 —
d'un Keltia suborbicularis ,• ('inflexion palleale d'un Se-
mele; le ligament circumumbonal des Circe et des Pse-
phis; et une charniere tres-complexe, contenant cinq
dents, toutes bifides. Avec le sous-genre Cooperclla, qui
en differe comme les Lutricola et les Macoma (le car-
tilage &ant semi-interne) et peut-6tre avec les Cycla-
della, elle constitue un groupe parliculier des Tellmidce
3. PSEPHIS TELLIMYALIS.
Ps. t. valde transversa, subquadrata, tumidiore, valde
incequilaterali ; umbonibus obtusis, vix prominentibus ;
pallide carneo-lutescente , purpureo (maxime circa mar-
ginem dentesque) tincta ; epidermide tenuissima induta ;
tota super fide creberrime concentrice stria ta; margmi-
bus, dorsali et ventrali subparallelis, antico rectiore, pos~
tico rotundato; lunula inconspicua : intus, dentibus cen-
tralibus minimis, anticis elongatis, posticis valde elon-
gatis; sinupallii vix sinuato. — Long. -09, lat. '07^ altit.
•04, poll.
Hab. Californie (sur la partie dorsale d'une Haliotide,
Rowell).
Le sous-genre Psephis se compose de tres-petites co-
quilles veneriformes, dont I'animal est ovivipare, comme
celui des Cyclas, etc., des eaux douces, et des Bryophila
parmi les Lamel lib ranches marins. La charniere porte
trois dents; quelquefois elles ressemblent a celles des
Chione ; mais ordinairement les dents anterieures et pos-
terieures se prolongent. Le Psephis tellimyalis se trouve
sur les limites extremes du groupe. II a V aspect extdrieur
d'un Tellimya bidentalis et quelque chose aussi de sa
charniere, a cause du Ires-grand developpement des deux
dents terminales aux depens de la dent centrale. Je n'en ai
303
— 136 —
vu qu'un seul e'chantillon, qui appartient au reverend
J. Rowell, pasteur a Sari Francisco.
4. TAPES LACINIATA.
T. t. « T. staminece • simili, sed majore, fragili, multo
tenuiore; satis tumida, subovali, regulariter excurvataf
cinerea; lunula linea impressa, parum depnita; margini-
bus, postico vix subquadrato, antico producto; ligamento
hand prominente; costis radiantibus acutis, distantibus,
ventraliter dimidium interstitiorum cequantibus, postice
parvis, crebris, antice latis; laminis concentricis creber-
mmis, vix erectis, costas transeuntibus, a costis et inter-
stitiis eteganter undatis, hand nodosis : pagina interna al-
bida; dentibus cicatricibusque ut in *T. staminea* forma-
tis; sinu pallii paulum longiore, acutiore. — Long. 2* 4,
lat. -Z,alt. \-l,poll.
Hab. San Diego, Rich, Blake, Cooper.
Celte espece est remarquable, en m^me temps pour la
d&icatesse de sa sculpture, et pour les caracteres particu-
liers de sa texture. Elle appartient au m6me groupe que
les T. Adamsii, Reeve, T. lenerrima, Carpenter (decrit
d'apres un individu tres-jeune) et T. staminea, Conrad.
Cette derniere espece compte parmi ses variet6s les V. Pe-
titii et V. ruderata, Deshayes, V. munduhis, Reeve (— T.
diversely Sowerby)et V. tumida, Sowerby. Mais elle se dis-
tingue facilement de toutes ces formes par ses lames con-
centriques, disposees au-dessus des rayons et de leurs in-
terstices bien prononce"s, et lacinite au sommet fort
eldgamment.
5. KELLIA (LAPEROUSII, var.) CHIRONII.
K. t. « K. Laperousii* simili; sed tenuiore, minus trans-
lersa, ventraliter excurvata; epidermide pallidiore ; um-
304
— 137 —
bonibus angustioribus : dentibus multo minoribus, haud
exstantibus. — Long. *76, lat. *62, alt. *41, poll.
Hab. Neeah Bny, Swan ; San Pedro, Cooper.
Cette vari&e est assez distincte de la forme typique du
K. Laperousii; mais la suite d'individus que j'ai eu occa-
sion d' examiner comparativement m'a permis de me con-
vaincre que 1'espece v&riait beaucoup.
6. KELLIA ROTUNDATA.
K. t. tenuissima, orbicular i} satis convexa, ceguilate-
rali, Icevi; epidermide subnitente, pallide olivacea; urn-
bonibus angustis, satis prominentibus ; marginibus omnino
regulariter excurvatis : intus, dentibus cardinalibus 2
tenuibus, satis conspicws, clavicula haud exstante ; denti-
bus lateralibus satis elongatis. — Long. *6, lat. *5^ alt. -28,
poll.
Hab. Monterey, Taylor.
Celte espece est beaucoup plus grande, mais moins
renflee que le K. suborbicularis, et se distingue facile-
ment par sa forme presque completement arrondie.
7. OSTREA LURIDA.
0. t. irregulari , suborbiculari, ellipsoideat sen pro-
ducta; superficie interdum laminata, purpurea seu squa-
lide grisea, haud costata : intus olivacea, interdum pur-
pureo tincta, sen omnino purpurea, submargaritacea; car"
dine recto ; umbonibus haud conspicuis, haud excavaiis;
margine inferno, cardinem versus scepe crenulato.
Animal flavors cupreo tinctum.
Var. laticaudata, Nutt, ms. : t. omnino purpurea, mar-
gine producto, undato; cardinem versus, denticulis con-
vjji^uis insiructo.
Hab. Vancouver Is., a2-o toisessur fond de vase, Lord:
20 305
— 138 —
Shoalwaler Bay, Cooper, Newih Bay et Tatooche Is.,
Sioan(Var.) Monterey, NuttaH.
?Var. expansa : t. omnino planata, per totam superfi-
ciem affixa ; extus, marginem versus laminata, purpureo
radiata; intus, olivaceo-rufa, ligamento parvo, in medio
undatof solidiore.
Hab. S. Pedro, Cooper.
?Var. rufoides : t. « 0. Virginicce » jun. simili; sed te-
nmssima, luteo-rufa, intus rufo tincta; umbonibus con-
cavis.
Hab. S. Diego, Cassidy, Cooper. Fossile a San Pablo,
20 pieds au-dessus de la haute maree, Newberry.
Les Hidtres de Californie, dans leur etat ordinaire,
comme on les trouve an Shoalwater Bay (Oregon), ont a
peu pres la couleur et Taspect de jietites Etheries. Les
individus des mers plus chaudes ont Tair d'etre tres-dis-
tincts; ranis, d'apres le docteur Cooper, qui a une grande
experience de la matiere, ce ne sont que des variotes. Je
ne potivais pas prendre pour nom'specifique celui que le
professeur Nuttall avail donne en manuscrit a une forme
accidenielle. Quant aux autres formes, assez constantes
dans leurs diverses localiles, je leur ai donne des noms
qui pourront servir a les designer soit comme especes,
soit comme varietes, lorsque, plus tard, la connais-
sance d'un plus grand nombre d'individus permettra
d'avoir une opinion definitive en ce qui les concerne. La
variete rufoides a beaucoup de 1 'aspect de \'0. Virginica
(Maz. Cat., n°. 212). Elle etait designee sous le nom « 0.
?rvfa » par le docteur Gould ; mais je suis porte k croire
que 1'espece de Lamarck est une variete des Huitres atlau-
tiques, altendu que les coquilles de la haute Californie
n'etaient pas connues a 1'epoque ou il a ecrit.
306
— 139 —
8. TORNATELLA PUNCTOCJILATA.
T. t» tenui, satis elongata, ovoidea; cinerea, fasciis
duabus latis fuscis ornata; vertice nucleoso decliviter cce-
lato; anfractibus normalibus 4 vix convexis , suturis
distinctis; tola super fide sulcis subdistantibus ccelata,
punctis impressis seriatim dispositis, quarum 7-9, in
spira monstrantur ; basi ovali; apertura latiore; lahro
acutOj antice sinuato; labio indistincto ; plica acuta de-
clivijuxtaparietem,haudexstante;columella antice torta.
Long. -2, long. spir. *06, lat. -09, poll.: div. 50°.
Hab. Sanla-Crux, Rowell. — San Diego, Cooper.
Celte espece est un pen aberrante, a cause de son ou-
verture large, de son pli reporte pres du bord parietal et
de sa eolumelle tordue comme celle des Bullina. La cise-
lure des tours ressemble aux impressions que laisserait une
s£rie de petits colliers.
9. CYLICHNA PLANATA.
C.t.parva, cylindracea, subelongata, alba, Icevi, epi-
dermide straminea induta; marginibus fere par allelis;
spira planata, hand umbilicata, hand mamillata; anfrac-
tibus 4 convolutis, suturis parum impressis; basi modice
effusa; labro tenui, in media satis producto, antice late
arcuato, postice parum sinuato^ hand canaliculate, sutu-
ram versus satis rotundato ; labio distincto, postice sub-
calloso ; columella plica satis exstante, axi basim circum-
gyrante. Long. '\\, lat. -055, poll. : div. 180°.
Hab. San Diego, Cassidy.
On n'a trouve qu'un seul echantillon de cette petite
espece, qui est intermediaire entre les Cylichna et les
Tornatina.
307
— 140 —
Genus LOTTIA.
= Lottia, Gray, pars.
— Acmaa, seu Tectura, seu Patella, pars, auct.
= Teclurella, Cpr. Brit. Assoc. Rep. 4861, p. 137;
non Stimpson, Invert., Grand-Manan.
Testa Patellis quibusdam seu Helcioni similis ; pie-
r>;mque planata, solida, apice anterior i.
Animal margine pallii intus papillis lamellosis circa
dorsum lateraque instructo, regione capitis interrupts;
pede elongato, ovali, planato ; branchia minima.
Ce genre est intermediate entre les Acmaa et les Scur-
ria. Dans les Acmcea, le manteau est simple ; dans les
Scurria. il est garni, sur toutesa circonference, depapilles
qui, a premiere vue, offrent 1'apparence des branchies des
vraies Palelles\ chez les Lottia, on trouve ces papilles sur
le corps, mais non sur la t6te de ('animal. De plus, la
branchie, qui est ordinairement allongee et en forme de
plume chez les Acma>a, et triangulaire chez les Scurria,
est tres-petite dans le genre qui nous occupe. II serait
premature de vouloir fixer definitivement les caracteres
conch\ liologiques du genre Lottia 9 quoique le type soil
Ires diflei-ent des Palelles ordinaires; car il est possible
que quelqucs- unes des espcces que Ton considere actuel-
Icment comme des Patelles se trouvent 6tre des Lollia9
lorsqu'on aura eu I'occasion d'observer leurs animaux.
On sail qu'il y a qiuitre noms employes pour designer
les Palelles a branchie <le petite dimension. Acmcea est le
premier en date, ayant e't6 public dans Pappendice du
voyage de Rolz hue. J'aurais voulu conserver pour ce
groupe ie voc.iDie geuerique Tectura, employ^ (apres
Milne -Edwards) pnr Gray et MM. Adams : mais je trouve
308
— 141 —
qne Sowerby sen., dans son Genera, a figure* 1'espece
originale comme type de son « Lottia, Gray. »
C'est le docteur Cooper qui, le premier, a observe et
signale les particularites de 1'animal ; mais la diagnose
qne je viens de donner est le rcsultat des etudes du doc-
teur Alcock, qui a suceeMe au capitaine Brown comme
curateur du Musee de Manchester. II a fait 1'anatomie de
presque toutes les Patelles de la c6te ouest d'Amerique;
mais je ne veux pas anticiper sur ses decouvertes. Voici la
diagnose de 1'espece typique.
10. LOTTIA GIGANTEA, Gray.
L. t.magna, crassiore,planata, expansa. iextura swpius
extus spongiosa; nucleo minor e, corneo, nigro-fusco, an-
cyliformi, vertice mamillato, subelevato; dein eloncjata,
postice grisea, undulata; t. adolescente verrucosa, radiis
obscuris, antice hand verrucosis ; t. adulta plus minusve,
lata, plus minusve radiata sen verrucosa; apice plus
minusve a margine remoto; parte antica sen hand exstante,
sen circiter per quintain totius longitudinis projiciente,
parte postica plus minusve elevata, convexa; extus ut in
« Acmcea pelta » picta, albido-grisea, fusco-olivaceo coniose
irregulariter strigata : intus, plerumque testudinaria ,
margine lato, nigro; spectro definite, seu rarius albido ,
cicatrice musculari fortiore, interdum purpureo seu via-
laceo tincta.
Long. (sp. normalis) 2-6^ lat. 2*05, alt. -7, poll. A.
Long. (sp. variantis) 2-95, lat. 2 35, alt. -8, poll. B.
On mesure de Yapex jusqu'au bord anterieur, dans le
sp. A, -45.
On mesure de Yapex jusqu'au bord anterieur, dans (e
sp. B, -05.
309
— 142 —
L'a'titude de Yapex en sp. A est de '6.
L'aliitude de Yapex en sp. B n'est que de '35.
= Teclurella grandis, (!pr. Brit. Assoc. Bep., loc. cit.,
ou Ton pent voir quelques details sur les variations de
cette espece remarquable.
11. BlTTICM (?VAR.) ESUBIENS.
B. t. « B. filoso » simili, sed multo minore, graciliore,
inter dum valde attenuata; sculptura I. juniore ut in
« B. filoso; » sed t. adulta subobsoleta, interstitiis hand
insculptis. Long. -27, long. spir. -19, lat. '085, poll. :
div. 25°.
Hab. Neeah Bay, Swan. Sla. -Barbara, Jewett. — Mon-
terey, San I'edro, Cooper.
Bien que j'aie vu beaucoup d'individus de cette forme,
et un plus grand nombre encore du B. filosum, Gld.
(= Turritella Eschrichli, Midd. = Acirsa Eschrichti,
Adams, Genera), je ne puis pas decider avec une certitude
complete si c'est une veritable espece, ou seulement une
variete degradee et, pour ainsi dire, affam^e (esuriens) du
B. filosum, qui, d'ailleurs, ne varie pas. Comme le B. fi-
losum rie s'etend pas aussi loin au sud, il est probable que
les echantillons californiens doivent 6tre consider^ comme
di>tincts, tandis que les individus de la region Vancouv^-
rienne peuvent &tre r^unis au B. filosum. Tous les indi-
vidus qu'on a envoyos etaient tres-roules.
12. BlTTIUM ATTENUATDM.
B. t. valde gracili, attenuata; an fr. nucl... (detritis};
normalibus 10 planatis, suturis haud impressis ; t. juniore
lirulis spiralibus 2 anticis conspicuis, aliis posticis parum
conspicuis, supra costulas circiter \ \ . radiantes transeun-
310
— 143 —
tibus; t. adulta cos tit Us et lirulis anticis obsoletis; lirulis
2. suturalibus ; basi prolongata, striis circiter 6 ornata;
apertura ovali; colum?lla intorta, pa-rum emarginata.
Long -k, long. spir. -31, lat. •\\,poll. : div. 18°.
Hab. Monterey, Taylor. — Neeah Bay, Sivan.
Je n ni vu qu'un ittul echanlillon en bon etat de cette
espcce. Elle a la taille du It. plicatum, A. Ad., raais la
sculpture de la base est difFe* rente.
15. ?BlTTIUM QUADRIFILATUM.
?B. t. satis tereti, pallide cinerea, tenuisculpta ; anfr.
nucleosis.primo omnino ccelato,?sinistrali, dein 2 Icevibus,
rotundatis, apice quasi mamillato; anfr. normalibus 7
subplanatis; suturis valde impressis, hand sculp tis ; cos-
tulis radiantibus circ. 16-22, angustis, subrectis, anfr.
ult. crebrioribus, suturam versus evanidis: filis spiralibus
semper cequalibus, supra spiram 4 angustis, expressis,
costulas transeuntibus,haudnodulosis; filis duabus alteris,
inter quas sutura sita est; basi tenue striata; columella
intorta, parum effusa; apertura ovata; labio parvo, labro
tenui, parum arcuato.Long. -26^ long. spir. -48, lat. *09,
poll: div. 25°
Hah. S. Pedro, Cooper. — S. Diego, Cassidy.
Dans cette espece et dans quelques autres tres voi-
sines, les B. asperum et B. armillafum, par exemple, le
nuc!6us est tres- different de celui des Biltium lypiques.
II est probable qu'elles n'appartiennent pas au meme
genre.
14. BARLEEIA SUBTENUIS.
B. t. parva, tenui, interdum subdiaphana^ rufo-corneat
anfr. nucleosis normalibus, apice submamillato; normali-
bus 4, planatis. suturis distinctis: basi rotundata: aper-
311
tura subovata, peritremate continuo; labro acuto; labio
distincto, lacunam umbilicalem formante; columella sub-
angulata operculo semilunato, dense rufo-vinoso, subho-
mogeneo, hand spirali, rudi; apophysi prcelonga antice
columellam versus exslante. Long. '\\, long. spir. *07,
lat. -06, poll. : div. 40°. g
Hab. S. Diego, Cassidy\ sur 1'herbe, Cooper. — Cape
St. -Lucas, Xantus. — Mazatlan, Rcigen.
Si Ton juge «eiilcmenl d'apres !a coquille, on ne pent
guere separcr celte espece despetites varietesdegrndees de
YHydrobia ulrcB d'Europe. J'avais rapporte a cetle espece
quelques indivi.lus, en tres-mauvais etal, de la collection
Reigen (Maz. Cal., n°4!7). Mais les individus frais qui
ont ele recneilh's, grace au zele du docteur Cooper, pos-
sedent 1'opercule remurquable des Barleeia.
15. BABLEEIA (?SUBTENUIS, VAR.) RIMATA.
B. t. « B. subtenui » simili; sed paulum tumidiore ;
anfractibus minus planatis; rima umbilicali conspicua.
Hab, S. Diego, Cassidy, Cooper.
Peut-e"tre celle forme se trouvera-t-el!e consliluer une
ospeoe dislincte, lorsqu'elle sera mieux connue.
16. BARLEEIA UALIOTIPHILA.
B. t. parva, turrita, Icevi, angusta, tenui, rufo-fusca;
marginibus spirce subrectis; anfr. nucleosis normalibus,
vertice submamillato; norm. 5 subplanatis, suturis dis-
tinctis; basi subplanata, obsolete angulata; aperturaovata,
peritremati haud continuo; labro tenui; labio parum cal-
loso; columella vix arcuata; operculo ut in«B. subtenui •
Long. -\, long. spir. 06, lat. -05, div. 30°.
Hob. Basse Californie, sur la pnrlie dorsale d'une Ua-
liotide, Rowell.
312
— 145 —
Cette espece est voisine du B. subtenuis ; elle s'en dis-
(ingue par sa taille beaucoup plus petite, et sa forme plus
fiancee.
17. DRILLIA TOROSA.
D. t. acuminata, Icevi, aurantio-fusca, epidermide au-
rantio-olivacea induta; anfr. nucleosis ?...(detritis); nor-
malibus 7 tumidioribus, suturis planatis; serie una tuber-
culorum validorum, subrotundatorum , anfractu penul-
timo 8, anfr. ultimo haud obsoletis; regions sinus parvi,
rotundati paulum excavata; regione suturali haud
sculp ta; canali longiore; columella recta; labio tenui; labro
acuto, postice sinuato. Long. '95, long. spir. *55, lat. *3,
poll. : div. 30°.
Hab. Monterey, Taylor, Cooper.
Cette espece, ainsi que d'autres Pleurotomidce califor-
niens, appartient a un groupe particulier, dont le D. iner-
mis, Hinds, peut 6tre considere comme le type. Peut-e"tre
ces formes seraient-elles mieux placeesdans le sous-genre
Clwnella, qui est vraiment marin, d'apres les observations
du docteur Stimpson sur les especes du cap de Bonne*
Esperance, et non pas iMelanien, comme 1'a suppose le
docteur Gray, et comme 1'ont dit, apres lui, MM. Adams
et Chenu.
18. DRILLIA (?TOROSA, var.) AURANTIA.
D. t. « D. torosce » simili , sed aurantia ; linea suturali
expressa; interdum spiraliter sculpta. Long. •$, long,
spir. -32, lat. '28, poll.: div. 38°.
Hab. San Diego, Cassidy. — San Pedro, Cooper.
Les individus des localites meridionales etaient tous en
mauvais etat, et je ne suis pas encore convaincu qu'ilsap-
partiennent a la m6me espece.
313
— 146 —
49. DRILLIA PENICILLATA.
D. t. « D. inermi » forma et indole simili; sed cinerea,
rufo-fusco dense penicillata; lineolis creberrimis, inter-
dum diagonalibus, sen zic-zacformibusf sen varie inter-
ruptis; anfractibus planatis, plicato-costatis, costulis cir-
citer \ 4, regione sinus minimi, lati, expansi interruptis,
postice nodosis; canali effusa. — Long. \ *35, long. spir. -75,
lat. -42, poll. : div. 25°.
Hab. Cerros Is., basse Californie, Vealch.
Tous les individus que j'ai vus de cette espece etaient
excessivement routes, mais on peut la reconnailre tres-
facilement a sa coloration eiegante.
20. ? DAPIINELLA ASPERA.
? D. t. parva, tenui, rufo-fusca, gracili, angusta, fusi-
formi, epidermide tenui induta; anfr. nucleosis% Icevibus,
vertice contorio ; normalibus (t. adolescente) 4 elongatis,
fenestratis, suturis distinctis ; costulis radiantibus circi-
ter 13 angustis, acutis, et costulis spiralibus, in spira
3, anfractu ultimo circiter 10, angustis, acutis, radiantes
superantibus , eleganter decussata ; intersectionibus subno-
didosis, inters titiis quadratis ; apertura elongata, an-
gusta, antice effusa; labro postice vix sinuato. — Long.
•11, long. spir. -09, lat. '08, poll.: div. 35°.
Hab. Monterey, Taylor.
Je n'ai vu de celte charmante petite coquille qu'un
seul ecliantillon trcs-frais, mais incompletement adulte.
Pout-elre se Irouvera-t-elle raieux placee dans le genre
Milromorpha, A. Adorns?
21. ODOSTOMIA STRAMINKA.
fi
0. t. « 0. inflates, var. eldtiori • simili, sed multo ela~
314
— 147 —
tiore; hand inflata , epidermide straminea, haud striu-
lata. — Long. *18, long. spir. -08, lat. -\, poll. : div. 40".
. Hab. basse Californie (sur la partie dorsale d'une Ha-
liotide], Rowell. — Cap St. -Lucas, Xantus.
On peut facilement distinguer cette espece de celles du
Nord par sa spire allongee et son epidemic d'un jaune
de paille.
22. CHEMNITZIA TRIDENTATA.
Ch* t. (quoad genus) magna, compacta, latiore; casta-
nea, interdum fasciis pallidioribus ; anfr. nucleosis 3 heli-
coideis, apice conspicuo, marginibus spirce rectis parum
super ant ibus ; normalibus \\ subplanatis, suturis distinc-
tis; costis rectis acutis, interdum 19, interdum 24 tenus9
haud attingentibus, circa peripheriam hand subito evani-
dis; interstitiis undatis, eleganter spiraliter sulcqtis ;
sulculis circiter 8-10^ costis haud superantibus ; apertura
subquadrata; labro intus tridentato; columella tortuosa;
basi rotundata. — Long. -45^ long. spir. -35, lat. -12, poll.:
div.\V.
Hab. Santa Barbara, Jewett. — Puget Sound, Kenner-
ley. — Monterey, San Pedro, Cooper.
Les trois dents de cette belle espece, cachees tout a fait
a Tinterieur de Touverture, comrne dans plusieursespeces
du genre Obeliscus, ont ete, pour la premiere fois, ob-
siirvees sur un individu casse et roule de Sanla Barbara.
Celui-ci a 22c6tes; celui de Monterey, 20; celui du nord,
19; et ceux de San Diego, 24.
23. CHESINITZIA (?rar.) AURANTIA.
Ch. t. « Ch. chocolatce » simili, sedmulto minore, latiore,
haud tereti, aurantia; anfr. nucleosis?... (detritis); nor-
malibus 7 planattSy suturis impressis; costulis radiant i-
315
— us —
bus circiter 26, hand expressis, ad peripheriam evanidis,
interstitiis late undatis ; lineolis spiralibus castanets ere-
berrimis tota superficie ornato; basi subrotundata ; colu-
mella parum torta; apertura ovata; labro tenui, acuto ;
labio haud conspicuo. — Long. '23, long. spir. '16, lat. -07,
poll.: div. 20°.
Hab. Santa Barbara, Jewell. — Pugel Sound, Kcnnerlcy.
II est possible qu'on reconnaisse plus tard que celte
espece est le jeune a*ge du Ch. tridenlata : elle eat inter-
mediaire entre elle et le Ch. chocolala.
24. VOLUTELLA PYRIFORMIS.
V. t. parva, « V. margaritulce * simili , sed aurantiaco
pallide tincta ; antice angustiore, magis elongata; labio
conspicuo; labro postice parum sinuato, intus denticulis
minus expressis ornato; plicis columellaribus normalibus,
acutioribus. — Long. -\, lat. *065, poll.
Hab San Diego, Cooper. — California, « Pacific Rail-
way exploring Expedition. »
Cette espece ressemble an V. margariluta (Maz. Cat.,
n" 589), mais elle esl plus allongee en avant. Le genre
Vom^im,Swainson (non d'Orbigny), correspond au genre
Closia de Gray.
25. OCINEBRA POULSONI (Nutt. ms.).
0. t. turrita, solida, luteo-albida, rufo-sanguineo spi-
raliter lineata; vertice nucleoso parvo, Icevi, parum tu-
mente : t. juniore rhomboidea, hand varicosa, spira pla-
nata, peripheria subangulataf canali recta, longiore, la-
bro intus dentatOj labio distincto, subcalloso : t. adultat
anfr. 7 primis planatis, posticis tumidis ; suturis pla-
natis, sedarea postica concava; costis subvaricosis crebris.
316
— 149 —
tumentibus, irregular ibus, anfractu ultimo 7, circiter
quinquies subnodosis; tola super fide spiraliter crebre in-
sculpta ; sulcis punctatis , rufo sanguineis ; aperturaovali;
labro acutiore, dorsaliter tumido, varicoso, intus dentibus
validis circiter § munito; labto solido, sub suturam dente
valido parietali munito, super columellam calloso; canali
breviore, aperto. — Long. \ '85, long. spir. *96, lat. *93,
poll. : div. 38°.
Mab. San Diego, Nuttall. — Cerros Is., Veatch. —
Santa Barbara, Jewell.
Je n'ai vu que trois individus de cette belle espece :
I'uird'eux, qui esl typique, porte le nom de « Buccinum
Poulsoni » dans la collection Nuttall qui fail parlie du
Musee brilannique : un second, tres-jeune, et d'un as-
pect fort particulicT, bien qu'il appartienne evidemment
a la me* me espece, a ete recueilli par le colonel Jewell,
probablement a Santa Barbara (mais, d'apres son etiquette,
a Panama) : enfin celui du docteur Veatcli provient de la
basse Califbrnie, et il esten tres-mauvais elat. Le premier
a ele dessine sur bois pour 1'institution Smithsonienne
par M. Sowerby. Comme celle e^pece inte'ressante est
presque inconnue en France, j'ai cru devoir en donner
une description suffisamment precise. p. p, c-
317
N.
ON
THE PLEISTOCENE FOSSILS
COLLECTED BY
COL. E. JEWETT, AT STA. BARBARA, CALIFORNIA;
WITH
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.
BY
PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Pn.D.
From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series, Vol.
XVII., pp. 274-278, April, 1866.
(319)
[From the ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY
for April 1866.J
ON
THE PLEISTOCENE FOSSILS
COLLECTED BY COL. E. JEWETT AT STA. BARBARA, CALIFORNIA}
WITH
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.
BY
PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., PH.D.
THE study of the recent and tertiary mollusks of the west coast
of America is peculiarly interesting and instructive, for the fol-
lowing reasons. It is the largest unbroken line of coast in the
world, extending from 60° N. to 55° S., without any material
salience e^tept the promontory of Lower California. Being
flanked by an almost continuous series of mountain-ranges, the
highest in the New World, it mi<iht reasonably be supposed that
the coast-line had been separated from the Atlantic from remote
ages. The almost entire dissimilarity of its faunas from those
of the Pacific Islands, from which it is separated by an immense
breadth of deep ocean from north to south, marks it out as con-
taining the most isolated of all existing groups of species, both in
its tropical and its temperate regions. When we go back in time,
we are struck by the entire absence of anything like the boreal
drift, which has left its ice-scratchings and arctic shells over so
large a portion of the remaining temperate regions of the northern
hemisphere, and also by the very limited remains of what can
fairly be assigned to the Eocene age. The great bulk of the
land on the Pacific slope of North America (so far as it is not
of volcanic origin) appears to have been deposited during the
Miocene epoch. Here and there only are found beds whose
fossils agree in the main with those now living in the neigh-
bouring seas. To trace the com spon deuces and differences
21 321
2 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on Pleistocene Fossils
between these and their existing representatives may be expected
to present results analogous to those now being worked out
with such discerning accuracy from the various newer beds of
modern Europe.
The first collection of Californian fossils seen in the east was
made near Sta. Barbara by Col. E. Jewett in 1849; but no ac-
count .was published of them before the list in the British Asso-
ciation Report (1863), p. 539. They consist of forty-six species,
of which twenty-nine are known to be now living in the Cali-
fornian seas, and others may yet be found there. The following
ten are Vancouver species, some of which may travel down to
the northern part of California : —
Margarita pupilla, Priene Oregonensis,
Galerus fastigiatus, Trophon Orpheus,
Bittium filusum, Chrysodomus carinatus,
Lacuna solidula, C. tabulatus, and
Natica clausa, C. dims.
Some of these are distinctly boreal shells, as are also Crepidula
grandis (of which Col. Jewett obtained a giant, 3J inches long,
and which now lives on a smaller scale in Karntschatka) and
Trophon tenuisculptus (whose relations will be presently pointed
out). So far, then, we have a condition of things differing from
that of the present seas, somewhat as the Red Crag differs from
the Coralline. But in the very same bed (and the shells are in.
such beautiful condition that they all appear to have lived on
the spot, which was perhaps suddenly caused to emerge by
volcanic agency) are found not only tropical species which even
yet struggle northwards into the same latitudes (as Chione
succincta), but also species now found only in southern regions,
as Cardium graniferum and Pecten floridus. Besides these,
the following, unknown except in this bed, are of a distinctly
tropical type, viz. :
Opalia, var. insculpta. Pisania fortis.
Chrysallida, sp.
From a single collection made only at one spot, in a few
weeks, and from tke very fragmentary information to be derived
from the collections of the Pacific Railway surveys (described by
Mr. Conrad, and tabulated in the Brit. Assoc. Report, 1863,
pp. 589-596), it would be premature to draw inferences. We
shall await with great interest the more complete account to be
given by Mr. Gabb in the Report of the California Geological
Survey. With the greatest urbanity, that gentleman has sent
his doubtful Pleistocene fossils to the writer, to be compared
the living fauna; but it would be unfair here to give any
322
from Sta. Barbara, California. 8
account of them, except that they confirm the foregoing state-
ments in their general character.
-The following are diagnoses of the new species in Col. Jewett's
collection.
Turritella Jewettii.
T. testa satis tereti, haud tenui, cinerea rufo-fusco tincta ; anfr.
subplanatis, suturis distinctis ; liruiis distantibus (quarutn t. jun.
duse extantiores) et striolis subobsoletis spiralibus ciucta; basi
parum angulata ; apertura subquadrata ; labro tenui, modice si-
nuato.
Hob. Sta. Barbara, Pleistocene formation (Jewett). San Diego,
on beach (Cassidy).
This species comes nearest to T. sanguinea, R,ve., from the
Gulf, but differs in the faintness of the sculpture. Mr. Cassidy's
specimens may be washed fossils, or very poor recent shells.
Bittium tasperum.
B. testa B. quadrifilato forma, magnitudine, et indole simili, sed
sculptura intensiore ; eodem vertice nucleoso abnormali ; sed, vice
filorum, costulis spiralibus costas spirales superantibus, subnodu-
losis ; t. jun. costulis ii. anticis majoribus, alteris minimis ; postea
plerumque iv. subsequalibus, interdum iii. interdum aliis iiiter-
calantibus; sculptura basali intensiore; costis radiantibus sub-
arcuatis.
? = Turbonilla aspera, Gabb, in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila-
delphia, 1861, p. 368.
Hob. Sta. Barbara, fossil in Pleistocene beds; abundant (Jewett).
S. Pedro, S. Diego, Catalina Is. 30-40 fms. (Cooper), State Col.
no. 591 c.
Mr. Gabb informs me that his Turbonilla aspera is a Bittium.
Unfortunately the type is not accessible ; and as the diagnosis
would fit several closely allied species, it cannot be said with
precision to which it rightfully applies. As this is the com-
monest of the group, it is presumed that it is the " Turbonilla "
intended. Should the type, however, be recovered, and prove
distinct, this shell should take the name of B. rugatum, under
which I wrote the diagnosis, and which was unfortunately
printed in the Brit. Assoc. Report, p. 539. The fossil specimens
are in much better condition than the recent shells as yet dis-
covered.
Bittium armillatum.
B. testa B. aspero simili ; anfr. nucl. ii. laevibus, tumentibus, vertice
declivi, celato ; dein anfr. ix. normalibus planatis, suturis impressis;
t. adolescente seriebus nodulorum tribus spiralibus extantibus,
supra costas iustructis ; costis radiantibus circ. xiii. fere parallelis,
323
4 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on Pleistocene Fossils
seriebus, a sutnris separatis, spiram ascendentibus ; t. adulta,
costulis spiralibus, interdum iv., intercalantibus ; costulis radianti-
bus creberrimis; costis suturalibus ii. validis, baud nodosis : basi
effusa, liris circ. vi. ornata; apertura subquadrata; labro labioque
tenuibus ; columella vix torsa, efFusa, vix emarginata.
Hub. Sta. Barbara, Pleistocene, 1 sp. (Jewett). S. Pedro,
S. Diego (Cooper}.
The sculpture resembles Cerithiopsis ; but the columella is
pinched, not notched.
Opalia (tcrenatoides, var.) insculpta.
O. testa O. crenatoidei simili ; sed costis radiantibus pluribus, xiii.—
xvi., in spira validis; anfr. ult. obsoletis ; sculptura spirali nulla;
punctis suturalibus minus impressis, circa fasciam basalem Isevem
postice, non antice continuis.
Hob. Sta. Barbara, Pleistocene, 1 sp. (Jewett),
Very closely related to O. crenatoides, now living at Cape
St. Lucas, and, with it, to the Portuguese O. crenata. It is
quite possible that the three forms had a common origin.
Trophon tenuisculptus.
T, testa T. Barvicensi simili, sed sculptura minus extante ; vertice
nucleoso minimo ; anfractibus uno et dimidio Isevibus, apice acuto;
normalibus v., tumidis, postice subangulatis, suturis impressis ;
costis radiantibus x.-xiv., plerumque xii., baud varicosis, angustis,
obtusis ; liris spiralibus majoribus, distantibus, quarum ii.-iii. in
spira monstrantur, aliis intercalantibus, supra costas radiantes
undatim transeuntibus ; tota superficie lirulis incrementi, supra
liras spirales squamosis, eleganter ornata; canali longiore, sub-
recta, vix clausa ; labro acutiore, postice et intus incrassato, denti-
bus circ. v. munito ; labio conspicuo, Isevi ; columella torsa.
Hab. Sta. Barbara, Pleistocene formation (Jewett).
This very elegant shell is like the least-sculptured forms of
T. Barvicensis, from which it appears to differ in its extremely
small nucleus. It is very closely related to T.fimbriatulus, A. Ad.,
from Japan, but differs in texture, and is regarded by Mr. Adams
as distinct. It stands on the confines of the genus, there being
a slight columellar twist, as in Peristernia.
Pisania fortis.
P. testa P. insiyni simili, sed solidiore ; crassissima, sculptnra valde
impressa ; anfr. norm, v., parum rotundatis, suturis distinctis ;
costis radiantibus t. juniore circ. xii., obtusis, parum expressis,
postea obsoletis; liris spiralibus validis, crebris (quarum t. juniore
v., postea x., iu spira monstrantur), subaequalibus, anticia major!-*
324
from Sta. Barbara} California. 5
bus ; canali recurvata ; lacuna umbilical! magna ; labro intus
crebrilirato ; labio conspicuo, spiraliter rugose lirato.
Hab. Sta Barbara, Pleistocene formation (Jewett).
Col. Jewett's single specimen is in very fine condition, and is
confirmed by a fragment obtained by Mr. Gabb, the palaeonto-
logist to the California State Survey. Although resembling
Purpura aperta and congeners in the irregular rugose folds of
the labium, and Siphonalia in the strongly bent canal, Mr. H.
Adams considers that its affinities are closest with the Cantharus
group of Pisania. That genus is extremely abundant in the
tropical fauna, but does not now live in California. It is the
only distinctly tropical shell in the whole collection; and its
presence, along with so many boreal species and types, appears
somewhat anomalous, like the appearance of Valuta and Cassi-
daria in the Crag fauna. It is distinguished from the extreme
forms of P. insignia by having the spiral lirse pretty equally dis-
tributed over the early whorls, by the close internal ribbing of
the labrum, by the absence of the stout posterior parietal tooth,
and by the great development of the columellar folds.
Note. — Unfortunately, during the long interval which has elapsed
between the transmission of the MS. and receipt of the proof, the
types have been returned to the owner, and (with the remainder of
Col. Jewett's invaluable collection of fossils) have become the pro-
perty of a college in New York State. As they are packed in boxes,
and at present inaccessible, I am unable to give the measurements ;
but the unique specimens were drawn on wood by Mr. Sowerby for
the Smithsonian Institution.— P. P. C., Montreal, Feb. 22, 1866.
325
INDEX OF SPECIES.
T. B. The numbers without capitals refer to the foot -paging in this volume :
those with capitals to the original works quoted in the list, O-X.
Acanthochites \
Acanthocliiton )
auhates, 72.
avicula, 98, 136.
arragouites, 108, 0 252, 0 318,
P 198.
Acanthopleura
Call to ni iea, 135.
fluxa, 98, 135.
muscosa, 16.
Acar
gradata, 69.
A chat in a
Albersi, P 175, 0 287.
California, 59.
conularis, 0 287.
coronata, 0 295.
cylindracea, 0 286.
fusiformis, 0 285.
Isabellina, 0 286.
Liebraanni, 0 295.
octona, 44.
pulchella, P 177.
Sowerbyana, 0 286.
streptostyla, 0 295.
tortillana, 0 286.
turris, 59, P 175-
zebra, P 176.
Acicula
turris, P 175.
Acila
insignis, 73.
castrensis, 88, 91, 98, 130,
165.
Lyalli, 130.
Acirsa
borealis, 245.
Esehriuhtii, 310.
meuesthoides, 104, 217.
Aclis
ascaris, P 438.
fusiformis, 0 260, 0 335, P 437.
lumens, 0 260, 0 335, P 438.
Acmaea
seruginosa, 19, 84, 0 283, O
3!9-
ancylus, 0 174, 0 215, P 208,
V 221.
fancyloides, 19, 0 215.
Antillarum, P 203, 0 364.
Asmi, 19, 23, 136.
atrata, 27, 104, 152, 213.
Liradiata, 268
cantharus, 214.
cassis, 7, O 173, 0 178, 0 290,
0319,0348.
var. cinis, 0 233.
cseca, 19.
cribraria, 16, 0 211, 0 319.
diaphana, 0 319.
digitalis, 7, 136, 0 174, O 319.
disoors, 60.
dorsuosa, 72.
fascicularis, 108, 268, 0 233,
0 239, O 252, 0 319, 0 351,
0 364, P 203, P 206, P 210,
P546.
fimbriata, 0 319.
iloccata, 268.
(?floccata, var.) filosa, 267.
(13)
14
INDEX OP SPECIES.
Acmaea
(?floccata, var.) subrotunda, 37,
268.
gigantea, O 229, 0 233, 0 297.
grandis, 0 282, 0 283, O 297,
instabilis, 0 212.
Kochii, O 229, O 233.
var. limulata, 26, 136, 151.
livescens, O 319.
mamillata, 7, 0 173, 0 199,
0 215, V 222.
marmorea, 0 173, 0 199, 0 215,
V 222.
Mazatlandica, 0 319.
niesoleuca, 16, 24, 27, 104, 197,
214, 0 208, 0 209, 0 229,
O 233, O 239, 0 241, 0 252,
0 276, 0 283, O 319, 0 348,
0 352, 0 366, P 203, P 206,
P 208, P 210, P 546.
mitella, 24, 92, 108, 0236,0319,
0 252, O 291, 0 364, P 210,
P533.
mitra, 0 173, 0 177, 0 199, O 212,
0 213, 0 215, V 222.
monticola, 72.
var. monticula, 72.
mutabilis, O 239, O 252, P 203,
P 205, P 206, P 546.
Oregona, 1 70, 0 229, 0 233, 0 240.
paleacea, 0 227, 0 229, U 204.
patina, 16, 23, 48, 48, 49, 69, 72,
92, 104, 136, 170, 214, 0 173,
0 174, O 190, 0 198, 0 199,
O 209, 0 215, 0 219, 0 229,
0 233, 0 252, 0 290, 0 291,
0 319, 0 347, O 348, 0 351,
0 353, P203, P 207, V 221.
pelta, 16, 19, 23, 26, 48, 49, 84,
92, 136, 214,309,0162,0173,
0 199, 0 223,0 291,0 319,
V 221.
persona, 16, 19, 23, 26, 84, 136,
151, 170,0 174, 0 175,0 199,
0 229, 0 233, 0 252, 0 291, i
Acmaea
0 348,0 351,0 353, P 208,
V 221.
personoides, 0 215, 0 319, P
203.
pileolus, 0 215, 0 319.
(?pileolus, var.) rosacea, 136.
pintadiua, 92, 0 229, 0 233.
radiata, 0 174, 0 215, P 208,
V 221.
rosacea, 100, 136.
scabra, 13, 23, 26, 84, 136, 151,
0 199, 0 213, 0 229, 0 233,
0 252, 0 282, 0 319, 0 349,
0351,0352,0353, V222.
scurra, 0 190, 0 215, V 222.
scutum, 19, 170, 0 173, 0 190,
0 215, 0 219, P 207, P 209,
V 221, V 222.
?Sieboldi, 69.
spectrum, 16, 23, 26, 84, 136,
151, 0 199, 0 213, 0 229,
0233, 03i9, 0351, V 222.
striata, 0 319, 0 360.
strigatella, 152, 214, 268.
strigillata, 104.
subrotundata, 268.
tessellata, 0 229, 0 233.
testudinalis, 92, 0 219, 0 366,
P 203.
textilina, 0 213, 0 319.
var. textilis, 151.
toreuma, 0 319, 0 349.
var. umbonata, 136.
vernicosa, 24, 268.
verriculata, O 229, 0 233.
vespertina, 268, 0 319.
(?vespertiua, far.) vernicosa,
37.
virginea, 136.
Acroloxus
Nuttalli, 161.
Acrybia
aperta, 71*
Actinia
Candida, Q 235.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
15
Actinocyclus
Sandiegensis, 94.
Actinobolus
borealis, 70.
ventricosus, 17.
Ac us
luctuosus, P 387.
Adamsiella
Osberti, 44.
Adeorbis
abjectus, 188, 190, 0 273.
scaber, 0 295, 0 322, P 354.
Verrauxii, 62.
Admete
arctica, 71, 0 329.
crispa, 0 217.
viridula, 71, 0 329
Adrana
lanceolata, 131.
