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Monarchs of minstrelsy,
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iinnarrlis of iHmstrf Isy,
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••IDDD fBcit of iBinalrrlsn. aitii 1 IBomait:"
"iBlnHtrrlsy ilhat Was. anil -ila;"
"A iSamblp Among Ihp
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COOKSON r^USIC LIBRARY
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EUW. LE Kl'V rice.
M^ Motbtr
(The Best I Ever Had)
u^tjia Saok is Affectionately Bedicated.
THE AUTHOR'S FOREWORD.
There were several reasons which prompted me to compile this vokime,
the chief one being the fact that the subject in its entirety had never before been
attempted ; and whenever inchvidual articles appeared, they almost invariably
treated of old times and old timers alone.
.\ second reason, and one of equal importance, was that these contributions
which appeared both in the various newspapers and magazines, were in the main
written on hearsay alone without any apparent regard for facts.
No one is infallible, and if the data that appears between the covers of this
book of living performers who furnished me with the sketches of their careers
is incorrect, obviously no blame can be attached to the author.
But of those who are past, I have given the most careful search of the rec-
ords that were placed at my disposal, and verified or disavowed all statements
made to me, or have qualified by attributing them to those from whom they
emanated.
In this manner I hope to perpetuate the names and fame in story and pic-
ture of these "Monarchs of Minstrelsy from 'Daddy' Rice to Date."
New York City, Oct. 12, 1910. Edw. Le Rov Rice.
INTRODUCTION.
Is Minstrelsy dying out? How often has the question been asked and how
conflicting are the opinions of those who ought to know? Some maintain that
minstrelsy is here to stay, while others insist there are no more minstrel shows.
But if the question were: Are the minstrels dying out? there could be no
divergence of opinion. The passing away in the last decade or so of such lumi-
naries as Xeil. Bryant. Billy Rice, Billy West, Billy Emerson, \Vm. Henry
Rice. Frank Cushman, Ben. Cotton, Johnny Booker, Jack Herman. .\ndy
Leavitt. E. F. Dixey, J. B. Donniker, "Eugene" J. H. Haverly, Sam. Hague,
Dave Reed and many others, eliminate the matter of doubt entirely. Grantmg
this, it would appear that the two terms : Minstrels and Minstrelsy are
synonymous.
Some of the minstrel-loving public who recall the old days when Hooley's
in Brooklyn. The San Franciscos ( Birch, Bernard, Wambold and Backus ) in
New York, likewise Bryant's and the Christy's ; and Carncross and Dixey's in
Philadelphia were household words, will be astonished to learn that many of the
burnt-cork heroes of forty years ago. yes, fifty years, are still living, scattered
about the country, though it has been years since some of them have darkened
their features.
But while most of the old-timers are past and gone, and those who are
living, practically in retirement: yet there are many of the younger generation
of sable performers who rank in many ways with their illustrious predecessors,
and it is of these as well as of the "old guard" that "Monarchs of Minstrelsy;
from 'Daddy' Rice to Date," will specialize on. I wish to take this opportunity
to extend my thanks to the New York Clipper, without whose assistance this
work could not have reached the comprehensive form it has attained : and an
invaluable auxiliary was obtained when this aid was further supplemented bv the
files and data of the Dramatic Mirror being placed at my disposal, and for which
I am also extremely grateful.
From the Albert Davis collection of photographs. Brooklyn. I have received
invaluable specimens, likewise Eddie Fox. Mrs. Billy Rice. "Hank" Mudge,
Harry Booker, Emil Heusel, John Unsworth, Billy Huntley, Mrs. J. T. Huntley,
Tommy Granger: Charles E. Ellis, author of "Official Elks Historv:" Mrs.
James Budworth. Mrs. G. W. H. GriflSn, Mrs. Archie Hughes, "Bill" Hines,
Dan Mason, Phil. A. Paulscraft, Mrs. Ben Cotton, R. H. Mayland. Gus Hill,
Fox & Ward, John P. Hogan, ]Miss Maggie Weston, Frank Dumont, William
Blakeney, New York Sunday Telegraph; Louis Morgenstern. Tom Ward, Will
Webster, Mrs. Catherine Griffin, Tom Waters, Mclntyre & Heath. Geo. Lewis,
Nick Norton. Geo. L. Willson. Chapin & Gore, Chicago; Willis P. Sweat-
nam. Walter Kingsley and the late J. H. Surridge.
Note. — Where dates and miscellaneous information found in this volume
differ from those in my "i.ooo Men of Minstrelsy; and One Woman," it is be-
cause careful research has shown the latter to be erroneous.
INDEX
Abbott, C. D 74
Abbott, Fred 94
Abecco, Raphael 118
Abel. Xeal 364
Abrams, Morris 32
Adams. Jas. E 215
.Adams. Marsh 131
Adams, Thos Jt<8
.\llen, .And. Jackson. . 6
Allen, Billy 124
-Allen, Johnny I7.t
.Allen. Paul 247
Allen. R. G 182
.Allmon. Dan 316
.Attics. Emil 220
.Arbnckle, .Maclyn . . 320
.Arlington. Billy 11=;
.Armstrong, Harry . . 228
.Arnold, .\mos ... 163-223
.Arnold, Billy ... 163-223
.Arnold. Frank . . . 163-224
.Ashcrott. \Vm. J 160
.Atkins. Charley 220
.\tkinson. "Chuck" .. 119
.\ustin, Ralph 351
B
Backus. Chas 70
Bailey, Fred 351
Bailey. Geo. W 60
Baird. 1. \V 203
BaltUvin, .Archie .... 219
Baldwin, Louis 315
Ball, Stephen B 67
Bam ford, .A 142
Banker, Ed. H 115
Barbour, W. W 203
Barlow. Bill 223
Barlow. Billie 272
Barlow. James 223
Barlow, Milt. G 159
Barnes, Stuart 322
Barnum. P. T 23
Barry. Billy 224
Bartiey, John 142
Barton, Chas 276
Basquin. J. .A 72
Beach. Bobby 267
Beard. Billy' 358
Beban, Geo 339
Behman, Louis 266
Belasco. David 280
Belknap. \V. S 238
Bell. Frank iig
Bell. Fred. .A 279
Benedict, Lew 132
Benham. Earl 364
Benson. Billy 206
Berger, Paul 55
Bernard, Sam 318
Bernard, W'm. H.... 71
"Bernardo" 210
Berthelon. Dick 80
Bidau.x. Theodore
Gustave 76
Birch. Billv 2-68
Birch, Wal'tcr 84
r.irdue. Bob 212
Hi„c!:. \V. \V 308
Blackford, joiiii 270
DIair. Billv 74
niakelv. Harrv 270
Blakely, Thos.' 6
Blakeney. W'm 78
nioodgood. Harry ... 176
Blue, John J 362
liogcrt. Eddie 335
Bohce. Jas. D 142
Booker, Harry ..'.... 222
Booker, Johnny 74
Booth. Edwin 91
Bortell. Chas 155
Bowers. Fred. V 348
Bowers. Xick 5j
Bowers, Otis 230
Bowman, Jas. M 350
Bowman, John 154
P.owman, \Vm. T.... 350
Boyce. John T 131
Boyd. Billy So
Boyfl. Clarence 299
Bradley, Jas. B 311
Braham, Dave 66
Bray, Walter 146
Brickwood, Chas. . . . 235
Briggs, J. Harvey... 318
Briggs, Tom 40
Brimmer, Lew 15'
Brockway, \Vm. H . . . 108
Brooks, Jos 215
Brower, Frank .... ti-15
Brewer, Thos. P 71
Brown, Ben 188
Brown. Geo 96
Brown. Joe 72
Brown. John G 47
Bruno, Gus 202
Bryant, Billy 248
Bryant, Dan.,
64-87-98-248-295
Bryant. Fred 215
Bryant, Jerry 58
Bryant. Xeil 106
Bryant, W'm. H 220
Bryant, W'm. T 72
Buckley, Billy 208
Buckley, Fred 18
Buckley. Geo.
Swayne 18-83
Buckley, James 15
Buckley, Joe 104
Buckley, J. K 134
Buckley, R. Bishop.. 16
Buckley. R. Jean 92
Budd. Jake 103
Budworth, Harry ... 218
Budworth, Jas.. 64-79-295
Budworth, W. S 114
Bugbee, Chas. R 299
Bulger. Harry 324
Burbank, Otto 72
Burgess, "Cool" .... 138
Burgess, F.jd 52
Burgess. Xeii 188
Burk. Major 159
Burnham, Chas. D... 146
Burr. Billy 135
Burton. Clarence .... 287
Butler, "Picayune" .. 30
Byrne. J. H. VV 270
C
Cain, John E 308
Callender, Chas 54
Cameron, .Al 319
Campbell, Geo. F.... 252
Campbell, J. C 174
Campbel. J. K 103
Campbell. M. C 26
Campbell. Sher 60
Canheld. Eugene .... 222
Carle. Jno. H 48
Carle. Richard 324
Carmichael, Bob 310
Carncross, John L... 92
Carnes, Boardman . . 326
Carroll. Jas 50
Carroll. Richard F... 318
Carroll. R. M 80
Carroll, \Vm. J 250
Carson. Dave 66
Carter. Billy 94
Carter. Jim ^o
Casey, Frank 299
Cassady, Eddie 359
Castle, Wm no
Cave. John .Arnold.... 34
Cawthorne, Herbert.. 296
Cawthorne. Joe 323
Ceda, Bill 24
Chace, Billy 272
Chambers. Billy 91
Charles, Geo. \V 124
Chase, Frank V 315
Cheevers, Joe 200
Chestnut. ^last 6
Childs, Joe. H 134
Chipman, E. W' 335
Chirgwin, Geo. .A.... 343
Christian. Tom 23
Christie, .Arthur .... 296
Christie, Chas 55
Index
Christy, E. Byron.... 22
Christy, Edwin P.... 19
Christy, Geo. X jo
Christy's Minstrels . . ig
Christy, Wm. .A. 22
Church, Chas. L 92
"Cincinnatus" 220
Clapham, Geo. T J07
Clapham, Harrv J... 142
Clapp, VV. W. Jr 6
Clark, Billy 354
Clark. Geo. M 84
Clark, Jimmy 142
Clark, S. E 30
Clark. Willis 246
Clarke. Kit 124
Claudius. Dana H.... 352
Cleveland, Wm. S... 30b
Clifford. Billv S 340
Clifford, 'J. H 147
Cluskey, John 72
"Coal Oil Johnny"... 282
Coburn, J. A ;iT,i
Coes, Geo. H 58
Cogill, C. W. 210
Cohan, Geo. M 356
Cohan, Jerry 203
Cohen Sallie 280
Cole, Sam 126
Coleman, Billy 60
Coleman, "Picka-
ninny" 28
Collier, Willie 330
Collins, Ben.- 244
Collins, D. W 114
Collins, John H 28
Collins. "Punch" .... 48
Collyer. Dan 240
Comfort. Vaug:hn . . . 360
Connors. Jimmy .... 279
Converse. Frank B.. 119
Conway. Billy 254
Cook, .\rthur 158
Cook. James 312
Cooke. Aynsley 95
Cooper .Jas. H 118
Corbett. Jas. J 343
Corbin. Edmond G... 282
Cornu, E. J 116
Cotton; Ben 62
Cotton, Ben. Jr 212
Courtright, Billy .... 203
Cox. John S 82
Crane. Wm. H 182
Crimmins. John 300
Crimmins. Mike 300
Crimmins. .Steve 300
Crocker. John P 05
Cronin. Tim. 278
Crosby. L. V. il... 50
Crosher. John 147
Cummings. Jas. H . . . 239
Cunningham. Geo. W. 311
Cunningham. Jerry... 292
Cushman, Frank. 168-243
D
Dailev, Peter F 302
Daly, Bill 247
Daly, Dan 303
Daly, John ^87
Daly, Tom 247
Dart, Fred 272
Davis, Lewis H 224
Davis, Xed 90
Davis. Will J 282
Day, Chas. H 151
Day, Geo. W.. . . . .^, 319
De Angelis, Jeff.?TXL~rfe-
De Angelis, Johnny.. 87
Deaves, Edwin 27
Decker, Al 256
Decker, Jas. H 218.
Delehanty, Wm. H... 184
Delmanning, Dent. .. 208
Delmore, Len 271
Deming. Arthur 32'5
De Rue, Billy 348
De Rue, Bobby 348
Detzel, Pete 350
De Vere, Geo. M . . . . 300
Devcrc, Sam 152
Devere, Tommy .... 220
Devcre, Wm 220
Devlin, Jimmy 35s
Diamond, Billy 224
Diamond, John 40
Diamond. Lawrence . 254
Diamond. Matt 254
Dicken. C. Edward.. 294
Dickinson, Com-
modore 98
Dingess. John A.... 52
Di.xey, E. Freeman.. 86
Dixey, Henry E 294
"Dixie", origin of.... 314
Dixon, Thos. B 198
Dixon. Geo. Wash-
ington 6
Dobson. Chas. E z'\2
Dobson. Edw. C 288
Dockstader, Chas. . . 207
Dockstader. Lew..
2-4-46-138-274-302
Dockstader, W. L... 303
Donaldson, Wm. B.. 36
Donnelly, Lewis J... 134
Donnelly, Tommy .. 318
Donniker, John B... 83
Dooley, Larry 307
Doty, J. .Arthur 300
Dougherty. Hughey.. 170
Dove, Johnny 359
Doyle. J. Marcus.... 236
Dresser. Paul 212
Dukelan. "Slim Jim". 168
Duley. John H 91
Dumont. Frank 198
Dunn, .Arthur . 322
Duprez, Chas. H 72
Durand. Lansing ... 34
Durell. Frank 294
Dwyer, Wm 136
E
Eagan, Hubert W... 150
Early, John W 327
Edwards, Bob 36
Eldredge "Press" ... 226
Ellis, Harry A 354
Eltinge, Julian 363
Emerson, Billy . . . 186-207
Emerson, Mort 246
Emmett, Billy 170
Emmett. Dan 11-14
Emmett. J. K 150
Emmett. "Young
Dan" 66
English, Tom 304
Ernest, Chas. M 2ig
"Eugene" iir
"Eustache" 218
Evans, Chas. E 271
Evans, Geo 339
Evarts, Harry 76
F
Fagan, Barney 216
Farrell, Bob 6
Field, Al. G 214
Fields, John F 251
Fields, Lew 328
Fields, Wm 118
Filkins. Robert J.... 182
Fish, Fred. C 260
Fish. Wm. B 47
Fisher, Harry 207
Florence, W. J 96
Foley. Johnny 366
Folev, Mike i;5
Foley, Willie 366
Footc. Wm 174
Forde. Stanley 356
Forrest. Edwin 2S
Fostelle. Chas 180
Foster, Dave 264
Foster. Stephen C... 51
Fox, Charley 56
Fox, Eddie 195
Fox, Jas 212
Fox, Joe 235
Fox, Xed 178
Foy, Eddie 218
Foy, Dave 215
France, Sid. C 122
Eraser. Bob 152
Frear. Billy 210
Frear, Fred 219
Frear. Jas. B 211
Freeth, Jabez 215
Freeze. Larry 340
Freeze, Billy 340
French, Chas. K 298
French, Edwin 243
Friganza, Trixie .... 354
Frohman. Chas 264
Frohman. Daniel .... 264
Frohman, Gus 264
Frothingham, Geo.... 174
Fulton, Jas. C 336
Fulton, Wm. T 336
Index
G
Gallagher. Denny ... 66
Gale. Geo 21 1
Gale. Peter 302
Gardner. Charley .... 130
Gardner, Dan 26
Gardner. Sam 28
Gaylor. Chas 98
Gaylord. Low no
Gaynor. James 131
Geary, Gustave i47
Gentry. Jas. B 310
Germon. Francis .... 24
Gettings, Tommy . . . 1O2
Gever. Frank C 266
Gibbons. Chas E 136
Gibbs, Clark M u6
Gibbs. Wallv 216
Gibson. .\lf 284
Gilbert, John D 29^
Gildav, Chas 291
Gildea. Edw. P 304
Gill, \Vm. S 4
Gilmore, Barney .... 344
Gilmore. P. S 62
Ginniven. Billy 260
Girard. Eddie 286
Girard, Frank 140
Girard, Willie 286
Glenn, Ja> 128
Glidden, Charley .... 211
Golden, Billy 288
Golden, Geo. Fuller.. 346
Golden. Richard 242
Goldrich. Pete. •■;••■ 199
Goodman, "Hank" .. 95
Goodwin. Xat. C 268
Goodyear, Chas 179
Gorman, Geo 22,2
Gorman, James . . 232-355
Gorman, John 2^2
Gorton, Jos. Jr 356
Gorton. Jos. Sr 108
Goss. Xed 212
Gould, Billy .139
Gould, Julia 46
Gould. Xapoleon \V. . 28
Granger. Tommy ... 231
Granville. "Bun" .... 364
Graupner. Mr 5-6
Gray, Billy 136
Gray, Geo 151
Gray, William 296
Green, J. E 86
Greenland, Xed 67
Griffin, G. W. H... 59-83
Gritfin. Jas. H 268
Guy, Albert 320
Guy, Arthur L 346
Guy, Mrs. Arthur L.. 351
Guy, Chas 296
Guy, Edwin 326
Guy, Geo 36
Guy, Geo. R 263
Guy, Willie 242
H
Hague, Sam 56
Haines, Xat 307
Haley, Maurice 278
Hall, .-\rtie 355
Hall, Bob 82
Hall, E. M 183
Hall, Geo. L 56
Hall. Wm. D 330
Hall. Wm. M 6
H alien, Fred 270
Hallen. Geo 308
Hallett, Wm. H ii2
Hamall. Hugh 183
HamUton, Wm. H... I47
Hanson, Frank 251
Hapgood. Harry .... 47
Harlev, Edwin 218
Harold. Donald 266
Harper, Xed 24
Harrigan, Xed 263
Harrnigton, Geo. A.. 30
Harrmgton, J. C 288
Harris. Chas. K 322
Harris, Tommy 267
Harris, Wm 154
Hart, Al 324
Hart, B. C 182
Hart, Billv 83-151
Hart. Bob 83
Hart, Jerry 272
Hart, Joe 306
Hart, John 90
Hart, Tony 263
Haverlv, Burt 244
Haverly, J. H 120
Hawkins. D. R 148
Hawkins. Lew 244
Hayes, Ben 15°
Hayes, Tim 151
Hayman, Al 208
Havwood. Charlie ... 304
Heath, Thos. K.. 255-262
Height. Bob 228
Hengler, Thos. M 184,
Hennessy, Michael F. 271
Henry, Chas 104
Henry, Hi 172
Hensiiaw. John E.... 216
Herbert, "Pot Pie". .. 6
Herman, Geo. W.... 63
Herman. J. .\ 42
Hernandez. .A.. M.... 82
Heme. Jas. \ 148
Heusel. Emil 324
Hevwood, Chas I99
Hicks. Chas. B I47
Higgins, Joe 303
Higgins, Wm 303
Hiiliard, Chas 364
Hilton, J. W 107
Hines. Wm. E 290
Hitchcock, Raymond. 335
Hobbs, W. L 82
Hoey, Jas. F 302
Hoey, Wm. F 264
Hogan, Gus 276
Hogan, Harry 276
Hogan, John P 190
Holland. Geo 22
Holly. Jas 230
Holmes, Edwin ... 67-83
Holmes. Wm. F 235
Holt. Dan 66
Hooley, Bob 278
Hooley, John 75
Hooley, R. M 38
Hopper. De Wolf. ... 323
Horan. Eddie 332
Horn, Eph 27
Horn, Geo 227
Horwitz, Chas 323
Howard, Charley .... 51
Howard. Frank
(A. C & H) 215
Howard. Frank
(Hurd) 148
Howard. Frank
(:^Iartindale) 180
Howard. Gus 134
Howard, Patsy 258
Howard, Rollin ...83-127
Howard. Seth 76
Huber, Fred 25?
Hughes, Archie 78
Hughes, Artie 264
Hughes, Joe 315
Hughes, Mark 136
Hughes, Ruey 202
Huntington, Harry
(see "Young Dan
Emmett.")
Huntley, C. L 42
Huntley, J. T 43
Huntley. Mrs. J. T.... 83
Huntlev, Wm. A 160
Hurley. J 230
Hussey, Frank 91
Hutton, Laurence . . . 5-6
Hyde. Richard 266
Hyde. Tommy 360
I
Irwin, Max 87
Isaacs, P. D 78
J
Jackson. Theodore... no
Jamison, Xeil 6
Jansen, J. Melville... 187
"Japanese Tommy".. 116
Jefferson, Jos 60
Jefferson, Tommy ... 116
Jenkins, Charley .... 6
Jennings, John 251
Jerome, Billy 322
Johnson, Arthur .... 304
Johnson, Carroll .... 230
Johnson, Jim 50
Johnson, Sam 23
Jolsbn, Al 363
Index
Jolson, Harry ,362
Jones, Albert 66
Jones, Geo 362
Jose, Richard J 338
K
Kanane, Mike 67
Kayne. E. M 187
Keating. John J 262
Keefe, Matt 326
Keegan, John T 2Q2
Kelk-rd, John E 307
Kelly. Edwin 143
Kellv, limmv 279
Kelly, j. J..' 160
Kellv, John T 264
Kelly, J^ \V 278
Kelly, Xolan 220
Kemble, J. R 124
Kennedy, Edw. J..., 200
Kennedy, Harry .... 267
Kennedy, "Memphis" 228
Kent, Frank 2-71
Kernell, Harry 187
Kerns, Frank 153
King, John H 334
Kneas*. X-^ls^n 26
Knowles, R G 201
Koppitz. Chas 66
Knnkel. Geo 30
Kurtz, Melvin S 175
Lackaye, Wilton .... 206
Lacy, Harry 270
r.atayette. The Great. 4
Laniont, Jas. W 123
Landis. John 30
Lane. Pete 75
Lang, Joe 154
Lang, John 183
Langdon, Geo 76
Lansing, Harrv 220
La Rue, D. C' 05
Latell, Ed ag
La Verne Lucille.... 323
Lawrence. Billy 70
Lea. Geo 30
Leavitt, .\ndv ^5
Leavitt, M. B 158
Le Clair, Harry 270
Lee Dinner 96
Lee. John H 215
Lee, Pete 123
Lee, Philip 06
Lee, Sam 318
Lehr, Harry 67
Leicester, .... 6
Leighton, Bert 338
Leighton. Frank .... 336
Leighton, Harry .. T8-322
Leighton, J'^e ! . 358
Le Mack, Tom 316
"Leon" 123-143
Leon, Dan 51
Leonard, Eddie 351
Leslie, Bert 340
Leslie, Tom 91
Lester, Billy 247
Lewis, Charley 91
Lewis, Frank 295
Lewis. Geo. \V 314
Lewis, Tom 71-296
"Little Mac" 162
Lockwood, Chas 147
Long, Chas. G 52
Lorraine, Chas. F.... 207
"Lotta" 179
Lovely, Joe 212
Lynch, Frank 32
Lyons, Dan. E 291
M
Mack, .\ndrew 313
Mack, James 28''i
Mack. Jas. W 183
Mack, Johnny 242
Mack, John .\ 1 14
Mack, Jos. H 207
Mack. Keller 336
Mack, Pete 280
Mack, Will G ra8
Mackin, Jas. F 258
Mackney. E. W 47
Magee. Richard Jr... 228
Maguire. Tom J3
.Malcolm, Fred. B.... 227
Mallory. Ben 62
.Manchester, Bob. ... 251
Mann, Harry 3-287
Manning, Billy... 128-248
Mannmg, Eddie , . . . 303
Mannmg, Jas. H 335
Marble. Ed 187
Marion, Bert 327
Marion, Geo 294
Marion, Herman .... 355
Marks. Clarence .... 34.^
.Marks. Eddie 310
.Marr. Billy 230
Martin, Geo. T 300
Martin, Tom 307
Mason, Chas. A 299
Mason, Dan 271
Mason, "Hank" 40
Mason, Hen 148
"Master" Barney ... 128
"Master" Juba 48
"Master" Martin .... 284
"Master Tommy" ... 206
Ma.xwell. Barry.. 179-199
^L•lyland. Rowland H. 204
Mazier. Eddie 147
Mc.VlIister. Billy .... 138
Mc.\ndrews. J. W... 79
McCabe. D. W 298
McCuUough. John . . 98
McElroy, Matt 304
McGee, Joe B 362
McGowan. Did: .... 130
McGown, Bobby .... 226
Mclntyre, Jas. .. 255-262
McKee, Andy 171
McKee, Frank 30-,
McMahon, Tim 335
McMahon. Walter . . 346
McMillan, Jerry ,... 142
McNally, Tom 119
McXish, Frank E.... 240
McVeigh, Johnny . . . 179
McWade, Robert ... 139
McVickar, John 232
Melville, Chas 102
Melville, E. J 50
Mestayer, Harry .... 6
Meyers, Lew 103
Mills, Gus 242
Milton, Chas. W.... 344
Mitchell, Mike 66
Monroe, Chas. L 142
Monroe, Xed 332
Montague, Harry ... 98
Montgomery, Dave.. 342
Montgomery,
"Scamp" 327
Moore. Geo. F 211
Moore, "Pony" 31
Moran, Frank 2-54
Moreland, .Arthur . .58-igi
Morgan, Duke 72
Morningstar, Chas. A. 71
Morrell. Frank 352
Morris. Billy 64
Morris. Chas. A 64
Morris, D. L 139
Morris. Lon 64
Morris, Tim 94
Morrisey, L 135
Morse, Harry M 242
Mortimer, Jos 63
Morton. Jos 262
Morton, J. W 204
Morton. Will H 218
Moxley, Thos. L.... 59
Mudge "Hank" 138
Mullally, W. S 178
Mulligan, John 53
Murphy, Con. T 162
Murphy. Joe 106
Murphy, J. B 63
Murphy, J. C 183
Murphy, J. H 144
Murphy, John E 262
^^urphy. Jos. D 42
Murphy, Mark 304
Myers. "Ole Bull". .. ^23
N
Xewcomb, Bobby 1-58-194
Xevvcomb, W. W.... 40
X'ewman. Wm. G.... 308
Xicholls. Geo 6
Xiles. P. J 271
Xish. Anthony 63
X'oble. Chas 75
Xorcross. Jos. M.... 150
hide
Korris. James 138
Xorton. ]o\\\\ I2J
Norton. Tim 122
Norton, Wash 122
O
Oakland. Fred 252
Oakland. Will 362
Oherist. John F in
O'Brien. Mike 67
O'Brien. Xeil HO
O'Day. Billy 2.38
Olcott. Cliauncey . . . 2^2
O'Neill. Charley 75
Ordway, John P 44
P
Paine. Ira 116
Parker. Dick 114
Parker, Lew 204
Parmley, "Hank" ... 106
Parrow. W'm 31
Pastor. Tony 84
Patti, Greg 324
Payne. Billy 298
Payton. Corse 331
Pearl. Billy 312
Pearl. Charley 2i()
Peaslcy. John .\ 136
Peel. "English
Tommy" I-16
Peel. Matt 75
Peel. Mrs. Matt. ( ^ee
Mrs. J. T. Huntley I
Peel, Tommy 148
Pelham. Dick 1 1-12
Pell. Frank 148
Pell. Gilbert \V 48
Pell. Harry 72
Pell, Jas 294
Pell. Johnny 84
Pendy, John 140
Percy, Harry 178
Petrie. Chas 86
Petrie. Will 0 260
Pettengill. Charley .. 156
Pettengill. Joe 302
Pettitt. Seamon ..S.. 2x2
Phelps. Lucius M 178
Philbrick. Will 358
Phillips, Aug:ustus . . . 347
Phillips. Will F 346
Pierce. Earl 43
Pierce, Johnny
"Froergv" 131
Pierce. W. W 118
Pike. >Larshall S.... 28
Pi.xley. Gus 32^
Polk. J. S 98
Porter. Wm. A 38
Powers, Geo. W 192
Powers, James 51
Powers, Jas. T t,2t,
Prendersast. John .. 188
Prendergast, Tom. . . 66
Price, Harry M 283
Price, Neil 140
Price, Sam 114
Primrose. Geo. H . . 4-236
Pringle. C. W 136
Prosser. Rees 327
Purdv, S. S no
Queen. Chas 254
Queen, John 323
Queen, Johnny 135
Quigley, "Doc" 348
Quiltcr. Dick 199
Quinlan. Dan 316
Quinn. Billy n8
Quinn. Paul 334
R
Rainer. Jos. H
Raleigh. Tom
Ralph. Dick
Rankm. Carl
Rankin, Rit
Rankin. Will
Rattler. Lew
Raymond, Maude . . .
Raynor, Geo
Raynor. J. W
Reece "Pop"
Reed. Charley
Reed, Dave
Reed. Ned
Reeves. .A I
Remington. Billy ....
Reynolds. Chas
Reynolds. Cliarley. . .
Reynolds. Geo
Ricaby, Sanford B...
"Ricardo."
Rice, Billy 163
Rice, "Daddy"
Rice, Dan
Rice, Edw. Le Roy..
Rice, Geo
Rice, Geo. W
Rice, Johnny
Rice, John C
Rice, Philip
Rice, Wm. Henry.
31-74
Richards. Geo. . .
Richards. Vic. . .
Richards. Warren
Richardson. Billy
Richardson. Sage
Richmond. Harry G
Rickey. Sam. . . .
Rigby, Arthur C
Roberts. James
Robinson. Geo.
(see "Eustache")
Robinson. Harry
Robinson. "Hop"
Robson, Andrew
47
30
174
262
262
262
-6
334
34
39
64
267
67
136
319
136
239
n5
239
330
1 75
-207
7-74
42
I
6
276
206
268
30
-163
258
292
134
J20
202
140
280
328
6
91
6
Rockefeller, Geo. W. 156
Ro.gers. Neil 176
Rogers, Stevie 171
Romain, Manuel .... 346
Roome. Jas n6
Rosenbaum, Ed 306
Ross,, Jasper H 51
Rudolph. Carl 1,12
Rudolph, \V. Jackson 52
Rumsey, Hy 59
Rumsey. Zenas 28
Rushby, Horace 146
Russell. James 266
Russell, Jas. G 1.^5
Russell, John 266
Ryman, Add 122
S
Sadler, Tom 276
Sanderson. Harry . . . 295
Sandford. Jim 23
Sands. Dick 14"
Sands. Edw 262
Sanford. Jas 152
Sanford, Sam 34-364
Sarrissey, "Dad" .... 62
Sarsfield, Steve 299
Schoolcraft. Luke. 58-192
Scott, Ainsley 108
Seamon, Chas. V.... 214
Sexton, Mert 76
Seymour, Nelse.,
50-64-95-98-295
Sharpley, Chas 315
Sharpley, Fred 219
Sharpley, James ..... 182
Sharpley. Sam 64-76
Shattuck, Chas. F.... 90
Shay, Harry 230
Shay. Johnnv 179
Sheflfer, "Buck" 279
Shelby, Dan 122
Shepard. Burt 227
Sheppard. Billy 147
Sheppard. Bob 35
Sheppard. Frank .... 291
Sheridan. John F.... 183
Shirley, Harry 230
Shorey, J. G. H 90
Shunk, Harry C 347
Silver, Dick 76
Silver, J. K 135
Simmons. Lew. ... 1-126
Simpson. John 72
Sitgreaves. Beverly.. 354
Sivori. John 83
Skiff. M. T 06
Skinner. Otis 316
Slavin. Bob 2-250
Sliter. Dick 50
Slocum. E. N.... ni-294
Smith, Bob 75
Smith, Ed. C 270
Smith, Harry W 356
Smith. John P 82
Smith, John \V 24
Index
Smith, Sol .<r 6
Smith, Wm. . . .'2-.V.P «4«-
Smith, Wm. H 44
Smith, Wm. N 67
Sommers, Tom 214
Sothern, Mr 96
Spalding, Dr. G. R.. 23
Spencer, Lew 198
Spooner, Cecil 355
Spooner, Edna May. 346
Sprung, Fred 140
Stanley, Burton .... 228
Stanwood, Harry ... 152
Steele. John W. (see
"Coal Oil Johnny")
Stewart, "Fatty" .... 95
Stiles, Billy 276
Stine, Chas. J 320
Stone, .\. C 140
Stone, Fred 342
Stone, H. D 6
Stout, John S 180
Stratton. Eugene . . . 320
Strickland, W. H 147
"Stuart" 344
Studley, J. B 82
Subers, Emil 355
Sullivan J. F 148
Sullivan, John L 339
Sullivan, Mark 287
Sully, Lew 311
Sully, Wm. J 283
Sun, Gus 334
Surridge, J. H 126
Sutton, Charley 176
Sweatnam, Willis P 3-179
Swor, Bert .3V-3- ■• <rr
Sweeney, Dick 24
Sweeney, Joe 22
Sweet, O. P....U.O. -34*-
Symonds, Jack 303
T
Talbott, Jack 144
Tatnall, Sam 6
Templeton, Chas. . . . 104
Ten Brooke, James.. 286
Tenney, Ernest 328
Thatcher, Geo 3-188
Thatcher, Ned 294
Thayer, Ambrose A. 118
Thayer, "Bije" 44
Thomas, Wally 134
Thompson, Dan 278
Thompson, Denman. 106
Thompson, Johnny.. 155
Thompson, John W. 131
Thompson, Matt. ... 96
Thompson, Wm. H.. 338
Tierney, Jas.
(T. & W.) 326
Tiernev, Jas. M.
(T. '& C.) 272
Trowbridge, Jos. T.. 39
Turner, Chas 303
Turner, Frank 208
Turner, John 223
Turner, John M 210
Turner, Tommy .... 239
u
Unsworth, James,
50-64-107-295
Unsworth, John .... 175
V
Van, Billy 312
Van, Billy B 342
Vaughn. Tom 43
Vetta, Franz 311
Vidocq, Will 322
Vogel, John W 312
Vokes, Harry 323
Von Bonhurst,
Julius A 30
W
Wagner,
"Happy" Cal 146
Waldron, Dan 248
Wallace. Jake no
Walters. Charley . . . 204
Walz, Fred 239
Wambold, Dave 70
Wambold, Jas 92
Wambold, Ned 211
Ward, Frank 208
Ward, "Hap" 323
Ward, John H 139
Ward, Wm. H 235
Wartield, -Tom 135
Warren, Mickey .... 59
Waterbury, Edw. M. 328
Waterbury, Geo. N.. 328
Waters, Tom 348
Watson, Harry 212
Wayne, Burt 212
Wayne, Chas 326
Weaver, Add 87
Weber, Jos 328
Welby, Jake 239
Welch, Billy 206
Welch, Fayette 123
Wells, Frank 95
Wells, Jimmy 51
Wells. Sam 51
Weslyn, Everett .... 235
West, Charley 219
West, Luke 52
West, Wm 13s
West, Wm. H. . .71-207-246
Weston, Horace .... 46
Weston, Wm. R 280
Wheeler, Matt 162
White, Archie 226
White, Chas. O Ill
White, Chas. T 5-35
White, "Cool" 34
White, Frank H 228
White, G. Warren... 26
White, "Hank" 84
Whiteside, Walker . . 4
Whitlock, Billy ... 11-12
Wild, Billy 176
Wild, John 155
Wilkes, Geo 140
Williams, Barney ... 44
Williams, Bert 350
Williams, Billy 256
Williams, Jack 294
Williams, Percy G.. 271
Willis, Oscar 155
Wills, Nat 335
Wilson, Chas 152
Wilson, Chas. D.... 347
Wilson, Dave 139
Wilson, Francis ..258-344
Wilson, Fred 55
Wilson, Fred.,
(D. & W.) 271
Wilson, Geo 172
Winnett, Tommy . . . 232
Winship, Geo 47
Winter, Banks 283
Withers, Ike 182
Witmark, Julius .P.. 342
Wood, Billy 290
Wood, Henry 74
Woodruff, Tim 46
Woods, Geo. W 206
Woodson. Harry . . . 238
Wray, Billv 86
Wright, Billy 75
Wyatt, Andrew 82
Y
Yale, Chas. H 276
Yeamans. Jennie .... 310
Young, Charley 254
Z
Zanfretta, Alexander. 72
INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS
A
Abecco. Raphael 217
Abel. Xeal 145
Adams, Jas. E j8o
Allen, Billy 2.?3
Allen. Hen 177
Allen. )' •Imny II.?
Allen, Paul _M
Ames, Emil _'i)
Arbuckle, Maclyn . . . lod
Arlinifton. Billy 41
Armstrong. Harry .. 221
Arnold, .\ino3 1^7
Arnold. Billy 157
Arnold, Frank 157
Ashcroft. Win. J .^01
Austin. Ralph It)6
B
Backus. Chas 117
Bailey, I-"red ig6
Ball. Will 165
Bamtord. .A 73
Banker. Ed. H 97
Barlow. Milt. G 41
Barnuni. P. T 49
Barry, Billy 73
Basquin, J. .\ 73
Beban, Geo 1117
Belasco, David 107
Bell, Frank 85
Benedict. Lew. . . . 85-J25
Beniiam. Earl 257
Bernard. Sam 196
Bernard. Win. H.... 117
Bidau.x. Thendore
Gustave 141
Birch. Billy 117
Birdue. Bob 349
Bishop, Gonsalvo . . . 141
Black. W. W 229
Blakcly. Harry 301
Blakeney, Wni 165
Blossom. Xat 173
Blue, John J 229
Bogert, E;ldie 177
Booker. Harry 349
Booker. Jolmny 65
Booth. Eilwin 49
Bowers. Fred. \' .... 107
Bowman. Jas. M.,
I'acina: 35 r
Bowman. Jrihn 177
Bowman. Wm. T..
Facin.ET 351
Bradley. Jas. E 305
Brandisi. Sis 165
Brimmer. Lew 265
Brockway. Wm. H . . . 333
Brewer, Frank 13
Brown, Joe 229
Bruno. Gus 57
Bryant. Dan.... 99-149-225
Bryant. Mrs. Dan.... 20Q
Bryant. Fred 177
Bryant. Jerry u3
I'.ryant. Xcil 65
Buckley. I'"red 13
Buckley. .Mrs. I'red.. 209
Buckley. Geo.
Swaync 13
Buckley. James 13
I^.tickloy. Joe i8r
Buckley. R. Bishop.. 13
Buduorth. Jas i6r
Budworth. Mr.s. Jas.. 209
Eudworth. W. S 265
Bughee. Chas. R 365
I'lulucer. Harry 197
Burijess. "Cool" .... 245
Burgess. Xeil 49
Burton. Clarence .... 53
C
Cain. John E 145
Campbell. J. C 221
Campbell. J. K 221
Campbell. Sher 221
Canlield. Eugene .... 349
Cardella. Frank 105
Carle. Richard 196
Carncross. John L... 181
Carroll. R. .M 341
Carter. Billy 37
Carter. Jim 21
Carter. Otis 217
Casey. Frank 317
Cassady. Eddie 169
Castle. Wm 49
Catlin. E. .\' 105
Cawtliorne. Joe igti
Chace. Billy 321
Christy. E. Byron.... 85
Christy, Edwin P.... 45
Christy, Gen. X' 45
Clapham. Harrv J... 365
Clark. Willis ..' 337
Claudius. Dana H . . . . 265
Clifford. Billy S 196
Coes. Geo. H 357
Cogill, C. W 2-:,3
Cohan. Geo. .M 196
Cohan. Jerry 196
Cohen. Sallie 273
Collier. Willie 107
ColliiT^, Ben 133
Collins. Frank 3(11
Collins. Lew 361
Comfort. Vaughn.... 313
Connors, Jimmy .... 253
Constantine. Harrv.. 201
Converse, Frank B.. 349
Cook. James 361
Cooper. Fred 253
Corbett. Jas. J. ..125, 196
Corbin. Edmond G... 53
Cornu. E. J 105
Cotton. Ben 89
Cotton. Ben. Jr 349
Courtright, Billy .... 165
Cox. Will ( see Wm.
West) loi
Crane. Wm. H 197
Cronin. Tim 357
Cummings. Jas. H . . . 81
Cunningham. Geo. W. 321
Cushman. Frank .... 77
D
Daly, Bill 337
Daly, Dan 49
Daly, John 293
Daly, Tom 337
Dart, Fred 109
Davis, Lewis H 321
Day, Chas.' H 365
De .Angelis. Jeff 197
Delehanty. Wm. H... 301
Delmanning Bros. . . . 289
Deming. .\rthur .... 129
De Rue. Billy 137
De Rue. Bobby 137
De Vere. Geo. },!.... 29
Devere. Sam 37
Di.xey. E. Freeman.... 113
Dixey. Henry E 197
"Dixie", first per-
formance of 185
Dixon, Thos. B 281
Dockstader. Chas. . . . 249
Dockstader, Lew.
249. Facing 274
Donniker, John B . . . 105
Doty. J. .\rthur 201
Dougherty. Hughey. . 85
Dove, Johnny 341
Dukelan. "Slim Jim."
305 -.?09
Dumont. Frank 313
Duprez. Chas H 141
Du Rell. Ed 337
Du Rell. Frank 337
E
Eagan. Hubert W... 41
Edwards. Bob 21
Edwards. Geo 41
Ellis. Harry A 25-305
Ellwood. Lincoln . . . 241
Emerson. Billy 29-237
Emerson, Mrs. Billy. 209
Emerson, Mort. .. .337-361
Index to Illustrations
Emmett, Dan 13
Emniett, J. K 49
English. Tom 149
Ernest, Chas. M 89
Escott. Dick 309
'Eugene" 109-^41
Evans, Chas. E 249
Evans, Geo 293
Ewers, Wm 309
F
Fagan, Barney 341
Field, W. G 121
Fields, John F.... 277-317
Fields, Lew 197
Foley, Johnny 305
Foley, Willie 305
Foote. Wm 365
Forrest, Edwin 49
Fox, Charley 353
Fox, Eddie 105
Fox, Jas 277
Fox, Joe :-,i
Foy, Eddie 196
France, Sid. C 149
Eraser. Bob 181
Fredericks. Chas 165
Freeze. Billy 137
Freeze, Larry 13"
French, Chas. K 149
Frencli. Edwin 53
Friganza. Trixie .... 273
Frohman, Chas. . . 197-285
Frohman. Daniel .... Hi7
Frohman, Gus 285
Frothingham, Geo... 125
G
Gale, Geo 103
Gardner, Charley ... 25
Gardner, Sam ^^i
Gaylord, Low., facing 120
Germon. Francis .... 60
Gcttings. Tommy . . . 2},^
Gever. Frank C I77
GFbbs. Clark M loi
Gibson, .\lf 169
Gilbert, John D 177
Gilmore, Barney .... 196
Gilmore, P. S 49
Girard, Eddie 57
Girard, Frank 73
Girard. Willie 57
Gladdish, Fred 305
Glenn, Jas 181
Golden, Richard .... 49
Goldrich. Pete ^z
Goodman, "Hank" . . 65
Goodwin, Xat. C... 106
Gorman, Geo 157
Gorman, James 157
Gorman, John 157
Goss, Ned 277
Gould, Julia 145
Granger, Tommy . . . 161
Gray, Billy 229
Gray, Geo 217
Green. J. E 229
Greenland, \ed 365
Grier, \V. P 165
Griffin, G. W. H i^i
Griffin, Jas. H 277
Guy, .\rthur L 257
Guy, .Mrs. .Arthur L.. 81
Guy, Geo. R 121-133
Guy, Willie 133
H
Hague, Sam 97
Haines. Xat 77
Hall, .Artie 273
Hall. Bob 105
Hall. E. M 265
Hallett. Wm. H.. 305-313
Hanson, Frank 317
Harley, Geo. W 281
Harper, Xed 9
Harrigan. Xed 289
Harrington, Geo. .\.. 69
Harrington, J. C 253
Hams. Chas. K 197
H arris. Wm 197
Hart, Bob 85
Hart, Jerry 169
Hart. John 20
Hart. Tijny 289
Havcrlv, Burt 97
Havcrly. J. H.,
lacing 120
Havcrly, Mrs. Jack.. 20•^
Hawkins. Lew 133
Haye>. Tim 233
Heath, Thos. K..
facing 255
Hengler. Thos. ^L . . 301
Henry, Chas 217
Henry. Hi facing 120
Herman. J. A 217
Herne, Jas. .\ 49
Heywood. Chas 241
Milliard. Chas 260
Hincs. Wm. E 173
Hitchcock, Raymond,
125-106
Hodges. D. B 365
Hoey, Wm. F 277
Hogan. Gus 357
Hogan, Harry 357
Hogan. John P 133
Holden. Jas 105
Holmes, Edwin 141
Hoolcy, R. .\r 121
Hopper, De Wolf.... 196
Horan. Eddie 341
Horn, Eph 181-225
Horwitz. Chas 197
Howard. Charley . . . 353
Howard. Frank
( Martindale) 193
Howard, Harry 305
Howard, Rollin 109
Huber, Fred 113
Hughes, .\rchie 113
Hughes, .Artie 177
Hughes, Ruey 133
Hunneman, Chas. . . . 105
Huntley, Wm. A.... 53
Hyde, Tommy 341
J
Jansen, J. Melville... 57
"Japanese Tommy".. 1O5
Jetferson, Jos 49
Jerome, Billy 196
Johnson, .Arthur .... 2^2>
Johnson, Carroll .... 205
Jolson. .Al facing 363
Jolson, Harry 257
Jose, Richard J 193
Kanane. Mike 2^^
Kayne. E. M m
Ke Herd, John E 107
Kelly, Chas 165
Kelly, Ed 253
Kelly, Edwin 165
Kelly, Jinimv 2^;^
Kelly. J. W' 49
Kelly, .Xolan 361
Kemble. J. R ^^^^
Kemble, Mrs. J. R... 200
Kennedy. Edw. J.... 177
Kent, I'rank 141
Kernell. Harry 40
Kerns. Frank 25
King, John IT. facing 120
L
Lackaye. Wilton .... 107
Lamont & Ducrow.. 133
Lang. John 2&1
Lansing, Harry 201
La Rue. D. C 121
Latham. Mike 305
Lavake. Will loi
Lee, John H 280
Lee, Pete 113
Lee. Sam 257
Lehr, Harry 145
Lcighton. Bert 137
Leighton. Frank .... 137
"Leon" i0')-i65
Leonard. Eddie 305
Leslie. Bert I'i6
Leslie. T.im 217
Lester, Billy 2\
Lewis, Tom 33
Lewis, W. H 141
Linden, Ernest 241
"Little .Mac" 73
Livermore. C 213
Livermore, G 213
Livermore, H -3
Livermore, L 21;^
Lockwood, Chas. . . . 217
Iiide.v to Illustrations
Lorraine, Chas. F... 213
"Lotta" 273
Lovely, Joe 349
Lyons, Billy 241
M
Mack, Andrew 197
Mack, James 201 -
Mack, Jas. W 349
Mack, John A 65
Mack, Keller H
Mackin. Jas. F... 153-293
!Ma!colm. Freil. B. . . 241
Manning, Billy 237
Mannnig, Mrs. Billy. 209
Marion. Herman .... 321
Marks. Clarence .... 257
"Master" Barney 120
Maxwell. Barry 80
Mazier. Eddie 257
McAllister, Billy • • • ■ 4i
Mc.Andrews. J. W. . . . i6r
McElroy, Matt 29
McGee. Joe B 160
Mclntyre. Jas., lacing 255
McKee, .Andv ,121
McXish. Frank E.. .. 25
Melville. Chas 217
Meyering. Frank .... 300
Mills. Gus 201
Monroe. Xed iZ
JMontgomery, Dave
153-196
Montgiiniory,
"Scamp" 329
Moore. "Pony" .. 65-225
Moran. Frank 85
Morcland. .\rthnr ... 313
Morrell, Frank 103
Morns. Billy 117
Morris, Chas .A 121
Morris, Lon 117
Morse, Harry M 313
iMorton, J, W 301
iMorton, \\'ill H 333
Mudge. "H.-ink" 149
Mullally. \V. S 105
Mulligan. John 41
Mulligan. .Mrs. John. 200
Murphy, Joo. ... 113-153
Murphv, J. B 217
Myer?,' "Ole Bull"... 21
N
Xewcomb. Bobby . . . 233
Xewcomb, .Mrs.
Bobby 209
Xewcomb. \V. \V.... 65
Xiles. P. T 249
X'orcross. Jos. M.... 313
X'orman, Harry 165
Norton, Wash 22Z
O
Oakland, Will 249
Oberist, John F 217
O'Brien, John 253
O'Brien, Xeil
305, facing 330
O'Day, Billy 3^9
Olcott, Chauncey . . . iq6
P
Palmer, Chas. C 309
Parker. Lew 41
Parr. Chas 305
Pastor. Tony 49
Patti, Greg 145
Pay ton. Corse 196
Pearl. Charley 2S9
Peasley, John .A 81
Peel, Nfatt 65
Peel. Tommy 349
Pelham. Dick 13
Pell, Gilbert \V 69
Pell, Harrv 85
Pell. Jas 3i
Pell. Johnny 1 17
Pendy. John 4t
Petteugill. Charley .. 353
Pettengdl. Mrs.
Charley 209
Pickert. 'Willis 341
Powers, Jas. T 107
Prendergast. Tom. . . . 217
Primrose. Geo. H. 293-305
Purdy. S. S 149
Q
Queen. Chas. .. facing 120
Queen, John 81
Queen. Johnny 173
Quilter. Dick 33
R
Ralph. Dick 221
Raymond. Maude . . . 273
Raynor. J. W 03
Read, Beaumont .... 165
Reed, Charley 353
Reed, Dave 113
Reynolds, Chas 317
Reynolds. Charley... 353
Reynolds. Geo 317
"Ricardo." 201
Rice. Billy 73-'6l
Rice. Mrs. Billy 20Q
Rice, "Daddy" 9
Rice. Dan 49
Rice, Edw. Le Roy.
Frontispiece. 2-305
Rice. Johnny 57
Rice. John C... 106-277
Rice. \Vm. Henry,
81-141-237
Ricliardson, Billy .... 85
Richmond. Harry G.. 89
Rickey. Sam 129
Rigby, .Arthur C 129
Robinson, Harry .... 121
Robinson. Justin .... 241
Rockefeller. Geo. \V. 145
Roe, Harry \V 281
Rogers. Xeil 89
Rogers, Stevie 321
Romain, Manuel .... 193
Rumsey, Hy 53
Rushby, Horace 281
Russell. Jas. G 165
Ryman, .Add 245
s
Sandford. Jim 21
Sands, Edw 177
Sanford, Jas 81
Sanford. Sam S7
Schoolcraft. Luke 357
Scott. \Vm ,.. 305
Seamon, Chas. V.... 177
Seymour. Xelse 65 99
Sharpley, Sam 37
Shaw. Raymond .... 281
Shay, Johnny 97
Sheffer. "Buck" 301
Shelby, Dan 41
Shepard. Burt 241
Sheppard, Billy 233
Sheppard, Bob 181
Sheppard, Frank .... 361
Sheridan, John F.... 349
Shirley. Harry 281
Shunk. Harry C 77
Simmons. Lew 173
Sinclair. Geo 305
Sitgreaves, Ceverlv.. 273
Skiff. M. T 97
Skinner, Otis 197
Slavin, Bob 97
Sliter. Dick ._ 233
Slocum. E. X 333
Slocum, Mrs. E. X.. 209
Smith. Harry \V loi
Smith, John P 365
Smith, \Vm. H 365
Spooner, Cecil 273
Spooner, Edna May. 273
Stanley. Burton 201
Stanwood, Harry ... 265
Stanwood. Moody . . 60
Stine, Chas. J 77
Stone, Fred 153-106
Stratton. Eugene ... 07
Strickland. W. H . . . . 365
"Stuart" 201
Sullivan. John L 196
Surridge. J. H 165
Sutton. Charley 353
Sweatnam, Willis P . . 29
Sweeney, Dick 9
Sweeney, Joe 9-185
T
Talbott. Harry 113
Templeton. Chas. ... 217
Index to Illustrations
Thatcher, Geo 203
Thomas, Wally J33
Thompson, Denman. 197
Thompson. Johnny.. 25
Thompson. John W. 07
Tierney, Jas.
_(T. & W.) 173
Tierney, Jas. M.
(T. & C.) 357
Tilla. Hay don j8i
Trowbridge. Jos. T.. 117
Turner. Tommy .... 177
Tyrrell, Bob jSr
U
Unsworth. James ... 85
V
Van, Billy 169
Van, Billy B 197
Vaughn, Tom 45
Vernon, Paul 241
Vokes, Harry 197
W
Wag-ner,
"Happy" Cal 97-161
\\'aldron, Dan 20
Wallace. Franklyn . . 305
Wambold, Dave 117
Ward. Frank 25
Ward. "Hap" 197
Ward, W'm. H 33
Warlield, Tom 265
Warner, Chas. F.... 309
Waters, Tom,
(Waters & Kelly). 361
Waters, Tom 89
Wayne. Burt 340
W'ayne. Chas 173
Weaver, .\dd 245
Weber. Jos 197
Welbv. lake 289
Welch. Billy 57-285
Welch, i'ayette 65
Wells. Sam 333
Weslyn, Everett .... 317
West, Luke ' 129
West, Xed 129
West. Wm.
(see Will Cox) .... 173
West. Wm. H 333
Wheeler. Matt loi
White. Archie 205
White, Chas. T 229
White, "Cool" . . . 21-245
White, Frank H I73
White. Wm 69
Whitlock, Billy 13
Wild, Frank 245
Wild, John 245
Wilkes, Geo 201
Williams. Barney ... 49
Williams, Bert 297
Williams, Billy I77
Williams, Percy G.. 196
Williams. Tom 221
Willis. Oscar 53
Wills, Nat 196
Wilson. Chas 8i
Wilson. Dave loi
\N'ilson .Francis ..153-197
Wilson. Fred 225
Wilson, Geo 293
Winter, Banks I93
Wood. Billy 361
Woodson, Harry . . . 205
y
Yeamans, Jennie .... 273
MINSTREL ORGANIZATIONS, THEATRES AND
PROGRAMS
Barlow, Wilson & Rankin's 261
Bryant's ( Prosxram ) 185
Cailan. Haley & Callan's 213
Callender's 285
Campbell's 93
Christy's 45
Christy's 17
Cohan & Harris' 325
Duprez & Green's 141
Eleventh Street Opera House.
Philadelphia 61
Ethirpian Serenaders 69
Federal Theatre. Boston S
"Lambs" Minstrels 345
Mechanics Hall. Xew York 61
Morris Bros.. Pell & Trowbridge's,
Boston 117
Robinson's Harry 189
San Franciscos, .\'ew York n/
Sweeney, Joe ( Program ) 185
Virginia Serenaders 21
SKETCH OF THE AUTHOR, WITH PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS.
Let me begin by saying that I am not a "Mon-
arch of Minstrelsy," not even a duke or prince;
as a matter of fact I am a mere subject, perhaps it
would be more exact to say I am a slave, for I
cannot recall the time when the curtain having been
rung up on the first part, the interlocutor saying,
"Gentlemen, be seated," that it did not thrill me
through and through : in all probability they would
have been seated without his invitation, but still.
disappointment would have been keen had he not
have done so. Then -the overture accompanied by
the bones and tambos ; but that part of the perform-
ance seems to be obsolete now ; and how I yearn
for it. The second son of the late \Vm. Henry
„^ . ,,. Rice, who put on cork for nearly fifty years, I was
"The Inception of Negro ^^^_^^^ .^ ^^^^ ^ork City, August 24. 1871. on Four-
\1tMSTRFLSY -'•:;'
teenth Street, nearly opposite the Armory, above
Sixth Avenue. If you happen to see a crowd around there at any time, you will
know it is part of the excited populace trying to carry away portions of the build-
ing which housed me on my first appearance in any country.
I can remember, as a youngster even before my school days began, my
father asking me if I wanted to be a minstrel? I knew that my mother was
averse to it and. as they both looked at me awaiting my reply, I vehemently
said NO : that was the first lie I ever told. I have done better subsequently, but
they have no bearing on this matter. When I was about six or eight years
of age, my father, wishing to celebrate the occasion in a fitting manner, took
me down town ( Philadelphia ) and giving me my choice to go in one direction
and see "Jack the Giant Killer," or take another route and see the minstrels. I
had heard a whole lot about the youthful prodigy who made a business of trim-
ming big husky gents for the sake of getting an appetite that he might better
enjoy his meals, and confess to a feeling of curiosity; but it was the "nigger
singers" for mine, and it was there that I obtained my first recollection of any
individual performer. It was Bobby Newcomb doing Topsy. Whether it was
an "Uncle Tom" show, with which the late minstrel was prominently identified
at one time, or whether it was a burletta on Mrs. Stowe's immortal work, I
never learned, but Xewcomb's dress, a ragbag affair. I remember distinctly,
subsequently, one made from an .American flag, finishing with the well-known
suit of white duck in knee-breeches. That was the beginning. I decided then
that a minstrel's life was the life for me. and for years I importuned my father
to take me on the road with him. finally obtaining a promise to go the next
time he took a show out. This was somewhat hazy, but I clung to it tenaciously,
and when in July. 1890. he organized the World's Fair Minstrels, my happiness
was unbounded. I was in Philadelphia at the time, passing cigars and tobacco
over the counter of a Smoke Emporium presided over by Lew Simmons, one
2 MO N ARCH S OF MINSTRELSY,
of the oldest active minstrels in harness to-day; observe the date again, please.
July, 1890, was it not? At that time Lew had given up the minstrel business
entirely. I recall Lew Dockstader dropping in one day and inquiring how he
(Simmons) liked the business? "Like it?" said the senior Lew, "why I am
perfectly happy; I wouldn't go back in the business again for $100 per week."
(I remember it was PER week.) But he did, a couple of years later, and from
all appearances looks good for a few more. I joined my father's troupe. We
opened at Elizabeth. X. J., on July i-th. In the company were Billy Bircn,
Frank Moran, Frank Kent and Bob Slavin ; all since passed away.
Old minstrel habitues will recall that nigger-act wherein one of the per-
formers declares loudly to his friends that he is boss in his own home, how he
rules the ranch and so on; and just as he is saying if his wife would show up
then he would int^ict dire punishment upon her, she comes running down the
aisle from the front of the house saying, "'Where's my husband?" gathers her
lesser half by the ear and amidst the jeers of his companions, carries him away.
At the second performance, at IMorristown, N. J., I was cast for the en-
raged spouse. I believe I was made up for the part fully an hour before the
house opened. How nervous I was awaiting my cue, but when it came, my ears
seemed to hear nothing but wife, wife, wife, and instead of saying, "Where's
my husband?" I said, "Where's my wife?" * * * i won't repeat what
Being a Truthful Portrayal of the Author's First Appearance on Any Stage;
JVIorristown, N. J., July 18, 1890.
FROM -'DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 3
my father said, but what with the tears of mortification that flowed from my
eyes and the perspiration from the pores of my face, almost made washing-iip a
superfluity.
After that awful first night I got away with the part without any trouble,
and even indulged in conversations while awaiting my cue. which I had always
thought to be a physical impossibility.
Billy Birch, who was with us, used to suffer severely from rheumatism, and
just before parade would say to me, " 'Cully.' would you mind going over to
the hotel, on the bureau, right hand side, and get my medicine?" Would I go?
I felt honored.
At the opening performance we had a song and dance team who, like myr
self, were just breaking into the business. Their act was not an unqualified
success and extra tickets to Alorristown were not purchased. Some one asked
Bob Slavin what he thought of the act. to which he replied: "As a success, they're
a failure; as a failure, they're a success."
The company closed early in November and a couple of weeks before
Christmas I consented to wrap parcels at W'anamaker's store in Philadelphia
for a small weekly stipend. It was hard to work for wages after having re-
ceived a salary.
Various mercantile positions were mine until the Fall of 1894. when the
late Harry Mann opened the old Arch Street Theatre in Philadelphia for the
production of the old farces such as "Box and Cox" and others of a like nature.
I had heard that there were to be specialties between the acts, wrote for an
engagement and shortly afterwards received a reply from Mr. Mann asking
me to call. (I have that letter yet.) I told him that I had a black-face mono-
logue that was absolutely original ; he told me that he could get Willis P.
Sweatnam, but decided to give me the preference, I was quick to reply that I
wasn't as good as Sweatnam. (I was frightfully modest those days.) However,
I was engaged, and was to receive $10 for my week's services; I was certain
he could not get Sweatnam for less than $12.50 or ])ossibly $15. Monday. Sep-
tember 24, we opened ; I wore a pale-blue suit and a pleasant expression ; on
Tuesday I still had the suit, but had lost the expression, caused by the sudden
closing of the house. I have always maintained tliat if I had been billed stronger,
the house might have remained open longer; possibly another night; the $1.67
due me for my one performance, I never received, but as compensation, one
of the papers said that my monologue, besides being good in itself, was ex-
cellently rendered. It's not true that the reporter who wrote this, attended a
prizefight that evening. I banked a whole lot on that blue suit ; it was part
of my plan to be different from any other monologist, and I still think I was.
Instead of making my entrance in the conventional manner. I hit upon the idea
of having one of the scenes part in the centre, and then walk on saying, "I
just blew in," carelessly pointing to my blue suit at the same time.
The more I thought of this, the greater the sensation I was sure I would
create; I pictured the reserves being called upon to quell the riot; I saw myself
taking encore after encore, and conjured the immense audience rising in their
seats as one, begging for just one more glimpse of that blue suit; I was so sure
of my success to be, that in a burst of confidence, I told a friend about my idea,
and was horrified to learn that George Thatcher had done the self-same thing
some time before. Here was a dilemma, what was I to do? I had known
Thatcher from boyhood, and the idea of utilizing any of his ideas was -"-it to
4 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
be thought of; fortunately, about this time, he (Thatcher) played an engage-
ment at the National Theatre (Philadelphia), and I decided to see him and
explain the situation thoroughly. I found him one evening standing on the
steps of the theatre; I told the whole story, reserving nothing, and explained
that I was willing to relinquish my idea if he thought it would conflict with him
in any way, but with rare generosity he agreed not to prosecute me for plagarism
or piracy.
A week later I opened at Easton, Pa. I had a cold in the head and an old
wig; the cold I obtained in Philadelphia, the wig in Easton, it was an old one
(the wig) having lost my good one in Philly the week previous. * * * An
uncle of mine graciously advanced me the price of a ticket to Philadelphia.
* * * The watch was worth considerably more than $2. Six months later
I might have been seen doing my specialty in Paterson, N. J. ; provided you
came Monday afternoon. * * * A performer in the same dressing-room
asked me how much I paid for my trunk, which was a duplicate of his; $6 I
said; why, I paid $12 for mine, he averred. And that was all I got out of the
engagement. But that suit, little did the young lady who made it for me dream
it would one day become historical ; she is now a sedate matron in Detroit.
Wonder if she still remembers it?
In tlie fall of 1898 I was a member of one of the many California Min-
strel organizations that have invaded the country in the past fifty years. The
Spring and Summer of 1900 found me selling pasteboards to the Southerners
while with the Primrose & Dockstader Minstrels ; in the Fall of igoo I was
agent for Andrew Robson in "The Royal Box ;" 1901-02, agent for "Pud'dn-
head Wilson," with William S. Gill in the name part. Walker Whiteside, and
a return to Primrose & Dockstader; 1902-03, manager, Western Alphonse &
Gaston Co. ; 1903-04, treasurer, Great Lafayette Company.
At various times I acted as usher and lithographer at the Park, Walnut
and Arch Street Theatres in Philadelphia; Columbus Theatre, New York City,
and the Park in Brooklyn.
In July, 1907, I conceived the idea of appearing daily at the ball games in
New York City, and in the following afternoon's paper give an accurate ac-
count of the conversations entered into, together with the description of the
parties spoken to ; in addition having my own features reproduced daily to-
gether with an accurate description of myself; to any party who could single
me out was given a free pass to all the ball games on the ground where I was
detected.
Under the title of the "Man in the Bleachers" I ran. those on the New York
Evening World with great- success forifive weeks.
Then came the idea of giving to the world the lives and careers of the min-
strels, thus "presenting to the public and preserving to posterity the peculiar-
ities and personalities of prominent performers of the past and present;" and
here it is, after three years' exha;ustive and patient labor. Now for the big
show.
FROM -DADDY'- RICE TO DATE.
THE FIRST BLACK-FACE PERFORMER.
The late Laurence Hutton in "The Negro on the Stage," states that Shake-
speare's Othello was one of the earliest black-face stage characters; giving
the date of the appearance at the Globe Theatre, London, England, on April
30, 1610; Oronoko followed in 1696. But several hundred years before the
jealous Moor's appearance, a couple of young men, named Cain and Abel
respectively, did a brother act, though not necessarily a brotherly act, for the
first-named gentleman one day in a fit of peevishness did smite Master Abel
with such force that the breath did leave his body ; Cain was punished, as he
should have been; his complexion was changed from Caucasian to Ethiopian;
this was the first black face turn. Anyway, that's how the story runs. With the
reader's permission we will skip about 1,700 years, and come down to the com-
parative present.
The late Charles T. White, who made a study of minstrelsy all his life and
was himself contemporaneous with it from its inception, stated that according
to Russell's Boston Gazette of December 30, 1799, at the Federal Theatre,
Boston, a Mr. Granpner sang a song called "The Negro Boy."
Federal Theatre, Boston, Mass.
The First Recorded Black-Face Act Was Given Here Deccmb'Cr 30. 1799.
6 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
W. W. Clapp, Jr., in his "History of the Boston Stage," avers that this
would be impossible, as the news of George Washington's death, December
14, 1799, did not reach Boston until December 24, and that the theatre was
closed a week in consequence thereof. Granting this, six days would have
elapsed, and the performance undoubtedly was given, for had it not, the adver-
tisement which was inserted announcing the performance for that evening,
would not under any circumstances have been printed. However, for the sake
of argument, let us concede that the first black-face appearance (the term
black-face as used here has reference to a single performer doing a specialty)
was not on the date specified.
The next mention of a black-face performer, by 'Mr. White, was in 1815,
when an actor known as "Pot Pie" Herbert sang "The Battle of Plattsburg"
in Albany; Mr. H. D. Stone in the "Drama," published in Albany in 1873, cred-
its one "Hop" Robinson as the singer of the song; while "Sol" Smith, a reputed
eye-witness, in his (Smith's) autobiography, published in 1868, credits it to
Andrew Jackson Allen, claiming that Allen sang it at the Green Street Theatre,
Albany. 1815, playing a black-face character. Obviously there could be but
one "first" and a period of fifteen years had apparently elapsed between the
reputed appearance of Mr. Graupner and the last named gentleman ; in other
words, no claims have been made for others between 1799 and 1815. Never-
theless, there zvas an appearance between these dates, and by none other than
Mr. Graupner himself, who, on September 4, 1809 (while "Daddy" Rice was
an infant in swaddling clothes), appeared as the "Gay Negro Boy" in a circus at
Taunton, Mass. ; the honor then beyond any doubt is Mr. Graupner's ; and
equally certain is the fact that he appeared in Boston, December 30, 1799. Black-
face performers sprang up rapidly, and in earlier days no circus was considered
complete without at least one of them.
SOME EARLY BLACK-FACE PERFORMERS.
The following were all popular performers preceding minstrelsy proper;
unfortunately the dates of their deaths are practically shrouded in oblivion :
George Nichols ; Bob. Farrell, the original "Zip Coon" ; Sam Tatnall,
Barney Burns, Bill Keller, Horatio Eversell, George Rice (brother of T. D.
Rice), William J\L Hall, Thomas Blakely, Leicester, etc. Andrew Jackson
Allen, already mentioned, was born in New York City in 1776, and according
to Laurence Hutton was the costumer, dresser and personal slave of Edwin
Forrest for many years ; he was quite deaf, and was commonly known as
"Dummy" Allen. He died in New York City, October 29, 1853. James Rob-
erts, by the same authority, sang a song in negro character as early as October
7, 1824; he died in 1833.
George Washington Dixon song "Coal Black Rose," the air of which was
appropriated from an old ballad, as early as 1827. His first New York ap-
pearance was of the Lafayette Theatre, July 19, 1828. He later became no-
torious as a filibuster during the Yucatan disturbances, and died in New Orleans
in 1861. Some prominent early minstrel performers whose records and deaths
were likewise lost in oblivion are: Charley Jenkins, Master Chestnut, Harry
Mestayer, Neil Jamison and many more. There are others, too, of nearly every
decade of whom the author has made every research to gather some knowledge,
but without success.
FROM '•DADDV RICE TO DATE. 7
"DADDY" RICE.
Thomas Dartmouth Rice was the original "Jim Crow," the story has been
told in many ways, but the authentic version appeared in the Atlantic Monthly
in 1867, and herewith is reproduced verbatim; it is from the pen of Robert P.
Nevin.
"Thirty-six years ago a young man, about twenty-five years of age, of a
commancHng height — six feet full, the heels of his boots not included in the
reckoning — and dressed in scrupulous keeping with the fashion of the time,
might have been seen sauntering idly along one of the principal streets >of Cin-
cinnati. To the few who could claim acquaintance with him he was known as an
actor, playing at the time referred to a short engagement as light comedian in a
theatre of that city. He does not seem to have attained to any noticeable degree
of eminence in his profession, but he had established for himself a reputation
among jolly fellows in a social way. He could tell a story, sing a song, and
dance a hornpipe, after a style which, however, unequal to complete success on
the stage, proved, in private performance to select circles rendered appreciative
by accessory refreshments, famously triumphant always, li it must be confessed
that he was deficient in the more profound qualities, it is not to be inferred that
he was destitute of all the distinguishing, though shallower, virtues of character.
He had the merit, too, of a proper appreciation of his own capacity ; and his aims
never rose ab-ove that capacity. As a superficial man he dealt with superficial
things, and his dealings were marked by tact and shrewdness. In his sphere he
was proficient, and he kept his wits upon the alert for everything that might be
turned to professional and profitable use. Thus it was that, as he sauntered along
one of the main thoroughfares of Cincinnati, as has been written, his attention
was suddenly arrested by a voice ringing clear and full above the noises of the
street, and giving utterance, in an unmistakable dialect, to the refrain "of a song
to this effect :
"Turn about an' wheel about an" do jis so,
An' ebery time I turn about 1 jump Jim Crow."
Struck by the peculiarities of the performance, so unique in style, matter,
and "character" of delivery, the player listened on. Were not these elements — was
the suggestion of the instant — which might admit of higher than mere street or
stable-yard development? As a national x>t "race" illustration, behind the foot-
lights, might not "Jim Crow" and a black face tickle the fancy of pit and circle,
as well as the "Sprig of Shillalah" and a red nose? Out of the suggestion leaped
the determination ; and so it chanced that the casual hearing of a song trolled by
a negro stage-driver, lolling lazily on the box of his vehicle, gave origin to a
school of music destined to excel in popularity all others, and to make the name
of the obscure actor, T. D. Rice, famous.
As his engagement at Cincinnati had nearly expired, Rice deemed it expe-
dient to postpone a public venture in the newly projected line until the opening
of a fresh engagement should assure him opportunity to share fairly the benefit
expected to grow out of the experiment. This engagement had already been
entered into; and accordingly, shortly after, in the Autumn of 1830, he left Cin-
cinnati for Pittsburg.
The old theatre of Pittsburg occupied the site -of the present one, on Fifth
8 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Street. It was an unpretending structure, rudely built of boards, and of mod-
erate proportions, but sufficient, nevertheless, to satisfy the taste and secure the
comfort of the few who dared to face consequences and lend patronage to an
establishment under the ban ^of the Scotch-Irish Calvinists. Entering upon duty
at the "Old Drury" of the "Birmingham of America,"' Rice prepared to take ad-
vantage of his opportunity. There was a negro in attendance at Griffith's Hotel,
on Wood Street, named Cuff — an exquisite specimen of his sort — who won a
precarious subsistence by letting his open mouth as a mark for boys txi pitch pen-
nies into, at three paces, and by carrying the trunks of passengers from the steam-
boats to the hotels. Cuff was precisely the subject for Rice's purpose. Slight
persuasion induced him to accompany the actor to the theatre, where he was led
through the private entrance, and quietly ensconced behind the scenes. After the
play. Rice, having shaded his >Dwn countenance to the "contraband" hue, ordered
Cuff to disrobe, and proceeded to invest himself in the cast-off apparel. When
the arrangements were complete, the bell rang, and Rice, habited in an old coat
forlornly dilapidated, with a pair of shoes composed equally of patches and places
for patches on his feet, and wearing a coarse straw hat in a melancholy condition
of rent and collapse over a dense black wig of matted moss, waddled into view.
The extraordinary apparition produced an instant effect. The crash of peanuts
ceased in the pit, and through the circles passed a murmur and a bustle of liveliest
expectation. The orchestra opened with a short prelude, and to its accompani-
ment Rice began to sing, delivering the first line by way of introductory recitative:
"O, Jim Crow's come to town, as you all must know.
An' he wheel about, he turn about, he do jis so.
An' ebery time he wheel about he jump Jim Crow."
The effect was electric. Such a thunder of applause as followed was never
heard before within the shell of that old theatre. With each succeeding couplet
and refrain the uproar was renewed, until presently, when the performer, gath-
ering courage from the favorable temper of his audience, ventured to improvise
matter for his distiches from familiarly known local incidents, the demonstra-
tions were deafening.
Now it happened that Cuff, who meanwhile was crouching in dishabille under
concealment of a projecting flat behind the performer, by some means received
intelligence, at this point, of the near approach of a steamer to the Monongahela
Wharf. Between himself and others of his color in the same line of business, and
especially as regarded a certain formidable competitor called Ginger, there ex-
isted an active rivalry in the baggage-carrying business. For Cuff to allow Gin-
ger the advantage of an undisputed descent upon the luggage of the approaching
vessel would be not only to forfeit all "considerations" from the passengers, but,
by proving him a laggard in his calling, to cast a damaging blemish upon his
reputation. Liberally as he might lend himself to a friend, it could not be done
at that sacrifice. After a minute or two of fidgety waiting for the song to end,
Cuff's patience could endure no longer, and, cautiously hazarding a glimpse of his
profile beyond the edge of the flat, he called in a hurried whisper: "Massa Rice,
Massa Rice, must have my clo'se ! Massa Griffif wants me — steamboat 's comin' !"
The appeal was fruitless. Massa Rice did not hear it, for a happy hit at an
unpopular city functionary had set the audience in a roar in which all other
sounds were lost. Waiting some moments longer, the restless Cuff, thrusting his
"DADDY" RICE
NED HARPER
JOE. SWEENEY DICK. SWEENEY
BLACK-FACE PERFORMERS WHO ANTEDATED MINSTRELSY
PROPER.
lo MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
visage from under cover into full three-quarter view this time, again charged upon
the singer in the same words, but with more emphatic voice : "Massa Rice, Massa
Rice, must have my clo'se! Mapsa Griffif wants me — steamboat's coinin' !"
A still more successful couplet brought a still more tempestuous response, and
the invocation of the baggage-carrier was unheard and unheeded. Driven tj
desperation, and forgetful in the emergency of every sense of propriety, Cuff, in
ludicrous undress as he was, started from his place, rushed upon the stage, and
laying his hand upon the performer': shoulder, called out excitedly : "Massa Rice,
Massa Rice, gi' me nigga's hat — nigga's coat — nigga's shoes — gi' me nigga's
t'ings! Massa Griffif wants 'im — steamboat 's comin'!!"
The incident was the touch, in the mirthful experience of that night, that
passed endurance. Pit and circles were one scene of such convulsive merri-
ment that it was impossible to proceed in the performance ; and the extinguish-
ment of the footlights, the fall of the curtain, and the throwing wide of the doors
for exit, indicated that the entertainment was ended.
Such were the circumstances — authentic in every particular — under which
the first work of the distinct art of Negro Minstrelsy was presented.
Next day found the song of Jim Crow, in one style of delivery or another,
on everybody's tongue. Clerks hummed it serving customers at shop counters,
artisans- thundered it at their toils to the time-beat of sledge and of tilt-hammer,
boys whistled it on the streets, ladies warbled it in parlors, and house-maids re-
peated it to the clink of crockery in kitchens. Rice made up his mind to profit
further by its popularity: he determined to publish it. Mr. W. C. Peters, after-
wards of Cincinnati, and well known as a composer and publisher, was at that
time a music dealer on Market Street in Pittsburg. Rice, ignorant himself of the
simplest elements of musical science, waited upon Mr. Peters, and solicited his
co-operation in the preparation of his song for the press. Some difficulty was
experienced before Rice could be induced to consent to the correction of certain
trifling informalities, rhythmical mainly, in his melody; but, yielding finally, the
air as it now stands, with a pianoforte accompaniment by Mr. Peters, was put
upon paper. The manuscript was put into the hands of Mr. John Newton, who
reproduced it on stone with an elaborately embellished title-page, including a
portrait of the subject of the song, precisely as it has been copied through succeed-
ing editions to the present time. It was the first specimen of lithography ever
executed in Pittsburg.
Jim Crow was repeated nightly throughout the season at the theatre ; and
when that was ended, Beale's Long Room, at the corner of Third and Market
Streets, was engaged for rehearsals exclusively in the Ethiopian line. "Clar de
Kitchen" soon appeared as a companion piece, followed speedily by "Lucy Long,"
"Sich a Gittin' up Stairs," "Long-Tail Blue," and so on, until quite a repertoire
was at command from which to select for an evening's entertainment.
Rice remained in Pittsburg some two years. He then visited Philadelphia,
Boston, and New York, whence he sailed for England, where he met with high
favor in his novel character."
Before he sang "Jim Crow," Rice was considered only a mediocre performer.
Jos. N. Ireland, in his "Records of the New York Stage," says that he drew
more money to the Bowery Theatre than any other performer in the same period
of time. His appearances were generally with dramatic organizations, where he
usually performed between the acts. Flis minstrel performances were compara-
tively few, and mostly confined to Charley White's Serenaders ; though he played
FROM -DADDV RICE TO DATE. ii
a star engagement at Wood's Minstrels in August, 1858, also in New York. At
'the Bowery Theatre in the Metropolis, he appeared with much success for
several weeks as Uncle Tom, commencing January 16, 1854. He was the author
of several early negro farces, the -most popular being, "Oh, Hush!" "The
Mummy" and "Bone Squash." The first New York performance of "O, Hush"
was given August 15, 1832. He was noted for his eccentricity of dress; the but-
tons on his coat and vest were five and ten dollar gold pieces, which he would
give away indiscriminately as souvenirs. He married a Miss Gladstone in Eng-
land, June 18. 1837. "Daddy Rice was born in New York City, May 20, 1808. He
died there September 19, i860.
THE FIRST MINSTREL PERFORMANCE.
There has always been considerable discussion as to the exact date when this
interesting event took place ; two things are certain, and have never been dis-
puted, viz. : that it actually did occur, and that the initial presentation was in New
York City, between January 31 and February 17, 1843.
That the idea of amalgamating the respective talents of the original four,
Emmett, Brower .Pelham and Whitlock, was conceived by the latter, there is no
doubt ; the following was furnished by him many years before his death.
"The organization of the minstrels I claim to be my own idea, and it can-
not be blotted out. One day I asked Dan Emmett, who was in New York at the
time, to practice the fiddle and the banjo with me at his boarding-house in
Catherine Street. We went down there, and when we had practiced, Frank
Brower called in by accident. He listened to our music, charmed to his soul!
I told him to join with the bones, which he did. Presently Dick Pelham came in,
also by accident, and looked amazed. I asked him to procure a tambourine and
make one of the party, and he went out and got one. After practicing for a
while we went to the old resort of the circus crowd — the 'Branch,' in the Bowery
— with our instruments, and in Bartlett's billiard-room performed for the first
time as the Virginia Minstrels. A program was made out, and the first time we
appeared upon the stage before an audience was for the benefit of Pelham at the
Chatham Theatre. The house was crammed — jammed with out friends ; and
Dick, of course, put ducats in his purse."
The house on Catherine Street was No. 37, and was kept by a Mrs. Brooks.
The "Branch" was a hotel opposite the Bowery Amphitheatre.
On January 31, 1843, Dick Pelham did have a benefit, but the performance
was of the ordinary nature: nothing unusual, such as a quartet of black-face per-
formers appearing at one time, which would have caused considerable stir ; thus
may we eliminate January 31, 1843, as the date of the first performance in public.
The following announcement appeared on February 6 :
BOWERY AMPHITHEATRE,
Monday evening, Feb. 6. 1843, ^''^t night of the novel, grotesque, original and
surpassingly melodious Ethiopian Band entitled
THE VIRGINIA MINSTRELS
Being an exclusively minstrel entertainment combining the banjo, violin, bone
castanets and the tambourine, and entirely exempt from the vulgarities and other
objectionable features which have hitherto characterized negro extravaganzas.
12 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
The New York Herald commented on the performance for the first time on
February 9 ,
The quartet remained at the Bowery Amphitheatre until
February 1 1 ; five days later they were over Cornucopia Hall,
at No. 28 Park Row ; February 22, they began an engagement
at the Park Theatre, and shortly afterwards went to Boston,
where they played at Melodeon Hall for a few weeks, and
sailed from New York, April 21, 1843. May 21, they gave
their first performance at Liverpool, England, at the Concert
Rooms on Concert Street ; subsequently playing a week in
1 1 45 Manchester, and thence to the Adelphi in London, where they
FROM THE Hotel remained one month ; the original four disbanded then.
BILLY WHITLOCK
was a typesetter on the New York Herald, and appeared at various theatres in
the evening, while retaining his position during the day.
He made his first appearance in New York City in 1835, as Cufif in "O,
Hush." He resigned from the Herald in 1837, and went with a circus : he re-
turned to New York, and in the Winter of 1839 was engaged by P. T. Barnum
to play the banjo for John Diamond, the great dancer.
Mr. Whitlock was the first to return to the United States after the dissolu-
tion of the original company; he arrived about August, 1844; subsequently ap-
pearing with various small organizations and circuses.
For many years he traveled as a Yankee comedian, and was also an actor
at the Bowery Theatre about 1853; he was the composer of "Lucy Long," one
of the great songs of early minstrelsy. His last appearance was with Dan Rice's
Circus in 1855.
His daughter married Edwin Adams, the great actor.
It is a -strange thing that no one seems to know where Mr. Whitlock is
buried. Billy Whitlock was born in New York City, 1813; he died at Long
Branch, N. J., March 29, 1878.
DICK PELHAM (Richard Ward Pell),
like Billy Whitlock, made his first appearance in his native city in "O, Hush,"
in 1835. February 13, 1840, he danced against John Diamond in New York City.
November 14, 1842. he appeared at the Franklin Theatre in New York, and
on January 16, 1843, he had a benefit at the Amphitheatre, on which occasion he
appeared in sixteen songs and dances, and played in the farce "Negro Assurance;"
yet we think continuous performances are of recent origin. After the disso-
lution of the original four in England. Mr. Pelham played an extended engage-
ment at Sadler's Wells Theatre in London. April 22, 1844, in conjunction with
Dan. Emmett, Frank Brower and Joe Sweeney, they reorganized their little
band and opened in Dublin, Ireland ; at the Theatre Royal, afterwards, appearing
in Cork, Belfast, Glasgow and Edinburgh, after which they disbanded.
Mr. Pell subsequently organized Pell's Serenaders, and played all the large
cities in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. His last appearance was at
Birmingham, England, August 19, 1856.
DAN. EILMETT FRANK BROWER
The above four performers gave in New York City, February 6, 1843, the
first minstrel performance ever given ; they were knovi'n as the Virginia Minstrels.
R. lilbllUF BLCKLEV
IAS. nUCKLEV
FRED. BUCKLEY
THE ORIGINAL BUCKLEY SERENADERS.
SVVAINE BUCKLEY
14
MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Dick Pelham was born in New York City, February 13, 1815; he died in
Liverpool, England, October 8, 1876.
DAN. EMMETT (Daniel Decatur Emmett)
was better known to the general public than any of his associates, from the fact
that he outlived nearly all his contemporaries, and the more important one that
he was the author of "Dixie," which will live forever.
Mr. Emmett first blacked up at the age of sixteen, and two years later
Town Hall Tg-Night— Minstrels.
joined Sani. Stickney's Circus. At the age of twenty-five, he learned to play the
banjo, and traveled with Angevine's Circus until he reached New York, in 1842.
In 1843, after leaving his three associates in England, he performed at
Bolton, Lancashire; he rejoined Pelham and Brower in Dublin, Ireland, April 22,
1844, and played with them and Joe Sweeney for several weeks.
Returning to the United States, he appeared with various circus and minstrel
companies.
In 1853-54 he was part proprietor of White's Minstrels in New York; in
1855 he opened the first minstrel hall in Chicago, at 104 Randolph Street.
FROM "DADDV RICE TO DATE. 15
Emmett's Minstrels opened at St. Paul, Minn., April 26, 1858; he was also
associated with Frank Brower in a minstrel company in the 5o's.
Mr. Emmett joined Bryant's Minstrels in New York City in 1858, and re-
mained several years; after Dan Bryant's death in 1875. he accepted a position
as leader in the Star \'arieties, Chicago. In the Fall of 1881 he went out with
Leavitt's Minstrels, where in conjunction with several old timers, they gave a
reproduction of the original \'irginia Minstrels of 1843.
His last engagement was a tour of the country with Al. G. Field's Minstrels
about ten years ago.
An account of the famous song of "I Wish I Was in Dixie," will be found
elsewhere.
Dan Emmett was born in Mt. \'ernon, Ohio, October 29, 181 5, where he
died, June 28, 1904.
FRANK BROWER,
the junior member of the first minstrel company, made his first appearance at
Dick Myers' Museum in Philadelphia, doing a song and dance, about 1838;
subsequently he joined John Robinson's Circus, and later Raymond & Waring's
Circus.
After the separation of the original minstrel company in London in 1844,
Mr. Brower traveled with Cook's Circus in England; and in the Spring of 1844,
with Pelham, Sweeney and Emmett, they gave their old performance, opening
in Dublin, Ireland, April 22, 1844, and playing engagements in Cork, Belfast,
Glasgow and Edinburgh, after which he returned to America and played with
some of the principal minstrel and circus organizations, •
In 1851 he revisited England, appearing as clown with Welch's Circus.
February 28, 1856, he opened at Sanford's Minstrels in Philadelphia.
His last engagement in minstrelsy was with Tunnison's Minstrels in Phila-
delphia, November 2, 1867; ^n^l his last appearance on the stage was in the same
city, November 22, 1867, at the Walnut Street Theatre, in "The Lottery of Love."
Mr. Brower's "Happy Uncle Tom" was as perfect a piece of acting, it has
been said, that has ever been seen on any stage. He was original to a degree, and
never stooped to vulgarity in any form.
Frank Brower was born in Baltimore, Md., No.vember 20, 1823; he died in
Philadelphia, June 4, 1874.
THE BUCKLEY SERENADERS.
James Buckley, the father of R. Bishop, G. Swayne and Fred Buckley was
the organizer of the justly famous Buckley Serenaders ; they were originally
known as the Congo Melodists ; subsequently upon playing an extended engage-
ment in New Orleans, they adopted the title of "New Orleans Serenaders";
later using the name they were ever after known by.
Mr. Buckley was leader at Harrington's Museum in Boston in 1840.
In 1843 he organized the Congo Melodists in Boston, and gave their first
performance at the Tremont Theatre; in October they were playing the Taber-
nacle, the present site of the Howard Athenaeum. Their first New York appear-
ance was in 1845 ; the following year they went to England, where they re-
mained about two years. For family reasons each of the four Buckleys adopted
i6 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
different names on this trip, and retained them for a time after their return to the
United States in 1848; James Buckley was known as James Burke.
Their metropolitan reappearance was made at the Society Library Rooms,
corner Broadway and Leonard Street ; they played here as early as January 3,
1849.
The Buckleys were the first recognized company from the East . to visit
California, which they did in 1852 ; they played in tents at $3 per ticket. In June,
1853, they made their third New York appearance at the Chinese Assembly Room,
539 Broadway, which they leased and made into a minstrel hall ; they remained
three years. August 25, 1856, they opened at 585 Broadway; their last perform-
ance there was January 9, 1858; subsequently they played a brief engagement
at 444 Broadway, commencing two days later.
In May, 1858, they began a brief engagement at the Ordway Hall in Boston,
and in November, same year, they began a short season at Allston Hall on Tre-
mont Street ; subsequently returning to New York at 585 Broadway, opening
July II, 1859.
On March 21, i860, they sailed again for England, where they met with
pronounced success; in this engagement they played under their own names.
As a matter of actual fact, their success was so great, that rival managers
became jealous, and succeeded in digging up an old law which prevented an
opera other than the Royal Opera from being given ; as the Buckley's success
depended on the production of these operas, which they produced on a lavish
scale, they were compelled to return to America, which they did in 1861. After
playing several engagements, they returned to Boston and opened at Allston Hall,
October 13, 1862. December 22, same year, they began an engagement at the
Palace of Music, New York (the present site of the Fourteenth Street Theatre),
and June 15, 1863, they again visited Boston, appearing at the new hall, corner
Chauncey and Summer Streets, remaining until April 9, 1866.
The retirement of James Buckley and the deaths of R. Bishop and Fred
Buckley, left only G. Swayne Buckley, who reorganized the company and toured
with intermittent success and failure until about 1876, when the Buckley's Sere-
naders passed into oblivion.
Such is the history of this famous family whose talents and versatility are
beyond comprehension to the present generation.
They were the first company to produce burlesque opera, which they did on
a scale of magnificence never since duplicated.
The company originally consisted of the four members of the family; later
they were augmented by Sam Sanford and J. C. Collins; this was about 1846; in
after years many of the prominent lights of the minstrel profession appeared on
their roster. Mr. Jas. Buckley was the only member of the organization who was
not active up to the time of his death.
James Buckley was born in Manchester, England, 1803 ; he died in Quincy,
Mass., April 27, 1872.
R. Bishop Buckley, began his career in 1843 ^^ Boston as member of the
original Buckley Serenaders.
He was an excellent mimic, accomplished musician and good actor.
He was best known for his performance on the Chinese fiddle, which was
never equaled except by a native Chinaman. He was the possessor of a good
tenor voice, which he used easily and gracefully.
mM MSTrMi
'at mechanics hall, 472 BROADWAY N.Y in 1847
mropmAL cmsTrMiNsfm^
i8 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Mr. Buckley was known as J. C. Rainer in the late 40's, while in Europe and
shortly after their return.
R. Bishop Buckley was born in England, 1826; he died in Quincy, Mass.,
June 6, 1867.
George Swayne Buckley, the most versatile of the famous Buckley family,
made his first appearance as a prodigy at Harrington's Museum in Boston, in
1840.
Later, while learning to play the banjo, the famous Joe. Sweeney took an
interest in him, and "starred" him for a lengthy period through the country as
"Young Sweeney," which title he used as late as May 15, 1845.
Some idea of Mr. Buckley's versatility may be gleaned from the fact that
in one performance he sang a song and done a banjo solo in the first part, played
a solo on the kitchen bellows in a burlesque on the Julien Concerts ; gave Locust
Hum in the third part : played a part in the burlesque opera ; danced with two
others in the finale, and gave his bone solo, which was a wonderful performance ;
with them he gave imitations of the drums, the march, the reveille, etc., conclud-
ing with imitations of two horses running a race. It must be understood that all
these performances were given in an artistic manner ; and this was about sixty-
five 3'ears ago.
Probably Swayne Buckley's chief fame rests on the act he did in later years;
it was called "Musical Moments ;" in it he performed on twelve different instru-
ments, playing several at one time.
July 8, 1867, he reorganized in Boston the Buckley Serenaders with himself
as the one remaining member of the famous family in its company.
In 1870 Mr. Buckley played an engagement with the San Francisco Min-
strels in New York City; and on September 3, 1872, with Sam Sharpley he or-
ganized a company and gave minstrelsy on new lines, eliminating the time-hon-
ored first part.
The two following seasons saw Buckley's Serenaders on the road, and on
September 13, 1875, he opened with the minstrels at Beethoven Hall, Boston;
their stay was brief ; a road tour was even less successful.
In 1871 he played in a sensational melodrama called "On the Track;" in
this he portrayed seven characters. Mr. Buckley's last appearance was at the
Walnut Street Theatre, Philadelphia, playing Zip, a negro, in "Devotion."
George Swayne Buckley was born in Bolton, England, August-, 1829; he
died in Quincy, Mass., June 25, 1879.
Fred Buckley came to America with his father and brothers in 1839 ; when,
as previously stated, the family changed their names, Mr. Buckley was known as
Master Ole Bull.
He was leader of the orchestra in their organization for many years.
Some of the famous ballads of early minstrelsy were composed by him, such
as "We Are Growing Old Together," "I'd Choose to Be a Daisy," "Laughing
Jennie," "I See Her Still in My Dreams," "I'm Turning Gray, Dear Kate," and
numerous others. ^
Mr. Buckley married Fanny Brown, the actress, January 29, 1857.
Fred Buckley was born in Bolton, England, October 12, 1833 ; he died in
Boston, Mass., September 12, 1864.
PROM -DADDV RICE TO DATE. 19
CHRISTY'S MINSTRELS
were originated and first organized by Edwin P. Christy, and after tliat gentle-
man retired from the profession, a few years later, part of his old company or-
ganized and went to Europe, giving their first performance there August 3,
1857 : they were called the "Christy" Minstrels. From this company several
others sprung, and for a great many years all minstrel organizations in England
were called "Christy's."
E. P. Christy had a "card" on his program for many years, stating that his
was the first minstrel company organized, the date given as 1842. In support of
this at one time gave a statement of receipts covering a period of six months in
1842, and up to January i, 1848.
It is a noteworthy fact that Mr. Christy's "card" did not appear until after
Wood's, likewise Campbell's — two permanent minstrel organizations like his own
in New York City, had prospered and made their presence felt.
As has been stated elsewhere, black-face performers there were a-plenty long
before the original fmir gave their first joint performance; they played chiefly
in circuses and dance houses, and it was in one of the latter that Mrs. Harring-
ton, mother of George Christy, and subsequent wife of E. P. Christy, kept, where
these performances were given, and were very common occurrences at that time,
and this was the only basis that Mr. Christy had of ante-dating the original com-
pany. There is no doubt that after the intelligence reached Buffalo of the suc-
cess of Pelham, Whitlock, Emmett and Brow.er, that Mr. Christy, like scores of
others, formed a company and called them Christy's Minstrels ; the date of this
interesting event has never been made public, if indeed it was ever recorded. The
first record of the company that the author has been able to find was in Albany,
N. Y., May, 1844. On Sunday, August 17, 1845. R. M. Hooley is said to have
led the orchestra for them at the Assembly Room in Buffalo, N. Y.
Their first metropolitan appearance was at Palmo's Opeca House, April 27,
1846; they subsequently played at the Society Library Rooms and later at the
Alhambra, all in the same city.
But it was at Mechanics Hall. 472 Broadway, New York, that the name of
Christy's Minstrels became famous; they opened there on February 15, 1847,
and remained until July 15, 1854. On September 20, 1854, the company sailed
for California; they played a few weeks at Pratt's Hall m San Francisco, but were
not overly successful.
Such is the story of E. P. Christy's Minstrels; the original company con-
sisted of E. P. Christy, George Christy, Tom Vaughn and Lansing Durand ; the
careers of most of these performers, also their portraits, will be found elsewhere.
It was the withdrawal of George Christy from E. P. Christy's Company that
caused their dissolution.
Edwin P. Christy was best known as a ballad singer, although he played
the banjo acceptably and played parts in his entertainments ; he made a specialty
of singing Stephen C. Foster's songs.
He returned from California early in 1855, and never appeared again pro-
fessionally ; nor did he ever play in England, although his name is a household
word there yet even to this day.
Edwin P. Christy was born in Philadelphia. November 28, 1815; he died
(suicide) in New York City, May 21, 1862.
20 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
George N. Christy (Harrington), is conceded to have been one of the
greatest performers that ever graced the minstrel stage ; he was versatile by all the
term applies; had he deemed to use his talents otherwise, his name might have
been enrolled as one of America's great actors.
His career began at Bufifalo, N. Y., in 1839; although he had not yet entered
his teens, he was rated a fine jig dancer.
He was associated with E. P. Christy a few years before the latter organized
his minstrel company.
George Christy was with Christy's Minstrels in New York from February
15. 1847, until October 29, 1853, during which period he played every con-
ceivable part ; male and female equally well ; he was a great endman and as a
bone player ranked with the best.
Owing to a misunderstanding, he left E. P. Christy on October 29, 1853,
and two days later he joined forces with Henry Wood at 444 Broadway, where
as Wood and Christy's Minstrels they held forth many years.
During the 50's Wood and Christy took the house vacated by E. P. Christy,
put a show in there and run both establishments for several months ; Billy Birch
and Christy played on the ends in their respective houses, after which each would
go to the other theatre and contribute to the rest of the entertainment.
December 2, 1854, "444" was destroyed by fire, and the company after a
brief tour, resumed at "472." "444" was rebuilt and reopened October i, 1855.
Subsequently the company opened at Wood's Marble Palace, 561-563 Broad-
way, which was especially built for them, October 31, 1857; the other houses
were then closed.
Christy withdrew from Wood on May i, 1858, and went to California,
opening at San Francisco under the management of Tom Maguire, June 7;
the company was known as Christy's Minstrels; they remained in California
several months ; subsequently Christy and R. M. Hooley formed a partnership
and returned to New York, opening at 444 Broadway, May 23, 1859. Christy
had previously signed an agreement with Henry Wood not to appear within
100 miles of New York for a period of eighteen months, commencing May i,
1858.
When George Christy attempted to perform, he was enjoined from doing
so by Wood ; Christy then took the road until the time limit had expired, open-
ing at Niblo's Saloon, November 7, 1859; he played here about one year, and
subsequently moved opposite to 585 Broadway.
In 1864 he was with J. W. Raynor's Company; and on September 4, 1865,
he began an engagement with Hooley in Brooklyn ; a year later he opened with
Kelly and Leon's Minstrels at 720 Broadway; this was the initial performance
of the latter company in the metropolis.
January 16, 1867, with G. W. H. Griffin, he organized Griffin and Christy's
Minstrels, opening at the Fifth Avenue Theatre (late Madison Square The-
atre) ; they closed June 27, went on tour and reappeared in New York, July 29,
at Union Hall, Fifth Avenue and Twenty-third Street; they closed on Septem-
ber 23 and went traveling.
His last appearance was with Hooley's Minstrels, May 2, 1868, in Brook-
lyn, N. Y.
George Christy was born in Palmyra, N. Y., November 6, 1827; he died
in New York City, May 12, 1868.
THE VIRGINIA SERENADERS, 1843.
Reading from left to riglit, in later years the above performers were fami-
liarly known as Jim Sanford, "Ole Bull" ilvers. Jim Carter, Bob Edwards and
"Cool" White.
BILLY LESTER T All, ALLEN
LESTER AND ALLEN— Thev came later.
22 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
William A. Christy, the younger son of E. P. Christy, was a comedian,
and a fair end man.
His greatest proficiency was in the delineation of the female character.
Late in i860 "Christy's" Minstrels, under his management, toured for a
brief season; they closed, and on July 4, 1861, they reorganized and opened at
the Athenaeum, Brooklyn, N. Y.
William A. Christy died in New York City, December 8, 1862, aged 22
years.
E. Byron Christy was a son of E. P. Christy ; he was a comedian, and
best known for his stump speeches. He played with Sanford's Minstrels in
Philadelphia in 1859, and with George Christy's Minstrels same year, after the
latter's return from California. In 1865 "Christy's" Minstrels made a tour
under his management.
He died in New York City, April 6, 1866, aged 28 years.
JOE SWEENEY (Joel Walker Sweeney)
was tlie "father of the banjo" and one of the earliest black-face performers.
Mr. Sweeney and two brothers traveled in a wagon through the South in
the early 3o"s, and certainly as early as 1838 when he was with a circus that
played in Lynchburg, Va.
Pie played many subsequent engagements with circuses, notably with the
John Robinson Show.
About 1S43 h^ went to England, where he traveled with Cook's Circus.
April 19, 1844, with Brower, Pelham and Emmett, he formed again the
Virginia Minstrels ; they played in Dublin two weeks, and several other cities,
after which the quartette broke up ; Pelham and Sweeney then performed in the
principal cities of the United Kingdom, Sweeney returning to the United States
about 1845.
He subsequently organized Joe Sweeney's Opera Troupe and traveled
chiefly through the South at intermittent periods up to within about a year or
two of his death.
In April, 1852. he played an engagement with Charley White's Minstrels
in New York. Up to the time of Joe Sweeney, the banjo, so-called, was made
trom a gourd and had four strings only ; he took an old cheese box, cut it in
half, covered it with a skin and added another string; the fine instruments we see
to-day are the evolution of the crude affair just described ; this was about 1830.
Joe Sweeney was born at Appomattox, Va., 1813; where he died October
27, i860.
Geo. Holland, father of the late Geo. Holland, and of E. M. and Jos. Hol-
land, and who was known as one of the great comedians of the old stock
days, made his appearance with Wood and Christy's Minstrels in New York
City, December 21, 1857, playing female parts in black-face, and remained
with the company six months.
The famous "little church around the corner" gained its name and fame
through the death of this great old actor.
George Holland was born near London, England, December 6, 1871 ; he
died in New York City, December 20, 1870.
FROM "DADDV RICE TO DATE. 23
Edwin Forrest, America's first great actor, at the Globe Theatre, Cincinnati,
Ohio, July 17, 1823, played Cuff, a Kentucky negro, in the "Tailor in Dis-
tress."
In this play Mr. Forrest imitated the black man in dress, accent, gait,
dialect and manner ; and was said to be the first actor to do so.
Edwin Forrest was born in Philadelphia, March 9, 1806; he died there
December 12, 1872.
"Ole Bull" Myers (J. Richard Myers) was one of the earliest and best
violinists in minstrelsy.
He entered the profession in 1835, and was with numerous black-face
companies, notably the Virginia Serenaders in 1843 ; this organization, a
photograph of which will be found elsewhere, played an engagement at the
Chatham Theatre, New York, January 24, 1844.
"Ole Bull" Myers was born in Baltimore, Md., May 9, 1909; he died in
Philadelphia, September 10, 1874.
P. T. Barnum, the great circus man, in the fall of 1836 while traveling with
a small show of his own, had the misfortune to lose the services of Jim Sand-
ford, one of his principal "cards," who was doing "nigger" business ; but
rather than disappoint his audience, Barnum "blacked up" and sang "Such
a Gittin Up Stairs," and other songs that were popular that day.
P. T. Barnum was born in Bethel, Conn., July 5, 1810; he died at Bridge-
port, Conn., April 7, 1891.
Tom Christl\n, one of the first, also one of the best to do Tyrolean warbling
in minstrelsy, joined E. P. Christy's Minstrels in New York in 1847, ^"d
continued as a member of that organization until it disbanded in 1854; sub-
sequently he joined Sanford's Minstrels in Philadelphia, and Raynor's
"Christy" which toured the covmtry until they sailed for England in June,
1857, when Christian went with them ; he remained with the organization
which afterwards was known as Moore, Crocker and Ritter's Minstrels, until
his death.
Tom Christian died in London, England, January 29, 1867 ; aged 59
years.
Dr. G. R. Sp.\lding, whose "Floating Palace" and steamers "Banjo" and
"Gazelle" and "James Raymond" gave minstrel performances on the rivers
for many years, commencing about 1855, was a native of Coeymans, N. Y. ;
he died in New Orleans, La., April 6, 1886, aged 68 years.
Sam Johnson (Isaac Ray) was one of the earliest minstrel performers; as
early as the Summer of 1844 he appeared in Hoboken, N. J., at Otto Cot-
tage as one of the Operatic Brothers and Sisters.
