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THE
MONTHLY REVIEW-
-ii.;»
O R,
LITERARY JOURNAL:
A
Fro* JONt 177 j, to January 1774.
with
AN APPENDIX
Containing ihc Foreign Lituatdii.
By SEVERAL HANDS.
VOLUME XLIX.
^y^
LONDON:
Printed far R. Griffith*:
Aft4SoJdb;T.BicKiT udCo. fa&eScra*!
M>&CC»LXXiV.
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.51 '.;
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TABLE
TO THP.
Titles, Authors Names, kc. of the Books
and Pamphlets contained in this Volume.
N. B. For xiwAHKABLr Passages, fee ibc INDEX,
-t the Eod of the Volume.
British Pt: blic atjohb.
. Voi ihc LVhituriof tncFo&eic* «tkT«f» fee the Uft page of
<U Table.
A.
*S Arefei!tel«re, Ne>. I.
P«£* 4$ i
AiuKi, Wm> oo tfceSiosc, Bee,
A»av hi* Young Sra-
Oficei't Ai&ftant, 4C6
Ac*of UicSjxrifman. t&>
P.ov •r'i Dtfcouifeon the Adran-
t3j;r» of the btfitiirSiteatsoa of
GJfttl .<; -S'
Bo wt i>. Dr. Sec DcroiiTios*.
Bott-St ki it Opera, 396
fir l lDt Ste A Bt,
Burt HM. of the Purjtint, 76
British Spouter, a|j
Aor*»TAOti of a Settkcaem on 'BkrPOKr'A Tour tl.roupfc Sicily
d 1 01 ■.,
6S
0* eating 1
4-=
Bmf,
'• Milec!Wn>e-(
reviTi
Ai t'i Right at :
A\ ri Pant "ti>*#
A*twl« wiJhrpp,
ArtttL 10 the Quaker «, *i
Arr^MJix to U-; Viuilull At*-
to Ab'J^j
A»V>TRO.^
TjATcxitot, 9ce RetAri.
** Bat rot a on into
iifiijr on Truth iWwn
D»Ufe?ht«k*!, 49
and M* Ifc 115
Buim'i Mikrtlltny Srrmon:,
BtfuwiT nn rite Oti^in k.
graft oi I^n^uagc, 166, 4*1
Bvanrrr's j*elcnlSwt* oi Mufic
in (j Vc-
By row'* Mi
C.
f^Anx'i Trrrli.
Catc- Set Maifcfl
Cicilia ; a Novel. t?o
Cnapmaw on BdocH] t3
CHifOfit'i Lr" 70
Ca)B>TsarilL»'a WictirHhn, 401
it Sweepers a Town he
logue, 65
PiiritUcnv 2 jo
_ pjtrtotifm IVR-y^. 331
LiA«K an Dileiie* it long
age», &e.
Ct*» !i»onof Telcrrn-
chts, 1 i 6
At Coqvh'%
CLQH T.EKT S */
See T»M^
■&uh« Proceedings taawCaft
Fa»BIONABC* fttofclcK ni 69
-PATMrOotoniMiv"> i<o
ij' fiMfcOi wi&*xfimm, a^a
'Vbllowb'i Hfmns, fcb»ot 505
¥hcp>ow. Jol*, bit Wtimmw
of tho SfiaiofcaJv v*c j ro'tebt
,'his-Kc3u-
nicaLEsertiait, '. -T-.t-joi^
i*
gooey » TcHnfU*n»pMfaraoln -EriKg^Atirinrriq,
. of the Amtodtm Sodeajv' 309 * ■ amoral J -• ,.F. 5 ■:
CoLL*cwP*o£irl*iiocw, 148 i pAinoAi,
,, Tic«en98o,i6o9M^if»4i8,
CAAji»o«ibrioadiWi6% 407
C*a**or» on. thcFtedon of
fca*% t 437
Cube on the lift of JiMUm,
. &c 149
T^A lb YMfLi'* Memoirs of Gr.
** Britain sndlrelind, Vol. U. I
Pef£«ce of the Dimity ofCbrift,
DtifiNA. 6etLAKotroftHt«
DiPOiiTiOMtt ice, ta theCaafc,
&Cr agauft Dr. Bowleg 153
Di»ft*-ri*, iMafialDmnv S96
Discord* a Satire, 504
.DuinTUiiTiD Marriage, 409
.^•sbntrrs Catwhifm, 509
Drafirr's Addrefs to the People,
TO
Drowning* See. Johnston.
;" Sec Coo au.
VDivry'i U.]«fi>tk«i of Natnral
Hiftory, Vol. IL asx QA^itWIUUmbV WwIII,
: DoiLLur, 1 Cowed;, 39° and IV. t-iute 3*7
Dr-ibc Negro, 63 CiibanMS -SahtmC^M of
E. . . .
EtAer India Afaire, Pawphlrta re-
- wngto, , jjfcj1'
Edward* on religioac aMbbb*,
- 158
Elu s's additional ObC on the Pre*
; ferration of Seed*, . $09
Emma, , _ 69
FlTZGRRALO'l
, maav'T " w -;' /u4*wo*i'a6
FLarCRlR^Saraon on the Earth-
quake ia fihxopfllinj; a 0 J 1 1 5
FoROvLa-wr, aP&em, -^-*L tip
FoTRaaoiLL and Ixedtv-Paxn-
phie^loc, sdetingtoy > t/73
Fowwi'sAppc«ol»-t*eae<lflr»aon
. Toleration* ;•-■; o ;■'. 1 •. Jpo
Fl*»JUA*T.0f Lif*t^tmA.lo I4J
Fan Thought* c* -A^tfeeearies,
. .Ao/VO 5: * » * li .ft (UftAlQ
G. ^»A
AbnAawii .":* ;T;uT.io|ec
GiLLVSnM»aaRi<Tisi6Bi en
GeweiU AaUee* Miahv^attc,
. .*.* \»w5 :"*;*■-* :'acmv|o4
Granger's -Sermon on Indolry,
Grannt'i Prediction, J 14
Grant r*0 Pwm^aiEc** ^3:
Enfield's EiigliJh Pieecbci, 77', GBOiaV4adio«riei .of -ftajand
■ : Jia bjb1W«Bj -r-.-,- 1-1*47
I
;^ncu«V« Naval Rajpfar, 148
. xJruTLi from QoeenQptvea to
\> Jafe.Banka* $03
. '. Esb a y on the high Price o/Prori-
. fiom, .14
'■■'■'' ■ 1 on prodociag moral Ef-
fects from phyfical Cajifcf, 314
.-»,■. ■ » on the Qualulcaueabf an
Architect, ■ $08
"— — on ihc Joflict of God, 5 1 1
Essays from the Batchelor, 934
EasKiNi'e Town Eclogues, 148
H.
-578
UAanBtaht Grove; t z ^ fo8
, * Hamilton's Conic SecXmi
trsjt&uad# "± i-1-.;. :• 51B
Ha n way on the Chimney Sweep-
ers, • < ;.**<fi9
Haffislms, a Poemf : B31
Hatxoh.ob Clock Work* > ^99
■ 'a Efliy on Gold Coin ,j rs
HAWKRsaffOBTRV*a PuUkauoa of
the Voyages huhe Soa^aan He-
. mifphere, 136, 286, j<;5, 479
Henry's
ttt ENGLISH BOTOX S.
J
Hxtaiu oo ftfce Element* of
Spctca, »3
Hiu'i Poxaeott Ar you Neigh-
bour. 40$
liitroar of ike BrkitoDoroanioe*
•a North Amnio. 18
> of Lord AAboca, 69
■ of iW Uairerftfy ofOc-
fce< * t?4
rfHWi, 4'<>
Hoi tow a r't Rat-trap, 312
Bm* ia Deapair, 334
HouurcK'i Eafeyoei tWLtver-
f»oJ£pa. 4ll
Uo»4is's S^ge of Taaaor, 446
1 1 Ml 0 «
Acoa oa broad Wtecxa. 65
JitwinvAvi Swedift Co-
rxt*. t 14S
iVMlM ia**> iW PrttUtc of Im-
pnruiwt£x IMix.
Jen mo*'; Accoact of <a»e Society
ef Aratgidlflj for th» Kajpottry
- itcfttamxd, tot foot. too,
Jo*ii, £. aa Vaa-.j Geofjac&r,
Arc 66
Jos** V«. biUr.r
Stat, laaa 380
■■> Uofc^A, oo^utQgPkying, cu
Joiti*'* Remark* oa&ckiaixal
HblvYuauJV. and V. 189
lifMUi s> oft Mount Ho**), 504
j 1 110*1 Leeteti co Ld.Nor th# 6tf
|^E»t«'i Mooutncnt in Arcadia,
130
KiwrirryTr. See Nxw.
Imtcc'i new 41056* Dio>. 93
£* ht 1 1 m Cndctxm, ■ f oeaa, 3 1 7
IAdt'i A£fUac SW- the Tab!*
61
2 Mtciioaxi't Traait of Dt-
4oi
>o tbeCMd-Ud Fcrer(j:)7
akViHiii. of Ireland. oox,
. . . ■ -w *
Lxret* SO RandoipU, 75
— to S* RkhaadHoduca,
LeT*e« to il» Qtrgj cf Nor-
Mk# xo 1
Lit t x as 0/ Lady Roftl, j£
1 oa **• 'COpKrtOOKM of
104 Wind. ?0
»T*0. to chePrefaiev^g
Lawix'x Remark, os Artxuhrw'*
Ieqoiry, |C|
Linn**'*. SwYkats.
loewt* ooMiliur>E«la«4troo,4co
Lovx of Order, m
Lyiomoo revert, Ac. i>*
MAui!>M' « Comedy, 510*
MacbEak'i DiQJoavr of
oeekncQe^opJiy, ,--
MACKClH'l AdoIo?v, 51-
M am. IM. of the Ilk of, -
Maitti#i Hid. of the War to N.
America,
#71
Ma*aio7t'i Jefoii, a Pccm, 46
Mi Die 41. xndPJiilufophicalC'oen-
axutaries Pan fi. -:i
Mx(.iior«"xTranilauoQof Cice-
reA Cxto, , _ ^
MiMOiasof Col. Digby. *c JJ?
MiChailu's IVttcrs to Prf gle\
MitstV tetter to FieMinjr.
IXMctiLANXOwiPwocj byj.and
A. L. Aikin, 4:1
Ml>C*Ll*5T ScTTOfB*. 4;*
MoMTaaSNjr.ofSeroenfer
Mu»a bcatoflixnap, i4f
N.
J^Aoow, o-pomap im
Nsvr Translation of Lctaeri
from Abbe • • * Id Dr. .
Nichon'x Oration dt A*ims2dt-
/-i>, Arc. 3S3
Noa»o4.cjtN«ix, SccTt.
Nob *an*s Lcicrn en Ss'brcrip-
rSfm, 7g
NootrHOv-r't Hifi.of Lop. Jon.
36. Concluded, ^C
o.
COttTJBNtTS /
MBerBa. See Epistle.
XJ Ode on. the Death of Lord
. Lyttelton, 317
Ope on a View of " the Crefcent
' at Bath, 225
b Halloram'h Introduction to
the Hill, oflreland, 193
Ohio. See Advantage*.
Qrangs Girl at Footers to Sally
' Harris, 6j
Origin and ftogrtb of Language,
166, 42 1
Or k's PoiVnomoUs Sermons, 267
Or R brv's Letters from Italy, .81
Othello, by the Editor of Lea a,
65
Owen's Sermons at Boyle's Lec-
ture, 75
Oxon u Explicata, &£ I J4
P.
pAiMER, John, his Letter to
* Ba'-'uy, 158
Palmer, Sam. his Dilfenter's Ca-
techifm, 509
Pandemonium Ballet, 65
Pantheon, a Poem, 230
PANTHEONITES, 232
Paul's Par;(h Officer, 507
Pemberton's Phyfiology, 149
Pennan 1 N Genera of Birds, 61
Pbrcival's Eflays, Medical and
Experimental, 287
Pernety's Voyage to Falkland's
Iflandi tranflatcd, 403
Phi li. is Whcatley's Poems, 457
Piiipps on the Original of Man,
lc6. Anftver to ditto, 157
Physicians, a Satire 314
Poems by a Gentleman cf Cam-
bridge. 239
Poet, a Poem, 230
Power of Fancy, ^ 64
pRFSTON'sMeditationsontheSea-
fons, 156
Priestley's Inflitutes of natural
* and levealed Religion, Vol. II.
Provisions, Pamphlets relating to
the Prices of, 14* 151
Prudential Lovers, ico
fupoicoMBB's Mariner's InUrue?
1 tor, j " 66
Puritans. SecBaiip^
fXLE's Sermons, * ' 34
QUakem. Sec Appeal, fee*
, FoTHERCILL.* rjl .
... It
T> Ake, a Novel; ' "" ' 33!
. Rand's Tabid of GoM Coid,
* 51a
Randolph oa tfc Jewlffi Law,
Register of Folly. S ~ r&t
RspoRt, THird end YaS.'oflhe
' 8e)eA Committee on Eafi-KcU*
AJftfri, ■- : ';: $tp
Review of " Tbe P■t^iciaixs,,' 6^
Rolt's HiJbry of the fl& of Map,
RtfasBL,.Lftdy, her Letters, 56
Run el, Mr. his Translation' of
Thomas's Eflky on Women, 154
CCot*h Parent*, . 60
u ScoTT'aDigeftoftheHighwty
Aa, 498
Scourge of Ealfe Patriots, 505
Search after Happraefc,
Sermons to Asses,
Sermons, Colleclions of.
Burn. See Enfield.
Sermons, fingh, 79, 160,
eoi
3»9-
514
Shartspeare, by Johnfon and
Stecvens, m 420
Shamrock. See Collection*,
Simplicity, or domeftic Poems,
S°4
Sims on Epidemic Difordcrs, I49
Skeeler's Sermons, 235
SwvLLETT'sOde tolndependence,
$00
Socratic Syftem of Morals, 72
Statutes at Large, ^to.Vol. XI.
506
STRACHEY'iNarratireof the Mo-
tiny of the Officers in Bengal,
3'+
Struen ; e e, Count, his Cafe, 73
Suicide, 1 Poem, 504
Surry
tht ENGLISH BOOKS.
■I
Svat* Ttiu-mph*ti.
T.
TA«o*/Skstof, » T«*edj,
JL
Tn»Tli, *S
Jittwrm'i Utdiui <
i im tfie ?*feat Dif-
frt-.Vi of Great Biiuln. 4*0
rt, by the Society of Auti-
■ Appendix 10 diico, s°7
tn- and from V 4° J
feitsfttla,
fYT .cnUC* taatSut>.
irft, 6* ihcR^rkwcn **d AW--
B - - v
.;«kk ACtay.
)bf. on Ttnom
Oh 38*
ViuN Key to ihc Tutor'* Guide,
fij
Tragi*
V{>Tt* and Proceeding m Lodoi
0:
Un«yiM4*T*a Ex^ricnced Sulu
tor, 5.
w.
1X7Em.it'. Remark* on HiU't
Farrago, 175
WgaroK's Traces oa Agriculture,
oewEJit.
' 30O3f. V*:!. ill. 413
« ■ CiJeoci '» Kako4afff
508
W lire on pregnant Wonico, jop
Wiuti'- SaeTvi
"Wort hi h HxfX-
nni-;n;s oo tha Spa nejr Um-
** .. 4V
WoRT»t»CT0Kt Dr. bin Thcoiy
ofihcR< 444
V/ynsb'i Evelina, 147
y.
YE^7 3% Translation of Linnarua
Oft afifrcbi }cp
•TENT*
UlAHD'SBirFORD\JVFK»-\TfIVEBSmr
.
1
- " "V
V\
&.
r
THE
MONTHLY REVIEW-
O R,
TERARY JOURNAL:
From Juki 1773, to January 1774.
with
AN APPENDIX
Containing the Foiiiok Litsiatuu.
Br SEVERAL HANDS,
r-t-^ i — .-**
VOLUME XL1X.
• r *
LONDON:
Mated for R- Griffith*;
A»4 SeM fcy T. Bcckit ud Co. la <ke Stnad,
*,dcc,ixxif.
» "
,51 '.:
; o { i r r *! :% ;;
1 ia4oo6i
.. /*
V>t'*-
* «
• ■* • .*; .". *** . •. •• * , • .
.." I. 1/T .': l/t ' ' ■ U "•' ■■ -'>r>:!:
*, . *J""V!
I "1
; !■■ u a VL J J
TABLE
TO THE
TiTLts, Authors Names, &c. of the Booki
and Pamphlets contained in this Volume,
N. B- For KEUAftKAitz Pauaoii, fee the INDEX,
at the En J of :he Volume.
British Publications,
«*% Foe the coKTxwta of the Foxricw ankles, fee the Uft page of
ti* Table
AD
A.
u*t ArtHtttOnre, No. I.
An«j, Wn. on Ac Stonr, Ire.
t«V
A»awi, Jofci, hfa Yoanj5 Sri-
Oftccr'i Afluiiot, 406
Ac*niUie$porffman, aaj6
A&vajtagh of 4 Sculctntiil on fiiYDo.si'i Tour through
iiooorfcon inr AdVin-
ug«* of the idfdUf Situation of
Great Britain, -8
Bowlu. Dj. S« Diroiino\3.
Bon*-$Ti»».r Opera, 556
Bktad. See An* arTaov*,
Burt* Htt. of tn» Puritans. 76
Iftltltll SpOUtff,
&»
tie or*
61
Breai,
Aw ■ »'a Mrfccltflrinp *
r*r*», a Cosxd;.
'p. * Mttqur, rcrtrr
Right at I. alt, 400,
. »*, jrti
A» i%i ft ioFh»pf*, ij7
Arr#*t to ilic Qgtl
ArriNDiz 10 lLc Vauxhall A:"-
A«c»iAKOto- 1 • ; I'»*eV "fitting
to Aot>qui:v, Vol, i'
AlTtBM. ft iVrm, 113
B.
|*ATCfitr.oft. See- Essay:.
ifctaV ;ia
on TVut* C*wn
tt be ■opWftiCat, M
■ and Mala. : : . 115
s 4*4
Bvftivtr on the Origin and Pro-
£ftfi of Language)' 166, 4:1
BwftreT 1 prefer I State of Mutic
in Germany . Ac.
ByromV Mifrcllanie*,
C
£\A*a'*Trantl. ofl.ijciJB,
Cato. SceMTLworu.
1 icl.
CHAPwhM on Rilucifran,
Ch.'Wr'i Lct?r<
r tariiLa't ■, 401
^tv Sweeper*. ■TovrnEe-
Ioroc. 64
Ci rv Patricians, 750
— — P r«d, 131
C:..\hk M Diicitc. in long Voy-
ages, ic, i-»
CSlk« ta'iTrtnrtinWi ofTetemt-
chts y«Cj
A«» Ccj.s'i
*4«
i6t
«
TO
oftheAmfterdamScoety^oot- fiuomf? -\-F. •.:> jm«**v«
Collicwpw ottrifoFocms, 148 . pAaaioAs. See Tmim;!
^'^i»l>WM»«ctiri»fc-Ui^ 2.*Ai«c«arite^aie6Brf<ljir|5x
, Tiewent8o,i6o,>«6^5lf»4i8/iUKTBKR Proceedings ia^taf*Ufe
.Cu^ilivtlfnw1! 4°7 tfBaVigmy -1 •• f*o-i>'5i7
Crawjoad on the Fitsadoo of Fashion* axe Wead; h>W ni 69
Platte •. 437-'
Ckibk «* *e Ufc of iajectiaw,
*c M9
D. -'
r\Ai«TMrLiVMemoin of Gr.
*^ Britain end Ireland, Vol. II. t
P*r sues oftheDiftoitj ofChcift,
Dinina. See Lakorokm.
DaroiiTiONS, Ace k the Caufc,
pATAvGotawaiecv'* ■ ■ " ■ >fO
I' u.Cfcfli WPeoepeiMi, 132
Fbllow*'s Hymna, Jwol 505
JfiRcuiow, Jofca, hii DiflitoTy
of die mmmeimV ore: -~w>s
■■ . : , J««aeWhU'Me*V
meat Bam tlma» ' its.vjoJ^jj
Fitzgiiald'i A<
FLiTCHS^Senoon on the Earth-
&C agaiaft Dr. Bowto, 153 qoake m fhroprhirc; tojftfcij
Tai^aMiifcalDrtia*, 596 Fovo-Lever, a Peem^ ■ ^_ i,'tp
DuWtir,
Piicord, a Satire, 504
.Diai»ti*k*T8d Marriage, 409
PmiMTiaa Cetcchifm, 509
Deanta'a Addrefa to thePeople,
70
6ee
Fothikoill and Leedev^fanv
phfettJflfc ftlai»Bgtcv^P^73
Fowk » '1 Appeadi* ■» naatfrta on
Toleration, -. • c i vocin ^09
Jdhmtoh. Fan Thooght* on Apotheeari«,
.ftCf-vr- * rh li .1 ^1*410
G. .3*
AArfs MaceflaaJeV VoUpIH,
"and IV. »*JW 337
6n.a*HiS ScriptnmMitee/ of
. Abaaaaan ■ ^.,.ijUTJO|bJ
Gi t L'aSanawni and-TdCU Ci I
Gowwt* Aealaw » iam*£»$k,
...' \.w: ;;••-..* :'Ao>Ht*ko4
Gaawcer'i Sermon on iDdulry,
• -j.-" ■'. '-.* * {Ta3_2&13
Gaaknt'i Prediction, 314
GrAMio* WaVenyiAEdin, .^31
GtoiaY J^iqmticv.ot' eansJaod
. H.
DaOWHIMQ.
SCCCOCAK-
Divhy'i Ulqfljatiocu of Nataral
Hirtory, Vol. IL 2*4.
: DoiLX.ur, a Comedy, 390
Drive Negro, 63
E, .
* VAit India Affiufh PampMeM re-
lating to, 314, 319
Edwaads 00 rafigmi AffecUon*,
158
£l lj s'» additional ObC on the Prc-
:. ferration of Seedi, , $09
Emma, . 69
^NriELD'iEngliih Preocbeif 77*
5"*
JBwc l« n't Naval Rejriew. . 148
. Efistli from Qoeen Oberea to UAMamhr Gro*e>
cA
J^.Eadn. $03
.Eisay on the high Price o/Provi-
*ont. . • ■ 14
ViV- on producing moral Ef-
' £e&$ ftom phyfical Camea, 314
,'m ■ » on. the QniUficatioo.otan
* Architect, ~" . - 508
'■ oa ike JaOice of God, 511
_ Essays from the Batchelor, 234
EasciNt'e Town Edoguet, 148
|08
Hamiltow'i Conic Secltona
■ teartfiaajdV V :»ji»
Hak way on the Chimney Sweep-
ers, ■ • . •' * .169
HA*»!*MS»'aPacm, 831
Ha Txon.oa Clock Workv i %M
■ ■ ■ '« Eflay on Gold Coin.j r*
HAWKBsarorraY Pneakaaaa of
tJeeVeyagm auho Soetaeiai He-
. mifphcre, 136, 286, 3^5, 479
Mknry**
tbt ENGLISH BCJOK.S.
J
^Y'aEry«ritnte>tc 331
mail* 00 ihc Ekaaca'.i of
SpmJu *:j
Hut's P:tfau Ar year MHgK-
baor. 408
HiiTotYofclxBfiejftDomUiooi
U North Aattica, 1 8
■ ■ of Lc«} A&bora. 69
— •TtWU««ffiir«fOx.
fort, 11+
o/xUs*. 4*0
lio::o» **'» Rat-trap, 311
H#itaC^f«. *J4
BcTL»rcM'« fiffijr 00 tha LWer-
!•<•** 4>«
Howais'i Siejec/T«»or> i*6
L
Acoa on broad Wfccdi. 65
]tl»l»fll(AMl i««^iOi Co-
ra:^ 14*
£>»m toic'i Attooot of tfee Sooetjr
of Astliidtta lor ih» R«po»try
«diWM< I'erton*, to?
Jo 1 Young Geographer,
&c 66
:u; Wau hia Ufr of Xufer
i lost*) A. c« Shuttle Ftau.-jr. ; i*
4. j ■**> Renault* oBBbdafiafliciI
1 ftttfcYofeJV.»iV. 1B9
fa* *«t • 1 on Matt Ifarob, 504
JuM-asLetKn to L± North, 6»
&
I^Eati's WooaiBCtit i» A radii.
Eir»ieOTT. Set N»w.
,«*'aorvrJ>$l*Dicx. 93
iirt is* CneieiHW, if Ocas, 517
L.
IAt'i Afifiaac fts> the Table.
62
hMOMOKM*! Traa*. Of Der.iM,
401
I.* '/Aziiu. 233
• uoi tbeCWW.bod Fcm, yt'i
cf Jntod,
54** fDJ
Ltrrax to Randolph, 75
taSa RkUrdHcth-iiu.
X«T*a* to tU dm of N«r-
Wk, „,
LzyrttsotUdy Ra*>!, T56
■ ■■ ■ c« :** IniprottaKM of
the MM, 7o
,T«o, eo tbePreltto.B^
Lawu's Remarks o* Arbothnot\
Inquiry, y,
Locu tt cc3/il:HrrEdacJtioo,400
loviofOrdsr, ' |U
LyjOnOu Foreri, Ac. |»
M.
^Acaaosi, atorosdr; 316
Macs cam's Di&ionarjr of
a*a«t O^ogrtphT, r^$
Macm l i*'» Acotogy, 5 1 4
Ma;*, Kill, of the fife of. . 51 j
Mavtr'i Hifl. of theV/jr
America, .-.,
MAiiiOTT't jefa*, ■ Pocan ,46
MamcAL and PhilofcphiealCom-
atcaurx}, Pirtlf. -11
MsLSiOTViTranilationof Cioa-
rc*s (*jto, j q 1
Miwouiof Col. Difcby. &c. 219
MiCHAiLu't Letters uj P/fnglc.
MilbVi Letter to Fic-Wm^, 233
MncetLAJdov 1 Pieces brl. a-j
A. L. Aikin,
MisctiLLAnr Setw.ms» 4:4
Moasoouo. See RutMKT.
afeai
Muitum mP*rv*t *k. IC7
Mvw ri a'iNar. ofSrrccafcv-
Mtu ScsicrtUnje. |43
J^AaoB, apwtn, ij©.
Ntw Translation of Lciie 1
from Abbe • • • to DrlStb
COM,
Kichoh'i Oration A Axmajfit-
'*»*"**• : ?3t
Noaro&ciKMBiK Sec T'rrMgi.
Ni»Mf.>*» Letters on *3ub(aip-
tion, ?g
NoovrMOttcc'i Hin.of Lor4on.
36. Concluded, 96
Q.
CON,15EN(TS «/
O,
{\BeRBA. See fiplSTLE.
KJ Ode on the Penh of Lord
. Lyttelton, 317
Ope od a Vie* of * the Crefcent
' at Bath, 223
6 Halloiaw's Introduction to
the Hilt, of Ireland, 193
Ohio. Sec Advantages.
Orancb Girl at Footed to Sally
Harris, '65
Orioin andJVogreG of Language,
166, 42!
Orr's Pofthumous Sermon 1, 36/
Or r brt's letters from Italy, .Si
Othello, by the Editor of Leah,
65
Owen's Sermons at Boyle's Lec-
ture, 7S
Oxo m 1 a Explicate, ftt. 1$4
P.
DAimer, John, his Letter to
* Ba!guy. i$8
Palmer, Sam. h Is Diffenter's Ca-
techifm, 509
Pandemonium Ballet, 65
Pantheon, a Poem, 2x0
Pantheomtes, I32
Paul's Parfh Officer, 507
Pemberton*i Phyfiology, 149
Pennant's Genera of Birds, 61
Pbrcival's Eflays, Medical and
Experimental, 287
Per nety's Voyage to Falkland's
Jflands tranflatcd, 403
Phillis Whcatle/s Poems, 457
Pmppson the Original of Man,
156. Anfwcr to ditto, 157
Physicians, a Satire, 514
Poems by a Gentleman cf Cam-
bridge. 230
Poet, a Poem, 230
Power of Fancy, 64
Pr e sTON'sMeditations on the Sea-
fans, ' 156
Pbiestley's Inflitutes of natural
* and levelled Religion, Vol, II.
385
Provisions, Pamphlets relating to
the Prices of, 14, 15 1
Prudential Lovers, ico
f updicomj t's Marker's Inflrucr
L tor*' . J" .' 66
foaiTAFs. See Bail fv.
Pitlb's Sermons, '* *ig
;■;'•■■■ . q^ -*!
QUamm- Sec A fp bat-., Sot
, Fothercilx,;* '*/;„,'",
■ . ti-
ll Are, aNotet; " "' ""' 3«!
~ RaUi/s Tables of GbWCold,
Randolph on #e Jewiffi Lawj
......
RtcisTiaof Poty, . '• "*r6>
Report, Third tncf faft/tfihe
Select Committee on'-Eafi-ificlia
Aiftirs, •• - .■"*.»■ jr$
Review of " TVP«tririaw,''.6r
RoLT'sHifloryoftbefrfcofMaD,
" : ' ***«■!
Rira3BL,.lAdy, her Letters,- 56
Russia, Mr. his Trairflatioo' of
Thomas's Efflry on Wata^ 154
CCot*h Parent*, , €g
Scott's DigefteflbeHighway
Act, - 498
Scourge of lialfc Patriots, 50c
Sea r c h after Happmeuv *os
Sermons to Asses, 77
Sermons, Collections of. See
Burn. SeeENFtELD.
Sermons, fingk, 79, 160, 319,
514
Shakespeare, by Johnfon and
Sceevens, t 420
Shamrock. See Collection*.
Simplicity, or domettic Poems,
... 5°4
Sims on Epidemic Diforders, 149
SkeeleR's Sermons, 235
SMuLLETT'sOde tolndependence,
500
Socratic Syrtcm of Morals, 72
Statutes at Large, 410. Vol. XI.
506
Strachey'4 Narrative of the Mu-
tiny of the Officers in Bengal,
3'+
Struensee, Count* his Cafe, 73
Suicide, ft Poem, $04
Surry
th ENGLHn BOOKS.
?M
T.
TAmo», Sieg« of, • Tngedy,
Turw ai's Efty on Women irw-
il*ed, K4
XHOMnon'i Medical Confute*.
Visa's Key to iheTatoi'j Guide,
VrtLrAin*«fiia»pof l.ixicuxi a
Tragedy* 45
■
or. the rrtftrt Ulf-
Grcat Biiuia. 410
:f, oy Ac Society of Aaii-
* 30S
■ ■■- A rptmSt 10 Alio, 50;
to Poriftnootk 2jx
»«v^ fn*» Pai 4°*
uSub-
■W. bv v!jcRcTJC*«n «nd #*#>
k 4'*
V.
VAt'*«*utA«by.
* - Append!* W
V
n'l Ofaf. on
nnea
}8?
UaqoWArr'i Experienced Soli
w. 397
Ltirt RcmtrVi or
Farrago*
-»*'» Twfti on Ajrical
oewE.it. »]
Botany. Vol. Ill- 41,
— — Cir4ea*t'i Hafcni
WV 1 rr on pregoiM Wool
WiuoVt N 40
WfLTOVIIXSIi. S«C
WoariiiKO &ei,kfoE*p#-
■; oq the ipa iiCAJ Liver-
pool.
Wo* ; Macron, Dr, his Ti»
of ihcRiril.,
Wynm'i Evelina,
V.
VEat/j Trthlition of Lioij
01 Jfifcds 3<
CONTENTS
[ *ia J
CONTENTS of the 3FOREIGN ARTICLES,
in the APPENDIX to this Volume.
A. B.
KT Miliune dee Cbinois, History of French Litteatire,
k. M4 $9*
B. L.
Iaromrtbb. SeeltoLtrc. Lbs Saisohs, Poe'me, 578
Bastidb. Get History. Lsttres. See Clbhistt.
BAUME'tCbexniflry, 565 Lqvqchamtu SeePROPSitxiVR,
C. p.
CniHiSB, St*A»TMiMTAitt. PurLOsOTHiCfL Eoqairiei con-
■ m . See Eg yptiakb. cerning the Egyptians and Chi-
Clemekt'* Letters to Voltaire, uric, 55s
5*2 Politique Naturelk, cu
Primitive World anatrsfid, 3£
D# * - 57»
Fsor b b t 1 us his Ele^es ttaautttdt
BbLuc,M. his Enquiries Into the J 595
different Modifications of the
Atmofphere, 579 S.
IVUssibuz. See History,
Seasons, a Poem, 578
E.
Egyptiavs and Chincfr, Philo- T.
sophical Enquiries concerning,
558 Thomas'* Works, 541
Trub Principles of Gorenuaent,
*• 5J5
IiAitcB, Ullage to the Ifle of, V.
5'5
VoYAoitPlflede France, 51$
G»
Gi brum's Mmd* frimitift 572,
GOVBBBMBKT, Sc« TRUE,
THE
THE
MONTHLY REVIEW,
For JUL Y, 1773.
«*«««**♦+**+**•
Alt. I. CtxiU/s* tf/bt Jammt tf Sir Jthn DabymflSi Mvnifi,
v. i il See Renew for May lift.
J HE paper* in ifaH collection, which relate to Lord Rgflcl
and Algernon Sidney, and which have been thought to
t difeovcry of improper connesiom between tbefie cele-
brated patriots and the Kicncb court, bare excited fo rencral
•n aft- \ ahrtn, that we ihall undoubtedly be expede4
t9 Uy them before our Readers.
To begin with Lord Ruffe!, the account of his tntcrcourfc
with the agroi of France u given from three memorial* or Jet-
of Monf. Barillr.n t ■» Louis the Fourteenth, trz.
Marc& it, j
'. dc Rnarigny hat frcr T.n-i: Raf3ef and Lord Half 11, who
tft full? fitisfced with the csv* them, that the Kin^
■• Krincc) tf cocitioced i: it net hu wcrreft to nnJeathe King
of EftfUad abfoloie oat; and tlut hi*
Si. e. of Fr. ; endravi i hi the
irtJiiSoQ of. i* \{aon as flie ti
roerable: Lord Rut '*« wornM cn^sgcLord Shaftefbary in
tbtsaffsir, sod thai h.< fhculd Lw tb I whom he would
ipeik of it cxpikuly ; «nd that they would work undei baud to hi*i-
cwr aa Hgaacntaucn of the font which has been o.Trrcd for <.
oa the *ir . tad wooM exufr (o d rortie offer of the
•rtfi p. htioni to :Ke King of Enfifa
tiey booed make him with to re anite himfelf with
than to tialirui to iheai. He javt Mr. deRoa»i;ny to uo-
•rrtand, thit fcr I; lifted vo-ir M.:; -n. . .jm ■..•.!
KoeUnd'i deelanr-c, sir againil >ou, only to give Mm an oj
aitv of obtaining moaer, and under a promi'o chat, ai Icon aa he
bad rot the aK»a<v, hewoald conclude > r*<ac7. Mr. d
rtoftd hiaa. taat tb (hew aim clearly ibe twit iiy, I wa> '**dy to dif-
mbetr a ctmiioVr.ili'c lum in cfce parliament n> prevail wi.h it «o
I.*.. Zir.M S 7-^T
*.
"-r»
DalrympU'i Mnmb$ •/ ikin o*d A*W. j
ftrelb of hit B * ifcii redouble* thci I :Ke
.tc much afiraoi: etcu «!•
.-foaded that y , ami <hc
■ ■ ■■ « • i
r fcooM Icrve onlf to 1 it. 1'key
a remedy
arwl tbct>£b ike I/ird ! himarlf every
tW oefcrn urealviyi i r rbrii lia I meat
;,iDf« naowy. I hey are rcfolved to feele for every
an j-ivc il ibc end tb^ --jji
■t*j ibtt tl hive do otker no*
■*} than -■ U not amourt. ac-
'p to ibr alai/d c-csndft
-'inmotai
bt cat* I op-] nltii r.i ,«i:y
I i (hew them the i.iponaiicc
mi . i;i •
irowork*
inn our Mftjefty to be-
ii appears to rnr ;•> be proper to fortify
tie | Jt ii AOt
. ahen the Kin| If 10 a1! :
jgh the moll contrary to hu
l - periuadvd the Hi^h Treafurer believes he may fi
mci or war, to pot t ■ ty of the
fjh ejuic-i -I thai n :hink» it b ■
to k% hmfclf be rjrma with :ke torrent."
>>r// II, if?*.
" Toe be«*hof the Cabal, to *i:. the Dub inghara, Lord
ShifteOary. I^ord RuiTct. aud I. ord Hoi ' o trader*
fti*d (bat ntftin^ To d.ir\peir»ii lor ihrm i\ CD leave miurri
-vie* axe point, • .
-'.teatiicrc u a ivmcieoi cumber cm foot, llMOMrt wiliatteapt
every ta'i-jc ibal
■f :i< jower of the others t.i |
Ken Kng*
I
»itk die ; -lie »hr.t_- of
tbiakur^. the i men an J money for FUodcn will be great ;
chi*g U more proper to jwevrr le-
dir^iu>n ot war. ana oblige hu Khun
eafcm err uk ■€>
ior, if vou declared uutibii llaxe cf
i' w foui aocftftiKt ?Oa defife tokr.t>» *Si •
Ucp
hat not
certed,
the! ; . ti .( .-.nir
; nrli' baa n *p*
. iter him i
i^^ , \ Jvi not
Caaucymt
4 DalrympV/ Almoin cfSrtat Britain and Jrtl
controvert tfeil way of rcifoninc;, and have been inforae decree ob-
|i£c*l to enter hit" the fentiments of the Duke of Buckingham,
and to pretend to him that I tl'u\ not think it impoflihlc ynur Ms-
jelly nSeht order me to fpeak as he wifhed. Lord Ruflel propofed the
fame ihtoj; to Mr. de Rourigny. I believe, Sire, that their chief
motive in this ir, to clear up a iulVicion which Itill remains with Ibmc
of tli M-ijclly ud tl.c King of England aA in Concert.