Adula
cirmamomea, 38, 237.
falcata, 21, 26, 130, 237.
parasitica, 237.
soleniforinis, 236.
stylina, 85, 113, 130, 155,237.
JEgopsis
cultellata, 159.
JEneta
harpa, no.
JBolift
iodinea, 94, 95.
Barbarensis, 95.
opalescens, 94, 95.
pinnata, 0 313.
Agaronia
hiatula, 0 177, 0 366, P 472,
P473-
Steeriae, 0 366.
testacea, 24, 28, 153, 155, 178,
0 340, 0 282, 0 366, P 272,
P473-
Aglaia
fidelis, 157.
infuinata, 157.
Akera
eulcitella, 0 227, U 203.
Alaba
alabastrites, 0 257, O 327, P
368.
conica, 0 257, 0 327, P vi.,
P368.
laguncula, 0 257, 0 328, P
369-
mutans, 0 257, 0 328, P 367,
P 369, P 370.
scalata, 0 257, 0 327, P 368.
supralirata, 109, 259, 0 257,
0 327, 0 364, P 366, P 367,
P 369, P 530.
terebralis, 109, 0 257, 0 327,
P367-
tervaricosa, 0 364.
violacea, 0 257, 0 327, P 367.
Alasmodon
Alasmodonta
arcuata, 0 211.
falcata, 85, 120, 0 210, 0 211,
0 212, 0 213, 0 234, 0 310.
margarifera, var. 0 210.
Yubaensis, 117, 120.
Aletes
centiquadrus, 24, 27, 37, 42, 43,
108, 194, 0 324, 0 255, 0 275,
P 301, P 306.
fcentiquadrus, var. imbricatus,
42, 0 255, P 303.
margaritarum,42,0 255, 0 324,
P3Q3-
Peronii, 0 282, 0 324.
squamigerus, 43, 0 200, 0 233,
0 324, 0 349, P 303, P 304,
V 226.
Alora
Gouldii, 24, 40.
Alvania
effusa, 0 257, 0 327, P 359.
excurvata, 0 257, 0 327, P 359,
P36o.
filosa, 114, 142, 241.
inconspicna, 0 327.
reticulata, 114, 142, 241.
terebelluin, 0 327.
16
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Alvania
tumida, 36, 109, 189, 0 327,
0 357, P 359, P 36o.
turrita, 0 327.
Amalia
columbiana, 159.
Amaltliea
effodiens, R 5.
Grayana, P 299, R 4.
Panaraensis, P 297, R 3.
Amiantis
callosa, 22, 26, 39, 106, 126, 151,
279.
Amicula
vestita, 71.
Amnicola
Hindsii, 90.
longinqua, 79, 162, 0 283, 325.
Nuttalliana, 84, 162.
protea, 79, 162, 0 283, 0 325.
seminalis 84.
Amphidesma (=Semele)
bicolor, 203, 0 279.
Californicum, O 289.
corbuloides, 0 222.
corrugatura, 62.
decisum, 0 195, 0 228, V 213.
ellipticum, 39, 203, 0 279.
flavesceus, 0 226, U 199.
nucleolus, P 108.
physoides, P 105.
proximum, 39, 62, 203, 0 279,
0 289, P 28.
pulchrum, 203, 0 188, 0 280.
punctatum, 0 182.
roseum, 0 195, 0 228, V 213.
rubrolineatum, 0 195, V 212.
rupium, 0 182.
striosum, 39, 203, 0 280.
tortuosum, 203, 0 280.
venustuin, P 28.
ventricosum, 39, 203, 0 280.
Amphichaena
Kindermanni, 0 297.
regularis, 104, 210.
Amphithalamus
inclusus, 23, 100, 142, 283.
lacunatus, 99, 143.
Ampullaria
cerasum, 0 291.
Coluinbiensis, 155, O 291.
Cumingii, 0 179, O 291, O 326.
malleata, 0 295, O 326.
Amusium
caurinum, 22, 70, 73, 74, Si, 131,
165, 169.
Amycla
Californiana, 23, 148.
clirysalloidea, 99, 148.
corniculata, 288.
gausapata, 23, 25, 76, 114, 148,
149.
Gouldiana, 53.
minor, 288.
tuberosa, 23, 25, 1 14, 148, 288.
undata, 99, 148.
Anachis
albonodosa, 0 263, 0 343, P5I2.
atramentaria, 180, 0 361, 0 344.
auriflna, 112.
azora, 0 225.
Californica, 25.
conspicua, 180, 0 269, 0 344.
coronata, 25, 112, 151, 155,0 263,
0 171,0343, P 508, P 513.
costellata, 25, 180, 0 210, O 225,
0 263, 0 343, 0 364 P 506,
?costellata, var. 0 263.
(?costellata, var.) pachyderma,
0 263, P 507.
costulata, 0 363.
diminuta, 25, 180, 0 269, 6344.
fulva, i So, 0 263, 0 283, 0 343,
P5o9.
flactnata, 25, 59, 61, 180, O 344.
fuscostrigata, 105, 221.
Gaskoinei,20,53, 112,260,0263,
0343, P 5i I-
graoilis, 180, 0 344.
INDEX OP SPECIES.
Anachis
Guatemalensis, 35, 181.
lentiginosa, 0 344.
lyrata, 25, 53, 180, 0 344-
maculosa, 0 263.
maesta, 181, 0 270, 0 344, P 509.
nigricans, 25, 181, 0 344, 0 361,
P509.
nigrofusca, 0 263, 0 343, P 509.
nucleolus, 0 343.
pall Ida, 112, 0 343.
parva, 0 344.
fpeuiuillata, 23, 150, 288.
pygmaea, 25, 35,112, 181,0263,
0343, 0363, P 510, P 511.
pygmsea, var. 0 284, P 510.
pulchrior, 112.
rufotincta, 34, 0 263, 0 343,
P SIL
rugosa, 25, 59, 181, 0 283,0 344.
rugulosa, 0 361, 0 344.
scalarina, 35, 180, 0 263, 0 343,
P505-
serrata, 112, 260, 0 343, 0 263,
P5o9.
subturrita, 99, 150.
terpsichore, 0 364.
te?selata, 0 270, 0 344.
tincta, 105, 221.
tseniuta, 112, 260, 0 343.
varia, 25, 181, 0 344, P 507.
Anatina
alta, 39, 204, 0 280.
argentaria, 0 231.
Anculosus
Nuttalli, 162.
Ancylus
caurinus, 85, 161.
crassus, 161.
fragilis, 161.
Kootaniensis, 90, 161.
Newberryi, 161.
Nuttalli, 85.
patelloides, 120, 161.
Anellum
annulatain, X 442.
2
Anellum
clathratum, 0 256, 0 324, X 442.
elegaiitissimura, X 443.
?elegantissimum, var. Searles-
Woodii, X 443.
elongatum, 0 256, 0 324, X 442.
var. semilseve, X 442.
firmatum, 0 256, 0 324, X 442.
Floridanum, X 442.
gracile, X 443.
gurgulio, X 442.
?parvum, 0 324.
pulchellum, X 442.
quadratum, 0 256, 0 324, X 442.
? var. couipactuin, X 442.
regulare, X 443.
subirnpressum, 0 256, 0 324,
trachea, X 442.
? var. obsoletum, X 442.
turn id u in, X 442.
undatum, 0 256, 0 324, X 443.
Angulus
ainplectans, 155, 272.
decumbens, 271.
Gouldii, 125, 151, 300.
modestus, 88, 125, 167.
obtusus, 125, 235.
tener, 88, 125, 167.
variegatus, 97, "3, 125,235.
Anodon (=Anodonta)
angulata, 17, 18, 86, 92, 120,
164, 0 206, 0 210, 0 212,
0 297, 0 309.
anatina, 0 222.
anserina, P 117.
atrovirens, 0 295, 0 309. ;
Californiensis, 77.
cellensis, 0 222.
cicouia, 0 170, 0 232, O 227,
0 309, 0 248, P 117, U 202.
cognata, 17, 91, 0 210, 0 212,
0 310.
cornea, 0 295, 0 309.
feminalis, 17, 86, 120, 0 210,
0 212, 0 213, 0 309.
18
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Anodonta
glauca, 27, 30, 0 170, 0 227,
0248,0309,? 117, P 550.
herculea, 0 222.
implicata, P 117.
Montezuma, 0 265.
Nicaragua, 0 295, 0 309.
Nuttalliana, 91, 164, 0 197,
0 211, 0 309, V 218.
Oregonensis, 17, 86, 91, 164,
0 197, 0 213, 0 309, V
218.
Randalli, 117, 120.
rotundovata, 117, 120.
sinuata, P 117.
siuuosa, P 117.
triangularis, 117.
triangulata, 120.
Wahlamatensis, 86, 91, 92, 120,
164, 0 197,0 309, V 218.
Anomala
Cumingii, 0 287.
inflata, 0 287.
insignis, 0 287.
Anomalocardia
flexuosa, 0 364, P 79.
subimbricata, 23, 27, 38, 43, 55,
106, 201, 0 170, 0 247, 0 282,
0 306, P 79, P 80.
subrugosa, 23, 201, 0 229, 0 232,
0 241, 0 247, 0 282, 0 306,
O 364, P 79-
Anomia
Adamas, 0 186, 0 312, 0 359.
ephippium, 0 222.
fidenas, 0 186, 0 312.
lampe, 24, 27, 38, 132, 151, 154,
195, 198, 0 192, 0 208, 0 241,
0 250, 0 277, 0 281, 0 286,
0312, P 167.
macroschisraa, 85, 0 203, 0 218,
0 221, 0 222.
olivacea, 72.
patelliformis, 0 218.
Ruffini, 76.
subcostata, 76,81.
Anomia
tenuis, 38, 198, 0 277, O 312.
Aplexa
aurantia, P 179, P 180.
elata, P 180.
bypnorum, P 179.
Maugerae, P 180.
Peruviana, P 180.
Aphrodite
columba, 47.
Aplysia
Californica, 95.
Area
aequilatera, 0 I.
alternata, 200, 0 229, 0 277.
Americana, 0 249, P 139.
arata, 75.
auriculata, 0 277.
aviculoides, 38, 200, 0 277.
barbata, var. P 140.
bicolorata, P 140.
bifrons, 0 249, 0 310, P 134.
Braziliana, 0 289.
brevifrons, 136, 0 249, 0 310.
canalis, 80.
cardiiformis, 0 285, 0 289, 0 310.
clathrata, 0 249, P 142, P 143.
coucinua, 0 183, 0 229, 0 310.
congesta, 80.
deviucta, 0 367.
Domingensis, 0 249, P 142.
donaciformis, 0 249, P 142.
emarginata, 200, 0 183, 0 249,
0 277, 0 310, P 137.
formosa, 0 183, 0 234, 0 310.
fusca, 0 243, P 140.
gradata, 200, 0 175,0 229,0278,
P 141.
grandis, 23, 85, 153, 200, 260,
0 i, 0 160, 0 175, 0 183,
0 208, 0 226, 0 229, 0 234,
O 249, 0 .278, 0 366, P 132,
P 134.
hemicardium, 0 234, O 249
0 278, P 136.
Helbingii, 62, 0 278.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
19
Area
illota, var. 0 278.
imbricata, 0 249, P 139.
incongrua, 0 249, P 134, P 135.
labiata, 0 183, 0 249, 0 310,
0 363, P 134.
labiosa, 0 249, P 134.
?lurida, 0 226.
microdonta, 75.
multicostata, 27, 85, 102, 107,
130, 260, 0 183, 0 234, 0 249,
0 310, P 134, P 136.
mutabilis, 200, P 139.
nux, 0 229, 0 310.
Obispoana, 81.
?ovata, 0 236, P 538.
Pacifica, 0 229, 0 282.
pectiniformis, 10, 0 178, 0 289.
pernoides, 0 283, 0 351.
pholadiformis, 38, 200, 0 278.
pusilla, P 142.
quadrilatera, 0 183.
Reeviana, 62, 200, 0 278, 0 310.
reversa, 200, 0 234, 0 278,
O 249, 0 310, P 136.
senilis, 31, 0 366, P 132.
setigera, P 140.
similis, 38, 200, 0 229. 0 249,
0 278, P 135.
solida, 0 226, 0 278.
squamosa, P 142.
,?squamosa, 62. 0 249.
Tabogensis, 200, 0 249, 0 278,
P 141.
trilineata, 80.
trapezia, 14, 0 202, 0 249, P 550.
tuberculosa, 14, 23, 38, 200,
0 183, 0 202, 0 229, 0 234,
0 249, 0 278, 0 310, P 135.
umbonata, P 142.
vespertilio, 0 226.
Arcopagia
biplicata, 80, 81.
lamellata, 97, 125.
medialis, 80.
unda, 81.
Arcturus
radis, 9.
Argina
brevifrons, 31, 154.
A rgobuccinum
cancellatum, 33, O 338.
Chemnitzii, 0 338.
nodosum, 182, 0 261, 0 270,
0 367, 0 338, P 454, V 209.
Oregonense, 0 338.
scabrum, 0 338.
Argonauta
argo, 99, 112, 150.
liians, 153.
var. papyracea, 112.
Arianta
arrosa, 157.
Ayresiana, 158.
Bridgesii, 158.
Californiensis, 158.
Carpenteri, 158.
Dupetitliouarsi, 158.
exarata, 158.
intercisa, 158.
levis, 158.
Mormonum, 158.
Nickliniana, 157.
ramentosa, 158.
redimita, 157.
reticulata, 158.
Townsendiana, 157.
Traskei, 158.
tudiculata, 157.
Aricia
Arabica, n, P 374.
arabicula, 27, 109, 176, 0 258,
0 328, P 373, P 374.
caput-serpentis, P 374.
obvelata, P 374.
punctulata, 24, 109, 155, 176,
0328.
Arion
foliatus. 159, 0 313.
foliolatus, 0 210.
Artemis
Dunkeri, 201,0 224,0278^ 61.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Artemis
gigantea, 60, 0 352.
Pacifica, 0 278.
ponderosa, 60, 0 289, P 60.
saccata, 201, 0 227, 0 246, 0 278,
P 62, S 161, U 201.
simplex, 0 186, 0 246, 0 278,
0 287, P 61.
subquadrata, 0 186, P 62.
tennis, 0 281.
?Assiminea
dubiosa, 0 275.
subrotundata, 114, 142, 241.
Astarte
Banksii, 0 178.
borealis, 0 219.
cornpacta, 88, 128, 168.
coinpressa, 88, 128, 0 223, P 162.
corbis, 236.
corrugata, 0 219, 0 223, 0 306,
0347-
crassidens, 0 175, 0 347.
Danmoniensis, 0 223.
Esquimalti, 128.
fluctuata, 97, 128.
Garensis, 0 221.
lactea, 20, 71, 72, 0 175, O 219,
O 221, 0 347.
Omalii, 128.
oniaria, 97.
orbicularis, 128, 236.
Scotica, 20, 0 219, 0 221, 0 223.
semisulcata, 0 219, 0 221, 0 347.
fstriata, O 178.
triangularis, 0 336.
Asteronotus
alabastrina, 94.
sanguinea, 94.
Asthenothaerus
villosior, 104, 209.
?Atys
casta, 104, 212.
Aulus
grandis, 12.
Auricula
acuta, 0 275.
Auricula
concinna, 0 275.
infrequens, 0 275.
Panauiensis, 0 275.
papillifera, 0 275.
stagnalis, 0 275.
Tabogensis, 0 275.
trilineata, 0 275.
Autonoe
rubra, P 108.
Avicula
Atlantica, O 227, 0 236, 0 249,
0 364, P 148, P 538.
barbata, 50.
Cumingii, 50.
fimbriata, 0 296, P 550.
heteroptera, 50.
libela, 31, 199.
margaritifera, 0 277, 0 295.
Peruviana, 107, 153.
sterna, 24, 50, 199, O I, 0 227,
0 229, 0 233, 0 249, O 277,
0364, P 148, P 15 1, U 203.
Axiiiae a
Barbarensis, 80, 82,97, 130, 170.
insequalis, 154.
intermedia, 82, 97, 130, 170.
gigantea, 107.
multicosta, 154, 155.
parcipicta, 154.
pectenoides, 154.
septentrionalis, var. subobso-
leta, 113, 130,237.
Bankivia
varians, 0 253, 0 320, 0 365,
P 226.
Barbatia
alternata, 24, 31, 200, 256.
aviculoides, 24.
gradata, 24, 69, 97, 107, 130,
152.
illota, 24, 107, 200.
mutabilis, 155.
pernoides, 102.
Reeviana, 27, 107, 200.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
21
Barbatia
solida, 24, 27, 107.
Tabogensis, 31.
vespertilio, 107.
Barleeia
haliotiphila, 142, 312.
lirata, 109, 0 257, 0 327, P 552.
rubra, 32, P 552.
1 subtenuis, 32, 109, 142, 155, 313.
(?subteuuis, var.) riinata, 142,
312.
Barnea
Candida, 205.
Bela
decussata, 71.
excurvata, 89, 144, 169.
fidicula, 17, 144, 169, 0 331.
harpularia, 71.
rufa, 71.
turgida, 73.
turricula, 70, 144, 0 348.
Berenecia
trispinosa, P 3.
Bezoardica
abbreviata, 24, 27, 110,151, 151,
181.
inflata, 35.
Binneya
notabilis, 95, 157.
Bithinia
nuclea, 162, 0 326.
sirailis, 144, 0 326.
Bittium
armillatum, 25, 99, 141, 311, 323.
asperum, 99, 141, 311, 323.
attenuatum, 141, 310.
Escrichtii, 141.
(?uar.) esuriens, 23, 114, 141,
283, 310.
fastigiatura, 23, 141, 283.
filosum, 19, 25, 84, 141, 310,
322.
nitens, 104, 218.
plicatum, 141, 311.
quadrifilatum, 141, 311, 323.
rugatum, 25, 323.
Bivonia
albida, 24, 43, P 307, 0 255,
0324.
compaeta, 114, 140, 239.
coutorta, 24, 43, 108, 153,0235,
0 237, 0 255, 0 324, P 305.
?contorta, var. indeiitata, P 307,
0255.
glomerata, 194, P 309, W 316.
indentata, 43, 0 233.
Panamensis, 0 324.
Quoyi, 43.
subcancellata, W 315.
sutilis, 43.
triquetra, 43.
var. typica, 43.
var. variegata, 43.
Bornia
iuflata, P 105.
luticola, 15,0 203.
semilunum, P 108.
Bro china
glabra, X 413, X 414, X 415,
X 416, X 417, X 418, X 434,
X 435, X 436, X 436, X 437,
X 440, X 443.
glabriformis, X 437, X 443.
Brochus
annulatus. X 414, X 423.
arcuatus, X 436, X* 437.
glaber, X 436.
laevis, X 436.
reticulatus, X 423.
striatus, X 425.
trsecbiformis, X 416, X 425.
Bryophila (=Philobrya)
setosa, 24, 98, 104, 131, 212.
Buccinum
aciculatnm, P 389.
angulosntn, 71, 0 177, 0 347.
Antoni, 0 225.
aplustre, 4.
armatnm, 10, 0 177, 0 294.
biliratum, 0 188, 0 361, P 515.
boreale, 0 176, 0 218.
Boygii, 35.
INDEX Of SPECIES.
Bucc inum
brevidentatum, 10, 0 177,0178.
cancellatuin, 20, 0 218.
cinis, 0 188.
ciiigulatum, P 458.
compositum, 4.
Corornandelianum, 0 188, P 516.
corrugatum, 49, 84, 0 342, 0
211.
crassum, 179, 0 268.
cribrarium. 0 181, P 487.
crispatuui, 4, 5.
cyaueum, 0 217.
decussatum,
denticulatura, 10, 0 177, 0 178.
devinctum, 0 367
dirum, 18, 49.
distortum, 10, 179, 0 268.
elegans, 48, O 285.
elongatum, 10, 41.
fossatum, 17, 48, O 209.
fusiforme, 0 218.
gemrnatum, 0 238, P 515, P 542.
gemmulatum, 0 236, 0 238,
0263, P 515, P 536.
Geversianum, 7.
gilvum, 0 236, O 263, P 508,
P536
glaciale, 70, 71, 0 218.
Grcenlandicum, 0 218.
hsemastoma, P 477, P 517.
hydrophanum, 0 218.
insigne, 179, 0 268, P 514.
interstriatutn, 77.
Janelii, O 204, 0 263, 0 269,
P5I7-
lamellosum, 5.
leicheilosos, 0 177.
lima, 4.
liratum, 4, 5, 83.
lugubre, 179, 0 268.
luteostoma,0 238, P 495, P 542.
?metu1a, 0 206.
minus, 0 179.
modestum, 0 185, 0 270.
modificatum, 49.
Bucciuum
inutabile, 0 204, 0 263, 0 268,
p's«fc
nigrocostatum, 0 188.
nodatum, 10.
Northise, 0 293,
iiucleolus, 0 225, P 535.
Ochotense, 19, 71, 0 218, 0 221.
ooides, 19, 0 218.
ovoides, 0 221.
ovum, 0 218, 0 223, 0 342.
pagodus, 179, 0 268, 0 293,
PS'S-
Panamense, 0 296.
parvulum, 0 262, 0 269, P 487.
pastinaua, 0 188.
patulum, P 474.
var. pelagica, 71.
planaxis, 10, 0 178, 0 268.
plicatum, 4, 5.
plumbum, 6.
polaris, 0 177, 0 218, 0 347.
Poulsoni, 317, 0 201, 0 342,
V227.
prismaticum, 0 225.
pristis, 179, 0 238,0 268,0 293,
P542.
pseudodon, 0 188.
pulchrum, 0 188, O 270, 0
361.
pusio, 0 293.
ringens, 179, 0 171, 0 178,
0 238, 0 269, P 518.
roseum, 0 179.
Rudolphi, 0 178.
Sabinii, 0 217.
sanguinolentum, 179, 0 236,
0269, P 517, P 536.
satururn, 4.
scabrum, O 218,
scalariforme -f- vars. 70.
serratum, 48, 0 238, 0 268,
0 293, 0 294.
sericatum, 0 218.
simplex, 19, 0 218, 0 221.
Stimpsoni, 73.
INDEX OP SPECIES.
23
Buccinum
. Stimpsonianum, 73, 179, 0 269.
striatum, 28.
strombiforme, 0 178, P 491.
subrostratum, 9, 0 176,0 293.
tectum, 10, 0 178.
tenebrosum, 0 223.
tenue, 10, 71, 0 177, 0 347.
tiarula, 0 262, P 496.
tortuosum, 70.
undatum, 19, 71, 73, 0 217,
0 221, 0 223.
undosum, 0 263, P 515, P 516.
undulatutn, 0 217.
ventricosura, 0 218.
zebra, P 176.
Bulimulus
artemisia, 158.
Californicus, 158.
elatus, 158.
excelsus, 158.
inscendens, 158.
Mexicanus, 158.
pallidior, 158.
pilula, 158.
sufflatns, 158.
undulatus, 0 288.
vegetus, 158.
vesicalis, 158.
Xantusi, 158.
Ziegleri, 158.
Bulimus
achatinellinus, 0 240, 0 315,
0359-
alternans, 0 181.
alternatus, 0 240, 0 315.
artemisia, 116.
Bovinus, 59.
Californicus, 59.
calvus, 0 183, 0 240, 0 315,
0359.
Chemnitzoides, 0 240, 0 315,
0359-
chordatus, 59.
cornens, 0 183, 315, 0 359.
Darwinii, 0 286, 0 315, 0 359.
Bulimus
discrepans, 44, 0 183, 0 315.
Dysoni, 44.
eschariferus,0 188,0240,0315,
0359-
excelsus, 27, 116, 0 227, 0 234,
U203.
fenestratus, 0 286, 0 290.
fimbriatus, O 240, 0 315.
Gallapaganus, 0 315, 0 359.
Graneri, O 286, 0 290.
Hondnratinus, 44.
Humboldti, 59, 162.
incendens, 116.
incrassatus, 0 315, 359.'
Jacobi, 0 315, 0 359, O 183,
0 1 88.
Laurentii, 162.
Liebinanni, 0 295.
longus, 59.
Manini, 0 315, 0 359.
melania, 59.
melauocheilus, 59, 0 251, P
176.
Mexican us, 6, 59, 0 170, O 314,
P 177.
Moricandi, 44, 0 286.
nucula, 0 287, O 315, 0 359.
nux, 0 181, O 240, 0 315,0359.
obscurus, O 222.
pallidior, 27, 116, 0 227, O 233,
0314,0351,0352,0203.
Panamensis, 0 181, 0 315.
Prazianus,44.
pilula, 1 1 6.
princeps, 0 188, 59, O 251,
o 314, P 176.
proteus, 116.
punctalissimus, 0 265.
rudis, 0 290.
rugiferus,0 183, 0 315.
rugulosus, 0 1 88, 0 240, 0 315,
0359-
Sclnedeanus, 0 265.
sculpturatus, 0 286, 0 315,
0359.
INDEX OP SPECIES.
Bulimus
seinipellucidus, 44.
striatus, 162.
sufflatus, 21, 27, 1 1 6.
translucens, 0 181,0315.
undatus, 7, 59, 119, 0 170
0 251, P 176.
unicolor, 0 183, 0 315.
unifasciatus, 45, 0 183, 0 240
0 288, 0 315, 0 359.
ustulatus, 0 183, 0 188, 0 315,
0359-
vegetus, 116, 0 227, 0 233.
11203.
verrucosus, 0 287, 0 359.
vesicalis, 21, 116, 0 227, 0 234,
U 203.
vexillum, 0 181, 0 315.
xanthostoma, 0 265.
Xantusi, 116.
zebra, 59, 0 251, 0 314, P 176,
P54Q.
Ziegleri, 59, 0 314, P 177.
zigzag, 0 251, P 176.
Italians
aurantius, 161.
elatus, 161.
hypnorum, 161.
Bulla
Adamsi, 24, 31, 37, 107, 194,
237, 0 282, 0 313, 0 364,
P 173, P 540.
australis, P 172.
Califomica, 35.
calyculata, 0 175.
cerealis. 0 227, 0 229, U 203.
constricta, U 203.
crassula, 160.
oulcitella, 0 227, 0 229, U 203.
decussata, 0 179, 0 261, 0 271,
P454-
exarata, 0 250, P 173, 0 313.
fontiualis, 160.
fluviatilis, 161.
var. fulminosa, 132.
fusiformis, U 203.
Bulla
gracilis, 0 237, O 250, P 171,
P54Q.
inculta, 79, 0 227, U 203.
iufrequens, 0 237, 0 250, 0 275,
PI7I.
jugularis, 77.
longinqua, 0 284, 0 313.
luticola, 194, 0 274, P 170.
major, P 172.
media, P 172.
nebulosa, 22, 26, 79, 85, 107, 132,
151, 153, 0 198, 0 233, O 234,
O 237, 0 284, 0 289, 0 813,
0 352, 0 353, P 172, P 540,
V220.
?nebulosa, 0 250, 0 296, P VI.,
Pi73.
Panamensis, 0 295, 0 313, P 172.
petrosa, 165, 0 367.
punctata, 194, 0 189, 0 274.
puncticulata, 194, 0 274.
punctulata, 31, 37, 194, 0 229,
0313.
Quoyii, 5, 24, 100, 107, 132
0 189, 0 250, 0 313, 0 359,
P 173.
rotundata, U 204.
rufolabris, 0 189, 0 313, 0 359.
striata, 5, 0 364.
ten ell a, 85.
velutina, 0 216.
vesicula, 79, 0 227, 0 284, U 204.
virescens, 48, 79, 0 284, 0 313.
zebra, P 176.
Bullia
ampullacea, 19, 70, 0 218, 0 221,
0 223, 0 342, 0 348.
Perryi, 74.
Bullina
eximia, 90.
Bursa
bitubercularis, 41.
fusco-costata, 41.
?Busycon
Blakei, 75.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
25
Byssoarca
alternata, 0 310, P 137.
Americana, 0 364.
aviculoides, 0 310.
divaricata, 0 249, P 142.'
?Doiningensis, 0 364.
fusca, 0 310, 0 249, 0 364, P 140
gradata, 0 249, 0 310, 0 364
0 366, P 141, U 203.
illota, 0 183, 0 249, 0 310,
P 141, P 142.
lactea, P 141, P 143, 0 366.
mutabilis, 24, 10" 200, 0 249,
o 310, P 139-
Pacifica, 24, 107, 153, 0 249,
0310, P 138. P 139, P 296.
pernoides, 0 227, 0 310, U 202.
pholadiformis, 200, 0278,0 310.
pusilla, 0 249, P 142.
solida, 0 249, 0 3 10, 0 364, 0 366,
P 142, P 143, U 203.
Tabogensis, 200, 0 278, 0 310,
P 141.
tetragona, 0 366, P 139.
truncata, 0 183, 0 310, 0 359.
vespertilio, 0 249,0 310, P 140.
Cadium
dentatum, 0 238.
ringens, 0 238.
Caecum : See also under sections
Anellum, Elephantulum,
and Fartulum.
abnormale, P 316, X 420.
anuulatum, X 417, X 423.
bimargiuatum, X 421, X 440.
Clarkii, X 443.
clathratum, 39, P 322, X 428.
var. compactum, 0 256, P 322.
Cooperi, 98, 141.
corrugnlatura, X 433, P 327.
crebricinctum, 98, 141.
diminutum, 186, O 4, 0 166,
0 256, 0 272, P 321, X 427.
dextroversum, P 328, X 433.
(dextroversum, var.) Antilla-
rum, X 433-
Caecum
eburneum, 186, 0 4, 0 166,
0 272, X 427.
elegantissimum, X 429, X 430.
(elegantissimum, var.) Searles-
Woodii, X 430.
elongatum, P 320, X 424.
elongatum, var. semilaeve, X 429.
farcimen, X 431.
firmatum, 186, 0 4, 0 166, 0 256,
0 272, 0 357, P 319, P 320,
P 321, P 324, P 326, X 427.
firmatum, var., 0 272, 273.
Floridanum, X 428, X 429.
glabriforme, 0 366, P 327, P
328.
glabrum, 0 366, P 313, P 314,
P 327, X 413, X 426, X 432,
X436.
gracile, X 429.!
gurgulio, X 426.
heptagonum, P 319, X 422.
imbricatum, X 422.
imperforatum, P 321, X 413,
X425.
incurvatum, X 434, X 436.^
insculptum, P 315, X 420.
Iseve, 155, 1 86, 0 272, P 314,
P 325, P 326, X 431-
laqueatum, 186, 0 272, P 315,
P 328, X 420.
liratocinctum, 155, P 315, P3i6,
P31?, P3I9, X 421.
liratum, X 421.
mamillatum, X 427, X 434,
X436.
mamillatum, var. subulatum, X
434-
mammillum, X 434.
monstrosum, 0 4, 0 166, 0 256,
0272, P 313, P 321, X 427.
nitidum, X 439.
obtusum, P 317, X 421.
parvum, 186, 0 256, 0 273,
P323-
plicatum, X 421.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Caecum
pollicare, X 429, X 432.
pulcliellum, P 312, P 313, X 415,
X424-
pygmoeum, 186, 040 166,
0 256, 0 273, P 321, X 427
quadratum, X 428.
regulare, X 417, X 423, X 428.
reversum, P 329, X 434.
Searles-Woodii, X 430.
tvar. semilseve, 39,0 256, P 319.
var. subconicum, 0 256.
subimpressum, 108, P 320,
P 322, X 424-
subspirale, P 315, P 316, X 419.
subquadratum, 39, X 433.
var. tenuiliratum, 0 256.
teres, P 329, X 434, X 440.
trachea, P 313, X 413, X 414,
X 415, X 416, X 417, X 418,
P 424, X 425, X 426, X 427,
X4-9.
(?trachea, var.) obsoletum,
X426.
tumiduin, X 426.
undatum, 36, 186, 0 4, 0 272,
0357, P 3H, P 321, P 323,
P 325, P 326, x 429, x 430,
X43L
vitreuua, X 429, X 432.
(?vitreum, var.) Clarkii, X 433.
Calcar
erythrophthalmus, 0 296, P 227.
olivaceus, 0 238, P 541.
Melchersi, 0 238, P 227, P 541.
stellaris, 0 238, P 541.
Calliostoma
(?lima, var.) aequisculpta, 154,
272.
annulatum, 13, 27, 138.
Antonii, 36, 191.
canaliculatum, 6, 13, 23, 27,
"3, J38.
castaneum, 3.
costatum, 13, 19, 23, 25,27, 138.
dolarium, 13, 138.
Calliostoma
exiinium, 40, io8, 272.
filosum, 3, 13, 138.
gernmulatum, 98, 139.
imbricatum, 196.
Leanum, 24, 32, 40, 154, 191.
ligatum, 3.
lima, 24, 53, 154, 272.
M'Andreae, 32, 36, 40.
modestum, 3.
splendens, 98, 139.
supragranosum, 98, 139.
variegatum, 89, 138.
versicolor, 152, 272.
virgineum, 138.
Callista
affinis, 30.
alternata, 30, 106.
anrantia, 23, 106, 201.
callosa, 39, 57.
chionsea, 23, 27, 57, 106, 151, 201.
circinata, 23, 30, 154.
concinna, 27, 30, 201.
consangninea, 201.
Dione, 57.
lapinaria, 6, 23, 57.
pannosa, 91, 170.
(?pannosa> var.) puella, 23, 58,
104, 170, 211.
petechialis, 30.
pollicaris, 58, 104, 210. ;
prora, var. 104.
rosea, 23, 57, 58.
semilamellosa, 153, 154.
spinosissima, 154.
tortuosa, 23, 30.
vnlnerata, 151.
Callochiton
Elenensis, 198.
iuterstinctus, 0317, 0 348.
pulclielius, 198, 267, 0 317.
Callopoma
fluctuatum, 153, 0 253, 0 348,
P 223, Q 234.
(?fluctuatum, var.) depressum,
41, 0 253, 0 288, P 223, Q 234.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
27
Callopoma
fluctuosuxn, 27, 192, 0 224,
0 253, 0 320, P 223, P 224.
Fokkesii, 31, 108, 151, 0 320.
phasianella, 0 320 [vide 550].
saxosutn, 24, 192, 0 282, 0 288,
0 320.
tessellatum, 31, 151, 192.
Calypeopsis
auriculata, 0 3, P 290.
Byronensis, 0 3.
hispida, 0 3, 0 275, P 290.
imbricata, P 287.
lignaria, 0 3, 0 184, P 290.
raaculata, 0 3, P 290.
quinquina, 0 3, 0 190, P 291.
rugosa, 0 3, 0 190, P 287, P 291.
serrata, 0 184.
tenuis, 0 3, 0 184, P 290.
tubifera, 61.
Calyptraea
aberrans, 37, 195.
Adolphei, 0 172.
alveolata, 51.
ainygdalus, 0 204, 0 254, P 278.
Araucana, P 265.
arenata, 0 184.
aspersa, 37, 195-
auricularis, P 287, P 289.
auriculata, 0 190, P 287, P 290,
P 292.
Byronensis, 0 255, P 291.
cepacea, 37, 195, 0 235, 0 239,
0 255, 0 275, 0 323, P 295,
P546.
cinerea, 48.
conica, 37, 195, 0 239, 0 275,
P 265, P 266, P 545^
coruea, P 295.
corrugata, 52, 0 184, 0 323.
dentata, 195, 0 236, 0 255,
0 275, P 287, P 538.
dilatata, P 265.
dor.sata, P 273.
echinus, 0 2, P 268.
equestris, P 295.
Calyptraea
excavata, 0 184, P 274.
?extiuctorum, 47, 0 3, 0 174,
0 236, P 267, P 287.
fastigiata, 0 209.
foliacea, P 272.
gemmacea, 0 204, P 288.
hispida, 79, 195, 0 255, 0 275,
0 283, 0 284, P 290, P 291.
hystrix, 0 2, P 268.
iinbrieata, 47, 48, 195, 0 184,
0 190, 0 236, 0 275, P 287,
P 288, P 291, P 292, P 538
P 551, T 169.
?imbricata, var. Broderipii,
P 292.
??imbricata, var. Cumingii,
P 287, P 292.
incurva, P 276.
intermedia, P 292.
laevigata, P 267.
Lamarckii, 0 236, O 239, 0 254,
P 266, P 538, P 545.
Lessonii, 0 2, P 280.
lichen, 0 254, P 265.
lignaria, 0 184, 0 190, 0 255,
P 290, P 291, P 292.
lorica, P 292.
inaculata, 195, 0 255, 0 275,
P 290, P 291, T 167.
mamillaris, 0 190, 0 230, P 266,
P 267, P 292.
marginalis, 0 184.
perforans, 0 204, O 255, P 281.
peziza, 0 255.
pileiformis, 0 212.
pileolus, P 292.
planulata, 37, 195, 0 275,
0 318-
quiriquina, 0 190, 0 255, P 291,
P 292.
radians, P 264, P 265.
radiata, 195, P 275, P 291.
regularis, 195, 0 230, 0 233,
0 254, 0 276, P 266.
rudis, 0 184, P 292, P 295.
28
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Calyptraea
rugosa, 48, 0 3, 0 190, 0 204
0 236, 0 255, 0 275, P 287
P 290, P 291, P 292.
serrata, 0 184.
sordida, P 267.
spinosa, 47, 48, 0 174, 0 239,
O 352, P 290, P 291, P 292,
P546.
squarna, O 2, O 184, P 280.
striata, U 205.
strigata, P 272.
tenuis, 0 184, 6 255, P 290,
P 291, P 292.
tortilis, 51.
trigonalis, 0 224.
trochiformis, 0 190, P 265.
tubifera, 0 3, 0 204, 0 255,
P 290, P 292.
umbrella, 195, 0 276, P 290,
P 292.
unguis, 37, 196, 0 276, P 267.
varia, 0 184, 0 323, 0 360,
P295.
Campylaea
sportella, 157.
Cancellaria
acuminata, 0 181, 0 329.
affinis, 35, 183, O 271.
albida, 0 206, 0 329.
arctica, 0 223.
bicolor, P 381.
bifasciata, 0 265, 0 329.
brevis, 0 230, 0 294, 0 329,
P 380, P 381.
buccinoides, O 181, 0 217, 0
329.
bnlbulus. 24, 0 181, 0 329.
bullata, 0 181.
Candida, 27, 0 235, 0 329.
cassidiformis, 27, 0 181, O 235,
0 238, 0 329, 0 352, P 543.
chrysostoma, 0 181, 0 294,
O 329, 0 360.
clavatula, 24, 0 181,0230,0271,
0329.
Cancellaria
corrugata, 0 206.
costata, P 380.
costellifera, 0217.
Couthouyi, 0 217.
crenata, 0 206, 0 329.
decussata, 24, 0 181, 0 271,
0329-
elata, 0 206, 0 329.
funicnlata, 51, 0 206, 0 329.
gemmnlata, 0 181, 0 329.
goniostoma, 24, 27, 36, 152, 183,
0 181, 0 233, 0 235, O 238,
0 258, 0 271, 0 294, 0 329,
P 380, P 381, P 435, P 543-
haemastoma, 0 i8i,0 329,0360.
indeutata, 0 181, 0 206, 0 329.
lyrata, 51.
mitriformis, 24, 0 271, 0 329.
modesta, 114, 146, 245.
obesa, 27, 0 181, 0 235, 0 352,
0 329, P 380.
oblonga, 0 265.
ovata, P 380, P 543.
pulchra, 0 271.
pygmsea, 36, 183, 0 271, 0 329.
reticulata, 61, 0 192.
rigida, P 381.
solida, 27, 0 181, 0 235, 0 271,
0 329, 0 352.
teesellata, 24, 0 271, 0 329.
uniplicata, 0 182, 0 271, 0 329.
urceolata, 35, 152, 183, 206, 0
192, 0 238, 0 258, 0 329, P
380.
ventricosa, 0 206, 0 329.
viridula, 0 217.
Cantharus
gemmatus, P 516.
ringens, 518.
sanguinolentus, P 517.
Capsa
altior, 202, 0 182, 0 279.
Braziliensis, 0 364.
deflorata, 63.
laevigata, 0 364, P 42.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Capulus
militaris, P 300.
mitrula, P 297, R 3.
subrufus, R 4.
Cardita
affinis, 201, 0 182, 0 229,0 232,
O 234, 0 236, 0 247, 0 278,
0 282, 0 297, 0 306, P 84,
P 85, P 539-
arcella, 14.
borealis, 9, 70, 0 210, 0 219,
O 221, 0 223.
Californica, 0 232, 0 234, 0 236,
0 287, 0 352, P 84.
corbis, 128.
crassa, 0 178,0 306.
Cuvieri, 10, 0 181, 0 208, 0
306.
laticostata, 201, 0 182, 0 278,
03o6.
incrassata, 0 287, 0 306, 0 359.
Miehelini, 10, 14.
modulosa, 14, 0 278.
monilicosta, 118.
nodulosa, 0 278.
occidental is, 17, 80.
planicosta, 75.
radiata, 201, 0 182, 0 278, O
306.
spurca, 0 221.
subtenta, 17, 165, 0 367.
turgida, 14.
varia, 0 181, 0 306, 0 359.
variegata, 128, 280.
ventricosa, 17, 80, 91, 0 209,
0 210, 0 213, 0 306.
volucris, 0 229.
Cardium
aculeatum, 154, 0 285.
alabastrura, 0 247, 0 307, P 94,
P53i-
arenatum, P 93.
asperum, 0 364.
Belcheri, 0 175, 0 297, 0 307.
biangulatum, 27, 0 175, 0 187,
0 229, 0 307.
Cardium ,
blaiidum, 14, 17, 49, 70, 91, 128,
0 210, 0 212, 0 213, 0 307,
0348.
boreal e, 0 175.
bullatum, 0 364.
Californianum, 13, 14, 17, 49,
119, 0 197, 0 203, 0 212,
0 213, 0 219, V 217.
Californiense, 14, 17, 70, 91, 128,
0 197, 0 203, 0 219, 0 221,
0 223, 0 232, O 234, 0 28$
o 307, o 347.
carneosum, P 40.
centifilosum, 97, 128.
consors, 23, 27, 106, 153, 0 187,
0 234, 0 282, 0 307, 0 364.
corbis, 5, 13, 17, 91, 128.
costatum, 45, P 95.
cruentatum, 21, 78, 0 227,
0 284, 0 307, 0352, U20I.
Cumingii, 0 183, 0 307.
Dionseum, 0 175.
discors, 60.
elatum, 153,0 232,0247, 0307,
O 35i, 0 352,0 364, P 91,
V2i8.
Elenense, P 91, U 201.
Gabbii, 119.
gemmatum, 0 229. .
graniferum, 25, 30, 154, 201,
322,0175,0187,0229,0248,
0 278, 0 307, P 85, P 95.
Grcsnlandicum, 47, 70.
Icelandicum, 0 210.
Indicum, 45. 0 288.
Laperousii, 14, 0 203, 0 307.
laticostatum, O 247, P 92.
linteura, 75.
lucinoides, 0 248, P 96.
luteolabrum, 13, 21, 128, 0 197,
0 227, 0 307, 0 351, U 201.
roacnlatum, 45, 0 282, 0 285.
maculosum; 45, 0 229, 0 285,
0 307.
magnificum, 0 187.
30
INDEX OP SPECIES.
Cardium
modestum, 75, 97, 128.
Mortoni, U 201, V 218.
muricatum, 0 175, 0 236, 0 247,
0 364, P 93, P 539-
Nicolleti, 75.
Nuttallianum, 0 192.
Nuttallii, 4, 13, 14, 26, 71, 86,
0 197, 0 203, 0 213, O 219,
0 223, 0 232, 0 241, 0 284,
0307, 0347, 0351, V 217.
obovale, 23, 201, 0 229, 0 278,
0307.