He died at River View, Ky., about November i, 1876, aged 62 years.
Jim Sandford (Blandford) was one of the earliest jig dancers of minstrelsy.
He appeared with small companies as early as 1843 ! ^"d for several years
traveled with the great John Diamond. He was noted for his fastidiousness
in dress.
24 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY',
He was born in Baltimore, Md. ; he died in Philadelphia, September 2,
1855 ; aged 41 years.
John Washington Smith was one of the earliest and best negro delineators
ante-dating minstrelsy proper, although he was later associated with sev-
eral prominent organizations.
His earliest recorded appearance was with the Lion Circus in Cincin-
nati, December, 1838.
The following year he played in New York, and a year later went to
Europe, where he performed with "Pickaninny" Coleman. Returning to
America, he played at the Bowery Amphitheatre, April 25, 1842.
In 1849 hs wrote and first sung the song that was afterwards in the .
repertoire of many famous minstrels — "Old Bob Ridley ;" this occurred in
New Orleans, La.
In the Fall of 1855 he was with the original San Francisco Minstrels
in the California metropolis. Fie subsequently went to Australia and other
foreign countries, where for many years he piloted various minstrel organ-
izations.
John Washington Smith was born in the United States about 1815 ;
he died in S. Yarra, Australia, August 31, 1877.
Francis Germon was one of the early comedians and tambourinists in
minstrelsy.
December 25, 1839, at Taunton, Mass., in a concert there he was sing-
ing the old song of "Sittin' on a Rail."
About 1844 he joined the Ethiopian Serenaders, and continued as a mem-
ber of that party several years.
September 15, 1845, Mr. Germon and the company, as shown on another
page, began an engagement at Palmo's Opera House, New York.
Francis Germon died in Philadelphia, it is said, in the 50's.
Ned Harper was one of the early black-face performers who ante-dated
minstrelsy proper.
He was the author of "Jim Along Josey," and the first to sing it in his
drama, the "Free Nigger of New York," about 1838.
February 22, 1837, at the Lion Theatre, Boston, he played Gumbo Cufif
in "O' Hush."
He died in England about fifty years ago.
"Bill" Ceda (Wm. Price), up to the time of his death was the oldest living
minstrel in England, where he had been since 1848; he was a comedian and
general performer, and made his first appearance at the Bowery Theatre,
New York, in 1840; in June, 1848, he was with the Virginia Harmonists.
Bill Ceda was born in the United States ; he died in Liverpool, Eng-
land, March 9, 1873.
Dick Sweeney, a brother of the famous Joe Sweeney, and 'who traveled
with him in the 30's and 40's, giving concerts in black-face, died in Washing-
ton, D. C, in i860, it is said. He was born in Virginia about 1815.
FRANK WARD
(of the Original Clipper Quartette) (
HARRY A. ELLIS
of the Original "The Quartette")
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JOHNW THOMPSON FRANK KERNS
(Thompson & Kerns were the original double song and dance team; 1862.)
CHARLEY GARDNER
(Original "Hop Light Loo")
FRANK E. McNISH
(Original "Silence and Fun")
"SOME ORIGINALS."
26 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Nelson Kneass' fame has been handed down to posterity for his association
with the song of Ben Bolt, which was composed by Thomas Dunn English ;
an old German tune was supplied by Mr. Kneass, and through it the verses
have become immortalized.
Mr. Kneass followed the profession of negro minstrelsy for many years.
February i, 1841, he was leader of the "orchestra" at the opening of
the Museum, Albany, N. Y. In 1846 he was a member of the Sable Har-
monists ; in 1853 with Sanford's Minstrels in Philadelphia, and on June 2,
1854, Mr. Kneass and his daughter, Annie, who later married J. N. Rent-
frow, of Rentfrow's JolU' Pathfinders, were with Wood and Christy's Min-
strels in New York, the former as Aunt Chloe, and the latter as Eva in "Uncle
Tom's Cabin.
In 1859 he was with a minstrel company in Chicago, and late that same
year was with Dan Scott's Dramatic Company.
Nelson Kneass was born in Philadelphia ; he died in Chillicothe, Ohio,
September 10, 1869.
G. Warren White was a famous vocalist in the early days of minstrelsy.
He began as a boy singer, and later was with Dumbleton's Serenaders ; also
with Ordway's Aeolians in Boston.
His later years were spent with the Campbell-Castle Opera Company,
and the Kellogg Opera Company.
Mr. White was born in Boston, Mass., in 1816; he died in Somerville,
Mass., in March, 1886.
Dan Gardner was equally at home as a clown in a circus, or as a minstrel.
At the age of 13, on the 13th of the month, he ran away from home, and
after walking thirteen miles, joined a canal boat show.
He soon after returned to his heath, and subsequently held the position
of assistant property man at Mt. Pitt Circus in New York, on the site that
is now occupied by the Hoe Printing Press Company. Mr. Gardner began
his clown business there.
As early as 1835 he did a wench character ; it is considerably more than
probable that he was the first performer to do a female part in black-face.
And he was absolutely the first to do Lucy Long, a famous characterization
in early minstrelsy.
In every decade commencing in the 30's, Mr. Gardner was prominently
identified with minstrelsy. He was with Sam Sanford's Minstrels as early
as 1844, and when the latter took the present Eleventh Street Opera House
in Philadelphia, he played numerous engagements there in the 50's, 6o's
and 70's.
In 1845 he was one of the famous Operatic Brothers and Sisters in New
York City.
Mr. Gardner was the father of W. H. Gardner, prominent in circus busi-
ness ; also Lida Gardner, who was the original Mabel Santley of the Rentz-
Santley Burlesquers.
Dan Gardner was born in New York City, October 28, 1816 ; he died in
Atlantic City, N. J., October 7, 1880.
M. C. Campbell (Cainan), one of the great ballad singers in the early
days of minstrelsy, first appeared prominently at Wood's Minstrels in New
FROAI "DADDV RICE TO DATE. 27
York in 185 1 ; he remained successively a member of Wood and Christy's;
Wood's ; and George Christy's Minstrels, covering a period of about nine
years.
In February, 1861, he organized a company with James Budworth.
I On November 10, 1862, he gave the first performance of Campbell's
Minstrels at what is now known as the Fourteenth Street Theatre, New
York : June 27, 1864, his company opened at what is now known as the
People's Theatre, New York ; January 16. 1865, R. M. Hooley became
associated in the management, and in the Spring of the same year he dis-
posed of his interest to Hooley.
Mr. Campbell had various minstrel companies until about 1870, when
he retired; subsequently he was identified with the Evening Nczcs, New York
City.
M. C. Campbell was born in London, England, 1817; he died in New
York, January 6, 1883.
Edwin De.wes was associated with some of the very earliest minstrel
companies in existence in his native and other Eastern cities in the mid-
dle 40's.
About 1850 he went to California, where he remained many years. \Mien
he first played in the great coast metropolis, the "theatre" was a tent.
Edwin Deaves had a pleasing personality and a commanding presence,
which eminently fitted him for the position of "middle-man" in the various
companies in which he was associated. Mr. Deaves was among the first to
sing the lamented Foster's ballads, such as "Old Dog Tray," "Nellie Gray"
and others.
When George Christy and his company arrived in San Francisco in the
Summer of 1858, Mr. Deaves at once became a member. Likewise was he
associated there with Birch, ^\'ambold, Bernard, Backus and many other
burnt cork luminaries many years before these artists made a metropolitan
reputation.
Edwin Deaves was born in Philadelphia, in 1817; he died in New York
City, July 19, 1890.
Eph. Horn (Evan Evans Horn) was a name to conjure with for many years.
His professional career began more than seventy years ago. He first ap-
peared in New York City about 1847 ^s a member of the Ethiopian Sere-
naders.
In conjunction with Charley White, they formed Horn and White's
Minstrels, opening in New York, April 2, 185 1. Subsequently he was identi-
fied with practically all the famous permanent minstrel companies in the
metropolis, including Wood's, Campbell's. Buckley's, Bryant's, and E. P.
Christy's ; with the latter he went to San Francisco, Cal., in the Fall of 1854,
where he remained eighteen months. Subsequently he appeared as clown in
a circus, in black face. In 1858 he played an engagement with Ordway's
Aeolians in Boston. Mr. Horn was a fine end man in his day, and all-round
general comedian.
In the Summer of 1865 he went to London, where he played a brief
engagement.
Eph. Horn was born in Philadelphia, Pa., 1818; he died in New York,
January i, 1877.
28 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Sam Gardner (Sylvester Gardner) was a prominent minstrel interlocutor
for forty years; he was likewise a splendid bass singer, and had been identi-
fied with many prominent organizations, notably Wm. Henry Rice's Min-
strels in Cincinnati, with whom he opened September 2, 1872. He had been
a resident of Omaha, Neb., where he died March 10, 1888, for many years.
He was born in New York City about 1818.
Zenas Rumsey was one of the early minstrel performers of the '40's. He
possessed a good tenor voice, and from 1847 to 1850 he sang at the Bowery
Theatre.
That year he married Mary Van Keuren, and retired from the profession.
He was born in Shawangunk. N. Y. ; he died in Ellenville, N. Y., Decem-
ber 10, 1891, aged 73 years.
Marshall S. Pike was one of the pioneers of minstrelsy, as well as one
of the first female impersonaters. In 1843 in conjunction with the Powers
Brothers and L. V. H. Crosby, they formed a little company, and appearing
with whitened faces and flaxen wigs, styled themselves the Albino Family
subsequently they changed to blackened features, and were known as the
Harmoneon Family, afterwards the Harmoneons. It was this company
that sang for President Polk in the White House in 1847.
Mr. Pike married in 1849, and in that same year joined Ordway's Aeo-
lians in Boston, and continued with them for several seasons, leaving in
1857 and organizing "Pike's Harmoneons."
Subsequently he was identified with various dramatic companies, Mr.
Pike was the author of' more than 100 songs, the most popular of which was
"Home Again," written in 1849.
Marshall S. Pike was born in Westboro, Mass., May 20, 1818; he died
in Upton, Mass., February 13, 1901.
Napoleon W. Gould, famous as a vocalist and guitarist in many minstrel
companies, came to the United States in 1848.
He joined E. P. Christy's Company in New York about 1850, remaining
about four years.
In 1859 he became a member of Bryant's Minstrels, same city, and
continued there for several seasons. His last professional appearance was
with George Christy's Minstrels in New York about fifteen years previous
to his death.
Napoleon W. Gould was born in London, England, June 7, 1819; he
died in New York, May 23, 1881.
John H. Collins was a well-known vocalist with various minstrel companies.
He was the husband of Julia Gould, the prima donna of Buckley's
Minstrels.
In the Spring of i860 he was with Wood's Minstrels, and in the Fall
of that year he joined Rumsey and Newcomb's Company, going to Cuba
with them, where he died in December, i860.
"Pickaninny" (Thomas E. ) Coleman was one of the early black-face
performers ante-dating minstrelsy proper.
30 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
He played many engagements in New York in the early 40's, with John
W. Smith, with whom he made a trip to England in 1840.
He died in Newark, N. J., July 5, 1859.
John Landis was one of the old-time minstrels and general black-face per-
formers ; he was with Sam Sanford's Minstrels in 1859, and at one time was
prominently identified with his own company. He died in Philadelphia, Sep-
tember 19, 1863.
S. E. Clark was one of the early interlocutors, or "middle-men" of
minstrelsy ; he was rated an excellent bass vocalist, and was with the Bryant's in
New York in 1857.
He died in New Haven, Conn., February 3, i860.
Julius A. von Voniiurst was one of the early banjo players of minstrelsy,
and practically his entire career was spent with Sanford's Minstrels in Phila-
delphia.
Pie married a Miss Luther about 1854, and three years later retired from
the profession.
He died at Reading, Pa., February 16, 1869, aged 40 years.
Jim Carter, one of the earliest of black-face performers, and whose portrait
may be seen on another page, was also one of the original Campbell's Min-
strels, organized June, 1847.
He died many years ago.
Philip Rice was one of the pioneer banjo players of minstrelsy.
In the very early days he constructed an instrument by tacking a skin
over a peck measure that had been sawed in half; this attracted wide at-
tention.
June 18, 1856, he was with Dave Reed's Minstrels on board the steamer
"James Raymond," which traveled on the Mississippi River.
He died at Grand Lake, Ark., December 4, 1857.
Tom Raleigh (T. R. Mahan), one of the musicians of the real early days
of minstrelsy, was accidentally shot and killed by Frank Hussey, comedian, in
San Francisco, December 5, 1859.
George Lea, one of the pioneers of the variety theatre business in New
York City, was the proprietor of Lea's Minstrels at 185 Chatham Street, in
the Fall of 1853.
He died at Port Jervis, N. Y., August 20, 1902,
"Picayune" Butler (John Butler), one of the best of the early banjoists,
and who made famous the song "Picayune Butler's Comin' to Town," had
considerable vogue in the 50's.
He died in New York City, November 18, 1864.
George A.' Harrington was one of the members of the Ethiopian Serenaders
FROM "DADDV RICE TO DATE. 31
who appeared in New York, September 15, 1845. The following year they
appeared in London, England.
He was a good bass singer and banjoist, and was the first to sing "Lucy
Neal."
He died in Philadelphia, January, 1859.
William Parrow, who was with Joe. Sweeney's Minstrels in the 40's, and
was said to be the original Old Bob Ridley, was murdered at Lebanon,
Tenn. ; he died November 29, 1870.
Wm. Henry Rice, long famous for his burlesque female impersonations,
sat on the end with his own minstrel company in Cincinnati, September,
1872.
"Pony" Moore (George Washington Moore). This unique character in
minstrelsy, up to the time of his death, enjoyed the double distinction of
being the oldest living minstrel, as well as having attained greater longevity
than any other known black-face performer.
There have been many versions of the veteran's interesting career. Mr.
Moore in a letter to the author, dated Decembr 3, 1908, says his first ap-
pearance was in New York with Welch and Delevan at the old Broadway
Circus in negro opera, playing in black-face, in 1844.
In a series of articles commencing August i, 1909, in Lloyd's Weekly
Nezvs (London, England), Air. Aloore stated that he must have been about
twenty-one when he first blacked his face, and speaks of Frank Brower, who
was in the same company with him as having got the idea of making the
first set of "bones" then known.
This would make the date 1841. and as the incident concerning Brower
actually did occur while with Roger's Circus, during the week of July 4,
that year, the date of his first appearance in black-face may be safely stated
to have been in 1841. Previous to this, however, he had been associated in
many capacities with various circuses, but chiefly as a driver ; it had been
said that he handled as many as forty horses at one time, and in that way
received the sobriquet of "Pony," which clung to him all his life.
It was in 1844 that his first prominent engagement as a black-face per-
former, however, occurred.
Mr. Moore further stated that "he joined Haworth and Horton's Opera
Troupe, September 13, 1854, and the year following organized Hunter, Hed-
den and Moore's Troupe."
It is a fact that J. Hunter and William Hedden, the one a comedian and
the other a fine dancer, were with Raynor's "Christy" Minstrels as late as
May I, 1856, as likewise was "Pony" Moore. The Raynor Company re-
turned to New York and opened there on February 2, 1857, playing about
a month, after which they took a tour previous to their departure for Eng-
land ; Mr. Moore left the company at the conclusion of the New York en-
gagement, and at once joined Matt. Peel's Minstrels; he continued with this
company until in the Summer of 1858, they played an engagement in New
York. A short time later Matt. Peel left the organization which subsequently
was known as Sniflfen's Campbell's Minstrels.
Mr. Moore continued with this troupe until February 12, 1859, on which
32 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
date he left to rejoin Matt. Peel's company, continuing with the latter until
his (Peefs) death, May 4, 1859; after which he became a member of Burtis'
Varieties in Brooklyn, N. Y.
One month later Earl Pierce died in London, England. Pierce had been
a great favorite in the British Metropolis, and J. W. Raynor sent for \V. W.
Newcomb, the well-known comedian, to take the place of the deceased.
Evidently Mr. Newcomb did not relish the idea of a sea trip, and "Pony"
Moore, on his own initiative, went to London and presented himself to his
former manager. It is an odd fact that on this occasion Mr. Moore had to
sign an agreement "not to be too funny."
It had been remarked that during the period of Pierce's death and the
subsequent occupation of his chair by Moore, that it remained vacant. This
is inaccurate. Pendmg the advent of "Pony" Moore, it was occupied by
W. P.' Collins, a member of the company. Mr. Moore continued with the
company for one year, at the expiration of which, Mr. Raynor retired to
private life. Several companies sprang from the parent organization, one
of which, Wilsom and Montague's "Christy's," Mr. Moore joined.
It is pertinent at this juncture to remark that from this period, all min-
strel organizations were known as "Christy's" in England.
Mr. Moore continued with Wilsom and Montague for about four years,
and immediately after, in conjunction with Johnny Ritter, J. P. Crocker and
Henry Hamilton, organized a company bearing their names ; with the ex-
ception of the latter, all were performers. They gave their first performance
at Chester, England, November 14, 1864.
After playing through the provinces for several months, they opened in
London, at St. James Hall, September 18, 1865. Subsequently through pur-
chase and death's intervention, Mr. Moore was sole owner of the com-
pany. Later, Fred. Burgess was taken in partnership, and as Moore and
Burgess' Minstrels flourished several years. Mr. Moore's last appearance
with his own company was in January, 1894.
April 9, 1904, saw the last of permanent minstrelsy in London. It
seemed that a minstrel show at St. James Hall without "Pony" Moore was
like "Hamlet" without Hamlet.
Mr. Moore's last appearance was made in London at the Pavilion for
the benefit of Mr. Frank Glenister.
Air. Moore was twice married ; first about i860, and subsequently in
1884. Three daughters were the result of the first union. They married
Fred. Vokes, of the famous theatrical family of that rtame ; Charles Mitchell,
the former champion pugilist, and Eugene Stratton, the premier black-face
vaudeville artist in England. With the exception of the latter, all were
English born.
"Pony" Mo'^re was born in New York City, February 22, 1820; he died
in London, England, October i, 1909.
Fe.\nk Lynch was one of the great dancers of early minstrelsy. He
traveled with Barnum in the 40's as "John Diamond," after the great show-
man had had difficulties with the original Diamond. Lynch was last heard
of in St. Louis, Mo., in 1859.
Morris Abrams is one of the oldest living black-face performers. He did
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(The oldest team of theatrical partners in existence)
NED— MONROE S: MACK— KELLER
DICK— QUILTER & GOLDRICH— PETE
JAS.— PELL,& LEWIS— TOM
(Portraits reserved)
34 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
nigger business on the style of "Daddy" Rice in England, after Rice's phe-
nomenal success there in the 30's.
Mr. Abrams is said to be living in retirement in Brighton, England.
Lansing DtJRAND, one of the four original performers of E. P. Christy's
Minstrels, was a jig dancer of exceptional merit. In later years he was of the
team of Painter and Durand, gymnasts. He was living as late as 1872.
John Arnold Cave is probably the oldest living black-face performer.
He made a reputation in England more than sixty years ago doing
nigger acts with the late E. W. Mackney.
Mr. Cave is said to be at present a guest of the Charter House, where
he obtained through the late King of England. He (Cave) was formerly
proprietor of the Old Vic Theatre, London, England.
George Raynor was a well-known minstrel vocalist, and a brother of j. W.
Raynor, the famous manager. He was with Wood's Minstrels in i860, also
other prominent organizations.
He died in Brooklyn, N. Y., April 2, 1864, aged 43 years.
Sam Sanford, whose correct name is said to have been Lindsay, was one of
the pioneer minstrel managers and performers.
His first appearance was at the age of nine years. He subsequently
joined a circus, and on February 16, 1843, ^or the first time assumed mana-
gerial duties. About 1846 he joined Buckley's Company, and went to Eng-
land with them, returning late in 1848.
Mr. Sanford left the Bucjkleys about two years later.
He built the first theatre ever constructed especially for a minstrel com-
pany, at Twelfth and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia, Pa., which he opened
August I, 1853; it was destroyed December 9, following. April 23, 1855,
Sanford's Minstrels opened at the Eleventh Street Opera House, that city ; he
continued until the Spring of 1862.
Subsequently Mr. Sanford had other theatres in the Quaker City, and
one in Harrisburg, Pa., as well as many traveling minstrel organizations.
About 1875 he essayed the role of Uncle Tom, and played that character
at intervals for several years. In his day Mr. Sanford was rated as one of
the best comedians of his time. Sam Sanford was born in New York City
January i, 1821 ; he died in Brooklyn, N. Y., December 31, 1905.
Cool White (John Hodges') was one of the pioneers of minstrelsy: he
entered it at its inception, and for many years was one of the most brilliant
luminaries. Mr. White was a grand interlocutor, and an actor of no ordi-
nary merit.
As early as 1838 he appeared at the Walnut Street Theatre in his native
city, singing songs in black-face between the acts. He portrayed the dandy
negro, and as such was very successful.
In 1843 'ic organized the Virginia Serenaders. Later he organized the
Sable Melodists, and sUbsequentl)' Sliter's Empire Minstrels, and was with
them four years. He then appeared as a Shakespearian clown with Spalding
and Rogers Circus, and after engagements with some other minstrel com-
FROM -DADDV RICE TO DATE. 35
panics, he joined Sam Sanford's ]\Iinstrels in Philadelphia about 1855, and
continued there about four years.
He then went to New York, and later organized Cool White's Broad-
way Minstrels, and on September 12, 1870, in Brooklyn, N. Y., with Archie
Hughes and Fayette Welch, started a permanent minstrel company in that
city.
In the Fall of 1879 he played Uncle Tom. For several years prior to
his death he had been connected with Hooley's Theatre in Chicago.
Cool White was born in Philadelphia July 28, 182 1 ; he died in Chicago,
Ai)ril 23, 1891.
Charles T. White was one of the greatest men that minstrelsy produced.
His career began with minstrelsy in 1843, at which time he appeared with
various small companies.
The following year he organized the Kitchen Minstrels, and was with
many companies until Xovember 24, 1846, when he opened the Melodeon at
S3 Bowery, New York. He was twice burnt out, but rebuilt each time.
The place finally closed April 22, 1854, and on August 7, following he
opened a place at 49 Bower}- ; each establishment was run as a minstrel
show ; the admission was 6^4 and 12JX cents. Mr. White was again burnt
out, and later opened places at 585 and 598 Broadway. He was w-ith Mrs.
Matt. Peel's Minstrels about 1861.
He was the author of innumerable minstrel sketches, some of which
are yet in use. For several seasons he had traveled with the "WHiite Slave,"
and at the time of his death was a member of Edward Harrigan's Company,
playing Mrs. Jackson in "Reilly and the 400," a black-face part.
Mr. White w-as twice married.
Charles T. White w-as born in New York June 4, 182 1 ; he died there
January 4, 1891.
Bob Shepp.\rd. This famous old-time performer began his career as a jig
dancer in his native city in 1832: the "theatre" where he made his debut
being no less a place than his father's slaughter-house : the admission 6^4
cents, with the privilege of looking at the cattle : the audience usually had a
"bully" time.
In 1856 he opened a concert hall in Philadelphia, where many artists
of prominence in later years made their appearance.
In Bob Sheppard's day, performers had to be versatile ; and as a dancer
and tambourine player, he had no superior in his time ; but in the delineation
of Old Bob Ridley, he excelled.
He was with some notable organizations, including Shorey's Minstrels
in 1863.
Bob Sheppard was born in Philadelphia, in 1821 ; he died there August
15, 1898.
Andy Leavitt made his first stage appearance April 8. 1837.
In 1842 he leased Bleeker Hall in Boston and transformed it into Lea-
vitt's Opera House. As early as 1858 he traveled with Leavitt's Ethiopian
Troupe, and that same year he opened a small theatre at 22 Beaver Street,
Albany, N. Y.
36 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
March 30, 1859, he leased the Gayetj^ Theatre on Green Street, in the
same city. In the early 70's he went to the Howard Athenaeum in Boston,
where for many years he remained. He was especially clever in the acts with
Harry Bloodgood ; the latter doing the comedy.
Andy Leavitt was an unusually intelligent performer, and was the
author of several negro farces that were widely used.
He was likewise responsible for the song "Ham Fat," that achieved
great vogue several years ago.
In 1882 and 1889 he played white-face parts with "Joshua Whitcomb"
and "Two Sisters" respectively ; his stage career ended about this time.
About 1891 he secured a position as stage door man at the Hollis Theatre,
Boston, which he retained five years.
Andy Leavitt was born in Boston, Mass., in 1822 ; he died there Febru-
ary I, 1901.
William B. Donaldson was the inventor of the jawbone used as a musical
instrument by black-face performers several years before the first minstrel
performance was given.
He was associated with minstrel and circus organizations for forty years,
and was the first black-face clown to appear in a ring.
Like most performers of his day, he played the banjo ; but Mr. Donald-
son created a sensation by playing it with his left hand.
His professional debut was made in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., in 1836, as
"Young Jim Crow," after the style of "Daddy" Rice. In June, 1847, he was
one of the five original members of the first Campbell's Minstrels.
About three years before his death he became proprietor of the Lock-
. wood House in Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
William B. Donaldson was born October 13, 1822 ; he died in Pough-
keepsie, N. Y., April 16, 1873.
Bob Edwards (Dean) was one of the earliest bone players, arid in his youth
was known as "Master" Edwards.
In 1841-42 he traveled though Pennsylvania as a jig dancer. In 1843
and 1844 he was a member of the famous Ethiopian Serenaders, a group
picture of which will be found on another page.
Subsequently he withdrew from that company, and joined Sanford's Min-
strels in Philadelphia, where he remained for a long time.
In 1862 he had the Gayety Music Hall in Harrisburg, Pa., and a few
years before his death was proprietor of his own company.
Bob Edwards was born in Philadelphia in 1822 ; he died in Buffalo, N.
Y., July 24, 1872.
George Guy was the founder of the famed Guy Bros. Minstrels.
Mr. Guy, who was an excellent baritone vocalist, had the unique dis-
tinction of sitting in the first part with his six sons ; an occurrence that had
no parallel in minstrelsy.
The original Guy family of entertainers consisted of father, mother,
daughter and six sons.
Mr. Guy's principal engagements were with Christy's, and Kelly and
Leon's Minstrels. About 1874 he organized the Guy Brothers Minstrels
as a permanent institution, and as such it has continued ever since.
SAM. SWAIN
SAM. SHARPLEY
BILLY CARTER SURROUNDED BY SOME CELEBRATED "SAMS."
38 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
i\Ir. Guy married Amelia Evans in London, England, in 185 1.
George Guy, Sr., was born in London, England, January 20, 1822 ; he
died in Springfield, Mass., February 23, 1895.
R. M. HooLEY was associated with all that was best in minstrelsy.
He came to America in 1844, and on August 17, the following year, he
played his first engagement in Buffalo, N. Y., as "leader" of E. P. Christy's
Minstrels : he remained with Christy for two years.
About 185 1 he organized his own company, and took same to Europe,
where he played Paris, Boulogne, Brussels and other Continental cities. Dur-
ing the 50's he was associated in the management of Maguire's Minstrels
in California, and in 1858 was proprietor with Maguire of George Christy's
Minstrels in San Francisco.
Returning to New York in 1859, he soon separated from Christy, and
on February 6, i860, in co-partnership with Sher. Campbell and G. W. H.
Griffin, organized Hooley and Campbell's Minstrels; this company dis-
banded in July, 1861, and the following year Mr. Hooley opened his famous
minstrel hall in Brooklyn, where he continued for several years.
During the above period Hooley had a company in Philadelphia at the
old Seventh Street Theatre, from September 7 to October 17, 1868.
October 19, 1868, he opened another minstrel show in Brooklyn, at the
Odeon, the present site of the Novelty Theatre.
The home of the original Hooley Company was destroyed by fire May
12, 1865, and that same month the energetic manager opened at 201 Bowery,
New York, the present site of the People's Theatre. January 2, 1871, Mr.
Hooley opened Brj-an Hall, the present Grand Opera House in Chicago, and
remained several months.
The big fire of October, 1871, having destroyed his theatre, Mr. Hooley
thereupon built what is now known as Power's Theatre, Chicago, which he
opened with his company in 1872, and flourished about three years, when he
returned to his old love in Brooklyn, and began an engagement in 1875.
In the Spring of 1876 in conjunction with Billy Rice, he formed Rice
and Hooley's Minstrels for a road tour; December, 1876, they opened at
Hooley's old Opera House in Brooklyn for a limited engagement. Mr.
Hooley again went to Chicago, and on March i, 1880, opened with a min-
strel company at the Novelty Theatre.
In September, 1882 he associated with Rice; and Billy Rice and Hooley's
Minstrels opened in Joliet, 111., but disbanded after a few months.
Mr. Hooley married Miss Rosina Cramer of New York, in San Francisco,
about 1856, after a brief but romantic courtship.
R. M. Hooley was born in Ballina, Ireland, April 13, 1822 ; he died in
Chicago, 111., September 8, 1893.
WiLLi.\M A. Porter, one of the earliest members of E. P. Christy's Minstrels,
made his first theatrical appearance as a supernumary in the old Chatham
Theatre, New York, in the fall of 1841.
His debut as a black-face performer occurred in the Spring of 1844 with
the Clark Brothers Panorama Show.
I\Ir. Porter made his first appearance with E. P. Christy's Minstrels at
the Eagle Street Theatre, Buffalo, N. Y., April 5, 1845.
FROM "DADDV RICE TO DATE. 39
February 15. 1847, he opened with the company at Mechanic's Hall,
New York, and remained there until 1853, after which, in the Fall of that
year, he became a member of George Christy and Henry Wood's Minstrels.
Mr. Porter subsequently went to California and identified himself with
Backus' Minstrels there.
Early in 1855 he rejoined E. P. Christy's Company in San Francisco,
acting as business manager.
In August, same year, he set sail for Australia with Backus' Minstrels ;
he remained in that country until 1859. during which period he engaged
in mining and mercantile pursuits, as well as following his profession.
Mr. Porter returned to New York about September, 1870, later making
his home at Johnsonburg, N. Y., where he died January 18, 1906.
William A. Porter was born in Hartford, Conn., May 4, 1822.
J. W. R.wxoR (Rea) came to America at the age of ten years.
His first professional appearance was as a vocalist in New York City
about 1845. In June, 1847, ^Ir. Raynor was one of the original members
that comprised the first Campbell's ]\Iinstrels.
Not long after this he joined E. P. Christy's Minstrels in New York City,
and continued with them until the dissolution of the company in that city,
July, 1854. Mr. Raynor then organized a "Christy Minstrels" and for three
years traveled successfully in the United States and Canada. July 11, 1857,
in partnership with Earl Pierce, he sailed with a company for England,
where they opened in London, August 3, following.
He met with immediate and lasting success, and exactly three years
from the date he left America, Mr. Raynor announced his retirement, and
returned to the United States, arriving August 15, i860.
Less than four years later the old fever came back to Mr. Raynor,
and he organized another "Christy's" Minstrels, and continued at its head
until about January i. 1866, when he laid aside business cares of that nature
for good and all, settling down in Paterson, N. J., where he became one of
its most honored citizens.
J. W. Raynor was born in Ireland March 31, 1823; he died in North
Paterson, N. J., April 5, 1900.
George Kunkel began his career as a black-face performer in 1844. In
1853 he organized a minstrel company that became famous as the Night-
ingale Serenaders ; they traveled until 1855.
In the latter year Mr. Kunkel became manager of a theatre in Baltimore,
and continued in such until i8fii, when he again reorganized his minstrel
company for a tour. In 1866 the company was formed for the third time
for a brief engagement, after which Mr. Kunkel played LTncle Tom, and
for many years, or until shortly before his death, he appeared in that role,
in which he was eminently successful.
He married Ada Proctor, the actress, about 1861.
George Kunkel was born in Green Castle, Pa. ; he died in Baltimore, Md.,
January 25, 1885 ; aged 62 years.
Joseph T. Trowbridge was prominent as a bass singer and interlocutor.
He joined Ordway's Aeolians in Boston in 1852, and continued with
40 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
them until December, 1857, when Johnny Pell, Lon and Billy Morris and
John T. Huntley, organized a company bearing their names, and opened in
Boston. Mr. Trowbridge was with them. Mr. Huntley withdrew about
March, 1859, and the company was thereafter known as that of Morris
Bros., Pell and Trowbridge, and as such it continued until 1867. He later
became identified in the management of two Boston theatres. About 1872
he retired from active business.
Jos. T. Trowbridge was born in Newtonville, Mass., September, 1823;
he died in Chelsea, Mass., Jan. 11, 1891.
Hank Mason was familiarly known as "Hank, the Mason." He was one
of the foremost jig dancers in the early days of minstrelsy. He was born
April 18, 1823; he died in Brooklyn, N. Y., October 9, 1885.
W. W. Newcomb (Coomb) was one of the best known performers of
minstrelsy.
As a boy he traveled with circuses. In the late 40's he formed a partner-
ship with Bije Thayer, of Boston, and successfully conducted a minstrel
company about four years.
He made his first New York appearance in December, 185 1 ; subse-
quently playing with Fellowe's Minstrels, and later Wood's Minstrels, in
New York, with whom he remained until July, 1853. That same year he
went with Campbell's Minstrels, and continued four years with them.
In 1857 with Hy. Rumsey he organized Rumsey and Newcomb's Min-
strels, playing in the United States, Canada, Cuba, England and Germany.
The organization broke up in London in the Spring of 1862.
Mr. Newcomb and Eph. Horn organized a company the following year;
Mr. Horn soon dropped out, and Newcomb's Minstrels continued until
1871.
April 17, that year, Newcomb and Arlington's Minstrels opened in New
York, on the present site of the Fifth Avenue Theatre.
Mr. Newcomb subsequently appeared with various companies, his last
appearance being at Hooley's Theatre in Brooklyn, N. Y., February 17,
1877.
"Bill" Newcomb was the originator of the "Essence of Old Virginny"
dance ; a great end man ; and he was especially noted for his stump speeches.
W. W. Newcomb was born in Utica, N. Y., Aug. 4, 1823 ; he died in
New York May i, 1877.
John Diamond was one of, if not the greatest jig dancers that the world
ever knew. -
At a very early age he gave evidence of the wonderful talents he pos-
sessed, but it was not until the late P. T. Barnum took him in hand, and at
Vauxhall Garden, New York, in the Spring of 1840, and brought him out,
and subsequently took him all over the Union, and later to Europe, that he
achieved the recognition he so richly deserved.
After the original four had given their first minstrel performance in
February, 1843, Diamond was called upon to strengthen the quartette at a
subsequent performance, a very short time later.
JOIIX MULLIGAN
MILT. G. BARLOW
LEW. PARKER
JOHN PENDY
BILLY ARLINGTON
DAN. SHELBY
GEO. EDWARDS
HUBERT W. EAGAN
BILLY McAllister
PROMINENT PERFORMERS OF THE PAST AND PRESENT.
42 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
On July 8, 1844, he danced a contest with Master Juba, the colored
dancer, aiW the greatest his race ever knew.
He was feted and courted for many years, but dissipation and riotous
living carried him to an early grave.
John Diamond was born in New York City, in 1823 ; he died in Phila-
delphia, October 29, 1857.
J'. A. Herman (Simonson) was one of the very earliest ballad singers in
minstrelsy : he was the possessor of a sweet tenor voice which he used in
rendering the old songs to excellent advantage.
Mr. Herman's first appearance was in New York, at the Olympic The-
atre, in 1839, singing "Norah McShane."
His first minstrel engagement was with the "Campbell's"; he was with
this company in New York as early as October 17, 1848.
Subsequently he was associated with Wood and Fellowe's ; Henry Wood
in 1852; VVood and Christy from 1853 to 1858: in the Fall of that year he
joined SnifFen's "Campbell's" Minstrels, and when George Christy returned
from California in the Summer of 1859, Mr. Herman went with him, and
continued with Christy for a long period.
About 1863 he joined Hooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn, and remained
with them several years ; barring the time Hooley was in Chicago.
Mr. Herman's two brothers, George W. and William H., were both
old-time minstrels. Mr. Herman retired from the profession a great many
years before his death.
J. A. Herman was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., January i, 1823; he died
at Wood Haven, Long Island, N. Y., January 23, 1901.
*■ D.\N Rices (McLaren), the world-famous clown, in conjunction with Sam
Sanford and others, in blackface, appeared in New York City at Palmo's Opera
House in the spring of 1843.
He was born in New York City, January 25, 1823 ; he died in Long
Branch, N. J., February 22, 1900.
Joseph D. Murphy (Donnelly) began his minstrel career in the middle
40's as a member of the Sable Harmonists ; he was then a ballad singer.
On the 17th day of July, 1850, Mr. Murphy, Luke West, Matt. Peel and
James Norris formed an organization known as the "Original Campbell
Minstrels ;" subsequently Mr. Norris retiring, the company flourished for
several seasons as Murphy, West and Peel's Minstrels.
About i860 Mr. Murphy retired from minstrelsy and assumed various
executive positions, notably as business manager at the Arch Street The-
atre in Philadelphia, where he remained for fifteen years.
Mr. Murphy was a half brother of Jno. F. Dorfnelly.
Jos. D. Murphy was born in Philadelphia, January 11, 1823; he died there
January i, 1884.
C. L. Huntley, a member of Thayer's Boston Sable Harmonists about
1850, was a fine guitar player, and very proficient in the manipulation of the
bones.
He died in Boston, Mass., April 13, 1883; aged about 60 years.
FROM "DADDV RICE TO DATE. 43
Tom Vaughn was one of the earliest banjoists of minstrelsy. When sixteen
years of age he made his professional debut with Holt and Nichols Circus;
later he joined Turner and Rockwell's, and Welch and Mann's Circuses. Af-
ter this he went to Buffalo, and met E. P. Christy, and when the latter
formed the minstrel company that bore his name, Mr. Vaughn was one of
the four original members. He continued with Mr. Christy until the disso-
lution of the company in July, 1854, and a few months later went with
Christy's Minstrels to California.
Mr. Vaughn returned to New York in 1855, and opened Vaughn's Min-
strels there that same j-ear. Subsequently he was with Wood and Christy's
and George Christy's Minstrels for several years, mostly in the Metropolis.
Tom Vaughn was born in New York, September 5, 1823; he died in
Zanesville, Ohio, September 3, 1875.
J. T. HuNTi-EY was one of the early wench dancers of minstrelsy.
In December, 1857, he, with Lon and Billy Morris and Johnny Pell,
seceded from Ordway's Aeolians in Boston, and organized in that cit}' a
minstrel company bearing their names, which they conducted successfully
for about two years, after which Mr. Huntley organized his own minstrel
company and played an engagement at the Eleventh Street Opera House in
Philadelphia in the Spring of 1859.
August 23. 1839, he married the widow of Matt. Peel, and at once as-
sumed the management of Mrs. Matt. Peel's Campbell's Minstrels, and con-
tinued in that capacity for about four or five years, after which he retired
to private life.
J. T. Huntley was born in New York, June 24, 1824; he died in Mama-
roneck, N. Y., August 4, 1895.
E.\RL HoRTON Pierce was one of the greatest minstrel comedians of his
day. April 8, 1850, he opened his own minstrel company in New York; it
was subsequently Pierce and Fellowe's Minstrels. Later, Mr. Pierce was
with E. P. Christy's Company in New York, and Ordway's Aeolians in Bos-
ton. August 3, 1857, with J. W. Raynor, they opened in London, England,
as "Christy's Minstrels :" this was the first company to play under that title
in England. Subsequently all minstrel companies were called "Christy's."
Mr. Pierce made a tremendous hit singing a topical song called "Hoop de —
Dooden — Do." After his death his chair on the end remained vacant for
three days, during which time it was draped.
Earl H. Pierce was born in New York in 1823 : he died in London, Eng-
land. June 5, 1859.
ToM ]\I.\GUiRE never got the credit due him for placing minstrelsy in Cali-
fornia on the high plane it once enjoyed. Mr. Maguire went to San Fran-
cisco in 1849, ^"d a year later built the Jenny Lind Theatre there.
It was Maguire who brought George Christy and Company to Cali-
fornia in 1858, and it was Maguire a dozen years or so later that paved the
way for the success that later came to Billy Emerson, with whom Maguire
was associated until the late 70's.
And when Emerson made his first trip to Australia about 1873, Ma-
44 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
guire's Minstrels flourished on in San Francisco. Yes, the great coast me-
tropolis owes much to Tom Maguire. Mr. Maguire died in New York,
January 20, 1896; aged ^2 years.
Dr. John P. Ordway was one of the earliest prominent managers engaged
in permanent minstrelsy in one particular city.
He was the founder of the Aeolians, a famous minstrel organization who
gave their first performance in Harmony Hall, Boston, Mass., December 16,
1849, and plaj'ed in that city until September, 1859.
December 12, same year, he appeared with Anderson's Minstrels for a
few nights only ; this was his last professional appearance.
Dr. Ordway was a skilled musician, and the composer of many popular
ballads. While with his company he usually played the piano in the first
part and invariably in white-face.
After retiring from the stage, he practiced medicine for several years,
and in 1868 was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature.
He was the founder of the Massachusetts Anglers (now Fish and Game)
Association.
Dr. John P. Ordway was born in Salem, Mass., in 1824; he died in
Boston, Mass., April 27, 1880.
William H. Smith, the well-known manager, went to California in 1850,
and in 1856 opened the Varieties Theatre in San Francisco. In i860 he or-
ganized the California Minstrels and took them to South America, Aus-
tralia and Europe.
In 1865 he was associated in the management of Cotton and Murphy's
Minstrels, frequently acting as interlocutor.
In 1880 he went to St. Louis, Mo., and at various times was manager
of the Comique, Peoples and Standard Theatres there.
On September 24, 1866, Mr. Smith married Clara Sages in San Fran-
cisco.
William H. Smith was born in Norwich, Conn., August 10, 1824; he
died in St. Louis, Mo., December i, t^ert-. / ^ ?/ ■
"Bije" (Amidon L.) Thayer was one of the pioneers of minstrelsy; his
operations were confined to Boston and contiguous territory chiefly.
Thayer's Minstrels and Thayer and Newcomb's Minstrels existed from
the middle 40's to the early 50's.
To Mr. Thayer belongs the credit of being the first to establish a
permanent mintsrel company in Boston, although the Buckleys had preceded
him in giving entertainments there.
"Bije" Thayer died in Boston, Mass., February 20, 1864; aged 41 years.
Barney Williams (Bernard O'Flaherty), who was one of America's great-
est legitimate Irish comedians, in his very early days was equally prominent
as a burnt-cork performer.
July 8, 1845, at the Elysian Fields in Hoboken, N. J., he was advertised
as "master of the tambourine." September 6, same year, at Castle Garden,
New York, he portrayed the great black-face part of "Dandy Jim, of Caro-
line."
Barney Williams was born in Cork, Ireland, July 20, 1824; he died in
New York City, April 25, 1876.
TOM. VAUGHN
EDWIN P. CHRISTY
GEO. CHRISTY
9^
i itjf
.,/
THE ORIGINAL CHRISTY MINSTRELS (Organized about 1844).
The company at its inception comprised Edwin P. Christy (the founder),
Geo. Christy, Tom Vauglin and Lansing Durand. The other photos here repre-
sent minstrel scenes of that day.
46 HON ARCH S OF MINSTRELSY,
Tom Briggs was one of the earliest and greatest banjo performers in
minstrelsy; when he first went on the stage, in the early 40's, he traveled
under the name of Fluter.
He invented the banjo thimble in 1848, and it came into general use
three years later.
He was the first to do the bell chimes, and gave imitations of a horse-
race on the banjo.
He played successful engagements in the 40's and 50's with Wood's
Minstrels, likewise Buckley's Serenaders. September 20, 1854, he left New
York with E. P. Christy's Minstrels to play an engagement in San Fran-
cisco ; he contracted aij illness on the way, and was unable to play.
.Tom Briggs died in San Francisco October 23, 1854; aged 30 years.
Julia Gould was the first woman to achieve prominence in minstrelsy; she
was with the famous Buckley Serenaders, and played several engagements
with them in the 50's ; she was also with Maguire's San Francisco Minstrels
in San Francisco, July 11, 1864.
She essayed the principal female roles in the great operatic burlesque
that made the Buckleys famous ; always appearing in black-face.
Miss Gould's first husband was A. T. Gregory Hall; she subsequently
married John H. Collins, a prominent minstrel singer.
She was an actress and singer of rare and versatile talents.
Julia Gould was born in London, England, August 28, 1824 ; she died in
Kinamundy, 111., January 29, 1893.
HoR.\CE Weston, a colored man, was one of the world's greatest banjoists;
in addition he was a good general musician and dancer ; a fact that is not
generally known.
He served in the Army, and in July, 1863, was discharged, after which
he joined Buckley's Serenaders in Boston, and later traveled with them.
About 1867 he became a member of the Georgia Minstrels, a famous colored
organization.
In 1878 he went to Europe with an "Uncle Tom's Cabin" Company ; he
played the principal Continental cities, and was a sensation.
Returning to America he joined Haverly's Georgia Minstrels. The bal-
ance of his career was spent mostly in the variety theatres.
Horace Weston was born in Derby, Conn., in 1825 ; he died in New
York, May 23, 1890.
The honor and distinction (and the pleasant sensation) of having re-
ceived the highest salary ever paid to any black-face single performer belongs
to Lew Dockstader.
Tim Woodruff appeared mostly in the West, where he was recognized
as a truly great comedian.
His first appearance was made in Cincinnati, March 15, 1842: in an act
called "Spirit Rappings," later more generally known as the "Haunted
House ;" he achieved great success in this, and was forever identified with it.
He was at various times associated with Woodruff's Minstrels ; Wood-
FROM -DADDV RICE TO DATE. 47
rufif, Brown and Jones' Minstrels, and Woodruff and Foster's Minstrels;
these companies were mostly in existence in the 50's.
About i860 he entered the variety business, and continued with it prac-
tically up to his death.
Tim Woodruff was born in Hamilton, Ohio ; he died in Cincinnati, Ohio,
November 12, 1872.
E. W. Mackney was England's earliest representative of the negro character.
He appeared in sketches with J. A. Cave, fully ten years before the first
minstrel company invaded England in 1843.
He was prompted by the pronounced success achieved by "Daddy" Rice,
of Jim Crow fame.
Mr. Mackney died in England, March 26, 1909; aged 84 years.
William B. Fish was one of the "Sable Harmonists" of the 40's. He died
in Argenta, Ark., July 29, 1875.
John G. Brown was a celebrated tambourinist and comedian in the earliest
days of minstrelsy.
He was with the Buckleys when they played New York, May 9, 1844;
at that time they were known as the Congo Melodists. In the Fall of 1848
he was with Thayer's Minstrels, one of the famous Boston companies.
He died in New Bedford, Mass., October 8, 1858.
Joseph H. Rainer was one of the earliest vocalists and interlocutors. He
was with Wood's Minstrels in New York in 1852, and with Horn and New-
comb's Company in 1863. He first appeared professionally in the late 40's.
He had been a resident of Lockport, N. Y., for many years.
Mr. Rainer was born in Lancaster, England, May 11, 1825; he died in
Philadelphia, Pa., March 11, 1906.
George Winship was one of the pioneers of minstrelsy. As early as 1849
he occupied the bone end with the New York Serenaders, a famous minstrel
company of that day.
He was long associated with J. W. McAndrews, the famous "Water-
melon Man."
About 1873 he was stage manager and performer at the Opera House,
Rondout, N. Y., he had not appeared professionally much since then.
Mr. Winship had long been a resident of Fruitvale, Cal., where he died
October 19, 1900.
Harry Hapgood was, up to the time of his death, the oldest living minstrel
agent.
In his youth he was known as "Handsome Harry."
His professional career began as an actor in Philadelphia in 1843. He
subsequently became a manager and agent for various companies, and in
the latter capacity was with Rumsey and Newcomb's Minstrels about four
years. He then was associated with Mr. Rumsey in the Rumsey Minstrels
in 1863.
48 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Harry Hapgood was born in Elizabethtown, N. Y., February 26, 1825 ;
he died at Amityville, Long Island, N. Y., July 10, 1910.
Master Juba (William. H. Lane) was a colored man, and as a jig dancer
it is said that the world never saw his equal.
He played the tambourine with the Georgia Champions Minstrels in 1843,
and several engagements with Charley White's Minstrels in New York.
He went to Europe about 1848, and in the Spring of the following year
played an engagement with Pell's Serenaders at the Surrey Theatre in London.
He was lionized in Europe, and took the Britishers by storm. He married a white
woman there.
"Master" Juba died in London, England, about 1852; he was born in the
United States about 1825.
Gilbert W. Pell was a brother of Dick Pelham, one of the original
minstrels of 1843.
As a member of the Ethiopian Serenaders, he went to England in 1846.
The success of the company was so great in London that morning performances
had to be given, and in addition they appeared at private residences of the rich.
Mr. Pell, who played the bone end, and the company, whose portraits adorn an-
other page, played an engagement at Palme's Opera House, New York, Septem-
ber 15, 1845.
In 1849 he was in England with his brother's company, known as Pell's
Serenaders. Subsequently he returned to the United States, but early in 1859
he again went to Europe, where he remained until his death.
Gilbert W. Pell was born in New York City; he died in Lancashire, Eng-
land, December 21, 1872, aged 47 years.
Jno. H. Carle, famous for the singing of "The Lively Old Flea," accom-
panied by the banjo, was one of the early prominent proprietors of a minstrel
show. In the 50's he was associated with J. G. H. Shorey and Chas. Duprez; on
July 4, 1856. he withdrew from the partnership, and for many years played min-
strel and variety engagements.
About 1876 he went to fill a two weeks' engagement at Flood's New Park
Theatre, Curtis Bay, Md. He remained there until the time of his death, nearly a
quarter of a century, and he had the distinction at that time of being the oldest
active banjoist and vocalist before the public, retaining his vivacity all the while.
John H. Carle was born at Portland, Me. ; he died at Curtis Bay, Md., Sep-
tember 20, 1900; age 75 years.
"Pl'nch" Collins (W. Pearson Collins), the well-known comedian of the
early minstrel days, first appeared prominently with Sam Sanford's Minstrels
April I, 1S50, at the Astor Place Opera House, New York City, and was at the
opening of the first theatre ever built expressly for minstrelsy, also by Sanford,
August I, 1853; subsequently he was with Earl Pierce's Minstrels in New York
in 1855; on August 3, 1857, he opened in London, England, with Raynor and
Pierce's "Christy" Minstrels. This was the first minstrel organization that ever
played in England under the title of "Christy."
After the death of Earl Pierce Mr. Collins occupied the end chair formerly
occupied by Pierce.
EDWIN BOOTH
JAS. A. HERNE
P. S. CII.MORE
EDWIN FORREST
BARNEY WILLIAMS JOS. JEFFERSON \VM. CASTLE TONY PASTOR
DAN. DALY P. T. BARNUM RICHARD GOLDEN HARRY KERNELL
DAN. RICE
J. W. KELLY NEIL. BURGESS
J. K. EMMETT
FAMOUS ARTISTS OF THE PAST— THEY ALL BLACKED UP.
50 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Mr. Collins later withdrew from this company, and with "Tony" Nish or-
ganized another "Christy" company, opening in London, England, at Her Maj-
esty's Concert Hall Monday, March i8, 1861 ; subsequently he sold his interest
in this company, returned to London, and organized another troupe; they played
at Polygraphic Hall as early as April 14, 1862.
In September, 1863, he sailed for India, playing the principal cities. In
July, 1866, he returned to America, later going to England, where he married ;
subsequently he returned to Pittsburgh, where he remained until his death. He
had not appeared professionally for several years prior to that.
Mr. Collins did an "end", a stump speech and a female impersonation equally
artistic.
W. P. Collins died at Pittsburgh, Pa., November i, 1881 ; age about 55 years.
L. V. H. Crosby has been credited as being the first interlocutor, then called
"middle man" of minsrelsy; this was about 1845, when he organized the Boston
Harmoneons. This company gave a special performance at the White House in
Washington, D. C, June 18, 1846, for President Polk.
Mr. Crosby was composer of several songs, and a basso of unusual ability.
His late years were devoted almost exclusively to concert work.
L. V. H. Crosby died at Reynolds, Ga., March 26, 1884; age about 60 years.
J.\MES Unsworth and Nelse Seymour were born and died within thirty
days of each other.
E. J. Melville (Edward John Robbins), a well-known singer of the early
days of minstrelsy, came to the United States in 1849; shortly afterwards he
sang in the choir of a church in Cleveland, O., where he was known as the best
tenor in that city. His principal engagements were with Hooley's Minstrels,
Hooley and Campbell's Minstrels (being with them at their inception. May 6.
i860), Lloyd's Minstrels, Carncross and Dixey, and Duprez and Benedict. He
also played an engagement at the Canterbury Music Hall, New York City, in Oc-
tober, 1 86 1.
Mr. Melville was married to Miss Amelia Nash, October i, 1848. by whom
he had three daughters, one of whom became the wife of Edwin French, the
banjoist.
Mr. Melville's private life was a most happy one; he was generous, cheerful
and a true friend.
E. J. Melville was born in London, England, February 4, 1825 ; he died in
Buffalo, N. Y., January 18, 1903.
"Jim" Johnson (Gallagher), an old-time banjoist, well known in his day
and popular on the steamer "Banjo", was born in New York about 1825; he died
in New Orleans, La., November 22, 1875.
Dick Sliter was one of the world's greatest jig dancers. His professional
career commenced in the late 30's, and he had been with many of the early fa-
mous organizations, notably Sanford's Minstrels in 1859.
He also, with Johnny Booker, organized Booker and Sliter's Minstrels,
which was quite successful. Dick Sliter died, in Jackson, Mich., May 21, 1861.
FROM -DADDY- RICE TO DATE. 51
Jasper H. Ross was famed as a musical director and composer. His profes-
sional career began in 1847 with Spalding and Rogers' Circus. Subsequently he
played e.xtendcd engagements with the minstrel companies of Carncross,
Bryant's, W.iite's, Rumsey and Newcomb's and the San Franciscos.
He was born in Northampton, Mass., in 1826; he died in New York, Sep-
tember 8, 1889.
Jimmy Wells, once well-known as a manager, was a member of Ordway's
Aeolians in Boston for a lengthy period in the early 50's.
He was born in New York in 1826; he died in Grand Rapids, Mich., March
16, 1893.
Sam Wells was prominent as a bass vocalist and interlocutor. He went
to Europe in the middle 40's with the Ethiopian Serenaders, and they created a
sensation.
He was with several prominent minstrel companies located in New York up
to 1855, when he sailed for California, where he was located with George Christy's
and other minstrel companies until December, 1863, when he went to New York,
and after playing one week with Bryant's Minstrels, returned to California.
I\Ir. Wells' death was caused by being thrown from a horse in California,
August 27, 1864; he was 38 years of age.
Charley Howard has been given credit of being the first to represent the
aged darkey on the stage. At the age of ten years he traveled with Joe Sweeney's
company, giving concerts in the Southern States, appearing in barns and
churches, and traveling by coaches.
Mr. Howard was with many prominent minstrel organizations, and when
Haverly separated from Cal. Wagner in 1873, Howard was one of the first en-
gaged for the Haverly Minstrels.
Chai-lev Howard was born in \'irginia, June 5, 1826; he died in Brooklyn,
N. Y., April 28, 1895.
Stephen Collins Foster, whose simple and homI^ly ballads contributed as
much as any other cause to the placing of early minstrel.sy on a permanent and
successful basis, was the author, among others, of "Willie, We Have Missed
You", "Old Uncle Ned", "My Old Kentucky Home", "Old Dog Tray", "Massa's
in de Cold, Cold Ground", "Ellen Bayne" and "Old Black Joe."
He was born in Allegheny, Pa., July 4, 1826; he died in New York City, Jan-
uary 13, 1864.
James Powers was one of the real early minstrels, and a member of the
Boston Harmoneons, which were especially well known in Massachusetts. With
his brother John, he was with the above organization several seasons, com-
mencing in the early 40's.
Mr. Powers was the author of "She Sleeps in the Grave" and "Faded
Flowers", favofite ballads of days now forgotten.
James Powers died in Boston, Mass., January 5, 1890; age 64 years.
Dan Leon, a real old-time black-face comedian and general performer,
died in New York City, April 27, 1863 ; he was born March i, 1826.
52
UONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
W. Jackson Rudolph, one of the pioneers of minstrelsy, made his first
appearance in his native city early in 1846 in black-face as a banjoist; the follow-
ing year he was one of the Sable Harmonists; in 1849 he was with the Virginia
Minstrels, and up until 1855, when he joined Sanford's Minstrels in Philadelphia,
he was almost continuously associated with one or the other of the many
minstrel bands that were then in evidence.
He later went on the legitimate stage, but subsequently, in 1864, joined
Carncross and Dixey's jMinstrels in Philadelphia.
About 1870 he played his last minstrel engagement with Simmons and Slocum,
also in the Quaker City. November 3, 1880, he made his last appearance on the
stage of Wood's Museum in Philadelphia.
W. Jackson Rudolph was born in Philadelphia, 1826; he died there Septem-
ber 5, 1881.
John A. Dingess. After the dissolution of the Duprez and Green's Minstrels
as an organization in 1865, Mr. Dingess formed a partnership with Jno. E. Green
and organized Dingess and Green's Minstrels, opening at Chattanooga, Tenn.,
November 18, 1866; their existence was short lived. He was subsequently, and
for many years, engaged in an executive capacity in the circus business.
John A. Dingess was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1826; he died in New-
York City, April 14, 1901.
Luke West (William Sheppard) was the first performer to do a whistling
solo in minstrelsy, which he did as early as 1845 at Otto Cottage, Hoboken, N. J.
In the Fall of 1848 he was one of the organizers of the Campbell's Minstrels ;
November 29, 1849, he joined the E. P. Christy's Minstrels in New York, resum-
his own name of Sheppard. On August 15, 1850, in conjunction with Matt.
Peel, Joseph D. Murphy and James Norris, "Campbell's Minstrels" gave their
first performance. Subsequently the organization was known as Murphy, West
and Peel's Minstrels, and as such continued until his death. In addition to his
whistling ability, Mr. West was an accomplished comedian, dancer and banjoist.
Luke West was born in Philadelphia, 1826; he died in Boston, Mass., May
26, 1854.
Charles G. Long, who was for nearly forty years associated in the manage-
ment of the Academy of Music, in Selma, Ala., with George T. Rees, the present
incumbent, was one of the pioneers of minstrelsy.
About 1844 or 1845 he became a member of the Virginia Serenaders, a full
page photograph of which is shown elsewhere. The company traveled by wagon
through Pennsylvania and New York chiefly.
It has been stated that Mr. Long joined this company when he was ten years
of age ; this is clearly erroneous, as the little band was not organized until 1843,
probably in the late Spring or early Summer.
Mr. Long played a banjo, one of his own making.
Charles G. Long was born in Carlisle, England, December 20, 1827; he died
in Selma, Ala., January 28, 1908.
Fred Burgess was for many years co-proprietor with "Pony" More at St.
James Hall, London, England, of Moore and Burgess' Minstrels.
Jilr. Burgess was a shrewd business man, and possessed intellect out of the
CLARENCE BURTON
HY. RUMSEY
BILLY HUNTLEY
EDWIN FREN'CH
OSCAR WILLIS
BRIGHT LIGHTS OF THE BANJO.
EDMOND G. CORBIN
54 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
ordinary. At one time he was a member- of Kunkel's Nigiitingales, an early
minstrel company in the United States,
In the fall of 1864, at Glasgow, Scotland, he was engaged as agent for
Moore, Crocker, Hamilton and Ritter's Minstrels ; about a year later he secured
St. James Hall, in the British metropolis, and a few years later, "Pony" Moore
having bought out Hamilton and Ritter, and the death of Crocker paved the
way for a partnership ; the organization subsequently and for many years was
known as Moore and Burgess' Minstrels.
Mr. Burgess was twice married ; his second wife was Miss Ellen Meyrick.
Fred Burgess was born in Providence, R. I. ; he died at Finchley, England,
July 26, 1893 ; age 66 years.
Cn.vRLES Callender, proprietor and manager of the famous colored organ-
ization that bore his name, played many seasons on the road, commencing about
1872 ; several years later Haverly purchased his interests ; the company subse-
quently became the property of Charles and Gustave Frohman.
Mr. Callender had retired from active theatricals some years before his death.
Charles Callender died at Chicago, 111., February 24, 1897; age 70 years.
Frank Moran came to the United States at the age of four years; it was
not until later that he did a stump speech.
His first appearance professionally was about 1848, as a comic singer in
Philadelphia with Raymond and Waring's Circus. He was with several small
minstrel shows before going to California in 1850, and subsequently to Australia.
Some time after his return from the Antipodes, he joined Sanford's Minstrels
in Philadelphia, and later was with Carncross and Dixey at different periods,
aggregating a number of years.
September 5, 1864, he opened Moran's Minstrels on Chestnut Street, Phila-
delphia. Later he was with Bryant's, and Kelly and Leon's Minstrels in New
York; Hooley's in Brooklyn, and Moore and Burgess' in London.
As Moran and Dixey's Minstrels, the famous Eleventh Street Opera House
in Philadelphia opened October 2, 1871 ; in September, the following year, the
company was known as Moran's Minstrels.
Subsequently Moran and Billy Alanning's Minstrels made a brief tour. Of
later years Mr. Moran was asociated with Ned Thomas in a minstrel company,
and on July 17, 1890, he began an engagement with Wm. Henry Rice's World's
Fair Minstrels.
Frank Moran was a natural born comedian, and at times was rather caustic
in his wit ; but underneath a seeming rough exterior was a heart that was never
loiown to fail a fellow performer in distress.
As a stump orator he was different from all others, and he did this act
almost up to the time of his death.
Mr. Moran was twice married ; his first wife died a few years prior to his
marriage to Miss Jessie Millar, February i, 1898.
Frank Moran was born in Ireland, September 15, 1827; he died in Phila-
delphia, December 14, 1898,
"Nick" Bowers (Edward Bowers), one of the ablest and most efficient mid-
dle men and stage directors of minstrelsy, made his first appearance at Charley
White's in New York, in the early so's; subsequent engagements wei^e with
FROM "DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 55
Ordway's Aeolians, Morris Bros., Pell and Trowbridge and Wood and Christy's
Minstrels.
In 1858, in conjunction with Billy Birch and Charley Fox, they presented
Birch, Bowers and Fox's Minstrels, and in 1864, with Tom Frendergast, launched
a company that had a brief existence. For some time he played star engage-
ments with John Mulligan.
His last appearance was in New York City, February 11, 1865.
Nick Bowers died in Brooklyn, N. Y., February 27, 1865 ; age 38 years.
Paul Berger was one of the greatest bass singers in minstrelsy, and at the
requests of Presidents Tyler and Van Buren, he sang before those chief
executives.
He was with Matt. Peel's Minstrels in 1858; with Sanford's Minstrels in
Philadelphia, and later with Carncross and Dixey's Co. in the same city. Mr.
Berger was business manager for Fox's Theatre in Philadelphia, in 1876.
Paul Berger died in Philadelphia, October 8, 1894; age 67 years.
John Mulligan was an altitudinous comedian, and in the old nigger acts
with performers of immature stature, in the ludicrous make-up he invariably
affected, he was screamingly funny. His first professional appearance was with
Raymond and Waring's Circus ; his first minstrel engagement was with the
Perham Company more than fifty years ago. Mr. Mulligan appeared for sev-
eral seasons in the various variety houses controlled by George Lea.
In June, 1866, he commenced an engagement at Hooley's Minstrels in
Brooklyn, remaining fifteen months; subsequently he was with the San Fran-
ciscos in New York.
January 2, 1871, when Hooley invaded Chicago, Mr. Mulligan was with his
company.
Mr. Mulligan was most happily married, and his domestic life was an
ideal one.
John Mulligan was born in New York City, 1827, where he died July 28, 18/3.
Charles Christie, who had various companies bearing his name, notably
one in England about 1866, died in Kansas City, Mo., February 12, 1897; age
69 years.
Fred Wilson. The distinction of being the oldest living minstrel undoubt-
edly belongs to the subject of this sketch, who made his first appearance about
1843, and for four or five years allied himself with many of the various minstrel
companies that sprang up after the success of the parent organization.
In 1848 he joined "Bije" Thayer's Minstrels, a prominent Boston Company.
While Mr. Wilson was not the first to do clog dancing in this country, he
was undoubtedly the first to do so in a minstrel company.
In the Fall of 1858 he joined Bryant's Minstrels in New York, and about
December i, that year, made his first appearance in Boston with the Morris
Bros., Pell and Trowbridge's Minstrels, where he made a lengthy stay.
•April 29, 1861. he opened with Lloyd's Minstrels in New York, closing May
25, following. Later he went to China in a government capacity, but not liking
the cooking in the Celestial Empire, returned to the United States, arriving
January 25, 1864.
56 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
(Charley) Morris and Wilson's Minstrels opened at their permanent home
in St. Louis, April lO, 1865; the partnership was dissolved in February, 1867.
Fred Wilson's Minstrels toured for two or three years, and then Mr. Wilson
made another foreign trip; but returned in the Summer of 1871.
In 1872 he was with Cal. Wagner's Minstrels, and in 1875 made another
foreign invasion, remaining abroad five years, returning in 1880 and joining
Haverly's Minstrels. Subsequently Mr. Wilson, 'whose specialty for many years
had been clog dancing, except in 1852 when he was a clown in a circus, took up
executive duties with many minstrel and other organizations. He also promoted
several attractions of his own.
Fred Wilson was born in Boston, Mass., November 9, 1827.
Sam Hague, the famous English minstrel manager, began his career as a
clog dancer.
He visited the United States in 1850 with his brothers Thomas and William;
later he was a partner of Dick Sands, also Tim Hayes.
He toured the United States for several seasons with Hague's Concert Com-
pany, and in 1865, with Cal. Wagner, formed Wagner and Hague's Minstrels.
He also organized Hague's Georgia Minstrels, a company of negro perform-
ers, and gave the first performance at Macon, Ga.
Later they sailed for England, and opened at Liverpool, July 9, 1866, and
scored a failure. Subsequently Mr. Hague engaged white performers for the
principal parts, and retaining some of the colored men, gave a performance that
achieved success.
He organized a permanent minstrel company in Liverpool, and opened there
inr St. James Hall, October 31, 1870, and remained eighteen years, after which
they made brief tours, up to the time of Mr. Hague's death.
He visited the United States with Hague's British Operatic ^linstrels, opening
in Philadelphia, September 12, 1881.
Sam Hague was born in Sheffield, England, in 1828 ; he died in Liverpool,
England, January 7, 190 1.
George L. Hall has the distinction of being the oldest living minstrel bal-
ladist. His first appearance was at Georgetown, D. C, October 14, 1848, with
the Beck Family.
Mr. Hall has long since retired from active theatricals, but during his long
career as a vocalist he was associated with some of the most famous organiza^
tions in minstrelsy.
Among the most prominent ones that may be mentioned are: Sanderson's,
in Baltimore; Sanford's, in Philadelphia; George Christy's, and Bryant's, in New
York : Skifif and Gaylord's, Johnny Booker's, Sam Price's and Boyce and
Mudge's.
Wm. D. Hall, the well-known minstrel and author, in Philadelphia, is a son
of Mr. Hall.
Geo. L. Hall was born in Baltimore, Md., May 5, 1828.
Charley Fox was one of the most popular comedians and banjoists of his
tlay.
His first appearance was in 1848. About 1854 he came to New York, and
BILLY WELCH JOHNNY RICE
(WELCH & RICE.)
EDDIE GIRARD WILLIE GIRARD
(GIRARD BROS.)
J. MELVILLE JANSEN GUS. BRUNO
(KNOWN AS JOHNSON & BRUNO.)
58 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
for many years was identified with the best permanent organizations. He was
of the original company of Bryant's Minstrels. New York, February 23, 1857.
He was with Lloyd's Minstrels in 1861, and several seasons with Wood's
Minstrels; all in the metropolis. His last appearance was December 22, 1864.
Charley Fox was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., November 15, 1828; he died in
New York City December 26, 1864.
George H. Coes was a splendid "straight man", possessed a fine voice, and
was an excellent banjoist.
He went to California about 1852 from the east, and identified himself
with several minstrel companies there. He remained a few years, and then re-
turned to New York, where he opened with Wood and Christy's Minstrels, Oc-
tober 15, 1857. In the Spring of the following year he again went to California,
where he appeared with George Christy's Minstrels. In 1859, with Sam Wells,
he organized Coes and Wells' Minstrels in California.
A few years later he again came East, subsequently joining the Morris
Brothers' Minstrels in Boston. He left them February 13, 1866, and on the fol-
lowing March 5, he was at the opening of Seaver's Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y.,
in the theatre that is now known as the Novelty. A year later, with S. S. Purdy
and Frank Converse, Purdy, Coes and Converse's Minstrels were organized.
Mr. Coes played stock engagements at Pastor's, Bob Butler's and John
Hart's theatres in New York City for many years. He formed a partnership
with Luke Schoolcraft in 1874, which terminated in 1889.
George H. Coes was born in Providence, R. I., about 1828; he died in Cam-
bridge, Mass., March 16, 1897.
Arthur Moreland, Bobby Newcomb and Luke Schoolcraft were born on
three successive days, respectively, in 1847.
Jerry Brv.\nt (O'Brien) was the oldest of the famous Bryant Brothers; he
was an excellent comedian, and was especially good on the "bone end" of the
minstrel first part.
He made his initial appearance as a ballad singer in 1842. Billy Whitlock,
the "father of minstrelsy," first brought him before the public.
In 1844 he became a member of the Ethiopian Serenaders, subsequently ap-
pearing with the Operatic Brothers and Sisters. In June, 1847, he formed one
of the original Campbell's Minstrels, organized in New York City.
The following year he played in London, England, with Major Dumbleton's
Ethiopian Serenaders. In 1849 he returned to America and made a tour of the
country, and on April 8, 1850, he opened with Earl Pierce's Minstrels at No. 442
Broadway, New York City ; subsequently he went to Boston, where he met with
much success with Ordway's Aeolians.
When George Christy seceded from the E. P. Christy Minstrels, in New
York, October 1854, Jerry Bryant took his (Christy's) place, and remained with
the company until it disbanded, on July 15, 1854; in September, the same year,
he went with E. P. Christy's Minstrels to California, and continued until the final
dissolution of that company took place, a short time after their arrival. In San
Francisco he next managed the San Francisco Minstrels, in conjunction with
Eph. Horn and Sher. Campbell. In 1855 they went to Australia, subse-
quently returning to the United States, and on Monday, February 23, 1857, in
FROM "DADDV RICE TO DATE. 59
conjunction with his brothers, Dan and Neil, and about ten others, the first per-
formance of Bryant's Minstrels was given in New York City, at Mechanics' Hall,
No. 472 Broadway.
Mr. Bryant was married in the Spring of 1859: his widow subsequently be-
' came the wife of Thomas Donaldson, proprietor of the London Theatre, New
York.
Of Jerry Bryant it may be truthfully said that he was one of the most ca-
pable and popular performers that ever blacked up.
His last ap]iearance was with his own company, April 2, 1861.
Jerry Bryant was born in Chesterfield, X. V., June 11, 1828; he died in New
York City April 8, 1861.
Mickey W.\rren was one of the most famous of the early jig dancers. He
appeared with Charley W'liite's Minstrels in New York City in 1849, and was for
a long time with Bryant's Minstrels in the same city.
He died in New York City May 14, 1875 ; age 47 years.
Hy. Rumsey was one of the greatest banjoists of his day. In the middle
50's he joined Campbell's Minstrels, and continued with them until 1857, when,
with W. W. Newcomb, he organized a company bearing their names, which
traveled in the United States and Europe until 1862.
Mr. Rumsey subsequently organized Rumsey's Minstrels, and traveled with
it for several seasons.
He was one of the earliest performers to give imitations of the bell chimes on
the banjo, and unlike most of his contemporaries, Mr. Rumsey invariably played
while in a standing position.
Hy. Rumsey was born July 12, 1828; he died in Newburgh, N. Y., Sep-
tember 9, 1 87 1.
Thomas L. Moxley was known as "Master Floyd" in his earlier career,
which began with Kunkel's Nightingales in the 50's ; he remained with them sev-
eral seasons, chiefly as a female impersonator. He was the last survivor of that
famous company.
He was born in Baltimore, ]\Id., and died there July 7, 1890; age 62 years.
J.\MES C.\RROLL was a capable and efficient "middle man" and vocalist of
, Bryant's Minstrels in New York City at the time of his death there, April 11,
1861 ; age 32 years.
G. W. H. Griffin was one of the prominent men of minstrelsy; he excelled
as an interlocutor, had a fine voice, vi'as an actor of merit and was intellectual to
a degree.
His first appearance was in 1850 with the Boston Harmonists in Palmyra,
N. Y. In 1853 he joined Wood's Minstrels in New York, and continued with
them when the organization, a few months later, was known as Wood and
Christy's Minstrels. With the latter company he remained until May, 1854, when
he went to California with George Christy's Minstrels. A year later he returned
East, and on February 6, i860, in conjunction with Sher. Campbell and R. M.
Hooley, he organized Hooley and Campbell's Minstrels. This company continued
until July 13, 1861.
6o MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
October 28, following, Mr. Griffin and Air. Hooley organized the famous
Hooley Minstrels, giving the first performance in New York on that date.
Mr. Griffin severed connection with this company in August, 1862.
Season of 1862-63 he was with Bryant's Minstrels in New York, and the
following one with Hooley in Brooklyn, N. Y., and continued with him until 1866.
Early in 1867 Mr. Griffin and George Christy's Minstrels were established
in New York, where their final appearance was made September 23, same year.
Later Mr. Griffin was identified with the following well-known minstrel or-
ganizations : Kelly and Leon's ; Hooley, in Chicago, and Unsworth's.
His last minstrel appearance was in Brooklyn, N. Y., January 8, 1875, with
a venture of his own.
Subsequently he appeared in the variety theatres. His last engagement was
with Harrigan and Hart Company, in Boston, Mass., June 7, 1879.
G. W. H. Griffin was born in Gloucester, Mass., March 21, 1829; he died in
Brooklyn, N. Y., July 11, 1879.
Joseph Jefferson. — This famous American comedian, whose long associa-
tion in the character of Rip Van Winkle endeared him to the hearts of thousands,
at the age of four years, in Washington, D. C, was brought on the stage by the
immortal "Daddy" Rice, and danced Jim Crow before an admiring audience.
Joseph Jefferson was born in Philadelphia, February 20, 1829; he died at Palm
Beach, Fla., May 23, 1905.
Billy Coleman, a good general black-face performer and banjoist. a fa-
vorite of Charley White's Melodeon in New York City in the 50's, at one time
associated with George W. Charles, the wench dancer, died in New York City
June 4, 1867; age 38 years. He had retired from the profession about five years
prior to this.
Sher. Campbell (Sherwood Coan) was conceded to be the greatest bari-
tone singer that minstrelsy ever knew, although in his earlier days he had a fine
alto voice. His first appearance was with Campbell's Minstrels in 1849, in New
York City, where he remained several years, subsecjuently joining Murphy, West
and Peel's Minstrels, with whom he continued a few seasons; later he was with
E. P. Christy's Minstrels in New York, and went to California with them in 1854,
afterwards joining Backus' Minstrels there, going to Australia with that com-
pany.
Returning to San 'Francisco in 1856, he remained there with different com-
panies until 1858, when he joined George Christy's Minstrels, returning to New
"Vork in May, 1859. The following year, with G. W. H. Griffin and R. M.
Hooley, they organized Hooley and Campbell's Minstrels.
August 5, 1861, he opened with Bryant's Minstrels in New York; he re-
mained two years ; this was his last minstrel engagement. Later the Castle-
Campbell Opera Company was organized, and Mr. Campbell's success in that
form of entertainment was in every respect equal to his minstrel triumphs.
Sher. Campbell was born in New Haven, Conn., May 16, 1829; he died in
Chicago, November 26, 1874.
George W. Bailey, one of the early minstrel performers, who was with
Sharpley's and other first-class organizations, and who was a clever "straight"
man and interlocutor, died at Milford, Mass., July 2, 1891 ; age 62 years.
THE iiTH ST. OPERA HOUSE, PHILADELPHIA.
Now and for nearly sixty years a home of permanent minstrelsy.
MECHANICS HALL; 1S57.
472 Broadway, New York City; for many years the home of Bryant's Minstrels.
Only a memory now.
TWO FAMOUS MINSTREL EDIFICES ; PAST AND PRESENT.
62 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
P. S. GiLMORE, who organized and led for many years the famous band
bearing his name, was a member of Ordway's Aeolians in Boston, 1851, where
he sat on the end and played the tambourine. June 24, 1851, he began an engage-
ment in Hartford, Con., with the above company.
P. S. Gilmore was born near Dublin, Ireland, December 25, 1829; he died at
St. Louis, Mo., September 24, 1892.
"Dad" Sarrissey (William H. Blackledge), an old-time banjoist and co-
median, played several engagements at Charley White's in New York, also Bry-
ant's Minstrels in the same city. His last appearance was about 1869.
He was born in New York City in 1829; he died there December 15, 1885.
Ben Mallory was especially well known as a dancer. He was with E.
P. Christy's Minstrels in New York, and in the same city was one of the original
members of Bryant's Minstrels in 1857.
He was bom in New York in 1829; he died in Savannah, Ga., November 2,
18=9.
Ben Cotton. One of the truly great names in minstrelsy was Ben Cotton —
not so great in 1845, when running away from home, yet early in his teens, he
joined the Amburgh Circus, as in 1906 he made his final appearance at Tony
Pastor's, New York City, doing, not the aged darky act, by which character he
was most familiarly known, but the dandy of the present; the beard he had been
wont to wear for many years was shorn for this occasion. It was no longer "old
Ben Cotton," but "young Ben Cotton" that the audience received and applauded.
Only the initiated could have known that the "darkey" before them was 76 years
of age, and it is the writer's proud boast that he was at Pastor's to give Ben Cot-
ton a "hand" on his entrance, and remaining until the evening performance,
again led with the veteran's reception ; and Ben Cotton "made good."
When Julian's Serenaders opened the famous Eleventh Street Opera House
(then known as Cartee's Lyceum), in Philadelphia, December 4, 1854, he was a
member of the company. His' next prominent engagement was with Matt Peel's
Minstrels. Here he made a big success as "Old Bob Ridley", a character por-
traying the aged negro, which he did with remarkable fidelity. Afterwards he
was on the steamer "Banjo", which plied the Mississippi River, giving entertain-
ments on board, stopping at the various towns on its course. This engagement
gave him an opportunity to study the negro at close range, which he was quick to
take advantage of, and it served him in good stead during his entire career.
Returning to New York, Birch and Cotton's Minstrels played a successful
engagement at No. 444 Broadway; and in 1862 they went to San Francisco, this
being Cotton's first appearance there. He remained under Tom Maguire's man-
agement for three years.
With Joe Murphy, Cotton and Murphy's Minstrels were organized about
March i, 1865 ; the organization continued two years, when. Murphy retiring, it
became Cotton's Minstrels.
In 1870 he joined Manning's Minstrels in Chicago, playing an extended en-
gagement there. Later Arlington, Cotton and Kemble's Minstrels were launched
in the same city, and met with such success that a theatre was built especially for
them. Accordingly, Myers Opera House, Chicago, was opened with this com-
pany September 23, 1S72.
FROM ■•DADDV RICE TO DATE. 63
Early in 1875 he was with Billy Emerson's Minstrels at Hooley's Theatre,
Chicago, and that same year, with Dave Reed, opened the Twenty-third Street
Opera House, New York, which had lately been vacated, owing to the death of
Dan Bryant. The company was known as Cotton and Reed's Minstrels.
A short season of management at Wood's Museum, Chicago, not proving
successful, with his wife and daughter he produced and played for many years
"Faithful Bob"; later this play was known as "True Devotion".
In 1878 he returned to minstrelsy for a few months, forming an alliance with
Cal Wagner, known as Cotton and Wagner's Minstrels.
In 1886 Birch and Cotton's Minstrels again took the road; following this, he
played a few seasons in California with a repertoire company.
Engagements of late years were character parts in "The War of Wealth",
"The New South" and "As Ye Sow".
Ben Cotton was thrice married.
Ben Cotton, Jr., who is dead, and Idalene Cotton, who is the wife of Nick
Long, are his- children.
Ben Cotton was born in Pawtucket, R. I., July 27, 1829; he died in New
York City, February 14, 1908.
Anthony Nish was well known for many years as a minstrel "leader."
His first theatrical appearance was in the 50's, with Parham's Minstrels.
July II, 1857, he sailed for England with Raynor and Pierce's "Christy" Min-
strels, opening in London, August 3, following.
He continued with this company for a lengthy period, later organizing a
troupe of his own. He finally returned to London, and was with Moore and
Burgess' Minstrels for many years.
He was born in New Castle, England ; he died in London, England, October
3, 1874; age 39 years.
J. B. Murphy was a well-known composer, vocalist and manager. He had
been with Beler's Campbell Minstrels in 1861, and with Lloyd and Bidaux's,
where he commenced an engagement January 21, 1867.
He died in Jersey City, N. J., July 13, 1871.
George W. Herman (Simonson), well and favorably known as a black-face
comedian and banjoist, and a brother of J. A. Herman, died in Brooklyn, N. Y.,
about August, 1882.
Joseph Mortimer (Mocherman) began his professional career in the va-
riety theatres as a black-face banjo player ; later he was with Gardner and Fore-
paugh's Circus.
His first managerial experience was with the Canterbury in Philadelphia in
1864.
Subsequently he assumed control of what is now known as the National and
Casino Theatres in the same city, the former on February 6, 1871 ; the latter
August 23, 1873.
He retired from the management of the Grand Central Theatre, June 24,
1876, and took the management of Matt Morgan's Variety Company. This was
his last theatrical enterprise.
Mr. Mortimer was twice married— first to Effie Walters, who was later
64 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
known as Florence Stover, and later to Ida Morris ; both were professional ladies.
Wm. A. Mortimer, the well-known actor of Corse Pay ton's Stock Com-
pany, is his son.
Joseph Mortimer was born in Harrisburg, Pa. ; he died there January 6,
1880.
THE MORRIS BROTHERS.
The careers of Lon and Billy Morris were practically contemporaneous.
Their first professional appearance was made at Charlotte, N. Y., in 1845,
at a very early age.
About 1852 they joined Ordway's Aeolians in Boston, where they remained
five years, and met with such success that, in conjunction with Johnny Pell and
J. T. Huntley, they organized a company bearing their names, and opened at the
Howard Athenaeum in Boston, December 25, 1857.
Early in 1859 Mr. Huntley withdrew from the organization, and Jos. Trow-
bridge was taken as a partner.
Subsequently, through the death of Pell and the retirement of Trowbridge,
the company was known as the Morris Minstrels, and as such they opened in St.
Louis Mo., November 6, 1867.
About two years later the organization disbanded, and Lon and Billy Morris
took up other pursuits.
Both were comedians of ability; Lon was the tamibourinist and Billy the
bones of the troupe.
Charley Morris, who was at various times agent, performer and manager,
began his theatrical career simultaneously with his brothers in 1845, and was
associated with them practically until July 27, 1861, when, in conjunction with
W. H. Brockway and John E. Taylor, he organized a company, opening at
Gloucester, Mass.
In 1863 Mr. Morris was associated in the management of the Morris Min-
strels with Add Weaver; April 10, 1865, with Fred Wilson, he opened in St.
Louis, Mo., a permanent minstrel company that was successfully run until the
dissolution of the partnership, February, 1867.
Mr. Morris subsequently conducted his own minstrel companies until about
1878, and about a year or so later retired from active management.
Mr. Morris excelled as a ban joist.
Lon Morris was born in Fort Erie, N. Y., May 15, 1830; he died in New
York, May 6, 1882.
Billy Morris was born in Rochester, N. Y., April 11, 1831 ; he died in Bos-
ton, Alass., October 11, 1878. ■
Charles A. Morris was born in Rochester, N. Y., March 2y, 1834 ; he is now
a guest of the Actors Home in Staten Island, N. Y.
Sam Sharpley, Nelse Seymour, James Unsworth, James Budworth
and Dan Bryant — all died within a hundred days in 1875.
"Pop" Reece (Lewis M. Reece) was an old-time performer. As early as
June 18, 1856, he was a member of Dave Reed's Minstrels on the steamer "James
Raymond."
He died in Brooklyn, N. Y., December 18, 1890; age about 60 years.
1^ -SSk
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MATT. PEEL
W. W. NEWCOMB
FAYETTE WELCH
JOHNNY BOOKER
NELSE. SEYMOUR
JOHN A. MACK
■TONY" MOORE
NEIL. BRYANT
THE OLD GUARD.
66 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Dave Braham, whose catchy melodies did so much to make Harrigan and
Hart's series of plays so successful, was long in the minstrel business, and as
early as May 13, 1862, played at the Academy of Music, New York.
He was born in England, and died in New York City, April 11, 1905; age
65 years. "
"Young Dan Emmett" (Harry Huntington), a comedian who was with
several minstrel companies, died in Elmira, N. Y., July 15, 1861.
Denny Gallagher, one of the best known of black-face performers about
fifty Tears- ago, entered the profession about 1848, doing Irish songs and dances
in white face.
In conjunction with Andy Leavitt and John Mulligan, they formed a trio
which for genuine black-face comedy has never been excelled. They played
three years at the Melodeon in New York.
Denny Gallagher was born in New York in 1830; he died in Philadelphia,
November 23, 1868.
Mike Mitchell was one of minstrelsy's greatest dancers.
He had his own minstrel company on the road in the 50's, and had been as-
sociated with many first-class organizations.
He died in Victoria, B. C, January 13, 1862; age 32 years.
Charles Koppitz, a famous muicsian, who achieved prominence in other
lines, was with George Christy's Minstrels in California in 1858 in the capacity
of musical director.
He was born in Holstein, Germany; he died in St. Johns, N. B., June 22,
1873; age 43 years.
Dave Carson was another performer and manager who was best known
abroad. He sailed for Australia in 1853, and for many years played in every sec-
tion of that country.
He returned to New York about 1869, and after appearing here for a while
he again went abroad.
He was born in New York about 1830; he was living as late as 1875.
Dan Holt, a well-known black-face performer in the South many years
ago, died in New Orleans, La., October 10, 1867.
Tom Prendergast was a prominent tenor vocalist.
He was one of the original members of Bryant's Minstrels in New York,
opening February 23, 1857. In 1864 he was with Hooley in Brooklyn, and had
been associated in minstrel ventures with Cool. Burgess, Archie Hughes and D.
C. La Rue.
He retired about a year previous to his death, which occurred in Utica, N.
Y., March 6, 1869; age 39 years.
Albert Jones (Silcox) was a good comedian and general performer; in
Boston and Chicago, he was especially well known, having been connected with
prominent companies in those cities.
He died in Boston, Mass., November 25, 1866; age 36 years.
FROM "DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 67
William N. Smith at the time of his death was considered one of the
greatest bone players in minstrelsy.
He had played many engagements with various companies. He was the
first to give imitations of the snare drums with the bones.
Owing to an accident, he was compelled to retire from the profession, which
he did April 18, 1867. He died in New York, February 4, 1869.
Mike O'Brien, an old-time banjoist and ballad singer, who had been with
Sanford's and other minstrel companies, died at Algiers, La., April 28, 1869.
Edwin Holmes, a popular minstrel tenor, who was with Duprez and
Green's and later Duprez and Benedict's Minstrels for about six years, com-
mencing in 1862, died in Boston, Mass., July 11, 1879.
Ned Greenland was one of the best beloved characters in theatredom.
Though many years dead, his praises are yet sung to-day. He was treasurer and
business agent for Hooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y., for several seasons.
He died in Brooklyn, N. Y., August 4, 1883.
Mike Kanane, a famous dancer in the good old minstrel days, died in San
Francisco, Gal, December 7, 1886.
Stephen B. Ball was a famous vocalist of Ordway's Aeolians in Boston
as early as 1851 ; he retired about 1856, and became director of the choir of the
Old School Street Church in that city. He was a fine singer and vocal teacher.
He died in Boston, Mass., September 27, 1881.
Harry Lehr. Of this famous minstrel's talents and abilities there was no
divergence of opinion ; manager, critic and performers were unanimous in their
verdict that he never had a superior as a comedian. One manager, John L. Carn-
cross, went further and declared that he never had an equal.
His first professional appearance was with a small minstrel .company in
Camden, N. J., February 22, 1846.
At the age of 16 he organized a troupe of his own.
In 1852 he was with Kunkel's Nightingales, and subsequently with Rumsey
and Newcomb's Minstrels, with whom he remained until the Spring of 1861.
Subsequently he became a member of Hooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y., and
in 1864 joined Carncross and Dixey's Mistrels in Philadelphia and remained
there for seven seasons.
In 1871-72 he was with Simmons and Slocum's Minstrels, also in Philadel-
phia. In 1872 he re-joined Carncross and Dixey, and continued with them until
November, 1875, when he made his final stage appearance.
Mr. Lehr was thoroughly legitimate in each character he portrayed ; he was
the "darky" in life as well as color.
Harry Lehr was born in Philadelphia, October 7, 1830; he died there Sep-
tember 10, 1 88 1.
Dave Reed. The career of this famous old-timer practically began with
minstrelsy itself.
He it was, with Dan Bryant, who did so much to popularize "Shoo F!j["
68 MONARCHS OP MINSTRELSY,
more than fort}' years ago ; and "Sally Come Up" will always be identified with
his memory.
But as a bone player, Dave Reed is probably best remembered ; his imitations
of drums, horses running and the like were wonderful ; the art practically died
with him. Mr. Reed's career began about 1844 with a small traveling company.
He played in and around New York for several seasons and later went West.
June 18, 1856, Dave Reed's Minstrels were the feature performance on
board the steamer "James Raymond", plying the Mississippi.
Mr. Reed was with Hooley's Minstrels in New York in 1861 ; subsequently
with the latter in Brooklyn. He joined Bryant's Minstrels in New York in 1863;
he was there when Dan Bryant died, April 10, 1875. In between, about 1868, he
was with Kelly and Leon, also in New York.
About twenty-five years ago Dave Reed, his wife and four clever children
made their appearance in vaudeville as the Reed Family ; later they ^vere known
as the Reed Birds. He retired in 1903.
Dave Reed, Jr., the popular song composer, is his son.
Dave Reed was born in New York, November 18, 1830; he died there De-
cember 5, 1906.
Billy Birch was a name to conjure with for many years, especially in the
Metropolis. He made his first appearance in New Hartford, N. Y., in 1844
with a minstrel show, as an amateur.
His initial professional appearance was with the Raymond Minstrels at
Stamford, Conn., in 1846.
Subsequently he was identified with many prominent organizations until
1850, when he appeared first in New York with Fellowe's Minstrels.
When Wood and Christy were running two houses on Broadway, 444 and
472, Birch and Geo. Christy would simultaneously appear at their respective thea-
tres in the first part, and would then proceed to the other theatre and finish their
performance for the evening; this was about 1855. In 1851, with Sam Wells
and Dick Sliter, he opened in San Francisco with Birch, Wells and Sliter's Min-
strels, and remained six years; under the management of Tom Maguire.
August 20, 1857, Mr. Birch sailed for New York, and a few days later was
wrecked ofif the coast of Charleston, S. C. ; he finally made his way to New York,
where he played a brief engagement with Bryant's Minstrels, commencing Sep-
tember 28.
In February, 1858, Birch's Minstrels opened in Chicago; subsequently he
was one of the performers on the steamer "Banjo," which plyed the Mississippi
River. Afterwards Mr. Birch was associated in several minstrel ventures with
J. B. Donniker, Joe Murphy, Sam Sharpley and Ben Cotton. With the latter he
formed Birch and Cotton's Minstrels in San Francisco in 1862; likewise nearly
a quarter of a century later (July, 1886) did these old minstrels reunite, and the
great California metropolis again saw Birch and Cotton's Minstrels.
September 15, 1864, Birch, Dave Wambold and Charley Backus opened in
San Francisco as the San Francisco Minstrels, and in January, 1865, Wm. H.
Bernard joined the organization. In March following they sailed for New York,
and on May 8th, 1865, gave their first performance at 585 Broadway; four days
previous they appeared in Newark, N. J.
The company continued at 585 until April 27, 1872; on August 28, 1872, as
Birch, Wambold and Backus' Minstrels, they opened at St. James Hall, the pres-
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ent site of the 5th Avenue Theatre; season of 1873-74 the company traveled, and
on September 3, 1874, they opened at their own new theatre on Broadway, until
when recently demolished, known as the Princess Theatre.
They continued until 1880, when the company was known as Birch and
Backus' Minstrels, and remained as such until late in 1882, when it became
Birch, Hamilton, and Backus' Minstrels; this alliance was short lived, and the
season of 1882-83 finished as Birch and Backus' Minstrels.
August 27, 1883, Birch's San Francisco Minstrels opened; Decernber 3,
"Jack" Haverly became a partner, but on December 29, 1883, the last perform-
ance of the famous San Francisco Minstrels was given in New York.
In the fall of 1884 with Harry Kennedy he again launched Birch's San
Francisco Minstrels, but lasted only a few weeks; in November, 1886, he re-
turned to his "old home" as a member of Lew Dockstader's Minstrels, for a short
sojourn. In 1889 with Frank Moran he organized Birch and Moran's Min-
strels, and on July 17, 1890, he began his last minstrel engagement with Wm.
Henry Rice's World's Fair Minstrels.
Birch was a typical comedian of the old school of minstrelsy.
Billy Birch was born in Utica, N. Y., February 26, 1831 ; he died in New
York City, April 20, 1897.
Charles Backus, of the famous San Francisco Minstrels "quartette," and
one of the principal comedians of the organization, achieved wide fame for his
impersonations of prominent actors, in which he was an adept.
He went to California in 1852, and two years later organized Backus' Min-
strels there; in 1855 he took the company to Australia, and a few years later or-
ganized Horn and Backus' Minstrels; in 1859 he again went to Australia, and
appeared as a negro clown in Burton's Circus.
He returned to San Francisco in 1861, and after playing several engage-
ments there, on September 15, 1864, was one of the organizers of Birch, Wam-
bold and Backus' Minstrels ; his career from that time until his death was linked
with that of Billy Birch.
Mr. Backus was married to Leo Hudson, the famous equestrienne; he was
divorced in March, 1866; subsequently he married Miss Kate Newton, the well-
known actress.
On October 17, 1876, in Philadelphia, he married Miss Tizzie Mason.
Charles Backus was born in Rochester, N. Y., in 1831 ; he died in New
York City, June 21, 1883.
D.iiVE Wambold, universally conceded as minstrelsy's greatest balladist,
made his first appearance with a small minstrel company in 1849; his New York
debut was made with Donaldson's Minstrels four years later; he subsequently
appeared with Charley White's Minstrels in the same city for two years.
In August, 1857, he opened with Raynor and Pierce's Minstrels in London,
England, and remained in Europe with various organizations for several years.
In addition to being a remarkable singer, it is not generally known, but
nevertheless a fact, that Mr. Wambold was the first performer to do a Dutch
part in black-face; his dialect was one of the best.
September 15, 1864, he organized with Birch and Backus the San Francisco
Minstrels, opening in New York in May, 1865 ; he continued with the organiza-
FROM "DADDY" RICE TO DATE. yi
tion until May i, 1880, when owing to ill health, he retired from minstrelsy, at
Holyoke, Mass.
Mr. Wambold married Miss Isabella Young in Philadelphia, April 25, 1859.
Dave Wambold was born in Elizabethtown, N. J., April, 1836; he died in
New York City, November 10, 1889.
Tom Lewis says that when making the parade in Lynchburg, Va., about
ten or twelve years ago, a "rube" asked him (Lewis) what "society" it was.
"Sons of Poor Parents," replied Lewis.
Billy West, who happened to overhear the retort, also said something.
Wm. H. Bernard (White) was the greatest interlocutor, or middle-man,
that minstrelsy has ever known.
He is credited with having organized the first minstrel company in San
Francisco; this was in August, 1849; performances were in the Parker House,
and patrons gladly paid $5.00 per ticket for the privilege of seeing the minstrels.
"Those were the happy days."
In the winter of 1849 he made a trip to the Sandwich Islands as one of the
"New York Serenaders," and in 1850 he went to Sydney, Australia, and gave
the first minstrel performance that the big island ever saw ; subsequently he
went to India, and was the first to introduce minstrelsy there.
In January, 1865, he joined Birch, Wambold and Backus with their com-
pany in San Francisco, and until the Spring of 1872, when he retired perma-
nently from the profession he so long and ably graced, he was associated in part-
nership with those gentlemen.
William H. Bernard was born in New York City, in 1830; he died there
January 5, 1890.
Charles A. Morningstar, a well-known agent and manager of the 6o's,
and proprietor of Morningstar's Minstrels in 1863, was murdered near Mobile,
Ala., December 27, 1871.
Frank Kent was one of the early female impersonators, or wench dancers,
as these performers were originally known.
In December, 1842, at the Franklin Theatre in New York, Master Kent ap-
peared in a variety entertainment.
For many years he appeared with the various minstrel companies, notably
Howard Burlesque Opera Troupe ; San Franciscos in New York ; Duprez and
Benedict, in Philadelphia ; Duprez and Green's ; Arlington, Cotton and Kemble's
in Chicago, and Morris Brothers, Pell and Trowbridge, in Boston. In all prob-
ability his last appearance in minstrelsy was with Wm. Henry Rice's Company,
commencing July 17, 1890.
Frank Kent was born in Salem, Mass. ; he died in Cooperstown, N. Y.,
August 15, 1906; age about 75 years.
Thomas P. Brower, a brother of Frank Brower, one of the organizers of
the first minstrel show, and himself a performer of ability, died in Philadelphia,
March 15, 1867; age 37 years.
72 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Duke Morgan, an old-time violinist and musician of the real early days of
minstrelsy, died in New York City in October, 1881.
Otto Burbank was one of the best jig dancers in the early minstrel days,
likewise a good comedian. He was prominently identified with some of the best
minstrel organizations, notably Collins' "Christy" Minstrels, in London, Eng-
land, in 1862.
He died at Peoria, 111., February 13, 1882.
Harry Pell, an old-time black-face comedian, who was an excellent stump
orator, played several minstrel engagements, notably with the Morris company
in 1863.
He died in New York City, June i, 1866.
John Cluskey, at one time rated as one of the best dancers of his day, died
at Albany, N. Y., September 17, 1864.
Alexander Zanfretta, the famous pantomimist, played important minstrel
engagements, notably with Simmons and Slocum's, in Philadelphia, and with
Haverly.
He died in Brooklyn, N. Y., May 14, 1899.
Charles H. Duprez was one of the great managers of early minstrelsy.
In 1852 he made his cntre into the profession at New Orleans, La., with
the company that was afterwards known as Carle, Duprez and Green's Minstrels.
In 1858 the organization was known as Duprez and Green's, and it remained as
such until 1865 at Green Bay, Wis., when Air. Green retiring, Lew Benedict pur-
chased his interest, and Duprez and Benedict's Minstrels were organized; Mr.
Benedict retired from the company in 1876; Mr. Duprez continued on with the
same trade-mark until about 1885, when retiring from minstrelsy he went into
the hotel business in Lowell, Mass.
Charles H. Duprez was born in Paris, France, March 13, 1830; he died in
Providence, R. I., August 31, 1902.
J. A. Basouin, a well-known minstrel singer, who was also known at various
times as J. J. Roberts and J. Waterman, was a prominent member of Buckleys
Serenaders in the 6o's and early 70's, also with Unsworth and Eugene in Eng-
land in 1868.
J. A. Basquin was born in France; he died in Brooklyn, N. Y., January 27,
1872; age 42 years.
John Simpson, prominent for many years as business manager of Bryant's
Minstrels, in New York City, died November 15, 1881.
Wm. T. Bryant (O'Brien), a brother of Dan, Neil and Jerry, a mediocre
performer, was with Bryant's Minstrels in New York at the time of his death,
September 23, 1865.
Joe Brown, one of the world's greatest jig dancers, made his first appear-
ance at Albany, N. Y., in 1844. His first New York engagement was in the fall
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of 1852; August 3, 1857, he opened with "Christy's Minstrels in London, Eng-
land, remaining with, them until about i860, when he joined Nish's "Christy"
Minstrels, opening in Cape Town, South Africa, August 20, 1862. Prior to the
opening he and the company were shipwrecked, losing everything except his
clothes; a handsome silver belt he. won from Dick. Sliter in 1856 was amongst
the things lost.
Returning to England in 1863, he organized Joe Brown's "Christy" Min-
strels, visiting Egypt and India; returning to London, opened at St. James Hall,
June II, 1866. In 1868 he paid a brief visit to the United States, then returned
to England.
Joe Brown was born in Buflfalo, N. Y., January 2, 1830; he died in Glasgow,
Scotland, October 25, 1883.
C. D. Abbott was a prominent musician of the early days of minstrelsy,
when those performers were artists in their respective lines, and each one was a
soloist.
He died at La Salle, III, May 20, 1864.
Wm. Henry Rice made his first minstrel appearance September 19, 1859;
"Daddy" Rice died exactly one year later.
Billy Blair, the old-time general minstrel performer who was with Chris-
ty's Minstrels as early as May, 1856, also many other organizations, was a good
"Bob Ridley" and end man. He died in Brooklyn, N. Y., January 19, 1888.
Johnny Booker (Sam. Roberts), was one of the early minstrel comedians
and managers.
In the middle 5o"s he toured with Booker and Evart's Minstrels ; subse-
quently Booker and Sliter's and intermittently with Johnny Booker's Minstrels.
In the early days he made famous a song that had great vogue called "Meet
Johnny Booker at the Bowling Green." He was a member of Dave Reed's Min-
strels on board the Steamer "James Raymond," June 18, 1856. Among the no-
table minstrel organizations he was with were Hooley's, in Brooklyn, N. Y.,
1862 ; Lloyd and Bidaux's, 1867, and Arlington's, in 1870.
Johnny Booker was born in Bowling Green, Ky., October, 1830; he died
at Dayton, Ohio, October 25, 1898.
Henry Wood was one of the most famous of New York City minstrel man-
agers. He entered the theatrical field at 444 Broadway, in 185 1, with Jerome
B. Fellowe, and conducted Wood and Fellowe's Minstrels until February, 1852,
when he had the show to himself.'
Wood's Minstrels continued there until October 31, 1853, when he formed
an alliance with George Christy, and as W^ood and Christy's Minstrels they
flourished until May, 1858.
"444" burned down December 2, 1854, the company then going shortly after
to "472" Broadway.
Later, for a brief period, both houses were run simultaneously.
October i, 1855, "444" reopened, and on October 31, 1857, they moved to
their new Marble Palace, 561-63 Broadway; this house was closed September 3,
FROM "DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 75
1859. Nine days later Mr. Wood returned to "444," where he remained prac-
tically until July 7, 1862, when he moved his company to 514 Broadway.
Wood's Minstrels ceased as an institution about 1866.
■ Mr. Wood was a brother of Fernando Wood, once Mayor of New York.
Henry Wood is said to have died about twenty-eight years ago ; he is also said
to be living.
Pete Lane was a great jig and a good general dancer. He was with San-
ford's Minstrels in Philadelphia in 1856; he died there June 27, 1858.
Charles Noble, the well-known minstrel bass singer who was with
Thatcher, Primrose and West's, and other well known minstrel organizations,
died in New York City, June 8, 1892 ; age 62 years.
Bob Smith, the old-time minstrel performer, was associated with many of
the best performers of his day.
As a tambourine manipulator he achieved particular prominence, and
ranked with the best.