Another end they aim at is, to force the court to declare war, and
thereby Oieltcr themfelve* from the danger, left the army, which is
now railing, ihould be employed to change the form of government
in England. They have ilfoa view of wocuiing for the future your
Mijeily'i protection if they are attacked. But f don't yet find ihem
>(ed to rrtcr into formal and immediate engagement*, except the
Puke of Buckingham, who ii more hold than the other*, and who
bcliv- I ::ulfafety depends on what your Majcity will do in their
favour. If J durit cxprcia my thoughts to your MajcAy, I fliculd
think it would nut be imiifs to fay iWicthiiig on your part to his Bri-
tannic Majetly. that might (how Mm you don't intend to remain long
-ty as to peace or war. It ii caly to foften the Ian-
:inf£ to him, and not force him to decli.-e hiinJclf
aruntl liis inclination; however, enough might DC faid to fatisfy
tCofc who art under apprchenfiona that the cOOfl only intends their
opprcITJon. 1 ought to inform your Mijafly that all thefc leaders of
party will not be arcrfe to peace, UtVt that your Maiefiy
into no engagement* agaimt their liberty ; on this head
-;i .ill the joTurance* ] can ; and the moil fallible ainnugft
them kr.nw well it is not the intcreft of France that a King of Eng-
land abfolute mafter, and he able to difpofe according to
his will 00 all trie power ot the nation."
Sir John Dalrymplc telh us, in his preface, that when lie
found, i i the Frrncfa difpatcbet, Lord RutTr] intriguing with
the cuurt of Vcrlaillca, and Algernon Sidney talcing money
from it, he felt very near the fame (hock as if he hid feen a fon
turn his back in the day of battle. But, notwithstanding the
good Birrwic: wa\ (o deeply arYefrcd, it appears to its that thrrr-
y, nothing in the view here given of Lord Ruflel'a conduct
whi< illy be regarded as tajurious to hhchinfler. Let
us confider the ftate of things at that time, which was in the
fpring of the year 1678. Louis the Fourteenth, being difguftcd
at the maniafc of the Prince of Orange with the Princef* Mary,
the cldcft daughter of the Dakc of York, had withdrawn
:les the SeconJ's pennon. Charles, upon this, was fo en-
raged, that he fcerrtcd teally dcfirous of entering into meafurc*
agsi iort I f France* and of obtaining, from hi* parlia-
ment, a large fupply and a large army for that purpofc. I he
Preset) monarch tcok. thc.'cf'urc, tiic A*tmf and lifed his ul-
md;- endeavours to prevent toe accomplifhoient of the King of
Eag] 1 .arent dcfigru. The Englilh ptuioctj fur vciy dif-
ferent xeafbns, were equall; :us to obllruc* the views of
tbeir
A B L
TO TUP.
E
Title*, Authors Names, ice. of the Book*
and Pamphlets contained in this Volume.
N. B. Foe rewahkarle Pasjages, fee the I N D E X,
ai the liuJ of the Volume.
British Piblicatiokj.
mmm Vor tSt Coxtxm-* of i'f>oiH';if article** foe tfec laft page of
chit T»We.
AD
A.
*'j ArtMtrclurr. No. f.
***** l><
At>awi, W». c«) tieStose, Bee.
Adawi, John, hi* Yoang Set*
Ofico's AfBftsnt, $06
Ar*o»uiL*$poetfm)in. »2f>
BoNit'i Difcowfeon the Adris-
tages of the inftlar Situation of
OfMt Rritx.n, 7X
Bowles, Dr. Sea DiroiiTroKi.
Bott-St I'kkt Opera. 396
Bftt AD. SCC AOVAWTAUtta
Bftur Iffft. of the Puritan** j6
British Spouter, aj-
A^tamtagis of a Scttlceacnt on Berno**'* Tour through Sicily
*t<M»
L read.
Ativit »./*r, 31 Com
08
t puie
♦-*
> Ma£p>c, tetifcc, ;o7 id Germany, 5rc
rtjjht at I 40Q BtroatV MiftelUi
Ami-Pa-. 31*8 C
A* Ik >■ toPhipf*. rn hiiR'i Tranfl. of Luttan,
A*9- JtMken, Catc SreMiLuorii.
Am*uiz 10 U*c Vsuvhall At C'icilia 1 a Novel.
zi$ Chatmak on EducJt»$n,
■ and M.. .115
Bua*'> MilccIUny Srmons. ^4
v r on the btirnn and Pro-
greft of r.ftn0,u*j>r, |M,
•RKir't prefrnt Smte of Mufic
■ IJ
AltcHAiOLOCiA ; TraflirHuin^
to Anting
Aituvm, 1 Poetn, 4)3
BArcHtLo*. 8ce :
SArroirr on Injvctfoni into
the Ur«*< jii
C.-ATtiiVKiay c« Truth fcewn
ib be forjhsf! . 4 j
i?o
70
402
CtiAfosr's Lc;
CUKirtai it 1.0'i WittkHhia
1 r Sweepen* * Tihati Kc-
loj;ue, 65
Cirr foritSutt* 2J0
— Paifiotifm Dfyfaycd* 231
Ci arr on Ditto n
'' J
Cx-ARAiViuuihtioa of irievo-
ch«a, 5 • 6
A** Ctows'i
« 'T^T®:'md
W" fe
t
THE
MONTHLY REVIEW;
° R*
TERARY JOURNAL:
From Juki 1773, to January 1774.
WITS
AN APPENDIX
Containing the F on tic n LitiiatvII
Br SEVERAL HANDS.
t *•: : ' v' ••■_■<
VOLUME XLIX.
LONDON:
Printed for R. Gukfithc
Aad SoM by T. Biciit ud Co. a ik« Sen**.
M.DCC.LXXIV.
CONiliENrT S y
..©•...
/ABerBa. See Epistle.
^ Ode on. the Peish of Lord
. Lyttelton, 317
Op a OQ a View ttf' the Crefccnt
' at Bath, 223
6 Hallorah'b Introduction to
the Hlft. oflreland, 193
Ohio. See Advantages.
Orange Girl at Foote's to Sally
Harris, 6 c
Orioik uad Piogrtfj of language,
l66» 421
Ore's Pofthomoos Sermoni, 367
Ok r keY'i Letters from Italy, .Si
Othello, by the Editor of Lea*,
65
Owen's Sermons at Boyle's Lec-
ture, 75
Oxo fc 1 a Explicata, &c. i$$
P.
PAlmer, John, his Letter to
* BaSuy, 158
Palmer, Sam. hi* DuTenter's Ca-
techifm, 509
Pandemonium Ballet, 65
Pantheon, a Poem, 210
Pantheonites, %l%
Paul's Par;fa Officer, 507
Pemberton's Phyfiology, 149
Pennant's Genera of Birds, 61
Percival's Eflays, Medical and
Experimental, 287
Pernety's Voyage to Falkland's
Iflands tranflatcd, 403
Phili-is Whcatley's Poems, 457
Puipps on the Original of Man,
15O. Anfwer to ditto, i$7
Physicians, a Satire, 514
Poems by a Gentleman cf Cam-
bridge. 230
Poet, a Poem, 230
Vow e r of Fancy, 64
Presto x's Meditations on the Sea-
fons, 156
Priestley's Inflitutes of natural
* and levealed Religion, Vol. N.
Provisions, Pamphlets relating to
the Prices of, 14, 151
Prudential Lovers, ico
PvpoicOMis'i Marinex'i Inflruc?
tor,
PoRlTARS.
Stt;BRl8F.
66
J4
Set
1
2j»
PjriB'i Sermons. . '
J.' Qi ' '
QUakrm* See Appeal.
, PotHEROILi;" ' ..
RAicb, a Novel, ' "
. . RAi»D'aT«Wci of Golf Coin*,
-. * 51R
Randolph on t^e JewiCi Law,
RtGIITERof Fo%, , "~ ' r6+
Report, Third asuf Iaft/of Jhe
' Selea Committee on Eaj&feU*
AfftFrs, - * - . •'•'■ $tp
Review of " The Patricians, '* 6$
Rolt's HiOory of the fife of Man,
" 1 ' '' " rsh
RuisBL,.t«dy, her Letters, 56
Rusiel, Mr. hit TrRirflatjon' of
Thomas's Effinr on tf oman, 154
CCot*h Parent* . 6a
** ScoTT'aDigefteftheHighway
A&, 498
Scour gb of Ealfc Patriots, 505
Sea r c h after Happmefi,
Sermons to Asses,
Sermons, Collections of.
Burn. See Enfield.
Sermons, fingk, 79, 160, 319,
514
Shakespeare, by Johnfon and
Steevens, 420
Shamrock. See Collection^
Simplicity, or domeitic Poems,
5°4
Sims on Epidemic Difordcrs, 1 49
Skeeler's Sermons, 135
SMvLLETi'sOde tolndependence,
500
Socratic Syftezn of Morals, 72
Statutes at Large, 410. Vol. XI.
506
STRACHEY*s.Narratire of the Mo-
tiny of the Officers in Bengal,
3'4
Strubnsee, Count, his Cafe, 73
Suicide, t Poem, $04
Surry
TABLE
TO THE
Titles, Autiiors Names, 6cc, of the Booki
*nd Pamphlets contained in this Volume.
K. B. For REMARKABLE PASSAOEi, fee the INDEX,
c tad of the Volume.
British Pudlicationj,
•, For tbc UmuucI tnc FoRm'^if trades fee she ijll mpc of
tail Table.
A*
A.
i u't A-rfcirtAiirP. N>. f
Adams, Wm. on Ae Star*, &c.
A»rmi» Jo*o. hat Young Sm-
Oftcer'i Al 406
AraMMieSpofrfmjn, «j6
Bov*t/s Dlfcoarfeon ih<? Advan-
ago of l viuition of
Bow t-t s. Dr. See Df rourtoYi.
Bo w -St i r. t r Opera. 306
Bkpwi. See An«Aii rActf.
Btfir HW. of the Purtam, 76
British Spoutfr, 415
A*r- ; a Sctriantnt 00 BtvroNr'a Tour through Sidly
a%*0 «j fj3 and Malta, **. 115
— — — — — - of eating pair B*tM*» MifteUnnr S.-rmons 114
6*V»9, 463 B»*MT on fhe Origin and Pr©-
Ai«.e » a/.rtVltanie*, 4-2 graft ©J Language, 166.421
Aiivu.rM, • Comtdft
Bvaarar'* prefentScice of Mufic
•IJ
f6i
C
395
1 MrfjucvrevitcO, ;->7 in Garidny. Ac.
Right at J 407 Br^ rllan**,
A%T|.pAyT»«*0«, jrK
A»fwx« toPhtop, rp
Arrt*L !o the Qoaker;,
Arraapix 10 tf>c Vauthall Af-
fray, ijj
AacMAtoLOOtA : Tttftifriatittg
to* 'oJ. II, tj9f a;j
Aaii»TaonV<M<iiirtl Rflwp.iif
Ait_»w, a r\tem. *i$
8.
a^ATCMitoir. $«e F.iur*.
TO
Sayrord on lagediom inta
tHeUtitrra. i|i
BAjr on TVuth llkcw
£A*aVI' xim,
Cato. SeaMti
L'hai'vav on EducitTOn,
»o*P*i Lrtirti.
Chcit iKiit !.»'» Wittieflrai, +ot
Sweapart, aTiwn Kc-
Ipg 6 j
Cirr I sjo
— Paid ■ r.J, rj 1
Clark oa Difafe* in long Voy-
1 Jce. 1 - j
Ci ^ **>■'• TNaitiion of Telcrr.*-
0 K BfW Heal
I ; chaa.
Cooaa'fl
i ,*.... . . —
?^\^ ^ # -i r
THE
MONTHLY REVIEW
O R,
LITERARY JOURNAL
From Jowf 1773, 10 January 1774.
WITH
AN APPENDIX
rhe Forei c n Li
By SEVERAL HANDS.
" | !■■ * 1 mU
VOLUME XLIX.
LONDON:
Printed for R. GiirriTHi:
Aod SoU b; T. Bic«t and Co. b dbcSmd.
M,DLC,LXXIV.
11 Ltittrt f» Dr, Kainuett.
Ulcer to unmerited cento re. Neverthelcfs, after making all the
allowance that candour ran require, wc muft acknowledge
that wc fin J feme material objections in the publication before
us, which ir is incumbent on f)r. ICrnnicott rn obviate, from a
regard to his own reputation and to the credit of his Performance.
The Editor calk this a new trinflaiiun, from whence it muft be
inferred, that one has been already made 5 but in his preface, he
intimate, that fuch a defipn was formed, and had been dropped.
A tianflation however did appear, fan* tune ago; but it was
a Terjr poor one ; for which rcafon perhaps, it wu not much
noticed : fome account of it was given in one of our former
Review**.
* Athtngwai puhlifhrd, fays the prefent Tranflator, called
jf Letter to j Prmii) pretending to give an account ©f the
French letters; hut no better idea could be formed of them from
that, than of the man's houfc from the brick which he carried
.in his pocket by way of Cample. And, indeed, there is great
pole, that the Author's intention was to put a (top
loauv farther enquiry i for lmlct:cr Teemed purpofcly calculated
re of (be Frntcb letters, inftead of fairly Rat-
ing the charges they contained agaii.it the Dodlor. This gave
©cesfion to the prefent triniljiion, the Author of it being de-
firous, that the learned in general mi^ht be acquainted 'with
the real merit of the Ff/ruh lettera; rn:ir the perfon to whom
the fcnglifh letter was written, might fee how his friend had
rvfedon him, and that the DocW himfclf, (who it iccms,
fays he, is not at all arTc&cd by the abufe, as he calls it of the
mk letters, bcca«!r he dors not undcrftand the language)
might be able to the truth of whit 1 urged agaJnft
him, ind be property affected by it. Who is the Author of the
Letter ta a Fritvdi one cannot abfoluttly determine 1 but if one
ill be allowed 10 follow that Atfthoft own rule, and jtj
from what he calls jntjiwt ftrdnsw, one fhould conclude it to be
the Doclor himfclf.'
The Tranflator' s prcficr U piinctpal'y employed in anfwer-
ing thofc accufations of the French writer's which arc Contained
in the Letter ts a Fri/xJ mentioned shove. We ihall only take
notice of the reply given to one particular charge. The judg-
ment of the French author is called in qucftion by the I .etter-
wri^cr, for fuppoiing that mnft of the (Hebrew) mxnufcrjpt*
which we now haie, are modern, and were written for fa!e by
mercenary 7.tt>/, when the curiosity of the learned began to
enquire after fuch commodities ; mj ihat this h the reafon
why Hebrew manufcripts are much more p! 1 this age
• ' it.
f For our account of this Better, fee R<v. Vol xlii. p. ajSr.
than
..
TABLE
TO T H R
Titles, Authors Namss, 6cc. of the Books
and Pamphlets contained in this Volume.
N. B. For MMARKASte Passages, fee the 1 N D E X,
at :lic End uf tlic Volume.
BllTliH Pu BLJC ATIOHJ.
• •
A*
u'i
Foi the &>* tint* cf ifecFoiiictfirtkl**, fecihe Itft r*RC of
ihttTtWc.
Boxai'i DiJcourfcon ihe Adrao-
ugesof the iirfttlarS'nujtijri Of"
Gf**r Bricain, 78
BowLii, Dr. Set UirojixioM.
Bow-STTirT Opcrt, 356
Bit x 47. Sec A ii.
Rriii Hit?, of ihe Pasitani, 76
British Spouser,
A.
ATrhirtclurc, No. I.
A daw 1, W«r, en tkcStc
»4*>
Apiyj, Join, oh Young Scj-
Asya^tagis of a Settlement on Biiydovp'ji Tour through Sicily
fe & m
6S
nitig pg«c
4*J
MS
Brad,
AttowAi v*. a Coi
Attitv. » M/! d, ;cr
Au'j Kijjat at Lift* 400
A%t>.P*- j tH
AlSWlR (< If?
AvriAL to CtoQufcers,
Am mii x 10 Uk: Vaurkifl Af-
AtCNAfOLOAiA : Tf*9«Trlcti»j;
co Afttifitftrr, Vo4. If 178, a ;5
A*m .i^JkiiXftiy-.is;
Ai>-.«u, ■ Pe*nr, *it
oAtchhok. Sec I
" SAYroin on InjrlUoes into
She Uf«t 31*
Ct»t r ii'j lit&y 00 Tiuth ihewa
m be fepbif.ica!, *j
ami Milu, **, 119
Btrftp'i Mifceltay '-4*4
' r on ibe Orijm and Pro-
grdi of I aneujpe, ifift. in
Bt'cvsr * prcfrnt Sr--:r of M.ifi:
ia ' ■ tany, &C Ji ;
Bylaw's MifccIIonie-. ;*l
c.
£A»V»Tr itiro, 161
C*TO.
Cicuia ; 1 No»eI. l{0
Cwaj- mav on Bdoettiotj 88
CtoftfrcVsVs Letter*. 70
11 1 di Wluidfaa, 402
Chimney Sw«pm, a Town He-
logar, 6$
City Patricisan, IJO
— Ptftiocifn Difpliyed. ; : 1
Ciaik on Difcifei "m lo-ug Vof-
Cl a ft k i*» TrtfiJUtioa of Tefecnn-
thus, 3 1 6
. '^-1 CoqkVi
C 14 J
A*t. lit An Efay on the Canfes eftbifrtfent high Price of Provijionti
4t cvnttccied *witb Luxury, Currency, Taxes, and National Dtbu
8vo. is. Gd. Dilly. l~7 3*
A S the increafed price of provifinns has been an evil feverely
XV. felt by every perfon whofe income is not affluent , many po-
litical pens have been exerciied in pointing out the caiifes of fo
general a fubjcft of complaint; chough few have extended their'
enquiries beyond the circumftances that attend the raifing of,.
an.) traffic in, the ncceflaries of life. The W-iter now before
us is, however, not content with the fhort-fightcd ou.tr ties
againft monopolizing and foreftjlling; he has endeavoured to
tracr the obvious effects up to their latent cau'es, and to (hew
that the deamefs of provisions naturally refults from ihe prefent
political and moral fituation of this much altered country.
He p»emifes, ' that the pri«e of provifliens depends upon the
following things ; the quantity brought to market; the extent
.of the demand ; and the It a re of our currency, taxes, and national
debt.* He confid« rs each of thefe in, their order.
A fucceffion of bad crops, he obferves, has been complained
of* but when the rates of provifions are altered from this caufe,
the farmer can ill afford an advance of rent : if then (he rife of
* rents keeps pace with the price of provifions, the advancement
in price is not owing to bad crops. As little does it appear to
be owing to the indolence of great farmers in laying down
arable land into gra/s fields ; rents be fays, have been raifed
nearly in the fame proportion in places where the fixes of farms
have not been altered, as in thofe places where this change has
taken place. As to the laying down fields into grafs, farmers
being influenced by the fame motives that actuate other men,
they have been induced to it by the advanced price of cattle ;
and while they find their advantage in this, it is vain to expert
them to alter their plan.
From the Author's reafoning on this part of the argument, as
well as from fome peculiarities of phrafe, we gather that he
writes from Scotland ; and many of his illuflrations are drawn
from the practice of hufb<indry there. In Scotland, it feems,
they change their lands alternately from grafs to tillage, a me-
thod by which it produces as much corn as if the whole was
always kept in tillage ; fo that the product of grafs is to be
looked upon as clear gain : though he admits that where land is
kept* perpetually in crafs, the old grafs raifes cattle to a higher
and more delicate degree of fatnefs. It feems indeed from this
part of the argument that the; confumption of the nation re-
quiring a certain proportion of corn land, and the reft for
grazing, if this proportion is altered, it will caufe a correspond-
ing alteration in the prices of corn and butcher's meat ; the one
fifing and the other falling, as the alteration takes piece ; a cir-
curoJlance that lend* to maintain the proper equilibrium be-
7 VNtttl
J* Ejfy M th* hi^h Priti of PwjfitMt,
'i in f'.i
fwtrnthcm, i ;iven in favour o: gr.tying, by hrccd-
jog toogre.it a number or horfes, — as jrijudjiioui an irulc of
-im\c *5 of interna! luxury.
fly cxpotCi the prejudice that accufei ihc farmer of
trig hi* g'ain by him» til) an c vrbiianc pii - Inm to
ihc maj- -t rmeis cjiiiuo: di» j nor can any
\w# I, tret be ntiCnpplicd in
■ general view. By bringing nic corn to market, gradually,
may do good to the country ; but ic is iicicuJoua so fuu-
poGe rheycan do hurt. ■ liy Wcrj ing up i|;t; yem of
:J prevent the i <lo»v, a*
ir w&yM Ju if the whole l>i i: lh< -uM ..: to market; Km
then the i m ol karat)1*
, and [bi -cby
the pi I high as Othorvrtfg it
■ i be.' To tl » ii may b added, tfa .i of the
ol ibe pal dr. Were the larmero to
empty their b*rn» iuto il-.c marked precipitately i the pi ice
• Inw a* in ruin ihcni; drained
put of Ihc nation) and nufl rJ be brought back again
at an/ price lu keep us Iroeii ftitv'wg. Our farmer* indeed ill
defer «e the rcproachc* cail i>n tiiem at critical umoa by minor
ii .
The que (lion then ill 11 remains to be fettled, why provider. >
thcll prices? Wc flull derive littli the
..!: i u One reafon i«, that though wrc are tiv .1 (be number
reafca, wc hnd ihe consumption of fo^i increase* '
•Trial the inh*t">i tbll kingdom have of late years
changed their way of living in a very remarkable manner, and
y iracrt-afed in luxury, i* a track or" wbiCh every perlbn,
wb» has tired anytime in it, mull be fenfib e. Let 111 compare
>-f living at prefcm with what peifon* old may
remember, and wc mull obierve a rentarka 4c dtftMACVi Jf
we c;kc a view o: ou: markets for butcher 1
rind, that, m t of twenty or i it, tlae qu«n:mev
■a have beca doubled, in oil ritbou
any dccr*afe in the places that have gone D fm U wo
:.ic into the nature of the d .flics placed upoa the tablet of
our *ewil! find, that of the meal 1 -ie rime
ago appeared i uural lorm, nothing ia now presented bui
, in loop its, while t her meal
enocl. J- .. uf the I ;. . ,. tuc
-. and !<« us, are land 1 pi opur-
1 f prowfco 1 ^and if we attend the ntaru 1 of
I Dflgfl tin . .iiiiD li«.
1 ' I sc
cave,
* T.wac.
ahles
1 6 An Rffaj M ibi hiib Priu tf PrtvijSmu
* There it as great at change in the equipages ai in the ta
of men. In Nations in which men commonly walked a-foot,
many now keep riding horfcs, foaie carriages, and even
fooie both of thefc. ififidcs what an additional number of
borfes is ufed for chaifcv, and the other machines, every where
now employed for the convenience of travellers ; and what an
additional number is ufed for carriages to our additional build*
inga and other works, the cfTcch of luxury and taftc. Every
pcifon is fcnfiblc of thefc things, but every pcifon does not con*
fulct the cfrect that all of them mutt have upon the price of
proviliona.' To this our Author adds,—* The gentlemen
therefore in cities and towns, need not look into the country
among the land-holders and farmers for the caufc of the prcfent
high price of provisions. Let them attend to the change in their
own way of living, from that of perlbni in their ffcufofii (br-
mctly. and they will not find it a difficult matter to account for
the change, of which they fo loudly complain. Perhaps thefc
gentlemen may fay, that they ate more confidcrnble merchants
and manufacturers than their fathers : (hit they deal to a greater
extent* and that therefore, from their additional incomes, they
can afford to live better than they. This may be a very good rea-
fon for their behaviour, but it is nothing to the prefene purpolc ;
for, if there it an addition*] COnfumpoOQa and in confrmicnce
of this, an sddiiionil tlcmind, it is no matter whether or not the
perfon- that make this demand have a juft title to doit ; the
effect is the fame, by it ihc price of urovificnt muft be raifed/
The Writer next enquires into the iWic of our currency, and
the operation of banks, not only in afford ingeafy accefs to money,
but IB augmenting the nominal cuucr.cYof the nation, the
circulation of their bills extending in proportion to our national
debt and taxes: on which account he accufes them of aiding
the progrefs of luxury, and, in cowrie, of enhancing the price
of proviliona. This is a curious part of the pamphlet, and well
worthy of IHMM
TtXO| as connected with our currency, arc alfo connected
with the prices of commodities. * In the payment of taxes,
fuys our Author, no man is a patriot^ even1 man endeavours to
evade them, or Xo i licrs to reimburse him v. hat he pan."
Hence 'prices are railed in rotation, and at Lit come to the
manufacturer where the rife l>egan ; who in confluence of tUtt
if it is in his power, begins another nlc, which amy (M I \< n will
endeavour to puQi round in the fame manner ; Uj i hat a heavy
tax naturally raifes the price of commodities gradually, till they
arc fixed in fuch a (late as to mace all pcrfons concerned bear a
jurt proportloa of It.* After attending to the n of*
thefc clc-ily :., can anyone he at a lof* to uSigu a rci-
fon why all neccUirics ^re (till aJv-iicipg in price ?
In
An Efi} « d* b'ih Prut sf ?! ; fa )&«. 1 7
In treating on the fubje&of taxation, A« Writer point
circiimf: tfconfiderabfe t » which
government naay be dik.tr;, but to wni< . never n.
urged by irrefiuable neceffity;— « But ther- . ing
in our taxes by which lUey raifc the price of pr< that
ought not to be over-looked, beeaufe it U rrrrain rh it it may
be removed, while at tbe f*me tiir.r it ii evident that no bid
Can folic*. Thia is (fir money fperit by the I
gatherer?, who not Only raifc itic price of provirK&i ty i
Jaxury, bur alio by the great amour* of their talariea
heavy taxes to be laid upon the people. It cannot but appear
■» uxes are multiplied, ind debt increased, pt^Jl
and pealiona ihould Ikevrife bt ied, and falsi
creaied. i -k Into the | . and obfervc b]
wftooi budneli is done. Jt it no; dor.? by principals who hav<
tbe extravagant fttarics, in Tome cxlea not even by deputes, bi
by the clef let and d utea. Thcfe arc the
wbodoihc bufiaefa foe trifling fabrics, whi'c rhe pri
never ra-ink of it, and indeed
Surely th-ic petfotw arc loft to ill .ch bjii
idle* c*ji rvhi-ld the poor ind faduftrious taxed "o fuppon
Usvry and extravagance, and vrho, inltead of bcli
bteffing upon the laborious hands th.it fee
ready upon dvcry occafion to Iqueczc and to opprcl> tn.w, Ja
ifiblc to imagine, th.it the collecting rhc pu
cothfonvnflr'.»u> a furn av three mdliontf' and yet there c nnoc
baric t, lad the fau/tc* of all fine-
cure *>ftcc(. Many are th- fchemet that have been propofcJ for
h <»1 debt, and cafingthc people of the btirtl]
Mae taxet lard upon them ; but lately of all their* the moll na*
ii the favm* one or two millions annually in tbe article vl
pofhand penfiom.*
Wh iiO'JB falafies here hinted at, arc orer or
under- rated, the i
government, that to maintain extravagant ulclcU hand;, it the
hi^h road :o rum. But whete f«-> many gl*f>ni trutha aic con*
tinaatlypuhhlrx'd, on oQi want of u meftiC ■■ 000 truth
«> c fins of our governors, »r< i ft
When luxury ha* Contaminated a Who 1 3 nation, tbc
i .n will relate to ttic probability of re >ur polui<
j rootlet and regulation*. But it" it n i kninal to
commonwealth, wc ought ac all evrntt to ii
N .*clfare to the hft. This however will not br clTeUcd
by re* complicated b< ftrMf
i arc merely the patch woiL
1 Baa been ratfed too h;^h anJ overloaded, unti
fuperftrutflii-c is !oui>d too btjvy fbf the foundation, \i wm\\\ic
RtT. Ju)/ j;/j. C GtttHrMA,
1 8 The H'tflory of the Brit'ifb Dominions In North America*
fu.rveycd, lightened, and reduced to fuitable dcmenfions: and a
f" ood hint for the coaimencement of this indifpenfible work has
een quoted above. Our Author pmpofeai fome other whole*
fpme regulations ; but for the(e wemuft refer to the Pamphlet,
■which is one of the mod pertinent and comprehenfive that bath
appeared on this. interesting fubjecx,iince that which was pub-
lifhcd fome years ago, by Mr. Soamc Jennings*.
If there is not, on every point, a perfect coincidence of fenti-
.'men t between this Writer and Mr. Arbuthnot, where is the
fonder,? Op. what fpeculatiyc fubjecVdo the various judgments
of men entirely accord ?
'Art, IV. Tbt Hificry of the Britijh Dominions in North America :
' From the £rtl Difcovery of that rail Continent by Sebailian Cabot
: in 149;; to its prefent glorious EftabliftimcBt, as confirmed by th« ,
-.Treaty of Peaee-in^i 765. 410. iL' i.s. Becket. 1773.
*TT ISTORYJ in its different branches, has always been
* JLjI. cfteemerf one of the molt rational, improving, and enter*
taining parts of learning; and there never was a period in which
there has appeared a greater avidity for publications of
this kind, than the prefent. We will not detain our Readers
by enquiring whether this eager defire of hiftorical knowledge
arifes from a folicitude for real improvement, or is chiefly the
effect of mere curiofity and fondnefs for a prefent amufement,
in which latter cafe the reading of hiftory cannot be expected
to prove folidly beneficial. However this is, it is very evident
that writers and bookfellers have attended to the taite of the
times in this refpect, and have been very diligent in furnUhing
matter for its gratification.
The continent and iflands of America have fupplied large
contributions for writings of this kind, which have been fedu-
loufly improved ;■ though there (till no doubt remain a variety
of materials which might properly employ the pens of ingenious
then. Our own plantations, efpecially fince the additions made
to them by the late war, are objects well worthy attention in
this view, and have, accordingly, often fet the prefs to work.
The prefent Author, who does not feem to regard his work
as worthy of his name, has thought that an addition might fea*
fonably be made to the publications of preceding writers on the
fame fubjeel; and his volume is merely to be confidered as a
compilation from the feveral hiftorians who have gone before
him in the fame walk: for there is no reafon to think that the
. -Writer has himfelf ever travelled in North America. What
merit therefore bis performance may be fuppofed to claim, muft
arife from a judicious fe lection and arrangement of thofe rela*
• See Rev. vol, xxxvii. p. 470.
8 tiens
Tbr Hifoej *ftU Wtifi DtmaLm U -V. -. ■'- Jmtru*
which have been given b* ethers ; tnJ in i: id
fupeiiucity ti ; mull ba
acknowledged. The V/crk conta a\ a conc*ic account of i ..
icvetal pro
cannot be luppofed lo cuter into bis it-L- -ad
life <^"an Original Ji
The nrtt book « inuc^cflc-ry to the hiilojy of racb pro
it briefly treat* of tbc origin wf the Bntiih a h fcrtk-
raoots; ami proem
infraction* of treaties &c. until the time of the I
cVnniriri: treat] of peace ia ahich r .ir war i d, in rhc
year 1763: by which it 13 well known, conftdcrible territories
were
The account of the ftaU •
fnfl discoveries anil fci
.
* I U#e ba waj -■- Iiiv .
— ; - " | ; :
:, n<> *cliic 1.
a gicatcr de^i Ige?
and civilization.-
CQCfcr mines yet wtrcm ' .
the kngliln came n wis
a knife a wire il. i*lt
until the 1
them a tolerable ' it by
s with oils A
bow and an arrow beaded with (he 1
weapons: , 1 c Befh of
it tbeif food. Their principal in c\t<-
gant fwift or
re:t ban I 0. Ail
their ambition wai (o be v . ' gave a man
tion amori
We ring it as Ionic what
1 rtr'er
progrefs towards cbc t u>
■
: it, bcttb •. .»*.
kind pracli.'cd w;th|
.. Tbc ■ fpoken *>f, ai in
the abon 1. : tit
what it laid by •! WwJ
: cjicia ; i
C 2
10 7h IFijJon cftht Britfo Dmimm iaXvth An.
/.c the moll ioft&re, and foencdmes, when fo animated, they
tic the moft fierce and defpcraie.
The following fhort p*hT*jre» arccxtrflclcd from 'be account
here given of the ^ovrrnment, climate, prndure, eVc. of Ncw-
£ng!anJ| or rathe: ol MtfloeJiiAt'i Bay:
* The plantations ami fauna in the old tiwnfbipi near Boflon,
ate generally become fmalj, occasioned by i
aflerttWy, which divides the real ai i i] effateof
imc£a is, jitionp ill the children tr reUatetfth. The p
there *rc much bi c law, and frequently
die in:«itate: rue this humour ia attended with fomearfvtfn:age*;
re a farm thus btcc mca fin all, the poffeflct cannot live by
and h obi ell it to the proprietor oflornc adjoining
i', and mo*e for trier inland, wlicic he can purc'i.ilc w
land in titirici at an tth nee, ro rhr enlargement tf
the country improvements. Thus ;n the townfhii now
corr.pofc the county of WwccnVr, about half a ctiHUfy ago,
there were not above two hundred fjmilie*; whereas, in the
valuation in ■ 74'» there were found in that county about tl
thcufrnd two hundred taxable white male pcriona, though the
number has becu fioct dimiuiflicd by the late wan an th;.r
continent.'
— 4 The farmers in New England, by lowing their feed early,
the ground being prepared in ridges prj throw orT the rains and
melting : It Mri&tCf wheat and rye with Rood fucecfo ;
but their great difcouragi-ment hat been tht bleji. Sir Henry
Frankland, fcveral years ago, imported from Lrfoon the feed of
iummcr-uru* : has been left fubjecl to bl.tO than any
other ; and it ripens about fix weeJta from the fowinc, in the
MaslltchmTrtt colony. It has been generally leroarcrdj
between the firft and tenth of July, the honey-dew filling upon
wheat, caufca the i all ur ol.ul, if the folloi irning it
hot and calm; but ordinarily, if ihe wheat be fown early, it
will be fo forward itut ihr train will j.oc fuffcr by ic in that
lime. An idle opinion prevailed among the populace, tha- ftnec
the execution of the Quaker*, wheat h*$ always been blaflcd >
but this folly was eq ual to that erne
— ■ Land of a to'crabl? quality, where Englifh graft, a name
given to rtcd gralTcs has been BDOWrd, they now find
by experience wit) afford after-feed until the feverc /rofta Wither
yaTs. Ic lias been made a question, wherhrr rfcc feed
HOC In the earth in all parta of the
country.7 Tic New England farmers afLw, and there is nn
doubt of the fac"!, thit if they break up new ground in the
woul> where no dung baa ever been fpread and Jay it down the
or the isme year, and give ii a thin coat of afhts, the
whire-fconcy-fuclclc comes in as thick aa if the fccJ had been
9 fo«Kt\:
I
Tb* Hiflarf tftbt Britfo /)i*;Vm/ h Ktttb dmtrica. a i
(burn: but forne lie of opinion, that the plant anil the dower
from $h* tr-: ' ruckle.*
The fece ,.d book concludes wi:h the
^ paflacje j cxtracled, we fuppofc, from Ionic forme*
writer on New tn^Ur il ;
* Je has been recently </\dr tent Clrc^': Britain s* a country of
«H«iot.*c1urcj w;thu-a: i:iaur*als, a trading nation without Loni-
ow trade upon; and a maritime power without e!th<;
(lores or mater jab tor (hip- building, That it is this Gtm*
, which render* hnth trade and plantations To etfcnttally
necctf'ary, iox the tupport of Great Brttaini is well u agricul-
ture, wbrrcby at many people aic pcthap* ua mairied in Brrrain,
M by t.Se produce of the lands. H'ncn itu clonics mace (uch
<.*mH\wdw^. .-, ji wanted in the mo; hcz- country, of which
there are many , <hcy mufi cVpenJ upnr. her for the vent of iuch
I) for their d.4. nee i and as
Cireae Britain ii thebeR market in the world for inch . cimmo-
d-titS that make* tluir dcc-ciidencc their inL;rcH, and intejcll
tula the wo.'ld.'
hi' it's account of t!»e ir.n bi'anig of Rhode
in |i* knowntumauj ol • " i Readers^ to tome
.ijr be new and .» * il -t Rhode JllanJ
cwloik) was*. , Fjiii Ms, Aiulia;itiib,
Antitabbatariam, A'injoiinf, , Q_* »kcrs, Ranter*,
aod every thin;; lu: R nun Catholics, and t-uc Chrift ,.
4fta#r#>r«, meia £*m.* He JfeouU hi.r -ddte1, lumc HmwruLts,
IncJc pendents, and Congregation -r not forn»cd itto fo-
rward* there was a rvoofc or two upon toe
iland, which ^aTc lop * of » farther reform t>
In the hirtory of New York fome <Jc Viipoon is na-urally
firrto, from diderent writers, or tli- Inci wis generally known tt>
:hc denoi ■/ tot French
i i toque • . >ro among other particulars, the folio*'-
.'ram Cold
* Tfccre m onecufluai their obtervft, which I
mvft ooc fitfgf acA
nand tfar . or though tlicy
..«..■. of any imminent danger, they never icll it at
town for or two, si lead,
in fi'tnce, to i vhcmfelves befoie they fpeak ; that they
may not Ihew any degree of fear or fu/pnae by ;in indecent
especflion. Every fuJoVn repartee, , kavea
with them ai imp ion ol -i light ineoiifidi I i)d ; but
inr*. i icy ufe, and are us delighted with, briflc
. anfwtrs 14 we can be. By this they Oicw the ;;rc;t dif-
;« they place batwetn the conversation of m*n ixA tsvw^
C j aui
il firydonc'i Tour through Sicily end Malta.
and of nation and nation ; in which, and a thoufand ether
things, they .might well be an example to European nations/
To the credit of this Writer, we muft obferve, that he dis-
covers nothing of a party-fpirit 5 for, although be has drawn his
materials from different writers he fpeaks with decency of every
denomination of chriftians. The difputes which have arifen in
later years between the colonies and the mother-country, do
not come under review in tbis volume, which only brings the
hiftory down to the conclufion of the laft peace.
y^RT. V. A Tour through Sicily and Malta. In a Series of Letters to
• William Beckford, Efq; of Soinerly in Suffolk, from P. Brydone,
F.R.S. 8vo. 2 Vols. ia s. Cadell. 1773.
WITHIN a few years pad the public hath been favoured
with various relations of the travels of men of fenfe
and obfervation, which are always acceptable communications:
fliey never fail to prove extremely entertaining, and they will
generally be found to be as ufeful as they are agreeable.