Panamense, 0 178, 0 183, 0232,
0 234, 0 307, P 92
planicostatum, 38, 201, 0 183,
0 278, 0 307.
procerum, 14, 23, 106, 152 153,
201, 0 178, 0 183, 0 236,
O 247, 0 278, O 307, P 91,
P 92, P 539-
pseudofossile, 14, 17, 49,70, 128,
0 247, P 94.
punctulatum, 0 247, P 93.
quadragenarium, 13,21,86, 128,
0 197, 0307, V2I7.
radula, 0 175, 0 236.
rash-urn, 0 247, O 278, P 93.
rotundatum, 0 247, 0 307, P 531.
senticosum, 23, 106, 201, 0 247,
0 278, 0 307, P 93.
serraturn, 0 364.
subelongatum, 14.
substriatum, 78, 0 197, 0 232,
O 307, 0 351, U 201, V 218.
triangulatum, 0 247, P 94.
xanthocheilum, 128, O 197, O
227, 0 232, U 201.
Carinea
emarginata, 24, 176.
gibbosa, 176.
Carinifex
Newbenyi, 161.
Carocolla
Ilaydiana, 0 265.
labyriuthus, 0 165.
Carocolla
quadridentata, 0 180.
uncigera, 0 290.
Cassidaria
setosa, 0 261 0 367, P 455.
Cassidulus
patulus, P 501.
Cassis
abbreviata, 35, 181, 0 238, 0 270,
0 292, 0 297, 0 337, 0 364,
P 543-
centiquadrata, 0 171, 0 292.
coarctata, 181, 0 171, 0 174,
0 188, 0 234, 0 235, 0 238,
0 243, 0 270, 0 282, 0 294,
0 337, 0 350, 0 352, 0 360
0 364, P 543-
corrugata, 7.
doliata, 0 171, 0 292.
granosa, 0 238.
inflata, 181, 0 238, 0 364, P 543.
lactea, 0 270, 0 292.
Massenae, 10, 0 188.
ringens, 7, O 174, 0 238.
tennis, 0 188, 0337, 0 360.
testiculus, 0 171, 0 364.
Castra
Turcica, 48.
Cavolina
crassicornis, 0 173.
subrosacea, 0 173.
telemus, 98, 107, 132.
Cellepora
areolata, 34, 256.
cyclostotna, 0 244, 0 298, P 5.
papillaeforinis, 0 244, 0 298, P 5.
Cerithium
adustum, 0 189, 0 256, 0 272,
O 293, 0 325, 0 366, P 333,
P334-
alboliratum, 24, 0 256, 0 325,
P336.
assimillatum, 0 272, 0 289,
P445-
bimarginatum, 185, O 272.
Californianum, 0 212.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
31
Cerithium
corallium, 0 170.
•fainelicum, 36, 185, 0 256,
0 272, 0 282, P 334, P 335.
filosum, 17, 185, 0 209, 0 212,
0295.
fragraria, 7, 0 170.
Gallapaginis, 32, 63, 185, 0 189,
0 256, 0 272, 0 325, P 338.
gemmatum, 0 272, P 339.
granosum, 7, 0 170.
Guiiiaicum, P 333.
Hegewischii, 0 295, P 345.
interruptum, 24, 32, 36, 45, 63,
108, 155, 185, 0 189, 0 226,
0 238, 0 256, 0 272, 0 325,
0 360, P 337, P 338, P 542.
iostoina, P 345.
irroratum, 17, 32, 36, 45, 185,
0 189, 0 209, 0 256, 0 272,
0 283, 0 325, P 337.
Largillierti, P 343.
lima, 0 170, 0 222.
literatum, 0 170.
maculosum, 7, 24, 27, 108, 185,
0 189, 0 230, 0 238, 0 256,
0 272, 0 282, 0 293, 0 325,
0 360, 0 366, P 333, P 339,
P 340, P 542.
mediale, 0 367.
var. mediolaeve, 24, 35, 108, 185,
° 256, P 334.
Menkei, P 338.
Montagnei, 0 190, 0 239, P 342,
P 343, R 345, P542.
musicum, 7, 0 170, 0 171,
0 256, 0 325, P 335.
nebulosuin, 0 189,0 256, 0325,
P333-
neglecturn, 185, 0 272.
obesum, 17, 32, 185.
ocellatum, 45, 0 189, 0 236,
0 238, 0 256, 0 296, 0 325,
O 366, P 337, P 536, P 542.
Pacificum, 48, 185, 0 170, 0 272,
0325.
Cerithium
pauperculum, 186, 0 272.
Peruvianuin, P 442.
pulchruin, 186, 0 256, 0 272,
P343-
Reevianum, 186, 0 256, 0 272,
P343-
reticulatum, 6.
sacratum, 0 209, TJ 206, V 226.
stercusmuscarum, 17, 27, 32,
36, 108, 152, 0 170, 0 209,
0 233, 0 236, 0 238, 0 256,
0 272, 0 282, 0 325, 0 360,
0 366, P 337, P 339-
terebelluin, 0 289.
trilineatum, 0 289.
umbonatum, 0 256, P 335.
uncinatuin, 24, 63, 108, 151,
185, 0 256, 0 272, 0 285,
0 325, 0 364, P 334, P 335-
validum, 186, 0 163, 0 257,
0 272, P 344.
varicosum, 7, 48, 0 170, 0 189,
0 190, P 343, P 344-
vulgatum, 0 170-
Cerithidea
alboiiodosa, 153, 186, 0 228,
0283,0325,0351,0205.
Californica, 141.
fuscata, 79, 0 228, 0 233, P
345-
Lavalleana, 0 364.
Mazatlanica, 108, 141, 186,
0 233. '
Montagnei, 24, 27, 151, 186,
0 230, 0 256, 0 272, 0 325,
P 342, P 343-
pulchra, 0 325.
pullata, 141, 151, 0 325/0 351.
Reeviana, 0 325.
sacrata, 23, 79, 141, 0 200, 0 228,
0 230, 0 233,0 325, 0 351,
P 345, U 206, V 226.
(?sacrata, uar.), fuscata, U 206.
solida, 0 230.
valida, 0 230, 0 325.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Cerithidea
varicosa, 7, 24, 186, 208, 0 170
0 190, 0 230, 0 233, 0 272
0 295, O 325, 0 364.
?varicosa, var. Mazatlanica
0 257, P 344, U 206.
Cerithiopsis
assiinilata, 99, no, 146, 155
274, 0 260, 0 335, 0 364
P445-
bimargiuata, 274, 0 335.
cerea, 0 260, 0 335, P 443:
P445-
columua, 99, 114, 146, 245.
convexa, 0 260, 0 335, P 44.
decussata, O 260, 0 335, P 445.
fflosa, 0 335, 0 348.
fortior, 23, 146, 287.
intercalaris, 274.
munita, 1 14, 146, 245.
neglecta, 185, 0 336.
paupercula, 0 336.
pupiformis, 0 260, 0 335, P 443.
purpurea, 23, 146, 287.
sorex, 0 260, P 335, P 444.
terebella, 0 364, P 445.
trilineata, P 445.
tubercularis, 169, 186, 0 366.
Ttuberculata, 23, 114, 146, P
442.
tuberculoides, 32, 36, 1 10, 0 260,
0 335, 0 366, P 442, P 443-
?tuberculoides, var. albonodosa,
O 260, P 443.
Cereus
conglomerates, 4.
Cerostoma
var. Burnettii; 72.
foliatum, 13, 48, 72, 149, 169,
0345-
monoceros, 13, 149, 151, 152.
monodon, 83, 149, 0 345.
Nuttallii, 13, 27, 149, 0 201,
0 345, 0 349, V 229.
Chama
Broderipii, P 89.
Chama
Buddiana, 26, 30, 38, 106, 200,
247, 0 277, 0 307, P 89.
chionsea, 178.
corrugata, 27, 38, 154, 0 184,
0 277, 0 307.
crassicostata, 10.
Delessertii, P 549.
echiuata, 9, 30, 38, 106, 200,
0 178, 0 184, 0 234, 0 247,
0 277, 0 307, P 87, P 549.
exogyra, u, 71, 106, 127,0 232,
0 247, 0 307, 0 349, 0 351,
0 352, 0 353, P 90, V 217.
frondosa, 9, 23, 106, 152, 0 178,
O 197, 0 -232, 0 282, 0 306,
P 87, P 549-
(?frondosa, var.) fornicata, 38,
200, 0 247, 0 277, P 89.
frondosa, var. Mexicana, 200,
0 178, 0 197, O 247, 0 307,
0 352, 0 353, 0 364, P 87,
P 89, P 548, V 217.
imbricata, 63, 0 184, 0 307.
Janus, 0 1 86, 0 307, 0 359.
lobata, 11, 71.
Mexicana, 30, 38, 0 232.
Panameusis, 0 186, 0 307, P
90.
pellucida, 22, 127, 170, 0 197,
0 232, 0307,0351, V 217.
producta, 27, 0 184, 0 307.
rugosa, 0 234.
spinosa, 23, 27, 97, 106, 128,
0 208, 0 247, 0 307, 0 359,
P 89, P 90.
squalida, 0 178.
venosa, 0 232.
Chelyconus
puncticulatus, P 404.
purpurascens, P 402.
regal itatis, P 403.
Chelysoma
MacLeayanum, 0 176
Chemnitzia
Adamsii, 36, no.
INDEX OP SPECIES.
33
Chemnitzia
aculeus, 187, iSS, 0 260, 0 273,
' O 335, P 427, P 428.
acuminata, 36, 1^7, 0 273.
affiuis, 33, 36, l87,O 260,0 273,
0 335, P 429-
fvar. aurautia, 23, 89, 145,
315.
bicarinata, T 171.
bittiformis, T 171.
caelata, 24, 294.
cancellata, 0 260.
C.-B.- Adamsii, 0 260, 0 335,
P427.
chocolata, 99, 145, 316.
clatliratula, 36, 187, 0 273, P
424.
comnmnis, 36, 187, 190, 0 273,
P4i9, T 170.
crebrifilata, 23, 285.
Curaingii, T 170.
flavescens, no, 0 260, 0 334,
P 432.
gibbosa, 0 260, 0 334, P 430.
gracillima, 36, 188, 0 260, 0334,
P43I-
gracilior, 187, 0 273, O 335,
P 431, P 432.
intermedia, 0 260.
major, 36, 187, 0 273, 0 335.
marginata, 187, 0 273.
nmricata, 0 260, 0 334, P 428.
Panamensis, 33, 36, no, 187.
188, 0 260, 0 273, 0 335,
P427-
paucilirata, 0 260.
polyzonata, T 170.
prolongata, no, 0 260, 0 334,
P429-
reticulata, P 433.
rubrofusca, T 171.
scalaris, P 414.
similis, 33, 36, i88,0 260,0273,
0 335, P 428.
striosa, 188, 0 273, 0 335.
fvar. stylina, 23, 145.
3
Chemnitzia
subangulata, 0 260.
tenuicula, 23, 145, 0 228, 0 230,
O 334, 0 349, U 207.
(?tenuicula, var.) subcuspidata,
99, 145-
tenuilirata, 154, 0 260, 0 334,
P.433-
terebralis, 0 260, 0 334, P 432.
torquata, 23, 89, 90, 145, 286,
0 228, 0 230, O 334, 0 349,
U 207.
(?torquata, var.) stylina, 286.
tridentata, 23, 89, 145, 315, 316.
turrita, 36, 188, 190, O 273,
0335, P 429, T 171.
undata, 33, 36, 187, 0 26of
0334, P431, P432-
unifasciata, 0 260, 0 335, P 433.
Vancouverensis, 90, 145.
virgo, 23, 145, 286, 294.
Chione
amatlmsia, 23, 27, 152, 154, 201,
0 236,0 247, P 71, P 72,P8o.
astartoides, 39.
badia, 58.
var. bilineata, 106.
Californiensis, 7, 127, 152, O
197, V 216.
callosa, 13, 39, 127, 152, 0 197,
0 281, V 216.
cancellata, 13, 127.
Columbiensis, 0 247, P 75.
crenifera, 201, 0 247, P 74.
discors, P 77.
distans, 0 247, P 74.
excavata, 13, 127,0 197, V 216.
fluctifraga, 22, 39, 127, 152,
'S3-
gnidia, 27, 151, 152, 0 247, P 71,
P72, V2I5.
gnidia, var. P 72.
grata, P 77.
histrionica, 0 247, P 77.
var. lilacina, 106.
Lordi, 91.
34
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Chione
lupanaria, P 67.
neglecta, 23, 106, 151, 0 192,
O 203.
Nuttalli, 127, 0 197, V 216.
var.O 281.
pulicaria, var. 27, 106, 153.
ruderata, O 192.
simillima, 13, 22, 127, 151, 0
197, V 216.
squalida, P 64.
straminea, V 215.
succincta, 13, 22, 25, 26, 27, 40,
127, 151, 152, 154, 322.
sugillata, 23, 38.
undatella, 106, P 75.
Chiorasra
leoniua, 95, 0 210, 0 213, 0 313.
Cbironia
Laperousii, 0 202, O 203.
Chiton
achates, 72. .
acutus, 13, 0 198, 0 318, Q 232,
V 221.
albolineatus, 0 175, 0 290, P 191.
albus, 71, 72.
amiculatus, 19, 0 214, 0 223.
armatus, 0 198.
articulatus, 0 178, 0 233,0 290,
P 190, Q 232.
Blainvillei, 72, 0 233.
Brandtii, 19, 0 215, 0 219, 0
223.
Californicus, 13, 0 198, 0 229,
0318.
chlarays, 0 214.
clatkratns, 267, 0 276, 0 318.
Collei. 0 229.
Columbiensis, 0 181, 0 318.
concinnus, 72.
consimilis, 13, O 198, 0 297,
03i8.
crenulatus,0 187.
Cumingii, 0 180.
dentiens, 16, 92, 0 209, 0 318,
0348.
Chiton
dispar, 37, 198, 261, 266, 0 181,
0 276.
Elenensis, 0 i So, 0 318.
Eschscholtzii, 19, 0 214, 0 223.
fastigiatus, 0 288.
flavesceus, 0 252, 0 317, P 198.
giganteus, 18, 0 215.
Goodallii, 0 180.
Hartwegii, 40, 0 287, 0 318,
0 349, Q 231, Q 232.
Hindsii, 92, 0 229.
hirundiforinis, 0 181, 0 187,
0 318, 0 360.
incarnatus, 35.
insignis, 0 208, 0 214.
interstinctus, 16, 0 210.
laevigatus, 92, O 285, P 191.
lignarius, 0 209.
lignosus, 1 6, 19, 84,0209,0318,
0348.
limaciformis, 0 180, 0 252, P
194.
lineatus, 9, 0 208, O 214, 0 223,
0 229, 0 318.
lividus, 19, 0 215, 0 223.
Looehooanus, 0 175.
luridus, 198, 276, 0 318.
Magdalensis, 0 206, 0 233._
marginatus, 92.
Merckii,' 19, 40, 0 215, 0 223.
Mertensii, 19, 0 215, 0 224.
Monterey ensis, 16, 40, 0 287,
0318, 0349, Q 231.
muricatus, 18, 0 215.
muscosus, 16, 72, 84, 0 198,
0 209, 0 229, 0 317, 0 348,
V 221.
Nuttallii, 13, 0 198, 0 318,
0349, $231, V22i.
ornatus, 16, 0 198,0 229,0 318,
0 349, Q 232, V 221.
Pallasii, 19, 0 214, 0 219,0223.
patulus, 38.
proprius, 0 290.
pulchellus, 38, 198, 0 277.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
35
Chiton
regularis, 40, 0 287, 0 318, Q
232.
retusus, 0 180.
sanguineus, 63, O 364, P 194.
scaber, O 229, 0 290, 0317.
scabriculus, O 180, 0 318.
scrobiculatus, 19, 0 215, 0 224.
setiger, 0 214.
setosus, 18, 0 178, 0 180, O 214,
0 215, 0 318.
Simpsonii, 0 208.
Sitchensis, 19, 0 192, 0 214,
O 223, 0 229, 0 290.
Stelleri, 19, 0 194,0 214, 0 223,
0 229.
Stimpsonii, 72.
Stokesii, 38, 153, 198,266,0 180,
0229,0 277.
submarmoreus. 84, 214, 0 219,
0 223.
sulcatus, 9, 0 187.
textilis, 35.
tunicatus, 9, 84, 0 178, 0 192,
0 214, 0 223, 0 288.
vespertiuus, 16, 0 210.
vestitus, 0 175, 0 223, 0 296.
Wosnessenskii, 19, 92, 0 214,
03i8.
Chlorostoma
aureotinctum, 28, 138, 152.
brunneura, 27, 138.
funebrale, 19, 23, 27, 40, 49, 79,
113, 138, 170,0287,0297.
gallina, 138, 152.
maculosum, 21, 0 227.
marginatum, 79.
moestura, 49, 170.
nigerrimum, 28, 138.
Pfeifferi, 23, 27, 138.
var. pyri forme, 138.
rugosum, P 233.
var. 0 283.
var. subapertum, 113, 138.
Chondropoma
rubicundnm, 45.
Choristodon
typicum, 29, 0 244, 0 364, P
447, P 529.
Chorus
Belclieri, 60, 149, 151.
Cheetopleura
muscosa, 16.
dentiens, 16.
Chrysallida
acuminata, 0 273, 0 334.
angusta, 104, 219.
cancellata, 0 364.
cincta, 99, 145.
clathratula, 36, 187, O 259, 0
273, 0 334, P 424.
clausiliformis, 0 260, O 334, P
367, P 369, P 370, P 426.
communis, 36, no, 187, 0 273,
O 334, 0 357, 0 364, P 408,
P 419, P 421, P 423.
convexa, 0 260, 0 334, P 422.
crebristriata, T 170.
effusa, 36, 39, 187, 0 259,0 334,
P 422.
fasciata, 39, 0 259, 0 334, P 417,
P423-
indentata, 0 260, 0 334, P 425.
marginata, 0 273, 0 334, P 423.
nodosa, 0 259, 0 334, P 369,
P4I7-
oblonga, O 259, 0 334, P 418.
ovata, 0 259, 0 334, P 417, P
418.
paupercula, 36.
Photis, 0 260, 0 334, P 425.
pumila, 99, 145.
Reigeni, 0 259, 0 334, P 422.
rotundata, 0 259, 0 334, P 418,
P4I9-
teleseopium, 36, 39, 187, O 259,
0 334, P 418, P 421, P 422.
Chrysodomus
antiquus, 69, 70, 83, 166, 183,
0343-
Baeri, 0 343.
Behringii, 0 343.
36
INDEX OP SPECIES.
Chrysodomus
rar. Behringianus, 83.
carinatus, 25, 322.
cassidariseformis, 70.
deceracostatus, 83, 149.
deforinis, 70, 0 343.
dirus, 19, 25, 77, 83, 150, 322.
despectus, var. 25.
fornicatus, 0 347.
incisus, 83, 150.
Islandicus, 71, 0 343.
liratus, 4, 20, 149, 169.
luridus, 0 343.
Middendorffi, 20, 83, 149.
rectirostris, 89, 150.
Schantaricus, 71.
Sitchensis, 49, 83, 150, 0 343.
tabulatus, 25, 83, 89, 90, 102,
114, 149, 322.
Cingnla
inconspicua, 33, 36, 190.
? 0 274.
Isevis, 0 220.
minuta, 20, 0 220.
paupercula, 33, 36, 190, 259,
0 274, 0 327.
saxicola, 0 274, 0 327.
striata, 0 220.
terebellum, 33, 36, 190, 0 274.
tervaricosa, 0 257, P 366.
?turrita, 33, 36, 190, 0 274,
Circe
margarita, 0 247, 0 306, P 81,
P82.
minima, 30, P 82.
nummulina, 58.
subtrigona, O 247, O 306, P 82.
Circostrema
diadema, O 336, 0 360, P 448.
funiculata, 192, 0 260, O 284,
0 336, 0 360, P 447.
Cirrus
nodosus, P 354.
Cistula
trochlearis, 45.
Cithara
coucinna, 183.
fusconotata, 104, 218.
sinuata, 0 284, 0 332, S 162.
stroinboides, 24, 59, 109, 0
332.
?triticea, 24, 109.
Clathrus
hexagon us, P 446.
Clathurella
aurea, 0 259, 0 331, P 400.
bella, 0 332.
bicanalifera, 183, 0 332, P
400.
Candida, 0 332.
cornuta, 0 332.
corrugata, O 332.
ericea, 0 332.
exigua, O 332.
intercalaris, 0 284, 0 332.
gemraulosa, 0 332.
merita. 0 332.
xnicans, 0 332.
neglecta, 0 332.
occata, 0 332.
quisqualis, 0 332.
rava, 0 259, P 399, P 400.
rigida, 184. 0 332.
sculpta. O 332.
serrata, 0 284, 0 332.
variculosa, 0 332.
Clavella
distorta, 25, 179,0344.
Clavatula
aspera, 0 205.
bella, 0 205.
cselata, 0 205.
Californica, 75.
Candida, 0 205.
ericea, 0 205.
Griffithii, 61.
impressa, 0 205.
luctuosa, O 205, P 397.
merita, O 205.
inicans, O 205.
militaris, 0 205.
INDEX OP SPECIES.
37
Clavatula
neglecta, 0 205.
bccata, 0 205.
pardalis, 0 205.
plumbea, 0 205.
pudicea, O 205.
proruta, 75.
quisqualis, 0 205.
i rava, 0 205, P 399.
rigida, 0 205.
sculpta, 0 205.
dementia
gracillima, 0 246, 0 305, P 54.
subdiaphana, 88, 93, 126.
Clidiophora
acutedentata, 227.
arcuata, 228.
claviculata, 225, 226, 228, 229.
cristata, 226.
depressa, 227.
discors, 228.
nasuta, 167, 226.
punctata, 99, 113, 124, 167,227.
tabacea, 226.
trilineata, 12, 124, 167,226,227.
Closia. See VoluteUa.
Cochlea
neritoides, 160.
Cochlodesma
Leana, Q 229.
Cochlogena
melania, 59.
vittata, 59
Cochlostyla
princeps, P 177.
undata, P 176.
Codakia
exasperata, 30.
punctata, 30, 106.
tigerrina, 23, 27, 106, 0 248, P 96.
Ccelodon
Cumingii, 229.
delicatulus, 229.
elongatus, 229.
flexuosus, 228, 230.
unguiculus, 230.
Collonia
marginata, 49.
phasianella, 192.
Columbella
acicula, 53.
albuginosa, 221.
angularis, 0 181.
atramentaria, 180, 0 186, 0 269.
baccata, in.
bicanalifera, 180, 0 181, 0 231.
bieolor, 59, 0 270.
Boivinii, 52, 180, 0 265, 0 269,
0341.
Bridgesii, 52.
Californiana, O 286, 0 341.
Californica, 53, O 351.
oariuata, 23, 148, 151, 0 206,
0231,0341,0349, 0351.
castanea, 0 181, O 192, 0 341.
cervinetta, O 262. 0 341, P 493.
var. obsoleta, 0 262, P
493-
citharula, 0 238, 0 269.
coniformis, 0 235.
conspicua, 180, O 269.
coronata, 0 181, P 507, P 508.
costata, 59, O 171,0 263, P
508.
costellata, 35, 180, 0 176,0 181,
0 269, P 506.
costulata, 0 263, 0 284.
cribraria, 53,0 171,0 189, 0
231, P 487.
diminnta, 34, 180, 0 269.
dormitor, 284.
dorsata, 180, 0 269.
electroides, 53.
elegans, O 181.
encaustica, 53.
festiva, 25, in, 180, O 231,
O 288, 0 341.
fluctuata, 180, 181, O 181, O
269.
fulguran«, P 505.
fulva, 1 80, 0 1 8 1, 0 238, 0 269,
P 509, P 543-
38
INDEX OP SPECIES.
Cohimbella
fuscata, 25, in, 151,180,0 171,
0 181,0210, 0 235, 0238, 0
262, 0 269, 0 283, 0 294, 0
341, P 489, P 492, P 543-
fuscata, var. 28.
fusiforinis, O 206.
gausapata, 17, 84, 148, 0 210,
O 341, 0 348.
gibberula, 1 80, 0 231, O 269.
gibbosa, 0 171,0 234, 0 262,
0269, P 489, P 491.
Gouldiana, 21.
Gouldii, 53, 0 231.
gracilirf, 180, 0 269.
guttata, 53, 180, 0 181, 0 231,
0 262, 0 269, P 487.
haemastoma, in, 0 181, 0 192,
O 231, 0 269, 0 294, 0 341,
0361.
Haueti, 62.
liarpiformis, 61, 181, O 181, O
230, 0 231, 0 236, O 238,
O 269, 0 341, P 537, P 543.
Hindsii, 23, 114, 148.
humerosa, 155, 274.
labiosa, 25, 48, 0 269, O 283,
034i.
lactea, 53.
lanceolata, 0 181, 0 190.
lentiginosa, 0 206.
ligata, 0 341.
Hvida, 0 181, 0 341.
lyrata, 180, 0 181, O 269.
maculosa, 0 181, 0231, P 513.
major, 25, 52, in, 180, 0 171,
0 181, 0 210, 0 231, 0 236,
0 262, 0 269, 0 341, P 489,
P 49i, P 492, P 507, P 537-
maura, 0 181.
meleagris, O 262, O 269, 0 294,
P492.
mercatoria, 0 222.
fmillepunctata, var. 25.
mitriformis,0 177, 0 262,? 487.
modesta, 180, 0 270.
Columbella
nicDsta, 1 8 1, 0 270.
iiasuta, 0 238, 0 341, P 543.
uigricans, 181, 0 186, 0 231,
0 270.
Pacifica, 53.
pallida, 0 235, P 535.
pardalis, 0 341.
parva, 35, 181, 0 231, 0 270.
pavonia, 0 206.
paytalida, O 262, 0 294, P 489.
procera, 0 181, 0 341.
pulcherrima, 0 181, 0 341.
pulchrior, 181, 0 270.
punctata, P 487.
pusilla, 53.
pygmsea, 181, 0 181, 0 192,
0 226, 0 270, P 510.
pyrostorna, 0 181.
Reevei, 53, in.
rorida, 53.
rugulosa, 0 186.
rugosa, 181,0181,0231,0270.
rustica, 0 269, O 294, P 489, P
492.
saturalis, 59, 61, 0 269.
scalarina, 0 181, P 505.
solidula, in.
Sowerbyi, 0 270.
spadicea, 53, 0 225, P 535.
Sta.-Barbarensis, 21, 53, in,
0 228, 0 231, 0 341, 0 349.
strombiformis, 48, 181, 0 171,
0 174, 0 178, 0 192, 0 210,
0 234, 0 236, 0 262, 0 270,
0 341, P 490, P 537-
Btrombiformis, var. 0 262, 0 269,
P489.
snlcosa, 53, 185, 0 272.
Terpsichore, O 226, 0 238, 0 263,
P 5o8, P 543-
tessellata, 35, 181, 0 270.
tseniata, 20, 53, 260, 0 225, P
535-
trinmphalis, 10, O 268.
turrita, 181, 0 181, 0 270.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
39
Colun^bella
unciuata, 25, 53, 155.
unicolor, 0 181, 0 342, 0 361.
valga, 84.
varia, 181, 0 181, 0 270, P 507.
varians, 155, 0 270, 0 341, 0
361.
venusta, 53.
vexilluui, 53»
Colua
arctatus, 77.
Concholepaa
antiquata, P 297, R 3.
Peruviana, 0 231.
subrufa, R 4.
Conella
cedo-nulli, 28, in.
conifornris, 25.
Conovulus
rnyosotis, P 112.
Conus
abbreviates, 11.
achatinus, 0 228, 0 236, 0 259,
P 403, P 537, U 206.
archon, 0 182, 0 208, 0 333.
arcuatus, 9, 27, 46, 0 176, 0
259, 0 333, P 402.
arenatus, 0 243, O 259, P
404.
brunneus, no, 0 184, 0 270,
O 292, 0 333, 0 360.
Californicus, 21, 23, 27, 144,
O 205, 0 332.
cinctns, 0 170, 0 333.
ccelebs, O 205.
comptus, 0 228, 0 230, 0 259,
0 332, P 402, U 206.
concinnus, 0 285, 0 292, 0 297,
0332.
Cumingii, 46.
deperditus, 0 170. ,
diadem a, 0 184, 0 333, 0 360.
ebraeus, 7.
emarginatus, 152.
ferrugatus, 0 285, 0 332, O
352.
Conus
gladiator, 24, 27, no, O 182,
O 259, 0 270, 0 282, 0 332,
T» » *
gradatus, 7, 10, 46,0 178.
hieroglyphus, n.
hyaena, 0 170.
incurvus, 46.
interrupts, 9, 45, 46, 152, 154,
0 176, 0 187, 0 235, 0 360,
P 402.
• var. O 292.
Largillierti, 58.
lineolatus, 0 170, 0 270, 0 333.
Lorenzianus, 46, 0 293., 0 333.
Luzonicus, var. O 184, 0 333,
0 360.
Mahogani, 9, 24, 154, O 270,
0 282, 0 292, 0 333.
Mauritianus, 46.
Mediterraneus, 0 222.
minimus, 0 291, O 360.
minimus, var, 0 333.
nux, 21, 24, 27, 1 10, 0 182, 0
259, 0 270, 0 332, 0 360, P
405-
omaria, 0 238, P 544.
Orion, 0 182, 0 333.
var. papillosus, 46.
patricius, 0 205, 0 333.
perplexus, 46.
Philippii, 59.
princeps, 7, 58, no, 0 170, 0
183, 0 233, O 238, 0 333,
O 352, P 544-
pulchellus, 0 187.
puncticulatus, 9, 27, 46, 154,
0 238, 0 259, O 332, P 404,
P544-
purpurascens, 24, 27, 32, no,
181, O 176, 0 182, 0 228,
0 230, 0 259, 0 270, 0 332,
0 364, P 402, P 403, U 206.
purpurascens, var. 0 259, P
403.
purpureus, 0 236.
40
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Conns
pnsillus, 9, 21, 0 228, O 230,
0 332, U 206.
var. pusillus, no.
pustolosus, 46.
pyriformis, 0 292, 0 333.
ravus, 21, 144, 0 228, 0 230,
O 332, 0 333, 0 349, U 206.
regalitatis, 32, no, 181, 0 184,
0 236, 0 259, 0 270, 0 282,
0 333, P 403-
regius, 7, 58, O 170, 0 270.
regularis, 24, 27, 0 238, O 259,
0 270, 0 292, O 333, 0 352,
P 401, P 544.
regularis, var. 46, 0 176.
reticulatus, 152.
scalaris, 7, 10, 46, no, O 170,
0 259, P 406.
terebellutn, 0 205.
tiaratus, 46, O 182, 0 292,0 360.
tornatus, 9, no, 0 188, 0 333.
trochulus, 0 235.
varius, 0 187, O 360.
virgatus, var. 46.
vittatus, 0 270, 0 292, 0 333.
Ximenes, 9, 46, 0 177, 0 333.
Zebra, 46.
Cooperella
scintillseforniiSj 97, 125.
Corbicufa
convexa, 154, 164, 0 287.
ventricosa, 164.
Corbula
alba, 0 224, 0 228, O 244, P 534,
P547-
bicarinata, 23, 0 183, 0 224, 0
228, 0 244, O 280, 0 281, 0
300, 0 364, P 21, U 199.
biradiata, 20, 23, 39, 123, 204,
205, 0 183, 0 244, 0 280,
0 300, P 22.
Boivinei, 0 300.
carinata, 0 224.
Cubaniana, 0 364,
Diegoana, 75.
Corbula
fragilis, 0 207, 0 300.
gibbosa, 0 175,0347-
luteola, 97, 123.
marmorata, 0 207, 0 300.
nasuta, 23, O 228, O 300.
nucifonnis, 23, 154, O 183, 0
300.
obesa, 204, 0 207, 0 300.
ovulata, 33, 154, 204, 0 183,
0 228, 0 244, 0 280, 0 300,
polychroma, 20, 39, 205, 0 226,
0 228, 0 300, U 198.
pustulosa, 39, 204, 0 244, 0 300,
P 22.
radiata, 0 207.
rostrata, 0 175.
rubra, 39, 204, 0 280, 0 300.
scaphoides, P 547.
speciosa, 0 207, 0 300.
Taheitensis, 0 280.
tenuis, 23, 204, 0 183, 0 228,
0 244, 0 280, O 300.
?ustulata, 0 236, P 539.
ventricosa, 0 584, 0 300.
venusta, 73.
Coralliophila
Californica, 0 287.
madreporarum, 63.
Corniculina
Ehrenbergii, X 419.
Cormioides
major, X 416, X 425, X 426.
minor, X 426, X 436.
Coronaxis
nux, P 405.
Crania
radiosa, 55.
Crassatella
alta, 75.
collina, 81.
Esquimalti, 91.
Guadalupensis, P 549.
gibbosa, 23, 106, 155, 204,306,
0 280, 0 297.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
41
Crassatella
Martiuicensis, 0 364, P 549.
Pacifica, 101.
undulata, 0 297.
Uvasana, 75.
varians, 106.
Crassispira
aterrima, P 393.
incrassata, P 392.
luctuosa, P 397.
rudis, P 393.
zonulata, P 395.
Cremides
Barbadensis, P 215.
Peruviana, P 219.
rugosa, P 216.
Crenella
coarctata, 50, 107, 0 226, 0 234,
0 248, 0 309, 0 359, P 123.
decussata, 97, 130, 169, 170,
212.
discrepans, 0 309.
inflata, 39, 104, 211.
Crepidula
aculeata, 24, 27, 47, 51, 69, 92,
108, 140, 196, 0 2, 0 190, 0 200,
0 235, 0 236, 0 254, 0 282,
0 323, 0 353, 0 363, 0 365,
P 268, P 269, P 283, P 292.
aculeata, var. 0 276, V 225.
Adolphei, 0 254, P 272.
adunca, 23, 25, 27, 31, 37, 51,
79, 98, 108, 140, 197, 0 174,
0 206, 0 209, 0 212, 0 230,
0 236, 0 254, 0 276, 0 323,
P 263, P 275, P 277.
arcuata, 0 254, P 272.
arenata, 27, 51, 151, 0 184,
0 282, 0 323, P 275.
arenata, var. 151.
auricnlata, P 289.
var. bilobata, 17, 52, 140, 0 3,
O 254.
calceolina, 0 276.
Californica, 52, 0 2, 0 200, 0
254, P 268, V 225.
Crepidula
calyptrseformis, P 270.
capeusis, 0 209, P 268.
cerithicola, 0 254, 0 276, P 278.
contorta, 0 239, 0 254, P 278,
P545-
costata, 0 2, 0 236, 0 239,0 254,
P 268, P 537, P 545.
depressa, 0 254, P 272. ,
dilatata, 51, 0 172, 0 190, 0
. 254, 0 323, 0 366, P 272,
P 285, P 292.
dilatata, var. 0 190.
dorsata, 13, 17, 23, 52, 92, 140,
0 254, P 273, P 274, P 288.
echinus, 52, 0 254,0 276,0363,
P 268.
excavata, 20, 24, 51, 98, 108,
140, 152, 196, 0 230, 0 235,
0 254, 0 276, 0 364, P 274.
var. 1 08.
explanata, 27, 52, 140, 0 200,
0 204, 0 228, 0 233, 0 255,
0 323, P 281, P 282, U 205,
V 225.
exuviata, 140, 0 200, 0 228,
0 233, 0 255, P 281, U 205,
V 225.
fimbriata, 17, 51, 140.
foliacea, 0 190, 0 254, P 272, P
292.
fornicata, 20, P 282, P 286.
Goreensis, 0 239, 0 369, O 365,
P 280, P 284, P 286, P 545.
grandis, 20, 25, 70, 76, 169, 322,
0 216, 0 223, 0 323.
hepatica, 196, 0 236, 0 254, O
276, P 276, P 278, P 537, V 225.
hystrix, 52, 0 363, P 269, P 293.
— — — var. 69.
incurva, 24, 37, 52, 79, 154, 196,
0 190, 0 230, O 236, O 254,
0 276, 0 284, 0 323, 0 352,
P 276, P 277, P 279, P 292.
incurva, var. P 275.
incurvata, 0 175.
42
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Crepidula
Italica, 0 255, 0 276, P 284.
Lessonii, 51, 140, 196, 197, 0
190, 0 276, 0 358, P 269,
P 282, P 293.
lineolata, P 272.
lingulata, 17, 52, 92, 140, 0 209,
0323-
lirata, 52.
marginalia, 0 184, 0 324, P 292.
minuta, 17, 20, 0 200, 0 216,
0 223, 0 323, V 225.
nautiloides, 51, 0 254, P 272.
navicelloides, 17, 20, 25, 52, 140,
0 200, P 281, V 225.
navicelloides, var. 0 200.
nivea, 26, 37, 154, 196, 197, 0 2,
0 190, 0 255, 0 276, 0 323,
0 358, P 269, P 270, P 272,
P 279, P 281, P 282, P 285,
P 286, P 292, P 293, U 205,
V 225.
nivea, var. 0 190, 0 239, 0 276.
numinaria, 17, 52, 140, 0 200,
0 209, 0 212, 0 323, V 225.
onyx, 27, 37, 52, 108, 152, 196,
0 190, 0 200, 0 204, 0 230,
O 235, 0 254, 0 276, 0 278,
O 323, 0 364, 0 366, P 272,
P 276, P 277, P 292, V 225.
osculans, 31, 37, 197, 0 276,
0323-
pallida, 0 254, P 272.
Patagonica, 0 190, 0 254,0 255,
P 272, P 281, P 292.
patula, 0 254, P 272.
perforans, 52, 140, 0 200, 0 228,
0 233, U 205, V 225.
Peruviana, 0 24,3 0 254, 0 366,
P 272.
plana, 0 255, 0 276, P 284.
porcellana, 0 364, P 275.
princeps, 20, 25, 76, 166.
prorupta, 166, 0 369.
protea, 0255,? 272, P 281 , P 292.
rostriformis, 32, 37, 51, 140, 197,
Crepidula
0 209, 0 230, 0 254, 0 276,
o 323, P 275-
rostrata, 32, 37, 52, 140, 197,
0 254, 0 276, O 323, P 275.
rudis, P 263, P 289.
rugosa, 23, 27, 51, 79, 140, 0 200,
0 323, 0 349, P 278, P 279,
V224.
Sitchana, 20, 0 216, 0 223, 0
323-
solida, 31, 37, 51, 140, 197,
0 206, Q 216, 0 224, 0 254,
0 276, 0 323, P 275.
sordida, 0 324.
squama, 32, 51, 140, 196, 0 184,
0 235, 0 255, 0 276, 0 286,
P 269, P 280, P 281, V 225.
squamosa, 35.
strigata, 0 254, P 272.
striolata, 37, 0 2, 0 239, 0 255,
0 276, P 280, P 281, P 282,
P545-
umbrella, P 263, P 289.
uncata, 32, 37, 52, 140, 197,
0 254, 0 276, P 275, P 538.
unguiculus, P 281.
var. 0 255, P 281.
unguiformis, 27, 37, 140, 196,
197, 0 2, 0 184, 0 222, 0 255,
0 276, 0 282, 0 323, 0 363,
0 365, P 272, P 282, P 284,
P 285, P 286, V 225.
unguiformis, var. 0 275.
Crepipatella
aculeata, P 268.
Adolphei, P 272.
dilatata, P 272.
dorsata, 0 3.
echinus, P 268.
explanata, 0 2.
foliacea, P 272.
hepatica, P 278
hystrix, P 268.
pallida, P 272.
strigata, P 272.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
43
Creseis
caligula, 0 173.
cornucopice, 0 173.
rugulosa, X 425.
Crucibulum
. auriculatum, T 168.
auritum, 52.
Byronense, 52.
cinereum, 52.
corrugatum, 24, 52, U 204.
dentatuni, 0 235, T 167.
extinctoruin, 0 364, P 287.
ferrugineuin, 52.
geuimaceum, 52.
hispidam, 52.
imbricatum, 27, 52, 108, 151,
I52, J53, 195, ° 3, 0 J79,
0 190, 0 204, 0 230, 0 235,
0 255, 0 275, 0 323, P 287,
P 292, P 293, T 167, T 168.
imbricatum, vor. 0 275.
imbricatum, var. Broderipii, 0
190, 0 288, P 287, T 1 68,
U 205.
imbricatum, var. Carribbeuse,
T 167.
imbricatum, var. Cumingii, 0
190, 0 288, 0 363, P 292,
Ti67.
Jewettii, 21, 0 228,0 230, 0 323.
lignarium, 52, 0 224, O 323.
maculatum, 52.
var. 195.
ctinatum, 24, 27, 52, P 292,
T 168.
peziza, 52.
quiriquinum, 52.
radiatum, 24, O 323.
rude, 195, 0 235, 0 276, 0 282,
T 168.
rngosum, 52, 0 255.
sctitellatum, 52, 0 255, P 287.
serratum, 52, 0 323, P 292.
sordidum, 52.
spinosum, 23, 24, 27, 52, 61, 76,
79, 108, 140, 151, 152, 195,
Crucibulum
0 3, 0 179, 0 190, 0 200,
0 204, O 230, 0 233, 0 235,
0 255, 0 280, 0 283, 0 323,
0 353, P 290, P 292, P 293.
spiuosum, var. 10.
spinosum, var. compresso-coni-
cum, O 288, T 167.
striaturn, 52.
tenue, 0 235.
tubiferum, 52.
umbrella, 24, 27, 43, 52, 195,
0 323, 0 364, P 295, T 168.
unguis, 52.
violascens, T 166, U 205.
Crypt a
Goreensis, P 285.
nivea, 0 2, P 281.
Peruviana, P 272.
rostrata, P 275.
rugosa, P 278.
Cryptobranchia
Candida, 0 219.
caeca, 0 219.
Cryptochiton
Stelleri, 23, 70, 134, 0 297,
03i8.
Crypto don
flexuosus, 97, 129, 168.
myoides, n.
Nuttallii, 11, 61, 72, 0 194, 0
300, 0 349, V 210.
serricatus, 88, 129.
Crypto mya
Californica, 22, 26, 71, 78, 79,
87,88, 119, 123,0 194,0211,
V 210.
ovalis, 79.
Cultellus
lucidus, 0 349.
subteres, 0 195.
Cuma
calcar, P 482.
costatum, 7, 35, 155, 180, O 262,
0 340, P 482, P 484, P 485.
diadema, P 482.
44
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Cuma
kiosquiforme, 24, 180, 0 262,
0 340, P 481.
kiosquiforme, var. O 190.
sulcatum, 0 269.
tectum, 24, 48, 1 80, O 182, 0 191,
0340, P355, P475, P4Si.
Cumingia
Adainsii, 38, 203.
Californica, 26, 126, 0 195, 0 231,
0 234,0 245,0 304, 0 351,
0 353, P 30, V 213.
var. coarctata, 38, 47, 203, 0
245, 0 279.
lamellosa, 38, 47, 203, 0 183,
O 245, 0 304, P 29, P 30.
similis, 40.
striata, O 245.
trigonularis, 38, 47, 105, 203,
O 245, 0 279, 0 304, P 30.
var. 0 184.
Cyathodonta
plicata, 27.
nndulata, 119.
Cycladella
papyracea, 29, 257.
Cycladina
Adansonii, P 108.
Cyclas
acurainata, 164.
australis, P 108.
calyculata, O 222, P 106.
cornea, 164, 0 210, 0 222, P 106.
edentula, 164.
egregia, 0 213, 0 308.
Estrellana, 81.
inornata, 164.
minor, 165.
modesta, 164.
iiobilis, 165.
ovalis, 165.
panduta, 81.
patella, 165, 0 210, O 308.
permaera, 81.
simplex, 164.
Spokaui, 91.
Cyclas
striatina, 164.
tenuistriata, 164.
triangularis, 164.
tumida, 91.