He died at St. Johnland, Staten Island, N. Y., April 20, 1900; age about 70
years.
Billy Wright, an old-time comedian, had some prominence as a "knife
thrower." His chief claim to fame lies in the fact that he was instrumental in
obtaining an opportunity for the embryonic talents of Francis Wilson to be given
recognition, which he did about 1865.
He died in Philadelphia, March 10, 1879.
Matt. Peel (Flannery). There are few who are alive to-day who remem-
ber the performances of this sterling young versatile performer, whose first pro-
fessional appearance was made in New York in 1840. A few years later he
joined Campbell's Minstrels, the only organization at that time bearing that
name.
He continued with this company several years, and on July 17, 1850, in
company with James Norris, Jos. D. Murphy, and Luke West, organized another
company; with the exception of the first named, all were performers. Subse-
quently and for a few years the organization was known as Murphy, West and
Peel's Minstrels, and later Matt. Peel's Minstrels, by which it was known until
the death of Mr. Peel.
Mr. Peel was one of the first minstrel performers to sing an Irish song on
the end.
Matt. Peel was born in New York, January 15, 1830; he died in Buffalo,
N. Y., May 4, 1859.
Charley O'Neill, a well-known comedian who was with Unsworth's Min-
strels in 1861, and subsequently with Hooley in Brooklyn, N. Y., committed
suicide by drowning, in St. Louis, Mo., July 21, 1863.
John Hooley, a brother of the famous manager, R. M. Hooley, ran a min-
strel company in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1873.
He died there April 12, 1891.
76 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Mert. Sexton was prominent as a comedian and dancer; his chief fame
rested in his ability -to dance the "Essence of Old Virginia." He played with
many famous organizations, notably Matt. Peel's in 1858; Fox and Worden's in
1859, and Collins' "Christy" Minstrels in 1862; the two latter companies were in
England.
Mert. Sexton is said to have died in Long Island City, N. Y., in May, 1866.
Seth Howard, one of the old-time interlocutors and straight men, who was
one of the original Bryant's Minstrels at Mechanics Hall in New York City in
1857, died at Hornellsville, N. Y., February 11, i860.
George Langdon, an aged darky impersonator and singer, and who sang
duets with John L. Carncross in Philadelphia before Carncross joined Sanford's
Minstrels in that city, died at Pawtucket, Mass., May 12, 1859.
Harry Evarts, who was associated with Johnny Booker with Booker and
Evarts' Minstrels in the 50's, and was considered a good general performer, was
in later years prominently identified with several companies in an executive ca-
pacity.
He was killed in a wreck near Hamilton, Canada, April 28, 1889.
Dick (Richard) Silver, was an early member of the famous Morris Bros.,
Pell and Trowbridge's Minstrels in the 6o's.
At the time of his death he had been in the theatrical profession about sev-
enty years.
Mr. Silver was born in Groton, Vt., he died in Traverse City, Mich., Oc-
tober 10, 1909.
Lew Rattler, long associated in the early days of minstrelsy in California,
and a member of an organization of the same name in 1859, was a comedian of
merit.
lie died in San Francisco, Cal., March 27, 1905.
Theodore Gustave Bidaux who ranked with the great baritone singers of
minstrelsy, came to America in 1858, and appeared with much success with the
following well-known burnt cork organization — Sanford's, in Philadelphia;
Lloyd and Bidaux'; Duprez and Green's; George Christy's; Manning's; Hav-
erly's, and Wm. Henry Rice's in Cincinnati.
Mr. Bidaux married a Mrs. Ayleen in 1867.
Theodore Gustave Bidaux was born near Paris, France, March 12, 1830;
he died at Hatboro, Pa., March 5, 1886.
Sam Sharpley (Sharpe) was one of the most famous minstrel comedians
and banjoists of his day. He first appeared professionally at the age of 16.
In 1858 he went to Sanford's Minstrels in Philadelphia, where he became a
great favorite. In i860 he associated himself with John L. Carncross in Carn-
cross and Sharpley's Minstrels; that same year he also was partner with Birch
and Sharpley's Minstrels.
In the Fall of 1862 he launched his famous "Iron Clads" Minstrels. From
1865 to 1867 he was associated with Tony Pastor in the management of what is
FRANK CUSHMAN
HARRY C. SHUNK
mem'r
NAT. HAINES CHAS. J. STINE
A QUARTETTE OF CORKERS.
78 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
now known as the People's Theatre in New York. In 1872 he formed an alli-
ance with Swaine Buckley, and subsequently with Sheridan and Mack in rtiin-
strel organization bearing their names. He was a natural wit and a great enter-
tainer.
Sam Sharpley was born in Philadelphia, June 13, 1831 ; he died in Provi-
dence, R. I., January i, 1875.
Harry Leighton, long and favorably knowr as a vocalist, did an end with
Vogel's Minstrels, April 16, 1908.
Archie Hughes (Arthur Hughes), was one of the biggest favorites of
Hooley's great minstrel company in Brooklyn, N. Y., many years ago.
There is a difference of opinion as to when and where he made his first
appearance, but it is certain he was with Sam Sanford's Minstrels, traveling in
1859; and equally certain that one evening during a performance with that com-
pany, a man in the audience became so enthused with Hughes' dancing, that he
took his watch from his pocket and gave it to him (Hughes) ; he finished the
season at Sanford's Theatre in Philadelphia in the Spring of i860. About June
following he joined Mrs. Matt Peel's Minstrels; subsequently returning to San-
ford's in Philadelphia.
September 29, 1862, he opened with Hooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn, at the
initial performance of the organization.
In November, 1864, he began an engagement with Wood's Minstrels in New
York, and the following year was one of the proprietors of (Cool.) Burgess,
(Tom) Prendergast, Hughes and (D. C.) La Rue's Minstrels.
May 28, 1866, he returned to Hooley's, and at the ending of the season of
1868-69, he went to England with Smith and Taylor's Minstrels.
September 12, 1870, with Fayette Welch, and Cool. White, he opened Welch,
Hughes and White's Minstrels in Brooklyn, on the site now occupied by a large
carpet store; the organization continued there for several months. In 1873 ^r.
Hughes was with Sharpley, Sheridan and Mack's Company, and two years later
he rejoined Hooley in Brooklyn.
In December, 1880, he was a member of Kyle's "Christy" Minstrels in Bos-
ton, and in September, 1881, he began his last engagement with Leavitt's Gigan-
tean Minstrels.
Mr. Hughes was a splendid comedian and a fine dancer; he specialized sing-
ing Irish songs on the end.
Archie Hughes was born in Albany, N. Y., about 1830; he died in Buffalo,
N. Y., October 18, 1881.
P. B. Isaacs was one of the early minstrel leaders, and a fine musician. He
was one of the original members of Bryant's Minstrels in New York at their
opening, February 23, 1857.
He was born in London, England, 1831 ; he died in San Francisco, Septem-
ber 6, 1865.
William Blakeney. The distinction of being the oldest minstrel leader
in all probability belongs to William Blakeney, who made his first appearance
with the Western Minstrels, an amateur organization in Pittsburg, Pa., in 1847.
He was five years with the Yankee Robinson Circus.
FROM "DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 79
Late in i860 he joined William Christy's Minstrels, and in the Spring of
1861, went to Europe with Rumsey and Newcomb's Minstrels.
Subsequently he was with Morris and Wilson's Minstrels in St. Louis, and
continued with them four years. In Philadelphia he was with Simmons and
Slocum's Minstrels two years. February 2, 1878, he sailed with Kelly and Leon
and their minstrel company for Australia; he continued with them until their
dissolution, after which he was associated with the Victoria Loftus Troupe.
Mr. Blakeney's most important engagement was with the San Francisco
Minstrels in New York, with whom he remained five years.
William Blakeney was born in Elfin, Ireland, October 30, 1831.
Billy Lawrence, an old-timei' who had his own minstrel show in Chicago
as early as 1858, and for many years after appeared with other companies, died
in Chicago, 111., August 21, 1900; age 69 years.
J. W. McAndrews (Walter James McAndrews), famous for many years as
the "Watermelon Man," the latter appellation bemg the title of the sketch he per-
formed for about three decades with astonishing success.
His first professional appearance was made in his native city at the Rich-
mond Theatre, at the age of 13, in black-face and singing that early favorite,
"Jim Along Josie."
Subsequently and for many years he did "nigger" acts in circuses and small
minstrel companies.
About 1857 he joined Buckley's Serenaders, remained with them for a con-
siderable period, and went to England with them in i860. Mr. McAndrews
played sundry engagements until he joined Kelly and Leon's Minstrels. About
1866, while with that company in Cincinnati, "Pastimes on the Levee" was first
put on ; it was not until three or four years later that the skit got the title that
made it so popular; Dan Bryant did the christening, and McAndrews played
three years with Bryant's Minstrels in New York.
He went to England with Haverly's Mastodons, and opened at Her Majes-
ty's Theatre, London, July 31, 1880; subsequently, July 17, 1882, he played at
the Pavillion in the English Metropolis, opening with great success.
The succeeding years of his career were spent with the many prominent
minstrel and variety organizations, as well as playing innumerable engagements
in the variety theatres.
J. W. McAndrews was born in Richmond, Va., November, 1831 ; he died at
Elgin, 111., December 29, 1899.
James Budworth, in addition to being a great minstrel, was a good actor.
His debut was made at the Park Theatre, in New York City, in 1848, as vocal-
ist and mimic.
May 26, i860, James Budworth, Frank Budworth (his son, who after-
wards developed into one of the best Chinese impersonators) and his brother,
W. S. Budworth, appeared with Wood's Minstrels, at the same time.
One year prior to this, he was the principal comedian with George Chris-
ty's Minstrels in New York, Christy had been enjoined from appearing.
In 1862 he was with Mrs. Matt. Peel's Minstrels; September, 1864, found
him with Hooley's, in Brooklyn, N. Y.
. Monday, August 27, 1866, with his brother William, he opened the 5th
8o MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Avenue Theartre (until recently, when it was demolished, known as the Madi-
son Square Theatre)',, New York City; they remained several months.
Mr. Budworth was with Sam Sharpley's Minstrels in the Summer of 1869,
and in September, 1872, he became a member of Frank Moran's Minstrels in
Philadelphia ; he was likewise with several of the other prominent companies of
his time. He also played the title role in "Pomp" and star roles in other plays.
Mr. Budworth was best known for his imitations of actors, in which he
had no peer.
As a banjoist he gained renown, and played with equal proficiency the
Japanese and Chinese fiddle.
As a Dutch comedian he was great ; his John Schmidt in "The Persecuted
Dutchman" at the Park Theatre, Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1865, received lavish
praise from press and public.
James Budworth was born in Philadelphia, December 24, 1831 ; he died
in New York City, March 15, 1875.
Dick Berthelon, an old-time black-face performer, appeared mostly in
variety houses for many years; he was good in the old-time "nigger" acts, and
was proficient as a manipulator of the bones and tambourine.
He died in Brooklyn, N. Y., September 25, 1891 ; age 60 years.
Billy Boyd was a capable minstrel performer of the old school; he was
with Hunt and Company's Minstrels in 1855, and was very well-known in
Philadelphia, where he was born in 1831 ; he died in New York, April 21, 1869.
R. M. CARROJ.L, or "Dick" as he is better known, or "Master Marks" as he
was originally known to the profession, probably has the greatest number of
years of theatrical service of any one in minstrelsy.
Mr. Carroll is best remembered as a dancer, and he was one of the world's
greatest; but in his early career he was a splendid wench performer; he was
the third one to do "Lucy Long" ; a great feature of old-time minstrelsy.
Mr. Carroll's first public appearance was at Tinkham Hall on Grand
Street, New York City; the occasion was the benefit of an elderly Irish lady,
long since departed — this was in 1837. For many years he danced at balls and
parties. About 1845 he first appeared professionally at the Bowery Amphithea-
tre, New York City, in a circus, and shortly after this at the Bowery Theatre
he blacked up for the first time with "Daddy" Rice, playing in "Bone Squash."
The year following he played his initial minstrel engagement with Charley
White's Company, also in New .York ; he remained with White several seasons.
In 1854 he was with Buckleys Serenaders in New York; in 1858 with Snif-
fen's Campbell's Minstrels, likewise in the metropolis.
February 14, 1859, he made his first appearance as a member of Morris
Bros., Pell and Trowbridge's Minstrels in Boston, where he became a great
favorite, remaining about three years.
In his long career Mr. Carroll played with many prominent minstrel or-
ganizations, notably Kelly and Leon's ; at Hooley's, at the latter's theatre in
Brooklyn, N. Y., with little Dick, his son, he began an engagement there March
14, 1870. _ . » .
Subsequently with Dick, Jr., and Dick's brothers, Edwin and BJRnie, they
played for several years in the principal variety theatres of the country.
82 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
In September, 1878, he opened Carroll's Comique, in Brooklyn, N. Y., and
several weeks later, with his sons, began an engagement with Cotton and Wag-
ner's Minstrels. It may be interesting to know that Mr. Carroll and the late
J. K. (Fritz) Emmett, had a minstrel show on,ce ; Carroll and Emmett's Min-
strels opened at De Bar's Opera House, St. Louis, Mo., June i, 1868.
R. M. Carroll and John Queen (afterwards Queen and West), were the
first to do a double clog dance, about 1862. Mr. Carroll likewise originated
the famous song "Me Father Sold Charcoal."
His sons, Bennie and Edwin, died in New York City, September 18, 1877,
and at Denver, Colo., March 5, 1905, respectively.
Mr. Carroll played the variety houses for several years with his well known
dancing specialty "Mortar and Bricks."
R. M.. Carroll was born in New York City April 10, 1832.
W. L. HoBBS, the well known minstrel "leader" was associated with Frank
Moran's Minstrels in Philadelphia in 1872; he was also with Carncross and
Dixey's Company in the same city, and for several seasons was connected with
Bryant's Minstrels in New York.
W. L. Hobbs died in Philadelphia, July 12, 1874; age 45 years.
Bob Hall, who had been connected with many minstrel companies during
his long career, and who had also been with Harrigan and Hart, died in Balti-
more, Md., June 29, 1882 ; age 50 years.
Andrew Wyatt, an old-time minstrel leader, who was with Sanford's
Minstrels in Philadelphia as early as 1856, and for eight years prior to his death
with Whitmore and Clark's Minstrels, died in Salem, Mass., August 5, 1874;
age 41 years.
A. M. Hernandez was famous as a pantomimist and acrobat ; but it was
as a guitarist and vocalist he was best known; he was capabile of playing prac-
tically every known instrument.
In 1852 he was with Hayworth and Horton's variety show doing a knife
throwing act. The following year he was with Parrow's Minstrels and sub-
sequently with Matt. Peel's and Sniffen's Campbell's Minstrels.
Mr. Hernandez was born in Havana, Cuba ; he died in Montevideo, Uru-
guay, S. A., October 25, 1874.
J. B. Studley, the famous old legitimate actor, played, "Pomp, or Cudijos
Cave" in New York, April 11. 1864, and in the same city played Uncle Tom,
in Uncle Tom's Cabin, October 20, 1879.
Mr. Studley was born in Boston, Mass., October 8, 1832; he died in New
York, August 6, 1910.
John S. Cox, the old-time minstrel leader of Simmons and Slocum's in
Philadelphia, and other well known companies, died in August, 1902; age 70
years.
John P. Smith, familiarly known as "Cully" Smith, began his professional
career as a member of old Joe Sweeney's Company in 1845 J he was then Mas-
ter Smith.
FROM -DADDY- RICE TO DATE. 83
In 1850 he was with the "Old Dominion" Minstrels, playing the bones,
imder the name of "John P. Weston" ; subsequently he was with Parrow's Min-
strels, and Smith and Hernandez Minstrels. Later he was identified with the
liuckley's, and George Christy's Minstrels in an executive capacity, and of
recent years was associated in a like manner with several prominent legitimate
attractions.
John P. Smith was born in Richmond, \'a., August 3, 1832; he died in New
York City, November 12, 1897.
SwAVNE Buckley, Roli.\ Howarp, Edvvi.n Hol.mes, Billy Hart axd G. W.
H. Griffin, all died within thirty days in 1879.
Mrs. J. T. Huntley was the grand-daughter of the late Colonel Jacob
Deems, a prominent figure of old Baltimore.
She became the wife of the famous Matt. Peel just one year before the
latter's death ; subscciucntly she married J. T. Huntley, another old-time min-
strel.
After Matt. Peel's demise. Airs. Peel, a few months later re-organized the
company, and as Airs. Alatt. Peel's Minstrels, she conducted its affairs success-
fully for several seasons.
As Mrs. Peel she also had the additional distinction of being the first woman
that ever sold tickets for a minstrel show ; this was more than fifty years ago,
when the companies played in halls, and carried their own treasurers.
Mrs. Huntley is living, active, and is happy in the thought that she is earn-
ing her own livelihood.
Mrs. J. T. Huntley was born in Baltimore, Md., August 4, 1832.
Eon Hart (James M. Sutherland) famous as a stump speaker, made his
professional debut at "444" Broadway, New York, in 1859; prior to this he had
been a Methodist minister.
In 1863 with Lew Simmons he was proprietor of Hart and Simmons' Min-
strels ; he was abso prominently identified with the San Francisco Minstrels in
New York; Bryant's, in the same city; Emerson and Manning's in Chicago,
and subsequently, in 187 1, with Manning's Minstrels, also in Chicago.
His last appearance in minstrelsy was with Dan Bryant's company in 1875.
In 1878 he again took up evangelical work and continued at it until his death.
Bob Hart was born in New York State, February 9, 1832; he died (suicide)
in New York City, April 6, 1888.
John Sivori (Wheeler) who was one of the original Bryant's Minstrels
of February 23, 1857, in New York City, and was for several years associated
with them ; gave up the profession many years ago, and is said to have become
a doctor or dentist.
He was reported dead about ten years back.
John B. Donniker was one of the oldest as well as the best "leaders" in
minstrelsy.
He was associated with many of the famous organizations, including some
of his own. In 1854 he was "leader" with Ordway's Aeolians in Boston; sub-
84 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
sequently he went to California, and while there was one of the proprietors of
Birch (Billy) and Donniker's Minstrels, 1859.
In 1861 he was with "Eugene" and Unsworth, proprietor of Unsworth's
Minstrels. In 1862 he had a half interest in Arlington (Billy) and Donniker's
Minstrels; and in 1865 he was associated with Burgess ("Cool"), Prendergast
(Tom), Hughes (Archie) and Donniker's Minstrels.
He was with Morris Bros., Pell and Trowbridge, in Boston, and with Bry-
ant's, and Wood and Christy's in New York ; likewise for several seasons was
he intermittently with the famous San Francisco Minstrels, also in New York.
In the late 70's he was engaged as leader at the London Theatre, New York
City, remaining a few seasons.
Of late years, having lost the use of his arm, he took pupils, giving lessons
on the violin.
John B. Donniker died at Pcnn Yan, N. Y., July 17, 1902; age 69 years.
ToxY P.VSTOR (Antonio Pastorius), during his long career as manager in
New York City, occupied three different theatres, each of which had previously
been used by a permanent minstrel company.
Mr. Pastor's early days, about 1846-47, were spent as a minstrel.
Tony Pastor was born in New York, May 28, 1832 ; he died at Elmhurst,
L. I., N. Y., August 26, 1908.
"Hank" (Azro) White, a famous old-time minstrel, had been in the pro-
fession about forty years; twenty-five of which were spent with Whitmore and
Clark's Minstrels.
He died in Windsor, \'t., February 14, 1900; age 68 years.
Walter Birch (Smith), was a well-known tenor vocalist with Christy's
Minstrels in 1862 and 1865 ;' in 1363 he was with Horn and Newcomb's Min-
strels, He was likewise associated with several operatic companies.
He died in Jersey City, N. J., January 29, 1880; age 47 years.
Johnny Pell (Gavin), a prominent young comedian, spent the best part
of his professional career in Boston. His first appearance was with Charley
White's company in New York in the early 50's.
In 1854 he went to Boston, and became a member of Ordway's Aeolians,
remaining until 1857, when in conjunction with Lon and Billy Morris and J. T.
Huntley, they organized a company bearing their names ; about two years later
it was known as Morris Bros., Pell and Trowbridge's Minstrels, and as such
continued until the demise of Mr. Pell.
Two days prior to his death, he married Miss Moore, of Boston.
■Johnny Pell died in Boston, Mass., January 24, 1866; age 33 years. He
was born in New York.
Geo. M. Clark entered the field -of minstrelsy about i860; subsequently
with his partner he organized Whitmore and Clark's Minstrels, and traveled
successfully for many years.
He was born in 1833, and died in Felchville, Vt., June 6, 1885.
BYRON CHRISTY
HUGHEV nnrr.IIERTY
JAMES UNSWORTH
HARRY PELL
FRANK MORAN
BOB. HART
BILLY RICHARDSON
FRANK BELL
LEW BENEDICT
ORATORS OF THE OLD DAYS.
86 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Charles Petrie was one of the old time banjoists, and one of the first to
open a variety theatre in Chicago.
He was associated with the minstrel companies of Arlington, Kelly, Leon
and Donniker, Lew Benedict's and others.
He was born in Lockport, N. Y., in 1833; he died in Dallas, Texas, No-
vember 12, i88i.
J. E. Green was known as "Mocking Bird Green," from the fact that he
was so long identified with singing of the song of that name, and whistling imi-
tations of same. He entered the profession about 1856, as a member of the
minstrel firm of Shorey. Carle, Duprez and Green ; subsequently it became Du-
prez and Green's Minstrels, and continued until 1865 under that trade-mark,
when he sold his interest to Lew Benedict. He subsequently had several com-
panies of his own and was associated in another with "Hop Light Loo" Charley
Gardner.
At the time of his death he was musical director with Archie White's "Du-
prez and Benedict's" Minstrels.
J. E. Green was born in Portsmouth, X. H., April 9, 1833 ; he died in New
York, November 30, 1886.
Billy Wray, the father of Mrs. John Wild, was one of the most versatile
of performers ; as an end man and stump speaker he excelled ; he was likewise
a clever magician.
With his wife (Louise Payne) and daughter, Ada, already referred to, he
traveled in 1862, giving an entire performance by themselves.
Billy Wray was born in New York, July 25, 1833; he was lost in the wreck
of the Steamer "Evening Star" between New York and New Orleans, October
3, 1866.
E. Freeman Dixey — his was a household word in Philadelphia, where
practically his whole professional career, and the major portion of his life was
spent.
His first engagement was in Boston, at the age of eighteen ; subsequently
he went to Philadelphia, and opened there at Cartee's Lyceum, the present site
of the nth Street Opera House, with the Julien Serenaders, December 4, 1854.
On April 23, 1855, the house was opened as Sanford's Opera House, by
Sam Sanford, and Mr. Dixey was a member of the company, and continued
with Sanford until the latter drew away from its management, April 14, 1862,
when Mr. Dixey and Mr. Carncross opened it under the name of Carncross
and Dixey's Minstrels; Robert Simpson was the financial man. The firm of
Carncross and Dixey continued until June 17, 1871 ; Mr. Carncross retiring on
that date.
October 2, 1871, Mr. Dixey in conjunction with Frank Moran opened the
house as Moran and Dixey's Minstrels. The second season commenced August
26, 1872, and on September 24, Mr. Dixey retired from the firm. September
I, 1873, again saw Carncross and Dixey's Minstrels installed; they continued
until March 16, 1878; after a supplemental tour that terminated May 11, 1878,
Mr. Dixey retired to private life.
Mr. Dixey was one of minstrelsy's greatest bone players, and in his earlier
days he excelled in the delineation of wench characters.
FROM ••DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 87
He was a student of the negro, as well as a student in private life; a gifted,
intellectual, cultured gentleman was Edward Freeman Dixey.
E. Freeman Dixey was born in Marblehead, Mass., July 29, 1833 ; he died
in Philadelphia, March 2, 1904.
Max Irwin was a well-known comedian, stump orator and general per-
former.
In 1858 and 1859 he was a member of Matt. Peel's Minstrels.
In the latter year he also played variety engagements with "Young Amer-
ica" (E. Richardson). May 16, 1859, he married Gussie Lamoreux, the well-
known dancer, in Philadelphia.
Mr. Irwin who was at one time known as P. Maxey, was born in Cincin-
nati, O. ; he died in Adelaide, Aus., August 9, 1864; age 33 years.
Add. Weaver (Addison Weaver), was one of the real old-time minstrel
comedians.
It is said he entered the profession in 1845. In 1858 he was with the Met-
ropolitan Minstrels; in 1861 with Mrs. Matt. Peel's Minstrels, and in 1863, in
conjunction with Charley Morris, was proprietor of the Morris Minstrels. In
the 6o's. and for several years, he did sketches with Master Barney; subse-
quently he had many pupils who were known as Master Add. Weaver; one of
these was Fred Hallen.
In the fall of 1876 he succeeded Lew Dockstader in the management of the
Adelphi, formerly Newton's Varieties, in Hartford, Conn.
Add. Weaver was a good end man, and was noted for his stump speeches.
The writer's last recollection of the vereran minstrel was with "The House With
Green Blinds," at the Walnut Street Theatre, Philadelphia, about September,
1893 '■ he appeared in the initial production in a black-face part, but only played
one or two performances, when he was succeeded by the author, Scott Marble.
On July 22, 1887, he was married to Mrs. Abigail F. Harris, in New York
City.
Add. Weaver was born in Cattaraugus County, New York, about 1833 ; he
died in Staten Island, N. Y., February 2, 1903.
Johnny De Angelis was one of the early black-face performers in Cali-
fornia. He was well-known as a good general comedian in San Francisco,
where he played many years.
He was the father of Jeff De Angelis, the present light opera star.
Johnny De Angelis was born in Philadelphia, about 1833 ; he died in San
Francisco, Cal., December 25, 1877.
Dan Bryant (Daniel Webster O'Brien). The profound esteem in which
this black-face comedian was held can be told in no better way than in citing
the fact that within three weeks of the date of his death, the entire theatrical
profession in New York City gave no less than eleven testimonial benefits in
as many different theatres in the Metropolis on the afternoon of April 29, 1875 ;
for Dan Bryant's hand was ever in his pocket for those less fortunate than him-
self, and no one ever appealed to him in vain ; he was a lovely character, was
Dan Bryant — and yet his grave remains unmarked ; so it is said.
His first appearance was in New York City in 1845 ^t Vauxhall Garden,
88 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
at his brother Jerry's benefit; he was with various companies until 1848, when
he joined Losee's Minstrels ; subsequently he was with the Sable Harmonists,
and in 1850 he joined Charley White's company in New York, remaining a year.
Next he appeared with Wood and Fellowe's Minstrels in New York, and
when Mr. Fellowe withdrew, he continued with Henry Wood's Minstrels, sam''
city ; he was with them as late as July, 1852.
Later he joined Campbell's Minstrels, and in the Summer of 1856, he man-
aged Bryant's "Campbell's" Minstrels ; in September, same year, he made a pro-
nounced hit in Philadelphia, and on February 23, 1857, Bryant's Minstrels gave
their first performance in New York City, at Mechanic's Hall; their last appear-
ance there was Junr 2, 1866.
August 10, 1867, Dan Bryant and his Minstrels sailed for California; they
played in San Francisco under the management of Tom Maguire ; they remained
away until May 18, 1868, when they opened at the Tammany Building (present
Olympic Theatre), New York City; Bryant's Minstrels ne.xt home was on 23rd
Street, above 6th Avenue; they opened there November 23, 1870, and continued
until Dan Bryant's death.
While Dan Bryant's name and fame will go down to posterity as a min-
strel, yet he was recognized as a fine Irish comedian. At a benefit performance
for William R. Floyd in New York, July 2, 1863, Mr. Bryant gave a perform-
ance of Handy Andy in the play of that name, the equal of which had not been
seen in some time, and during the Summer seasons for several years played in
various Irish dramas with success; in May, 1865, he sailed for Europe, and in
Dublin, Ireland, and Liverpool, England, he gave several performances of Celtic
characters.
Although a good general performer, Dan Bryant's chief fame rests in his
"Essence of Old Virginny" dance; it is not claimed that he originated it, but
it is universally conceded that he excelled all others in it's execution ; he like-
wise gained prominence in the famous "Shoo Fly" song and dance with Dave
Reed.
It has been shown that Dan Bryant was an actor in white-face , but that he
equally was an actor behind his mask of cork, I submit the following from
Harper's Magazine, written a few years before the lamented minstrel's
death. * * *
"Edwin Forrest was never weary of seeing Dan Bryant play the part of the
hungry negro in "Old Times, Rocks," and the verdict of the great pla3'er
was that there was not a finer bit of tragic acting to be seen in America at
that time than Dan in this broadly funny bit. Who that remembers the
performance need be told how tears were constantly checking laughter in
this little scene of the black man's suffering through hunger, and how one's
sympathies were irresistibly wrung by the pathos of the minstrel's voice
when, on being questioned as to when he had eaten a square real, he an-
swered, humbly T had a peanut last week.' It was side-splitting — it was
heartbreaking."
Mr. Bryant married Miss Ellen Fitzgibbons of St. Louis, Mo., in that
city, July 29, i860.
Dan Bryant was born in Troy, N. Y., May 9, 1833 ! 1''^ died in New York
City, April 10, 1875.
BEN. COTTON
TOM. WATERS
BARRY MAXWELL
HARRY G. RICHMOND
CHAS. iu. tRNEST NEIL. ROGERS
STUDIES IN BLACK AND WHITE.
go MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
John Hart, jolly "fat" John Hart, as he was universally known, first ap-
peared professionally in 1854 as a member of Eisenbeice's Minstrels; the
company stranded in Syracuse, N. Y., and that was the end of Eisenbeice.
Some time later he was stock comedian at Trimble's Varieties in Pitts-
burg, Pa.
His first New York appearance was at Josh Hart's Comique in 1869.
In 1871, Hart, Ryman and Barney's Minstrels were organized.
Mr. Hart also was with Haverly ; Kelly and Leon ; Morris Bros., and
other first-class minstrel companies.
In 1888 he was the original Hiram Pepper in the "Two Sisters" Com-
pany.
In September, 1887, he was one of the organizers of (Wm. Henry) Rice,
Hart and (Add) Ryman's Minstrels.
He toured with the "Two Johns" for three years.
John Hart was screamingly funny in the old-time nigger acts he used to
do with Arthur Moreland at various times.
He also played an engagement with Augustin Daly in the play of the
"Royal Middy."
John Hart was born in Monongahela City, Pa., July 10, 1833 ; he died in
New York City, June 4, 1904.
J. G. H. Shorey was one of the early minstrel proprietors and comedians.
The first record of Mr. Shorey's career as a black-face performer was in
his father's barn at the age of nine years ; pins were the admission fee, and it
is said that no one ever complained of being stuck. A few years later he
joined a dramatic company, and later a circus ; after that came Shorey's
Southern Minstrels.
In the middle 50's he formed an alliance with Duprez, Carle and Green,
playing for a few seasons under the firm name. In later years he was iden-
tified with several prominent organizations in an executive capacity, as well
as playing the variety theatres.
Mr. Shorey is, reputed to have been the proprietor of the first Dime
Museum ever opened in Boston.
J. G. H. Shorey was born in Great Falls, N. H., April 10, 1833 ; he died in
Lynn, Mass., May 23, 1886.
Charles F. Shattuck was one of the oldest and most noted of minstrel
bassos. He was the author of the song, "One Hundred Fathoms Deep," and
had made many beautiful minstrel arrangements.
He had been associated with such well-known minstrel organizations
as Newcomb's ; Buckley's ; Simmons and Slocum's ; Geo. Wilson's and nu-
merous others. Mr. Shattuck died in New York, November 29, 1905 ; age
69 years.
Ned Davis was an old-time comedian ; it was his company, known as the
Olio Minstrels, that were the first to perform on the steamer "Banjo," giving
their first performance at Lawrfenceburg, Miss., October, 1855. Mr. Davis
traveled with his minstrel company for many years, also appearing with
other companies at times, notably Campbell's Minstrels in New York, with
whom he opened July 6, 1863.
He died at Mott Haven (New York City) June 29, 1872 ; age 48 years.
FROM "DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 91
Edwin Booth, the great American tragedian, in 1850, at the court-house in
his native town, gave an entertainment in which he blackened his face and
sang negro songs, accompanied by the banjo and bones. This was one year
. after his dramatic debut in Boston.
f Edwin P>ooth was born in Belair, Md., November 13, 1833; he died in
New York City, June 7, 1893.
Tom Leslie, once promment as a bass singer with Morris Bros., Pell and
Trowbridge's Minstrels m Boston, was the father of Eddie and Joe Leslie;
the former, well known as a mimetic comedian, and the latter long associated
with Cohan and Harris' attractions.
Mr. Leslie was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, December 29, 1833 ; he
died in Boston, Mass., June 6, 1899.
Ch.^rley Lewis, an old-time comedian who was with William Christy's
Minstrels in i860, and who married Miss O'Keefe, of Portage City, Wis., at
Milwaukee, July 20, 1861 ; died at Portage Lake, Wis., November 28, 1864;
age 31 years.
John H. Duley was a well-known comedian half a century ago; his "Old
Bob Ridley" is said to have compared favorably with the best performances of
that favorite old-time act.
He had been with Hooley and Campbell's Minstrels in New York in
1861, and went to England with Rumscy and Newcomb's Company that same
year.
July 10, 1859, he married Mrs. Mattie Robinson, an actress.
John H. Duley was born in Philadelphia, Pa., 1834; he died in London,
England, May 31, 1864.
Fr.\nk Hussev was a well-known comedian and versatile performer.
His operations were chiefly confined to California and foreign countries.
His first appearance was with a minstrel company known as the "Sable
Brothers," in 1848. There is practically no country on the globe that Hussey
has not appeared in.
He was born in Nantucket, Mass., October 26, 1834: he was last heard
of as a member of Leslie's Anglo-American Minstrels in Africa, July 30, 1883.
Billy Cii.vmbers. an old-time banjoist and comedian, was with Sam Sharp-
ley's Minstrels, in 1865. and played his last engagement, about 1870, with Sam
Sanford ; he died in Philadelphia, September 7, 1879 ; age 45 years.
Harry Robinson (Bishop), famous in minstrelsy as the "Man With the
Silver Horns," came to the L'nited States about 1861, and subsequently ap-
peared with George Wood's IMinstrels as a cornetist ; later he was with Cal.
Wagner's Company.
About 1870 he organized Harry Robinson's Minstrels, and toured for
several seasons. He was an excellent musician, and was married three times.
Mr. Robinson was born in England; he died (suicide) at Bloomington,
111., May 5, 1889; age 55 years.
92 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Charles L. Church was a prominent balladist of the 6o's and 70's.
For many years he was actively associated with Sharpley's, and Morris
Bros. Minstrels.
A son of the same name is also a well-known vocalist.
He was born in England, and died in Cambridge, Mass., June 4, 1910;
age 76 years.
James Wambold was a brother of Dave Wambold, and achieved prominence
as a banjoist. His first appearance was in his native city with a local minstrel
troupe in the early 50's.
Subsequently he played on the "Floating Palace"; Backus' Minstrels,
and Mrs. Matt. Peel's Minstrels, in 1861.
Mr. Wambold was an expert whistler and gave imitations of birds and
animals, accompanied by the banjo. He played many engagements with cir-
cuses, and it was while with one of these in the Spring of 1875 that he received
injuries that compelled his retirement from the profession.
James F. Wambold was born in Newark, N. J., March 4, 1834; he died
there June 15, 1901.
John L. Carncross, famous for his long association at the old Eleventh
Street Opera House in Philadelphia, was one of the greatest singers in min-
strelsy ; his voice, a pure tenor, is yet recalled by many of the old residents
of the Quaker City. Originally he appeared at the various concert halls in his
native city as "Billy" Warren.
On January 4, 1858, he made his first appearance with Sanford's Mins-
trels at the latter's theatre in Philadelphia. Mr. Carncross continued there
until the Spring of i860, when the season having closed, with Sam Sharpley
he organized Carncross and Sharpley 's Minstrels in the same city at the Con-
tinental Theatre, which was on the present site of the Casino Theatre, and
gave their first performance August 22, i860; after playing a few weeks they
left there and reappeared October i.
April 14, 1862, Mr. Carncross and E. F. Dixey opened there under the
firm name of Carncross and Dixey 's Minstrels, and continued as such until
April 18, 1871, when the regular season closed; this was followed by a sup-
plemental tour, which terminated on June 17, on which date Mr. Carncross
retired from the firm, and entered the mercantile business. ,
Mr. Dixey subsequently also retired from the company, but on Septem-
ber I, 1873, Carncross and Dixey 's Minstrels again opened.
Dixey retired permanently in 1878, and Mr. Carncross continued there
until January 25, 1896, as Carncross' Minstrels, on which date he finally retired
to private life at his residence in the city of his birth.
John L. Carncross was born in Philadelphia, about 1834.
R. Jean Buckley (Alexander W. Moody), one of the good old-timers, made
his first appearance at the old Marshall Theatre, Richmond, Va., in October,
1847, as a ballad singer. The following year he joined Joe Sweeney's Mins-
trels, and at that time he was not only the youngest living banjo player, but
one of the very few living players.
Mr. Buckley was many years stage manager at the Odeon Theatre, Bal-
J. W. RAYNOR
JERRY BRYANT
CAMPBELL'S MINSTRELS (1848)
The original company was organized in June, 1847. Jerry Bryant and J. W.
Raynor were two of the original company. The other photos represent minstrel
scenes of that day.
94 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
timore, A-Id., and for twenty-two years he was associated with Tim Morris,
though he also worked with some of the best comedians in the country.
While Mr. Buckley was probably best known in minstrelsy, he also trav-
eled extensively with several prominent dramatic and circus organizations.
He is a skilled general musician, but was well known for his performances on
the banjo and guitar ; as an interlocutor and "straight" man, he ranked high.
Mr. Buckley retired from active theatricals in 1907, after sixty years of
active theatrical life ; truly a remarkable record.
R. Jean Buckley was born in Williamsburg, Va., November 24, 1834.
Billy Carter was not the father of the banjo, but he adopted it at an early
age, and has had it in his possession ever since. '
Mr. Carter first appeared in New Orleans as a performer, in the early 6o's;
he did black and white-face business at three dollars per evening, which wasn't
bad for a raw amateur. In 1865 your Uncle Bill sat in the middle and played
the banjo with the Louisiana Serenaders ; this was his first minstrel troupe,
and "Codfish Aristocracy" was the soul-inspiring ballad that stirred his
auditors.
After the afTair in which he sang about the "Finny 400," he joined the Great
Western Opera BoufTe Company ; this sounded good enough for a four years
engagement, but the truth of the matter is, it flopped in Lynchburg, Va., in
nearly four years less than that time; subsequently Mr. Carter and dear de-
parted Luke Schoolcraft (who was a member of the company) arrived in
Philadelphia in somewhat distressed financial circumstances ; fortunately our
banjo comique had a relative in the Quaker City; an uncle, I believe, and hunt-
ing him up, he took a violin and showed it to him. * * * "With this 85
cents they arrived in New York (Mr. Great Western had considerately pur-
chased transportation to the metropolis), and shortly after, he secured an en-
gagement at Hooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn, where he met with instant
success.
His next important minstrel engagement was with Simmons and Slo-
cum in Philadelphia, where he opened February 16, 1874. In 1878 he joined
Haverly's Minstrels in Chicago ; two years later he engaged with the latter's
Mastodons for the London invasion, but William was a bad sailor, and at the
last minute renigged. Subsequently he appeared with Thatcher, Primrose
and West's and with Barlow, Wilson & Company's Minstrels.
Mr. Carter was several years with Harrigan and Hart's Company in New
York ; with this company he originated the famous "Skidmore Guards," that
had such a vogue for a long time. He has played all the principal variety houses,
and most of the prominent vaudeville theatres. Will somebody please notice this
nice distinction?
Billy Carter was born at Parish St. Bernard, La., December 16, 1834.
Fred Abbott, a well-known and clever female impersonator, associated for
several seasons with Hooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn, Chicago, and the road
tours ; died in Boston, Mass., May 28, 1871 ; age 37 years.
Tim. Morris, an old-time performer who achieved recognition for his
delineation of the plantation "dark)'," was with many minstrel troupes prior
to his death in Providence, R. I., March 6, 1880. He was about 46 years
of age.
FROM "DADDY- RICE TO DATE. 95
"Fatty" Stewart (J. S. Crossy) famed for many years as one of the
original "Two Johns," made his first professional appearance in New York in
1848 as a comic singer.
About two years later he was a member of the Sable Harmonists. In
1854 he launched Stewart's Minstrels; and in 1873 he played an engagement
with Sam Hague's Minstrels in Liverpool, England. Mr. Stewart was the
author of many black face sketches, all of which have had considerable
vogue. He also built or managed several theatres, notably in St. Louis,
Providence and Philadelphia. Mr. Stewart died in St. Louis, AIo., May 23,
1905 ; age 71 years.
John Paul Crocker was one of the proprietors of Moore, Crocker, Ritter
and Hamilton's Minstrels, who gave their first performance at Chester, Eng-
land, November 14, 1864.
Mr. Crocker was a good comedian and well liked personally; he con-
tinued as a partner of the organization up to the time of his death.
John Paul Crocker was born in the United States ; he died in London,
England, December 17, 1869; age 35 years.
Aynsley Cooke, who was well and favorably known in operatic circles,
was a prominent singer with Bryant's Minstrels in New York City in 1861.
He was born in London, England ; he died in Liverpool, England, Feb-
ruary 16, 1894; age 60 years.
Frank Wells (Bernard Mundy) was a well-known and capable female
impersonator.
He was for a long time with Morris and Wilson's Minstrels in St. I^ouis,
also with Charley Morris and Add Weaver's Company, in 1863; later he was
with LaRue's Minstrels.
He died in Brooklyn, N. Y., April 25, 1874; age 39 years.
D. C. LaRue, a well-known minstrel manager, who had his own companies
in the 6o's, and during the same period was associated in minstrel ventures
with J. B. Donniker, Tom Prendergast, Archie Hughes and Cool Burgess,
died in Charleston, S. C, March 15, 1875; age about 40 years.
"Hank" Goodman, the old-time comedian, was a member of Gorton's New
Orleans Minstrels for many years.
In 1887 he retired, and later assumed the management of Goodman's
Opera House in Friendship, N. Y., continuing there until his death, which
occurred in that city May 14, 1908.
Nelse Seymour (Thos. Nelson Sanderson), made his first appearance in
his native city as a clown in a circus. His initial black-face appearance was
in the same city in 1861 as a member of Kunkel's "Nightingales," a promi-
nent minstrel organization, with whom he remained the season.
The following year he joined Bryant's Minstrels in New York ; January
26 following he opened with Wood's Minstrels, same city. He rejoined
Bryant's in 1863, and continued with them until the Fall of 1866, when he
96 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
became a member of Kelly and Leon's Minstrels, also in New York ; he
remained until May, 1868.
That same month he again joined Bryant's, and a few weeks later went
to England, where he opened with Moore and Crocker's Minstrels. Novem-
ber 23, 1870, found him back to Bryant's, where he continued until his death.
Mr. Seymour was exceedingly tall, and correspondingly slender, and in
the various acts in which he worked with Dan Bryant he was very funny.
He was equally at home, sitting on the end or in the middle on the first part.
Nelse Seymour was born in Baltimore, Md., June 5, 1835 ; he died in
New York, February 2, 1875.
M.VTT Thompson, a good general performer and "Essence" dancer, who
was with Mrs. Matt. Peel's Minstrels in 1861 ; died in New Orleans, La.,
August 21, 1867; age 32 years.
AL T. Skiff was a well-known and prominent manager of minstrel com-
panies. He organized a company bearing his name September 26, 1863, at
Alexandria, Va. In November the following year, with Low Gaylord, he
forrned Skiff and Gaylord's Minstrels, and as such traveled for several
seasons.
Mr. Skiff formed a partnership with Eph. Horn and Walter Bray in
August. 1869, and gave minstrel performances for a brief period. . In 1871
Mr. Skifif called his company the "Albinos." He later deserted the minstrel
field, and for several years traveled in an executive capacity with legitimate
attractions.
AI. T. Skiiif was born in New Bedford, Mass. ; he died in Baltimore, Md.,
June 13, 1890; age 55 years.
The Famously Funny Lee Dinner, as told by the late W. J. Florence to
Seen and Heard ; Philadelphia:
"Philip Lee," said he, "was the husband of the beautiful and gifted Adel-
aide Neilson, since whose death we have never seen a Juliet upon the stage
to equal her. Lee was the son of an English clergyman, and in demeanor and
apparel was a gentleman. He accompanied his wife to this country, not
as her business manager, but simply as her husband. He was a harmless,
pleasant, gentlemanly fellow, with but little knowledge of American ways.
It is not true, as has frequently been stated, that he knew so little of this
country that he expected to see buffaloes plunging down Broadway and
Indians tomahawking people in Central Park, New York, nor was his aston-
ishment at the absence of such surprising adventures the inspiring cause of
the joke of which he was made the victim. Its inception was in this way:
At the time Lee was in New York City, in the Fall of 1877, he was a patron
of the Fifth Avenue Hotel, where I was also staying, as I had been for years,
and Mr. Sothern was quartered at the Gramercy Park Hotel. One night the
three of us met at the Lotos Club, which was then far down town, and, as we
were about leaving there, Sothern and myself, desiring to pay the English-
man some attention, invited him to acompany us to the old chop house kept
by George Brown, and there have a bite and sup before going to bed. We
walked up Fifth Avenue together, and, as we were opposite the Glenham
BOB. SLAVIN
ED. H. BANKER
"HAPPY" CAL WAGNER
BURT. HAVERLY
SAM. HAGUE
EUGENE STRATTON
(1878)
JOHNNY SHAY M. T. SKIFF JOHN W. THOMPSON
A GROUP OF GENUINES.
98 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,'
Hotel, our attention was attracted by a disturbance across the way, evidently
caused by a brawl between a policeman and some jovial young blades. Lee,
who was very curious about everything he saw, exclaimed, 'Bless me! what's
that?' Mr. Sothern replied in the most nonchalant manner, as he continued
walking on, 'Oh, only another dead man.'
" 'Another dead man!' gasped Lee; "Lord bless me, what do you mean?'
"'Oh, that's nothing,' exclaimed Sothern, with a wave of his hand; 'I
stumble across them every night on my way home. They are killing men
around here all the time. I trip over them, but pay no attention to them, but
keep right on my way home. I don't care to be summoned as a witness before
the Coroner every day of my life.' 'Bless me!' exclaimed Lee; 'what a re-
markable country !'
ij< ^ * ^ ^
"We finally reached Brown's, and, having secured a table, we ordered
chops and ale. Sothern and myself had not prearranged any joke upon our
guest, but he had given me a wink, which I knew meant mischief, and I was
ready to play second to any part he proposed performing. While we were
eating, Sothern suddenly reached over and placed his fork in one of my chops,
attempting to remove it to his plate. I prevented this by the insertion of my
oVvn fork, and'then said, in calm but determined tones, 'Ned, I don't like that,'
to which Lord Dundreary responded, but not in the feeble tones of that stut-
tering stage nobleman, 'Mr. Florence, I don't care whether you like it or not;
I want that chop !'
"With that I sprang upon him with uplifted knife and grabbed my dearly
beloved friend by the throat, and he seized me in a similar way, while he
apparently made desperate efforts to cut my jugular vein. In the melee which
ensued the table was upset, and chops, ale, dishes, knives, forks and all the
other appurtenances descended upon poor Lee in a shower. Brown, the pro-
prietor of the establishment, who knew us both intimately, rushed forward
and separated us. and at his solicitation, he thinking we were entirely in ear-
nest, we finally shook hands and renewed our vows of eternal friendship upon
one another's bosoms.
^ ^ i^ ^\: ^
"That was the inception of the famous Lee dinner hoax. Sothern came
to me afterward and said he desired to give the Englishman a dinner at the
Gramercy Park Hotel, in order to introduce him to the customs of the great
American people, and said that the only part he desired me to take in it was
to be sure that Lee should be on hand at the appointed hour, which was noon
of the following Sunday. To this I agreed. I knew, of course, that some
sort of a joke was to be perpetrated upon Miss Neilson's husband, but I pledge
my word that I was not fully let into the secret, and was not advised of the
programme. At the designated time I escorted Lee to the banquet room,
which was on the first floor in the rear of the hotel office. I found out after-
ward that by special arrangement with Mr. Judson, the proprietor, the doors
and windows had been well padded and covered so that no noise within could
reach beyond them. The apartment was lighted with wax candles. Those as-
sembled were John McCullough, Harry Montague, J. S. Polk, Charles Gaylor,
all of whom had achieved fame upon the sage ; Dan Bryant and Nelson Sey-
mour, the most famous negro minstrels of their day ; Commodore Dickinson,
of the New York Yacht Club ; George Brown, of the chop house, which bore
FROM - DADDY" RICE TO DATE.
99
his name ; a gentleman named Cooper and, of course, Sothern, Lee and myself.
None other than these was present.
"The 03'Sters liad been disposed of," continued Florence, "and the soup
had just been placed on the table, when Charley Ga3-lor arose, and, in very
impressive tones, spoke about as follows : 'Gentlemen, I think this is a most
auspicious occasion to bring about peace between two men who, while stran-
gers, were once devoted friends. I do not think that rancor could exist in
any heart at a gathering of this kind. To be sure, it may ill become me to
act the part of a peacemaker, for, while it is true I have shed human blood,
DAM BRYANT
NELSE SJEYMOUR.
that my right hand has been red with, the gore of another, it must also be
borne in mind that I was triumphantly acquitted of the offense, and that a
jury of my peers said that I had acted only in self-defense.'
"You can readily imagine that this took the breath out of my friend Lee.
who had been seated upon my left. He whispered to me, 'What has he done?
Did he kill anyone?' I looked at him warningly, and put a finger on my lips
as I whispered back, 'Sh-h-h ! It was nothing; only his mother!' I heard him
mutter, 'My God!' as shrunk in his chair, and then he leaned toward me and
whispered, 'Of whom is he speaking?" As I didn't know myself, I couldn't
well tell him, but I warned him ofT by saying, 'You will learn it all in a mo-
100 • MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
merit. His words might apply to any two men about the board, because
every fellow here has killed his man.'
»j- ^- yf. ^ y^
"Just then Gaylor threw light upon the subject by saying, as he pointed
with one hand to that clever negro minstrel, Dan Bryant, and the other
toward that equally famous delineator of cork humor, Nelse Seymour, 'Of
course, gentlemen, it is hardly necessary for me to say that I refer to Amer-
ica's most famous poet, William Cullen Bryant, and that equally distinguished
gentleman, M. Seymour, the son of the talented ex-Governor of the State of
New York, Horatio Seymour, and I now request that these two gentlemen
shake hands across the table and let the bloody feud which has existed be-
tween them end here !'
"I had scarcely time to give an affirmative reply to Lee's whispered
inquiry. 'Is that really William Cullen Bryant?' when there ensued the most
remarkable scene which I ever witnessed in my life. I cannot, even after
many years have elapsed, think of it without the tears of laughter coming to
my eyes. Seymour was a man over six feet in height, and with legs the
length of which were absurdly out of proportion to the rest of his body. He
appeared to be split up almost to his neck. One of his most famous feats upon
the minstrel stage was to suddenly throw one of his feet about a man's neck
and draw the other fellow toward him. Upon this occasion Bryant, in obe-
dience to Gaylor's summons, had reached forth his right hand, when Sey-
mour suddenly threw that dreadful right leg of his across the table, caught
his friend and fellow-minstrel by the back of the neck, drew him toward
him and hit him squarely between the eyes. In another instant both men
were on top of the table amid the soup dishes, and were snarling and biting
and tearing at one another like a pair of bulldogs. Cooper and Dickinson,
who were not in the secret, became so alarmed that they got under the table,
while I could only hold Lee in his chair by main force. In the midst of the
contest the table upset and the poor Englishman was almost drowned in soup.
While Bryant and Seymour were making a mockery of struggling beneath
the debris, Seymour, by wetting his fingers of one hand, secured a quantity
of blacking from one of his shoes, and with this gave himself the semblance of
a black eye. When some appearance of order had been obtained a truce was
patched up between the combatants, and, after Seymour's blackened eye had
been bandaged, they were induced to shake hands, whereupon the other mem-
bers of the company, who were in the secret, exclaimed admiringly, 'Once a
gentleman, always a gentleman !' and declared that 'a true American gentle-
man can always be told by his willingness to settle a little difiference
amicably.'
"Lee whispered to me in tremulous indignation, 'This is most shame-
ful!' to which I replied, 'I don't see how you say that. There was no one
killed.' Thereupon he amended his remark by saying, 'At least, it was most
unfortunate. I am dreadfully sorry it occurred.'
"The table was got in shape again, and things moved along smoothly
and pleasantly for some time, until Polk and Sothern became engaged in
apparently a very angry and excited dispute about the merits of the North
and South, in the midst of which Mr. Sothern suddenly arose to his feet, and.
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D.W^E WILSON
WILL COX
CLARK GIBBS
HARRY W. SMITH
WILL LAX'AKE
'Wheeler & Wilson,'" "Will Cox & Gibbs," and some "Singers" ; nearly all
"Domestics." Try to play this on the machine.
102 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
drawing a revolver, fired it directly over Polk's head. Immediately a scene of
the wildest excitement ensued. In less than twenty minutes twenty shots
from revolvers had been fired across the table. Polk, Gaylor, McCullough,
Montague, Seymour, Bryant and Sothern were not only firing blank cart-
ridges from revolvers, but were brandishing huge knives over one another's
heads. Dickinson, Cooper and Brown had by this time discovered the affair
was a joke and simply added to the tumult. The terror of the Englishman
was almost pitiable. He begged to be allowed to go, but his friends were so
thoroughly in love with him that they would not let him depart. There was
upon the table at this particular juncture a large dish of asparagus, covered
with drawn butter, and most of the combatants, who were crawling across
the table to carve one another's hearts out, managed to get their hands into this
mess, and, while thus besmeared, they could take turns in jumping around to
where I was holding Lee in place, and, bringing their palms down upon his
shoulders, would beg of him to be seated and assured him that the difficulty
was simply a trifling one, and that they would regret it to their dying day
should he leave them. So frequent were these expressions of hospitality that
Lee was smeared from head to foot with drawn butter. I shall never forget
the spectacle that the lamented John McCullough presented on that occasion.
Having fired his revolver, he drew a long Roman sword from his boot, and,
with a swirl, cut off the neck of a champagne bottle as if he were decapitating
a foe, and then waving it threateningly over the heads of Lee and myself, he
exclaimed. 'Why does not the gallant Florence stand by his friends? Where
is his revolver to-night? I have traveled with him through the West, and
then he never went without his arsenal and scarcely a day passed without his
killing a man.'
"In the midst of the fracas, Seymour, who had temporarily disappeared,
appeared in the doorway attired in a white hat and apron, which he had pro-
cured from the hotel chef, and announced that the landlord declared that the
entire party must vacate the room. He had not finished his speech when
everj-thing on the table, including even the large, heavy dishes, was hurled
at him, and it is really a wonder that he escaped the shower unhurt. By this
time everyone in the room, and especially the Englishman, was a lamentable
sight to behold. Each one was smeared and crushed and tumbled and torn
from head to foot. Lee could stand it no longer. He got on his feet finally
and managed to say that while he had heard such scenes as he had witnessed
were enacted in the purlieus of the great cities of America, he was astounded
and disappointed to find that they were the custom among gentlemen, and
further said that he would have to leave to keep a dinner engagement. It
was 4 o'clock. I escorted him to the street and put him in a carriage to con-
ceal his dilapidated condition. W^hen we came to settle for this little joke, we
found that our bill was $600. The item for breakage alone amounted to $80."
Men will sometimes become boys again ; and very silly boys.
Note.- — Mr. Florence was in error in giving the date of the foregoing as
the Fall of 1877. Dan Bryant died in the Spring of 1875. — Author.
Ch.vrles Melville was of late years best known as a manager and agent,
but in his earlier days achieved considerable fame as a balladist in minstrelsy.
FROM -DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 103
As early as May i, 1856, he was with Raynor's "Christy" Minstrels, and
in November, same year, he was a member of Turner's Southern Serenaders.
The following year he was with Mrs. Matt. Peel's Alinstrels in the Sum-
mer; in November, i860, Charles Melville's Minstrels were on tour.
October 14, 1861, he began a brief engagement with Fox and Sharpley's
Minstrels in New York.
In an t.xecutive capacity he was associated among others with Col. T.
Allston Browne and Shook and Palmer.
In February. 1894, Mr. Melville occupied the position as ticket taker at
the Arch Street Theatre in Philadelphia, at the opening of that theatre in a
revival of old stock plays by George Learock.
Charles Melville died in Newark, N. J., July 10, 1901 ; age about 65 years.
Lew. Meyers (Buhmeir), is a name that is practically unknown to minstrel
lovers of to-day : yet to him belongs the credit of being the original "musical
moke," long familiar to variety and minstrel liabitiics. His first performance
of the act was given in Newark, N. J., during the season of 1852-53.
'He was likewise the first to perform the harmonica on the stage. He
went to Europe in 1866 with Hussey, Sweney and Felton's Minstrels. His
last appearance was at Los Angeles, Cal., January 27, 1874, where he gave an
entire evening's entertainment of one and a half hours' duration, during which
he performed on twenty-six different instruments ; and on one occasion four
at one time.
Lew Meyers was born in Minden, Prussia; he died in Pottsville, Pa.,
July II, 1875; age 40 years.
Jake Budd (Zebley), the old-time comedian, was with Buckleys Serenaders
in England, about 1855 ; subsequently with Dan Howard he ran Canterbury
Hall in Harrisburg, Pa., for several years; in 1862 he rejoined Buckleys; he
also directed minstrel companies in Ltaltimore and Washington. In 1872 he
was part owner of Brant's Hall in Harrisburg. Pa.; in 1874 he was stage man-
ager of the Comique in Washington, D. C. ; subsequently becoming the
manager.
The distinction of bringing before the public that famous song and dance
team, Welch and Rice, in the 6o's, belongs to Mr. Budd, and while it has been
said that he was the first to do a monologue in minstrelsy, the writer has no
means of substantiating the assertion.
Jake Budd was born in Philadelphia ; he died in Washington, D. C,
October 11, 1888; age 53 years.
J. K. C.\MPBELL (John Kelly), celebrated as a banjoist and comedian, made
his first appearance at Wright's Music Hall in New York City, in 1846, as a
youth, and playing under his own name. About 185 1, George Lea, the well-
known variety manager, suggested that Kelly take the name of Cameron, the
same as the prominent theatrical printer: a typographical error made it appear
Campbell ; and as Campbell it always remained, except for a brief period in
1859 and i860, when he 'vas with George Christy's Minstrels at Niblo's Sa-
loon in New York ; here he sat on the opposite end to Christy, and was on the
programme as J. K. Edwards.
In 1870, he was a prominent member of Hooley's Minstrels, in Brooklyn,
104 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
N. Y., and when Hooley opened in Chicago on January 2, 1871, Mr. Campbell
went with him ; with this company he did a song and dance with John Hogan,
of Hogan and Hughes; the latter being unable to play on account of illness.
He was many years associated with the late "Fatty"' Stewart, and iden-
tified with such prominent organizations as Moore and Burgess, in London,
England, and Buckley's, in Boston, where he opened in August, 1864.
Mr. Campbell was one of the great cards of minstrelsy; as a banjoist he
ranked with the best; his "Essence of Old Virginny" was Ai ; he was ver-
satile to a degree, and wrote several sketches, amongst them "The Rival
Lovers" and "The Lawyer's Clerk."
Miss Fanchon Campbell, the talented young actress of the present, and
who was a clever child actress at the time of Mr. Campbell's death, is a
daughter of his.
J. K. Campbell was born in New York City, 1835 ; he died' in Pittsburg,
Pa., February 6, 1878.
Joe. Buckley (Timothy Clancy), was a good general black-face per-
former. In 1857, he was with G. N. Eldridge's Great Southern Circus, and
for many years was associated with that style of entertainment.
In his earlier days he was associated with Joe Chatfield and Harry
Wells. Mr. Buckley, likewise, was in the stock at Tony Pastor's at 585
Broadway, '^ew York Cit3^ also with Harrigan and Hart's Company. At
the time of his death he was not engaged in his profession.
Joe. Buckley was born in Philadelphia, September 7, 1835 ; he died in
New York City, July 19, 1884.
Charles Henry, one of the oldest ballad singers in minstrelsy, was living
as late as 1886; he is said to have died in England.
Cn.'VRLES Templeton (Broughton). This well-known popular vocalist of
minstrelsy, began his career in Dundee, Scotland, in 1857, with Tom Lee's
Minstrels ; other succeeding European engagements were with the Pelham
Bros.' Minstrels and Templeton's African Opera Troupe, the latter in the
Spring of 1859; it was here that he took the name of Campbell, emulating
the distinguished Sher. Campbell.
In the Fall of 1859 he came to America ancf was engaged by Dan Bryant
for Bryant's Minstrels, at 472 Broadway, New York City ; at the suggestion
of Bryant, he took the name of Glendale, so as not to conflict with Sher.
Campbell, a warm personal friend of Bryant's.
Late in 1859 he joined Sanford's Minstrels in Philadelphia, resuming the
name of Campbell ; he remained there three years. Subsequently he became
a member of the following well-known minstrel organizations : Hooley "s, in
Brooklyn ; San Francisco's, in New York, six years ; a second and third en-
gagement at Bryant's, also Hooley 's ; Geo. Christy's, one year; Barlow,
Wilson, Primrose and West's ; Cotton and Reed's ; Cool Burgess' ; Carncross,
in Philadelphia; Neil Bryant's and Cleveland's. Also with such operatic com-
panies as Pauline Hall's, and E. E. Rice's; his last engagement was with
Camille D'Arville Company, about 15 years ago.
Charles Templeton was born at South Kirby, England, January i, 1835.
JAS. HOI.DEN
E. N. CATLIN
FRANK CARDELLA
BOB. HALL
EDDIE FOX
W. S. MULLALLY
E. J. CORNU J- B- DONNIKER CHAS. HUNNEMAN
SOME LEADING LEADERS OF MINSTRELSY.
\
io6 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Denman Thompson, famous for many years for his unique characterization
of Joshua Whitcomb, in the "Old Homestead," sat on the end with a minstrel
show many a time over 50 years ago ; and at the Royal Lyceum, Toronto,
Canada, February 6, 1857, he played Uncle Tom, in "Uncle Tom's Cabin."
"Hank" Parmley, the well-known old-time minstrel agent, died in New-
ark, N. J., May 7, 1902 ; age 67 years.
Neil Bryant (Cornelius A. O'Brien), was the youngest and the last of the
three famous brothers of his name that organized Br3^ant's Alinstrels, in 1857.
Oddly enough, less is known about the early career of Neil Bryant than
either of his brothers.
The earliest authentic record obtainable by the author is at the Ameri-
can Hall, Hartford, Conn., June 25, 185 1, as a member of Ordway's Aeolians,
a famous Boston organization: it is highly probable that Mr. Bryant was
with this company prior to the above date in the Massachusetts metropolis.
He continued with Bryant's Minstrels in New York until the death of
his brother Dan, April 10, 1875 ; subsequently he organized Bryant's Minstrels,
and gave intermittent performances on the road for a period of about seven
years. In 1851, the programme gave Neil Bryant as giving an accordeon
solo ; in later years he was almost exclusively identified with his perform-
ance on the fiutina.
About 1882 he secured a government position in Washington, D. C,
which he retained until two 3'ears prior to his death.
July II, 1859, Mr. Bryant married Miss Gertrude E. Ransom.
Neil Bryant was born in Keesville, N. Y., 1835 ; he died in Brooklyn,
N. Y., March 6, 1902.
Joe. Murphy (Wm. L. Murphy). It is pretty well known to theatre
goers in general, that Mr. Murphy's early career was spent as a minstrel in
California, where he drifted in the 50's.
As late as 1858 he was with the California Minstrels, with whom he was
associated many months in San Francisco.
In i860 with Billy Birch, a company bearing the name of Birch and
Murphy's Minstrels toured. In 1864 Murphy and (Walter) Bray's Minstrels
were in existence. Mr. Murphy then came East, and with Ben Cotton formed
Cotton and Murphy's Minstrels, opening at Fall River, Mass., about March i,
1865.
In 1867 he again went West, and late that j^ear was with Dan and Neil
Bryant's Minstrels, in San Francisco. A few months later he joined Morris
Brothers' Company, in Boston, and on April 20, 1868, made his appearance in
Nev.' York with Kelly and Leon's Minstrels.
Once more did Mr. Murphy take Horace Greeley's advice, and went
W^est, where in August, 1869, at Salt Lake City, Utah, with-Johnny Mack, or-
ganized Murphy and Mack's Minstrels.
His first appearance as a legitimate performer was made in San Fran-
cisco, September 16, 1867, as Pat Murphy in "The Happy Man."
It was in New York City, May 8, 1871, that Mr. Murphy first produced
his play of "Help," in which he impersonated a negro and other characters.
Subsequently "Shaun Rhue" and "Kerry Gow" brought him name and
fame, as well as wealth.
FROM "DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 107
Mr. Murphy married Miss Martha Shattuck in the early 6o's.
At San Antonio, Texas, November 11, 1909, he wedded Miss May
Firmiei, an actress.
Joe Murphy was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., May 16, about 1835.
J. W. Hilton was one of the favorite bass singers in minstrejsy.
He was with Bryant's Minstrels in New York, in i860, and continued
with them intermittently for several seasons. In the Summer of 1869 he went
to Liverpool, England, with Smith and Taylor's Minstrels, opening there
June 21.
J. W. Hilton was born in the United States; he died in Liverpool, Eng-
land, January 2. 1871 ; age 36 years.
James Unswoeth, or just "Unsworth" as he was more familiarly known,
was one of those rare performers who were concededly away ahead of the
times in which they flourished.
The word "great" may be truly applied to him, for while he excelled in
all he undertook, he was famous for his stump speeches, for his banjo solos,
and for his singing of Irish songs on the end, of which he was one of the first.
His professional debut was made with Sanford's Minstrels, in Philadel-
phia, August 10, 1857; he continued there until January 2, 1858, when he
left and joined Bryant's Minstrels in New York that same month. After a
few months with that company he went with Matt. Peel's Minstrels for a road
tour, and opened with them in New York, October 5, 1858; a few weeks later
the company was known as Sniffen's Campbell's Minstrels, with whom Mr.
Unsworth continued for several weeks.
December 6, he rejoined Bryant's for the season ; again opening there the
following Fall ; he left September 19, 1859, and later joined Anderson's Min-
strels, which had a brief existence. Early in i860 he opened with Hooley
and Campbell's Minstrels; here he met "Eugene," and a business alliance
was formed which continued uninterruptedly until death intervened, fifteen
years later.
He closed with Hooley and Campbell in New York City, January 26,
1861, and with "Eugene" and J. B. Donniker organized Unsworth's Min-
strels. A few months later he sailed for Europe, and subsequently joined
Rumsey and Newcomb's Minstrels in Liverpool : later going to Germany
with them. Mr. Unsworth remained abroad playing the Music Halls, also
a long engagement with W'ilsom and Montague's ^Minstrels, until the Spring
of 1868, when he returned to America, and again joined Bryant's Minstrels
in New York ; he remained two years.
In the Fall of 1870 he joined Hooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y., and
later went with that company to Chicago, opening January 2, 1871, for the
balance of the season.
Unsworth's Minstrels again took the road, opening September 2, 1871,
at Paterson, N. J. ; December 18, he returned to Hooley's, in Brooklyn, N. Y.
In 1872, he was successively with Moran and Dixey's ; and Moran's Minstrels
in Philadelphia.
In the Spring of 1873 he joined Moran and Manning's Minstrels, and in
the Fall of that j-ear again became a member of Bryant's Company in New
York for the season. Mr. Unsworth sailed for England in 1874, opening with
io8 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Sam Hague's Minstrels in Liverpool in the Fall of that year ; he remained
with the company until his death.
James Unsworth was born in Liverpool, England, July 2, 1835 ; he died
there, February 21, 1875.
Mazzellah Ainsley Scott is one of the oldest, and at the same time one
of the youngest looking minstrels. Mr. Scott, who has a keen sense of humor,
gravely declares that he was born in Nashua, N. H., July 26, 1820 ; he looks 60.
Mr. Scott sometime ago told the author that he (Scott) made his first
appearance on the stage at the age of three years as the child in "Pizarro";
then Mr. Scott had to catch a train, the author caught a cold, but managed to
get the following data :
In 1858 he was with the New Orleans Opera Troupe (a minstrel corn-
pany), the following year he was at Bryant's Minstrels in New York; he has
the distinction of being the only one living who was on the programme the
night that "Dixie" was first sung, September 12, 1859.
Mr. Scott was in partnership with Cool Burgess in a minstrel show in
1867; the same year he was with LaRue's Minstrels, also Lloyd and Bidaux's
Minstrels.
In 1862 he was with Sanford's Minstrels; in 1864 at the opening of M.
C. Campbell's Minstrels, in New York, June 27. He was with the San
Francisco's, also in New York, and with Duprez and Green's Company.
In 1884 he was with the opera of "Princess Ida"; in 1892 with Miss
Sidonie, as Scott and Sidonie played a sketch in vaudeville, called "Round-
sey, the Copper."
Mrs. Ainsley Scott died May 31, 1867.
When last heard of, a short time ago, Mr. Scott was a pedestrian.
Wm. H. Brockway was a well-known interlocutor of minstrelsy. He
was with Morris Bros ; Pell and Trowbridge's Minstrels in Boston in the
Spring of 1859, and continued with them practically until July 27, 1861,
when in conjunction with Charley Morris and Jno. E. Taylor, they formed
a minstrel company, opening in Gloucester, Mass., on the above date.
Mr. Brockway joined Kelly and Leon's Minstrels in New York early
in 1868, and continued with them about a year. He joined Bryant's Min-
strels in New York about 1871, and remained with them until the death of
Dan Bryant, April 10, 1875.
Mr. Brockway joined Hooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn about December
1875. He had not appeared professionally for about ten or twelve years
prior to his death.
W. H. Brockway was born in New York ; he died in Boston, Mass.,
May 25, 1888, age 53 years.
Joseph Gorton, Sr., entered the theatrical business in 1854, and has the dis-
tinction of being the oldest manager, in point of service, of any man in the
annals of minstrelsy.
Mr. Gorton assumed the management of the New Orleans Minstrels in
November, 1867; the company subsequently became known as Gorton's
Minstrels, and as such has continued up until the present year.
Joseph Gorton, Sr., was born in Friendship, N. Y., February 21, 1835.
"EUGENE"
(1858)
"THE ONLY LEON"
(i860)
ROLLIN HOWARD FRED. DART
THEY WERE FAMOUS IN FEMALE FRIVOLITIES.
no MONARCH^ OF MINSTRELSY,
O. P. Sweet, or Dr. O. P. Sweet as it is now, began his professional career
as a member of Mrs. Matt. Peel's Minstrels in i860; at that time he was
known as Tom Leslie.
The next four years were given to concert work. Mr. Sweet joined
Haverly's Minstrels late in 1864; March 17, 1865, he opened with Arling-
ton's Minstrels, in Chicago; two years later he was also with Arlington.
Another two years saw him a member of Buckley's Serenaders.
April 17, 1871, he opened in New York with Newcomb and Arlington's
Minstrels; a year later he was with Mike Leavitt's Minstrels.
Dr. Sweet has been practicing his profession for many years, but is
always glad to recall "Auld Lang Syne."
Dr. Sweet has passed the alloted three score years and ten — and some
more.
Theodore Jackson, the old-time interlocutor, who in his day was prominently
identified with many famous minstrel organizations, is said to have died in
Brooklyn, N. Y., a few years ago.
William Castle (J. C. Reeves), the great operatic tenor, and long promi-
nent in musical circles in Chicago, was with several famous minstrel organi-
zations, notably Hooley & Campbell's in 1860-61, and George Christy's in
1862. Mr. Castle was born in England, December 20, 1836; he died in Chi-
cago, 111., March 31, 1909.
Jake Wallace, the famous old banjoist and black-face performer, is said
to be living on a ranch in Southern California, in the neighborhood of San
Diego.
The author is willing to admit he envies Mr. Wallace.
S. S. PuRDY was a well-known and prominent comedian ; he excelled in the
song and dance of "Nicodemus Johnson," and as early as February, 1868,
in a controversy, he claimed to have been the originator of it.
In 1867 he was co-proprietor of Purdy, Coes and Converse's Riinstrels,
and in 1872 of Purdy, Scott and Fostelle's Minstrels.
In 1863-64 he was with Hooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn, and in 1867-
68-69 with Kelly and Leon's Minstrels.
About February i, 1876, he took out a company called the Purdy Com-
bination, which had a brief existence.
S. S. Purdy was born in Troy, N. Y., February, 1836; he died in Chi-
cago, 111., March i, 1876.
Low Gaylord (Lowrenzo Gaylord) began his theatrical career at the age of
twelve as a ballad singer with Green's Circus.
In the early 50's he organized Gaylord and Dupont's Minstrels in Phila-
delphia, where they remained for several years.
With M. T. Skiff they organized Skiff and Gaylord's Minstrels, giving
their first performance in 1864, and continued as an organization intermit-
tently until 1878.
Low Gaylord was born in Westfield, Mass., January 19, 1836; he died
in Philadelphia, April 7, 1878.
PROM ■■JKII'I'V RICH lO DATE. Ill
John P. Oberist was a well-known vocalist, and as a Tyrolean warbler, was
one of the best.
His first theatrical appearance was with the Twilight Serenaders at
Erie, Pa., June 25, i860.
In 1865 he opened with Kelly and Leon's Minstrels in New York, and
continued with them about three years.
Subsequently he was with Newcomb's Minstrels in 1869, and in 1870
joined the San Francisco Minstrels for the season.
Later he joined Harrigan and Hart's Company in New York, where he
remained until his death.
He was born in Buffalo, N. Y., 1836; he died in New York, January
17, 1882.
E. N. Slocum was one of the best interlocutors and actors in minstrelsy.
His first appearance was with an amateur company in Warren, O., in 1849.
About 1855 he played on the Steamer "Banjo" with Ned Davis' Min-
strels; subsequently he was with Hooley, in Brooklyn, N. Y., Duprez and
Green's; Skiff and Gaylord's and Carncross and Dixey's Minstrels in Phila-
delphia, where he remained several years. August 29, 1870, he opened with
Simmons and Slocum's Minstrels at their own theatre in Philadelphia,
where he continued until 1877, when he joined Carncross' Minstrels in the
same city, and remained several seasons.
About 1887 he joined Dockstader's Minstrels in New York ; this was
his last professional engagement, after which he entered the mercantile
business.
E. N. Slocum was born in Columbus, O., April 26, 1836; he died in
Philadelphia, October 17, 1895.
Charles O. White, the great theatrical manager, who had at various times
theatres in Washington, Memphis, Nashville, New Orleans, Brooklyn and
Detroit, began his professional career in 1852 in Washington, D. C, as a
member of the Cosmopolitan Minstrels ; later he was with the famous Eu-
terpians, and Sweeney and Parrow's Minstrels.
Mr. White was born in Alexandria, Va., December 25, 1836; he died in
Detroit, Mich., January 2, 1889.
"Eugene" (Eugene D' Ameli) was one of the most wonderful artists in his
line that minstrelsy ever knew ; his delineations of female characters were
so finished, so true to life, that the Germans in Berlin during an engage-
ment there in April, 1862, were emphatic in their declarations that he was a
woman.
"Eugene's" debut was made with Wood's Minstrels in New York, May
16, 1853 ; five months later, George Christy joined the company, which was
known as Wood and Christy's Minstrels until May, 1858. Eugene con-
tinued as a member all during this period.
Early in ]\Iay, 1858, he Avent to California with George Christy, and
several others ; they opened in San Francisco, June 7, under the manage-
ment of Tom Maguire. In January, 1859, he left there, under the manage-
ment of R. M. Hooley and George Christy ; returning to New York, he
opened May 22,, and continued until July, when he went on tour with the
112 MON.IRCllS Ol' MIXS'IRIUSY,
company ; they subsequently returned to New York, where on January 28,
i860, they disbanded.
On February 6, Mr. Eugene opened with Hooley and Campbell's Min-
strels in Boston, at their inaugural performance there ; with this company
he met James Unsworth, and the two formed a business alliance that con-
tinued until the death of the latter, just fifteen years later.
Early in 1861, Eugene, Unsworth and J. B. Donniker organized Uns-
worth's Minstrels; they disbanded at Ogdensburg, N. Y., in the Spring;
shortly after, Eugene and Unsworth sailed for Europe. On August 5, 1861.
they opened with Ramsey and Newcomb's Minstrels in Liverpool, Eng. ;
subsequently they played through the provinces and Germany.
Later they returned to London, where they played the music halls for
three years ; after which they joined Wilsom and Montague's Minstrels in
Liverpool, and played there for four years ; their last engagement there
was April 7, 1868. Mr. Eugene and his partner arrived in the United
States on April 28, and a few weeks later opened the season of 1868 at Bry-
ant's Minstrels in New York, and continued there for two years.
In the fall of 1870 he joined Hooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn, and on
January 2, 1871, when the latter opened in Chicago, Mr. Eugene was with
hirfi, and continued for several months.
September 2, 1871, he opened at Paterson, N. J., with Unsworth's Min-
strels at their first performance. December 18, they reopened with Hooley's
Minstrels in Brooklyn, remaining several weeks.
February 26, 1872, he began an engagement with Moran and Dixey's
Minstrels in Philadelphia, and remained until the end of the season.
In August he opened a three-months' engagement at the Howard Ath-
enaeum, in Boston, and on November 25, joined Frank Moran's Minstrels
in Philadelphia. At the conclusion of the regular season, the company
went on tour ; it was known as Moran and Manning's Minstrels, and "Eu-
gene" was a member of the company.
The season of 1873-74 was spent with Bryant's Minstrels in New York;
in 1874 he went to England and opened with Sam Hague's Minstrels in
Liverpool, where he remained until the death of his partner, February 21,
1875-
"Eugene" returned to New York the same year, and on September 13,
commenced a short season there with Cotton and Reed's Minstrels. No-
vember 15 he began an engagement with Carncross and Dixey's company
in Philadelphia, and continued there for four years ; the last season the com-
pany was known as Carncross Minstrels.
June 4, 1879, he sailed for England for a period of much needed rest,
playing but a few engagements. ,
In 1881 he returned to Amarica. and on October 17, he opened with
Emerson's Minstrels in San Francisco, closing in January, 1882 ; subse-
quently sailing for a Trans-Pacific trip with a variety company, opening at
Honolulu, May 13. The company disbanded in Shanghai, China, in August,
and "Eugene" returned to the United States in March following.
A year later he began his final engagement with the Leon and Cush-
man company, and in May, 1884, he made his last appearance on any stage.
Thus after a successful career of exactly thirty-one years, this brilliant
luminary of the minstrel firmament retired to private life.
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114 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
"Eugene" was born in New York City, June 4, 1836; he died in Brook-
lyn, N. Y., January 18, 1907.
Dick Parker, whose "banjoisms" attained wide popularity in the Metropolis
more than thirty years ago, began his professional career about 1854.
He was stock comedian at various times in New Orleans, Baltimore,
Washington, St. Louis, Boston and New York.
In 1871 in conjunction with J. E. Edwards and Jack Talbott, he formed
a minstrel organization bearing their names.
In 1889 he went to Paris, opening there with the American Circus.
Appearing in evening clothes, preceded by four supers, and announced by
the ring-master, Mr. Parker created a sensation.
In 1879 he opened what is now known as Keeney's Theatre in New
York, and controlled its destinies about four years.
Dick Parker was born in Troy, N. Y., in 1836; he died at Staten Island,
N. Y., August 28, 1908.
John A. M.\ck was a well-known comedian and song and dance performer
of the genteel order. He was especially well-known in California.
He was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., in 1836; he died in San Rafael, Cal.,
July 23, 1870.
D. W. Collins (Carpenter), who was associated with Jack Haverly in Toledo,
O., in the latter's early managerial days, died at Brooklyn, N. Y., May 20,
1869 ; age ^^ years.
Wm. S. Budworth was well known as a banjoist and comedian, and had
some repute for his Dutch delineations; his "Fight Mit Siegel" was best
known.
In the Spring of i860 he was with Wood's Minstrels on a road tour.
Mr. Budworth was with Hooley's ^Minstrels in April, 1864, in Brook-
lyn, and the following year he was also with Hooley at 201 Bowery, New
York City. He was stage manager for Tunison's Minstrels in Philadelphia,
in the 6o's ; with the Globe Minstrels at 728 Broadway, New York, in the
Fall of 1871, and in the same city with the San Francisco Minstrels in 1877.
Mr. Budworth was also with Emerson's Minstrels, and played frequent
variety engagements. His last appearance was with Tony Pastor about
twenty-five years before his death.
Wm. S. Budworth was born in Philadelphia, November 25, 1836; he died
at Mount Vernon, N. Y., January 24, 1908.
Sam Price (Valleau), was a famous old-time comedian, and especially clever
in the old negro act of the "Haunted House." He was a great favorite in
the South, where the colored folks would wildly enthuse over his perform-
ances. Mr. Price was with Mrs. Matt. Peel's Minstrels in i860, where he
made a hit singing "Pretty Gal in Blue," and playing the tambpurine end.
October i, 1866, he opened with Kelly and Leon's Minstrels in New
York at their initial performance there : he continued with them for a lengthy
period, subsequently joining Arlington, Cotton and Kemble's Minstrels in
Chicago. Mr. Price was also associated with many other prominent min-
FROM ■•DADDV RICE TO DATE. 115
strel organizations, but had not appeared much for some years prior to his
death.
Sam Price was born in Xew York State, September 6, 1836; he died in
Brooklyn, N. Y., August 28, 1907.
Charles Edwin Reynolds was one of the most original and unctuous com-
edians.
As early as 1859 he was with the Metropolitan Ethiopean and Burlesque
Troupe, and about 1862 was associated with Cool Burgess, and later Wally
Thomas in a company of his owil Subsequentl}' he was with Duprcz and
Green, Duprez and Benedict's : Lloyd and Bidaux' ; Newcomb and Arling-
ton's, and Sweatnam's Minstrels.
He was with Haverly in 1869 and 1879.
Charles Edwin Reynolds was born in Belfast, Me., August 8, 183C; he
died in Vineland, X. J., May 19, 1910.
Billy Arlington (Valentine Burnell), was one of the great luminaries of
minstrelsy. He achieved fame as a comedian, as a stump speaker and ban-
joist ; he was a good all round performer. Mr. Arlington's professional
career began in the So's.
February 20, i860, he opened in Xew York with George Christy's 2^Iin-
strels, and was associated with the latter practically until the formation of
Arlington and Donniker's Minstrels in .-Xugust, 1862; the organization was
subsef|uently known as Arlington, Leon, Kelly and Donniker's. Arling-
ton's Minstrels opened in Chicago in September, 1867.
October 3, 1870, Air. Arlington commenced an engagement with Welch,
Hughes, and White's Alinstrcls in Brooklyn, N. Y.
April 17, 1871, Xew'comb and Arlington's Minstrels opened in X'^ew
York for a run, subsequently for a road tour, November the same year, Ar-
lington's Minstrels again opened in Chicago ; the company subsequently
evolved into Arlington, Cotton and Kemble's Minstrels, and as such con-
tinued about three years. Mr. Arlington was with Emerson's Minstrels in
Chicago in the Spring of 1875, subsequently touring with them.
About Mr. Arlington's last minstrel engagement was with Bartlett's
California Minstrels in November, 1898. Billy Arlington was born about
1836.
Ed. H. B.\nker, one of the old and tried, and. "not found wanting" black-face
performers, began his professional career at the age of 10 years with Sam
Stickney's circus as a drummer; later he did nigger business in the ring.
He made his first appearance in Xew York at "Daddy" Rice's benefit
in 1853, doing a bone solo.
Mr. Banker was with George Christy in 1865 : and for some time stage
manager at Harry Enoch's Varieties in Philadelphia, and subsequently, at
the Olympic in Xew Orleans.
He was the author of several successful farces, notably — "Too Hot For
Comfort," the "Wig Maker" and the "Colored Policeman."
Mr. Banker is also credited with being the first performer of changing
from black to white and back again in a few seconds.
At the time of his death, which occurred under suspicious circum-
stances, he was with "The Xight Before Christmas" Company.
Ii6 MONARCHS OF MINSTIUILSY,
Ed. IL Ranker was born in New Orleans, La., December 23, 1836; he
died at Ahnneapolis, Minn., October 3, 1902.
Japanese Tommy (Thomas Dilverd), was a colored man, whose height of
^y inches made him a valuable acquisition to the many companies he was
associated with ; he was not dependent on this for his success, for he was a
good comedian, and played male and female roles equally as well.
Some of his principal engagements were with the minstrel organiza-
tions of Morris Brothers, Pell and Trowbridge ; Kelly and Leon's ; Emer-
son's and Sam H agues. His last appearance was probably with the Crite-
rion Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y., March 5, 1887.
Japanese Tommy was born in Brooklyn, N. Y. ; he died in New York
City, July 9, 1887; age about 50 years.
Prof. E. J. Cornu, the well-known and efficient musical director, came
to the United States in the late 6o's, and at once associated himself with
Hooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y. When the company went to Chi-
cago, opening there January 2, 1871, Mr. Cornu went with them, and was
with Mr. Hooley several years.
Mr. Cornu had been engaged by Mr. Hooley when the latter was
abroad, for Hooley's "Opera House" ; Mr. Cornu being under the impres-
sion he was to be associated with a regular opera company. When he found
he had to put cork on his face, for a long time he was inconsolable.
Prof. Cornu was born in Brussels, Belgimn ; he died in Brooklyn, N. Y.,
March 28, 1889.
Tommy Jefferson, an old-time banjoist and minstrel performer, who was
with Kelly and Leon's Company in Chicago in 1869, as well as many other
like organizations, had been retired many years from the profession prior
to, his death at Seattle, Wash, November i, 1897; he was 70 years of age.
James Roome was a fine banjoist and good general performer. He played
with various companies, notably Ned Davis' Minstrels in 1867.
He was born in 1837, and died in Brooklyn, N. Y., February 3, 1885.
Clark M. Gibbs was long recognized as an able black-face comedian.
His earliest professional appearance was with a circus when he was
eleven years of age.
He had been associated with some of the best minstrel companies, and
worked with several well-known comedians in acts, notably Cool. Burgess
and Lew Simmons.
He was twice married; a son, Clark Gibbs, Jr., who was also in the
profession for a time, is in Trenton, N. J.
Clark M. Gibbs was born in Chillicothe, Ohio, March 6, 1837; he died
in Trenton, N. J., August 20, 1901.
Ira Paine, the famous sharpshooter, played several minstrel engagements as
a ballad singer, notably Carncross and Dixey's in Philadelphia in 1862, and
the San Franciscos in New York, in August, I069.
&^/T^ift"^;\rr
A I'RijAIINENT BOSTON COMPANY; 1859.
LON MORRIS
J. T. TROWBRIDGE BILLY MORRIS JOHNNY PELL
A FAMOUS NEW YORK ORGANIZATION; 1865.
BILLY BIRCH DAVE WAMBOLD
WM. H. BERNARD CHARLEY BACKUS
Ii8 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
He was born at Hebronville, Mass., February 17, 1837; he died in Paris,
France, September 10, 1889.
W. W. Pierce (Billy McMahon), was a well-known young comedian of
promise.
In the Spring of i860 he played an engagement at Bob Butler's Variety
Theatre in New York, where he made a pronounced hit dancing the "Es-
sence of Old Virginny."
He died in Herkimer, N. Y., January 2, 1864; age 27 years.
Ambrose A. Th.'WER, a young singer who was promiennt with the Morris
Brothers, Pell and Trowbridge Minstrels, in Boston, died there, June 10,
1863 ; age 26 years.
Billy Quinn was one of the best dancers of his day, and played conspicuous
minstrel engagements, notably with Bryant's in New York, commencing
October 12, 1857.
He was the husband of the celebrated danseuse, Mary Blake, who sub-
sequently married Bobby Newcomb.
Billy Quinn died in New York City, November 29, 1863; age 26 years.
Cooper and Fields were one of the very best double clog dancing teams in
minstrelsy, as well as one of the earliest.
In 1864 they were with the Raynor "Christy" Minstrels, and the follow-
ing year they joined the San Francisco minstrels in New York ; subsequently
they were with Kelly and Leon's, and Buckley's Minstrels in the same city.
They played an engagement with Haverly's Minstrels in June, 1869.
James Cooper was in business in Paterson, N. J., several years prior to
his death. Hist last professional appearance was also in Paterson.
James H. Cooper died in Paterson, N. J., January 24, 1905, age 68 years.
William Fields died in New York City November 18, 1883.
SiG. Raphael Abecco gained distinction in minstrelsy chiefly for his excellent
performance on the harp : but was also a fine tenor singer, and a composer
of repute.
As early as October 20, 1857, he was with Matt. Peel's Minstrels, and
continued with Peel until the latter's death in 1859. August 27, i860, he
began a season's engagement at Sanford's Minstrels in Philadelphia ; in the
Spring of 1861 fulfilling a short season with Unsworth's Minstrels; he re-
turned to Sanford's for the season of 1861-62.
July 7, 1862, he opened with \\'ood's Minstrels in New York City, and
in 1863 Birch, Cotton, Wells and Abecco's Minstrels inaugurated their sea-
son in San Francisco. In 1865 he sailed for Australia and remained abroad
imtil 1872. January' 9, 1875 he opened with Simmons and Slocum's Min-
strels in Philadelphia, and the following season was a member of Simmons,
Slocum and Sweatnam's Minstrels in the same city. His last engagement
was with Emerson's Minstrels, December 25, 1878.
Sig. Abecco was of foreign birth ; he died in Chicago, 111., January 3,
1879; age 42 years.
"TACK" HAVERI.Y
Q^EE}f
ALL GOOD DRAVVNG CARDS— HI, LOW, JACK, KING and QUEEN.
FROM '•DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 119
Frank B. Converse. The name of Converse is indissolubly associated
with all that is great in banjo playing.
Mr. Converse began the study of music at the immature age of 6; at
14 he took up the banjo, devoting all his spare time to study. His first pro-
fessional appearance was with McFarland, in Detroit.
He joined JNIatt. Peel's Minstrels in 1856, remaining until the Spring of
1858.
Subsequently he gave banjo lessons in Memphis, Tenn. Later he
joined Mrs. Matt. Peel's Minstrels; March 19, 1867, with George Coes and
Sam Purdy, organized Purdy, Coes and Converse's Minstrels. Mr. Con-
verse at various times had schools in St. Louis, San Francisco and New
York.
He was the author of many high class works on the banjo, including
a book for beginners.
Frank B. Converse was born in Westfield, Mass., June 17, 1837 ; he died
in New York City, September 5. 190,3.
"Chuck" (Charles H.) Atkinson, one of the great bone players of
minstrelsy, when the artistic handling of them was an art, began his pro-
fessional career in 1847, being then known as Master Charles, a singer with
one of the early organizations ; shortly afterwards he was with the famous
"Yankee" Locke for a period of five weeks. What might be termed his
regular career began a little later with John Carle (Uncle John, the "Lively
Flea") ; he remained with Carle three years ; subsequently going to Boston,
where he was several years in stock.
He played frequently with the Morris Brothers in Boston, and suc-
ceeded Joe Murphy after the latter had separated from Ben Cotton ; Mur-
phy himself was a great bone performer, and Atkinson simply had to be good
to hold the position he did with so much credit.
Other engagements were Boyce & Mudge's Minstrels, 1866, and "Green's
Mocking Bird Minstrels" in 1871 : his last minstrel engagement was with
Sam Sharpley. He retired from the profession about 20 years before his
death.
Charles Atkinson was born at Limington, Maine, December I, 1837; he
died at Brookline, Mas%., February 2, 1909.
Tom McNally was one of the premier "leaders" and violinists of minstrelsy.
In 1859 he was at Burtis' VaVieties in Brooklyn, N. Y. ; the following
year he joined Cool White's Broadway Minstrels.
In 1861 he was with George Christy's company, and the same year was
also with William Christy's and Fox and Sharpley's Minstrels.
October 28, 1861, he was with Hooley's Minstrels at their first perform-
ance in New York. Mr. McNally was with Hooley also when the latter
went to Brooklyn, N. Y., opening in September, 1862 ; he continued with
Hooley several seasons.
Early in 1866 he was with Wood's IMinstrels. and on October 21. that
year, he sailed for Europe with the American Minstrels ; they opened in
London, December 5, 1866.
Subsequently Mr. McNally returned to the United States, and at vari-
ous times was associated with several prominent minstrel organizations.
I20 M ON ARCH S OF MINSTRELSY,
Tom McNally was born in Albany, N. Y. ; he died in Brooklyn, N. Y.,
May 25, 1872; age 35 years.
J. H. Haverly (Christopher Haverly) began his theatrical career in 1864
in Toledo, O.. where he purchased a variety theatre, and conducted until
December, 1866.
There are many to-day who think that the great showman, who was
the first to place minstrelsy on a gigantic scale, began as a minstrel man-
ager with Cal. Wagner in 1870. Such is far from being the truth.
The first performance of Haverly's Minstrels was given at Adrian,
Mich., August I, 1864; the season terminated at Ypsilanti, Mich., on the
25th of August, same year.
On October 8, 1864, Cool Burgess and Haverly's Minstrels were inaug-
urated at Toronto, Canada, and November i, it was again Haverly's Min-
strels ; it remained as such until December 27, following, when Charles
Mallory, who had a minstrel company, formed an alliance with Mr. Hav-
erly, and on the above date at Titusville, Pa., Haverly and Mallory 's Com-
bination Minstrels gave their first performance.
In 1866 Haverly and (Dick) Sands' Minstrels toured for several weeks,
and the following year Mr. Haverly assumed the management of Billy Ar-
lington's Minstrels. Haverly's Minstrels were again organized, and at
Peoria, 111., November 11, 1868, gave their initial performance; the season
closed in the Summer of 1869.
In the Fall of 1870, he assumed the management of Cal. Wagner's ]\Iin-
strels, and continued with them for three years, after which, in November,
1873, at Kansas City, Mo., Haverly's Minstrels began in earnest. Not sat-
isfied with one minstrel company, he purchased an interest from Tom Ma-
guire in Emerson's Minstrels in October, 1875 ; secured the New Orleans
Minstrels in 1876, and Callender's Colored Minstrels in 1878. In the mean-
time he purchased the Adelphi Theatre in Chicago, in 1876; the first of the
very many he ultimately owned or controlled.
October 21, 1878, he organized his famous Mastodons in Chicago; they
opened in London, England, July 30, 1880, at Her Majesty's Theatre, where
they played seventeen weeks.
In May, 1884. they returned to London, and made a tour of the Prov-
inces, where the final performance was^given in Glasgow, Scotland, late in
February, 1885.
Haverly's ]\Iinstrels continued for several years after that ; the last
company in which Mr. Haverly was directly interested began a season in
the Summer of 1898. His last amusement venture began in Brooklyn, N.
Y., May 11, 1901, where for a brief period he conducted a small museum.
"Jack" Haverly was a fine man and a lovable character ; none did more
for minstrelsy than he, and some of the greatest names in theatricals were
once associated with him.
He was twice married ; his wives being the Duval (Hechinger) Sis-
ters, well-known vocalists.
Mrs. Sara Haverly died at Toledo, O., March i, 1867; subsequently he
married Eliza Duval, who died in New York, July 4, 1910.
M. HOOLEY
CIIA.S, A. M0KRI3
AL. G. FIELD
GEO. R. GUY
D. C. LA RUE
HARRY ROBINSON
HEADS OF FAMOUS MINSTREL ORGANIZATIONS; PAST AND
PRESENT.
C22 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
J. H. Haverly was born in Bellefonte, Pa., June 30, 1837; he died in Salt
Lake City, Utah, September 28, 1901.
Add Ryman (John Addison Ryman) was one of the greatest burlesque
actors that minstrelsy ever knew. .
He was likewise famed as a stump orator, in which he was different
from all of his contemporaries.
His debut as a minstrel was made in 1859. In 1871, Hart, Ryman, and
Barney's Minstrels were organized. Subsequently he was with Emerson's
Minstrels in San Francisco, and with the San Francisco Minstrels in New
York about six years.
He left the above company with George Thatcher, and opened Thatcher
and Ryman's Minstrels in Philadelphia, December 20, 1880, as a permanent
organization.
In 1882 he took a minstrel company to Australia, remaining about two
years. He later re-engaged with Emerson's Minstrels, and in September,
1887, with ^^'m. Henry Rice and John Hart, organized a company bearing
their names.
Mr. Ryman's late years were with dramatic companies. Add Ryman
was born in Ohio: he died (suicide) in New York, June 27, 1896; age 59
years.
SiD C. Fr.\nce, famous for many years for his drama "Marked for
Life," in which he enacted a black-face part which was the principal char-
acter, was born in Landsport, England, October 4, 1838; he died in New
York, May 25, 1895.
The Norton Brothers made their first appearance as the Norton Family
in Roxbury, Mass., in 1848 or 1849 ; accounts vary.
Wash. Norton subsequently went with Ordway's Aeolians in Boston,
where he remained a long time. November 14, 1859, Wash, and Tim Nor-
ton opened at Bryant's Minstrels in New York.
When seventeen months later, Jerry Bryant died, it was Tim Norton
who took his place ; Wash, having left New York about a month previous
for England, later visiting Africa and Australia ; in the latter country they
declared he was the best burlesque dancer that ever visited their shores.
\\'ash. returned to the United States in 1866, and remained six years;
he subsequently made two other trips to foreign lands. The Nortons were
good comedians, and great dancers.
Tim Norton died January 25, 1862, in New York, age 24 years.
John Norton died in Philadelphia, Pa., January 24, 1868.
Wash. Norton was born in New Orleans, La., February 22, 1839; he
died in Shasta Co., Cal., November 16, 1899.
D.'\N. Shelby (]\Iacher). who was the well-known manager of the Adel-
phi Theatre in Buffalo, N. Y., and the Academy of Music and Columbia
Theatre in Chicago, at various times, began his professional career in Paris,
Ind., in 1853; it was there he first blacked up.
He played several minstrel and circus engagements until 1865, when
FROM "DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 123
he launched Shelby's Minstrels ; in 1868 he again put a minstrel company
on the road. Mr. Shelby was subsequently a clown in a circus.
Dan. Shelby was born in Gettysburg, Pa., January i, 1838; he died in
. Wilkesbarre, Pa., February 4, 1895.
F.WETTE Welch (Patrick Walsh). The career of this once celebrated
comedian which was suddenly and violently ended, commenced about fifty
years ago.
He joined Hooley's Minstrels in the late 6o's, and became a great
favorite in the Brooklyn playhouse. In the Summer of 1869 he was with
Haverly's Minstrels, and while with that company did an act which he
called the Musical Sensation, playing on a number of instruments, conclud-
ing by dancing a jig, accompanying himself by playing a flute at the same
time.
Mr. Welch next went with Kelly and Leon's Company, and in August,
1870, joined Buckley's Serenaders in New York.
The following month, commencing the 12th, he became co-proprietor of
Welch, Hughes and White's Minstrels, a permanent company in Brooklyn,
N. Y. : they continued there about a year.
^Ir. Welch subsequently appeared with Simmons and Slocum's Min-
strels in Philadelphia. He was with Haverly's when that gentleman organ-
ized his company in November, 1873, ^"^ with Neil Bryant's Minstrels five
years later. During an altercation between Mr. Welch and William Gould,
a vaudeville performer, the latter shot and immediately killed Fayette Welch
in Boston, Mass., March 6, 1892.
Mr. Welch was born in Galway, Ireland, about 1838.
James W. Lamont (Williams) was prominent for many years as a bari-
tone vocalist and interlocutor in minstrelsy. In 1864 he was with Sharp-
ley's Minstrels, and m 1880 with Kyle's "Christy's" in Boston.
The major portion of his career was spent in Philadelphia, where he
went in the 6o's as a member of Carncross and Dixey's Minstrels.
Air. Lamont died in Philadelphia, December 24, 1894; age 56 years.
"Leon," the dean of minstrel female impersonators, did a stump speech
with Kelly and Leon's Minstrels, January, 1870.
Pete Lee (Shea) was conceded to be one of the greatest tambourinists
in minstrelsy ; as a comedian, he was excellent.
As early as February, 1858, he was touring with Pete Lee's Empire i\Iin-
strels.
He joined Buckleys Serenaders in the 6o's, and continued with them for
several seasons.
August 28. 1871, he made his first appearance in Philadelphia, as a mem-
ber of Simmons and Slocum's Minstrels.
He was also prominently identified with the companies of Morris Broth-
ers, and Sharpley's. In 1872 he opened Bishop's Opera House in St. Johns,
N. B., renaming it Lee's Opera House, and conducting it for several years.
His last professional appearance was about 1878.
124 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
A son, Wilbor F. Shea, is manager of the Memorial Opera House, East-
port, Me.
Pete Lee was born in Cambridge, Mass., January 6, 1838; he died in
Eastport, Me., October 11, 1896.
J. R. Kemble (Taylor), one of the best interlocutors of minstrelsy, made
his debut at Paterson, N. J., February 2, 1863, with Hart and Simmon's
Minstrels, appearing under his own name.
Subsequently he joined the Morris' Minstrels, remaining five years.
Later he became a member of Emerson and Manning's Minstrels, and
after these artists separated early in 1870, Mr. Kemble cast his fortunes with
the latter in Chicago. In that same city (Billy) Arlington, (Ben) Cotton
and Kemble's Minstrels were organized in 1871, and continued there about
three years.
In 1875 Mr. Kemble was with Emerson's Minstrels in Chicago.
He was also a member of the Dearborn Minstrels in the Illinois Metro-
polis, opening August 21, 1871.
Likewise in Chicago did he join Haverly's Minstrels, March 11, 1878,
and September 16, same year, he began a brief engagement with Sweatnam's
Minstrels in Philadelphia.
Mr. Kemble then went to England, and was with Moore and Burgess'
Minstrels for about twenty years.
He married Miss Ella Turner, an actress, about 1870.
J. R. Kemble was born in Kent, England, 1838 ; he died in London, Eng-
land, June II, 1908.
George W. Charles, the old-time wench dancer made his first appearance
at the International Theatre in New York in 1852; subsequently he was
with Dave. Reed's Minstrels on Spalding and Rogers' boat the "James
Raymond," this was as early as July 18, 1856 ; after tliis he did sketches with
Billy Coleman. In 1869 he was with Carncross and Di.xey's Minstrels in
Philadelphia ; he remained there several seasons, and was a prime favorite.
Mr. Charles was among the earliest black-face prima donnas.
George W. Charles died in New York City, May 8, 1885; age 47 years.
Kit Clarke (Morse Myers) is one of the oldest living minstrel managers.
His professional career began in 1858 as a programmer with the Satterlee
and Bell Circus ; Mr. Clarke continued in the circus business practically for
twenty years.
In 1877 he became general manager for M. B. Leavitt's attractions,
and continued until 1881, in which year he managed the Gigantean Min-
strels.
His next engagement was with J. H. Haverly's Minstrels, with whom
he remained three )'ears.
Later he retired from theatrical life to enter mercantile business.
Kit Clarke was born February 21, 1838, in New York City.
Billy Allen was a well-known jig and "Essence" dancer in the 6o's, play-
ing some of the principal minstrel organizations of that period, such as Ar-
lington's; Fred. Wilson's; Mrs. Matt. Peel's; SkifT and Gaylord's; George
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126 MONARCHS OF iMINSTRELSY,
Christy's, and Carncross and Dixey's. He subsequently gave dancing les-
sons in Chicago. In his early career he was known as one of the best
dressed men in the profession.