Of this happy caft are the travels of Captain Brydone ; whofe
letters prove him at once the gentleman, the fcholar, and the
man of fcience : a rational obferver, a philofophical enquirer,
and a polite and pleafing companion. His ftyle is natural and
eafy, his language free and flowing (though not always cor-
rect *) and his manner cheerful and lively ; yet properly varied
to
* There are fome North Brnifh or Irifh idioms, which are a little
offenfive to an Englifli ear : for inttance, vol. I. p. 27, 'ft foon as the
ftones, thrown into the air, by the cxplofions of Strombolo, have
fallen down, the light is extinguiihed /—an Englishman would have
.written, ' as foon as, &c/ The fame fault occurs in many places ;
as, in p. 41, • fa /eon as he difcovercd the ftraits, he repented. &c/
Again, p- 44» * fofoon as our fhip entered the current, we were car-
ried along with incredible velocity/ Again, vol. II. p. 73, • the lady
Komifed him an interview, fo foon as the court (hould go to Portici/
vol. I. p. c$. 1. ult. we have, ' we fhnll leave this (inftead of 'u.<
/hall leave this place) as foon as poflible/ this phrafe is el ft- where
repeated, in the fame volume are many little flips of grammar,
which the Author will, no doubt, corred in the fecond edition :
fuch as, p. 30, * It is probable that Strombolo, as well as all the
reft of the Lipari iflands, are originally the work, of fubterraneau
fire/ Again, p. 133, the colleQion of medals, cameos, and intaglios,
fro very princely: and, p. 194, * the whole courfe of thefe rivers,
are feen at once/ &c. In p. 137 we have, ' the church belonging
to this convent, were it finifhcd, will he one of the fineft in Europe ;'
inftead of when fnifhtd, or, if finifhed, would &e> &c. Turning
' back to p. 49, we find that the harbour of Meffina is ' one of the
•mtfi commodious and Jafiff in the world, after ftips have got io/
"Certain phrafes, current in common conversation, bat hot allowable
Br jrJor.c'? Tcv i&rgrgb Sttify and M~ a j
the fcveral fubjeS?, whether ^iy or fcriow, « iheyoc-
couifc of the i i.*e».
The Author, as <*re collect from one or two vtry
.,s mfafiaU in certain parts of :Lc 1
chara&< feme you/1 lion ;
whole friends feem to have rniJc 4 happy cbi
whom rhc> :b fu important
•■■% the Eftorill fcnJ forming r puih, in the
moA delicate Mid di m anil d '? he
detail of the Tour commences a: N whence the firtl
:c<J, wi t!ic 14th of May. 1770.
We have often h^»rJ great encc
■.. !iich our Author** acaoLir of :li:t < I
carrefpond t but ** .J to crc
DORMiCivc [0 4
be under the in3u*nce,
or c*f rjcioufl power, I waofc tloroiiiioct the •
mtf travel !• r I A,
j' r/faoded, favi Mr. U. th :t oar irtdicil people art under
~i with rcra/d to tt.i» climate, fl
in It.il) ; InR it it
iWtfoawhit wehfttenbfrrved gsiif. reea withtfce j»re;«r*
»■ work* prepared for tltc uiced
above) arc ft ii theft I
the charches are ,wy ***&,
ftodd a fe
the ch*J«**<« ■ * a - - c ....-.' r. ' '* -■ i 1 ■■: It Ilk*
■ardoaable. P. jo-, ' It ii /** »v/
be the eat* 3 m ■
[.•Ill 1 ' <C C 11 •: I ■: 1
• •! ! •.. ,1
... • .
.
'• p-
■
r**j' .Abate!
i< at i • We
1 f hat etf
■ ." &c
.
and
raaclrar?*,
i •
i.ie
■ red.
C f Wft
34 Brydone'r Tour through Sicily and Mv(ut.
part of oar valetudinarians j but more particularly with the gouty
people, who all fouud themfelves better at Rome} which though
nluch colder in winter, is, J believe, a healthier climate. Naples,
to be fure is more eligible iu fummer, as the air is conflantly.refrcih-
•d by the fea breeze, when Rome is often fcorched by the moft in-
supportable heat. Lift fummer, Farenheit's thermometer never rofe
higher at Naples than :6. At Rome it was at 89. The difference
is often Hill more confiderable. In winter it is not lefs remarkable,
Hei«, our grcateft degree of cold was in the end of January ; the ther-
mometer ftood at 30 } at Rome it fell to 27; fo that the difference
.of the two extremes of heat and cold laft year at Naples, was only
40 degrees ; whereas at Rcme it was no ltd than 6a. Yet, by ail ac-
counts, their winter was much more agreeable and healthy than,
ours : for they had clear frofty weather, whiJrt we were deluged with
perpetual rains, accompanied with exceeding high wind. The peo-
ple here allure us, that in fome feafons it has rained conftantly .every
day for fix or feven weeks. But the moft difagreeabte part of the
Neapolitan climate is the firocc or fouth-eaft wind, which is very
common at this feafon of the year; it is infinitely more relaxing, and
gives the vapours in a much ftronger degree, than the worft of our
rainy Novembers, It has now blown for thefe feven days without
Intermiffion ; and has indeed blown away all our gair:y and fpirits ;
and if it continues much longer, I do nil know what may be the
conlcquence. it gives a degree of Ufli lode, both to the body and mind*
that renders them abfoluteTy incapable of performing their ufual func-
tions. It is not very furprizing, that it mould produce thefe effects
on a phlegmatic Englifo ccnllitution ; but we have juft now an in-
stance, that all the mercury of France mud fink under the load of
this horrid, leaden atmofphcrc. A fmart parilian Marquis came
hereabout ten days ago: he was fo full of animal fpirits that the
people thought him mad. He never remained a moment in the fame.
place ; but, at their grave conventions, be ufed to uup about from
room to room with fuch amasing elafticity, that the Italians (Wore he
had got fprings in his fhoes, I met him this morning, walking with
the ftep of a philofophcr ; a fmelling bottle in his hand, am) ail hi*
vivacity cxtinguifhed. 1 afted what was the matter? " Ah I mon
*' ami, faid he, je m'ennui a la mort ;— moi, qui n'ai jamais feu
" l'cnnui. Mais cet execrable vent m'accablei et deux jours de
«' plus, etje mepend."
The natives themfelves do not fuffer lefs than Grangers ; and alt
nature feemi to langujfli during this abominable wind. A Neapolitan
lover avoids his minrefs with the utraoii care in the time of the firocc,
and the indolence it infoircs, is almoil fnfficient to extinguish every
pa 15 on. All works of genius are laid afidje, during its continu-
ance;— and when any thing very flat or inltpid is produced, the
ftrongeft pbrafe of difapprobation they can, bellow is, " Era fcritto
*« in tempo del firocco ;M that it was writ in the time of the firocc*
In vain did our ingenious Traveller endeavour, by enquiry,
to obtain fome account of the nature and caufe of this very
Angular wind 3 — ' the people here, fays he, never think of ac-
counting
Brydoric'' Twr tbn^b SU-fy axJ Stafa
*S
j for any iking/ He applied to a celebrated phjrfician ;
bus the phy-faciaa was *s ignorant of (be matte: 41 tin neigh*
bourt.
In the fccond volume we meet with a fan her defcripton of
tfec firoee, wirh which our Author happened 10 renew hi* ar.
quaincance ac PaJerno, in Sicily j where he found its violence
increafed, but its Juration was much ftiorrcr : for
in Sicily it feldom lafts above 40 hours. Here he again endea-
voured u> icarn the caufc jnd fuutcc of this fcouhing pheno-
menon j and he feems :o have been a little, though very little,
more fuccefsful than he was at Naples. He met, at Pale:
with an old man who had written upon the fubject, and who
maintained it to te the fame wind that is fo dreadful in Africa*
wherr it fometimr* proves mortal in the fpace of half an hour:
and, indeed, the vicinity of this illand to the coaft of Bar bar/,
» futneient to countenance the old man'* aflcrtton.
refeSing QMAdi like Mr. Brydono'j, could not but be
flrucfc n .irlanclaoljr change which this line part of Italy
hath experienced iincc tht time* of lit ancient fplcndor and
bap'pincG.
* Tfeewhciecoau that furroundi the beautiful bay of Naples, par-
ticata/iy taut near Puzzoii, Comaa Miccnurn, and Baia, tc obicms,
is covered over with innumerable monuments of Roman magnificence.
But, m are tlie mighty fallen ! This delightful coafl, that
was once tie garden of all Italy, and inhabited only by the rich, the
j»f , aod luxurious, :* now abandonrd to the pooreft and molt n;
at'le of aioruh. Perhaps, there i: no fpot on the globe, that hai
sodcrf-nx fo pcisecl a change ; 01 that cin exhibit fo ft: iking a pic-
twr •f the vanity of heman grandeur. Tliofc very walls that onc«
loaded a C*far, a fhoft/, the richeit and mnft vo-
lapseoua of mankind; ire now occupied by the very mean fit and
nil iadigett wictclici on earth, who arc aflcally (lanring for want
intaeae very apartments e the femes of the rnoft saheardH "
fcrary ; wfcerc we are cold lint ftsppera wrre frequently given, that
coal arty tboufand poandt ; and some, rhat even smouatc.1 to double
that lam : a decree of magnificence thai we h&ve «rv dignaliy 10
ferns any idea or". The laxu : or Biin nas fo great, rhat ft
became a. proverb, even unon^lt ihc Inxurianl Rumsuisihunlclvei.
Aa4, at Room-, areofrta find ihem Bphraidtag wuh < •, and
rpKunlm, those wfto fpeat much of their time in this icene of d>-
lij;! 1 in Cicero's teeth more than a
that orator's having putCAifed a Villa here, hurt hira Dot a Ktth m
ifc>r id BtOfC -uftere fart of the fcciatr. The
i! ihcie palaces nill remain ; and che pnnr peabrm, ifi
Jifaces, ba«e boilt up their raifcrabJ* huts within tc-
tat, there is not 00c gem !r a. an or man of lafhion ■ .■ y
part of dbatCoamtr" ; the former Rate of wfc 1, 1 with 1
btssc&t, certainly nukes the molt liaising conu in able. ■
* T\us
iS Bry3oncV *Fcur ibrough' Sicily and Malta,
* The bay is of a circular figure ; in moft places upwards of :•
miles in diameter ; To that including all its. break* and inequalities,
the circumference is considerably more than 6p miles. The whola
of this fpace is fo wonderfully diverged, by ail the riches both of
art and nature, that there is fcarce an objed wanting to render the
icene complcat ; and it is hard to fay, whether the view is more
pleating from the Angularity of many of thefe objects, or from the
incredible variety of the whole. You fee an amazing mixture of the
antient and modem ; fome rifing to fame, and Tome (inking to ruin.
—Palaces reared over the tops of other palaces, and antient magni-
ficence trampled under foot— by modern folly. — Mountains and
iflands, that were celebrated for their fertility, changed into barren
waftes ; and barren waftes into fertile fields and rich vineyards.
Mountains funk into plains, and plains fwellcdinto mountains. Lakes
drunk up by volcanos, audextinguilhed volcanos turned into lakes.
The earth Kill fmoaking in many places ; and in others throwing out
flame. — In fhort, nature fcems to have formed this coaft in hermoft
capricious mood ; for every object is a lu&i nature. She never
fcems to have gone ferioufly to work ; but his devoted this fpot to
the moft unlimited indulgence of caprice and frolick.'
The piituro here drawn of the bea-u.iful fcenery which pre-
fents itfelf to the eye of an obferver, from the middle of this
celebrated bay, is quite enchanting. — The veffel in which our
Author had fct fail, in order to depart for Sicily, was fortu-
natery becalmed, in the n.iidft of all thefc delightful objecls; as
though the. wind had courtcoufly fallen back on purpoie to give
the paflengers time for contemplating the beauties around them*
* The bay is ihut out from the ivicditerrancan by the ifland of
Capic, fo famous for the abode of Auguflus ; and afterwards fo in*
famous' for that of Tiberias. A.little to the well lie tbofu of Ifchia,
Frocida, andKifxja ; the celebrated promontory of Miccnnm, where
jEneas landed ; the claflic field* of Eaia, Cuma, and Puzzoli j with
all the variety of fcencry that formed boch the Tartarus and Elyfium
of.thcantients; the CampiHilegei, or burning plains where Jupiter
overcame the giants ; the Monte Novo, formed of late years by fire ;
the Monte Barbara; the pi&urefqae city of Puzzoli, with the Sol-
faterra fmoaking above it j — the beautiiul promontory of Paufillipe,
exhibiting the fincfi fcenery that can be imagined ; the great and
opulent city of Naples, wj(h its three catties, its harbour full of
mips from every nation, its palaces, churches, and convents innu-
merable. The rich country fro© thence to Portici, covered with
noble houfes and gardens, and appearing only a continuation of the
city. 'I he palace of the king, with many others furrounding it, all
built over the roofs of thoic of Hcxculaneum, buried near a hundred
feet, \>y the eruptions of Vcfuvius. The black fields of lava that
have run from that mountain, intermixed with gardens, vineyards,
and orchards,. Vcfuvius.itfelf, in the back ground of thefcene, dif-
-charging volumes of fire and fmoak, and forming a broad track in
the air over our heads, extending without being broken or difiipated
to the uunoft verge of the horizon. A variety of beautiful towns
and
Brydont'i Tsvr ihrttqb SLify end Malta* j»
and Tillage*, rcond the b*k of the n-nunuia, ihoughtlcA of tlie im-
peadin( rain I iliem. t«mc ot tbcfc arc reared
orer ol tompeia rr.dSubia, where 1'Hny prrifacd ;
and with their touAdanons hivo pierced ihrtuj red -.bodo of
Ihc anlicnt Romany— ta-*ufind» ol wh iried here, (be \ic-
of ibis inexorable ino«n:*in. N- r* ten five ~nd
romantic toxtt r! o Muc, So/rc : rd
wit* « very pictafefqee object in nature. Il waj the (hadyof t
aed bcfiuulul couatry that sn.-mr>d o jt gicauil bndkape-pajateii.
««5 the School of Poj|£tt «.d SkUaxor Rofa, but molt partita.
', who coojpofcd rainy of Jus iii«- . < d piece*
from ihe boW crxggy rocki that fu--:i;:;i :ii»coaA; and no dou ■
■ om the d C objecli, thai tiey
Hon .ththatv:.- .:.e; i.iie OOaMnOakatcd
io tW%«tU ifcisb Tu: Ingf,
Oiould I tell \ou that thia inuncn-c wirl, tbii prDtiigiottt
ryof mounutm. v*l ;J iflafcdi, covered ore*
crdiirr, and loaded with the he**.1 aU
ibe » '• 1 uaaf. .
jieaz a flretch of faith to believe certain, I
can only be doubled by ikofc who nc u.- curiulity to
oraimnr tr. It i% Grange, you tull Cij, that nature fliouli m ike ufe
- frm« agent to create as todef'rny ; and rhat what has only been
ketcd upon ai tac confjraer c ' wer thai
produces UDMli laHfffi :':ii j>.;rt i haft
■adcrgoa* the foai -m ;- .i.»ua::il «-pn il* wtu^cof k: but, Like
from in 0*9 aflic*, in much greater
The trace* of the le
dii- r i tbc)
in* ^cc i - ujwicd
ts!«rary la their efiecb. The arc in 11 u not ;.-ct extiiw
j»uaed, il r-.^ri wirh any
4tmc or
I*> dcfcnbisig ZinM, our curious Tra-
veller ha* many n of
sencrablt cb.cl I voicanoi. He tike*
C! it ran of lava, Git or ("even miles
id, and of an enormous depth, which had fluwsd into the
fea, driven its wave* bite ;or uuwaidi : formed
a large, black, btgh pionv it was deep
water. Thb lav*i osij Author i in- ucd,
,, as yet, he (ay*, cove; very fcanty Ibii) had
unuin but a . £%o-t but he wa* fur-
3d whtO SigflOf Rccupero, an :: I Ca-
; (who i- . 1 cd
hirn that fi* very lava i« mcritioned by Di.*dorus Siculu; to
tavc buril lr«>m toe ro?cano in ft'c tii-c of thr fecond Funic
war, when S/racufe ws Ronum,
■ chrtcpt « ■
fiegcu. Tbey were ' . . .
a8 Brydone** T$ur tbrntgb S/'afy and Malta.
which had reached the fca before their arrival at the root of the mo**-
tain, and entirely cot off their paftage; and obliged them to retars
by the back of .£tna, upwards of 100 miles about. His authority
for this, he tells me, was taken from inscriptions on Roman monu-
ments found on this lava, and that it was likewile well afecrtained by
many of the old Sicilian authors. Now as this is about 2000 year*
ago, one would have imagined, if lavas have a regu!ar progrefs in
becoming fertile fields, that this mult long ago have become at leaft
arable: this however is not the cafe, and it is as yet only covered
with a very fcanty vegetation, being incapable either of producing
corn or vines. There are indeed pretty large trees growing in the
crevices, which are full of a very rich earth : but in all probability
it-will be Come hundred years yet, before there is enough of this to
tender it of any u(e to the proprietors.
* It is curious to conftder, that the furface of this black and barren
matter, in precef* of time becomes, without exception, the moft fer-
tile (oil upon earth : but what time muft it require to bring it to its
utmoft perfection, when after 2000 years it is Hill in moft places but
a barren rock? — Its progrefs is poffibly as follows. The lava being
a very porous fubftance, eafily catches the dutt that is carried about
by the wind j which, at firft, I obferved, only forms a kind . f mofs ;
(his, by degrees, in creating the foil, finall niragre vegetables are
produced, which rotting 10 their turn, are IftewiTo conversed into
foil. But this .progrefs, I fuppofe, is often greatly accelerated by
fhowers of a(hes from the mountain, as I have obferved in fome
places the richeft foil, to the depth of five or fix feet and upwards ;
and ftill below that, nothing but rocks of lava. It is in thefe fpots
that the trees arrive at fuch an immenfu fize. I heir roots (hoot into
the crevices of the lava, and lay fuch hold of it, that there is no in-
stance of the wind's tearing them up ; though there are many, of its
breaking off their immcnle branches.*
This circumftance, added to the inferences that have been
drawn from many other appearances in Nature, ftrongly tends
to fubvert all our common received notions of chronology, and
the age of the world. The Canon Recupero, it feems, not
having the fear of the inquifition before his eyes, and forgetful
of the fate of his philofophical predeceflbr, poor old Galileo,
haa made ufc of his observations on the feveral flrota of lavas*
to prove the »aft antiquity of the eruptions of &tna » and thus
be reafons :
* Near to a vault, which is now thirty feet below ground, and has
probably been a burial-place, there is a draw-well, where there are
fevers! flrata of lavas, with earth to a considerable thicknels over the
furface of each ftratum.'— Now, * If it requires two thoufand years
or upwards, to form but a fcanty foil on the furface of a .lava, there
moft have been more than that fpace of time betwixt each of the
eruptions that has formed thefe flrata. But what (hall we fay of a
nit they funk near to Jaci, of a great depth. They pierced through
seven diftinft lavas one over the other, the furfaccs of which were
parallel, and moft of them covered with a thick bed of fine rich
earth* ' Now, fays he, the eruption that formed the kmeft of thefe
tot***
Ttur tb't*ih Siuly a%4 ALiu.
**
if *e way b* 14 tttScm free* analogy, stun bar*
ftoptc fiuf* the a»'> leaft fourteen thfu&iui yean «j*o."
ure find, ha*, ax larl ':ngl/
-rd pear Rc*:urj-i<»; who conf-iicd to Mr. Brydoi
Wary \A .T.i-m, be found M<
<*p'*fi Uim, at: I for rn-
- he reully Km not the runfeienco to make Ms
I ropfcwt make* the world." — And
Hal/ tbi_ > icaiba to be unenfy.
tor « it M tbot » trie Bilhop, who it flranuoullf
t*tho-doa~ii*f it it an excellent fe««— liaa already warned (bo
C&ucxi r ■ ' | i t. i i >u»rd ; and nol p/ettfld to be a belter
. nor prdurr.c to urge any thing
that rt be deemed contradictory t«
will become or the book, or
Wifa> it» i?, to IK, rn utter ofy>dr-
jiij r.v,lur . v.xu • \ I. e: n'.iI.L-.i-h wc (bould fioccrclv
rcjo. mutiny of reading fo curious a dtl
is performance, and that a rery err-
ler.annr from L'jpt. B/i defctiption of hit
to of the wonderful mountain abf
t day-break, that the party
totr.. .-.Is, their attendants, and guKlty
fctcm" • UbOfiutis yet pkanngCXpcdatioAi
Tae ■ lain a divided into (hire riiftinc) rrftant*
3*d by the name* of the fertile, the woody, and tnc
bauen the firft in the lower, the fctond the middle, and tn^
I fofm* the utprr pit! I hey are at different, both in
a« the three SOM of the eaith ;
and perhaps nvght (.u cur T>avt!lcr oblerve*) with equal
i .xu ft; led x the to*p4T<ittt and the
Hit lunocndi th- foot of the mountain, and
counlrr in the worl i.
- of a-br i| whore the woody region
begin*. »oft entirely of lava, w r a
■Tiber of age*, H at Uft converted into the richtti o< AX
n tbey rad tr. I velve miles up the fertile, or
cd a: the village of Nscolofr, where
tbty At Catania it 1tr«xJ at
elevation •» not fuppofed toex-
^'JCO U<:, ye* the .unite w.ij. ocaily changed. At Ca-
* From the Ci'.j* ot'Catana, fi:u*i<U a< ilic foot of the mouv.-.v..
5o BrydonVs 7iar rtav* 0 &v$ at J Malta!
tania the harvest was entirely over, and the heat wjj ink
por: ra it va* moderate, and r'nr corn ye* green. "1 he?
I of this region, which t-. ch:^ucrcd with vineyards, or-
chards, and cum-fields, is reckoned tlcc fineft in Sicily ; parti-
cularly tin
In abridging the narrative of this journey %ip the mou
it is impoiSble for uj not to injure it irreparably. Our narrow
limits will oblige u to pit's orcr a thoufand curious particulars j
to omit almoft all the Author** ingenious obfcrvattutis relating
to the litem nrci of this (hipcridous volcano, and to its various
craters and crruptioiis : and !o hs^en, at fait as the narure of
fo difficult a march will Allow, to trie tremendous principal
crater at the tumn-tir. — Wennsft mr, however, omit tr>6biVrve,
that this lower region of the treat parent mountain, is covered
©ver with a mult : IdTet hills, every one of which is a
volcano, and wai y formed by an eruption: our Au-
thor thus account* Mr th
* As tie e.rrat crater of /ctn\ lifed to fuch an enormous
heigh? above the lower region i ot the mountain, i poiiiblc,
thai ■ and (he b.it'c. and no
dog below if. (hKld be carried bd the height of rwctie &
ibably i" blgh li the mjaii of .x:na.
. thai are thf mountain
aod iti
and ' Uni\i a \
walle the adjacent country : thefe
arc fc^n iollowed br red hot toner, and roekt of a great fiae, thrown
to «n Imsneclft towcher
Mitb Btjeiof ad «;cd At th= fame lime, at lall fortxs
the fpherieal and conical maintains i bare nteniioncii', tinea
tbii oroc<i» isfcpiihed in tftwcoe ■ it lasts
fur rmmtas, which ivaath tea* eruption li >j. la that
cafe, tbtr»oontaia formed Ja of a peal ie of thefc arc r.ot
■ round, and upwards of one thcafaad
feet ir. perpcr.' " are nut more than twtr
or three miles round, an gh.
' f\fter this mountain i the las a $eaerally burlls opt front
ttery thing before it, ii ior ther
noil part temrinited by taeti ooctsol an
eruption; lew (bosesstlsM happen-, thovga lardy,
lara ; from the fiefc
MlCl, onij the <iU with the-
iooa of \cfuvsui, when: tuc elevation bciaj to m
she me) ret Is generally carried in
lomena I have ' I; ■ - i T-
rwemof Hones aad alho :
vrichou iny new D b«l o ily &
.jhtof the old one: till .
mit of the D of lnc crater, and the c
i .!» bas literally beet the cafr wfcb two croj
have
BryoVne'r T*ar f&rwg h Sldfy and ?,ie>h*» 31
Vive been *ii attentive witoefi of in that mocntaia ; but ^tua it
upon *n 1 001 enough (ogive
vcvtto fa
One 01 thefc yovmc <£trus» known by tbc name of Monpc-
ltrn, tfi£*ged out -lion, Iry it* Jut*
■
tfcer of 1 fphtrtdl than a conical flinpe. and d
U pcrpcodiC u.'ar ' il lo prr-
fecuy regular on every )i 1 richly ov- mi
flower?! **a* 1 cou!J 00c leave fo heavenly a Ijoe, ivi;kouct4f r^awH
rcy;»c;. »U»c i;-.n. 14; una md
11 Xi cti^l'y fcottowcU v bowl. 1 walked q
io<i. % *nii ihlajc ic is (Maitwhst •pwaxJi
auL.
Moopdtcri ia of a very o'.J dale; and was for-nci by the
eruption which deftro ■ -sucirul : near
Hybla, once fo mmca celebrated I, r**c
I 669, an g the *w1i
no left than four months an-
kti, bur i out about
the
nuuV
.
to two b: »3 Mor; .incJ
jfjin on (be fovih hJe, laid • . try air-tlw
w*. id the walli of tbaretor, lettee
peered ii. • Ifl
1 have UHJll
peoples it fori..- where t'.crr were
and filleJ up a p Iiki-, ol ;y too
c to be I
Author fa vi he found a Jrffrrr of w-Mncft 3n
io the
elfr. A ' fl >ckc4
tta&ces of ihnr rudetuf*, j treatment ot I
but heron hi rtativ from that of K-ron
RiC' bout thiee yean he.
#wc Mr- Brydor.e : and of whofe traveh «c i n an ac-
count in our Rcvlevi for March in run
tap, *4 «*»•* . ic :1d! 1..
manner}, 1101 *.< tl: , as t?a*e] ■ tbc
them. If eft peopl:,
aa are to t * *1) place wtirango
and where men liv< Nature) —
They arc fincctc, and willing to oblige; and the ii.iv- ;cr hnd»
the moll tood d nen in tlicfc well- peopled v.
How thai I wc account for thii difference *.
iucfa of our U Jar> 00 <Jovbt> fptkcit Of tV.o fetj>fa **
i*
BrydoncS 7W t&rtKgl Stag and Maitd*
be found them i and the difference waif probably, all owin
to fome accidcjit. The truth is, peihaps, firoply thfa»— 1\
JEincant arc like the inhabitants of other countries, fome indi-
viduals arc more civilized in their manner*, and bohare better
thin their neighbour*. Baron R- wr foppofe, met only wilh
decent people, and Capt. B. happened to fall iu with a mob.—
£ut it is now rime to purfue out journey.
Leaving Nicolofi, afttr travelling an hour and a half o»fr barren
ifid Uva, Our traveller* *rri?cd at the £r/.::»-r SrlvtKt, or the
Irmpctate /.one, * So foon at we entered thete dthgfaftlftfifli •,
we itemed to have got into another uorM The air, which before
wns fultry and hot, was n^w eool and rerYcftiinri and ertry brtrrx
was loaded with a thoafind peffoftCtj the whole ground bcinrco-
vcrcd v\cr with trie richcft afOxnatk [■Inn.',. M.my par u of tuia
tna
8h
gion arc really the moft heavenly fpotl nnon c.inh; and if m
refembles Ml within, it may with e<|u*l jullic* be fa id to referable
paradife without.
1 It i» indeed a curious ccnfideration, that tlii.i mountain rtiould
reunite cxciy beauty and every honour; and, in Jhort* Jl ;he moii
oppofite and difTimilar object* in nature. Hrrr you ohfrrve a gulp*
that form-rJy tarewout torrent* of fire and ftnoke, now covered wi
the mol luxuriant vegetation | and from an object of terror, become
one of delight, Here you gather the moil dclicou: (ink, rifing from
what was but lately a black and barren rock. Here the ground is
covered with every flower; and we wander over the fa b -nd
contemplate this wildcrnci'r of fweets. without co nixie ring that hri!,
with all iti terror;, 11 immediately under our recti and that but a
^ids feparate us from iakci Of liquid fuc and briintloec.
• Bu: our altouflhmcut llill increile-., oa catting our eyes on the
higSr* rCgjotlJ of the mountain. There we behold. En perpetual
union, the t*o elements that are at perpetual war; an immenfe
julph or" fire, for ever cxUling in the midll of fnews that it has t-ot
• Here, too, Baron Riedcfcl's account differ* from Mo D'j.
Striking of :!ie fame forctt, the Baron fay*. * at the begi
©sly found a few ever-green oak*, which were fur from fine, or :
and advancing farther into the foreft, I Guv nothing but ftarnbeamr,
and fuch like trrci, crooked and all bent to the ground —1 at lafl
met vith fome oak), bat tiicr could not be called nnc, and were net
remarkable for fi/e. This wood funoundi the whole IDOBMaaa, but
is not thick, and eomilU of poor and inconudcr-blo 1 tm ' — it u to
beobferved thai llthoogh 'he fafofl Ol tn raj r ia which thafc |
ilcmcn vifited £tni waj neat a/ai the dii
ence of all ioA •» m Afavcfc, in the be-
ginning of fummer, mijrh: mrcc a neat ilcenrson in the
ince 01 the foreft. The Baron w^v 1 j of Miy ; jn.
to that year, it h*pu«nod to he a backward fotii
be Icen to much j>reacer cifsdvista^e than
(ptflibl>) atevaract fam Ektthu,
if art have railed in r-ur frsersdlycn<ieari»ar!. to
i*£ /yutu*, wc mull e'en leave tbcm to fcitlc the d
•
ferydane's Ttxr thrttigb Suify cW MtrflA* J J
cower to xaeh ; and immcnfe fields of Cncv and Ice forever fiirroand-
Ug ilui gcljib of fire, which tfcey have not power to exting j
1 Th* woody region of >£tna afcendi ftr about c«f>ht or nine
miles, and forms an cxtft xoae or fcirdle. of the brightell srrtn, ftU
around (he mountain. Th» niyht wc patTec through little mora
tain tnc half of it ; arriving fbrnc time before fjnlet at oar lodging,
vaich was en other than a I»'t*e cave, formed by one bf the mot
en: and vtteeab!? lava*. It is called £« $tv.'*n'a A^ CapnJt, or
gMU camu, became frequented by tticl'c aniiiuU; who take
refare thctc in tad weather.
" Here nf aene delighted by the contemplation of many ;?rei? and
beautiful objects. Tfc* profoect on all iides i. ianmefeic ; and we •!•
ready fecm to be lifted up from the cj;;h, and to haicgot into ft
fie* world.
:r cavern U furroumled by the »o!t /lately and rnajchMc oafci t
cf the dry learei of which. tt* made very comfor:*ble bit!*: mid
with oar hatchet) , which we had brought on purpolc, we uut d-j*«
great branch**, aid* in a foort time, had a Arc Urge ci^jgh to roaft
■a ox. 1 uUcrved my ibtrmoinctxt, tod fouada ftojn 71 ai Nico-
lofi# it bad now fallen belewfo. The batometer flood at ti
•nd of our caue we ft ill ronrid a great quantity of fnew,
c\ fceinetl to be fent :hcr« on pur,u!c for us, -" rhcie Wll no
water to be found. With tftn w* nllcd our tra-ketllr, UNtfl
bread and butier was tbcor.lv fupper we had provided; .inJ probably
the kfl 09/ to prevent us from being overcome by fleep or fttijrur.
M a^reat way from thij casern, there arc lOFO of th# moffc
beaotiral movntaiot of all that immcnfe num^ tool
.Etna- I mounted one of cur heft an'o, and wit] I of
di Scatty armed a: the fammit of the litild
More uo-lal 1 H
aa-= . "a» woadr- :htf
riv<r -cocim. the ruins of H feci ' a hci lucleot towns |
the ruwli ». ' r ttiour.-
> ; ./. madd
a d. mmd mcontnlni ar«
My larger laUu that dI V- r art"
mm filled with .';i!c.y ojfcs, and covartd to a £r«nt depth wiib tb#
rkheat (bit. I oHcxved that m of £raa, like the farmer,
lapofed of lava ; but thi* 1. rem- nbeaitbi
Iftflt it u 00 *ocfe to be feer. bu: ;n the b COrreotl In
Vftay of tbelc U is vtoro down or :h« •■ be Jipt-ior Tilly Ot
kny f«r, aod jr more.— What ftn
»cuf iiit ».*^.-ui^ j(iu.|uiu uf the ciu^iiio..s of
. rar-iatn '
• .*« ywe as it »ias dark wp reti(«d trs our cave, and took poflWSoa
ites.'
v mvellrra good niftit, wc !rxvc -
r rapolff. at t
- propofe to call u 1 :h;m »n Our ntait rXCurliun, Jinl
to jeevwpa/tj tnc^; t j tb« »f of :!
/-<r '//J-
f\M
( 34 )
Art. VI- Sixty Sermons en plain end praQital Suhjeds. ty the late
Rev. Thomas I'yle ; many Years Minifter of Lynn, in Norfolk*
C«non Reiideiuiary of the Church of Sarum, and Author of the
f araphrafc on the Aits, EpiiUcs, and Revelation, in the Manner of
' Dr. Clarke. Pubiiihcd by his Son, Philip Pyle, A. M. 8vo.
2 Voli. t2S. Robinf;n. 1773.
THE Author of thefe difcourfes has been well known and
refpecled in the learned world, on account of his literary
abilities ; — in private life he appears to have been held in ffiH
higher cftimation, for his integrity, piety, and benevolence :
and all thefe <*.ccnmpiifhments and virtues are abundantly mani-
Fcfhd in the poflhumous compdfitions now before us. Thefe
fermons, are not indeed. remarkable for elegance of ftyle, or
brilliance of femiment, nor do they abound in (peculations or
profound and critical refearches ; but in lieu of thefe Shining
parts of pulpit erudition, they are happy in the real beauty of
simplicity ; they are well adapted to convince mankind of their
true intcrtfts, and to perfuade us to attend, duly and earneftly,
to th. ie important fubjecls, the true knowledge of which is (6
requifite to their prefent and future welfare. — We ihall give a
{hart fpecimen or two, for the farther fatisfadion of our
Readers ;
The fir ft fir m on in the fecond volume coniiders God's fen-
tence on Adam, as it is related, Genefis iii. 19. In tbejweat of
thy face fiah thou eat hready &c. it is the Author's endeavour to
extenuate (he feeming rigour of this fentencc, and indeed to
ihew that in fad it contains little or no curfe at all. He afks,
what ground was it that was curfed ? Not, he replies, the whole
earth; but the ground of Paradife; that was curfed \ * implying,
fays he, no more, than that it was lejs bleffed than before.— it
was deprived of all its -uncommon beauties, and fpontaneou*
fruitfulnefs— it was levelled with the common ground, and laid
open to the reft of the earth; but ftill it retained its natural and
general virtues.' Jn like manner the words * in forrow (bale
thou cat of it,' he confiders only a? denoting that,—* if Adam,
or ;>ny of his poficritycamca^ain to inhabit that place, they fhould
find ir, in romparifon with what it had been, a forrowful abode/
it i» thus that our Preacher comments on this part of the Old
Teftamcntj and on the whole he concludes it to he 'clear in point
of Scripture, that neither the pains nor the fhortnefs of human
life were the 0rigin.1l defign of a good Providence, but are the
offspring of mens own wilful folly and vice. Labour and in-
iluilry, he adds, were adapted by aimighty God to fwecten and
|o prolong it.' The Writer's observations and reafonings are
ingenious, but his explication does no: appear to us to amount
to .he full force and meaning of the palliige in queftian.
The
Strxvat vt pkir. and }r*f3itjl &kfyQ$,
35
The eighth fcewfes in tbia volume an
Pro I 17. ./.*...-.
wo. ate confidcred a' Igntfjing that, 1 the
knowledge and nr a&icc «■' ■.. i: the perfection ol
human mtnd.* The fecond of the fermoai conclude* with thi»
ohorutKm : * I^et ut here remark a pi
whereby wc may all ■ .«, and learn **W0
lu^' i j>ion. and what flitr wc are in. 'ihc
teaches you 10 jud^e of your ro nd, *j you u*©uld cf a tr
tout ga;dcn : * by ii> fruits y<iu tfc If you ih
I fuppofe rooft men do) that y*ur re i ■ cut p< Kcela
• then, afl and clam <rei
kite attained by 1- and frc, whether, it 0»aj not
perhaps be wry j:o©d in if/*/", ind ret be md« worth icry little
ynu
th« rfrrioe and facial virtues? Hai tl>e image
ofyowr (JoJ *n J Saviour, in ufncu, mcekncfa, humility,
all good natun I if fwccrcncd >our tern;
an! io/cmd you. out
I irviur to God whofe creat i they all are ?
Or ha* it i>:;t left you flill cenfortous* four, fdrUh, and uncha-
ritabli If it hat, depend > pon it l God ii not to be mucked/
thourh j4* may dcccirc ;»«•.'
' ITjrouiaaagli heaita to be f-nc!*fi«J by believing at
random what you do ikjC underfland, or fu Bering others to
Ulu.c ana* to \ivefr von ; — if ,11 ciifurc your rdftgpQj) by
the length cf your creed, not by the number « ,ood
worki i— or if )Ou calculate >oui holiacfi bj tounds of dcro-
tioci, by a circulation of reared prayers, or frequency of faera-
mea*> #*£, without the pmtr of tha godlincfj along with the
fsrm$fift — in all tnefc ofr-s you ibufe rhr g™H mrars and
utt< nc end. You have none of that fpu.t 1.-1 you,
faftdftfl but are upon thr level with
a footiui hufband ran, who make* a grc.t . ine*
yard* withou. I n j any good plants in it: and when
*mn comet, he h:t nothing to do but to*oaud try whether
be can * gather giapevof taWna, or flg> from thifflea,'
Inthciu Cttmoo this truy turiftian preacher urjei
ha Scarcrj to a diligent guard ajainft the frtarea of an
. from 7 P«f . j- 4. * Their
(mj% he, nochnrtim, that has any w/W*r *{ Q * ' ' I* i '-fling hi«
! wiili a profyeft of/»«i he
beorhti and reward* of it: and it would be deemed a fever*
kauic, to cjk arc of yoa from fo precious an expecta-
tion. But, at f!«.- Ur»rtin-. it infinitely concerni you alt, to
. 1. .' ' •< 1 w '.1: ground you !'
1^ another )}fc} Zxainitte icditu^ol
l> % ^oi*t^%
36 Noorthouck'r Hi/lory of London*
yours, by the fruits it has produced. What good effect* has)
your hope had on you ? Has it quickened your -endeavours #>
merit the blelUngs you wifh to receive? Has it made you.par-
takers of God's holinefs here, that you.may befo hereafter ? Maa
the fenfe of his truth, jirftice, goodnefs and mercy, prevailed
with you to * put on bowels of mercy* to your fellow creature* ;
to * fpeak truth with your neighbours,' and to * do good even
to your enemy.7' Iffutb be your cafe, yoe may indeed have hqpe,
and a hope full of {mortality! * But it your faith and confidence
be no better than 'this— that you may get to heaven fume way
or other, with all your lufts and vices about you ; and may be
accepted in CbriJI9 though you never were a follower of God ;— -
be not deceived ! For though you may eafily delude ymrf$lft
Qod cannot poffibly thus be mocked ! j;s
* All your other accomplishments may render you a man
of the world, a man of bufinefs, or of Icience : but heaven (a
the reward of none but the jW man. Turn over your Bible
as long as you pleafe, you will find no fucb promife initr f*y
* bleflcd are the learned, bleflcd are the ingenious and politic/
nor yet * bleflcd are the zealots- lor the articles of their church*
or the formalities of devotion/ no not * blefied are the very
propheciers, nor the worker? of miracles in the name of Ch rift t*
but * bleflca are the merciful* for they' fhall obtain mercy :
blciTed are the pur* in hearty for they fhall fee God: bleflcd are
the peace- makers, for they Iball be the children of God/— they
ihali be ihe children of his kingdom, and the children of tfeje
rcl'uirctiion.'