Cyclina
producta, 0 284, 0 305, S 161.
saccata, 0 305.
subquadrata, 77, 201, 0 227,
O 246, 0 278, 0 305, 0 364,
P62, S 161, U 201.
Cyclophorus
ponderosus, 45.
translucidus, 45.
Cyclostoma
acutum, 0 220.
anatinum, 0 220.
giganteum, 0 185.
Mexicanum, 0 265.
Cyclostrema
excavatum, T 169.
octoliratum, T 169.
pentegoniostoma, T 169.
Cyclotus
giganteus, 0 326.
Cylichna
Carpenteri, 34.
(fcylindracea, var.) attonsa,
23, 89, 133, 169.
inculta, 133.
luticola, 34, 194, 0 250, 0 275,
O 313, Pi7o.
mamillata, 133, O 366.
planata, 133, 307.
triticea, 71.
Cylinder
porpbyreticus, 48.
Cylindrella
Ghiesbreghti, 44.
Liebmanni, 0 295.
Pfeifferi, 0 295.
salpinx, 44.
l^res, 0 295.
Cymbium
patulum, 48.
tuberosuua, 48.
INDEX OP SPECIES.
45
Cypraea
adusta, 9, 0 291.
acicularis, P 373.
albuginosa, 8, 45, 0 291.
approximans, 0 285.
Arabica, 0 239, 0 265, P 545.
arabicula, 35, 176, 0 164, 0 170,
0 178, O 235, 0 236, 0 239,
0 282, P 373, P 537, P 545-
arabicula, var., O 267.
armadina, 0 188, 0 292.
Californiana, 8.
Californica, 0 230, 0 291.
candidula, 0 285, O 294.
cervina, 0 258, P 371.
cervinetta, 176, 0 258, 0 267,
0 282, 0 328, 0 363, P 371,
P372.
cervus, 0 258, P 372.
var. P 371.
costata, 8.
eglantina, n, 0 265.
exanthema, 27, 153, 154, 166,
176, 0 258, 0 328, 0 362, 0
363, P 37i, P 372.
m var. 0 267.
flaveola, P 373.
fusca, 0 187, 0 239, P 378, P
545-
irina, 0 187.
Laraarckii, 0 170, 0 293.
lathyrus, 0 258, O 293.
Maugerise, O 182, 0 291.
nigropunctata, 0 187, 0 190.
nymphse, 0 291.
obesa, O 235.
olorina, 0 285.
onisens, 8, O 267, P 376.
onyx, 9, 49, 0 291.
Pacifica, O 182, 0 230.
pediculus, 8, 0 230.
poraria, 8.
pulla, 0 1 86, O 286, O 291, P
379-
punctulata, 35, 176, 0 230, 0
267, 0 291, P 374.
Cypraea
pustulata, 6, 8, 48, 176, 0 174,
0 230, 0 236, 0 239, 0 267,
P 375, P 537, P 545-
radians, 8, 177, 0 170, O 174,
O 230, 0 233, 0 267.
rubescens, 35, 177, 0 182, O
267, 0 291, P 378.
sanguinea, 177, 0 230,0 236,
' 0 239, 0 258, 0 267, 0 288,
O 293, P 537, P 545. 9
Solandri, 0 230, 0 236, O 291,
P 377, P 537-
Sowerbyi, 0 235, 0 236, 0 293,
P 537-
spadicea, 7, 8, 49, 0 230, 0 235.
spurca, P 373.
stercoraria, P 373.
subrostrata, 8, O 239, 0 292,
0 294, P 379, P 545.
suffusa, 0 188, 0 230, 0 292.
tigris, 109.
zebra, P 371.
zonata, 0 235, 0 236, 0 293.
Cypraecassis
tenuis, 153,
testiculus, 152.
Cyrena
acuta, 164.
sequilateralis, 164.
altilis, 164, 0 i, 0 227, 0 232,
0 248, P 115, U 202.
angulata, 164.
Californica, 164.
cordiforrnis, 164.
Cumingii, 164, 0 287.
Floridana, O i, 0 281, P 115,
P 116.
Fontainei, 164, 0 248, 0 281,
P 114.
fragilis, 164, P 115.
inflata, 164, 0 287, 0 296, O
309.
insignis, 164, O 287, 0 308.
marititna, 38, 164, 201, 0 278,
0 309, S 161.
46
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Cyrena
Mexicana, 27, 164, 0 I, 0 175,
0 248, 0 281, 0 308, P 115.
Mexicana, var* 0 227, O 232.
altilis, U 202.
olivacea, 27, 164, 0 248, 0 281,
O 308, P 114, P 116.
Panamensis, 164.
placens, P 114.
pullastra, 164.
• radiata, 164.
Recluzii, 164.
solida, 60, 164, 0 281, 0 309.
sordida, 164.
subquadrata, 164, 0 287, 0 309.
triaugula, 164.
tumida, 164.
varians, 164, P 115.
Cyrenoida
serricata, P 104.
Cyrtopleura
truucata, 121.
Cyrtulus
distortus, 0 231.
patulus, P 501.
Cytherea
aequilatera, 0 203, 0 246, P 549.
affinis, 201, 0 185, 0 191,0 229,
0 247, 0 278, P 69.
alternata, 0 247, 0 289, P 69.
argentina, 0 185, 0 236, P 539.
arguta, 60.
aurantia, 0 174, 0 229, 0 278.
aurantiaca, 47, 201, 0 246, 0
278, P 63.
biradiata, 9, 0 211, 0 236, 0
246, 0 366, P 64.
brevispina, 0 281.
brevispinosa, 0 289, P 69.
callosa, 12, 279, 0 197, V 216.
casta, P 70.
castanea, P 70.
chione, 0 211, 0 289, P 64.
chionsea, 0 236, P 64, P 539.
circinata, 0 289, P 69.
concinna, O 185, P 69.
Cytherea
consanguiuea, 58, 201, 0 278.
corbicula, 0 246, P 54, P 55,
P539-
crassatelloides, 58,0 196,0 207,
P 58, V 216.
Dariena, So.
decisa, 77.
Dione, var. 61, 0 185, 0 246,
0 285, P 67.
Dunkeri, 60.
elegans, 0 246, P 64.
erycinoides, V 216.
formosa, P 70.
fusca, P 70.
gigantea, 39, 60, 0 246, 0 289,
P 60.
gracilior, 58, 0 246, P 55.
graphica, P 70.
Guineensis, P 69.
Hindsii, 0 246, P 55.
impudica, P 70.
intermedia, 0 246, 0 289, P 55.
laeta, 58.
lepida, 0 246.
ligula, 58.
lupinaria, 6, 0 185, 0 229, 0
284, P 67.
lusoria, P 70.
lutea, 58.
mactroides, 60, 0 246, P 55, P
59-
meretrix, 58, P 70.
niorphina, P 70.
nitidula, 58.
nobilis, 12, 106, 280.
ovum, P 70.
Pacifica, 60, 0 246, P 55.
petechialis, 69, 0 202, O 247,
O 305- 0 366, P 70.
lanulata, 47, 0 176,0 189, P59.
punctata, P 97.
radiata, 58, 201, 0 191, 0 278.
rosea, 0 175.
semifulva, 0 236, O 246, P 55,
P539-
INDEX OF SPECIES
47
Cytherea
semilamellosa, 6, 61, 0 246, P
67, P 68.
solidissima, 0 196, 0 296.
squalida, 201, 0 246, O 278,
0 366, P 64.
subsulcata, 0 247, P 79.
tigerina, P 96.
tortuosa, 0 185, O 229, 0 247.
undulata, 0 189, 0 246, P 59.
unicolor, 0 185.
vulnerata, 0 185, P 68.
zonaria, P 70.
Cythna
albida, 99, 143.
asteriaphila, 104, 218.
tumeiis, 143, 218.
Dactylidea
mutica, P 470.
Dactylina
Campechensis, 121.
Chiloensis, 121.
dactylus, 39.
laqueata, 23.
Dactylus
incrassatus, P 464.
DEedalochila
implicata, 0 294.
Daphnella
aspera, 144, 314.
effusa, 114, 144, 243.
casta, 24, 109, 0 205, 0 332.
crebriplicata, 109.
filosa, 23, 144, 284.
Darina
declivis, 93, 123, 251.
Defrancia
bella, 0 230, 0 349.
intercalaris, S 163.
intricata, 97, 122, P 6, 0 244,
0 298.
rana, P 399.
rava, 0 259, 0 331, S 163, S
164.
serrata, S 163.
Dendronotus
arboresceiis, 0 218, 0 313.
iris, 95-
Dendropoma
lituella, 42.
megamastum, 42.
Dentalium
corrugatura, 0 251, 0 317, P
189.
dentalis, 0 222.
eburneutn, 134.
elepbantinum, P 314, X 419.
entalis, 46, 98, 134, 0 296.
glabrum, X 414, X 435, X 436.
var. X 414.
hexagonum, 46, 98, 134, 154.
hyalinum,3i, 134, 0 225,0251,
0 317, P 188, P 536.
imperforatum, X 414, X 425,
X436.
incurvum, X 425.
var. Indianornm, 98, 134, 169.
lactenm, 31, 152.
liratuin, 46, 0 251, O 317, P 188.
minutum, X 413, X 435.
nebulosum, 0 175.
politum, O 223, 0 317.
pretiosum, 31, 46, 98> I34, 0
251, 0 296, P 189.
pseudosexagonum, 46.
quadrangulare, 46.
rectius, 89, 134.
seinipolitum, 31, 98, 134, 152,
0 175-
spleudidum, 46.
striolatum, 46.
substtiatmn, 0 367.
tessaragonum, 0 180, 0 317.
tetragonum, 46, 152.
trachea, X 414, X 423, X 425.
t-ar. X 414.
Diadora
cmcibuliformis, 80.
Diala
acuta, 99, 143.
electrina, 104, 217.
48
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Diala
uiamillata, 33, P 412.
marinorea, 99, 143.
paupercula, 259.
Dione
affluis, 0 305.
alternata, 0 363.
aurantia, 0 246, 0 305, P
P63.
aurantiaca, 0 282.
biradiata, 0 232, O 305, P VI,
brevispina, 57.
brevispinata, 57, 0 281, P 69.
brevispinosa, 0 247, O 305, 0
358, P 69.
cliione, 0 366, P VI., P 63, P
65.
chionaea, 0 226, 0 232, 0 234,
0 246, 0 282, 0 305, 0 352,
0 366, P VI, P 63, P 64,P65,
P7o.
chionsea, var. 0 364.
circinata, 58, 0 232, 0 247, 0
3°5, 0 363, P 69.
concinna, 0 247, 0 305, P 69.
consanguinea, 0 305.
dione, 0 232, 0 364.
elegans, P VI.
exspinata, 58.
lepida, 0 234.
lupinaria, 57, 0 232, 0 246, 0
265, 0 297, 0 305, 0 358, 0
0 364, P 67.
maculata, 57, 0 364, P 65.
multispinosa, 57.
nobilis, 57.
pannosa, 58, 211.
prora, 58.
var. 210.
puella, 21.
rosea, 0 232, 0 234, 0 246, 0
305, P 66.
semilamellosa, 57, 58.
squalida, 0 305, P VI., P 64.
tortuosa, 0 305.
unicolor, 58, 0 305.
Dione
Veneris, 57, P 67.
vulnerata, 0 246, 0 305, P 68.
Diplodonta
calculus, 106, 0 308.
circularis, 0 366.
obliqua, 0 224, 0 248, O 308,
P 103, P 534.
orbella, 12, 22, 26, 113, 129,0
197, 0 232, 0 308, 0 349,
0 351, 0 352, U 202, V 218.
serniaspera, 30, 154, 0 197,
0 224, 0 229, 0 248, 0 297,
0 3°8> 0 363, 0 366, P 102.
var. 0 227, U 202.
semiaspera, var. discrepans,
0 248, P 103.
serricata, 0 248, P 104.
subquadrata, 106, 0 287, 0 308,
Q230.
trigonula, P 103.
undata, P 103.
Discina
Cumingii, 37, 105, 155,194,205,
266, 0 244, O 298, O 366, P 7.
Evansii, 55, 102, 0 298, O 349.
striata, 0 366.
strigata, 54.
Discopora
trispinosa, P 3.
Discus
Vancouvereusis, 157.
Dispotaea
Byronensis, 10.
dentata, 0 3, P 287.
spinosa. 0 239, P 546.
striata, Q 234.
Distortio
anus, 0 171.
constrictus, 182.
Ditrupa
gad us, X 413.
Do Hum
crassilabre, 0 238, P 543.
den tat urn, 8, 0 238, P 543.
latilabre, 0 238.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
49
Do Hum
personatum. 0 238.
petrosum, 166, 0 367.
plicosum, 0 238.
pomuui, 0 174.
ringens, 8, 179, 0 231, 0 238,
0 269, 0 292.
Donax
abruptus, 0 232.
assimilis, 23, 202, 0 186, 0 236,
0 245, 0 279, O 297, 0 304,
P44-
bellus, 0 226, O 287, 0 304.
var. cselatus. 23, 106.
Californicus, 22, 26, 126, 151,
0 195, 0 196, 0 227, 0 229,
0 232, 0 241, 0 246, O 287,
0 296, 0 304, 0 349, 0 351,
0 352, P 47, P 548, U 200,
V2I3.
carinatus, 23, 38, 154, 202,
0 208, 0 232, 0 285, 0 304,
P 43, P 44-
carinatus, var. 202, 0 245, P 43.
Carpenter!, 0 287, 0 304.
couipressus, 0 236, P 539.
Com-adi, 106, 0 170, 0 241,
O 246, 0 287, O 289, 0 304,
P46, P47, P548, V2i3.
Conradi, var. 0 196.
contusus, 0 241, 0 246, 0 287,
0 289, P 47, P 548.
culminatus, 38, 202, 0 229,
O 245, P 43, P 548, U 200.
culter, 0 241, 0 246, 0 285,
0 287, P 47, P 48.
var. P 48, P 548.
elongatus, 9.
flexuosus, 21, 22, 126, 0 227,
0 229, 0 304, 0 349, P 44,
P 548, U 200.
gracilis, 23, 202, 0 186, 0 229,
0 279, 0 304.
Isevigatus, 0 227, 0 232.
Lamarckii, 21.
Lessoni, 0 246, P 59.
Donax
Martinicensis, 0 245.
iiavicula, 23, 27, 106, 126, 202,
O 186, 0 229, 0 246, 0 279,
0 304, P 50, P 548.
obesus, 126, 0 195, 0 196, 0
227, 0 296, 0 304, U 200,
V2I3.
obesulus, 0 287.
ovalimis, 0 287, 0 304.
Panamensis, 0 295, 0 304.
pretextus, 0 367.
pulchellus, Q 230.
punctatostriatus, 7, 23, 27, 77,
126, 151, 0 170, 0 232, O 241,
0 246, 0 285, 0 296, 0 304,
P 44, P 46, P 48, U 200, V
213.
punctostriatus, var. caelatus,
0 246, P 46.
radiatus, 7, 0 170, 0 191, 0 246,
0 287, P 44.
restrains, 23, 27, 38, 154, 202,
0 229, 0 245, 0 279, 0 304,
0 364, P 548, U 200.
rugosus, 0 364.
scalpellum, 9, 0 178, P 44.
scortum, 0 296.
semistriatus, 0 287, Q 230.
serrula, P 548.
stultorum, 10.
sulcatus, 0 226.
transversus, 23, 154, 0 174.,
0 245, 0 304, P 44, P 548.
Doris
alabastrina, 94.
albopunctata, 95.
Sandiegensis, 94, 95.
sanguiuea, 94, 95.
Montereyensis, 94, 95.
Dosinia
alta, 80, 81.
Annse, 154, O 246, 0 305, P 61.
callosa, 279, 0 281, O 305, O
349, V 216.
concentrica, P 60.
50
INDEX OP SPECIES.
Dosinia
distans, P 60.
Dunkeri, 23, 106, 0 163, O 186,
0 229, 0 232, 0 246, 0 282,
0 287, 0 305.
gigantea, 0 232, 0 234.
longula, 80, 81.
Montana, 81.
poiiderosa, 27, 39, 106, 151,
0 246, 0 305, P 60, P 61.
saccata, 0 232.
simplex, 0 232, 0 287, 0 305,
P6i.
subobliqua, 81.
turgida, 0 28:.
Drillia
alabastra, 0 364.
albicostata, 0 331, 0 360.
albolaqueata, 155.
albonodosa, 0 331, P 397.
albovallosa, 109, 0 226, 0 230,
0 258, 0 331, P 296.
appressa, 104, 218.
arcuata, 0 331.
aspera, P 395.
ater, 0 331.
aterrima, 24, 36, 109, 183, 184,
0 331, 0 364, P 393, P 395.
aterrima, var. Melchersi, 36,
109, 0 258, P 393.
atrior, 0 331.
atronodosa, 0 258.
bicolor, 0 331, 0 360.
cancellata, 89, 144.
cerithoidea, 0 258, 0 330, P
394-
cincta, 0 331.
coolata, 0 331.
coolebs, 0 331.
collaris, 183, 0331.
corrugata, 183, 0 331.
discors, 183, 0 331.
duplicata, 184, O 331.
ebnrnea, 154, 273.
exarata, 24.
exceutrica, 184, 0 331, 0 360.
Drillia
gibbosa, 0 364, P 392.
gracillima, var. 24.
grandimaeulata, 184, 0 331.
granulosa, 0 331.
Hanleyi, 0 259, 0 331, P 398.
hexagona, 24. 0 331.
impressa, 0 331.
incisa, 89, 143, 144.
incrassata, 24, 154, 184, 0 258,
0 33i, 0 364, P 392.
inermis, 23, 27, 70, 143, 169,
0330.
luctuosa, 109, 143, 0 258, O
330, P 385, P 392, P 394,
P 397, P 398.
maculosa, P 391.
maura, 109.
militaris, 0 331.
modesta, 0 331.
moDsta, 23, 143, 283.
monilifera, 0 258, 0 331,? 395.
nigerrima, 24, 184, 0 331.
nitida, 0 331.
obeliscus, 184, 0 331.
pallida, 184, 0 331.
pardalis, 0 331.
• penicillata, 144, 151, 314.
plumbea, 0 330.
punctatostriata, 0 284, 0 331,
S 164.
rudis, 24, 184, 0 258, 0 282,
0 33i, P 393, P 394-
rugifera, 0 331, 0 360.
rustica, 0 331.
splendidula, 0 331, 0 360.
striosa, 184, 0 331.
thiarella, P 395.
torosa, 143.
(?torosa, var.) aurantia, 143,
3I3-
unicolor, 0 331.
zonulata, 184, 0 258, 0 331,
P 395-
Dunkeria
caucellata, 0 260, 0 335, P 435.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
51
Dunkeria
intermedia, 0 260, 0 335, P 435-
laminata, 23, 145, 286.
paucilirata, 0 260, 0 335, P 434-
subangulata, 36, 187, 0 260,
0 335, P 434-
var. 36.
Elephantulum
abnormale, 0 255, 0 324, X 442.
heptagonurn, O 256, 0 324, X
442.
imbricatum, X 442.
insculptum, 0 255, O 324, X
442.
laqueatum, 0 324, X 442.
liratocinctum, 0 256, 0 324, X
442.
var. subconieum, X 442.
var. subobsoletum, X
442.
var. tenuiliratum, X 442.
liratum, X 442.
obtusum, 0 255, O 324, X 442.
plicatum, X 442.
subspirale, 0 255,0 324, X 442.
Emarginula
crenulata, 0 175.
rosea, 136, P 276, P 296.
Engina
alveolata, 0 341.
carbonaria, 1 8 1, 0 341, 0 361.
crocostoma, 25, 112, 0 231,
0 341, 0 361.
ferruginosa, 0 231.
heptagonalis, 0 341.
jugosa, 0 270, O 341.
inaura, 0 341, 0 361.
pulchra, 181, 0 341, 0 361.
pyrostoma, 0 341, O 361.
Reeviana, 25, 112, 0 341, 0
361.
zonata, 0 341, 0 361.
Enaeta
Cumingii, 40.
harpa, 40.
Ensatella
ambigua, 39.
rudis, 205.
Eutodesma
cuneata, 124.
diaphana, 97, 124.
inflata, 97, 124.
picta, 124.
saxicola, 124.
saxicola, var. eylindracea, 124.
Eolidia
pinuata, 0 173.
Erato
columbella, 23, 143, 147, 169,
0 228, 0 230, 0 236, 0 328,
P 537, U 206.
Jewettii, 0 230.
leucophsea, 143, 0 228, O 230,
0 328, U 206.
Maugeriae, 24, 109, 112, 0 328,
O 364- '
Maugeriae. var. Pauamensis,
0 284, S 162.
scabriuscula, 24, 45, 109, 177,
0 230, 0 267, 0 328.
vitellina, 23, 143, 0 206, O 328.
Erycina
dubia, 0 186.
Geoffroyii, P 105.
papyracea, 0 287.
suborbicularis, P 105.
violacea, P 108.
Ethalia
arnplectans, 0 254, 0 322, P
253.
carinata, O 254, 0 322, P 252.
lirulata, 0 253, O 322, P 251.
pallidula, 0 253, 0 322, P 252.
pyricallosa, 0 253, 0 322, P
251.
supra vallata, 98, 138.
supravallata, ?var. invallata,
98, 138.
Eucosmia
cyclostoraa, 104, 215.
punctata, 104, 215.
52
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Eucosmia
variegata, 214, 215.
(?variegata, var.) substriata,
104, 215.
Eulima
acuta, 0 183, 0 335, P 438.
compacta, 99, 145.
distorta, O 296, P 408, P 441.
falcata, 273.
fuscostrigata, 105, 219.
hastata, 154, 0 260, 0 335, P
438.
interrupta, 0 183, 0 335.
iota, 37, 192, 0 274. P 440.
inicans, 89, 99, 145, 169.
recta, 193, 0 274, P 439.
rutila, 99, 145.
solitaria, 37, 193, 0 274, P 439.
Thersites, 23, 145, 286.
yod, 39.
Eulimella
obsoleta, 0 260, 0 335, P 436.
Euomphalus
radiatus, 0 238, 0 259, P 407,
P54L
Euparypha
areolata, 158.
Euryta
aciculata, 24, 109, 0 258, 0 329,
O 366, P 389.
Cosentini, 0 366.
fulgurans [=fiilgurataj, O 366.
fulgurata, 24, 27, 109, 177, 0
258, 0 329, P 388, U 206.
Euthria
ferrea, 70.
plumbea, 70.
Evalea
aequiscnlpta, 219.
delicatula, 219.
sublirulata, 33, P4IO.
Fartulum
bimarginatnra, X 443.
corrugulatum, 0 256, 0 324,
X443-
Fartulum
dextroversurn, O 256, 0 324,
X443-
? var. Antillarura, X 443.
farciinen, 0 256, 0 324, X 443.
glabri forme, 0 256, 0 324.
laeve, 0 256, X 443.
mainillatum, X 443.
pollicare, X 443.
reversum, 0 256, 0 325, X 443.
subquadratuin, X 443.
teres, 0 256, 0 325, X 443.
vitreum, X 443.
var. Clarkii, X 443.
Fasciolaria
aurantiaca, 48, 0 261, P 459.
bistriata, O 228, 0 231, 0 338,
U 207.
canaliculata, 0171.
grauosa, 10, 24, 183, 0 181, 0
271, 0 338.
priuceps, 27, 48, no, 183,0 174,
0 238, 0 261, 0 292, 0 338,
P 458, P 544.
rugosa, 0 171.
salmo, 0 188, 0 338.
sulcata, 60.
tulipa, 24, 0 171.
Valencieimesii, 0 188.
Felania
cornea, 0 308.
serricata, 30, 201, 0 308, 0 364.
tellinoides, 23, 154, 201, 0 308.
usta, 73.
Fenella
crystallina, 104, 217.
excurvata, 32.
pnpoidea, 99, 142.
Ficula
decussata, 7, 153, O 231, 0 234,
0 236, 0 238, O 242, 0 282,
0 337, 0 364, P 454, P 537,
P 544-
ficoides, 7, 0 171.
gracills, 0 364.
Ocoyana, 77.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
53
Ficula
reticulata, 0 171.
.ventricosa, 24, no, 0 234, 0
0 261, 0 271, 0 337, P 453,
P454-
Fissurella
sequalis, 197, 0 276.
affiuis, P 219.
i alba, 46, 154,256,0236,0252,
0319, P 217, P 218, Q 234.
alta, 46, 197, 0 276, P 221.
aspera, 8, 84, 0 174, 0 209,
O 215, 0 224, V 223.
Barbadensis, O 162, O 184, 0
243, 0 252, 0 364, P 215.
cancellatus, 46, 49.
catillus, P 220.
ehlorotrema, 0 2, 0 236, 0 252,
P 216, P 538.
coarctata, P 213.
cratitia, 84, 0 199, 0 209, 0
212.
crenifera, 0 184.
crenulata, 76, 0 234, 0 283,
V 223.
densiclathrata, 49, 84, 0 174,
O 199, 0 291, V 223.
exarata, 0 199, V 223.
excelsa, 46.
gemmata, 0 236, 0 252, P 218,
P538.
gibberula, 0 1 88, 0 319.
Gunneri, 49.
hians, 0 175.
humilis, 0 2, 0 236, 0 252,
P 216, P 538.
* insequalis, 0 i, 0 184, P 220.
Lincoln!, 45, 84, 0 178.
macrotreraa, 24, 154, 197,0 184,
0 276, 0 319, 0 360.
microtrema, 37, 108, 197, 0 184,
0 276, 0 319.
Mexicana, 46, 0 188, 0 319.
mus, 37, 197, 0 i, 0 252, 0 276,
0319, P SSL
inntabilis, 0 296, 0 320, 0 360.
Fissurella
nigropunctata, 24, tf, 84, 154,
197, 0 184, 0 276, 0 282,
O 319, 0 360, P 214, P 218,
Q234.
nigrocincta, 46, 108, 0 252,
0 288, 0 319, P 217, P 218,
Q234.
Novse-Hollandise, 49.
obscura, 46, 0 184, 0 320, .0
360.
ornata, 13, 26, 137, 0 241, 0 319,
0 349, P 214, V 222.
ostrina, 0 276, 0 319.
Panaraensis, 46, 0 184, 0 320.
Peruviana,, 0 252, 0 319, P
219.
var. pica, 35, 37, 0 i, O 184,
0 236, 0 252, P 220, P 538.
rugosa, 24, 27, 46, 1 08, 155,
196, 0 2, 0 1 88, 0 236, 0 252,
0 291, 0 319, 0 360, P 215,
P 216, P 218, V 223.
rugosa, var. 0 239, 0 276.
spongiosa, 0 252, P 219.
tenebrosa, 46.
turbinelloides, 49.
viminea, 0 2, 0 239, 0 252,
P 216, P 546.
violacea, 100, 0 215, 0 224,
0319.
violascens, 0 348.
virescens, 27, 37, 197, 0 3, O
162, 0 233, 0 234, O 239,
0 252,0 276, 0 319, P 213,
P 216, P 218, P 546, V 223.
virescens, var. O 364.
volcano, 13, 23, 100, 114, 137,
151, O 208, 0 233, 0 319,
0 349-
Fissurellidaea
sequalis, 197, 0 320.
Flabellina
erassicornis, O 313.
opalescens, 94, 95.
subrosacea, O 313.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Fluminicola
fusca, 163.
semiualis, 90.
virens, 162.
Fossarus
abjectus, 0 273.
angiostoma, 0 273.
angulatus, 216, O 257, O 326.
excavatus, 188, O 273, 0 326.
foveatus, 0 273, O 326.
maculosus, 0 257.
megasoma, O 273, O 326.
ovoideus, U 205.
parcipictus, 104, 216.
purus, 104, 216.
reticulatus, U 205
tuberosus, 216, 0 257, 0 326,
P354
Fulvia
modesta, 170.
Fusus
ambustus, 21, 25, 150^ 0 228,
O 234, U 208.
angulatus, 0 177.
antiquus, 19, 0 217, O 223.
apertus, d 263, P 504.
Baerii, 19^ 0 217.
Bamffius, 0 209.
Beliringii, 19, 0217.
bellus, 183, 0 271.
Beruicieusis, 0 217.
cancellatus, O 171, 0 210.
cancellinus, 18, 0 211.
carinatus, 0 192.
clavatus, 21, 150.
contrarius, 0 217, O 223.
corpulentus, O 367.
corrugatus, 0 293.
decemcostatus, 4, 20, 179, 0
217, 0 223.
deformis, 0 217.
Dupetithouarsii, 7, 28, 49, 112,
0 192, 0 204, O 208, 0 293,
0 294, 0 296, 0 361.
fidiculus, 17, 0 209, O 211.
fornicatus, 0 177, 0 .217.
Fusus
fragosus, 21.
geniculus, 1 66, 0 367.
gla^lalis, O 177.
Holboelli, 0 217.
horridus, 0 293.
iucisus, 18.
Islandicus, 0 217, 0 223.
Kellettii, 28, 0 240.
lamellosus, 34, 0 177, 0 217.
lapillus, 9, 0 176, 0 293.
lignarius, 0 352, P 503.
luridus, 19, O 217.
Magellanicus, 7, 0 171.
Mexicanus, 0 293.
nmlticostattts, 0 177.
muricatus, O 222.
nodulosus, 179.
Norvegicus, 0 223.
Novffi-Hollandise, 112.
Oregouensis, O 210 0 240, 0
293.
Orpheus, 17, 92, 0 209, 0 213.
pallid us, 0 176, 0 208, 0 234,
0 263, 0 288, 0 352, P 502.
pygmseus, 0 217.
rlieuma, 0 238, P 544.
Sabinii, 0 177, 0 217, 0 223.
salebrosus, P 485.
scalariforinis, 0 217.
Sitchensis, 18, 19, O 217.
tenebrosus, 0 217.
Thouarsii, 112.
torheuma, 0 238.
tumens, O 263, P 503, P 504.
turbinelloides, P 503.
turriculus, 0 209, 0 211.
turris, 7, 0 171.
ventricosus, 0 177.
Wiegmanm, 0 261, P 455.
Gadinia
Afra, O 366.
pentegoniostoma, 195, 0 i, 0
185, 0 252, 0 319, 0 366,
P 212.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
55
Gadinia
reticulata, 152.
-steltata, 31, 195, 0 319.
Galeomma
macroschisma, 46.
Turtoni, 46.
Galerus
aspersus, 0 275.
asperus, 0 323.
conicus, 24, 27, 37, 152, 154,
'95, 0 235, 0 254, 0 282,
0 323, P 265, P 266, P 267.
coiitortus, 76, 98, 140.
fastigiatus, 25, 140, 322, 0 323.
lichen, P 266, P 267.
mamillaris, 24, 27, 37, 52, 140,
154, 195, 0 190, 0 230, 0 233,
0 235, 0 254, O 276, O 282,
0 323, 0 366, P 266, P 267,
Q233.
regularis, 37, 195, 0 323, P 266,
Q233.
Sinensis.O 366,? 266, P 267,
Q233-
var. fuscus, 0 288, Q
233.
sordidus, P 292.
striatus, P 292, Q 234.
subreflexus, 52, 0 288, O 323,
Q233.
Garnotia
solida, 197, 0 254,0 297, P 275.
Gastrochaena
brevis, 0 184, O 299, 0 359.
cuneiformis, P 547.
hyalina, 0 184, 0 299, 0359.
ovata, 105, 121, 0 184, 0 244.
0 299, 0 363, P 15.
rugulosa, 0 184, 0 299, O 359.
truncata, 0 184, 0 244, O 299,
0 363, P 14, P 15-
Gena
varia, 40.
Gibbula
coronulata, O 321.
funiculata, 114, 139, 239.
Gibbula
lacunata, 113, 139, 239.
minor, P 461.
nivosa, 73.
optabilis, 98, 139.
parcipicta, 113, 139, 238.
redimita, 73.
succincta, 113, 139, 238.
Gi to centrum
Chiloensis, 121.
Glandina
Albersi, 156, 0 251, 0 287^
0313, P 175-
var. tnrrita, 156, P 175.
Carmiuensis, 44.
conularis, 0 287.
fusiformis, 0 285.
Ghiesbreghti, 44.
Isabellina, 0 286.
monilifera, 0 286.
nigricans, 0 2$6.
obtusa, 0 186, 0 314.
Sowerbyana, 0 286, 0 314.
tortillana, 0 286.
turris, 156, O 251, 0 313, P
175-
Glaucus
draco, 0 173.
Pacificus, O 173.
Globulus
tumens, 0 253, 0 322, P 250.
Glycinaeris
Estrallina, 82.
generosa, 123, 165, 168, 169.
Glyphis
alta, 24, 27, 197, 0 252, 0 320,
P 221, P 222.
aspera, 45, 49, J37, 0 199, 0
291, 0 320, V 223.
cratitia, 8, 137, 0 320.
crenifera, 0 320.
densiclathrata, 8, 13, 23, 27,
137, 0 320.
insequalis, 24, 27, 37, 108, 153,
197, 214, 0 i, 0 252, 0 360,
P 220, P 222.
56
INDEX OP SPECIES.
Glyphis
Lincolni, 8, 137, 0 320.
microtreina, 0 364.
pica, 0 320.
saturnalis, 104, 214.
Gnathodon
Lecontii, 78, 119.
mendicus, 21, 29, 78, 0 232,
0 246, 0 304, P 549, U 200.
trigonus, 21, 62, 78, 119, 0 227,
P 52, U 200.
Gonidea
femiualis, 120.
Randallii, 120.
Gouldia
Halectis
Japonica, 0 350.
Kamtschatkana, 27, 69, 72, 84,
100, 113, 137,0 216,0 226,
0 283, O 295, O 320, 0 350.
nodosa, 10.
pulcherrima, 4.
rufescens, 7, 13, 23, 27, 84, 100,
114, 137, H4, 0 192, 0 229,
0 32o, 0 350.
spleudens, 23, 27, 42, 60, 72,
84, 108, 137, 151, 0 199, 0
286, 0 320,0 350,0 351, V
223.
tuberculatus, 43.
Pacifica, 30, 38, 201, 0 247, Haminea
0 278, 0306, 0364, P 82, P 83, I cymbiformis, 31, 132, 0 250,
P 84, P 549.
varians, 30, 0 247, 0 306, 0 364,
0 366, P 83, P 530, P 549.
Gratelupia
Hydeana, 77.
mactropsis, 77.
Gryphsea
angulata, P 160.
Gundlachia
Californica, 119, 161.
Haliotis
aquatilis, 0 216, 0 286, 0 320,
0350.
Californiana, 7, 0 170.
Californiensis, 6, 7, 13, 84, 100,
137, P 174, O 199, O 291,
0 320, 0350, 0351, ¥223.
corrugata, 10, 84, 137, O 291,
0 320, 0 350.
Cracherodii, 6, 7, 9, 13, 23, 27,
84, 100, 108, 137, 151, 0 174,
0 199, 0 229, O 241, 0 291,
0320, 0350, 0351, V 223.
discus, 69, 350.
fulgens, 60.
glabra, 6, 9, 0 199, 0 291, V
223.
interrupta, 7.
0313, Pi74-
hydatis, 85, 89, 132, 169.
luticola, P 170.
vesicula, 79, 132, 0 227, 0 313,
0351, U 203, U 204.
virescens, 31, 79, 132.
Haplocochlias
cyclophoreus, 104, 215.
Harpa
crenata, 7, 8, 46, in, 153, 0 177,
0 238, 0 292, 0 340, 0 366,
P543-
gracilis, 0 176.
Mexicana, 0 292.
minor, 0 179.
Rivoliana, 46, O 238, 0 292.
rosea, 0 177, 0 179, 0 292,
0366.
rosea, var. 0 292.
scriba, 0 171, 0 340.
testudinalis, 0 292.
Harvella
elegaus, 21, 23, 100, 204.
Hastula
luctuosa, P 387.
Haustator
Bauksii, P 330.
goniostoma, P 330.
tigrina, P 332.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Hatistrum
deutex, 6.
pictum, 6.
tuberculatum, 6.
Hecuba
culmiuata, P 548.
Helicina
amoena,
chryseis, 45.
Lindeni, 45.
merdigera, 45.
0 wen i ana, 45.
Salvini, 45.
tmbinata, 45.
Helisonia
corpulentum, 161.
trivolve, 161.
Helix
acutedentata, 157.
anachoreta, 157.
annulifera, 0 286, 0 314.
Antoni, 0 295, O 314.
arbor ea, 96, 115, 116.
arboretorum, 59, 157.
arbustorurn, 162.
areolata, 116, 152, 158, 0 208,
O 265, 0 294, 0 295, 0 314.
arrosa, 59,96, 151, 157.
aspera, 162, 0 239.
Ayresiana, 118, 158.
Baskervillei, 85, 157, 0 226,
0 286, 0 290, 0 297, 0 314.
biciucta, 0 294.
Bridges!!, 118, 158.
Brewer!, 95, 96.
Bufloniana, 0 265, 0 294, 0 295.
caduca, 0 295.
Californica, 0 226.
Californiensis, 59, 96, 120, 157,
158*, 0 198, 0 212, 0 234,
O 294, 0 314, V 220.
Carpenter!, 118, 158.
Carpenteriana, 118.
cartlmsiana, 0 222.
ehersina, 95, 96.
cicercula, 0 265.
Helix
coactiliata, 44.
Columbiana, 85, 92, 96, 115,
157, 0 198, 0 239, 0 294,
0 314, V 220.
concava, 115, 0 211.
Cooper!, 115, 157.
crebristriata, 95.
cultellata, 59.
Damascenus, 59, 120, 158.
devia, 85, 157, 0 209, 0 213,
0226.
Dupetithouarsii, 59, 87, 92, 96,
118, 119, 158, 0 203,0 294,
0314.
Duranti, 96.
euryomphala, 44, 0 295.
exarata, 59, 96, 158.
eximia, 44.
facta, 95.
fidelis, 59, 84, 92, 96, 120, 157,
158, 0 198, 0 212, 0 234,
0 294, 0 314, V 220.
fraterua, 0 211.
fulva, 0 222.
Gabbii, 95.
Gaulteriana, P 247.
germana, 157, 0 210, O 211,
0314.
Ghiesbreghti, 44, 0 295.
griseola, 0 265, 0 294, 0 295.
Hildebrandi, 119.
Hinds!, 0 286, 0 294.
hispida, 0 222.
Humboldtiana, 0 294.
imperator, 0 265.
iufirmata, 0 283.
infumata, 79, 87, 96, 157, 0
3H-
inflecta, 0 211.
intercisa, 95, 120, 158.
Kellettii, 95, 96, 158, 0 233,
0 239,0 314, 0351.
labiata, 92.
labiosa, 85, 115, 157, 0 209,
0212, 0213,0314.
58
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Helix
labyrinthus, 0 239, 0 265, 0
- 295-
var. sipuuculata, 0 286.
Lalliaua, 44.
laxata, 44.
Leconti, 157.
levis, 158, 0 208, 0 294, 0 295,
0 314.
loisa, 157.
loricata, 96, 157, 0 209^ 0 211.
lucubrata, 0 265, O 294.
Mazatlanica, 59, 157.
Mexicana, 0 294.
mormonum, 59, 96, 158.
Mullani, 115, 157.
nemorivaga, 157.
Newberryana, 96.
Nickliniana, 59, 96, 120, 157,
158, 0 198, 0 212, 0 226,
0 314, V 220.
Nuttalliaua, 59, 84, 87, 157,
0 210, 0 226, 0 239, V 220.
Nystiaua, 0 186, 0 295, 0 314.
Oajacensis, 0 294.
oruginosa, 13, 59, 87, 157, 0
226, 0 283, O 314.
Oregonensis, 59, 79, 87, 120,
158, O 198, 0 314, V 220.
Pandoras, 59, 116, 158,0 239,
O 314.
pedestris, 59, 157.
peregrina, 61, 162.
plicata, 0 265, O 295, 0 314.
polygyrata, 115.
polygyrella, 115, 157.
princeps, P 177.
pulcbella, 0 222.
pura, 0 222.
Pytonesica, 95.
quadridentata, 0 295, 0 314.
quinquestrigata, O 295.
ramentosa, 120, 158.
redimita, 157.
reticulata, 59, 118, 158.
Rothi, 95.
Helix
rotundata, 36, 92, 191.
ruderata, O 222.
ruida, 59, 157.
rufescens, 92,
rufocincta, 95.
Sagraiana, 59, 162, 0 294, 0
314.
Sandiegoneusis, 162.
Scbrenkii, 0 222.
var. sipunculata, 0 239.
solitaria, 115.
spendidula, 0 265.
sportella, 85, 92, 96, 115, 157,
0 209, 0 226, 0 314.
spirnlata, 0 186, 0 265, 0 295,
0314.
stagnalis, P 361.
striatella, 95, 116.
strigosa, 115, 157, 0 209, 0 212,
0 213, 0 314.
Thouarsii, 92, 96, 118, 119.
var. 96.
tenuicostata, 0 294.
Townsendiana, 13, 59, 84, 92,
115, 0 198, 0 210, O 213,
0 226, 0 239, 0 294, 0 314,
V 220.
Traskii, 96, 118, 158.
Tryoni, 95.
tudiculnta, 72, 85, 96, 157, 0
211, 0 233, 0 294, 0 314,
0351.
uncigera, O 187, 0 290, O 295,
0 314.
undata, P 176.
Vancouverensis, 79, 85, 92, 96,
H5, 157, 0 198,0210,0 211,
O 212, O 213, 0 294. 0 314,
V 220.
vecillata, 0 314: [misprint for]
vellicata, 92, 115, 157, O 239.
ventrosula, 0 286, 0 294.
vincta, 158,0203, 0 226, 0 297,
0314.
vittata, 6, 59, P 177.
INDEX OF SPECIE3.
59
Hemicardium
biangulatum, 23, 38, 75, 97, 106,
128, 201.
gramferum, 23.
medium, 38, 201.
obovalo, 155.
Hemifusus
Belclieri, 60.
Heterodonax
bimaculatus, 12, 27, 38, 105,
112, 126, 151.
• vars. 23.
Pacificus, 78.
Hiatella
oblonga, 0 221.
Hiatula
compacta, 151.
Nuttallii, 74.
Hima
dccussata, P 497.
Hinnites
Californiensis, 13.
crassus, 81.
giganteus, 8, 13, 14, 20, 22, 25,
26, 81, 131, 151, 169, 0 164,
O 193, 0 233, 0 290, 0 312,
0350,0351.
Nicklinianns, 13.
Nuttalli, 0 193.
Poulsoni, 8, 13, 131, 0 193,
O 233, 0 290.
Hipponyx
antiquatus, 27, 108, 140, 194,
O 255, O 324, 0 363, 0 365,
P 296, P 297, P 298, R 3.
australis, 0 236, 0 255, P 299,
P 538, R 3-
barbatus, 24, 37, 108, 140, 194,
195, O 255, 0 275, O 324,
0 366, P 299, R 3, R 4.
barbatus, var. costellatus, R 4.
eranioides, 114, 239.
crispus, P 299, R 4.
effodiens, R 5.
foliaceus, 0 239, 0 255, P 296,
P 546, R 3.
Hipponyx
Gray anus, 24, 27, 37, 108, 194,
O 184, 0 193, 0 200, 0 230,
0 255, 0 275, 0 282, O 353,
0 360, 0 361, 0 366, P 299,
R4, R5.
mitralis, P 297.
mitrula, 0 226, 0 324, O 363,
P 297, R 3.
Panamensis, 0 255, O 275, O
324, 0 363, P 297, R 3.
planatus, 140, 0 255, 0 284,
0 324, P 298.
radiatus, 194, 0 184, 0 200,
0 230, 0 255, 0 275, P 299, R 4.
serratus, 27, 98, 140, 195, 256,
O 226, 0 236, 0 239, 0 255,
0 324, 0 364, P 296, P 297,
P 300, P 549, R 3, R 5.
subrufus, 37, 194, 282, 0 230,
0 275, 0 363, R 4.
tessellatus, P 90, P 549.
tuberculatus, R 4.
lumens, 23, 27, 140, 282.