Billy Allen died in Chicago, August 19, 1890; age 52 years.
Sam Cole, the real old-time black-face comedian, is in no way related to
the old king of that name ; though he has associated with them for many
years ; also queens and jacks.
Air. Cole is said to be amongst the living. But who has the address?
Lew Simmons has the distinction of being the oldest active black-face
performer in the world.
He commenced his career as an amateur in Warren, O., in 1849, play-
ing the banjo, in black-iace.
In 1857 Mr. Simmons went to Jake Beler's Music Hall in Detroit, Mich.,
where he did his little turn for one dollar per night, and four beer tickets ;
which being a minor, he was unable to use.
In December, 1859, he made his first New York appearance at the pop-
ular Melodeon. In 1861 he joined Hooley and Campbell's Minstrels, and
early in 1863 in conjunction with Bob Hart organized a minstrel company
bearing their names.
Subsequently he played an engagement with the Morris Minstrels, and
on August 22, 1864, made his first appearance at Carncross and Dixey's Min-
strels in Philadelphia, where he became a great local favorite. He remained
with that company until within a few months of the opening of Simmons
and Slocum's Minstrels at the Arch Street Opera House in Philadelphia
(which was built for them), August 29, 1870. Mr. Simmons continued at
this house intermittently until 1878. In the fall of 1875, Billy Sweatnam
was admitted as a partner, under the firm name of Simmons, Slocum and
Svveatnam's Minstrels; in October, 1876, Simmons and Slocum withdrew.
September 11, 1886, Simmons and Slocum's Minstrels again opened at their
old home in Philadelphia. In 1878 Mr. Simmons visited England and South
Africa professionally.
About twenty years ago he played Uncle Eph., an aged negro, in
"Shiloh."
He left the profession in the 8o's, vowing never to return, but he did,
in the early go's ; Clark Gibbs, Tommy Harris and Frank H. White, with
whom he is now playing vaudeville, were his partners at various times.
Did I say that he was one of the owners of the Athletic Club of the
American Association, which won the championshi]) in 1883? Well, he was.
Lew Simmons was born in New Castle, Pa., August 2y, 1838.
J. H. SuRRiDGE was one of the prominent singers of minstrelsy. His
first appearance was with Hart and Simmons' Minstrels early in 1863. That
same year he joined the Morris Minstrels, and in 1865 was with Raynor's
"Christy's."
In April, 1866, he opened with J. H. Clifford's Great American Min-
strels ; April 17, company closed at Troy, N. Y. September 10, 1866, he
opened with Sands and Herbert's Minstrels.
With Sweeny, Hussey and Felton's Company, he sailed for Hong Kong,
FROM "DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 127
October 11, 1866; storm tossed he returned to New York five days later;
another five days he again set sail for Ireland and England, opening in Lon-
don, December 5, 1866. Early in 1867 he went to play an engagement with
"Pony" Moore and his associates, also in London.
Mr. Surridge arrived back in the LTnited States, November 23, 1868,
and shortly after joined Kelly and Leon's Company at their New York thea-
tre. He continued with them when they opened in Chicago, March 2, i86g,
and subsequently was one of Kelly and Leon's "Associated Artists," after
these two performers went to England.
Later Mr. Surridge joined Hooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y., and
with Susie Galton's Opera Company played the Dutch comedy part, suc-
ceeding W. H. Crane.
On April 17, 1871, he opened in New York City with Nevvcomb and
Arlington's Rlinstrels.
Januarj' 22, 1872, he became a member of Arlington, Cotton and Kem-
Me's Minstrels in Chicago, and continued with them about three years, after
wliich he joined E. M. Hall, E. M. Kayne and Ned Wamhold's Minstrels,
April 10, 1875. That same yea*- Mr. Surridge rejoined Kelly and Leon's
Company, and continued with them when in February, 1878, they sailed for
Australia. He returned in February, 1879, and joined M. B. Leavitt's Com-
pany in San Francisco.
In the Summer of 1879 he entered the hotel business at Rockaway
Beach, N. Y., and in the Fall of that year joined Pat Rooney's Company as
manager.
The following season of 1880-81, was at the London Theatre in New
York. In the Fall of 1881 he went to Hopkins and Morrow's Theatre in
Providence, R. I., for a brief stay, leaving there to join Haverly's Minstrels,
where he remained but two weeks, when he joined M. B. Leavitt and con-
tinued with him as manager for the latter's attractions until 1883, when he
went to London, England, with "Evangeline," in which he played Cathar-
ine; this engagement was folk)wed by one with Moore and Burgess' Min-
strels, also in London.
Mr. Surridge returned to New York in February, 1884, and at once
joined the Leon and Cushman combination.
In the Fall of 1884 he assumed the management of Dick Gorman, in
"The Hand of a Friend." He piloted the same attraction season of 1885-
86, after which he retired from theatricals and went into business in New
York.
J. H. Surridge was born in London, England, January 27, 1838 ; he died
in New York City, March 30, 1910.
RoLLiN Howard (Ebenezer G. B. Holder) was one of the most cultured
and capable female impersonators of minstrelsy.
He appeared on the legitimate stage for about five years previous to
his minstrel debut, which was made with Wood's Minstrels in the Spring of
i860. In the Fall of that year, for a brief period, he was associated in the
management of Howard and Campbell's Minstrels.
February 4, 1861, he made his first appearance with Hooley and Camp-
bell's Minstrels in New York, and for several seasons played successful en-
gagements with nearly every prominent minstrel company there was.
128 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
About 1870 he left minstrelsy, and after a period in opera, played sev-
eral years in variety houses. In 1868 he played Topsy in "Uncle Tom's
Cabin," and in 1878 was manager of the jMelodcon in Philadelphia.
His last appearance was with his own company.
Rollin Howard was born in New York City about 1840; he died in Bos-
ton, Mass., June 19, 1879.
Master Barney (Bernard Scholar) was one of the greatest dancers in
minstrelsy. His first appearance was at Burtis' Varieties in Brooklyn, N.
Y., about 1858; he met Add. Weaver here, and was associated with him sev-
eral years.
In 1859 he joined Campbell's Minstrells, and subsequently with such
well-known organizations as Morris Brothers, Pell and Trowbridge, Mrs.
Matt. Peel's, Hooley and Campbell's and others.
July 17, 1869, was organized Dougherty, Wild, Barney and Mac's Min-
strels ; subsequently Hughey Dougherty retiring, the company continued for
a brief period.
In 1871 it was Hart, Ryman and Barney's Minstrels.
About that time Master Barney formed a partnership with Sam Rickey,
playing sketches, of which "Bad Whiskey" was the most successful.
They separated about 1877, and later he formed an alliance with Bar-
ney McNuIty, being known as the Two Barneys.
"Master" Barney was born in Bufifalo, N. Y., December 29, 1839; he
died in Brooklyn, N. Y., February 25, 1886.
James Glenn (McDonald) was a well-known vocalist in the good old days
of minstrelsy.
His first appearance was made with Sam Sanford's Minstrels in 1858;
he continued with him, chiefly in Philadelphia, until 1862, when he joined
Wood's Minstrels in New York, with whom he remained a lenghty period.
Subsequently he was with the San Franciscos in New York, and Hoo-
ley's in Brooklyn, N. Y.
James Glenn was born in Philadelphia in 1839 ; he died in New York,
February 26, 1870.
Billy Manning. Minstrels may come and go, but like the brook, the
name and fame of this brilliant performer seems destined to live forever;
for while more than three decades have passed since Billy Manning passed
away, each generation in his native city seems as familiar with his former
stage triumphs as those that were contemporaneous with him.
His career started in 1859, on the boat "Dixie"; where Manning, who
was very proficient with the "bones," played an end with a minstrel show.
In the fall of 1862 he was with Campbell's Minstrels, and on November
23. 1863, he joined Morningstar's company. The engagement was a brief
one, and he^next opened with Rumsey's Minstrels, with whom he closed
May 27, 1864 ; opening with Hooley in Brooklyn, three days later.
That same year he was with Morris and Wilson's Minstrels, and in i86;f
with Dan Shelby's Company. Engagements with Kunkel's Nightingales:
Haight and Chamber's Circus and LaRue's Minstrels followed.
In September, 1867, he joined Newcomb's Minstrels, continuing with
LUKE WEST
NED WEST
"LOOKING WEST."
ARTHUR RIGBY ARTHUR DEMING
A PAIR OF ARTISTIC ARTHURS
MASTER BARNEY SAM RICKEY
THEY WERE ALWAYS MASTERS.
130 MONARCHS OF MIMSTRELSV,
this company until the following Summer, when he left Newcomb, and in
association with Billy Emerson and Johnny Allen, formed a minstrel company
bearing their names.
May 22, 1869, Mr. Allen dropped out of the organization, which was
thereafter known as Emerson and Manning's. In January, 1870, in Chicago,
the partners separated, and Manning continued at the Dearborn Theatre in
that city with jManning's Minstrels, where he remained several months.
Under the financial management of Tom Foley, of Chicago, the company
went on tour in the Fall of 1871, giving their first performance at Xenia, Ohio,
October 19.
July 6, 1872, Mr. Manning severed his association as head of the com-
pany, which subsequently was known as Newcomb's Minstrels, in Cincinnati.
September 2, 1872, in that city, he began a brief engagement with Wm. Henry
Rice's Minstrels, and on October 28 he opened with Frank Moran's Minstrels
in Philadelphia.
At the end of the season Mr. Manning became associated with Moran,
and opened in Pittsburg, Pa., April 21, 1873, as Moran and Manning's Mins-
trels. Mr. Manning then went to San Francisco, where, June 30, he began
an extended engagement with Maguire's Minstrels, terminating February 21
following. April 6, he made his first appearance with Simmons and Slocum's
Minstrels in Philadelphia, where he finished the balance of that season.
His debut with Kelly and Leon's Company in Chicago was made August
31, 1874, where, with only a slight break, he played all that season.
July 12, 1875, he commenced a brief engagement with Neil Bryant's
Minstrels, and on November 8, Billy Manning, who was then far from being
a well man, began what was destined to be his last engagement, with his old
partner, Billy Emerson, with the latter's minstrels.
January 9, 1870, he married Mollie Williams, a well-known actress.
Billy Manning was born in Piqua, Ohio, May 15, 1839; he died in Chi-
cago, 111., May 19, 1876.
Charley Gardner (Bumberry), known as "Hop Light Loo" Gardner,
from the fact that he originated the black-face song and dance of that name
for the first time at an amateur minstrel performance in Augusta, Ga. ; this
was in the late 50's.
In 1861 he was with Duprez and Green's Minstrels, and later with Burgess,
Prendergast and LaRue's Minstrels. Early in 1867 he toured with "Cool"
Burgess with a minstrel company bearing their names.
Mr. Gardner played a brief engagement with the San Francisco Minstrels
111 New York, and with Emerson and Manning's Company in Chicago.
He was the author of the following songs: "Sift Sand Sal," "Walk Dad
Lou" and "Over in Jersey."
Charley Gardner was born in Toronto, Canada, July 24, 1839; he died
in Long Island City, N. Y., May 17, 1909.
Dick MgGowan was well-known as a banjoist and a comedian in the 6o's ;
during which period he was with Yankee Hill's Minstrels, Harris and Smith's,
Dick McGowan's, and some more. As Mr. McGowan failed to keep his prom-
ise and give the author more data, this sketch must necessarily be curtailed.
Sorry. Mr. McGowan was born in New York, December 28, 1839.
FROM "DADDY'' RICE TO DATE. 131
Johnny "Froggy" Pierce (Owens) was a well-known comedian anH had
been identified with various prominent minstrel companies, notably Ordway's,
in Boston, in 1859; Lloyd's, 1861 ; Rumsey's, 1864; Goes, Purdy and Con-
verse's, 1867; Emerson's, 1870, and many others. He died in New York, June
2, 1892 ; age 53 years.
John W. Thompson (Fitzpatrick), known of late years as a manager only
in the South and Southwest^ in his early days was a well-known black-face
performer, and a great jig dancer at a time when that style of dancing
prevailed.
Mr. Thompson's first appearance was made in Buffalo, N. Y., about i860.
At one time he was associated and did an act with Oscar W^illis.
He was manager at various times of theatres in Memphis, Tenn. ; Vicks-
burg. Miss., and Dallas, Texas, covering a period of 28 years.
John W. Thompson was born in Dublin, Ireland, June 4, 1839; he died
at. Dallas, Texas, February 27, 1907.
J.\MES Gaynor made his first professional appearance with Sharpley's Min-
strels about 1859, as second violinist.
He played several engagements at Hoole3''s Minstrels in Brooklyn, dur-
ing the 70's, where his banjo playing met with pronounced success ; he was
equally prominent during the same period at the Howard in Boston. Novem-
ber 29. 1876. Gaynor and Mudge's (Hank) opened at Butler, Pa.
Mr. Gaynor was also with Mrs. Matt. Peel's Minstrels in May, i860.
James Gaynor was born in Troy, N. Y., about 1839; he died in Brooklyn,
N. Y., May 29, 1906.
John T. Boyce was one of the best blac!:-face comedians of his day, and
one of the earliest performers to sing an Irish song on the end.
His first appearance was with Birch, Bowers and Fox's Minstrels in
California, about 1857; later he was a performer on the steamer "Banjo,"
which plied the Mississippi. Mr. Boyce afterward appeared with such well-
known organizations as Woods, in New York ; Hooley's, in Brookh-n, and
Sanford's.
May 7, 1866, with Hank Mudge, he launched Boyce arid Mudge's Min-
strels, and later was a member of Grififin and Christy's Minstrels.
His last appearance was in June, 1867.
John T. Boyce was born in Covington, Ky., about 1839; he died in
Brooklyn, N. Y., June 11, 1867.
"Marsh" Adams (Marshall Anderson), an excellent and most natural
delineator of the old Southern darky, began his stage career at the Race
Street Varieties, Cincinnati, in the late 6o's ; he remained there until 1871,
when he joined the Hart, Ryman and Barney Minstrels : for a brief period he
did an act with Milt. Barlow. In 1873 he went to the Metropolitan Theatre in
Indianapolis, remaining until 1878 : subsequently he was identified with va-
rious circuses, also Haverly's Minstrels; and for a time with Walter Le Roy.
It is said that he was the first to sing "Old Black Joe" as a character
song.
His last appearance was April 15, 1885.
132 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
:Marsh Adams was born in Louisville, Ky., January ii, 1839; he died in
Indianapolis, Ind., May 11, 1885.
Charles E. Dorson was one of the great banjoists of minstrelsy.
His first appearance was at Winsted, Conn., in 1856, with Sam Hague's
Concert Company.
Subsequently he played in the stock of the old Chatham Theatre, New
York, and later played in the orchestra of Wallack's Theatre, same city, at
Thirteenth and Broadway.
In 1867 he went to Europe, under the management of Corbin and Wall;
while there he again joined Sam Hague's Georgia IMinstrels, playing London
and the provinces. On his return to the Lhiited States he played all the prin-
cipal variety houses, later organized the Dobson Bros. Minstrels. Mr. Dobson
was also associated in a business capacity with the Worrell Sisters, the Chap-
man Sisters, and the Wallace Sisters : with the latter he was with in 1878.
]\Iarch 29, 1879. he married Minnie \\"allace. They had a son, Frank Wal-
lace, a clever black-face performer.
About twenty-five years ago Mr. Dobson won a gold medal in a banjo
tournament at Madison Square Garden, New York City.
Chas. E. Dobson was born in New York City, July 21, 1839; h^ died
there January 18, 1910.
Lew Benedict. The name of Lew Benedict is one of the most prominent
in minstrelsy : as an end man and stump speaker he excelled, but he was
equally at home in anything he undertook.
Mr. Benedict's first appearance was in the late 5o"s, when he danced the
"Essence" ; he was then known as Johnny Hodson.
But his real professional career commenced April 6, 1861, when he joined
Duprez and Green's Minstrels ; he continued with them until 1865, when he
bought out Mr. Green's interest : the organization was then known as Duprez
and Benedict's Minstrels until 1876, when Mr. Benedict and Mr. Duprez dis-
solved partnership.
Mr. Benedict then joined Kelly and Leon's Minstrels in New York City
in the Spring of 1876; he remained until September 16; five days later he
opened at Newark, N. J., with Benedict's Minstrels ; the company closed at
Washington, D. C, December 30, 1876; he subsequently returned to Kelly
and Leon's.
In 1878 he ran a variety theatre in Milwaukee, Wis.
Mr. Benedict was with Leavitt's Gigantean Minstrels in 1881, and in
later years with Cleveland's, Vogel's, Gorman Bros., and Great Barlow
Minstrels.
April 17, 1871. he married Eva De La Motta, at Mansfield, Ohio, and
on February 17, 1881, in New York City, he married Miss Fanny Mouris.
Of late years Mr. Benedict has been playing vaudeville.
Lew Benedict was born in Kingston, Canada, December 6, 1839.
Carl Rudolph (Wilbur Fiske Barrell), one of the most prominent balladists
in minstrelsy, began his career in St. Louis, Mo., doing concert work ; from
which it was but a short step to burnt-cork honors.
LEW.— HAWKINS & COLLINS— BEN.
LAMONT & DUCROW
GEO. & WTLI.TE GUY
(1866)
JNO. P.— HOGAN & HUGHES— RUEY
(1871)
134 » MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Mr. Rudolph was one of the original members of Billy Emerson's Min-
strels, February ii, 1870.
In the Summer of 1872 he was with Sam Sharpley in New York, and
that same year in the same city rejoined Emerson.
In August, 1877, Mr. Rudolph was with Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and
West's Minstrels at the initial performance of that organization.
Season of 1873 he joined Bryant's Minstrels in New York City; the
major portion of the balance of his theatrical career was spent in Philadelphia
with Carncross' Minstrels.
Carl Rudolph was born in Aspenham, Mass., October 29, 1839; he died
in Brooklyn, N. Y., August 8, 1909.
J. K. Buckley (Kiley), noted for his splendid execution on the Tianjo, an
the use of the supplementary fifth string, first played the banjo in 1861. On
June 6, 1868, he launched Buckley's Minstrels at Newark, N. J.
He was one of Haverly's 12 banjoists, and went to Europe with the Mas-
todons, opening at Drury Lane Theatre, London, July 31, 1880.
He was associated with the late John M. Turner for a considerable period ;
the partnership dissolved November 11, 1876.
J. K. Buckley was born in New York City January 21, 1839.
Joseph H. Childs was equally well known to dramatic, variety and minstrel
patrons, and up to about ten years before his death was considered one of the
best clog dancers before the public.
In 1877-78 he was in the stock at the National Theatre, Cincinnati.
Jos. H. Childs was born in England; he died in Cincinnati, Ohio, Novem-
ber 10, 1880; age 41 years.
Wally Thomas, prominent as a jig and clog dancer, a fine drummer and
a good all-round general performer of Sharpley 's Minstrels in the early 6o's,
died at Lowell, Mass., May 29, 1864; age 25 years.
Lewis J. Donnelly, well-known in his day as a first-class black-face female
impersonator, died in New York City, October 26, 1869; age 30 years.
Gus Howard was a pupil of George Christy, and made his first appearance
with Wood and Christy's Minstrels in New York in 1855.
He was an exceptionally versatile performer, and excelled as a banjoist
and tambourinist. He continued as a member of the above company until
May, 1858, Geo. Christy seceding and going to California. Howard went
with him, and continued with Christy until 1861, when he joined Unsworth's
Minstrels, also Hooley and Campbell's.
For about five years prior to his death he had been with the Wallace
Sisters Combination.
Gus Howard died in Alexandria, Va., March 27, 1874 ; age about 35 years.
Warren Richards (Richard A. Warren) was well-known as a tenor singer
with Dliprez and Benedict's Minstrels about forty years ago; he was with
them for a lengthy period. He was born in New Orleans, and died in New
York City, June 15, 1876.
PROM '•DADDV RICE TO DATE. 135
L. MoRRiSEY (Morrisey B. Little), a well-known and capable song and dance
performer, joined Johnny Allen's Minstrels about 1870.
He formed a partnership with Fred Emerson, and as Morrisey and Emer-
son opened at Bryant's Minstrels, New York, September 4, 1871, and con-
tinued there until the Spring of 1873, when the team separated.
Mr. Morrisey played the variety houses until his death in New York,
February 8, 1881.
James G. Russell (Grant), the well-known vocalist, commenced his min-
strel career about 1870 in New York, and successfully appeared in the com-
panies of Carncross and Dixey in Philadelphia; Emerson's, Geo. Thatcher's
and Bryant's.
He died in Richmond, Va., May 5. 1883.
J. K. Silver, of the famous Silver Brothers, was prominent for many years
in minstrel and concert work.
He died at Williamsburg, Mich., May 11, 1885.
Billy Burr (\V. W. H. Burrows), an old-time performer, who was excellent
in negro acts, made his first appearance with Andy Williams in Gardner and
Hemming's Circus. He played with various organizations until his retire-
ment about 1875.
He was born in Reading, Pa., November, 1840; he died at Gwynedd, Pa.,
January 30, 1881.
Tom. Warfield (J. B. Hersey), the old-time banjoist and black-face
performer, entered the profession in his native city.
He was with several minstrel shows, also had his own company. War-
field and Wicks Minstrels.
He married Minnie Chapin in Baltimore, Md., in August, 1876.
Tom Warfield was born in New Orleans, La. ; he died in Birmingham,
Ala., November 12, 1899.
Queen and West constituted one of the great song and dance teams in
minstrelsy. Thej^ formed a partnership about 1868, which was terminated by
the death of Mr. Queen.
Together they played several prominent minstrel engagements, and later
wtnt to Harrigan and Hart's in New York, where Mr. West remained, all
told, about twenty-two years.
Mr. Queen was an exceptionally clever black-face comedian, while Mr.
West, in addition to his ability as a dancer and comedian, was proficient on
the banjo.
John Queen made his first appearance as a clog dancer in Boston with
Morris Bros., Pell and Trowbridge's Minstrels. While with that company,
he, in conjunction with R. ]\L Carroll, did the first double clog dance ever
seen in minstrelsy.
William West began his theatrical career in 1857 as' a black-face per-
former, and until about 1863 played mostly with circuses.
His first minstrel engagement was with Duprez and Green. Subsequently
136 • MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
he played with Hooley at the Novelty Theatre in Brooklyn ; with the San
Francisco's in New York, and with Bryant's, Wood's, and Morris Brothers.
Mr. West's last stage appearance was about 1901.
John Queen (McQueeny) was born in St. Albans, Vt., November 19,
1843; he died in New York, February 11, 1884.
William West (Cox) was born in Leicester, England, May 3, 1837.
Charles E. Gibbons, an excellent clog dancer, was with Carncross and
Dixey's ]\Iinstrels in Philadelphia, in 1869 ; subsequently he joined the San
Franciscos in New York, where he remained several years. His wife was
Effie Germon, the well-known actress.
He died in New York City June 27, 1882 ; age 40 years.
Ned Reed was well-known mostly in the middle west, as g capable comedian.
His first appearance was made in his native city about i860.
In 1862 he organized a minstrel company, and subsequently he traveled
with John Robinson's Circus, remaining about four years, after which, in
1866, he appeared with Kelly and Leon's Minstrels in Chicago. About 1867
Mr. Reed married Miss Ada St. Clair.
He had at various times conducted theatres in Terre Haute and Ft.
Wayne, Ind. ; Syracuse, N. Y., and Dayton, Ohio, where for eighteen years
he was a resident, during which period Mr. Reed's hand was frequently in his
pocket to help those less fortunate than himself.
Ned Reed was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, September 27, 1840; he died in
Dayton, Ohio, November 27, 1891.
C. W. Princle was for many years associated in the management of
Richard's and Pringle's Colored Minstrels, a popular organization. He died
in Marysville, Cal., March 18, 1893.
Billy Gr.vv (Cornelius O'Donnell) was well-known as a versatile black-
face comedian. He entered the variety profession about 1862.
In 1873 he joined Harry Robinson's Minstrels, and two years later was
with Hooley in Brooklyn, N. Y. Subsequently he joined the company of
Harrigan and Hart in New York, where he long remained.
Billy Gray was born in Ireland ; he died in New York, November 21, 1882.
Billy Remington, a prominent black-face performer, who was an especially
clever bone player, died at Grand Rapids, Mich., April 16, 1870.
Peasley and Hughes were a well-known blace-face song and dance team of
the variety and minstrel stage, where they played many notable engagements.
Mr. Peasley was also of Peasley and Fitzgerald; they opened with the
Dearborn Minstrels in Chicago, August 21, 1871.
John A. Peasley died in Syracuse, N. Y., April 22, 1893.
]\Iark Hughes died in Chicago, 111., February 6, 1882 ; age 34 years.
*
William Dwyer was a well-known tenor singer, and played successful en-
gagements with Bryant's, and the San Francisco's in New York, and Simmone
and Slocum's Minstrels in Philadelphia.
BILLY DE RUE BOBBY DE RUE
(DE RUE BROS.)
BERT. LEIGHTON FRANK LEIGHTON
(LEIGHTON BROS.)
BILLY FREEZE
LARRY FREEZE
(FREEZE BROS.)
138 MONARCtIS OF MINSTRELSY.
He was born in Dublin, Ireland ; he died in Washington, D. C, Decem-
ber 30, 1898.
In the author's possession is a document dated July 17, 1850, wherein
one James Norris purchased a fourth interest in a prominent minstrel com-
pany of that day for $200.00. Imagine what a similar interest in Lew Dock-
stader's Minstrels would cost to-day.
"Cool" Burgess (Colin Burgess) was one of the most famous names in
minstrelsy. Tall and slender, with long, drooping moustache, he provoked
merriment at sight.
He first appeared professionally in his native city about 1857, at the Mel-
odeon.
Subsequently he was identified with many minstrel organizations,
an.jngst the earliest was Burgess and (J. E, J Green's. About the closing of the
Reb'.'lion he joined Hooley's Company in Brooklyn, where he became quite
popular.
In 1865 he was one of the proprietors of Burgess, (T. B.) Prendergast,
(Archie) Hughes and (D. C.) LaRue's Minstrels.
In 1867, in conjunction with his fellow townsman, Charley Gardner, he
organized Burgess and Gardner's Minstrels.
In 1864 he was associated with J. H. Haverly in an organization bearing
their name.
In the Summer of 1867, Burgess and (Ainsley) Scott's Minstrels had a
brief existence.
(Charley) Reynolds, (John D.) Newcombe and Burgess' Minstrels gave
their first performance September 24, 1862.
On August 9, 1869, Mr. Burgess made his appearance with Sam Sharp-
ley's Minstrels in Boston, and the following month, in the same city, he
joined Delehanty and Hengler's Company.
In the Fall of 1879 he opened with Joe Norcross' California Minstrels.
In 1875 he made his first appearance in England at Sam Hague's Min-
strels in Liverpool ; subsequently he played a successful engagement with
Moore and Burgess in London.
Like most prominent performers Mr. Bfirgess has a specialty in which
he was prominently identified — in his case it was "Xicodemus Johnson," in
which he danced with abnormally long shoes, he being th€ first to adopt the
massive footgear.
Mr. Burgess married Miss Edna S. Taylor May 20, 1862.
In the passing of "Cool" Burgess, minstrelsy lost one of its most bril-
liant stars.
"Cool" Burgess was born in Toronto, Canada, December 20, 1840; he
died there October 20, 1905.
H.\NK MuDGE (Henry Tyler Mudge) is one of the few old-timers left.
]\Ir. Mudge, who ranked with the great clog dancers of his day, made
his first appearance in minstrelsy with the Porter Opera Troupe at Hartford,
Conn., in 1857.
In 1859 he was at Captain John Smith's Theatre in Albany, N. Y. Mr.
FROM "DADDV RICE TO DATE. 139
Miidge avers that this Smith was in no way related to the party in Virginia
that was smitten with the charms of one Pocahontas.
But to continue ; in i860 he joined Sam Sharpley's Minstrels, and later
went to Boston, where he became identified with the famous Morris Bros.,
Pell and Trowbridge Minstrels in that city.
Mr. Mudge was associated with A. C. Stone, and as Mudge and Stone
were rated as two of the best clog dancers in minstrelsy ; likewise when with
Hoolcy's Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y., did he do a great dancing act with
Archie Hughes.
In New York he played successful engagements with Wood's, and Kelly
and Leon's Minstrels.
October 11, 1866, Mr. Mudge with a party sailed for Hong Kong: Oc-
tober 16, 1866, Mr. Mudge arrived in New York. This might possibly strike
the average observer as a quick trip ; but the fact is that owing to the peevish-
ness of old ocean, the mintsrels floundered around on its huge bosom for
several days, finally landing them where they started.
In five days the party recovered, and on October 21 they again set sail ;
this time for old England, where they arrived in due time, and after engage-
ments on Erin's Isle, Hussey, Sweney and Felton's Minstrels opened in
London, England, December 5, 1866.
Mr. Mudge subsequently played an extended engagement with Moore,
Crocker and Ritter's Minstrels in the British metropolis.
In 1866 Boyce and Mudge's Minstrels made a bid for favor ; later Hogan
and Mudge's troupe did likewise, and in 1876 Mudge and Gaynor's Minstrels
toured.
Mr. Mudge's last tour was in connection with Dave Reed's New York
combination in 1887.
Hank Mudge was born in Tro}^ N. Y., March 12, 1840.
D. L. Morris, one of the greatest German comedians there ever was, played
with Haverly's Minstrels in 1875; and as Haverly's "Black Dutchman" scored
a big success ; he was also with another minstrel organization.
He died at Cape Girardeau, Mo., August 5, 1879.
Robert McWade, whose great characterization of Rip, in "Rip Van Winkie"
has made him world famous, wrote a burlesque on P. T. Barnum's "What Is
It?" for Hooley and Campbell's Minstrels in New York, which was producea
December 3, i860.
During the week, owing to the indisposition of James Unsworth, Mr.
INIcWade assumed the title role of "Africanus Barnum O," and played it in
black face ; and 'tho fifty years have elapsed, Mr. McWade still speaks
of this occasion with evident relish and satisfaction.
John H. Ward was a splendid dancer, and in the early 6o's partner of Wm.
H. Delehanty, prior to the latter's association with Thos. Hengler.
He died in East Saginaw, Mich., March 15, 1874.
Dave Wilson was a good comedian and gave a fine portrayal of the aged
darky, but his principal fame rested on his manipulation of the bones, of
which he was a master.
I40 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
He was with Newcomb's Minstrels in 1869, and Kelly and Leon's in
1875 ; he retired shortly after that, and is said to be living in Buffalo, N. Y.
Neil Price, a black-face performer, whose fame chiefly was gained as author
of "A Boy's Best Friend Is His Mother," died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Novem-
ber S, 1889.
Harry G. Richmond (Augustus Von Boyle) was an exceedingly versatile
performer; a good vocalist, dancer and comedian. His principal minstrel
engagement was with Haverly in the Spring of 1878.
In Philadelphia, on October 29, 1879, during an altercation with an old
friend. Dan Archer, Richmond, in pure self-defense, killed Archer.
Mr. Richmond, in conjunction with his brother, Acland Von Boyle, took
out the play of "Our Candidate," about 1879.
On May i, 1880, he married Miss Florence Stover, an actress.
Harry G. Richmond was born in Brooklyn, N. Y. ; he died in Camden,
N. J., October 21, 1885.
A. C. Stone was an exceptionally good clog dancer, and in the early 6o's
a partner of "Hank" Mudge, under the team name of Stone and Mudge.
In 1865 he was with Sharpley's Ironclads ; at the time of his death with
LaRue's Minstrels.
He died at Frankfort, Ky., November 13, 1866.
George Wilkes (Miller), a well-known female impersonator of several
early minstrel organizations, was born in Philadelphia ; he died in Memphis,
Tenn., October i, 1870.
Fred Sprung was a well-known vocalist and "straight" man in the 6o's,
during which period he worked in acts with Billy Manning. In 1864 he was
with Rumsey's Minstrels, and in September of the following year Avith a small
company, gave a show over the mountains of California, being one of the first
to do so.
He died in San Jose, CaL, February 26, 1890.
John Pendy (Prendergast ), a well-known black-face performer in the old
variety days, married Jeffreys Warner, and played as Pendy and Warner for
several years.
He died in New York City November 16, 1902.
Frank Girard (Giraud). This well-known interlocutor and "straight
man" began his careef with Hooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y., about
1863 ; he remained but a short period and then enlisted in the navy, where he
continued until the war was over.
In September, 1866, Mr. Girard was one of the 500 passengers bound for
New Orleans on the steamer "Evening Star," which was wrecked about 300
miles off the coast of Florida (October 3, 1866) ; he was the only male that
survived, and was on the water for five days before he was rescued. He sub-
sequently returned to New York, and later was identified with some of the
principal minstrel companies.
142 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
About 1871 he became a member of Tony Pastor's stock company in
New York, where he acted as stage manager and played in the farces for
many years.
His son is Edwin Girard, for many years manager of the Gotham Thea-
tre, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Frank Girard was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., July 7, 1840 ; he died there
November i, 1900.
James D. Bohee a prominent colored performer and concededly great ban-
joist, went to England about 1880, where he was a great success until the
time of his death in London, England, December i, 1897.
Jimmy Clark was one of the best jig dancers in the country, and equally
proficient in the manipulation of the banjo, and an all-round good general
performer.
He was with Kelly and Leon's Minstrels in New York, also with the
Duprez and Benedict Company.
December, 1872, Welch, Clark and Hart's Minstrels began a brief career.
Mr. Clark had not appeared professionally for some years. Prior to his
'death he was employed in the manufacturing of the banjo.
Jimmy Clark died in New York City, February 27, i88o; age 40 years.
Charles L. Monroe, considered a very good impersonator of the old
Southern "darky," died in Philadelphia, July 12, 1875 ; age 36 years.
John Baetley, a good general performer in negro acts, and an exceptionally
fine performer with the tambourine and bones, died at Buffalo, N. Y., April
17, 1895.
Jerry McMillan, once known as "]Master Jerry," was one of the best jig
dancers of his day.
He was identified with the San Francisco Alinstrels in New York City
for a considerable period.
He died in Philadelphia, September 9, 1873.
A. Bam FORD, a capable female impersonator who was prominent at one time
at Hooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn, and also played a European engagement
in the 6o's, died at San Francisco, April 5, 1871. Mr. Bamford also did spe-
cialties with Harry Norman.
Harry J. Clapham. This gentleman's name will always rank with the great
managers of minstrelsy.
His career began on the 30th anniversary of his birth, at Syracuse, N. Y.,
with Cat. Wagner's Minstrels, as a balladist. Six weeks later he was pro-
gramme agent, and in six months was "press agent"; in 1910 we would call
that "making good." Later he became general agent, continuing in that ca-
pacity for 18 months. When Haverly's Minstrels were organized in the Fall
of 1873, he became agent ; a year later he was manager, in which capacity he
served for several years.
Leaving Mr. Haverly he took a much-needed rest for six months, and
FROM -DADDY- RICE TO DATE. 143
then assumed the management of Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and ^^'est's
Minstrels ; in about two years he turned into the company $100,000 in prohts ;
this was "going some" about 30 years ago.
John T. Raymond and ^Ir. and Mrs. McKee Rankin claimed his execu-
tive attention for three years : he then assumed management of the Barlow,
Wilson & Co. Minstrels, remaining three years.
After the Barlow, Wilson & Co. Minstrels, Air. Clapham took out a
repertoire company ; his leading man being no less a personage than that
excellent actor of to-day, Mr. Thos. E. Shea, who had previously occupied a
mercantile position in Boston.
A four years respite found Mr. Clapham equal owner with Lew Dock-
stader's Minstrels (road company) ; the alliance lasted three seasons, which
were very successful ; the first 40 weeks profits were $24,000.
Mr. Clapham speaks in the highest terms of praise of his first manager,
Col. Haverly, because he gave him ( Clapham ) the opportunity.
Harry J. Clapham was born in Lincoln, England, November 16, 184c.
Kelly and Leon was a great trade-mark in minstrelsy forty years ago.
Edwin Kelly was a vocalist and an actor ; Leon was a female imperso-
nator ; and none were more successful than he. Together they were famous
for their burlesques, which they put on in a lavish manner.
In i860 each were members of Geo. Christy's }ilinstrels ; the following
season they joined Morris Bros., Pell and Trowbridge's Company in Boston,
and in 1862 they were with Arlington and Donniker's Troupe. A year later
Kelly and Leon were interested in the management of the company, which
soon after was known as Kelly and Leon's Minstrels in Chicago.
October i, 1866, the company opened at Hope Chapel. New York, and
for more than two years they were established there, meeting with pro-
nounced success.
January 9, 1869. they gave their final performance, and shortly after
sailed for London, England, opening with Montague's "Christy's." May 9.
After a brief engagement they organized Kelly and Leon's "Christy's" Min-
strels, giving their initial performance July 6, 1869. Six weeks later, August
16, they appeared with Delehanty and Hengler's Combination in Boston.
They made their first appearance in San Francisco November 7, 1871.
August 26, 1872, they began an engagement at Bryant's Minstrels in
New York, which terminated November 16. Kelly and Leon then reorganized
their own company, opening at their old stand, November 25, three days later,
November 28, 1872, the theatre was destroyed by fire.
The following Summer they returned to California, where they played
an engagement in San Francisco with Maguire's Minstrels.
Returning East they opened in Philadelphia with Simmons and Slocum's
Minstrels, closing November 8, 1873.
The following year they were with Haverly : in 1875 Kelly and Leon's
Company took the road, under the management of Surridge and Melville.
In the Spring of 1876 their company opened at Bryant's old minstrel hall
in New York, where they continued several months.
December 10, 1877, with their company, they began their third engage-
ment in San Francisco, and on February 2, 1878, they sailed for Australia,
where about two years after their arrival their long partnership was dissolved.
144 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
For a time each headed their own company in the Antipodes. Leon later
returned to the United States ; Mr. Kelly remained in Australia until his death.
Prior to i860 Edwin Kelly was a balladist with Ordway's Aeolians in
Boston. In May, 1858, "Master" Leon joined Wood's Minstrels in New
York ; the year following he was with Campbell's Minstrels.
Shortly after Leon's return to America, he joined Haverly's Minstrels;
he severed his association with that company in February, 1883. He then
formed an alliance with Frank Cushman, and in April began an engagement
with Barlow, Wilson's Minstrels.
September 3, 1883, he opened with Birch's San Francisco Minstrels in
New York. Leon and Cushman sailed for Australia about January i, 1886;
they played several months in Melbourne ; shortly after their return to the
United States they separated, August, 1887.
"Leon" began an engagement with Emerson's Minstrels January 19, 1889.
Since then Mr. Leon has been identified in minstrel, vaudeville and con-
cert work, until his retirement-about eight years ago.
Edwin Kelly was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1835 ; he died in Adelaide,
Australia, December 24. 1898.
"Leon" (Patrick Francis Glassey) was born in New York City, November
21, about 1840.
Jack Talcott (Arthur J. Talbott), well-known as a comedian, began his
theatrical career in the late 5o"s.
In i860 he was with Hooley and Campbell's Minstrels, that same year
joining Sanford's Company in Philadelphia, in which city he remained alto-
gether about ten years with Carncross and Dixey's, and Carncross' Minstrels.
Early in 1887 he was one of a company at the Criterion Theatre, Brooklyn,
N. Y., in an attempt to revive permanent minstrelsy in that city.
Air. Talbott was an excellent marksman, and was the first to shoot an
apple from the head in a theatre.
He first performed this feat at the New Idea in San Francisco, October
21, 1864; Johnny De Angelis, father of the comedian, Jeff De Angelis, held
the apple.
Mr. Talbott was a brother of Harry Talbott. the minstrel, and the hus-
band of Emma ]\Iiles, danseuse. whom he married in the 6o's.
Jack Talbott was born in Baltimore, Md., October 3, 1840; he died in
New York, April 5, 1910.
J. Henry Murphy, the well-known minstrel tenor, was with Mead's Min-
strels in New London, Conn., September 8, 1862.
About February, 1864, he joined Buckley's Serenaders in Boston, Mass.,
and was associated with them for several seasons. April 17, 1871, he com-
menced an engagement with Newcomb and Arlington's Minstrels in New
York, and on January 29, 1872, joined Simmons and Slocum's Company m
Philadelphia.
Later he identified himself with Cal. Wagner's Minstrels, and was with
him some time. Mr. Murphy had not appeared professionally for many
years.
J. Henry Murphy died in New London, Conn., April 10, 1910; age about
70 years.
JOHN E. CAIN
NEAL ABEL
GEO. W. ROCKEFELLER
JULIA GOULD
GREG. PATTI HARRY LEHR
CAIN & ABEL ; ROCKEFELLER & GOULD ; PATTI AND HARRY LEHR;
THEY ALL "BLACKED UP."
146 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Charles D. Burnham, an old-time comedian, was with Green's Mocking
Bird Minstrels in 1871, also various other companies.
He married Miss Jennie Davis at Kingston, Canada, January 5, 1872.
He died at Bay City, Mich., August i, 1902.
"English Tommy Peel" (William Howe), a jig dancer of some reputation,
died in New York, January 31, 1868.
Walter Bray (Baker) was a versatile black-face performer, whose career
began about fifty years ago.
In 1864, in conjunction with Joe Murphy, he had a minstrel company
bearing their names. Mr. Bray made his first New York appearance Septem-
ber 6, 1869, doing a black-face song and dance called "Sugar Bob."
In 1872 he was with Wm. Henry Rice's Minstrels in Cincinnati, where
his "Corkographs" received well-merited applause. Subsequently he played
many minstrel and variety engagements.
He died at Fort Worth, Texas, February 25, 1891.
"Happy" Cal. Wagner was not born with that handle to his name, but just
plain Calvin Wagner.
Mr. Wagner began comicalities at the age of 17, and at 70 is still "happv."
Of course he played other minstrel engagements before appearing with Char-
ley Morris' Coinpany in 1864.
In 1865 he was with Sam Sharpley's Ironclads, and the following 3'ear
Wagner and (Sam) Hague's Minstrels could readily be seen — if you had the
price.
In 1867, January 21, to be exact, he joined Lloyd and Bidaux' Minstrels;
the following year found him with Fred Wilson's Minstrels, and on March
6, 1869, he left Wilson in St. Louis ; that is, he left Wilson's company. It
was getting time for "Happy" Cal Wagner's ^linstrels, and accordingly that
organization soon sprang into being.
In the Fall of 1870 this company came under the able direction of "Jack"
Haverly ; the partnership was dissolved November 8, 1873. Mr. Wagner's
Minstrels went on touring.
In 1878 Wagner and (Ben) Cotton's Minstrels happened: that same
year they unhappened. A year or so later Mr. Wagner joined Barlow, Wil-
son, Primrose and West's Minstrels, closing with them in February, 1881.
Mr. Wagner's last appearance in minstrelsy was with Quinlan and Wall's
Company, about five years ago.
Cal. Wagner was born in Mobile, Ala., July 4, 1840.
Horace Rush by, well-known as a character actdr, made his first appearance
in the United States with Case and Kernan's Minsfi-els in 1869.
A year later he joined Blaisdell Bros, and Courtright's Minstrels ; in 1872
he was. a member of Wm. Henry Rice's organization in Cincinnati. Subse-
quently he appeared successfully with the minstrel companies of Harry Rob-
inson ; Haverly ; I. W. Baird's ; Birch, Hamilton and Backus ; Hooley and
Emerson's Megatherians ; Carncross', in Philadelphia, and several others.
Some years ago Mr. Rushby decided to enter the legitimate field, where
FROM -DADDY- RICE TO DATE. I47
as Cy. Prime in the '■Old Homestead" and John Todd in "Old Jed Prouty"
he achieved success.
Horace Rushby was born in Hull, England, November 14, 1840.
John Crosiier, a well-known ballad singer who was with Cotton and
Murphy's Minstrels in 1865, and with Simmons and Slocum's Company in
Philadelphia, Pa., from 1871 to 1874; died in Toronto, Canada, January 15,
1880.
Dick S.\nds (George R. Sands), famous for many years as Barnum's "Old
Woman in the Shoe," was one of the world's greatest clog dancers.
His first appearance was made at Pierce's Varieties in Providence, R. I.,
in 1857. Late that same year he joined Bryant's Minstrels in New York, and
in February, 1859, reappeared there.
In 1866 he was associated with Jack Havcrly in a minstrel company bear-
ing their name. Mr. Sands played important engagements with the Morris
Bros., Pell and Trowbridge Minstrels in Boston, and many other high-class
minstrel and circus companies.
Dick Sands was born at Mill Bridge, England, May 2, 1840; he died in
New York, March 28, 1900.
*
Ch.\rles B. Hicks, one of the proprietors of Hicks and Sawyer's Colored
Minstrels, died at Surabo3'a, Java, in 1902.
W. H. Hamilton, who was a well-known baritone singer, was with Simmons
and Slocum's, and Frank Moran's Minstrels in Philadelphia in the early 70's,
and in 1882 was part proprietor of Birch, Hamilton and Backus' Minstrels in
New York. He died in Los Angeles, Cal., April 17, 1897.
GuST.WE Geary, a well-known vocalist of Hooley's and other minstrel com-
panies during the 6o's, died in New York, .\pril 25, 1877.
W. H. Strickland, the well-known minstrel agent, who was long associated
with Haverly's Minstrels, died in New York, February 27, 1903.
Charles Lockwood, a famous singer of Hooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn, N.
Y., and other prominent organizations, died in Brooklyn, N. Y., April 28. 1887.
He was the author of "A Handful of Earth," made famous by Joe Mur-
phy in the Irish drama.
J. H. Clifford, an excellent dancer of the 6o's, during which period he was
associated with Rulnsey's, Hooley's, Campbell's and other well-known min-
strel organizations.
He was especially well remembered for his song of "Hot Corn."
He wag on the police force in New York, for some time.
He is said to have died about ten years ago.
Billy Sheppard was equally famous for his neat and artistic songs and
dances, and for his rendition of the "Anvil Chorus" on the banjo.
He had been with many prominent minstrel companies, notably with
148 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
the San Francisco's in California in 1865 ; Griffin and Christy's in New York,
two years later, and in the Summer of 1869 played in England with Smith
and Taylor's Minstrels; in 1870 he was with Hooley in Brooklyn, N. Y., and
with Hooley 's in Chicago in 1871. His wife was professionally known as
Sallie Clinetop, of the Clinetop Sisters.
Mr. Sheppard died at Ft. Washington, N. Y., July 8, 1872.
James A. Herne, the late well-known actor and author, whose portrayal of
the lighthouse keeper in his play of "Shore Acres" will long be pleasantly re-
membered, played Samson, a heavy, black-face character part in the "New
South," commencing at the Broadway Theatre, New York, January 2, 1893.
James A. Herne was born in Troy, N. Y., February i, 1840; he died in
New York City, June 2, 1901.
D. R. Hawkins was well known as a capable interlocutor, and co-proprietor
with Billy Courtright with a permanent minstrel company in Philadelphia
bearing their names ; they opened about September, 1882. He was also with
Emerson's Minstrels.
He was born in Philadelphia, and died in San I'Vancisco, September 5,
1888; age 47 years.
Hen. Mason (Martin), was a well-known black-face performer. His wife
was Celia Herd, an actress.
He was the author of several sketches, notably, "A Night at a Free and
Easy."
He died in New York, Feburary 22, 1873; age 33 years.
Frank Pell, a well-known and favorite comedian of many years ago, who
was with Mrs. Matt. Peel's Minstrels, in i860; Newconib's Minstrels, in 1867,
and other well-known companies, died in St. Paul, Minn., August 26, 1871.
Tommy Peel (O'Reilly) was one of the world's great jig dancers. He
made his first professional appearance in his native city at the age of twelve
years.
About 1855 he became a member of a minstrel company in which Matt
Pee! was interested. Mr. Peel adopted him, and young O'Reilly thereafter
was known as Tommy Peel.
He continued with Matt Peel practically until the latter's death, in 1859.
after which he joined Bryant's Minstrels in New York, where he remained
about three years.
Tommy Peel was born in Albany, N. Y., September, 1841 ; he died in
Melbourne, Aus., July 31, 1869.
J. F. Sulliv.\n, prominent as a balladist at various times with the minstrel
cjompanies of Duprez and Green; Sharpley's ; Buckley's, and Skiff and Gay-
lord's, died in Boston, Mass., August 20, 1866; age 25 years.
Frank Howard (Hurd), an old-time general minstrel performer of several
early companies, was born in Boston, Mass. ; he died in Chicago, 111., January
4, 1897 ; age 56 years.
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I50 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
J. K. "Fritz" Emmett (Kleinfelter), the famous singing Dutch comedian,
played several minstrel engagements before coming East ; but always in
white-face.
On June i, 1868, at De Bar's Opera House, St. Louis, Mo., (R. M.)
Carroll and Emmett's (J. K.) Minstrels began a brief engagement. Late in
the same month he made his first New York appearance in black-face at
Bryant's Minstrels, and this was not the only time Mr. Emmett ever ap-
peared in corked features. The engagement terminated in July following.
J. K. Emmett was born in St. Louis, Mo., March 13, 1841 ; he died in
Cornwall, N. Y., June 15, 1891.
Ben Hayes (J. C. Allian) the old-time comedian and general performer,
made his first appearance with the Sands & Mazzoni Company, in 1863.
That same year he joined the Morris Bros., Pell and Trowbridge Com-
pany, subsequently appearing with Cal. Wagner's Minstrels for three years.
With Frank Wild in Buffalo, he was associated three years, also in
many other variety houses did he play long stock engagements.
Ben Hayes was born in New York City, October 26, 1841.
Joseph M. Norcross, for many years known as Joseph Norrie, is one of the
oldest and most prominent interlocutors in minstrelsy.
He first appeared professionally with the late Fred Sharpley and his
own minstrel company in 1857.
In 1862 he joined Carncross and Dixey's Minstrels in Philadelphia, and
in 1870 joined Simmons 'and Slocum in the same city, and remained two
years with that company, including a trip to California.
Subsequently Mr. Norcross joined Birch, Wambold and Backus' Min-
strels in New York, continuing there two years, after which he joined Bryant's
Minstrels, also in the Metropolis, and remained until the death of Dan Bryant.
Mr. Norcross was two years with Emerson's Minstrels in San Francisco,
and a like period with Buckley's Serenaders. He was with Haverly seven
years, including a trip to England, in 1884.
Mr. Norcross was with "Our Goblins" for four seasons, appearing in
Avhite-face. For the past few years he has intermittently appeared in vaude-
ville with a unique tabloid minstrel show of his own design.
Mr. Norcross married Miss Mamie Wambold at Newark, N. J., March
17, 1878.
Jos. M. Norcross was born in New York City July 5, 1841.
Hubert W. Egan is one of the few old-time black-face performers whose
active career began over half a century ago.
Mr. Eagan's professional life began in Buffalo, N. Y., in 1857; three
years later he sat on the end for the first time in Baltimore, Md., at the Mel-
odeon, the present site of the Monumental Theatre.
He played many variety engagements before he went with LaRuc's
Minstrels in 1866.
Mr. Eagan joined James Edwards in the middle 6o's, and as Eagan and
Edwards were highly popular in the variety houses.
In 1863 he married Miss Jennie Williams, and after playing numerous
variety and circus engagements, he retired about i8r8.
Hubert W. Eagan was born in Castleragh, Ireland, December 18, 1841.
FROM "DADDY- RICE TO DATE. 151
Lew Brimmer (Leslie Chase Brimmer) was not only a great banjoist, but a
clever comedian as well.
In July, 1864, he was with Sanderson's Minstrels; the same year he
joined Hooley in Brooklyn, N. Y. ; December 5, 1865, at Binghamton, N. Y.,
was given the first performance of Brimmer, Whiting, Gaynor and Clark's
Minstrels.
He was with Emerson and Manning's Minstrels in 1869, and the follow-
ing year with Emerson's Minstrels; in the Summer of 1871 he had out Lew
Brimmer's Banjo Minstrels, and in September. 1872, he began an engagement
with Moran and Dixey's Minstrels in Philadelphia.
He was also with the San Francisco Minstrels in New York, and with
Wood's Company in the same city. His last engagement was at Sandy Spen-
cer's, in New York City.
Lew Brimmer was born in Cooperstown, N. Y. ; he died in Fonda, N. Y.,
September 15, 1883; age 42 years.
George Gray, a well-known minstrel singer of the 6o's and 70's, was identi-
fied with the companies of Hooley, Fox and Sharpley ; Campbell's and many
others.
About 1880 he played Uncle Tom, and continued in that character until
his death.
He was the first husband of Minnie Oscar Gray.
He was born in New York, September 25, 1841 ; he died in Minneapolis,
Minn., March 13, 1882.
Tim. Hayes was one of the foremost clog dancers of minstrelsy. His
first professional appearance was with Wild's theatrical show under canvas
in 1851.
Li i860 he came to the Lfnited States, and made his debut at the Melo-
deon in New York. After that he joined Hooley and Campbell's Minstrels,
and subsequently appeared with Unsworth's ; Carncross and Dixey's, in Phil-
adelphia ; George Christy's, and M. C. Campbell's Minstrels.
Tim Hayes was born in Dublin, Ire., September 22, 1841 ; he died in
Washington, D. C, May 12, 1877.
Billy Hart arrived in the United States on his eighth birthday. He made
his first appearance professionally in New York, January 26, 1862. In April,
same 3'ear, he appeared in black-face for the first time, and sang "Ham Fat";
subsequently and for many seasons he appeared with many prominent minstrel
companies.
A few years before his death he essayed Irish characters, and was very
successful.
He was born in County Tipperary, Ireland, March 17, 1842; he died in
New York, July 9, 1879.
Charles H. Day spent nearly all of his life in the amusement world. He
was well known as an author, agent and journalist: he was connected in an
executive capacity with such minstrel organizations as Cleveland's and New-
comb and Arlington's.
About forty years ago he was interested in Sharpley, Sheridan, Mack
152 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
and Day's Minstrels ; later this company was known as Sheridan, Mack and
Day's Minstrels.
Charles H. Day died in New Haven, Conn., October 3, 1907; age 65
years.
Harry Stanwood (Stevens) was famous as a banjoist and comedian for
many years.
In 1863 he was with Duprez and Green's Minstrels; in 1871 with New-
comb and Arlington's Company in New York. He was also with Bryant's
Minstrels in the same city, as well as many other first-class organizations
during the twenty-five years or so he was before the public. Harry Stan-
wood was born in Cobourg, Canada, November 2, 1842 ; he died there Sep-
tember 21, 1886.
Bob Fraser was equally well-known as a minstrel and pantomimist.
Originally a scene painter, it was while employed in that capacity with
Carncross and Dixey's Minstrels in Philadelphia, that he made his debut as
an end man. He invariably arranged the Christmas pantomimes with the
company in which he was identified ; and in that way gradually forsook cork
for chalk.
On Christmas Day, 1876, he became associated in the management of
the minstrels with Billy Sweatnam at the Arch Street Opera House, Phila-
delphia ; the organization was then known as Sweatnam and Eraser's Min-
strels.
Bob Fraser was born in Philadelphia; he died in New York City, August
4, 1896 ; age 54 years. ,
Sam. Devere was one of the best-known black-face banjoists before the
public. He first applied cork to his features when twenty years of age, in a
music hall in Brooklyn, on the site now occupied by the Court Theatre.
In 1879 he starred in "Jasper," a play in which he played one of the
principal characters, in black-face. One year later he went to Europe with
Haverly's Minstrels, opening in London, July 31, 1880.
September 15, 1890, at the Gayety Theatre, Albany, N. Y., the first per-
formance of Sam Devere's Own Company was given, and the company con-
tinued on the road ever since. Even at the present date, the trade-mark is
Still in use.
Mr. Devere achieved wide popularity by singing the famous ditty, "The
[Whistling Coon."
Sam Devere died in Brooklyn, N. Y., March i, 1907; age about 65 years.
Sanford and Wilson are credited with being the original musical mokes;
they certainly were among the earliest double acts of this kind.
Both were big men, and both capable comedians. The violin and banjo
were about the only instruments they played: but they could play them, and
no two performers ever got more comedy out of these instruments than they.
They formed a partnership in August, 1873, and during their many
years on the stage they played all the principal variety houses, and engage-
ments with Bryant's, also Haverly's Minstrels.
Mr. Wilson retired from theatricals in May, 1892.
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154 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Tames Sanford (Thos. Pynes), was born in Milbury, Mass., in 1843; he
died "in Cohoes, N. Y., December 23, 1891.
Charles Wilson (Neiman), was born in Milwaukee, .Wis. ; he died in
Brooklyn, N. Y., February 15, 1893; age 51 years.
' John Bowman. This prominent song and dance artist began his regular
career at Graham's Concert Hall on Market Street, near Second, St. Louis,
Mo., in October, 1863, where he met with much success doing an "Essence."
It was there that he met his future partner, William Harris, though he did
not join him in partnership at that time. After Graham's he went to Jake
Esher's Bowery, same city, doing "ends" and comedy ; traveling engagements
followed until he met Harris again at Deagle's in St. Louis, 1866, when the
partnership was formed; they remained at Deagle's Varieties one year, played
many variety theatres, and engagements in St. Louis with Fred Wilson's
Minstrels, also Simmons and Slocum in Philadelphia. Bowman and Harris
dissolved partnership in Canada in 1873 while with the L. B. Lent's Circus.
After separating from IMr. Harris he opened in Providence, R. L, with
Archie Stalker, and played other dates, later taking out the Bowman Broth-
ers ]\Iinstrels ; a wagon show.
In 1881 he went to work for William Harris, in Boston, and has been
with him ever since.
John Bowman was born in ]\IobiIe, Ala., November 16, 1842.
Wiixi.xM Harris, famous in professional circles for many years as a mem-
ber of the great theatrical syndicate, began his career in St. Louis, Mo., in
the early days of the Civil War, as a black-face song and dance man, playing
the variety houses until i865, when he formed a partnership with John Bow-
man, which lasted until 1873, when they separated. Mr. Harris next allied
himself with William Carroll, a good comedian and banjoist, and as Harris
and Carroll played many first-class engagements, including Tony Pastor's
Road Company ; they separated in 1879. Later he went to Boston at the
Howard Athenaeum, as stage and acting manager for Josh. Hart, subse-
quentlv taking the house himself, and retaining it for several seasons. After-
wards, in conjunction with Isaac Rich, they had many stars under their ban-
ner, including George Thatcher, Andrew Mack and many others.
Mr. Harris is one of the youngest looking men ip the profession, retain-
ing the appearances of youth to a remarkable degree : he hails from St. Louis,
Mo. I didn't get his age, but I am sure he must be younger than he would
admit that he is.
(Overture— "Apple of My Eye.")
Joe. Lang, the old-time black-face performer, made his first appearance
with the Morris Brothers, Pell and Trowbridge's Minstrels, at an early age.
Subsequently he played an engagement with Morris and Wilson's Minstrels
in St. Louis.
Mr. Lang had the management of the Adelphi Theatre in Buffalo for
several seasons, and the Halsted Street Theatre in Chicago.
He was also associated professionally with "Hank" Mudge, the old time
clog dancer.
Joe Lang was born in New York, September 21, about 1843.
FROM "DADDY- RICE TO DATE. 155
Mike Foley was a well-known black-face comedian, and during the 70's
did an excellent black-face act with Buck Shaffer, as Foley and Sheffer. He
was also of the team of Foley and Wade.
He had retired from active theatricals about nine years prior to his
death, which occurred at Syracuse, N. Y., September 10, 1888, at the age of
45 years.
Thompson and Kerns were the first black-face double song and dance team.
Prior to their advent, performers invariably worked singly. Their first
joint appearance was made in Washington, D. C, in 1861 ; a year previous
Mr. Kerns had made his professional debut at Long's Varieties, Philadelphia.
Thompson and Kerns continued in partnership for several years, playing
the variety theatres almost exclusively.
After separating, Mr. Thompson joined Newcomb's Minstrels in Cin-
cinnati, August, 1867.
About 1871 he produced "On Hand," a sensational drama, in which Mr.
Thompson portrayed tw-elve distinct characters; black, white and yellow;
male and female ; of various nationalities. At last accounts he was still
playing "On Hand," early in the current year.
Mr. Thompson is the father of Mollie Thompson, the favorite dancer
of a decade ago ; and the father-in-law of Eddie Garvie, who has played more
than one black-face part.
Mr. Thompson was also the oldest living musical moke.
Johnny Thompson was born in New York, July 4, 1843.
Frank Kerns was born in Philadelphia, 1844; he died in New York, Sep-
tember 21, 1877.
Ch.-\rles Bortell was well-known as a capable and bass singer and inter-
locutor. His last minstrel engagement was with I. W. I3aird's Company.
At one time he was a member of the police force in Saratoga, N. Y. ; he
died there November 26, 1888; age 45 years.
Oscar Willis (McLain) was well-known as a ban joist and comedian chiefly
on the variety stage.
His first appearance was made in his native city in 1858.
In 1871 he was end man and comedian with Unsworth's Minstrels.
November 16, 1867, he married Gussie Lamoreux, a well-known dancer, at
Baltimore, Md.
Mr. Willis was born in Pittsburg, Pa., July 14, 1843; ''^ died at Bis-
marck, Dakota, August 19, 1881.
John Wild. This truly great impersonator of the colored man was rather
an unique performer ; for whereas most of his contemporaries portrayed the
black man of the plantation, John Wild's characterizations were generally
those of the tov^'n negro, of which he made an especial study from New York
City life.
About 1857 Mr. Wild met Billy Arlington, and became a member of Ar-
lington and White's Minstrels ; the company consisted of the three already
named, and lasted one week. The ne.xt three years were mostly circus and
variety engagements. Early in 1863 he went to Carncross and Dixey's
156 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Minstrels in Philadelphia, occupying the tambo end ; he subsequently played
the variety theatres with IBlanche Stanley in an act called "Nerves," in which
he created a sensation.
Mr. Wild afterwards was with the minstrel companies of Emerson, Allen
and Manning's, and the Morris Brothers in Boston, which company he left
to become one of the proprietors of Dougherty, Wild, Barney and Mac's
Minstrels in 1869. He joined Harrigan and Hart's Company, January 28,
1878, and continued with them until and after Tony Hart left the organiza-
tion, remaining until 1889, when he starred in "Running Wild."
The following year he was with George Thatcher's Minstrels, and on
December 29, 1890, he rejoined Harrigan, continuing with him until 1895.
In conjunction with Mrs. Annie Yeamans and Dan Collyer, he began a
tour in vaudeville, January 10, 1898.
John Wild's death was a distinct and irreparable loss to the profession
he so ably graced.
Mr. Wild was twice married; his second wife, Ada Wray, was well-
known in the profession several years ago.
John Wild was born in Manchester, England, December 29, 1843 ; he
died in Averill Park, N. Y., March 2, 1898.
George W. Rockefeller, well-known as a vocalist and banjoist, opened with
the 5th Engineer Minstrels at Auburn, N. Y., September 4, 1865 ; shortly
after this company was known as Wagner and Hague's Minstrels. Subse-
quently he was with Lloyd's Minstrels in New York, and Tunnison's Min-
strels in Philadelphia ; he joined Bryant's Company in New York in 1868, and
was with them for quite a while.
He was with Buckley's Serenaders, also in New York, in the Summer
of 1870; in the Fall he joined the San Francisco Minstrels, likewise in New
York.
He opened with Emerson's Minstrels in San Francisco, August 19, 1872;
May 12, following he sailed for Australia with that company, and remained
in the Antipodes after leaving Emerson, finally returning to the United
States in the. Summer of 1879.
He again went to California, where he died at Colton, that State, March
18, 1886. Mr. Rockefeller was born at Penfield, N. Y., March 14, 1843.
Charley Pettengill. Minstrelsy suffered an irreparable loss in the un-
timely death of this brilliant comedian ; a comedian in fact, and versatile to a
degree.
August I, 1864, he opened with Buckley's Serenaders in Boston, and became
a great favorite at once. Subsequently he joined the Morris Bros. Minstrels in
the same city, where he remained until February 13, 1866. September 10, fol-
lowing, he played a brief engagement with Sands and Herbert's Minstrels, and
the same month returned to his home in Albany to organize Pettengill's Minstrels,
which continued intermittently until September 22, 1869, when in conjunction
with Johnny Allen and Delehanty and Hengler, a company bearing their names
was launched at Brooklyn, N. Y.
In November following they opened for a run in New York, that terminated
June I, 1870.
JOHN GORMAN JAMES GORMAN GEO. GORMAN
THE GORMAN BROS. ; ALWAYS ON TOP.
AMOS ARNOLD BILLY ARNOLD FRANK ARNOLD
THE FAMOUS ARNOLD BROS. ; A GREAT TREAT FOR BILLY.
t58 MONARCHS OF IMXSTRELSV,
Mr. Pettengill is declared to liave been the original "Nicodemus Johnson";
if he wasn't, he certainly was the greatest. All honor to his memury.
Cliarley Pettengill was born in AUjany, N. Y., where he died October lo,
1870 : age 2y years.
M. B. Leavitt (]\Iichael Bennett Levy) commenced his professional career
as a minstrel in 1859; he was one of the end men, and ajjpeared under his own
name as M. B. Levy ; Mr. Leavitt has been a comedian ever since — but not always
on the stage.
To name all the minstrel companies he has been with would be a difficult
matter, also all the things he did in them.
In 1867 he was a clown and comic vocalist; in 1872 he did a stump speech
on the occasion of his last appearance as a "black-face" performer. There were
any number of "Leavitt's Minstrels" in the 6o's.
About forty years ago he became associated with Mme. Rentz's Female Min-
strels; when the fall season opened, September 18, 1871, Mr. Leavitt was treasurer
of the company. This organization subsequently developed into the Rentz-Santley
Troupe, the burlesque show of many years' standing. Most of the Leavitt millions
were, made with this company.
In 1881 Leavitt's Gigantean Minstrels were organized, and in 1889 Leavitt's
European Minstrels toured.
Mr. Leavitt has broken into the ranks of authors, and an interesting volume
from his pen may shortly be expected.
M. B. Leavitt was born in Boston, Mass., June 24, 1843.
Arthur Cook, the well-known minstrel tenor who made popular "Ring the
Bells Softly," "Essie Dear"' and other favorite compositions, came to America
about 1853, and was prominently identified with such well-known minstrel organi-
zations as Bryant's, in New York ; Carncross' and Thatcher and Ryman's in
Philadelphia ; Hooley's in Brooklyn ; San Franciscos in New York ; Primrose
and West; also with Edward Harrigan, "The County Fair" and "The Man From
Boston."
Arthur Cook was born in London, England ; he died in Boston, Mass.,
November i, 1893; age 50 years.
Billy McAllister's career began at the age of sixteen, singing in concerts.
In 1862 he joined the Fuller New York combination Minstrels as a com-
edian, and as a comedian no one has ever been able to justly gainsay his right
to that term.
In 1864 he organized the Cross, Fay and McAllister's Minstrels, and until
1870 he was associated with various companies; in the fall of that year he joined
Cal. Wagner's Minstrels ; Mr. MciMlister demonstrated his versatility with this
company by performing at various times the duties of balladist, interlocutor and
comedian.
In 1872 he was with Harry Robinson's Minstrels, and most of the period
from then until 1880 was identified with his own companies.
Commencing in that year with I. W. Baird's Minstrels, he remained two
seasons. In 1882 he became a member of Haverly's Mastodon Minstrels, and
in 1883 Rctinfon and McAllister's Minstrels took the road, but gave it back
the following year.
FROM -'DADDV RICE TO DATE. 159
July 30, 1885, Mr. McAllister opened with McNish, Johnson and Slavin's
Minstrels in his native city, at the initial performance of that company; early
in 1886 he joined Carncross' Minstrels in Philadelphia, sitting opposite to Lew
Dockstader.
Mr. McAllister has been a prominent citizen of Troy, N. Y., where he has
been engaged in business for more than twenty years.
Billy McAllister was born in Paterson, N. J., March 15, 1843.
Frank Bell (Peter Jaggers), best known as a unique stump-speaker, made
his first appearance in Olean, N. Y., in September, 1864, and shortly after joined
Wood's Minstrels in New York, as a clog dancer.
Subsequent minstrel engagements were with the original New Orleans Min-
strels, Simmons, Slocum and Sweatnam's. Arm_strong Bros., George Clapham's
Minstrels, Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West's, Haverly's, Harry Robinson's,
and Lester and Allen's. The crowning success of his career was with "\\'ay
Down East," in white-face, playing the constable, and singing. "All Bound
Round With a Woolen String;" Mr. Bell also played a character part with
Otis Skinner in "Your Humble Servant," in 1910.
Frank Bell was born in Thurle, Can., September 17, 1843.
Major (John E.) Burk, known far and wide for his famous gmi drill, has
been with many prominent minstrel organizations in the United States and
England, usually appearing in black-face, the act seemingly being enhanced
in appearance at least, by the addition of burnt cork.
He first appeared with Hooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn, in 1868, also played
engagements there in 1869 and 1870. Subsequently he was with San Sharpley,
season 1872-73 ; first appearance in England at Hague's Minstrels, London,
April 17, 1876; also played at Hague's, Liverpool, and Moore and Burgess in
London; Hooley & Emerson's Megatherians, season 1879-80; Livermore Bros,
in England ; Frank Moran's Minstrels, Carncross' Minstrels in Philadelphia, and
the Big 4 Minstrels, 1880-81.
Major Burk was born in New York City, June 21, 1845, and now resides
there.
Milt. G. Barlow was one of the greatest "old darky" delineators that
minstrelsy has known, and probably did more to popularize "Old Black Joe"
than any other performer.
Mr. Barlow originally aspired to be a Dutch comedian. His first minstrel
engagement was with the Jackson Emersonians in 1870; the tour lasted about
four weeks ; subsequently he returned to the variety business, doing black-face,
Dutch and Irish.
Shortly after this he played an engagement with Harry Robinson's Minstrels,
also Benjamin's New Orleans Minstrels.
Mr. Barlow became a member of Haverly's Minstrels about 1874, and con-
tinued with them until March 24, 1877; two days later joining Sweatnam and
Eraser's Minstrels in Philadelphia.
On August 20, 1877, the first performance of Barlow, Wilson, Primrose
and West's Minstrels was given ; the last was at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., June 10,
1882. In the latter year Barlow, Wilson & Co.'s Minstrels were organized, and
later Barlow, Wilson and Rankin's Minstrels.
l6o MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Afterwards Mr. Barlow was with Thatcher, Primrose and West's, and
Primrose and West's Minstrels.
In August, 1894, Barlow, Dolson and Powers' Minstrels took the road.
For several years after this he was with "The White Slave" Co., and "Uncle
Tom's Cabin," playing the title role.
Milt. G. Barlow was born in Lexington, Ky., June 29, 1843; he died in
New York City, September 27, 1904.
Wm. a. Huntley (Penno) made his first appearance on the stage in his
native city at the age of six years, playing little Tom Bruce, in "Nick of the
Woods." His first minstrel engagement was with Mead's Euterpean Minstrels,
in 1862, at New London, Conn. In 1865 he joined the Campbell and Huntley
Minstrels, remaining some years.
Minstrelsy lost him from 1868 to 1870. In September, 1871, he made his
first appearance in white- face at the Howard in Boston; subsequent engagements
were with the Lauri English Pantomime Troupe and the Martinetti French Ravel
Pantomime Co. In the Spring of 1873 lis joined the McKee and Rogers Co.,
afterwards rejoining the Martinetti Troupe.
In 1874 he became co-partner with Dr. Huntley in the management of
Huntley's Minstrels; then came engagements extending some years in the prin-
cipal theatres of the country.
Mr. Huntley was especially engaged for Haverly's Minstrels in London,
to lead the big banjo act in which twelve performers appeared at one time; he
opened at Her Majesty's Theatre, July 31, 1880, and remained three months.
It was during this period that Mr. Huntley had the honor of appearing before
the Royal Family ; he subsequently played in the principal cities of England, also
in Paris, and returned to the United States to fill out his contract with one of Mr.
Haverly's organizations here.
From 1 88 1 to 1884 he was with Whitmore and Clark's Minstrels, and later
formed a partnership with John H. Lee, formerly of Adams and Lee ; sub-
sequently they opened a studio in Providence, where they met with much success,
especially in the introduction of the banjeaurine and the bass banjo. Mr. Huntley
has long since retired from minstrelsy, but the appellation of the "Classic
Banjoist" he so justly earned years ago, is still his.
Wm. A. Huntley was born in Providence, R. I., November 2, 1843.
J. J. Kelly was one of the best known vocalists in m'instrelsy. He entered
the profession about 1853, and had been with such famous companies as Emer-
son's, Haverly's, Bryant's, in New York; Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West's;
and Morris Bros., Pell and Trowbridge's in Boston. Mr. Kelly died in Boston,
Mass., July 20, 1902.
Wm. J. AsHCROFT was one of the most versatile performers that ever blacked
their face. His first professional appearance was in Pawtuckett, R. I., as a mem-
ber of the Julian Minstrels.
In 1866 he was with Seaver's Minstrels, in Brooklyn, N. Y. He was also with
Lloyd's Minstrels. About 1872 he went to England, and later when returning to
the United States, he brought over and was the first to produce in this country,
an eccentric black-face specialty called the "Funny Old Gal ;" in this he was
phenomenally successful.
TOMMY GRANGER
"JIM" BUDWORTH
BILLY RICE
"HAPPY" CAL. WAGNER
J. W. McANDREWS
(The "Watermelon Man")
A QUAINT QUINTETTE.
i62 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Prior to this lie was a partner for several months of J. W. Morton.
Mr. Ashcroft again visited England in 1875, where he became one of the
greatest favorites the old world ever knew, appearing chiefly in white-face char-
acter work.
W. J. Ashcroft has resided in Europe for many years.
Matt. Wheeler (Mathias Wittenwiler) is still with us. His first profes-
sional appearance was at Sanford's Opera House, Harrisburg, Pa., with Joe.
Miller's Minstrels in 1864. For several years following he played successful
stock engagements at Baltimore. Philadelphia and other cities.
Season of 1871-72 Mr. Wheeler was with Bishop's Serenaders ; the follow-
ing year he joined the Morris Bros. Minstrels for a road tour.
In 1873 he began a season's engagement with Simmons and Slocum's Min-
strels at their theatre in Philadelphia : the following season was also spent in the
Quaker City with Carncross' Minstrels.
Mr. Wheeler was with Haverly's Minstrels early in 1877, and in the Fall of
that year returned to Carncross' Co., and remained there until the retirement of
the latter, January 25, 1896. Mr. Wheeler continued with Frank Dumont when
the latter took the management of the house two days later, and has since played
several engagements there.
While a member of stock in the Maryland Institute in 1869, Mr. Wheeler
was very successful in the portrayal of such black-face character parts as Wool,
in the "Hidden Hand" ; Pete, in the "Octoroon," and "Uncle Tom's Cabin."
Matt. Wheeler was born in St. Gaul, Switzerland, March 4, 1843.
Con. T. Murphy (John D. Murphy), who was widely known as an actor,
author and song-writer, was also very much of a minstrel, and a good interlocutor.
He was with Bryant's Company in New York at the opening of the season,
September i, 1873, and was identified with several other organizations.
He was born in Cork, Ireland, in 1844; he died at Lake Bluff, 111., July 26,
1907.
Little Mac (Ebenezer Nicholson) was a dwarf scarcely more than three
feet high. He took the name of Little Mac during the Civil War out of compli-
ment to Gen. McClellan, who was very popular at that time. The major portion
of his professional career was spent in New York with Bryant's Minstrels, where
he made his first appearance, November 27, 1865.
In the summer of 1869 with Hughey Dougherty, John Wild and Master
Barney, he headed a minstrel company bearing their names.
He subsequently returned to Bryant's, where he remained until late in 1871.
Thereafter his engagements were desultory; his last regular appearance was
with Daly Brothers in "Upside Down." He was a clever comediaii, and was
prominently identified with his "Essence" and "Big Shoe Dance." .
Little Mac was born in Brockville, Canada, July 11, 1844; he died in New
York, Aprd 7, 1890.
Tommy Gettings was a well-known jig dancer, and during his brief career
had been with the Bryant's in New York, and other well-known minstrel com-
panies.
He died in New York, November 25, 1866; age 22 years.
FROM -DADDY- RICE TO DATE. 163
Billy Rice (Wm. H. Pearl). ]\Iinstrelsy knew no greater favorite than
this once well-known comedian, who made his professional debut in Brooklyn,
N. Y., in 1865, at Poole and Donnelly's Theatre, appearing in black-face, and
assuming the name by which he was always identified.
He continued in the variety business mostly until 1S69, when he joined
Newcomb's Minstrels; the following year he was with Hooley's, in Brooklyn,
and when that company made their first appearance in Chicago, January 2, 1871,
Mr. Rice was a member.
Late that year he became identified with Manning's Minstrels in the same
city. continjLiing there until about February i, 1872, when he again joined Ilooley
in Brooklyn. Subsequently he was with Arlington, Cotton and Kemble's Min-
strels in Chicago, and later opened a variety theatre there.
In 1874 he was with Emerson's Minstrels in San Francisco and on tour,
remaining several months. January 29, 1877, Rice and Hooley's Minstrels
opened in New York ; later he rejoined Emerson, and the following year he
became a member of Haverly's Minstrels, with whom he continued several
seasons.
In 1882 Rice and Hooley's Minstrels again was formed, terminating as
Billy Rice's Minstrels the following January, when he opened with Thatcher,
Primrose and West's Minstrels, and remained with them until 1887, when Sweat-
nam. Rice and Fagan's Minstrels were organized. Rice and Sheppard's Min-
strels in 1888, and subsequently with Cleveland's Minstrels; Primrose and West's
and a return to Haverly's Minstrels in 1898 practically completed the minstrel
career of the great end man and stump-speaker.
Mr. Rice married Blanche Carman, an actress, April 8, 1871, in Chicago.
Billy Rice was born in Marion, N. Y., December 12, 1844; he died in Hot
Springs, Arkansas, March i, 1902.
The Three Arnold Brothers were prominent in the 70's and 8o's, but away
back, March 21, 1862, there was another set with Mrs. Matt. Peel's Minstrels;
Herman, Frank and Richard Arnold respectively.
Wm. FIenry Rice made his first professional appearance as a boy singer in
Pittsburgh, Pa., December 6, 1856.
His first minstrel engagement was at Johnson's Hall. Xorfolk, \'a., September
19, 1859, with Sanford's Minstrels, where he sang in the first part, did a dance
in the olio, and otherwise was useful.
At this time and until 1865 he was known as Master Lewis, and later, W. FI.
Lewis, the latter being the maiden name of his mother.
In i860 he was with Wood's Minstrels, and \Yva. A. Christy's Minstrels.
About July, 1 86 1, he made his first appearance in New York as a variety
performer at the Melodeon.
In the fall of 1861 he joined Mrs. Matt. Peel's Minstrels, and about March
I, following, he became a member of the famous Peak Family of Bell Ringers
for a brief period, subsequently re-joining Mrs. Peel's Company.
In June, 1862, he was with George Christy's Minstrels in New York, and
soon after joined Duprez and Green's company, and Mead's Minstrels.
October 13, 1862, he made his first appearance with Hooley's Minstfels in
Brooklyn, N. Y. ; in the spring of the following year he was with Horn and New-
comb's Minstrels, the company subsequently was run by Newcomb alone.
i64 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
He left the latter and re-joined Duprez and Green in the fall of 1863.
In March, 1864, he was with Yankee Hill's Minstrels, and the next month
re-joined Hooley for the balance of the season, again opening with him August
22, following.
About March i, 1865, he became a member of Cotton and Murphy's Min-
strels, opening at Fall River, Mass. ; he left this company in the Fall of that year.
Xovember 20, 1865, he joined the famous San Francisco Minstrels of Birch,
Bernard, Wambold and Backus, taking and using for the first time his own name.
He remained with this company four years, in New York City. On June 14,
1869, he played his first engagement with Haverly's Minstrels, opening at Balti-
more ; a few weeks later he was with Sharpley's Minstrels in Boston.
August 23, 1869, he began a season's engagement with Carncross and
Dixey's Minstrels in Philadelphia, and July 2, following, he sailed for Europe,
but did not play there.
September 2, 1870, he opened with Welch, Hughes and \Miite's Minstrels in
Brooklyn, N. Y. ; at the initial performance of that organization ; he closed there
October 8, and two days later began a season's engagement with Simmons and
Slocum's Minstrels in Philadelphia.
April 17, 1871, he opened in New York with Newcomb and Arlington's Min-
strels, continuing with them there and on tour several months.
The following August he made Iris first appearance with Bryant's Minstrels
in New York; he remained the season, and in June, 1872, played an engagement
in the same city with Sharpley's Minstrels, after which he went to Cincinnati,
and joined Newcomb's Minstrels. In that city, September 2, 1872, the first per-
formance of Rice's Minstrels was given at Melodeon Hall; subsequently moving
to Thorn's Hall, and later taking the road, where they disbanded about Decem-
ber I.
January 27, 1873, he re-appeared at Bryant's, and finished the season there.
He re-joined Simmons and Slocum in Philadelphia, August 25, 1873, and
barring a brief interval, was with them all season.
June 13, 1874, he sailed for England, making his first appearance there in
Liverpool with Sam Hague's Minstrels, July 13.
August 31, following, he again joined Bryant's Minstrels in New York, and
continued there until the death of Dan Bryant, April 10, 1875; the following
month he joined Emerson's Minstrels in Chicago.
August 12, 1876, he again sailed for England where he played a few weeks
in the music halls.
Returning to America he joined Simmons and Slocum's Minstrels for a tour,
commencing November 20, 1876.
After this engagement he played the variety houses principally until the
Spring of 1878, when he engaged again with Haverly, opening in Chicago, and
going to San Francisco ; he left Haverly there and opened at the Bella Union,
May 13.
In the fall of 1878 he was with Neil Bryant's Minstrels, and the following
year with Joseph Norcross' California Minstrels.
Jaiuary 3, 1881, he began one of the most successful engagements of his
career, when he opened in his native city with Thatcher and Ryman's Minstrels,
playing the title role in a burlesque on Sarah Bernhardt, called "Sarah Heart-
burn ;" his success was phenomenal ; so much so that the great French actress
CJ^pressed a desire to see the caricature of herself, and accordingly, on the after-
QUARTETTE WITH BRYANT'S MINSTRELS, NEW YORK CITY, 1870.
Sig. J. Brandisi, Harry Norman, Jas. G. Russell, W. P. Grier.
KELLY AND LEON'S MINSTRELS; NEW ZEALAND, 1878.
From left to right — Chas. Kelly, J. H. Surridge, C. Fredericks, Wm. Ball and
Billy Courtright.
Wm. Blakeney, "Leon," Edwin Kelly, "Japanese Tommy," Beaumont Read.
i66 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
noon of January 7, 1881, a special performance was given for her benefit; on
this occasion the Philadelphia Times of January 8, 1881, said: "Bernhardt
looked up, blushing slightly as she perceived an enormous pair of glass bottles
leveled at her in place of opera glasses by the cork female. Every eye in the
house was riveted upon the woman whose characteristics were to be burlesqued,
and the appearance of Rice v\'as scarcely noticed for the second until Sarah her-
self showed her appreciation of the caricature by bursting into a fit of uncon-
trollable laughter. The agony displayed by Sarah Heartburn and her tumble
on the stage only added to the merriment of Bernhardt. The fun continued
and reached its climax when Rice and Ryman impersonated Camile and Armand.
The imitations of Bernhardt's stage attitudes, and gestures caused Sarah to
laugh to an extent almost painful. She seemed unable to stop, although she
placed her handkerchief over her mouth and leaned forward in the effort to
restrain herself. She abandoned all attempts, however, when the death scene
ensued and Heartburn threw herself upon the sofa, after the manner in which
a diver starts for the bottom of the sea. Sarah gave vent to her sense of the
ludicrous until her eyes were full of tears. There might have been danger of
hysterics had not an attack of coughing interfered and had not George Thatcher
made li-imself known as Victor, Heartburn's son, blowing a horn and crying
lustily. The concluding scene, however, again amused her, and she clapped
her gloved hands right heartily, seemingly sorry when the curtain finally
descended."
Mr. Rice went to London, England, with the act, where he produced it at
Moore and Burgess' Minstrels, opening June 20, 1881. Returning in August
following, he joined Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West's Minstrels for the
season.
August 21, 1882, he opened with Billy Rice and R. M. Hooley's Minstrels;
and in June following he played a special engagement with Haverly's Min-
strels in Chicago, after which he organized Rice's Pleasure Party in "Our
Goblins" for the season of 1883-84, playing a part in the play in black-face.
August 25, 1884, he opened with the Standard Minstrels in San Francisco
for a few weeks, closing October 4.
July 30, 1885, he began the season with McNish, Johnson and Slavin's
Minstrels; he was with this company part of the season of 1886-87 also. Sep-
tember 12, 1887, in conjunction with John Hart and Add. Ryman, he organized
a company bearing their names.
December 24, 1888, he assumed the business management of the Star Theatre
in Buffalo, N. Y., on the opening of that theatre ; he resigned the position and
soon after joined Johnson and Slavin's Minstrels.
In 1890 he organized the World's Fair Minstrels, opening July 17, at Eliza-
beth, N. J. Season of 1891-92 he was with George Wilson's Minstrels. May
16, same year, he played his first performance with Cleveland's Minstrels, and
continued with them intermittently until May i, 1896.
In November, 1898, he opened with Bartlett's California Minstrels for a
brief season.
July 31, 1899, he began a special engagement of four weeks with Wm.
H. West's Minstrels; October 9, same year, he opened with Harry Davis' Min-
strels in Pittsburgh, Pa., in an attempt at making a permanent company in that
city; he finished the season with Primrose and Dockstader's Minstrels. About
FROM "DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 167
January, 1900, he began a series of annual engagements with Frank Dumont's
Minstrels in Philadelphia.
His last traveling engagement was with the "Great Lafayette" Company
in November, 1902.
His last stage appearance was at Atlantic City, N. J., November 30, 1907.
The author has no exact knowledge of engagements said to have been played
with Haverly, at Chicago in 1892; Kelly and Leon in New York in 1876, and
with Duprez and Benedict's Minstrels.
It is obviously a delicate matter for one to speak of the talents, capabilities,
etc., of one's own father: but a reproduction of some notices from the press
of the country, may not be considered bad form.
The Daily Commercial (Cincinnati) of July 29, 1863, said: "The singing
of Mr. Lewis surprises us more and more. His imitations of the Prima Donna
are superb, and the brilliant qualities of his singular voice are an unfailing
theme for wonder among his hearers. The first time he breaks into a song he
invariably startles his audience, who are simply prepared to hear the strained
falsetto, to which the mock crinoline of minstrelsy has heretofore been com-
mitted."
The Sun (Baltimore), July 11, 1865, said: "The voice of W. H. Lewis,
the Prima Donna, is something remarkable, and it strikes us could be better
employed than mere burlesquing."
The Philadelphia correspondent of the Nciv York Clipper, September 4,
1869, said: "This is Mr. Rice's first appearance in his native city, and he has
made a big hit, for on the night we were present, he received the only third
encore, and a fourth was demanded, but not given."
The Evening Post (Albany, N. Y.), of June 13, 1871, said: "Wm. Henry-
Rice does the Prima Donna capitally; he is one of the best grotesque singers we
ever saw — Rice is a star of the first magnitude, and can infuse more low comedy
into an operatic song than any other artist."
The Stage (New York), November 13, 1871, said: "Nillson is capitally
burlesqued by W. H. Rice, who never descends to vulgarity, and who displays
his peculiar talents to the best possible advantage."
The Era (New York), June 15, 1873, said: "One noticeable feature about
the performance was the gorgeous dress of Mr. W. H. Rice, prima donna of
Bryant's company. The dress could not have cost less than nine hundred
dollars. The workmanship was far superior to anything we have yet seen upon
the stage. Neither Morris, Davenport or Ethel can boast of such rich apparel
***** Mr. Rice deserves great praise for his painstaking endeavors.
He is an excellent singer, and conscientious acior, and would only acquire the
distinction he has already made but by application and study. To-day he is
without a peer in the profession, and undoubtedly one of the best that ever
appeared upon the minstrel stage."
An advertisement in a Liverpool, England, paper, of Hague's Minstrels,
July 20, 1874, reads, "Second week of the star Burlesque Prima Donna of the
world, Air. W. Henry Rice, whose success with the Hague's is unprecedented
in the history of minstrelsy in Liverpool. Each night at the conclusion of his
performance Mr. Rice has received a most enthusiastic call before the curtain, an
instance of popularity seldom equaled."
The Times (Philadelphia), of December 17, 1901, said: "Wm. Henry
Rice again made his appearance as a special member of the Dumont troupe, in the
i68 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Eleventh Street Opera House, and duplicated his hit of last season in a new skit,
"Roosevelt's Reception," in which he gave a grotesque feminine impersonation
along the lines long ago made familiar by him. He is the best and one of the
very last exemplars of an older style of burnt-cork fun-making than obtains
to-day, and was wholly successful with last evening's audience."
Frank Dumont, in an interview in the North American (Philadelphia), Dec.
29, 1907, said : "* * * To my dying day I will not forget his scene where
Camille writes to the father of Armand that she will give him up. Talk about
acting! Why, he had Bernhardt beaten a mile in that scene. It was the purest
burlesque I have ever seen. For more than twenty minutes he would keep the
audience in convulsions of laughter. No end man ever equaled him as a genuine
comedian.
I really think he ought to be classed among the greatest of actors. I mean
the really great ones, for his work was as much of an art as that of the most
classic actors that are world-famous. * * * He deserves to live in the tra-
ditions of the stage. * * * 'Bill' was too fond of Philadelphia to remain
long away from it. Here he wanted to live and die ; and he had his wish."
Wm. Henry Rice was born in Philadelphia, June I, 1844; he died there
December 20, 1907.
Frank Cushman's life's ambition was to be associated with a minstrel com-
pany in his native city. He died as it was about to be realized.
G. Washington ("Slim Jim") Dukelan. Probably no active musician
in theatredom has had a more varied and lengthy career than "Slim Jim," so
named in 1864, by G. Brooks Clark, the well-known ring master; Mr. Dukelan
was about six feet high, and 130 in avoirdupois then; he has filled in considerably
since, but he's still "Slim Jim," and probably always will continue so. As Will
Shakespeare once remarked, "A Rose with any other name, etc."
His very first public appearance was with an amateur minstrel show, doing
a song and dance, about 1862, at Fulton, N. Y. Two years later he began his
professional career as member of the band in A. P. Ball's American Coliseum
Circus; with this troupe G. W. once did an "end."
Mr. Dukelan was with various organizations until 1868, when he joined the
Flint (Mich.) band; he remained there some time, subsequently allying himself
with several well-known miscellaneous companies until September 15, 1877, when
he joined Harry Saxton's famous theatre orchestra at Mitchell's Theatre Comique,
St. Louis, Mo. ; he continued there for three years, then going with Mr. Saxton
to the old Howard Athenaeum, in Boston, Mass., where he remained four years;
at the end of this period, with this same Saxton at the Grand Central Theatre
in Philadelphia, he commenced an engagement that lasted three years.
Now comes the "Slim Jim" we all know. From 1887 to 1889 he was with
Thatcher, Primrose and West's Minstrels ; following season with Primrose and
West. In 1890 he was with George Thatcher's Minstrels, and the following
year with Thatcher in "Tuxedo" (here "slender James" enacted a "rube"). In
1892 he was with Hughey Dougherty's "Tuxedo" and Minstrel Company.
It was not until 1893 that our friend qualified as a "real trouper ;" he then
joined Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin" Company. He played in the first per-
formance of Primrose and Dockstader's Minstrels in 1898, and continued with
them two seasons; in 1900 he was with William H. West's Minstrels, subse-
JOE. B. McGEE
ALF. GIBSON
JERRY HART
EDDIE CASSADY BILLY VAN
OUR ENGLISH COUSINS WOULD CALL THEM GOOD CORNER MEN.
170 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Quently he returned to Primrose and Dockstader, and remained with them
until the dissolution of the organization in 1903.
He played at the inaugural performance of Cohan and Harris' Minstrels
in 1908, and is at present with George Evans' Minstrels.
G. Washington (Slim Jim) Dukelan was born at Smith's Falls, Canada, .
January 12, 18^4; but you'd never believe it — the year, of course.
HuGHEY Dougherty — if you never heard of him, better get acquainted
now.
His real career began Monday evening, January 4, 1858, at the famous
nth Street Opera House, in his native city, with Sanford's Minstrels; it was
Sam San ford who christened him "Young America," and the title stuck to
him for many years ; other performers appropriated it, but it originated with
Hughey Dougherty; "stick a pin in dar, Brudder Bones." He continued with
San ford until i860, when he went to Frank River's Melodeon, also in the
Quaker City.
i\Ir. Dougherty's greatest success was made as a stump-speaker, when
the art had its greatest vogue thirty odd years ago; though he occasionally
gives a speech, and is apparently as good as ever.
He has been associated with the greatest minstrel companies of the past
and present, such as Skiff and Gaylord's; Simmons and Slocum's, (Philadel-
phia); Thatcher, Primrose and West's; Hooley's (Brooklyn); Cleveland's;
Morris Brothers (Boston), three years; Carncross', and Carncross and Dixey's
(Philadelphia); Johnson and Slavin's ; Moore and Burgess' (London, Eng.) ;
Barlow, Wilson's ; Barlow, Wilson and Rankin's ; Haverly ; and Duprez and
Benedict. In addition there was Dougherty, Wild (John) Barney (Master)
and Mac's (Little) Minstrels, who gave their first performance July 12, 1869.
About three years later he formed an alliance with Messrs. Harvey, Leslie
and Braham ; they organized a minstrel show and made an extensive tour of
Africa. June 18, 1877, he opened the Alhambra Palace, a variety theatre in
Philadelphia. Mr. Dougherty also has a record, unique in minstrelsy — just
about one-half of his professional career was spent at the theatre in which he
made his debut ; and one-half of the total number was with Dumont's Minstrels.
Hughey Dougherty was born in Philadelphia, July 4, 1844.
Billy Emmett (George Busteed) was known chiefly in his later years as
a manager, notably of the Academy of IMusic in Chicago.
While yet in his teens he became stage struck, and after a few inconspicu-
ous engagements, began playing dates in the variety houses, doing a black-face
specialty. In 1864 he went to Carr's Melodeon, Buffalo, N. Y., and with Nick
Norton, did Dutch character sketches. The following year he was with Green's
"Mocking Bird" Minstrels, and in 1866 went to New York, where he played
several seasons with the San Francisco Minstrels. He was associated at vari-
ous times with John L. Sullivan, Callender's Minstrels and Sam Hague's Min-
strels, the latter in the early 8o's.
Mr. Emmett was noted for his philanthrophy ; at one time he was reputed
to have left word in the Chicago hospitals, that in the event of the death of any
improvident variety or minstrel performer, not to give a pauper burial, but to
notify him (Emmett) at once.
FROM "DADDV RICE TO DATE. 171
A few more "Billy Emmett's" and the Actor's Fund would not be so heavily
burdened.
Billy Emmett was born in New York City, in 1844; he died in Chicago,
June 4, 1886.
McKee and Rogers joined forces in the Fall of 1871, and during the first
years of their co-partnership played the principal variety houses and specialty
companies of their day.
Their first joint appearance was in St. Louis, Mo., where they gave their
original song and dance "Rebecca Jane ;" WMth it they were ever after identi-
fied, as well as "Mischief," "Lucinda" ?nd several others.
About 1874 they went to London, England, where they played a most suc-
cessful engagement with Moore and Burgess' Minstrels.
On iheir return to the United States in 1875, they joined Tony Pastor's
road company, and continued with it until the death of Rogers.
Stevie Rogers, or "Little Stevie," as he was generally called, was one of
the most lovable characters in minstrelsy. As a clog dancer he was second
to none in his day.
His first professional appearance was with the 50 Engineer Pontoon Min-
strels, September 5, 1865; this company in the spring of the following year was
known as Sam Hague's and Cal. Wagner's Minstrel?. With that company he
had a partner by the name of John O'Brien.
Stevie Rogers' success was so pronounced that he quickly obtained a metro-
politan engagement with Charley White.
Subsequently he was with Kelly and Leon's in New York, and Hooley's
Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y.
In 1870 he joined Manning's Minstrels, and on August 21, 1871, he opened
with the Dearborn Minstrels in Chicago. About this time he met Andy McKee,
and the rest has been told.
Stevie Rogers was born in Elmira, N. Y., December 11, 1853; he died in
New York City, March 3, 1876.
Andy McKee first appeared professionally in 1865 at Cairo, Illinois.
Mr. McKee's success was so pronounced with his eccentric dancing, that he
had little trouble in obtaining other variety engagements in Memphis, New
Orleans, Cincinnati and St. Louis.
In 1867 he played his first minstrel engagement with Skiff and Gaylord ;
other prominent engagements were with Hooley, and with Simmons and Slocum.
Later he joined Manning's Minstrels, and subsequently met and joined forces
with Stevie Rogers.
After the death of the latter he went to Europe with Hall's New York Min-
strels, playing Scotland and Ireland ; subsequently re-organizing with Lew Sim-
mons and Charley Sutton, they went to South Africa, opening at Cape Town,
March 17, 1879; thus preceding Colonel Roosevelt in the exploration of that
country just thirty years. Afterwards Mr. McKee formed a partnership with
John F. Byrne, of the Brothers Byrne.
And here's two more little items. After Stevie Rogers' death, Mr. McKee
doubled with Charley Walters for a brief season, opening at the Olympic Theatre,
New York, August 28, 1876, and — that same year at the Globe Theatre, also
same city, Mr. McKee created the character of Cy. Prime, in "Josh Whitcomb ;"
the latter subsequently evolutioned into the "Old Homestead."
172' MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Andy McKee was born in Little Rock, Arkansas, May ii, 1844; and is now
a citizen of Seattle, Washington.
George Wilson. Few monologue performers have worn so well with the
public as George Wilson, whose minstrel career began about forty years ago in
San Francisco, as co-proprietor of Courtright (Billy), Farren (T. S.) and Wil-
son's Minstrels; Mr. Wilson was the song and dance performer with this com-
pany.
It was not until the fall of 1871 that he decided to adopt minstrelsy as a
regular profession, which he did in Chicago.
Mr. Wilson's talents must have been thoroughly appreciated, for when later
he accepted an engagement of four weeks at the Theatre Comique, in Detroit, his
success was so pronoimced that he remained nine months.
Then came a season with Fred Wilson's (his brother) Minstrels in St. Louis;
by this time his fame had reached Jack Haverly, who engaged Mr. Wilson for
his company; this was at Kansas City, Mo., in November, 1873; he remained
under the Haverly banner until August, 1877, when in conjunction with Milt.
Barlow, George H. Primrose and William H. West, the big company bearing,
their names gave their first performance, August 20, same year.
Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West's was one of the greatest minstrel com-
panies that ever performed; the dissolution of this alliance occurred in the sum-
mer of 1882.
Thereafter Mr. Wilson and Milt. Barlow organized Barlow, Wilson and
Co.'s Minstrels ; subsequently Barlow, Wilson and Rankin's, and lastly George
Wilson's Minstrels, which were instituted in 1888; the final performance of the
latter was at Danbury, Conn., February, 1892.
Subsequently Mr. Wilson played under the management of Primrose and
West for a period of about five years; one season, 1894, he appeared in white-
face, as well as black, in the musical play of "Monte Carlo."
In the summer of 1898, Mr. Wilson, in conjunction with W. S. Cleveland,
organized the "Wilson-Cleveland Minstrels ; this was his last minstrel venture ;
since then he has played vaudeville exclusively, until the Spring of 1910, when
he joined George Primrose's Minstrels for a few weeks. August 15, same
year, he played his first engagement in his native city at The Empire.
Mr. Wilson may justly look with pride on his long career as a black-face star.
George Wilson was born in London, England, September 28, 1844.
Hi Henry (Hiram Patrick Henry). For three decades Hi Henry's Min-
strels have been an institution that has been known nearly all over the United
States.
Mr. Henry is an accomplished cornettist, and before he entered the ranks
of minstrel proprietors, he was many years in the dramatic business, notably as
leader of the band with the Wallace Sisters combination in 1872.
On May 4, 1875, he joined Sam Price's Minstrels, and in September, 1879,
the first performance of Hi Henry's ^luT^trcls was given, and barring the season
of 1889-90, when he directed a tour of Estelle Clayton's, the company has made
an annual tour ever since.
The past few years Mr. Henry has not been actively engaged with his com-
pany, owing to ill health.
Hi Henry was born in Buffalo, N. Y., August 22, 1844.
WM. E.— HINES & BLOSSOM— NAT.
(Portraits reversed)
LEW.— SIMMONS & WHITE— FRANK H.
JNO.— QUEEN & WEST— WM.
(Portraits reversed)
JAS.— TIEENEY & WAYNE— CHAS.
174 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
William FootEj the well-known minstrel manager, began and ended his
career in that branch of theatricals.
In 1861 he was treasurer with M. C. Campbell's Minstrels; and in 1864 was
agent for Haverly and Mallory ; this being one of Haverly's earliest minstrel
ventures.
Subsequently he was associated with Sam Sharpley, La Rue and many of the
earlier burnt cork troupes.
In conjunction with Mr. Haverly, on January i, 1876, he re-organized the
New Orleans Minstrels, and when Haverly amalgamated the famous Mastodons
in 1878, Mr. Foote was manager, and continued in that capacity for several years.
William Foote was born in Utica, N. Y., February 22, 1844; he died in
Albany, N. Y., March 2, 1899.
J. C. Campbell (George Keller St. John), better known as "Pomp" Camp-
bell, from the fact that he portrayed the character of "Pomp" in the play of that
name in 1871, was a printer by trade, in Dayton, Ohio.
He was an excellent comedian and equally clever as a tambourine or bone
player. His first important engagement was with the Morris Minstrels in the
middle 6o's ; subsequently he was with Kelly and Leon in New York, opening
there August 31, 1868; also with John Hooley and Hawxhurst's Minstrels in
Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1873.
J. C. Campbell was born in Frederick, Md. ; he died in Brooklyn, N. Y.,
January 26, 1875; age 31 years.
Geo. Frothingham, the famous basso, who created and played Friar Tuck
in "Robin Hood," more than 3,000 times, was many years in the minstrel
profession, and as far back as 1869 was with Dougherty, Wild, Barney and
Mac's Minstrels, also Sharpley's, Billy Morris' and Swayne Buckley's Min-
strels.
In the late 7o"s and early 8o"s he sat in the middle with Carncross and
Dixey's and Carncross' Minstrels, res{)ectively, in Philadelphia.
An interesting photo of Mr. Frothingham will be found elsewhere in the
book.
George Frothingham was born in Boston, Mass., April 12, 1844.
Dick Ralph. This good old-timer made his first appearance at Burtis'
Varieties, Brooklyn, N. Y., under the name of Master Tommy, in i860, doing
a jig and the "Essence"; in 1861 he was with Christy's Minstrels under the
name of Mast. Dick Reynolds; a year later he was "Mast. ;.Brigg" with Camp-
bell's Minstrels, in New York City.
In 1863 he decided that his own name was good enough, and as such he
opened at Hooley's Minstrels, Brooklyn, N. Y. Other minstrel companies he
was identified with were — Cool White's Broadway Minstrels ; Hooley's, New
York City (201 Bowery); Cotton and Sharpley's, New York City; return to
Hooley's, Brooklyn, i86q: Kelly and Leon's, New York City; Sam Sharpley's,
and Kelly and Leon's, Chicago.