The foregoing extracts will fuffice to give our Readers an
idea of Mr. Pole's manner j and we have only to add, that hi*
fcrrribns- have, among other exce lencies, the merit of not bejng
long-winded, and tedious: a circumftance which will render
them generally preferable to thofe wordy compofiliona that/fce'm.
rather calculated to lull people aficep, than to ' awake ibcm^oy
rjghtcoufnefs/ , . J"
■■ — — ■ •„:■*!■
A»T. VI'. A new Ui/try of London ; incUdhng Wefmmfier *md $•**'
- rwarJt. To which is added, a general ourvey of the. Whole »
dclcribing the public Buildings, late Impr vcojent*, ^c. . UljirfUaajoY
•ii with Copper-plates. By John Noouhoudu., jrjp. . J.l. JUfeft?*
...bound. Baldwin. 1773* ' v„ #, -, .-.•;. :--;;i6>.r>
AN Englifhman would probably be cHifged with parVlafll^
and' might incur the cenfure of the jealous' Tt/ft'fjjh^et,
fboul-d he pronounce the capital of his own 'country^ t6 be°rrte
firft city in Europe, if not fuperior to alienors lir rru-:ltfdfW|
but let the unprejudiced and well-informed traveller fiirfy
' "■■ " make
NcorihcticV* H:J?9<yof L*dm. 37
irilc the coinpirifoo between London arid any other known
metropolis it ihii frfting, and we may fafrfy leave "the
Aardicft fjn'niard tb-i 1 riic hfcarialj or the aiacf
he Louvre, to driw the inference.
The hiBor y, therefore, and farvey, of fo ^reat a«J flouriJliing
an emporium, cannot bill excite corfidrrab'-c attention, both at
home ami abroad -r and t very ctfay toward a comp'ete and fatis-
t and prefent ftarc of
woodex of the modern wceid will, tx> d».jbt, meet wt:h the
<-Lcj;di<e and encourage:] . 111 proportion to
iccaracy, judgment, aod intelligence with which h w exe-
cuted.
We have had vanojt arennnt; an J fureeyi of London and
Wcftoiiafter ; of which Stuwe*s, StrypcS, an! NLit'and'i arc
mot confider nbJe ; — hot <h^<r compilrmeiie* are too volu-
minous, roo tccicm;, and *ry, to full the genrral tiitc,cfpcctallj
.c present age, when fc.!i»-»s are brmmr quite out o/fafliion :
— and that they arc fo,lhc groaiiioff, flutVciof etetj booicfclJcr's
fbop bear woeful reft nv my.
TheprcL: .is jnd intelligent Compiler, fpeaking*
of - OUS pfCOCCclloiJ jjuvc-ii^nitij, bucfly ukct U tiCC
c aiiO prolixity of tneir work?, and (ben proceeds
Co captain the nature 411 i merit* of hit own plan*
He profede ip.it intention of hit vnricrtalci,
wis to give a connected htfloiicul, jm3 defcriptive account
our metropolis, in a coneenier.r fize, ard at an cafy price;
contracting vtrboic details, to bring the intcrcfiing n.
together; and by a propel ictofjcfi moment,
toi ;Ko(e of importance*
cad f 23 i I 'ii ?icw b<.
nor yet (he modclUy adJ»( (b honourable as to afford any
reward me c» cui <.i.
Woerr -i tr:rwif, continue* Mr. N. travel the fame
jownaty, it trill be Amv\\ ira.xiflblc for thofc who follow iaft,
to avoid tr ■ leforOL It will
hence, therefore, be obferves, be natural to fuppofc, Hid it >i
acfcno , nc lad iflrious mlirger and eon-
.vc and St type, ha$ been conlultcd, asae,oneral
•ugh this Work. Where the w I i'ened Othci
M,a» or- . or where he discovered fa*fU that
efcaped M-uiUnd, — whi c», (he tells us) bccann
nt m the Ja::cr periods or* 'he btflory, — the authentic*
from whence they a , »:c produced as vouchers foe the
Compiler, ^nJ for the fj:i«facftion of the Reader.— The I
charters of London, w th other papers of record iclating to the
la the Pry}tcl*i.
D3
COTfrtltttQft,
38 NoortbouckV HiJIory of London*
corporation, and neceflary to be introduced,— arc claflcd togpr
.ther in the Appendix: by which method the courfe of the
hiftory remains unbroken, by the intervention of materials
-which thofe, alone, who are intended in the affairs of the city,
_piay wantto confuk occasionally.
. . This Compiler who appears to be a warm and Ready friend -to
liberty, very rightly obf< rves, that boroughs and corporation!
-proved, at their wft erection *, excellent aflylums to artizans
9nd traders to .fly to, and fecure themfelvea. from the arbitrary
.rjaims-ofourantient feudal lords — In ihe work now' offered to
the public, he fays, * the happy progrefs and influence of. com-
merce in the great corporation of London, will be traced,' Ajntil
.by the general dlffuiion of property, a more liberal, popular
fyftem, of government took place of military barbarifm and
feudal tyranny f. Commerce was the original parent of Englifh
liberty';
* The Author thews, however, p. 113, that although the corpora-
tions were, at firft, fo happily iaftru mental in levelling the feudal
diftinctions, yet, by their exclusive privileges, they foon became in*
juriOQS to the liberty they had produced. " "
f Having here hinted, to his Readers, to obferve the firft effect of
corporation charters, in refcuing the political conmtutioo of thoa^
country from the feudal flavery, by diituling perfoaal liberty and"
protecting property, he afterwards marks the progrefs of this great
change, and gives the following epitome of it, at the time of the
• revolution, 1089.
. * As by this revolution, fays he, a finilhing hand may be faid'to
vnave been put to the prefent Englifh coollitution ; it will not be be-
"%'de our purpofe to paufe a while, in order to take a retrofpectlve
v- glance over the general caufes that operated in the alteration of it,
'■•/■tfter having thns traced the particular events. 1 .
''' * The progrefs of the Englifh government may be reviewed. in few
;»*roM%. When William the Norman eftabliihed himfelf and his fbl-
nAjowtffs here, ha alio more extenfively eftablifhed the feudal f^amf -of
"•^Jfovernment ; under which the king had little authority, *aa fh*
: people little or no liberty. The barons not only coqtrouled the king
in council, but . often oppofed him by arms ; and at the fame time
^'oppreflcd the people under their territorial jurifdictitms. Ottiv jnfn*
°'',-lar fi rua tion however as it fecured us greatly from external bomities,
,r and confined the barons to their domeftic conteft«-j fo military fobor-
dination gradually relaxed, and gave way at Jaft to trade and civil
- inftitutions. Trade gave property, property ■•enabled the people to
11 pBrchafc immunities, which difarming the baroas cm one fide, the
' legal power took advantages over them on the other-: and ■thus, kjow-
. ; aver' -paradoxical it may appear, the king grew more abfolute a* the
fWOple grew more tree. The feudal frame of government being
.alaioft *orn out when Henry VII. at the end of a long civil war,
obtained the crown; it is under the Tudors that we ijnd tjie regal
power in its largeft extent. But an imperious church fiilf remained
for
Ndortkouck'/ Hifirrj tf LciJc*. 39
hit* ever finee mutually aJvaticei each other ;
-and wc may continue tiCC, r kh, and happy, Jo long as wc guard
/or both pnscc and people to for:
. the
J rktiaddJO* ■
'I^body. i.f ifpofeiith* peftf^r to hir>k* |«v»fe
lie pnucc
bQpof K<>-t vrMi all f*l ir jfDjrfy, ard uromc
I . both ncsc ; I -:
kagili uugLt the people t.o ruc'i fur tie p
<i thai ' *a« ii 1 '.1 . an
pr r.cc and people w.>l\ to-. \
i :-
• jrow» formidable, a nil
tiaa the crr.ttnxi.ti powtre-«I * wheel J* roc .*|;
cooVavc retell iiimfelf behind a re-*
iid united with ■ Willi
■• imoreo.ct fafficientlf inclie-ed BO n tfce pa;*.
-, M »ore fn'nunl^e to their dtfpotit riewi, ui»< '
ic p«*>plc :.) Kt: : .1 ore
«> by the illiaree «>ich fepporrcd it. would <vh i ;
Charles i. w-i the kin; wild whom t.>e koto
a*etiord *. it was indeed at natural for him to p-rvrt <
of trwfe p"^«T< which the imsnedi 1
.-e people, well . icir Ibtngl
red I t>a»»er *ithtn reofonablc linir*. Kcl rh-: £#<*"al
v*e*»% of cither of tbe panics extended to pcitcive the
• «n! crifu ; 11 rnfl.T peaerahle irrl^ment !»j I <r:
tin: they both t&ed end<r the influence of earetimftjBoet* <aai rw 1
em appeared 10 tndntfand 1 at (call Ciulei. unaappity tor
<-?orarK it ihia
n.ftinfl by
- army tndera d < otit of horn, their
• £i, awl broegbt the Uft of rh* Stj
. 1 r ii«ereded nty «ca-
■.\ :o t»* it :
1 th.it if the fathtf fulHfcti i^cri i i
.1 feorpvu i<* Etgfffil
till :fce esooa csILed iti 1 ttrci^ncr . 1
■I the Jat: trrinc, andaxceptci the fttftteigm on
-poeae t**< tln/c v the ctfabliifcroean el
■ ra remor- I thetn on .1 tract .
f ov 1 in Lurtjon and oth ■
t it •*-»• not tOI tr -ped
Ulioa of lie feudal iflftitt .: tbcj became g*a<i*l ;
©of waj it till foftc taught our kingi to be jui. that the rightful
an of the p*op> wr.-c fuUj odrtiued and coamtned. Thin
I> ^ v., v;
4$ Noorthouck'* ffijfiry $f Unhn*
Bgaiflt thcextenftort of military power, which, fine* the refa.
raiion of Charles II. be* been again growing up, in another
form, an - however plaujible in iu prefrnt inftWution,
way, wiffi circumfpeclioni on the part of the people, be
fame time or other ml (applied * — The influence, however, of
commerce upon liberty is fo great, that till we have loft the
one, we need not be very apprehcufivc that the other will be
Tub- ^ ct -i Banding ifmy will ever bejuttly regarded a*
Of the pri I ftlfy.
r-.-mark, on the importance of the biftocy of
\a- u -n, Ei certainly jafi. Jt include-, Ikyi l»c * mote than the
vrit:4i7 it Aril Bghr, icem to import Local is it may appear,
taking is no lets than an hiilory of the operation ot
though no original corcpaftcan be actually produced between king
: people, » recent one » to be found at tan reroiution, ai valid at
if t| hxil the fandbon of >cei i when govrrnaeat wa* a; u;t fettled on
the br« ad bail* of popular alTcm and fuppou.
' The happy eiVecls of this equitable ciublinSment, were foon fceu
jn the rapid improvement finec made in every thing conducive to
civil fooety. I he Security of peHbnal triedoi*1, aru ptopeety, gave
free icopc 10 human obiluio, which the poorctl ol mankind enjoy
equal!) with the great, ill ihc deference confiding in the cultivation
pj il rm ; md private mtcrciUliciulatinr every one tu labour id tbcll
feveral i_'ep.-,i totems, we arrive at chia conclufmn, that the irrril
nation will aiways be the molt rich ind powerful. How ioos> a nation
tool dekribtd. Cm prefers tiuie characUu. . i ncertain : nclm
f'iroduccluavi), and lion ever favourable luxury may at M prove to
. and commerce ; iu tendency to unmon the l>.
ihe mind, fatally counterfeit thij fprcious temporary advantage.
i mayalrejijy ;>.-gin to perctivf thiv fid truth, without any C
jVtable prefaces ot being able to check its far when a p
E.on ot manner* takes afton, i rcunn u» virtue n v.
■ .i-il. and capcrirocc wine!, teachei u\ rial ibe n.iural progreti
things is onward, dllcrHiti any foch rairof ride aouv«*
pt> appear very unprcpicicui to the dura;
■■ ■ ■
* All thing* de^encra'e in time, and nothing fooncr ilau govern-
ment: liouctci p rudently U M) r «<*ra;e!y iu
-•lined and limited, it i. comivnatly encroaching
I people. Perhaps in fbfBefttfDn time,
ti»uluon itij> K nccj-
|il tj reduce it tc i:s iiti principles, and s .'■:/. *
i ihit noiiine lefs than the aaitcd effort* ol
this indifpenfible work, alien giie-
tied to, inc/e.-ifc beyond i I po-
.:yt «ncrvajcd b/ .olop'.aouiricls, may think it tf/Qfi l ten
tQ the invaluable legacies tunl'mi: *
to ikcna'by ikeir ar,ailor»j is a point that moil be If fi to their cob-
nunut-ct
i
a/!$rf
Noorrhojclc
c ill civilizing
natives
baibarou* ifland.'
After briefly mentioning the great K^nj/ confluence w*ich
tV cnizcn» ol London h**e acquired by tint wealth which is
t*e natvral produce of induftry ; and touching »lfo on the in-
fluence whch the advancement of commerce hath had cm the
iaapfc*rrmri of oar civil policy ; Mr- N. proceeds to ex-
p-jiutcon the amazmg extent of the mercantile connccliotif of
ihccifzcnt ol London: in extern, fay* he, much beyond whit*
ever the power of ar.ti'.it Rome ever reached by the (vroid.
Here he introduce* a OM . by wfiich the glory ■
r emporium of the world furfcrt great diminution. Lon*
doo, he affen.t, ileiivti more fcil J 3ilvjiiiJgc5 iivm a reciproca-
tion o4 friendly officii with all thr world, than the latiei ever
cujoynJ from an over-grown holtilc dumimon. In Rome, J;c
add*, * the ftatr, eoilrdively, wa& powerful indeed, hut indi-
ndoaii wrre poori until the plunder of provi-vce* enriched
her comma ndm: when fhe fonn Ml a prey, firft in her own
treacherous fcivants, and Afterward to rude northern invader*.
In London we ire iiidrviduil- wealth), hccaulc they arc m-
duD riout ■ ibe coni-i . I pe'.ifhrd focicty being enjoyed,
in forte decree by all ranka nf her eicir.ens. The a?regate»
therefore, w f* " for riches are the ftnewi or war, to a
proverb. The hbcrtict of the ekireni of London have already
ettftcd under a continual incrofr, longer than thofe of the
*fpittm» Rorranii and they Hill fiuunlh under the cultivation
of (>- "—
Bui wbik I^oodun aj j crior to Rome, when their
:.-e tl-.m eontrafled, it it here nfcfervrd char thd
:.<c advantage* of their biftofiant are inverted i t hie I lie
prataicur of majii&l Kcbkvcincnta jrivca a biilliancy to the ie-
cotev of ihe cne ; while thr ufelttl labour} of commerce, where
the writer dares not telfi any liberty with truth, ar.d wbwo..
there ai<- tew event! to forpu^e »nJ cir-ri^afe the i
it any but in: ferious and contemplative. Tire
frmtort «»f Rtmr, 0M reover, were the nutiotw/ teg rle
i I.'-tndon fcre merely in
>av»r ordinate to the Iritc. — Hrr.rc the hiliorr of J.on-
di*n u> chicHy employed in UH 19 Of a lower order,
tnjh ti*M» there: o;c let* WO" hi ol attention) Jtid imW.
e minute naitrculari than conftir with the
ufajech of mtfaftal hiflory. Mjiiv incident!, that were of a
catoil or l<ical nature, unavoid*|>!i appear in the form nf dc
fKrwd r . and fomcCimca interrupt the connection of
tnanm that have a natural dependence on rarli mhrr. For
iJonc* weie tfr.rrc no Other Calrfa i r diKlairri i
[menfiorn to it, eregynrc of cMion i? more than the Wrwi
A
Noorthouclt'j Ujflirj ef Uvtou.
of this hiftory can promifc: he will only pJead his en
to rrndcr the Work faithful and accurate/
Among other aftftancea, the Author acknowledges his obli-
cations to * two elaborate and valuable works; AnJerfon'i
Hiliory of Commerce f, and Hume'* Hiftory of England.
From the one he has derived the knowledge oi a variety of curi-
ous particular!, the ceculiar object* of his undertaking; from
the oilier, a clear ana ingenious dcdH&iou of tlic progrefs of
the English conftitution, down to its present frame.' Kapin,
'i in Jala continuation ot Rapin, Srnolkt, and the Annual Jtc-
S'ftcr, have all contributed their {hare*; and Uy the h<lp erf
cfc, and other materials, Mr. N. hti beca enabled to briog
hia hiftory of our fluurifiiing metropolis down to the dole o( the
year 1771.
With regard to the defahtlve part of the .uudciukSn^, Ik
Icllf us, in his preface, tr*-t * as he was born a citizen of Lon-
AraBj and has fpent the Ricatcft i*ut of his life in it, has Jeter ip-
tions of p-'icn and thing* may be fvppofcd Id Iwc b<cn 4fUfl
frosn actual knowledge)' jiJ thia, he u I 1 ' n matcriaUy
true, in moft intranets* though it cjnnot extend IO all cases.'
He ^knowledges that, c Ibr his own cafe, in fo multifarious su
undertaking, he ba nrty availed himiVJr of delineations
drawn up, and remarks made, by other hands / yet, as he wiuVt
iiul to dcOOUCa bimjjslf with borrowed plume*, he woulJ
have it remarked, that the frequent corrections and aJdifion*
which tbeic bo n crsptiona, ate reoaiircdi have in truth
given him an cxclutiv.- propsxty in almort every ttlidc of
kind which he baa adopted.
As to his copper- plates, which are fufficiently numerous, he
(iocs not boiltot their vA/a*-*, and of the great ma/l/rt by which
1 drawn and BOJ weo\ in the cant Oylr of book -
fclle:s and hackney editors] on the contrary, he only mention;
them in the following decent term*: * I he i.oppcr-pUles, U>v
he, will it «t hoped, te fo.md f efficiently cxprehVc to convey a
diftinct and agieeable idea of the objects rcpfcfcntcd. One or
two of them have indocd fallen uWt of whst the Auihoc ftad
a jull light to expect; but there arc fcvCial > that do
;.imea of the engraven: the general plan of the
villi ihe map of the countiv Irom thirty to forty
mjlei round, may be sffin n I fupefior, both in fi/e and opi-
fiofo contained in any other work/
We i rw proceed to give tone fpccimcns of the 1
ner in which Mr. N. hath executed both (h« ffr-
Jtriptrtc [.arts of his work i but as the l tide ia ■Iftssdj extended
to a famcient length, we mult defer the completion of it to a
futsirc ojsportu
laona
c
L hr
* ' ■ ao account rf this work, fee Rev. vol. zxi. p. 8t—
Art.
( 43 )
Atr4 VTTT- J4*m Ht***ytr* B'fiitp c/ Lujmu; tr tkt MaJUw of St.
B*rtk*i*ms*\tt ; a Dram :ainr>rnr in tVirrc A:u. Traof*
i from the French. 8vo. 1 1. 6d. Leacrofc. i
THI S Piece baa been attributed to M. Jc. Voltaire, and rt
hi* foene internal uaarki which may jufttfy the ..
In aii excellent preface, the Author *>ivcv ui the
Account nfbb lit-io, an.! II the Uiiic time, tnc Jloi \ of las Play.
* Jean Hennuycr vrjt born ac St Quia tin in ibedioccfedf
;, in 1497- Hcwasatthcu cge
ir, where he was bun i
was received doctor. After that he was choten :ut« la lei
of Bourbon, anJ Ovaries or' Lornm 1: < i-r
he waa doctor, he had been prccvptcr to umi,
Duk .■■.!o(iie, and after ivaidf kiny of Naval re; at ii.c
time he wa* appointed profciTor of divinity. It is n<.< p-e-
known in who* year be appeared at court ; but it u ecr-
, thit he was firft alrqoaer of Hei that ih ^ prince
i ni'cfib.** which b< 'he king's dcaih.
ifeeonfeffor of Catharine tie It may be
obtVrvcd, that the*y were not vulvar cofifcacncea h na-
aage. String: appointed bilh^ of Sodere in 1557. be ,,;' 1 I
poflri&i»ii or this bilhoprick, undoubtedly, becatllf he «aa
retained at couit. line afcer tbc death of the car ■■"«-
baut, biihr-p ol Lizieux, »n the nu?nth or June | II.
gave this Mffcoprick to Hen 11 oyer. — I: mi here, and 41 he time
of the mafiacrc of St. BarihoU mew, uhai he gave this example of
binnani:y, which aJonc rendered hia; immortal. The King's
rovince, cowing to coai mi 1 bin to*»
order be had received from (he court, to nuiUcic *Jl the Hugo-
nott or* I.i/ietix, Jean Hen n oyer oppofrd it, with treat nrrn-
ftefe, and declared his oppolrtion in foroij b* pC loaded ti.e
tat *« ife delay, he
I the Cal -is city anJ dioccfe. — i know thatp«.'>ple
havecodeavoured to deprive btin o\ il mg laved the
prouftanu; h l huloru ivi urn this ho-
nour. Atrocious and ancient crime*, which fn-Jiten ^e
imagination, are believed on much feebler pfoofa*. why i* it
then fo difficult to believe u\ aQton, winch u at bottom but
-:nc? As much apanegTrHiaa 1 am, I apprehend it pnfliblp,
that be may br admired too BUKh.— It has been j ^ucltion
1 this InuSop was a J Viu.inii.jn
or a Sor bom It? He *is a nun ; whicii cannot welt dc tad of
all hia cotcmrorar
After a ihort accourt of the death of this good prelate, and
making iomc Unking rcGoftons on varioua c ada - son,
:he Author concludes his preiacc in toe folio wmg ouxuva;
4+
Jen* Hrnnxj/r, a Dramatic BxStrtaitmfnt.
Jf I
il!c
were awe locjacmh in :hc hearts of thofe that (Kill
Itld the Mowing pceee, a few fparks of that perfecutinj; If
wh; s three-fourth oar:: of mankind , a wicked pru-
penfit)' which alwayi hi£rt itfelf under ^rcar names ; jt" i could
add Iffy thin^ 10 public or pcivare liberty* to the □ of
rhat natural right, To man ift illy tiulated Cumerhnrt hy far***, at
others by foptiifim equi !y cruel and ingenious | if I were hap-
py enough to wrcft fomc of the cruel weapon* from the hand*
of intolerance, whether religious civil, or ln« .uy, which all
fuppoit li ret each other | if a representation of all
thofe moral difortjerg, which overturn ail notions of oft tc and
cqvity, were capable of terrifving thofe who cannot dirtw^uifti
truth from error | and to (peak without a figure, if they, wt
alone cm acronpliCh the plaintive wiih or* hufvan.ty, would
lend her that ftienrth which nature lias denied hrr, and exfa-
winntc thole uiucafonaM- an4 in.p out opinions, which are a*
4cft' "fie puWi( l-li* itr as of their own; then, finding
st the : ki, the hrit perhaps of that nature, 1 would
applaud myfclf for having fiippOrtM OH the ftagc of life, :
: r of a man and an Author/
The foregoing paflVge is not well trerruaud ; put a «mi
• . nrl pufclie fpirit, will feel the excellence of
the Ttw I ranilutor fay> he is a foreigner.
.on, for not being able todojuftire in i
to this Play i f-ut it u not a fcond one for bawnj; undertaken ir.
He has, dou briefs, firnc Knowledge of the language;- ?
it tranlhte the plain and unoinamentcd performances of
fimae ol OUJ neighbour* into tolerable Lr.glifh: but a Drama ;
and of Volrair erably abov.* hi* icicB.
ptm is fimple, probable, and every
wa worthy :« nan of real geiriuf, wno does not itand in need
oJ miracle for his event?, or improbabilities to introduce ioci-
dent*. "•;' what the pjayon call fithdiiKts.
Affcftn* Ju ■!. ■ .i(!C ac Pans to the family of his
beloved wife, on the dreadful night of St Butholoincw. Tfce
.-.ens with Laura alone, pleadingly anx oug for her abfent
hullund. Her friend Sufrnna her) and their dialogue is
iruly feminine. OIJ Arfemn- U "nd hti chara'-
etir marked. Thctf CoJircrGiJbn i* im-:rruprcJ by Si
ihr brother of Laura, who had BOfUB fome way on rive road
to Pari* 10 meet Arfcnnc He had heard of ifnc miilacrc, and
iror he givra by endeavouring to rnrsrcal the (late a
mind, is happily imagined. But Menancvturt cocoes in and the
dreadful reporr i.-. icltied. Vw: general cficft of il on tiic
company it fuch a« might be expected ; but we are furprnwd by
the iiuru'u'iiy cf the oM ni. :), who pcrfifls in rejecting the
flory, beeaufc he cannot find, from hij own heart, that u is
7«nr Htxmytry a Dramatic £a£f rftrtarnraf.
<S
pofitle for nature to be fo wicked. This arTurds a
Bwmcucjry comfort to Laura, wfeo reared the worft for her
Kufband and friend* : if it, however, hue of fb^rt duration » and
fcer fears and apprebendoas prevail.
Whtle the whole tami * w in th >n and the Re;
prrfvrxded that involved in the grneia! matTscrr,
l*vef*l ptotettant* art fuc to be a: the drer : they open it fix) -
drnly and Ihout altogether » thtw gtl ftul ol the way* and make
ne. 1 his t* % Jkittm in e-d. Modi of owr
play-wrights may violate nature, and produce affected Harts and
el ; we were stiWy agnaft at tkc bare reading of Arfenne'i
ince in disorder, ruihm- for v. en. bracing bis
anJ Evcraed »nd locked up nlmolt fpr I - the arms
iiwifc. When the i; ort* arc over, this whole (cei
ty mot tut,: Arfeoric covered with blood* and relating the
mocking murders he bad Teen: particularly of hit wife's rela-
, urioai he had In rain defended. Ctcvard enters, and
other protettar.tc; wiin the add:tl<Mia1 horrid lattheir
friend ■ at Li&icux wtic to be mafliCred. :hc» are dif-
tra&ed with grirtf and apprrheufton. and meditating various
expedients, the old man advifcs them to Sy to the bilbop a
palace ( and fuggefts fome hopes from the prelate'* good
racier. Arfcnnc junior refutes, for lomc time, to /illcn to this
advicei and proposer, rather, to pui Hei licathjj* the
tpal agent of an infernal relic »>n. i rovaile,
aad the protcftant* revive to fir • o the bi:!
!lf. Scene itr, thebifiiop's >■. Jean Hennuycr,
. rtb his right band k, jjic ci hli race
with etc other; ih?n Hti it up to heaven, a; he is beginning (•
fptak- A great crofj fct above the deft —
* Orear God!— and air N rhw the pattern,
Aon gaveft them in dying on the cecal ? , . . ■ hpev ear
/«//) Accept, O Lord, tin." biueratri with *Meh my tout is
■ '. J oafcr ihee my tears foi moo. Tbs reft
ol my lift: will be nothing hut grict. (iir rsrxsj'm f\nr.-iitm
ma fwr, o»4 efttt Agassi Ar
■ ' ' O Super*
iff?:, when wi]e rhoj ceife profaning
soy I ion? — On the cue fide 1 beheld the tinbcslcm,
thr other,— thr smblllotH ImpoOoT, wro fine
. the weak Bd then cHCrm them io muruci ■ —
O tur'tMrcu* -rveoge irtducrd you f< thvri the b'urnl of
your brethren, wlur need was there co cover vour wicked ae-
tert.-- I
Mtrort, why »r* yne not i virtue above your people?
Yr» ir», and tec
.>pj#f tout fcci- - O W\«-
— / 'a . */ vfhvin O'oJ lus a
46 Marriott'/ Jtfvit \ an JiLgsrite! Pum.
<\ ! What name will you leave on the earth? What
will you hold among puflciity? I iicmblc already to think
the pumfhment relerved for you. — Katner of mankind! Father
of mercy' fouc them not in this world; let thca> be made a
fearful example or* thv juitiec j but vouchsafe to preferve them
ironi cverlaltinj punilhmcni in the o:hcr.'
The Author thus lets us at once into the character of the
excellent prelate. His convcrfation with the I curiam and
with the pmtcflanrs; hi* niumrr of prutccliug the officer from
the furious attempt of Arfcnnc ; his formal and Ipirited xefulal
to give up trie protcOanti, and ihc c tic els of his humanity on
their ililpilVjoni, arc all drawn, in the original, by the hand of
a maflci ; they have fullered greatly by the Copy til* but they
will arTord cnurtainment to the Reader!
Wc hare all ft! I Jcrcd this little piece as written by
Voltaire, and we deem it in atonement for fome of hi* late
transitions. Strong lights muft have ft rung fhades. Mr. de
Voltaire ha* great dcfecT* ; hut pefhaps there never was a
FrwiCBH un who has done his ountry more lev vice by his writ-
ings. Mis fancy has futsictimcs run away wi:li It in , and he
faa* defcrted crtilh on fome important oceaiions, but in ccncraJ he
Rood Out tiic full and ablcfi fiicnd of jufiicc, morality, and
public liberty. He has read loch Icllbm to potentates and
pricfts as they could have had from no other man; and it is
rot poflfihle to rllimare ihe mifchicf* he hat prevented. We
bate for I urns time been mortified a; the farce he played to avoid
the perfections of bi.rotry ; but wc now forgive him; and are
ready to think the itania&ion jufijfitd by its conlequcncca.
Wt mean not thia as the teaft encouragement to infinceruy.
Kxtraordmary cafes may furuilb exceptions to general rules.
A ci)nimon authot wutiM tkfcivc puiiifhincni for the liberties
which have been taken by Vokaiic; and a common man would
lu»e been infamous through life for fome of his actions ; bat ic
was not in the power of a cr-mmoti man, after any faux ««w#
to write an Untried*', tTrtatij* an Ttkrotient or a jtan Utn~
•nwT.
A*7.IX. Yh JtfiaH y a. J*Airs*iJCl*r*£b%
mi etirrar/tJ after tbt £*uxtjUe of aa.sett Sar/j mad Miijreii. B
lie Author. Mr. Marriott. 410. t •,. d. Letcroft.
'WJ K have had occafion, more than once, to fprafe fa-
VV vourablvof Mr. Man. at: as a divine, and author of
fome religious difcourlcs ; and wc ihruild btVC been glad to
have given him our war me it approbation 41 a po-t. We re Oily
1.1 11 far his good intentions, and arc inclined to think
well of him as a man : but of all the poets whole works have
tea tome under oar mfpeiibu, wc iccollctt non.
vaitioa
!
Ma/rioti*; Jtfiti* ; en diltgtriul ?«*."
4/
vertticei u more extravagant, or who ha* cluftercJ together 4
greater number of ur mining and pompom cxprcfiuns. He
poinct out the defiga of hii prefent perIormar.ee in the fcllavr-
. l I fh»ll think myfclf happy if my humble labours
, in any degree, :o give a timely check to the
growth of Popiftj funcrlKtion, at a teafon when it feems 1
ready to drop t: ;ind threaten*, a* fome diflanc period,
the dcilrucliori of fhsnt cfUblilhment ; at a fesfoa
when many of noir countrymen feem to have forgot the ineffa-
ble priee of innocent blood, which purchaicJ the freedom of
rte reformation, anJ alinull willing to be peifuaded that the
cockatrice hs« loft its venom.'
Our Auihor'i zeal a^ainft Popery may, in the genera] iJea,
lever . but we think hi* fetrt of it, at this juncture,
fca»c link foundation. The caufe of fupcrfuion is, in this
rjr, a dying ceie, and all our danger is from other quarters.
Popery will never be rc-cnaiblifhcd in England. It will never
gatn ground among us, unlets certain meafero, which have
hero reccmmcndcd for trw UirpicJIignof it, fhould be adopted.
Tnrre may be a plan of ticfputili:i ; but Jt » not an eccltufl
cal one. ion-.e pricib may be toots in it, and they will be re-
war ki tools.
IVe flull not be miflaken by our Readers as favouring the
principle* cf Popery. We abhor them from our fouls : but
we think the clamour lately mae'e shoot them, (o much labour
d that the real and talents of our patriot* would be
better employed in concern* of a rroee weighty and important
nature. But to return to our Author.
The fsrtl parr of his performance i* iatirl-dthc Birth-night s
but we think, like the rirrt volume of '1 nit ram Jihanuy, it is
employee ntliiKit an The fol-
ng we fuppofe to be the leeiie of this uanfadion :
by <idc,
>gy tor* with 1
By eartao,oaia ixhc.-'» Jtonc*
ic £ood ir unc.
Thrir .iiade
iivtuixt, of rock a (olid parccnertc Ij d.
Uai**d before, xt.d eref ..uctj .
tint once pcsmkccd oy dcc-cc from Cc^.
Iktwiai urciocksi t> auoa bet hrifhlcftray
I
' n£ !'£*'■ - reHcftton made ;
Beyond, UgSx rtaoier, and a darker Oiadc|
Solcinu bcyotic* defcriptioa or" tar s*ee ;
Solent* a» nigat, moot . . i!!r.w den
■t A*|w ike ten nj queen of nigbc
:h cSc fitadci the light.
•C HO-I tfeV-
jWww ** ygM t«y> *y» m^kilbm Mm
JWWfcJhfikfa *& ?*JM« 'fV SB*'- ,
Mifcr^ie a* &i«.£tari»i#, if ja.oae of the belt ip the poem*
Tiws A"? w4. QfcWuftj am generally foch as the following :
AIR.
O'er Trsdrv ImIIimpM tomb '
AH Nature /hoald figh.
In deep and plaintive gloom : '
Virtue and joy with her mufl die 5
But ghollly impoHon profane.
Poflefi'd with dominion4! dark loft.
For Truth prepare
■The pit, the Aire,
And rattling chain ;
Then see, with fmiles, the beauteous vi&lm {lain.
And trinmph o'er her daft.
C H 6 R U &
Lither* j fad fulltn gbift w*s nutepimg there •
WiMfft and Or urn dropped m gtntrnmt tear ; S: y '
While t* the Ivwtjt darie/f dteps of bell ' ,
?WwA^i tMgfd k**dt*te8 m Jkmral W
ToTrvtir'r imtermnrt; mmd&tU'ttutcawrmf -
"- This is a downright tale, and fit only for old women' in £
<Hk»wFy corner; and yet fueh are our Author *a Chonifletf
The mufic of Mr. Arnold, and the voice of Mrs.WefcMtt"
*awW -hare* ly keep us grave at the pubiic rehearfal.
The fecond part he calls the Pr*cfffitn9 and be conjure*^,
fpiritt to inarch in it. Here conies one 0/ them : '■ V
"C ' "NeXt Falfehood came : a foe to learning's page1, ' vSf '
Born m a Wind, and a believing age. ' '
*= la ekber band ihe held a folio book,
AH gilded o'er* and gaudy to the look.' * ' " * ■ *~\
The one, though fill'd with many a labour'd note . '
._ On fcriptore text, by graved fathers wrote, " in ITT*
ServM oaJy «• difgnife the facred pagr,-' '-• ■ If
Confirm the fcepne, and confound the fage. "■ • . "trig
The other book was fluff M with wild rojmanoe, ' .*4»
Wfcere lawlefr fittion whcel'd its wanton dance; -,.>: tlj^
Tales. of fainti, pilgrims, virgins knignu/anifg^irea -^
Regions (4/emlni/ig ict and frtmietg 'ff$f.
Monks, -falamurfderj, fta??, cits, monkeys, hogs", J^
- Martyrs, popes, badgers, kings, cocln/bults, and frogl,1"**
Bafcaant, -Owh, prelates, emperors, end dogSi ■ *y*
"vvVKave* hearer reito any thing better calculated to tk$fc
txdjyrfrlz* than the foregoing dc&ripfcion I * # ™
■Idfm m Btattui Katurt *n4 Iittmutabifitj cf Truth. 49
The third pare >t really nnd truly the B-rth p and it 15 msn-
Jk*m \a%*Utrf*l \ for thr roc It -bo/e dclcribcJ ra biougtil to-bed
*i the Jcfuit. — But feeing il btlievtag :
■ a difmal prrBn
Burft frean benr*:* 1 and io J thr labouring float
;d— a hernd e&afm ! whence in rami off fire,
tV»»iaf« tike Samifif Uu(Ji. with fu'ji!iuf tire*
lifurd ahu^d-.nt. Now each liner'a face,
\Tidl rjcpt'CUiton !■■ ■ rntoembr
•inc tfrar.ger ; when a moclisr rule
So hnjcou'., nit the fillers »* iktxt fa
Sp«i"fc. jj preoar'd to rake (heir foddc
U'l: 1 ;ht.
■ beheld herfeif (6 plain,
LmIum Ihe lUrted, Itartinsr Io ilrd ipAL
Bat taxing long the lhapc familiar £iew j
'I lie d tic it, twider. near the noofcl drdr.
Al lrn£tti :hrr j>Uv ; -ithetK part.
And sifcrv liiicr preft'd ilia* nex: her he ait.
CHORUS.
to the CI.
The fou r , tbe fi?th the B^:ijM\ tbe
fati rJac CfatffMffi and tix fcvctiW Lbe A).™/**.
We are really I : Mr. Marriott i* capable nf vril
and publicly reading, i'jch 111 incoherent and bloated rhapfoiy
a* the poem b . and we tupc he will, lor the fiitue,
coo&et himirlf to the du:i« of h»3 pi ofclBon, for which hn ge-
bui and Audi: t xcm to have bccier ^u;ihncd him.