Homalopoma
sanguineum, 23, 74, 113.
Hyala
rotundata, 104, 217.
Hyalaea
tridentata, 132.
Hydrobia
compacta, 104, 217.
stagnalis, P 361.
ulvse, 20, 142, 0 257, 0 327,
0 366, P 361.
lanacus
Lessonii, 0 2, P 280.
squama, 0 2, P 280.
unguiculus, P 281.
unguiformis, P 284.
lanthina
bifida, P 185.
communis, 74, 0 366, P 186.
decollata, 52, 107, O 251, 0 316,
0 364, P 187.
60
INDEX OF SPECIES.
lanthina
fragilis, 52, 186, 0 364, P 185.
globosa, 52, 0 251, P 187.
pallida, 0 366.
prolongata, 74, 0 251, 0 364,
0 366, P 185, P 187.
striolata, 52.
striulata, 31, 52, 0 251, 0 316,
O 364, 0 366, P 185.
var. contorta, 0 251, P
186.
Iberus
Gaulterianus, P 247.
sportella, 157.
Imperator
olivaceus, P 227.
serratus, 98, 138.
unguis, 29.
Infundibulum
Califoruicum, 40, O 286, P
265.
cliloromplialus, 40.
Gabiotense, 82.
radians, P 264.
lopas
sertura, P 489.
Iphigenia
altior, 23, 27, 202, 0 245, 0 304,
P42.
laevigata, O 245, 0 304, 0 366,
P 42, P 548.
Iphinoe
coronata, 72.
Isapis
fenestrata, 99, 114, 142, 241.
maculosa, 0 257, 0 327, P 247,
P355-
obtusa, 99, 142.
ovoidea, 142, 241, 0 230, 0 326,
P 355, P 356, U 205.
Ischnochiton
Beanii, 108.
Elenensis, 38, 39, 104, 266.
ror. expressus, 38, 266.
flectens, 89, 92.
Gothicus, 98.
Iscnnochiton
limaciformis, 63, 108.
Magdalensis, 18, 107, 135, 151,
266.
Mertensii, 89.
Nuttallii, 113.
parallelus, 104, 212, 213.
pectiuatus, 98.
(?yar.) prasiuatus, 104, 213.
pseudodeutieus, 16, 92, 98.
retiporosus, 89.
sanguineus, 266.
scabricostatus, 98.
serratus, 104, 213.
trifidus, 89.
veredentiens, 98, 135.
Isognomon
Chemnitzianus, 24, 27, 107, 199,
0 249, 0 297, 0 311, 0 352,
o 363, o 365, P 150-
var. 199.
Chemnitzii, P 151: [=-anus.]
costellatus, 107, 0 349, V 219.
flexuosus, 0 311, 0 363.
incisus, 107.
Janus, 107, 0 250, 0 311, P
IS*-
perna, P 150.
Janira
bella, 80.
deutata, 14, 27, 81, 98, 107, 131,
153-
Estrellana, 81.
excavata, 131, 153.
Jefifreysia
Alderi, 109, 143, 0 257, 0 327,
P362.
bifasciata, 109, 0 257, 0 327,
0 366, P 362, P 363.
opalina, 0 366.
translucens, 99, 143.
lumens, 0 257, 0 327, P 366.
Jouannettia
Darwinii, 251.
pectinata, 121.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
61
Katharina
Douglasiae, 9, 134, 0 192,0 288,
0318,0348.
subinarinorea, O 318.
tuuicata, 26, 134, 0 318.
Kellia
(var.) Chironii, 99, 113, 129.
Laperousii, 15, 26, 88, 129, 304,
305, 0 308, 0 349-
( rar.) Chironii, 304.
pulchra, 0 295.
rotundata, 129, 305.
rubra, P 108.
suborbicularis, 39, 88, 97, 106,
129, 155, 1 68, 303,305, 0 208,
0 248, 0 297, 0 308, 0 365,
0 366, P 105.
ventricosa, 0 280.
Kennerlia
bicarinata, 80,97, 124, 232.
filosa, 88, 124, 231.
glacialis, 231, 232.
Lacuna
var. aurantia, 142.
carinata, 17, 118, 142, 240, 0
209,0 2ii,0 213, 0 327,0
348.
decorata, 114, 142, 240.
var. effnsa, 114, 142, 240.
var. exsequata, 114, 142, 240.
glacialis, 0 220, 0 223.
pallidula, P 252.
porrecta, 114, 142, 240.
puteolus, 0 240.
solidula, 17, 25, 142, 240, 322.
(?solidula, var.) corapacta, 114,
240.
unifasciata, 23, 142, 0 228, 0
230, 0 327.
variegata, 114, 142, 240.
vincta, 89, 142, 169.
Laevicardium. See Liocardium.
Lagena
California, 0 286.
Lagena
Wiegmanni, P 455.
Laminaria
digitata, Q 236, Q 237.
Lanistes
discors, 70.
laevigata, 70.
Lasaea
oblouga, 0 248, 0 308, P 109.
rubra, 30, 88, 97, 106, 129, 169,
O 248, 0 308, 0 366, P 108.
trigonalis, 0 248, 0 308, P 109.
Lasea. See Lasaea.
Lathirus
armatus, 0 287, O 297, O 338.
Californictis, 0 338.
castaneus, 24, 48, 154, 183,
0 282, 0 338.
ceratus, 24, no, 183, 0 261,
0338, 036i, P 457.
concentricus, 0 282, 0 338.
gracilis, S 166.
Knorrii, 0 364.
nodatus, 0 338.
rudis, 24, 183, O 338.
spadiceus, 183, 0 338.
tuberculatus, 24, 61, 0 282,
0338,0361, 0364, P 457.
tumens, O 284, 0 338, S 166.
varicosus, 0 338, 0 361.
Lathyrus. See Lathirus.
Latirus. See Lathirus.
Latyrus. See Lathirus.
Lavignon
larnellosa, P 29.
Lazaria
affinis, 14, 23.
Californica, 27, 30, 106.
pectunculus, 153.
subquadrata, 22, 113, 128, 280.
Leda
arctica, 70.
cselata, 22, 130.
costellata, 0311.
commutata, 130.
cuneata, 98, 130.
62
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Leda
eburnea, 46.
Elenensis, 24, 200, 0 249,0 311,
P H5, P 53°.
fossa. 88, 91, 130.
foveata, 91.
gibbosa, 0 311.
hamata, 98, 130.
Hindsii, 41.
impressa, 0 367.
inornata, 130.
lyrata, 46.
minuta, 71, 89, 130, 169.
ininuta, var. 71.
pernula, 130.
polita, 24, 200, 311.
Sowerbiana, 46.
Taylori, 41, 46.
Leiosolenus
spatiosus, 0 249, 0 310, P 130,
p 550.
Leiostraca. See Liostraca.
Leiostracus
Mexicanus, P 177.
Ziegleri, P 177.
Lepas
alba, P 297.
Lepeta
Candida, 71.
caecoides, 89, 137, 169.
Lepidopleurus
Adauisii, 37, 265, 266.
Beanii, 0 252, O 317, P 197.
bullatus, 0 252, 0317,? 195-
var. calciferus, 0 252,
P 196.
clathratus, 0 252, 0 317, P 195-
limaciformis, 0 317.
MacAndrese, 0 252, O 317, P
196, P 197.
Maedalensis, 0 317.
Mertensii, 89, 135.
ppctinatus, 89, 135.
regularis, 135.
sanguineus,0 252,0317,? 194,
P 195, P 196.
Lepidopleurus
scabricostatus, 98, 135.
tenuisculptus, 37, 39, 266.
Lepralia
adpressa, 256, 0 244, 0 298, P
5-
atrofusca, 0 243, 0 298, P 3.
cucullata, P 3.
hippocrepis, 0 244, 0 298, P 4.
humilis, 0 244, 0 298, P 5.
inarginipora, 0 244, 0 298, P 4.
Mazatlanica, 0 243, 0 298, P 3.
rostrata, O 243, 0 298, P 4.
trispiuosa, 0 243, 0 298, P 3.
Leptinaria
Elisae, 44.
Emraelinse, 44.
Leptochiton
cinereus, 92.
interstinctus, 16.
lividus, 0 317.
Mertensii, 0 317, 0 349.
nexus, 98, 136.
proprius, 0 317.
scrobiculatus, 0 317, 0 349.
Leptoconchus
monodonta, 63.
Leptoconus
gladiator, P 405.
puncticulatus, P 404.
purpurascens, P 402.
regularis, P 402.
regalitalis, P 403.
Lepton
clementinuni, 0 248, 0 308, P
no, P in.
dionamm, 0 248, O 308, P in.
meroeura, 97, 129.
placunoidenm, P in.
umbonatum, 0 248, O 308, P
in.
Leptonyx
bacula, 98, 138.
sanguineus, 113, 138.
Leptoxis
fusca, 163.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
63
Leptoxis
Nuttallii, 162.
vireus, 162.
Lesoea. See Lasaea.
Leuchochila
chordata, 158.
Leucozonia
Californica, O 297.
cingulata, 24, 28, 151, 180, 0
171, 0 231, 0 235, 0 261,
0 338, P 457-
Levenia
coarctata, 24, 27, no.
Levicardium. See Liocardium.
Lima
angulata, 24, 154, 199, 0 185,
0 189, 0 229, 0 277, 0 284,
0 311.
arcuata, 107, 199, 0 189, 0 277,
OS", 0359.
dehiscens, 98, 131.
fragilis, 107.
gigantea, 8.
hians, 131.
orientalis, 98, 131.
Paeifica, 199,0277 0311,0359.
squamosa, 21,47,69, 107,0222.
var. tenera, 131.
tetrica, 21, 27, 69, 107, 0 227,
0 234,0 311,0 352, V203.
Limacina
artica, 0 218, 0 221, 0 223.
helicialis, 0 221.
Limatula
subauriculata, 98, 131.
Limax
Columbianus, 85, 159, 0 210,
0213,0313.
foliolatus, 0 213.
Limnophysa
Adelinse, 160.
bulimoides, 160.
catascopium, 160.
etnarginata, 160.
ferruginea, 160.
pallida, 160.
Limnophysa
palustris, 160.
proxima, 160.
reflexa, 159.
solida, 1 60.
Sumassii, 159.
Traskei, 160.
Limnea
Adelinse, 160.
apicina, 160, 0 210, 0 316.
appressa, 159.
auricularia, 0 222.
bulimoides, 116, 160.
cataracta, 93.
catascopium. 160.
cornea, 160.
desidiosa, 93, 116.
elodes, 90, 160.
elongata, 159.
emarginata, 85, 160.
exigua, 120.
exilis, 159.
expansa, 160.
ferruginea, 160, 0 265, 0 316,
fragilis, 116, 159, 160.
Gebleri, 0 222.
Haydeni, 159.
humilis, 1 16.
jugularis, 85, 159.
lepida, 159,0 209, 0 213.
leucostorna, 0 222.
megasoina, 93.
Nuttalliana, 160, 0 198, 0 316,
V 220.
Ontariensis, 160.
pallida, 120, 160.
palustris, 90, 116, 160, 169,
0 222.
pinguis, 1 60.
plebeia, 160.
proxima, 120, 160.
reflexa, 159.
sericata, 160.
serrata, 160.
solida, 1 60.
speciosa, 159.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Limnea
atagnalis, 93, 159, 0 222.
Sumassii, 90, 159.
Traskei, 160.
truncatula, 0 222.
umbrosa, 85, 159, 0 210, 0 316.
ventricosa, 0 213.
Virginiana, 160.
Limnaea. See Limnea.
Limnaeus. See Limnea.
Limaea
subauriculata, 169.
Lingula
albida, 122, 0 207, 0 298.
Liocardium
apicinum, 23, 104, 211, 261.
crueritatum, 128.
elatum, 27, 97, 128, 152, 0 248.
Elenense, 170.
Mortoni, 168.
substriatum, 21, 128, 168, 170.
Lioconcha . .
hieroglypica, 101.
Liostraca
distorta, 0 335, 0 363, 0 366,
P44L
var. yod, 0 260, P 441.
fulvocincta, P 440.
involuta, 193.
iota, 33, 37,0 335, P44I.
? var. retexta, 0 260, P
440.
linearis, 193, 0 260, P 440.
producta, 33, 193, 260.
recta, 33, 193, 260, 0 260, 0 335,
P439-
retexta, 33, 37, 39, 192.
solitaria, 33, 193, 260, 0 260,
0 335, P 439-
Liotia
acuticostata, 98, 138.
carinata, 0 253, 0 322, P 248.
C-B-Adatusii, 0 253, 0 322, P
249.
fenestrata, 98, 138.
striulata, 0 253, 0 322, P 248.
Lithodomus
aristatus, 38, 47, 50, P 126.
attenuatus, 38, 47.
calyculatus, 50.
caudigerus, 47, 50, P 127.
var. P 124.
cinnamoraeus, 50, P 129.
cinnamoniinus, 50.
coarctata, 50.
Cumingianus, 50.
faleatus, 50, 0 227, U 202.
Gruneri, 50.
lithophagus, P 127.
pessulatus, 50.
plumula, 38, 50.
var. 50.
subula, 50.
teres, 50.
Lithophagus
aristatus, 23, 107, 199, 0 249,
o 297,0 310,0.363,0 365,
P 126, P 128.
aristatus, var. gracilior, P 129.
aristatus, var. tumidior, P 125,
P 129, 0 249.
attenuatus, 26, 130, 152, 199,
0 233,0 248,0 309, O 351,
P 124, P 127.
calyculatus, 0 249, 0 309, P
124.
caudigerus, 0 363, 0 365.
cinnamomeus, 72, 200, 0 174,
0 234, 0 249, 0 309, 0 363,
P 127, P 129.
dactyl us, 0 174.
falcatas, 0 229, 0 232, 0 234,
U 202.
Gruneri, 0 227, 0 229, 0 232,
0 350, U 202.
Isevigatus, P 125.
plumula, 107, 130, 199, 256,
0 249, 0 310, P 125, P 128.
mgiferus, P 125.
Litiopa
divisa, 0 288,0 350, Q 234.
saxicola, 190, 0 273, P 369, Q 234.
INDEX OP SPECIES.
65
Litorina
aberrans, 60, 0 1 86, 0 326.
angiostotna, 188, 0 273.
angulifera, U 205,
aspera, 24, 152, 188, 0 162,
0 1 86, 0 216, 0 224, 0 230,
0 235, 0 237, 0 257, 0 273,
0 286, 0 326, 0 348, P 348,
P 349, P 350, P 536, P 540-
aspera, var. 0 273, P 349.
atrata, 36, 188, 190, 0 273, 0
326.
castanea, 20.
cincta, 17.
conspersa, 24, 27, 60, 108, 188,
189,0208,0237,0257,0326,
P 346, P 347, P 348, P 349-
var. 0 230, 0 273.
coronata, 0 297, 0 326.
dubiosa, 32, 188.
excavata, 188, 0 273.
fasciata, 27, 152, 188, 189, 0
177, 0 208, 0 237, 0 257, 0
273, 0 296, 0 326, 0 352,
P 35 1, P 540.
foveata, 188, 0 273.
grandis, 19, 0 215, 0 220, 0
223.
Groonlandica, 70.
iostoma, 35.
irrorata, 51.
Kurila, 19, 0 215, 0 220, 0 223,
0 326.
lepida, 17, 142, 0 209, 0 326,
0348.
litoren, 19, 0 176.
maculata, 35.
megasoma, 188, 0 273.
modesta, 51, 84, 0 216, 0 224,
0 237, 0 257, 0 286, 0 326,
P 340, P 347-
var. modesta, 141.
xnuricata, 0 222.
neritoides, 0 222.
parvnla, 32, 36, 188, 0 273, 0
295, 0 326.
5
Litorina
patula, 17,84, 141,0 209, 0 212,
O 213.
Pedroana, 76, 118.
phasianella, 0 273, 0 295.
Philippii, 24, 32, 36, 1 08, 188,
0 257, 0 273, 0 326, 0 364,
P349-
Philippii, var. dubiosa, 0 273.
, var. penicillata, 104, 109,
216.
planaxis, 17, 23, 27, 84, 141, 151,
0 200, O 209, O 212, 0 224,
0 230, 0 235, 0 326, 0 349,
P 348, P 349, V 226.
plena, 17, 71, 76, 79, 142, 0 209,
0 213, 0 326.
pulchra, 48, 61, 189, 0 160, 0
273, 0326, P 351.
pullata, 32, 104, 216.
punctata, P 346.
puncticulata, 189, 0 230, 0 257,
0 273, P 346, P 347.
porcata, O 186, 0 326, 0 360.
pusilla, 0 230.
rudis, 84, 141, 0 222.
scabra, P 351.
scutellata, 0 213, 0 326, 0 348.
scutulata, 17, 23, 84, 142, O
. 209.
Sitchana, 17, 19, 20, 84, 141,
O 216, 0 223, 0 286, 0 326.
squalida, 0 176.
sulcata, 84, 141.
subtenebrosa, 19, 84, 141, 0 215,
0 220, 0 223.
tenebrata, 13, O 200, 0 230, V
226.
varia, 48, 188, 189, 0 273, 0
326.
zebra, P 348.
ziczac. 0 364, P 348.
(ziczac, t-ar.) lineata, 104, 216.
Livona
pica, 0 225, 0 228, 0 321, 0
350.
66
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Livona
picoides, 21, 23, 100, 138.
Lophyrus
Adamsii, 198, 265.
albolineatus, 0 252, O 317, 0
352, P 191, P 193.
articulatus, O 3, 0 251, 0 317,
P 190, P 192, P 193, P 199.
dispar, 6317.
Goodallii, O 317, O 360.
laevigatus, 0 317, 0 352, P 191.
striato-squamosus,0 252,0 317,
P 192, P 196.
Stokesii, 153, 198, 266, 0
3J7.
sulcatus, 0 317, 0 360.
tenuisculptus, 198.
Lottia
conica, 79.
gigantea, 26, 47, 136, 151,309,
P 199.
mitra, 79.
pallida, O 177, 0 199, O 215,
V 222.
patina, 37, 79, 197, 268, 0 252,
0 276, 0>84, P 203.
pintadina, 31, 0 173, 0 209,
0 211, P 203, P 208, V 221.
punctata, 0 174, O 215, P 209,
V222.
scabra, 79, 0 199, O 284, P 209,
V222.
spectrum, 79, O 284.
testudinalis, 0 211.
textilis, 0 209.
viridula, 0 210.
Lucapina
alta, P 221.
crenulata, 27, 45, 76, 137, 151,
O i, 0 174, 0 199, O 320,
0 349, V 223.
insequalis, P 220.
pica, P 220.
Lucina
acutelirata, 97.
acutilineata, 129, 165, 0 367.
Lucina
anuulata, 0 248, 0 289, 0 307,
P 96, P 97.
Artemidis, 128, 0 227, O 308,
U 201.
bella, 102, 128, 151, O 197, 0
234, 0307, 0 351, V 218.
borealis, 97, 129, 168, O 167,
P96.
cselata, 0 248, P 102, P 103.
calculus, 0 187, P 96, P 100.
California, 22, 25, 26, 86, 128,
151,0 197, 0 234, 0 307, 0
35i, V 218.
cancellaris, 106, 0 224, 0 248,
0 307, P 99, P 534-
Candeaua, O 364, P 103.
capax, 39.
carnaria, 0 245, P 40.
Childreui, 8.
commutata, P 99.
cowpressa, 8.
cornea, O 187, P 103.
corrugata, 0 203.
cristata, 14, 0 203, 0 245, P 39.
eburnea, 23, 106', 0 187, O 248,
0 308, P 101.
excavata, 23, 106, 0 248, 0 308,
PgS.
fenestrata, 0 207, 0 297, 0 308.
fibula, 0 187, P 96, P 99.
glacialis, 0 327.
lenticula, 165.
lentilaria, 47.
lingualis, 104, 211.
Mazatlanica, 97, 0 248, 0 307,
P 99, P 530.
muricata, 0 249, 0 307, P 98.
Nuttallii, 78, 128, 0 197, 0 307,
0351, V2i8.
obliqua, 60.
occidentalis, P 96.
orbella, 30, 78, 0 227, 0 229,
0 284, U 202, V 218.
pecten, 0 197, 0 364, P 99.
pecten, var. V 218.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
67
Iiucina
pectinata, 23, 102, 128, 154,
0 248, O 308, 0 364, P 98.
pisum, 60.
prolongata, 0 248, 0 308, P
100.
punctata, 47, O '74, 0 187,
0 232, 0 248, 0 307,0 351,
0 352, P 96, P 97.;
reticulata, P 99.
scabra, 9.
semireticulata, 0 248, P 102.
serricata, P 104.
squamosa, P 99.
telliuoides, 201, 0 279.
tenuisculpta, 88, 97, 128.
tigerina, 63, 153, 0 243, 0 248,
0 282, 0 308, 0 350, 0 363,
P 96, P 97.
undata, 272.
unifasciata, U 205.
Lucinopsis
subquadrata, P 62.
undata, Q 231.
Lunatia
algida, 17,0336,0348.
aperta, 71.
Bonplandi, 0 337.
caurina, 9, 147, 0 336, 0 348.
flava, 0 336.
Gallapagosa, 0 337, 0 360.
herculaea, 17, 147, 0 336, 0
348.
heros, 168.
impervia, 0 336.
Lewisii, 17, 23, 25, 82, 101, 147,
1 68, 0 336.
lurida, 0 337.
otis, 0 337, 0 360.
pallida, 71, H7, l69-
pallidoides, 71.
ravida, 60.
septentrionalis, 71.
soluta, 9, 147.
tenuilirata, 214, 0 261, 0 337,
P451-
Luponia
albuginosa, 27, 32, 109.
fimbriolata, 154.
nigropunctata, 0 328, 0 360.
semipolita, 154.
Sowerbyi, 27, 109.
spadicea, 9, 23, 143.
spurca, 32, 0 328.
Lutraria
caualiculata, 0 211.
capax, 11, 86, 0 209, 0 213,
0 219.
carinata, 0 211.
elegans, 204, 0 280.
inflata, 0 296.
lineata, 61.
maxima, n, 17, 86, 0 192, 0
209, 0 219, 0 224, 0 300.
nasuta, 0 232.
Nuttallii, 61, 69.
papyria, 81. .
transmontana, 81.
Traskei, 76.
undulata, 0 211, 0 227, 0 232,
0 280, U 200.
veutricosa, 29, 0 211, 0 227,
0 232,0 246, P 51, P 548, U
200.
Lutricola
alta, 22, 80, 81, 125, 301.
Dombeyi, 40, 301.
ephippium, 301.
viridotincta, 105.
Lymneea. See Limnea.
Lyonsia
arenosa, 73.
bracteata, 124, 0 300.
Californica, 22, 26, 124, 167,
0 194, 0 226, 0 300, O 349,
0 351, U 199, V 211.
cuneata, Q, 229.
diaphana, 40, 0 284, 0 287,
0 301, Q 228.
flabellata, 73.
Floridana, 119, 124, 169.
gibbosa, 0 222.
68
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Lyonsia
hyalina, 20, 167, O 194.
infiata, 40, 105, 0 193.
naviuula, 73, 91.
nitida, 124, 0 194, 0 297,0 300,
U 199, V 211.
Norvegica, 20, 71, 73, 0 219,
0 222, O 223.
picta, 105, 0 184, 0 245, 0 301,
0 358, 0 364, P 26.
plicata, 0 364.
saxicola, 91.
striata, 0 222.
ventricosa, 73.
Lyria
Cumingii, 40.
harpa, 24, 40.
Machaera
costata, 20, 73, 87, O 219, 0 222,
0 223, 0 301.
lucida, 72, 124, O 195, O 301,
V 211.
maxima, 0 195.
Nuttalli, 5, O 349.
patnla, 12, 20, 22, 26, 72, 87,
124, 154, 251.
sodalis, 73.
Mac o ma
calcarea, 70, 125.
concinna, 202.
crassula, 235.
Dombeyi, 202.
edentula, 12, 70, 113, 125.
edulis, 12, 86, 125.
(fivzr.) expansa, 88, 125.
Fabricii, 125.
fragilis, 125.
fusca, 167.
inconspicua, 12, 18, 20, 86, 125,
167.
indentata, 97, 125.
inquinata, II, 80, 97, 125, 168.
lata, 70, 88, 125.
nasuta, 20, 22, 26, 71, 125.
proxima, 70, 88.
Macotna
secta, 12, 22, 26, 86, 125, 151.
solidula, 39, 125,204.
sordida, 70.
Suesoni, 70.
teiiera, O 221.
tersa, 125.
yoldiforuris, 88, 97, 125.
Macro ceramus
polystreptus, 45.
Macrocyclis
Newberryana, 157.
(?rar.) sportella, 157.
Vancouverensis, 157.
Macron
Kellettii, 40, 102, 150, 151.
lividus, 100, 150, 151.
Mactra
alata, P. 50.
albaria, 76.
angnlata, 0 229, 0 246, 0 282,
0 289, 0 297, 0 304, P 52,
S 161.
augusta, O 287, 0 289, 0 304.
Brasiliana, 0 211, 0 246, P 51.
Californica, 26, 0 196, 0 229,
0 232, 0 287, 0 289, 0 304,
0 349, V 214.
canaliculata, 0 364.
carinata, 0 364, P 50.
carinulata, 0 289, P 52.
Diegoana, 76.
donaciformis, 0 289.
elegans, 0 174, 0 227, 0 280,
O 282, O 284, 0 289, 0 304,
0 352, 0 364, U 200.
exoleta, O 208, 0 211, 0 227,
0 232, 0 246, O 280, 0 364,
P 50, P 51, P 52, U 200, V
214.
falcata, 0 209. 0 232, 0 304.
fragilis, 0 243, 0 246, 0 304,
0363, P 5'-
Gabiotensis, 82.
goniata, 0287,0304, P 52.
laciniata, 0 284, 0 304, S 161.
INDEX OP SPECIES.
Mactra
maxima, 0 192.
'mendica, 0 227, P 549, U 200.
modesta, 152.
nasuta, 0 211, 0 232,0 304,
0352.
Nuttallii, 0 194.
oblonga, 0 246, P 51.
ovalina, 0 246, P 51.
ovalis, 0 219, 0 221, 0 223,
0 304.
pallida, 0 175, 0 304.
planulata, 25, 0 196, 0 304,
0 349, V 214.
ponderosa, 0 221.
similis, 0 178, 0 192, 0 221.
stultorum, P 531.
subglobosa, 0 1/5.
undulata, U 200.
velata, 204, 0 280, 0 295, 0 304.
Mactrella
alata, 154.
exoleta, 29, 126, 204.
carinata, 154.
lacinata, 0 284, S 161.
Maera
Gouldii, 301.
salmonea, 113, 125, 235.
Malea
crassilabris, 0 171,0 178, 0" 238,
0 269.
latilabris, 0 171, 0 238, 0 269,
O 292, 0 337.
riugens, 24, 34, 80, no, 152,
153, 166, 179, 0 171, O 238,
O 282,0 288, 0337.
riugens, var. 0 238.
Mamma
uberina, P 452.
Mangelia
acuticostata, 36, 184, O 284,
0332, P40i, S 162.
acuticostata, var. subangulata,
O 259, P 400.
albolaqueata, 273.
angulata, 23, 89, 144, 284.
Mangelia
attenuata, 144.
cerea, 24, 294.
concinna, 0 332.
crebricostata, 114, 144, 242.
exigua, 184.
gemmulosa, 184.
hamata, 24, 293, 294.
interfossa, 114, 144, 242.
levidensis, 89, 144.
neglecta, 36, 184, 0 272, 0 332,
P 401, S 163.
plumbea, 0 332.
pulchella, 24.
rigida, S 163.
var. fuscoligata, 0 284,
S 163, S 164.
septangularis, 144
striosa, 0 284,8 163.
subdiaphana, 24, 104, 154, 218.
sulcata, 34, 259.
sulcosa, 185, 0 272, 0 332.
tabulata, 114, 144, 242.
variegata, 23, 144, 284.
(?variegata, var.) nitens, 144,
284.
Margarita
acuminata, 47.
acuticostata, 98, 139.
albula, 73.
arctica, 19, 73, 322, O 216,
O 220, 0 223, 0 321.
argeutata, 71.
calostorna, 18, 40, 139, 0 286,
O 321.
cidaris, 113, 139, 238.
var. conica, 139.
costellata, 18, 40, 47, 92.
Groenlandica, 0 216.
helicina, 71, 113, 139, 169, 0
216.
Hillii, 28, 0 240.
iantbina, 73.
inflata, 89, 139.
lirulata, 82, 139.
mustelina, 73.
70
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Margarita
obscura, 70.
var. obsoleta, 139.
pupil la, 25, 40, 47, 92, 98, 139.
pnrpurata, 28, 0 240.
pusilla, 89.
(? 'var.) salmonea, 98, 139.
Schantarica, 73.
sordida, 0 216.
striata, 47, 71, 0 176, 0 216,
0 223, 0 321.
var. subelevata, 139.
sulcata, 0 216, O 223, O 321.
var. tenuisculpta, 89, 139.
urnbilicalis, 0 176.
undulata, 47, 98, 139.
Vahlii, 89, 139, 169.
Margaritana
margaritifera, 85, 116, 120, 164.
Margaritiphora
albina, P 149.
barbata, 199.
firnbriata, 27, 50, 107, 153, 199,
O 161, O 249, O 277, O 282,
03", P 550.
margaritifera, P 149.
Mazatlanica, 199, O 249, O 296,
0 311, P 149, P 196.
radiata, P 149.
Marginella
ccerulea, 0 363 : [should be — ]
coerulescens, 15, 24, 35, 177,
0 189, O 339, O 365.
curta, 0 296, O 339.
cypneola, 45, 0 267, O 285,
0339-
glans, 15, 177.
graitum, 0 267
imbricata, O 2262 0 285, O 297,
339-
Jewettii, 23, 147, 287, O 228,
0 339, 0 349, U 207.
Lavalleana, P 461.
margaritula, 0 261, 0 339,
0 364, P 462.
minima, O 364, P 461.
Marginella
minor, no, 147, 177, 0 261,
O 267, 0 339, 0 364, P 461.
ovuliformis, 0 261, 0 364, P 462.
polita, 23, 24, 0 261, 0 339,
P462.
prunuin, 7, 15, 177, 0 189, 0
206, O 282, 0 339, 0 363,
0365.
regularis, 23, 147, 287.
sapotilla, 15, 35, 177, O 189,
0 206, 0 231, 0 267, 0 282,
0 339, O 363-
subtrigona, 23, 147, 287.
Marinula
Recluziana, 0 275.
Marmorostoma
planospira, 35.
undulata, 10.
Martesia
intercalata, 114, 123, 151,0244,
0 299, P 13.
Megalomastoma
simulacrum, 45.
Meioceras. See Mioceras.
Melampus
acutus, 0 315.
Adamsianus, S 161.
bidentatus, P 178.
Bridgesii, O 284, O 315, S 161.
concinuus, 0 315.
fasciatus, 44.
infrequens, O 315.
olivaceus, 107, 133, 151, 159,
O 233,0 251,0 284,0 315,
O 351, P 178.
Panamensis, O 315.
stagnalis, 0 315.
Tabogensis, 0 315.
trilineatus, O 315.
Melania
bulbosa, 163, O 209, 0 325.
Buschiana, 51.
exigua, 163, O 283.
fnsca, 163.
Gouldii, O 325.
INDEX OP SPECIES.
n
Melania
Largillierti, 0 265.
' maxima, 0 286.
Menkeana, 163.
Newberryi, 120, 163.
nigrina, 51, 120, 163.
occata, 120,0 206, 0 211,0 325.
plicata, 0 211, O 325.
plicifera, 18, 84, 92, 116, 163,
0 210, 0 213, 0 325.
polygonata, 0 286.
rudens, 92.
seuiinalis, 120.
Scipio, 51.
Shastaensis, 120, 163.
Shortaensis, 84.
silicula, 84, 92, 163, 0 209,
0325-
siliqua, 0 209.
striata, 6, 162.
subnodosa, 0 265.
Wahlamatensis, 163, 0 211,
0325-
Wavderiana, 163.
Melaraphe
fast-iata, P 351.
phasianella, 31, 37, 192.
Meleagrina
fimbriata, O 296, P 550.
Mazatlanica, P 149, P 151.
Melongena
occidentalls, 35.
Membranipora
calpensis, P 2.
denticulata, O 243, 0 298, P I.
Flemingii, 34, 256.
gothica, 0 243, 0 298, P 2.
Lacroixii, P 2.
Rozieri, P 2.
Savartii, P 2.
Menetus
opercularis, 161.
Mercenaria
Ducatellii, 77.
orientalis, 69.
perlaminosa, 77.
Mercenaria
Stimpsoni, 69, 73.
Meretrbc
Californiana, 75«
Dariena, 77.
impudica, P 70.
petichialis, P 70.
Poulsoni, 75.
Tularena, 75.
uniomeris, 75.
Uvasana, 75.
Mesalia
lac tea, 89, 141.
lacteola, 89, 93, 141, 166, 169.
subplanata, 89, 141.
tenuisculpta, 98, 141.
Mesembrinus
excelsus, 158.
inscendens, 158.
pallidior, 158.
Mesodesma
rubrotinctum, 78.
Mesodon
Columbianus, 157.
devius, 157.
Meta
cedonulli, 53.
coniformis, 53.
Dupontiae, 53.
ovuloides, 53.
Metula
Hindsii, 0 342.
Miltha
Children!, 106.
Mioceras
cornubovis, X 439, X 443.
cornucopias, X 429, X 439, X
440, X 443.
nitidum, X 438, X 443.
Miodon
orbicularis, 236.
prolongatus, 97, 113, 128, 168,
236.
Miralda
lac n n at a, 33, P 414.
quinquecincta, 33, P 414.
72
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Miralda
scalariformis, 33, P 413.
Mitra
amphorella, P 461.
attenuata, 0 188, 0 339.
auriculoides, 0 231.
babea, 0 171, O 339.
Belcheri, 0 2o5, 0 339.
Chilensis, 13, 147.
crassideus, 0 175.
crenata, no.
Dapontii, 0 231, 0 239, 0 261,
P466.
effusa, O 185, O 338.
foraminata, 0 231.
funiculata, 24, 177, 0 267, 0
339-
gausapata, O 186, 0 339, 0 361.
grannlosa, 177, O 364.
gratiosa, 0 186, 0 339, 0 361
Haneti, 62.
Hindsii, O 207, O 208, 0 339.
lens, 24, 28, 177, 0 231, O 239,
0 261, 0 267, 0 338, P 460,
P545-
maura, 13, 147, 170, O 201,
O 338, 0 349, V 227.
xnnricata, 0 339, O 361.
nucleola, 24, no, 177, O 267,
O 338, 0 364.
orientalis, 13, 147.
pica, 0 231.
solitaria, no, 177, 0 267, O 284,
0339-
sulcata, 0 188.
tristis, 177, 0 185,0 267, P 461.
Mitrella
cribraria, P 487.
Mitromorpha
aspera, 144.
filosa, 144, 284.
effusa, 144.
Modelia
striata, 118, 240.
Modiola
Adamsiana, 38.
Modiola
attenuata. P 124.
Brasiliensis, 18, 23, 38, 47, 50,
152, 153, 199, 0 248, 0 277,
0 309, 0 363, P 121, P 122,
P55°-
Brasiliensis, var. mutabilis, 0
248, P 122.
Californiensis, 0 174.
capax, 23, 27,38, 50, 78, 85, 107,
129, 152, 153, 199, 0 197,
0 232, 0 236, O 241, 0 248,
0 282, 0 284, O 296, 0 351,
0 352,0 353,0 358,0 361,
0 366, P 121, V 218.
caudigera, 0 249, P 127.
Chenuana, P 123.
cinnamomea, 63, P 129.
contracta, 76.
cultellns, 0 203, 0 223.
discrepans, 0 211.
divaricata, 0 234.
elongata, 0 211, 0 309.
flabellata, 13, 18,' 85, 0 213,
0309.
var. 130.
flabellum, 0 234.
fornicata, 22, 129, 280.
Gibbsii, 0 218.
grandis, 0 218.
Guyanensis, 0 248, P 122.
inodiolus, 22, 26, 85, 129, 169,
0 218, 0 223, 0 309, 0 366,
P 121.
nigra, 0 223.
nitens, 21, 50, 102, 0 227, 0
309, 0 349.
opifex, 123.
papuana, 0 218.
plumula, P 125.
recta, 13, 18, 22, 76, 129, 0 197,
0 229, 0 349, V 218.
semifusca, 38, 47, 199, 0 248,
0 277, P 122.
semilsevis, 0 236, P 539.
spinifera, P 121.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Modiola
subparpurea, 21, 50.
'sulcata, P 119.
vernicosa, 0 223.
vulgaris, 0 211.
Modiolaria
corrugata, 71.
discors, 0 218.
Ijevigata, 88, 130, 169, 0 218.
lacvis, 0 218.
marmorata, 88, 130, 169.
nigra, 71, 0 218, 0 221.
vernicosa, 0 218, 0 221.
Modulus
carchedonicus, 0 286, 0 364,
P 352.
catenulatus, 27, 109, 191, 0 230,
0 233, 0 257, 0 274, 0 326,
0 364, P 353.
cerodes, 152.
disculus, 27, 36, 192, 0 202,
0 225, 0 226, 0 230, 0 233,
0 257, O 326, 0 364, P 353,
U 205.
dorsuosus, 21, 0 226, 0 228,
0 230, 0 257, 0 326, P 353,
11205.
duplicatus, 0 226.
var. 0 257, P 253.
lenticularis, 21, 0 226.
lividus, 0 274.
trochiformis, 0 202, 0 257, P
352.
unidens, P 352.
fMormula ., :
unifasciata, 33, P 433.
Monoceros
brevidens, 13, 149, 0 201, 0
285, O 340, \7 229.
brevidentatum, 25, 179, 0 191,
0 231, 0 235, 0 269, 0 283,
0341.
cingulatum, 29, 48, 180, 0 171,
0 188, 0 238, 0 269, P 457,
P 458, P 542.
cornigeruin, 0 341.
Monoceros
crassilabrum, 0 171, 0 235.
cyinatum, 48, 0 174, 0 177,
0 235, 0 285, 0 294.
engonatuin. 83, 102, 149, 0 201,
0 340, 0 349, V 228.
globulus, 0 235.
grande, 0 177, 0 188, 0 204, 0
294, 0 341, 0 361.
lapilloides, 13, 83, 149, 0 201,
0 231, 0 340, 0 349, V 229.
Ingubre, 10, 14, 48, 76, 151, 153,
0 177, 0 178, 0 285, 0 294,
0 341.
var. 152.
maculatum, 0 177, 0 201, 0
341, V 229.
muricatura, 0 191,0 234,0 238,
P 458, P 476, P 542.
plumbeum, 35.
punctatum, 83, 149, 0 177, 0
201, 0 231, 0 235, 0 293,
V229.
punctulatum, 0 201, V 229.
?var. spiratum, 149.
tuberculatuin, 0 234, 0 341,
0352.
unicarinatum, 83, 149, 0 201,
0 231, 0 235, 0 285, 0 293,
V 229.
Monodonta
carchedonia, P 352.
catenulata, 0 238.
fusca, 35.
modulus, P 353.
pyriformis, 0 228, U 204.
Sayii, 0 286.
Montacuta
chalcedonica, 34, 0 354, P
53i.
dionsea, 257.
divaricata, 73.
elliptica, 0 248, 0 308, P 113.
obtusa, 34, 257.
subquadrata, 0 248, 0 308, P
113, P 114.
74
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Mopalia
acuta, 134.
Blainvillei, 0 318, 0 351.
Grayii, 89, 134.
Hindsii, 13, 26, 89, 92, 0 318.
imporcata, 89, 134.
lignosa, 40, 134.
Merckii, 134.
Montereyeueis, 19, 134.
muscosa, 23, 26, 92, 134.
Simpsonii, 134, 0 3i8,.0 349.
sinuata, 89, 134.
Stimpsoni, 72.
(?rar.) Swauii, 113, 134, 238.
vespertina, 134, O 318, 0 348.
Wosnesseuskii, 134.
Morrisia
Hornii; 118.
Mormus
pilula, 158.
sufflatus, 158.
Morum
xantliostoma, 0 287.
Morvilia
zonata, 71.
Mouretia
Peruviana, 9.
stellata, 0 185.
Mucronalia
involuta, 33, 259, P 439.
solitaria, 33, 37.
Mulinia
angulata, 23, 27, 76, 106, 204,
0 246, 0 280, P 52.
carinulata, 152.
densata, 80.
donaciforaiis, 204, 0 246, 0 280,
P S2, P 549-
exalbida, 0 295.
ventricosa, 204, 0 246, 0 280,
P5i.
Mumiola
uodosa, 33, P 417.
oblonga, 33, P 418.
ovata, 33, 39, P 417.
rotundata, 33, P 418.
Murex
acanlliopterus, 0 177.
aculeatus, 0 179, 0 188, 0 238,
0 271, P 527.
alatus, 0 173, 0 177.
alveatus, 0 188, P 527.
ambiguus, 0 177, 0 237, 0 238,
0 264, 0 271, P 521, P 543.
amplustris, 4.
anceps, 0 182.
argus, 4, 0 177.
argus, var. P 455.
armatus, 0 226, 0 287, 0 344.
Belcheri, 1 5, 60, 182, 0 205, 0351.
bicolor, 119,0 172,0 234,0 235,
0 238, 0 264, 0 352, P 524,
P 525, P 543-
var. 45.
Boivinii, 0 182, 0 293.
brassica, 0 174, 0 176, 0 177,
0 234, 0 236, .0 238, 0 264,
P 523, P 537, P 543-
Californicns, 0 205.
centrifuga, 99, 0 205.
ceratus, 0 179, P 457-
olathratus, 0 217.
corneus, 0 217.
corrugatus, 0 294.
crassispina, P 518.
crispatus, 5, 8.
dubius, 182, 0 179, 0 1 88, 0
238, 0 271, P 526, P 543.
ducalis, 0 176, 0 236, 0 238,
0 264, P 523.
erinaceus, .P 528.
erinaceoides, 0 172, P 527.
var. indentatus, 0 264.
erosus, 182,0 182, 0 271, 0 345*
0364.
erythrostoma, 45, 0 238, 0 264,
P 524.
ferrugineus, 7, 0 173, 0 217.
festivus, 83, 0 205.
fimbriatus, 0 287.
foliatus,3,5,6, 83,0 173, 0 177,
0 235, 0 241, 0 293.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Murex
foveolatus, 0 205.
funiculatus, P 519, P 520.
glouius, 4, 5-
hamatns, 0 208.
hippocastanurn, 0 264, P 524.
horridus, 0 182, 0 293, 0 345.
humilis, 0 208.
imperialis, 45, 0 178, P 524.
incisus, 0 208.
lactuca, 7, 0 173, 0 217, 0 223.
var. 0 173.
lappa, 0 182, 0 238, 0 264,
P 526, P 543-
lima, 61.
lividus, 0 345.
lyratus, 5.
macropterus, 0 203.
melanoleucus, 42.
melanoinathos, 6, 0 271.
messorius, 0 238, 0 264, 0 294,
0364, P5i9, P 520, P 543-
var. P 519.
miliaris, P 485.
inonoceros, 0 201, 0 293.
monodon, 83, 0 173, 0 174,
0177,0217, 0 223.
montacilla, 0 294.
multico^tatus, 7, 0 173, 0 217.
nigrescens, 25, 0 264, 0 294,
P5i9, P520.
nigritus, 60, 0 177, 0 237, 0
238, 0 264, 0 354, P 521,
P 523, P 530, P 543-
var. 0 238.
nitidus, O 182, 0 264, P 523.
nodatus, 10.
nucleus, O 182, 0 345, O 361.