Mr. Ralph was a popular end man, being equally proficient with the bones
or tambourine ; but it was as a dancer that he excelled ; his "Essence" and
"George, the Charmer," are well remembered-'by many; he was likewise a versa-
tile musician.
FROM -DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 175
Mr. Ralph appeared ^jme years ago in the drama, "(Jur South." with suc-
cess.
Dick Ralph was born m I'.rooklyn. X. Y., March 22, 1844 — but not on Good
Friday, as he a\ers ; that day fell un April 5. that year,
I\Iel\'I.N" S. Kl'Rtz was a comedian and song and ilance performer; his first
appearance was in I'liiladelphia about 1862,
Me was the husband of ]\Iarie \'an Zandt, actress, whom he married about
1874,
Mr. Kurtz's last appearance was (Jctober 15, 1881,
He was l">rn ui Lancaster, I'a., July 29, 1844; he died in Philadelphia,
March 20, 1882.
"RiCAkiid ' I Prilcy McKeevcr) well and favorably l<nown as a clever female
impersonator, was with Mrs, Matt. Peel's Minstrels about 1863.
Subsequently he appeared with the Associated .\rtists of Kellv and Leon
in i8')Q, Parly in 1870 he j'lined Billy Emerson's Minstrels, and on April 10,
1871. made hi> debut wuh Manning's ^Pnstrels in Chicago.
Me was a member of llaverly's Minstrels in Xovemher, 1873, after the
latter with<lrew from Cal. Wagner. Later he was associated with some of the
[irincipal mm>trel organizations.
"Ricardo" was born m Ireland, about 1844; he died in Xew York City,
( )ctober 30, 1883.
JdiiN I'xswoRTii i-^ the only living representative of Anderson's }iPnstrels,
(Organized in r.ii--ton late in 1850.
Mr. Cnsworth was a.->ociated with his brother, James L'nsworth. and
"Eugene ' practically their entire professional careers.
He was born m Liverpool, England, January 12, 1844 — and is not sorry.
JoiixxY Ai.LEX (George Erb ) was an excellent comedian and dancer, and
especially well remembered for his "Xicodemus Johnson,'' a song and dance.
His first appearance in black-face was in 1861. October 23, 1865 he joined
Ilooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn. X. Y. March 5. 1866 he was at the opening
of Seaver's ]\Pnstrel Hall, ^ame city, and (Jctober i. he was also at the initial
performance of Kelly and Leon's Minstrels in Xew York: Emerson, Allen and
Maiming's ^ilinstrels gave their first performance in Brooklyn, X. Y., in June.
1868. Mr. .Allen seceded from the organization 3.1ay 22, following, and a
month later helped to organize .\llen and Sam Sharpley's Minstrels.
Brooklyn. .\'. Y., aPo saw the first performance of Allen. Pettengill. Dele-
hanty and Hengler's APnstrels. September 22. i8(iii: a few months later it was
Johnny .'\.llen's Minstrels. Mr. Allen next branched out as a German comedian
in the play of "Schneider." He continued alternately with this and minstrel
engagements until the early 80' s ; the first performance of "Schneider" was on
March, 24. 1871. April 6. 1874, he opened with Hart and Ryman's Minstrels
and a few weeks later Johnnv Allen's Cosmopolitan ^Pnstrels toured briefiy.
When Dan. Bryant died. April 10, 1875, Mr. Allen sat in the latter's chair m
Xew York, and when May 3. following, Xeil Bryant's Minstrels were organized,
Johnny Allen was with them. September 18, 1876, he re-appeared with Kelly
iji'j M0X.4RCHS OF MIXSTRELSY,
and Leon's ?ilinstrels in Xew York. Johnny Allen was born in Newark. X. J.,
April 20. 1844; he died there January 16. 1S85.
Charlev Suttox iLemani. This well-known performer of the past was
a member of the "Young Campbell's Minstrels." a famous amateur organization
of Boston, about iSoo.
Mr. Sutton was a comedian of unquestionable ability, and had been with
most of the prominent minstrel organizations of his time, notably Emerson's
I\Iin-trels ui San hrancisco, later going to Australia with that cranpany, opening
at .Melbourne. .Vugust 2. 1S73. He was with Charley Aiorris' }ilinstrels in 1S77,
and afterwards with llo(.)le_\'s.
He sailed fwr Eurojie .Vpril 24. iSSo. and joined .^iloore and Eurgess' [Min-
strels, in Lonflon. and rc-mamed there for SL>me time. .Vbout 1885 he became
one of the team of Eunth and Rudd. doing a grotesque act in white-face: he was
thereafter known as Hugo Uunth.
Charles Sutton was born in Eoston. Mass.. in 1844; he died in ?\Iosco\v,
Russia. January 27. iooj.
EiLLv \\'n.n. the r.ld-time black-face performer, made his first professional
appearance at the Eella Union Theatre. San Francisco, about 1866. doing a black-
face -ong and dance. In 1871 he was with L'nsworth's AEnstrels. Eater he
formed a partnership with Charley .\rmstrong : they played an engagement with
Simmons and Slocum's Minstrels about 1873. in Ehiladelphia.
.Mr. Willi's last black face appearance was at the Howard .Athcnseum. in
Boston, in 18S6. i'.illy Wild was born in Xew York. January 21. 1S44.
Xeil Rogers, a capable and clever comedian, and a brother of Stevie Rogers,
had a comparative! v brief career as a minstrel.
His last apiK-arance was at Eastor's Theatre in Xew York. He was born
in Elmira. and died in Xew York. February 28. 1873.
Harry Bloodgood (Carlos ^loran) was one of the most accomplished and
versatile performers that ever blacked his face: good in everything he undertook;
he could sing, dance and act.
He made his first Xew York appearance at the American Theatre, and re-
mained there one year. In May. 1866. he joined Eoyce and ]\Eidge's ^Enstrels ;
subsequently appearing with Sam Sharpley's. and later with Joseph Trowbridge,
he had the Bloijdgood and Trowbridge's AEnstrels : their season ended July 16.
1871 : Mr. Bloodgood then taking his own show, with which he traveled inter-
mittently for several seasons.
El i860 he aEo was associated with Delehanty, Hengler and Bloodgood's
}iEnstrcls.
yir. I'.liiodgood was without e.-vception the most pronounced favorite that
ever played the old Howard .A.then3eum in Boston; he was in the stock there at
various times, covering a period of several \'ears,
-Vbout 1881 he wrote and appeared in the play. "Hi.x's Fi.x." sharing'
the lead with W. A. !\Iestayer; the piece was afterwards called "Wanted. .\
Fartner. '
Mr. Bloodgood married Helene Smith, the danseuse. about 1S64: they were
divorced in the spring of 1867: and on January 20. 1870. in Boston, he married
FRANK GEVER
KDW. S.WDS
IKKU DRWWT
lot Cryain :
CHARLEY SEAMON
(of Seamon & Sommers)
JOHN BOWMAN
or Bowman & Harris)
1
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u
.#•
1
i
J
EDDIE EOGERT
rof Roeert & 0'Eri.;r. I
JOHN D. GILBERT
( oi Courtright & Gilbert)
ARTIE IlCOlil-.S
(oi Fosicr o: Hughes)
1 -•...■-■ - \
'■.-.',„■ •
JM
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^^
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MlkiB^^-
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Tfi.M.MY TURNER
(of Thr.-e Turner Hrother")
Dir.LV WILLIAMS
(of W
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FDW KENNEDY
(of Chfevers & Kennedy)
"ALL ALONE"; THEY PINE FOR THEIR PARTNERS.
ir« MOX.-iRCHS OF MIXSTRELSV,
Clara Gettis, also a dancer. It was not until about three years later that he
found connubial blessedness, when he married Lisle Riddell, with whom he lived
most happily the balance of his life.
^Ir. Bloodgood made a distinct hit playing Uncle Tom at the Boston Theatre,
with an all-star cast.
Harry Bloodgood was born in Savannah, Georgia, March 31, 1S45; '"^
died in N. Conway, N. H., June 12, 1886.
Lucius ^L Phelps, of the well-known song and dance team of Stiles and
Phelps, also Armstrong, Stiles and I'helps, had been out of the profession about
tour years prior to his death, which ticcurred in Springfield, Mass., about
August, 1876.
He had been with L'nsworth's ]\Iinstrels in 1871 ; }iIoran and Dixey's in
1872. and also with the companies of Skiff and Gaylord, Carncross and Dixey,
and Hooley's.
Xed Fox was a brother of Jim Fox. of Goss and Fox, and was very well
known during his comparatively brief career, as a comedian of more than ordi-
nary merit.
After his death, the following lines by Billy Devere, were dedicated to his
( Fox's j widow:
"Another old-timer gone they said.
As I came to the green-room door to-night ;
Another "old pard" has passed away
To that beauteous land of joy and light —
Buoyeil aloft by a Saviour's love.
Searching the home of the good and true
As Xoah from the Ark sent the carrier dove
Out of the old world into the new."
Xed Fox died at Hartford, Conn., ]\Iarch 28, 1875 • ^S^ about 30 years.
\Y. S. !MuLL.\LLV was one of the best and most prominent of minstrel
leaders.
As early as when he was fifteen years of age he was leader at a Boston
theatre. His final minstrel engagement was about 1864 with Hy. Rumsey's
Company.
The following year he joined the San Francisco Minstrels in X'ew York,
and continued with them about fifteen years. In the summer of i860 he played
in Liverpool, England, with Smith and Taylor's ]\Iinstrels. He was with
Charley Reed's Minstrels in San Francisco in 1884.
Subsequently he played an extended engagement with Dockstader's Min-
strels in Xew York, and later was with several legitimate and farcical attrac-
tions. He had composed considerable dramatic and popular music, and was
the author of "Mottoes That .Are Framed Upon the Wall."
He was born in Manchester, England, in 1845 ; he died in Westboro, Mass..
August 2, 1905.
Harry Percy (John H. Peabody) a prominent vocalist of many import-
ant minstrel companies, died at Jersey City, X. J., January 2, 1880.
FROM -D.lDDy RICE TO DATE.- i79
Charles Goodyear was well-known as a capable and clever comedian.
He entered the profession when a boy, and had been prominently associ-
ated with such well-known minstrel organizations as Haverly's, Primrose and
West's, and Cleveland's. He was al^o co-proprietor of Goodyear, Cook and
Dillon's, and Goodyear, Schilling and Elitch's Minstrels.
He was especially instrumental in the planning and building of Elitch's
Garden in Denver, Colorado, and had been connected with it since its opening.
Charles Goodyear was born on Staten Island, N. Y., February i8, 1845 :
he died in Denver, Colorado, May 13, 1897.
Johnny Shay, who excelled in the delineation of negro characters, began
his professional career in Louisville, Ky.
He was several seasons with Harrigan and Hart in New York, where he
enjoyed wide popularity.
He was born in Liverpool, England, in 1845 ; he died in New York, October
20, 1879.
Johnny McVeigh entered the variety profession about 1858; he was a
good black-face performer and dancer.
He was born in Bambury, England, in 1845 ; he died in New York, January
20, 1883.
"Lotta" (Lotta Crabtree), one of the greatest and most famous soubrettes
of the American stage, "blacked up" many times in her early career. In
October, 1863, she was a member of a minstrel company playing Virginia City,
California, at Alaguire's Theatre.
Barry Maxwell says that when he was with Spalding and Manning's Min-
strels more than four years ago, a colored boy in Columbia, Tenn., came up and
asked for the boss ; having found him, he inquired if he wanted anyone to "tote
catalogues." He wanted to pass bills.
Willis Paljier Sweatnam, long known to his familiars as "Billy," began
his theatrical career at the age of seven years, playing comedy parts in white-
face with a juvenile company called the Union Children.
His first black-face appearance was at the Western Museum in Cincinnati,
four years later, occupying the bone end in a minstrel show.
Mr. Sweatnam entered minstrelsy proper at the age of fifteen, when he was
a member of a boat show plying the Little Miami Canal in Ohio; the boat was
the "Huron," and was the fastest boat of that name that traveled the canal. Mr.
Sweatnam shortly after this went South, and became lessee of the Savannah
Theatre, where minstrel performances were given.
Subsequently he became a member of Fred Wilson's Minstrels in St. Louis,
Newcomb's Minstrels in Cincinnati, Skiff and Gaylord's, and Morris Brothers.
Mr. Sweatnam was the principal comedian of Simmons and Slocum's Min-
strels at the opening of that famous organization in Philadelphia. September
6, 1875, he was taken in as a partner, the firm name being Simmons, Slocum
and Sweatnam's Minstrels, by which it was known until October 28, 1876, after
which it became Sweatnam's Minstrels, and later, December 25, 1876, Sweat-
nam and Eraser's Minstrels. Mr. Sweatnam played several engagements in
i8o MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
San Francisco with Charley Reed's, Emerson's, and Maguire's Minstrels ; with
Dockstader's, and Birch and Backus in New York; with Haverly in Chicago,
also in Europe ; Moore and Burgess in London, England, and Carncross in
Philadelphia.
In 1887, commencing July 25, at Albany, N. Y., Sweatnam. Rice and Pagan's
Minstrels were organized; this was one of the most magnificent companies of its
kind the world ever saw.
^Ir. Sweatnam subsequently played an extended engagement with Cleve-
land's Minstrels, and shortly afterwards made his appearance in the "City
Directory," a famous farce of twenty years ago ; he was with this company three
seasons; several more under the management of Charles E. Blaney, and then
with the "County Chairman" for three years.
He was next seen in "George Washington, Jr." ; in all of these plays Mr.
Sweatnam's art shone forth resplendently.
As a delineator of the negro character he is alone and without a peer; there
is but one Sweatnam, nor is it likely we will ever have another. During the
present season of 1910 he played a black-face part with the "Summer Widowers."
Willis P. Sweatnam was born in Zanesville, Ohio.
Frank Howard fMartindale), famed as one of minstrelsy's greatest tenors,
and who was with McNish, Johnson and Slavin's ; Thatcher, Primrose and
West's, and Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West's Minstrels in the 8o's; is said
to be living in Chicago.
Charles Fostelle (Stephens) of late years was best known for his por-
trayal of eccentric female characters, but long before — well, just read on.
His first appearance was made in Detroit, Mich., in dramatic stock. The
year following he made his first appearance in black-face with Gal. Wagner's
Minstrels, as a wench dancer.
Subsequent minstrel engagements were with Billy Arlington's ; Dingess and
Green's; Harry Robinson's; Simmons and Slocum's, (Philadelphia); (Wm.
Henry) Rice's, in Cincinnati; Purdy and Vincent's; Arlington, Cotton and
Kemble's ; Allen, Delehanty and Hengler's, and his own company, Purdy, Scott
and Fostelle's Minstrels, opening at Denver, Colorado, March 4, 1872. His
last minstrel engagement was with Sweatnam, Rice and Pagan's Minstrels, sea-
son of 1887-88.
Since then Mr. Fostelle has appeared with Corinne for ten years ; starred
in "Mrs. Partington" for five years, and for a season was located in New York
City with the Weber & Field's Company.
Charles Fostelle was born in New York City, and he's there now.
John S. Stout (Shafer) is one of the best-known singers in minstrelsy.
He first appeared with Rumsey's Minstrels in 1864, and has appeared suc-
cessfully, if not successively with such well known companies as Skifif and Gay-
lord's ; Buckley's ; Simmons and Slocum's ; Haverly's ; Barlow, Wilson, Primrose
and West's ; Sharpley's ; Duprez and Benedict's ; Cal. Wagner's and many others.
His last minstrel engagement was with the Barlow, Wilson Company,
John S. Stout was born in Dayton, Ohio, July 4, 1845.
JOE. BUCKLEY
BOB. SHEPPARD
JOHN L. CARNCROSS
BOB. ERASER
JAMES GLENN EPH. HORN
A PAGE OF PHILADELPHIANS.
i82 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Robert J. Filkins, at one time one of Haverly's most valued executives, got
his early schooling with John Robinson's circus, with which organization he
became identified with in about 1867.
In 1874 he met Col. Haverly in New Orleans, and at once joined the latter's
forces, and continued under the Haverly banner for three years.
In 1879 he was in charge of the business management of the present 14th
Street Theatre, New York, at that time Haverly's Theatre.
Grace Filkins, the present well-known actress, was his wife.
Robert J. Filkins was born in Michigan ; he died in Wichita, Kansas, April
19, 1886; age about 40 years.
Ike Withers was one of the early ones to do a musical act in a minstrel
show.
His first professional appearance was with Bryant's Minstrels in New York
in 1862.
Subsequent minstrel engagements were with Wilson's Minstrels in St. Louis ;
Kelly and Leon's ; Nevvcomb and Arlington's ; Skiff and Gaylord's ; Sharpley's ;
Simmons and Slocum's, and the San Francisco's, in New York, where he
remained thirteen years.
Ike Withers was born in Palmyra, N. Y., July 29, 1845; he is now a guest at
the Actors' Home, Staten Island, N. Y.
James Sharpley was the last surviving member of the three Sharpley's;
Fred, Charles and James ; a prominent musical act of the 70's.
Mr. Sharpley, who had been blind some time previous to his death, was an
exceptionally clever performer on the concertina.
He was born in Liverpool, England, and died in New York City, May 12,
1902 ; age 57 years.
William H. Crane, one of America's foremost legitimate comedians,
appeared in black-face with an amateur organization called the "Young Camp-
bell" Minstrels; Mr. Crane fixes the date in the fall of i860.
The little band were offered $2.50 a piece to play the small town of Stough-
ton, Mass., irrespective of the fact that the comedians services might possibly
be rated higher than one of the musicians. Nevertheless the juvenile "corkers"
accepted; the $30.00 went into the coffers of the most popular restaurant to be
found that same evening.
William H. Crane was born in Leicester, Mass., April 30, 1845.
R. G. ("Boots") Allen was an excellent banjoist and in conjunction with
Fred. Huber in 1878-79, played the principal variety houses.
In the Spring of 1880, with Harry Woodson, he formed Woodson and
Allen's Minstrels, which continued at intermittent periods for about two or
three years.
In December, 1881, he played an engagement with Emerson's Minstrels in
San Francisco, and in the summer of 1886 Allen's Banjo Minstrels inaugurated
a brief season.
R. G. Allen died May 21, 1892; age 47 years.
B. C. Hart, who has so long and ably represented the New York Morn-
ing Telegraph, and who is personally known to nearly every vaudevillian in
FROM "DADDV RICE TO DATE. 183
the country, did a black-face act with the late Billy Barry in Memphis, Tenn.,
in 1868; that was the first. Since then and as late as 1881, Mr. Hart met with
flattering success in his portrayal of "Old Black Joe" and ia the sketch of the
"Old Servant's Return."
As a "bingler on the bones," and "thumber of the tambourine," Mr. Hart
has often responded to "Gentlemen, be seated." Now for a secret. B. C. Hart
was born in Cincinnati, Ohio., September 10, 1845. Wouldn't believe it would
you?
Sheridan and Mack were a great protean character sketch team. They
never had their superiors, and it is doubtful if their equal was known during
their partnership, which was formed in the middle 6o's, doing black-face songs
and dances. They soon left off burnt cork and were the first recognized black-
face team to do so. They played innumerable minstrel engagements, and were
always in demand. Mr. Sheridan's first professional appearance was April 12,
1864. After separating from Mr. Mack he played minstrel engagements, doing a
single specialty. Later he went to Australia where he met with phenomenal suc-
cess playing a female Irish part in "Fun on the Bristol."
John F. Sheridan was born in Providence, R. I. ; he died in Sydney, Australia.
December 25, 1908.
James H. Mack (McGrath) was born in Providence, R. I.; he was the hus-
band of Ada Boshell, the well-known actress.
]\Ir. Mack died in New York, December 24, 1889; age 41 years.
E. M. Hall was one of minstrelsy's greatest ban joists, and a good comedian.
His career began in 1865, doing a song and dance with Sharpley's Minstrels;
subsequently he did banjo duets with Harry Stanwood. Later he was identified
with such well-known minstrel organizations as Emerson's, in San Francisco ;
Manning's, in Chicago ; Carncross', in Philadelphia', and Moore and Burgess',
in London, England, in 1880. In the latter city he joined Haverly's Minstrels,
with whom he was a star feature for several seasons. In 1875 he was associated
with E. M. Kayne and Ned. Wambold in a minstrel venture bearing their names.
December 30, 1903, Mr. Hall purchased a ticket for the matinee performance
at the Iroquois Theatre in Chicago ; that was the date of the fearful holocaust,
and he has never been seen since.
E. M. Hall was born in Chelsea, Me., a'bout 1845.
John Lang, a well-known and popular tenor vocalist, who was with Arling-
ton, Cotton and Kemble's Minstrels in Chicago, died in that city, December 5.
1874.
Hugh Hamall was the fourth son of the late Arthur Hamall, and a singer
of more than ordinary merit. Previous to his death he had been a member of
Hamall's Serenaders.
Mr. Hamall died in Montreal, Canada, October 10, 1875.
J. C. ("Toothless") Murphy, the old-time comedian and "Excelsion Bone
Player," was with Harry Robinson's Minstrels in 1874, and other prominent
organizations subsequently. Mr. Murphy was the husband of Marie De Von,
from whom he separated in Chicago, April 6, 1877. Mr. Murphy is still active,
and a resident of Nashville, Tenn.
i84 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Delehanty and Hengler — These truly wonderful artists were the great-
est in their line that the world ever knew, or ever will know, in all probability.
William H. Delehanty made his first appearance in his native city at the old
Green Street Theatre, at the age of 14; he did a bone solo, and incidentally it '
may be remarked that in their manipulation he ranked with the best in minstrelsy.
About 1865 he joined Skiff and Gaylord's Minstrels, where he did songs
and dances with John H. Ward, under the team name of Delehanty and Ward;
they continued with this company until November 11, 1866, when Mr. Delehanty
severed his business relations with Ward, and just one week later, joined T. M.
Hengler with Dingess and Green's Minstrels at Champaign, 111. ; this season
closed at Penn Yan, N. Y., January 7, 1867.
Their first New York appearance was with Kelly and Leon's Minstrels.
August 12, 1867.
On September 22, 1869, (Johnny) Allen, Delehanty, Hengler and Petten-
gill's (Charley) Minstrels gave their first performance in Brooklyn, N. Y.
Previous to this, and for several years subsequent, they had their own va-
riety companies ; in addition to playing the best variety theatres in the land ; like-
wise were they identified with some of the foremost minstrel organizations ; they
also made a trip to Europe, playing England and Ireland.
In the Summer of 1875, Delehanty and Hengler separated in Pittsburg.
Mr. Delehanty then formed a partnership with James Cummings, and as Dele-
hanty and Cummings they made their first appearance at the Theatre Comique,
New York, August 23, 1875.
December 4, 1876, Delehanty and Hengler, who were something more than
business associates, again formed a partnership, reappearing at the Howard
Athenaeum in Boston ; the alliance was broken by the death of Delehanty.
William H. Delehanty was more than a good dancer; he was a thorough
musician, and a man of intellect. He composed most of the songs and dances
that the team used, notably "Little Bunch of Roses," "Apple of My Eye," "I
Hope I Don't Intrude," "Strawberries and Cream" and many others. Delehanty
and Hengler were the original "Happy Hottentots," though this act was exten-
sively copied.
T. M. Hengler came to this country at the age of three months, and at the
age of two years his family settled in Albany, N. Y., where ten years later he
made his first public appearance at the Green Street Theatre ; subsequently he
was with W. W. Newcomb's Minstrels for three seasons; later he was with
Sharpley's Minstrels.
He joined W. H. Delehanty in 1866, and continued as his partner until 1875,
after which time he did a single act, and was known as "The Merry Minstrel."
In December, 1876, he rejoined Delehanty, and continued with him until the
latter's death.
When Mr. Delehanty died, Mr. Hengler seemed to lose all ambition for the
stage; he mourned his old friend sincerely, and played infrequently; in the name
only was he the "Merry Minstrel."
Tom Hengler was likewise the author of several songs, notably "Sweet
Aleen" and "My Pretty Little Kittie," also the musical sketch "Fun in the
Kitchen."
Mr. Hengler married Miss May Fanning in 1870; they had two daughters
who have helped to perpetuate their father's name and fame — Flo and May
Hengler.
n4w YORK.
MONDAY. SEPIBMBER 13. 1839
•^SSS;^a*s^SS«<SB<^?«^:'l=S«s^*«^»««*^S^^
f
mechaMcshalli
^ 472 Broad'way, above Grand Street.
|QPEN EVERY NIGHTj
f: Front Seats iiiTariably Reaeired for Ladies. <^
I n^^ ^^ nr r HT n m nn f n I
IBRYANT'S MINSTREIS
J THE EXCELSIOR TROUPE OF.THE WOBU. |
BRTAMT BROnCZStB
. - , f^<JplIctOtV ftDd MVUM^MV
Cbildi^D in Arms positively not AdMitted.
ttai Ift.lb* Doon or Paf'iv-
*W"— Positively no l,jpetlU<nt of th* 8««oi*i -
PROGRAMME-PART FIRST.
I
i
I
Jeny BiTfont
T a pvmdi
SK'
Orbod rnstrumoiital Ovorture ... . .'. .
Opealiie Chorum ■ ^x^i'i' ii«" ■■[..■r-nic.
Di\Tkfe« fflsh
Oh GtTi'Jy Brnnthw
Old mend, or Youth. mw. rL^l^^t
remal* Siuugglor ............ D«, Biy..iit
PAIIT SBOOKD- VllRlcriF^
Burleiqae Oataiina
I
J Tlallu S. ltk<*m<|i« - .P,Bt«»M
iTHS SXILED ZOUAVESl
I BURLESQUE AJFRIC AW POLKA |
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Poe! i-iid Dm V'rjinl
Bl RLE8Q11E ITALIAN OPERA
MUe Pici^ e Htnauy, rriois liroo:*. M'Clira? Vrry- Anery Cburi-*©
Count no Count McC-fiwj-, i'l'W^ T-ftcr »€ Dea! Brlri«.l© Btnnto
Sic iloul.ili:uj li^.aiUiOWJLi, CLia.) Hiii»*o &lS Dii»«ii» l.'rjol»U«£
HcCTS v.'^'ll' Po:m*d. lUiiUn' Heer Jmio La Bi««U* B:>*ntO
V SIC. Lift.riio McMatano :. - ■ 3* P'M;de«g«g
'1 SiJ. esrtliiero, ■■i.mc.T'i' -. -Bi* Bxtclcwio EintmOal
■It *i»ro DhtSnct OrebMtrae Efficient CiioiiUL Ac. )ti."i:lj'-lc uirf' " -t" -J" ''»i..fci.
'1 <.' Mou6.Ivijix-nn»bUc-Gtxay.«ow-e«la^an.aienorsUdac«Bti]oAd Bm^H4)etK>
J Loc*l Ennjo Soug. J UB.KOrtk'
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iSCENES AT PHAL0N'8|
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Jerry aud Da;i BryAut
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DIXIES' LAND
INI": THE WR-^LK TlC'irii. IS TliMH ri>TiV li, r-ANO'
Al>,MISSIOi\
. TAVE5(TY-FI^ E t'EJtTS
1 oiilgixiDiitruetieTui eu ihe.Violi*, Apr^? ai No- l(inb'i>! »'»■
i$«i-*Ss«TSlS5>^
SS^^i®!fr^.aSS
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FIRST PERFORMANCE OF "I WISH 1 WAS IN'
DIXIE"
,y. .^>. J- J- >.f^ J', \. >.y^ ^f-*^
THEATRE ROYAL
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Wm.IAlWSOW SQUiUUB.
Ni^^ers, have at you all !" ,
I'UiiiM:.'!' J'J' KL/'JM ■«
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OLD
JOll SWEENY,
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BENEFIT
On FRIDAY, FEB. 7tb, 1845.
««. l»»(|fRjl»illlHr«ODUCinHE MONSTfR OPHICUtPt.
Filimi MBIES AJD YpAHTAB lAIDS.
'. ' IIUI tun l\IUIIIIIII. M iiWU UlXfUUlU
ALBION. SCOTIA. AND MIBER^IA.
MR. 1. LiPMAN. THE KING OF VAULT Ens;
_ mi: cT.mTi'iittn injimn
The CANAOI/VN PALmSV.-Prcilidonl.,"
THE^^SONS OF iaZX.O.
V ■.fC: HT ]»F APOM.M^ !
■fADAME FRAiniTINA.
MGLAP & AMERICA,
THE E-rmOrCAN relV-STRCJLS.
THE CnlEK AND SARACEM 7
iHt iiniiP3Di»N. imsTtTa, aiv(«, in his pimihr ah,
•iiCmTVhn ami m^ itKiiiill It ntiitU'i;. -^ ;
CYWINi? STIC aAOTBOr.S !
^4:
HORSEMAN OF THE WILDS.
AMERICAH iAMPSON. JR. MSf|FLD._
DRKS< B'ilV. Jv-t i'l'KR llll\. lv.li..;-IMI.
■^■■
dt^-X.
^.^J
OLD LnERPOOL, ENG., BILL
TWO RARE PROGRAMMES.
i86 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
•William H. Delehanty was born in Albany, N. Y., September 25, 1846;
he died in New York City, May 13, 1880.
T. M. Hengler (Slattery) was born in the town of Cashel, Ireland, in
1844; he died in Brooklyn, N. Y-. August 21, 1888.
Billy Emerson (Redmond) was a unique figure in minstrelsy, for he stood
absolutely alone in his chosen profession; never before his advent had his equal
been seen, nor will we ever again.
The acme of versatility, the personification of grace, the quintessence of
greatness, such was Billy Emerson, who was gifted with a voice that an opera
singer might have envied, and endowed by Nature with talents that are but
seldom given to man.
His very early days were spent in Oswego, N. Y., but soon with his family
moved to Washington, D. C, where he made his first professional appearance
with Joe Sweeney's Minstrels about 1858. From i860 to 1864 he played chiefly
in the music halls; in that year he joined Robert's and Wilson's Minstrels; also
in 1864 he was with Sanderson's Minstrels.
His first prominent minstrel engagement was with Newcomb and Arlington
in 1866. December 3, 1866, he made his initial New York appearance at Pastor's
Theatre. In 1867 he joined Nevvcomb's Minstrels, and continued with them
(barring a brief interval when he was with Spalding and Bidvvell) until the
organization of his own company, June, 1868, when Emerson, Allen and Mann-
ing's Minstrels gave their initial performance in Brooklyn, N. Y.
May 22, 1869, Johnny Allen withdrew, and the company continued as Emer-
son and IManning's Minstrels until January, 1870, when the two partners separ-
ated. February 11, 1870, the first performance of Emerson's Minstrels was
given, and on November 23, same year, he made his bow under the astute man-
agement of Tom Maguire, in San Francisco, the city which to this day reveres
the memory of Billy Emerson.
Later the company moved to the Alhambra, and after a trip East, he re-
turned and the name was changed to Emerson's Minstrels.
May 12, 1873, with his company, he sailed for Australia, opening at Mel-
bourne, August 2 ; subsequently Mr. Emerson made two other trips to the Anti-
podes.
On January 14, 1878, he took the management of the Olympic Theatre, New
York, installing his company ; the engagement was a brief one, and on the fol-
lowing February 28, in conjunction with Smith, Waldron, Lester and Allen,
"Emerson and the Big Four Minstrels" were organized and traveled for several
months.
In Chicago, June 30, 1879, with R. M. Hooley, the famous Megatherian
Minstrels gave their first performance, and continued for a season.
Mr. Emerson was a member of Haverly's Minstrels when they opened in
London, England, July 31, 1880.
San Francisco welcomed its idol on October 17, 1881, when Emerson's Min-
strels opened at the Standard Theatre, and remained until the Spring of 1884.
Later he was with the Haverly-Cleveland Minstrels, and afterwards the
Cleveland organization.
April 2, 1888, he became an equal partner with Frank McNish and Carroll
Johnson with McNish, Johnson and Slavin's Minstrels, owing to the indisposition
FROM -DADDY- RICE TO DATE. 187
of Bob Slavin, who was not appearing with the company. August 6, 1888, he
again opened in San Francisco with Emerson's ^linstrels.
In the Summer of 1898 he was with the Wilson-Cleveland Minstrels a few
weeks, and then played an engagement with William H. West's ]\Iinstrels. Emer-
son's career practically ended with this company.
Let us think of him only for his neat songs and dances, of which he was one
of the pioneers, and in which he never had an equal.
Let us remember him for his "Big Sunflower," written by another, but
popularized by Emerson ; for "Moriarity" will never be forgotten, and we hope
that after the trials and vicissitudes of this world, he has "Backed the ^Vinner"'
in the ne.xt.
He married Miss Maggie Homer, at Covington, Ky., June 25, 1869.
Billy Emerson was born in Belfast, Ireland, July 4, 1846; he died in Boston,
Mass., February 22, 1902.
E. i\I. Kavxe (Kerr), was a well known and capable interlocutor and bass
singer.
His professional career began about forty years ago when he appeared under
his own name. April 10, 1875, in conjunction with E. M. Hall and Ned. Wambold,
he organized a minstrel company which had a brief existence.
Mr. Kayne was one of Haverly's original Mastodons in 1878, and continued
with Ilaverly for several seasons.
For some time prior to his death,' which occurred in Chicago a few years
ago, he was employed in that city in a mercantile establishment.
H.\RRy Kernell, one of the greatest Irish comedians the variety stage ever
knew, was an end man with Hyde and Behman's Minstrels in 1885 ; and for
many years before that. He died in New York, March, 1893.
, Ed. Marble came from an old theatrical family of the legitimate stage.
He joined Thatcher, Primrose and West's Minstrels in 1884 as interlocutor,
and continued with them several seasons.
He subsequently wrote and produced "Tu.xedo" for George Thatcher, and
it was a pronounced success. Mr. Marble later played with Mr. Thatcher in
vaudeville. His daughter is Mary Marble, well known in vaudeville circles.
Ed. Marble was born in Buffalo, N. Y., September 6, 1846; he died in
^rooklyn, N. Y., August 9, 1900.
J. Melville Jansen entered the profession in 1874 at Fall River, Mass.,
with Gus Bruno, and as Johnson and Bruno, they continued as a black-face acro-
batic song and dance team for five years ; and they were rated with the best.
They played the principal variety houses and some of the best minstrel companies,
notably Sweatnam's in 1878.
Mr. Jansen separated from Mr. Bruno about 1879, and afterwards worked
alone, and did a stump speech ; he then took his own name, so as not to conflict
with Carroll Johnson, who was at that time also known as James Johnson.
About 1882 he formed a partnership with Sam Swain, doing a black-face
act, and a few months later he made his appearance at Carncross' Minstrels in
Philadelphia ; he remained seven years, after which he joined Primrose and
West's Company, and continued with them for a considerable period.
i88 MONARCHS OF MINSTkELSY,
Mr. Jansen was a fine end man, and very clever in his imitations of a monkey.
J. Melville Jansen was born in Quebec, Can., he died at Downingtown,
Pa., November 23, 1896; age about 50 years.
The season of 1882-83 there were thirty-two minstrel companies on the road.
Ben Brown was one of the great jig dancers of his day, when dancers were
plentiful and efficient.
Very early he saw his name on the billboards, he said; and in 1865
he won a diamond studded cross containing eleven stones ; the contest was at
Bryan's Hall, Chicago ; among the competitors were "English" Tommy Peel,
Johnny Boyd and Alex Ross ; all passed away.
But I'm 'way ahead of my story. His first regular appearance was with Billy
Wray at Beller's Music Hall, Detroit, Mich., playing "Young Scamp." He was
with the Mrs. Matt. Peel's Minstrels in 1861. Leaving them he joined Booker
and Evart's Minstrels at Jackson, Mich., taking the place of the famed Dick
Sliter, who had just died; this was May 21, 1861.
Subsequently he joined the DeHaven and Hutchins Show, touring Europe;
other circus engagements were the John Robinson Company and Mike Lipman s.
In 1870 he joined Cal. Wagner's Minstrels at Syracuse, under "Jack" Hav-
erly's management ; three years later Haverly started his own organization ; but
Mr. Brown remained faithful to his first love; and subsequently he toured with his
own organization.
One of Mr. Brown's feats in his earlier days was to do a jig with a glass
full of water on his head, without disturbing the water — or his head; later on he
danced with a plough on the same place where the glass was wont to rest.
In 1878 he married, and a couple of years later he settled down in St. Louis,
Mo., where he resided until his death.
Ben Brown was born in Chicago, March 17, 1846; he died in St. Louis, Mo.,
June 10, 1910.
Neil Burgess, who won fame and fortune as Aunt Abigail in the "County
Fair," was a black-face performer for several years.
In 1875 he made a brief tour with Neil Burgess' Minstrels ; they closed at
Brockville, Canada, June 14, that year.
Neil. Burgess was born in Boston, Mass., June 29, 1846; he died in New
York, February 19, 19 10.
John Prenderg.\st was a clever song and dance performer, and the first
partner of John Hogan, with whom he played a season's engagement at Bryant's
Minstrels in New York City.
He joined Hogan in 1865. He died in Pittsburg, Pa., August ic 1869; age
23 years.
GEO. THATCHER
has just rounded out forty-seven years of active theatrical life; for it was in
September, 1863, that he made his first stage appearance, doing a jig (wonder
if he can do it now?), and appearing in black-face; this was in Baltimore. Sub-
sequently he came near being a Dutch comedian.
H
2
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O iJ
ii
2>
igo MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
K year later Mr. Thatcher's hopes of being a great song and dance performer
received a severe jolt; Billy Emerson was the unconscious cause. Realizing that
Emerson excelled him so far; Mr. Thatcher in his next engagement told gags
between songs that he sang, and claims that then and there he originated the
monologue.
Mr. Thatcher says his first important engagement was at Tony Pastor's in
New York in 1873. On November 10, that year, he made his first appearance
with Simmons and Slocum's Minstrels in Philadelphia, continuing with that
organization and that of Simmons, Slocum and Sweatnam about four years.
August 20, 1877, he made his initial appearance with Haverly's Minstrels in
Philadelphia; in the Spring of the following year he played a brief engagement
with the same company.
Mr. Thatcher joined the San Francisco Minstrels in New York, December
10, 1877; his last appearance there was December 11, 1880. Nine days later he
opened in Philadelphia at the Arch Street Opera House with Thatcher and
Ryman's Minstrels, and continued under that trade-mark until the Spring of 1881.
Season of 1881-1882 saw George Thatcher's Minstrels at the same house. At
Elmira, N. Y., August 3, 1882, the first performance of Thatcher, Primrose and
West's Minstrels was given; the organization disbanded in the Spring of 1889.
The following season he was a feature with the Howard Athenaeum Company,
doing his famous monologue.
In 1890 Thatcher's Minstrels took the road ; the three succeeding seasons
he produced "Tuxedo," "Africa" and "About Gotham" respectively.
Then for two years with Carroll Johnson he headed Thatcher and Johnson's
Minstrels, terminating in the Spring of 1897.
Mr. Thatcher has since been in vaudeville singly, also at various periods
with Ed. Marble, Charley Ernest, Banks Winter, Mrs. Zenaide Thatcher and
Will Phillips.
Also did he play an engagement with Moore and Burgess' Minstrels in Lon-
don, England, about twenty-five years ago ; his success there was nothing short of
phenomenal.
Mr. Thatcher is a natural wit, always original, and an actor as well as a per-
former, as evinced by his clever interpretations of black-face characters in "The
County Chairman" and "Cameo Kirby."
In 1908 he was with Cohan and Harris' Minstrels, and in 1909 the feature
of Eddie Leonard's Minstrels.
George Thatcher was born in Baltimore, Md., July 15, 1846.
JoHX P. HoGAN. besides being a great dancer himself, has the ability to im-
part his skill to others.
Mr. Hogan began his professional career doing a song and dance with Stan-
ley and Mason's Minstrels in 1862.
In 1865 he joined Raynor and Christy's Minstrels, with Johnny Pren-
dergast doing a neat song and dance, which by the wa}^ they were probably
the first team to do such an act. That same year they joined Bryant's Min-
strels in New York, and the following season he formed a partnership with
Ruey Hughes at Bryant's Minstrels. In 1867 they were with Grififin and
Christy's Minstrels, located in New York.
Their next minstrel engagement was with Bryant's in 1868, also in the
metropolis.
FROM "DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 191
In 1869 the pair joined Buckley's Serenaders, and the following year
they were with Billy IManning's Minstrels, located in Chicago, where in the
Spring of 1871, Hogan and Hughes severed their business relations, owing
to the illness of the latter.
In May, 1871, Mr. Hogan joined the Hooley Minstrels in Chicago for
a supplemental traveling season; with this company he did a specialty with
J. K. Campbell.
Subsequently with Jimmy Cummings, he played an engagement at
Moran and Di.xey's Minstrels in Philadelphia, closing there about February
I, 1872, after which in a variety theatre in the same city he did "Let Me Be"
with Harry Kernell, who afterward gained fame as an Irish comedian.
Hogan and Mudge's Minstrels toured in 1872, likewise Hogan and Ella
Chapman played in the principal variety houses.
In 1874 Mr. Hogan returned to Bryant's Minstrels, and continued there
until the death of Dan Bryant, April 10, 1875. ^ f^'^^' months later he joined
hands with Charley Lord, and as Hogan and Lord played an engagement
with Kelly and Leon's Minstrels.
John Hogan was born in Montreal, Canada, March 14, 1847.
Arthur Moreland. Instances of black-face performers going from the
minstrel to the dramatic stage are of very frequent occurrence, but when a
legitimate performer goes into minstrelsy, we are inclined to rub our eyes,
sit up and take notice.
Such was the case of the subject of this sketch, whose professional debut
was made in Troy, N. Y., at the Griswold Opera House, April 14, 1865, in
the "Lady of Lyons"; this was not an animal show, as unthinking persons
might surmise.
Mr. Moreland next went to London, England, where for five months,
commencing in 1865, he played a stock engagement at the Sadler's Wells Thea-
tre. Returning to the United States extended engagements followed at St.
Louis, New Orleans, Louisville, Cincinnati and New York City. In 1872 he
assumed the management of Johnny Thompson, in "On Hand."
Mr. Moreland's next move was to the Olympic Theatre, in Brooklyn,
N. Y., 1873 ; it was here that ]\Ir. Moreland first became a "corker," though
he had been a corking good fellow fully a quarter of a century prior to that
date — and ever since.
His first minstrel engagement was with Hooley in 1876; the following
year he was with Maguire's Company in San Francisco, and later with
Emerson's Minstrels, same cit)'. In 1880 Mr. Moreland became a member of
the San Francisco Minstrels in New York City, where he remained four
years.
In 1884-85 he did "nigger acts" with Dan Collyer ; the following season
he was a member of Harrigan's Company in New York City. Mr. Moreland
was one of the members of Lew Dockstader's permanent minstrel company
in New York, commencing September 17, 1886, and continuing with them
during the existence as an organization, terminating in 1889.
As Col. Risener, in "Blue Jeans," appearing in white-face, season of
1891-92, Mr. Moreland once more showed his versatility.
Mr. Moreland has long been recognized as the premier interlocutor in
192 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
minstrelsy, and the legitimate successor of Wm. H. Bernard, who retired in
1872.
Arthur ]\Ioreland was born in New York City, November 12, 1847.
George W. Powers ran away from home in 1861 ; there was really no neces-
sity for this, as the home was securely fastened. However, that's not the
argument. He boarded the steamboat "Charley Bowers," did George Pow-
ers, and for several hours continued as a passenger, finally landing at Cairo,
111., where he immediately sought out the manager, and was at once engaged
to do a jig, in black-face; subsequently he was apprenticed to old Frank
Howard, with whom he did "nigger acts" in the variety houses of St. Louis,
Milwaukee, Chicago, Louisville and Memphis; at the latter place he ap-
peared in Morningstar's Varieties ; it is now 1863, and all is well.
Mr. Powers next joined Castello's Circus, and late in 1863 made his first
appearance in minstrelsy ; the honor belongs to the Weed and Morris Com-
pany.
The following year he was with LaRue's Minstrels ; the next burnt-cork
aggregation to claim him was the Morris Bros, in Boston.
.September 5, 1870, with Hooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn, Johnson and
Powers made their first appearance as a team, doing acrobatic songs and
dances and high kicking — this man Johnson was Carroll Johnson, the present
Beau Brummell of minstrelsy, but at that time known as James Johnson ; for
thirteen years did this duo do dances and other doings.
January 2, 1871, they opened with Hooley's Minstrels in Chicago, at the
first performance of that company in the Big Lake City.
In the Summer of 1872 Mr. Powers and his partner joined the famous
San Francisco Minstrels in New York, and continued with them until 1882,
barring the season of 1874-75, which vi^as spent in Philadelphia with Carn-
cross and Dixey's Minstrels. In the Fall of 1882 they became members
of Courtright and Hawkins' Minstrels, also in Philadelphia, and the follow-
ing January went to San Francisco, where they opened with Billy Emerson's
Minstrels on the 22d ; they remained about three months and then joined
Haverly's Minstrels, and in June, 1883, the long partnership of Johnson and
Powers was dissolved.
Mr. Powers subsequently gave most of his attention to the banjo, on
which instrument in the execution of which he has no rival in minstrelsy ;
his rendition of "Home, Sweet Home," with variations, is alone worth going
miles to hear.
From 1885 to 1893 Mr. Powers appeared successfully with McNish,
Johnson and Slavin's ; Thatcher, Primrose and West's ; Lew Dockstader's,
and Thatcher and Johnson's Minstrels.
Early in 1910 he married the widow of the late John \Y. Thompson, of
Dallas, Texas.
George W. Powers was born in Louisville, Ky., April 3, 1847.
Luke Schoolcraft was naturally a great performer ; born in the South
amic^st environments that gave him opportunities for noticing the peculiari-
ties and idiosyncrasies of the negro character, he imbibed them without being
aware of so doing.
At the age of five he made his first appearance, playing child parts ; two
)K.\M< lIciW \UI)
M.\NlT:r. R0.\[A1.\'
GEO. GALE
KICU AkD T TOSE FRAXK MORRELL
SIX SINGERS.
194 MOXARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
years later he "blacked up" for the first time, in the play of "Masked Faces."
Late in the Go's at Alemphis, Tenn.. a butcher with the unminstrel name
of W'iets, tiring of dispensin;^ steaks, chops and sundry animal flesh to a
ra\-enous clientele, and with \isions of perhaps becoming a future burnt cork
impressario. he organized the (.'.reat Western Opera Bouffe Company ; a
painfully short time later it disorganized itself.
It is an odd fact that this gifted performer, whom nature endowed with
the ability to portray -o faithfully the .^uuthern "darky," aspired to be a
Dutch comedian : indeed, he ajipeared as such intermittently for several }-ears
in the wiriety houses.
July 29, 1S72. at Cincinnati, he made his first appearance with Xew-
comb's Minstrels, silting i^n the md and doing an act in the olio with Andy
McKee and E. ?\I. Hall: a few weeks later he began a brief engagement with
Simmons and Slocum's Minstrels in T'liiladelphia, commencing .\ugust 18.
Mr. Schoolcraft formed a partnership with Ceorge II. Coes, in 1874. and
• iU August 31 they opened with Kelly and Leon's Minstrels in Chicago.
They played various minstrel and \ariety engagements until April 2, 1S77,
when Schoolcraft and Coes' Minstrels gave their first performance : the tour
was of-short duration. Januar}- 14. 1S78, the team joined Emerson's Min-
strels at the Olympic Theatre in New V(jrk, and in the Suinmer of the fol-
lowing }-ear they opened with Ilooley and Emerson's Megatherian .Minstrels.
Season of 1881-82 they were with Carlow, Wilson, Primrose and West's
Company: a year later they joined the liarlow, Wilson & Co.'s Minstrels, and
on September 3. 188,^, they opened with the San Francisco Minstrels in
Xew York City.
Sciioolcraft and Coes dissoh'ed partnership in 1889, and in the .spring
■"if that year Mr. Schoolcraft jr]ined Dockstader's permanent minstrel com-
pany in Xew York City : this was his last minstrel engagement.
Ab,out a year later he became a member of the famous "City Directory"
C'lmpany, under the management of John Russell, and continued with that
organization until the time of his death.
Beyond all dispute Luke Schoolcraft ranked high with the great black-
face performers of the land ; he is one of the immortals of minstrelsy. While
he was great in everything he ever did. his "Mrs. Dittimus' Party" was a gem
of purest ray serene.
Luke Schoolcraft was born in X'ew Orleans, La., November 14, 1847; '^^
died in Cincinnati, Ohio, ]\Iarch 10, 1893.
r.onnv Xr.wcoMr. (Robert Hughes) stood alone in his particular line in
minstrelsy, inasmuch as he wrote all the songs and dances he e.xecuted so
admirably, as well as producing for manv other performers, notably the "Big
Sunflower" for Billy Emerson, which did so much to establish the popularity
of that great artist.
The earliest record nf Xewcomb''; professional appearance was at Quebec.
Canada, where on 3ilay 3. 183''). he appeared as Master Hughes with Per-
ham's Great Ethiopian ?\linstrel Opera and Burlesque Troupe.
The loUowing year he \\-as with Bucklev's Serenaders in X'ew York : it
"•as here that he attracted the attention of A\'. A\'. X'cwcomb. who. with
H^'. Rumsev was about to organize Rumsev and Xewcomb's [Minstrels:
and Bobby Xewcomb became a member, and continued with them for about
FROM "DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 195
five years ; between seasons accepting other engagements with Geo. Christy's
(Hooley) Minstrels, in June, 1859, and a year later with Minor's Ethiopian
Minstrels. Early in 1861 he went to England with Rumsey and Xewcomb,
subsequently to Germany and back to England, where the company dis-
banded.
Mr. Newcomb joined Wood's Minstrels in New York, March 9, 1863, as
"Little Bobby," the ladies' pet. In i860 he was billed as Master Robert
Langlois.
In the Fall of 1863 he joined Christy's Minstrels in New York; in 1865
he was with Raynor's "Christy's."
December g, 1869, he made his re-appearance with the San Francisco
Minstrels in New York ; the following year he was a member of Carncross
and Dixey's Minstrels in Philadclidiia. It was with the latter company he
first appeared as an end man, in Pittsburgh, Pa., May 15, 1871.
August 28, 1871, he rejoined the San Francisco Minstrels in New York
for the season ; subseciuently he was with Arlington, Cotton and Kemble's
Minstrels in Chicago for a lengthy engagement.
He joined Maguire's Minstrels in San Francisco, April 18, 1874; the fol-
lowing year he returned to Carncross and Dixey.
Mr. Newcomb played Topsy in "Uncle Tom's Cabin" in 1876.
In 1877 he was with Haverly, and in 1881 played an engagement with
Moore and Burgess' Minstrels in London, England.
In 1883 he was again with Haverly. About 1885, with his wife and three
talented daughters, he organized the Newcomb Family, and as such he
traveled until his death. •
In New York, September 28, 1867, he married Miss Mary Blake, a
famous danseuse of that time. Blanche Newcomb, in private life, Mrs. John
Cain, a clever soubrette, is his daughter.
Bobby Newcomb was born November 13, 1847; he died at Tacoma,
Wash., June i, 1888.
Eddie Fox is known wherever minstrelsy is spoken.
Mr. Fox's career began at the tender age of five years, and continued up
until about 1897, when he "laid down the fiddle and the bow" — not because
"there was no more work for poor Uncle Ned" — no, indeedy — for Mr. Fox re-
fuses to grow old, and he could have work aplenty if he so desired.
Newcomb and Arlington's Minstrels engaged him about 1867 ; subse-
qtiently he was with Newcomb's Minstrels.
When Simmons and Slocum opened their minstrel house in Philadelphia
in 1870, Eddie Fox was leader, and remained there several seasons. Like-
wise was he identified with Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West's Minstrels
at their inception in 1877, and continued with them during their existence as
an organization, terminating in June, 1882.
Other promient minstrel engagements were Barlow, Wilson Company,
George \\'ilson's, Cleveland's, and his last — AI. G. Field's.
Mr. Fox composed some of the most popular music in minstrelsy, no-
tably the "Big Sunflower," immortalized by Billy Emerson ; "Kaiser. Don't
You Want to Buy a Dog?" for Gus Williams; "Noreen Moreen," "Goodbye,
Liza Jane." "Carry the News to Mary" and scores of others.
As a jig and reel player he is without a peer.
DAVE MONTGOMERY FRED STONE PERCY G. WILLIAMS HITCHCOCK ■^°^- HAWTHORN
CORSE PAYTON FRED. BAILEY RALPH AUSTIN CHAUNCEY OLCOTT RICHARD CARLE
BILLY JEROME JAS. J. CORBETT MACLYN ARBUCKLEJOHN L. SULLIVANBILLY S. CLIFFORD
NAT. GOODWIN JERRY COHAN DE WOLF HOPPER GEO. M. COHAN . NAT. WILLS
JOHN C. RICE BARNEY GILMORE EDDIE FOY BERT. LESLIE SAM BERNARD
THE "FAMOUS 50" ; THEY ALL "BLACKED UP,"
WM. HARRIS CHAS. FROHMAN DAN. FROHMAN JOHN E. KELLERD HENRY E. DIXEY
OTIS SKINNER BILLY B. VAN WILTON LACKAYE WILLIE COLLIER WM. H. CRANE
"HAP." WARD HARRY YOKES ANDREW MACK FRANCIS WILSON HARRY BULGER
JAS. T. POWERS GEO. BEBAN JEFF D'ANGELIS DENMAN THOMPSON DAVID BELASCO
JOE. WEBER LEW. FIELDS CHAS. K. HARRIS CHAS. HORWITZ FRED V. BOWERS
OR WERE ASSOCIATED WITH MINSTRELSY.
198 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Mr. Fox likewise enjoys the distinction of having been alwa3'S the high-
est salaried "leader" in minstrelsy.
Eddie Fox was born in Glens Falls, N. Y., October 28, 1848 ; a letter ad-
dressed care of any minstrel show playing Philadelphia will always reach
him.
Thomas B. Dixon. The name of Tom Dixon will go down in the annals
of minstrelsy for his magnificent rendition of the old ballad "Sally in Our
Alley."
Mr. Dixon joined Lew Benedict's Minstrels in July, 1872, and again at
Newark, N. J., September 21, 1876. In 1878 he was with Simmons and Slo-
cum's Minstrels in Philadelphia, and that same year became a member of
the original Haverly's Mastodons in Chicago, opening October 21, 1878. He
went to London, England, with that company, opening at "Her Majesty's"
Theatre, July 31, 1880; the following year he was with Emerson in San
Francisco; he was likewise identified with other prominent organizations.
Mr. Dixon was one of the original California Quartette.
Thos. B. Dixon was born in 1847 ; he died in Nashua, N. H., November 25,
1890.
Lew. Spencer (James Erhardt), well known as a black-face performer,
began his professional career in his native city about 1865 as a Dutch come-
dian. He was with Duprez and Benedict's Minstrels about 1869, and subse-
quently with the companies of Cal. Wagner; Barlow, Wilson; Haverly ; Al.
G. Fields and others as prominent.
He was born in Baltimore, Md. ; he died in Chicago, III, December 7,
1904 ; age 56 years.
Frank Dumont is one of the most intellectual men in minstrelsy; originally
a ballad singer, he has been connected with every branch of the black-face
profession.
Li the Fall of 1862, ^s Master Dumont, he was with Arlington and Don-
niker's Minstrels, subsequently he was associated with John Cross and Tom
Fish with Cross, Fish and Dumont's Minstrels ; this was in 1866.
The following year he was with Ned Davis' Minstrels ; early in 1869 he
was with Dashington and Kling's Minstrels and that same year he joined
Duprez and Benedict's Minstrels, and continued with them about eleven
years.
Subsequently Mr. Dumont was with Carncross in Philadelphia, the San
Francisco Minstrels in New York, and with Lew Dockstader's Company.
While with Sweatnam's Minstrels, August 22, 1879, he sang "The Old Family
Table."
Mr. Dumont is the author of innumerable songs, sketches and plays, and
produced all the shows at the Eleventh Street Opera House, Philadelphia,
since the inception of Dumont's Minstrels there January 27, 1896.
Frank Dumont was born in Utica, N. Y., January 25, 1848.
Will G. Mack, once of the team of Mack and O'Day, had been in the
profession about twenty-five years, and with Al G. Fields', Barlow Bros., and
other minstrel companies prior to his death, November 12, 1897.
FROM "DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 199
Charles Heywood (Frank Haffner), who has an international reputation
in minstrelsy as a female impersonator, possesses a remarkably fine culti-
vated voice, which long experience has taught him to use to the best ad-
vantage.
Air. Heywood made his debut with an amateur minstrel company in
Newark, N. J., in 1867, at the famous old Library Hall.
In January, 1868, he appeared professionally in New York with Kelly
and Leon's Minstrels.
Later he was identified with Buckley's, Duprez and Benedict ; Emer-
son's ; Simmons and Slocum's ; Haverly's, and several other notable organi-
zations.
In 1881 he was with Thatcher and Ryman's Minstrels in Philadelphia,
and the following year with Clark and Ryman's Minstrels he went to Aus-
tralia— with his pigeons; for Heywood wouldn't travel without his pigeons,
and the pigeons wouldn't travel without Heywood : so there you are.
After the pigeon engagement, which lasted sixty weeks, Mr. Heywood
joined Haverly's Mastodons in London, in 1884; again using the pigeons, 100
strong, as a feature of his act.
After several notable engagements in the music halls on the Continent,
he returned to this country, and subsequently built a theatre in Newark,
N. J. As a builder Mr. Heywood admits he wasn't a success, but as a hustler
he is second to none. And then he opened a conservatory, where several who
since achieved success in their profession recived their tuition. Of late years
Mr. Heywood's talents have been devoted chiefly to concert work.
Charles Heywood was born in New York City, October 24, 1848.
Barry Maxwell (Ma.xey) has been famous for many years for his delinea-
tion of the aged "darky," of which he is a master.
His stage career began in his native city as a member of the Crescent
City Serenaders, in which he was one of the end men.
With Ed Gibson, as Gibson and Maxwell, he joined Spalding and Man-
ning's Minstrels : other minstrel organizations he was identified with were
Hooley's : Haverly's ; Emerson and Reed's, in San Francisco ; Dockstader's,
in New York, from 1886 to 1889, and Schoolcraft and Alaxwell's Minstrels
Mr. Maxwell was also of the team of Maxwell and Carroll.
For ten years he appeared successfully with the Chas. H. Hoyt shows,
where he was called upon to play both white and black face characters,
which he did with equal facility.
His portrayal of the black-face character of Othello, in the "Texas
Steer," and Sassafras Livingstone, in the "County Chairman," received the
highest encomiums from press and public.
Barry Maxwell was born in New Orleans, La., October 29, 1848.
OuiLTER and Goldrich ranked with the best song and dance teams of min-
strelsy.
They made their first appearance in 1869 at Pittsburgh, Pa., with Harry
Williams.
During their partnership they played practically every first-class variety
house in the country, as well as many of the principal minstrel companies,
including Harry Robinson's, Neil Bryant's, and Kelly and Leon's.
200 ■ MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
July 19, 1874, they sailed for England, where on August 10 they made
their first appearance in Liverpool with Sam Hague's Minstrels; subs-
equently going to Moore and Burgess' Minstrels in London, in each city
meeting with pronounced success.
They played an extended engagement with Harrigan and Hart's Com-
pany in New York, and after the dissolution of that famous organization,
June 13, 1885, they cast their fortunes with Edward Harrigan.
Mr. Goldrich's demise occurred during this period, since when Mr.
Quilter has appeared mostly in dramatic and musical produtcions. Some
of the principal black-face parts portrayed were in "Princess Bonnie" and the
"Traveling Salesman."
Richard ("Dick") Quilter was born in the County Kerry, Ireland, Aug-
ust 16, 1848.
Peter Goldrich (MacGoldrick) was born in Trenton, N. J., he died in New
York City, June 4, 1891 ; age 42 years.
•
Cheevers and Kennedy, originally known as the "Builfalo Boys," a title
given to them by Dan Bryant, when as the "infant wonders" they made their
first appearance in New York, with Bryant's Minstrels, doing a double clog
reel April 25, 1864.
The following year they went to Carncross and Dixey's Minstrels in
Philadelphia, where they remained until 1871 ; part of this time they were
billed as Masters Joseph and Eddie. August 28, 1871, they opened with
the San Francisco Minstrels in New York for the season ; that same week
they, in conjunction with Charley Gibbons and Bobby Newcomb, formed
a dancing quartette, which was then considered quite a novelty.
The following year they returned to Philadelphia as members of Frank
Moran's Minstrels. July 2, 1874, they sailed for England, opening at the
London Pavilion July 19. Subsequently an engagement of fourteen months
at the Cambridge, same city, followed.
Their success at this house was so pronounced that an extra gallery
had to be built to accommodate the patrons of that popular establishment.
Equally successful engagements in Dublin and Paris followed. It will be
readily seen that these boys were "capital" performers.
Returning to the United States they rejoined Carncross and Dixey in
Philadelphia.
Early in 1S77 they began a brief engagement with Emerson's Minstrels
in San Francisco, and in the Spring of that year sailed for Australia, where
they remained about four years.
A brief separation followed, during which time Mr. Cheevers worked
alone ; they subsequently came together again, playing successful engage-
ments in the music halls.
August 27, 1886, they arrived in New York City ; they played several
engagements in the United States, subsequently returning to England ; later
their business relations were again severed ; Mr. Cheevers assuming the man-
agement of the Phoenix Music Hall, Dover, England, and some years later
entering the hotel business.
After a separation of about nine years, in the Fall of 1904 they once
more reunited and for two or three years renewed former triumphs.
^m
1
BURTON STANLEY
(jKO. WILKES
"RICARDO"
'^^ g^ Ik^
GUS. MILLS
HARRY LANSING
STUART
ARTHUR UOTY
JAMES MACK HARRY CONSTANTINE
fa:med f.worites who featured feminine fancies.
202 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Following their final separation, ]\Ir. Cheevers returned to the United
States, where he has mostly remained.
Mr. Kennedy is a boniface in England.
Cheevers and Kennedy enjoyed a well-merited reputation for original-
ity ; their quick character changes and diversified dancing gave them a stand-
ing in their profession that any performer might envy.
Joseph E. Cheevers was born in Buffalo, N. Y., ]\'Iay 25, 1848.
Edw. J. Kennedy was born in Buffalo, N. Y., July 10, 1844.
Gus Bruno made his first appearance professionally in his native city with
Rentz's Circus, in 1866, doing a hurdle act.
He came to the United States a few years later, and as the Limber
Boy he played an engagement at Woodward's Garden in San Francisco.
Charley Armstrong was his first partner; next came Clark and Bruno,
and then Johnson and Bruno, who for five years did one of the greatest black-
face acts in the country, playing the principal variety houses and minstrel
organizations.
i\Ir. Bruno subsequently allied himself with the foremost farcical or-
ganizations ; he is now playing vaudeville.
He is probably the best dialectician in America, and was the first to
give the Swedish and Low Dutch dialects on the stage.
Gus Bruno was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, May 4, 1848.
RuEV Hughes (James Quigg) was a fine dancer and a good general per-
former.
He appeared at the Green Street Theatre in Albany, N. Y., as early as
1863. The following year he was with A. P. Ball's American Coliseum
Circus.
In 1866 he formed a partnership with John Hogan, and as Hogan and
Hughes they did neat songs and dances, and quickly made reputations for
themselves.
Early in 1867 Mr. Hughes and his partner joined Griffin and Christy's
Minstrels in Ne,w York. Subsequently they appeared successfully with
Hooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y., and with Bryant's, also Ivelly and
Leon's in New York. In 1869, with Mr. Hogan, he joined Buckley's Sere-
naders for the season.
In 1870 Mr. Hughes began an engagement with Manning's Minstrels in
Chicago, where a few months later he was taken sick and finally forced to
separate from ]\Ir. Hogan.
The death of Mr. Hughes on the threshold of manhood robbed min-
strelsy of one <Si its most brilliant luminaries.
Ruey Hughes was born in New York City ; he died there, November 10,
1871 ; age 23 years.
S.VGE Richardson began his professional career as a member of the famous
Holman troupe in 1864, at Toronto, Canada. His first minstrel engagement
was with Cool Burgess', later appearing with LaRue's Minstrels.
Subsequently he joined hands with his brother John, and they played
the variety houses until 1880. when he doubled with Charley Young, later
playing an engagement with Cal. Wagner's Minstrels ; at the end of the sea-
FROM "DADDY- RICE TO DATE. 203
son Mr. Richardson returned to California, and afterward reappeared in va-
riety houses with his brother.
Sage Richardson was born in New York City ; he died in San Francisco,
March 8, 1883 ; age about 35 years.
I. W. Baird, who was proprietor and manager of the organization that bore
his name for several seasons, commenced his professional career as a trick
bicycle rider in 1866. In 1867 he joined Johnson's Circus at Galesburg, 111.,
and in 1872 was part proprietor of Smith and Baird's Circus; in 1874 he con-
trolled the privileges of the Great Eastern 6 Tent Shows.
In 1875 he organized the Baird-Howell Show, and the following year
the first performance of I. W. Baird's Mammoth Minstrels was given, and
continued as an organization until 1889; Mr. Baird subsequently engaging
in the real estate business in Portland, Ore.
I. \V. Baird was born in Salem, Ohio; he died in Portland, Ore., January
2, 1908.
Jerry Cohan. It will be a surprise to most of the present generation to know
that the daddy of the famous George M. Cohan ever appeared in black-face,
but he did, and as a general dancer he ranked with the best; Mr. Cohan
also could do things with the tambourine.
His first minstrel engagement was with Campbell and Huntley's Min-
strels as late (or early) as May, 1868. He joined Kelly and Leon's Asso-
ciated Artists in Baltimore, in the Summer of 1869; other engagements of a
"dark" nature were Sam Sharpley's and LaRue's.
His last oflfense was the California (Joe Norcross') Minstrels, which he
joined at Springfield, Mass., December 5, 1879.
Jerry Cohan was born in Boston, Mass., January 31, 1848.
W. W. Barhour, well and favorably known as one of the prominent "leaders"
of minstrelsy, began with Cal. Wagner's Minstrels in the 70's ; subsequently
he joined Haverly, and was with him for twelve years. Later he was a
member of Cleveland's Minstrels for two years, and with Geo. Wilson for
three years.
He was also leader at Sam Jack's Theatre in Chicago, and Frank Hall's
Casino in the same city.
His last engagement was at the Grand Opera House, New York.
W. W. Barbour died in Brooklyn, N. Y., September 5, 1899; age 51
years.
Billy Courtright (Albert Courtright). the original "Flewy Flewy," and
one of the most versatile performers on the minstrel stage, began his pro-
fessional career more than forty years ago. He was part owner of Blaisdell
Bros, and Courtright's Minstrels, who gave their initial performance at Rock
Island, 111., March 8, 1871.
Mr. Courtright subsequently joined John D. Gilbert in a black-face act
called "Big and Little," of which they were the originals ; their first appear-
ance in New York was at Charley White's October 12, 1872. In November,
1873. Mr. Courtright joined Haverly's Minstrels, and a few months later be-
came a member of Arlinsrton, Cotton and Kemble's Minstrels in Chicago.
204 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Mr. Courtright was with Kelly and Leon's Minstrels in 1877, and the fol-
lowing year went to Australia with them.
He subsequently rejoined Haverly's. In the Fall of 1882, Courtright
and Hawkin's Minstrels opened in Philadelphia, as a permanent company.
Mr. Courtright has been giving white face specialties in vaudeville for several
years.
Billy Courtright was born in New Milford, III., March 10, 1848.
Rowland H. Mayland was well known as a flute soloist with many of the
best minstrel organizations.
His first professional engagement was at Mrs. John Wood's Theatre,
New York, in 1864. Subsequently he joined M. C. Campbell's Minstrels,
later appearing with Hooley's in Brooklyn, N. Y. ; Buckley's ; Kelly and
Leon's ; Geo. Christy's, and Seaver's Minstrel Hall, Brooklyn, N. Y.
He last appeared professionally with Neil Bryant's Minstrels about
thirty years ago.
' Rowland H. Mayland was born in New York, February 16, 1848.
Lew Parker, the present manager of the Crescent Theatre in Brooklyn,
N. Y., 1910, was an acrobat in i860. Doesn't time fly?
This i860 "affair" was with the Myers and Madigan Circus, which, Mr.
Parker declares, was the first railroad show in America.
About 1863 he joined Skiff's Minstrels ; subsequently Mr. Parker was
with the Oriental Minstrels; as might be surmised, this was a "turkey" show.
A tour of South America with Pickering's Alinstrels followed.
Other black face organizations that were graced by the presence of Mr.
Parker were Johnny Thompson's Minstrels, and the California Minstrels;
with the latter he sat on the end opposite "Kerry Gow" Joe Murphy.
The team of Lew and Pauline Parker played the variety houses from
1873 to 1885.
About twenty-five years ago Mr, Parker became general agent for the
Buffalo Bill Wild West Show, in which capacity he traveled for several
seasons.
Lew Parker was born in Savannah, Ga., May 12, 1849.
Walters and Morton formed a partnership at East Saginaw, Mich, where
they first performed August 12, 1872. As an acrobatic song and dance team
they were ranked with the best. They played engagements with Arlington,
Cotton and Kemble's Minstrels in Chicago in 1874; subsequently with Neil
Bryant's Company.
Early in 1876 they were with Kelly and Leon's Minstrels, where they
continued about two years. In the Summer of 1876 they separated briefly,
Mr. Walters joining Andy McKee August 28, that year, for a few weeks.
Subsequently they came together, and continued until July 25, 1877, when
they last performed jointly in Buffalo, N. Y.
Mr. Walters' first appearance were with circuses ; in 1864 he joined
Rumsey's Minstrels.
After separating from Mr. Morton he formed a partnership with Mark
Hughes, making his last appearance with him at Cincinnati September 15,
1877. J. W. Morton formed a partnership with Billy Ashcroft about 1870,
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2o6 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
doing black-face song and dances for about one year. August ii, 1870, he
became one of the Big Four, and continued as such about five 3'ears, part
of which the Big Four Minstrels toured. Later, Mr. Morton had his own
organization.
He subsequently went to England and Australia, and formed a partner-
ship with Tom Sadler. In 1890 he was conducting a hotel in New Zealand.
Charley Walters was born in Cardiff, Wales, May 17, 1849; he died in
New York City January 31, 1878.
J. W. Morton (Sheppard) died :\Iarch 30, 1907.
Welch and Rice were two of the best exponents of neat songs and dances in
minstrelsy.
About 1863 they attracted the attention of Jake Budd, who adopted them
professionally, and named them Johnny and Willie Budd, the "Empire
Boys."
They had appeared before the public individually prior to the above
event, each with Sanford's Minstrels in Harrisburg, Pa. ; Johnny Rice was
with Charley Petrie before joining Welch.
With Jake Budd they played several seasons with Skiff and Gaylord's
Minsrels, and Buckley's Serenaders.
They then left Budd, and opened with Simmons and Slocum's Minstrels"
in Philadelphia, March 6, 1871, and continued intermittently with that com-
pany about six years.
They were with Haverly's Minstrels in the Spring of 1878, and in the
Fall of that year they were members of the original Mastodons, with whom
they went to London in 1880, where they separated.
Mr. Welch embarked in the hotel business in England for awhile, but
later returned to the United States, and assumed the management of Callen-
der's Minstrels for the proprietors, Charles and Gustave Frohman.
Mr. Welch's last engagement was with Dockstader's Minstrels in New
York, April 29, 1887.
He was the author of several musical sketches, and was an intellectual
performer.
Johnny Rice played variety and minstrel engagements after separating
from Welch.
Billy Welch was born at sea, December 20, 1849 ; l^^ "^'^^1 in New York
City, May 7, 1887.
John Cornelius Rice was born in Harrisburg, Pa., November 6, I05J ; ho
died in Chicago, November 23, 1887.
Master Tommy (Thomas Henry Ryan) gave promise of attaining a high
position in his chosen profession.
As a dancer and comedian he had already achieved prominence.
He died in New York, June 22, 1869; age 20 years.
George W. Woods, famous as a great bone player with Haverly, also the
San Francisco Minstrels, and who in 1892 did an act with J. H. Mack with
the Muldoon Specialty Company, died in New York City, June 19, 1898; age
50 years ; he was born in England.
FRO^[ -DADDY- RICE TO DATE. 207
Billy West, Billy Emerson and Billy Rice, minstrelsy's three great
"Billy's," died within fourteen days — exactly one week apart in 1902.
Charles F. Lorraine made his fir^-t appearance on the stage in pantomime
at the Brittania Theatre, London, England, in 1855, as a child, and while
still a child gave a season of popular concerts at the Music Hall, Leeds,
England.
His minstrel career began in 1867 as a member of Charles Christie's
Minstrels ; next season he piloted his own troupe ; other organizations were
the Livermore Bros. Minstrels, where he remained some time ; subsequent
minstrel engagements were with Matthews Bros., and Sam Hague's, all in
England.
In 1882, Thatcher, Primrose and West; then Carpenter and Lorraine's
Minstrels; Barlow and Wilson; Barlow, Wilson and Rankin's; Emerson's;
Cleveland, and Haverly's.
Mr. Lorraine, in addition to being a vocalist, was an interlocutor of
merit.
He married Aliss St. George Hussey, who died in Detroit, Mich., October 9,
1910.
Charles F. Lorraine was born December 11, 1849.
George T. Clapham, brother of Harry J. Clapham, joined Haverly's Min-
strels in 1875 as advance agent, remaining about one year; subsequently
going to Haverly's Adelphi Theatre in Chicago as advertising agent, where
another year was spent.
In the early 8o's he assumed management of Thatcher, Primrose and
West's Minstrels, remaining in that capacity five years.
Later he was with Hoyt & Thomas, one season, and part of another
was with H. R. Jacobs in Albany. After this he was agent for Lew Dock-
stader's (road) Minstrels about three seasons ; then with Archie Boyd.
Mr. Clapham was with J. H. Haverly's Minstrels on their last tour, about
12 years ago.
George T. Clapham was born in Albany, N. Y., April, 1849.
Joseph H. Mack was well known as a prominent minstrel agent and man-
ager of such organizations as Kelly and Leon's, Emerson's California Min-
strels and Hart, Ryman and Barney's Minstrels, also manager of the Cleve-
land Baseball Club in 1880.
Joseph H. Mack was born in Buffalo, N. Y., May 10, 1849; he died at
Hewitt, N. J., November 14, 1892.
Harry Fisher, famous in the old Harrigan and Hart days for his unique
German characterizations, played Uncle Tom in the latter's "cabin," in New
York at the Olympic Theatre, in April, 1878.
Harry Fisher was born in New York City, July 21, 1849, ^"^^ doesn't care
who knows it.
Charles Dockst,\der was one of the most prolific producers in minstrelsy.
He was something besides being a good song and dance performer, and was
the author of many sketches, acts and songs. ,
2o8 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
His first appearance on the stage was in his native city as the child in
"Pizarro," with Edwin Forrest; his debut as a minstrel was also made in
Cleveland some years later.
In September, 1878, he formed a partnefship with Lew Clapp, opening
in Jersey Cit}^ where they remained several weeks at a variety theatre as
the Dockstader Bros. December 30, same year, they played their first min-
strel engagement with Jerry Thomas' Company in New York.
They began the season of 1880 with Carncross' Minstrels in Philadelphia,
and remained there .until December, 1881, when they opened with George
Thatcher's Minstrels in Philadelphia for a brief engagement. Subsequently
they were with Haverly, and a return to Carncross, where early in March,
1883, owing to Mr. Dockstader's illness he was compelled to separate from
Lew Dockstader.
Later he did an act with William Lee as the "Dockstader's;" also a
sketch with Billy and Ella Watson in 1889. Of late years previous to his
retirement he had been with dramatic companies.
Charles Dockstader was born in Cleveland, Ohio, September 28, 1849;
he died in Pleasantville, N. J., October 20, 1907.
-Frank "Pop" Ward, known everywhere as the "Terrible Judge" of vaude-
ville, began his professional career with Lent's Circus in Newark, N. J., in
1871 as a trapeze performer.
Li 1873 'lE became a member of the Orpheus Quartette, and remained
with them until he organized the original Clipper Quartette in 1879, opening
at Tony Pastor's in New York City. Mr. Ward continued with the quartette
through the various changes until its dissolution, about 1893, playing with
Snellbaker's "Majesties"; Hyde and Behman's Company; Mclntyre and
Heath's Minstrels : Thatcher, Primrose and West's Minstrels ; Nat Goodwin
and many high-class farcical organizations.
Mr. Ward formed a partnership with John P. Curran in 1893, since which
he has been most successfully appearing in vaudeville.
"Pop" Ward is considered a wonder in the profession he so ably rep-
resents, possessing all the energy and vim of a performer of half his years.
Francis T. Ward was born in New York City, January 4, 1849.
Frank Turner (Trainor) was one of the Three Turner Brothers who ap-
peared successfully in the variety theatres for several seasons.
In Cincinnati, September 3, 1877, he formed a partnership with Albert
Geyer, one of the three Geyer Brothers, doing black-face song and dances.
His last appearance was at the Olympic Theatre, New York, November 12,
1877.
He died in New York City, November 17, 1877.
Dent. Delmanning was one of the well-known Delmanning Brothers, a
prominent song and dance team, who entered the profession about 1871.
They were with Whitmore and Clark's ; Cal. Wagner's ; Barlow, Wilson
and Rankin's and other well-known minstrel organizations.
He died in Brooklyn, N. Y., February 4, 1901.
Al. Hayman, of the great theatrical syndicate, was in minstrelsy, though the
author has no record of his ever "blacking up."
MRS. BIuLY EMERSON MRS. BILLY MANNING MRS. BILLY RICE
WIVES OF FAMOUS MINSTRELS.
210 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Hiscox and Hayman's Minstrels were organized in Australia in the
Spring of 1880.
For further particulars see Willis P. Sweatnam.
Billy Frear, was an unusually versatile black-face performer, being equally
proficient as a dancer, banjoist or comedian ; as an end man he was especially
clever. His first minstrel engagement was with Duprez and Benedict's,
about 1865 ; he was quite popular with this company, and equally so with
Carncross and Dixey in Philadelphia subsequently.
His first wife was Millie Blair, a well-known song and dance artist ; later
he married a Miss Rogers. He died in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., December 28,
1888; age 41 years.
Charles W. Cogill made his first appearance with his brother in San Fran-
cisco ; later he formed a partnership with Fred Cooper.
In May, 1877, Cogill and Cooper built and opened the Adelphi Theatre
in the California metropolis, and conducted it for several months.
Mr. Cogill subsequently joined George Reynolds after the death of the
latter's brother in 1878; the alliance did not last long, and again he joined his
brother, together they went to Australia, where they were great favorites. They
opened in Sydney in April, 1885, later going to Melbourne, where they had their
own theatre, and where they remained twelve years. ^
About 1900 Mr. Cogill returned to America, and rejoined Cooper in a
song and dance act.
Charles W. Cogill was born in New York ; he died in San Francisco,
March 16, 1903 ; age 53 years.
John M. Turner (McTurney), a really great banjoist, formed a partner-
ship with J. K. Buckley in a banjo act in the middle 70's; they severed their
business relations November 11, 1876.
Mr. Turner was married in 1872.
For several years prior to his death he had not been actively engaged
in his profession.
John M. Turner was born in New York about 1850; he died there Sep-
tember 4, 1907.
"Bernardo" (Thomas White), a prominent female impersonator in the
"good old days," according to Frank Dumont, appeared as early as 1867 with
Ned Davis' Olio Minstrels as Master J. Buckley.
He was with Hooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y., two years later,
playing under his own name, Thos. White.
He joined Lew Benedict's Minstrels in July, 1872, subsequently he was
associated with the San Francisco Minstrels in New York in 1875 • the same
year he joined Hooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y., and in 1878 was a
member of Charley Morris' Minstrels. He was with Bryant's in New York,
also Haverly's Minstrels.
In May, 1877, with Charley Sutton, Francis Wilson and Jimmy Mackin,
he launched Mackin, Wilson, Sutton and Bernardo's Minstrels.
"Bernardo" died in Brooklyn, N. Y., November 21, 1880.
FROM -DADDr' RICE TO DATE. 2II
Charley Glidden was an "Oyster Can Moke" with the late Fred. Huber
in 1879.
He is now a successful citizen of Seattle — and Seattle is said not to be
sad.
George Gale, famous for many years with many companies as a burlesque
lyric artist and tenor vocalist, made his professional debut with Harry Rob-
inson's Minstrels at Coldwater, Mich., about 35 years ago; probably a little
less than that — at any rate, he later joined Haverly's Minstrels, and after-
ward Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West's organization.
While with Hyde and Behman's Minstrels he was one of the members
of the Clipper Quartette.
Mr. Gale was located in Philadelphia with Carncross' Minstrels, and in
Chicago with Haverly's Home Minstrels.
Mr. Gale was also with McNish, Johnson and Slavin's Minstrels, as well .
as various high-class farcical companies.
At present he is now of the Clipper 3 — Gale, Wensley and Manchester.
George Gale is a finely preserved man for his age — which was "acci-
dentally" not given to the author.
James B. Frear was several years a minstrel, but abandoned that profession
some time before his death for the more dorrtestic one of barber.
He died in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., January 6, 1885.
Ned Wambold, the well-known comedian, and who was a nephew of Dave
Wambold, made his first appearance in his native city with the Congo Min-
strels, July I, 1869.
He was associated in the management of his own company with E. M.
Hall and E. M. Kayne; the organization bore their names and started from Chi-
cago, April ip, 1875. In the Fall of 1879 he joined Joe Xorcross' California
Minstrels, and late in December the following year he was a member of
Kyle's "Christy" Minstrels, who endeavored unsuccessfully to revive min-
strelsy in Boston. He was also connected with several variety and other
minstrel shows during his comparatively brief, but very successful career
as a comedian.
Ned Wambold was born in Newark, N. J.; he died there April 18, 1882.
George F. Moore was the originator of the noiseless Essence dance, and a
performer versatile to a degree.
His first appearance was made with Hooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn,
N. Y., at the age of fourteen. At 18 he married Kittie Henderson, and they
did sketches for several years, when the act was augmented by "Baby"
Moore. November 12, 1879, he married Kittie Parker, the banjoist, in Den-
ver, Colo.
He had several companies of his own prior to going to England in July,
1887, where he played the music halls until his death.
George F. Moore was born in Cambridge, Mass., July 6, 1850; he died in
Liverpool, England, October 21, 1890,
212 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
The American Team were originally two distinct song and dance acts,
Wayne and Lovely, Cotton and Birdue. They formed an alliance in the Spring
of 1876, and after a few brief engagements in the United States, sailed for Eng-
land, opening in London, June 26, 1876.
They were a sensation in the English capitol, also in Paris. Early in
1878 the four disbanded.
Ben Cotton, who was a son of the noted minstrel of that name, married
Mrs. Mary E. Marshall in London, June 28, 1877, and about a year later
returned to the United States, and appeared with Ward and Webb's Min-
strels in the Spring of 1879, and Norcross' California Minstrels in the Fall
of the same year.
As early as 1865 he was with Cotton and Murphy's Minstrels as Master
Bennie.
Birdue and Wayne formed an alliance and played with Hague's Min-
strels in the Fall of 1878.
Bob Birdue had various partners before associating with Ben Cotton,
notably Richard Golden and Edw. B. Daily, well-known now in Boston.
Burt Wayne (Bout) died in Liverpool, England, March 13, 1879.
Joe Lovely died at Manchester, England, ]\Iay 21, 1882; age 35 years.
Ben Cotton, Jr., died in Bristol, R. L, October 26, 1880; age 26 years.
Bob Birdue died in Liverpool, England, October 8, 1879.
Harry Watson, one of the funniest Dutchmen on the vaudeville stage,
began his professional career in Milwaukee, Wis., in 1859, doing a black-face
song and dance for John Ryan. Mr. Watson worked for his board only, and
got it.
Subsequently he played many engagements in black-face; we'd like to
see him do it now.
Goss and Fox were one of the best black-face song and dance teams in
minstrelsy.
They formed an alliance in the early 7o's. and were with Haverly's Min-
strels at the organization of that company in November, 1873. In January,
1878, they were with Simmons, Slocum and Sweatnam's Minstrels in Phila-
delphia. The following season they joined Harrigan and Hart's Company
in New York and remained with them several seasons.
]\Ir. Goss' partner prior to meeting Mr. Fox was Lew Hallett; and as
Hallett and Goss played an engagement with Cal. Wagner's Minstrels, clos-
ing December 31, 1871.
Mr. Goss' first appearance was at Acker's Garden, Troy, N. Y.
Ned. Goss was born in Cohoes, N. Y., September 4, 1848 ; he died in
New York City, April 16, 1882.
James Fox, who was a brother of Ned Fox, was born at Little Falls, N.
Y., March 28, 1853 ; he died at Amsterdam, N. Y., November 10, 1887.
Paul Dresser, whose many songs were widely sung with many minstrel
companies, was a member of Billy Rice's Minstrels about 1885.
He was born in Terre Haute, Ind. ; he died in New York, January 30,
1906.
THE "MERRY OLD GALS" IN ENGLAND, 1871.
H. Livermore, G. Livermore, C. Livermore, C. F. Lorraine, L. Livermore.
CALLAN, HALEY AND CALLAN'S ELECTRIC 3 MINSTRELS.
November 3, 1886.
214 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Al. G. Field (Alfred Griffith Hatfield) has been a name to conjure by in
various parts of the Union for a period of nearly a quarter of a century ;
merely to announce that the famous minstrel and his company were to appear
at a given place was practically saying that the minstrel loving population
would turn out en masse to greet them.
Nearly everyone knows all about Mr. Field's career from the inception
of the Fields' Minstrels to date ; but how many are aware of the famous
comedian's early struggles he went through before he reached the goal of
success? It is a pleasure for the author to recount them.
Al. G. Field first appeared professionally at Jeffries Hall, Brownsville,
Pa., about 1871 ; he performed in the old nigger act of "Handy Andy"; he
attracted the attention of that famous minstrel Sam Sharpley, and became a
member of his company, officially known as Sharpley, Sheridan, Mack and
Day's Minstrels; this was in the Winter of 1871. The following season he
joined Bidwell and McDonough's "Black Crook" Company; subsequently he
appeared with the California Minstrels, and Tony Denier's "Humpty
Dumpty." In November, 1876, he became a member of Haverly's "Black-
birds of a Nation," one of the many minstrel companies controlled at one
time liy that astute manager.
Mr. Field's other minstrel engagements were with Simmons and £lo-
cum's in 1877, and Duprez and Benedict's, in 1883. In May, 1875, he paid
a visit to Peter Sells' and his circus, and in conjunction with Mclntyre and
Heath put on a minstrel first part, also did a monologue. Mr. Field's success
was so pronounced on this occasion that he not only continued during the
balance of the season, but for ten consecutive years was associated with the
famous Sells organization during the tenting seasons, in the capacity of per-
former, also filling responsible executive positions.
In. the Spring of 1884 Mr. Field organized what is now the Hagenbeck-
Wallace Show, opening at Peru, Ind., April 27; he remained with them as
manager until September 9, 1886.
On the sixth day of October, 1886, the Al. G. Field's Minstrels were or-
ganized ; the company numbered 27 persons, and gave their initial perform-
ance at Alarion, Ohio. The rest we all know.
Mr. Field claims that his minstrel company was the first to carry their
entire stage setting and scenery, and the first to build and operate a special
train of cars.
May 10, 1910, the company was incorporated.
Al. G. Field was born near Morgantown, W. Va. (but at the time Virgi-
nia), November 7, 1850.
Se.'\mon and Sommers were an excellent black-face song and dance team
who formed an alliance in the middle 70's.
In the Fall of 1877 they were with Neil Bryant's Minstrels ; subsequently
they were with other first-class organizations until December, 1880, when
with the Girard Bros, as the "Grotesque 4" they began an engagement with
Thatcher and Ryman's Minstrels in Philadelphia. Early in 1882 Seamon,
Sommers and the Girard Bros., in conjunction with Lester and Allen, former
the "Funny 6."
Charley Seamon met with great success as Reuben Whipple in "Way
FROM "DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 215
Down East" ; he was equally successful with Russell's famous "City Direc-
tory" prior to that.
Tom Sommers was the husband of Carrie Boshell, of the well-known
Boshell Sisters, once of Carter's Zouaves.
Charles V. Seamon died at Sheffield, Mass., July 27, 1898.
Tom Sommers (Thos. Eugene Sommerville) died at St. Paul, Minn.,
September 12, 1891.
Fred Bryant (Snyder) began his professional career with Charley West
about 1875, doing a musical act as Bryant and West ; they continued as part-
ners about three years.
In 1878 he joined William F. Hoey, and as Bryant and Hoey they gave
one of the greatest black-face musical acts ever seen.
In 1882 the combination of Evans, Bryant and Hoey formed a company
called the "Meteors."
About two years later Mr. Bryant withdrew, and subsequently played
mostly in the variety houses.
As a cornettist he ranked with the best.
Fred Bryant died in New York City, June 22, 1894.
Joseph Brooks, the well-known theatrical magnate, now located in New
York City, was formerly a minstrel magnate. When? August 24, 1881,
the season of Brooks, Dickson and Clapham's Minstrels was inaugurated.
Frank Howard (Parlimenta), once of the Clipper Quartette, and also of
the famous minstrel act of Adams, Casey and Howard, is in business in New
Jersey.
Dave Foy was several years as a clown with Robinson's Circus, commencing
about 1876; subsequently he was with the "Two John's" Company; as late
as 1887, with Lizzie Foy, he played the principal vaudeville houses.
Season of 1891-92 he was with Primrose and West. In 1890 he joined
Ca'-ncross's Minstrels in Philadelphia ; during the World's Fair in Chicago,
he played with Haverly : subsequently returning to Carncross, where he was
quite popular; his excessive avoirdupois contributed in a small measure to
his success.
Dave Foy was born in Philadelphia, where he died October 16, 1900.
Jabez Freeth, interlocutor and bass singer in the California Quartette, was
prominently identified with the minstrel companies of Haverly, Emerson
and several others.
He died in San Francisco, Cal., July 11, 1882.
Adams and Lee were a prominent black-face musical team who formed
a partnership in the 70's. In 1878 they were with Haverly 's Mastodons.
Mr. Adams was subsequently of the team of Adams, Casey and How-
ard.
Mr. Lee later did considerable concert work with Billy Huntley. As
a banjoist Mr. Lee excelled.
James E. Adams died in New York, December 4, 1897.
John H. Lee died in San Diego, Cal., September 7, 1890.
2i6 MONARCHS OF AIINSTRELSY,
John E. Henshaw, famous for many moons for his comedy work in various
successful productions, played the tambourine on the end with a minstrel
show in June, 1871.
The following year he was with Harry Robinson's Minstrels, and for
several seasons was of the black-face song and dance teams of Henshaw and
Lawton, and Henshaw and Ginniven. In 1879 he was with the California
Minstrels. So you see Mr. Henshaw has qualified to become a permanent
resident of "Monarchs of Minstrelsy."
Wally Gibbs, a well-known black-face comedian ,who was with the Mega-
therian Minstrels in 1879, died in Warwick, Mass., April 22, 1893.
Barney Fagan (Bernard J. Fagan) is justly recognized as the world's
greatest general dancer; as a producer, he ranks second to none.
Mr. Fagan made his first professional appearance in his native city at
the famous Howard Athenaeum in i860, as the Cabin Boy in the "Pilot of
Brest." He remained at this theatre several seasons. In 1865 he played
his first minstrel engagement with the Morris Brothers in Boston. In 1870
Mr. Fagan went to St. Johns, N. B., and appeared with Pete Lee's Minstrels.
In 1873 he joined Buckley's Serenaders in Boston, and took Joe Parks
as a partner ; the next three years, Fagan and Parks, known as the American
Lads, played variety engagements.
In 1876 he did the famous Heifer dance with Richard Golden in "Evan-
geline." Mr. Fagan next joined John Fentonin a dancing specialty, and
continued with him until 1878, when he formed a partnership with Lizzie
Mulvey, which lasted one season.
Mr. Fagan in 1879 allied himself with Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and
West's Minstrels, and continued with them until the company's dissolution
in June, 1882 ; with this organization he was general producer and soloist.
Probably Mr. Pagan's greatest achievement was in organizing and pro-
ducing Sweatnam, Billy Rice and Pagan's Minstrels, which gave their first
performance at Albany, N. Y., July 25, 1887 ; this was the largest minstrel
company that had ever traveled ; 105 persons on parade ; 88 in the regular
company; incidentally that show was just twenty-three years ahead of its
time ; in other words, Sweatnam, Rice and Pagan's minstrels are about due
again.
Subsequently Mr. Fagan was with Thatcher, Primrose and West ; Bar-
low, Wilson and Rankin's ; and Cleveland's Minstrels ; with the latter organi-
zation sitting on the opposite end to Luke Schoolcraft.
Outside of minstrelsy Mr. Fagan has appeared successfully in white-
face in such plays as "Paradise Alley," and his own company, "A High
Roller," the latter in 1890.
Some notable marches were the "West Point Cadets ; the "Phantom
Guards" and "The Dance of the Popinjays"; the latter being one of the clev-
erest conceits ever seen in minstrelsy.
Mr. Fagan was general producer for Corinne for several seasons, also
with other notable companies.
As a song writer he is no less prominent ; "Everybody Takes Their Hat
Off to Me," and "A High Born Lady," each enjoyed great popularity.
: Ai .\i;klk ai;i:cco
CHAS. HENRY
(.'HAS. MErA III.K
CITAS. TEMPLETON
J. B. MURPHY
'T.\( K" nF.R,\r.\.\
GEO. GRAY
TOM I'RENDERGAST
CHAS. LOCKWOOD
TOM LESLIE
SINGERS OF THE 6o's.
JOHN F. OBERIST
2i8 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Likewise did this versatile genius write some very clever plays, nota-
bly— "The Land of Fancj'," "The Game of Love" and several others. Mr.
Fagan has been plaving with Henrietta Byron, of the Byron Sisters, since
1895-
Barney Fagan was born in Boston, Mass., January 12, 1850.
"Eustache" (George Worrell Culbertson), until February, 1878, was known
as George Robinson. He attained prominence as a female impersonator, and
made his first appearance with Dan Shelby, at his variety house in Buffalo,
N. Y.
His principal minstrel engagements were with Harry Robinson, and
Gal. Wagner's.
"Eustache" is said to be a native of Piqua, O. ; he died at Buffalo, N. Y.,
April 30, 1884.
Will H. Morton (Bushman), well known as an able interlocutor and singer
of motto songs, was one of the original members of Haverly's Minstrels of
1873; subsequently he did sketches with "Bernardo."
Mr. Morton was the husband of Lily Post, the favorite light opera singer.
Will H. Morton died in Pittsburgh, Pa., November 2, 1895.
Edwin Harley, a well-known vocalist of the old Haverly days, made his
first appearance as a member of Maguire's Minstrels in .San Francisco, Feb-
ruary 23, 1874. Mr. Harley is said to be comfortably situated in the rail-
road business in the great Northwest.
Eddid Foy (Fitzgerald), the "famed farceur with the funny face," was a
black-face song and dance man more than thirty years ago. He was of the
team of Foy and Thompson ; they began an engagement at Carncross' Min-
strels in Philadelphia, as late as January 22, 1883. This was before Mr. Foy
had dark designs of donning the habiliments of Hamlet.
Harry Budworth (John B. Kearney) was well known as a capable come-
dian, and was associated with some of the best minstrel organizations.
His professional career began in the early 70's, and ended shortly be-
fore his death, when he achieved considerable success appearing in vaudeville
in Charles Horwitz's "A Royal Visitor."
Harry Budworth died in Philadelphia, April 2, 1901.
James H. Decker began his professional career in an executive capacity
with Cooper and Bailey's Circus in 1879, and continued with them for three
seasons.
Minstrelsy first knew him also in 1879, when he was with Hooley and
Emerson's Megatherians. In 1881 he joined Sells Brothers Circus, and the
following year was assistant agent with Leavitt's Gigantean Minstrels.
In 1883 he returned to Sells Brothers, and continued with them three
years. Mr. Decker was so highly esteemed by his associates, that in No-
vember, 1883, they presented him with a gold watch charm.
At the conclusion of the circus season in 1886, Mr. Decker finally de-
cided to cast his lot with minstrelsy. Accordingly on December 20, 1886,
FROM '•DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 219
he joined McNish, Johnson and Slavin's Minstrels as general agent ; he con-
tinued with this company until the end of the following season, when he
joined Thatcher, Primrose and West's Minstrels; subsequently he was with
^ Primrose and West's Company, severing his connection with them Decem-
ber 21, 1889.
His next engagement was with George Thatcher's Company, and in
1892, in conjunction with Al. Primrose, formed Decker Brothers Minstrels.
Since then he has been identified in a managerial capacity successively with
Primrose and West's; Primrose and Dockstader's ; Primrose's, and lastly
Dockstader's Minstrels.
At the present time he is General Manager of the booking department
of the Shubert theatrical forces.
Mr. Decker, who is an indefatigable worker, can see nothing in min-
strelsy except that which he is identified with at that precise moment, and
like most successful men, has enemies galore.
James H. Decker was born in Albany, N. Y. See records for exact date.
Ch.\rles M. Ernest (McClenehan) was an extraordinary brilliant black-
face performer, and as a straight man in acts was especially clever.
He was prominently identified with William H. West's Minstrels in the
late 90's, and at one time was a partner of Tom Lewis.
Shortly previous to his death, in conjunction with George Thatcher, he
gave a mythical minstrel first part scene in vaudeville with pronounced suc-
cess.
He was once the husband of Cora Beckwith, the well-known swimmer.
Charles M. Ernest was born in Jackson, Tenn. ; he died in Harrison,
N. Y., May 21, 1907.
Fred Frear joined Moore and Burgess' Minstrels in London, England, at
the age of seven years as a ballad singer ; later he developed into a fine song
and dance performer and female impersonator. He was with that company
for fourteen years.
He died in London, England, August 12, 1889; age 25 years.
Sh.\rpley and ^^^EST. the well known black-face musical act, made their
appearance as a team in Hoboken, N. J., about 1878, and continued until the
death of the former ; during which period they played the best variety houses
and organizations.
Previous to forming a partnership with Fred. Sharpley. Mr. West had
been associated with Charley Hanson, whom he joined in 1872.
Later he did an act with Sam Dearin, the latter was then known as Billy
Bryant.
Mr. West subsequently joined Fred Bryant, and as Bryant and West
were associated about three years ; then came Sharpley and West.
Fred Sharpley was born in Montreal, Canada, January 17, 1856; he died
in Chicago, III, March 23. 1888.
Charley West was born in New York City, June 18, 1850.
Archie Baldwin (Stockmar), famous as one of the team of Baldwin and
220 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Daly, whose "Happy Hottentots" was one of the best black-face acts on the
-■fariety stage, died in Havana, Cuba, January 7, 1900; age 47 years.
Harry Lansing (Zebley) an old-time female impersonator, was with Sim-
mons and Slocum's Minstrels in Philadelphia in 1874; in 1879 he was with
Haverly's Minstrels.
About the middle 80's he had as a partner, Harry Constantine ; together
they played the variety theatres.
Harry Lansing died (murdered) in Philadelphia, February, 1887.
Nolan Kelly, of the black-face song and dance team of Sarony, Waters
and Kelly, also Waters and Kelly, died in London, England, April 15, 1893.
Wm. H. Bryant (O'Brien), a nephew of Dan, Neil,, Jerry and William T.
Bryant, and the son of a father who was a non-professional, played with Neil
Bryant's Minstrels in 1878; he was a comedian.
He died in Portland, Me., April 29, 1890; age 38 years.
Emil Ames. This clever performer was of diminutive stature, and a good
comedian. He was with Jerry Thomas' Minstrels in 1878, and with Hav-
erly in Chicago a few years later, also other prominent organizations.
Emil Ames died in Chicago, 111., March 3, 1892.
Billy Richardson won fame as a stump speaker, but was likewise a good
end man, or corner man, as they call them in England, where Mr. Richard-
son's professional career was chiefly spent as a member of Sam Hague's
Minstrels. He came to the United States with the latter organization, and
made his first New York appearance January 2, 1882.
The following year he was with Haverly's Minstrels; subsequently he
returned to his native land.
He married Miss Mary O'Hagan, May 17, 1871.
Billy Richardson was born in England about fifty-five years ago, maybe
sixty ; we hope it is no worse.
The Devere Bros, joined hands about 1876, and up to the time of Tommy
Devere's death played the principal variety theatres ; William Devere then
joined Robert Wilson, appearing as Devere and Wilson ; after a brief season
William Devere joined George DeVere, and as the Devere Brothers con-
tinued until December 2, 1882, William Devere then taking the business
management of the National Theatre in Hackensack, N. J. •
William Devere (Bell) died in New York City, December 14, 1882.
Tommy Devere (Braun), died in New York City, April 2, 1880; age 24
years.
Charley Atkins, who has long since retired from active theatricals, and
embarked in mercantile pursuits in New York City, was once the partner of
Joe Fox, of Fox and Ward ; this was in the late 6o's ; though Mr. Atkins
doesn't look it.
"CiNCiNNATUs" (Michael O'Connor), one of the best neat song and dance
222 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
men in minstrelsy, began life as a newsboy in Cincinnati. He was a regular
attendant of Newcomb's Minstrels in the Queen City ; it was here that he
first saw Billy Emerson, and at once became an ardent admirer of him.
Young O'Connor attracted the attention of manager W. W. Newcomb, who
gave him an opportunity to appear, which he did week of October 12, 1868,
under his own name, as a jig dancer, but taking that of "Cincinnatus" in the
songs and dances.
"Cincinnatus" made no secret of the fact that he imitated Emerson,
which he did with great fidelity. He soon attained great popularity in the
West. His next engagement was with Lewis and Murphy's Minstrels,
opening at St. Louis, July 24, 1869.
His first New York appearance was with Newcomb and Arlington's
Minstrels, April 17, 1871.
May 5, 1873, the "Cincinnatus" Minstrels took the road for a brief period,
opening at Xenia, Ohio. April 15, 1878, he formed an alliance with John
Hogan, and as Hogan and "Cincinnatus" they made their first appearance at
the London Theatre, New York.
"Cincinnatus" died at Xenia, Ohio, April 25, 1882.
Booker and Canfield constituted one of the truly great song and dance
teams of minstrelsy. Both performers were short in stature, and each began
their careers in the circus business.
In 1871 they formed a partnership, doing an acrobatic song and dance,
subsequently they went to South America with Chiarini's Circus ; returning
to the LInited States they became members of Cal. Wagner's Minstrels,
where they were a sensation.
Their success was so great that several mangers competed for their
services ; J. H. Haverly was the lucky bidder, and they joined his company
in December, 1873, remaining five years at probably the highest salary ever
given a song and dance team, viz : $300.00 per week, and 5 per cent, of the
net profits, it is said.
Other prominent organizations they were associated with were — Emer-
son's, in Chicago, Welch, Hughes and White in Brooklyn, and Moore and
Burgess in London, England.
They are credited with being the first black-face team to play in Paris,
France, where they sang "Moonlight in Cape May" in French ; subsequently
they played in Berlin, Hamburg, Vienna and Madrid, singing the same song
in the language of the respective countries.
They also plaj'ed engagements in India, China, Japan, Java and Aus-
tralia.
Returning to this country in 1881, they organized their own company,
and in May, 1882, the long partnership ceased.
Mr. Canfield was identified for many years with the famous Hoyt farces,
and was co-star with George Richards in these plays for several seasons.