■ - —
Aft'. X. Ttt FJ£*/ ■■ rb YaVar* n*J rVwMM/v/.^ ^ TV*/*, r* O,/.*-
jfr«» /# Uf&i'trj *mJ Sctftttifm, fy 'fm.net B/>-hir% I. L. O. iff,
VTah fcxnc Remarks tin I'lietcrafc, Subfcriptiont, ar :ii-
neui. Jn a Letter to a Fiend. Br a I'rofelfif of M^r.il Pnilo-
feffcj ia ta« CvU'.ge or Common SeaCe. Vvo. it. cd. Richard-
Wk. have carefully perufed this eruioue on JJf, BfJtttYt
work, #ud aie at a lofi lo fay, whether the Author's
fnari|-ial uttilety •% levelled agjinft thr bj/ityor igiinll Omfli-
e+sfv, lie fc<an to br n . gji *t iiKiid to either ; and fva <x*»
■•M of Dr. il 11 or I 1 introduction to a more general
k on the clcrxi* acJ im .l:u:lv on reii/iop itfclf.
mci.od of «n *croaminn Chritlianiry m far from bring
kbr. 0«- A'jrbot trends in the llrp« of thole vcte-
. mMnft wfcofr tuinea and worki are adT^neinj toge-
ther, wiia «*p--J profettis, c?ward tbe dark and (Uent cor-rtt\c»
•rrhi t
50 Oiticifm en juW/rVf Nature a.iJ Immutability of 7 'ruth.
Objections, arifm; from tbc perfecuting principles, or profli-
gate manners of the c-ci^y j from the difference* that have
Tailed in the Chriltian world, or the inc&cacyof the moral teach-
ing* of the gofpel,— have been often urged and often anfwered.
what connection mere could be* in our Author's imagination,
between Dr. BitttU and ilie elcr^y, in general; or why he fhould
be provoked by the Profcllbr of JmhntO attack the whole body
of pricfts and proiciI>r$ in the Ctirilli m church, fectm fomewhat
myfterious: to make reprisals in this way, wai furely unfair and
ungenerous; mure ripccully, a-* Dr. B. himfclf is not of tbc
fa*trdo:el trtUr. Don the vindication of ft//a>Y, or Hum%
infer a necciTuy of reviling the clcigy in general? Or, docs
it difcover a liberal fpirit to declatc war agamit the whole order,
becaufc fomc have counteracted their principle*, and profaned
their character and piofcAon ?
Is Uicrc no way of Jeltcning the credit, or weakening the
evidence of Ctirilu'inity, tut by demolifliing pricfti of every «Je-
nomination? This indeed hai been the full and lafi argument
of tbc advocates of infidelity; kit we were in hopes, that, in
this period of advanced knowledge and candour, perfonal Bal-
Jciy anil abufc would not have found a Angle patron. No man
fhoutd be reproached on account of his proteiHon, except a poor,
fcribbling Reviewer. He is fair £»mc, and whoever picafes to
tiakc the irnuir.r,may laih him without pity.
We (Retiuuurs) arc ai Jittlc fritndd to piicllcraft as our
Autiior. Huw often have wc poured down peal-, of thunder,
from our aerial height*, on the heads of ambitious and lordly
Wc have had repeated occifiun- i I ftl -irtingour
proicd i gaj nil every kind of piieltly policy and ufurption : and
wc have net been afraiJ of Acppuig a little ouc ot our way to
chaftife bigotry, and to pluck a leather or two out of the wing*
of fearing pric(b, U whatever church or denomination. And
what ha% bctn the confequence of this irjrepid and mwdy ooo-
ciuil? Wbyl wc have been called htrttku Jaffa* hrJHtk% and
nobody knows bow many hard namrt hrtidc. Hut the reputa-
tion of a Rtviawr waa of little conlcqucnce. We hugged oar-
fclvc* invar lectin y , and were thankful, that our fttuacon wtf
railed .-.love the reach of wicked calumny. Our paituxis were
not alarmed uur did we think of rrmkr/nt txMfir ei/U, or raiiiiti
fir rating. We could 4UI1 dirtingu-it'h, though we have often
had great caufc for being tQgJ y, between implicit faith in the
power or fanclity of the prieil, and a rational alien* to the
truth of ChriJiiamty, Were there not a Angle ftitj! in the
wurld (and any man might he a jttftic in determining, urhe-
tber the world would be the worfc for it} who either believed
its evidence or difplaycd as.efficacy and amiablcnels in his £«•€-*
rai
i
'fit w Bt*ltj/j N*t*n <?W lumut&hiiity*/ Truth. 51
r*J temper and conduct, Ch'iU-.nty nu^he frjll be co Jcf> true
or Iri* important
00 r brtfhtr r/treuvr take il ' , ihat
Dr. Statue (who it no clergyman) i! i. fafu-
, chough levere correction to Tome of Aw fnort admired f/ienc*i?
Wbjr ftiould he come forth in the bhtcmefs *>f hit wtath and
vow vengeance (m rel
'a done to protoKe hW fury ? Every candid Re
»;!! be of opinion, that he has pro ngeniou*.
PfUcITor with too much pi ice am! vtolefie?? and mada
ible, to an cxtra.va'ianr degree, for the fmtirnc
and ccQdo&of men, who may lbnd or h)t without iffeftir* the
p:m; . k.
H'c heirri y approve many of our Author's fcn'impn:
. leparate from rimate den thai
aipcr ithey arc t -o often dLM
Dr. B., oui Author more fit
declamation than reafonin^: and it feeetvj to 1 no frriall
concern, that the lower cTarTca of fniftWnd, will be p
from the M*J} hv the do tbr'« warm
to rj . renter, Dr. B
-ante with 1
loo great fevcity. Ihcfc arc fome "f th*- 1
\Vc will not undertake to '■ * •
Irfpvte, but ;i leave to fav, t'n;
cole} his . joth ;■- Ij'ccis fTonPVwtt ! ■>
Our AtuhorV ul aeucfc is dir 1 !
of (he Effay, in which Dr. B. obfetves, that *
earned, that we inuft believe rn bo rr . .
iwcrfil nature, th fit which iriniitsattd t
lug*<flions of our own
itu the Daly who mak^ then ih ^rcr>rc tv
..cy. Bur we l.
to be falhciouj, with* ;
acknowledge a tjod, with.* it the mort r«'-:
mibta fuppcfttian it is implied, t
dece.rer-'
This appears 10 ut, guardedly ' wfert-
U«Jt ou locff
i^ his treasures n general, iinr them ro
the thin!; poft!:cn era fcttfe, wh-eh the
• of Btfhltfk i.;.p ithcfis mai
a«» allowable ipevitt. We can by nc
■
tth<r ; fV B • i Br'ktity
Rcailcrfl w\ii umN an
5 roi/e* lb tortr iarfsficfirw, a/td vrh-ch iou»i<3acA\Y 00-
t a vUtNA
i '
I Tl
5* Ctitici/mon Btattut NaJurt end Imrautahility o/Tnttl.
viauescvciy fufpicionof *bjs kind, in the Monthly Review for
O&. 1770. p. aUt, wheic Dr. H is fpcitlng of thofe fcrptus,
in particular, who may be (uppofed to publifh their tenets from
vanity, or intcrelt, without believing them i and whom he *d-
drclks, in the tcqucl, by the appellation of ' traitors to human
kind and rnuidriei\of the human foul :" — an exptciTion which wc
will not undertake to vindicate. Of thc(chcfaYi,, they Jo not foie-
fec ifac conferences 01 I heir tkchincs. Bcitley mufl certainly
did nor. But ba*<tty diJ not attack the icliyon of his country',
did not f<ck to undermine the Inundation* of virtue, did not
preach or recommend j'.hcifai. He erred; and who is free from
error i But nil intention- were incpioacbablc i »od tits conduct,
ax a man, and a Christian, did boflOurtQ buroan nature.'
Dr. B. has obferved, ' that all reafoning terminate* in fiift
piimiulcs, that alt evidence ia ultimately intuitive, and "tiuu
ttmmttjhtftt (which he afterwards defines and explains) \s thi
llandardof truth in man,' Tins is the general petition, which
emr Author viqorouily attacks ; and he endeavour* to flicw that
there can be no fuch cimman yr.v/<», with icfpccl cither to fpccula-
live or moral truths, becaufe men, in every age and country,
hate differed very widely from one another, and feent to admit
no principle in common. And in his judgment, this faculty
<f IHIWI jfiifi|Tr by which wc arc ultimately to be determined,
militate* againft the notion of the liber Ly and morality of actions,
and amply vin Juatta the moll erroneous from the charge cither
of ethtifm r.r curftarxt impiety, lie charges Dt B. with demon*
Anting that a man 4 is nccelTarily determined to believe fome
propoltticiii to be folic, and others to be true, fpBic practices 10
be right, and others to be wrong, according to the law
lutuic. An AiiatijSocinian, Antinomi r, a Jew,
and a man of any other fcift, can offer a* found arguments for
their errors, in Unhand practice, as the ultimate ojic which this
Author hascftahliftied ; I mean the plea of conference/
Hut we would a(k this Writer, Da men ever leafon wron*,
through thr ufluniccoffonic criminal [rcjuJi Di paftlon, from
principles luixiaincntally right.1 In mathematics or in morals,
men may bcagrecd a* to the primary axiom* or maxim*, and yet,
through want cd proper attention cr intej dsicc very dif-
ferent conclunoiia. it is indeed LcliJc our province to adjuf
cont roves
In another place he cbfcrvcs, that 'while Dr. B- aflerts the
immutability of t: freedom of the will, and rtw virtue
»d vice are ciicntiaiiy c-iriercnt, he ha? unwarily cfiablifhcj, as
an immutable, uncamiuveruule truth, that every rrran'i con.
Mautional reelioct, or confcicnce, whether rightly or nrongly
insuiincd, is, to him, the trft of natural and moral truth, and of
v/iue tad iicc. Hence i: Appear*) that every man is dcter-
y mwrcd
Cfiticifm tnBtsttir's Nat*r* and JmvmtaUrity $f Tnttb. <j
alncd by fuffgeftiona of bit understanding, or rea&n, even when
be boafta ©(having captivated reafon to filth. Afk a papiil,
why he believes in the real prefence, contrary to the teitimony
of bis ietilcs, be wili anivrcr, it were unreasonable to credit the
trfiirnony of bis fenfes in that cafe j Chrift, f~.iy* lie, (aid "This
is rov body," and •« I ought to credit the word* 01 Chnft before
asy faJLlbJc fenfes; an.l this motive appears ro him highly n-
mmuI I"- — wtth much more to the fame purpofe. Our Readers
still pcrceiae at lead a faming contradiction in the above para-
graph.
Cur Author f«rm to be difplcafcd with Dr. BY* t&hpum on
tbe CsoTpel ; v.e fjjt, •• Tbete is not * book on earth
so favourable to all thckind% and 2II the fublimc afTcclioDS, or
Iunlriendly to hjtreti and pcrfcewtion, to tyranny, injuftice,
v foit of malevolence, a* that very gOfptt, a^aiolt which
r freptics entertain fuch a rancorous antipathy,1*
A ri^id papift, our Author remarks, will fay the fame ; but
(ocas* lay* he, thai ■ Chxiftiaw in general Cut mure than ana
'ju(iiu.\ years, who firmly believed the divine authority of the
gofpei alio vcr:!y btl'rved that it was right, and ci*n com-
manded Tient, thar the civil roa£iflr*re (boM
pauutb thofc who denied the authority of the pope, [llited not
only Chf ift's vicegerent, hut Jrrvut jtrvtrirm Dii,) the ieaJ pre-
tence of Ch nit in the faerament, or anr article of the cfhbJilhcd
farth, at well at robber) awl murderer*, who u-.-r-r deemed lets
criminal of the ivyo, as they did but take away a man's prop
aad animal life, whereas heretics, who published doctrines lub-
vtrfi.c of the ptst* cf tht c&urcb, and the holy tar+'olic ftitb^ were
deemed *4 pw&rtn cf /tuft " and as the Chriftian magiftnnc,
wbo ia injoincd to pu.iilh fed'tiom pcrfoii*. afflicts the bodies of
Jamie- breakers, robbcra, and dillurbcrc r.f the peace, it ia to be
Uppofcd that he can difcharge that duty, and yet potfeft the
fM/rtf afffdwrt, and lect no malevolence a^aniit the unhappy
1 , fays the pa pi ft, the Chrillian m*giftrate may
exercise wholcfomc frventicr upon heretic*, imfrifin and j&urgt
rHerr £&ui tftbeir fiubi the ghry of Gcd% unA pence sf.tkt
tb*nl9 and tf they j»'ovc refractory, and will not recant thru
u from the focicty of the faithful 00 cano*
t*<l no emotions tnconfiftent with the frirmth fubimt
■;h the ^ofpcl infpucs, but an affc&ionandfynipaihy
: «, when he does not for* r/v x^d^hji b* Jl+wd
Jchu ,/*i ibil/i. With fiach arguments as thefe a fcfuit f«ti<fics
hi own ronfeicnee, and think* heou£ir<<nf>ml) "Hit people's.'
this whole paragraph is not intended as an -ifclnjue reflee-
tsanoc tbegofpel, it A nothing to the purpofc for which a is
feecc wiUvduccJ.
54 Crititi/m en Seattle's Nature and Immutability cf Truth,
In another p!ace» indeed, toe thus qualifies his zeal: «. I. da
not df that Cmjfiianity is chargeable with any evil), but m
number of its .rnuft zealous proiefibrs have been ju{Hy> charged
with every evil, or vice, of which human nature is capable, ex-
cept i; bt fceptuifm and infidelity** But, in the next paragraph,
after a quotation from Dr. Beatti/i EJ/ay, in praife of the Chril-
tian religion, as fuppjyipg the only effectual means of fuppref-
{ing. thefe paffions* (i. e. fupeiAition, &c.) he afks, * Is it not
ftrahge , t^en, that, for more than one thoufand years, all thofe,
who devoted themfelves, with the greateft affiduity to the ftudy
of it, weie (be greateft bigots, and the moil fuperftiticufly at-
tached to the errors of the church of Rome ? How many well-
yUfpofcd people have been fequcftered in a monaftery, where
they failed and prayed till they were reduced to fketetons, lay
in flirts made of hair-cloth, whipt themfelves at ftated times,
ar.ii thought that they could not pleafe God better than by*
afHielipg themfelves ? And reputed heretics, of whom I could
give you a long lift, were not, in general, more fuperftitious,
(hough Jcfs wicked, than the orthodox V
Our Author, after paying fomc extravagant compliments to
the genius and writings of his favourite, Voltaire* concludes his
examination of Dr. B. with this paflage : * Mr. Hutnfi philofo-
phy of the human mind is, in Dr. Beat tie' t opinion, obfeure and
fallacious ; his own, he tells us, is eafy, clear, and obvious to
** common -fenfe i" * every man, therefore, that cannot perceive
jt#1 or prefumes to controvert it, will not, perhaps, he allowed to
have,cqmmon fenfe; the impartial public, however, arc too
'wife to fee impoted upon by any mere pnfejfir, nor will adopt
w/hat he. has advanced, en his mere ipjt duo. The univerfities
are no longer thought to be the.fources of pure unmixed truth :
jnufh learning has made fome people mad, as well as much
liquor; but few wife men have efcaped from colleges unintoxi-
cated by fumes of vanity : and affeclation of fu peri or knowledge
diftinguifbes them as much from the reft of mankind, as the
beau from the real gentleman." — Good God ! arc the univer-
jitsva converted into fo many nurferics of frte-tbinker$ and ftep-
t'usl The character our Author has. drawn exactly fuits * finijbed
fceptic. We have often been alarmed with diftant reports of
this kind y yet flattered ourfelves that they were not true. • But
if our Author's intelligence maybe depended upon* the facias
unqueflwoable. " I mean no illiberal reflection on Dr. Beaftir%
he hasevjneed lefs of the pride of learning than many tof the
literati, who have fallicd forth, like Don Quixote, to combat
wind-mills, and ftorm cafiles in the air." • ' j
Our Author next proceeds to make ' a few obfervations oh
eftublifljmcnts, and on pried?, who are fuppo(rtedBto..(vppc*rt
them.' He has ukeo particular offence at the exprcflion which
has
b m Tirutti/i N&m end ImmtitslUity tf Truth. je
has been fomctime* very improperly ufed, of vi/utirfffAg f*WV
W. * This define (he fays) InfufW kin (he minds of
princes by the clergy, baa been chc banc of peace and virtue. In
etery age of the world. Excepting the dotflrine, whirh the
lerpcr.t preached to Eve in paradile, and ihat of " fatfitfe tSf
■Snarr" sjnd •* rnvt+refylcnce" preached up by Sar&mrH, one ei
his defcendantt in the lift century, I know of none propagated
among n i tat fiat produced more dreadful and inhuman
effecla tixan (he do&rinc in queftiort : Hovr many mteifinc
bfoils> ittfurrcclionii ;cbcUioji$, wufades, and foreign wars, as
welJ as mill'jcres, has this doctrine fomented in tnc wn Id ? for
feme thousand yc.i:>, Ims ic aoi filled every corner ol the earth
with violence and Mood t Men ruic cut one another** throat i,
torn infant from the womb? of their pa-crtw, bmiled one ano-
iher on gridirons, driven devoted victim;, by troop*, dowo pre-
cipices, Jiid have iflVCtttd etWV fpCCkl of torftWe for one ano-
ther, , to vtKjfi, .. id m fiii'; hti
ky Uw tfistiijhfti. I he late ruptures in f'olan*, which, fot I'ctc—
lal years lias been an Acddama, nrc a recent inftincc of thervN
of /iityirrN?***, .. ' ttntt9 and of tfttai*
htu/tn the ihxrsh aad litjluti^ or ihe cil il and ecclrfi jftf*
power. From the craft, nypocrify, dominion, and trraMfr
ptiefts, y.ood Lord, ccv. t !'
But we mult nor puifne our Author's declamatory inveRu-es
iy farther, wc fhall conclude with only one other quotation
from the clnfe of his Pamphlet : Dr. Beattfe afks •• what good
etfccls chb (ccpticifm if likely EO produce } It humbles; we arc
told, the pride of underftandinr." — * If that be granted, replies
©•f Author, it is certainly of fome lervrce ; for the pride of fane
i*» uradeiftandings (I rneeri ■»•> rcfle&ion on Dr. Bealtre) i«
^reat, tha* they talk a< if uScy though*! ttft iffdtM incapable Of"
ror, and, were it pofiible, would, perhaps,
on God's hand rhr fcahirc and the rod,
Ke jsdge fcttjilttice, be the Uod of GoaV
41 Allowing fccpticifin to be a g'Ott e. 1, J Jr. &at:u'i rfaeAton
aaoc Mifwer ; but he mipht bare aflffd me many o:he*r
ifttcfiions, which neither I nor any other mortal en
. ..at good crVcc;* are produced lay the ngon
iMg ps>as wiiiclt children fed m • ths firii month ol iMfetf*
silt 1 1 BatiucnaMi iddcr, mk
. *in ; b,' the ni . >: luruuiett avjfctt
fancunie* utter the moit «;» fc-tions a(nMptkfth>ir
XI »*.- bythopaim, u iei>o.fcre ii«h
ca?a aic of fin , but • . ■; o; my nat-jrc dcteroutic* me to
'• TWy truth ibm«whtri, -» o.e m ,
Tisli^i.
f- I
bxdj R*fi r$ Ltticrt.
The Author candidly takes leave of Dr. B. with icknowlcdg-
ir.jj, thjt though he think* the Doctor ii inconfiftertt with
fell, in fcvcixl parts of bil elTay* and hat even advanced j>oljtio»»
%% dangerous a* any in Hobbes. Hume, Mandcville, kc. Yet
(our Examine* addt) * he hai uttered many Icmimeiits worthy of
the pSilokrphej. the citizen, and the lover of truth. His few
•fpetitiei 1 confide* as inadvertencies j and I give him credit for
a large ftiaie of philanthropy arid rood fenfe.'— Thb b decent
and handfomc; and we fhould be glad to fee eiery controvrrfi.il
writer following, in this rcfpeel, at Jcaft* the example of Dr.
lieattiVs anonymous antagonilL
Akt. XI. Ur/erj tf Ladj Btcbti A . . ! "in the MaouCcript in the
Library cf Vkouurn Abbey. To which it prefixed, BO batradaCr
tion, vindicating the ChararVr of Lord RuflVl againfl Sir John
Da'.rymple, Arc. 4 to. Si. Board*. Dilly. •;?>.
ry* H i S Work coold not have appeared at a more feafonab't
J^ ii':x than the prefent. in wbjch the e\e» of the public
have t-ccn fo much turned toward the great and good Lord
RuBcl, that whatever relate* to him, or to thefc who wciq
marly corme£lcd with him, will excite almr.ft univerfal aiuii-
lion.
The rnllcAlon before us would, indeed, have been more in-
(creating had it bc«n moie ex unlive, and included the paprr*
of the Bedford family in general. It mull, howcvci, .ifloid a
conliderable entertainment, to perufc the Ictict* of Lord Wil-
li.) 1 RulTcl's lady, and cfpccially* as the lady was hcikil 4
worran of the mtift <lilt m^uifbcd merit.
If the Reader expect. » to meet heic with many anecdotes, or
with much historical information, he will be liifippointed.
)e few incidents cccur, and fomc farther light is thiown »_n
the conduct of fevrral eminent pt/fons: Kut ihei bicf value of ths
coll'.- i': 1 he linking exhibition it gives of l.idy K«ich<Ts
eh.irai^er, which was not only an excellent, but an untim mi D
one. V\ e lee in her the molt arTcciionate and tender regard 10
Tfrnoiy of her noble hufband, ami the raofl exqu iic. un?
conquers' *e, and almoit unabating grief for the loi* cf him*
cd wiih an highly exalted piity, a profctlfld iubniiliinn to
the Divine will, and a wifdom and fortitude a ^cr
10 en an 1* m a piepricty and dignity of bcba«ioui in every
greater part of ihe letters now publifhed were written
by Lady RuflVI, to Dr. Fitfcwiliisrn, a pious clergyman, who
r trnmaie fiend, and who had been 1 to her
father, tlic r-il of Southampton. A tonfidcuWc nuaibcr ^ic
addrtftd to 1 (her ptriom, moft of whom were either of high
unfc or ixtrauidmart merit. There arc, likewife, icvual valu-
able
Lady RvgtkTs Lttms. 57
able letters to her bdyihip> patticvitrly tbofe from Tillotibo.
and Barrwt.
We (ball tranferibe the Utter which (he fent to Charles the
Second, a few days after her lord's cxccutiorS, though it has
already been ptblifhcd in the BtogTsphia ! a. It relates
to the piper which Lord Rtif.e! delivered, at hia execution, into
ike hand* of the fberirTf* and which had been1 confidently faid
poc co be hiiown, bat drawn up by Dr. Bumct.
May it f( a > put M.vtjfy,
* I hi«i rny hulharsd'* enemies arc notappeafed with his blood,
but ftill rontinje to mifrcprefenc him to your Mareirr. "Tt* x
great addition to my forrows, to hear yew Maiefty is prevailed
open to believe, that the piper hi; delivered to trtc Shcritre at
hii death was not his o mi I can truly far, and am ready in
the folrnancll mannci to aitcft, that (during his own LiQptUotH
oaeot • J I often Mud him difcourfe the chiefrft rtiatterc t
per, in the fame opreificns lc therein ufcv aa
fome of thoie lew reUtfoBfl that were admitted to him, can like-
wife arc jr. And furc 'til %n argument of no great force, that
f here H a phrafr or two in ir ;:n , whrn nothing ik more
common then to take up f*jch words we like, or are accuftomed
to in our convcrfation. I hc^ leave further to avow to your
Majetty, that al that is fct down in the paper read to your Ma-
jrfty on Sunday n>ghi, to be fpnken in my prrfence, is e*:aiftly
tn*;t ** 1 doubt not but the reft of the paper is, which wi*
written at my requctl ; and the author of it in a! hii corner fa -
ti«n with my hulbar.d, that I wat privy to, (bowed himielfe a
loyal fobbed to your Manfty, a faithful friend Co him, and a
meal tender and confeiencrous rninSftftr ro his fojle. 1 do thcrc-
forc humbly beg your Majefty would be fo chiritablc to be'toe,
he who in al his life wis obferved to aft with the greaceft
eleamefle and fincerity, would noe at the point of death doc fo
jenuous and faffe a thing as t<> deliver for his own what wai
not protierfy and expTcMj to. And if after the lolTc, in fuch a
of the be it buibind in r.i-: world, ! were capable of any
conization, \ourMajcfty only c< nld affurd it by having better
1 when I v..\» fo mij'ujuiu: lo fpealc v.
Joor Majerts, I thought ! had lorn reafon to believe I fhould
if c inclined you rot nor from the credit of my word, but upon
the evidence of whit I had to fsfy. I lutpe I hive writ npthj
tat wil d«fpleafc your Majclty. ff I have, I humbly
keg of yon to cor.fider ir as coming from a woman amazed witn
• The wi !^d ir. brackets arc crofled out.
f it contained an account or" all chat patTed betwren Doctor Darnet
a*4 his LordAup, concerning hi> laft frweeh and paper. I: u called
uW j4*f**J 1a tkc Hi.lcff/c/jiij onfl i iiuc, sol. it p. $6x«
58 Lady RuJfelFs Utters,
gpti i and that you will pardon the daughter of a perfon wh*
ftrvcd your Majefty'i father in his greateft extremities, [and
Sr Majefty in your greateft. pofts J and one that it not con*
us of having ever done any thing to offend you [before.] I
^hall ever pray tor your Majefty 'a Jong life and happy reign.
.Who am, With all humility,
May it pleafe your Majefty, &cw
Full of indignation as every honed mind mud be at Charles
the Second's cruel treatment of Lord Ruflell, one cannot help
being concerned that Lady Rachel (hould have occaGon to write
£o the king, and that (he (hould condefcend to exprefs herfelf
towards, him in terms of fuch refpe&, and even reverence* But it
is to.be remembered that (he was the daughter of the Earl of
Southampton, and confequently had been educated in the higheft
principles of loyalty. Even her excellent hufband, in the paper
delivered to the (berifFs at his execution, had ufed expreffions
not much inferior to hcr's, in point of dutiful regard to the
•"ft
. We will next lay before our Readers one of the letters of
Queen Mary, when Princefs of Orange, to Lady Ruflel, as a
proof of the eft rem in which her Lady (hip was held by the moft
^lluftrious perlbnages.
m . . The Prtnctfi of Orange t9 Lady RuffeiL
" 1 did not exped lo many thanks my Lady Ruflel as I find
Jn your letter by Mr. Dykvelt, who has faid fo much to me of
all the marks of kindnefs you fhew'd both to the Prince and
myfelf, that I (hould be afbamed not to have anfwered it fooner,
put that you know one is not always provided with an opportu-
nity offending letters fafcly, of which indeed I am as much to
feck now as ever, but hoping Mrs. Herbert will fooner find on*
tfun .J, I refolve to leave this with her, not knowing when it
r^ay.come to you, but whenever it does pray do me the juftic*
to fceLeve that I have all the eftecm for you which fo good, a
charapcr aefcrves, as I have heard given you by all people both
Deflate I left England and fince 1 have been here. And have
bad ail much pity as any could have of the fad misfortunes you
have had, with much more <ompaflion when they happen to
pcjfoiis who deferve fo well, and yet i hole are they we often tee
t£c moft. unlucky in the world, as you find by experience; but
I hope your Son will, live to be a comfort to you » which under
God, 1 believe, will be the belt you can have. As for myfelf I
can only aflure both you and my Lord of Bedford, that I (hould
be very glad it lay in my power to do you any kindnefs., the fame.
Irananfwtr for the Prince, and indeed you have exprcfied fo
much fqr us both to,Mr. Dykvelr, that if it were ppffible it
would fincreafe the efteem 1 had before for you, which J ihalft
be. very glad of any occafion to fhew, and more to be .be.tte»
s known
L*J? Rujf^t Lfturt:
S9
Vnown to you\ that I might perfutde >ou myfelf of the dcfire I
lure that yoo fbovM be one of my friends. MARI E,"
Dr. Fiuwiiliam, at the revolution, coul-J ox ukc the oath
of allegiance to King William and Queen Mary. Part of his
Utter ti> Lady Rtiflel upon that fubjeir. will difplay the integrity
oi bis mind, and will afford, at the fame time, a good pi&ure of
the ditf-< ito which fome worth) men were thrown, by
:iairow principles of (heir ccde-Trait ell education. It wax
iiccrn to her f.adyfhip thi? the Doctor w« not capable of
catcitaining more enlarged views of tbij
*♦ It may he, fay* he, [ have a< fad thoughti for the in
of the chuicb, and as ardent dcfiic* for its peace as inyi and
Jet mr tongue cleare to the roof of rny mouth, if 1 prefer not
Jeruulcra before my chief joy. But I cannot elkem it a good
way to fcrlc the attainment of this, by any acl which fhal! ditturb
■y own peace: and yet this I rnuil of neceflitv do, if I malce
afc of fuch mean* a* may be conducive to that end, when
1 an Dot firO convinced oi the jufiicc ol them. I did not doobt
but the Deans of fome of the ercatcft name in tbc city would
take the oaths, nor do ( fulled but they vill proceed to the
dome; fo upon grounds wnich Item in their own judgment very
fclid. And yet I oucht not to *£t or defend what 1 do by the
raampte of others. TMi ij like clearing one's felf by reckon-
ing np the faults of oilier*, n* St. Hicrome writing to CeJanttl
obferrea; but however, a* he prorre's, it argues a lightocfa
and vanity of mind, for a man to leave his own confciciice to
v the opinion ol others- Jt mny be their judgment, that
•lie*!;, bludtactfc ii OUffWai, the people have power to
•iter the fuecefEon ; and that the convention wai a full repre-
tentative of them.
I tuckt in other more monarchical principles with the fitft
knowledge I had, from (he breath of my mother che urnVerfity,
and then, anrt e-.er fince, took them, as far a* I could unifer-
Hatvd, to be more agreeable to rttff frame of conihtuticn of
government ; oc they n-y look upon this rcmlution a* t tacit
. irtaaJ conquest. I '.\i(h it had been owned (o he furh ;
for then I had known from the refi'lutions ol Ci md
C*fti.M« and my o<ao tr.fon, what to have done without- dift*
cutty, fn rhe mean ii»c ! retreat you, very good Madarti, tint
to evil boggling a ■ i 1 f another, as far at
1 eat , which I formerly rourj an unncttiYary temple.
I believe, were yoo order fueh an engagement, your tenucr-
art* and circi: i wou'd be r*ther gicstrr tn*rt mine.
" I oaih ••<" ;il If. i-ue run* thus; *« I wiM Sear
* fmtk smJ t*ttt *i!'jur.(r to I r,l Kt'ng
i.iaea, and ins btiri «-.**' fw&V L. ', r»*aV Htm .Kd TrV.w wilt i.tt-
■ mum."' Ol luprcasavy, "J tffil *r:i to th and tear aMsiJ
I
a* Lad/ RuffiiTt Lettan*
**«othr King's Highncfa (Charles or James) lis bcbi a*4i*vf*t
"JtartTrth *«d *•> my P°wer fl12^ ailift 2nd defend all jerif-
*« litciiont, privileges, pre-eminences and authorities granted or
« bt » the King's Highnefo, hit heirs and fucctftftj Of
m united and anncxt to the Imperial Crown of this realm:"
M Now J aw informed by the ftature i Jar. c. i. that lineal
fucccu*ion \s a privilege belonging to the Imperial Crown, and
fey 12 Cv* 1. c 30. 17. That the undoubted and fundamental
Saw* oftrm kiragdom, neither the Peers of this realm, nor the
Commons, nor both together, in parliament, or out of pailia-
irtnt, nor the people coliedivcly* nor rcprcU-ntj:n,i.. nor any
petfnns whatsoever, hath, or ought to h.ive any oocrcirt power
over in-. Knm* of this realm.
M Tht 1'ivlcut oath iud? thus, cc I will bear true a!k*rasKC 10
" iheii .\U efttcs King William andQurnn Mary." NVw let any
itia! CKribn refoJire me, whether one of trufc. King James
having abdicated, be hta heir, or lawful fcccefTar, or could be
made fo, had (fee people met either collectively or rcpce!cn;u-
ly, wtiich>tbey did neither*
k* In the mean time I protest 10 your Lsdyfhip, tr»»n the
uuth qf a chrtftian and a pticft, that davcGing my(t\( of all
pet indices, and, as far ai it's poffible, of all patliom which
darken the lijjht of the judgment, I will examine the matter to
ISM bottom, and ill find IOHD r..lci- the oath, i will. But if 1
6im1 I cannot, without iceJftMng, or an ad mfiion of fuch a
declaration, that 1 never intend, nor will bethought by con-
flWiinn 01 implication by fiich (wearing, to rccogntee- the legal
ntle of K '»•" *i>J Queen Ma/)*, I then beg of yonr
honour thele thice tnin^.
*fc j. That yon would have the fome good opinion of my ist*
tegfi(y» and of my %calous addiction to you, or to any thir.j
f elating to your Celtic** .i> ever yuu I kid hcrctulore.
** !• That >oj would permit me, in entire truft *nA con$.
dencc. to make over all my worldly goo-'; to you: for I I
Chat (eme men* heat* may dr.ve th»*i£i fo lar# as to bring all
fecufants of it into a pixuiunirc.
M 3. That I may have Tome room in your haute, if any eia
be fparcd, to let up my books in, aaid have reeourfeto them, if,
Hi 1 t ii;;l, i«.r 1: 1, br permitted to Itayin the tow i»."
"I he mirodukliwn to tint collection contains i om •
■crnaik* in » indication of Loid Rode I , > dtfo£tiM in
point or compolirion, arid ii loaded with ncedlcis quotation*.
The Editor hath f«b;oincd notes, which give a &ort account of
the pcrfons mentioned in ihe courfc of trie letters. Thefe notes
add loth: en.eetsmnicnt and utility of the Work, and would
fcavc- fct iLotJ" to rtstl ^rraaer advantage-, if the Author of them
had taken pains to render them more accurate and pcrfpicuotu.
He
MoSTHlY Cataiogck, KuU-a! Ilijkry. 6l
He U either not ufctJ to hillofical willing, n be wr- \o t
rreathaft' Jt:e of avail. og Uienfelf oftheproftu
u«k>o ftx pul!
UR,
MONTHLY CATALOG
For J V L V, «;;j.
Natuial Hijtou.
Ait.il. C/w* 4j 3>'.fi. i2mo. a <. Edinburgh p:;cted,
, by White in Loadon, i :7V
*Tr~KE iogeniovl ami asideOBi Mr. Pennant, id his preface to tb*
J ::na, enters into a min-jte account of the txttr*a'> *art$
tf hrj§9 their fitibtri, fi^ht, mufti ah, mdifcaiien, and '£f'i and
then p.-orerda to Sr&T» i.
Hr hoots that, coofidcrinf; she many fyflcms which nave been oP
- public of Uie ytaTs, he fliull not be accufed of nation*!
partiality, in giriBj|j the prrfcrrncr* to (ha: contpnird by I
16*7, tad publii*,ed is 1678, ' ic ROtikfl be unfair, fayj he, to
conceal U»e writes from nhona oar fl»rcat countryman took the oritt-
e*i hist of fuiming thai fylUm, which has lincc proved tbc founda-
I all tbat has teen compofed (twee thai prriod. This was
/VaavrW**, £*.** *fM**t, who/* bnok am* puhl.jhcd in 1 r 5 •.' Mr.
Ray considered, altered, and amended tie totmcr arran^eracnf, an J
lis plan at'iKfcri to Mr. Penrose to be fo jaJicicus, that it is Jcarcc
haare in ie Sot tiic better; yet. he oMorvr**
r i k
I«zapi 1 Ma example, for I pcrin-.tlhc k*V/*wi/co fallow one
aaeefeer, ■tM|uidc«i i.y tte *ai*W-/Wv4. il,< ■"■.;*/« of bis
Mesas bet in »y gcuarical airan^ci^.-u, I null pue/iuaily aitr-nd
en theOraWbe ba» gireii ia Boipt in thofeof
feu At.'ttf, an-1 a rVw of his OavsV. For, after cbo aosr.atf
. -ttder of «MftryhW with pinnated fret,
1 rvtwre* thfl"uWrr»or * r^ water- fo*l, aiai the
:tr4. Thi . end land- bar-it with things aHeleaa foe
iif.ru, I place a; a6»i-:; order. The '/'/a*r/*«//r ftyraita £r#*«r>)
|ar«i ! price at the end! . *\H
itr Jand-bi- . */*«. Uke the c (Ju/.
Imtt- ihe Ull gruuvctMi, l*-if; iuonere, avi/idcra of wet
i sad bwb hate billi foe bed. i: mud he ejonfeaed,
;h have lew naked above the kaeo. and the lift, like the
., In but 6w *££»- They fcem ambiguous bird) that Kara
; is heped, tba:cacb Batuniifl
rdtemion if y- n » lufea Us ow> oplmun.*
To tne ainre «v-r*ft, which mm atford tlf* curious 10 Mtural
»i#oty a lotion *>t Mr. Pennant's deii^n, wo will add the lollowir^
» if hU pint;. I: b called. 7>Afr // *frro«grmr*rt mt& rkt
rt ara Grxrr* " '*V ^tuu 2U:*rm ;/ Lirt^aa .*
62
Diii&on I.
Monthly Catalog'Ji?, CW-Wy.
;>■ BIRDS.
fOidcr
J
a J. {
DivifioQ 11.
I. R3KX:.'
II. PJ
III, GslJicaccou;.
IV. Columbine.
V. Pai'crinc
VI. Struthiou%
rOrdcx VII. Cloven-footed 7
orWadci*. J
VUI. ruinated feet.
i ■'- WATER-FOWL*
Acclpiirct Limtti.
GaJJin.e.
P»
1'ailWc*.
Offftlbk
Grill*,
DC. Web fooled.
{Aafcrt*.
>>
The fubdiviiioni oi thcic oxcicn, ond the p.u;.:t.uUri i
llicin. conllitutc tais little volume, ■*■ hi*..- nil, na doubt, be ac-
ceptable to ihofc "iiu Ian to enquire iucv rhi% pait of the iroxkl of
pjtore.
Art. 13. TltL&d)i JJpitnitt j\r r/£viatin£ and fupptyng btrf%-
bli ; containing One Hundred and Kilty ftleet Bi!
properly ds<pokd for fsmiiy 13 i oners of Five . 1 Tmo
Couifc* of 11; with upwm!: of Fifty Bi i
ipwaiils oJ ri
SFare for Sappers, from Hi: Nineteen; and Eewtral I)e*
(t.-ti : Ir.cladiog a COatdCfabifl Number ot choice itc-ccipt* of v»-
itous kinds, with, full JJirctiiona tor preparing them in the moll
approved Manner. Now rirft published from the Manufcript CcJ.
lection of a ProfelTed HouleLerpei ; who had upward* of Thirty
Year* Experience in Families of the finl Kafhion. Svo, 6* bouad.