Nuttalli, 0 201, 0 231, 0 293.
mix, 0 191, 0 287, P484.
oxyacantha, 0 182, 0 208, 0 294.
pauxillus, 0 264, 0 287, P
528.
peritus, O 205.
Peruvianus, 7.
phyliopterus, 48, 0 177.
Murex
pinniger, 0 235.
plicatus, 28, 112, 0 185, 0 234,
0 263, 0 345, 0 352, P 518.
pomum, var. 45.
ponderosus, 119.
princeps, 0 264, P 124, P 523,
P525-
pumilus, 0 182, 0 345, 0 361.
purpura, 4, 5, 0 177, P 485.
radix, 6, 182, 0 174. O 177,
0 271, 0 283, P 521, P 522.
radicatus, 0 205, 0 264, P 526.
rectirostris, 182, 0 271, 0 294,
0345, P 5 19, P 520.
recurvirostris, 25, 28, 112, 182,
0 182, 0 271, 0 345, 0 364, P
519, P 520.
var. lividus, 0 264, P
519.
regius, 182, 0 172, 0 174, 0 177,
0 179, 0 264, 0 271, 0 283,
P524.
rigidus, 10, 0 179, 0 188.
salebrosus, 182, 0 179, 0 238,
0271, 0293, P 485, P 543.
salmo, 10.
sanguineus, 10.
sexcostatus, 35.
ternispina, 0 238, P 518, P 543.
tortuus, 14.
trialatus, 5, 0 192.
tricolor, 119, 0 172, 0 264,0
271, P 525-
trigouularis, 0 177.
tripterus, 5, 6, 0 173.
uncinatus, P 335.
unidentatus, 0 238, P 519, P
543-
vibex, 183, O 182, 0 271.
vittatns, 183, 0 271.
vitulinus, 0 177, 0 262, P 485,
P486.
Muricidea
alveata, 155, O 345.
California, 149.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Muricidea
dubia, 25, 28, 112, 182, 274,0
264, 0 345, P 526-
erinaceoides, 0 345.
. var. indentata, 0 264, 0
345, P 527.
erosa, 182.
lactuca, 0 345.
lappa, 0 264, 0 345, P 526.
pauxillus, 0 264, 0 345, P
528.
perita, 0 345.
pinuigera, 25.
radicata, 0 345.
var. squamulata, 274.
vibex, 25, 0 345.
vittata, 183, 0 345.
Musculus-polylepto-ginglymus
Area-Nose, 33.
Mya
abrupta, 165, 0 367.
arenaria, 69, 70, 74, 0 219,
0 222, 0 223, 0 300.
byssifera, 0 221.
cancellata, 87.
liyaliua, 0 222.
Japonica, 74.
Montereyana, 80.
prsecisa, 17, 123, 0 209, 0 210,
0 219, 0 300.
suborbicularis, P 105.
subsinuata, 80.
truncata, 17,70, 123, 168, 0 209,
0 210, 0 219, 0 222, 0 223.
Uddevalensis, 0 222.
Myrtaea
lenticula, 165.
Mysia
turaida, 12, 78, 129, 0 196, V
215.
"sta, 73-
Mytilimeria
Nuttallii, 26, 87, 124, O 194, 0
301, 0 349, V 211.
Mytilus
abbreviatus, 0 219.
Mytilus
Adainsianus, 41.
bicolor, P 122.
bifurcatus, 12, 49, 129, 0 198,
0 226, 0 309, 0 349, V 219.
borealis, 0 219.
Brasilieiisis, U 202.
Californianus, 5, 22, 26, 72, 85,
129, 0 192, 0 197, 0 212, O
234, 0 284, 0 309, 0 349,
0351, V 219.
cinnamomeus, P 129.
coruscus, 73.
Cuiningianus, 49.
edulis, 1 8, 22, 26, 70, 72, 76,
78, 85, 129, 151, 169, 0 192,
0 197, 0 212, 0 219, 0 223,
O 284, 0 309.
rar. 102.
var. latissimus, V 219.
flabellatus, 18.
frons, 6.
glomeratus, 26, 49, 102, 129, 0
212, 0 227, 0 234, 0 309,
P 119, U 202.
Guiaensis, 0 277.
Guyanensis, P 122.
humerus, 75.
incurvatus, 0 219.
Inezensis, 81.
latissimus, 0 197.
litliophagus striatus, P 126.
xnultiforinis, 27, 41, 106, 199,
200, 0 248, 0 309, P 1 1 8,
P 120, U 202.
normalis, 0 197.
notatus, 0 219.
palliopunctatus, 49, 106, 0 248,
0 282, 0 309, P 118, P 119.
Pedroanus, 76.
pellncidus, 0 197, 0 219.
retusus, 0 219.
ropan, 0 249, P 129.
rugosus, 0 221.
Sallei, 49.
spleudens, 72, 73.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Mytilus
spatula, 0 236, P 121, P 538.
•subsaxatilis, 0219.
tenuiaratus, P 118.
trossulus, 18, 78, 129, O 212.
Myurella
albocincta, 109, 0 258, P VI.,
P 384, P 386.
elata, 177.
frigata, 0 360.
Hindsii, 0 258, P 385, P 386.
larvseformis, 177.
rufocinerea, 32, O 258, P 386.
simplex, 23, 100, 143, 285.
subnodosa, 109, 0 258, P 386.
tuberculosa, 177.
variegata, 109, 153.
Nacella
Asmi, 0 318.
depicta, 21, 136, 0 227, 0 229,
0 318, 0 349, U 204.
incessa, 23, 26, 136, 0 229,
0318,0349-
instabilis, 84, 136, 0 318.
paleacea, 21, 23, 136.
peltoides, 31, 104, 213.
subspiralis, 98, 136.
fvar. triangularis, 98, 136.
Naranio \
(Narinio) /
scobina, 0 244, 0 300, P 529.
Narica
anoinala, P 355.
aperta, 104, 215.
cryptophila, 0 254, 0 323.
Diegoana, 76.
insculpta, 273.
ovoidea, 0 228, 0 230, P 355,
11205.
Narinio. See Naranio.
Nassa
acuta, 35, O 263, 0 342, 0 366,
P 497, P 498.
ambijzua, 155, 0 364.
angulifera, 0 186, 0 342, 0 361.
Nassa
Californica, 155.
canesceus, 35, 178, 0 268, 0
342.
collaria, 25, 155, 0 231, O 268,
0342.
complanata, 25, 35, 151, 179,
0 231.
Coopevi, 28, 100, 148.
corpulenta, 25, 28, in, 0 231,
O 268, 0 342.
costellata, 0 167.
crebristriata, 25, 34, 35, 179,
0 263, 0 342, 0 351, 0 366,
P499-
crenulata, 0 222.
decussata, 35, 178, P 497.
elegans, 17, 100, 148.
exilis, 35.
festiva, 0 185, 0 268, 0 342.
fossata, 25, 27, 100, 148, 0 209,
0342.
gemmulata, 69.
gernmulosa, 178, 0 263, 0 268,
0 342, P 498.
Gibbesii, 17, 83, 148.
glauca, 0 268, 0 342.
incrassata, 0 167, P 499.
insculpta, 99, 102, 148.
interstriata, 76, 100.
lunata, 76.
luteostoma, 28, 178, 0 176
0 231, 0 255, 0 262, 0 268
0 283,0 342,0 351, P 494,
P 496, P 542.
mendica, 17, 23, 25, 27, 28, 76,
83, 148, 1 68, 0 209, 0 212,
O 342, O 348.
mcesta, 0 206.
nodicincta, 25, 153, 0 186, 0
342.
nodifera, 178, 0 185, O 268
0 342, 0 361, P 496.
nodocincta, 0 297, O 361.
nodu-lifera, 256, P 496.
Northise, 48, 61.
78
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Nassa
obsoleta, 179.
pagodas, 25, 35, 178, 0 268,
O 342, P 552.
( rar.) acuta, 178, 0 263,
P49S.
pallida, 0 185, 0 342.
Panamensis, 35, 179, 0 268,
0 342.
paapera, 35, IOO> W
Pedroana, 76.
perpinguis, 23, 27, 100, 147, 0
206, 0 231, 0 342, O 349.
polygonata, P 497.
proxima, 34, 35, 179, 0 268.
scabriuscula, 25, 28, 35, 179,
0 185, 0 268, 0 342.
Stimpsoniana, 25, 179.
striata, 35, 100, 179, 0 268,
0 342.
tegula, 25, in, 148, 151, 152,
0 192, 0 262, 0 283, 0 342,
0351, P 496, P 497.
var. nodulifera, 0 263,
P496.
tiarula, 0 192, P 497.
trivittata, 76, 83, 148, 168, 0
209.
versicolor, 25, 34,35, IJI> J79,
0 231, 0 268, 0 342, 0 364,
P499-
var. 0 268.
Wilsoni, 35, 179, 0 268, 0 342.
Woodward!, 17, 28, 148.
xanthostoma, 0 176, 0 262, P
495-
Natica
alabaster, 0 261, 0 292, P 452.
alapapilionis, no.
algida, 17, 0 210, O 212.
alveata, 75, 77.
aperta, 0 216, 0 220, 0 223.
Beverlii, 9.
bifasciata, 0 192, 0 234, 0 235,
0 292, 0 296, 0 336, 0 352.
Bonplandi, 7, 0 170.
Natica
borealis, 0 177, 0 216, 0 220.
var. Californica, 193, 0 201,
0336.
canrena, no, 0 235.
catenata, 24, no, 155.
caarina, 0 209, 0 213, 0 348.
Chemnitzii, 0 202. 0 21 1, 0 235,
0 236, 0 240, 0 260, 0 274,
0 292, 0 336, P 449, P 450,
V 227.
clausa, 9, 25, 71, 72, 147, 169,
322, 0 176, 0 216, 0 220,
0 223, 0 335-
consolidata, 0 216, 0 220.
Elense, 40.
excavata, 40, 0 282, 0 336,
S 165.
flava, 19, 0 216, 0 223.
Gallapagosa, 0 176, 0 185, 0 274.
geniculata, 77.
gibbosa, 75.
glauca, 0 172, 0 190, 0 202,
0 237, P 540.
Gouldii, O 216, 0 220.
Groenlandica, O 216.
Haneti, 40, 194, 0 230, 0 274,
0336.
helicoides, 8, 0 223.
herculea, 84, 0 216, 0 224.
heros, 0 211.
ianthostoma, 0 203, 0 216.
impervia, 0 348.
Inezana, 82.
interaerata, 0 286.
intermedia, P 448.
iostorna, 0 235, 0 261, P 449,
R 450, P 536.
lactea, 0 216.
Lewisii, 84,0 209, 0 211, 0 213,
0 216, 0 284.
lineata, 40, S 165.
lurida, 37, 193, O 260, O 274,
P448.
Moquiniana, 62.
uaaroccana, 13, 27, 37, 63, 69,
INDEX OF SPECIES.
79
Natica
1 10, 193, 0 201, 0 202, 0 211,
' 0 230, 0 234, 0 236, 0 237,
0 261, 0 274, 0 296, 0 336,
0 352, 0 353, 0 360, 0 365,
0 366, P 448, P 450, P 536,
P54Q.
var. 24, 0 230, 0 235,
0 240, O 282.
var. Californica, V 227.
marochiensis, 63, 69, 0 261,
P 448. .
Ocoyana, 77.
oetites, 75.
otis, 9, 37, 193, 0 176, 0 185,
0 274, 0 296.
ovum, 0 237, 0 261, P 452,
P54Q.
pallida, 9, 0 176, 0 216, 0 220,
0 223, 0 347.
Panarnensis, 0 185.
patula, 8, 0 170, 0 172, 0 190,
0 202, 0 234, 0 237.
perspicua, 0 292.
plicatula, 0 201.
Pritchardi, 0 240, 0 261, 0 336,
P 449, V 227.
pusilla, 0 216.
rapulum, 0 261, P 452.
Recluziana, 0 203, 0 208, 0 234,
0 237, P 540.
rugosa, 61.
russa, 72.
Salangonensis, 0 274.
sanguinolenta, 0 203.
saturalis, 0 177, 0 216.
saxea, 0 367.
septentrionalis, 0 216, 0 220.
semilunata, 75.
severa, 72.
Souleyetiana, 24, 37, 193, 0 230,
0 274, 0 336.
Taslei, 62.
tessellata, 0 261, P 449.
uber, 7, 0 231, 0 274, 0 283,
0292, 0351, P 452.
Natica
uber, var. 0 292.
uberina, 0 185.
unifasciata, 37, 72, 193, 0 230,
0 261, P 448.
unimaculata, 0 292.
variolaris, 35.
vitrinelloides, P 246.
" virginea, 37, 193, 0 274.
zonaria, 24, 27, no, 0 231,
0336.
Naticina
scopulosa, 0 367.
Nautilus
angustatus, 0 367.
zigzag, 0 367.
Navarchus
inermis, 95, 133.
Navea
subglobosa, 121.
Neaplysia
Californica, 133.
Neaera
costata, 0 207, 0 301.
didyma, 0 207, 0 301.
pectinata, 87, 88, 123.
Neptunea )
(Neptunaea) )
badia, 60.
castanea, 60.
liarpa, 60.
Icelandica, 73«
incisa, 18.
terebralis, 73.
Nerita
Bernhardi, 24, 27, 108, 152, 194,
0 233, 0 237, 0 254, 0 274,
0 282, 0 322, 0 352, 0 364,
P257.
costata, 0 274.
Deshayesii, 194, 0 254, 0 274,
0 322, P 255, P 256.
elegans, 0 230.
fulgurans, 61.
funiculata, O 237, 0 254,0 322,
P 257, P 540.
80
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Nerita
glaucina, P 448.
maroccaua, P 448.
marochiensis, 0 261, P 448.
multijugis, 0 233, 0 236, 0 237,
0 254, P 255, P 536.
ornata, 48, 194, 0 179, 0 237,
0 254, 0 274, 0 322, P 255,
P 256, P 540.
papilionacea, 0 170.
patula, 0 179.
prsecognita, 0 283.
scabricosta, 24, 27, 48, 62, 108,
152, 194, 0 179, 0 230, 0 233,
0 235, 0 254, 0 274, P 255.
scabriuscula, 0 192, 0 237, 0
282.
tessellata, 0 364, P 257.
textilis, 0 170.
Neritina
alata, 0 176.
Californica, 0 291, P 258.
cassiculum, 0 4, 0 237, 0 254,
0 275, 0 322, P 258, P 540.
faba, P 258.
Fontaiueana, P 259.
globosa, 24, 0 182, 0 322.
Guayaquilensis, 24, 194, 0 274,
0 322, P 259.
harpaeformis, 0 230.
intermedia, 24, 194, 0 182, 0
274, 0 322.
var. 0 182.
latissima, 0 182, 0 322.
Hasina, P55L
Listeri, 0 289, 0 291, 0 322.
Michaud i, 0 189, 0 291, O 322.
picta, 24, 27, 0 4, 0 1 60, 0 182,
0 192, 0 233, 0 235, 0 237,
0 241, 0 254, O 275, 0 283,
0 322, 0 352, 0 364, P 258,
P 259, P 540.
pulchra, 0 188, 0 322.
pusilla, P 237.
tritonensia, 0 182.
virginea, 0 364, P 258.
! Netastoma •»
(Netastomella) J
Darwinii, 15, 26, 91, 121, 123,
170, 250.
Neverita
Cheinuitzii, P 449.
glauca, 1 10, 0 337.
helicoides, 0 208.
• patula, 24, 27, 0 208, 0 337.
Reclusiana, 147, 151, 152, 153,
0 337, 0 349-
Niothia
getnmulosa, P 498.
Nitidella
cribraria, 25, 28, 53, in, 180,
220, 0 262, 0 269, 0 296,
0 341, 0 363, 0 365, 0 366,
P 487, P 493, U 208.
densiliueata, 105, 221.
gausapata, 92.
Gouldii, 21, 23, 53, 89, 149,
0 228, 0 341, 0 349, U 208.
guttata, 0 363, 0 365.
millepunctata, 105, 155, 220,
221.
pulclirior, 0 270, O 341.
Noetia
reversa, 24, 31, 154, 155, 200.
Northia
pristis, 25, 48, 155, 0 294, 0 344.
serrata, 61, 179, 0 344.
Novaculina
Caribbsea, 205.
Nucula
arctica, O 175, 0 219, 0 223.
castrensis, 14, 75, 91, 0 207, 0
219, 0 223, 0 310.
cselata, 0 207, 0 311, 0 349.
Cobboldise, 91, 0 207.
costelUta, 0 182.
crispa, 0 207, 0 311.
decisa, 75.
divaricata, 14, 75, 91, 165, 0 207,
0367-
Elenensis, 200, 0 277.
excavata, 0 207, 0 311.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
81
Nucula
exigua, 100, 0 249, 0 277, 0
. 3", Pi45-
gibbosa, 0 182.
var. 0 182.
impressa, 0 367.
insignis, 73.
Lyallii, 91.
lyrata, 0 207, 0 311.
mirabilis, 73, 91.
polita, 200, 0 182, 0 229, 0
277.
pygmsea, 0 223.
Obeli sous
achates, 21, 24, 0 333, U 206.
Adarasii, 33, 37.
bicolor, 0 296.
clavulus, 21, 0 289, 0 333,
U 206.
conicus, 193, 0 259, 0 333, P
409.
hastatus, 218.
variegatus, 99, 104, 144, 219.
Ocinebra
var. aspera, 149.
erinaceoides, 25.
interfossa, 89, 92, 114, 149.
lurida, 25, 90, 92, 114, 149.
var. munda, 149.
mix, P 484.
Poulsoni, 23, 149, 151, 316.
Octopus
megalocyathus, 118.
punctatus, 99, 118, 150.
Odostomia
achates, 0 228, 0 230, U 206.
sequisculpta, 219.
var. avellana, 144, 243.
canal iculata, P 411.
clavnlus, 0 228.
conoidea, 0 228.
conoidalis, 243.
crebristriata, T 170.
delieatnla, 219.
dolioliformis, 144.
6
Odostomia
geinmulosa, P 415.
var. Gouldii, 144.
gravida, 23, 144, 0 228, 0 230,
0 296, 0 333, 0 349, P 413,
U 207.
inflata, 23, 114, 144, 145, 285.
laraellata, 0 259, 0 333, P
411.
mamillata, 36, 259, 0 259, O
334, P4ii, P4I2.
nuciformis, 114, 144, 243.
obeliscus, 0 230.
satura, 114, 144, 243-
straminea, no, 145, 314.
sublirulata, 145, 0 259, 0 333,
P 410.
subsulcata, 0 259,0 333, P 411.
tenuis, 0 259, 0 334, P 412.
tenuisculpta, 114, 145, 243.
vallata, 0 259, 0 334, 0 364,
P4ii, P4I2.
Odontidium
levissimum, X 436.
rugulosum, X 415, X 425, X
426.
CBdalia
scintillaeforrais, 97.
subdiaphana, 125, 302.
Oliva
aldinia, 63.
angulata, 9, 24, 35,62, 153, 177,
0 174, 0 231, 0 238, 0 261,
0 268, 0 292, P 463, P 464,
P 465, P 544.
anazora, 0 239, O 292, P 545.
araneosa, 35, 63, 178, O 261,
0 268, 0 292, 0 364, P 466.
aureocincta, 35.
auricnlaria, 63.
azemula, 62, 0 292.
bajtica, var. 63.
biplicata, 8, 10, 25, 79, 0 208,
0 231, 0 235,0 284, 0 292,
0352.
Brasiliensis, 63.
82
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Oliva
caldania, 62, 63.
Candida, 63.
columellaris, 8.
cruenta, 0 282.
Cumingii, n, 28, 34, 63, 153,
0 191, O 292, O 339, P 464.
dama, 63, 0 292.
Deshayesiana, 63.
Duclosi, 0 261, 0 339, O 366,
P467.
eburnea, O 231, O 234, 0 339.
erytbrostoma, 62.
fimbriata, 63.
fusiformis, 63, 178.
gracilis, 0 226, P 461.
hiatula, 0 262, P 472.
inconspicua, 178, 0 268, 0 364,
P47<D.
intertincta, 34, 0 261, 0 339,
P465-
intorta, 0 234.
Julietta, 62, 154, 178, 0 188,
0 238, O 339, P 466, P 544-
kaleontina, 154, 0 188.
Levariana, 6.
lineolata, 63, 178, 0 177, 0 178,
0292, P47i.
literata, 178.
manticbora, 62.
Maria, 62.
Melchersi, 28, 35, in, 178, 0
238, 0 261, O 339, 0 364,
P 464, P 465, P 466, P 544.
memnonia, 63.
mutica, 63.
neduliua, 63, 0 292.
nivea, 0 268.
obesina, 63, 0 292.
onisca, 63.
oriola, 63.
oryza, 0 364.
ozodona, 63, 0 292.
pantherina, 0 238.
pellucida, 34, 35, 178, 0 268.
ipetiolita, 0 231, P 470.
Oliva
pindarina, 62, 63, 0 292.
plumbea, 0 231.
polpaster, 1 1 , 0 1 88, 0 1 9 1 , 0 339,
P464-
ponderosa, 62.
porpbyria, 6, 24, 28, 48, ill,
152, 178, 0 168, 0 174, 0 234,
0 238, 0 268, 0 282, 0 339,
0 350, 0 352, P 463, P 544-
propatula, 0 265, V 209.
purpurata, 63, 0 262, P 471.
razomola, 62, 63.
reticularis, 62, 178, 0 292, P
464, P 465, P 466, P 467-
var. 0 261, 0 268, P 466.
rufifasciata, 63, 0 231.
Scbumacheriana, P 467.
selasia, 62, 63.
setnistriata, 9, 178, 0 268.
splendidula, 8, O 188, 0 234,
0 235, 0 283, 0 297, 0 339,
o 351, o 352.
Steerise, 63.
subangulata, 28/34, in, 152,
P464-
tergiua, 0 234, 0 236, 0 239,
0 292, P 469, P 537, P 544-
testacea, 178, 0 171, 0 177,
0 231, 0 235, 0 239, 0 265,
0 268, 0 292, P 472, P 545,
V209.
testacea, var. 63.
tigrina, 0 235.
timoria, 63, 0 292.
tisipbona, 63.
todosina, 62.
undatella, 10, 63, 178, 0 177,
0 239, 0 268, 0 292, P 467,
P545-
ustulata, 63.
venulata, 35, 63, 178, 0 192,"
0 238, 0 261, 0 268, 0 292,
0 339, P 464, P 465, P 466,
P 467, P 544.
var. 0 268.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
83
Oliva
volutella, 63, 178, 0 171,0 177,
. 0 178, 0 231, 0 235, 0 268.
zonalis, 0 171, 0 177, 0 236,
P 468, P 471, P537.
Olivella
auazora, 23, 24, in, 147, 0 262,
0 339, P 469-
a ureocincta, 34, in.
baetica, 23, 27, 76, 100, 147.
biplicata, 13, 23, 27, 114, 147,
*S*, 0339.
bullata, U 207.
eolumellaris, 178.
conoidalis, 0 364.
dama, 34, in, 178,0 262,0
339, P47L
eburnea, 0 352.
fulgida, 152.
glandinaria, 13, 147, 0 201,
0 339, V 227.
gracilis, 24, 28, 34, 155, 178.
inconspicua, 24, 34, in, 178,
0 262, 0 340, P 470.
intorta, 0 228, 0 339, 0 352,
U 207.
kaleontina, 0 340, 0 361.
lineolata, 0 192, 0 262, P 471.
mutica, P 470, P 472.
oryza, 178, P 470.
pellucida, 178, 0 340.
petiolita, 23, 147, 0 364, P 469,
P4/o.
var. aureocincta, 0 262,
0 339, O 364, P 470.
rufifasciata, 23, 147, 0 339.
semistriata, 24, 100, 178, 0 340.
tergina, 24, 28, 147, 178, 0 262,
0 340, 0 352, 0 364, P 469.
undatella, in, 178,0 262, 0
350, P 468.
volutella, 24, 28, 178, 0 282,
0 340, P 469.
Zanoeti, 24.
zonalis, 24, ill, 0 262, 0 339,
0 363, P 472.
Ommastrephes
Ayresii, 99, 150.
giganteus, 99, 150.
Omphalius
ater, 13, 0 200, V 224.
aureotinctus, 25, 151, 0 200,
0 321,0 349, 0351, V 224.
Brazilianus, P 234.
brunneus, 0 321, 0 351.
Byronensis, P 234.
Californicus, 0 163, 0 233, 0
297, P 235-
coronulatus, 24, 27, 108, 191,
0 274.
cruciatus, P 234.
dentatus, 0 229.
euryomphalus, 0 321.
funebralis, 13.
fuscescens, 27, 138, 151, 0 200,
0 233, 0 321, V 224.
globulus, 0 253, o 321, P 236.
ligulatus,24, 34, 138, 191,256,0
253, 0 321, P 234, P 235, P 236.
maculosus, 0 321.
inarginatus, 13, 0 200, 0 321,
V224.
moestus, 0 321, 0 348.
Panamensis, 24, 192.
• Pfeifferi,2i,02i7, 0321, U204.
reticulatus, 0 321.
rugosus, 27, 0 321, 0 352.
var. rufotinctus, 0 253,
P233-
viridulus, 24, 36, 155, 192, 0
229, 0 253, 0 321, P 234,
P 235, P 236.
Onchidium
Carpenteri, 107, 159.
Oniscia
oniscus, 0 364.
tuberculata, 0 282.
far. 0 287.
tuberculosa, 27, no, 0 188,
0 234, 0 270, 0 292, 0 337,
0 350, 0 352, 0 360, 0 364.
xanthostoma, 0 337, 0 360.
84
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Onychoteuthis
Bergii, O 218, 0 223, 0 345.
fusiformis, 99, 118, 119, 150.
Kamtschatica, 0 218, 0 223.
Opalia
attenuata, 244.
australis, 244, 245.
bicarinata, 244.
borealis, 18, 99, 114, 146.
bullata, 23, 146, 287.
crassicostata, 244, 245.
crassilabrum, 244.
crenata, 105, 220, 244, 324.
crenatoides, 105, 220, 244,
( —var.') insculpta, 25, 105,
146, 214, 322, 324.
diadema, 244.
funiculata, 37, 244.
Me Andreas, 244.
Ochotensis, 114, 245.
retiporosa, 99, 146, 244.
spongiosa, 99, 146, 244.
Orbicula
Cumingii, 54, 205, 0 280.
Evansii, 55, 0 287.
Norvegica, 55.
ostreoides, 55.
striata, 55.
strigata, 54.
Orthalicus
livens, 59, 0 251, P 176.
Mexicanus, O 250, P 177.
princeps, P 177.
undatus, 158,0 363, P 176.
zebra, 93, 158, 0 170, O 363,
P 176.
Ziegleri, 0 251, P 177.
Orthocera
glabra, X 436.
imperforata, X 425.
trachea, X 414, X 423.
Oscilla
exarata, 33, no, P 415.
terebellnra, no.
ziziphina, 33, P 416.
Osilinus
ater, 0 321, 0 348, 0 351.
gallinus, 0 321.
var. U 204.
Osteodesma
bracteatum, 17, O 209, O 210.
Californicum, 0 231.
corbuloides, O 222.
diaphanum, 0 287, Q 228.
hyalinum, 119, 0 209, O 210,
0 222.
nitidum, 17, O 226, 0 228,
U 199, Q 229.
Ostrea
seqnatorialis, 0 191, 0 250, P
157.
amara, 27, 38, 107, 152, 199.
bicolor, P 161.
borealis, 74.
Bourgeoisii, 119.
Canadensis, P 160, P 550.
Columbiensis, 107, 132, 0 186,
0 226, 0 250, 0 277, 0 312,
P 161.
conchaphila, 38, 78, 132, 151,
152, 199, 0 198, O 233, 0 250,
0 277,0 282, 0 312, 0 351,
0 353, O 365, P J59, P 161,
P 163, P 352, P 482, V 220.
Cumingiana, 0 250, 0 312, 0
352, P 163-
edulis, 85, 132, 198, P 159, P
161.
tvar. expansa, 101, 132, 306.
frons, 6.
gallus, 14.
Heermanni, 76.
iridescens, 107, 117, 198, 273,
274, 0 162. 0 226, O 250,
0 312,0 365, P. 157, P 162,
P 164.
var. laticaudata, 101, 132, 305.
longiro-tris, P 160.
lurida, 85, 92, 101, 132, 305.
var. 76.
margaritacea, 0 250.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
85
Ostrea
megodon, 14, 154.
palmula, 24, 132, 199, 0 233,
O 250, 0 282, 0 312, P 163,
P550-
Panatnensis, 198.
Panzana, 81.
perna, P 150.
plumula, 0 351, 0 353.
prismatica, P 157.
Puelchana, P 157.
rufa, 38, 132, 198, 306, 0 226,
0 250, P 157, P 159.
var. rufoides, 78, 101, 132, 306.
spathulata, 0 365, P 157.
subfalcata, 76.
subjecta, 81.
Titan, 80.
vespertina, 76.
Virgiuica, 38, 78, 107, 132, 152,
306, 0 226, 0 250, 0 277,
0 312, 0 363, P 159, P 160.
Ovulum )
(Ovula) J
aciculare, P 370.
jequale, 0 182, O 188.
avena, 35, 176, O 182, O 267.
Californicum, 0 230, 0 233,
0 358, P 370.
deflexum, O 239, P 545.
emarginatum, 176, 0 239, 0 267,
P545-
gibbosum, 0 297, O 328, 0 363.
inflexuxn, 0 182.
neglectum, 35, O 267.
patulum, P 375.
secale, 0 226.
simile, 0 226.
subrostratum, O 364, P 370.
uniplicatuin, P 370.
variabile, 176, 0 226, 0 230,
0 233, 0 267, 0 364, P 370.
var. 0 267.
Pachychilus
corvinus, 45.
Pachydesma
crassatelloides, 25, 26, 81, 114,
126, 151.
Inezana, Si.
Pachypoma
gibberosum, 113, 137, 239.
inaequale, 137.
Pallium
Estrellanum, 80, 81.
Faludina
balthica, 0 220.
carinata, 0 170.
Hindsii, 162.
Kikxii, 0 222.
muriatica, O 220.
nuclea, 162, 0 207, O 297.
Nuttalliaua, 162.
octona, 0 220.
pusilla, 0 220.
seminalis, 90, 120, 162, 211,
0 206.
stagnalis, O 220.
, var. 0 220.
tentaculata, 0 222.
tliermalis, 0 220.
ulva, 0 220.
virens, 162.
Paludinella
aculeus, 0 215, O 220, 0 223.
castanea, 241, 0 215.
cingulata, O 215, 0 220, 0 223.
stagnalis, 0 215, O 220, O 223,
0 257, P 361.
Pandora
arcuata, 228.
bilirata, 80, 124, 232.
brevifrons, 231, 0 185, 0 301.
Oylanica, 229.
cistula, 231.
claviculata, 124, 204, 225, 0
287, 0 301, Q 228.
cornuta, 39, 204, 227, O 280,
301.
Cumingii, 229.
delicatula, 229, 230.
depressa, 227.
86
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Pandora
discors, 228-
flexuosa, 230.
insequalis, 230.
Indica, 229.
nasuta, 226.
oblonga, 231.
obtusa, 229, 230, 231.
punctata, 12,226,0194,0301,
0 349, Q228, V 211.
radiata, 231.
rostrata, 230, 231.
striata, 232.
trilineata, 226.
nnguicnlus, 230.
Wardiana, 230, 231.
Fandorina
arenosa, O 222.
flabellata, 73.
Panopaea
abrupta, 0 367.
Aldrovandi, 0 209.
Faujasii, 123.
fragilis, 73.
generosa, 73, 82, 0 209, 0 213,
0 300, 0 348.
Norvegica, 0 222, 0 223.
reflexa, 82.
var. sagrinata, 73.
Farapholas
acuminata, 29, O 194, O 244,
O 265, O 299, O 366, P 12,
V 209.
bisulcata, 61, 121, 0 265, V
209.
branchiata, 0 366.
California, 26, 119, 121, 123,
O 194, 0 299,0 349, O 351,
V 209, V 210.
calva, 26, 29, 6 1, 0 244, O 299,
P9.
Janelli, 123.
penita, n, 251, 0 194, V 210.
Parthenia
armata, 0 259, 0 334, 0 364,
Parthenia
exarata, 33, 36, 190, 0 259,
0334, P4I5, P4i6.
gemmulosa, 0 364.
lacunata, 0 334, P 414.
quinquecincta, 33, 36, 189, 190,
O 259, 0 334, P 414.
scalariforrais, 0 259, 0 334,
P 368, P 413, P 414, P 434.
ziziphina, 0 259, 0 334, P 416.
Patella
aculeata, P 268.
serugmosa, 19, 0 215, 0 224,
P203.
ancyloides, 19.
antiquata, P 297, R 3.
Asmi, 19, 0 215, 0 223.
Araucana, P 200.
auriculata, P 287, P 290, T 168.
australis, P 299, R 3.
Barbadensis, P 215.
caeca, 19, 0 215, O 219, 0 223.
var. concentrica, 19.
calyptra, 3, 98.
Candida, 71, 0 219.
cassis, O 215.
cerea, 0 219.
cinis, 48, O 173, 0 290, P 207,
V 221.
clypeaster, 48, 0 172, 0 290,
P208.
conica, 0 209.
corrugata, 0 252, 0 291, P 200.
crepidula, 0 255, P 284.
Cumingii, 0 173, 0 290, P 203,
P 208, V 221.
deaurata, 0 173, O 215, 0 348.
diaphana, 0 173, 0 187, 0 199,
0 208, O 239, O 252, P 203,
V 221.
digitalis, 0 223.
discors, 60, 108, 0 233, 0 252,
0 282, 0 291, P 200, P 201,
P 206, P 210.
exarata, 9, 0 173, O 290.
fenestrata, O 173, 0 198, O 291,
P 207, V 221.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Patella
fiinbriata, 0 209.
floccata, P 203.
fornicata, P 268.
var. P 268.
Goreensis, 0 255, 0 363, P 284.
grata, 72.
incessa, 0 206.
instabilis, 0 209.
laevigata, 0 199.
liinatula, 49.
livescens, 48, 0 291.
leucophsea, 0 173, 0 199,0 291,
P 203, V 221.
Magellanica, 91.
mamillata, 13, 49, 0 173,0 198,
0 291, P 207, V 221.
maxima, 0 192, 0 252, P 199.
Mazatlandica, 9, 0 173, 0 178.
Mexicana, 24, 27, 0 175, 0 190,
O 233, 0 239, 0 241, 0 252,
O 318, P 199, P 200, P 201,
P 210, P 546.
militaris, P 300.
mitrula, P 297.
inonticola, 0 173, 0 198, V 221.
inonticolor, 0 173, O 198, V
221.
navicula, 0 252, 0 291, P 210.
nivea, P 297, R 3.
Nuttalliana, 49, 0 173, 0 291,
P 208.
opea, P 206.
Oregona, 0 174, 0 199, 0 291,
P 209, Q 223, V 222.
pallida^, 72.
patina, O 215, 0 219, 0 223.
pecten, 3.
pediculus, 108, 0 224, O 252,
0 291, 0 318, P 200, P 201,
P535-
pelta, O 219, 0 223.
perforata, P 215.
persona, 0 215, 0 223.
personoides, O 215, 0 223, P
203.
Patella
peziza, 10, 0 3, 0 179, P 287,
P 290.
pileata, 0 174, 0 199, P 209,
V222.
pileolus, 19, 0 215, 0 223.
plicata, 35.
plumbea, 29.
poculuin, 0 179.
porphyrozonias, P 215.
rosea, P 215.
seabra, 16, 49, O 199, O 209,
0 252, 0 291, P 203, V 222.
scurra, 0 172, 0 173, 0 215,
0 224, V 222.
scutellata, 0 3, P 287.
spectrum, 16, O 199, 0 209,
0 291, P 209, V 222.
stipulata, 48, 0 187, 0 318.
striata, 0 187, O 252, P 203,
P 208.
strigillata, 0 273, 0 198, V
221.
talcosa, 9.
tessellata, 0 173, 0 199, P 207,
V 221.
textilis, 1 6, 0 209.
toreuma, 48, 0 288, O 290, 0
291, Q 233.
? var. tenuilirata, 0 288,
Q233.
tramoserica, 3.
trochiformis, P 264.
trochoides, P 265.
umbonata, 0 174, 0 199, 0 291,
P 209, V 222.
venosa, 0 163, O 290.
verriculata, 0 173, 0 291, P
203, P 207, V 221.
vespertina, 48, 0 290, P 203.
vulgata, 37, 198.
zebrina, var. P 200.
Patelloida
depicta, 0 206, U 204.
punctata, 0215.
striata, P 203.
88
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Patula
Cooperi, 157.
Mazatlanica, 157.
sportella, 157.
strigosa, 157.
Fecten
adspersus, 0 236, P 538.
(?yar.) sequisulcatns, 22, 26, 78,
85> 13*. 155, W 280.
altiplicatus, 81.
aspersus, 199, 0 277
catilliformis, 77.
caurinus, 73. 85, 131, 0 311, 0
348.
circular-is, 40, 45, 76, 107, 0
250, 0 2^5, 0 290, 0 352, P
152.
dentatus, 0 233, 0 311, 0 352.
deserti, 76, 81.
Dieffenbachii, 73.
digitatus, 0 207.
discus, 81.
excavatus, 14.
Fabricii, 60, 0 211, 0 218.
faseiculatus, 0 207, 0 311.
floridus, 25, 322, 0 207, 0 311,
0351.
hastatus, 14, 18, 22, 81, 92, 131.
hericeus, 18, 92, 131, 0 212,
0311, 0 348.
Hindsii, 60, 92.
inca, 199,0 277,0311
intermedia, 80, 107.
irradians, 281.
Islandicus, 4, 20, 60, 70, 92,
131, 0 218, 0223.
Jeffersonius, 81.
Isetus, 73.
laqueatus, 0 288.
latiauritus 22, 45, 60, 131, 0
198, 0 229, 0 233, 0 234,
03", 0349, 0351, V 219.
Madisonius, 77.
magnificus, 0 185, 0 311, 0
359-
magnolia, 81.
Pecten
Meekii, 81.
mesotimeris, 45.
mouotimeris, 26, 78, 131, 151,
O 198, 0 229, 0 233, O 234,
¥219.
Nevadauus, 77.
nodosus, 0 233, 0 234, 0 311,
0352.
nucleus, var. 0 290.
Pabloensis, 80.
paucicostatus, 22, 100, 131,281.
Pealii, 0 218.
poinatia, 14.
propatulus, 165, 0 367.
purpuratus, 102, 0 233, 0 284,
0351.
pyxidatus, 153.
rastellinus, 14.
rubidus, 4, 20, 92, 131, 0 207,
0 218, 0 223, 0 311.
senatorius, 40, 73, 0 282.
sericeus, 0 207, 0 311.
(?rar.) squarrosus, 22, 281.
subcrenatus, 153.
subnodosus, 24, 27, 107, 151,
0 185, 0 311.
Townsendi, 18, 0 213, 0 311,
0348.
Tumbezensis, 199, 0 277, 0 311.
tumidus, 35, 78, 85, 0 185, 0
187, 0 277, 0 290.
tunica, 60, 131.
varius, 0 222, P 532.
ventricosus, 14, 24, 27, 40, 45,
54, 78, 85, 107, 131, 151, 152,
17°> I99> 28o> 28l> 0 l87»
0 233, 0 234, 0 277, 0 282,
0 290, 0 311.
var. 22.
Yessoensis, 70, 74.
Pectunculus
assimilis, 200, 0 182, 0 229,
0 233, 0 249, 0 277, P 144.
bicolor, 0 285, 0 290, 0 310.
Californicus, 0 192.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
89
Pectunculus
corbis, 4.
- giganteus, 27, 0 208, 0 233,
0 285, 0 289, 0310, 0 352.
inaequalis, 10, 24, 200, 0 178,
0 182, 0 249, 0 285, 0 289,
0 290, 0 310, 0 366, P 144.
maculatus, 24, 200, 0 208, 0
277, 0 310.
multicostatus, 0 249, 0 310,
O 366, P 144.
nitens, 165, 0 367.
parcipictus, 24, O 229, 0 310.
patulus, 165, 0 367.
pectenoides, 24, 0 208, 0 265,
O 310.
pectiniformis, 0 249, P 144.
septentrionalis, 0 219, 0 223.
tessellatus, 0 229.
Pedicularia
California, 119, 149.
decussata, 119.
elegantissima, 119.
Sicula, 119.
Pedipes
angulatus, 0 275, 0 316.
liratus, 98, 116, 133, 159.
Penitella
Conradi, 14, 121, 0 203.
ovoidea, 76.
penita, 76, 121.
spelsea, 76.
tubigera, 15, 0 203.
Wilsonii, 121, 0 194, 0 265, V
209.
xylophaga, 15, 0 203.
Perdicea
nodosa, 48.
Periploma
alta, 0 280,0 301.
argentaria, 80, 124, 0 194, 0 301,
0351, Q229, V2ii.
excurva, Q, 229.
excurvata, 0 287, 0 301.
Leana, 0 231, 0 297, 0 301, Q 229.
obtusa, 62.
Periploma
papyracea, 0 287, 0 301, Q
229.
planiuscula, 0 194, 0 231, 0
301, 0'352, V 211.
Perna
anomioides, 52.
Californica, 52, 0 193, 0 198,
0 234, V 219.
Chemnitziana, 0 233, 0 277,
P 150.
costellata, 52, 0 198, P 152,
V2I9.
flexuosa, 0 208, 0 233, 0 249,
P 150.
incisa, V 219.
maxillata, 82.
montana, 82.
quadrata, 60.
radiata, P 150.
Peronaeoderma
. ochracea, 104, 210. ]
punicea, 202.
Feronseus
artemisia, 158.
Persicula
clandestina, P 462.
fruuientum, in.
inabricata, 24, in, 112.
interrupta, in.
phrygia, in, 112.
minor, P 461.
sagittata, in.
Persona
constricta, 24, 0 231.
ridens, 24, 0 338.
Petaloconchus
cereus, W 3l6, W3I7.
cochlidium, W 314, W 315, W
31?-
flavescens, W 314, W 317.
raacrophragma, 24, 43, 108, 114,
140, 239, 0 200, 0 255, 0 323,
0 35i,0 353,0 364, P 306,
P3o9, V 226, W 313, W 314,
90
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Fetaloconchus
nerinseoides, W 316, W 317,
X428, X431-
octosectus, W 317..
renisectus, W 315, W 317.
?. , var. Woodwardii, W
316.
varians, 0 364, W 315, W 3^,
W3I7-
Petricola
amygdalina, 0 184, 0 299, 0
359-
arcuata, 12, 14, 45, 120, 127,
0 196, 0 203,0 229, V 214.
var. 0 203.
bulbosa. O 226, 0 232, 0 244,
P 547', U 198.
Califoruica, 12, 45, 120, 127,
0 196, 0 229, 0 299, 0 349»
0 351, V 214.
carditoides, 12, 14, 20, 22, 26,
76, 78, 88, 120, 127, 0 196,
0 229, 0 284, V 214.
cognata, 38, 203, 0 279, 0 299.