His last engagement was with David Warfield in "The Auctioneer." He
was a brother of John Canfield, of the vaudeville team of Canfield and Carleton.
Harry Booker did an act with George A. Booker (Dingle), after leav-
ing Mr. Canfield, and at the present time is in vaudeville.
Eugene Canfield (Francis Ramie Canfield), was born in Utica, N. Y.,
May 3, 185 1 ; he died in New York City, May 4, 1904.
FROM "DADDY- RICE TO DATE. 223
Harry Booker (M. H. Egan), was born near Bowling Green, Ky., July
28, 1850.
John Turner, a good song and dance performer, at various times was
associated with Billy Lester and James Roche in black-face specialties; he
was also of the team of Cummings and Turner.
He died at Kansas City, Mo., November 26, 1877; age 27 years.
The Barlow Brothers were one of the best-known song and dance teams
in minstrelsy. In 1867 they were performing at the Bowery Theatre, New York
City.
In 1871 they were with Morris Brothers Minstrels, closing February 3,
1872 ; in September, the following year, they joined Simmons and Slocum's
Minstrels in Philadelphia ; they did a plantation song and dance turn there
which they called "Quit Dat": perhaps most of us picture that act. April
10, 1877, at Cynthiana, Ky., saw the first performance of Barlow Brothers
Minstrels, an organization that toured the country for about fifteen 3'ears.
The Barlow Brothers were with Harrigan and Hart's Company in 1882;
their last joint minstrel engagement was with Ed. Bartlett's California Min-
strels, November and December, 1898.
The following season brother Bill put in at Dumont's Minstrels in Phila-
delphia, where he did an act with that "prince of pianists," Tom Waters.
James Barlow (Arthur), was born at Mount Savanage, Md. ; he died at
Roscoe, Pa., August 4, 1900; age 51 years.
William Barlow (Arthur), is at present in retirement in Pittsburgh, Pa.
Billy Arnold (Wm. Henry Garrett Arnold) made his first appearance at
the Louisville, Kentucky Opera House, doing a sand jig dance at the tender
age of eight years, and says he has been dancing ever since — with occasional
interruptions for food and sleep.
About 1865 he doubled with his brother Amos, doing songs and dances;
and in 1873, the alliance was further strengthened by the addition of the
youngest brother, Frank, being known as the Three Arnold Brothers ; Eu-
gene Stratton became the fourth "brother" a few years later, and together
they played the principal variety companies of the country.
The three Arnolds were with the original Haverly's Mastodons at the
opening at the Adelphi Theatre, Chicago, October 21, 1878; later Billy Ar-
nold's own minstrels took the road, and he has been with several prominent
organizations since, notably Hooley's Minstrels in 1881, and Billy Rice and
Hooley's Minstrels in 1882.
Billy Arnold is best known to the public as a great tambourine minipu-
lator, and was the acknowledged champion as early as 1877 ; his feat of spin-
ning two tambourines at one time was invariably encored during the over-
ture on the first part.
Some years ago Mr. Arnold married Lida Gardner, daughter of the
famous Dan Gardner. Both are actively engaged in their profession.
Billy Arnold was born in Louisville, Ky., July 10, 1850.
Amos D. Arnold began as a black-face performer with his brother Billy,
singing "Sally Come Up" at the age of ten; most of his career was in con-
junction with his two brothers.
224 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
He was born in Louisville, Ky., February 28, 1855 ; died at San Fran-
cisco, Cal., March 16, 1886.
Frank Arnold (Francisco Virello Fortinetti Arnold) could dance from
the time he reached his seventh year. His first professional appearance in
conjunction with his two brothers was made at Mortimer's Varieties (the
present National Theatre), Philadelphia, in "The Old Man's Drunk Again,"
a well-known vehicle for many prominent black-face performers ; this was in
1873, and with his brothers they likewise met with great success. In 1875
the three brothers played an engagement of seven months at 585 Broadway,
New York City.
Frank Arnold was born in Louisville, Ky., June 28, 1858; he died at Den-
ver, Colo., January 22, 1892.
Lewis H. Davis made his first appearance about 1867 with the late Richard
Golden, doing black-face songs and dances ; they were billed as Masters Lew
and Dick. Their first engagement was with Wheeler's Liternational Circus,
following this they were with Smith, Davenport and Golden's Variety Com-
pany. Early in 1868 Allie's Mexican Knife Throwers Company claimed their
services, and part of the season of 1869-70 they played an engagement with
Sam Sharpley's Minstrels. Later with Golden he joined and did songs and dances
with Bob Birdue.
After this and until his untimely death, which occurred in the dressing-
room just prior to the performance, he was associated with Billy Chace, and
as Chace and Davis they played the principal variety houses of the country,
also an engagement with Sweet and Thornton's Lady Minstrels, in the
Spring of 1875.
Lewis H. Davis was born in Bangor, Me. ; he died (suicide) at St. Johns,
N. B., August 3, 1878.
Billy Barry, one of the funniest Irish comedians our stage has ever known,
did black-face business for many years before "McKenna's Flirtation" with
Mary Ellen Ryan.
He was with Haverly's Minstrels in 1868, leaving that organization on
December 8. that year.
September 12, 1870, he opened with Welch, Hughes and White's Min-
strels in Brooklyn, N. Y., being billed as the "Great Western Comedian,"
subsequently he played an engagement with Simmons and Slocum's Min-
strels in Philadelphia. And for several seasons at Pastor's Theatre in New
York City, he played black-face parts in the stock.
Mr. Barry was married to Miss Fanny Fordham, and at the time of his
death was survived by seven children — Lydia, Emma, Clara, Robert, Frank,
Charles and William J.
Billy Barry was born in Ireland ; he died in Brooklyn, N. Y., April 15,
1898; age 48 years.
Billy Diamond (Bates), a good general performer, was connected with
several of the older minstrel organizations, notably the Morris Brothers, with
whom he made his first appearance in his native city at the age of 10.
In 1881 he married Minnie Blaich, at Newark, N. J.
He died at Boston, Mass., January 14, 1893.
226 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Bobby McGown was a first-class clog dancer, and was the first partner of
George Primrose, whom he joined in E. Saginaw, Mich., about 1870. With
Primrose he played the variety houses, and an engagement with O'Brien's
Circus.
He died (drowned), at Holyoke, Mass., August 22, 1875.
Archie White (Moak), known to patrons of minstrelsy for over forty
years, began his professional career in the late 6o's, and early 'took as a part-
ner, Frank White, of Auburn, N. Y., with whom he did double songs and
dances ; later they formed an amateur minstrel show, visiting nearby towns.
His first regular engagement was with the Park Theatre Company of Brook-
lyn, N. Y. ; it lasted one consecutive week.
In 1870 he became a member of Blaisdell Brothers and Courtright's Min-
strels, opening at Portage City, Wis. ; it was with this company that chance
gave him an opportunity to do an "end"; and he did it well : this engagement
lasted thirteen months. Next came a series of variety engagements. In
1873 he became a "member" of the famous Peak Family of Bell Ringers, do-
ing a genteel song and dance.
His next prominent engagement was with Harry Robinson's Minstrels;
with this company he formed a partnership with the late Charles T. Ellis,
of "Casper, the Yodler" fame. After this Mr. White played variety theatres
for two years, then a short trip with one of Haverly's Minstrel companies.
After Lew Benedict withdrew from the Duprez and Benedict organiza-
tion, Mr. Duprez, who continued to use the trade-mark, chose Mr. White as
his late partner's successor ; he joined the company at Scranton, Pa., Sep-
tember 17, 1877, and remained eight years.
Of late years Mr. White has been successful in rural drama, appearing
in the plays "Joshua Simpkins" and "Uncle Josh, in Chinatown."
At the present time he is actively engaged in vaudeville, giving his old
darky delineations, of which he is a master.
In the early minstrel days Mr. White ranked high as a tambourine ma-
nipulator.
Archie White was born in Cherry Valley, N. Y., January 20, 1850.
Press Eldredge (Preston W. Eldredge), whose sobriquet of "The Com-
mander-in-Chief of the Army, of Fun" is known wherever the vaudeville lan-
guage is spoken, began his stage career at the New Bowery Theatre in 1863,
at a benefit for J. W. Lingard ; his offering was "Johnny Schmoker," in Dutch
dialect.
His black-face career dates from 1876, at which time he entered the
variety business, doing a monologue successfully for two years. In 1878 he
made his first minstrel appearance with Harry Bloodgood's Minstrels, doing
an "end," and as comedian, the tour was a brief one, and returning to New
York he resumed his variety engagements until 1880, vvhen he joined Snell-
baker and Benton's Majestic Consolidation, under canvas. In 1881 he opened
the American Theatre, New Haven, Conn., as a variety house, remaining
until January, 1886, when he went to Koster & Bial's, 23rd Street Music Hall,
New York City, as stage manager and producer. In November, the same
year, he made his initial bow at Carncross' Minstrels in Philadelphia, and
continued there until April, 1891, at which time he went to Moore and Bur-
FROM -DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 227
gess' Minstrels in London, England, and played a year's engagement. In
May, 1892, he joined Haverly's Home Minstrels in Chicago, and stayed there
until the company went on tour in November, 1893.
Then came a riotous round of vaudeville, solid until 1906, when Al. G.
Field showed him a handsome parade suit and the diagram of the Field pri-
vate car — and something else and — well, the season of 1906 — and 1907, saw
Mr. Eldridge back among 11.45 ^oy^ for a period of about ten months; since
then, vaudeville. Mr. Eldridge was married some years ago to Louise San-
ford, from whom he subsequently separated.
Press Eldridge was born in Philadelphia ; guess when.
Geor(;e HoR.\, was sometimes called "Eph. Horn. Jr." He was a comedian
and very well known in Philadelphia, where he died June 28, 1904.
Burt Shep,\rd, recognized as a clever female impersonator in his early
career, commenced professionally with Haverly's New Orleans Minstrels
about 1874, and continued with them three years. In 1878 he became a mem-
ber of Sweatnam's Minstrels in Philadelphia, and at the close of the season
joined Billy Emerson and the Big 4 Minstrels; season of 1879 and 1880 was
spent with Carncross' Minstrels in Philadelphia; he then joined the Thatcher,
Primrose and West Company, and was with them practically from their in-
ception to their dissolution ; later he was identified with Thatcher and Rich
and Harris' "Tuxedo" for two seasons.
1892-93 saw Shepard and Billy Rice's IMinstrels, while a year later Burt
Shepard's Modern Minstrels took the field.
In 1895 Mr. Shepard was with Cleveland's Minstrels, where he officiated
in the middle, in addition to doing a black-face specialty ; season of 1896-97
was devoted to vaudeville. In 1897 he went to England, and subsequently to
Paris ; South Africa and Australia, all the time meeting with unqualified suc-
cess with his monologue and parodies at the piano.
Burt Shepard was born; of that I am sure, but just when or where, he
neglected to state.
Fred B. M.xlcglm, the "male soprano," and an exceedingly clever one. was a
protege of the late Jessie Bartlett Davis, and acquired his early musical edu-
cation from E. L. Bartlett, father of Mrs. Davis.
His professional career began with the Bartlett Sister's Concert Com-
pany, which was brought to a sudden termination by the death of Miss Ara-
bella Bartlett. Two years were then spent- in variety theatres.
His first appearance in female make-up was at the Queen's Theatre, Tor-
onto, Canada. Later he was engaged by J. H. Haverly for the latter's new
"Mastodons," with whom he played for three seasons : after the consolidation
of the two companies (Haverly's), Mr. Malcolm continued with Mr. Haverly
for nine months : a record of which to be proud.
An engagement of three years with Billy Emerson's Minstrels in San
Francisco followed ; during this time Mr. Malcolm was away from the com-
pany but four weeks.
A return engagement with Haverly, opening at the Drury Lane Theatre,
London, England, May 31, 1884, and continuing as a member of that organi-
zation for one year, followed. Returning to America, Mr. Malcolm remained
228 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
with Air. Haverly until the latter sold out to W. S. Cleveland. He became
a member of iMcNish, Johnson and Slavin's Minstrels in 1886, and continued
with them until the dissolution of the organization, about May, 1888; subse-
quently joining Johnson and Slavin's Minstrels.
Since that time ^Ir. Malcolm did concert w^ork chiefly. In his early
career he did a specialty in the leading variety theatres with the late Arthur
Doty.
Fred B. Malcolm was born near Morris, 111. ; he died in Chicago, 111.,
April 3, 1910.
Frank H. White began his professional career as a member of the Aeolian
Quartette in his native city in 1871, and continued with them for seven years.
He married in 1879, ^"d as Frank H. and Lillian White they played
variety engagements until about 1891, when they separated.
He played black-face parts in dramatic companies for a while, and
about fifteen or eighteen years ago was with Lew Dockstader's Minstrels.
A few years ago he joined Lew Simmons in an old-time black-face act,
with whom he is still associated.
Mr. White is a great delineator of the scary coon.
Frank H. White was born in Newark, N. J.
Richard Magee, Jr., well known as a vocalist in Philadelphia, joined Sim-
mons and Slocum's Minstrels in that city late in December, 1872, terminat-
ing his engagement April 5, 1873.
He died February 27, 1880.
"Memphis" Kennedy, a well-known black-face performer, who did a unique
musical act, was with Lew Dockstader's Minstrels about 1893, also other
well-known companies.
He was drowned near Hannibal Mo., October 12, 1907.
Bob Height, the well-known colored comedian, who was a favorite with Sam
Hague's Minstrels in Liverpool, England, in the middle 70's, died in Man-
chester, England, September 8, 1881.
Burton Stanley was famous for his female impersonations. In 1875 he
was with Haverly's Minstrels; September 2, 1879, he joined a dramatic
organization in "Larks," and a few months later was traveling with Stan-
ley's Juvenile Company. August 24, 1881, he opened with Brooks, Dickson
and Clapham's Minstrels; the tour was a brief one and in November follow-
ing, Mr. Stanley joined Leavitt's Minstrels. His next important engage-
ment was with Emerson's Minstrels in San Francisco ; here he met Gus
Pixley, later forming an alliance, playing the variety houses for several sea-
sons. Mr. Stanley retired from the profession some years ago, and is now
a prosperous boniface in the West.
Harry (Jas. H.) Armstrong or "Handsome Harry" (see portrait) as he
was known, began his professional career about forty years ago, and only
a short time later launched Armstrong's Constellation Variety Troupe and
Female Minstrels.
W. W. liLACK
CHAS. T. WHITE
JOHN J. BLUE
JOE. BROWN JNO. E. GREEN
HOW'S THIS FOR A COLOR SCHEME?
230 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
In 1874 he was with Harry Robinson's Minstrels and the following year
with one of Leavitt's attractions.
In the fall of 1879 he joined the Big Four Minstrels, and in 1881 became
a member of Leavitt's Minstrels. 1882 saw him with Courtright and Haw-
kin's Minstrels in Philadelphia, and the following season he was with Hav-
erly's Minstrels.
Mr. Armstrong joined Sweatnam, Rice and Pagan's Minstrels in 1887
for the season ; in 1892 he was again with Haverly at the latter's perma-
nent home of minstrelsy in Chicago; at this house he did acts with Harry
Constantine, the female impersonator.
Harry Armstrong was born at Wilmington, Del., April 3, 1850.
H.-VRRY Shirley, a well-known singer, who was with Emerson's Minstrels
in San Francisco in 1881, also other prominent companies, died in Los
Angeles, Cal., September 22, 1889.
Otis Bowers, of the old minstrel firm of "Beach and Bowers" Minstrels,
when last heard of was a contented resident of Maquoketa, Iowa.
After six months of constant practice, the author is able to spell and
pronounce properly the name of the thriving little town in the state that
produced Bert Leslie.
H.\rry Shay (Shea) was a well known and capable black-face comedian
and general performer. He had been associated with many of the prominent
variety theatres as stock comedian, and was especially a favorite in Pater-
son, N. J., where he died, November 4, 1886.
Hurley and Marr, famous for many years in their black-face songs and
dances, formed a partnership about 1869; they appeared with Hooley's Min-
strels in Brooklyn, N. Y., in December of that year.
Subsetjuently they played successful engagements with Hooley in Chi-
cago in the Fall of 1872, leaving Hooley to join Arlington, Cotton and Kem-
ble's Minstrels, in the same city.
They also appeared with Bryant's in New York, and Simmons and
Slocum in Philadelphia.
Mr. Marr later separated from Hurley, and for about ten years worked
with his brother John, as the Marr Brothers.
J. Hurley died in New York, July 22, 1886.
Billy Marr was born in New York; he died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Decem-
ber 13, 1892; age 40 years.
James Holly, of the once well-known and favorite black-face song and
dance team of Homer and Holly, died in Memphis, Tenn., January 17, 1891 ;
age 40 years.
Carroll Johnson (James Carroll) is one of the foremost living minstrels,
and is justly entitled to the appellation "Beau Brummell" of minstrelsy ; his
costumes and acting as the dandy darky, making him a likely prototype in
black of that famous personage.
FROM "DADDV RICE TO DATE. 231
Mr. Johnson's theatrical career began at the Bowery Theatre in New
York, about 1866, doing a singing and dancing specialty.
He played the usual variety engagements until November i, 1869, on
which date he joined Newcomb's Minstrels in Washington, D. C. The fol-
lowing year, September 5, he formed a partnership with George Powers,
doing a high kicking song and dance, starting with Hooley's Minstrels in
Brooklyn, N. Y. ; when that company opened in Chicago, January 2, 1871,
Mr. Johnson was with them, and continued for several months.
August 26, 1872, he opened with Birch, Wambokl and Backus' Min-
strels in New York, and except during the season of 1874-75, when he was
with Carncross and Di.xey's jMinstrels in Philadelphia, he was with them
until 1882.
In the Summer of 1880 he played a brief engagement with Moore and
Burgess' Minstrels in London, England. Subsequently he played engage-
ments with Courtright and Hawkin's Minstrels, in Philadelphia; Emer-
son's, in San Francisco, and Haverly's in Chicago; it was here in the Sum-
mer of 1883 that Johnson and Powers dissolved partnership. Mr. Johnson
later played with Haverly, in Europe, after which he returned to America,
and with Charley Reed gave a fine minstrel performance in San Francisco,
opening August, 1884, and remaining until July following:
Cn July 30, 1885, he became one of the proprietors of McNish, John-
son and Slavin's Minstrels, opening on that date at Paterson, N. J. ; the
organization was in existence for three seasons. Johnson and Slavin's Min-
strels took the road in 1888; the partnership was dissolved in June, 1889.
September g, following, Mr. Johnson began a starring tour in white
face, appearing in "The Fairy's Well" ; he was with this company two sea-
sons, and the next two years in "The Gossoon," and the "Irish Statesman"
respectively.
In 1893 with George Thatcher he organized, and conducted, for two
years Thatcher and Johnson's 20th Century Minstrels.
Three years in vaudeville in black and white face was followed by an
engagement with the \\illiam H. West Company of the Primrose and
West's Minstrels, there being two companies of that name season of 1897-98.
Mr. Johnson joined West's Minstrels in I'SgS, and continued until
1900; then three more years of vaudeville, followed by two and a half years
with Lew Dockstader's Minstrels.
He was with Dumont's Minstrels in Philadelphia, season 1909-10.
August 3, 1910, he began an engagement with Lew Dockstader's Minstrels
for the season.
Mr. Johnson was married in Boston, Mass., June 15, 1871, and lived
happily ever after.
Carroll Johnson was born in Carlingford, Ireland, December 16, 1851.
Tommy Gr.\nger the "Prince Jockey" as he was sometimes called, from the
fact that his entrance on the stage was made on a coal black steed arrayed
in Tod Sloan habiliments (Granger, not the horse) began "acting up" in
1861, doing a black-face song and dance at an exceedingly tender age, and
in black face: this was in Buffalo; "Root Hog or Die" was the song used
on this auspicious occasion.
But it was as a dancer that Mr. Granger gained fame ; and his "Raffle
232 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
for an Eight Day Stove," is recalled by many a theatre goer of 30 years ago.
His first minstrel engagement was with W. W. Newcomb in 1865 ; subse-
quently he allied himself with such well-known companies as Simmons and
Slocum's in Philadelphia ; Thatcher, Primrose and West's and the "Cali-
fornia" Minstrels ; his last engagement with a minstrel company was with
the Barlow Brothers.
Tom Granger's Georgia Minstrels in 1878 didn't conflict with Haverly's
Mastodons of the same year.
Tommy Granger was born in Kingston, Canada, August 9, 1851.
John McVickar (Harrington), one of the original "Bay State Boys," who
did a good clog dancing act, made his first appearance as a member of that
quartette at the old Howard in Boston, Mass., September 13, 1869. They
played with the Morris Brother's Minstrels, also with Dougherty, Wild,
Barney and Mac's Minstrels in the Hub.
The four disbanded in 1871. About 1883 Mr. McVickar went to Lo-
throp's Theatre in Boston, as manager, later going to the Howard, where he
continued tmtil about 1904.
John McVickar died in Boston, Mass., May 24, 1909.
Seamon S. Pettitt made his first professional appearance at the age of nine
years.
His first partner was James Sharpley ; subsequently with Tommy
Moore they worked as Masters Tommy and Willie. In 1871 Pettitt, Phillips
and White formed an alliance which continued one year, after which Pettitt
and White did a double song and dance untill the death of Mr. Pettitt.
He had been with Skiff and Gaylord's Minstrels and other well known
companies. During the Summer season he acted as singing clown in the
circus.
Mr. Pettitt was born October 6, 185 1; he died at Taylorsville, Pa.,
August 10, 1880.
Tommy Winnett made his first appearance in 1864 at the Canterbury Music
Hall. In 1866 he formed a partnership with Charley Holly, and as Winnett and
Holly they continued until July 10, 1868.
Mr. Winnett has been associated with the following well-known min-
strel companies — "Campbell's"; Sam Sanford's ; Kunkel's "Nightingale's";,
Skiff and Gaylord's; Hooley's, in Brooklyn, and Welch, Hughes and White,
same city.
Mr. Winnett won a medal in Mobile, Ala., for his dancing, and a silver
cup in Memphis, Tenn.
For twenty-five years he traveled with his wife, as Tom and Lottie Win-
nett. His last professional appearance was in Chicago, at the Olympic
Theatre, in 1898.
Tommy Winnett was born in New York, May 25, 185 1.
The Gorman Brothers, or the three Gorman boys, as they are invariably
spoken of, are synonymous with all that is best in minstrelsy ; for these gen-
tlemen had the schooling on the variety and minstrel stage that the present
generation of performers never may hope to attain.
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DICK SI. ITER
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MIKE KANANE
BOBBY NEWCOMB
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TIM. HAYES
WALLY THOMAS
DAISY DANCERS OF MANY DECADES.
234 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Gifted with natural talents that place them on the hip;hest plane in their
profession, they used these to the best advantage, and thus hold the envi-
able positions they occupy to-day.
James Gorman, or "Jim" as we all love to call him, was the first of the
trio to make his professional entre', which he did with Hooley's Minstrels
in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn, N. Y. ; the theatre is now known
as the Novelty ; the date, February, 1869.
Mr. Gorman's salary was seventy-five cents per night, most of which he
has since squandered.
In 1872 brother John joined brother Jim, and as the Gorman Brothers
made their first joint appearance at the Bowery Theatre, in New York.
Three years later little Georgie joined his brothers, then and there cre-
ating a trade-mark which subsequently became prominent all over the
country.
Several years were spent in the principal variety houses, and on Octo-
ber 21, 1878, at the Adelphi Theatre in Chicago, they made their appearance
with the newly organized Haverly's Mastodon 'Minstrels, at the initial per-
formance of that famous organization.
The brothers continued with Haverly mostly until 1883, when in conjunction
with Gorton's Minstrels, Gorman Bros.' Royal Pantomime Company toured
the country for several months.
In the Summer of 1884 they rejoined Haverly at the Drury Lane Thea-
tre, London, England, playing there ten weeks; after which they made a tour
of the provinces, and returned to the United States, opening in Cincinnati,
Ohio, at Heuck's Opera House, March 18, 1885.
They remained under the Haverly banner until they organized their own
company, the Gorman Bros.' Minstrels, giving their first performance
August 24, 1887; they continued as an organization for six consecutive sea-
sons.
In 1893 they played with Primrose and West's "Monte Carlo" Com-
pany. The "boys" next appeared with the "Gilhooley's Abroad," as the
vehicle for their talents ; they continued with this for three seasons.
Subsequently they produced "]\Ir. Beane, from Boston," which ran for
two seasons.
In August, 1906, the Gorman Brother's Minstrels again took the field,
but owing to gross mismanagement, did not continue as long as the artistic
merits of the organization justified it in doing. As a production, this com-
pany was an event in minstrelsy.
We are wont to speak of the Gormans as dancers ; and of James, as a
producer; but the versatility of these "youths" know no bounds.
John and George are comedians of high degree, as attested by their
success with Marie Dressier, in "Tillie's Nightmare" at the Herald Square
Theatre. New York, during the Summer of 1910; and they have many other
successes to their credit.
George Gorman is conceded to be one of the world's greatest dancers.
And John, the altitudinous one, excels as a character comedian. Such in
brief, are the careers of the "Gentlemanly Gormans."
James Gorman was born in New York City, August 23, 1852.
John Gorman was born in New York City, November 4, 1855.
George Gorman was born in New York City, December 16, 1864.
FROM "DADDY- RICE TO DATE. 235
Wm. F. Holmes, the favorite baritone vocalist, began his professional career
at an early age with the Caroline Richings Troupe.
He was with several prominent minstrel companies, notably Thatcher
and Ryman in Philadelphia in 1881, and McNish, Johnson and Slavin's, with
whom he was at the time of his death in Boston, Mass., December 10, 1886.
He was 34 years of age.
Charles Brickwood (Brickett), well known as a comedian and banjoist,
entered the profession about 1875. He had been successfully identified with
the minstrel companies of Whitmore and Clark's ; I. W. Baird's and George
Irving's California Minstrels. In 1878 he was with Washburn's Last Sen-
sation.
For several years he had played Uncle Tom in a most acceptable man-
ner : he had likewise played Marks, also in "Uncle Tom's Cabin." Mr.
Brickwood was a brother of the late Mayor of Haverhill, Alass., and a man
of unusual intelligence. Charles Brickwood died at Haverhill, Mass., Octo-
ber 22, 1900; age 48 years.
Everett Weslyn joined Frank Casey about 1872 in a musical act, and con-
tinued with him until his (Weslyn's) death.
He was with Carncross and Dixey's Minstrels in Philadelphia, in 1877 ;
subsequently with Haverly's Mastodons.
He died in St. Louis, Mo., November 8, 1879; age 27 years.
Fox AND Ward — To Fox and Ward belong the enviable distinction of hav-
ing existed as partners (perhaps we should say theatrical associates), for a
longer period than that of any other team ; active partners is the terrn
meant. Their initial joint appearance was in Cincinnati in 1868.
Early in 1870 they played their first minstrel engagement with Dan
Shelby's Company, and the same year they joined Duprez and Benedict's
Minstrels, and were features of this famous organization until 1879, when
they joined Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West's Minstrels.
Subsequently they were with the Skiff and Gaylord Company, and in
September, 1882, Fox and Ward's Minstrels m.ade their first appearance.
In 1884 they were members of Haverly's Minstrels.
In 1886 they played with Lester and Allen's Minstrels, and two years
later returned to Haverly.
In 1890 they traveled with George Arlington's Minstrels.
Fox and Ward eschewed minstrelsy for several years, when in 1897
th^y played their third engagement with Haverly.
Again deserting their burnt cork friends, they played vaudeville and
combination dates for a few seasons. They joined Dumont's Minstrels in
Philadelphia in 1905, and the major portion of the intervening time has been
since spent with that notable organization.
Joseph Fox (Monahan), was born in Ogdensburg, N. Y., May 7. 1852.
William H. Ward (Marvin Morton Mallison), was born in Canandai-
gua, N. Y., September 17, 1852.
Did it ever occur to you that of the many minstrel companies of the
236 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
past in which two or more headed the organization, the last named member
of the alliance was the first to pass away?
For example, Skiff and Gaylord ; Low. Gaylord was the first to die —
there are about thirty other such instances.
«
George H. Primrose (Delaney), in addition to being one of the most grace-
ful dancers in the profession, is concededly one of its best business men ; a
rare combination in theatrical history.
Mr. Primrose's career began about 1867 in Detroit, Mich., with Mc-
Farland's Minstrels, at which time he was billed as Master Georgie, the
infant clog dancer ; subsequently he joined the New Orleans Minstrels.
In the Summer of 1871 he went to Smith's Opera House, Saginaw,
Mich. ; here he met and formed a partnership with Bobby McGown, and
shortly afterwards they joined O'Brien's Circus, where they performed a
double clog in the concert ; at the end of the tent season, Primrose and Mc-
Gown dissolved partnership, and Mr. Primrose went with Skiff and Gay-
lord's Minstrels; it was here he first met William H. West; late in 1871.
A few months later they formed a partnership that continued about thirty
years.
About May i, 1873, Mr. Primrose and his new partner joined O'Brien's
Circus, again playing in the concerts ; a little later they played their first
joint minstrel engagement with Simmons and Slocum in Philadelphia, clos-
ing with them in the Spring of 1874. That same year, November 20, they
made their initial appearance with Haverly's Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y. ;
continuing with them until June 14, 1877 ; two months later Barlow, Wil-
son, Primrose and West's Minstrels gave their first performance ; this was a
grand organization ; it continued until the Summer of 1882.
In conjunction with George Thatcher, Mr. Primrose and his partner
organized Thatcher, Primrose and West's Minstrels at Elmira, N. Y.,
August 3, 1882 ; this alliance was dissolved at the conclusion of the season
of 1888-89. In the Summer of 1889, Primrose and West's Minstrels made
their initial bow and continued as an organization until April 30, 1898, when
at Milwaukee, Wis., the long partnership that existed between Primrose
and West dissolved.
Season of 1897-98, Mr. Primrose headed one minstrel company, while Mr.
West piloted another ; both companies being under their joint management.
Beginning in 1898, and continuing until the Spring of 1903, Mr. Prim-
rose and Lew Dockstader joined forces, and Primrose and Dockstader's com-
pany was the premier minstrel organization until the Spring of 1903.
Since that period Mr. Primrose has headed his own organization, with
an occasional season in vaudeville. '
On August 2, 1879, Mr. Primrose married Miss Emma Catlin, at Buf-
falo, N. Y. The first Mrs. Primrose died some years ago. On April 24,
1904, he married Miss Esther Nerney, at Mount Vernon, N. Y.
George H. Primrose was born in London, Canada, November 12, 1852.
J. Marcus Doyle, the accomplished dancer, producer and comedian, made
his first appearance at a concert hall in Buffalo, N. Y., as boy, in the middle
6o's, subsequently joining a circus, and later forming one of the team of
Baker and D'oyle.
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His best work was done in minstrelsy, and he was identified with such
organizations as Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West's; Hi Henry's; Cleve-
land's and Barlow Brothers.
About 1896 he joined the May Russell Burlesque Company.
J. Marcus Doyle was born in Elyria, Ohio ; he died in Buffalo, N. Y.,
December 23, 1899; age 47 years.
Harry Woodso>5 (John Archer Shields), considered by many as the greatest
delineator of the "aged darky" that the stage ever knew, began his profes-
sional career as an amateur in his native city. His first professional engage-
ment was with the Buckley and Morris Minstrels singing in character "Old
Black Joe."
September 2, 1878, he began an engagement at Carncross' Minstrels in
Philadelphia, and in the Spring of 1881 he played another engagement in
the same city with Thatcher & Ryman's Minstrels. Commencing in 1880 he
was one of the proprietors of Woodson and Allen's Minstrels, which made
tours oflf and on until October 28, 1883, when the last performance was given
at Cynthiana, Ky. Season of 1886-87 he created the part of "Rufus," the
old negro in "Held by the Enemy."
He married Miss Laura Bennett, a well-known star of the old variety
days ; they had one daughter.
Mr. Woodson's singing of "That Old Gray Mule of Mine" was a classic.
His last engagement was with Cleveland's Minstrels in 1891.
Harry Woodson was born in Richmond, Va., January 15, 1852; he died
at Amityville, Long Island, N. Y., August 30, 1898.
W. S. Belknap, prominent as a bass singer with Haverly's Mastodon Min-
strels ; Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West's and other minstrel organiza-
tions, died at Louisville, Ky., February 15, 1900; age 48 years.
Billy O'Day (Geo. F. Day), who excelled as a "rough wench," commenced
"acting up" late in 1871 at Frank Wild's Varieties in Buffalo, N. Y. ; re-
mained one year at $12 per — not $12.00 per year; but perhaps you have
guessed it.
Afterwards he was with Shay's Ouinciplexal Minstrels, and joined
Billy Wild; known as O'Day and Wild, the "Ebony Kings," the partner-
ship continued two years. He then played variety engagements, and was
three years at Harry Enochs in Philadelphia.
In 1890 O'Day and Jerry. Cunnningham were partners, and remained
so for one year. Mr. O'Day has since that time played white and black-
face characters in several prominent dramatic organizations, including
Rufus, in "Held by the Enemy" and Decatur in "Alabama," not forgetting
Uncle Tom in the latter's Cabin.
I most forgot to say that about 1873 Mr. O'Day appeared as "Master
Willie" with the San Francisco Minstrels in New York, and sang "There's
A Letter In The Candle."
Mr. O'Day was married at Johnstown, Pa., October 13, 1892, to Miss
Mary Eagel, a non-professional.
Billy O'Day was born April i, 1852, in Brooklyn, N. Y. ; that's no joke.
FROM "DADDY- NICE TO DATE. 239
The Reynolds Brothers were a well-known and popular song and dance
team. As early as 1865 as the "Utica Boys" they were with Burgess, Pren-
dergrast, Hughes and Donniker's Minstrels; the year following with Bur-
gess and La Rue's Minstrels.
They joined M. C. Campbell's company in 1867, and subsequently
appeared with Emerson and Manning's ; Emerson's, and Arlington, Cotton
and Kemble's Minstrels ; the latter in 1872. After the death of his brother
Charles, George Reynolds appeared for a short time with Charley Cogill
as Cogill and Reynolds.
Charles Reynolds was born in Utica, N. Y., in 1852; he died in San Fran-
cisco, Cal., January 7, 1878. George Reynolds died in New York City, Alarch
4, 1895-
Tommy Turner (Trainor) was one of the Three Turner Brothers, and well
known as a banjoist.
He was the husband of Lulu Francis, and had been in the profession
about ten years prior to his death, which occurred in Leadville, Colo., May
31, 1879, at the age of 25 years. Mr. Turner was born in New York, Sep-
tember 29, 1854.
Fred Walz, during his comparatively brief career as a vocalist in minstrelsy,
achieved distinction that has often been denied those of more mature years.
His first professional engagement was with Newcomb and Arlington's
Minstrels in 1871. In 1872 he was with Moran and Dixey's Minstrels in
Philadelphia, and subsequently with Frank Moran's Minstrels.
In 1873 he joined Simmons and Slocum's Minstrels for the season, also
in the Quaker City. August 31, 1874, he became a member of Bryant's
Minstrels in New York, and continued with them until the death of Dan
Bryant, April 10, 1875, when he almost immediately joined Emerson's Cali-
fornia Minstrels in Chicago, and continued with them several weeks.
Subsequently he became a member of Carncross and Dixey's, and later
Carncross' Minstrels in Philadelphia, where he remained until his death.
Fred Walz was born in Philadelphia about 1852; he died there Sep-
tember 7, 1884.
James H. Cummings was one of minstrelsy's best dancers. He formed a
partnership with John P. Hogan late in 1871, and played an engagement at
Moran and Dixey's Minstrels in Philadelphia, terminating about February
I, 1872.
Later his partner was W. H. Delehanty, whom he joined August 23,
1875 ; the alliance lasted about fifteen months.
Mr. Cummings subsequently did an act with Harry Orndorf while
with the Emily Soldene Company, where he remained two seasons. He
left the profession for a time, and embarked in business in Indianapolis, Ind.
Mr. Cummings married one of the Stanley Sisters, well known per-
formers of three decades ago. James H. Cummings was born in Rochester,
N. Y. ; he died in San Francisco, February 15, 1889; age 37 years.
Welby and Pearl are not exactly the pioneers of song and dance teams, but
240 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
they have been associated as partners since 1874, which is enough to make
them qualify.
They have been with several first-class organizations, including Al.
G. Field's Minstrels, with whom they were with in 1899; subsequently they
joined Gorton's Minstrels, and continued with them almost to date. Mr.
Pearl, of recent years, was manager of the company.
Jake Welby (Bucher), was born October 13, 1852, at Syracuse, N. Y.
Charles C. Pearl (Fell), was born in West Chester, Pa., December 4,
1858.
Dan Collyer (McAnerny), the well known comedian of Broadway fame,
was one of the Collyer Brothers as early as 1872, doing black-face acts.
Doesn't look it, does he? November 16, 1889, he opened in New York with
"Running Wild," in which he played the wench.
In the stock with Pastor's Company, likewise Harrigan and Hart's, he
essayed many black-face roles ; he also did vaudeville with Add. Ryman —
and there were others, notably Dockstader's Minstrels in New York, De-
cember, 1888. Mr. Collyer was born in Baltimore, Md., March, 1853.
Fr.\nk McNish (Francis Edward McNish), like the good American that
he is, began his theatrical career on July 4, the year, 1873. Garry Doon
shared the honors.
He first appeared professionally April 16, 1877, in Buffalo, N. Y., at the
Adelphi.
August 21, 1878, he joined Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West's Min-
strels, continuing with them until February 21, 1879. Mr. McNish later
formed an alliance with the Leland Sisters, and played variety engagements
with much success for about three years, after which he joined Thatcher,
Primrose and West's Minstrels, August 3, 1882, and was a feature with
them for three years.
Mr. McNish was now ripe for stellar honors, and accordingly on July
30, 1885, the first performance of McNish, Johnson and Slavin's Minstrels
was given in Paterson, N. J. ; the organization continued three years^ after
which McNish, Ramza and Arno's Minstrels did appear — and disappear.
Mr. McNish was with Al. G. Field's Minstrels in 1892, and with Hi
Henry in 1895 — and there were others.
Also did he "star" in "An Actor's Romance" or "An Actor's Holiday,"
The author forgets which ; however, the tour was neither a romance nor a
holiday.
January 4, 18S7, Meriden, Conn., had the honor of being the first city
of witnessing Mr. McNish's appearance as an end man.
Most everybody knows that Frank McNish was the originator of the
Silence and Fun specialty that made him famous, and which has been exten-
sively copied by other performers. In addition to being a good dancer, he
is also a good singer; originally a plumber, Mr. McNish always has his pipes
in good working order.
An early partner was Edward Gildea; the latest were Joe. Penfield and
Frank McNish, Jr.
Frank McNish was born in Camden, N. Y., December 14, 1853.
BILLY LYONS
FRED. MALCOLM
CHAS. HEYWOOD
JUSTIN ROBINSON
THE GREAT "EUGENE"
ERNEST LINDEN
LINCOLN ELLWOOD
BURT. SHEPARD
PAUL VERNON
FAMED FAVORITES WHO FEATURED FEMININE FANCIES-
SECOND EDITION.
242 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Gus Mills achieved considerable popularity as a female impersonator with
Simmons, Slocum's and Sweatnam's Minstrels in Philadelphia; Docksta-
der's in New York, as well as Emerson's and other well known organiza-
tions; he died in Chicago, 111., October 6, 1903; age about 55 years.
Johnny Mack entered the profession at an early age. He had as partners
at various times Johnny Gardner, Billy Conway and Lew Dockstader.
With the latter he played with Whitmore and Clark's Minstrels in 1874, as
Mack and Clapp.
He died at Hoosick Falls, N. Y., February 28, 1891 ; age 38 years.
Willie (Wm. H.) Guy was the first of the Guy boys to enter minstrelsy,
making his initial appearance with Hooley in Brooklyn, N. Y., about 1863;
the following year he was with M. C. Campbell's Minstrels in New York.
Subsequently he joined his brother George, and as George and Willie
Guy became quite popular at Hooley 's Minstrels in Brooklyn, where they
remained for a considerable time.
The next few years he was with the minstrel organization of Kelly and
Leon ; Moore and Burgess, Harry Robinson's, Welch, Hughes and White ;
Smith and Taylor's, and George Christy's.
In 1874 he became a member of Guy Brother's Minstrels, and as such
continued practically until his death. Mr. Guy ranked high as a song and
dance performer and comedian.
Willie Guy was born in Hartford, Conn., October 16, 1853 ; he died in
Springfield, Mass., February 26, 1906.
Richard Golden (Frank Golden), whose fame as "Old Jed Prouty" will
long live, did a black-face song and dance with Lew Davis (later Chace and
Davis), in the late 6o's; he was also with Sharpley's Minstrels.
Mr. Golden was born in Bangor, Me., February 6, 1853; he died in
Brooklyn, N. Y., August 10, 1909.
Harry M. Morse. It would be a difificult matter to say ofif-hand whether this
gentleman is best known as a minstrel or as a delineator of "rube" charact-
ers ; in the one he has been associated with several famous organizations ; in
the other he is as readily recalled by several well remembered characteriza-
tions.
He first appeared professionally with Rice's "Evangeline" in 1877,
where his splendid bass voice was used as a member of a quartette.
In 1881 he played his initial minstrel engagement with the Haverly
Mastodons ; the following year with the new Mastodons saw his first appear-
ance as "middle man."
In 1883 he was with Sam Hague's Minstrels, under the Haverly man-
agement. Thatcher, PrimrosQ, and West's Minstrels had him for a member
in 1884, and the following season he was with the inaugural performance of
McNish, Johnson and Slavin's Minstrels, and remained with them until the
dissolution of the company at Washington, D. C, May 19, 1888.
Right here Mr. Morse's inherent Yankeeism asserted itself; carefully
sealing up his box of cork, he placed it in storage, and went in for "rube"
Characters exclusively.
FROM 'DADDV RICE TO DATE. 243
From 1888 to 1892 he played Zeb in "Old Jed Prouty"; Mr. Morse was
great in this character ; so was the wig.
"Rush City"; Pete Dailey's "Country Sport": Joe Hart's "Gay Old
Boy" and four years as the Giant in "Jack, the Giant Killer," followed ; a
return to "Old Jed Prouty" and Mr. Morse began to repent.
Primrose's Minstrels, Dockstader's Minstrels and Cohan and Harris'
Minstrels, the latter in 1908, followed the repentance.
Now Mr. Morse is showing his "rube" to vaudeville lovers — and they
seem to like it.
Taken all in all, Putnam, Conn., may well feel proud of its distinguished
citizen.
Harry M. Morse was born in Woodstock, Conn., August 4, 1853.
Frank Cushman (Peter Clishman) was one of the very best singing come-
diens of minstrelsy ; he possessed a peculiar voice, and could reach high C
with ease.
At the outset of his career he gave impersonations of the old colored
man, which ever after he made a feature of his repertoire; in these delinea-
tions he was exceptionally clever.
He made his first appearance with Professor John Hammond's Com-
pany at Havre de Grace, Md., in 1874 ; subsequently he joined Tommy Jef.-
ferson's company, where his success was pronounced.
After this he went to the Odeon Theatre in Baltimore, remaining a
year ; likewise he played stock engagements at th.e Grand Central Theatre,
Philadelphia, and other houses. His first prominent minstrel engagement
was with Carncross and Dixey, in Philadelphia.
October 21, 1878, made his appearance at the Adelphi Theatre, Chi-
cago, as a member of Haverly's original Mastodons. He went to England
with Haverly, opening in London, July 31, 1880; he continued under this
management for a considerable period.
About 1882 he formed an alliance with the "Only Leon," playing star
engagements in the variety houses and minstrel companies ; during this
period they made a trip to Australia, where they played several months ; they
separated in the Spring of 1887.
In the fall of that 3'ear he became a member of Sweatriam. Rice and
Pagan's Minstrels ; he was likewise with Primrose and West's ; Cleveland's,
and Al. G. Field's Minstrels.
In the fall of 1889 with Ned Thomas he organized the Cushman and
Thomas Minstrels.
Mr. Cushman created the black-face part in the production of "Natural
Gas"; and in 1898 he was with the last minstrel show Jack Haverly ever put
out. He was married to the widow of Billy Welch about 1888, and they
lived very happily together.
His last appearance was at Lexington, Ky., a few days before his death.
Frank Cushman was born in Baltimore, Md., March 11, 1853: he died
in Louisville, Ky., December 19, 1907.
Edwin French (Adam Kunz) was one of the great banjoists of minstrelsy.
He made his first appearance in St. Louis, Mo., as Master Eddie with
Morris and Wilson's Minstrels.
244 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
He next appeared with Green's "Mocking Bird" Minstrels, and in 1867
was with Sam Sharpley's Company.
Subsequently he played a long engagement with Birch, Wambold and
Backus in New York City.
He was also with Carncross in Philadelphia; Moore and Burgess in
London, England, and Dockstader in New York. In 1882 he was with
Leavitfs Giganteans; and likewise played an important engagement with
Haverly's Minstrels.
Edwin French was born in Cleveland, Ohio, January 31, 1853; he died
at Saranac Lake, N. Y., September 16, 1903.
Burt. Haverly (Geo. Burton Oliver), the favorite minstrel and farceur,
began in Boston at an early age with a minstrel company headed by the late
Andy Leavitt ; Mr. Haverly's vocal offering on this occasion was — "And
His Feet Hung Out the Door."
In 1881 he was with Billy Emerson in San Francisco, a place where
Haverly loved above all others ; in this city he was highly though of, per-
sonally and as a performer.
It was in 1879 that he attained his first prominence as a member of
Hooley and Emerson's "Megatherian" Minstrels.
In the middle and late 8o's he was with McNish, Johnson and Slavin's,
and Johnson and Slavin's Minstrels.
Shortly after leaving the last company, he went into white-face with the
"City Directory" ; subsequently, with Laura Biggar, he was co-star in "A Trip to
Chinatown," for several seasons.
Mr. Haverly married Miss Nellie Carter, in San Jose, Cal., February
21, 1882.
In New York, on March 21, 1901, he married Mme. D'owling.
Burt. Haverly was born in Saccarappa, Me., August 12, 1853; he died
in San Francisco, Cal., October 31, 1908.
H.wvKiNS .-XND Collins. This great black-face singing act made their first
joint appearance at the Garden Theatre in Chicago, 111., in the Fall of 1882.
They played successful minstrel engagements with Carncross' in Phila-
delphia; Thatcher, Primrose and West's; Haverly's and Hyde and Bell-
man's Company, as well as several first-class specialty organizations.
They continued as a team until the death of Ben Collins.
Lew Hawkins made his first professional appearance as a jig dancer
in the A\'inter Garden, Chicago, 111., in 1873; he worked in white-face, his
weekly stipend was $6.00 ; he gets more now.
He went to San Francisco from Chicago, played all the variety houses
on the w-ay back three years later, and opened with Ed. Hodson, again in
Chicago, at the Coliseum, where they did a Dutch act ; a year later he sep-
arated from Hodson and joined J. W. Kelly, who afterwards won fame as
the "Rolling Mill Man"; Mr. Hawkins' claims, and he undoubtedly is cor-
rect when he asserts that he first brought Kelly before the public as a pro-
fessional entertainer; this was in August, 1878, at the Cosmopolitan (pres-
ent Olympic) Theatre in Chicago; they separated in 1882, and Mr. Haw-
kins joined Collins.
Since the death of the latter. Lew Hawkins has worked alone doing a
"COOL" WHITE "COOL" BURGESS
A PAIR OF "COOL" PROPOSITIONS.
"ADD." RYMAN "ADD." WEAVER
NQT A CASE OF ADDITION.
FRANK WILD JOHN WILD
WILD, BUT NOT DANGEROUS.
246 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
black-face monologue and singing act ; he is known as the "Chesterfield of
Minstrelsy."
Lew Hawkins was born in Hudson, Mich., August 20, 1853.
Ben Collins was born in Chicago, 111.; he died in Boston, Mass., March
20, 1890; age 31 years.
Wm. H. West (Flynn), famous as a great clog dancer and producer, and for
many years associated with George H. Primrose in their many minstrel
organizations, made his first appearance in a variety theatre in Bufl^alo, N.
Y., August 20, 1870; the following year he joined Skiff and Gaylord's Min-
strels, where he made the acquaintance of George H. Primrose, and shortly
after this they made their first joint appearance, playing variety theatres, and
continuing with Mr. Primrose for many years.
November 20, 1874, he joined Haverly's Minstrels, and remained with
them until June 14, 1877.
On Aug. 20, same year, with his partner. Milt. G. Barlow and George
Wilson, they gave the first performance of Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and
West's Minstrels; the last in the Summer of 1882.
That same year Mr. West, Mr. Primrose and George Thatcher, organ-
ized Thatcher, Primrose and West's Minstrels ; they gave their final per-
formance in the Summer of 1889.
From 1889 until April 30, 1898, Primrose and West's Minstrels took the
mad; the last season (1897), Mr. West headed his own company, Mr. Prim-
rose another.
In the Summer of 1898, William H. \\'est's Big Jubilee Minstrels gave
their first performance, and he continued with his company until within a
few months of his death. • ;■
Mr. West was thrice married ; his first wife was Fay Templeton, the
well-known actress whom he married about 1883 ; they separated soon after.
His second wife was Miss Lizette Morris, of Philadelphia, a daughter of our
former Minister to. Turkey ; on October 27, 1892, he married Miss Emma
Hanley, the well-known actress of light opera fame.
Mr. West sat in the middle with his various companies, his st3de of
interlocutor being different from any of his predecessors.
William H. West was born in Syracuse, N. Y., June 18, 1853 ; he died
in Chicago, III., February 15, 1902.
Emerson and Clark were a favorite song: and' da;i|C)a».-t-^^|fcof the middle
70's; they appdaVerf''"iti- the well-kh&Wft varie'ty houseg, and in 1877 they
played an engagement with Cal. Wagner's Minstrels ; in the fall of the same
year they associated themselves with the Daly Brothers, Tom and Bill.
The four took a European tour and later were with Hooley and Emerson's
Jvlegatherian Minstrels, in 1879.
Mr. Emerson married Julia Emmonds, and as Emerson fed Emmonds
they played the variety houses; in the course of time the act received an
addition, and as Emerson, Emmonds and Emerson they wePe ;v^ll known.
Mr. Emerson also did a black-face specialty with James Cook, of the
present team of Cook and Lorenz ; this was with Barlow, Wilson and Ran-
kin's Minstrels about 1885.
FROM "DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 247
After their separation, Mr. Clark published "Willis Clark's Joke Book,"
which met with indifferent success.
Mort. Emerson was born in Philadelphia, November 27, 1853.
Willis Clark died (suicide) in New York City, December 23, 1899; age
42 years.
The D,\ly Bros. Tom Daly's early partner was Bob Birdue ; they played an
engagement at the Howard Athenaeum in Boston, where they met with pro-
nounced success ; subsequently he was joined by his brother Bill.
In April, 1871, as Master Willie and Tommy, they did their specialties
with Newcomb and Arlington's Minstrels in New York City; season of 1875
they played Carncross and Dixey's Minstrels in Philadelphia ; the next year
they were with Haverly, and after the conclusion of that engagement the
brothers joined Emerson and Clark, and the four were known as the King
High Kickers.
The Dalys were brothers of the lamented Dan Daly ; and Tom Daly's
second wife was Lizzie Derious, the well-known soubrette, now Mrs. Sam
Tuck.
Tom Daly was a man of exemplary habits ; his death was the result of
a brutal assault received in Chicago a few years previous to it.
Bill Daly, or "Cap. Bill" as he is best known, has not appeared profes-
sionally in several years.
Tom Daly was born at Bathurst, N. B., in 1855 ; he died at Somerville,
Mass., July 20, 1892.
ORIGIN.AL RIG FOUR — LESTER-ALLEN-SMITH-WALDRON.
Billy Lester (Albert Manasse) made his first appearance as a clog dancer
with Sam Colville's Variety Company, at the age of 13.
His first partner was John Turner, and as Turner and Lester they
played the principal variety houses, also an engagement with Simmons and
Slocum's Minstrels in Philadelphia, in 1874.
About October i, 1875, he formed a partnership with Paul Allen, and
in the fall of 1876 the team consolidated with Smith and Waldron ; this was
the original Big 4.
February 28, 1878, saw the first performance of Billy Emerson's and
the Big 4 Minstrels ; which continued several months ; Lester and Allen
joined Tierney and Cronin, and were known as the 4 Aces ; this, however,
was not the original act of that title.
About 1884 Lester and Allen's Minstrels took the road, and continued
as an organization for three years.
Shortly after this they appeared in "A Plug Hat"; later Mr. Lester
separated from Mr. Allen.
Mr. Lester's first wife was Viola Clifton, whom he married in 1876.
November 24, 1887, he became the husband of Annie Hart.
Billy Lester was born in London, England; he died at Fair Haven;
N. J., July II, 1893; age 40 years.
Paul Allen (Kayser) joined Billy Lester in 1875, and while the major por-
tion of his professional career was identified with Lester's, it was not entirely
so.
248 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
In 1880, with Dan Waldron, William Smith and Master Martin the Big
4 Minstrels were on the road.
After separating from Mr. Lester, he did a black-face monologue, and
as "Mayor of the Ohio River" met with unqualified success.
Mr. Allen married Louise Montague (Laura Keene Stewart) at Sai:
Francisco, in 1877.
Paul Allen was born in Baltimore, Md. ; he died in New York City,
February 2t„ 1896; age 43 years.
William Smith associated himself with Dan Waldron in the middle 70's,
doing black-face songs and dances. In 1876 Smith and Waldron joined Les-
ter and Allen, and were associated about three years.
In 1879 the Big 4 consisted of Smith, Waldron, Morton and Martin,
and a year later it was Smith, Allen, Morton and Martin.
In 1898 with Haverly's Minstrels, the Big 4 was Smith, Waldron, Daly
and Martin ; and at the time of his (Smith's) death, it was Smith, Waldron,
Peasley and Martin.
Mr. Smith was the brother of Helene Smith, the beautiful danseuse of
a generation ago.
William Smith died (suicide) in New York City, April 16, 1900.
D.-^N Waldron (McQuinny), the last of the original Big Four, joined Will-
iam Smith in a black-face song and dance act about 1875, and continued a
member of the various combinations of "Big 4's" longer than any of his
associates.
After severing relations with them he appeared with many prominent
minstrel companies, notably George Thatcher's, and Haverly's (Nankeville's)
Minstrels.
Dan Waldron was born in New York City; he died April i, 1905, at Wash-
ington, D. C. ; age 47 years.
They tell this one about the famous Billy Manning — Manning's Com-
pany and that of Dan Bryant met on one occasion on the road ; in the course
of the conversation it turned out that Bryant's Company was to follow Man-
ning's in at a certain town ; Dan Bryant requested Manning to "announce"
the coming of his (Bryant's) troupe; which of course, Manning promised
to do.
About ten days later the minstrels met again, and Manning informed
Bryant that he (Manning), had played the previous evening in the town
already referred to.
Did you "announce" me said Dan? I was just going to, said Manning,
when the fellow got up and went out.
Billy Bryant (Wm. Thos. Hanson). Who among theatre-goers of twenty
years ago who recall Bryant & Richmond in the act "Imprisoned," cannot
see Billy Bryant as he carefully felt the topmost portion of his anatomy,
ruefully exclaiming — "O ! my coco." That was comedy.
Bryant's career began in 1868 with the Walter Bray Company, where
he joined hands with Arthur Hegeney, under the team name of Hanson and
Hegeney. It was Bray that suggested a change, and forthwith Hanson
became Bryant, in honor of Dan Bryant, and Hegeney was thereafter known
0\
O
Pi
M
Pi
W
Q
<
H
O
Q
250 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
as Williams, after the famous Barney Williams, whose early days were spent
in minstrelsy.
Bryant and Williams played the best variety houses in the country until
1876, when he married Lizzie Richmond, and as Bryant & Richmond they
gave "Imprisoned" for many years; afterwards they produced "Keep it
Dark" ; for seven seasons they played it with much success.
Alice Hanson, an unusually clever and vivacious soubrette, is his
daughter.
Billy Bryant was born in Plattville, Wis., October 12, 1853 ; he died at
Chicago, 111., July 22, 1902.
Bob Slavin was one of the most brilliant comedians in the minstrel firma-
ment ; a natural wit : a great entertainer.
About 1874 he did a specialty with George Nelson; and a year or so
later he doubled with "Buck" Sheffer ; the partnership continued about two
years. Subsequently he appeared with .unqualified success with Haverly's,
the San Franciscos, and Emerson's, in Sanljlrancisco.
In July, 1885, at Paterson, JN. -;J., Mc^Nish, Johnson and Slavin's Min-
strels, gave their first performance :- they continued as an organization for
three seasons; Mr. McXish retiring, Johnson and Slavin's Minstrels took
the road: the partnership dissolved in June, 1889.
July 17,. 1890, Mr. Slavin opened for a liaiitted .engagement with Wm.
Henry Rice's World's Fair Minstrels, and closed September 2, at Elmira,
N. Y., September 10, he opened with the Howard Athenaeum Company in
Troy, N. Y., doing his specialty in white-face; sad to say, this engagement
lasted only about-a- rnotith.
Mr. Slavin subsequently appeared with the May Russell Burlesque
Company. On November 19, 1892, he began an engagement with Crawford
Brother's Minstfels in South Bend. Ind. ; \Mr. Slavin made his last appear-
ance with this company about Christmas, the same year,- at Toledo, Ohio.
Mr. Slavin married Agnes- Louise Laurence, a non-professional, in 1878.
Bob. Slavin was born in- Baltimore, Md., November 28, 1853 ; he died in
Toledo, Ohio, December 29, 1892.
WiLLi.\M J. Carroll, known as a first-class banjoist and negro impersonator,
came to this country at a very early age, and began his professional career
while yet in his teens ; in 1873 he joined William Harris, and as Harris and
Carroll remained with him until 1879; they played various variety engage-
ments. December 20, 1880, he joined Thatcher and Ryman's Minstrels at the
Arch Street Opera House, Philadelphia, doing his specialty, and sitting on the
end, opposite George Thatcher; he remained all season. Subsequently he
was with Primrose and West, and other organizations.
William Carroll was born in Ireland about 1853 ; he died in Chelsea,
Mass., January 25, 1896.
John F. Fields made his first appearance with the San Francisco Minstrels
in New York City, D'ecep-iber, 1865, as a boy vocalist. It was in August,
1874, that his professional career began when he formed a partnership with
Fred Sharpley, who died in 1879.
His next partner was William F. Hoey, later known as "Old Hoss," the
FROM "DADDY- RICE TO DATE. 251
team name being Fields and Hoey, doing a black-face musical act. Mr.
Fields played an engagement with Cal. \\'agner's Minstrels while a member
of this alliance. In 1878 he formed a partnership with Frank Hanson. As
the straight man in these acts, Mr. Fields excels, and after thirty-six years
we find him as good as ever.
At the termination of his partnership with Mr. Hanson in 1885, Mr.
Fields' took another partner, the team name of Fields & Hanson was retained
and is still a valuable trade-mark. Since 1885 "Fields and Hanson" have
been with Haverley's Minstrels; Cleveland's Minstrels, Gus. Hill, Hyde's
Comedians and Reilly & Woods Company ; and for five years he had on tour
Fields & Hanson's Drawing Cards.
Mr. Fields and his present partner are now in vaudeville.
Jno. F. Fields was born in Newark, N. J., October 17, 1853.
Frank Hanson worked a year with a performer named Billy Phillips, but
only as amateurs. He left Phillips in 1877, and joined a party by the name
of Smith, with whom he worked several months, making their first appear-
ance at the Pioylston Museum. Then came Hanson and Rich, and a short
time after, the famous team of Fields and Hanson was formed in 187S.
In 1SS5 after the team broke up, Mr. Hanson went in the hotel busi-
ness in F>oston, in which he has been ever since.
Frank Hanson was born at Ossipee, N. H., March 13, i860.
Fields and Hanson joined hands in 1878, playing variety engagements for
that season. Seasons of 1S79-1880, 1880-81, were spent with Barlow, Wilson,
Primrose and West, followed by seasons with Leavitt's All Star Specialty
Company, and Barry and Fay's organization. In 1S83 they began an en-
gagement with the Howard Athenaeum Company, at the conclusion of which
they played a season of sixteen weeks in the larger cities of Europe ; return-
ing to the United States, they began their last season as a team, with the
Howard Athenaeum Company, at the conclusion of which in 1885, they sep-
arated.
Manchester and Jennings worked harmoniously as a team for eighteen
years, during which period they were associated with some of the best min-
strel organizations traveling. As a black-face comedy act they were among
the leaders.
Their first joint appearance was in 1870. About 1874 they joined
Washburn's Last Sensation, remaining two seasons.
September 27. 1875, they made their first appearance with Hooley, Hav-
erly and Maguire's Minstrels in Chicago.
Subsequently they were members of Kelly and Leon's Company, and
then — and then — unable to wait another day — they launched forth Man-
chester and Jenning's Minstrels in the Spring of 1878. Without going into
details, it may be said that the season was a backward one that year.
The partnership lasted until the death of Johnny Jennings.
Bobby Manchester made his debut on the stage in 1865 with New-
comb's Minstrels. September 24, 1886. he gave the first performance of
his "Night Owls" Burlesque Company: since which date he has been promi-
nently identified with the burlesque world.
252 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Johnny Jennings was an exceptionally clever dancer ; he made his first
appearance in his native city at old Farrar Hall about 1864. About a year
later he joined Morris Brothers, Pell and Trowbridge's Minstrels in Erie,
and subsequently appeared with them in their Boston theatre. He con-
tinued with this company for an extended period, part of which time as Col-
lins, Queen and Jennings, they did an act called the "Alabama Triplets."
Mr. Jennings is reputed to have been the original skate dancer, in which
he was marvelously adept.
Bob Manchester (Aaron Mills), was born in Gloversville, N. Y., July 2,
1853-
John Jennings was born in Erie, Pa., about 1857; he died there, Novem-
ber 7, iJ
George F. Campbell was one of the original members of the Clipper Quar-
tette, who made their first appearance at Tony Pastor's Theatre in New
York, in 1879.
Subsequently he separated from his partners, and organized a Clipper
Quartette of his own.
Several years ago Mr. Campbell retired from theatricals, and entered
the mercantile business, in which he is now engaged.
George F. Campbell was born in Baltimore, Md., March 6, 1853.
Fred Ruber was a well-known black-face performer more than thirty years
ago. In 1878 Huber and "Boots" Allen did a black-face musical act; 1879;
Ruber and Glidden were known as the "Oyster Can Mokes" ; subsequently
he married Kitty Allyne, and for many years Huber and Allyne played the
principal variety houses. About seven years ago he formed a partnership
with John King while with the William H. West's (Ricaby's) Minstrels.
Mr. Ruber was also well-known as an excellent "bones" manipulator.
Re was several years with Gus Hill in an executive capacity.
Fred Huber was born in St. Louis, Mo. ; he died in New York City,
April 3, 1904; age 50 years.
Fred Oakland (Wright) had the distinction of being one of the leading
tenors of minstrelsy about twenty years ago. He had a remarkably fine
cultivated voice which he used mostly in concert work until about 1878,
•when he left England for South Africa, where he played leading tenor roles
with the Victoria Loftus Troupe and other organizations, visiting Ceylon,
India and other countries.
About 1883 he came to the United States, and joined Thatcher, Prim-
rose and West's Minstrels, remaining several seasons ; subsequently he
became a member of Primrose and West's Minstrels, and while with this
company he formed the acquaintance of William H. Thompson, with whom
he joined George Thatcher's "Tuxedo" Company.
With Mr. Thompson he went to England in January, 1895 ; they re-
mained four years ; the partnership was then dissolved.
Mr. Oakland married a Miss Stratton, of Swampscott, Mass., in Decem-
ber, 1887.
Fred Oakland was born in London, England; he died there October 5,
1900; age 46 years.
J, c— llAKKi.\(.li».\ & JOHNSON— ARTHUR
TAS.— CONNORS & KELLY— JAS.
(Portraits reversed)
ED.— KELLY & O'BRIEN— JOHN
C. W.— COGILL & COOPER— FRED
254 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Charles Queen (Kane) was one of the best clog dancers in minstrelsy.
January/26, 1882, a't Montreal, Can., he performed for the first time in public
on a pedestal fifteen inches square and six feet high, on which he turned
somersaults and flip flops; this was while a member of Haverly's Minstrels.
He was born in St. Louis, in 1854; he died in Kansas City, Mo., June
29, 1886. ,
The Diamond Brothers were well-known as clever song and dance per-
formers.
They generally played joint engagements, and at various times had
been with such well-known minstrel companies as McNish, Johnson and
Slavin's, Primrose and West's, Haverly's, Big Four, Gorton's, Hi Henry's,
and Al. G. Field's ; with the latter organization they had been associated sev-
eral seasons. A few years prior to their deaths they headed their own
organization.
Matt. Diamond died at New Castle, Pa., June 14, 1907: age 53 years.
Lawrence Diamond died at New Castle, Pa., December 15, 1906; age 42
years.
Charley Young began young, and is still young. His career commenced
at the Palace Varieties, Cincinnati, about 1865, as Call Boy, remaining two
years. Being a natural born dancer, he took the place of Johnny Collins
when the illness of the latter prevented him from appearing in the Chal-
lenge Dance, a feature of most variety and minstrel shows of the early days.
In 1868 he doubled with Billy Reed, and played variety houses for two
years ; after which he worked single for some time.
In 1875 Tony Pastor sent him to Albany for five nights ; he remained
two years, which was much better than going for two years, and remaining
but five nights. Mr. Young was so pleased with this two-year engagement
that he 'went to Heuck's in Cincinnati, and played there two years. Then
came a spell of traveling and a season at Leadville, Colo.
In 1880 he formed a partnership with Sage Richardson, and shortly
afterwards they joined Cal. Wagner's Minstrels.
Subsequent minstrel engagements were with Billy Rice and Hooley's ;
Mclntyre and Heath's, and J. H. Haverly's ; remaining three years with the
latter.
Other companies were Murray and Murphy, seven years ; a four-year
starring tour in "A Soap Bubble" ; four seasons with Bobby Gaylor ; in con-
junction with Charles A. Mason, one season with Gus Hill's New York
Stars; and a season each with Nellie McHenry ; Edna May; and Ward and
Vokes. Mr. Young then starred four seasons in melodrama under the man-
agement of Percy G. Williams.
Charles Young was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, July 3, 1854.
Billy Conway (Marble) the well-known comedian, first appeared profes-
sionally about 1871, with Mart. Healy, known as Healy and Conway; this
was in his native city ; he was with \\'hitmore and Clark's ]\Iinstre!s several
seasons, where he joined the late Johnny Mack; afterwards Healy, Saunders
(Ella) and Conway formed an alliance; subsequently he rejoined Mack,
and they went with I. W. Baird's Minstrels, where they remained about
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FROM "DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 255
eight seasons. He separated from Mack about three years before his (Con-
way's death), and appeared with Mclntyre and Heath's; Dockstader's, and
Wilson's Minstrels.
Mr. Conway was one of the Four Invincibles — Conway, Mack, Gard-
ner and Clark.
His last appearance was in New Haven, Conn., February 29, 1892.
Billy Conway was born in Hartford, Conn. ; he died in Boston, Mass.,
March 8, 1892; age 38 years.
McINTYRE and HEATH
are beyond all question the greatest duo of black-face delineators of the real
Southern darky that the stage ever has or ever will know.
They give an absolutely faithful portrayal of the black man as he really
exists.
Mr. Mclntyre as a pessimistic coon, and Mr. Heath as the colored gem-
men with pronounced optimistic ideas of life, are excruciatingly funny in
everything they do; but as the "Georgia Minstrels" their talents probably
appear to the greatest advantage.
Mclntyre and Heath joined hands in San Antonio, Te.xas, in the Spring
of 1874, at the Vaudeville Theatre. They played many variety and circus
engagements until the fall of 1878, when they organized Mclntyre and
Heath's Minstrels. A year later they made their first New York appear-
ance at Tony Pastor's Theatre ; their success was instantaneous and pro-
nounced.
In the Fall of 1880 they engaged with the Alice Gates Company, play-
ing "Long Branch."
In the Fall of 1881 they again headed their own minstrel organization,
and the following season Mclntyre and Heath's Specialty Company took
the road.
In 1883 they were under the management of Hyde and Behman, and
the following season headed their own company under the direction of Prim-
rose and West. In 1886, Spencer, Mclntyre and Heath's Minstrels toured.
Their next important minstrel engagement was with Lew Dockstader's
Company in 1891. Subsequently they played extended engagements with
Hyde & Behman's Company, and Weber and Fields' organization.
It was with the latter company that their famous "Georgia Minstrels"
was first produced at the Gayety Theatre, Brooklyn, N. Y., in August, 1894.
Mclntyre and Heath played vaudeville until 1906. when they starred in
the "Ham Tree," a big musical production written around the talents of
these famous funsters. They continued with that play for three seasons.
In 1909 they appeared with "In Hayti," another pretentious musical oiTer-
ing, in which they, of course, played black-face parts.
James Mclntyre began his professional career at Chicago in the Fall
of 1868, at Pete Kerwin's. doing a song and dance in black-face ; this par-
ticular song was called "My Name Was Little Ned."
The following year he went with Katie Putnam's Company, where he
played Willie in "East Lynne," and did a double clog with Peter Lester it is
now, but at that time, Peter Johnson. Mclntyre and Johnson played en-
256 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
gagements with McKenzie's Circus and Burton and Ridgway's Minstrels
and a return to Katie Putnam's Company.
The Minstrels closed at Indianapolis, Ind., in the Winter of 1871, and
Mr. Mclntyre met Billy Fleming, and they decided to become pedestrians;
they "pedestered" from Indianapolis to Terre Haute, giving performances
at the various school houses en route.
Evansville, Ind., was the next objective point, after which Mr. Fleming
became enamoured with Mr. Mclntyre's professional attire, and without
permission from the latter young man, took them for his own.
* * * Mr. Mclntyre's next engagement was in a livery stable in
Henderson, Ky., where he remained two months, during which time he
organized an amateur minstrel company from local talent available ; they
played four nights, the receipts of which were donated to Mclntyre to get
him a new wardrobe, and a ticket to Louisville.
Several of Henderson, Ky's. most prominent future citizens blacked up
in that memorable year of 1871, among whom were Jefif. Davis, Harry Gilli-
gan, Newton Shaw, John Reichert, Jr., and "Killis" Callender ; and when
thirty-seven years later Mclntyre and Heath returned to play an engage-
ment in the thrifty Blue Grass City, many of those "minstrels of '71" responded
to Mr. Mclntyre's invitation to a banquet, and pleasant recollections were
recalled.
Mr. Mclntyre subsequently formed a partnership with Mike Butler,
and as Mclntyre and Butler worked for several months; subsequently Wil-
liam Carroll, (afterwards one of the Miaco Brothers), and Mr. Mclntyre were
partners.
In the Spring of 1874 he again joined Butler and continued with him
until he met Mr. Heath.
Thomas K. Heath first "acted" at Mr. Kit Burns' Theatorium in New
York City, 1867; the salary was $12 per week, most of which has been
invested in real estate at Deer Park, Long Island.
Mr. Heath then learned the trade of book binder, and continued at it
until he became programmer for Joseph Murphy in "Help"; this was in
1872. That same year he formed a partnership with George Howard, and
as Howard and Heath they did a black-face song and dance act, playing the
many variety theatres, finally landing at San Antonio, Texas, where he
formed a partnership with Mr. Mclntyre.
James Mclntyre was born in Kenosha, Wis., August 8, 1857.
Thomas K. Heath was born in Philadelphia, August 11, 1853.
Al. Decker (Ladd) entered the profession about 1873 ^s partner with
Walter Gibbs.
A few years later he formed an alliance with Charles H. Yale, doing
black-face songs and dances, and pantomimic business. He continued with
Mr. Yale for several seasons, and after the latter branched into the man-
agerial field, he also was with him.
Mr. Decker died at Fall River, Mass., January 24, 1898; age 44 years.
Billy Williams (Carmody) ranked with the best of wench impersonators.
His stage experience began at the age of three years at the Front
Street Theatre, in Baltimore. Later he did acrobatic work in circuses until
EDDIE MAZIER
SAM. LEE
EARL BENHAM
HARRY JOLSON
CLARENCE MARKS ARTHUR GUY
THEY'RE WORKING NOW; THAT'S WHY THEY SMILE.
258 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
1870, when on September 30, that year, he joined Billy Manning's Minstrels
in Chicago.
He remained with Manning for a long period, and then played the
variety houses until 1876, when he formed a partnership with William J.
Sully, and as Williams and Sully did a black-face song and dance act for
eleven years.
Since which time Mr. Williams did mostly dramatic work. Billy
Williams was born in New York, July i, 1854; he died in Elizabeth, N. J.,
July 25, 1910.
Patsy Howard, one of the original "Bay State Boys," made his first appear-
ance as a clog and jig dancer in his native city in 1868, at the old Globe Hall.
September 13, 1869, he organized the above act comprising John Har-
rington, Jimmy Fitzpatrick, Henry Drummond and Patsy Howard, making
their first appearance on that date at the Howard Athenaeum in Boston; they
remained there five weeks, doing clog dances. After that engagement they
played two weeks at Morris Brother's Minstrels in the same city. After
several variety engagements they returned to their native heath and joined
Dougherty, Wild, Barney and Mac's Minstrels. The four disbanded in
1871, Mr. Howard forming a partnership with Harrington, who took the
name of McVickar ; Howard that of Sully ; they were known as McVicker
and Sully until they separated in 1873, after which he formed an alliance
with Billy Sully ; this lasted a year. Mr. Howard then retired from the pro-
fession in 1874, and lived happily ever afterwards.
Patsy Howard was born in Boston, Mass., June 26, 1854.
George Richards, the well-known comedian, for many seasons associated
wHh the late Eugene Canfield, was a member of Emerson's Minstrels about
five years, commencing 1870; he was a regular comic.
Mr. Richards was born in Somerville, Mass., January 3, 1854.
Mackin and Wilson were one of the premier song and dance teams of min-
strelsy during a period when that style of performance had its greatest vogue
many years ago.
Jimmy Mackin and Francis Wilson (then known as Frank "Wilson) were
boys in their 'teens when they formed a partnership that lasted for seven
years; during which time they played engagements with some of the fore-
most minstrel organizations of their day.
Their initial appearance as a team was at the Metropolitan Theatre,
Indianapolis, Ind., August 7, 1871.
July I following, they began a brief engagement with Sam Sharpley's
Minstrels.
Their first New York appearance was at the Comique, commencing
September 16, 1872 ; they reappeared there October 28, following, after
which they opened in Chicago with Arlington, Cotton and Kemble's ]\Iin-
strels, December 2, same year. They remained with the above organization
the balance of the season, and part of the next one, comfriencing August 26,
1873. September 3, 1874, they began a season's engagement with Birch,
Wambold and Backus' famous San Francisco Minstrels in New York, after
which they joined Emerson's ]\Iinstrels, July, 1875.
FROM "DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 259
Later they were with Hooley, Haveriy and Maguire.
They rejoined Emerson's Company in Detroit, September 30, 1875 ;
January 13, 1877, they left Emersun ; and nine days later became members of
Sweatnam and Eraser's Minstrels in Philadelphia.
There Mackin and Wilson decided to head their own organization, and
accordingly on the twenty-first day of May, 1877, Mackin and Wilson, Sutton
and "Bernardo's" Minstrels left Philadelphia to win fame and fortune; they
did neither. The thrilling account of the trials and tribulations of this little
band are best explained in Mr. Wilson's own letter, which will be found
elsewhere in this volume.
The name of the company underwent several changes before its disso-
lution in September, 1877; ^he obsequies were held in Cleveland, Ohio.
Mackin and Wilson next engaged with Neil Bryant's Minstrels in New
York, opening October 8 following; they closed December 8.
Shortly after this they joined Simmons, Slocum and Sweatnam's Min-
strels in Philadelphia, where they remained until the end of the season. May
II, 1878; this was followed by a supplemental tour, after which Mackin and
Wilson separated, each going their respective ways.
James F. Mackin was an exceptionally clever clog dancer and good per-
former, when with Tom Sullivan he joined Harry McCarthy's Minstrels in
Indianapolis, Ind., September 14, 1870. The team was known as Mackin
and Sullivan; they continued with the company until it closed, January 26,
1871.
After separating from Mr. Wilson, he joined the late, John D. Griffin in
New York, doing a black-face song and dance, week of July i, 1878; he con-
tinued with Griffin a few weeks, after which he became a member of Barlow,
Wilson, Primrose and West's I^Hnstrels ; he remained with this company
until 1881.
]\Ir. Mackin played various variety engagements after this until his
death.
Francis Wilson first made the acquaintance of burnt cork in his native city
in the middle 6o's ; Mr. Wilson's parents was not made aware of the acquain-
tance until some time later. It was not all honey, and not all jam in those
days, as Mr. Wilson will Frankly admit (jest").
It was not until October 29, 1868. that he saw his name in print, for it
was on that date that the first performance of the "Amateur Minstrels" at '
the Assembly Buildings in Philadelphia was given ; the entertainment closed
with the "Grand Duchess, 2d." Whether or not Mr. Wilson was the Duchess
on this august occasion, history does not state.
After severing relations with Alackin, Mr. \\'ilson entered the ranks of
the Chestnut Street Theatre Stock Company in Philadelphia, where, on Sep-
tember 9, 1878, he played his first part in white-face ; that of Cdol, in "London
Assurance."
He made rapid strides in his new field of endeavor, and continued as a
member of the stock until February 21, 1880; two days later he joined "Our
Goblins," a musical comedy, playing the role of Octavius Longfellow War-
bler. Subsequently Mr. Wilson purchased an interest in the company, and
played the more important part of Alfred Comstock Silvermine.
26o MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY.
August I, 1881, he began a two weeks' engagement at the Walnut Street
Theatre, Philadelphia, as Moe Jewell, in the "World."
Mr. Wilson afterwards returned to "Our Goblins," and he also played
Templeton Fake with Annie Pixley in "M'liss." His subsequent career
in light opera and other amusements are too well known to require further
mention.
Probably no one man in the annals of theatricals has achieved more in
his chosen profession than Francis Wilson.
When J\Iackin and Wilson dissolved partnership the team were getting
a good salary ; and when Mr. Wilson applied for a small position in the stock
company in Philadelphia he was told he would have to begin all over again;
Mr. Wilson, however, was willing; and the weekly stipend was just about 25
per cent, of what he received as a song and dance performer. But Francis
Wilson had the courage of his convictions, for he never considered his min-
strel and variety days in any other than a school for the talents he later
intended to develop.
Mr. Wilson was always a student ; and when his companions would in-
vite him to participate in their nightly dissipations, he would politely but
firmly refuse ; study was more to his liking.
Francis Wilson is a man of letters ; the author of "Reminiscences of a
Fellow Player," "Recollections of a Player," and the comedy in which he
is now appearing, the "Bachelor's Baby."
Likewise did he write the "Life of Jos. Jefiferson," the "Eugene Field I
Knew," and contributed several short stories to magazines.
He is co-proprietor with Mrs. Wilson (formerly Miss Myra V. Barrie)
of the Misses Adelaide and Frances Wilson.
James F. Mackin was born in Providence, R. L ; he died in Sturgis, Dak.,
May 4, 1883.
Francis B. Wilson was born in Philadelphia, February 7, 1854.
Billy Ginniven, the well known black-face song and dance performer,
worked at various times with John E. Henshaw, Charley Gilday, and his
wife, professionally known as Frankie Lee, whom he married about 1878.
He died in Denver, Colo., January 11, 1879.
Petrie and Fish formed a partnership in 1876, doing a black-face act.
In 1878 they were joined by Connors and Kelly, and as the Original
Pour they met with great success in the United States and Europe. They
subsequently separated, Mr. Petrie doing an act with his wife in tlie variety
houses, billed as Petrie and Elise, in "Passing the Toll Gate."
In 1896 Mr. and Mrs. Petrie, with their two sons, formed the Four Oli-
fans, a grotesque act, which they performed successfully for several sea-
sons. Mr. Petrie married Margaret Cockrell in 1880.
Mr. Fish formed one of the team of Fish and Quigg, a "big and little
act," and was very successful after separating from Mr. Petrie.
William O. Petrie was born in Lockport, 111., in 1855 ; he died in Chi-
cago, 111., May 26, 1901.
Fred C. Fish died in New York, December 8, 1900 ; age 40 years.
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262 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Keating and Sands were one of the earliest and best of black-face musical
acts.
They formed an alliance in the 70's, which practically continued until
Mr. Sands' death.
They were said to be the first act of their kind to visit Europe ; they
played a two years' engagement there with Hague's Minstrels.
Subsequent to the death of Sands, Mr. Keating worked with several
partners, notably Harry Barton, Harry Leopold and Tom Ardell. He was
also of the team of Keating and Harris.
John J. Keating died in Boston, Mass., April 26, 1897; age 43 years.
Edw. Sands (Stanstedt) was born in Boston, Mass.; he died there Feb-
ruary 12, 1887; age 30 years.
Murphy and Morton were equally as well known in black-face special-
ties as they were in white. They made their first appearance about 1874 with
Tony Pastor in New York. They played the principal variety houses, and
were with such well-known minstrel cornpanies as Hooley's ; Thatcher's, in
Philadelphia ; Emerson's, in San Francisco ; Hooley's, in Chicago ; Haverly,
same city, and Carncross, in Philadelphia. About 1880, they jomed forces with
Griffin and Rice, and did a "four" act for about two seasons. All told, Mr. Mur-
phy has spent about twenty years at Carncross', and half that at Dumont's Min-
strels in Philadelphia.
He has been also associated with Alf. Gibson, and produced Murphy and
Gibson's Minstrels in Atlantic City, X. J., for several years past.
John E. Murphy (DeAngelis) was born in Philadelphia, July 26, 1855.
Jos. Morton (McGarvey) was born in Philadelphia; he died there July
17, 1884; age 29 years.
The highest salary ever drawn by any black-face team in the history of
theatricals was paid to Mclntyre and Heath.
The Three Rankins achieved enviable distinction fm- their musical act,
which was one of the best. Originally there were four brothers, Carl, Will,
Rit and Fitch, and they played an engagement with E. M. I-fall's Minstrels,
opening in Chicago, June 29, 1878. In the Fall of the same year Fitch Rankin
retiring, the Three Rankins joined Wagner and Cotton's Minstrels for a short
season.
The following year with Lew Simmons, they organized Simmons and
Rankin's Minstrels, and after the dissolution they re-organized as Three
Rankin's Minstrels, opening at Columbus, Ohio, November 27, 1879, and
closing same date.
December 20, 1880, they joined Kyle's "Christy" Minstrels in Boston for
a brief engagement.
After the death of Rit his place was taken by John Mosure, and as the
"Three Rankins" they played with Leavitt's Giganteans, in 1882. The death
of Will broke up the act, and Carl joined Thatcher, Primrose and West's
Minstrels July 3, 1885. A few weeks after this he left the company to be-
come a partner with George Wilson in his company, which was known as
Barlow, Wilson and Rankin's Minstrels.
FROM "DADDY ■ RICE TO DATE. 263
Carl Rankin's last appearance was with Lew Dockstader's permanent
minstrel company in New York, which he joined in 1887.
Carl Rankin had a supberb bass voice, and as a comedian had developed
into one of the best in minstrelsy. His death was a severe blow to the pro-
fession.
Rit Rankin died in Columbus, Ohio, December 11, 1881.
Will Rankin died in Philadelphia, January 31, 1885: age 30 years.
Carl Rankin was born in Columbus, Ohio, October, 1859; he died in
Philadelphia, November 25, 1888.
Harrigan and Hart formed a partnership in the Spring of 1871. Prior to
this Tony Hart, who was known as Master Anthony Cannon, appeared with vari-
ous minstrel companies as a ballad singer.
February 26, 1872, they began an engagement with Arlington, Cotton
and Kemble's Minstrels in Chicago. In later years they each played in black-
face on several occasions, notably Mr. Harrigan as "Pete." Mr. Hart was
probably the best "genteel wench" that ever trod the boards.
Edw. Harrigan was born in New York, October 26, 1845.
Tony Hart (Anthony Cannon) was born in \Vorcester, Mass., July 25,
1855; he died there November 4, 1891.
George Robert Guy, the senior member of the famous Guy Family, blacked
his face for the first time in 1863, and has been successfully following his
profession ever since ; and is now fairly in sight of the half-century mark
as a minstrel performer. This is a record that is probably unique in the
annals of minstrelsy ; more than forty-seven years continuously and exclu-
sively as a black-face performer ; and the end is not in sight, for those who
know, declare George Guy is as alert and active as any performer of half his
years.
Mr. Guy's first appearance was in New York in 1863, dressed as a little
clown ; the following week at Newark, N. J., he blacked his face for the first
time.
About two years later, with his brother Willie, they joined Hooley's
Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y., remaining several months, subsequently play-
ing an engagement with Geo. Christy's in New York.
October i, 1866, they were at the opening performance of Kelly and
Leon's Alinstrels in New York, where Mr. Guy and his brother soon after
produced for the first time on any stage, Mr. Guy claims, a "boy and girl"
duet, portraits of which may be seen elsewhere. Mr. Guy continued with
Kelly and Leon for several years, and in the Summer of 1869 went to Eng-
land with Smith and Taylor's ]\Iinstrels, and later appeared with Moore and
Burgess' Company in London. About 1870 he joined Harry Robinson's
Minstrels, and some months later was with Welch, Hughes and White in
Brooklyn, N. Y.
Next came the organization of the Guy Bros. Minstrels ; subsequently
the Guy Family in concerts, after which the Guv Bros. Minstrels were re-
or'::;-anized, and J\lr. Guy has been continuously identified with that company
for more than thirty-five years. For several seasons past he has been sole
proprietor and manager. Truly George Guy is a monument to the profes-
sion he so befittingly represents.
George R. Guy was born in Hartford, Conn., October 7, 1855.
264 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
THE FROHMANS IN MINSTRELSY.
Gus Frohman was manager of Callender's Colored Minstrels in 1874, early
in 1882 he was one of the proprietors. He was born in Sandusky, Ohio,
about 1855.
Daniel Frohman became advance agent for Callender's Colored Minstrels
in 1874 ; subsequently he was with Haverly in an executive ability. Mr.
Frohman was born in Sandusky, Ohio, about 1850.
Charles Frohman, one of the world's foremost theatrical managers, was
treasurer for Haverly's Mastodon Minstrels at their inception in Chicago,
October 21, 1878. In 1880 he went to Europe with them, and while there,
December 25, 1880, the members of the company, to show the high esteem
in which they held their treasurer, presented him with a handsome gold
watch, chain and locket suitably engraved.
Mr. Frohman subsequently became manager of the company and con-
tinued with Haverly until January, 1882, when he left, and in conjunction
with his brother Gus, became proprietor of Callender's Colored Minstrels a
few weeks later, and continued with that company about three years.
Charles Frohman was born in Sandusky, Ohio, July 20 or 22, 1857.
Foster and Hughes were one of the great black-face acrobatic song and
dance teams of the minstrel and variety stage. They formed an alliance about
1876 and continued for several years.
They traveled with their own specialty company in 1886. Subsequent
to their separation, Mr. Foster married Fannie Lewis, and did an act with
her up to the time of his death.
Mr. Hughes joined John Slavin in a knockabout act after separating
from Mr. Foster; he has retired from the stage.
Dave Foster (Patterson) died in New York, December 6, 1898.
Artie Hughes (Quigg) was born in Albany, N. Y., March 28, 1855.
John T. Kelly, the favorite Irish comedian, was an end man with Leavitt's
Minstrels. Ask him when.
Mr. Kelly was born in Boston, Mass., August 26, 1855.
Wm. F. Hoey, better known to later generations of playgoers as "Old Hoss,"
was one of the cleverest of black-face musical comedians. His first appear-
ance was in his native city at the Thirty-fourth Street Theatre in 1873.
In 1875 he formed a partnership with John F. Fields, and as Fields
and Hoey continued until 1878; during this period they played an engage-
ment with Cal. Wagner's Minstrels in 1876.
In 1878 they dissolved partnership, and Mr. Hoey subsequently and for
several seasons did an excruciatingly funny act with Fred Bryant.
Bryant and Hoey played with Thatcher and Ryman's Minstrels in Phil-
adelphia, and the San Francisco Minstrels in New York.
In 1882 Mr. Hoey, Bryant, and Charles E. Evans formed the "Meteors,"
Hoey appearing in a sketch called the "Book-Agent," as a tramp ; this was
the inception of the "Parlor Match," with which he was identified for several
years.
W. S. BUDWORTH
E. M. HALL
LEW. BRIMMER
TOM. WARFIELD
f^^ ^
DANA H. CLAUDIUS HARRY STANWOOD
BRILLIANT BANJOISTS OF MINSTRELSY.
266 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Mr. Hoey was married to Helena French, of the French Twin Sisters,
and was a brother of James F. Hoey.
' Willliam F. Hoey was born in New York City, January'i, 1855; he died
there June 9, 1897.
The Russell Bros., famous for many years in practically every variety and
vaudeville theatre in the land for their great act, the "Irish Servant Girls," began
their professional career in January, 1877, doing the old-time specialty of chang-
ing from white to black in full view of the audience.
About 1880 they joined Woodson and Allen's Minstrels, James doing
an end, and John singing in the first part.
John Russell was born in New York City August 19, 1854.
James Russell was born in New York City October 26, 1859.
Hyde and Behman, whose theatre in Brooklyn, N. Y., for many years
played all the prominent black-face, as well as other luminaries, were the
proprietors and managers of a first-class minstrel organization bearing their
names in 1885.
Richard Hyde was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., May 22, 1849.
Louis Behman was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., June 4, 1855 ; he died there,
February 27, 1902.
Frank C. Geyer, an excellent acrobatic song and dance man, made his first
professional appearance at Deagle's Varieties, St. Louis, Mo. ; shortly after
this he formed a partnership with George A. Turner and Billy Mendel,
being known as the Big 3; Mendel soon dropped out, and the team was
known as Geyer and Turner, and as such continued for several years, finally
separating. Mr. Geyer then allied himself with James B. Mackie, and as
Geyer and Mackie they continued giving black-face specialties ; subsequently
the team was known as Geyer and Sylvester, and Geyer and Lord.
He managed the opera house at Bellaire, Ohio, several years.
Mr. Geyer's first wife was Amy Nelson, a prima donna, with whom he
was professionally associated a considerable period ; subsequently he mar-
ried Mamie Forrest, of the Forrest Sisters ; they played the principal variety-
houses.
He traveled with O'Brien's Circus for two years ; and was one of the
three Geyer Brothers — Frank, Charles and Albert: an odd coincidence con-
cerning the latter was that for a brief period he did a black-face song and
dance act with Frank Turner, of the Three Turner Brothers, known as Tur-
ner and Geyer; in one case a Turner was associated with one of the Three
Geyer Brothers ; in the other a Geyer worked with one of the Three Turner
Brothers ; the two Turners were not related.
Frank C. Geyer was born in Newark, N. J., September 5, 1855 ; he died
at Lexington, Mo., June 4, 1900.
Donald Harold (O'Donnell Harrold) was once the "boy tenor"; you
wouldn't think so to see him now, but bear in mind that was in 1872, on
the first day of that year at Simmons and Slocum's Minstrels in Philadelphia.
Mr. Harold continued with the minstrels until August, same year; his
voice changing, he also changed his job, and two years and one month later
FROM "DADDV RICE TO DATE. 267
he identified himself with the famous Holman Opera Troupe, remaining
until May 20, 1878.
Since that date Mr. Harold has been associated with many musical and
farcical productions — but no minstrels.
Donald Harold was born in Philadelphia, December 5, 1855.
Bobby Beach (Anin W. Gardner) entered the theatrical profession at the
age of 15, doing a contortion act; subsequently developing into a good
dancer.
He was with Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West's Minstrels in 1881,
and about a year or so later with Otis Bowers formed the Beach and Bow-
ers Minstrels, which were prominent for several seasons.
He was seriously injured while doing a pedestal act.
Bobby Beach was born in Rome, N. Y. ; he died in Watertown, Wis.,
December i, 1905; age 50 years.
Tommy Harris (McGuigan), one of the very few men left capable of play-
ing the old-time nigger acts, made his first appearance at Fox's Theatre,
Philadelphia, in 1875, with a partner, whose name was Ward ; the team
name being Ward and Harrison ; subsequently they played an engagement in
Philadelphia with Skiff and Gaylord's Minstrels ; late in 1876 they separated.
His next partner was Jack McNeil; joining Fattie Stewart's Company, the
team was accidently billed as Harris and McNeil ; and Harris it has remained
ever since. In 1879 they joined the Three Arnold Bros. Minstrels, and
while with this company they dissolved partnership; McNeil died about
1902.
Mr. Harris then played variety engagements with his wife, the team
being known as the Harrises, until 1889; he then taking a stock engagement
at the Odeon, Baltimore, remaining there 10 years.
A season with his son and daughter, known as the 3 Harrises followed ;
then he worked with his daughter Laura (now of Cartmell and Harris) for
about four years, after which he joined Lew Simmons for a season ; then a
brief season as one of the 4 Cartmells, after which was Smith and Harris.
Tommy Harris was born in Philadelphia, February 3, 1855.
Harry Kennedy (W. H. Kennedy), the well-known ventriloquist and song
writer, played many minstrel engagements, notably with Haverly's Mas-
todons.
In the Fall of 1884 he was associated with Billy Birch with the San
Francisco Minstrels.
Harry Kennedy was born in Manchester, Eng. ; he died in Brooklyn,
N. Y., January 3, 1894; age 39 years.
Charley Reed. "Just the Plain Comedian" he was termed, and he zvas a
comedian, as anyone who remembers him will testify.
Charley Reed's professional career began and ended in white-face, but
the major portion of it was given to minstrelsy, where he was alwaj'S a star.
About 1872 h; went to the California Theatre in San Francisco, where he
he became successively call-boy, prompter and low comedian.
In 1873 he joined Maguire's Minstrels at the latter's opera house in the
268 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Western metropolis. August 31, 1874, he opened for the season in Phila-
delphia with Simmons and Slocum's Minstrels; the following August he
joined Emerson's Minstrels in Cincinnati. In 1876 he returned to San Fran-
cisco, and for the next three years he continued there with the minstrels at
Maguire's Opera House and comedian at the Bella Union Theatre.
July 7, 1879, with a variety company under the management of Martin
Simon, he sailed for Australia, remaining away for more than a year. On
February 7, 1881, he began an engagement with Thatcher and Ryman's
Minstrels in Philadelphia.
A season with "Muldoon's Picnic," with Hyde & Behman, and Mr. Reed
returned with Emerson's Minstrels in San Francisco, subsequently becom-
ing a partner of Emerson, and later Charley Reed's Minstrels held sway at
the Standard Theatre until April 10, 1886. August 16, 1886, he opened at
the Madison Street Theatre in Chicago, with a minstrel company. He con-
tinued here a few weeks, and in the following October he appeared with Lew
Dockstader's Minstrels in New York, playing a brief engagement; this was
his last appearance in black-face. Later he appeared as Ko-Ko in the "Mi-
kado," "A Rag Baby," "City Directory" and other farcical plays.
At the time of his death he was associated in partnership with William
Collier in "Hoss and Hoss."
Charley Reed was born in New York City, May 22, 1855 ; he died in
Boston, Mass., November 21, 1892.
Nat. C. Goodwin in minstrelsy? Why, yes. He commenced an engagement
with Haverly's Minstrels at Chicago, September 11, 1876, doing a specialty
consisting chiefly of imitations.
Griffin and Rice ranked with the premier black-face song and dance teams
of minstrelsy.
They made their first appearance as an act in Pittsburg, Pa., about 1873.
September 15, 1875, they opened with Buckley's Serenaders in Boston; the
season closed October 25, 1875.
December 20, same year, they began an engagement with Carncross and
Dixey's Minstrels in Philadelphia, and continued throughout the season.
On November 20, 1876, they opened with Sweatnam's Minstrels, also in
the Quaker City, an engagement that terminated December 16. Two days
later they returned to Carncross and Dixey, where they remained the major
portion of the time until the dissolution of their partnership in 1883.
In June, 1878, they played a limited engagement with Neil Bryant's
Minstrels in New York. August 6, 1880, they were with Sweatnam and
Dougherty's Minstrels, and September 6, 1881, with Murphy and Morton,
opened with George Thatcher's Minstrels in Philadelphia, as Murphy, Mor-
ton, Griffin and Rice.
In 1883 Mr. Rice broke away from his black-face affiliations, and with
Geo. S. Knight's "Over the Garden Wall," played a German comedy role.
About 1885 Mr. Rice formed a partnership with Geo. W. Monroe, and
for several years they starred in "My Aunt Bridget." Subsequently he was
identified with May Irwin's and other high-class farcical productions.
Mr. Rice excels as a neat dancer, and as a light comedian, leaves nothing
to be desired.
CHARLES HILLIARD.
270 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Of course, everyone knows that Sallie Cohen, of Rice and Cohen, is
none other than Mrs. John C. Rice; as a guess, the author would say the
change occurred about 1890.
James Griffin formed a partnership with Ned Ainsley in the late 6o's,
doing black-face songs and dances, and as Ainsley and Griffin were together
[or several years.
In 1872 Mr. Griffin was with Purdy, Scott and Fostelle's Minstrels.
After separating from Mr. Rice, Griffin played engagements with Carn-
cross' Minstrels in Philadelphia and Lew Dockstader's Minstrels, in New
York City ; in 1893, he made a trip to South Africa with Serrill's Minstrels.
He also played in various melodramatic productions.
John C. Rice (Hildeberg) was born in Beaver Kills, N. Y.— the reader
must guess the rest.
James Griffin (McNally) was born in Rochester, N. Y., September 10,
1852; he died in Philadelphia, May 10, 1904.
Fred Hallen (Smith), prominent for many years as one of the famous
farcical duo of Hallen and Hart, was "Master Ad. Weaver" as late as April,
1875, doing black-face parts in acts with that once well-known minstrel. Ad
Weaver.
If Mr. Hallen has any regrets, he doesn't look it.
Harry Le Clair, the famous protean player, had his experience with cork.
About 1876, at the Terrace Garden, Buffalo, N. Y., Manager Dan Shelby
suddenly confronted LeClair and asked him if he could play Topsy. Mr. Le-
Clair said he could play pinochle and seven up, but had never heard of
Topsy, except in "Uncle Tom's Cabin," That's the same party, said Shelby.
So Mr. LeClair blacked up, and he blacked, down, he blacked in and he
blacked out ; he blacked his lips and he blacked his teeth ; and he probably
would still be blacking if the cork had not run out. After the show they
had to run him through a washing machine to un-black him.
•"&'
Smith and Byrne were a well-known black-face musical act thirty years ago.
Their first appearance was at Washington Hall in New York, in 1878, on
which occasion they introduced the famous "dislocated organ" solos, of
which Mr. Byrne claims to be the originator — and to date no one has dis-
puted it.
The team separated in 1884; Mr. Smith later ran for several years
Smith's Opera House in Bridgeport, Conn.
Mr. Byrne became a monologuist, but before that, a pessimist.
He is now a playwright, and is willing to prove it on the slightest provo-
cation.
Ed C. Smith is said to be a resident of Boston or its environs.
John H. W. Byrne was born in Celbridge, Ireland, May 4, 1855.
Harry Lacy, the well-known actor, and star for many years in the "Still
Alarm," was a member of Harry Robinson's Minstrels as early as March 29,
1873, 8:15 P. M.
He sang a ballad in the first part, and sang it well.
FROM " DADDY-' RICE TO DATE. 271
Michael F. Hennessy, one of the Hennessy Bros., was a well-known min-
strel performer. He went to Europe with Haverly in 1884; subsequently
appearing with other companies. For two seasons he was associated with
Hennessy Bros. Minstrels.
His last engagement was with Cushman and Thomas' Minstrels. He
died in Milford, Mass., April 24, 1890; age 35 years.
Percy G. Willi.\ms, the prominent vaudeville manager and theatre owner,
played many black-face parts while a member of the Park Theatre, Brook-
lyn, N. Y., Stock Company, many years ago. To be specific, he enacted the
role of Goliah, a colored boy, in the play of "Echoes" week of October 23,
1876. I have the programme.
Dan Mason, the tangled Teutonic talker, was a comedian on the minstrel
first part at the old National Theatre. Cincinnati. Ohio, in the Spring of 1874.
Dan says that was the beginning of the "end."
Mr. Mason was born in Syracuse, N. Y., February 9, 1855.
NiLES and Evans were an excellent song and dance team ; Mr. Evans' "make-
up" as a wench was something remarkable. They made their first joint appear-
ance at Rochester, N. Y., January i, 1872, appearing in white faces in "Under the
Gaslight."
They subsequently played in black-face, and made their initial appear-
ance in minstrelsy with John Hooley's Company in Brooklyn, N. Y., in April,
1873 ; they remained a few weeks and liked it so well that they joined Purdy
and White's Minstrels May 19 following. There is reason to believe that
they did not like this so well. In December, 1874, Mr. Evans temporarily-
retired, and with Burt Wayne, Mr. Niles joined Kelly and Leon's Minstrels.
Subsequently they again joined hands and continued until March 18, 1882;
owing to the illness of Mr. Niles, they made their last appearance as a team in
Louisville, Ky., on the above date.
Mr. Evans' career since then is well known.
On August 18, 1882, he formed an alliance with Bryant and Hoey, and
for two years headed a variety company in which the principal act was that
of the "Book Agent" ; this was the inception of "A Parlor Match," which
was first produced September 5, 1884, and which had a continuous run for
ten years, since which time Mr. Evans has been successfully manager, pro-
ducer, actor and vaudevillian.
P. J. Niles was born in Syracuse, N. Y., February 8, 185 1 ; he died at
Lewis Station, N. Y., October 17, 1882. ,
Charles E. Evans was born in Rochester, N. Y., September 6, 1856.
Delmore and Wilson are recognized as clever performers in white face, but
that they were equally clever disguised with cork, not all are aware. They
made their first appearance in Hoboken, N. J. (most anyone can tell you where
it is), iq 1880, doing a neat black-face character change act.
Their first minstrel engagement was with Cal. Wagner in 1884: subse-
quently they played with the following well-known companies : Duprez
and Benedict's; Barlow Bros, and Frost's; Hi Henry's; Beach and Bower's;
272 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
two seasons with Carncross' Minstrels, in Philadelphia ; their last appearance
in black-face was with Haverly's Minstrels about fifteen years ago.
Subsequently they played six seasons with ''Finnigan's Ball" and two
years with "The Irish Pawnbrokers." These gentlemen also played several
weeks in London and the provinces, and thirteen weeks in South Africa.
Len Delmore was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., March 23, 1861.
Fred Wilson was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., September 10, 1856.
Jerry Hart is a black-face comedian whom we should see more of, and I
am sure we will.
Mr. Hart was raised in New Orleans, La., which gave him an opportu-
nity of studying the "darky" at close range.
During ]\Ir. Hart's career he was associated with such companies as Bar-
low, Wilson and Rankin's; Haverly's; Al. G. Fields', and Schilling's Min-
strels.
In 1897 he starred with Ned 'Monroe in the "Gay Matinee Girl."
About ten years ago he went to England, and later to Africa, where Hart
and Leo played for eight years.
Jerry Hart was born in Boston, Mass., January 23, 1856.
James M. Tierney made his first professional appearance at the age of 10
years ; he was billed as Master Eddy.