Walter. t77J-
The Utc Mr. feonnel Thornton, of )»amou»r0: and feftive memory,
ufed, with $rcat pier. alTtrt the fcrioill conUciucocc of too
fri$mtc& eating and drinking. " Do we DOI .'II urtCj,*' *c
lay, •* that our henlrh chiefly d'prndt on our iood r and aie s.ot
•vr bodies, ihcfcfat; liable to be more or lei*, and well orilL *f-
fifted, ever y time Wi cat at drink ; and « we repeat abos*
■ tlmufand titan m a year, every vcai of out I then,
be roo aitrtiiive to an iff ir isi which we are fo ^r
be&di all \hc fttaArr* that etc receive ijiny clour rrteadt,
joyously alfcmbled round a w*!l provided e W
Tbis was certainly jpod rcaioninr; . Ad him tot
tobe a wiao inan wbodotzaa tooligfa 1 *tll-
drrfTcd joint, a nice podding, « pcoa >w|, or— an
Author vho has had * jo year* Mperkr
elTcmia! to the welfare Of man, woman, ajacj <•
For oar pari, we cannot rcfufe cur n.
i"he writer o< ^ ticttiA which we have rtftJ »slfc mvc ttffxiiu
hath been excited by any o;hcr lolume, an elect Or modem, that we
nave perufed unce" Lit D**t dt CatNtf •, written by ft learned ooble-
* O* I A*t dt l* CvijlKf, rtdxtt tn fresi jjw. Thi
ehfoaaJ)i,v, publilhed his intjenious and JppUaded wcvk, it Pirb, io
//iinr hwdfomc duodecimo**
Momthlt Catalogue, PuxiuL
*3
man of r.-ar.ce. and published about a dozen yc»r> 1*0.— After thi*
JtcJaracxm. wr»*t cao we add, iu fiivour oi the £«=*// /jijStat,
t* torty recofcniradatioxi of the book to all yoongwnc*, aod jq.
fxpeheAced houfekeepers ; n :m may peofti by an a :t en tire
cAficr vawce of th« joifl latntfuOO with which k ij /.-iu^it.-fo j^
pcibaps, in nine, 10 iUc;'at (he honoar cf CDUxUiOJU£ evea a "
viewer* at their tables.
P o r T 1 c A t.
An. 14. Th Dyi a f tftgr* a poetical fcpiftle, fuppofed to be
i*ba lately (hot hemCflf "n (ward a \
the Xucr Thane*) w ais intended Wife. aco. 1 j. Ftexncy.
ThU pcern took iti rife from xa article of news mhkh law
appeared ib ll»c London pfpm, imfKirting due *' a black, ufa
a lew da*j before, raa away from hi* milter, and goi-hinatelf clim-
teced, with intent to marry hi* tello* krvan:, a vUwce *oa*o, bcloj
ukeo, and fent co board the cuDuia'i (hip in the Thane*, tooi, «ii
C/fO/tajnity of ihooitng hiafeif tnroujh tlic bad/1
On tan foundation, a rjeneroui fon of Apollo, hat paid * the tri-
! huraaniEy.' a^-J feelingly lamented the mifery of a ieJlow-
crratare, so (train* v.-hua ar* ir.il/ pathetic and harmonium. ne
ci?f<6ci the hi^hcli fenfe of hurnan liberty, and vigorouily alien*
ihc natural a ;f-I ri^hu of mankind , iti vindicating which,
: coarfc. COrtderWH :.nd ewrratM our Weft -Indian p!anfert, Ac
%-aotV tyranny over 1!. f«i will, wi
iniancef. but too an inufe ; 1
•kith the folio* ing be *ttea as a fpecimen :
id thou*, fthofc itnpiou* avarice and pride
God'* h>ft lymbol 10 ray brows defl
rbad »><? "f :he rights of man ;o eJaim,
Or (bare with thee a Chnliur.'t ulWd race.
Thou, 100, fari for m>t beyond the £ttic»
Thy power Ulcndsi not ■ > my djft thy iIitc.
Go bribe thj I with thy ecM,
t:_t - run not Nato tooagnj _nd fold,
In vain heav'c fp."-.J fo »■••!- i'.-' ca; .
VaJKwatry ■ Ewixc thy wotty tod
:;c» by earth nor hcav'si txmtruuI'J,
Wfcnte'r ;■ hel.-l'iun j» take
Still Nat-ax* bleeds, aid Man become; thcu
The. fiery jafficc, and defpesatx jcfoluucrt, which fo llronHy cart:
!*e »-*fr»f>'« general character, arc -*vi. exprehett in : ; t>-
fatnt and ilae ntmberu f whirt* eqoally c«tiifri> the p^iUaih/opy,
4-d the poctieaJ abtUuct, of the
I
$4 Monthly Catalogue, PutkaL
Art. 15. ttt fbgijler of F$ify; or, Cbaradere and Incidcntrtt
Bath and the Hot- wells. In a Series of poetical Bpifiles. By an
Invalid. 8ve>. 2 s. 6 d. fewed. Newbery, Jec. 1773.
This Gentleman's Mufe is an invalid, too; and a vera flatten
Into the bargain ; but ihe affects to conceal her unfeemly tatters, un-
der the veil of Modefty : and we revere the goddcfs too much to
remove it.
The following lines contain the Author's jiifl acknowledgement of
the onfitnefs of his work to Hand in any degree of comparifon who,
the celebrated Batb-GmUt :
* To write like fam'd A — tey f never did dream*
Who drinks fuch deep draughts of the Helicon ftream
His genius produces the ricktfl tf cream ;
Contented am I if the Nine 1 can bilk
Of a dry craft of bread, and a dim of Jkimwtd milk.
Tii his to engage and enrapture the heart.
His verfe flows from Nature, miae merely from Art;
His numbers refemble the full flowing bowl.
As his hmper-filftl thoughts quite imin'a/t the foal ;
While mine, like fmall flip flops, this virtue retain.
If you get drunk with A— tey they'll fobtr yoor brain/
We have no defign in printing fome words, in the foregoing ex*
trail, in italics. They are (o aUlinguifhed in the book, — to mark
(no doubt) the wit and clevernefs of the allufions - which, otherwise,
night have paffed unnoticed by many acarelefs Reader.
Art. 16. the Power of Fancy ; a Poem. By tbt Author. 410.
is. Rivington. 1773.
This poem, confidered as the composition of a young man f, hat
considerable merits and we fi nee rely wiflt the Author all the en-
couragement his talents deferve. Many of our Readers will be pleated
with the following paflaee. It describes the iituation of a lover,
when his miftrefs has contented to be his bride:
' O'er the dull hours his rapid fancy flies
To the next fcene, the fcene of all his blifs.
Array'd in native purity, he views
The lovely maid, fcarcc knowing what he fees.
The crimfon blufh that veils her langqid check,
, The tear, the index of her hopes and fears,
Awake the tendereft feelings of bis foul.
And call forth all his pity. Fondly now .
He views with fort companion's feeling eye
The tumult of her bolbra. PJeas'd he ftrivea t ,...;.
To pluck each briar from toe thorny path; .,;..(.
Remove each doubt ; each anxious fear aliay. ,',.u^.
Blelt hour ! when every thought, and every feaft ^ ,.,:^ .
Is loft in exitfics of parcft love** . i >r., • . *
This description is warm | but it is natural, and virt nous. r.»».f*-
■ ■ * ■ ' 1 1 . ft «•
t The preface acquaints as that it is * the production of a yn<Wjfr-
i, lately a member of the uaivercty of Oxford.*
•./. -art
. ,i H- - -r
• . * ■ A
M&STMtY CATAtCOUl, Df4^0tkj AftdmJii. 6$
Irt. I9.TO* JW:
i or, (hcLc*drnhc5d»4tLo55(
I i-
CanaOUaOi
In iluce Canto*. B; W.J.c . BfO. - :. Cinluo.
m
Batler'i wanner and h-jtnow are 3»;re tolerably imitated.
Art. 1 8* IJtiUitmMtjftcfrr.t't. A Town hclo^u:. 4T0,
Ridley. i:;3-
The burner ftyle, and Sc. r.ilcs'i/ana, are well hit off". The foi*
lowing couplet ii a maUee* piece :
•' Aedai to Sooty- jur., Iwlieve xe, Gaitf,
" Some fay* I UB£i more bfitterci nor fcl
Bravo, bravo' Oikcv !
Aft i).ThtOnr*gfGir;*t F^tesioSiWf Harris: or the Town
toifecCooatty /Wjj. An Heroic*] Epiflle. 410. la, BU-
doo. i
;o*tryof taUFpillle, like that of she A**/* of P*mv* •, is too
pood for tfce fbbject A'ith refpeft to the / Richer pa*.
feRnaatce, u wotld he circuit to tettie cite point of piccedcocy be-
M Ota then.
Art- lO, The Thijlic, +to. 18. 6 J. Bladen. f773«
All tilt *e can difcovcr, from the perufal of thii fttincal piece,
ti. Out t»e Author bate* thr KcotcJi, and wntei bad reries.
ttwtfttrf Peem entitled " J Sc Patrician* :" or,
a Be. examination trio the Merits or* ihe principal Spexlceri of tee
Houfe of Ljrd». By th« Author cf a Review of the Poem of
"Taa-S^natcri." jto. n. 6d. VViikic. i— .
We k«*c : ;icions thai thi» rhyming Reviewer iiguftog
tie ttiab mock ilnciures on iiii awn dull pcrfuiiiuAcci.
See Rer. roT tlrii, p. • > % and :+o.
D Jt A M A T I C.
An. 21. Otttfh. a Tragedy. By William Sbaksfpcarc. Cob
lue. rr<»;^rn Ed By the EJitor of King L*ar.
8*o. ■: -d. Owen. i?73-
Otpftniet re J *-itK a froatifpieec delignei .-» and en*
awn. Ooi itica of this lidito d irom
what wat (-id of tin itorzmd Hamttt : See Star. forMaTCh I77I1 and
tofm-
MscitAirtca.
Art. » 3. AvnsAvnfati an .*A* Mri tithe Prt~
fmmtitm VttcSUedt. By J. Jacefc, Author of Obferr*.
boat on the Statute ajid PrMgBt of W&eel Camogtf, 410.
TWac Aiii ''oh die /WW inform us, are intended to
obvutr x m raeais on I ': of wheel -
carriages. iai3«-nedtmti«hri rj f . *c. ho
as«aat to rec*in cd iKe of broad «hretrf' aa ■-
aan'rerfaJiy co rlic p(fc/t4:«on of the roatln pre.
§»rcnt and coevenieoce of the pr-
ra/riagei. WaniWfc *n toi» FampMet, u U tia ^oi^r* W
afaeviey of - srjd o>r»
anuanriti Mrfiiebtbt7Mearfcc~!ed by wh<ol-c7»ri%cp^t, %>,
w Sec An. : : Month's Catiloguc.
• See Kcv. h* }*v»*r/ }*A, &. 3.
fur. J F
xo^A
*66 Monthly Catalogue, Mathematics^ Navigation,
weight or the velocity of their motion," and not any other circum-
-flance, which is the moft cffcntial objcA of corfrdcration, refpefting
the damage they do the public roads. He propofes therefore to in-
creafe their number and leflen their weight ; an amendment, which,
he apprehends* would neither be itijuricrus'to the proprietor* nor to
the community. Mr. J. concludes with ftfggcfling a number of re-
-{rotations, refpefting turnpike roads and wheel-carriages,. With.
regard to the latter, he advi'cs, " lit, That no waggons or foot
wheeled carriages, have lefs than a fix inch wheel, flat tire, nor be
permitted u> weigh with their load above three ton. 2dly, 'That lib
cart or twowheeTecf carriages of burthen have lefs than a like fix inch
'wheel flat lire, «orany be permitted to weigh with their load abciVfe
• one ton^nd a half. - 3d!)*, -That no itaee waggon or foor-wheelcd
carriage of hurthen be drawn by more than four horfes two a-breaft,
-nor a loaded two wheel-carriage by more than two horfes a breanVor
•three in length. 4-thly, That four wheeled flage-coaches and chaifea
•be iciiric'-cd to wlieels at Icaft three inches broad, fiat tire* ntid tea
burthen of two ton. All two wheeled chaifes or carts to «fc«h:tfP'
the fame breadth, and to a lor.d of half the weight. $thiy. That
pleafiue carriages and the coaches or chaifes of private pcrfynr; he1"'
indulged with wheels of no inoic than two inches and a half brcicftbi^1
flattiie; provided the four wheeled carriages, with the burden^dtf"*
not weigh more 'than one ton and a half* and the two wheeled ca£"(,°
riagesuiore than fifteen hundred weight." •"! 1 '•
Mathematics. " ,L
Art. 34- Ibe young Geographer end AJlrotiomers left Companion*
By E. Jones, Teacher of the CI a flics and Geography, at Bromley,
'Kent. tsmo. 3 s. 6 d. bound. Baldwin. 1:73.
A meer school boook, containing a brief abflrad of modern and
.ar.tient geography, the ufe of the globes, the principle <■: dialling,
the elements ol alironomy and chronology, it is prufetfedly a com-
pilation, and may be of ufe to thofe for v. liom i: is intended.
Navigation.
.Art. 25V The Mariner's Injirucl or : being an cafy and expeditious
Method whereby a Mailer may teach the Art of Navigation in a
fliortTime, Sec. By William PuddicumLc, ofTopflnun. ninu;
?a. 6d. Law. 17^3.
Books of this kind fo much refemblc one another, that it is need-
J'-s ttt'grVe- a minute and circuraftantial account of every new pub-
lication*. 7'bis. ij chiefly defigned for thole who ctnr.ot iparc more
time in learning navigation than is abfoluicly neceiTary i arid therc-
- lore many theorems are omitted and othcu are oftjy fuppoied, which
.would 'have fwelled the book beyond a r«oc?erate fizc ami rendered it
unintelligible to thofe for whole i<rvice it was primarily intended.
The titfe-page will give a fufticient account of 11& contents. Ucou-
tains, theGregorian or new calendar: the Jclcnption and ufe of the
plain-arid C-unier's fcate: geometrical problems: plaiiii iiuverfe,
and jVTercator's failing:- parallel, middle latitude, cbliquc and carnal
failing: rules and directions to work an obfervarion: the method of
finding the variation of rliecompafs by tfit fun's azimuth nnct aropli-
tuoe r'togecher with- the plain and Meicator s charts, .wiri di'icflicni
' iicw
Monthly CataioCuc, PtEtiuL
«7
sow t*>pn<k : be tnctlcd of keeping a : Pea;
'2 by an
. iibles of lot: :n>c
tar* aed uaf • n«a« Rtfily w Diking
1
LI I l C \ L.
Art. a6. 72* /*'/i andPnr- fv*d xhtt /*-
bibttcmti •fib i . -^i«. /* r
, tii uteJ
Ordrog Ucrbiwj. T
M taWtf ■ egiven Ri ..*;•> :fc< eitf'.cMaJirnunj
DLtCu.ur ;. ia Ametkft. ..<. » :. Botfoa r..iu_( !....„ n ic-
privies i
Tbr n (tamp af\, atd aftrr-
virdi««ivfi mpoUuc<J«twiimjoicJcnafilek« c< *m«-
nc4ocoaiuH>pciu .ho**
c»tr vaiolr, to be wi.td, iliat I red to tit.
I jritv were
rfir— f^Moa. 1|*m,c mar be pcrajsucd t » :c ■ iei ioa of
•»c~ » pu^i I '"»*> **iih the eje of
crni, tost colooict ougtt er> b; treated MCOnJ
UHUkUKr). A<O.0!iv
Cinnu; u* : ...y ii.l::-i-. UrCJOX ol i:> : 1. .1 It .11. .... 1 - • ; .• .. j
lt»ertfcreic can never 1 ;■ :i.!cncr. On the a
r -oonk*. on a contuieoC 01
aae be icuincii by a a l/eager itei cm thofc oi' wotual
irt; tMh*iH ir'ibcfe arc in .icd, they aic --«jt of
..tight to pail !e biuaiioa
Utter we .
abate of 1
t«n
ntr
n fiut.t art. chiJd; it J i: 1* <gtw
10 grow ruojc a-i
■
A.
■ k<
1
.... ...
JO AfUl-J 1
(•1
68 Monthly Catalogue, Politic*!*
fupport the officers. Hence the tea and other India goods that might
have been fold in America, remain rotting in the company's were-
houfes, while thofe of foreign ports are known to he cleared by the
American Demand. Hence in Tome degree the coripfcfty's inability
to pay their bills; the finking of their Hock, by which triillioa* c*J
property have been annihilated ; the lowering of their dividend,
whereby fo many muft be diftrcfled ; the loft to government of the
ilipulated 4co,ooo pounds a year, which mull make a proportion-
able reduction in oar Tarings towards the di (charge of oar enormous
debt ; and hence in part the fevere blow fufrercd by credit in general,
to the rain of many families » and the ltagnation of bufinefs in Spisal-
ficldi and at Mancheftcr, through want of vent for their goods; with
other future evils,' which, as they cannot, from the numerous and
fecrct connections in general commerce, eaiily be forcfeen, can hardly
be avoided.
In the report of the committee to the town meeting at Boftoa, we
have a concife fyftem of politics adapted to their fituation as colociftj,
which is drawn op with great good fenfe and mature judgment . ,
An exemplification of their refpedlive articles of complaint in the
nature of a memorial, is added, the particulars of which the public
are by this time well acquainted with : the whole is concluded with
the letter of correfpondence to the other towns, and with copies of
the ineflages between the town meeting and Governor Hutchinfon.
Art. 1J. Tbt Letttrs ofjuniir to Lord North, with Two additional
letters on ibo Difmiffiom ofthtCuflom-houfi Ojietrr; dedicated to Ms
Lordfbip, and addreffed to the Public. Svo. is. 6d. Wood-
mafon. 1773.
Thefe letters relate to the indirect fchemes of fraud and oppreflioa
carried on by cuilom-houfe officers; men, whofe want of principle
fufficiently known to all, both the honeft and dilhoneft, whofe bnfi-
nefs in any meafure confifls in exports or imports. Their pra&icef,
however, are very loofely hinted at, without coming clofc to po&tive
fads, in particular in fiances ; — and the letters, which were /inl pub-
iifhed in a news-paper, being now collected in the (::m- detached
form, confitt'almoft wholly of declamatory introdoftibns and eoncUi*
fions: whereas had they been thrown into one connected detail, they
Aught have received new force, and been read to greater advantage. ,
Art. aS. The Advantages of a Settlement upon the Ohio in North
jjjmtru*. 8vo. is. Ridley. 1773.
A plain well meant train of perfuafive arguments to the fettlemect
5n queftion j apparently written by fome perfen woll acquainted with 1
the country, and better farniued with fact? aiun with the art of dif- »
playing them in a p leafing manner. He gives a very Favourable
account of the country at the conflux of the Midi flip pi and the Ohi<\
and advifes the building a fort there, which he fays would be on the
fouth , what Albany is on the north, * centers of two circles of a very
exten&ve commerce.'— Onr Readers will underfland his nicanio
but he is not \try happy in cxpreffing it.
NOVILI
Monthly Catalogue, Ntx*th ASfodtoqv* 69
N o v £ l «.
Aft. 39. Tit Fty&itnebU F; I41J. n.\u>* i Vol, 5s. Scwrd,
Becket.
Milan aa4 probability Late had no concern in she production 01
imam*
Art, 30. fo/Sr#fc£ Pcrtnsn or the icmarV^bic Cafe of Jonn
RanUr, written b) himfol/. irmo.. 51. 6d. BlaJftn. 1773.
A rinWadoM, low, »li nrrittcn flo/y of the Author': illicit and
B*i«t«»ate asiOBi witb Um daughttj of 4 fliop-kecper in a naarlcet
MfeliMJt JamcVs. John Ramble ap; bis ova ac
eoaat (wltkh bat, 10 give r;<ri b&i dot, thro -'A^
to be «-i»eTy iadiicrecc man, and to ha*c not only involved h
dtticta* by »i» mtcondutt » but alio to havc'occjiioncl the ruin fit'
lacpcorgirl u-hoai be fedutcd. Mi s M— *i pare-
taaavc ruade but a foiiy ufc of the if authority ovci
Art* 31* £mma\ Oft, the Unfortunate Attachment.
Mac*/ Novel, same*. 3 Vol*. 75. HooJclt-im. 1
Tbcocco;. bo; not cxre'lsnt :— yrr not rnniemntirile. \\c hue
cbaraAtriied fifty fuch ; and are hefc of rtpettf. <«.
Art. 31. Y*v jfy*s»y 9f Led Jtbhrn *» 7jw.-i or ll.c
rexiairoed Libertine. By the Author of Frederick \ Ol ;'icJuru-
ruaxr Beggar, una. ; Volt. 9 1. Raton, Sec. 17^3.
Wfcoa *e read n ill written novel and jefleS, as we »ff Jed :
on the tniUpji\',<xu*n of a writer's talents-, weeannot help recollecting
the eacUmauoa of an boflcfl illi;c-ate t»o>an, fin Joe Miller, per-
baps] 00 feeing one of bii acquaintance ''Rcry,—
1 Tait OMaei ot jour r*aJi*g and ivritixf, you fooltih ri!
Miscellaneous.
. ^3- 7£. Cbimnc)~foxtptT$ jttung Appnntlutt inc*in£
the * retired >:
11 do not obferve the Obligation of Indentures;
a Brici Jnquirv in order to fupporc the civil and
^^Mu K :;-!;!» of thefc Apprentices; to encourage j"">od Martcr:,
at Prade ; i!>. ful Oc<u;
zrnaybe con lid err J as an Ohj-et wnrtl < mention;
■ >.- no loog<
!> d. W •
* --,, vs 1 '.l attention Ucverdi r pub*
luted out t . fetched ice
.
mad to the
in;rj; our ctiimnios, A lubkript.
1 i» no-v -' titling
ol i r~c t jjid u
■ • ■ ■ ' uon
\t n at tare
ci tl*e caipjujocnc : ■ ■•■ ur> tkugoodor
. . , it be j ajg»
500 a\ev. ior
9- 4>
£tj.xaA£
Jo Monthly Catalogue, Mifallarum.
eravate or alleviate the crrcumftances Of it) this fchcme will operate
rathe i as a precarious palliative than a radical cure. It would there-
fore be worth the zttcn'ion or' the committee formed to carry it into
execution, to endeavour at rclcuing tbe poor children from fuch filthy
unwholelume wcrt, ry introducing a different mode of performing it;
A> the cafe Hands at prefenr, children at the moft tender age are,
on account of their fn.aJHrzc, put into a worfe employment, and are
worfe treated in it, th;.n any full grown man experiences in this
country; allowing for their different degrees of Itrer.gtb, and for
compulfion in one cafe, and voluntary hire in the other. In fhort,
it is a grofs violation of the molt obvious dictates of humanity, Co
force young boys, as foon as they are able to Die their feeble limbs,
up nairow, footv, daiijrrous funnels, merely becaufe their friendlc It
foliation, and incapacity ci icii:!ancc, expefc them to fuch cruel,
treatment. Istheau of fwuping cliiinmes arrived at the nt flut
vltra f It is to be hoped not. . i we ate rightly informed, chimniei
are often fwept in various parts of this iflaud, l>y a furze bum, or
whiip of straw, tied to the middle of a lens repe, which is drawn up
and down the funnel by a penbn above and another below ; and fome
fuch expedient when improved by experience, might be adapted, to
put a i:.cp to the fran.cfu! advantage now ta'-en of poverty and help-
lcfs iiiDocci.ee : nor cuuid the focicty fir the encouragement of arts,
&c, ofcer a premium that weld icdourui l.'.ore to the honour of their
humanity, than toliimulatc thcconuiv^ncc of an (.-xicctual mcihcdtcr
tbisparpefc,
^il 34. /? Drapnr's AduYffi to the «ocd P. 'pit of E/igko.J, 0Y1 the
- Cautcs of the prtfent denrntls ox" 1*1 0 virions, &c. fcvo. 61!.
Longman. »7"3-
• All irirenucus attempt* to lnicfiii.aic the cavifes of a general
calamity are laudaM-.* ant*, meritorious, 1 rwever unlucccliiul they may
br,' liiys our AdHrene, with tru»h ; although it may bf neceiTary to
fet bounds to this poflticn. leli the public be too miiih pcfiercd with
•the reveries of well meaning peiiuiia, who are at the fame time defii"
tutc of thofe abilities which arc requifitC to maintain a rcfpctiable
appears r.cc in print. — '1 hi* U titer may l*e 4-eMvoii.r.i in his defign ;
and it is confuted that his few pa^cs arc not pttcrly devoid of inte-
refting pcf;ticns: he kcr»;s. however, jtixll} to citimate himfelf as a
plain man of msdfrcte unv'ert'taniHii^
Hccpciii Lis little l,ucf;ct vi.h :.n avowal of his cliiTatisfaflion with
regard to the examination * of ?.:tiirs. fcmyth end Farrow, concerning.
the prsfont high price, ci.d the cUtfillatii it, of grain. He declares
himlelf pc Jib rally unacq-jainud v. ith thele "cntfcmcB, but he afTerts
that their petitions and Cfiiclufions »Mc <r ir;:tly the aprearatace of
fallbocd, and he is very app rehenhve that the treat council of the
nation may b< Aft/hy their repreientutiins Lc prcftfTes too- much; .
charity to believe that MiflW. S. and K. arc bad men, -who would
wil'uily miflesd the W* cfC. and impale on the nsrioii, but he tbinki
them unlit for the bufinefs of calculation, unable to form probable
corje^tures, and unlikely to take the ncccflary pains to procure in-
formation. He undertakes to confute tlieir accounts and rcafomngs,
L. .1 ■ ■ l"
* Dcfoie t'r.c lioaic of Commons.
> 2 and
Monthly Catalogue, Mj/uBmtBk
;<
•aok.
on (h< vinoui e&pic* of o-ji, culture,
• .» .: . i ■
mctxxaust /+//*, <.•;«•/ ,;.:r, . -rewft ; : •• i •'-. • wool ,
(4 i .- noi, fqaVtam .
»ciy Cf.'oucuus i aad, Ctl
. cbough r ii ;»«b-
R«
frtQ'hOn .r
Alt. J5. Z.^/n M I J to «
- )*■*« LmIt. i ( j V%
Tfcii *» a teafirtic, ptauiafr perfiHnnam.fcaM'i i ;, .
tW aaiad* act! f • .. yaufl^ f*.
«,»ib*flac*ucui*nc*e<&tti aanthtfca
raaaasce*; aJiiu u^.i it i . ion*t*Trd tlu* in fame of ii,_- lute
< red) rat moraii i Ik mofl lively pfcflorei of (be tnnsan
. ■ • . art calculated to
ic pjtk>ns o.* ►oulli,
Jbottd be iv n ; nril' Jin ilicu I r>c Tiinicj', 3.1J ihcfcn*
liaflQU of tbtfc /& :. re farther rrmuccd. rftra
tena to vitiate ir j to miflead itie oaocrrtanchr..'
pMtaoofi ci ntraot '• »a y advent hicfc frldom if ever happen
and p.-.. .ma the »Jioit4!K»n u
inaira
■iir.i; :— whic*. nldt nur Awborr veia*
§otwt4 tint is a 1st! 1 '1 p- • it-.- .. ; ; .. ■ . 1 youtip wo* in mafcet it
-eirwf ', cjM^r
x«aae/fec-i '«t i»^»r."
toe abort: reliction* app :-» ibrne of Our
9ui tafoac ihetn that tin n!!/
fWOK
it<r» arr v - rciy
■ ■ . iit.irt
• vosngaadv tswaoaibbc/
i
E
are
tbcnM.
reguiau
•am l*i, at>4 tbci
n*«M of
*i aci . ^eograpay znd corv
; ttftwy.
00 tlu- rt£iiU!»*» cr tSa
.
-t rtf *f*l» »>«IHB<ftl 14 * I«fit * .<<• w.i-
■eTi 11 the peculur chsrxn of eas
• i'i their tears becoming—*
;odci j,5 ixi be rva i# to
at ihe flarta at a feather; avmI Vo wtah
keirt-. . le faulleJl ai;.cV/u cjju're orcrpawest bar. — NotVin^ta
>' 4
j 2 Monthly Catalogue, Mtfctflannus.
-effectually defeats its own ends is this kind of afftftation : for though
warm affc&ions and tender feelings are beyond meafnre amiable and
Cltfrsningj when perfectly natural, and kept under the due COfltroni
of reafon and principle— yet nothing is fo truly difgafting «» the
affectation Of thcrn, cr even the unbridled indulgence of fuch as are
Teal.— Remember, my dear, that our feelings were not given us for
our ornaments, but to fpur us on to right actions — Companion, for
inflance, was not impreffid on the human heart, only to adorn the fair
face with tears, and to give an agreeable languor to the eyes,— it
was defigned to excite onr utn.oft endeavours to relieve the fufferers.
—Vet how often have 1 heard that kiiilh wealtnefs, which flies from
the fight of diflrefs, dignified with the name of tendernefs ! — ** My
friend is, I hear, in the deepeft affliction and mifery; — I have not feen
her,— for indeed I cannot bear fuch fcenes — they affect me too much !
thofe who have lefs fenfibility are fitter for this world;— but for my
part, I own, I am not able to fupport fuch things — I (hall not attempt
to vifit her, till 1 hear (he has recovered her fpirits." This 1 have
heard faid, with an air of complacence, and the poor felfilh crea-
ture hasperfuaded herfelfthat the had liner feelings than thofe gene-
rous friends, who were fitting patiently in the houfe of mourning-
watching:, in filence, the proper moment to pour in the balm of com-*
fort ; — who fupprcfled their own fenfations, and only attended to thofe
of the airlifted perfon — and, whofe tears flowed in fecret, whilft their
eyes and voice were taught to enliven the finking heart with the ap-
pearance of chearfulnefs. - That fort of tendernefs which makes ua
ufelefs, may indeed be pitied and excafed, if owing to natural imbe*
cillity— but, if it pretends to lovelincfs and excellence, it becomes
truly contemptible*
Wc recommend thefe volumes to the attention of the younger part
of the fair fex; as the inilruClions here offered to them will certainly
tend to render them equally amiable and ufeful, in every lUtion and
circumftance of life.
Art. 36. The Socratk Syfttm of Morah : as delivered in Xeno*
phon's Memorabilia. S\o. 6d. Rivington. 1774-
Xcnophon's Memorabilia are commonly regarded as a collection of
agreeable and inftruclivc colloquies, not immediately connected with
each. other,,: ,tb$ .Author of this little tract imagines that he feet in
them angular, fyflcm of morals, comprehended under the three gene-
ral he^ds of/duty towards dod, our neighbour and ©urfelve*. To
fuppprt'jJ.is bpirtum. he lays before his Readers a fynopfis of that
famous and valuable piece cf antient litemturc. • The three firft
beoks, fays be, contain an analytical invefligation of the duties of
man, towards God— himftif— and hi*' neighbour, conftdered in two
points of view; as a member of a private Family*, and of a public
community; the fame duties are in the fourth book delivered jyntbt-
jfteti.-ally.*
However juft this Writer'* remark be, there is an affectation fome-
times in his flyle, which is not agreeable. The above fentenee
discovers fomewhat of it, as does alfo the following : * Common
reader* <onfider this performance as no higher a fpecie* of compofi-
tion than A emoirs delivered with inimitable eale and elegance.
But to tlie philofopliical mind, nvbicb ftmirattt bfyond the furfacrj
8 ' ami
Monthly Catalogue, Afifieilawtnt. ;j
aW carrw/Tottr ttx rmyi *fir%ibt «« im'traaJ f*v*fit $%•€* of its briag
a aartfcadtcal piece- * rrguHr and complete fyitem of morals/
There see, tower**-. /Wei e:> oMervarion* iti this little patnphict ;
bat wt can by no axmi *£ Wat ccnfurc of the rrcac
aavd tmjy TcaCraUc Nitrn^, In page I ■. where tb.u iaimof uf gc-
l i* ijvrsAt tftke fitnAMXitti if Moral / **£>/£ r*
rere ton in any c. fuch i liberal treattnestt of en**
■oryofcbiiPautcr or Fh .Lo.iOHHits.isriighlj'inckctnt, and will
retorted by «*cr>- Jortrot science, aad every friend 10 virtue
ft- 37- -/ tailbfm Nmrmhtt •/ fw Csnvrrvkn «W £>nrtA «/
C«**e Strty't*, Un in** MtMt/Itr ef P.-*xr^.-.Pablif»ed by
1>. Mooter, ac emit**! I)i«in*v who wa* ordr.-cd by the rvi»£ to
prrpaac him for Drva. Towhie* i* aci:i- liitory of C
merold E- ic of till I.iipritonincnt to his death,
'teed from throrigimKicrmiin. Embrlliihcd with
tovHrjdiof both tf/C aohaopy Coantt. Svo. |t. Sewed. Liccc.
■
iccoant is ondoibcccly geasir.c, and doei credit co the bu>
tauetlaa to hii chtirAiUr as a ciiriAi-'i
Cotncttetidsti-in i* alio ilu» to Of . Hw, who attended Count
!. An s*ptsl tttbt Pnfk ba*V', on the lite Diffe-
rence between John Foibcrgill and Samuel Lrcd*; U> Ut as the
the Society wti concerned therein. To which ii
a I-c.ter w*4 to Dr. 1 by a Friend, while
was in Litigation. 8vo. 6d. Sold by the BookCdJcrj **
ml Exchange, i
rnVeni the Quakers to b?, in the general, a peaceable and wrv.
fee of people. »•>.' -which ieaf.»a it gives 01 fornr concern to obi
■ n which thty contend among iSrmi«!vc. and a« cun.
to tbeir own eltabJiincd rulei. Tnc Pamphlet now before u*.
net given no thcwntle-
men tinned in the 1 . Lud * inch hav now been legally
frtnmH in but frern* only intended to
Ic the oonduA of three perlbat who were the majority e»! the
ir» to vbofc d-ictmi. . :: -:i. conform jp-
ajiionp, cbe Qaukcra in fuch ca*V»a the alTait tad, with 1 lie
tt ofeacM
■.id-, and within thi
ird. 10 which I
ic was CI n 0 the cccr: 0:
which conrt cbe fjid aw4i
ihr d«f*o4taons of ih- 1 tort in Weitminficr !
isa»e oehee pnpen, are Lrre I 1 . the COflfldcfStlon o. 1
pobiic. B> wfett w« _. . : .. JicDce, we are led to
fjppo'V, tfctt cheic ' had en I to cvc;u:c. <
ddcitsy, the irus) repotedia them . bu; tiu Uuoai.-J^e of w-ny other
ttr**m*3* m i>-.:rr •■« tfcc form '';nent in thi«
cUr,— for wax of avhich we I .. .th
ciitamt; at>'j*i
' R % i i cj 1
74 Monthly Catalogue, Religious, &c*
Religious and Controversial. ' ■ ,
Art. 39. Jjhort Defend of the Doclrine of. the Divinity oj ' Qbrifi ;
with fame Remarks upon a late Appeal to the feriouj and . candid
Pxofeffbrs of Chriftianity. The fecond Edition. To which is
added, a Supplement, containing Obfcrvations upon a late familiar
JUuftratiom of certain Paffagu of Serif tare, l a mo. 3 d. Crowder,
&c. .
It is (peaking much to the advantage of works in polemical divi-
nity to fay, that they are written with candour and charity; it is
not often that we can fay fo much in their favour; but this praifc is
due to the little performance before us. As to its immediate fubject,
we have had fuch frequent occafions to take notice of it, that it is
very unneceffary for us now to add any remarks. The pamphlet is
a repetition of thofc arguments that have been repeatedly urged, and,
numbers think, as often refuted ; the writer intends it for the ufeof
thofc who cannot read larger tracts. On whichever fide of the ques-
tion truth lies, we apprehend there are feme corn-derations o tiered
by this Author, which he himfelf can hardly think have very great
weight, or which will not admit of an explication equally favourable to
the other parry; and we niuik regard him as much too peremptory, when
after having collecled fever al palfaccs of fcripture, he adds, ' If they
do not prove that t\ic Lord Jefus Lurid is alfo the Almighty Creator,
and, consequently, Very and eternal God, it fignihes nothing at-
tempting to prove any thing by fcripture ; words can convey no
meaning, but upon all language refts impenetrable caxknefs and
confufion.* We doubt not but he firmly believes^the doctrine for
which he argues ; but thus it is, too often, with warm writers in di-
vinity,—** Either W explication L right, or there is no truth in the
fcriptures.1'
Art. 40. The ExcelLncy of the J*wijh law vindicated: Id two
. Sermons, preached before the Univerfity of Oxford* at St. Mary's,
To which is added, an Appendix : And alfo a ihort Comment on
on Pfal. cix. and lv. Wherein they are fliewn not to be impreca-
tory, but prophetical. By Thomas Randolph, O. !). President of
C. C. C. and Lady Margaret's Profcfibr of Divinity. 8vo. 1 t.6d.
Rivington. »773»
This Author is an advocate for the writings of the Old Teftament,
in opposition to fonie perfons, -even among Chriiiians, who have
affected to fpeak of them with a kind of difrefpecl. He produces a
number of quotations from them, and in different views reprefcoxa
the propriety, the advantage, and excellence of the it* totes and com-
mands delivered to the pc; pie of ifrael. He offers fome jull conn-
derations, both in the feimons and in the appendix, in order to rfc-
fcrnd their law from the imputation of cruelty. To thefe are added
remarks on the account which Dr. DurelJ, iu his late criticifm ou
the books of Job, Pfalms •, Sec, has given of the imprecations in the
ICQth Pialm. Dr. Randolph is diuatisfied with his friend's ob-
fcrvatior.* on -the fubject, but he treats him with refpecl, and
effera ionic rva/on5 , which feem judicious and weighty, to mew, that
the paflhges which now appear as imprecations, Ihould be- tran Dated
ir. t:i-J fuure unie, and are to be cc«iudered as prophetical.
• '. iJ. Her. vol, xlvl'u p. 119.
Monthly CATAtOOOt, R/Srmtt&<*
75
:'\ it ftf}-, '•**£' *£*
Itrlferd C'fli'iVy/. With fam StriOw
m ax. SlviMMf tidt *vt>*r is tbir* ttmfiJtrfM, nt
}***•■■ flW h/waw, ii im s/tttiy im\rit*t9rj ,x*J ***»,*.
W. By i Mraifecr of the Urmcr i .. I
tRR.