0363-
Cordieri, 0 196, 0 203, 0 229,
V2i4.
cylindracea, 12, 14, 20, 78, 120
127, 0 196, 0 203, 0 219
0 224, 0 229, 0 284, V 214.
dactylus, 0 232, 0 299, 0 352.
denticulata, 0 244, 0 297.
gibba, 20, 127, 0 196, 0 219
0 223, 0 299.
lainellifera, var. 0 229.
rnirabilis, 0 281.
pholadiforrnis, 0 279.
var. 23, 38, 203, 0 299
0363.
robusta, 15, 29, 106, 0 184
0 226, 0 232, O 234, 0 244
0 265, 0 295, 0 299, 0 352
0 364, 0 365, P 17, P 547
U 198, V 209.
rubra, P 108.
etricola
siimosa, 0 226, 0 244, 0 265,
P 547, V 209.
subglobosa, 45.
suborbieularis, P 105.
tenuis, 38, 203.
ventricosa, 154, 0 244, 0 299, P
19.
'hasianella
compta, 54, 79, 97, *37, 228,
282, 0 230, 0 253, 0 283, O
284,0 320, 0 351, P 225, U
204.
(? var.) elatior, 23, 137,
282.
(? var.) pulloides, 23,
137, 282.
(? var. punctulata, 23^
137,281.
fasciata, P 226.
fulminata, P 226.
minuta, P 224.
perforata, 24, 54, 155. ° 253»
0 295, 0 320, 0 364, U 204.
? , var. striulata, 0 253,
P 225.
pulhis, 282, P 226.
striulata, 214.
tessellata, P 224.
undatella, P 226.
zebrina, P 225.
Phidiana
iodinea, 94, 95.
Pholadidea
clausa, 0 366.
concamerata, 123.
cornea, 121.
curta, 0 244, 0 299, P 9.
melanura, 121, 0 194, 0 244,
0 265, 0 299, 0 366, V 209.
ovoidea, 14, 22, 26, 123, 0 226,
0 299, 0 351, U 198.
penita, 22, 50, 87, 123, 251,
0299, 0349, 0351.
tubifera, 205, 0 299.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
91
Fholadopsis
pfcctiuata, 121, 0 265, V 209.
Fholas
acuminata, O 184.
Californioa, 121, 0 194, 0 202,
0 231, 0 234, V 209.
Californiensis, 0 174.
calva, 0 184.
Candeana, 121.
concamerata, 87, 121, 0 194,
0 202, 0 211, 0 228, V 210.
cornea, 0 184, 0 229.
crucifera, 0 280.
crucigera, 23, 205, 0 184, 0 280,
0299.
curta, 0 184, 0 191.
dactylus, 205.
Darwiuii, 251.
Janellii , 1 2 1 , 0 1 94, 0 202, V 209.
lanceolata, 23, 0 280.
laqueata, 39, 0 280.
var. nana, 0 184.
oblongata, 121.
ovoidea, 0 226, 0 231, 0 234,
U 198.
penita, 87, 121, 0 194, 0 202,
0 211, 0 231, V 210.
retifera, 121.
rostratra, 15, O 203.
truncata, 121.
tubifera, 205, 0 280.
xylophaga. 205, 0 280, 0 299.
Phorcus
Californicus, 0 253, 0 286, P 235.
euryomphalus, 139.
liratus, P 235.
maculosus, 139.
marcidus, 139.
Panamensis, 0 295.
pulligo, 19, 21, 139.
umbilicaris, P 235.
variegatus, 0 253, P 234.
Phos
articulatus, 0 206, 0 343.
biplicatns, 0 284, 0 343, S 166.
crassus, 0 206, 0 268, 0 343.
Phos
gaudens, 25, 0 206, 0 342.
seuticosus, 0 206.
turritus, 0 186, 0 343.
Veraguensis, 0 206, 0 342.
Phrontis
xanthostoma, P 495.
Phylliroe
Lichtensteinii, 0 173.
Phyllonotus
bicolor, 28, 112, 153, 0 264,
0 345, P 524-
brassica, 28, 155, 0 264, 0 345,
P523-
imperialis, 0 345.
nigritus, 28, 152, 153, 182, 0264,
0 345, P 52i.
nitidus, 0 264, 0 345, P 523.
oxyacanthus, 0 345.
princeps, 28, 112, 0 264, 0 345,
P 525.
radix, 182, 0 345
regius, 182, 0 264, 0 345, P 524,
P525-
Physa
ampullacea, 160.
aurantia, 27, 0 237, 0 251, 0 316,
0364.
aurea, 160.
bullata, 85, 1 60, 0 283, 0 316.
Charpentieri, 160.
concolor, 161.
costata, 1 1 8, 160.
cylindrica, 160.
elata, 27, 0 227, 0 296, 0 316,
0 364, P 1 80, U 203, V 220.
elliptica, 160.
elongata, 85, 161.
elongatina, 161.
fontinalis, O 222.
fontana, 160.
Gabbii, 160.
glabra, 160.
gyrina, 160.
heterostropha, 85, 93, 116, 120,
1 60.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Physa
Hildrethiana, 160.
humerosa, 79, 90, 160, 0 283,
0316.
hypuorum, 116, 0 222.
iuflata, 1 60.
Lordi, 90, 93, 160.
Maugerae, 61, 162, 0 364.
osculans 160, 0 265.
Peruviana, 0 237, 0 251, P 179,
P 1 80, P 540.
Phillipii, 1 60.
plauorbula, 161.
plicata, 1 60.
purpurostoma, 44.
Sowerbyana, 44.
striata, 160.
subarata, 160.
triticea, 120, 161.
virgata, 160, 0 283, 0 316.
virginea, 160, 0 209, 0 213,
03i6.
Pila
multijugis, P 255.
ornata, P 255.
scabricosta, P 255.
Fileopsis
antiquata, P 297.
mitrula, 0 255, P 297, R 3.
pilosa, 0.275.
subrufa, R 4.
Pilidium
commodum, 0 216, 0 220,
0233.
Pinna
lanceolata, 107, 0 208, 0 249,
0 311, P 147-
maura, 24, 38, 107, 199, 0 185,
0249,0277,0311,? 146.
nigra, 43.
rudis 0 241, 0 282, 0 296.
rugosa, 27, 107, 0 185, 0 249,
0 311, P 147.
tuberculosa, 24, 38, 199, 0 185,
0277.
\
Pirena
Californica, 0 200, 0 209, 0 '230,
U 206, V 226.
Pisania
sequilirata, 0 263, 0 344.
articulata, 0 226.
ciuis, O 344, 0 361.
D'Orbignyi, 180.
elata, 105, 221.
elegans, 0 288.
fortis, 25, 322, 324.
gemmata, 25, 29, 196, 0 204,
0 236, 0 263, 0 344, 0 364,
PS'S-
hsemastoma, 0 231.
iusignis, 25, 28, 179, 324, 325,
0 204, 0 263, P 514, P 515,
P$i6.
lugubris, 112, 0 344.
mutabilis, P 514.
nigrocostata, 0 344.
pagodus, 25, 179, 0 344, P 552-
(? rar.) sequilirata, P 515.
Panamensis, 0 344.
pastinaca, 0 344.
pusio, 0 226.
ringens, 25, 179, 0 263, 0 283,
0296, 0344, 0363, P 518.
sanguinolenta, 25, 28, 112, 155,
179, 0 177, 0 204, 0 263,
0344, P 517, P 5i8.
Stimpsoniana, 0 344.
tincta, 363.
Pisidium
abditum, 165.
amplum, 165.
Kurtzii, 165.
notatnm, 165.
obliquum, 0 222.
obscurum, 165.
occidental, 118, 165.
plenum, 165.
regulare, 165.
resartnra, 165.
retusum, 165.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
93
Pisidium
zonatum, 165.
Placiphora, vide Flaxiphora.
Flaciphorella, vide Mopalia.
Placunanomia )
Placunomia /
alope, ii, 132, 0 192, 0 286,
0 312, 0 348.
Broderipii, 0 286.
cepio, n, 92, 132, 0 192, 0 286,
0 312, 0 348.
claviculata, 0 250, 0312,? 166.
Cumingii, 47, 0 180, 0 312.
echinata, 50, 0 250, P 166.
foliacea, 0 363.
foliata, 50, 0 250, 0 282, 6312,
P 1 66, P 167.
macroschisraa, n, 26, 50, 72, 76,
85, 92, 132, 169, 0 203, 0 218,
0 223, 0 234, 0 286, 0 312,
0347.
patelliforinis, 0 218, 0 223,
0312.
pectinata, 0 250, P 166.
pernoides, 0 161, 0 250, 0 312,
O 365, P 164.
Planaxis
acutus, 0 237, 0 240, 0 257,
P 364, P 541.
canaliculatus, 0 268.
laticostatus, 0 178.
nigritella, 24, 100, 109, 0 164,
0 237, 0 240, 0 257, 0 328,
P364.
var., 0 237.
obsoletus, 0 237, 0 240, 0 257,
P364, P54i.
planicostatus, 10, 24, 109, 178,
328, 0 174, 0 230, 0 235,
0 268, 0 360.
snlcatus, 0 230.
Planorbis
affinis, 0 364, P 181.
albus, 0 222.
ammon, 40, 79, 120, 161, 0 283,
0316.
Planorbis
cariuatus, P 252.
complanatus, 0 222.
contortus, 0 222.
corneus, 0 222.
corpulentus, 18, 44, 85, 93, 161,
0 210, 0 316.
deflectus, 0 211.
Duenasianus, 44.
exacutus, 0 211.
var. fallax, 161.
gracilentus, 40, 0 283, 0 316.
Haldemanni, 40.
lentus, 161.
leucostoma, 0 222.
Liebmaimi, 40.
inacrostoma, 161.
inegastoma, 161.
Newberryi, 120.
opercularis, 85, 161, 0 209,
O2ii, 0 316.
Panameiisis, 0 186, 0 316.
parvus, 1 1 6.
planulatus, 85, 161.
regularis, 161.
subcrenatus, 93, 161, 0 198,
0 316, V 220.
tenagophilus, 161, 0 237, 0 251,
P 181, P 540.
Traskei, 40, 120, 161.
trivolvis, 85, 116, 120, 161,
V 221.
tuniens, 44, 161, 0 237, 0 251,
0 316, 0 364, P 181.
tumidus, 44.
vermicularis, 161, 0 209, 0 211,
0 316.
vermiculatii3, 0 213.
vortex, 0 222.
Wyldi, 44-
Platyodon
cancellatus, 11, 26, 87, 123,
0 194, 0 231, O 234, 0 300,
O 349, 0 351, V 210.
Platysemus
Wossnessenskii, 92.
94
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Plaxiphora )
Flaciphora )
retusa, 0 318.
Plectodon
scaber, 97, 124.
Pleuropus
pellucidus, 0 173.
Pleurophyllidia
Californica, 94, 133.
lineata, 94.
Pleurotoma
arcuata, 0 207, 0 208.
aterriuaa, 183, 0 183, 0 271,
P393-
var. Melchersi, 0 271.
atrior, 36, 183, 0 258, 0 271,
P 393, P 394-
bicanalifera, 183, 0 183, 0 271.
bicolor, 0 183.
bituberculifera, 0 330.
Bottse, 0 191, 0 238, 0 258,
0 271, 0 294, P 392.
cedo-uulli, 0 185, 0 330.
cincta, 0 187, 0 258, 0 272,
P295.
clavulus, 0 183, 0 330.
collaris, 183, O 271.
concinna, 183, 0 271, S 162.
cornuta, 0 271.
corrugata 183, 0 183, O 271.
discors, 36, 183, 0 258, O 271,
P 393, P 394-
duplicata, 184, 0 183, 0 271.
excentrica, 184, 0 183, 0 271,
P 393-
exigua, 184, O 271.
funiculata, 24, 27, 109, 184,
0 208, 0 226, 0 238, 0 258,
0 271, 0 282, 0 294, 0 330,
P 390, P 391, P 544-
gemmata, 0 205, 0 330.
gemmulosa, 184, 0 271.
gracillima, 0 284, O 330, S 163,
S 164.
grandiraaculata, 184, 0 271,
grauulosa, 0 183.
Pleurotoma
h^xagona, 0 183.
incrassata, 184. 0 183, 0 238,
O 271, 0 294, P 392, P 544.
iuerrais, O 205.
luctuosa, P 397.
maculata, P 391.
maculosa, 27, 0 235, 0 238,
0 258, 0 330, P 391.
maura,0 191,0 258, 0 294, P 293.
militaris, 0 208.
Melchersi, 0 238, 0 294, P 393,
P544-
modesta, 0 187.
nigerriraa, 184, 0 183, 0 271.
uitida, 0 183.
nobilis, 0 205.
obeliscus, 184, 0 271.
Ocoyana, 77.
olivacea, 184, 0 208, 0 271,
0 33°, P 39°-
var., 0 258, P 390.
oxytropis, 0 183, 0 330.
pallida, 184, 0 271.
picta, 0 207, 0 208, 0 330.
pudica, 0 330.
rava, P 399.
rigida, 184, 0 271.
rudis, 184, O 272, P393.
rugifera, 0 183.
rustica, 36, 184, 0 272, P 393.
Schantarica, 0 217,0 220, O 223.
simplex, 0 217, 0 220, 0 223.
splendidula, 0 183.
striosa, 184, 0 272.
stromboides, 0 208.
thiarella, 0 272.
transmontana, 77.
triticea, 59.
tuberculifera, 6, O 176, 0 330.
turricula, O 271.
unicolor, 0 183.
unirnaoulata, O 183, O 330.
variculosa, 0 183.
Plicatula
dubia, var., 0 250, P 155.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
95
Plicatula
penicillata, 38, 107, 199, 0 250,
0 312, P 155.
Polinices
bifasciata, 27, no, 152, 153.
var. fusca, 9, no.
Gallapagosa, 0 282, O 284.
intemerata, 0 337.
lactea, 0 364.
otis, 24, 27, i TO, 0 282.
ovum, 0 284.
Panamensis, 0 337.
perspicua, 102, 0 337.
Recluziana, 27, 153.
Salangonensis, 27, 193, 0 337.
uber, 24, 37, no, 193, 0 261,
0 282, 0 337, O 364, P 452.
unimaculata, 0 337.
virginea, 0 337.
Pollia
distorta, 0 268.
hoemastoma, 0 177,0 191, 0 236,
0 263, 0 269, P 517.
insignis, 29.
scabra, 20.
Polydonta
dentata, 0 321.
Polygyra
.acutedentata, 157.
contortuplicata, 0 294.
polygyrella, 157.
ventrosula, 157.
Folyplex
gracilis, 6.
Polytropa
uux, P 484.
Fomatiopsis
Binneyi, 163.
Pomaulax
umlosus, 23, 27, 37, 53, 108, 137,
151, 192, 0 199, 0 234, 0 240,
0 282, 0 283, 0 320, P 230,
V224.
Fompholyx
effusa, 120, 1 60.
Poronia
Petitiana, 30, P 549.
rubra, 69, P 108.
Potamis \
Potamides /
Californianus, 0 213.
ebeninus, 48.
fuscatus, U 206.
Hegewiscliii, 0 233, 0 295, P 345.
Montagnei, 0 238, P 542.
pullatus, 79, 84, 0 283, 0 284.
sacratus, 0 209, U 206, V 226.
Potamomya
sequalis, 204, 0 280, 0 300.
inflata, 204, 0 280, O 300.
trigonalis, 204, 0 280, 0 300.
Priene
cancellata, 20, 170.
nodosa, 24, 27, 152, 166.
Oregouensis, 20, 25, 69, 92, 99,
147, 169 170, 322.
Pristes
oblongus, 97, 127.
Propilidium
ancyloide, 19.
Fsammobia
Californiea, 119.
casta, 23, 38, 202.
decora, 124,0 195, 0 207, 0231,
V2I2.
fusca, 0 221.
Kindermanni, 0 301.
maxima, 49.
olivacea, 74.
Pacifica, 12, 38, 78, 126, 0 195,
0301, 0351, V 212.
regnlaris, 104, 210.
rubroradiata, 26, 49, 88, 124.
Psephis
Lordi, 88, 97,"I27«
salmonea, 25, 97, 127.
tantilla, 22, 25, 118, 126, 165.
tellimyalis, 127, 303.
Pseudobuccinum
biliratum, 0 342.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Pseudobuccinum
liochilus, 0 342.
Panamense, 0 342.
pulchrum, 0 342.
Pseudoliva
Kellettii, 40, 0 272, 0 340, 0
350.
Pteroceras
lambis, 109.
Pteronotus
centrifugal, 102, 0 345.
festivus, 23, 149, 0 345.
Pullastra
gigantea, 0 196.
Puncturella
Cooperi, 98, 137.
cucullata, 80, 98, 137, 0 209,
0 320, 0 348.
galeata, 137, 0 320, 0 348.
noachina, 72.
Pupa
Californica, 118, 158.
chordata, 158.
ovata, 117.
Rowelli, 117, 158.
Pupilla
Californica, 158.
Rowelli, 158.
Furpura
alveolata, 0 187, 0 293, 0 340.
analoga, 20, 28, 148, 0 240.
angulifera, 10, O 191, 0 269.
aperta, 13, 325, 0 201, V 227.
atroraarginata, 0 236, P 537.
attenuata, 20, 148, 0 220.
bezoar, 0 294.
bicostalis, 0 174, 0 190, O 191,
0 236, 0 238, 0 262, 0 292,
P 477, P 478, P 537; P 543.
biserialis, 14, 24, 28, in, 151,
152, 180, 0 171, 0 187, 0 190,
0 191, 0 202, 0 204, 0 231,
0 234, 0 235, 0 236, 0 238,
O 262, 0 269, 0 283, 0 340,
0 352, 0 364, 0 366, P 477,
P482.
Furpura
biserialis rar., 0 283.
bizonalis, 0 217.
brevidens, V 229.
bufonides, 14.
callosa, 10, 48, 0 269, 0 294.
caualiculata, 10, 20, 28, 92, 148,
0 171.
cancellata, 0 236.
Carolensis, 180, 0 187, 0 240.
0 241, 0 262, 0 269, 0 340,
0 361, P 480.
cassidiformis, P 476.
centiquadra, 10, 0 171, 0 191,
0 262, P 480.
chocolata, 0 191, 0 294.
columellaris, 6, 0 174, 0 178,
0 187, 0 191, 0 228, 0 231,
0 235, 0 240, 0 262, 0 294,
0 340, 0 361, P 355, P 475,
0 481.
Conradi, 83, 0 184, 0 192, 0 201,
0 203, 0 231, V 228.
consul, 0 238, 0 262, P 477,
P 478, P 542.
cornigera, 10, 0 177, 0 191,
0 201, 0 269, V 229.
coronata, 0 297.
costata, 0 191, P 482.
costularis, 0 191.
crassilabrum, 0 171, 0 235.
crispata, 7, 13, 23, 26, 74, 92,
148, 0 192.
decemcostata, 4, 10, 20, 28, 83,
92, 149, 0 217, 0 223, 0 240,
0340.
deltoidea, 0 364, P 478.
diadeuna, 0 262, P 482.
dumosa, 0 201.
emarginata, 13, 27, 83, 148,
0 201, 0 203, 0 212, 0 213,
0 231, 0 234, 0 235, 0 283,
0340,0351,0 352, V 228.
engonata, 0 293, V 228, V 229.
fasciata, 0 183.
ferrnginea, 83.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Purpura
Florid ana, 0 190, 0 262, 0 364,
P 477-
- foliata, 4, 5.
foveolata, 35, 180, 0 269.
Freyciuetii, 14, 20, 28, 72, 83,
0 203, 0 204, O 217, 0 220,
0 223. 0 240, 0 340.
fuscata, 13, 28, 114, 148.
fusiformis, 0 191.
Grayi, 0 188, 0 204, O 294.
hsemastoma, 0 190, 0 202, 0
231, 0 236, 0 262, O 366,
P 477, P 478, P 537.
haeraatura, 0 204, 0 262, P 477.
harpa, 13, 0 201, O 340, 0 349,
V 228.
imbricata, 102, 0 217.
kiosquiformis, 180, 0 191, 0 231,
0 234, 0 235, 0 269, 0 352,
far., 0 269.
lactuca, 4, 83, 148.
lagena, 18, 0 212, 0 340, 0348.
lamellosa, 5, 0 340.
lapillus, 13, 1 8, 23, 83, 148,
0 203, 0 204, 0 217, 0 220,
0 223, 0 231, 0 340.
lapilloides, 0 293.
macrostoma, 0 201, 0 340, 0
349, V 227.
maculata, 0 269.
madreporarurn, 63.
melo, 24, 1 80, 0 269, O 340.
melones, 10, O 231, 0 269, 0 282,
0 340.
muricata, 28, 108, in, 0 235,
0 262, 0 340, 0 352, P 476.
mix, P 484.
nympha, 0 191.
ocellata, 10, 0 269.
ochrostoma, 63.
osculans, 35, 180, 0 269.
ostrina, 13, 14, 18, 26, 27, 83,
148, 151, 152, 0 210, O 340,
0348.
7
Purpura
pallidus, 191.
pansa, 0 228, 0 262, 0 340, 0
362, 0 363, 0 365, P 474, P
475, U 208.
patula, 6, 8. 24, 28, 48, 63, in,
152, 166, 0 171, 0 228, 0 234,
O 238, 0 262, 0 283, 0 292,
0 340, 0 352, 0 361, 0 363,
O 365, P 474, P 475, 1J 476,
P 479, P 542, U 208.
planospira, 6, 8, 28, 103, 104,
108, in, 0 187, 0 240, 0 340,
0361.
planospirata, 48.
plicata, 148.
purpuroides, 180.
rupestris, 14.
sanguinolenta, 0 191, 0 231,
saxicola, 13, 18, 23, 83, 148,
0 204, 0 220, 0 231, 0 340.
var., 83.
scalariformis, 0 190, 0 262, 0
269, P 48 1.
semi-imbricata, 7, 0 171.
septentrionalis, 74, 83, 148, 0
211, 0 212, 0 217, 0 231,
0 340.
speciosa, 0 171, 0 191, 0 262,
0 340, P 480.
sphaeridia, 10.
spicata, 0 293, V 228.
spirata, O 191, 0 201, V 228.
succincta, 10.
tecta, 1 80, 0 269,
triangularis, 24, 28, in, 180,
0 187, 0 191, 0 262, 0 269,
0 340, 0 361, P 480.
triserialis, 24, in, 0 171, 0
191, 0 262, 0 283, 0 294, O
340, P 479, P 48o.
truncata, O 191, 0 262, P 476.
undata, 180, 0 171, 0 187, O
190, 0 202, 0 262, O 269,
0 340, 0 364, P 477, P 478.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Pustularia
pustulata, P 375.
Pyramidella
bicolor, 0 296.
conica, 193, O 274, P 409.
Pyrazus
iucisus, 108, 112, 152.
var., 152.
Pyrgula
quadricostata, 0 284, 0 326
S 162.
Pyrgulina
clathratula, 33, P 424.
convexa, 33, P 424-
Photis, 33, P 425.
Pyrula
anomala, 0 238, O 263, P 503,
P 544-
Belcheri, O 205.
bezoar, 0 191.
carnaria, 0 171.
lactea, 0 263, P 503.
lignaria, 0 234, 0 263, P 502.
melongena, O 294, O 364, P 501.
var., 0 263, P 501.
patula, 25, 28, 153, O 171
0 176, 0 234, O 238,0 263
O 271, O 294, 0 343,0 364
P 500, P 544.
rapa, 7.
reticulata, 0 171.
spirata, 7, 0 171.
subrostrata, 0 176, O 238, 0
293, P 544-
turbinelloides, 0 263.
ventricosa, O 174, O 236, 0 294,
P 453-
vespertilio, 0 171.
Pythina
rugifera, 88, 129.
sublaevris, 0 248, 0 308, P 1 12
Radius
jequalis, O 328.
avena, 24, 154, 0 328.
Californicua, O 328.
Radius
emargiuatus, 0 328,
inflexus, 0 328.
similis, 24.
Raeta
canaliculata, 100, 126, 167, 204.
undulata, 21, 100, 126, 167.
Ranella
albofaseiata, 0 163,0 185 0338.
anceps, O 238, O 294, 0 338,
P544-
argus, 0 294.
bufonia, 0 294.
cselata, 24, no, 182, 0 231, 0
270, O 294, 0 338.
Californica, 15, 27, no, 147,
170, 0 205, 0 338, 0 351.
convoluta, O 231, 0 338.
crumena, 0 171.
crumenoides, 0171.
granifera, 0 172.
muriciformis, 0 182, 0 201,
O 238, O 283, 0 338, 0 351,
P 544.
nana, O 163, 0 176, 0 185, 0
208, O 238, 0 271, 0 338, P
544-
nitida, 24, 182, 0 231, 0 271,
0338.
pectinata, 0 338.
plicata, 0 271, 0 338.
pyramidalis, 24, 0 182, 0 238,
0 294.
scabra, 0 294.
semigranosa, 0 270, 0 294.
triqueta, 13, 24, 34, 102, 153,
0 201, 0 285,0 338, 0 351,
V 227.
tuberculata, 0 338.
var., 0 297.
ventricosa, 15, 147, 17°, ° 235«
vexillum, 0 294, 0 297.
Rangia
trigona, O 232, 0 246, P 52.
Rapana
nux, 0 262.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Recluzia
Rollandiana, 62, 0 297, 0 316.
Rhinoclavis
gemmata, 7, 24, 108, 152, 185.
Rhizochilus
asper, 0 287, 0 297, O 340.
Californicus, 35, in, 180, 0
262, 0 287, P 484.
distans, 34, 35, 180, P 484.
foveolatus, 0 340.
gibbosus, P 485.
madreporarura, 155.
niveus, P 484.
nux, 25, 34, 35, in, 180, 0262,
0 269, 0 340, P 484.
Rhodea
Californica, 158.
Rhynchonella
lucida, 72.
psittacea, 71, 93, 122, 168.
Ricinula
alveolata, 0 187, 0 293.
arachuoidea, 0 176.
carbonaria, 181, 0 231, 0 270.
contracta, 0 187.
elegans, 0 176.
heptagon alls, 0 187.
jugosa, 181, O 270.
Reeviana, 181, 0 270.
zonata, 0 187.
Rimula
cucullata, 0 209, 0 213.
galeata, 0 209.
Mazatlanica, 108, 0 252, 0 320,
P 222.
Rissoa
acutelirata, 99, 142.
albolirata, 104, 216.
arctica, 0 220.
bryerea, P 357.
clandestiua, 189, 0 273, P
257.
compacta, 89, 142.
firmata, 361, 89, 0 273, P 357.
fortis, 0 273, P 356.
Rissoa
glabra, 0 220.
incouspicua, 32, 33,36, 189, 190,
0 273,
infrequens, 189, 0 273, 0 327.
Janus, 189, 0 273, 0 327.
lirata, P 358.
notabilis, 33, 36, 189, 190, 0
273, 0 327.
proxima, P 437.
saxatilis, 0 220.
scalariformis, 36, 189, 0 273, 0
327.
striata, 0 238, P 356, P 542.
Rissoina
ambigua, 230.
Catesbyana, 0 364.
Clandestine, 109, 0 327.
expansa, 24, 293.
infrequens, 109, 293.
interfossa, 99, 142.
firmata, 24, 32, 109, 189, 0 327.
fortis, 24, 109, 0 327.
Janus, 24.
pyramidata, P 356.
scalariformis, 32.
striata, 24, 109, 0 257, 0 327,
P356.
Woodwardii, 24, 189, 0 257,
0 327, 0 364, P 356, P 357.
Rocellaria
ovata, 121.
Rostellaria
indurata, 0 367.
Rotella
lineata, 0 222.
Rupellaria
Cordieri, 127.
exarata, 0 244, 0 299, P 20.
foliacea, 154, 0 299.
lamellifera, 22, 25, 26, 127, 0
299, 0 349, V 214.
lingua-felis, 106, 0 244, 0 299,
P 20.
paupercula, 0 299.
100
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Sanguinolaria
Calit'omica, 0 221.
Californiaua, 12, 62, 86, 125,
0 301, V 212.
decora, 70, 0 226.
fusca, 62, 0 221.
graudis, 0 228, 0 349.
miniata, 23, 27, 29, 35, 49, 154,
0 231, 0 245, O 301, P 548,
U 199.
Nuttallii, 26, 70, 124, 151, 169,
O 195, 0 207, O 226, 0 234,
0 301, 0 35I,°352-
ovalis, 49.
Pacifica, V 212.
Saxicava
tennis, 38, 203, 0 279, 0 299.
Sazidomus
aratus, 12, 73, 86, 127.
brevisiphonatus, 93, 127, 251.
giganteus, 12, 0 196, 0 299, V
215.
Nuttallii, 12, 74, 76, 86, 127,
0 192, 0 196, 0 203, O 210,
0 232, 0 234, 0 299, 0 349,
0 351, V 215.
Petitii, 12, 17, 0 196, 0 299, 0
349-
squalidus, 12, 14, 20, 22, 86, 91,
127, O 192.
purpurea, 49, 0 226, 0 231, Scalaria
0 245, 0 301, 0 352, P 31,
P 548, U 199-
rubroradiata, 12, 0 301, V 212.
tellinoides, 49, 0 286, ° 3O1
P3L
Saxicava
abrupta, 76.
arctica, 118, 123, 0 244, 0 296,
0 299, 0 365, 0 366, P 1 6,
P24.
California, 120, 0 196, V 214.
carditoides, 120, 0 196, 0 232,
0 234, V 214.
clava, 15, 0 203.
Cordieri, 0 232, P 16.
distorta, 70, 0 221.
fragilis, 256.
Gallicana, 0 221.
GrcBiilandica, 0 221.
lamellifcra, 0 234.
legumen, 14, 15, I23, ° 2O2>
0 203.
pholadis, 14, 15, 22, 26, 7°, 88,
91, 105, 123, 124, 151, 1 66,
168, 0 202, 0 219, O 221,
O 223, 0 232, 0 279, 0 299,
0351.
rngosa, 70, 91, 0 22I> p *5
P 16.
solida, P 16.
aciculina, 0 207, 0 336.
australis, 18, 114, 0 210, 0
336.
bellastriata, 99, 146.
borealis, 0 212.
crassilabris, 0 238, P 542.
crebicostata, 99, 146.
Cumingii, 99, 146, 0 284, 0
336, S 165.
diadema, 33, 0 181, P 448.
Dianse, 0 206, 0 336.
Elenensis, 33.
funiculata, 33, 0 260.
gracilis, 146.
Groenlandica, 71, 0 216, 0 223,
0336.
hexagona, 192, 0 260, 0 274,
O 285, 0 336, P 446.
Hindsii, 24, 0 284, 0 336, S 165.
Indianorum, 114, 146, 169, 244.
var. 99.
indistincta, 0 285, 0 288, 0 336.
Mindorensis, S 164.
mitraformis, 0 186, 0 336, P
446, Q 235, S 165.
obesa, S 164.
obtusa, 192, 0 274, 0 336.
Ochotensis, 20, O 216, 0 220,
O 223.
planicosta, O 216.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
101
Scalaria
raricostata, 33, 0 260, 0 336,
P447-
regularis, 244, 0 284, 0 336,
S 164.
reflexa, 0 288. 0 336, Q 235.
statuminata, 0 230, O 336.
subcorouata, 99, 146.
) subnodosa, 0 284, 0 336, S
165.
subulata, 0 216.
suprastriata, 0 260, 0 336, P
446, P 447-
tiara, no, 0 284, 0 336, S 164.
?var. tiiicta, 146, 151, 244.
Turtonis, 244.
venosa, 0 230.
vulpiua, 0 206, 0 336.
Scapharca
bifrons, 24, 154.
emarginata, 24.
labiata, 24.
nux, 24.
Schizopyga
Californiana, 79.
Schizothaerus
Nuttallii, 22, 25, 26, 69, 72, 76,
86, 123, 126, 169.
maxiuius, 123.
Scintilla
Cuiningii, 0 186.
Scissurella
rimuloides, 34, 258.
Scrobicularia
alta, 26.
angulata, Q 230.
biangularis, 0 303.
biangulata, 12, 0 195, Q 230,
V2I3.
Dombeyi, var. 272.
producta, 40, 272, 0 284, 0 287,
0 3°3, Q 230, S 1 60.
viridotincta, 0 284, 0 303, S 160.
Scutalus
protetis, 158.
Xantusi, 158.
Scutellina
navicelloides, 31,37, I97|0 252,
0 319, P 211.
Scurria
(?y«r.) funiculata, 98, 136.
initra, 23, 26, 79, 84, 136, 170,
0 173, 0 174, 0 190, 0 199,
0 202, 0 209, 0 234, 0 297,
0 319, 0 348, P292, V 222.
pallida, 79, 0 284.
scurra, 170, V 222.
Segmentina
Donbilli, 44.
Seila
assimilata, 33, P 445.
Semele
bicolor, 29, 105, O 303.
California, 0 287.
var. 105, 151, 0 303.
corrugata, 126.
decisa. 22, 26, 126, 0 231, 0 303,
0351, V 213.
elliptica, 0 303, P 28.
flavescens, 29, 39, 48, 105, 203,
0 245, 0 303, 0 351, P 28, P
548, U 199.
flavicans, 48, 0 231, 0 279.
incongrua, 97, 126.
obliqua, 0 284, 0 303.
planata, 0 284, 0 303, S 160.
proxiraa, 39, 154, 203, 0 226,
0 231, 0 245, 0 279, O 303,
P 548, U 199-
pulchra, 23, 39, 78, 97, 126, 154,
203, 0 303.
punctata, 0 304, S 160.
rubrolineata, 22, 113, 126, 0
163, 0 232, 0 303, 0 351, V
212.
rubrotincta, 0 284, 0 352.
rupium, 97, 126, 170, 0 304,
0359-
simplex, 0 163, 0 195, 0 232,
V 212.
striosa, 203, 0 303.
tortuosa, 0 303.
102
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Semele
ventricosa, 203, 0 303.
venusta, 23, 29, 154, 203, 0 245,
0 303, P 28.
Senectus
funiculatus, 4.
sqnamigerns, 24, 154.
Septifer
bifurcatus, 26, 129, 151.
Cnmiiigianus, 106, 0 309.
Serpula
incurvata,*X 436.
recta, X 425, X 436.
regularis, 42.
Serpulorbis
Panamensis, 42.
squamigerus, 23, 27, 100, 140.
Serripes
Grcenlandicus, 70, 88, 128, 168.
Laperousii, 128.
Serrula
Carpenter!, 0 287.
Sigaretus
coriaceus, 0 176, 0 216.
debilis, 27, O 228, O 233, 0 337,
0 352, U 207.
fenestratus, 0 259, P 408.
inflatus, O 275.
millegranus, 0 170, P 408.
scopulosus, 0 367.
tessellatus, 0 294, P 407.
Siliqua
lucida, 120, O 195, V 211.
Nuttallii, 120, 124, 0 195, V 211.
Siliquaria
gibba, 39.
Simnia
patula, P 375.
Sipho
terebalis, 73.
Siphonalia
anomala, 152.
fuscotincta, 23, 149, 288.
Kellettii, 74, 149, 169, 289.
modificata, 152.
pallida, 28, 49, 112.
Siphonaria
fequilirata, 107, 112, 151, 152,
162, 0 251, 0 290, 0316, P 184.
sequilorata, 0 290, P 550.
amara, 48, 162, 0 290.
characteristica, 197, 0 185, O
276, O 282, 0 290.
costata, 0 185, 0 276, 0316.
denticulata, O 239, P 546.
ferruginea, 31.
gigantea, 0 229.
gigas, 24, 152, 197, 0 174, 0
276, 0 282, 0 290, 0 316, 0
359, T 1 68, U 205. .
var. O 276.
lateralis, 133, 170, 238.
lecanium, 24, 31, 107, 162, 256,
O 208, 0 225, 0 235, 0 251,
0 290, 0 316, P 182, P 184,
P 535, P 536.
var. 0 239.
: — t-ar. palmata, 0 251, P
183.
leviuscula, 152.
manra, 24, 31, 162, 0 185, 0
276, 0 316.
palmata, 24, 31, 107, 162.
pentegoniostoma, P 212.
pica, 37, 197, O 276, 0 285, 0
316.
scutellum, 0 203, 0 316, 0 359.
thersites, 47, 113, 133, 162, 170,
237.
Tristensis, 47, 113.
Siphonium
var. centiqnadra, 42.
effusum, 42.
lituella, 42.
margaritamm, 42.
xnegamastum, 42.
var. spinosum, 44.
snbcrenatum, 44.
Sistrum
carbonarium, 25, in.
(fochro.stoma, var.') rufono-
tatum, 105, 220.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
103
Skenea
rota, X 415, X 426.
Verranxii, 62.
Smaragdinella
thecaphora, 0 250, 0313, P 533.
Solariella
aspecta, 98.
peramabilis, 98, 139.
Solarium
setliiops, 0 294.
bicaiialiculatuni, 7, 0 170.
cyclostoma, 0 294.
granosutn, 0 170, P 408.
grariulatum, 15, 24, 27, 36, 58.
no, 153, 191, 0 170, 0 236,
0 237, 0 274, 0 333, P 536,
P 54i.
granulatum, var. 58.
granulosum, 15.
placentale, 58, 0 206, 0 333.
placentula, 58.
quadriceps, 15, 27, 58, no, 153,
191, 0 206, 0 234, 0 235, 0
274, 0 333.
variegatum, 63, 0 294, P 407.
verrucosum, 58.
Solecardia
eburnea, 0 265, V 209.
Solecurtus
affinis, 39, 205, 0 245, 0 280,
0 301, P 27.
ambiguus, 48.
Californianus, 12, 22, 26, 124,
170, 0 195, 0 231, 0 284, 0
3OI, 0 351, V 212.
Californicus, 0 349.
Californiensis, 78.
Caribbseus, 39, 205.
Carpenter!-, 29.
Dombeyi, 12, 48, 124, 170.
lucidus, 12, 120,0 195,0 211,
V 211.
maximus, 120, 124, V 211.
Nnttallii, 12, 87, 120, 0 195, 0
222, V 211.
politus, 29, 0 245, 0 301, P 27.
Solecurtus
radiatus, 120, 0 195, 0 211, V
211.
splendens, V 211.
subteres, 22, 124, 0 195, 0 231,
0 234, O 301,0 349, 0 351.
violascens, 151, 0 282, 0 301,
P27.
Solemya
pusilla, 73.
valvulus, 104, 210.
velum, 73.
ventricosa, 164, 0 367.
Solen
altus, 0 175, O 222.
acutidens, 0 175.
auabiguus, 6, 7, 8, 20.
Americanus, 0 222.
Californianus, 0 61.
corneus, 73.
Dombei, 61.
ensis, 0 222.
gracilis, 73.
maximus, 9, 87, 0 211, 0 212,
0 213, 0 222, O 231.
medius, 7, 20, 0 222.
minutus, 0 221.
Nuttalli, 0 231.
patulus, 5, 9.
rudis, 6, 39, 205, 0 280, 0 301.
sicarius, 26, 74, 87, 124, 169,
0 209, 0 212, 0 213, 0 301.
(? var.) rosaceus, 22, 124,
279.
splendens, 120, 0 195, 0 222.
strictus, 73.
subteres, 61.
tenuis, 0 175, 0 222.
Solena
ambigua, 39.
media, 39.
obliqua, 39, 205.
Soletellina
obscurata, 70.
Spliae ilia
bilirata, 118.
104
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Sphaenia
Binghami, P 16, P 24.
Californiea, 78, 87, 0 194, 0
211, 0 284, 0 301, 0 349, 0
351, V 210.
fragilis, 29, 39, 105, 0 244, 0
300, P 24, P 530.
luticola, 29.
ovalis, 168.
ovoidea, 88, 123.
Sphaerella
tuniida, 30, 129.
Sphaerium
dentatura, 164.
lenticula, 165.
meridionale, 165.
nobile, 165.
occidentale, 116, 165.
ovale, 165.
patella, 165.
Spokani, 91, 165.
striatinnm, 116, 164.
subtransversum, 165.
tumidum, 91, 165.
Spiraxis
Cobanensis, 44.
Lattrei, 44.
Shuttleworthii, 44.
Spiroglyphus
albidus, 43.
lituella, 27, 108, 140.
Spisula
fragilis, P 51.
Spondylus
calcifer, 24, 107, 199, 256, 258,
0 241, 0 250, 0 277, 0312,
P 547, P 548, P 550-
erassisquama, O 233.
dubius, 0 182, O 312, P 153.
ducalis, P 153.
Estrellanus, 81.
Lamarckii, 199, 0 250, 0 277,
P 153, P 547-
limbatus, 43, 0 290, 0 312.
pictorum, 0 233, 0 234, 0 265.
var. P 153.
Spondylus
priuceps, 0312.
var. 0 182.
radula, 0 290, 0 312.
varians, O 233.
Victories, 41.
! Standella
Californiea, 22,99, IJ3j I26, 151.
falcata, 126.
fragilis, 27, 106.
nasuta, 12, 99, 126.
planulata, 99, 126.
velata, 204.
Stenotrema
gerinana, I57«
Stephopoma
var. bispinosa. 42.
pennatum, 42.
Stoa
ainmonitiformis, 42.
subcreuata, 44.
Stomatella
inflata, 37, 194, 0 275, 0 320.
Stramonita
petrosa, 76.
Strategus
inerunis, 94, 95.
Strebloceras
anellum, 43.
cornuoides, X 441, X 443.
solutum, X 441, X 443.
Strephona
incrassata, P 464.
Pedroana, 76.
Strigatella
effnsa, O 339.
tristis, 24, no, 151, 177, 0 261,
0 339, P 461.
Strigilla
carnaria, 23, 27, 102, 151, 154,
0 195, 0 224, 0 227, O 228,
0 245, 0 303, 0 350, O 353,
0 363, P 39, P 40, U 200.
dichotoma, 0 224, 0 303.
disjuncta, 40, 0 284, O 303, S
' 1 60.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
105
Strigilla
effusa, 0 361.
ervilia, 0 224, 0 303.
fucata, 29, 38, 0 227, 0 228, 0
245, 0 279, 0 363, U 200.
lenticula, 105, O 224, 0 245, 0
303, P 4L
miniata, 0 245, P 40, U 200.
pisiformis, 23, 0 224, 0 303, 0
363-
sincera, 23, 40, 105, 203, 0
303, S 1 60.
tristis, 0 361.
Strombina
angularis, 0 344.
bicanalifera, 25, 180, 0 344, *0
361.
dorsata, 180, 0 344.
elegaus, 0 344.
fusiformis, 0 344.
gibberula, 25, 112, 151,180,0
344-
lanceolata, 0 344, 0 361.
uiacuiosa, 112, 0 263, 0 344, P,
513.
recurva, 25.
turrita, 181, 0 344.
Strombus
bituberculatus, 10.
cancellatus, 7.
crenatus, 187, 0 258, P 300,
galea, 43, 0 179, 0 241, O 258,
0 270, 0 282, P 302, P 381.
galeatus, 24, 109, 0 187, 0 238,
0 270, 0 329, P 544.
gigas, 0 364, P 382.
gracilior, 24, 27, 109, 153, 0 174,
0 179, 0 187, 0 233, 0 235,
0 238, 0 270, 0 282, 0 329,
O 352, 0 364, P 383, P 544.
granulatus, 7, 24, 27, 109, 0 2,
0 174, 0 179, 0 187, 0 230,
0 235, 0 238, O 258, 0 270,
0 282, 0 329, O 360, P 382,
I' 544-
lentiginosus, 0 238, P 544.
Strombus
inarmoratus, P 335.
muricatus, P 335.
Peruvianus, 10, 0 270, 0 329,
O 364, P 382.
pugilis, 0 364.
vittatus, 0 367.
Stylifer
astericola, 0 281, 0 335, 0 360.
Styliferina
turrita, 99, 143.
Styloptygma
claiusiliformis, 33, P 126.
Subula
luctuosa, 109, 0 258, 0 329, P
387-
strigata, 109, 0 329.
varicosa, 177, 0 329.