About 1872 he joined Tim Cronin, and as Tierney and Cronin they con-
stituted one of the best song and dance teams of their day, during which
period they played the principal variety houses, and some of the famous
minstrel organizations, notably Kelly and Leon's ; Neil Bryant's and Hoo-
ley's, in Brooklyn.
Mr. Tierney separated from Cronin about 1881, subsequently engaging
with Harrigan and Hart in New York ; he left them April 18, 1885, after
which he joined the Alice Oates Company, where he remained until his
death.
James M. Tierney was born in New York in 1856; he died in St. Louis,
Mo., July 28, 1885.
BiLLiE Barlow (Wm. S. Wyatt), a clever female impersonator who was
with Hi Henry's Minstrels in 1888, died in Mobile, Ala., September 2, 1897;
age 41 years.
Fred. Dart was considered one of the best and most versatile "wenches"
in minstrelsy ; he was for many years with Sam Hague's Minstrels in Liver-
pool, and when Mr, Hague came to this country in 1881, Mr. Dart was with
him, subsequently joining Carncross' Minstrels in Philadelphia, where he
remained until the time of his death.
Fred Dart was born in Liverpool, England ; he died in Philadelphia,
March 30, 1890; age 34 years.
Billy (Wm. H.) Chace began his professional career in his native city,
doing an "essence" in black-face ; this was in September, 1870. His first
minstrel show was Huntley's Minstrels; other minstrel engagements were
Harry Robinson's ; I. W. Baird's ; Barlow, Wilson's ; Emerson's ; Alex Com-
EDNA MAY SPOONER
SALLIE COHEN
CECIL SPOONER
TRIXIE FRIGANZA-
LOTTA
JENNIE YEAMANS
MAUDE RAYMOND
ARTIE HALL
BEVERLY SITGREAVES
THEY ALL BLACKED UP.
274 MONARCHS OF iMlNSTRELSY,
stock's. With Will Culhane and Wm. R. Weston they traveled as Culhane,
Chace and Weston's Minstrels for 8 years.
He was of the song and dance teams of Chace and Davis, Chace and
Yale and Chace and Buckley.
Other engagements were Washburn's "Last Sensation," 3 years; at the
Theatre Comique, Providence, R. I., 3 years, and Rentz-Santley Company, 3
years ; also clown with Howe's London Circus and other circus engagements ;
James R. Waites Company, 3 years, and played Joshua Simpkins in the play
of that name for one season, also with Rice and Barton's Company.
Mr. Chace was married to Miss Kitty Elzel, at Worcester, Alass., April
18, 1882; subsequently he became the husband of Henrietta St. Felix, of the 4
St. Felix Sisters, at Bainbridge, Ga., February i, 1893.
Mr. Chace says that he is of the opinion that Chace and Davis at the
Wigwam Theatre, Paterson, N. J., February, 1873, were the first to do a
black-face "gagging" turn ; I place it up to my readers.
Billy Chace was born May 31, 1856; at Providence, R. L
LEW DOCKSTADER (Geo. Alfred Clapp).
Minstrelsy didn't commence with Lew Dockstader, but Lew Dockstader
commenced with minstrelsy, and has been associated with it ever since,
always appearing in black face, a distinction enjoyed but by few burnt-cork
artists. Mr. Dockstader's success is due to many things, the most con-
spicuous being his ability to ascertain just what the public wants and when
it wants it ; and then giving it to them.
The name of Dockstader has been a household word for many years ;
the fame of Dockstader will live forever.
Mr. Dockstader's initial appearance dates back to 1873, when, in his
native city he was a member of an amateur organization by the very min-
strel name of Earl, Emmett and Wild's Minstrels ; with Frank Lawton he
did a song and dance act under the team name of Lawton and Clapp. That
there was some class even at that early date to the great artist in embryo, is
evinced from the fact that the late Harry Bloodgood, who was at that time
organizing a company, engaged young Clapp, and he forthwith became a
member of Bloodgood's Comic Alliance, opening in Springfield, Mass., about
September i, 1873, and continuing the season.
The following year he formed a partnership with Johnny Mack, and as
Mack and Clapp joined Whitmore and Clark's Minstrels, remaining until
the Spring of the next year.
From 1875 to 1876 he was associated with Mart Healy, also Healy and
Ella Saunders, playing the variety houses, and billed as the "Big Three."
Then something happened. Mr. Dockstader fell into some money ; but how
fall out? Have a theatre of your own, someone suggested. Accordingly, on
the nth day of September, 1876, Newton's Varieties, in Hartford, Conn.,
was opened under the management of Lew Clapp ; four weeks later the name
of the theatre was changed to the Adelphi and as the Adelphi it continued
until January 13 following, when Mr. Clapp surrendered the reins of man-
agement to the more venerable Ad. Weaver.
Thinking he had said goodby to the theatrical business for good and
all, ^Ir. Clapp (who still retained some of his inheritance) set out for Cali-
LEW. DOCKSTADER.
FROM -DADDY" RICE TO DATE.
-/ 0
fornia, vvlicre he reached in clue time. This was before the day of "Seeing
San Francisco" cars were in evidence ; nevertheless he saw all that was
worth seeing before it dawned upon him that the end of his money had been
nearly reached.
"^ate in the guise of Cogill and Cooper appeared on the scene, and in
May, 1877, opened the new Adelphi Theatre in the great Western metropolis ;
Lew Clapp doing a song and dance, "Peter, You're in Luck This Morning,"
was one of the features of the bill.
After a pleasant and profitable engagement of several months he joined
Sargent's Minstrels for a tour, opening early in September and closing in
Sacramento, Cal., December 10, 1877.
He gradually worked his way to New York, where in August, 1878, he
formed a partnership with Charles Dockstader, doing black-face songs and
dances ; the alliance, which was known as the Dockstader Brothers, contin-
ued until the illness of Charles Dockstader caused a severance of their busi-
ness relations in Philadelphia, in March, 1883. Mr. Dockstader made his
initial appearance with his new partner in Jersey City, September, 1878 ; they
remained there several weeks.
Their first minstrel engagement was with Jerry Thomas' Minstrels in
New York at the P)righton Theatre (present site of Bijou) December 30,
1878.
They then played the principal variety houses until the commencement
of the season of 1880 when they joined Carncross' Minstrels in Philadelphia
for the season ; the following year they returned there, and remained until
about January i, 1882, when they joined George Thatcher's Minstrels, also in
Philadelphia, for a brief engagement, terminating January 21st; a week later
they opened with Haverly's Minstrels in St. Louis, Mo., for the balance of
the season.
In the Fall of 1882 they again returned to Carncross', in Philadelphia,
where after the sickness of Charles Dockstader in March, 1883, Lew Dock-
stader remained until the season closed ; drawing the double salary for his
individual services, and generousl}' sharing it with his afflicted partner.
Mr. Dockstader began his fourth season with Carncross in the Fall of
1883 ; he continued there until the Spring of 1886. On the 17th day of Sep-
tember that year, Dockstader's Minstrels opened as a permanent institution
in New York City, where for more than three years he held forth, surrounded
at all times with the luminaries of the minstrel world; during this period he
made a trip to California with his company.
The final performance was given December 9, 1889.
December 23, 1889, he opened with Hermann's Trans-Oceanic A'audeville
Company for a limited engagement.
The following month he became a member of Primrose and West's
Minstrels and continued with them until the Spring of 1891, after which he
joined George Thatcher's Minstrels in San Francisco, and finished the sea-
son with that company.
Dockstader's Minstrels were next organized for a road tour and made
their first appearance at Dayton, Ohio, July 23, 1891. They traveled success-
fully until February 20, 1895 ; on that date giving their closing performance
in Cincinnati. *
Mr. Dockstader immediately entered vaudeville, and continued in it sue-
276 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
cessfnllv until 1898, when in connection with George Primrose, a minstrel
company bearing their names was organized. It traveled for five years dur-
ing which time it gave universal satisfaction.
In 1903 Mr. Dockstader again headed his own aggregation ; each year
since then successfully conducting it on lines that have long since made it
synonymous with all that is best in minstrelsy.
]\Ir. Dockstader does what no other black-face monologuist has ever at-
tempted, namely, to give a different specialty every season, each one being
an expensive scenic affair that requires generally a full stage to properly
produce.
Lew Dockstader was born in Hartford, Conn., August 7, 1856.
Tom SadleRj a well-known comedian, was a member of Haverly's Mastodons
at their inception in 1878; he went to England with them in 1880, and con-
tinued with them several years after. He was of the team of Green and
Sadler, and later Morton and Sadler. Mr. Sadler was born in Nashville,
Tenn., October 16, 1856; he died in Liverpool, England, December 31, 1893.
Billy Stiles (Lyons), a well-known performer of three decades ago, who
was at one time connected with Haverly's Minstrels, and Washburn's Circus,
was a native of Bridgeport, Conn. He died in Newark, N. J., October 10,
1909; age 53 years.
Rice and Barton, famous for many years for their burlesque productions,
did a great black-face act in 1882, and three years later headed Rice and Barton's
Minstrels.
Rice and Barton were brothers, and up to the time of the death of the
former, comprised one of the oldest theatrical partnerships in existence.'
George W. Rice (Swope) was born in Three Springs, Pa., September 13,
1858; he died at Centreport, Long Island, N. Y., December 22, 1909.
Charles Barton (Swope) was born in Three Springs, Pa., in 1856.
Chas. H. Yale had a varied experience as a black-face performer before he
could tack the words, "Manager of Devil's Auction," to his name.
Mr. Yale first appeared professionally at Haverhill, Mass., in 1873, doing
a black-face banjo act. He next worked in acts with Neil Burgess, in white-
face. Subsequently he did a black-face act with George Austin, and later
with Harry Fielding.
About 1875 he formed a partnership with Al. Decker, and as Yale and
Decker they' traveled for several seasons. Mr. Yale also achieved marked
success as a pantomimist.
Charles H. Yale was born at Laconia, N. H., February 13, 1856.
The Hogan Bros, formed a partnership in the middle 70's, doing black-face
songs and dances; their greatest success was with the "Happy Hottentots."
They had been with various minstrel and specialty companies during the
eighteen years they were associated together.
Harry Hogan had been business manager at the Bijou Theatre in Jersey
City, N. J., almost fifteen years.
Gus Hogan had been manager for various burlesque companies, after their
separation.
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278 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Harry Hogan (Hornidge) was born in New York, in 1857; he died in
Jersey City, N. J., October 26, 1905.
Gns Hogan (Rohling) was born in New York; he died at Fair Haven,
N. J., May 30, 1908; age 50 years.
HooLEY AND THOMPSON formed a partnership about 187 1, doing black-face
songs and dances.
Their first prominent engagement was with Welch, Hughes and White's
Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y. They were with .Haverly's Mastodons in 1878,
and went to Europe with them in 1880, and continued with Haverly some
time after that.
Subsequently they were with Wilson and RanTvin's Minstrels. In Sep-
tember, 1887, they joined Rice, Hart, and Ryman's Minstrels; this was their
last joint engagement.
They separated about August, 1888; Mr. Hooley subsequently acting in
an official capacity at his uncle's (R. M. Hooley) theatre in Chicago.
Mr. Thompson afterward playetl in white-face with Joe Murphy's Irish
dramas, and for several seasons was the latter's manager.
Bob Hooley was born in Brooklyn, N. Y. ; he died in Chicago, III., Jan-
uary 24, 1899.
Dan Thompson (Sallows) was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., August 27, 1857.
Maurice Haley, one of the original Electric Three, comprising Callan,
Haley and Callan, was a comedian and dancer, and one of the organizers of
the Electric Three Minstrels about 1887. .
He died in New York August 28, 1890; age t,t, years.
J. W. Kelly (Shields), famous the country over as the "Rolling Mill Man,"
and one of the greatest natural wits the world ever knew, did a black-face
act with Charles Dockstader at the London Theatre, New York, on the night
of October 23, 1884, called "Worse and Worse."
Mr. Kelly, who was a wonderful Irish comedian, was born in Philadel-
phia, in 1857 ; he died in New York, June 26, 1896
Tim Cronin made his first appearance at the "House of Commons" in 1869.
This was not the famous place where the Britishers make their laws ; not,
not ; for Timothy did not have political aspirations for many years after that.
It was in 1870 that he played his first minstrel engagement as "Master
Charley," doing a jig and song and dance, -with Bryant's Company in his
native city. • ■■ ■
A year or two later he']-8lftM Jatnfes Tierney, and as Tierney and Cronin
one of their great acts was the "Ashante Recruits;'' ■r">--.lA.- =- '
During the decade they were together they playea' several important
minstrel engagements, such as" Kelly and Leon's; Neil Bryant's, and Hoo-
ley's, in Brooklyn, N. Y. With Tierney arid Lester and Allen, Mr. Cronin
formed the "Four Aces" in 1877, continuing as a quartette for one season.
Mr. Cronin next went with Harrigan and Hart in New York, where
about 1881 he left Tierney. and subsequently allied himself with Master Martin,
Dan Waldron and William Smith, and for several seasons traveled as the "Big j"
In 1886 he joined Lew Dockstader's Minstrels at ^'yt\r permanent home in
New York City.
FROM "DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 279
For several years Mr. Cronin has been playing white-face comedy parts,
the first of which was with Tony Hart in a "Toy Pistol"; he continued with
Hart until the sad ending of the latter's career.
Since then he has been identified with many famous farcical fellows,
and also has to his credit a three-year engagement with Augustin Daly in
New York.
After Mr. Cronin's long experience in the varieties, it was but natural
that he should take "A Trip to the Vaudevilles" ; and he did ; George M.
Cohan wrote it, and Tim Cronin played it in fourteen parts ; that is, he por-
trayed fourteen dififerent characters.
Tim Cronin was born in New York City, November 4, 1857.
Connors and Kelly. Jimmy Connors, of the old team of Connors and Kelly,
joined the latter about 1871, and continued together 19 years. They went to
England in 1876, and remained eight years. He was once of the "Big 4."
Maggie Weston, well known for her comedy characterizations of the
rough Irish woman, was his wife ; they were married July 3, 1888.
Jimmy Connors was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., April 1856; he died in New
York City, January 3, 1909.
Jimmy Kelly died about 15 years ago.
"Buck" Sheffer (Chas. Sheflfer) at a very early age appeared in acts with
Otto Burbank. In the middle 70's he worked with Bob Slavin, as Shefifer
and Slavin, subsequently appearing with Mike Foley, as Sheffer and Foley.
About 1880 he joined Harry Blakely and continued with him until the
death of the latter.
In the character of a rough wench he excelled.
Of late years Mr. Sheffer has been working in vaudeville with his daugh-
ter, a young lady of unusual talents.
"Buck" Sheffer was born in Baltimore, jMd., January 25, 1857.
H.\RRY Blakely (Blacklock) joined Sheffer about 1880, and together were
one of the greatest teams of their day in the characters of plantation negroes.
Prior to Mr. Blakel3''s stage appearance, he was a page in Congress for many
years, and was a man of unusual intelligence.
Harry Blakely was born in Alexandria, Va., 1859; he died in New York
City, June i, 1891.
John Blackford, a most excellent portrayer of the plantation darky, was with
Cleveland's Minstrels season of 1895-96, and 1898 he was a member of
Haverly's last minstrel company ; he subsequently joined Al. G. Field's Min-
strels, where he remained until his death.
Mr. Blackford's "Coon from Arkansaw" was one of the gems of latter
day minstrelsy.
John Blackford died at Charleston, W. Va., December 7, 1903 ; age 46
years.
Fred A. Bell (Herrick) with his partner, Sam Flowe, created considerable
stir by dancing a clog on a marble pedestal and turning a somersault in the
28o MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
air. He was with Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West's Minstrels in i88l,
and the following season joined the Barlow, Wilson Minstrels.
Fred A. Bell was born in Toledo, Ohio; he died in Louisville, Ky.,
March 17, 1884; age 27 years.
Pete Mack (McGlone), the well-known and capable comedian, joined J. C.
Harrington about 1873, doing double songs and dances ; the partnership con-
tinued about four years, when Mr. Mack, who was working under his own
name, went with the New Orleans Minstrels. October 21, 1878, using the
name of Mack, he joined Haverly's Original Mastodon Minstrels in Chicago,
and continued with Mr. Haverly off and on for several seasons ; in the Fall
of 1881 he was with Emerson's Minstrels in San Francisco.
Mr. Mack was with Haverly on the latter's second trip to England, in
1884; while there he received an offer from "Pony" Moore to join Moore
and Burgess' Minstrels in London ; he accepted and remained several seasons.
Subsequently he was with Dockstader's Minstrels in New York City,
and with the "City Directory" ; his last engagement was with Donnelly and
Girard in "Natural Gas"; always appearing in black-face.
Pete Mack died in Pittsburgh, Pa., March 15, 1892; age 35 years.
Wm. R. Weston, of the firm of Culhane, Chace and Weston's Minstrels, pre-
vious to the inception of that organization in the middle 90's, was with
Emerson's Minstrels and Dockstader's Minstrels. Was also with Reilly and
Woods Co., and the St. Felix Sisters organizations. He was an accom-
plished musician and leader.
At the time of his death he was musical director of the orchestra at the
Music Hall, Yonkers, N. Y.
His wife was Charlotte St. Felix, of the 4 St. Felix Sisters.
William R. Weston was born at Stafford, Conn., April 6, 1857; he died
at Brooklyn, N. Y., September 25, 1906.
David Belasco. — The author had been told that the subject of this sketch
played black-face parts during his very early career in San Francisco ; and on
September 12, 1910. wrote to Mr. Belasco asking him to verify the report.
Under date of November 7, 1910, Mr. Belasco sent the following:
"Pray pardon me for the delay in replying to your letter, but I have been
much absent from town and my time wholly occupied with rehearsals.
"I am sorry to say that Fm afraid I can't give you any definite information,
as it is from twenty to twenty-five years ago, and I really don't remember. I only
recollect that I played many little parts. Faithfully,
"David Belasco."
Wonder if Mr. Belasco has any ideas in that fertile brain of his, as to how a
minstrel show should be run ? Bet he has.
Sallie Cohen played Topsy in "Uncle Tom's Cabin" when she was a little
girl; she told me so herself.
But that couldn't have been such a very long time ago ; now was it, Mrs. Rice?
Sam Rickey (Rich. T. Higgins), one of the greatest stage Irishmen ever
known, and who was an early partner of Edw. Harrigan, played frequently in
JOHN A. LANG
BOB. TYRRELL
RAYMOND SHAW
HAYDON TILLA
THOS. B. DIXON
HARRY SHIRLEY
GEO. W. HARLEY
HARRY W. ROE
HORACE RUSHBY
MORE SINGERS.
282 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
black-face during his early career with Add. \^'eaver. He was also with Hart,
Ryman and Barney's ]\Iinstrels in 1871.
He died in New York, September 10, 1885.
Edmond G. Corbin, the Apollo banjoist, formerly of Claudius and Corbin,
Hale and: Corbin, and just Corbin, was one of the features of the Primrose and
Dockstader's Minstrels in 1901.
Mr. Corbin's ideas of comedy frequently conflicted with those of Jas. H.
Decker.
Mr. Corbin may soon mingle midst the mirthful and merry monologists.
'■'',, Edmond G. Corbin was born in Troy, N. Y., Alay 23, 1877.
■' A\'iLL J. Davis, the popular and efficient manager of the beautiful Illinois
Theatre in Chicago, writing to the author from Hot Springs, Ark., March 27,
1901;, said: * * * "Lew Dockstader is billed for a night here about the
middle of April. Wish I could stay to see the performance."
Of course, you did, Mr. Davis, for you haven't forgotten your associations
with Jack Haverly. and when you took his famous Georgia Minstrels to Califor-
nia in 1876. They were the first real colored troupe to visit the coast; their suc-
cess there was in no small way due to your executive ability. Then there was a
"Will Davis' ]\Iinstrels" that toured Canada some years ago. Wonder who that
was?
"Coal Oil Johnny" (John W. Steele), whose extravagances of about 45
years ago while "financial manager"" of Skitf and Gaylord's Minstrels, are yet
recalled by many in and out of the profession, is said to be living quietly in
Hazleton, Pa.
"Coal Oil Johnny" was a poor boy in the 6o"s, when his foster parents, who
had suddenly acquired fabulous wealth through the finding of oil on their prop-
erty, died and left their all to young Steele. Then came a riotous round of dis-
sipations and extravagances. It was a common thing for Steele to buy a carriage
and team, and a few minutes later give it away to any stranger he happened to
meet. It is said he gave a hotel away in the same manner. Mr. Steele furnished
the money for the minstrels, and diamonds for the promoters, on the .sole condi-
tion that his name should be used on all printing as "financial manager," as already
stated.
It is said that he has seen no minstrel show in late years.
Chauncey Olcott, the favorite singing Irish comedian, was many years a
minstrel.
On the 2ist day of February, 1876, Mr. Olcott, full of hope, became a
, member of the Alabama Serenaders, a minstrel company, which closed at St.
Thomas, Canada, at the end of the third performance. Had the treasurer
of the organization been as good as the show, thev might have still been traveling.
In the Fall of the same year he joined Lew Benedict's Minstrels. Mr.
Olcott's banner year as a minstrel was in 1879: here's the record. September
13, opened with Simmons and Slocum's Company in Philadelphia; November
27, he played a full season with the Three Rankin's Minstrels, opening at Co-
lumbus, Ohio, on the above date, and closing with the company (which also
closed) November 27, 1879. after a consecutive run of one consecutive night.
Was Mr. Olcott discouraged.? Not much; he became a member of Haverly 's
FROM -DADDV RICE TO DATE. 283
Mastodons at Buffalo, N. Y. : prior to which he was with Hoolcy and Emer-
son's Megatherians. July 31, 1880, he opened with Haverly at the Drury
Lane Theatre, London, England.
October 17, 1881, he opened in San Francisco with Billy Emerson's Min-
strels. About Jasuary, 1884, he married Miss Carrie Armstrong in Philadel-
phia.
Mr. Olcott was with Carncross' I\Iinstrels in Philadelphia, where he
remained about two or three years. Seasons of 1884-85-86 he was with
Thatcher, Primrose and West's Minstrels. September 11, 1886, he again
joined Simmons and Slucum's Company in the Quaker City.
A short time after that he became a member of the "Old Homestead" ;
later he played Nanki Poo in the "Mikado"; subsequently entering the field
of Irish drama.
Chauncey Olcott was born July 21, 1857, at Providence, R. L
Harry !M. Price, prominent in many musical productions for his many suc-
cesses in Dutch comedy parts, was one of the Price Bros., from 1877 to 1882,
doing black-face song and dance acts.
Theo. Price, his brother, has retired from active theatricals on account
of illness.
Harry M. Price was born in Baltimore, Md., May 20, 1857.
B.\NKS Winter first appeared theatrically as a member of an amateur min-
strel company in his native city; that was in 1877.
Mr. Winter became a real minstrel November 9, 1879, at Dayton, Ohio,
when he joined Haverly's Mastodons — and there were others, notably liilly
Arlington's; Skiff's California: Leavitt's Gigantean's ; Haverly-Cleveland's ;
Cleveland's and five years with Thatcher, Primrose and West's.
In November, 1900, Mr. Winter, accompanied by his charming and tal-
ented young daughter, entered the vaudeville field, and as Banks and Win-
ona W'inter, traveled for several seasons.
In the Fall of 1907 Mr. Winter played a brief engagement in a vaude-
ville act, appearing in black-face. The report that Mr. Winter didn't black
his ears or eyes on this occasion is manifestly absurd.
Mr. Winter was born in Macon, Ga., February 8, 1857; after which he
wrote "White Wings" ; and incidentally no one ever sang it better, for Banks
Winter was one of ministrelsy's great tenors.
John D. Gilbert (Donohue) formed a partnership with Billy Courtright
about 1871, in an original black-face act called "Big and Little"; they subse-
quently had many imitators. Courtright and Gilbert made their first New
York appearance at Charley White's, 585 Broadway, October 12, 1872. Mr.
Gilbert later eschewed burnt cork, and subsequently with Henry V. Donnelly
and Eddie Girard starred in "Natural Gas." Mr. Gilbert's time is not mostly
devoted to authoring theatrical sketches.
John D. Gilbert was born in Dublin, Ireland, September 3, 1857.
Wm. J. Sully (Sullivan) formed a partnership with Patsy Howard in 1873,
doing a black-face act ; they remained together one season. In 1876 he
284 M ON ARCH S OF MINSTRELSY,
joined Billy Williams, and as Williams and Sully were well known on the
variety stage, where they played for eleven years.
Mr. Sully afterwards married Nellie Germon, and as Sully and Germon
did sketches, also in the variety theatres.
In 1884 Williams, Sully and Germon's "Three Sunflowers" Company
toured.
Of late Mr. Sully has been doing a single specialty in vaudeville. Mr.
Sully was born in Boston, Mass., June 23, 1858.
Alf Gibson, the well-known comedian, made his first appearance at Colum-
bus, Ohio, as a clog dancer, during the festivities that attended the Goss-
Allen fight.
In 1875 he was with William Lawrence Allen's Statue Company; after
this Gilmore and Gibson did a song and dance with Mons. De Rea Circus.
Several years were spent in stock at the Bella Union and Adelphi Thea-
tres in San Francisco.
Subsequently he went to Carncross' Minstrels in Philadelphia and re-
mained four years.
A trip to England, and on the return he played an engagement with
Haverly in Chicago, in 1893. Mr. Gibson was twelve years at Dumont's
Minstrels in Philadelphia ; two seasons with George Primrose's Minstrels,
and one season with Cohan and Harris' Minstrels (1908).
Mr. Gibson formed a partnership with John Murphy that existed twelve
years.
He married a Miss Davis October 27, 1880, and as Gibson and Davis
they played several seasons.
For the past ten years he has been associated with the company known
as Murphy and Gibson's Minstrels at Atlantic City, N. J., during the
Summer.
Alf. Gibson was born at Ashland, Ohio, September 11, 1858.
"Master" Martin has been "Master" Martin for forty odd years, or ever
since his first professional appearance at the Old Bowery Theatre in 1867;
N. B. Clarke was the stage manager, and 'twas he that gave him the sobri-
quet.
"Master" Martin essayed many roles before he played his first min-
strel engagement with Bryant's company in New York, early in 1875.
February 12, 1877, he opened with Kelly and Leon's Minstrels also in
New York. Other minstrel engagements were with Moore and Burgess
in London, England, where he remained two and a half years.
In August, 1877, he became a member of the Big Four ; Smith, Wal-
dron, Morton and Martin ; Mr. Martin continued a member of the Big Four
through its many changes, for nearly a quarter of a century.
In the Summer of 1879 the Big Four IVfinstrels opened in New York
City.
Mr. Martin has been associated also with Simmons and Slocum's ; Dbck-
Btader's, Rice and Sheppard's, Cleveland's, and Haverly's Minstrels ; the
latter in 1898. In his earlier career "Master" Martin was famous for his
impersonation of the monkey; and for five years he played Dragonfin in
"The Black Crook."
CHAS. AND GUSTAVE FROHMAN AS MINSTREL MAGNATES; 1883.
286 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
He also played black-face parts in "Easy Dawson"; "The Ninety and
Nine," and the "Millionaire's Revenge.
He likewise created the character of Banty Tim, a dumb negro in "Jim
Bludso." Mr. Martin's playing of this most difficult pantomimic role was
most artistic.
"Master" Martin was born in New York City, August 27, 1858.
James Ten Brooke (Sheridan ), first appeared professionally in 1876; Brook-
lyn, N. Y., was where it happened.
A year or so later he joined Larry Dooley in a "nigger act," and con-
tinued with him until 1881 : in 1880 they were with the Big Four Minstrels.
Mr. Ten Brooke subsequently played stock engagements for several sea-
sons, and in 1898 rejoined his former partner, and later played an engage-
ment with Primrose and Dockstader's Minstrels ; with this organization Mr.
Ten Brooke officiated as interlocutor ; and he is one of the best.
He next appeared in white-face with the "Volunteer Organist": after
which with his daughter and son-in-law, as Ten Brooke, Lambert and Ten
Brooke, he played vaudeville. Subsequently Ten Brooke and Henry forme'l
a partnership, and are now in vaudeville.
James Ten Brooke was born in New York, January 23, 1858.
James Mack (McAvoy), who attained some prominence with minstrel shows
as a female impersonator, died at Elyria, Ohio, November 5, 1890; age 32
years.
The Giraed Brothers ranked with the great black-face song and dance
teams of minstrelsy. Their first appearance was made at the Wigwam Theatre, in
Paterson, N. J., in 1874.
In 1876 they were with Washburn's Last Sensation, and two years later
they played a brief engagement with Ben Cotton and "Happy" Cal. Wag-
ner's Minstrels.
In 1879 they joined Hooley and Emerson's great Megatherian Min-
strels ; about 1880 they formed an alliance with Seamon and Somers, and
were known as the "Grotesque Four"; and incidentally this was one of the
greatest "four" acts ever put together.
The quartette opened with Thatcher and R3'man's Minstrels in Phila-
delphia, December 20, 1880, and remained until the closing of the season.
In 1881 the four joined Leavitt's Giganteans for the season.
Early in 1882 the four joined forces with Lester and Allen, and as the
"Funny Six" met with considerable success.
Subsequently the Girard Brothers separated, and Eddie Girard joined
Haverly's Minstrels, continuing with them for several months ; with this
company, in conjunction with Callan, Haley and Callan, they produced
"Down Where the Cotton Grows."
In 1884 with the same organization, Eddie Girard also worked with
the late Charley Seamon.
After this engagement Eddie Girard went to San Francisco, and played
with Charley Reed's Minstrels, after which, in conjunction with Billy Ar-
lington and Harry Wyatt, the late manager of the Mason Opera House, in
Los Angeles, Cal., Arlington, Girard and Wyatt's Minstrels made a brief
tour.
FROM •■ DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 287
This was JMr. Girard's last appearance in black-face.
Subsequently as Gilbert, Donnelly and Girard, and later Donnelly and
Girard, "Natural Gas" played several seasons; this was succeeded by "The
Rainmakers" and "The Geezer."
For several 3-ears past, Mr. Girard and his wife, as Girard and Gardner,
have played successfully in vaudeville.
\\'illie Girard (Maloney), died in New York, September 5, 1892.
Eddie Girard was born in Paterson, N. J., August 28, 1858.
John Daly, one of the best known and most capable dancers of modern
minstrelsy, made his first appearance at St. James Hall, Buffalo, N. Y., doing
a black-face song and dance. August 9, 1878, Mr. Daly became a member
of the Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West Company, and continued with
them until the dissolution of the organization in 1882 ; he then joined the
Thatcher, Primrose and West Company, at their inception, and continued
with them during their existence, seven years.
Mr. Daly next allied himself with the Primrose and West Company,
and remained two seasons.
Season of 1891-92, he was with Cleveland's Minstrels, and for the two
seasons following he cast his fortunes with George Thatcher in the "Tuxedo"
and "Africa" companies.
Mr. Daly then became a real legitimate actor with the "Bowery Girl,"
".Paradise Alley" and "Sis Hopkins" and "A Daughter's Devotion" Com-
pany's, and he also took the regulation trip to vaudeville as Daly and Miss
Paine (Mrs. Daly), and Daly and George Lewis.
Our John was now really sorry, and with tears in his eyes he "saw"
Lew Dockstader ; that gentleman was forgiving, and for six years Mr. Daly
was a fixture with that gentleman's organization, remaining until 1910.
O! yes, in 1898 "John" was with the Haverly Minstrels, and one of the
Big Four — Smith, Waldron, Daly and Martin.
Mr. Daly was born in Buffalo, N. Y., May 14, 1858.
H.\RRY AL\NN (Emanuel Hayman"). brother of Al. Hayman of the theatrical
syndicate, was identified in an executive capacity with Haverly 's Minstrels
in 1878; subsequently he managed the tours of Evans and Hoey for many
seasons, also other prominent organizations. Previous to his death he was
business manager of the Knickerbocker Theatre, New York City.
Harry Mann was born in Wheeling, West Va. ; he died in Saratoga,
N. Y., July II, 1901 ; age about 52 years.
Mark Sullivan, well known for his character impersonations of prominent
actors, and who lately scored a success with Raymond Hitchcock in "The
Man Who Owns Broadway," was a black-face song and dance man with
the Megatherian Minstrels in 1879, and a good one "mark" you.
He was born in Erie, Pa., April 16, 1858.
Clarence Burton (De Witt Norris) had the distinction of being one of the
youngest banjoists and comedians in minstrelsy.
His career began with the Holman Opera Company about 1870, when
he had barely entered his teens. The following year he was in Chicago with
288 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Hooley's Minstrels ; and in December, 1872, he was with Arlington, Cotton
and Kemble's Company in the same city ; he became a member of Wash-
burn's Last Sensation Company in 1873, and a year later he was with Cool
White's Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y.
Subsequently he formed an alliance with John and Lottie Burton, and
they played the principal variety houses for a few years.
Clarence Burton was born in Erie, Pa., about 1857; he died there March
12, 1885:
Thos. Adams, of the well-known black-face musical team of Bunnell and
Adams, was identified with several prominent companies, and played the
principal vaudeville theatres.
He was born in Boston, Mass. ; he died in Little Rock, Ark., March 10,
1893; age 35 years.
Billy Golden (Wm. B. Shire) started theatrically in 1874 with Frank Mer-
ritt as a partner, remaining with him one year. In 1875 he joined Billy
Draiton, and for ten years they appeared in all parts of the United States as
Golden and Draiton.
Jn 1885 with his wife, May Golden, played for several seasons as The
Goldens ; later this alliance was augmented by Dick Schalpan.
Mr. Golden retired in 1900 to enter hotel life in Washington, D. C,
where he remained three years.
September 25, 1904, he joined Joe Hughes as the team of Golden and
Hughes, and as such they are now playing.
Mr. Golden's wench business is genuinely funny, and its worth going
miles to hear him sing "Turkey in the Straw."
Billy Golden was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, June 9, 1858.
J. C. Harrington made his first appearance with Leslie, Raynor and Smith's
Minstrels, at the Temple of Music in San Francisco, 1868; nigger acts?
Why, yes.
Harrington and McGlone (Pete 'Mack), were at Simmons and Slocum's
Minstrels in Philadelphia in 1873 ; to look at J. C. to-day, you'd never believe
it. But I digress. Harrington and McGlone continued as a black-face
song and dance team until about 1877 ; next came Harrington and Cum-
mings for a couple of seasons, and Harrington and Johnson for eight years.
Mr. Harrington then decided to go it alone, and for three years, commenc-
ing about 1891, he was one of the principal comedians of Dockstader's Min-
strels (traveling).
Afterwards he made an extended trip to Europe, where he worked with
Burns, of Blocksom and Burns.
For the past few years Mr. Harrington has been associated with Cohan
and Harris' attractions ; appearing in white-face.
J. C. Harrington was born in Rochester, N. Y., September 8, 1858.
Edw. C. Dobson, the well-known banjoist and banjo instructor, made his
first appearance with the San Francisco Minstrels in New York City, about
1868, meeting with much success in his imitations of the bell chimes.
NED.— HARRIGAN & HART— TONY
(Portraits reversed)
JAMES— ADAMS & LEE— JOHN H.
JAKE— WELBY & PEARL— CHAS.
(Portraits reversed)
jjll.mannixl: lkos.
290 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Other minstrel engagements were with Sam Sanford's traveHng com-
pany, and subsequently with Thatcher, Primrose and West's.
Mr. Dobson spent fifteen years in London and the provinces, appear-
ing in the principal halls.
June 9, 1885, he won the gold medal presented by the Prince of Wales
(the late King) in a competition.
Edward C. Dobson was born in Newburg, N. Y., September 12, 1858.
Wm. E. Hines (Timothy Edwin Hines) made his first appearance as a super
at the Bowery Theatre, New York City, with George L. Fox.
His initial black-face appearance was at Jake Acker's Theatre, Troy,
N. Y., in 1873. Early in his career he had as partners Billy Ginniven and
George Turner. In 1876 he joined Frank Cummings ; the team being known
as Cummings and Hines : they played extended engagements at Harrigan
and Hart's, New York City, and Ben Cotton's Minstrels in Chicago.
January i, 1879 he joined Nat Blossom, the team being known as Hines
and Blossom ; their first engagement was at Montpelier's Theatre, Cleve-
land, Ohio ; subsequently Hines and Blossom and Monumental Quartette
Minstrels — all at one time, and in one theatre ; honest ; ask Bill. After-
wards they were with Cooper and Bailey's Great London Circus.
Hines and Blossom separated, and Hines joined his wife, Daisy Rem-
ington, now known as Earle Remington, whose recent volume of rhymes
have attracted considerable attention, both in and out of the profession ;
this alliance was formed in the Fall of 1881, and has continued ever since.
Mr. Hines claims to have been one of the original "Four Aces" —
Shefifer, Nelson, Turner and Hines, at Deagle's Theatre, St. Louis, 1876; and
in 1887, was one of the "American Four," Pettengill, Gale, Hines and Hoyt;
also Niles, Evans, Cummings and Hines as the "Boss Four."
William E. Hines was born in New York City, July 4, 1858.
Billy Wood (Max Gottlieb). It is generally conceded, that as a black-face
comedian musical moke, Billy W'ood never had a superior; \Vood was funny
when he made his entrance in that long dark brown ulster with padlocks
substituting as buttons ; he was funny when he spoke, and funny in what-
ever he did — and a real musician ; his performance on the "cello" brought
tears to the eyes of his auditors on more than one occasion.
His first appearance was about 1874, when he did a clog with the
Girard Brothers. Wood and Beasley shortly after formed an alliance,
which continued about six years, the act being augmented by the Weston
Brothers, and as Wood, Beasley and the Weston Brothers, they continued
for about five years longer.
In 1885 Wood was treasurer and general performer with Lester and
Allen's Minstrels ; here he met Frank Sheppard, and with the addition of
Fred Bryant (Bryant & Hoey), they formed a trio that continued about up
to the time of the latter's unhappy death : Wood and Sheppard then con-
tinued as partners until the latter's decease, after which he allied himself
with William Bates, and as Wood and Bates they continued for five years.
Owing to partial deafness, Mr. Wood does not play regularly.
William Wood was born in Buda Pesth, Hungary, August 17, 1858,
FROM ■•DADDY- RICE TO DATE. 291
Frank Siieppard (Fash) began his minstrel career about 1SS2 with Loavitt's
Gigantean Minstrels, as a cornettist. In 18S5 he joined Lester and Allen's
Minstrels, here he formed a partnership with Billy Wood. Sheppard was
a superb "straight" man, and a splendid musician; and as Wood said "A
better fellow than Frank Sheppard never lived."
Frank Sheppard died in London, England, December 30, 1899; age
about TiJ years.
Wood and Sheppard began their joint careers in 1885 ; shortly after Fred
Bryant's death they went to London, England, and played an unsuccessful engage-
ment. So far as the writer knows, where the ])erformer is concerned, this was
"the first and only unsuccessful engagement on record." The intelligence is
from the most authoratative source, from Billy Wood himself. Subse-
quently they played five seasons with the Howard Athenaeum Company ;
also successful engagements with Tony Pastor's road show ; Leavittt's Gigan-
tean Minstrels and Thatcher, Primrose and West's Alinstrels, two years,
and in 1895, ^ feature with "Town Topics" Company.
Shortly after this they went to London, and this time success was
theirs, their engagements being extended on several occasions, after which
they wf^re equally successful in the principal cities of Continental Europe.
Dan. E. Lyons entered the profession at the age of twelve years, subse-
quently joining James Leary, and as Lyons and Leary did an entertaining
black-face specialty. They joined Hooley and Emerson's Megatherians in
1879, and in 1882 in conjunction with Kelly and O'Brien, were with Billy
Rice and Hooley's Minstrels as the Megatherian Four.
Lyons and Leary separated about 1886, and i\Ir. Lyons subsequently
appeared with the Ilyde and Behman Company.
He was the author of several prominent songs, among which were
'Cigarette McCarthy," and "It's A Long Lane That Has No Turn."
Daniel E. Lyons died in Boston, Mass., January 3, 1890; age 31 years.
Chas. Gilday entered the profession as a partner of Frank Bennett: subse-
quently forming a "four" act with Charley Seamon, Tom Sommers and Billy
Ginniven.
Later they separated, and he and Ginniven formed an alliance which
continued practically up to the time ]\Ir. Gilday married Fannie Beane,
August I, 1877, ^t Deadwood, Dakota, after which and until his death they
were known as Beane and Gilday.
Charles Gilday was born in Detroit, Mich., about 1859; he died at sea,
September 9, 1889.
R. G. Knowles (Richard George Knowles), the well-known lecturer and
globe trotter, began his professional career at the Olympic Theatre, Chi-
cago, 111., September, 1878, doing a black-face monologue. Subseciucntly
he had as partners at various times, Joe. Morton, (Hardman), Dick Ford,
Ben Collins, Frank Kennedy and Charley Turner.
Mr. Knowles has done more for the benefit of the .American performer
in England than any other one. He enjoys the distinction of having re-
292 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
ceived a larger salary in Europe, than any other male performer doing a
"single" act.
R. G. Knowles was born in Hamilton, Canada, October 7, 1858.
Vic Richards (Harry Veerkamp) found out long ago that he could make
more money as fun-smith than he could as a lock-smith, and forsook the
latter for the former, and at once became a hit-smith.
He first appeared professionally as the "Rube" in Frank Jones' "Si
Perkins" Company.
His debut as a minstrel was with Sol San's Company. Mr. Richards
next allied himself with Dumont's Minstrels in Philadelphia, where he con-
tinued for about twelve years — and that speaks volumes.
In this year of 1910 he has arranged to do a nigger act with Dan Quin-
lan. That's good enough, isn't it?
Vic Richards was born in Philadelphia, July 10, 1858.
Jeff DeAngelis (Thomas Jefiferson D'Angelis), one of America's foremost
light opera comedians, played many black-face parts while in the stock of a
San Francisco Theatre in 1878; but, to be exact, and skip a couple of years
or so; at Bombay, India, June 8, 1881, with the Victoria Loftus Troupe, Mr.
D'Angelis did an end on the first part and sang "Sweet Evalina" zvithont
permission from Hughey Dougherty. Yonkers, N. Y., papers, please copy.
Jeff D'Angelis was born in San Francisco, Cal., about 1859.
John T. Keegan made his first appearance at Hyde and Behman's Theatre
in Brooklyn about thirty years ago, and immediately jumped into the front
ranks of song and dance performers ; his first partner was Connie Lynch,
with whom he did a white-face song and dance ; he remained with Lynch
about two years. Subsequently with Jack Sheehan, Tom Haley and Harry
Talbott, they formed the Four in Hand."
Mr. Keegan was with Leon and Cushman's combination, Thatcher,
Primrose and West, and McNish, Johnson and Slavin's Minstrels.
In August, 1884, with his partner, Billy Wilson, and Hooley and
Thompson, he did a "Four" act with Charley Reed's Standard Minstrels in
San Francisco.
John T. Keegan was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., September 27, 1859,
where he died June i, 1902.
Jerry Cunningham (Isaac Depew), made his first appearance in Albany,
N. Y., doing a dancing turn; this was in 1869; on this auspicious occasion
Jerry picked up $18.00 which was thrown to him on the stage ; but remem-
ber that was 1869; in 1909, he would have had to split 50-50 with the man-
ager, besides "greasing" sundry other officials.
His first minstrel engagement was with Smith and Brown's — sounds
like a job in a hardware store to me, but Jerry says this actually happened
in 1872. Variety engagements single and with Billy O'Day followed until
1879, when he decided to do an old darky turn, imitating Harry Woodson;
incidentally Mr. Cunningham could not have selected a better pattern to
follow.
GEO. THATCHER
GEO. EVANS
JIMMY MACKIN
JOHN
DALY
^ ^
jll
i
'.
h*-
GEO. H. PRIMROSE i.Kii. WILSON
JUST GEORGES, JOHN AND JIM.
294 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
In 1882 he joined Billy Baker in Kansas City, doing a black-face act;
this partnership lasted until 1885.
Mr. Cunningham played character parts in "Oliver Twist," "Streets
of New York," "Ticket of Leave Man" and other plays.
In 1904 he joined Dumont's Minstrels in Philadelphia, where he re-
mained several seasons.
Jerry Cunningham was born in Boston, Mass., September 27, 1859.
Henry E. Dixey (Dixon), America's most versatile actor, did the black-face
act of "Funny Old Gal" in imitation of Billy Ashcroft, in Boston, Mass.,
about 1872.
Mr. Dixey was born in Boston, Mass., January 6, 1859.
E. N. Slocum, famous as an interlocutor, sat on the end with Simmons and
Slocum's Minstrels in Philadelphia, April, 1874.
"Jack" (E. L.) Williams, of the once prominent black-face team of Lester
and Williams, died in New York, July 31, 1901.
C. Edw.\rd Dicken, a well-known interlocutor and singer of the present
generation, who was with Cleveland's Minstrels in 1893, and subsequently
with Vogel's Minstrels, died at La Salle, 111., May 19, 1900.
George Marion, recognized as one of America's most efficient producers and
stage-managers, played the "bone end" with Lew Dockstader's Minstrels
located in New York, in 1888.
George Marion was born in San Francisco, July 16, i860.
Ned Thatcher, for many years prominent as one of the song and dance
team of Thatcher and Hume, and later Thatcher and Adair, separated from
the latter about August i, 1887.
Mr. Thatcher died in W. Superior, Wis., June 14, 1895.
James Pell (McGinty) was for several seasons the partner of Tom Lewis,
whom he joined in a black-face act called the "Hottentot Musketeers" about
1877.
After they separated in the early 8o's, Mr. Pell did sketches with Lily
Wilkinson.
He died at Taunton, Mass., October 16, 1887.
Frank C. Durell (Otto C. Dickman), of the well-known Durell Twin
Brothers, first appeared professionally at the Grand Opera House, Indian-
apolis, Ind., with his brother Ed., doing acrobatic black-face songs and
dances.
Subsequently they played engagements with W. W. Cole's, also Sell's
Brother's Circus. They toured the country for several years playing the
principal variety houses, and were with Pat. Rooney's and other well-known
organizations.
Frank C. Durell died in Indianapolis, Ind., March 25, 1898; age 39
years.
FROM "DADDV RICE TO DATE. 295
HURRAH FOR THE MINSTREL BAND.
Dedicated to Harry Sanderson. Originally sung by Frank Lewis.
There is not a man in the whole Minstrel Band,
Who would ever go back on a friend ;
Tho' dark be his face, yet the black can't efface
The kind deeds which through life him attend.
I hear the trumpet sounding, sounding,
In notes loud and clear through the land —
I list to its voice, and it bids me rejoice ;
Then hurrah for the Minstrel Band !
Then hurrah ! then hurrah !
Then hurrah for the Minstrel band.
I will speak first of one who we loved in the past.
He'd a heart that was noble and brave —
Nelse Seymour, who never refused his last dime,
If he thought you from hunger would save.
I hear his praises sounding, sounding.
In notes loud and clear through the land —
The tall Son of York, he died at his work,
• And the pride of the Minstrel Band !
And the pride ! — and the pride !
And the pride of the Minstrel Band!
Brave Unsworth, he stood like a Minstrel so true!
'Till defeated at last by grim death ;
And Budworth, alas! broke his old banjo string.
Which he loved 'till he parted with breath,
I hear their dirge now sounding, sounding.
In notes loud and clear through the land,
They lived and they died with the boys that they loved,
The dear boys of the Minstrel Band!
The dear boys ! the dear boys !
The dear boys of the Minstrel Band!
But now I must speak of the Prince of them all —
Who is that but our own gallant Dan !
Let every one mourn, for our Chieftain is gone —
Dan Bryant ! the Minstrel and Man !
I hear his praises sounding, sounding.
In notes loud and clear through the land.
He lived and he died, both our glory and pride;
He was King of the Minstrel Band!
He was King! he was King!
He was King of the Alinstrel Band!
Note. — Between February 2 and April 10, 1875, Nelse Seymour, Jim Uns-
worth, Jim Budworth and Dan. Bryant passed away. — .A.UTHOR.
296 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Wilton Lackaye, one of America's foremost actors, played Uncle Tom, in
"Uncle Tom's Cabin," at the Academy of Music, New York, commencing
March 4, 1901. There is no truth in the report that Mr. Lackaye is to head
his own minstrel company next season.
Billy Benson (James Corrigan), who was a clever female impersonator
with various minstrel companies, died in Cincinnati, Ohio, April 29, 1900.
Arthur Christie was an exceptionally clever song and dance performer
and comedian, and one of the Christie Brothers.
He played successful engagements with the minstrel companies of
McNish, Johnson and Slavin's : George Wilson's, Duprez and Benedict's,
and Rice's World's Fair Minstrels in 1890.
Mr. Christie died in New Castle, Pa., April 12, 1899.
Charles Guy, one of the famous Guy Brothers, entered the profession about
1873, cloing a triple song and dance with his brothers George and Willie.
He subsequently became identified with the Guy Brother's Minstrels, and
has continued with them ever since.
Mr. Guy is exceedingly clever as a clown.
He was born in Hoboken, N. J., July 4, i860.
William Gray (his correct front name is "Billy"), prominent for several
years past as playwright and manager, and author of the "Volunteer Organ-
ist," was one of the Glenroy Brothers, a black-face act twenty odd years ago
when they played an engagement with Carncross' Minstrels in Philadelphia.
Tom Lewis (McGuire). One night about ten years ago, Tom Lewis blacked
his face for the last time, and at that precise moment minstrelsy lost one of
it's most brilliant lights and able entertainers. Mr. Lewis is an unctuous
comedian ; and that tells the story.
He made his first appearance professionally with Charley Wilkinson's
"Uncle Tom's; Cabin" in the late 70's with Jimmy Pell ; and as Pell and
Lewis they did a black-face act for several years, with no fears, as the "Hot-
tentot Musketeers." Later, and for two seasons he was one of the Ameri-
can Four.
Mr. Lewis then went into the partnership business, first with Tom
Martin, then Tom LeMack, then Charley Ernest, and finally Sam J. Ryan ;
with all of these he did black-face. Some of his more prominent minstrel
engagements were — George Wilson's ; Cleveland's ; Haverly's in Chicago ;
Carncross', in Philadelphia, and with William H. West's Minstrels, which
was the last, season of 1899-1900.
For the past few years he has been extraordinarily successful in "Little
Johnny Jones" and the "Yankee Prince." As Steve Daly in the latter play,
Mr. Lewis has given to the stage a piece of clever, comedy characterization
that is in a class by itself.
Tom Lewis was born in St. Johns, N. B., May 18, i860.
Herbert Cawthorne, with his brother Joe did a black-face act at the Grand
Central Theatre, Philadelphia, in April, 1876.
Several years later he was again "A Cork Man."
BERT. WILLIAMS.
298 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
D. W. McCabe, well known as one of the proprietors of McCabe and Young's
Minstrels, which toured the country for several seasons, died at Moorcroft,
Wyo., October 20, 1907; age 47 years.
Billy Payne, the well-known banjoist, made his first professional appear-
ance in his native city in 1875, at the St. Charles Theatre, playing for Lotta
to dance in the "Little Marchioness."
Mr. Payne's first minstrel engagement came two years later.
Mr. Payne married in 1881, and as Billy and Alice Payne toured the
variety houses for several seasons ; later he worked alone, and played the vaude-
ville houses.
He joined Dumont's Minstrels in Philadelphia, in 1903, for an extended
engagement, and likewise did meritorious work in white-face, playing a
comedy character part with the "Village Postmaster"; also in black-face
was he partly responsible for the "Redemption of David Corson."
Billy Payne was born in New Orleans, La., July 16, i860.
Chas. K. French (Krauss) made his first professional appearance in his
native city in 1878, with the Sargent-Bailey Stock Company. Subsequently,
as Master Vive Williams, he did a black-face song and dance in the variety
theatres.
Then ca,me French and Palmer for a season in variety ; then French and
Perry Ryan, after which French and Alice Clarke played together for five
. years. Mr. French had by this time attained recognition as a banjoist.
In 1887 he joined (Wm. Henry) Rice, f John) Hart and (Add) Ryman's
Minstrels ; the following season he was with Barlow Brothers and Frost's
Minstrels.
Subsequently he created the part of Uncle Ned in "In Old Kentucky,"
and continued with the company for six seasons.
Other black-face parts were Jim, in "Huckleberry Finn" ; Uncle Joshua,
in "Lender Southern Skies," and with Irene Bentley, in "The Girl From
Dixie."
Then there was some more minstrelsy ; Will Davis' California Min-
strels, in Canada, and Moran and Thomas'. A few years ago Mr. French
"doubled" with "Buck" Sheffer, doing a "darky" turn.
Also did he appear "outside of cork" with several prominent plays,
notably "The Still Alarm"; "Blue Jeans," and with James J. Corbett, in
"Gentleman Jim."
Charles K. French was born in Columbus, Ohio, January 18, i860.
Billy Buckley (Delehanty) was an exceedingly clever black-face comedian,
and played with many first-class minstrels and specialty companies includ-
ing the Rentz-Santley Company in 1881, and the Gigantean Minstrels in
1882.
Early in 1890 he doubled up with Billy Jerome and performed in the
variety theatres.
Mr. Buckley married Lizzie Daly, of the famous Daly family, about
Kebruary, 1882 ; Vinie Daly, the clever dancer, is his daughter.
Billy Buckley died in New York City, January 13, 1894.
FROM "DADDV RICE TO DATE. 299
Boyd and Sarsfield were known as the "Two Solitaries" ; they became part-
ners in the late 70's, and continued until about 1887; as a black-face song and
dance team they were considered good. About two years prior and up to the
death of Boyd, he did an act with Frank Hines and wife; known as Boyd, Miller
and Hines.
Clarence Boyd (Maretta), died in Chicago, 111., May 25, 1889.
Steve Sarsfield, at last reports was in Chicago, an object of pity and
commisseration.
Chas. R. Bugbee, the well-known agent and manager of several minstrel
organizations, began his theatrical career as a member of Woodson and
Allen's Minstrels, about 1881 ; later he was with Haverly"s Minstrels; with this
company he played a cornet solo in the band, and was known as Charles Baxter.
Mr. Bugbee was absent from minstrelsy for two years after the "Bax-
ter" episode, when he was in the mercantile business in Philadelphia; after
this came another two years in the same city as advertising agent of the
Park and Walnut Street Theatres.
Subsequently he was with the Haverly-CIeveland Minstrels; Cleve-
land's, William H. West's and Haverly's (Nankeville's) IMinstrels ; with the
last two he was manager.
Mr. Bugbee was general agent for Charles E. Blaney's attractions for
five years, and for a brief period in the Summer of 1908, was advance agent
for Cohan and Harris' Minstrels.
Charles R. Bugbee was born in Philadelphia, August 8, i860.
Frank Casey, or little Frankie Casey, as he was known in the Fall of 1873
with the Sharpley, Sheridan and Mack Company, was billed as "the best
song and dance artist living."
A few years later he joined Everett Weslyn, and as Weslyn and Casey,
the "Musical Wonders," they played at Carncross and Dixey's Minstrels
in Philadelphia in the Fall of 1877.
Subsequent to the death of ^^'esl}■n, Mr. Casey formed an alliance with
James Adams and Frank Howard, and as Adams, Casey and Howard
they played many prominent minstrel and variety engagements, doing their
comedy musical specialty ; later Mr. Howard retired from the trio, and
Adams and Casev opened with Thatcher, Primrose and West's Minstrels in
July, 1885.
About fifteen years ago Mr. Casey gave a splendid interpretation of
Pepat, the black-face comedy part in "Wang."
At the present time Mr. Casey is said to be doing an act in vaudeville
with Dan Swift.
Chas. A. Mason, the well-known Dutch comedian, formerly Mason and
Mason, also formerly Kelly and I\Iason, was very much a minstrel before
gaining fame as Teutoner.
In 1880 he was with Billy Arlington's Minstrels, and up until 1887 he
played extended engagements with M. T. Skifif's Minstrels, likewise Whit-
more and Clark's.
Charles A. Mason was born in Diierkheim, Bavaria, Germany, July 14
i860.
300 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
J. Arthur Doty (Oakman) was a clever female impersonator, and a bright
writer of sketches, burlesques, etc.
In 1879 he worked with Fred Malcolm doing acts in the variety houses.
September 11, 1886, he began an engagement with Simmons and Slo-
cum's Minstrels in Philadelphia; subsequently, and for about eighteen
months, he did an act with Belle Fairmont.
March 23, 1879 he was announced to marry Eva Belfontaine, a non-
professional of Denver.
J. Arthur Doty died in Detroit, Mich., April 13, 1890.
The three Crimmins Brothers made their first appearance as a team in
1872, although John and Steve had preceded their younger brother in the
profession about two years previous.
They were among the earliest of the three brother acts in minstrelsy,
and their services were eagerly sought after by managers in general.
They were identified with such prominent organizations as Haverly's;
Sam Hague's, Billy Arnold's, California's (Norcross'), and Sweatnam's
Minstrels.
John Crimmins died while with Haverly ; and Steve and Mike did a
double act until about two years prior the death of the latter; Mike then
worked with Emma La Mause, whom he married in 1882 ; subsequently
associating himself with Tom Dunn.
John Crimmins died in Chicago, February 7, 1884; age 26 years.
Steve Crimmins died in Chicago, March 3, 1889.
Mike Crimmins was born in Detroit, Mich.. March 5, 1864; he died in
Peoria, 111., July 8, 1890.
Geo. M. DeVere made his first first appearance at Booth's Theatre, New
York, in 1872, in King Henry V, as a page — now for a new paragraph.
The following year he made his first black-face appearance in the con-
cert of Cook and Nelson's Circus.
From 1874 to 1878 he did a nigger act with Matt McElroy ; 1878-79 he
was associated with Joe. Flynn, of subsequent McGinty fame ; also in black-
face.
When Tommy Devere died, George DeVere took his place with William
Devere, and continued as the Devere Brothers, until the death of the latter in 1882.
Some of the minstrel companies J\Ir. DeVere has been associated with
were — Skiff and Gaylord's, Welch and Barlow's, Andy Leavitt's, Welch and
DeVere's and Bill Friday's — this troupe did not open on the 13th.
Also did he play both white and black face parts in "Ninety and
Nine"; "The Clansman"; "Rudolph's Ambition"; "Captain Barrington";
"When Johnny Comes Marching Home" and many others.
In 1889 he assumed the stage management of the Eden Theatre in Pat-
erson, N. J., and remained ten years ; subsequently was manager of the
Eijou, same city, two years.
Seasons of 1909-10 Mr. DeVere played the black-face comedy part in "The
Traveling Salesman."
George M. DeVere was born in New York City, April 28, i860.
Geo. T. Martin, who was also known as George Trewellyn, began his min-
"BUCK" SHEFFER HARRY BLAKELY
(SHEFFER & BLAKELY.)
WM. H. DELEHANTY
THOS. M. HENGLER
(DELEHANTY & HENGLER.)
BILLY ASHCROFT JOHN W. MORTON
(ASHCROFT & MORTON.)
3oa MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
strel career in Wales, 1874, where he sang in the choir, under Caradoc ; sub-
csequently, and for many years, appearing in concert work.
In 1887 he made his first appearance in the United States, at Great
Falls, Montana. Season of 1888-89 he was with the Bostonian Opera Com-
pany.
Mr. Martin was instrumental in forming the famous Verdi Quartette
of Boston, and was a member of it until 1897; subsequently he appeared on
the Keith circuit.
In October, 1899, he joined the Harry Davis Stock Minstrels in Pitts-
burgh ; the organization was short lived, and Mr. Martin then identified
himself with Primrose and Dockstader Minstrels, and continued with them
until 1901. A concert tour was next; then William H. West's (Ricaby's)
Minstrels in 1903, and Haverly's ( Nankeville's) Minstrels, 1904.
Mr. Martin joined the Al. G. Field forces in 1906, and has been a valu-
able acquisition with that company until November, 1910.
A feature of Mr. Martin's repertoire is the singing of the old Highland
ballads in full Scottish costume. His voice, a pure cultivated tenor, after
thirty-five years' usage, remains as sweet as ever.
George T. Martin was born in Cornwall, England, July 23, i860.
As soon as Lew Dockstader was able to talk, someone asked him how
he liked Hartford, Conn., Capitol, said the future merry minstrel ; this was
his first offence.
The Original American Four were Joe Pettengill, Peter Gale, Peter F.
Dailey and James F. Hoey.
Mr. Pettengill is authority for the statement that the team's initial
appearance was made in New York City, in the Fall of 1879. Originally two
acts, Pettengill and Gale, and Dailey and Hoey, it was at the suggestion of
Jac. Aberle that they combine and do a "four" act ; the title, "American Four,"
was given by Mr. Pettengill in honor of the theatre where they made their
first appearance.
About 1884 they split: Pettengill and Gale coptinued in the "four," and
Hoey played dates. Dailey and Hoey subsequently doubled, and continued
as partners until 1888. Pettengil later did an act for several seasons with
Nat Haines ; of recent years he has been acting in an executive capacity.
Pete Dailey was with Weber and Fields' Company in New York for
several seasons. He was a brother of Robert Dailey, the well-known come-
dian.
Jimmy Hoey did a black-face monologue for several years, and later
worked in white-face ; he was great in black or white. He was the brother
of Old Hoss Hoey. Mr. Hoey is now in retirement.
Jos. Pettengill (Geiger), was born in New York City, January 13, 1854.
Peter H. Gale (Durrigan), died in New York City, July 10, 1891 ; age
36 years.
Peter F. Dailey was born in New York City ; he died in Chicago, 111.,
May 23, 1908.
James F. Hoey was born in New York City, March 10, 1857.
FROM -DADDV RICE TO DATE. 303
Jack Symonds (John P. Salmonde) began his career as a black-face per-
former in his native city in 1879, playing variety engagements until 1885.
Formed a partnership with Joe Hughes at Pensacola, Fla., in 1887, later
this alliance was known as Symonds, Hughes and Rastus ; subsequently
Hughes retiring, Symonds and Rastus joined "The South Before the War,"
remaining four years, after which Symonds and Rastus dissolved partner-
ship.
Mr. Symonds was afterwards identified with William Collier's and other
well-known organizations, and in 1899 a return to the "South Before the
War" Company. Season 1900-01 with Gorton's Alinstrels ; The Flying Jor-
dans Company in 1901, when he toured China and Japan; returning to Amer-
ica, played vaudeville for several seasons, also at Dumont's Minstrels in
Philadelphia.
' Mr. Symonds has been working in white-face for the past seven years.
"Jack" Symonds was born in Portland, Me., May 3, i860.
The Higgins Brothers were well-known song and dance boys, and had been
associated with some of the best minstrel companies, notably Primrose and West's ;
Primrose and Dockstader's, Gorton's, and Lucier's Minstrels.
In 1892 while with the latter company, with La Barre and Mullen, they
formed the Four Electrics.
Jos. Higgins died in Providence, R. I., March 30, 1903.
William Higgins died in Providence, R. I., September 11, 1905.
Dan. Daly, of the great Daly family, brother o^ "Cap" Bill, Tom, Bobby,
Lizzie, Margaret and Lucy Daly, and a great comedian, did a black-face act
with his brother Bobby, Barney Fagan and another, called the "Black Sur-
prise Party," at the Howard Athenaeum in Boston, Mass., week of January
31, 1876.
Dan Daly died in New York, Alarch 26, 1904.
Eddie Manning (Egan) was the protege of Billy Manning, and a comedian
of unusual talent. His first professional appearance was about 1870. About
1880 he joined Haverly's Minstrels, and remained with them practically
until his death. Mr. Manning was born in Columbus, Ohio ; he died there
April 25, 1892 ; age 32 years.
W. L. DocKSTADER (Wm. Lee) is known to vaudevillians and others, far and
wide, as the manager of the Garrick Theatre, Wilmington, Del.
In the late 8o's in conjunction with Charles Dockstader, they traveled
as the Dockstader Brothers, doing a black-face act.
Charles Turner (Trainer) made his first professional appearance with
Sam Price's Minstrels.
About 1874, with his two brothers, he did a black face act in the variety
houses three years. About December, 1877, he formed a partnership with
Charley Gilday.
He was with Haverly's Mastodons ; Rice and Hooley's, also Carncross',
and Dumont's Minstrels in Philadelphia.
In 1896 he formed a partnership with John Murphy, which lasted sev-
304 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
eral years. Outside of minstrelsy, Mr. Turner has been with David Hen-
derson's Extravaganzas, also the "Twelve Temptations."
Charles Turneh was born in New York City, January 20, i860.
Edw. p. Gildea, a song and dance performer, and early partner of Frank
McNish, died in Rochester, N. Y., July 28, 1890.
Tom English is Irish, originally from Great Britain, now of New Britain.
Wonder if he knows Charley Britting, the rotund restaurateur of New York?
Mr. English did a musical act of more than ordinary merit. His first
appearance was as an amateur in Turner Hall, New Britain, Conn., in 1876.
Four years later he made his professional debut with Heywood Brothers' New
York Serenaders.
In 1S81 he joined Hi Henry's Minstrels, where for five years he was one
of the features of that organization.
After two years in the variety houses, Mr. English went to London, and
subsequently most of the principal cities of Continental Euorpe.
Returning to the United States, he joined Hyde's Comedians, Septem-
ber 5, 1892. Mr. English made several trips to Europe after his American
engagement, and likewise met with success in Australia and South Africa.
His last professional appearance was at the Palace, on the Isle of Man,
August, 1902. He is now an old resident of New Britain, Conn.
Tom English was born in Portorlington, Ireland, September 4, i860.
Frank IMcKee, the well-known theatrical magnate, was press agent for
Leavitt's Gigantean Minstrels in 1882.
Arthur Johnson, of the old song and dance team of Harrington and John-
son, is now with Mrs. Johnson's Pickle Company. This is not a farce-
comedv as one might believe, but a permanent organization with headquart-
ers at Richmond, Va. The author hopes to sample those pickles on his next
trip to the Old Dominion capitol.
Charlie Haywood (Wilson B. Howard) was one of the original members
"of the Clipper Quartette, organized in 1879, of which he was the bass singer.
He remained with the quartette about three years.
He was born in 1861, and died at Peak's Island, Me., July 12, 1889.
IMatt McElroy was a banjoist of uncommon ability. He made his first
appearance with Hooley's Minstrels in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1876.
In 1877 he joined George M. DeVere in a double banjo act, and contin-
ued with him two years, after which he worked with Harry Colby, as De-
vere and McElroy.
Subsequently he had various other partners.
In 1886 he married Nellie Mordaunt.
Mr. McElroy was born in Boston, Mass., July 16, 1861 ; he died in Pitts-
burg, Pa., July 6, 1894.
Mark Murphy, the celebrated Celtic comedian, was not always thus. In
the Spring of 1877 he was a member of Sargent's Minstrels in California.
Mr. Murphy was not born in Cork — but knows how to use it.
3o6 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Wm. S. Cleveland for several years held one of the highest positions in the
realms of burn-cork amusements.
It was of him that the late William H. West once said — "that he was
the greatest executive that minstrelsy ever knew." Like several of his con-
temporaries, he began his professional career in an humble capacity in his
native town, and shortly after went away with a circus.
In 1882 Mr. Cleveland was lithographer with Barlow, Wilson, Prim-
rose and West's Minstrels; the three succeeding years he was with the
Gigantean Minstrels ; Barlow, Wilson's Minstrels, Cal. Wagner's Minstrels
and Hallen and Hart's Company.
July 30, 1885, he assumed the management of McNish, Johnson and
Slavin's Minstrels at the' inception of that organization, and continued in
that capacity for two seasons.
July 18, 1887, he became manager for Haverly's Minstrels, and one
year later the famous Haverly-Cleveland Minstrels blossomed forth.
A few years later Mr. Cleveland launched the company that bore his
name, and the trade-mark continued as Cleveland's Minstrels for several
seasons ; at one time there was three or four minstrel companies on the road
under his name.
In August, 1898, in conjunction with George Wilson, he organized the
Cleveland-Wilson Minstrels, a splendid company that had a brief existence.
His next minstrel venture was in Chicago, where on September ?8,
1901, at Steinway Hall, he opened with Cleveland's Minstrels; the season
closed December 21, following. Two years later he returned to Chicago,
and on October 31, 1903, he opened a theatre on Wabash Avenue, giving
drama and vaudeville; the Iroquois fire of December 30 following closed the
theatre.
He re-opened March 5, 1904, with vaudeville and continued until De-
cember ID, at which time he bid adieu to Chicago, theatrically speaking.
In the Spring of 1907 he embarked in the vaudeville agency business in
New York, where he is now located.
William S. Cleveland was born in Chillicothe, Ohio, about 1861.
Ed. Rosenbaum, the well-known manager, was press agent for Cal. Wag-
ner's Minstrels, commencing about December i, 1873; and not only that,
but on April 8, 1881, at Hartford, Conn., in the American Theatre, sang
"Old Black Joe." In black-face? Well, certainly not green.
Joe Hart (Boudinot), now rated as one of the foremost vaudeville pro-
ducers, but recently as one of the firm of Hallen and Hart, was a good black-
face performer more than thirty years ago.
For instance, January 24, 1880, at the Bowery Garden Theatre, New
York, Mr. Hart was doing a song and dance called "My Little Treasure."
Also on the same bill appearing with Charles Allen, as Allen and Hart
in a musical act.
August 16, 1886, Mr. Hart joined Charley Reed with the Chicago Min-
strels, in that city.
September 11, same year, he opened with Simmons and Slocum's Min-
strels in Philadelphia, where he met with conspicuous success with his banjo
solos.
Joe Hart was born in Boston, Mass., about 1861.
FROM ••DADDY- RICE TO DATE. 307
Nat. Haines (Wm. Vincent Frazee). And now comes Nat. You know
Nat, do you not? Well, here's the story of his life. He made his first ap-
pearance "acting up" at Dramatic Hall in his native city, in 1875, doing an
acrobatic "Essence."
In February, 1876. he went to Harry IlilTs, also Xew York, wiiere
many a prominent performer of to-day received some of their best school-
ing; Mr. Haines hibernated at Hill's for one year at $2.00 per — not year, but
night.
In 1877 he played his first minstrel engagement with W'hitmore and
Clark's Compan}', and continued throughout the season. The next two
years Haines was with Haverly, after which he rounded out a season with
I. W. r.aird's Minstrels.
Mr. Haines ne.xt "doubled" with Bob Richmond, and later with Hap
Ward and Jim Brevarde they formed the Four Diamonds ; this act was a
glittering success, and like all good diamonds, was worth the money.
Haines and Vidocq formed a partnership in J884, and continued three
years, after which Mr. Haines was one of the "American Four" for two
seasons. In 1889 he again joined Vidocq., and were together two years.
In 1891 he formed an alliance with Joe. Pettergill, and as Haines antl Pet-
tergill they played all the principal vaudeville houses for seven seasons.
The famous "Pool Room" act performed by this duo, was one of the funniest
skits ever seen.
Mr. Haines again rejoined Vidocq, and continued with him until 1904,
after which he performed a black-face monologue for several seasons with
flattering success.
About a year ago Haines and Vidocq for the fouth time united, and
are at present together.
Nat. Haines is unique in his particular line; always original and spon-
taneously funny.
He was the first performer that conceived the idea of "planting" a
hatchet in the head ; since extensively copied.
Nat Haines was born in New York City, June 16, 1861.
Tom M.\rtin, a well-known black-face performer, entered the profession at
an early age, and at various times had as partners Johnny Ray and Tom
Lewis.
He had been stage manager at Pastor's Theatre in New York about
five years prior to his death. His last appearance was made there.
He was born in Boston, Mass., in 1861 ; he died in Brooklyn, N. Y.,
July 3, 1901.
John E. Kellerd, one of our leading actors, played "Uncle Tom" at the
Academy of Music, New York City, for several weeks, commencing March
18, 1901.
Mr. Kellered was born in London, England, May 14, 1861.
Larry Dooley was a genuine comedian, and although he looked funny be-
cause of his excessive avoirdupois, he was nevertheless legitimately humor-
ous.
At the immature age of 17, he enjoyed a local reputation as a song and
3o8 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
dance performer in Galveston, Texas, where he had been for several years.
He first appeared professionally at the Comique, in the above city, about
1874 with Barry Maxwell.
A few years later he formed an alliance with James Ten Brooke, doing
a black-face act. He continued with the latter a few seasons, and then
formed a partnership with Ed. Sheehan, which lasted a year.
Subsequently he played a long engagement with Carncross' Minstrels
in Philadelphia; other prominent organizations were Moore and Burgess in
London, England ; Primrose and West, and Primrose and Dockstader's Min-
strels.
About fifteen years ago he created a black-face comedy part with Hal-
len and Hart in "The Idea."
Later he played in white-face with the "Volunteer Organist," in which
he was equally successful.
About 1898, he rejoined Ten Brooke with Primrose and Dockstader,
when they renewed former successes.
Mr. Dooley was one of the greatest singing comedians in minstrelsy.
Larry Dooley was born in Harrisburg, Tex., January 19, 1861 ; he died
in Galveston, Tex., July 30, 1904.
W. W. Black, the well-known basso who achieved prominence in such pro-
ductions as "Isle of Champagne"; "Jack and the Bean Stalk"; also with
Lillian Russell, Donnelly and Girard and other noted stars, early commanded
the attention of the late Col. Mapleson, who desired to send Mr. Black
abroad to have his voice cultured. Before this period, however, he had a
thorough schooling in that best of all institutions, minstrelsy.
]\Ir. Black was a member of Austin and Weir's Minstrels in the late 70's ;
subsequently he was associated with Simmons and Slocum's Minstrels and
Simmons and Rankin's Minstrels ; likewise he was with McNish, Johnson
and Slavin's Minstrels in 1885-86-87; this was his last appearance in black-
face.
W. W. Black was born in Irvington, N. Y., August 10, 1861.
Wm. G. Newman, the popular manager of the Garrick Theatre, New York
City was billed as the "infant wonder," singing a ballad at Sam Hague's Min-
strels in Liverpool, England, July 13, 1874.
Mr. Newman was born at sea, March 24, 1861.
George Hallen (Smith), a brother of Fred Hallen, and of the black-face
team of McAvoy and Hallen, was born in Ogdensburg, N. Y., November 14,
1861 ; he died in Denver, Colo., November 27, 1888.
John E. Cain is one of the cleverest delineators of the negro character
before the public, and it is a distinct loss to minstrelsy that some such organ-
ization does not have him on their roster.
His first stage appearance was at the Apollo Theatre, St. Louis, Mo., in
September, 1874, with the Future City Minstrels, an amateur organization.
Two years later he professionalized himself by joining Johnson's Dixie Min-
strels.
In the Fall of 1876 he joined hands with Billy Wolf, doing a double
WM. EWERS
DICK. ESCOTT
CHAS. C. PALMER
"SLIM JIM" nUKELAN
CHAS. F. WARNER
FRANK MEYERING
PROMINENT MUSICIANS OF MINSTRELSY.
3IO MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Irish and Dutcli specialty. Mr. Cain subsequently returned to his first love,
and did the old-time act of changing from white to black, which he did in ten
seconds.
June 3, 1883, Mr. Cain opened at the Bella Union Theatre in San Fran-
cisco ; his success was so pronounced that he remained one year ; ultimately
he remained on the coast for ten years, playing legitimate and variety
houses, including engagements with Oliver Doud Byron, with whom he-
played principal comedy roles.
Mr. Cain was promoter and builder of the Powell Street Theatre in the
big coast city, which opened December 15, 1890. He next engaged as come-
dian with the C. D. Hess Grand Opera Company. In 1891 he joined hands
with Harry Orndorf, and as Cain and Orndorf they did an old-time "nigger"
act that was simply great ; Mr. Cain, of course, doing the black-face part.
They continued as a team for several years.
Subsequently he became identified with the Rice and Barton Company,
with whom he has mostly since been identified.
Mr. Cain is happily married to Blanche Newcomb, the youngest daugh-
ter of the famous minstrel.
John E. Cain was born in St. I^ouis, Mo., August 20, 1862.
Jennie Ye.\mans, the famous daughter of a famous mother (Mrs. Annie
Yeamans) played Topsy in "Uncle Tom's Cabin" in New York, October 20, i870-
Miss Yeamans was born in Sydney, New South Wales, October 16, 1862 ;
she died in New York, November 28, 1906.
Bob Carmichael was well-known as an able and popular minstrel leader.
In the Summer of 1886 he was with Haverly's Minstrels, and in the Fall of
the same year he joined "Nobody's Claim" Company ; the following season
he was with Sweatnam, Rice and F"agan's Minstrels, and in 1888 with John-
son and Slavin's Minstrels. Subsequently he was associated with Primrose
and West's ; his last engagement was with Harry Davis' Minstrels in Pitts-
burg, Pa., commencing October 9, 1899.
Bob Carmichael was born in Salem, N. C, where he died November 27,
1899; age 32 years.
Eddie Marks (Peter E. Kenny), famous as one of the team of Griffin and
Marks, whose "Silence and Fun" act is well remembered, played with his
partner in all the principal variety halls of Europe, as well as engagements
vvith Thatcher, Primrose* alti'd West's ; Haverly's, Gorton's and other well-
known minstrel organizations.
He had been in the profession about twenty-five years.
Eddie Marks died in Jersey City, N. J., December 28, 1898; age 36 years.
Jas. B. Gentry whose performance as the rube sherifif in "Hoss and Hoss"
is yet remembered, began his career about 1881, at Yorktown, Va., doing
a black-face song and dance with George Leslie ; they continued as partners
for one year.
About 1883 with Jack Noon he formed an alliance, and for one and a
half years they played principal variety houses, doing black-face songs and
dances. Another year and a half with Charles Johnson ended Mr. Gentry's
FROM "DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 311
black-face career, since which time he has devoted his talents to characteri-
zations which have placed him on a high place in his profession.
James B. Gentry was born in Richmond, Va., October 8, 1862.
Jas. B. Bradley, well and favorably known as one of the best lyric tenors
in present-day minstrelsy, began his professional career in 1884 at Memphis,
Tenn., with the Ford Opera Company, in the chorus; following this came
an engagement of five years with "The Hustler."
His first minstrel engagement was with Barney Pagan's Minstrels; sub-
sequently he was with such well-known companies as Al. G. Field's; Prim-
rose and Dockstader's ; Dockstader and Cleveland's (Chicago, 1901).
Mr. Bradley has been quite successful with a tabloid minstrel company
in vaudeville.
James B. Bradley was born in Charleston, S. C, November 9, 1862.
Lew Sully (Chas. Sullivan) began "cutting up" in theatres at Omaha, Neb.,
about thirty years ago ; after he learned all about Omaha, he went across
the river to Council Bluffs, Iowa, and engaged as stock comedian.
]\Ir. Sully's first minstrel experience was with the Beach and Bowers
Company, and it sure was an experience. His salary was to be $15.00 per
week and "cakes" if he was good. While he really went bad in Dixon, 111.,
he stood on the streets and told the population how good he was.
Mr. Sully candidly admits that at that period he was a profound drinker;
subsequently he became a profound thinker. Later he played successful min-
strel engagements with Al. G. Field's : Primrose and West's ; Primrose and
Dockstader's; Wm. H. West's, and Dumont's Minstrels. Also did he spend
a period of five years intermittently with Carncross' Minstrels in Philadel-
phia, and a season with Haverly's Company.
Mr. Sully is the author of "Hesitate, Mr. Nigger, Hesitate"; "I Don't
Love Nobody," and other well-known songs.
Lew. Sully was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., March 28, 1862.
Franz Vetta (Louis R. Newmayer), the famous operatic bass singer, was
also known as Frank Wetter in minstrelsy.
He first appeared with Geo. Thatcher's Minstrels in Philadelphia about
1881 ; subsequently he played engagements with Haverly, and the Standard
Minstrels in San Francisco.
He was the husband of Lizzie MacNichol, the well-known opera singer.
Franz Vetta was born in Camden, N. J., in 1862 ; he died in Riverside,
Cal., July 15, 1892.
Geo. W. Cunningham made his first professional appearance with Tommy
Curran, as Cunningham and Curran, at Fraley's Garden. Jefifersonville, Ind.,
in March, 1875, doing a black-face act ; subsequently he formed an alliance
with Ed. Talbott. In i8go Mr. Cunningham and Ed. E. Grant became part-
ners in one of the most amusing black-face acts on the vaudeville stage ; for
four years as "The Brutal Brothers" they played the best variety houses and
combinations.
Cunningham and Grant dissolved partnership in 1894, after which Mrs.
312 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Cunningham (Geneva Smith) and ]\Ir. Cunningham did a white-face act for
several seasons.
July 20, 1908, the new firm of Geo. W. Cunningham and Herman ]\Iarion
was born, and at two years of age is doing splendidly.
George W. Cunningham was born in Brookville, Ind., May 18, 1863.
Billy Pearl (Jacob Allgier) was known from one end of the country to the
other as one of the team of Marion and Pearl.
Mr. Pearl's first partner was Burt Marion, now of the team of Marion
and Dean ; subsequently he formed an alliance with Herman Marion, now
of Cunningham and Marion. Mr. Pearl had been associated with Vogel's ;
Cleveland-Wilson's; Haverly's (Nankeville's) ; Primrose and Dockstader's,
and other first-class minstrel organizations, including Marion and Pearl's
Minstrels.
Billy Pearl was born in New York, November 2y, 1863 ; he died at Pater-
son, N. J., June 24, 1908.
Billy Van (Van Name), famed far and wide as one of the most unique
monologuists, began his professional career at Jelif. Staley's in Jeffersonville,
Ind., doing a black-face song and dance, about thirty years ago.
Subsequently he doubled with Billy Bitt, a midget, and did a break-neck
song and dance, and later was of the team of Van, DeVaney, Haley and
Flynn. Following this he did a musical act with May Wilson for five years.
Mr. Van's next partner was Bob Turner, also in a musical act. Separat-
ing from Mr. Turner, he joined Haverly's Minstrels.
Subsequent minstrel engagements were with Al. G. Field's ; Gorman
Bros.; Primrose and West's; Haverly's (Nankeville), and Wm. H. West's
(Ricaby).
He also played feature engagements with Hopkins' "Transatlantiques,"
Fulgora's, and Sandow's Vaudeville Company, of which he was manager.
About 1895 he toured with Billy Van's Minstrels.
Billy Van was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, November 25, 1862.
James Cook, of t^e favorite vaudeville duo of Cook and Lorenz, did a black-
face act with Mort. Emerson, in Barlow, Wilson and Rankin's Minstrels,
about 1885.
Besides being a good Cook ; he can sing and dance and tell comical
stories. Fact.
John W. Vogel is the most prominent of non-playing minstrel managers
of to-day.
In 1901, after the death of Col. Haverly, Mr. Vogel assumed the title of
"Minstrel King," by which he has subsequently been known. Like so many
successful minstrel executives, Mr. Vogel's earliest training was with the
circus ; his first experience was with Sells Bros.' "Millionaire Confederation
of Stupendous Shows" ; this was in March, 1882. In the Fall of that year
he joined Thatcher, Primrose and West's Minstrels at Cleveland, Ohio, as
assistant agent ; Mr. Vogel's executive abilities showed to such advantage
that he was subsequently made manager of the organization. Afterwards
he piloted successfully such well-known minstrel companies as McNish,
ARTHUR MORELAND
FRA^TK DUMONT
JOS. M. NoRCROSS
HARRY M. MORSE
WM. H. HALLETT
(Scherer Studio, New York City)
VAUGHN COMFORT
"MORE MEN OF THE MIDDLE."
314 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Johiison and Slavin's ; JMcNish, Ramza and Arno's ; Primrose and West's and
Mclntyre and Heath's.
He also owned and managed Vogel's Afro-American ]\Iastodon Min-
strels, and "Darkest America." The present year of 1910 is the fourteenth
season of John W. Vogel's Big City Minstrels. He likewise managed the
Al. G. Fields' Minstrels for seven years.
Mr. Vogel's success is attested by his elegant Summer residence at
Vogel's Beach, Buckeye Lake, Ohio, and a Winter home in Columbus, Ohio.
John W. Vogel was born in Chillicothe, Ohio, May 16, 1863.
Geo. W. Lewis is a dancer, is a producer and likewise an innovator; and
there you have it all.
Mr. Lewis made his first appearance with the L W. Baird's Minstrels,
season of 1881-82; he was 25 per cent, of the "Midget 4"; the Whippier
Twins and Stone constituting the other three quarters.
From 1882 until 1883 he was a member of the Barlow, Wilson Minstrels ;
the next year he was with the Haverly troupe, followed by a season in the
variety houses with the aforementioned Stone.
Mclntyre and Heath's Minstrels followed the separation of Lewis and
Stone, and in January, 1886, he transferred his allegiance to Wilson and Ran-
kin's Minstrels ; at the end of the season he joined Thatcher, Primrose and
West's Company, and continued with them two seasons.
Subsequently he was associated with Geo. Thatcher's various companies
for a period of four years. After this Mr. Lewis entered vaudeville and con-
tinued in it for several seasons, but returned to his old love in 1897, when
he -went with Primrose and West's' Minstrels. The associations were so
pleasant that the following year he joined Jack Haverly in his last minsrel
venture.
In the Spring of 1900 Mr. Lewis was with Primrose and Dockstader's
big minstrel show under canvas ; here he produced the various dances and
marches.
Subsequently he was w^ith "Simple Simon Simple" playing a "Rube"
character ; and with other well-known companies where cork was not used —
except after the show. Mr. Lewis was with the Cohan and Harris Minstrels
at their inception in July, 1908.
He is now in vaudeville, and ma}' go to Pottsville.
George W. Lewis was born in Easton, Pa., August 28, 1863.
THE ORIGIN OF "DIXIE."
At various times the authorship of this immortal melody has been at-
tributed to various authors, but many years have passed since it was con-
ceded that Daniel Decatur Emmett, one of the members of the original min-
strel organization, was its legitimate sponsor.
Conflicting dates have been given as to when it was first produced.
Here is the only true version that was ever published :
"At the request of either Dan or Jerry Bryant, on the tenth day of
September, 1859, Dan Emmett was asked to write a 'Walk Around' for Bry-
ant's Minstrels, then located in New York City, at Mechanic's Hall, 472
Broadway. The next day (Sunday) it was put together, and the following
FROM -D.IDDV K!CE TO DATE. 315
ni'-lit, September 12, 1859, "I Wish I Was in Dixie.' was sang for the first
time on any stage.
A reproduction of the programme is shown elsewhere.
This is absolutely the first time the proper date has been furnished.
Joe Hughes (Sovey) was raised in St. Louis, Mo., where he entered the
profession as an amateur, doing a black-face single turn in 1882 : as partners
he had in turn a schoolmate whose name was Chamberlain, and later Billy
Gray, playing his first engagement at Ninth and Pine Streets, St. Louis, for
Howard and Alton, here taking the name of Hughes; subsequent partners
were Billy Hart and Tom Glenn. In 1887 he doubled with Jack Symonds,
and a year later a clever colored boy, known as "Rastus," who was quite a
dancer, was taken into the act ; together they played all the principal variety
houses as Symonds, Hughes and Rastus; their minstrel engagements were
with Goodyear, Elitch and Schilling's; Haverly's ; Carncross', and Lew Dock-
stader's ; the trio separated in Philadelphia in July, 1895. Mr. Hughes then
worked single for a year, and in 1896 he joined Frank Riley, an excellent old
darky impersonator; as Riley and Hughes they remained a team for seven
years ; then one year with Jack Hallen. and on September 24, 1907, and ever
since the firm has been known as Golden and Plughes.
Mr. Hughes has a rich dialect, which he knows exactly how to use.
Joe Hughes was born in Chicago, 111., ]\Iarch 21, 1863.
Frank V. Chase formed a partnership with Dan Swift about 1881, and
made their first appearance at the Front Street Theatre, Baltimore, ]\Id.,
doing a black-face musical act — and an exceptionally good one.
They played engagements with Johnson and Slavin's, Primrose and
W^est's, and the Cleveland-Wilson Minstrels; they were with the latter in
August, 1898.
Frank V. Chase was born in Baltimore; he died there February 11,
1899; age 36 years.
Andrew Mack fWm. A. Mc.^Ioonl, the favorite Irish singing comedian and
actor, joined Thatcher and Ryman's Minstrels in Philadelphia December 27,
1880. and as Master Will Le Mack, singing "A Violet From Mother's
Grave," met with phenomenal success.
Other minstrel engagements followed, notably Cushman and Leon's,
1883 ; Haverly's, same year, and Barlow, Wilson and Rankin's, about 1885.
Mr. Mack was married December 2, 1887; and since then.
Andrew Mack was born in Boston, Mass., about 1863.
Louis Baldwin, a well-known black-face comedian, who with J. Arthur
Coburn formed the musical team of Coburn and Baldwin, began his stage
career in his boyhood days, and played with well-known minstrel organiza-
tions.
His last appearance was with the Barlow Minstrels, under the man-
agement of Mr. Coburn.
Louis Baldwin died at Bloomington, 111., January 9, 1903; age 40 years.
Chas. Sharpley, the junior member of the Three Sharpley's, was an ex-
3i6 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
ceptionally clever musician, and gave promise of a brilliant future when
death intervened.
He died in New York City, December 29, 1879; age 16 years.
Dan Allmon, "one of the younger generation of black-face performers, was
prominent with Cleveland's Minstrels in the middle 90's ; as an end man and
monologuist he was first-class. His last appearance was with Nankeville's
Haverly JMinstrels.
Dan Allmon died at Vancouver, B. C, November 2, 1901 ; age 38 years.
Dan Quinlan (Daniel Cullinan) worked in his native city for several years
in the rolling mills, and kept on rolling until he got his first professional
engagement as property man with the Barlow, Wilson Minstrels in if^83.
From this humble beginning Mr. Quinlan rose successively and successfully
to the positions of stage manager, interlocutor, manager and finally propri-
etor. He was identified with such prominent minstrel organizations as Mc-
Nish, Johnson and Slavin's ; Sweatnam, Rice and Pagan's ; McNish, Ramza
and Arno's ; Geo. Wilson's ; Billy Van's, and Primrose and West's Monte
Carlo Company, in which Geo. Wilson was starred. He was for six years
with Al. G. Field's Minstrels, serving in the capacity of interlocutor, stage
manager and manager. Early in the present century Mr. Quinlan organized
the Quinlan and Wall's Imperial Minstrels, of which he was the proprietor,
and conducted for several seasons.
Mr. Quinlan's first appearance in the "middle" was with Sweatnam,
Rice and Fagan's Minstrels at Philadelphia, about 1888 ; subsequently he
broke away from the conventional style of the interlocutor, and instead of
keeping his seat during conversations, he would walk about, to and fro on
the stage, leaving it entirely at occasional intervals ; this was a unique
departure, and was apparently well liked.
He likewise produced some original first parts, notably "A Reception to
the Diplomatic Legion," "A Day and Night at the Pan-American Exposi-
tion" and "International Military Bivouac."
Mr. Quinlan played vaudeville with Keller Mack, with whom he was
associted since January 16, 1905. August, 1910, he formed an alliance with
Vic. Richards.
Dan Quinlan was born at Elmira, N. Y., April 21, 1863.
Otis Skinner, the representative romantic and Shakespearian actor, during
the week of February 18, 1878, at the Philadelphia Museum, played Jerry
Blackburn in Frank I. Frayne's production of "Si Slocum." There is a sus-
picion that this was not Mr. Skinner's only appearance in black-face.
Tom Le Mack (]\IcAloon), well known as a comedian and dancer, as well
as the composer of such songs as "Phoebe," "Little Johnny Dugan" and
"The Wedding of the Lily and the Rose," made his first appearance in min-
strelsy at Heuck's Opera House, Cincinnati, March 18, 1885, with Haverly's
Mastodons.
Subsequently he appeared with Thatcher, Primrose and W'est's Min-
strels and other well-known companies.
About fifteen years ago Mr. LeMack formed a partnership with Tom
JNO. F. FIELDS FRANK HANSON
(THE ORIGINAL FIELDS & HANSON.)
CHAS. REYNOLDS GEO. REYNOLDS
(REYNOLDS BROS.)
0
5W?s
y^.0
EVERETT WESLYN FRANK CASEY
(WESLYN& CASEY.)
3i8 MOXARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Lewis ; they played vaudeville engagements, and a season with Donnelly
and Girard in "The Rainmakers."
Mr. LeMack was a brother of Andrew Mack, the famed singing Irish
comedian.
Tom LeMack was born in Boston ; he died in New York City, February
26, 1899; age about 35 years.
Richard F. Carroll, the well-known comedian, and a son of the famous
R. M. Carroll, was a member of the great "Carroll Family" for several years
in the 70's, during which time he frequently appeared in black-face.
Mr. Carroll was born in Boston, Mass., October 27, 1864.
Sam Bernard (Barnett), the favorite German musical star, was not always
an assassin of the King's English — not he. Away back during the season of
1883-84 at the Museum in Providence, R. L, he played the wench part in
"The Fellow That Looks Like Me," and played it so artistically that he
received an offer of marriage from Henry White, a colored citizen of Provi-
dence, who thought Mr. Bernard was a real darky lady. Honest.
J.' Harvey Briggs, a well-known singer, and composer of "Dear Old Stars
and Stripes," began his career with Robinson's Circus while yet a boy ; sub-
sequently he was with the Barlow Minstrels for a season, and later joined
the Gorton's Minstrels, with whom he continued for five years.
Mr. Briggs was married to Marguerite Eleanor, an actress.
J. Harvey Briggs was born at Huntington, W. Va. ; he died in New
York City, March 30, 1904; age 40 years.
Sam Lee is from the South ; so there's nothing extraordinary in the fact
that he is a good black-face performer, which no one disputes.
His first professional appearance was in 1883, with King, Burke and
Company's Circus ; 'Sir. Lee played in the band, which recalls the additional
fact that he is a skilled musician.
After the circus came variety houses, where he first put on cork ; this
was in 1884.
Mr. Lee's minstrel career began in 1885 as a member of L W. Baird's
Company ; he continued with them for two seasons. The following year he
joined the Goodyear, Cook and Dillon's Minstrel Company.
At Andover, N. Y., July 26, 1889, he allied himself with Gorton's Min-
strels, and remained with that organization twenty years.
The season of 1909-10 Mr. Lee was with the Cohan and Harris Com-
pany, where he made a conspicuous success ; his playing of the "bad nigger"
in the afterpiece of that company was a clever bit of acting.
Mr. Lee, while with the Gorton Minstrels, was associated with the late
Joseph Gorton, Jr., for nine years in a musical act.
Sam Lee was born in Lexington, Ky., November 24, 1864.
Tommy Donnelly, or Thos. H. Donnelly if you want it all, is a comedian-
no one ever said he wasn't.
He made his first appearance with Heywood Bros.' Mastodon Minstrels
at Athol, Mass., in 1885 ; it was Donnelly and Markham then.
FROM "DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 319
The next season he joined Hi Henry's Minstrels, and subsequently
appeared with such well-known organizations as George Wilson's ; McXish,
Johnson and Slavin's ; Carncross', in Philadelphia ; Al. G. Field's, and Don-
nelly and Hatfield's Minstrels.
Tommy Donnelly was born in Springfield, Mass., May 10, 1864.
Al. Cameron, formerly known as Alex Cameron, a prominent singer of
latter-day minstrelsy, made his first appearance as a Madrigal Boy in Hav-
erly's Minstrels in 1888; subsequently lie joined the Gorman Bros.' Minstrels,
remaining with that organization for six years.
Mr. Cameron afterwards was identified with Primrose and West's Min-
strels for seven seasons, also with the Al. G. Field's Minstrels.
Al. Cameron was born at Grenoch, Scotland, October 21, 1864.
Geo. W. Day. When a man can be a member of a prominent minstrel or-
ganization for a whole season without the knowledge of the proprietor of
said organization, that man must have talents that are nothing short of
abnormal. Such a man is Geo. \V. Day, or such a man he was in 1892, when
appearing before Leopold Fuenkenstein at the Central Opera House, New
York City, told that gentleman in response to the question as to whom he
had been with the previous season, Mr. Day says he joined Al. G. Field's
without a moment's hesitation ; he might have also added "without a mo-
ment's salary."
Such was the beginning of the black-face career of Geo. W. Day, which
has been devoted mostly to vaudeville, though light operas through the me-
diums of "The Pirates of Penzance" and "The Mascotte" saw him ; he also
appeared in "The Finish of Mr. Fresh" and "The Wooing of Mrs. Van Cott."
Mr. Day's effusions are always given in neat, straight make-up, which
has a tendency to enhance their value.
Geo. W. Day was born July 29, 1864; that's the very day.
Al. Reeves is one of the greatest living examples of the "13" hoodoo killer.
Right off the reel he started the thing going by getting born at No. 13
Catharine Street ; and there's lots more to come : but all in good time.
j\Ir. Reeves' career started at Bunnell's Museum and Theatre in Brook-
lyn, N. Y., about 1878; later he worked for Bunnell at Coney Island, N. Y.,
twelve shows a day, seven shows a week, receiving the princely sum of 176-7
cents a performance.
His debut as a minstrel was with the Healy and Bigelow Company,
where he did an act with the late Tommy Mott.
Mr. Reeves then spent several seasons with real shows, and later a year
at Carncross' IMinstrels, in Philadelphia.
Then came Al. Reeves' Specialty Company, and then the hoodoo. Mr.
Reeves took over the Criterion Theatre in Brooklyn with the avowed inten-
tion of running burlesque companies within its portals. The intention was
good, but at that time the "boss of the banjo" wasn't aware that the house
was in its thirteenth season, nor that he was its thirteenth manager ; he
found this all out at the end oi thirteen weeks, when he gave up the man-
agement ; the thirteen who had purchased tickets had their thirteen half dol-
lars refunded.
320 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Nothing daunted, Mr. Reeves and his Big Beauty Show started on its
way, and success has been his ; so "give him credit, boys."
Al. Reeves was born in New York, May 30, 1864.
Eugene Str.vtton (Ruhlman), who is at the present time one of the most
pronounced favorites in England of any man that ever blacked his face,
began his stage career about 187S as one of the Four Arnold Brothers.
On the 2ist day of October, that year, he opened at Chicago with Hav-
erly's Original Mastodon Minstrels. He was a member of that company
when they opened at the Drury Lane Theatre, London, England, July 31,
1880.
Shortly after this event he went to Moore and Burgess' Minstrels in
the same city, where he remained about ten years.
In addition to being a good song and dance man, he also developed into
a fine comedian.
Eugene Stratton was born in Bufifalo, N. Y., about 1864.
Maclyn Abruckle, the comedian, who may one day play Falstafif, was a
member of the "Lambs' " Minstrels at the Metropolitan Opera House, New
York, May 31, 1909.
The story that Mr. Arbuckle had blacked nearly his whole anatomy
before the veteran minstrel, Raymond Hitchcock, intervened and told Ar-
buckle that only the face, neck and chest needed the burnt cork, is a fabri-
cation, pure and simple.
Albert Guy has long been a member of the Guy Brothers Minstrels, where
hi? superb baritone voice is heard to excellent advantage. As an interlocutor
he ranks high.
Mr. Guy has been associated with his brothers professionally practically
his entire career.
He was born in New York, January 7, 1865.
Ch.\s. T- Stine, the well-known capable character comedian, whose efforts
in some of the more prominent productions have brought him the prominence
he deserves, made his initial bow as a performer as a member of J. N. Gil-
bert's ]\Iinstrels — we all know Charley Stine, but — "has anybody here seen
Gilbert?" This occurred at Ridott, 111., in 1878; later Mr. Stine did shine as
one of the stars of Horace Herbert's Grand Constellation. Things were
"Nip and Tuck" for a season, then he "troubadoured," and then joined Good-
year, Cook and Dillon's Minstrels.
After several farcical afifairs, Mr. Stine allied himself with George That-
cher's "Tuxedo" and "Africa" companies.
About 1893 he married Ollie Evans, and as Stine and Evans played
vaudeville in this and foreign climes for several seasons.
In 1901 he once again "blacked up" with Dick Jose's Minstrels in San
Francisco.
Mrs. Stine died in January, 1908; subsequently Mr. Stine married Miss
Barbara Daub, a non-professional lady, February 24, 1910.
Mr. Stine's most recent engagements were with Joe Weber's Company
and Max Rogers, of the Rogers Brothers, in "The Young Turk."
Charles J. Stine was born in Freeport, 111., August 19, 1864.
ANDY McKEE STEVIE ROGERS
(McKEE & ROGERS.)
GEO. W. CUNNINGHAM
HERMAN MARION
(CUNNINGHAM & MARION.)
BILLY CHACE LEW. DAVIS
(CHACE & DAVIS.)
32.2 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Chas. K. Harris, the famous author of the famous song "After the Ball."
and other famous successes, did a black-face banjo act for the Elk's Minstrels
in Milwaukee, Wis., about 1898. Mr. Harris was born in Poughkeepsie,
N. Y., May i, 1864.
Arthur Dunn, the abbreviated comedian of many a- lengthy musical suc-
cess, was a black-face song and dance boy with Haverly's Minstrels in 1881.
But that was not the only black-face work that Arthur Dunn.
Mr. Dunn was twenty-three years old, February 23, — 1887.
Stuart Barnes, the well-known monologist, was formerly a black-face per-
former. Billed as the "Kings of Ethiopian Comedy," in a plantation act called
"Fish Heads," Mr. Barnes and his partner played an engagement at the
Harlem Museum, New York City, week commencing September 28, 1891.
Be it understood that "Fish Heads" was simply the name of the act of Clem-
ents and Barnes.
Will Vidoco (Murray), of the favorite, featured, furiously funny team of
Haines and Vidocq, contracted the actor fever in 1876, when he was one of
the three Vidocqs, a white-face act. Subsequently he was of the well-known
acts of Shannon and Vidocq ; Hughes and Vidocq ; Vidocq and Evans, and
Thompson and Vidocq. But long before these he did a black-face turn with
Dan. Lester, the old-time clown ; this was about 1879.
He first formed an alliance with Nat. Haines in 1884; afterwards they
rejoined each other in 1889, 1898 and 1909.
Mr. Vidocq was born in New York, April 22, 1865.
Harry Leighton, the well-known vocalist, made his first professional ap-
pearance at a Sunday concert in New York City, at Wallack's Theatre, in
1886.
His initial appearance in minstrelsy was with the Haverly Company, at
Joliet, 111., July 18, 1887.
Subsequent engagements were with Carncross' Ministrels in Philadel-
phia; Cleveland's; Dockstader's, in 1893: Thatcher and Johnson's, and
Vogel's Minstrels. With the latter organization he has been ten consecutive
seasons.
Mr. Leighton has a peculiarly pleasing high-tenor voice, which he uses
to the best advantage.
Harry Leighton was born in Bradford, England — and that's the best the
author could get.
Billy Jerome (Flannery). Everybody knows that Mr. Jerome wrote the
lyrics for some of the biggest New York successes, as well as such popular
songs as "Rip Van Winkle Was a Lucky Man"; "He Never Came Back";
"Bedelia" ; the 'Volunteer Organist," and scores of others ; but everybody
don't know that "Billy" sat on the end with Barlow, Wilson and Rankin's
Minstrels in 1885, opposite to J. Marcus Doyle; nor that five years later with
Billy Buckley did a good black-face talking and singing act. But he did, hf
did.
Billy Jerome was born in Cornwall, N. Y., September 30, 1865.
FROM -DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 323
John Queen (AIcQueen) achieved equal success as comedian and a song
writer. He entered the profession in tlie early 8o's, and later as Queen,
Stowe and Randall was the inventor of the trick house act used b}' them.
He was a long time associated with Cleveland's, also Vogel's Minstrels.
He was the author of "Get Your Habits On," "All Alone," and many-
other coon ditties that attained more than usual prominence.