Thrt emiUsts nth Dr. R
i ,~ ■
t'ro r - te d«^j nn* jmc. c^J co h- |
lb aod inci
'
•■ with a
riea ioch>
k ■ppron
I '. Dorcll <'.' Dr. i- uColpii, but I*b>or» to
fecor
on by Dr. St to, wba f
«s fcavr be*s proroi>n«d sj^inrt D
i0 title pJgp he lr«M
- hat iick e>a£i*ci a*c ittffftar*'
II be-
»ubr. Fl- arHtei at 1 man t>$ in£*" n
■
in he apprc*<**Ji to i»-s «. »
iti. *;. 74i J ■
tV/ ji"' S/rmtai, frr j '!•/./ ja r'* Par/A
LUr.v $/ S>. ' «y .'.
■
Royal Sue. Loand. Rtfin^try .
of the dtTa*«fBtio*i r . l.ird,
f 1 1 V no
•
The fctrth">r fe!!i
tkcconllfaai^n mi) •
">e»<?bl 01
- the
i ibe gic.ndi and n itifWem
■ I ct
■
. lie • iiar<c * n
itoui;..- rrmun I. — !II. treats
-m »nd eourfr
vc-rrHbiHty and ccmirty o toter-
ieMtM. Pin inr/-/-.., oofli|)j«ti*id' '.'I. emu
:tkcaonJ i to the dtJu^c j the
•do; «ii*i tSr propriety c
the /oiri. <. i'-|,tcV.CQfe&\«,
trmor '- i/rtw oj* dc mora, ftatc of the world bon\ \Vt &*-
j6 Monthly Catalogue, Religious, &&
luge to the departure out of Egypt ; the feveral di fpenfatkmi relative
thereto ; and the miraculous interpositions by which they were fup-
ported. Fart the fourth, comprehended in Sermon XI.— XVI. treat*
of the moral Hare bf the world from the departure out of Egypt to
the end of the Babylonifh captivity, the feveral difpenfations relative
thereto ; and the fuitablenefs of the miracles which occur in that pe-
riod, to the great end they were defigned to promote. Part xhtjifibt
comprehended in Sermon XVII. treats of the moral ftate of the world
ait the time of our Saviour's appearance — and of the neceffity of anew
revelation. Part the fixth, comprehended in Sermon XVIIL-— to
XXIII. treats of the connection between .the doctrines of Chritt and
the moral exigencies of mankind — and of the analogy between his
miracles and doctrines. Conclufion — Sermon XXIV.'
In Tome of the difcourfes the Author appears to be rather prolix,
and alfo, at times, to lay, perhaps, too great ftrcf* on uncertain or
conjectural explications and derivations. But his fermons are, on
the whole, fenfiblc, inllructivc, and directed to a practical ufc. la
the la ft difcourfe, the force of the argument is fummed and addrcficd
to the ferious attention of the unbeliever and the chriftian.
Art. 43. A brief and impartial Hijlory of the Puritans ; rtprgftnU
ing their Principle* and Sufferings, with occajiwal Ob/ervathm. Bt
the Author of the ferious and earn eft Addrefs to Protettant DiiTcn-
ters. ramo. 4d. Johnfon. 177'.
This little tract is intended for the information of thofe perfoni
uhofctime, orcircumflances, will not permit them to gather it from
larger performances. It is indeed multum in parvo, and leaves no
^ooin to fufpect the writer of mercenary motives. The revival of
ancient difputcs and animofities is not in itfclf pleating or defirable ;
but to remind men of the principles of liberty, to warn them
againft political or ccclcikidical encroachments, and mew them in
what religion really confifts, as diflinguilhed from its mere circum-
ltantiab and formalities: thefe are in troth important ends, and in
tbcfe views it is to be wHhcd that publications of the kind now be*
fori: us might be eafily attained and circulated. The Author aims
at impartiality in his relations, which is fupcrior to any elegaocior
ornaments of ftylc. He writes with plainnefs, becaufe he writes for
t;.::.t:ral inttruction; but he writes with good fen fe and perfpicuity.
Improperly obferves, that every material circumftance could not be
recorded in fo fmall a pamphlet, and it is probable he found fomo
,di.';\culty in felcctinc the moll llriking facts. 1 hough wc do not pro-
poft any long extracts from this publication, we find ourfelvesmuch
inclined, to infert two fhert paffages that follow, relative to the
adroinlftration of affairs in the time of Archbifhop Laud. « One
miniilcr,. it is faid,.was fufpended for preaching on the Sunday even-
ing, though it was a funeral fermon. And whereas fomc minifters
died to explain the queftions andanfwers in the catechifoi, and nuke
a f.iort pra/cr before and after, the bifhop reproved them fharply.for
it, faring that tvas as bad at preaching-, fome who continued this
piaclice were enjoined public penance.'
In another place, when notice is taken of the imprudent and
fooiifh zeal of Laud, anil others, in driving away manufacturers and
foreigners, it is obferved, ' One fobcr. hone ft manufacturer, who
Keeps treaty poor conllajitly at work, is of xuore real fervice to the
MoHTiur Catalogue, fidtfim^ e»v.
n
than he who lavs oar thnufandi in merely beantifvinf
oe eariching colleges : Land and his trt.iidh tan bttn
cried op lor tie tatter, *hM the irreparable Icrfi the r .
iSfldi by tieix slillurbiiij riccert in J induftrtooi tiadcfincn, ha*
located of li-.tle moment, by tlicir puncgyrifli.' The word
i, in she above pxffage, had bet'er, perhips, have been orrwttH,
ly agreea&c to the camtour All writer profctTct: there arc,
tfciadt, a Jew other iit&ifices of the Me hind. Th< Kccurtt pre*
Mr* Jcbb cf C-iubiidgc, though « ought to be publicly known
tad uuflaadvertod on. i>» pre apprehend, rather mifpbcH tn britf
ifcrted ift the a+vrrtijimrrt Jit thr hrgioninj n|* thi» pobliotioa.
irt. 444 *V*4v $trm*t t» Jljft^ By iIk Author ol Scrrnt>n* to
Aflcs. i ,-no. 2* Bladon
Thffc fcrsnons. fcven in number, arc all from oie ret*, ffc,
fudge* iii. a*. d*d tbt dirl f**t cxt. The r-rr*chrr a arch and
\ pouring ibr.h a torrent of keen fatuc. H * former pab-
• mi chicfiy ad-- re fled to the alcqnr . 1 mote
through the mini. ten w religion are by 00 menu unnotfirct).
before uiimoAun tholy picture of thr
thiagt in the ***r*r* hrul cf A/oa* ; b-Jt wSo will {tppaCe
iuth a «ielcrip;x»n ii ..pplicablo to the CWi/ian coantrr *>f Great
Uii. reader* cannot, hou-rver, be at any loT» todlfccjn tin
the fhrife in to ruo rar&tr /«t» ; but Inch is rhe «rrunti.«i aid
•ality ©f the ague loch our prorfigacr ard folliei ; fo Er$f«j"c are
J, and yet lb «| rctt anj opprrffive is the ioCrcallc£
which Wl raokaCf people from :h*
eft of Baonopo! h :uJera, and others, who are eerfcd
the mercenary and unrighcroui art? of trade.— that we rauft ap.
4 o»r latin*, and expretJ our wi!h that ifci*, or an) c
rtctit, c.ij-ht contribute, DOC only toexpok
ivc tic nay for a reformat i-?n of oar ci.m.v.
the book ii, with runic 1 . a&lrrfTed to thefe who peti-
tntsi agaiftt tfcebill ua Lvoar nf the iitTen
►rt. 4e. 7!6# £*£&/& Prtatb*r : or, Sermout on the pfincipil
SvbyeeUof Rclrgicw aod MoeaJ oi. revifed. ami a! . .
•Voaa tariosi Anther a. \'«L 1. snd IL i;uio. ( .
Johefcfi. iy?J.
TfceEJttortoftrsr'e toVi^r« appears profc&uly under the chamc-
aorof a compiler, wko»'c cmc?, he a<k»o*lcdg<?, ;,, a; U&, but a
f.txdrr grvus-.d of .-en NIC he proprily -J.I , i:;ai n .1 by no
BTtrracvrirhonr ia use to ire pabiic. He offer? fevcraJ «••'
'-.eoor, a'tivchu.? muH owi * ->nc?n<jvf ; parti-
enbrir in rrjja-d W (enn-.-in. The? iutnclt of a enf, a in the
lane/ refpect he th*a dekribcai ' while hefaiihful/y rcui.
■kiiu aad dii'tiou ct each author, be .Tioul-.'
ram of a difco 1
decree, the air of foer ^ j«f k
mons, and occaionally to charge a nerd or pheaf« which time haa
rrstdeicd obfohtte Of osTenaW. Tbe/c iranll 4icrri:ion> can t
julkctoibc Author, *J»i.. 1 cordnuc extant in tlarJi
iee- HcrJcn, moL xxxix. p4 IOC-
tTffKer.V.T.
y8 S e .1 M o n s.
aal form, and may greatly contribute to render the reading of the
ia.no. tcrn'ioiiAnore agreeable, and confequently more ufefal.
T he Authors made life cf in this collection, arc faid to be almoft
entirely Mich as apiiarcd between the years 1660 and 1760. The
number of icrmons in tho rirll volume is fifteen ; and they are the
competitions offome of our bell preachers
An. 46. Two Letters on the Subject cf Subfcription to the Liturgy
and Thirty nine Articles of the Cbur.b of England. To which is
added an Appendix, relating to the fame Subject, and particularly
pointing out fome few of the t.rrors in the ertablimed Liturgy,
By H.Norman, late an anfufpended Minor Canon cJ Winchelter
Cathedral. 8vo. 2 1. 6d. Wilkic. 1773.
Wc have heie a proof that a certain degree of perfecution only
fcrve:, to rcrdcr the fufferer more ca^er and zealous in the caufe which
he hath embraced. The Author has been deprived of hii minor ca-
nonry, which is the better half of hi; inc.;:'.;:; and though two
gentlemen offered I*1 do the duty for him, for a fmall part of the pay,
the propofal wa? rejected. This circumftancc, however* fo far .from
abaiir.^1, fee in > to have raifed his ardour for the removal of fubferip-
tii.n, ai.d f'«;r obtaining other reformations in the chiirch of England,
to th-# hi^ncil jitch. Wc can cafiJy fuppofe, from the impeux-fity of
this performance, that Mr. Norman is not what the wotlrf \\\\\ call
a prudent mr.tu But he appears to be, what is far preferable, an
lio:u u men, who Icorn.s any decree of concealment, where what he
apprehends to be the ir.'.L:ut or truth and ie':igious liberty is cdn-
cerrtd. Nor :i he dcltitute of abilities, though he hath yet much to
learn with regard to the art of compoJition. He wikc in too diffufe
and defultory a manner, an*' \\h ft ounces arc io infufferably long,
that it is fon.ctimes difficult :..• ;...vc ; ...:r £-;.ir.maucal conftrufiion-\
As he has formed a design of iu\ure publications, we would wiflr
him, ifPoJ!ib!e, to acquire a tr.r.c je;fpicujui, concife, and ace u- '.
rate ilyle. It might not be amifs tor him to itudy fuch writers,'
whether ancient or modern, as are remarkable for the clear nefs of • *,f
their language, and for the. ihortnefs, or, at Icaft, the moderate' *
length of their fentenccs. This advice we give in pure friend (hip, ::
becaufe wc think that Mr. Norman's zeal and fpirit might make him '
an ufjfuj author, if his oiher talects were united with -telle aod '
judgment.
N. 3. The account cf Mr. N— *s pamphlet was drawn np and ''"
fent to the printer before the letter concerning it was received. Ho '
has been treated with juiticv and candor. '>■':'
SERMONS. J ''*'
I. A Difeourfe on the Advantages tftbe hfitlar Situation of Great JiVjf-
tain; delivered at Spithcad, on Occafion of the Preparations for "'"-
his Majefty s Review of the Fleet. By John fionar, A. II. Chap-
lain of hit Majcfty's Ship the Cerberus. 4to. t s, Flexney,
«773- • , . *
It would be paying a very ill compliment to oar fovereign and his
-minifiers, to fuppofe that the late review of the fleet at Portfroouth
had no nobler motive than the exhibition of a fplendid'fcenery of
Varitirr.c cbjecTs for mere holiday admiration \ when fo fine a difptey
of
CORKESrOND'EKCC. 7.)
efotr n%9t\ (hmgth was eap*W* of com mimic tiwig C ■£
Jrtsaoacrov befao! our part, we arc »- Ung
r;ratJ&ed with a view tkxi may be foppofed to OQtrfc, a every
myeb. a .amnion, or any e-ife<T
fpotofe-r r«ry imrr:' ' the oc-
eaftcn did rot «ri<3j>r out n*Q* ufea: the he-neit purferofthe
lcn walls of Old ic
, a^J the hearty efcan*
..i.r in l!is pnjper exemse
mo:e. In s gotid tfecU-
■frralfcm* which, we l.o^e, will alw*y* ailu^tc
It- Preached in the inj, at
1 ' ; of ihc G
•raberk,
SB
aflitfc ou.* jud^iueoc in the rjgfct ui ; ul c; *ujri-
■
.jBf $f //*' Xty'ai: R at
ibsCuaeant, York, (use 1 . opcr,I>.Dj
•Wifce, an* V: ntfcetd, Yorklhire. 1 3.
White, ire
CORRESPONDENCE.
T# tbf AUTHOR! J/ 'A* MONTIUV R f »• I E IV.
KTLIUIK,
• T Ajti % plain bene!) haftundmno, nfco read rour K iefly
L j>iO$e£»ou. Tl
-Slrd. " An Itq: boa between the
>it: into my
bo&oureJ I) '. T r, lifcj; lxic Lord-Mayor
city. . |aij - , that
~-r, by co: add
. , iirxl believe
■ your rev:
-. dlord foca »c to Li* i I there I met a
rvuftdft to kaeya . r, the
-Uio/o/::' (Jet! to whom he gi
of j man. 1 . defcrvetrast caa-
iligod to my landlord for the peraul of
:*pMrt-
. ; -of thii perform*
in you; Li. .
c.
Ccnc. a> iiu> » dcmm**
tsi *edrr*ti prott for 2 coram-
whereat }OU 11 : - -n 1* u; » If pCTCcS
1 j; a c**ina>*ei farmer «..-. kkc*
worth? I:QiUct:d j £< I !ui .u£ b
Xw»
t
So Correspondence.
the pamphlet, and your review of it, I refolved, when I went home,
to examine the matter ; and, as the fubjecl appears to me of great
coofeauence, I fend you the refult of that examination.
* Mr. A t, in p. 142 of his pamphlet, combating the
Opinions of the Anther of a certain Inquiry, obferves, that '* he at-
tempts to reinforce the refult of his tables, by an eftimate drawn up
of the fanner's expences, produce, and profit, on ten acres, which
he would prove to amount to 6$ per cent, per annum for four fuccfjfof
jeers.*9 But Mr. A — ■ 1 propofes " to fet him right in fome
eiTential poidts, by ftating a true account of the expences and produal
of fuch a courfe as he lays down." Ibid. This Aate he gives in the
three fuccteding pages, viz. 143, 144, and 145 ; — and then, in p.
1-46, he affcrts, " by the above eflimatc, which I believe neareft the
truth, it will appear that the farmer may clear about 1 2 per cent, per
annum in the four years." However, he obferves that a great de-
duction from this profit is to be made, on account of the intereft of
his money, for the greateft part of the expences of the wheat crop
the 6rft year.
* Hence, Gentlemen, it fully appears, that you are guilty of no
miftakc in aflcrting that 12 per cent, is Mr. A t's own cal-
culation of a farmer's probable profit on a given courfe of hufbandrv,
I am, Gentlemen, your conftant Reader and humble Servant,
ACRICOLA Cl.EVtLAsDI N3I3.
4 P. S. As I am a free man, I mull take notice of a ieeming op-
pofition of feotiment betwixt you and Mr. A 1, which may
proceed from your different views of the fame object. Mr. A 1
calls the courfe which he examines an execrable one, p. 146, and you
call it a judicious one. See your laft paragraph.
* You are both parties writing of common farming, in which ma*
nnre and fallows are neceflary ; and in this courfe a crop of wheat,
a fecond of barley, and a third of oats, arc all neceflary to a living
profit, and therefore may jullly be called a judicious courfe, becauw
without them the farmer cannot live: but Mr. A t had
probably in his eye the better hufbandry, which is not yet become
common, viz. that of fallow crops, in companion with which any
courfe, with dung'd fallow, is juilly flyled execrable.*
•.• We did great injuftice to father Shandy's cftimate of the value
of praQiccd knowledge, in the quotation at p. 452 of our Iaft Re-
view, which we gave from memory. Inltead of pound, the reader is
defired to infert tun.
tfr We are forry for the under-mentioned errors of the prefs,
which, in two or three places, have greatly injured the author's
fenfe, ifl one of our extracts from Dr. Duncan's EJfaj en Hetpinefs.
The leader is, therefoie, defired to correct as follows, 1a tba
Monthly Review for June, <vix.
P. 442, 1. 1- fatEdtm, read Edent.
■ '■ 1. z8. for courts thee, read courts it,
■ 1. 41. for thine eternal, read internal.
THE
MONTHLY REVIEW,
For AUGUST, (773.
fnm lulj% in lix futf 17;* oWi;^, hy tk Utt
Jmf Earl */ Ctri and Orn/y. Pcblitricfl from
tbcOri^imlt, lottt, oy John Duncorabe,
Clu iiLordiup, Keeio* o< »ie. Aodrcvv'» ana St, Mary
fi*oi»aa'», a»J one of the Six Preeciej
tabory. ro. ji. 6d. boua.V V.
'T^ If £ S £ I tore thin a common claim to ar-
X Wftfioh, fiom tbe nam<" i )ds and i
Cer, already well known for hi* Tran ;jittlei#,
'••on the J u ol (htD Swiftf.
the woilj fey
ao accurate h<iito- i bis preface, hit fu'mthcd ths
ktUcs wiUi a vciv cjrxumllajociaJ account of the Jifc an J fa-
Lord Orrery ; a family which tm been more ennoble I
bj * hcrrdirjry li>.-e of (ciencc and literature, thfio by
"the Mi marks
by »J
c* a; Flo-
I »a eafy, ram-liar, description of thofe
through *hich '.he r^blcWiiccr patted
courfe oi hj* toer; and chough many ox" in* placet and
objccls ment oncd have been often dryly liefciibcd before, yet
hrre the n ; enriched with m»ny critical remarks, the
refalt <A uffc irii rrH : we nre not only gratified wita
.rable perloriagc? ; •, hut
cctJom of I eh came co the
i'a knowledge duiinj his rcSdchce EaTuica
Among the <! « troy be diftin^uitHrd ihofc of Lille,
Lrooa, Cuabcrj, the ?afl-,;c orcf Mount Cenb, Turin>
P-4Si
Vot. XUX.
■f R:r. rel. r. p. 407*
C YtttrvV
8z Orrery's Litters from hah:
Parma. Bologna, Florence, with its gallery, Pifa, and Leg*
born. As a fpecimen of the entertaining vaiiety in thefe Let-
ters, vie iball produce the fifih, daicd from Turin, 1 7 5+-
■ The city ot Turin, dear Sir, is not large, nor can it in any
fenfc be called magnificent. The fame may be faid of the King's
palace. There is a very pleafing neatnefs peculiar to both. Plenty
pf water, os in Salifbury, runs through, every ftrcet ; with this dif-
ference, in the city of Sarum, it is choaked op by filth and garbage,
in Turin it keeps the ftreets perfectly clean.
* We have, fcen the royal family, not in a ceremonious manner,
but as travellers. The King, who is in his fifty- fecond year, looks
much older. He is thin ; his ltature is low ; and he appears lower
by Hooping, nor carries any characterise, in his countenance, ex-
cept oi age -He has had three wives. By his firit, he had no chil-
dren ; by his fecond, he had the profent Duke of Savoy, and the
three FrincciTes ; by hi* third, the Duke of Chablais.
* The Duke of Savoy has two fons ; his eUcil is Prince of Pied-
mont ; his fecond, who was born fome few days before our arrival,
was immediately upon his birth, created I'uke of Montferat.
4 The King in his younger days is kid to have been of a gay and
fprightly difpefuion ; but foon after the death of his father ne con*
tracUd a more ferious behaviour, which is now growing apace into
the melancholy of devotion. His chief amufement is hunting, where
he takes all the delightful fatigue, which fo -mighty an excrciio re--
quires. Hunting is a kind of falhionable royafdiverfion ; at leafi,
innamerable Kings, fince Nimrod, have had that glorious incline*
tion. Virgil feems to characlerife Afcanius for future heroic action*
by faying, '
Optat aprum, out fulvum defttntttrt montt konm.
One particular anecdote of the Sardinian monarch was related to me,
as a certain truth. If the eagernefs of the chace happens accident-
ally to lead him near Moiucallier, he turns his eyes nod horfe as
fait as poflible from that cattle. His father died there, under fucri
circumi'iances as muft affect a fon. The account is not unworthy .of
your attention.
* Victor Amadeus, father of the prefent King of Sardinia, bad
made a conquerable figure in the annals of Europe, He had ap-
peared a great foldier, and was known to be a great politician. la
the decline of his life, the latter part of that character was not a
little fullied. He involved himfelf in a difadvantageous treaty with
France, and he degraded- his royalty by a marriage. The lady,.
whom he chafe far his.yrife, in the fame private manner that tie
"famous Maintenon had been chofen by Lewis XIV. was called -Ma-
clacie d*; Sebailien. §he was the widow of an officer of that name.
She had been maid of honour to the King's mother. She was at
that time extremely hahdibmc, but always of an intriguing, ambi-
tious temper. The King had paid his addreiTe* to her, not unfuc-
' ccfsfulfy, in his youth. The vigilance of nis mother, and U* own
' gooj juJgme.it, put a Hop to any fatal progrels in that «not& Bet
'nVding him&lf abfolutely conllrained to fulfil his impolitic engage-
' tiK-iitj with France, he determined) 'to refign nis crown to his fon ;
- — who
Omry'j Lrihrsftm ht4f. Sj
••dcr la foch cngageaiertc. might openly repi:r tbe in-
/vdicioGil*" »r had tifcen. On one and c he fame
Uf» Ama- -tdop Microns, an«i married
*)»ocn ie Kid not loot before created M
a town ifi ItjJy iu t'uc ciutchy ui" V
poWic ; bit m*
tannic: >f love na*J beet
td. The y.-ui-
d been fully IaQtuAvn
lecne or two of hit own. Ff- ,: i
King '■ . :! the
IikIi he owed hi' racier; wfco
fooa crew i*patirot, awi wiry of retirement, ami
to bei. (Krone. I lis ucn l u
£twi« to ta£c U ommand in tli<
•fa en !; repent-- • letf marriagr, but t •
mreat. Charxberry, in i:i utmoft mi »i wU too i
D, and had too much the air or" i prifon. to iJia
aaii .lltiiatc :J : .. uch rcfUcft minds. Tlie King and the
rjtUnt piv-:^ con-efforu'. tcntrj
i Turin. A plot wai forced. The-
c rcaJuac the reins of govcrn-
n»«*t. Vlctfurri to th:a end were taken with all pofUbk iccrcfy.
TWKiug compUirtc of :1c aii of
CO Idi complaint* with' the drepr.t rlliaJ artichmeot. Amadei
permitted to appro*** nraicr to :he capital. He came to R
that kaati»g-ica:f *aich I mentioned ic my IjH, Tbc all of JtJ-
li^recd wi:ri him. He *aa rufered to come Kill nc-rrr, and
#aa lodged, a: hii ovn rca,uc:t, in the caftle of Mc a noble
■ mb a » • re the cmbe:i of
unlijcr, boa kicdxc iaio a tfx-nr. The tire v/aj on the point of
•jj out. when the heat of it bejjao to be felt by the young
ind hi* tuinillcxi The* haj only tine 10 cui a»
ht w« v*ur de* a pretence of virning, bctwiJi
1 iffr iiieg the cilailL'l of* Tunn. In a mcmeni he be-
cajne kUlbn'a pnfocer i* the tiille of Monica I tier. Hi* wife W4a
f torn from nita. The;. ior«i H« was treated with
jcfpciJ. but guarded wit* the clofcA ihktijefi. He often dc fired to
proxnilc was not
perforated. R'ge, grief, aid ' Pent endeii, in left than
tOfOje.'. excel-
ifoa wjth fch mtridian gtoiyi Hii
■ ifeaer, i; [i oc JiACfffcc &om mc laeti i
i'ae oulf bean tic title c: Marcbionefi di Spigno. She i* fO:npfl!rd
fn refide in a m<-i H J rtime fr.e i» permitted to
»»fir l ioci is rtie couotty ; hu: never without a licence
|raatsed ia foim, aai fpacc by tbc Kin*, oor i> rtic fuffc/cd, o«
anr account, u> go to Tarin. Cotaioly lae ii rout no longct dau-
gcrotts, being reiy oJd, rery infirm, and enorrao^fly fat.
* Afr. y eonftraloed the pr ■ to *3 as
ardLj; bu: deip hu M.i the^ivtpr^0D« «tiieJk ti. fStHer'i ca-
G a Viv
«4
Orrery'i Lrtttrt frtm Itsfj.
(aJtrCfhe hai left on hit mind. Perhaps the late K!nf c
promt fr of rellorine the crown. Policy a"**1
■r nycrty f<*>n put a Hop to the dtfigai, Ti" any, of anfwering thai
i.ifc- The adhenccta :o the ion mdfl have been facrifced to
adherent* of the father. Perhaps chcrc arc chan - -town,
which you and 1 have no Idea, That fir it undeniable, few prim
have ever reined it without regret. The Emperor Charlea V.
* anted a lire in bis hoafis nt frugal the ntfht afcer he had jpren
np hi* pcfleiDc fon. Power OOOC loll ii fcUom renamed.
aud alwayi re deli red.
• TV King ©fSarrfinla is an ceeonomift. H> b frived in the morl
royal, and molt frugal mmncr. If the orhcen ©t iUte had act ao
Income ariling from ehcti r MtrllDOBy, (heir faUnes would not afford
them food or raiment.
' T! ■ i at Turin ii at prefcnt on the decline- Tliofc of
Caen and Anger* have the preference- The complement of Sar.l -
mm hoifcii was broken in *ipon by the ncteititief of the late war. It
kat not bceo completed lincc.
1 No clock work ever moved wi:K gnmci cxaclncfs than thji
court. Every minute fulfill irs deflitiy, and turns round iti owa
axis with the royal inhabitants of Turin. Already we ht>r beheld,
over and over again, the feme royal feeoe*; tho lam . and
the f*nie prtncclTei, in the uaic coaches, takic£ the air, M the Quae
hour, to :hc fume place. They fecm all mauled to timt9 and Y ore-
fume thjt it ii a kind of idi Uery to vary fcalf a dozen m:au:ei from
Ihr i •
• The tluce prince/Tci arc graceful and The cldefl ft
Wtiy hand font -ere born, I fear, undei Virgo. TLc whole
royal family live is union and happinefs among theinfclvri.
Kino it an excellent father. The Duke ofSavoy, a ifitinkaWe
i fuf fon. They are parti col; rJi Civil to the En^l ». i: -s an exact
and • grace fa 1 court.
• J mentioned to you the ncatrtcA of the palace. 1 ttould liat
confined myfclf to tne invade, mo:: part of tl .'.it*
being old and unnnifiird. The royal irtutmeati ;t Turin contort
Of a great ttu inter cf faiall tc >.n», many of them indeod oqly clol
but So dclxcawiV fitted up. fo elegantly furniAit ■ properly
•dorm J. that, in pafliag from room i -p^earsa
fairy cafile, Atnlafl tl guiftlc dec
Mte roy, not oneChinrfe dragon, nor La< mi bl if ii to h* fti*.
I mention this, betaui fe many of our ti.: uglaad u--e dis-
graced by the finul , with which ;hey tie crowded.
'A! . -ov ii in the Pit Let is filled wi rei, Noce
iidifrerent; moil of them by rne bed Fiejnllh atat'tr .
COlIofilon, rvcrpt 3 rtr imber, Ldojped to i'
iod were bought, Jtc*> by; Uinj oJ Sardinia.
' The floors of the KJH** apartment id, and Co
;, that yoa ticw yourftlZ ni you u l.c cJutpef,
which nymt (nt i the grear ■ not aaftveriblc to
part of ! It ti clean, bot.it
pillari tr. : muble. The hunpa tad :cp<r» ei
" u arid
Ormy'i -Lttuvsftm £ t J
1B<4 left caearfalorfi. A: the fi.-ft entrance it appear* filer x melm-
ctoiy caaufoteuo. An Kiijlilhrnan, in the height of im devotion,
would be tea peed to cut fc.ii throat in it. Bat if ifcc<huich>e* .re
4ki V,. ibe Jticcts air lighted by iLc laws of the kingdom. It. cry
coach axe a r oi.IigrJ to apj
A fevrre penalty attends the breach ot tin. edict, auJ pestem oj
rule arc la exact in obfervinR i:t that i have lecn lai'.ca walking
a/ter torcho by da) Vuriiwfc area people, *-ho «&£
£raod<«i in cteiy rtfpcct. general they air, rtgi &d txtrxpinn*
great <axor«otaitl5. One piece of irate is rery nnjjiil if ; notwithitan«d-
tng the bt-i pavement or the ilreets, and the exoeffire breadth of the
ken d«Ii. the oobitity coolUntJy walk before their chaj.- ; W cm
Oftfy be driven into ihofe leathern for:reiTci t) \ liege cH~
raiti, btfl, inj fiiOW. Small attacks ilicy withfuiid bulJly, and
serve a whole wiat<V« campaign in bo: .^ :he door of
their frdao. which reaasin:; more facrei than tz? Jj.-.Jvm /taifcna*,
and it impervious to th* bijfh prit&.
* The lib one fide of a very larre iqtare, round, throe
parts c<* -\l ;ich ii a p: 1220a mi&rably pateit, Dut.ani|i[ |
wop theoki town rebuilt, Turin might appear, perhaps,
the »oii eiegaat <:ty io Europe.'
While Lord Orrery remain? J at Florence confined by the
gtfmt, be began to coar.pofe an epitome of the Florentine hif-
lorr* which, wc arcjjiven to uncJcrltand, by the Editor, remain*
fti'll uisfir.tfncd, in msnufcrfpe. Of this nMtorj Ire ^itci (brnr
; anecdote* in hit Letter*, little to the cr^di; of human
nature in general, or of Italian manner* In parti Ctrl ir. The
ifteh l<-;tcr contains a review of the Florentine biftoriant, and
iottu4cs a very feverc chasa£tcV of Muchi.
At - hen lottcriet, and gaming, in all iu varieties,
crc, ao accoui aiian lut:c;y
may contribute to the amufement of our Readers :
.rage is oy no meant at prefcnt the charatlcrinie of the
>. Thcii libctu fu little tried of late year*,
their behaviour in battle is unknown. Superilitioo. tuned into
thafiafn. will make cowards brave. The I tie fbpa
rio«f, swt cr.iinilialii. Tbty tremble at tiuuder ; they hear groan*
in ch«rcb->anJ»: they fee hoefcs without head*. J hcv attribute
ercr d jttiJeat to the devil. They ire yinthed by evil fpi»
Deccsird fiitt* an .uneiiroet
r angry, foanttisBfl "" * placid, difpoution. Uh.it oW«M and
«gan, ChriJKaa prieRi ha\*« continued But oothiag, not
a*»«a rvKfarali, kr<[»5 up the ««in of fuperflkion in Florence to ef -
frtlotliy, ■» a ccrtaia lottery, tn&ituccd • ■Mncat for £aia
to th< priflee, and nia to the people I will endctyovf t» explain
it to
' TUre a_-» ainety •nraben. Yc-o t»;ri» cm a blank ticket, airy
ive aumbrra ynu pleafc, coouincil withifl the a.ioety. Few pur-
cbaam go brjond the renowned luck) number, tbfcc< riirl^eft
peiae it a Mam (fijt r*nce) a litlrct. Vow may gi> as mueh higher
G 3 •*
86 Orrery'* Lttttrsfrm Italy.
as you pleafe. Yon will be paid according to (he price at which
you pnrchafe. Let as fuppofe yoa purehafe £ve numbers for a pmk.
Jf one only of your five numbers be drawn a prize, It is of no cofjfe-
quence j for it sinks into the other four, if blanks; as a drop of wa-
ter is loft in the Tea. If two are drawn prizes, you are entitled to
twenty paths ; if three, yoa are to receive four and twenty crowns ;
if four, twenty-five xetbrtnr, A ztcbu* is fomething refs than tea,
Hulling*. If all your five numbers are prizes, yon are entitled to'
■n hondred xitbeens. I have already faid, that if you had bought at
an higher price, vonr payment would be proportionaWy eqnivafeiit
to the fum you paid in.
1 Thefe lotteries (there are two. one at Leghorn, the other at
Florence)1 ire drawn once a month, at different rimes; fo that do
ftrncHon conies round once in a fortnight.
* No inftance has been, or probably ever will be- known, of five
numbers anting prizes to the fame perfon.
*' Every poor wretch, who. can command two or three pml*,
drowns them moft eagerly in this ocean of impofition. The mi-
ferable experience of ill iuccefs has no effect on the mind* of the
vulgar. They, pawn their cloaths to procure money for ticked.
One of the officers of the revenue received a large fum of money .be-
longing to the Great-Duke. He put it privately into the lottery,
loft it, and was hanged. After his death feveral hundred tickets
were found in his bureau.
* The fuperftitious part of the impofition is thie : The purcbafeni
of tickets, in order to be fuccefssnl, rauit fall, during fix and thirty
hours;, mull repeat a certain number of A-vt Marias, &c. mull not
fpeak to any living creature during the whole time ; muft .not go so
bed;' muft continue in prayer to the Virgin and to the faints, ttU
fome propitious faint or prophet not only appears, but declares the
feveral numbers dertined for fuccefs. The watchers tired oat by ex-
Eiftatiou, falling, and prayer, fall aileep, fee the ftfnt, treat iM
rget the numbers, acknowledge their fbrgetfulnefs, owrt the goc4-
"n el 5 of the holy vifion, and remain thoroughly convinces^, that the
oracle mull be infallible. Again they buy tickets, agai* fall aftecp,
■gain fee prophets, and .at laft are mined.
€ Two months ago a maid-fervant purchafed five numbers. Three
came up prizes. She was. paid twenty-four crowns. She declared,
that the prophet Jeremiah,- in the drefs of a Capuchin, had named'
to her the numbers. Jeremiah is at prefent the taint in vogue. The
lottery fills more and more, in honour and confidence of that foa of
Hilkiah, who had Jeff influence, living, in the land qf Anatboth,
than he has, dead.- in the land of Tufcany. • *
• We heretics fufpee), that the real prophet was the farmer of this
branch of the ; public ..revenue, who, finding his lottery decreafiatg,
difcovered, at the expenee of four and twenty owns, an effectual
mcthodofraifing.it again to its former banefal influence* .
• I hare been particularly defirous to fet before yoa an otfaft de-
tail of thefc monthly lotteries, as they are glaring examples of the
method made ofe of, to carry on and fupport the' present, govern-
ment o* Florence. They are let dut to farmers, as are ajU.'Use otbar
Branches of the Grand-Duke's revenue.
,a **
Orrery"; Lrt/ft frm 2ii!}. <#J
* It it True, ftOM cf the nobility art prtiumcd to LaMf
f+*tt, ud **;**<*>, rn f© Jow a anfirncf. Perhaps they ^o rot. Kt
tradesmen dot and Icr
fleeces of tbt ie Jo»et people, uil! be felt, luoucr OB i-
1*7 the kigber.
* A gc^errirnent, fublifting by artjf.ce. and by oppre3i»* fchenxi,
i» a tyring/ i rfl inn.' Yet, bad as i I ii, ra*e !>*IoN»iin«i
cU/c sot < V.'irjc the will of the I ia«
topic are inrfctfjul. Whitnrr e.v
• >df? acainll Lit owe c_c
White- Kcyllcr anJ former write rfl turnilh particular details of
tb= amnjuuir?, iithitc&tfcc, ami painting* in Italy, iuch intciii-
frtKe -* trie above coropo(c» by much the mod -rrt
U" bur accounts i^f travels ; a:i<3 of ] :icry appear a»
by bn correfpo I > have been [ fible.
Toe*- .rt»clc with many cxcra&n would be to the pro
•ks, which aretobe comprehended :i» our (mail
*2 *** *■***• : ;,,,1y *M ih»-. j li tbc
N of the ;.:. .1 s [ ';;dihip, moir than
eft a warm picrerencc to Britain, ia one place he fay*,
if they were truly l
coc.'d U any decree convince rhetcfclTCt, of their own
*rc ihtJiMflrti Ktmrm. Let them travel abroad, not 10 fee
o», bur rcrcot jo
, '.Mil [ana and p© : .
iiomc perfec*U. .^Tand U
TrfirJ of naorr I r, and happtnrf.. than ail)'
tiw o«4rr bravea. W .ih ihdr a,]. ,h 1>- oar on*
u. to MoaUlOfl .ifid i
There is one p«fugc h:>wevcr notcifil ;ble with tlttt
i Cation, in. the tenth Irtt.-r, (peaking or' Or, C m W, then
Horatio Mann, the Fi'iciCa -, I the coort
. . and who '> id been in England Lord
— ' Tbc Doelor is much1
diced m of the Etigfrifh, rAeago he rei: ;
wr why hii residence among u* Ihct,
tin rc» ■ cr, whei :al P.jppo-
I reftdence hrre n either ?: •■!.,.. co, of proceeded
prejudice lint t lis peihapi, was mcrt-l
n not intendd 10 convey any fevertiy of meaning ;
far from pro/effing a a
HBplaiui r.l being arTe^ed vy.th the maiodi/ An
wratber i«t Ittlf. Lord Ot- rag in
May, foppnie- te4d|
uaeiner lit Italian iprinj; poJuces that delieheful *c-
crpeablc to tbc eye. and i? ornam: JriciOi iilacJs • "' ' H-j,
ao, n produces no fucb g .iy
tbe i> i) £riead, wUjc you are. Be aflured, you poffe
G a \%
■
88 Chapman on Education*
in a degree fuperior to molt, I believe to all other* European na-
tions. The temperature of (he fpring is aa various faere( at ia -E»^
land; now warm, now cold; now calm, now ftprmy: thcxijn*.hfflS
are remarkably heavier. Since I have been accaflomcd tp theipt-
lian raina, I think the clouds only drop in England, They tnelr in
inftantaneods cafcades in Italy. V/iro' you, tKey only produce
ihowcra ; with us, they pour down cataracts. In truth, the 'differ-
ence it amazing.' • < *
Thefe Letters are all addrefled to William Duncdmb*, 8%
father* as we fuppofe, to the Editor : fee Review, Jarniirylaff,
p. 26,: tbrntit. * ' *■
l j — u . : ; , W— t
Air. U. A TretUifi om Education, Witk a Skitcb of tht Author! J -|f«-
tM, By George Chapman, A. M. Mifter of the Grammar?