Sticcinea
aperta, 162.
aurea, 159.
brevis, 0 296.
cingulata, 159, 0 240, 0 315.
• Hawkinsii, 90, 159.
lineata, 120.
tfuttalliana, 85, 159.
Oregonensis, 159, 0 198, 0 315,
V 220.
ovalis, 159.
putris, 44, 93, 0 222.
rotuudata, 162.
rusticaua, 93, 116, 159, 0 209,
0315.
Surcula
funiculata, P 390.
Sycotypus
Ocoyanus, 77.
Syphopatella
aspersa, 0 275.
conica, P 265.
lichen, P 266.
mamillaris, P 266.
regularis, 195.
sordida, 0 184.
Syrnola
lamellata, 33, no, P 411.
10G
INDEX OP SPECIES.
Tapes
Adamsii, 74, 304.
decussata, 74, 127.
Deshayesii, 58.
discors, 23, 78, 0 306, P 77.
diversa, 12, 56, 72, 76, 86, 127,
304, O 203, 0 284, 0 289, 0
306.
florida, U 200.
fluctuosa, 39.
fuscolineata, 23, 211.
geographioa, U 200.
graoilis, 75, 7«, 0 227, 0 284,
0 306, 0 352, U 200.
granulata, 55, 0 364, P 76, P
78.
grata, 23, 27,38, 55, 58, 78, 151,
201, O 247, 0 278, 0 282, 0
306, 0 352, P 77.
var. 56, 151.
histrionica, 27, 38, 201, 0 203,
0 247, O 278, 0 306, 0 352,
0 364, P 76, P 77, V 215.
Inezensis, 81.
laciniata, 26, 57, 127, 304.
linteata, 80.
maxima, 0 232.
montana, 81.
mundulus, 127.
var. orbella, 127.
Petitii, 127.
var. 70, 74, 76, 91.
pectunculoides, 0 306.
regularis, 119.
rigida, 127.
var. ruderata, 127.
squamosa, 106, 0 247, 0 306,
P78.
staminea, ) 12, 17, 22, 26, 56,
strarainea, J 76, 78,86, 91, 127,
151, 152, 304, 0
306, 0 349, 0
35i, 0 352, P 76,
V2i5.
tenerrima, 17,22, 100, 127,304,
0 227, 0 229, 0 306, U 200.
Tapes
turaida, 127, 0 196, 0 306, V
214.
Tectarius
coronatus, 0 170.
Tectura
persona, 16.
textilis, 16.
Tecturella
grandis, 31, 47, 136, 310.
Tedinia
pernoides, 0 250, 0 286, P 165.
Tegula
elegans, 10.
flammea, 61.
pellis-serpentis, 24, 61, 0 170,
0 282, 0 288, 0 321.
strigilata, 0 282.
Teinostoma
amplectaus, 0 254, 0 322, P
253, P 254.
minutum, 0 273, 0 322.
substriatum, 0 254, 0 322, P
254.
Tellidora
Burneti, 14, 29, 226, 0 234, 0
245, 0 297, 0 303, 0 364, P
548.
crystallina, 202.
lunulata, 14.
Tellina
albaria, 0 367.
alta, 12, 125, 0 195, 0 302, 0
349, V 213.
alternata, 29, 0 245, P 35.
alternidentata, 9, O 175, 0 221,
0347.
amplectans, 155.
angulosa, 0 245, P 35.
arctata, 165, 0 367.
atra, 0 219.
aurora, 202, 0 186, 0 279, 0
3°3-
balthica, 20, 0 221.
biinaculata, 0 363.
bitruncata, 0 367.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
10T
Tellina
Bodegensis, 69, 86, 125, 169, 0
207, 0 211, 0 219, 0 224, 0
234, O 302, O 349.
brevirostris, 0 245, 0 287, 0
302, P 38.
Broderipii, 0 245, 0 302, P 32.
Burneti, 0 175, 0 203, P 39,
P83.
calcarea, 0 221, 0 232.
Californica, 18, 0 211, 0 302.
carnaria, 0 221, O 222, P 39,
P 40, U 200.
cicercula, 0 224, 0 236, P 534,
P 539-
cognata, 38, 202, 0 279, 0 303,
0364-
Columbiensis, 202, 0 279, 0 303.
concinua, O 279.
congest i, 75.
crystallina, 202, 0 279, 0 303.
Cumingii, 27, 105, 202, 0 186,
0 234, 0 245, 0 279, 0 302, P
36.
Dariena, 77.
decumbens, 271.
delicatula, 0 245, 0 287, 0 302,
P37-
denticuiata, O 245, O 302, P 38.
Deshayesii, 0 284, 0 303, S 160.
dichntoraa, 0 224, P 534.
Diegoana, 75.
divaricata, P 99.
Dombeyi, 202, 272, 0 186, 0
245, 0 279, O 302, P 33.
donaciformis, P 34.
donacilla, O 245, 0 302, 0 366,
P34, P53I-
donacina, 0 366, P 34.
eburnea, 29, 0 245, 0 302.
edentula, 86, 0 175, 0 195, 0
219, 0 223, O 301, V 213.
elougata, 0 186, 0 279, 0 302.
emaeerata, 165, O 367.
ervilia, 0 224, P 534.
fabagella, 73.
Tellina
Fabricii, 0 221.
fausta, 0 284, 0 303.
felix, 23, 38, 73, 202, 203, 0
186, 0 228, 0 245, 0 279, 0
302, P 34-
frigida, 0 221.
fucata, 0 227, U 200.
fusca, 20, 0 221.
gemma, 75, 0 227, 0 232, 0 302,
0 352, U 200.
Grcenlandica, 0 175.
gubernaculum, 0 186, 0 302.
Guilfordise, 9, 0 221.
Hanleyi, 105.
hiberna, 0 186, 0 303.
insequalis, 230.
inconspicua, 62, 0 175, 0 221,
0347.
inquinata, 0 192, 0 302.
insculpta, 0 186, 0 302
Japonica, 14.
laceridens, 202, 0 186, 0 279,
0 302.
lamellata, 0 245, 0 302, P 37.
laminata, 39.
lata, 0 219, O 221, 0 223, O 301.
lenticnla, 0 224, P 41, P 534.
ligamentina, 14, 0 195, V 213.
lingua-felis, P 20,
lintea, 0 193.
lubrica, 73.
lutea, 9, 0 219, O 221, 0 223,
0 301.
Mazatlanica, 40, 0 302, P 33.
miniata, 0 226, P 31, P 548, U
199.
muricata, 9, P 98.
nasuta, 86, 302, 0 192, 0 211-
0 219, 0 221, 0 223, 0 232,
O 234, 0 283 0 296, 0 347,
0351, 0367, V 213.
ocbracea, 104, 210.
opercularis, 47, 154.
operculata, 8, 47, 0 245, 0 363,
P32.
108
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Tellina
Panaineusis, 0 295, 0 303.
Pedroana, 75.
perna, 0 366.
petaluin, O 170, 0 302.
pisiformis, 60, 0 224, P 102.
plebeia, 0 186, O 302.
princeps, 154, 0 186, 0 282, 0
302.
prora, 202, 0 279. 0 303.
proxima, 0 178, 0 221.
puella, 23, 38, 202, 0 245, 0
279, O 302, P 37.
punicea, 8, 23, 154, 0 245, 0
279, 0 302, O 363, P 35.
pura, 21, 29, 40, 0 227, 0 232,
0 302, 0 351, U 199.
pnrpurea, 29, P 33.
regia, 0 186, 0 232, 0 302.
regularis, 0 245, 0 302, P 36.
rhodora, 0 284, O 303.
rosea, 35.
rubella, 23.
rubescens, 105, 202, 0 186, 0
282, O 302, P 32.
rufescens, 47, 0 208, 0 246, 0
296, 0 302, 0 363, 0 366, P 32.
rugosa, 9.
siliqua, 202, 0 279, 0 303.
similis, 0 364.
solidula, 20, 0 170, 0 219, 0
221, 0 223, O 301.
sordida, 0 221.
straminea, 0 245, 0 287, 0 302,
P34-
striatw, 155, P 35.
suborbicularis, P 105.
tersa, 20, 272, 0 226, 0 228,
0 303, U 199.
triangularis, 221.
vicina, 12, 38, 78, 126, 203, 0
232, 0 279, O 284, 0 302, 0
351,0363, U20I.
virgo, 0 189, 0 302.
Tellimya
bideutalis, 303.
Tellimya
lactea, P 105.
suborbicuiaris, P 105.
tenuis, P 105.
tumkla, 88, 97, 129.
Tellinides
purpureus, 0 175, P 32.
Terebra
aciculata, 0 185, 0 285, P 388,
P389.
Africana, 51, 61, 0 285, 0 288,
P384.
albocincta, 51, 0 226, 0 258,
P vi., P 384, P 386.
arguta, 0 228, 0 233, 0 258,
P 388, U 206.
armillata, 51, 0 206, 0 239, 0
258, 0 366, P 384, P 545-
aspera, 51, 0 185.
Belcheri, 0 296.
castanea, 51.
cinerea, 51, 0 364.
dislocata, 51.
elata, 177, 0 185. 0 267.
elongata, 51.
flammea, 41, 51, 61, 0 207.
formosa, 41.
frigata, 0 189.
fulgurata, 0 225, 0 228, 0 233,
0 236, 0 352, P 535, P 537,
P552-
Hindsii, 51, 0 258.
Hupei, 51.
incomparabilis, 41.
insignis, 41.
interstincta, 0 366.
intertincta, 51, P 384.
Jamaicensis, 51. v
larvaeforniis, 41, 177, 0 267.
laurina, 51.
lingualis, 109, 0 206, 0 330.
Loroisi, 51.
luctuosa, 51, 63, 0 206, 0 239,
o 364, P 387, P 545-
marginata, 51.
ornata, 0 185,0207,0330,0360.
'INDEX OF SPECIES.
109
Terebra
Petiveriana, 41, 51.
robusta, 24, 0 206, 0 230, 0
267, 0 282, 0 330, 0 350.
rudis, 51.
rufooinerea, 51, 0 258.
Salleana, 41.
specillata, 41, 101, 0 206, O 267,
0 268, O 330.
strigata, 10, 46, 51, 155, 0 174,
0 207.
strigosa, 61.
stylata, 51.
subnodosa, 51, 0 258.
textilis, 0 206.
tuberculosa, 154, 177, 0 206,
O 268.
uva, 0 330.
varicosa, 177, 0 206, 0 268.
variegata, 51, 61, 0 235, 0 239,
0 285, 0 288, 0 352, P 384,
P 463, P 545.
zebra, 10, 41, 51, 0 207.
Terebratella
angustata, 250.
caput-serpentis, 93, 122.
caurina, 18, 97, 122.
Coreanica, 122, 169.
dorsata, 122.
frontalis, 122.
globosa, 122.
miniata, 20, 72, 122.
vitrca, 122.
Terebratula
aiigusta, 54-
Belcberi, 54.
Californica, 54, 60, 72, 0 289.
caput-serpentis, 54. 249, 250.
xsaurina, 18, 54, 0 210, 0 298,
0348.
dilatata, 54.
frontalis, 20, 0 218, 0 221, 0
223.
Gaudichaudi, 54.
globosa, 54, 72.
Grayi, 70, 72.
Terebratula
Japonica, 54.
nitens, 1 66, 0 367.
physema, 54.
psittacea, O 218, 0 223.
pulvinata, 18, 72, 0 210, 0 213,
0 298, 0 348.
radiata, 54.
trausversa, 72.
unguiculus, 93, 97, 122, 249,
250.
uva, 54, 0 265.
vitrea, 54, 72.
Terebratuliria
Japonica, 54.
radiata. 54.
Teredo
fimbriata, 91.
substriata, 0 367.
Thaumastus
Californicus, 158.
Theliostyla
Bernhardi, P 257.
Theora
lubrica, 73.
Thracia
alta, 0 280.
curta, 26, 88, 124, 0 194, 0 300,
0349, V 2 10.
granulosa, 0 231.
mactropsis, 79.
phaseolina, 202.
plicata, 27, 50, 0 231, 0 297.
0352.
squamosa, 105, 0 287, 0 300, O
366, Q 229.
trapezoides, 165, 0 367.
villosiuscula, 0 366.
Thylacodes
contortus, 43, 44.
contortula, 43, 44.
cruciformis, 43.
electrina, 43.
var. indentata, 43.
favosar 43.
oryzata, 44.
110
INDEX OF SPECIES. '
Thylacodes
re pens, 43.
Riisei, 43.
squauiigera, 43.
Tiara
forainiuata, 0 185, 0 261, P
460.
muricata, 0 185.
Tivela
arguta, 60.
Tonicia
Brandti, 0 317.
cremilata, 0 317.
Eschsclioltzii, 0 317.
Forbesii, 0 252, 0 317, P 193.
insignis, 0 317.
lineata, 134, 170, 0 317.
var. 134.
lineolata, 134, 170.
Merckii, 0317.
Sitclieusis, 0 317.
Torinia
areola, 0 192, P 407.
bicanaliculata, 0 333.
granosa, 0 259, 0 333, P 408.
rotundata, 36.
variegata, 24, 32, 63, 69, 0 192,
0 238, 0 259, 0 274, 0 297,
0 333, 0 363, P 407.
Tornatella
punctocselata, 132, 307.
Tornatellina
Cuinitigiana, 0 186, 0 315.
Tornatina
carinata, 37, 97, 133, r94, 0 250,
0313, P 171-
cerealis, 23, 133,0 227,0 313,
0349, P 171,^203.
culcitella, 23, 133, 0 313, 0 349,
U203.
eximia, 89, 90, 133, 166.
incalta, 79, 0 227, 0 313, O 351,
U203.
infrequens, 154, 194, 0 250, 0
275,0313,0366, P 171-
gracilis, P 171-
Trachydermon
dentieiis, 135.
flecteus, 135.
Gothicus, 98, 135.
Hartwegii, 135.
interstiuctus, 135.
Nuttallii, 113, 135.
pseudodeutiens, 98, 135.
reteporosus, 135.
trifidus, 135.
Trapezium
Californicum, 102, 0' 306, 0
349-
Tresus
capax, 76.
maximus, ir, 123, 0 192.
Tribulus
Caroletisis, P 480.
Trichotropis
Atlantica, 0 217.
bicarinata, 48, 6 1, 70, 71, 0 176,
0 220, 0 223, 0 328.
borealis, 20, 146, 176, 0 211, 0
217, 0 223, 0 328, 0 347, 0
348.
cancellata, 20, 114, 147, 0 206,
0 210, 0 211, 0 213, 0 217, 0
328.
ciliata, 72.
coronata, 7°i 72-
costellata, 0 217.
Gouldii, 40, 0 288.
inermis, 114, H^, 0 207, 0 217,
0328.
insignis, 70, 71, 0 217, 0 223,
0328.
wmlticaudata, 70.
Sowerbiensis, 61, 0 220.
umbilicata, 0217.
Trigona
sequilatera, P 549-
argentina, 27, O 202, 0 234, 0
246, 0 305, P 58.
bicolor, 0 366, P 59.
Byronensis, O 246, P 54.
corbicula, O 232, 0 234.
INDEX OP SPECIES.
Ill
Trigona
crassatelloides, 10, 22, 0 196,
0 229, 0 232, 0 234, 0 246,
O 305, O 349, 0 351, P 58,
V 216.
Dillwyni, P 55.
gracilior, P 55.
Hindsii, 23, 154, 155, 0 241, P
55-
, var. 0 229, 0 366.
huinilis, 0 246, 0 305, P 57.
intermedia, P 55.
mactroides, 60, 0 192, 0 229,
0 364, P 55-
nitidula, 106.
planulata, 23, 27, O 229, 0 234,
0 246, 0 305, 0 366, P 59.
radiata, 27, 106, 201, 0 192,
0 229, 0 232, 0 234, 0 241,
0 246, 0 305, O 364, P 54,
P 55, P 56, P 58, P 59-
semifulva, P 56.
stultorum, 10, 12.
tantilla, 0 229, 0 305, U 201.
tripla, 0 366, P 55.
undulata, P 59.
ventricosa, P 55.
Trigonella
crassatelloides, 0 196, 0 207,
0 296, 0 353, 0 V 216.
Triodopsis
loricata, 157.
Mullani, 157.
omphalia
pulcherrima, 121.
Triforis )
Triphoris )
ad versa, 99, 114, 146, 169.
alternata, 36, no, 155, 186,
0 256, 0 272, 0 325, P 341.
inconspicua, 32, 186, 0 256,
0 272, 0 325, P 341, P 342.
infrequens, 32, 186, 0 256, 0
272, 0 325, P 342.
Trio pa
Catalinoe, 95.
Triton
anomalus, 0 205, 0 337.
cancellatus, 83, 0 218.
Chemnitzii, 182, 0 iSS, 0 235,
0 238, 0 261, 0 265, 0 270,
P 455, V 209.
ciliatus, 0 218.
cingulatus, 182.
clandestine, 0 292, 0 338, 0
360.
constrictus, 182, 0 231, 0 270,
0337-
crebristriatus, 0 284, 0 337,
S 165.
decussatus, 0 270.
elegans, 61.
eximius, 0 284, 0 337.
fusoides, 182, 0 270, 0 337.
gibbosus, 0 182, 0 270, 0 337.
lignarius, 24, 0 182, 0 205, 0
271,0337.
liueatus, 0 182, 0 188, 0 360.
nodosus, 0 261, P 455.
Oregonensis, 83, 119, 0 210.
pagodus, 178, 0 1 86, 0 268,
0 292, P 497, P 552.
parvus, 0 284.
perforatus, 0 261, 0 265, P 455,
V 209.
pilearis, 24, 0 364.
pictus, 0 185, 0 292, 0 337,
0 360, S 1 66.
reticulatus, 0 183, 0 188, 0
337, 0 360.
scaber, 10, 0 179, 0 347.
scalariformis, 0 182, 0 337.
siphonatus, 0 235.
Sowerbyi, 0 188, 0 337, 0 360.
tigrinus, 18, 24, 0 182,0 211,
0212,0337.
turriculatus, 0 188, 0 360.
vestitus, no, 0 205, 0 270, 0
337, 0 364.
, var. senior, 0 270.
Tritonia
arborescens, 0 218.
112
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Tritonia
Palmeri, 94.
Reynolds!!, 0 218.
Tritonidea
gernmata, P 516.
pagodus, 0 231, 0 235.
riugens, P 518.
sanguinoleuta, P 517.
Tritonium
angulosum, 60.
antiquum, 19, 69, 0 217, 0 220,
0 223.
Baerii, 19, 0 217, 0 223.
Behringianuui, 0 220.
Behringii, 19, 0 217, 0 223.
cancellatum, 20, 0 218, 0 223.
carinatum, 60.
cassidariseforme, 70.
Chemnitzii, 0 177.
clatkratuiu, 20, 0 217, 0 223.
commune, 0 220.
contrarium, 0 217, 0 220, 0
223.
decemcostatum, 20, 83, 0 217,
0 223.
decussatum, 0 171.
deforme, 0 217.
fornicatum, 0 220.
gracile, 0 217.
hsernastoma, 0 171.
Islandicunu, 0 217.
intertextum, 0 188.
lignariutn, 0 238, P 544.
Inridum, 19, 0 217, 0 223.
macrodon, O 171.
Mediterranean!, 0 188.
Morchianum, 60.
nodosum, 0 238, P 544.
Norvegicum, 0 217, 0 220, 0
223.
Ochotense, 19, 0 218, 0 221, 0
223.
ooides, 19, 0 218, 0 223.
Oregonense, 69.
ovoides, O 221.
ovum, 0 223.
Tritonium
reticulatum, 0 188.
Rombergi, 60.
rutilum, 60.
Sabinii, 0 217.
scabrum, 20, 0 218, 0 224.
scalariforme, 0 238, P 544.
Schantaricum, 0 217, 0 220.
0 221, 0 223.
simplex, 19, 0 218, 0 221, 0
223.
Sitchense, 18, 19, 0 217, 0 223.
tenebrosum, 0 217, 0 218, 0
221, 0 223.
undatum, 19, 0 217, 0 221, 0
223.
verrucosum, 0 263, P 517.
Triumphis
distorta, 0 288.
Trivia
California, 23, 27, 143, 151,
0 328, 0 349.
var. fusca, 0 258, 0 328, O 360,
P 378, P 545-
Maugerise, 0 328, 0 360.
Pacifica, 24, 27, 101, 109, 0
328, 0 360.
pediculus, 0 364.
pulla, 24, 0 258, 0 328, 0 360,
P379-
pustnlata, 24, 27, 109, 0 258,
0 282, 0 328, P 375, P 545-
radians, 27, 109, 0 258, 0 282,
0 328, P 376, P 377.
rubescens, 0 328, O 360, P 378.
sanguinea, 27, 101, 109, 0 258,
0 328, P 379, P 545-
Solandri, 27, 99, 109, 143, 151,
0 192, 0 258, 0 328, P 376,
P377-
subrostrata, 0 258, 0 328, O
364, P 379, P 545.
suffusa, 0 192, 0 328, 0 360,
O 364, P 379-
Trochatella
conica, 0 239, P 545.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
113
Trochatella
Larnarckii, 0 239, P 266, P 545.
mamillaris, 0 190.
trochiformis, 0 190, P 265,
Trochiscus
convexus, 23, 138, 282.
Norrisii, 23, 27, 138, 151, 0
177, O 200,0 235, 0 321,0
349, V 224.
Trochita
aspera, 52.
corrugata, 52.
costellata, 82,
Diegoana, 76.
radians, 28, 0 179, P 264, P 265.
solida, 52.
spirata, 28, 52, 0 240, O 323,
P265.
, var. 28.
subreflexa, 52.
ventricosa, 76, 0 254, 0 323,
P 264.
Trochus
angulatus, P 352.
annulatus, 3, 4, 5.
amictus, 0 203, 0 253, P 229.
Antonii, P 233.
var. 0 230.
ater, 19, 0 216, O 224, 0 230,
0235.
aureotinctus, 0 233, 0 240, V
224.
auripigmentum, 54.
balsenarum, 10, 0 204, P 230.
Belcheri, 0 296.
Brazilianus, 0 253, P 234.
brevispinosus, O 204, 0 253, P
227.
brunneus, 0 233.
Buschii, 0 229, P 227.
Byronianus, 0 179, 0 229, 0
253, P 234.
cselatus, 4, 5.
Californianus, 0 199.
Californicus, 35, O 233.
callichrons, 0 296.
8
Trochus
callicoccus, 0 296.
calyptrseformis, P 552.
canaliculatus, 3, 4, 5.
castaneus, 0 200, O 240, 0 286,
V224.
cateniferus, O2oo,0 233, 0 240,
V 224.
catenulatus, 191, 0 238, 0 274,
P 352, P 542.
conulus, 0 163.
coromilatus, 191, 0 274.
costatus, 3, 84.
decarinatus, 6-
diadetuatus, 14.
digitatus, 53.
disculus, 0 225, 0 274, P 535.
doliarius, 4, 5, 8, O 200, 0 230,
0 233, 0 234, V 224.
dorsuosua, 0 274.
erythrophthalmus, 0 253, 0
296, P 227.
euryomphalus, 19,0 216, 0 224.
eximius, 0 253, P 232.
filosus, 19, 84, O 179, O 200,
O 209, 0 230, 0 234, 0 349,
0351, V 224.
Fokkesii, 19, 0224, P 223.
gallinus, 0 200, 0 230, 0 235,
0 240, V 224.
gibberosus, 53.
gigas, 53.
glomus, 0 238, 0 253, P 236,
P542.
Hillii, 0 240.
inaequalie, 3, 4.
inermis, 0 229, 0 293, 0 296.
in-fauce-nigerrimus, 28.
Japonicus, 53.
Leanus, 36, 191,0 274.
ligatus, 84, 0 200, 0 209, 0 230,
0 286, V 224.
ligulatus, 0 238, P 235, P 542.
lima, 14, 36, 191, 272, O 274.
lividus, 36, 192, 0274.
Inridus, O 200, V 224.
114
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Trochus
MacAudrese, 0 253, 0 284, P
232.
magus, P 235.
mareidus, 21, O 227, U 204.
melanostoma, 28.
Melchersi, 0 238, 0 253, P 227,
P54L
metaformis, O 296.
minutus, O 238, 0 253, P 233,
P54L
modestus. 18, 19, 84, 0 223.
mcestus, 19, 79, 0 212, 0 216,
O 224, 0 230, 0 234, O 265,
0 284, O 352.
Monterey!, O 227, 0 233, U
204.
neritoides, 0 296.
Norrisii, 0 230.
Novse-Zelandise, 4.
nucleus, O 296.
olivaceus, 29, 0 179, 0 233, 0
238, O 253, O 296, P 227, P
54i.
pallidus, 0 200, V 224.
Panamensis, 192, O 229, O 274,
0295.
pellis-serpentis, 10, 6or 192, 0
179, 0 274.
pellucidus, 14.
perlatus, P 352.
perspectiviuiiculus, 0 238, P
407.
Pfeifferi, O 233, U 204.
pica, U 204.
picoides, 0 228, 0 229, 0 362,
U 204.
pulligo, 4.
pupillus, 18.
purpuratus, 0 240.
pyriformis, O 228, 0 233, U
204.
radiatus, 61.
reticulatus, 36, 192, 0 229, O
253, O 270, P 234.
rubiginosus, 14.
Trochus
Schantaricus, 84, 0 216, 0 220,
0 223.
Solaris, 61.
stellaris, 0 238, 0 253, P 230,
P54L
striatulus, O 233.
Strigilatus, 10, 60,, 0 274.
snavis, 0 296.
undatus, 10
nndosus, 10, 53, O 179, P 230,
V 224.
unguis, 53, 0 179, P 229.
uuidens, P 352.
variegatns, 0 238, P 407.
versicolor, 0 238, 0 253, O 286,
P 231, P54i.
virgineus, 4, 5, 0 200, 0 213,
0 233, O 234, 0 286, V 224.
viridulus, 0 274, 0 283.
vittatus, 119.
Trophon
Baraffii, 0 217.
Barvicensis, 324.
canaliculatus. 0 217.
cancellinus, O 343.
clatliratus, 20, 71, 0 173, 0
217,0 223, 0343-
corrugatns, 0 343, 0 348.
crassilabrum, 0 226.
crassus, 73-
Fabricii, 17.
fimbriatulus, 25, 324.
Gunneri, 149, 0 217.
Hindsii, 0 205, 0 343.
incomptus, 73.
labiosus, 0 296.
lainellosus, 0 347.
Magellanicus, 93, 170.
multicostatus, 6, 49, 89, 149,
169, 170.
inuricatus, 0 205.
muriciformis, 0 293.
Orpheus, 17, 92, 149, 322, 0
343, 0 348.
tenuisculptus, 25, 322, 324.
INDEX OP SPECIES.
115
Trophon
triangulates, 99, 149.
Truncaria
corrugata, 25, 148.
eurytoides, 104, 220.
modesta, 25, 180, 0 231, 0 270,
0342.
Truncatalla
assiminea, 0 275.
Bairdiaua, 154, 194, 0 275, 0
326.
Californica, 60, 100, 143, 156.
dubiosa, 37, 194, 0 275, 0 326.
gracilenta, 156.
Montagui, P 363, P 364.
Turbinella
acuminata, 48, 0 271, 0 292.
ardeola, 0 171, 0 261, 0 338,
P 456.
armata, 0 182.
caestus, 27, 183, 0 171, O 238,
0 261, 0 271, 0 338, P 456,
P 458, P 544.
callosa, 0 269.
castanea, 183, 0 177, 0 271, 0
292.
cerata, 61, 183, O 177, 0 271,
0 292, 0 294, P 457.
cingulata, 0 294, P 457. •
muricata, P 456.
nodata, 0 188.
rigida, 10, 0 177.
rudis, 183, 0 271.
spadicea, 183, 0 271.
tectum, 0 292.
tubercularis, 61, 0 294.
tuberculata, 0 182.
varicosa, 10, 0 188.
Turbo
bicariuatus, 61, 0 174.
Buschii, 36, 192, 0 274.
carneus, 0 216.
cinereus, 0 216.
coccineus, 3.
digitatus, 0 203, 0 253, P 229.
eximius, 31.
Turbo
fluctuatus, 0 192, 0 253, P 223.
, var. 0 293, Q 234.
, var. depressus, Q 234.
fluctuosus, 0 179, 0 233, 0 236,
0 237, P 223, P 536, P 541.
Fokkesii, 19, 60, 0 216, 6 233,
0 253, 0 351, P 223.
funiculosus, 0 288, 0 293, P
223.
margarita, 0 216.
margiuatus, 49,0 200, 0 291.
mcestus, 49.
muriaticus, 0 220.
pellis-serpentis, 0 170.
petholatus, 63.
phasianella, 31, 36, 63, 192,
214, 0 274.
pulcher, 48.
pustulatus, 0 230.
rotelliformis, 0 200.
rutilus, 37, 192, 0 274, 0 320.
sanguineus, 3.
saxosus, 10, 192, 0 179, 0 186,
0-230, 0 274.
squamiger, 0 187,0 230, 0 360.
var. striulatus, 36.
tessellatus, 0 230, 0 291.
ulvse, 0 220, P 361.
unguis, P 229.
variegatus, 36.
ventrosus, 0 220.
Turbo nilla
aspera, 118, 323.
Turris
funiculata, P 390.
Turritella
altilira, 80.
Banksii, 36, 154, 186, 0 256,
0 272, 0 291, 0 325, P 330.
biseriata, 77.
Broderipiana, O 190, 0 256, P
330-
Californica, P 330.
Cooperi, 98, 141. .
Cumingii, 0 256, 0 291, P 332.
116
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Turritella
Cuiniugii, var. 108.
erosa, 71.
Eschrichtii, 17, 19, 84, 310, 0
223, 0 325.
fascialis, 0 187, 0 325.
Gatuoensis, 80.
gouiostorna, 24, 27, 36, 153, 186,
O 170, 0 190, 0 192, O 230,
0 237, 0 256, 0 291, 0 325,
0 364, P 330, P 359, P 540.
var. 0 291.
Hookeri, 0 256, P 330, P 540.
imbricata, O 235, 0 256, O 364,
P 332, P 536.
Inezana, 82.
Jewettii, 25, 141, 323.
Isevis, 0 325.
lentiginosa, 0 256, 0 291, 0
325, P 330.
lineata, 75.
leucostoma, 153, 154, 0 170, O
256, P 332.
meta, O 364, P 330.
nodulosa, 0 187, 0 325.
obruta, 75.
papillosa, 0 187.
punctata, 152.
rubescens, 0 187.
sanguinea, 108, 141,323,0 178,
O 291, 0 297.
tigrina, 27, 108, 153, O 235, 0
237, 0 256, 0 272, 0 293, 0
364, P 332, P 540.
var. 0 291.
Uvasana, 75.
variata, 82.
Turtonia
minuta, 71.
Tyleria
fragilis, 0 245, 0 300, P 25, P
53'. P 547-
Tympanotonus
Gallapaginis, P 338.
Typhis
fimbriatus, 0 287, 0 345*
Typhis
grandis, 0 287, 0 297, 0 345.
quadratus, 0 205, 0 345.
Umbrella
ovalis, 52, 0 284, 0 313, S
161.
Ungulina
luticola, 15.
Unio
Aztecorum, 0 295.
batavus, 0 222.
cjrenoides, 0 295, 0 309.
Dahuricus, 0 222.
famelicus, 163, 0 210, 0 213,
0309.
Liebmanui, 0 295.
luteolus, 116.
margaritifera, 0 222.
Mexicanus, 0 295.
Mongolians, 0 222.
xmculiuus, 0 295, 0 309.
Oregonensis, 164.
pic torn rn, 0 222.
Uvanilla
Buschii, 36, 0 320.
inermis, 24, 36, 192, 0 253, 0
274, 0 320, P 229.
olivacea, 27, 36, 108, 192, 0 204,
0 235, 0 253, 0 282, 0 320,
P 227, P 229, P 231, P 530.
unguis, 108, 256, O 203, 0 253,
0 282, 0 320, P 229, P 309.
variegatus, 0 253.
Uzita
nodulifera, P 496.
versicolor, P 499.
Valvata
obtusa, 215.
piscinalis, 0 222.
sincera, 162.
tricarinata, 163.
virens, 162.
Vanicoro (see Narica)
cryptopbila, 0 254, P 262,
INDEX OF SPECIES.
117
Vasum
csestus, P 456.
Ve.lutina
coriacea, 0 216, 0 223, 0 337.
cryptospira, 20, 0 216, 0 220.
haliotoidea, 71, 0 216, 0 223.
Kamtschatkana, 147.
laevigata, 14, 89, 147, 169, 0
216.
Mulleri, 14, 0 203, 0 216.
prolongata, 114, 147, 245.
Sitchensis, 0 286, 0 337.
spongiosa, 0 223, 0 337.
zonata, 71.
Venericardia
borealis, 17, 97, 128, 165, 168,
170.
crassa, 106.
crassicostata, 10.
laticostata, 23.
radiata, 23.
ventricosa, 25, 97, 118, 128.
Venerupis
Cordieri, 86, 0 196.
var. V 214.
cjlindracea, 45.
foliacea, 0 281.
gigantea, 14, 20, 86, 0 196, 0
203, 0 219, 0 223.
•Nuttallii, 74.
paupercula, 0 289.
Petitii, 86, 0 203, 0 219, 0 223,
0232.
Venus
Adamsii, 57, 70.
amathusia. 38, 201, 0 229, 0
232, 0 234, 0 247, 0 278, 0
282, O 289, 0 306, 0 358, P
72, V 217.
ampliata, 18, 0 213, 0 305, 0
348.
angustifrons, 0 367.
asperriina, 55, 56.
astartoides, 70, 88, 0 219, 0 221,
0 223, 0 305.
Venus
bilineata, 57.
biradiata, 0 178.
bisecta, 0 367.
brevilineata, 0 367.
calcarea, 1 8, 0 210, 0 305, 0 348.
Californiana, 12, 55, 56, O 351.
California, 0 232, O 285.
Californiensis, 12, 40, 56, 0 191,
0 232, 0 234, 0 285, 0 305,
0 352, V 216.
var. 0 285.
callosa, 56, 57, 0 232, V 216.
cancellata, 0 236, 0 364, P 72,
P 80, P 539.
cardioides, 55, 56, 57.
casina, 55.
cingulata, 55, 0 185.
circinata, 0 363, P 69.
Columbiensis, 0 185, O 232, 0
247, 0 282, 0 306, 0 352, P
75-
compta, 55, 56, 57, 0 232.
Cortezi, 56.
crassa, 55.
crenata, 55.
crenifera, 55, 0 185, 0 208, 0
247, 0 306, O 364, P 74.
crenulata, 55, 56.
Cuvieri, 14.
cycloides, 39, P 60.
Cypria, 57.
decorata, 0 176.
decussata, var. P 32.
dione, 0 266.
discors, 38, 55, 201, 0 185, O
229, 0 247, 0 278, 0 284, P
79-
dispar, 102, 0 196, 0 283, 0 305,
0 351, V 21^5.
distans, 0 247, 0 296, 0 306, P
74-
elevata, P 74.
encausta, 0 289.
entocapta, 0 247, P 77.
118
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Venus
excavata, 56, 0 305, 0 351, V
216.
eximia, 55.
fluctifraga, 56, 57, 78, 0 232, 0
0284,0351,0 352.
fluctuosa, 70.
fuscolineata, 30, 0 185, 0 306.
gibbosula, 56, 57.
gnidia, 47, 57, 201, 0 161, 0 175,
0 229, 0 232, 0 234, 0 241,
O 247, 0 279, 0 306, O 358,
gran ill ata, 55-
grata, 55, 0 229, 0 284, P 77-
Guineensis, P 69.
histrionica, 86, 0 185, P 76.
intersecta, 56.
Kellettii, 0 207, 0 306.
Kennerleyi, 39, 55, 86, 88, 127.
Lamarckii, 56.
lamellifera, 86, 0 196, 0 232, 0
367, V 214.
laticostata, 14-
leucodon, 40, 55, 0 285, V 216.
var. lilacina, 56.
Listen, var. 55.
lupinaria, P 67.
maxima, 86.
mercenaria, 18, 0 210.
multicostata, 14, 55, 20I> ° l85i
0278.
mundulus, 12, 56, 304.
muscaria, 57.
neglecta, 55, 5<>, 57, 0 161, 0
170, 0 178, 0 191, 0 208, 0
247, 0 306, 0 364, P 77.
Nuttallii, 12, 56, 57,78,0 232
0 284, 0 305, 0 349, 0 35 J, °
352, V 216.^
ornatissima, 57, 0 185, 0 306.
Pajaroana, 81.
paphia, 57, 61.
pectorina, 55.
pectunculoides, 14, 201, 0 203
0278.
Venus
perdix, 0 203.
Pinacatensis, 55.
planulata, 0 191, P 59.
Portesiana, 55, 0 247, P 74.
pulicaria, 55, 56, 0 185, 0 305.
puuctata, P 97.
radiata, 6, 14, P 74.
reticulata, 0 232, 0 305, 0 35..
rhysomia, 118.
rigida, 12, 17, 18, 57, 70, 86, 0
210, 0 284, 0 305.
ruderata, 12, 17, 56, 304.
simillima, 55, 56, 0 232, 0 289,
0 305, V 216.
Solangensis, 0 191, 0 246, P 54.
staminea, 157, 86, 0 196, 0
straminea, I 232, 0 234, 0 284,
0352, V 215.
var. 0 232.
Stimpsoni, 73.
Stutchburyi, 56.
subimbricata, 57, 0 185.
subrostrata, 56.
subrugosa, 47, 201, 0 178, 0
278.
subsulcata, 0 278.
succincta, 7, 12, 55, 56, 78, 0
170, P 72, P 549.
sugillata, 55, 201.
sulcata, 0 221.
tantilla, 0 227, U 201.
Thouarsii, 14, 0 278.
tigeriua, P 96.
toreuma, 101.
tricolor, 55, 0 247, P 77.
tumida, 304.
undatella, 57, 0 247, 0 285, 0
305, P 75-
Vermetus
anellum, 43.
centiquadrus, 43, 0 204, P 302,
P303-
contortus, 43.
corrodens, 43.
eburneus, 24, 32, 37, 42, 194, 0
INDEX OF SrEClES.
110
Vermetus
175, 0 185, 0 255, 0 324, 0
367, p 304.
effusus, 42.
glomeratus, 32, 37, 194, 0 235,
0 237, 0 255, 0 275, P 305,
P 306, P 536, P 540.
Hindsii, 42, P 304.
lumbricalis, 42, P 301, P 306.
macrophragma, 43.
margaritaruin, 0 204.
margaritifera, 43.
Panamensis, 37, 43, 194, 0 237,
0 255, 0 275, P 306, P 540.
pellucidus, 0 I75>° 255, P 3°4-
Peronii, 43, 0 204, 0 255, 0 324,
P302.
tulipa, 43-
varians, 43, W 315.
Vermiculus
centiquadrus, 42.
eburneus, 42.
effusus, 42.
incurvatus, X 436.
pellucidus, 42.
Vertagus (see Rhinoclavis)
fragraria, 0 325.
geminatus, 0 170, 0 230, 0 256,
o 325, P 339.
Verticordia
novemcostata, 131, 168, 170.
ornata, 98, 131, 170.
VexLlla
fuscolineata, 102.
Vitrina
diaphana, 118.
pellucida, 0 222.
Pfeifferi, 118, 157.
Vitrinella
annulata, 0 253, P 245.
bifilata, 0 253, 0 321, P 241. •
bifrontia, 0 253, 0 321, P 242,
P245-
carinulata, 191, 0 253, 0 321,
P246.
Vitrinella
cincta, 0 253, 0 321, P 245, P
246.
clathrata, 0 357, P 238.
concinna, 190, 0 273, 0 322.
corouata, 0 253, 0 321, P 244.
decussata, 0 253, 0 321, P 239,
P 240.
exigua, 190, 0 253, 0 273, 0 3221
interrupta, P 237.
Jauus, 190, O 273, 0 322.
lirulata, 0 253, 0 321, P 241.
megastoma, P 237.
ininuta, 36, 190, 0 273, P 237.
inodesta, 190, 0 273, 0 322.
monile, 0 253, 0 321, P 240.
monilifera, 0 253, 0 321, P 240,
P 241.
naticoides, 0 253, 0 321, P 246.
orbis, 0 253, 0 322, P 247.
ornata, 34, 258.
Panamensis, 108, 191, 0 253, 0
273, 0 322, P 238, P 239.
parva, 191, 0 253, 0 273, 0 322,
0 357, P 238.
perparva, 191, 0 273, 0 322, P
243-
t-ar. nodosa, 0 253, P
243-
planospirata, 0 253, 0 322, P
246.
regularis, 36, 191, 0 273, 0 222.
seminuda, 191, 0 274, 0 322.
spiruloides, T 169.
subquadrata, 0 253, 0 321, P
241.
tenuisculpta, 34, 258.
tincta, P 237.
tricarinata, 191, 256, 0 274, 0
322, P 244.
trigonata, P 244.
valvatoides, 36, 191, 0 274, 0
322, P 237.
Vitta
picta, 0 4, P 259.
120
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Vitularia
aspera, 90.
Belcheri, 0 340.
lactuca, 92.
« salebrosa, 13, 25, 34, 151, 152,
182, 0 177, 0 201, 0 235, 0
262, 0 282, 0 340, 0 361, 0
366, P 485.
vitulina, 0 366.
Volsella
splendida, 41.
Voluta
Barnesii, 40.
cserulea, 0 178, 0 268.
coffea, P 178.
Cumingii, 0 181, 0 292, 0 339.
dama, 0 177, 178, P 471.
harpa, TO, 40, 0 178, 0 188, 0
231, 0 339-
incrassata, 9, 0 261, 0 292, P
464.
lens, 10, 0 185.
nucleus, 10.
nux, 10.
ocellata, 0 262, P 487.
plumbea, 7.
tenebrosa, 10, 0 262, 0 268, P
468.
Volutella
margaritula, 39, no, 147, 316.
pyriformis, 147, 316.
Volutharpa
ampullacea, 70.
Volutilithes
Californiaua, 75.
Sayana, 75.
Volvarina
fnsea, 24, 154.
serrata, 23, 24.
varia, 23, 24, 100, m, 112,
147-
Volvula
cylindrica, 23, 133, 281.
Vulsella
Nuttalli, 0 193.
Waldheimia
California, 99, 122, 169, 250,
0 298.
Coreanica, ) 20, 72, 113, ,122,
Koreanica, ) 169.
dilatata, 54.
globosa, 54, 99, 122, 250.
Grayi, 70, 97, 122, 169.
pulvinata, 18, 122, 166.
trausversa, 72.
Xylotrya
fimbriata, 122, 168.
palmulata, 122.
pennatifera, 113, 122, 168.
Yoldia
amygdala, 89, 131.
arutica, 131.
hyperborea, 71.
lanceolata, 89, 131, 169.
liinatula, 71.
myalis, 71.
tliraciaeformis, 7°«
Zaphon
elegans, 17.
Zebra
Mullen, 59.
Zemira
Kelletii, 40.
Zierliana
solitaria, 177.
Zirphaea
crispata, 88. 97, 123, 168.
Ziziphimis (see Calliostoma)
anuulatus, 5, 0 200, 0 286, V 224.
Antonii, 53, 272, 0 320.
Californicus, 40, 53, 0 253, 0
286, P 231.
canaliculatus, 5.
eximius, 53.
filosus, 0 192, 0 286, 0 320.
Leanus, 0 321.
lima, 0 321.
INDEX OF SPECIES.
121
Ziziphinus
luridus, 53.
M'Audrese, 0 284, 0 321.
' Panamensis, 0 321.
versicolor, 0 320.
Zonites
cultellata, 159.
electrina, 92.
excavata, 92.
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