John Queen was born in Xew Orleans, La.; he died in New York, Feb-
ruary 23, 1902.
"Hap"AVard (John O'Donnell) and Harry \'okes, the famous farceurs
who have headed their own organizations for several seasons past, have used
burnt cork copiously and freely.
Mr. Ward as a member of the Four Diamonds, a black-face act of about
thirty years ago; and Mr. Yokes paraded in many a one night stand while
with the Barlow, Wilson Minstrels about the same time. If you don't be-
lieve it, ask Ward and Yokes.
Chas. Horwitz, the well-known vaudeville sketch writer and collaborator
with Fred Bowers in the production of many great song successes, did an
"end" for one night, July 4, 1893, at Long Branch, X. J., with "Barney
Pagan's Minstrels" zvithout Barney Fagan.
Mr. Horwitz was born in Milwaukee, Wis., and looks it.
Joe. Cawthorne, one of America's foremost comedians, played many black-
face and minstrel engagements in his varied career. For instance, he and
his brother Herljert opened at Sam Flague's Minstrels in Liverpool, England,
December i, 1879. Doesn't time fly?
Jas. T. Powers (McGovern), the popular light opera comedian, played
"LTseless Maguff," a ni;^ in hard luck, in the drama of "W'ide Awake" at Aberle's
Theatre, New York City, week of JNIarch 22, 1880; and he's proud of it.
Gus. PiXLEY. It's not hard for him to be a happy Flobo — on the stage.
It was just as easy on March 19, 1883, at the Standard Theatre, San
Francisco, with Emerson's Minstrels, to play Lady Angela, in the burlesque
on "Pinafore." Of course, he was a black Lady Angela; for those were dark
days.
De Wolf Hopper, the altitudinous comedian, was one of the features of the
"Lambs' Gambol," in their minstrel first part of the ]\Ietropolitan Opera
FIousc, New York, May 31. 1909. He said, "Gentlemen, be seated," and they
did.
Lucille La Verne, the favorite character actress, played Judith Clancy,
the negro "mammy" in "Clarice," at the Garrick Theatre, New York, Oc-
tober 16, 1906. Sounds more like an Irish "mammy," don't you think?
Arthur Deming is one of the most entertaining black-face performers before
the public to-day. He has made St. Louis, Mc, his home for many 3'ears,
and it was there he made his first professional appearance at McKinley's
324 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Museum, October 7, 18S8, in a black-face monologue. A short time after-
wards he formed a partnership with Eddie Powers, together they joined Geo.
De Haven's Circus as clowns, also working in the concerts.
In the Fall of 18S9 his regular minstrel career began with the Vreeland
Company, remaining two seasons. The next two years was Arthur Deming's
Minstrels, allied with Edwin De Coursey's "A Stranger" Company. In 1893
he joined Cleveland's Minstrels, closing with that company; he made his
first appearance with Hi Henry's Minstrels, Christmas, 1893, at Carbondale,
Pa. ; he remained with the Henry Company until the end of the season of
1895-96. Arthur Deming's Minstrels took the road season 1896-97, and
1897-98 he was with the Haverly's Minstrels. Vogel and Deming's Minstrels,
1898-1900; "Don't Tell My Wife" Company, 1900-01; a return to Hi Henry,
1901-02 ; a tour of vaudeville, 1902-03, and once again with Hi Henry, 1903-
04; Geo. Primrose's Minstrels claimed him for their own from 1904 until
1906; and vaudeville ever since, where he has met with universal success.
Mr. Deming is now playing with much success the black-face comedy part in
"Lower Berth, 13," in Chicago, at the Whitney Theatre.
Arthur Deming was born in Green Bay, Wis., May 20, 1866.
Richard Carle, the famous elongated comedian, author and producer, says
he appeared several times as an amateur in minstrel shows, recalling one in
particular at the Winthrop Yacht Club in ^^'inthrop Beach, Mass., in the
Summer of 1889. INIr. Carle did a capital "end" on this auspicious occasion.
Harry Bulger, famous for his comedy creations in many Broadway pro-
ductions, was one of the original members of the Al. G. Field's Minstrels,
whose initial performance was given at Marion, Ohio, October 6, 1886; he
was of the team of Bulger and Jenkins.
Subsequently ]\Ir. Bulger joined forces with Sherrie Matthews, doing a
black face act.
Emil Heusel, of the German comedy team of Heusel and Walsh, played
many black-face parts with Harrigan and Hart in the 70's and 8o's, and was
also a song and dance man with Barlow, Wilson and Rankin's Minstrels in
1885. He was born in New York, April 17, 1866.
Al. Hart, famous for his impersonation of Wang, in the opera of that name,
as well as other prominent companies, came to the United States about 1880,
and made his first appearance with Tuck's Minstrels in Buffalo, N. Y.,
shortly after.
In 1884 he was with Lester and Allen's Minstrels as interlocutor. About
Februar)^ 1885, he became a member of the famous Clipper Quartette, with
whom he appeared for eight years, mostly in black-face. Mr. Hart was born
in Liverpool, England, December, 1866.
Greg. Patti (Gregory Patti) is widely known in social circles in New York,
Philadelphia and their environs as the "Little Comedian."
Mr. Patti defied all theatrical traditions by making his initial profes-
sional appearance on the thirteenth anniversary of his birth.
Ten years later he organized the "Greg. Patti Minstrels," since which
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326 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
time he appeared at various functions of the elite, among whom may be men-
tioned Mr. Pembroke Jones, Mrs. Stuyvesant Fish, Mr. William K. Vander-
bilt, Jr., Mrs. James Speye- Mr. Roy Rainey, Mr. Paul Rainey, Mr. Juilliard,
Mrs. Murray and many others.
In addition he has shown with his merry little band at many of the bon
ton clubs, notably, the Metropolitan (known as the "Millionaires"), Union
League, Equestrian, at Sherry's, all in New York City.
Also at the Tuxedo, at Tuxedo ; Fort Orange at Albany, N. Y. ; Algon-
quin, at Bridgeport, Conn. ; Lakewood Club, at Lakewood, N. J., and numer-
ous others.
Like his illustrious namesake and relative, Mr. Patti reaches for the high
notes — and gets them.
Greg. Patti was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., March 23, 1866.
BoARDMAN Carnes was One of the best known vocalists in present day
minstrelsy.
He was long a member of the Quaker City Quartette, and had devel-
oped into being a fine interlocutor.
He was associated with several first-class minstrel companies, notably
Al. G. Field's, with whom he was associated at the time of his death, which
occurred at Pt. Pleasant, W. Va., December 29, 1907. He was about 35
years of age.
Matt. Keefe. Minstrelsy has produced some very good Yodlers in the past ;
but old-timers, who should know, say that Mr. Keefe compares favc ' ly with
any of them.
If Matt. Keefe had developed into a comedian instead of a vocalist, no one
would have been surprised, because the honor of having been born next door to
the house Mark Twain used to live, belongs to Mr. Keefe.
He made his first professional appearance at Leadville, Colo., in 1887. Al.
Fields Company was his first minstrel engagement ; he was with Primrose and
Dockstader, and Pockitader's Minstrels, totaling six years.
Season of 1908-09 saw him with Cohan and Harris' Minstrels; and for two
years he was with Tony Pearl in vaudeville.
Matt. Keefe was born in Hannibal, Mo., August 13, 1867.
Edwin Guy, one of the famous Guy Brothers, has been a member of that
minstrel organization many years. Mr. Guy is an eccentric comedian of unique
methods.
He was born in New York, May 4, 1867.
TiERNEY and Wayne formed a partnership in the early 8o's, doing black-
face songs and dances.
In 1885 they were with Barlow, Wilson and Rankin's Minstrels; they con-
tinued in black-face until 1888 when they played white-face parts with "Zig-Zag."
Mr. Wayne subsequently married Anna Caldwell, and as Wayne and Caldwell
they traveled several seasons.
Mr. Wayne is still in vaudeville — with another Mrs. Wayne.
Charley Wayne was born in Ft. Wayne, Ind., August 10, 1867.
James B. Tierney died in New York, October 18, 1891 ; age 30 years.
FROM -DADDY'' RICE TO DATE. 327
John W. Early, a capable baritone singer, of late years with burlesque com-
panies, was with Billy Rice's Minstrels in 1897, and the following year became a
member of Haverly's Company ; the last that famous manager ever exploited.
Subsequently he was with Lew Dockstader's Minstrels.
In December, 1904, Mr. Early and Miss Late formed an alliance to do
sketches; since then they have been playing — Early and Late.
John W. Early was born in Dayton, Ohio, September 29, 1867.
Bert M.\rion (John Ryerson) made his first appearance at the old Wigwam
in Paterson, N. J., 1877, playi"g boy parts in white-face; shortly after doing
black-face songs and dances, being known as Master Ryerson.
At the age of 16 he joined forces with Dave Zimmer, doing a black-face act
with him until 1890, when he formed a partnership with the late Billy Pearl,
and as Marion and Pearl continued more than eight years, playing with such well-
known minstrel companies as Haverly's (Xankeville's) ; Barlow Bros., Gorton's,
Cleveland's, and two seasons under their own management with Marion, Pearl
and Pendleton's Minstrels.
After separating from Mr. Pearl, Mr. Marion formed an alliance with his
wife, Sabel Dean, and as Marion and Dean have played all the prominent vaude-
ville houses for more than ten years.
Bert Marion was born in Paterson, N. J., August 7, 1867.
Harry "Scamp" Montgomery, well and favorably known as a capable de-
lineator of black-face characters, with his brother Dave, now of Montgomery and
Stone, appeared as one of the Montgomery Bros., the "Pullman Porters," about
1888 ; a short time previous he had been with Forepaugh's Circus. In 1889 he was
with Beach and Bowers' Minstrels, and subsequently with Crawford Bros. (To-
peka, Kan.) Minstrels.
Several years ago he joined Tony Pearl in a musical act, and as Montgomery
and Pearl they played all the first-class vaudeville houses, as well as many high-
class combinations.
Mr. Montgomery created the negro part of Eaton Ham, in George M.
Cohan's "Geo. Washington, Jr.," and played such other black-face character
parts as Low Down Smith, in "Cape Cod Folks." and Sylvester O. Nightingale,
in "Mary's Lamb." For brief periods he was "Sheppard," of Wood and Shep-
pard, hkewise "Bogert," of Bogert and O'Brien; now Neil O'Brien, the great
black-face comedian.
During the World's Fair in Cliicago, he was the drummer in Sousa's Band.
The present season of 1910, Mr. Montgomery .was especially engaged by
Geo. AL Cohan to create the part of Abe. Gunther, in Mr. Cohan's latest play,
"Get Rich Quick Wallingford." Needless to say, Mr. Montgomery made a
decided hit — and in white face.
"Scamp" Montgomery was born in St. Joseph, Mo., April 2, 1867.
Rees Prosser sings a ballad in a manner that is entirely his own, and thereby
hangs a tale ; it's a simple enough story ; the answer being "He's always en-
gaged."
His first appearance was in his native state, in the city of Terre haute, as
a member of the Wabash Minstrels twenty years ago. Beach and Bowers was the
328 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
first professional minstrel engagement; others were Al. G. Field's, nine years;
Cleveland's, and Dockstader's.
June I. 1910, "Rees Prosser" was murdered; some place in the far west. We
'uns in New York thought it was our Rees Prosser ; Mr. Prosser indignantly
denied that he was ever shot; north, east, south or west; and his reputation for
veracity is so good that argument was unnecessary.
Rees Prosser was born in New Albany, Ind., September 13, 1867.
Waterbury Bros, made their first professional appearance with Vreeland's
Minstrels doing a straight musical act in 1892 ; the same year they played their
first vaudeville engagement at Shea's Music Hall in Buffalo. In 1894 they were
joined by Chas. Kenna, the comedian, the act then was known as Waterbury
Bros, and Kenna.
In the Summer of 1895 Ernest Tenney replaced Kenna, and as Waterbury
Bros, and Tenney they have since been known.
Geo. N. Waterbury was born in New York City, December 14, 1867.
Edw. M. Waterbury was born in Stamford, Conn., May 2y, 1871.
Ernest Tenney, one of the famous Tenney family who gave series of con-
certs some years ago, began his career as a member of the family August 6, 1882;
the company comprising father, mother, sister, and four brothers, in addition
to the subject of this sketch; he remained a member of this organization until
1889 ; engagements followed with an Uncle Tom troupe (no, reader, Mr. Tenney
did not play Eva) ; after Tom came the Daniel Boone Company and a return to
the family fold for a brief period; then an engagement with Gray and Stephen's
"Vesper Bells" Company, after which he joined Harry Whiting in a comedy
musical act. In August, 1893, he joined the Four Emperors of Music, and in
September, 1893, the "Emperors" joined Cleveland's Minstrels for a few months;
June 15, 1895, he left Three Emperors and immediately joined the Waterbury
Bros.
Waterbury Bros, and Tenney have played the principal vaudeville houses
since their alliance in 1893 ; also engagements with Cleveland's, Primrose and
West's, Wm. H. West's and Cohan and Harris' Minstrels, also two seasons with
Harry Williams Company, and a season with Sam Scribner.
Weber and Fields, the famous German comedians, who for many years
did all they could to disintegrate the King's English, did a black-face act at
Turn Hall, in New York, about thirty years ago.
They were each born in New York City; Mr. Weber, August 17, 1867; Mr.
Fields, December 31, 1867.
Arthur C. Rigby ranks with the best of present day monologists. Mr.
Rigby has a unique style of delivery, pleasant address and excellent enunciation,
all of which spell success.
His first appearance was made in Paterson, N. J., as a member of St. Jo-
seph Cadets Temperance Society, under the management of Con. Tracey. His
debut professionally was made at Newark, N. J., in 1883, doing a black-face
banjo solo.
A few years later Mr. Rigby made his initial appearance with a minstrel
BILLY O'DAY
"SCAMP" MONTGOMERY
This page is the exclusive property of "Scamp" Montgomery and Billy O'Day.
Trespassers will be rigidly prosecuted.
330 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
company as a member of the Gorman Bros, organization; subsequently he ap-
peared with Cleveland's, Al. G. Field's and Vogel's Minstrels.
And not only that, but he played black-face parts with Joe Weber's "Hip,
Hip, Hooray" Company; "Natural Gas" and "The Rainmakers;" with the lat-
ter originating the "darky" role in the play.
Of late years Mr. Rigby's talents have been displayed in vaudeville exclu-
sively.
Arthur C. Rigby was born in Macclesfield, England, April 4, 1867.
S.\NFORD B. Ric.\iiY had his first experience in amusements as a bill-poster
with Whitney's Family Circus in 1884.
Two years later he assumed the management of the Opera Flouse in his
home town, and continued in that capacity for three years.
Subsequently he was identified with several well-known attractions until
about ten years ago, when he became associated with Wm. H. West's Minstrels;
after the death of the latter, Mr. Ricaby purchased the show from Mrs. West,
who had been requested by her husband to continue the minstrels with Mr.
Ricaby as manager, after Mr. West's decease.
Sanford B. Ricaby was born in Hillsdale, Mich., May 26, 1867.
Wji. D. Hall, author, actor, playwright, manager and other things the-
atrical, savs he had a serpentine career, although never having done a dance of
that name.
Mr. Hall's stage career began as a "prodigy" at the age of ten; city, Balti-
more ; theatre, Odeon. Musical Comedy, drama, variety, vaudeville and min-
strelsy has he also been associated with.
He wrote the life of "Dan" Emmett, the immortal composer of "Dixie" and
a play for the late Ernest Hogan ; he also wrote several letters to the author.
Mr. Hall began the present season of 1910 with Dumont's Minstrels in
Philadelphia.
He is a son of George L. Flail, the oldest living minstrel vocalist.
Wm. D. Hall was born in Washington, D. C, December 25, 1867.
Willie Collier (I always call him Willie), the favorite comedian, is just
as funny in black-face as in white; at least he was on the night of October 12,
1896, when as a colored damsel he sang and danced in the performance of "Miss
Philadelphia," at the Park Theatre, Philadelphia.
Mr. Collier was born in New York City, November 12, 1867.
NEIL. O'BRIEN
has long ranked with the great comedians that have tended to make minstrelsy-
famous.
Mr. O'Brien portrays an eccentric negro of the South, a real flesh and blood
darky, not an exaggerated caricature ; and therein lies his success.
Indeed his depiction of the colored man is so realistic, so artistic and so
natural, that in the cities wherein they are so largely represented, during the
performances in which Mr. O'Brien was a contributing factor, they would in-
variably argue among themselves as to whom among their number the coun-
terfeit darky of the stage was most like ; it's Henry White, one would say,
NEIL O'BRIEN.
FROM "DADDY- RICE TO DATE. 331
while another was equally positive Mr. O'Brien was imitating Jim Jackson, both
of these gentlemen named being members of their "set."
Mr. O'Brien first appeared theatrically in 1889 with the "Student Min-
strels" in Binghamton, N. Y., and nearby cities; he sat on an "end." He later
was one of the team of O'Brien and Bell; they dissolved partnership in 1891,
and the musical act of Bogert and O'Brien was formed in March that year, and
they continued as partners for ten years.
Mr. O'Brien was with Haverly's J\Iinstrels in Chicago in 1892, and remained
one year ; in 1898 he was again with Haverly on the last tour made by the fa-
mous manager.
Seasons of 1896-97-98 he was with AI. G. Field's Minstrels. He joined
Primrose and Dockstader's Minstrels in 1899, and continued with them until
the dissolution of the organization in 1903.
That same year he cast his fortunes with Lew Dockstader's Minstrels, with
whom he remained until the Spring of 1910. At the present time Mr. O'Brien
is appearing in vaudeville with marked success in an elaborate black-face act
called "Fighting the Flames;" as a raw fireman who has bought his way into
the department, Mr. O'Brien is excruciatingly funny.
Neil O'Brien was born in Port Dickinson, N. Y., July 16, 1868, and enjoys
the distinction of having received one of the largest salaries of any minstrel
performer.
J. A. CoBURN, proprietor and manager of the Coburn Greater Minstrels, has
achieved considerable fame as a cornetist; to say that Mr. Coburn has blown
his own horn since he was ten years old, is no reflection upon him whatever.
Before starting on his minstrel career, he was cornetist with the Elgin, 111..
National Watch Company i\Iilitary Band, and others. His first professional
appearance was of the musical team of Trewetz and Coburn, in 1886. Subse-
quently in 1800 he joined Louis Baldwin in a comedy act, and continued with
the latter until his (Baldwin's) death.
Mr. Coburn 's first minstrel engagement was with the W. S. Cleveland Com-
pany, in 1893.
Five years later he was owner and manager of the original Barlow Bros.
Minstrels ; subsequently known as the Great Barlow Minstrels.
Air. Coburn rehearses and directs his own show, and has the distinction
of being one of the best known men in the minstrel business.
A fine home at Daytona, Fla., is a tribute that speaks volumes for his
twenty-four years in the profession.
J. A. Coburn was born in Boston, Mass., March 12, 1868.
Of Corse Payton blacked up. As a matter of cold fact, his first professional
appearance was made at a county fair less than a million miles from Centreville,
Iowa ; Mr. Payton was the end man in a minstrel show there. Later he was with
a repertoire company that acted "Uncle Tom's Cabin ;" and the report is that
he played every character in the play including Eva ; he only got cold feet when
they insisted on his playing the "cake of ice."
Now to be serious — the king of 10, 20, 30 played Wool, a black-face part
in the "Hidden Hand" at Payton's Lee Avenue Theatre, Brooklyn, N. Y., com-
mencing Novanber 4, 1901.
222 ' MONARCHS OF MINSTREL^ . ,
Corse Payton was born in Centreville, Iowa, December i8, 1867; and Cen-
treville has never been sorry.
Eddie Horan, the well-known dancer and producer, made his first profes-
sional appearance with Thatcher, Primrose and West's Minstrels in 1885 ; sub-
sequently appearing with the following prominent minstrel companies' — Hiu
Henry, three seasons : Al. G. Fields, five seasons, and two years with Wm. H.
West's Company. With the exception of the first mentioned company, he was
general producer for the others.
Ten years with three such organizations is a record of which Mr. Horan
may justly feel proud.
Subsequently he appeared successfully with several well-known dramatic
companies ; after which he returned to minstrelsy with The George Primrose Co.
Mr. Horan has played vaudeville for the past few seasons.
Eddie Horan was born in Hartford, Conn. — after Lew Dockstader.
Wm. H. Hallett is well and favorably known as an interlocutor in present
day minstrelsy.
His first engagement with a minstrel organization was with the Wm. H.
West Company in 1896.
Subsequently he joined the Primrose and Dockstader Company, remaining
three seasons, after which he identified himself with Lew Dockstader for the
same period.
Mr. Hallett then forsook cork for grease paint, and for two years was
with Charley Grapewin in "The Awakening of Mr. Pipp;" at the end of that pe-
riod (Mr. Hallett, not Mr. Pipp) felt uneasy, and no one seemed surprised,
when at the opening of the season of 1908, our rotund interlocutor was found in
his accustomed place with Lew Dockstader's Minstrels, where he remained two
years.
He is now in vaudeville with Neil O'Brien.
Before his minstrel engagements Mr. Hallett was with the "Gay Debu-
tante;" "Sis Hopkins;" and the "Daughter of Cuba." In none of these plays
did he assume the title-role.
Wm. H. Hallett was born in San Francisco, Cal., October 13, 1868.
Ned Monroe (Edwin James Pyle). Amusement seekers lost one of the
very best black-face comedians of a generation when Ned Monroe forsook burnt-
cork for grease paint; for one doesn't have to be a modern jMethusaleh to re-
member the act of Monroe and Mack.
Mr. Monroe's first partner, amateurly speaking, was Sam Gillespie, of
Philadelphia.
In the Fall of 1888 with Kellar Mack he formed a partnership, and they
made their first appearance in Baltimore, as Monroe and Mack, at a joint salary
of $40.00 ; the term "joint" does not necessarily apply to the place they played in.
Altogether the act was one of the pronounced successes of vaudeville during
the decade or so they continued as partners.
After the dissolution, Mr. Monroe had various partners under the team
name of Monroe and Mack. He also appeared successfully in farce, notably the
"Prodigal Father," "Johnny on the Spot," "A Hot Old Time."
In 1897 ^^''^I'' JsTy Hart, he starred in the "Gay Matinee Girl."
WILL H. MORTON
SAM. GARDNER
W. H. BROCKWAY
G. W. H. GRIFFIN
WH. H. WEST
J. R. KEMBLE
w
^'
^A^
E. M. KAYNE E. N. SLOCUM gAM. WELLS
"MEN OF THE MIDDLE" ; ALL PASSED AWAY.
334 MONARCHS OF MINSTkELSY.
Mr. Monroe married Fern IMelrose, an actress, about 1896.
On the last day of January, 1901, he took to wife Miss Nellie Lawrence,
a v/ell-known legitimate actress, with whom he has been associated professionally
practically ever since.
Ned Monroe was born in Philadelphia, January 2, 1868.
John H. King is such an excellent "rough wench" performer that his abili-
ties as a good all-round comedian are sometimes lost sight of.
Mr. King's first theatrical engagement was with the J. G. Stutt's Repertoire
Company; they traveled in a coach — by easy "stages"; this was in 18S7, and
would you believe it ? Mr. King played character old men.
After this he doubled with Harry McDonald, and they played vaudeville
for three years, doing a black-face specialty; then came a season with Bert Swor,
under the team name of Swor and King. Mr. King afterwards joined Walter
McMahon, and continued with him several years; subsequently his partner was
Tim Barrett, but the team name of McMahon and King continued to be used;
likewise when Frank Hammond and Mr. King were with Wm. H. West's Min-
strels in 1899. With the West (Ricaby) Minstrels he did a specialty with
Fred Huber.
His last partner to date was Earl Benham ; and this was "some" act. Mr.
King at various times has been associated with the following well-known min-
strel organizations — Haverly's, Primrose and West's, Fli Henry's, Frank Cush-
man's, Billy Emerson's, Billy Rice's, Harry Davis', in Pittsburgh, Pa., and Cohan
and Harris'. Besides Mr. King there is a queen, and two lovely young princesses.
John H. King was born in Atlanta, Ga., March 30, 1868.
Maude Raymond, the vivacious comedienne, who is always charming in
everything she plays, was none the less so as Topsy in "Uncle Tom's Cabin,"
at the Academy of Music, New York, commencing March 4, 1901. When she
said, "Golly, I'se so wicked," no one believed it.
Paul Quinn began his professional career as one of the team of Ouinn
and Welch, doing a black-face act with Georgie Melnotte's Female Minstrels;
subsequent minstrel engagements were with Barlow Bros. ; Gorman Bros., and
Primrose and West. In 1891 he became a member of the Big Four, playing the
principal vaudeville time, and engagements with Cleveland's, also Dockstader's
Minstrels, also Tony Pastor's road show. Season of 1895-96 Kennedy and Ouinn
played Carncross' ilinstrels in Philadelphia. In 1896 Mr. Ouinn appeared for
the first time in white-face.
Commencing in 1897 and for five years thereafter, Thomas and Ouinn in
"McFadden's Flats," and Halliday and Ouinn in "Happy Flooligan" were under
the Gus Hill banner.
In 1903 Mr. Quinn wrote and starred in "The Funny Mr. Dooley," with
Charles H. Smith and the late Frank D. Bryan, this alliance lasted three years.
He joined hands with Joe Mitchell in 1906, and as Quinn and Mitchell, they
are now playing vaudeville.
Paul Quinn was born in Lowell, Mass., June 29, 1868.
Gus Sun, the present head of the big vaudeville circuit that bears his name,
began his professional career as a co-proprietor of the famous Sun Bros. Circus,
FROM -DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 335
with which he was identified for several years. Later he organized the Gus Sun
Alinstrels, and was identified with it until the company closed in 1904.
On October i, that year, Air. Sun opened in Springfield, Ohio, the first fam-
ily theatre in that section of the country. July i, 1907, ground was broken for the
new Sun Theatre in Springfield, and on November 24, same year, it was formally
opened to the public.
During his active stage career Mr. Sun was recognized as a juggler of
unusual ability.
January 16, 1897, Mr. Sun was married to Aliss Nellie Alfredo, of Youngs-
town, Ohio; three children, Louise, Nina and Gus, Jr., blessed their union.
Gus. Sun was born at Toledo, Ohio, October 7, 1868.
Raymond Hitchcock, whose unique personality in musical comedy has
made him a popular favorite for several seasons past, took the place of George
Evans with the Cohan and Harris Minstrels, February 12, 1909, at Auburn,
N. Y., during Mr. Evans' severe illness, and finished out the season with the
company. That was not the first time Mr. Hitchcock ever blacked up; away
back in — but never mind.
Eddie Bogert, who joined hands with Neil O'Brien in a black-face musical
act in March, 1891, was, prior to that of the team of Bogert and Henchett.
Mr. Bogert retired from the profession about ten years ago, and is now en-
gaged in business in Binghamton, N. Y.
Tim McAL\hon (Barrett) was a barber in Philadelphia about fifteen years
ago or so. While there he "scraped" an acquaintance with John King. The re-
sult— McMahon and King, ]\Ic]\Iahon and Chapelle, McAlahon's "Watermelon
Girls" and McMahon's "Pullman Parlor Alaids."
How'd you like to be McMahon?
N.^T Wills, famous for his tramp impersonations in vaudeville, Detroit and
other municipalities, gamboled (notice the spelling) at the "Lambs" Minstrel
show at the Metropolitan Opera House, New York, IMay 31, 1909. His make-up
was a dark black.
James H. Manning, of the once popular Silver Bells Quartette, of Baker
Jones, Planning and Davis, with that great black-face act consisting of two males
and two "wenches," played all the first-class variety houses and were with Lew
Dockstader's JMinstrels in New York, the greater time of their existence from
1886 to 1889.
The feature of this act was the wearing of a set of bells around the waists of
each, and during the song and dance they played these to the air of Barney
Pagan's "Wedding Bells" ; and it may be truthfully stated that a prettier song
and dance "four" act has never been seen.
James H. Manning was born in Albany, N. Y., July 27, 1869.
E. W. Chipman (front name Everett) made his first professional appearance
with George H. Irving's California Minstrels in November, 1884; Mr. Chipman
was the bass singer, not the base singer of the company.
After this came the Whitmore and Clark's Minstrels and Hennessy Bros.
336 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Minstrels; then a painfully brief season with Chipman, Goss and Hyam's Min-
strels; but why dwell further?
Mr. Chipman recovered, and joined Barlow Bros. Minstrels and remained
with them as interlocutor for five years ; he also sang.
Subsequently he played engagements with George Arlington's; Deming,
Sweet and DeCourcey's "A Stranger" Company; two seasons with Cleveland's;
Gus. Sun's, three seasons; Wm. H. West's, and Ed. Bartlett's California Min-
strels.
It was while with the latter organization that Mr. Chipman conceived the
dark design of becoming a burlesque manager; this was in Nyack, N. Y., De-
cember, 1898.
In 1905 he was manager of the Colonial Theatre, Lawrence, Mass. ; likewise
did he manage for Rice and Barton's Burlesque Company, two seasons; same
period for T. VV. Dinkin's "Innocent Maids" Company; Ginger Girls and other
girly girly companies.
Altogether IMr. Chipman was twenty-one years in minstrelsy; nineteen of
which he sat in the middle.
E. W. Chipman was born in Lynn, Mass., March 13, 1869.
Fulton Bros., the "Two Dromios of Minstrelsy," so called because of their
similarity in general make up on the stage.
Their careers began in the early 8o's as stars of their own organization, the
Fulton Bros. Minstrels, playing in the South, the tour was under the direction
of their father.
They subsequently in conjunction with Edwin Warren formed the "Orion
Trio" and produced with much success in vaudeville the Fulton Bros, trick-house
act called "A Hot Chase."
The brothers first important minstrel engagement was with Lester and
Allen's Minstrels in 18S5; afterwards they were prominently identified with such
high-class organizations as Thatcher, Primrose and West's ; Haverly-Cleveland
Company and George Wilson's. With the latter company they worked with Hi
Tom Ward ; the alliance was known as Fulton Bros, and Hi. Tom Ward.
With George A\'ilson's Minstrels they put on the big song and dance num-
bers.
A few years ago the brothers separated for business reasons, William going
into vaudeville, and James, possessing executive abilities equal to his terpsichorean
talents, accepted the managerial position with the Golden Crook burlesque com-
pany five years ago, and has been with it ever since.
James C. Fulton was born in New Orleans, La., December 17, 1869.
Wm. T. Fulton was born in Pass Christian, Miss., October 12, 1871.
Keller ]\L\ck (Wm. S. Keller) formed a partnership with Ned Monroe
in the Fall of 18S8, doing a black-face act at the Baltimore Museum. Baltimore,
Md. ; as Monroe and Mack they played together until 1896; giving one of the
very best black-face acts ever seen in vaudeville.
Mr. Mack's playing of the "straight" in the act ranked with the best.
After the dissolution, Mr. J\Iack played for three seasons in "Town Topics,"
doing comedy character parts in white-face ; then a season as Finnegan, in "Fin-
negan's Ball," after which he rejoined Monroe, and the team duplicated their
former successes, playing Koster and Bial's in New York City for thirteen con
MORT. EMERSON WILLIS CLARK
(EMERSON & CLARK.)
\
\rt
BILL. D.\LY TO.M. D.\LY
(DALY BROS.)
(The above four were known as the original King High Kickers.)
FRANK DU RELL EU. DU RELL
(DU RELL TWIN BROTHERS.
338 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
secutive weeks ; the partnership finally ceased a year later in Los Angeles, Cal.
Mr. Mack again returned to farce, and played a white-face character part in "A
Hot Old Time," and Jonah, in "A Brass Monkey" ; this was followed by two
seasons in vaudeville with Tom Dempsey, under the name of Dempsey, Mack
and Company.
Following this, Mr. Mack played the leading comqdy part in "A Stranger in
New York" and in "A Trip to Chinatown" he played Ben Gay.
After this Mr. Mack returned to black-face, doing principal end with Quin-
lan's Minstrels ; when this company disbanded, he joined hands with Dan Quin-
lan, playing as Ouinlan and Mack until 1910. -
Beyond a doubt Keller Mack is one of the most versatile performers we have;
playing straight or comedy, black or white with equal success.
Keller Mack was born in Philadelphia, July 10, 1869.
Richard J. Jose. Never in the annals of minstrelsy has any singer met with
more phenomenal success than that achieved by the subject of this sketch.
Mr. Jose came to this country as a boy, and shortly after secured a position
as blacksmith in Reno, Nev., where he remained several years. Mr. Jose while
at work was always singing, and his phenomenal voice, a pure contra tenor, at-
tracted marked attention.
His first professional appearance was with Charley Reed's Minstrels in San
, Francisco, March 2, 1886. He remained with Reed until the season ended,
April 10, following. A few weeks later he joined Birch and Cotton's Minstrels
for a brief road trip.
In September, 1886, he joined Lew Dockstader's permanent minstrel company
in New York; here he remained about three years. George Thatcher's Min-
strels and Tuxedo Company had his services for two years.
Mr. Jose next engaged with the "Old Homestead," and continued for eight
years with that time-honored favorite ; after which he again returned to his first
love and joined Wm. H. West's Minstrels, with whom he was a feature for three
years. His last appearance in minstrelsy was with his own company about 1901
or 1902.
Subsequently he has devoted his talents successfully to vaudeville and dram-
atic work.
Mr. Jose makes a feature of singing the old minstrel ballads. In December,
1909, he produced a play written around one of these old favorites, entitled
"Silver Threads Among the Gold."
Richard J. Jose was born in Cornwall, England, June 5, 1869.
William H. Thompson began his minstrel career in Chicago with "Kelly
and Leon's" Minstrels in 1889.
The following year he was with Cleveland's Minstrels, and from 1890 to
1893 he was with Primrose and West's Minstrels. He then formed an alliance
with Fred Oakland, and for four years Oakland and Thompson performed in
the principal music halls of London and the provinces, in a great singing act.
Mr. Thompson returned to the United States in 1897, and rejoined Primrose
and West's Minstrels for the season. Practically all of the ensuing time until
1910, when he formed an alliance with Will Oakland, has been with the com-
panies of Primrose and Dockstader, and Lew Dockstader.
Mr. Thompson is concededly one of the foremost baritones in minstrelsy.
W. H. Thompson was born in Liverpool, England, October 28, 1869.
FROM -DADDY- RICE TO DATE. 339
John L. Sullivan, the former cliampion pugilist, was the principal feature
of the Lester and Allen's Minstrels, season of 1885-86.
Mr. Sullivan appeared in classic statuary poses ; also New York, Brooklyn
and Philadelphia.
Geo. Beban began — in minstrelsy. He had to begin somewhere. Away back
IMarch 19, 1883, in San Francisco at the Standard Theatre, he was with Emerson's
Minstrels.
The closing burlesque was "Pinafore" ; and the man who can look and talk
like Napoleon — before Waterloo — was one of the "rapturous maidens." O!
George, aren't you awful.
Ed. Latell, the well-known comedian and banjoist, made his first profes-
sional appearance at the Bella-Union Theatre in San Francisco, in 1887. He
subsequently was a feature of Cleveland's, and George Wilson's Minstrels.
^Ir. Latell is no longer a minstrelite, but a vaudevilleite. He was born in
Los Angeles, Gal., about 1869.
Billy Gould ( Wm. J. Flannery), the brilliant versatile comedian, now once
more of the well-known pair. Gtndd and Surratt, was a ]\Iadrigal Boy with
"Emerson's Minstrels" in San Francisco in 1S83.
Mr. Gould was married to Nellie Marietta Burt at Hurley, Wis., March 24,
1889; subsequently he became the husband of \'aleska Surratt.
Mr. Gould was born in New York City, May i, more than forty years ago,
but not more than forty-five.
George Evans, famous the country over as the "Honey Boy," so called from
the fact that he was the author of the famous song "Fll Be True to ;\Iy Honey
Boy," has the distinction of being one of the youngest minstrel comedians heading
his own organization.
His first appearance was at Balser's Music Hall, Canton, Ohio, in 1891, as
a member of the Columbia Quartette; subsequently with Edwin Mayo's "Silver
Age" Company he was one-fourth of the Southern Quartette.
Like many other good performers, Mr. Evans had his experience with medi-
cine shows, one of which was the "East India Moon Plant" Compan}' ; he left
this organization because he felt that the title of the company was not dignified
enough, nor in keeping with his manifold talents.
After some scouting he joined "Bamboo, or the King of Trampiana." Mr.
Evans is not a proud man, but he was sure that his ambitions could be better
realized with this show ; and he felt so for four days, when the "King of Tram-
piana" tramped — some place or other, Mr. Evans never exactly found where.
This near-tragedy occurred in St. Louis, Mo., and I\Ir. Evans soon found
himself at the Southern Hotel, in the Mound City. Is there any opening here?
quoth our hero ; there was ; one of the bell hops, having acquired a competence
after six consecutive weeks of faithful service, had given notice, and George was
installed in his place, and remained — until his uniform had been paid for.
Mr. Evans' first minstrel engagement was at the Casino, with Haverly, in
Chicago, 1892; he remained several weeks, and about January i, 1893, he joined
Cleveland's Minstrels ; subsequently he was with Priiafoj'' and West's Minstrels,
nd in 1894 he returned under the Haverly banner.
340 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Shortly after this he launclied forth as a singing comedian in vaudeville, and
as such continued for several years.
In musical comedy he starred in "The Runaways," and "The Good Old
Summer Time," in which he appeared in white-face.
July 27, 1908, at Atlantic City, N. J., he opened with Cohan and Harris'
Minstrels at the inaugural performance, heading the company.
About March, 1910, at Newark, N. J., Mr. Evans became sole owner of the
mization.
He is the author of several popular songs, notably — "Standing on the Corner,
Didn't Mean No Harm;" "Come Take a Trip in My Airship," and "Down Where
the \\'atermelon Grows."
George Evans was born in Pontotlyn, Wales, March 10, 1870.
Billy S. Clifford, whose impersonations of the "chappie" have made him
famous the country over, made his first appearance with Hi. Henry's Minstrels
in 1882, as a drummer, and a black one. The next season he was one of the
song and dance men with the Barlow, Wilson Company Minstrels ; following this
came engagements with Robinson's Circus, and Miles Orton's Circus, appearing
in black-face songs and dances.
In 1888 Mr. Clifford joined George Fuller Golden, and as Golden and Clif-
ford they did a black-face song and dance act for two years, stopping only for
meals and sleep.
In 18SS he joined Al. G. Field's Minstrels as an end man and comedian; it
was here that he conceived the idea of the stage dude, which he did in black-face,
and which has ever since been part and parcel of his performances.
Mr. Clifford made his first appearance in white- face about twenty years ago,
since which time he has starred successfully in "Courted Into Court" ; "The
Jolly Baron" and many others.
He married Maud Huth, July 28, 1891, at Buffalo, N. Y.
About si.x years ago he built and has since conducted the Urbana Theatre,
in his native town.
This sea?on ]\Ir. Clififord stars in "The Girl, the Man and the Game."
Billy S. Clififord was born in Urbana, Ohio, January 24, 1869.
The famous Freeze Brothers, Larry and Billy, had the distinction of being
the champion tambourine spinners of the world.
They made their first professional appearance at Newton's Varieties, in
Flartford, Conn., in 1879, doing a plantation song and dance; at that time they
were the youngest black-face team before the public.
The idea of the double tambourine spinning act originated in the fertile brain
of their brother, John Freeze, well known as the manager of the Opera House
in the hustling little town of Rockville, Conn.
The brothers put on amateur minstrel shows in their home town, and their
specialty was constantly improved upon by Billy Freeze until it attained the state
of perfection vaudeville and minstrel lovers know so well.
In 1885 they played their first minstrel engagement with Hi Henry's Com-
pany ; the two succeeding seasons they were with Lucier's Minstrels, while the
season of 1888-89 saw them with the Van Derveer's Minstrels. Then came three
consecutive seasons with Vreeland's Minstrels.
After this, five years of vaudeville, followed by a season with Primrose and
BARNEY FAGAN
R. M. ("DICK") CARROLL
TOMMY HYDE
EDDIE HORAN
JOHNNY DOVE
WILLIS PICKERT
SOME REAL DANCERS.
342
MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY
West's ]\Iinstrels, commencing in 1897; the next season they were with \Vm. H.
West's Minstrels.
About 1900 they were engaged with the Barnum and Bailey Circus as a
feature of the concerts; they played Russia, Austria, England, France, Holland,
Hungary and other European States. In Paris the brothers played eighteen
weeks at the Olympia. Their last joint engagement was with Cohan and Harris'
Minstrels, 1908-09.
Larry Freeze was a dancer of more than ordinary merit. After his death,
his place was taken by his brother Frank, whose funny antics as a clown have won
him considerable recognition.
Larry Freeze was born in Rockville, Conn., October 29, 1872; he died April
6, 1909.
Billy Freeze was born in Rockville, Conn., December 25, 1870.
Julius P. Witm.\rk. It will doubtless be news to many of this gentleman's
friends to know that his career began as minstrel singer just twenty-seven years
ago, when as the "boy soprano" he made his bow before a New York audience
with Billy Birch's San Francisco Minstrels, August 2y, 1883; this was in what
was until recently known as the Princess Theatre.
A brief respite after this engagement, and he next appeared as a "Madrigal
Boy" in Gus Williams' "One of the Finest ;" he was also a "Madrigal" with
Lawrence Barrett's "Francesca di Rimini" and M. B. Leavitt's Minstrels.
Going to the Eden Musee in New York City after this, for a series of six
children's concerts, on Saturdays only; his success was so great, that the en-
gagement was extended for eight months.
He joined Thatcher, Primrose and West in the Spring of 1885, and the
following season of 1885-86, he was also with this company.
Mr. Witmark then eschewed theatricals for about two years, when his voice,
then changed into a baritone, procured him a position with Billy Emerson's Min-
strels in San Francisco, where he remained si.x months, after which he rejoined
Thatcher, Primrose and West early in 1889; this was his last minstrel engagement.
Subsequently he met with much success in such famed organizations as "A
Pair of Jacks," "City Directory" and "A Trip to Chinatown" ; he was also very
successful in the brief vaudeville engagements he played.
Julius P. Witmark was born in New York City, September 19, 1870.
Montgomery and Stone, who achieved fame as the Tin Woodman and the
Scarecrow in "The Wizard of Oz" as well as "The Red M\\\" respectively, and
subsequently "The Old Town," made their first joint appearance with Haverly's
Minstrels at New Orleans, February 16, 1895. Later they did a great song and
dance act for several seasons, appearing in black-face' as real gallus coons.
About ten years before they formed a partnership, Mr. Stone played Topsy
in "Uncle Tom's Cabin" ; he was the best Topsy in the show.
Dave Montgomery was born early in 1870.
Fred. Stone was born later. \
Billy B. Van (Wm. Webster Vandegrift), the famous "Patsy" comedian,
was a member of the "California Minstrels" (not the originals) during the season
of 1882-83.
The man who owned the show also owned a bird and fish store (live birds
FROM "DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 343
and fish) ; well, anyway, the "tour" suddenly closed in Mechanicville, N. Y. ; Mr.
Van not being a mechanic, could get no work in that prosperous little town, and
sadly wended his way to New York, where the "manager" agreed to pay Van on
his arrival in the metropolis ; he did. Van's "salary" was two canaries, ditto gold-
fish and one Belgian Hare.
Mr. Van had plenty of hair at that time, so one more made little difference
to him ; being Friday, he ate the fish, and presented the canaries to a cat who
promised to take good care of them. J\Ir. Van has used grease paint ever since.
Cl.vrence M.\rks. \\'hether Mr. Marks' name and fame will be handed down
to posterity as a vocalist or a comedian, time alone can tell.
His first professional appearance was made with a circus in 1888.
In 1897 he joined the Irene IMyers Stock Company, where for about six years
fie appeared in varied characters, including a "stag" after the show one night in
Wilkes-Barre, Pa., in September, 1903, Dan Hart presiding.
Mr. Marks' first appearance in minstrelsy was with the Quinlan and Wall
Company in 1904; subsequently with the following well-known organizations —
Culhane, Chace and Weston's; Primrose's; Dockstader's ; Murphy and Gibson's;
Wm. H. West's (Ricaby's), and Dumont's in Philadelphia.
Season of 1909-10 he was with the George Evans' Minstrels. One night
the "Honey Boy" came back on the stage with tears in his eyes (that being the
regulation place to have them ) ; "I'm short an end man," said the newly-made
minstrel magnate, "who will volunteer?" "I will," said little Clarence; and he
did, and for the balance of the season Mr. Marks' ponderous bass voice told every
one of the trials and tribulations of one Casey Jones. And so our story ends.
But Mr. Marks is still a "Honey Boy."
Clarence Marks was born in Philadelphia, December 12, 1871.
Jas. J. CoRBETT, pugilist, actor and vaudevillian, made his first appearance
in black-face as a member of George Evans' Minstrels at Plainfield, N. J., Au-
gust 10, 1910. Mr. Corbett as interlocutor, was a splendid success.
He commenced an engagement at the City Theatre, New York, August 13,
1910, and says, "he will come back." But will he?
Geo. W. Chirgwin, the "White Eyed Kaffir," is one of the most popular of
England's black-face performers.
His first bid for fame was made about thirty years ago singing the "Blind
Boy."
A few years ago Mr. Chirgwin played an engagement in the United States,
where he made many friends.
Bert Swor, of the Swor Bros., made his first appearance with Haverly's
Minstrels in Chicago, doing a song and dance with John King. This was
followed by ten years of stock work.
Subsequently he played engagements with Haverly's (Nankeville) also Wm.
H. West's (Ricaby ) Minstrels.
Two seasons in "The Wizard of Oz" and a return to vaudeville in a black-
face act, depicting Southern scenes.
Bert Swor was born in Memphis, Tenn., January 9, 1871.
344 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY.
FRANCIS WILSON AS A MINSTREL MAGNATE.
Kansas City, June 30, 'yy.
Ed. Clipper:
Dear Sir— We left Philadelphia May 21 last, for a Western trip, and some-
how we wish we hadn't.
We left the main road at Sedalia, Mo., for the lead mining districts of Mis-
souri, being directed thither by "parties who knew" we would there find a bo-
nanza. We didn't.
The recent heavy rains had made the mines unfit to be worked, and the
miners were very poor. Prospects, notwithstanding this, were very good at
Galena and Empire City, and to them we turned our faces, full of hope, but the
sudden "taking off" of the notorious Tiger Bill by a "companion in arms" on
the day of our arrival, was a topic that must needs be discussed in the open air;»
so the minstrels did not thrive.
We are a most harmonious little concern, and our gentlemanly deportment
is, everywhere we have seen, the topic of conversation. We receive daily very
flattering and eulogistic notices from the papers, and have yet to see one dis-
senting criticism. We are perfectly independent, and under such little expense
that we move anywhere with a very moderate income, and without any serious
embarrassment. It is a great source of comfort to us to know that, but a trifle
over a month old, we have outlived some much older concerns. We had no diffi-
culty in obtaining the Clipper even in Joplin and Short Creek.
Our company consists of Mackin and Wilson. Chas. Sutton, "Bernardo,"
J. H. Stout, Levino Bros, and Prof. Froude and orchestra.
Respectfully yours,
F. B. W.
Chas. W. Milton, a well-known comedian who was known as the "Alans-
field of Minstrelsy," died in Milledgeville, Ga., November, 1909; age 39 years.
Barney Gilmore, Irish comedian, good fellow and matinee idol, did a black-
face turn with Billy Kinsley in Philadelphia in 1888. Mr. Gilmore modestly
admits that Schoolcraft and Coes did an act superior to Gilmore and Kinsley.
"Stuart (Everett Stewart), who has achieved international fame as the
"Male Patti," began his professional career as a singer with JMcIntyre and
Heath's Minstrels in Springfield, Mo., in the Fall of 1887. And this is how it
happened — "Tom" Heath sauntered into the Post-office at Wichtia, Kan., one
morning, just twenty-three years ago, and inquired if there was any mail for
Mclntyre and Heath's Minstrels? Yes, indeed, there's lots of letters for the
minstrel boys, said a real gentlemanly voice back of the window. The deed was
done, and a few days later, Stuart "blacked up" for the first time in his life.
It was certainly a coincidence, that the boy who had daily for many weeks
answered inquiries concerning missives that were not forthcoming, should sing,
"The Letter That Never Came." Mr. Stuart also began an engagement at Emer-
son's Minstrels in San Francisco, August 6, 1888. And thus it was that the
mail clerk became the "Mail Patti."
And that is the story of "Stuart."
346 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Geo. Fuller Golden, the famous founder of the White Rats of America,
and one of the most intellectual performers that ever graced the vaudeville stage,
did a black-face act with Billy S. Clifford from 1888 to 1890.
Edna May Spooner, the favorite emotional actress, whose popularity seems
to know no bounds (especially in Brooklyn, N. Y., and Centreville, Iowa), played
Topsy in "Uncle Tom's Cabin" more than once ; but if you want a date, here it is
— Bijou Theatre, Brooklyn, N. Y., March 21, 1910. And how she did play it!
Bert Leslie, the slick slangster of several successful seasons, joined the
Kickapoo Medicine Company, No. 8, in November, 1892, doing a black-face
specialty, in Tamaroa. 111. Mr. Leslie attributes his present good health to the
fact that he never took any of the medicine he was surrounded with; he says
every time a bottle was sold it always made him "gag."
Bert Leslie (Wm. Albert Johnston) was born in Dubuque, Iowa, May 6,
1871.
Walter McMahon, of the original team of McMahon and King, was also
associated professionally with James Snider.
After separating from Mr. King he- worked with his wife, under the team
name of McMahon and Kingsley.
He died in Butte, Mont., December 22, 1899; ^S^ 27 years.
Arthur Leopold Guy is the junior member of the famous Guy family.
He made his first appearance with his relatives in Cohoes, N. Y., in 1876,
at the immature age of four years.
Young Mr. Guy was always ambitious, and seventeen years later was quali-
fied to vote. His debut was made in white-face, as a singer; subsequently de-
veloping into a comedian of unusual ability.
Mr. Guy early showed executive talents, and it was no surprise to his friends
when on February 22, 1909, he organized and produced what he claims to be the
originator of — giving a complete minstrel performance in vaudeville.
Six years previous to this, however, he organized Arthur L. Guy's Novelty
Minstrels.
Arthur Leopold Guy was born in New York City, January 26, 1872.
Manuel Roxiain is the happy possessor of one of the most pleasing tenor
voices in minstrelsy, and has the faculty of using it to the very best advantage.
In 1893 he made his bow toa minstrel audience in New York, with Prim-
rose and West's Company. In 1895 he was with Cleveland's Minstrels, subse-
quently playing extended engagements with Primrose and Dockstader's, and
later Dockstader's Minstrels.
In 1907 Mr. Romain entered the vaudeville field with an elaborate produc-
tion entitled "Down in Music Row," and met with flattering success. Two years
later he produced "Before and After the Ball," which, if possible, achieved even
greater success than its predecessor.
Manuel Romain was born in Cambridge, Mass., October i, 1872.
Will F. Phillips, whose clever portrayal of light comedy roles in "Ha-
vana," the "Top O' the World" and other Broadway successes, the past few years
FROM "DADDY- RICE TO DATE. 347
ha<; brought him such deserved success, was a member of a stingy troupe with
the- explanatory title of the "American Minstrels," in 1887.
The company was sans band, sans five dollars collectively and sans nearly
everything that could be sansed. They arrived in Haverhill, Mass., the same day
as the Thatcher, Primrose and West's Company, and when the latter made their
noonday parade, the "American Minstrels" acted as trailers. Strange to relate,
the T. P. & W. show did the business on that memorable, never-to-be-forgotten
evening.
Will F. Phillips was born in Albany, N. Y., October 31, 1873.
Eddie M.vzier is one of the cleverest of the latter-day minstrel comedians;
for a performer who can sing and dance equally well, and tell a story in such a
way as to bring out its best points, is certainly clever ; and such is Eddie Mazier.
His first appearance was as one of the team of Cain and Mazier, at Youngs-
town, Ohio, doing a black-face song and dance: the alliance lasted two years.
Other partnerships were — one year as Morgan and JMazier; \\Tight and
Mazier, three years, and Mazier and Conley, three years.
Mr. Mazier was with Haverly's (Nankeville's ) Minstrels, four years; two
seasons with Primrose's Minstrels, and with Lew Dockstader's Minstrels 1908-
'09-' ID-' I I.
Eddie Mazier was born at Niles, Ohio, March 14, 1873.
Harry C. Shunk began his professional career with a repertoire company
in 1887. He had to begin it sometime; and as 87 rhymed with Pleaven and 7-n,
there was no trouble in reaching a decifion.
In 1890 he joined Beach and Rowers' Minstrels; then came Sweeny, Al-
viedo and Goetz's Minstrels. Mr. Shunk was now thoroughly seasoned, and
became a member of Al. G. Field's Minstrels, with whom he remained eight
years.
Subsequently he was a season with Carncross's I\Iinstrels in Philadelphia,
and off and on for seven seasons with Dumont's Minstrels; same theatre; same
city.
Mr. Shunk played the black-face comedy part in "Hip, Hip, Hooray" a few
years ago. We hope it won't be such a long time before we see him again in
something similar.
Harry C. Shunk was born in Cardington, Ohio, October 25, 1872.
Ch.\s. D. Wilson began his professional career in an humble capacity in
his native city, where later he joined Primrose and West's Minstrels as drummer
in the band and orchestra.
Mr. Wilson quickly displayed talents that gained for him promotion ; and
later he was made treasurer of the company. Subsequently he cast his fortunes
with Lew Dockstader's Minstrels, and became manager of that company a few
years ago ; he continued under the Dockstader banner several seasons.
Mr. Wilson is at present engaged in an executive capacity with William A.
Brady.
Chas. D. Wilson was born in Seattle, Wash., June 10, 1872.
Augustus Phillips, a black- faced comedian? Well, not exactly a comedian,
but honestly, it did seem funny to see this handsome leading man of the Spooner
348 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY, '
Stock Company at the Bijou Theatre, Brooklyn, N. Y., week of April 9, 1906, play
Uncle Tom, in "Uncle Tom's Cabin." But then he played Othello about the same
time; and that was even funnier.
Tom Waters was known as a Boy Prodigy several years before he achieved
the popularity as a comedy pianist that later came to him.
But his minstrel career, which is of primary importance to readers of this
volume, began in 1892 as comedian and tambourine end with Charley Dock-
stader's Minstrels.
After some vaudeville playing, he joined Dumont's Minstrels in Philadelphia
about 1899, and remained there three seasons, part of which time he did an act
with Bill Barlow.
Mr. Waters is meeting with success in vaudeville with his specialty.
Tom Waters was born in Shenandoah, Pa., January 10, 1873; and Shenan-
doah is proud of it.
The De Rue Bros.— Billy De Rue (Willis De Rue Eldridge) and Bobby De
Rue (Robert De Due Eldridge), come honestly by the varied talents they possess,
for both of their parents were well known and capable musicians some years prior
to the event of their interesting offspring.
In 1883 the boys, in conjunction with their father and mother formed the
4 Brass Monarchs 4, traveling under this title for four years. In 1887
their father, Prof. R. D. Eldridge, organized the Eldridge Comedians and Con-
cert Company, consisting of a first-part and variety; both Bobby and Billy made
their debut as black-face performers here, each doing an end.
In 1893 the family separated; the boys at this time taking the name of
De Rue, by which they have since become so prominently identified. They sub-
sequently appeared with such well-known minstrel organizations as Cleveland's ;
J. H. Haverly ; Hi. Henry ; Gorton's ; Culhane, Chace and Weston's ; Hi Tom
Ward and the Fulton Bros. ; Ted E. Faust's, and Washburn's Big Double Min-
strels. They likewise appeared successfully in vaudeville.
July 15, 1904, De Rue Eros. Ideal Minstrels were launched, each successive
year bringing them new friends and laurels.
Billy De Rue was born March 6, 1873, at Conajoharie, N. Y.
Bobby De Rue was born at Little Falls, N. Y., May 21, 1877.
Doc. QuiGLEY (Dockery Ouigley) enjoys the unique distinction of having
spent his entire professional career in one minstrel company.
Mr. Quigley joined Al. G. Field's Minstrels at the age of sixteen as a song
and dance performer. Since then he has been stage manager, comedian, pro-
ducer and manager ; and equally successful in each capacity ; but Mr. Ouigley's
grotesque dancing is a feature that one remembers for a long time.
Doc. Ouigley was born in Columbus, Ohio, July 17, 1873.
Frederick V. Bowsers. The success of this young man lies in the fact that
he is an actor that can act, a singer that can sing, and a dancer that can dance ;
truly a rare trinity of theatrical virtues.
Mr. Bowers sang in the Grace Episcopal Choir in Boston, before starting
out on his professional career, which began at Keith's Old Theatre (Bijou ^ in
his native citv in 1888.
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350 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Subsequently he was with PauHne Hall in "Puritana," "Niobc," "Prodigal
Father," and other first-class companies.
In 1893 li^ joined Charles Horwitz, and as Horwitz and Bowers, for five
years played the cream of the vaudeville houses, singing their own compositions,
of which Mr. Bowers wrote the music ; among the best known were "Always,"
"Wait," "Because," and "When I Think of You."
Mr. Bowers' first minstrel engagement was with the Cleveland Company,
others were Frank Cushman's, Dockstader's in 1903, and Wm. H. West's (Ric-
aby's) in 1905.
He was subsequently two seasons with Mclntyre and Heath, in the "Ham
Tree," followed by as many seasons in vaudeville in his offering "College Days "
As a reader of a song Mr. Bowers has no superior in present-day theatricals.
Frederick V. Bowers was born in Boston, Mass., June 11, 1874.
Pete Detzel hails from the home town of such celebrities as Johnny Jen-
nings, Mark. Sullivan and Clarence Burton, naturally he must be good.
His first professional appearance was with Hi. Henry's Minstrels in 1895,
doing an end and acting as drum major ; Billy Van's Minstrels was next, after
which Mr. Detzel says he "laid away" for a few months. But one can't lay away
much while idle, so he played two seasons with the Ted Faust's Minstrels, and an
equal length of time with Vogel's Minstrels.
The best part of the past three years have been spent with Dockstader's
Minstrels. Mr. Detzel is now a vaudevillian with Billy Cawley.
Pete Detzel was born in Erie, Pa., November 25, 1875.
Bert Williams. This truly great colored performer made his first appear-
ance with Lew Johnson's Minstrels twenty odd years ago ; the remuneratinn was
$12.00 per week and "cakes" with an occasional chunk of pie. His next minstrel
engagement was with Martin and Selick's Mastodons — salary no object.
Mr. Williams decided on having a partner after this, and while in San Fran-
cisco met George Walker ; the rest is fairly well known.
Mr. Williams starred successfully in "Sons of Ham," "Bandanna Land"
and "Mr. Lode, of Koal." The partnership terminated about 1909.
Mr. Williams subsequently has played vaudeville, where he has been one
of the most pronounced hits of years. Always working with corked features,
he sings a song in a way that you always remember, especially is this true of
"Nobody," which will always be associated with his name.
Mr. Williams is a truly unctuous comedian, and worthy and deserving of the
distinction of having received by far the highest salary ever paid to any per-
former of his race.
In New York in the Summer of 1910, he was highly successful in the "Fol-
lies of 1910."
Bert Williams was born on the Island of Nassau, British West Indies, No-
vember 12, 1874.
The Bowman Bros, are frequently spoken of as the "brilliant brothers Bow-
man," and justly, too, for no duo of vaudeville performers to-day givo greater
promise than these two boys, whose versatility is a matter of much comment
among artists of more lengthy experience.
They have appeared in burlesque, drama, farce and minstrelsy, and in each
have scored unqualified successes.
WM. T.— BOWMAN BROS.— JAS. M.
FROM ■■ DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 351
Their first joint appearance was in a black-face specialty at West Point, Ky.,
in 1896; they then separated and played various individual engagements until
1902, when they joined the "Sandy Bottom" Company ; with this troupe "Bill"'
Bowman did a minister, and "Jim" Bowman did a rube, which was not the right
thing to do exactly ; there is some excuse for "doing" a rube ; but a minister —
never.
That same year they joined the stock at the Orpheum Theatre in Chicago,
and in 1903 were with Miss Grace George in "Pretty Peggy."
Subsequently they did a black-face act with that "youth" Jack Sheehan ; he
of the "Four Planets,'" likewise of the "Four-in-Hand."
Other legitimate engagements were the "Runaways," and their own produc-
tion of the "Isle of Mirth."
The seasons of 1907-08-09 were spent with Bob Manchester's "Cracker Jacks"
Company, where they resumed playing in black-face, and in which they still
continue.
July 31, 1909, they made their first appearance jointly with a minstrel com-
pany, when they opened at Union Hill, N. J., with Eddie Leonard's Minstrels;
Wm. Bowman playing on one end, and James Bowman officiating as interlocutor ;
and seldom in latter-day minstrelsy have these positions been more ably filled.
James Bowman played individual engagements with Harry Ward's Min-
strels in 1900-01 ; with Robert Loraine in "The Tragedy at Trenton" in 1904 and
\Vm. A. Brady's "Siberia" in New York in 1905.
Wm. T. Bowman played individual engagements with Wm. A. Brady's
all-star cast of "Uncle Tom's Cabin" in New York in 1904, and that same year
appeared with Wm. Morris in the "Business Man," and Joe Welch in "Cohen's
Luck."
Wm. T. Bowman was born in Munfordville, Ky., February 4, 1875.
Jas. M. Bowman was born in Munfordville, Ky.. April 17, 1878.
Mrs. Arthur L. Guy is the wife of — .Arthur L. Guy, naturally. For the
past seven years she has enjoyed the unique distinction of being the manager of
the Arthur L. Guy Novelty Minstrels, where she has displayed executive ability
of pronounced order.
B.^iLEY .A.ND Austin need no introduction to theatre lovers of the lighter
forms of amusement, for most of us have seen these brilliant young artists in
the "Top o' the World," and "Two Men and a Girl."
But as "corked comedians" — that's different.
Bailey and Madison did an acrobatic black-face song and dance about six-
teen years ago ; and Ralph Austin did a tip-top end with Al. G. Field's Min-
strels about the same time; he was also of the black-face song and dance team
of Austin and Curran.
Mr. Bailey deserves no credit for once having been a good black-face per-
former, for his mother (Polly Higginson) was a prominent dancer with the old
"Black Crook" (near joke).
Mr. Bailey was born in New York, November 5. 1873.
Mr. Austin was born in Dayton, Ohio, about 1877.
Eddie Leonard (Lemuel J. Tuney) says he entered his teens and Haverly's
Minstrels about the same year.
352 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
With the minstrels he selected as his favorite, wholesome Billy Rice, of
whom he was very fond.
j\lr. Leonard says he used to buy the New York Clipper each week, and on
these occasions he was immediately besieged by members of the company for
'■just one look" — which no one but Billy Rice ever got.
Mr. Leonard subsequently was with Thatcher, Primrose and West's Min-
strels ; Primrose and Dockstader's ; Haverly's ( Xankeville's ) ; Primrose's, Dock-
stader's Minstrels, and in 190S was one of the features of Cohan and Harris'
Minstrels.
A few seasons ago during the Summer months he appeared in New York on
the New Amsterdam Roof in white- face as Texas Dan ; subsequently as Dandy
Dan on another roof ; he scored a success on each roof with each "Dan."
Mr. Leonard's prominence is due to the fact that he sings a song different
from any other living performer ; a sort of a crooning lullaby, that goes direct to
the hearts of his audience; and the ladies say he dances divinely.
Certain it is that this undoubtedly clever artist possesses that mysterious,
indefinable attribute what we call magnetism, and possesses it to a large degree.
Late in July, 1909, he headed Eddie Leonard's Minstrels ; also early in
August — same year.
Mr. Leonard, also in 1909. headed for the matrimonial altar ; Miss Mabel
Russell, daughter of the late W. J. Russell, of the old team of Le Clair and
Russell, was his happy choice.
Eddie Leonard was born in Richmond, Xz., October 18, 1875.
Frank Morrell, the "California Boy," made his farst appearance as a boy
soprano with Cleveland's ]\Iinstrels in 1890 at Los Angeles, Cal. ; this was fol-
lowed by an engagement with Sells Bros. Circus, with whom he went to Aus-
tralia.
Returning •to his native heath he next appeared at the Bella Union Thea'tre
in San Francisco, subsequently playing an engagemet with Haverly's Minstrels
in the same municipality ; the latter being the high-brow term for the word city.
Later, Mr. Morrell appeared with success with several burlesque and farcical
attractions, and at various times was of the vaudeville teams of IMorrell and
Evans, and Morrell and Deely.
After a five-year tour of England and Africa, he returned to the United
States, and in 1906 formed one of the original members of "That Quartette,"
and continued with them until 1908, when, Cohan and Harris seeking for the
best vocal talent obtainable, cabled to Mr. Morrell, who was in England, an
offer that he just simply couldn't refuse. His success with this organization is a
matter of theatrical history.
In 1909 this clever young man made one of the most astonishing moves
ever recorded; it was no more nor no less than making the jump from ballad
singer to singing comedian, doing a black-face monologue that has given him
already an eminent position in his new field of endeavor.
Frank Morrell was born in San Diego, Cal., October 10, 1875.
D.\NA H. CL.A.UDit'S, the well-known young banjoist, is now of the team of
Claudius and Scarlet, but it Avas not always thus, for away back in the days
of 1900, and until the month of February, 1902. Claudius and one Edmond
Gilmore Corbin were members of the Primrose and Dockstader's Minstrels,
^
/r .1
CHARLEY iOX
CHARLEY PETTENGILL
CHARLEY SUTTON
CHARLEY HOWARD
CHARLEY REYNOLDS
CHARLEY REED
THEY WERE THE "CHEERFUL CHARLEYS" OF MINSTRELSY.
354 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
doing their classic act in black-face ; after the last named date they worked
in white-face. See James H. Decker for particulars.
Dana H. Claudius was born in Canandaigua, N. Y., June i, 1875; and
has been "hopping" ever since.
"Minstrel" Billy Clark (Wm. E. Clark) began his professional career
in a theatre, and has been around theatres ever since ; and this is how it
happened.
He entered his thirteenth year and the Powers' Opera House in his home
city at the same time, at the latter place he was usher ; he ushered so well that
he was promoted — he became scenic artist at the Grand — in Grand Rapids ;
this is not a joke.
At eighteen he made his first appearance in black-face with a local min-
strel show ; subsequently he played character parts, and did a monologue in
white-face.
His first minstrel show was the Crawford Bros. ; in 1895 he joined the
Hi Henry Minstrels and continued with them for five years ; then came Billy
Clark's Minstrels, followed by the season of 1902-03 with Wm. H. West's
(Ricaby's) Minstrels.
In' 1903 he made his initial bow with Al. G. Field's Minstrels, remaining
until 1905, when he became a vaudevillian for two years; he rejoined Field's
in 1907 and remained two years.
"Minstrel" Billy Clark was born in Grand Rapids, Mich., March 15, 1875.
Trixie Friganza, the popular youilg comedienne, celebrated the author's
birthday August 24, 1908, by blacking up and doing an end with Cohan and
Harris' Minstrels at the New York Theatre in New York City ; she sang "Fm
Glad I'm Married" — mind you, she only sang it.
Beverly Sitgre.wes showed her versatility at the New Theatre, New York,
just previous to the new year in a new character which everyone knew would
be a clever portrayal ; and it was.
She played the negro "mammy" in "The Nigger," December 6, 1909.
Harry A. Ellis (Ralph A. Grande), who was one of the singing duo of
Ellis and Mclvenna, also a member of "The Quartette," made his first pro-
fessional appearance at Rahway, N. J., March 12, 1900, with the Heywood
Comedy Company, in the play of "Mamma's Pet." It is the author's impres-
sion that Mr. Ellis played the title role. "Mamma's Pet" never had a met-
ropolitan run ; in fact, no run at all — but let bygones be bygones.
April 28, same year, he joined Primrose and Dockstader's Minstrels at
their inaugural performance under canvas ; this was at Newport News, Va.,
and Mr. Ellis sang "The Blue and the Gray," and what's better sang it so
good that he was engaged for the regular season of the company a few
months later, being the only vocalist of the "tenters" so honored. The tent
season lasted abotit seven weeks.
He continued with Primrose and Dockstader's until the dissolution of
that company in 1903 ; the same year he became a member of Lew Dock-
stader's Minstrels, and remained four years. Eight years of minstrelsy
FROM ■■DADDY" RICE TO DATE. 355
in black-face. Mr. Ellis has a robust tenor voice of high quality. He is
again with Lew Dockstader's Minstrels, 1910.
Harry A. Ellis was born at Potenza, Italy, February 20, 1876.
Herm.\n Marion (Etzer) joined Billy Pearl, doing a black-face act in
Lowell-, Mass., in April, 1899; and subsequently appeared with La Pearl's
Circus; Vogel and Deming's Minstrels; Primrose and Dockstader's; Gus.
Sun's; Haverly's (Nankeville's), and Washburn's Minstrels.
Pie continued with Pearl until the latter's death ; subsequently joining
Geo. Cunningham, one of the original "Brutal Brothers," and as Cunningham
and Marion have met with success in a white-face acrobatic act.
Herman Marion was born in Paterson, N. J., December 17, 1876.
Cecil Spooner. — This dainty, effervescent and charming bit of femininity,
who has won enviable honors as America's leading soubrette, and whose
popularity in Brooklyn, N. Y., and other places, including Centreville, Iowa,
seems to know no bounds, gave a delightful performance of Topsy in "Uncle
Tom's Cabin," at the Bijou Theatre, Brooklyn, X. Y., commencing April 9,
1906.
JiMMv Devlin entered the minstrel profession as a boy, and few were
better esteemed.
He was a clever dancer, but was best known for his baton swinging.
\\'e worked with Johnny Whalen for a time, and subsequently with
Doc. Ouigley.
He was associated with Primrose and West's ; Al. G. Field's and Wm.
H. West's Minstrels.
Jimmy Devlin died at Pitttsfield, Mass., July 31, 1901 ; age 24 years.
E.MiL SuBERS, the "Georgia Sunflower," whose rich Southern dialect has
delighted thousands, began life as a ballad singer in an amateur minstrel
show in Macon, Ga., in 1897, after which for three seasons he was a member
of the well-known repertoire company of Peruchini-Beldini.
A couple of weeks with Harry Ward's Minstrels in 1900, and 'then he
joined Al. G. Field's Company same year. In 1902 he became a member of
Quinlan and Wall's Minstrels, remaining two seasons.
On Christmas Day, 1904, he joined Geo. Primrose's Minstrels in Spring-
field, Mass., and continued with them until 1907. \
Mr. Subers subsequently entered vaudeville, and in 1909 formed an al- '.
liance with those clever black-face entertainers, Coakley and McBride.
Emil Subers was born in Sparta, Ga., January 7, 1877.
Artie H.\ll, in private life Mrs. Robert Fulgora, gives one of the most
faithful portrayals of the Tennessee and Georgia negro ever seen on the
vaudeville stage. Commencing March 18, 1901, Miss Flail gave a series of
splendid performances of Topsy in "Uncle Tom's Cabin" at the Academy of
Music in New York City.
■^ J.'^MES GoRM.AN, one of the most prolific producers in the annals of min-
strelsy, was the first to wri*-- a burlesque on the "Mikado" when that opera
356 M ON ARCH S OF MINSTRELSY,
had such a vogue here many years ago. Mr. Gorman showed it with Hav-
erly's Minstrels in San Francisco in 18S5. "The Princess of Madagascar,"
one of the most pretentious offerings ever shown with a black-face organiza-
tion, also emanated from the fertile brain of Mr. Gorman; and there were others.
Joseph Gortox. Jr., was the son of the prominent manager of that name,
and a musician and composer of extraordinary ability ; no less than three
operas, as well as several songs, have come from his prolific pen.
He had been several years with Gorton's Minstrels, and for about ten
seasons he did a musical act with Sam Lee, as Gorton and Lee.
Jos. Gorton, Jr., was born in Friendship, N. Y., May 30, 1877; he died
there December 10, 1908.
H.\RRY W. Smith, the pleasing young bass vocalist and interlocutor, has a
brief, but none the less meritorious professional career.
It began in 1904, doing concert work ; subsequently he was with Rich-
ard Carle's and other musical extravaganzas. July 31, 1909, he became a
member of Eddie Leonard's Minstrels at their initial performance in Union
Hill, N. J. In the Summer of 1910 Mr. Smith and Fred P. Russell launched
Russell and Smith's Tabloid Minstrels on the vaudeville sea, Mr. Smith act-
ing as interlocutor, the duties of which he performs admirably.
Harry W. Smith was born in Albia, la., November 3, 1878.
Geo. M. Cohan. It will not surprise many to know that this famous young
author-actor-manager-producer, etc., ever appeared in black-face ; the year
is said to be 1891, when he played Banty Bob in his father's production of
"The Molly Maguires" ; nor must it be overlooked that he was co-proprietor
and part producer of Cohan and Harris' Minstrels, the first performance of
which was at the Apollo Theatre, Atlantic City, N. J., July 27, 1908.
George M. Cohan was born in Providence, R. I., July 4, 1878.
Stanley Forde, whose ponderous' bass voice has been heard to such excel-
lent advantage in the "Geisha"; the "Talk of New York"; "The Man Who
Owns Broadway," and other popular successes, joined Primrose and Dock-
stader's ]\Iinstrels at the Victoria Theatre, New York City, about March i,
1902; singing a ballad in black-face. He finished the season with that or-
ganization, and the following one he toured with George Primrose's Min-
strels. Then Mr. Forde said, "Never Again" ; but that's what they all say.
Mr. Forde was born at Buffalo, N. Y., February 9, 1878.
Frank Leighton began his career as a black-face performer with a medi-
cine show, June i, 1897, at London, O. ; joined Burt Sheppard's Minstrels
March i, 1898, remaining until company disbanded at A\'aterloo, Wis., April
ID, same year. With this company he formed a partntrship with Ed. Elliott,
doing a talking and dancing act ; the partnership was dissolved January 15,
1899 ; Mr. Leighton shortly after became a member of the Vogel and Dem-
ing Minstrels, joining his brother Bert, with whom he has since been asso-
ciated.
Frank Leighton was born April 14, 1880, near Cowden, 111.
LUKE SCHOOLCRAFT GEO. H. GOES
(SCHOOLCRAFT & COES.)
JAS. M. TIERNEY TIM. CRONIN
(TIERNEY & CRONIN.)
f
A
^
jifl
HARRY HOGAN GUb. HOGAN
(HOGAN BROS.)
358 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
Bert Leigiiton joined Barlow Bros. Minstrels (Ward, Coburn and Bald-
win, owners), August 21, 1899, doing a black-face singing and dancing act'
with Walter Wilson, closing June 2, 1900. Leighton and Wilson opened
with Vogel and Deming's Minstrels, August 27, 1900; this partnership was
dissolved later in the season owing to the ill health of Mr. Wilson. Mr. Leighton
was joined by his brother Frank at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., December 8, 1900.
Bert Leighton was born in Altamont, 111., December 29, 1878.
Leighton and Leightgn's first appearance as a team was at Poughkeepsie,
N. Y., December 8, 1900, remaining the season. Other engagements were Vogel's
Minstrels; Pan-American Minstrels. September 15, 1902, they made their first
appearance in white-face at the Howard in Boston. April, 1903, they joined
Quinlan and Wall's Minstrels. Considerable time was given to vaudeville before
they made their appearance with Lew Dockstader's Minstrels, July 23, 1904,
ending May 8, 1905. July 14, 1905, they began their second season with
this company, terminating their engagement November 17, same year, since
which time they have been playing the best houses in vaudeville ; their pres-
ent oflfering "A One Night Stand in Minstrelsy" is a gem of its kind.
The Messrs Leighton in addition to being exceptionally clever dancers,
are authors of several songs that are recognized successes, among them are
— "There's A Dark ]\Ian Coming With A Bundle": "Eb'ry Dollar Carries
Trubbles Ob Its Own" ; "The Message of the Old Church Bell" ; "Ain't Dat
A Shame" ; "Casey Jones" and others.
Joe Leighton (Le Strange), better known as "Rags," made his first ap-
pearance with Lew Dockstader's Minstrels, at Harrisburg, Pa., October 31,
1904. remaining until November 23, 1906; shortly after this he 'joined the
Leighton Brothers, the alliance being known as the Three Leightons ; he has
been with them ever since, except for a brief period in the early part of the
season of 1908, when he was with Cohan and Harris' Minstrels.
Mr. Leighton is an eccentric dancer of uncommon ability.
Joe Leighton was born in New York City, October 7, 1887.
Billy Beard. This really clever performer who styles himself "The Party
from tlie South," actually is from that interesting part of the country which
has produced so many capable burnt-corkers.
Plis story is best told in his own language, and here it is — "Trouped
with Hypnotists, Magicians and sundry other "one night organizations" in-
cluding a season in repertoire at 10-20 and 30; the above includes several
journeys on foot and on top of box-cars."
Mr. Beard has an engaging personality which brought him engage-
ments with Ricaby's "West's" Minstrels ; Nankeville's "Haverly's" Minstrels,
George Primrose's Minstrels and Ted Faust's Minstrels. As a monologist
and comedian he ranks with the best performers of his time, which began in
1902 ; at present he is in vaudeville.
Billy Beard was born in Columbia, S. C, September i, 1879.
V.'iLL PiiiLBRiCK made his first and only appearance in minstrelsy as a
member of Primrose and Dockstader's Minstrels at the Victoria Theatre,
FROM "D.4DDV RICE TO DATE. 359
New York City, in the Spring of 1902 ; he sat on the end, sang "The Fortune
Telling Man"; did "some" dance and made every one clap their hands
awfully loud.
But Tm a trifle ahead of my story. His first appearance was selling
peanuts in Barnum's Circus in 1893 ; he came near being arrested for run-
ning a shell game. After that he became a real actor with "A Trip to China-
town" ; in this company he first appeared in black-face, doing a specialty with
Eleanor Falk.
Mr. riiilbrick played in other Hoyt productions, and "starred" for five
years in "The Beauty Doctor."
Likewise was he prominently identified with "Panhandle Pete"; Grace
Cameron Opera Company, and "Foxy Grandpa."
In vaudeville he was of the team of Philbrick and Cardownie, also with
Joe. Hart's "Bathing Girls."
^^'ill Philbrick was born in Boston, Mass., October 16, 1879.
Johnny Dove excels as a dancer, but whatever he does he does well; now
for the rest.
Mr. Dove's first stage appearance was with the original Bootblack
Quartette, in 1896; the following year with James Corrigan he did a black-
face act, which qualified him to becaome a member of Hi Henry's Minstrels,
where he remained six years. Lew Dockstader's M'instrels was the next
big show, and though Mr. Dove was surrounded by a galaxy of stars, his
own light was none the less resplendent. His next engagement was a
white-face affair with the Imperial Burlesquers, where he met with unquali-
fied success ; his own act "The Dancing Burglar" ; it has a story, and here
it is •
ACT I.
"As a boy. Master Dove in response to queries as to his future ideas in
life, gravely told his Father he would be a dancer or a burglar.
ACT 11.
In a dancing contest, one night young Dove "flew the coop" and hiked
away to the town hall while the family were in dreamland ; Johnny won the
coveted prize, a silver set of 24 pieces ; sneaked home, and placed his win-
nings on the table ; thence to bed.
ACT III.
Next morning, Dove Sr., being the first to arise, sees the new addition
to the family plate, hastily concludes that John had decided on the profes-
sion of burglar.
CURTAIN.
Johnny Dove was born in New Brunswick, N. J., April 15, 1879, and is
at present with Al. G. Field's Minstrels.
Eddie Cassady, a great Philadelphia favorite, is one of the most pleasing
of present-day comedians. His first professional appearance was with Sim-
mons and Slocum's Minstrels in 1893.
36o MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
In 1903 he became a permanent feature during the Summer season at
Atlantic City, K. J., with Murphy and Gibson's Minstrels; continuing with
them until 1907.
The Summer of 1908 again saw him at the famous sea-shore resort
with Murphy's JNIinstrels, with whom he has since appeared. The present
season of 1910 Mr. Cassady is doing one of the principal ends with Dumont's
Minstrels in Philadelphia.
He also played a white-face part with Gracie Emmett's Company — and
some day may play another.
Eddie Cassady was born in Philadelphia, June 17, 1880.
Tommy Hyde is justly entitled to take the highest rank with the younger
generation of dancers ; convincing proof of this can be had from the fact that
both Barney Pagan and James Gorman, the world's leading minstrel pro-
ducers, found his (Hyde's) assistance an invaluable auxiliary to their own
endeavors on various occasions.
His first appearance proiessionally was at Rochester, N, Y., with P. J.
Mundy, on a Tuesday.
For two years he played vaudeville houses, after which he joined Gil-
more and Leonard in "Hogan's Alley."
His next engagement was with Al. G. Field's Minstrels, and that gen-
tleman thought so well of Mr. Hyde, that the engagement was extended
until six seasons had been rounded out with that prominent organization.
Mr. Hyde subsequently joined Lew Dockstader's Minstrels, and re-
mained six years with the most famous of all black-face comedians.
Tommy Hyde was born in Fresno, Cal., February 10, 1881.
Vaughn Comfort belongs to the younger generation of minstrels, and has
all the qualifications that tend to make an artist ; youth and a handsome
appearance combined with recognized ability gained in the dramatic pro-
fession might be mentioned.
His first appearance was with the Empire City Quartette in Philadel-
phia, at the Globe Theatre, in 1895 ; he continued with them all that season,
serving also in the capacity of manager. Next came a brief tour with Carl
and Johnson's Minstrels.
In 1897 he joined the Irene Myers Stock Company, remaining seven
years all told. In between this engagement was one with the A. E. Davis
Stock Company ; here Mr. Comfort played leads.
Season of 1908-09 he was with Dumont's Minstrels in Philadelphia,
where he had the distinction of taking more encores after a ballad than any
singer of late years ever did in that house.
Seasons of 1909-10 Mr. Comfort became a member of Cohan and Harris'
Minstrels ; his work as interlocutor with this organization brought forth
lavish encomiums from the press in general, and the Metropolitan papers
in particular.
The present season of 1910-11 he is with Geo. Evans' Minstrels.
Prior to the last two engagements, he was with the Earl Burgess' Stock
Company, also with George Primrose's Minstrels.
Mr. Comfort's voice is a pure tenor; it is worthy of note that seldom
in minstrelsy has a tenor occupied the position of interlocutor.
TOM— WATERS & KELLY— XOLAX
LEW— COLLINS BROS.— FRANK
BILLY— WOOD & SHEPPARD— FRANK
MORT— EMERSON & COOK— JAS.
362 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
As this is a purely minstrel volume, it is in perfect good taste to remark
that he is a great "comfort" to his friends and family.
Vaughn Comfort was born in Philadelphia, August 7, 1881.
John J. Blue, an efficient dancer of the present generation successfully
conducted a dancing school in Hoboken, N. J., about eight years; desiring wider
scope ;for his talents, he engaged with the Cohan and Harris' Minstrels at their
inception in July, igo8; he remained the season, and re-engaged for 1909-10.
John J. Elue was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., October 31, 1881.
li.vKKY Jr}LSpN (Joelson) is undoubtedly the premier operatic black-face
comedian of the day; to hear Mr. Jolson warble selections from "Lucia" gives
one that Oliver Twist feeling — you want more.
The first thing theatrical he ever did was to become an usher at the Bijou
Theatre in Washington, D. C. ; in this way he got many good "tips." Mr.
Jolson next became a singer "in the gallery," same theatre; after that it was
easy.
His first appearance in black-face was with the Mayflower Burlesquers,
where he worked with his brother Al. About five years ago at Robinson's Park,
Ft. Wayne, Ind., he appeared for the first time in a single specialty, and since
then has played vaudeville.
July 31, 1909, Mr. Jolson opened with the Eddie Leonard Minstrels at
Union Hill, N. J., doing an end and his specialty.
May 4, igio, he sailed for Europe.
Harry Jolfon was born in Srednick, Russia, January 12, 1881.
Joe B. McGee didn't go to school with Mark Twain, nor did he start the
late lamented humorist on the road to fame ; but Mr. McGee and Mr. Clemens
were both born in the same house, and evidently Mr. McGee imbibed there some
of the humor created by the immortal wit.
His first professional appearance was with Robinson's Minstrels at Han-
nibal, Mo., in 1S98. Subsequently he was with Ward and Wade's, and George
Van's iNIinstrels ; also did he tour with his own minstrel company.
Mc- McGee joined Al. G. Field's Minstrels in 1909 for the season ; the fol-
lowing year he was in vaudeville with Russell and Smith's Minstrels.
He is a comedian of original methods, and a dancer of more than ordinary
merit.
Joe B. McGee was born in Florida, Mo., February 20, 1881.
George Jones, one of the original members of "That Quartette," was a
"boy singer" with Al. G. Field's Minstrels in 1896.
Subsequently he did meritorious work as a comedian with Wm. H. West's
(Ricaby's) Minstrels.
After the dissolution of "That Quartette" in 1909, Mr. Jones continued in
vaudeville as one of the team of Jones and Deely.
George Jones was born in St. Louis, Mo., September 22, 1883.
Will Oakland (Harry Hinrichs) possesses that extremely rare quality of
voice that is known as a contra-tenor, which he uses to the best advantage, his
enunciation being well nigh perfect.
AL. JOLSON.
FROM "DADDV RICE TO DATE. 363
IMr. Oakland made his professional debut with George Primrose's Minstrels
in Rochester, N. Y., February, 1905, and continued with that company until
he joined Lew Dockstader's Minstrels in 1907 ; he remained with Mr. Dock-
stader two seasons, after which he joined Cohan and Harris' Minstrels.
Early in 1910 Mr. Oakland joined Wm. H. Thompson in a high-class sing-
ing act, reviving a well-known trade-mark of two decades ago.
Will Oakland was born in Jersey City ,N, J., January 15, 1883.
Julian Eltinge (Dalton) is usually billed as "the artist without a peer;"
and you may believe it, every word.
The scion of an old Boston family, Mr. Eltinge adopted his present calling
for the avowed purpose of "killing time;" that he made a "killing" there is no
dispute.
He was a member of the First Corps Cadets in his native city, and when
this notable organization produced "My Lady" in 1899, Eltinge was cast for the
soubrctte role.
In 1895 the play of "Miss Simplicity" was written around Mr. Eltinge's
talents ; subsequently it became a vehicle for Frank Daniels ; afterwards he ap-
peared in "Baron Humbug" and other plays.
His first Metropolitan appearance was at the Bijou Theatre in New York
City in 1903, with "Air. Wix of Wickham." Later, and until July 27, 1908, he
played vaudeville engagements in the United States and Europe.
On the latter date he made his first minstrel appearance with the Cohan
and Harris Company, at Atlantic City, N. J. ; his success with this organization
was nothing short of phenomenal; he remained the entire season, appearing with
darkened features in the after-piece.
It may be of interest to know that during Mr. Eltinge's Cadet Days; he
played male juvenile roles equally as clever as when encompassed by skirts and
those other things that it is said females wear.
Recently, while fulfilling an engagement at the American Music Hall in
New York City, Mr. Eltinge performed his specialty a la minstrel.
Julian Eltinge was born in Boston, Mass., May 14, 1884.
Al. Jolson (Albert Joelson). Seldom in the annals of minstrelsy has a
performer risen to such heights, and achieved such success in the brief period
that this brilliant young performer has accomplished. Three years ago he at-
tracted the attention of Lew Dockstader, who saw him perform in the South on
several occasions.
Subsequently the latter engaged him for his (Dockstader's) company, and
in the Summer of 1908, Mr. Jolson made his first appearance with the latter's
minstrel organization. His success was instantaneouj and pronounced.
He remained with Dockstader all that season, and part of the next; after-
wards making his appearance in vaudeville, where if anything, he was even a
greater hit. In the vernacular of the Rialto, Mr. Jolson was a "riot."
Like everything and everybody, he had to have a beginning, and Mr. Jol-
son's first professional appearance was with Al. Reeves' famous Beauty Show.
Subsequently with his brother Harry, and Joe Palmer, as Jolson, Palmer and
Jolson, played vaudeville. Up to this period Mr. Jolson was working in white-
face.
364 MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
At Keeney's Theatre, Brooklyn, N. Y., he first applied cork ; and cork it has
been ever since.
Mr. Jolson is a comedian by nature born ; his monologue, interspersed by
clever whistling solos, fully merits the approbation it receives.
Al. Jolson was born in Srednick, Russia, May 16, 1885.
Neal Abel, who appeared with much success with Primrose's Minstrels about
four years ago, subsequently went into vaudeville with Dave Irwin. Mr. Abel is
imquestionably a comedian of more than ordinary merit; and anyone in Kansas
City, ]\Io., will tell you the same thing.
Charles Hilliard (Hurst). From chorus man to burlesque prima donna
in two" years is certainly going some ; nevertheless, that is the proud distinction
accorded ,to the subject of this sketch, who made his first professional appear-
ance with Frank Lalor in "Prince Humbug" in. 1908, in the minor capacity al-
ready referred to. The following year Mr. Hilliard was engaged with Cohan
and Harris' Minstrels, also as a chorus singer; before the season was over he
was playing a prominent part in the after-piece.
August 10, 1910, Mr. Hillard played for the first time, the principal female
role in the "Firemen's Picnic" with George Evans' Minstrels; his success was
emphatic.
Charles Hilliard was born in Sumter, S. C, June 23, 1885.
E.\RL Benham (James Benham) made his first professional appearance in
1903 in the chorus of "The Fisher Maiden," and has been fond of fish ever
since ; this is of course sith rosa.
It was in the year of 1907 that Mr. Benham acquired his first minstrel ex-
perience, and came face to face with a bo.x of cork. The following year he was
a ballad singer with Cohan and Harris' Minstrels, and in 1909 he began his
second season with that company, playing and end, working in a big song and
dance number and in the after-piece.
Mr. Benham is an accomplished dancer and possesses a pleasing tenor voice.
As a composer he has won conspicuous success, some of his best composi-
tions being "I'm Happy When the Band Plays Dixie," "My Little Rose of Kil-
larney," "Mandy," "May Moon" and "I Can't Think of Anything That's Half As
Sweet as You," the latter by all odds having one of the sweetest refrains heard
in years.
At the conclusion of the season of 1909-10, Mr. Benham, in conjunction
with John King, went in vaudeville, making their first appearance at the War-
burton Theatre, Yonkers, N. Y., May 22, 1910.
At the present time, Mr. Benham and Miss Efifie Snowden are meeting with
pronounced success in a clever singing and dancing act ; vaudeville, of course.
Earl Benham was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., April 15, 1886.
Sam. S.\nford built the first theatre ever constructed especially for a min-
strel company, in Philadelphia.
It opened August i, 1853.
"Bun" Granville (Bernard Ralph Granville). The distinction of being
one of the youngest of minstrel comedians belongs to Mr. Granville, who at the
CHAS. H. DAY
NED. GREENLAND
D. B. HODGES
JOHN P. ("CULLY") SMITH
WM. H. SMITH
WM. FOOTE
W. H. STRICKLAND
IIAKRY CLAPHAM
CHAS. R. BUGBEE
PROMINENT EXECUTIVES OF MINSTRELSY,
366 ' MONARCHS OF MINSTRELSY,
age of i6 years joined the forces of Al. G. Field as a song and dance performer;
and step by step rose in his chosen profession until he had the honor of sitting
on the principal end in the organization of the "famous Field funsters."
Mr. Granville remained in the above company until 1909, when he joined
Will Rogers to do vaudeville; he is still doing.
"Bun" Granville was born in Chicago, 111., July 4, 1886.
The Foley Twins began lives as newsboys in the metropolis, and were
endowed by nature with good singing voices and ditto dancing legs ; so it was
but natural that talents like those must have an outlet, which they quickly found
at clubs and entertainments.
Their first engagement was with the May Howard Company in 1899; it was
during this season that George Primrose heard of them, and made arrangements
for the boys to join Primrose and Dockstader's Minstrels, which they did at At-
lantic City, N. J., July 31, 1900; they remained with this company three seasons,
and with Dockstader's Minstrels two years ; their greatest prominence, however,
was achieved with Mr. Primrose in his vaudeville act, with which they remained
two years.
It is pleasing to relate that these boys cheerfully and freely give all credit
for their success in life to Mr. Primrose, of whom they speak in the highest
praise.
A season in vaudeville with Manuel Remain followed their last minstrel en-
gagement.
Johnny Foley was born in New York City, September 12, 1886; and Willie
Foley was born in New York City, September 12, 1886.
THE END.
Typical exponents of
Minstrelsy St Jt Jl
The Gorman Bros.
Jas. Gorman, Gen. Producer
FOR
Cohan and Harris* Attractions
^ c^ lif c^ e^ c^
John Gorman, with Marie Dressier,
IN
''Tillie's Nightmare"
c^ c^ c^ c^ c^ c^
Geo. Gorman, with Marie Dressier,
—IN
"Tillie's Nightmare"
William J.
McKenna
COMPOSER
and LYRICIST
..Writer of..
Many Minstrel
Hits of the
present
generation
Productions
GEO. SIDNEY'S
BUSY IZZY'S BOODLE
GEO. SIDNEY'S
JOY RIDER
CLARABELLE JEROME'S
JOYLAND
"Mandy Lane"
"Linda"
(Won't you throwaKissto Me?)
"Lady Love"
"Dancing on the
Levee"
"Emmalina Lee"
MAY IRWIN'S
"Matrimony"
and
"She Borrowed
My Only
Husband"
Writer of the
American version
"Has Anybody
Here Seen Kelly "
Wm. T.
Jas. W.
Bowman Brothers
M The "Blue Grass Boys" ii
Will and Jim;
e^ black and white;
tall and slim.
9^
In Vaudeville.
T H E
New York Clipper
The "Old Reliable"
printed all the nninstrel news and gossip more
than half a century ago; it still prints it in con=
junction with a weekly record of all the
important AA AA AA AA AA
Theatrical, Vaudeville,
Circus and Musical jl Jl
EVENTS AND HAPPENINGS.
Notable Players Past and Present
Now Running.
A complete history of the old and present
day favorites.
Get the " Reminiscense " Column.
Published Every Wednesday.
Price, 1 0 Cents Per Copy. Four Dollars Per Year.
The Frank Queen Publishing Co.^ Ltd*
ALBERT J. BORIE 47 West 28th Street,
General Manager. NEW YORK.
^ The Original Great Souttiern Tenor -^
BANKS W^INTER
Author, Composer, and Singer of the famous song
" WHITE WINGS "
and Sire of
>IISS >VIIVOIVA M^INTER
^^Hank'' Mudge
THE OLD TIME
CLOG DANCER
is still amongst the liv-
ing, and will be glad to
hear from friends. ^ t^
ADDRESS,
23 Duane Street, N.Y. City
The Original
GEO. De VERE
known of late years as
GEO. M. De VERE
Second Season Management
HENRY B. HARRIS
"Julius" in
"The Traveling Salesman"
Only 38 Years Blackfacing
ilntftt C Sto 1^ i^alU^ ffiolf^n
Present their compliments to
their many friends
TELEPHONE
ESTABLISHED 1895 12X3 MAOISOX
SQUARE
THE OLDEST AIVD BEST
ELK MAGAZrrVE .:. .:.
THE ELKS-
ANTLER
INC.
ARTHLTR C. JMORELAND
EDITOR AND PUBLISHER
1158 BROADWAY NE>V YORIv
=1 BUY=—
Theatrical
Programmes
AND
Photographs
of every description
Send list, with price desired
lOO
Edw. LeRoy Rice
Room 10, 22 N. William Street
NEW YORK CITY
"Cold Cream
•Jack* Haverly"
and full line of theat^
rical toilet accessories.
IDA H A VERLY
208 West 42nd St.,
New York.
F
a
m
o
u
s
M
ins
trel
s
^ ^5 f f ^ ff !
. /iM*-:'M-f„
--- C MmSTtiSi. iiALLKHi
Less than 4 per cent of
the above groups origin-
ally reproduced in 1866,
are living. An enlarged
photo, with names of all
the performers can be
had for 25 cents,
EDW. LEROY RICE
Room 10, 22 N. William Street
NEW YORK CITY
The Great English Vaudeville Paper
The Music Hall
■AND-
THEATRE REVIEW
14 Leicester Street, Leicester Square,
London, W. C.
Professional Advertisements, = = 2s. 6d. Single Column Inch
Foreign Subscriptions, - • » = 8s. 8d. Per Year
"Madison's Dudc.^t is a
valuable publication for
performers ami others. I
consider you one of tlie
best parody writers that
we have."
The Late
TONY PASTOR.
"Madison's Hudget re-
ceived and would say that
one dollar is not enough
for such good stuff. The
price should be live
dollars and no questions
asked."
Yours in German,
SAM BEKNARD.
The Recognized Book of its kind Used
by Best Artists the
World Over
MADISON^S
BUDGET
"Use my name any
time you want to and
tell them I said Madi-
son's Budget is the best
ever ! Fine and daisy
and worth a hundred
times the price."
lACK NOKWORTII.
"I have been a Bud-
get subscriber from the
start, and you can count
on me clear tlirough to
the linish. Enough said."
FRED NIBLO.
"I am hard 'audience.'
but your stuff made me
laugh right out."
LONEV HASKELL.
*T must compliment
you on the absolute
merit of Madison's Bud-
get. You have dis-
covered a new field and
it is a boon to vaude-
ville artists."
HARRY MONTAGUE.
"By long odds the
brightest aid to vaude-
villists is Madison's Bud-
get. It is the source of
nearly all the jokes and
gags used on the vaude-
ville stage."
N. Y. JOURNAL.
"A laugh in every
line."
THE LONDON
ENCORE.
Hvindreds of other en-
dorsements from such
artists as Marshall P.
Wilder, Fannie Fields,
Maude Courtney, Wil-
son and Waring. Her-
bert Lloyd. Will H. Fox.
James Dona van, Law-
rence and Harrington,
lunie McCree, Lydia
Veamans Titus, Frank
Latona, Jules Gairison,
etc., etc.
The Book of Ten Thousand Laughs
MADISON'S BUDGET is a year-book
of comedy for vaudeville artists and
contains the latest and best monologues,
sketches for two and more characters,
parodies and popular songs, minstrel
first-parts, farcial afterpieces, sidewalk
patter, jokes, gags, stage poems, etc. etc.
PRICE ONE DOLLAR
for which the latest issue will be sent
you postpaid. it it it it it
JAMES MA13ISOIV
llOl. THIRD AVENUE,
NEAV YORK
ACTS ALSO WRITTEN TO ORDER
JUST DELIGHTED YOUR MONOLOGUE GREATEST .OF SUC-
with the monologue you THE BEST CESS
have written for me, as j ever used. You can is all I can say about the
IS the audience wherever gQ ahead on another new monologue you wrote
I appear. one tor me. for me.
JOE WELCH. pp^ wrr.ri-T NAT CARR.
MATERIAL SIMPLY
GREAT
Anytime 1 have a sick
BEN WELCH.
AFTER LOOKING
ROUND
ACT IS IMMENSE
Every line a laugh.
part in a show I shall i found the real vaude- ^^1' "f" ''^P'^"n *'''" "^
i„r»l„ rail on old Dr .,, " • !"'=/="" v""": will always call on you
surely call on oia ur. y,|ie writer. Tames Madi- ;,, f,,t,,rp
Madison.
JACK NORWORTH.
son. Gee, 1 m glad.
AL. CARLETON.
EMERALD & DUPRE.
THREE PEOPL~ MORE TH 4N ''^^^^ REFER TO
RESPONSIBLE PLEASED Lew Fields, Lew Dock-
for my success, viz.: . , ., , . , stader. Joe Morris, Al.
Edward S. Keller (my ^'"' '^e new material i.e^ch, Howard and
agent), James Madison you«""c>te for me Have Howard. Pat Rooney,
(my author), and yours "^ed all of it with great ujny jj. Van. Wynn
truly, results. ^„^ Lee, Wm. E.
FRED DUPREZ. CHARLES WAYNE. Whittle, etc., etc.
For Prices and Terms Address as above.
The Stage Publications
The English professional journal with the largest circulation.
Covers the Dramatic and Vaudeville Stage of the world. Published
Thursdays. Price 2d. American Subscription 17s. 4d. per annum.
Price 10s. 6d. (American Postage 8d.)
Compiled by Reginald Clarence
An alphabetical list of plays, of which any record can be found,
since the commencement of the English Stage, giving authors' names,
dates and places of production, and recording principal revivals.
500 PAGES. 50,000 REFERENCES.
Wl\t ^tagf f ?ar Innk.
An annual publication, issued early in January, containing
numerous art supplements and illustrations and dealing with the
theatrical work of the year throughout the world. Price Is, cloth,
2s. American postage 8d. A few copies of the years 1908, 1909
and 1910 can be obtained.
PUBLISHING OFFICES: 16 York Street, Covent Garden,
London, W. C. England. THE STAGE can be obtamed in NEW
YORK at Messrs. Samuel French, Ltd. Wheeler Building, 28-30
West 38th Street. Paul Tausig's, German Savings Bank Buildings
and Casino News Stand. Morris Kasdan, 1402 Broadway; in
CHICAGO at the Saratoga Hotel News Stand.
The Albert Davis
COLLECTION OF-
THEATRICAL PHOTOGRAPHS
is one of the largest in the world.
I can supply you with ANYTHING; all branches of the profession represented,
PAST and PRESENT. Prices quoted on application.
"MONARCH OF THE GLEN "—A handsome photo-engraving, 8x10,
containing portraits of famous players, and the first officers of the B. P. O. Elks,
Feb. 16, 1868. Price 25 cents.
ALBERT DAVIS
15 MYRTLE AVE., BROOKLYN, N. Y.
Stageland's Weekly Pictorial Record it it it it
The Standard and VANITY FAIR
The Weekly Theatre Magazine
Brighter^ Breezier and Larger than Ever
Under New Management
EDWARD EVERETT PIDGEON, Editor
All the popular features retained. Augmented staff of Writers and Artists.
Latest and most reliable news and gossip of things theatrical, music, vjmdeville.
College Sports, The Swirl of Society, Sports of the Smart Set. Stage Gowns that
set the fashions, etc.
Subscription ^Raies : One Year, $4.00, Six Months, $2.00, Three Months, $1 .00.
Single Copies 1 0 cents each.
Subscribe Now! Subscribe Now!
B ... . n
^ To the Dramatic, Musical and Kindred Professions <|
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Demoted to the affairs of the Ihama and cMusic is publishea at
"THE ERA" BUILDINGS
5. Tavistock Street, Strand, LONDON, W. C. Two Doors off Wellington Street.
Number
Fiye
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Street,
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W.C.
'THE ERA" BUILDINGS. THE EDITORIAL AND ADVERTISEMENT
OFFICES OF "THE ERA" 5, TAVISTOCK STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.
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Era" Buildings, Tavistock Street, Strand, W. C, will be immediately re-addressed according to
instru<5tions. American and Foreign Artists are welcome.
1- 1 _v „ „ ^ 4747 Central Telegraphic Address: "The Era, London."
Telephones ^ J433 ^^^^^ ^^^^^ Address: " "
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THE
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II II
Patty of the Palms
A charming and romantic novel depicting
the politic and social life in Porto Rico
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A much discussed book which has re-
ceived no end of favorable criticisms.
$1.25 NET
A Sl A
Send all orders to
KENNY PUBLISHING COMPANY
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A few copies of my first bool^
" / 000 Men of Minstrelsy
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and places of births and deaths of eleven hun-
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To dose out; 25 cents each.
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