School of Dumfries, izmo. 30. Cadell. 1773*
THOUGH much has been written on the fubject of edu-
cation, and many excellent things have been faid uporv
it, yet it is far from being exhausted ; many important and ufeful
hints may ft" ill be thrown out, new plans may be fuggefted,
and the general method of conducting education may be greatly
improved.
- The Author of the Treatife before us has been engaged, 'for
many 'years', with honour to himfelf, and advantage to the)
public, in the important tafk of educating youth ; and if pcrfpna
of a liheral education, and long experience, would follow hit
example, in publishing the principles they adopt, and the me-
thod they purfue, very confutable advantages to focietj might
undoubtedly be derived from it. The different fyftems, and
the peculiar methods of different teachers, as Mr. Chapman
ebferves, would be compared ; the errors in each would be un-
covered ; and the moft proper plan would, at length, be iticror
duced into our fchools. r': ' ' " *
He divides his Treatife into two parts j in the firfrj 'aftcr'ILme
general, but very judicious reflections, he proceeds'; to point
out the errors which are frequently committed in training ctiit-
dren, ftates the advantages and difadvantages of public edur
cation* &c. and propofes a plan for educating thofe who arg
born in the lower flations of life — a fubject of ex tea five ufcfjjJm
nefs, though little attended to by former writers. .1 ;-* iov
In the fecond part he- gives directions for the cducatnaojarft
children in general ; {hews what care is neceJFary to- V* fiAek-
of their bodies, and in what manner their minds ought'VdW
cultivated. And here he avoids, as he does indeed through tile*
whole of his performance, all chimerical notions and refine-
ments, confining himfelf to what is plain and ufeful, and ftur.
dying tp bring into a fmall compafs whatever he thinks worthj*
of the public attention, whether obferved by. himfelf, or del j-,
yered by others. — Such parents as have not leifure, or Opftifo
tunjtj
Tw9 Lttteriy addrtfftd U tb* Right R*v, Pr/hutt &t. 89
banitj to confolt the many volume* which ha\c bcca written
Ofon education, will rind hH Trri if- p«
their attentive
h the whole r,f ir; am! the jreat
:pirirt£ youth . ovc oi vi
*;;;,' a c 1 1 - -'il'pofcl r;adcr j
_>te cpinron of the Author.
lie ha> fulyjiard to Ml I tortile a minute detail cfhhcwit
method gf teaching, whirh appear* t>> tu to be a judicium one,
and wet) calculate! Tor the irnprrr. youth, oocoalraa
ifc« frver*! hnr. atunr, but (what rs of in:.
ortance) »n virtu* ami :.-t. There are few
(«chr« Of youth» vre will vrnturr to 'fay, of k.
ace, to whom an a ttc.it on ta Mr. Chap.-run'j pv
o; be of con: . ft
-
Ail. Ht. T. .1 Litlrrj, *aa'f<JiS 10 tl* Xfyk At*- Prtisiti9 nvb$ *
Rn;jp*if,i' twit. 9ti>. ; i. Johifoo. )
\H E S E I l be- read with ptatfiin by every
s
itittcn upon
r. we »«d only give our Rcaieri j ipecimeaof the
a manner* si . , wili be
tor: •" 1 ; I contain many riobjc, rnanl),
liberal higheft importance,
tbey are exprc3<:iJ ivith j ., force, and energy.
Author coii'~n!crs tl ■> • that have txco
.2 extcnGon ol ci thM the im-
.■. merit* of the cuulr, and be enabled
:•"■ * mi ;i 1 upon which the
INIIciUCts* Bill v. uccu mitten upon
fiuSciem to ind'irr many 01 tt-rm, 1 » penile the Wl
peirotrnaoce '.
! bc&oM your late opfoCci.o (fayj o«r Author
to t.c weak >igeoe-.
1 >>t your U'L.
;-j5 reii honour withoct inr real
a nairOA contracted idea
anal boir-ui eatcre. If it was the eflbcl of bigotry an
, *% Ir^iflaror*, in »ving actuated bv lacn
.r-. It »i **-i» Btviag to rr!m:ioem that \ou punnr.rd the ftni
.7 fatten yp«*p the children* it waa alierly u a worthy cf" she
i4. If you ;hou;;ht CO ACCarapiith Oliifuiiuiu «.il
fii:a, ■ You aa<e r*kcn one important
[HjOuKOB ;, hive expeted
rfilvc* to in* miierx^K- re cf being hated cr dctptfed*
r.c tic !awj, yon .-.ill bran^ upon jourfclvti c
if jcu Jc: tlictn 6ccpv you pnxUio their improprie*.
mean to promote an uaiverfal cijiiformrty B
Ebe, yfta *bS aot crly liop :be mout^t of all the confubfctibia^.
$0 Two Letters, eddrejfed U the Right Rev. Prelates,
DiiTenwrv bat you mutt lay a restraint upon the prefs ; yon mu$
prohibit the intercourses of convertation, eojUay an embargo upon
theexerciftj of men's rational faculties. What an arduous taik have
you undertaken.'. Yet all this might have been avoided, without rifled
iag one, fiagle advantage, had you pofleflcd generofity enough to
have complied with the Diflenters* requofx. When I confider your
critical and diftrefled Gtuation ; in pofTeflion of ao obnoxious power
which ypo dare neither exert orrelipquifti, attacked by the enthufiaft
and th&irteth inker, importuned by your own difiarisfied members,
and perplexed by the difcontents of the laity ;. if you have any re-
gard for Religion and the interests of your country, my Lords, I pity
yon ; if you an attentive only to your own cafe, ambition, and f«-
cnritjTi my pity gives way to indignation and contempt.
* I beg your Lordfhips' candid fentiments, refpc&ing the future
conduct of the Diflenters. How (hall they a£t, fo as not to offend
the Hate or their own confeiences ? How (hall they preferve both the
deference which is due to pur Lordfhips* dedfion, and that which"
they owe to their Mailer xn heaven ? .if they defift, they give up
thcir.claim ; if they perfevere, and you continue to refufe, they will
be the innocent cautes of your faftaining additional dishonour. ,
,f You have put a negative upon the lawful exercife of our reft*
gion ; but yon cannot make the world believe that religion itfejf de-
fends upon, or is connected with, the will of the magitlrate. Von
ave limited the freedom of the gofpel ; but you have not deftroyed
Christianity. Do you expect we fhould comply with your reqoitt-
tions, or refiga our profemons ? Cruel dilemma ! But fuppoung'ws)
were extirpated, other Diflenters would rife up ; rational creature*
will always remain to aflert the rights of judgment and conference j
and iltall they worlhip no God, and believe no creed but yours t
The nature of things is not altered by your determination ; ana ngpt
and wrong are not to be decided by vote. Edicts and profenpupn's
were iflued out againft the gofpel, and yet it continues the farne
yeflerday, to-day, and for ever. Laws have been framed a£»in&
phtlofophy and fcience, and liberty and virtue, but they have nek
loft their reputation in the world. You may institute what opinions
and articles you pleafe, and enforce them by the heavieft penalties' j
but if they cannot ftand the tell of reafon, they will fall only t)q»
iboner for your attempts to fupport them. ,..,".
■ Truth, immortal truth, keeps on her fteady and glorious career,
and advances to that perfection, which, in fpite of your impotent
efforts,. Jhe will one day attain. We mould b; unworthy of ,thfc
name we prorefs, if we were awed into filence by the threats of pu-
nimment, which, be it ever fo great, the approbation of heaven
and .the teflimony of a good conscience will abundantly cosnpenfajc.
if yon tOe by what authority we propagate our doctrines f I an.
iwer, by the fame which was pleaded by the firft Chriftians, by ijse
reformers, and which operates upon every honcft man ; to refift itn-
pofture, however ancient and venerable, and to defend truth, bow*
erer fbrlakeo and unpopular*
* Yoa may take all the advantages you pleafe of your majority,
your public fafhion, and your power in parliament ; you may avail
.fourfclves of the prejudices excited again ft us* and propagated fr$in
age
. , . ' ■
9«
H
anttqoity • n«
t* and bonetl
gcoel c
mproT«mcnts yo» have made upon the ©rl»t-
t j.c conn lit i -denied *
and bote: only tor it» fetwrr re-. m may it prelenr 1:1 iv dlC-
aluOMta I ; *e appeal to T:-ft wr ■*>• at Cake,
and to ocr part coeeiuOt, :n conrutiuoa of tin* ndiculaut cKat^c.
zy brand *) «j dcith, became wr difpotc yoor aueh<>.
U If » be deprived ol the u'lrwn >n '
:<arfoh!/ tfiii n"rr:!nliiti'- all ir nnr ^m<W|
to the frcti rate, be the mnr< of bid fubK^*. *** defcrvc
Aat appellation. If to difttngmlh botwix: Cmiftinniky tod its eor-
rapciena. to picach «t<i live uadcr the warrant of fenpterr, and to
axadcaxe fctnd morals, on the profped of ilittc iwmortalhi which
ight by tie gofpel, be a fipti of deifin, we have no
>o to th* name of deilli.
rhc frequent ufe cf ihefe invidiam afperfioa* will take Oat
their (U»e* The world ii not fo ready at it h»\ heen r-> follow tbc
<ty of i few designing men ; the growih ot' here!}* and the danger
r"-adt«r foil nd ; thr nwft luveftn (bat
Mob art at UH fband to be piide, jrno.tioti, tW
Uiof jjaao, and the tpitii of pctfecoti.
* A audit your terdcr forio*: and anxioui foticltadc for the Aim
flf wntOmrch, fpare (o^
irfaw, which, ia thit age, iU ferret ye*r ©nrnrmlrririrm,
»ad bleeding before yon, white the Lcvitc only loo-fci upon ic,
ted the peieli paafea by ox the <xnc- I
* Kcmcciber you bad c-i.« an i than
fOtrona to contend with. Tbi fcitcn, whet: yrui »err* g!id
w •%5*8*> 'ik* ,u' wi,r »he weapon* of reafo* bi mtB to
caenwetd vt-cr cmuCe 10 heaven, and to appeal to the Oible ft« yoar
i. a^aiftA a religion armed with all the l\o;#der 0* the
' Ctn&der. if the pVa we urye has no weight in it, >o» woafd
iftfi haie tud the poorer 10 r»ake penal lawi, or to keep tkern in
perperaal tenor. Yoa K-erc once bt i-il 1. we, Yoai t»
•:->tir xeal for p«%nt* Chdftiloit* at tr.c llakc. Well
pared, it ;hcr ucic on);- the meani of erediatf
(amber fptritwal J *litli triey over-
had rccoflj compreboii'iinij all their
. and
■ *ni! j;t> . thc>
'.). nd dangers larfc
rrrejtJt, and ihry may fv-r:ii n. htto i knftw n«t what fifal errori.
;!J thm-; I d yoor> ivere the fame? Upoo
«/aaK d> ft/eat grouadt its the religion of this couaury been de-
fended >
!ar )«urfclica agasnQ any future conviction by a tjtUrioua
refolnuon oever to fcelierc any thing againft law, is foroethinj; lm
e_uUr ; tot to pretCLd to hold all the Pro te flams in thai kingdom
in the fame caaic, to forbid rhc li^ht of tmth to franc, bctaonV
g 2 7u» Letters* addrcjfid to the Right Rev. Prelates, ftrV.
yon will not fee it yottrfelves, ii the snotr. cstnardioary eatrtka of
folly that can be conceived* ■:•...;,. s.i) rnoVt
- V How much better would yoa bave confulted r*pa*arion,.£>fc<afr
lowing a liberty yoa cannot take away 1 how .much. ntore^dorajUgr
would yoa have fixed your throne by an aft of well, tuned ^generce
fity! with how much better. a grace could you have itroabfid|w1u
your own difaffiscled brethren, and removed every caufe of ftparW-
tion and dil coo tent ! ...-- —
* Yoa might have Silled our complaints, and put it ontj of- oar
power to make any freik demands ; as the Difleaiers mulupljqiiUn-
der oppreflion, they have diminished by indalgtncc, and you -would
have icesK them melt away under the beams of your mercy,, while
your -intolerance only ftrcngthens and unites them.
. ■ At this time of day, my Lords, when a fpirit of diffipation ranges
tli rough all claflea of men, when corruption is .openly avowed P.wben
public fpirit and private virtue are daily loiing ground 1 to what OtaU
we have recourfe for our reformation but the influence of religion f
But, when the maxims ofChriOianity and the Church are at variances
when fubferiptiqn to unintelligible doctrines is the term of admit-
Jion to -our feminarie* of inflruction ; when the £rft flcp to holy, or-
ders is a refinement upon the common rules of honefty ; when mt
degree of faith and zeal for it is only in proportion to the pfefilut
advantages it procures ; when the Chriftian religion itfelf is-not ls>-
gally tolerated, but under certain limitations inconfifteat xvitkita 'fs>
nius and fpirit; what can be expected bnt a genera) incrcafe,af]s>
.perlliuon and infidelity r Is it to be wondered at that your p4»oat,ojf
worfhip mould be deferred, your miniftcrs difefteemed, and yc*]r in-
fluence over public manners at an end ? Will it not be imanneo*,
that fuperior fanctity and piety are a mere pretence; .and .uuf
power, interefi, and ambition, are the foundation of your e^'tracc-
dioary zeal and unanimity > When thefe fufpjctons arc enrerta&w,
it will not be fuflicient that you have the fan ft ion of the law atotf*tfcfc
protection of the magiilrate. The appearance of honour and MttHL
and the veneration of the public, arc the moft laAtng Jttcnripes of
any constitution ; and when thefe are gone, your immunities) «b|
neither be held in peace, nor enjoyed with comfort.' • ; 1. 1 -.wr.n
. This is free language, undoubtedly, but it is the language ^jf
jnanly freedom : it isfevere too; but what language can be too
feverc. for thofe who have no tendernefs for the unalienable
rights of human natures and who, though they tjifclaioi Dev-
ice u tion in words, avow it in their actions ? 'laKQ
We would willingly put the moft favourable, coDftru^jga
upon the conduct of thofe who differ in opinion from us;,£tyfc
with the utmoft ftretcb of candour and charity, we c^nofjpQ^-
fibly account for the conduct of our BiGiops in regard -to, tfse
Diflenters! Bill9 on any principle* that are confifteut with their
having a fupreme, fteady, and unalterable regard. to the ho-
nour of Chriftianity, and to the facred rights of contcience:an4
private/judgment. ■ m 1 ,
In
Jn the Appendix to hit Lttltrj, our Author gire* an rxtraeS
from the writing! cf BifHop Hoadly, on the fobje« of rel.
ly, to^cth^r with 1 Ictrcr on the miimenanrc of (lir
-r, of the 3d of June, 1771.
me ten by
C wAs fi:fl
tio- 1 with The:; OfthOgrapty, Hty.
: life in V ■ >u: likcwil
M.iiiKi pcrlec'iiy i.mple *nd principally
pnefyfd, a rh< ' 'anmar, in mi..
Skjawsatvof SpereU 10 gefWr&J, and tbetfB ol the Kpglifli Tongia
1 1 a)/ fed ; ii.il tit Rudiments bon,
I, and Profod) slaved, b
Kcnrkk LL.D. 410. 1 1. Is, bound. Ri.i=£*.'..n '■:?}-
p^JL rvtmiclt b^ picfiaoJ to ibis an account of
JL/ fcu dedgn, h iv in the piq tbor *
bi*s, upon the whole, fueh -> ibc purchafcf gf hi* Di&aMMijr
wi'iilnd to be it uc. Wc Cull t!..
ofcxtra& ta with thcioilow*
iftfjwft, tbcugh perh»[* Irveie obfe.'rsiid
been remarked as a phenomenon in (he KttM]
, while our learned fellow fubjeda of Scotland and
*ing frequent attempt* to AfcCrtaJO, and
;:, the na-
atafclvaa teem to be liftls anxious eiihcr
. saosKMiitx ifTkp(uvcii»ciit of their own . fui futh
thusmlii I ttabUfltfncntOJ x rational criier:on of Kng-
iboapy, mull cctUinly be conlWercd, h is wdced mure
ntrt ami pfwloctall to fee the ufc and Meal-
liaeh criterion. The nitwo of a country* and p* t -
rpe-tiopolii, n ?et with n one of iiWtdiJEctiUies
owir to other?. Cufrom renders rvcrr thm^ til
or da ebry pereeire any of t h d ap~
i ■*-- tfrat itnke the ear c*f fucb M »=* *cc«f-
\t tire fiODC tunc. , (bat
>Ie of :n.: diffioi. lues and defevtfs,
. titltctl to obviate thco.. Theec fcen
ablxrVny in ihe 01. tenfion* of a rmue of Abor-
pperary, to tcich ihe n«iivea o^ J*onuon to fpe:
ive been, ncvertrielefs tnc rnodeft ,-ec*r<ifu
Scots 2\>4 Irifli, CO cflal'hils a 111 1 pn»
aunciation. ^ rtictlJ not bare fu ;ctcded is nowm-
Jr.
n-.
94 Kentick'j ntw Diftumry of the EngUfi Language*
iet. Men .cannot teach others what they do nftt thomfc|ve*
know : nay, had thefe enterprising gcniuilca been, .qualified i«
point of knowledge, tbey form to have been gejie^y .deficient
in that of ingenuity ; the methods moft of thcm.have.)iit upoiy
being but ilfcalculated to aofwer the cod propofitd. - The ex-
pedient moft generally adopted, hath been that or^endcavouricur
to exprefs the founds of fyllables, by varying their orthography,,
or fpelling them in a different manner. On this plan we have
vocabularies, containing all the words in our language, fo -hor-
ribly meramorphofed as to be equally unintelligible both to the
eye and ear.'
Dr. Kenrick gives feveral inltances of this kind, and pro- *
ceeds :
* The celebrated Mr. Sheridan has avoided falling in this -
erroneous practice, and very judicioufly propofes to diftinguUh -
the found of words by certain typographical marks to be placed -
over particular fyllables. It is indeed probable that, if this
gentleman had carried his plan into execution, he would have
fuperfeded the prefent work | as, whatever defects appcarpd 40
me in his defign, it is poffible he might have himfelf corrector
them in its profecution ; and it is natural lo imagine that a Win-
ter who applies himfelf folely to a particular ftudy, will -make '
a greater progrefs than one who, amidft a variety of svocatiops%
can make it only a partial object of his attention, it waa indeed1
with a view rather of ferving a * certain teacher hi the way of
his profeffion, than from any expectation of credit to toyfelf that
I engaged in this work ; the original proprietor of which, the
late Mr. Jacob Tonfon, being fince dead, I have been induced,
in juftice to his aJBgns, to publifh in my own name, what waa
projected chiefly for the emolument of another. The tfefigo,
however, I am by no means aihamed of, and, though its axe*
cution fhould be thought, by the learned, to fall {hart of the .
point of exactitude to which it might be carried, I flatter my-
felf it will be found of general utility, lefpecting. the practical
purpofes it was intended to anfwer.*
The Author then gives directions for confuting the Die*
tionary. We need not fpecify each particular ; but we may Idcts*
the peculiarity of this book, and enable the Reader to judge of
its utility, by giving the table of Englifh founds, or vowels,
ex pre Jed in different fyllables, by various letters.
N° 1. Example, Cur, fir, her, monk, blood, earth, &cv
2. ■ Town, noun, how, bough.
3. ■ Bull, wool, wolf, puftu
4. — — Pool, groupe, troop.
• Mr. Rice. ,
Kcnrick'i mtw DtiUffKOj if tbt Errjijh L**i*9gt. 93
N* 5. Exaanp hawl, cnul, f«»it, eft, George doth.
9-
n.
JX.
U-
16.
- Nca, cube, duty, bc*U) .
t, what, fcone, I'wan, war, .
- Ni>, bt roo*n>i 1:
- Hard, part, c^rvc, laugh, heart*
- Buy, lb *h, fi I, olc.
;, iwruc, lirjil, hrra;l.
- Meet, meat, deceit.
Jifli t guilt.
Why, nigh, I, buy,; hlTtj fto.
Id to the ikcJ wi:h a typhcr
[O) at praclil'cd in ti"C ODllo :.:c of the |
ck» « tod /cv , the la<l f»- liable* of >voic-i ciuJing »u**, //, and
r*| as, a for<4r*h ;>/ -.roW, &c. alfo h the fylixble frequently
: three ij liable*, as, rtvrv, a***?,
?**anrt. kc. wf\ico air in i/erfitkJtion foroctimc* formally
flftttCfnd m writing, hy the roaik of clition,
• Under 00c vt other of the munlcia coaipoGng the above
aMe, arc cwnpfeheri «ied all the fpecica of UHVmlt articulate
stand* contained in the Englilh language. Not thai (hey differ
■laagttber equal | only in tint.
Torre arc no more than eleven diftincl vocal founds of ditferen:
c««rit>ci ir 1 ecu of the number; fpecihed in the table
xofclled by the Jong 01 fhott modes of uttering cui tire
towel*.'
Ol thfi the Doclor gite: cxjipj lc; ; and a table of the mode
■Iition of ronfonantv
e uic o' the ublei will be illustrated, in feme rorafure,
follows n/, example. We will fuppofc the ttuc pronun-
ciation were icquircd of the word Ftfxintiitm.
ut the word Fa/tinosi^n in the Dictionary, we
with itt two accents, the acute and the
on the firft fyllablc, and the second on the
rtn«* , isia'tiok;) froen wnicb ic appears that the*
fcdfy1 <: fturplr and quickly accented, or forcibly
itonocineev! 1 anil the third to be ind ilowif accented.
rho«*e»rd is next printed as it i*; Hv ded :n<o rylllbloe accord-
rontrnciation, with figures placed over each sV-
to deterrrint its exact found* as the figures correfpord
thofcof the above table of found*: (ImsFas ci-sca-Tiok.
' Now, by referring to the tabic, wc find that the fcveral
fyUablcs aic to hcpro.iuunccd lik<
the numbers 11, 15, 12, l ; by which the quality dJ d,
oc the power ol ail ;h: vQwets, U exactly determined.'
96 Noorthoucl'j tllftory of Litubm
He then fhews the uft of the table of confonants in the Word
Oppofiti$* ; and fays c The fpeafcer "therefore, who, observing
tbefe rules, Jliould, to a due.obfervation of the true" (0W4 of
the fyllables, add "the true force of the different accents,' would
necetTarily pronounce all Engli/h words with proppetV.^— *
c With refpecVto etyaiology, explanation of words, and il-
luftration of idiom and pbrafeology, the Reader wilt find th.it
I have generally followed the celebrated Dictionary of the learned
Dr. Jobnfon. As the prcfent 'performance is chiefly ca|c -j! a:cl
to correct and afcertain the orthoepy of our tongue, I thought
it might be of fome advantage to its Readers to majtc it, at
the fame time, a copiout index to a work of very general Ac-
ceptation, in which the literal authorities, collected frompur
bell writers may be confuhed at large.'
" The rhetorical Grammar contains a great numoer, of inge*
nious observations ; but they are written in the flyle of decla-
mation, and calculated more for thbfe wfio arc proficient* in
the language than for thofe Who are learning It. A gooa* Eng-
lifh grammar is an object which we may probably continue Id
witti for, till the ingenious men of our own country tuni their
thoughts to their native language. « ... rj
We conftder the work before us as very commendailf £n iiuJ
view ; and we wifh Dr. Ken rick bad proceeded on a Urges; mi
better plan; corrected all the miftakes • of Jobnfon, and fwp*
plied his deficiencies and omiffionsf. What he has doncyhow
ever, may be very ufeful j and his Dictionary will greatdj'sxtt
foreigners in the laborious tafk of learning our language. '■ '*'•
9 Some of thefe are, unaccountably, tranferibed Into Dr. J£w-
rick's Dictionary : we fay unaccountably, became the errors Me, .la
molt inftances, fo wry obvious ! What will the Reader (at, for tar
ample, -to the fea-term Lttwar/, fo common in every book of voT-
ages, and almoft every news-paper ? Leeward, Dr. Johnfon tefis
us, and Dr. Ken rick repeats it, Ggnifiea *' to windward)" whereas,
in truth, it means the dirtS contrary ! ■'
f Now we fpeak of the omifllon of words, of no mean import* is
it not remarkable that none of our lexicographers have taken notion
of the word Nine, as it ftands, in the writing! of oar poets, toe. re-
prefentative of the Muses :
«« Ye facred Nine ! that all my foul poflekV*— r* PoPB.|;i
Art. V. Noorthouck'/ Hifiory of London conceded; See Ourlau.
HAVING, in the former part of this article, exhibited a
brief view of Mr. Noorthouck's plan, and of the fources
from whence be has drawn his materials, we proceed flow to
five fome fpecimens of the manner in which he has executed
oth the hinorical and the defcriptive parts of his work. In
doing this, we {hall diftinguilh fucb obfervations and derails
as
6
Ncortbc uck'j Hifirj rf L#4*u 9 7
m appear to be peculiar to the Author, from thofc which ara
collected froen preceding compilers.
At p. iit we meet with a enncife, our-linc view of the feu-
1 amc of goVcrnrrierit, to which this iltand, «» wefl at a conC-
, \t»j once fubjecled ; and this he doc»t
in order to ih«*», thrwgh the courie of his work, in what
auaaccx thofe inflitatfioBi were gradually fubvcitcJ by the f.ow
operation of the fpirit of commerce-
i-cft iv the i;rcai charter of the Engltfh jibenxa, he
reprobate* it (aa others have veiyjuRly done) a* declarative
ooly of the feudal rights of" thofc who dom«oeercJ *> loidi of
■ry ; but heobfervei that It tore no reference to t
like/ties of tae ectnmen people.
Hence be dj^er: tf c origi-i of the infurrrciio.n under War Ty*
vJ Jack Straw t io famous for their bold artd defyeratC
'■*n& fchenie, for their hotfid outrages, and for the excraor-
rfLnaiy manner c ypreffion.
P. 122. Here are fooic \ety frnfWe nl:frrv.i::r.nt on t*>c
^*nge» which happily took place at the time Ol tne ac-
iofgdurajj VI.
• Gorefr-nvnt at th'i tune, fry§ he. hrg*n (a a fat po-
aa. Ta« aneteot nobility kad b#cn inceh 1, by
-c»5, attainder*, and execution-, do:ii:,
rm*o, bcrver-ti the fainiik j of York Bad I the two
a wh -*n bush claim wer? united, had nlfo, from oao>
-oJley, «f» ' 10 depreli the .'r-rmidaHc povett t-i tba
aaWi. by eU*aiing *nu otofcm . • pffieej <>: ir..ii aa ataj o>*»i #
co»operau
tx<mrrKin: in their U-> lativc re-
h1 wiiilc i had mat*
gUa.- c acred
t»,e K3%2<5«ci Iran t: 1 i rewiVfCtl ic
laaWpAadr-
ifcrtj- m*e&»€% »a4 fftnt
.... • . . •: - '.
bail ffftJCTi.3 t«C
her* aVua . call a usij:c«ar,*glo;jc» ever
it
v at tend 1 *-v
TU
■ ■
taaaxh an prcr-i
a v» . u
1
J; 4 ;> litl
■
rnJred lew rtftt
ii
fc
98 NoorthouckV Hijlory cf London*
*n any age, or any country, where the caufes of thetn nave not
been /r/f, and the reafons for them ajerttd, by the* common
people : — who, as our Author elfewhere remarks, « felcfdtn fajl,
in the dtrnier rtfortf to redrefs themfelves/
P. 136, we have fome remarks on the populoufnefs cf our ca-
pital city. They are founded on Queen Elizabeth's proclama-
tion againft new buildings in London. The proclamation rise If
is inferted, by our Author, in his Appindt'x,
'. ' To indulge, fays he, in a fhort digreffion oft this polar. The
aftual inconveniences of clofe dwellings croeded with IftrBatw, ctc-
not be denied ; the frequent contagious diforden were a fatal proof
of them : but as the people had not then found oat that opening
their ftreets would enable them to live more healthily and goaubo-
dionily, which would have been the belt motive for cxtendiagjthe
city ; fo the apprehenlions, expreued in the proclamation, proceeded
alfo from narrow views. A metropolis fituated on an open navigable
river near the fea, will increafe more in proportion than one not
having an advantage which affords an eafy carriage for the' ncctlTa-
ries the inhabitants require. The dearnefs of provifions in London
is ilill attributed to the enormous confumption of ncceffarfes hiTti
but unlcfs it alfo appears, that thefe high prices are owing to '4mr
markets not being futticiently fupplied, we mull feck for fome other
eaufe. The gradual enlargement of a city enriches all the couacry
round it, and extends its demands to the remotcft comers :< it alio
affords employment for all the fupernumerary ufeleia hands that re-
fort to it ; which fufficiently accounts for the objection e&ea made
againit the healthioefs of London, notwithllanding all its late improve-
ments, where the deaths fo greatly exceed the births *. A petto
without knowing this fact might with a little reflection infer it:
multitudes who were born in various parts of England, end their
days in London ; and numbers of the inhabitants of London:besn£
DifTenters of feveral denominations, no regifter of their births ap-
pears, while that of their deaths is generally recorded. . If it is re-
plied, that London nevertheless appears to be a gulph, that eosttk.
* ' Though the operation of trade has caufed a progrefilve ln.crealb
•f the metropolis from the fir ft, yet this increafe has been accele-
rated during the laii thirty or forty years, from a caufc well known
though little thought of in this point of view ; and which hai"af-
iccled other towns as well as London. It is found upon an average*
that the natural fmall-pox deftroys one in feven ; it is now above. 40
years fince this difordcr began to be inoculated upon prepared bo-
dies, of which the Bilhop of Worcefter, in his celebrated Jermon on
this fubjeft, informs us, but one in 500 were found to die: hence
in every 500 children inoculated, 70 lives are preferred to fociety,
though few reflect how much this circumflancc mull advance popula-
tion ! Since the Biihop of WorceAer's time, the hazard is a 1 molt re-
duced to nothing ; and the practice obtaining chiefly in towns, tbey
will hence increafe fatter than the acceffion of new coiners will oc-
Cafioc/
8 anally
Nooctbouck-/ Kfirrj rf iWaw.
99
req&irtt filling ; it [hoald be eonWcred, that it no: or-Jr re-
iuaia co raitouj part*, A merit a and too
7 J UbflUn tt[«f fubrf,
and the thr .r» of geird?, art generally fmrht mea. Rapin
:ra that the held wa* tco big for the body; but the
&aneial eiicuxiflaoces of couetrie*, will alvriyi prescribe II 0
ua growth of citin ; whll f red. London, va
: ee.target; ho* long thit inemaeat may ccMtir.w, can-
ce- F<ih»p be rorefcei may Uiclj be preyed, that when
(be *»p*cwt*tioa becenrs iiijunou:. it »itla like al] oilier natural
•rib. correct iufcJf.'
ajmoft onnfcrtarf to fay thit we thin* there it grcac
tcaauo in what Mr. No^rtbouck ad/anccs in the mtt% wbeie
he a«o»**tt for the lite gr-at irereafr of people in [x>ndoe»f &c.
trcA tbo happy efe&s ot -■ociilation fur the fat*] U pox ,
of <wt Reader* will recoiled thai wc b*l f;mc
*> in the 44th vclume ot our Kcrietr, p. 1$ — 16.
.<< ijic-t of the public efteeli of
Cre 1, he bw the following remark on the
to the ftfpe/iof tufeota of the
Pfoufior ; and on the mi of that ttero to the cftaratlc;
mi a real patriot ;
• Wr are cot to i ayi Mr. V, that after the ancient go-
waaaffl* was derlroyed, ar.d no certain plaa was adopted CO take
atarco/k. tkc taleats o« fowe 00* man ihoiaM enable him t.i K\ al-
low up the whole power su tiiuordacly excrtikd. Government I
ttttstwbnifton: but tii.-ii'e t . m 1 .1 • ut raanfly feoavft aitldeJ
iit are molt readi , promptly enforced, and when*
afatdianc* i» bed! re*.-a'Jtsi ; and 1 nerally happen when- pofrer
in a iUrJc band, wlncb nmyaceoou for ComweU'a cxalu-
!I gaTerametn teems to require a centre of authority fomewfcare
•oeweyxc lag ilia* it* orji of great bodies,
anwrm regatirlT fwmeJ, c by majority of votes %
»*kk peoceedintt, and defeat*
kUh b
»' a re publi-
-:he!rt"i g at ta«e
inited, it 11 ia"irr»a-
ihrlC , as
it pioden" to make
re tncy ate caafcrred.
b anagiftratea ti authority delegate th*e*c<wu>e
iplo ot . r»t, <On&!t
g t|tc laitei ...7 in lubardtnauon .
r *»9i Urate mar b in digni - •.-, to aar
ioij«i4o*ls wkicb politic; but it It th«
urna.:« only c«x" ihc irrera! p*rts ot ilis boJj, n-.iatever i,s l.ami
U 1 ti^f
loo NoorthouckV Hiflory ofLytfw*
may be, which conftitutcs lawful abfolute gowcr : a>n,4 ffldtXejifft/jS
Is found in all Hates. . . -v-i'-ik. j- lt\
' Neither Oliver Cromwell, nor Julius Cap far, weft' perhaibf,' ac-
tuated by public motives, to eilablifh their pergonal avtbo^iifir; Vren
patriotiim itfelf is very teldorn untainted wich prHva'te -Jiewivfft
when government is diflocated, and a'ftafciotf blftracUa By-tfWWt
partic:, it admits of a q uefl ion whether a »m •f4aJent««a/nWC'<a»>
public for vice by taking the helm of ilate into his a*/%iliind$,-aaA
by an uniforr. lie c rage of the whole, afford *re^»«c>rtax,<aof*£w
to rectify the fubordinate pares of government f -Hi* fytrr^kfte^rtM"
<fu;l mull determine this queltion. The event (hewed thaf,n Ifpmc
was then circumitaaced, the patriotic Brutal and CafaBJ,.wcre MmV/f
enemies to their country than Ca far ; who in, the main &havea\w*cFt
and the mecr cutting him off", only left hit feat vacant ror'far Worfe
tyrants to fight for. Here the paraHel fairs in part, arfMim <fl ed*
natural death, while rhe elonds of danger were gathering 'over hit
head : and as his character will admit of BO cojapsrMbn-whb tftit
cf the unfortunate King, he contributed fc 1*rj*W; to1 tftrftrt^j'^fo
perhaps jt will do the memories of Charles H. ' and famrk'n.^B.r/^fcr-
vice to compare them with Oliver Cromwell, fncl'as lii cwflf rf-
tuial temper, and that of the timei, farmed him. ■ ■"i'Sf*T
There i& r.o doubt but that the neceflities of the tjirMs.l
Charles I. was halting to his own deftrudioti, CaBM for
a man as Cromwtll, whofe ambition proved happily inflrui
u\ to ihe public welfare. With refped to his patrutijm* 4
who contend for jt may raife a fmilc, but toe qsWftJQa.a/jil
barely bear a ferious riifcuflion. ..-»•#
P. 208, we have a juft reflection on the condufiof Geaesal
Monk, who certainly loft a fine opportunity for fcridHng aid
curbing the headitrong unmanageable Stuarts; '■*'»
* Whether Monk, fays he, originally intended the nrvoratfoa %e
finally effected, or whether he altered bis views according to ereatti
i; was icmarkcd :h:.t during all thefe meafuret, he maintained no
correspondence with Charles, ^r:d always proreffed himfelf zealots
for a commonwealth. Hence he has been reproached with diffimuk*
xiun by fome who nererthelefs were willingly deluded by a frt of hy-
pocrites who fought only worldly power, while they prorated in their
long canting prayers to fitk the &mt. Let it be remembered how-
ever that if Monk temporized, he laved the efTufion of bom btood
in a work that now became ntceiTary. One cirenmftance was indeed
fatally wanting to ccmplcat his merit with the nation, and thii was
to receive the exiled Kirg upon exprefs conditions, for the limita-
tion of his preiogativcs, tnd fecuring the liberties of his fobjeels.
Charles then without meney, without power, and a refugee, woohl
have agreed to anything; but this fine opportunity was loft by
A?onk's defirc to claim merit with the King rather than with tho
people: and fu rely no man ever lefs juilified the unlimited confi-
dcrce placed in him than did Charles II.*
In his 1 4th Chapter, 6. 1. our Author has introduced 1 com-
pact and Juccinct account of the great plague in London, which.
J*oorthoucV% /£/7»7qf Zwkfafc tot
Voice o»? in 1664 1 out, brief as ic'il, X couM not *ut
[ion | and il is iiK«pi^jc-«f an cxti
a^», 15, ct*t:inue; :hc Authors 'i die
ufCWka II. Among other tin .*%hc recite* the
JjHB^JubU- procUouikxi of W« monarch, fo/Ojpttuig tip thfl
ii«hfiafri ; and *JiKb hie Majcily had 1 nl-
9KH to -flue within a rron'U', 1. ■
im& <*ru\\j discd wiia ihc corporaii. ;atXjV>IJ-
r« tKci/ I JDtiJ.May^r't. 1 >.".', Oct. ?cj, 1675.
it f<«M that hiv Mjjfcfty'j r«i r .:■ - bom'en^p;
tinmen:, CAjSjfci him 10 ra
1;* fubjcCJt : aiiiJ fomiliarilj,
rdiah ii$, hrcecU contempt.
h* rhe King afforded thi
■
I'::-.:-.
or*,
Jiijrt.b:*.
[m iKit 4 piocl.i : ...li.-.i '«j^ idaed DccetDo;; i-th, for
all ooffechoufes, " Bccaofe in
1
Jf** *mi '.. icporti, were devifed jnJ
iiuKJon 0* Ins Majetly't government, anj
;*aJ peace ol ibe rcalai." Nothing it
.1 it j» really *n
<|i' .• he jppiifi! ivi:h inun-
talttv iri fc feme, " Thtrt nc;^j b'it t ri -.ht and malaitfg
^tK-'* F.ii! £oye/nor» only b»vc caulc :
cm? i««ott&ot cxpcrict»iQ (cachet, thai no uj>;i-!.t ■
H*-trea«e*i b;. hi* people-: «M he contrary he it coniiJercti a> aeon
moo bi«eJ. and tbey ara litft bHff
Bt when they are equally
iljrpf a pcrnictoua kau\iwy. 'llius much >.
ol in !gi . *«ra
I
1 trailing
i^M"! ! u:i and retailers < n *m
rxrTccfcoufei unnt tbc i^rn of Ju
1 ■ :••'.', r! :hcm I! -
<ir read in them ; .ml
front declaring . Or dWvlgia;;, ..
faiaeaad ftaoJaluy; 1 rcporu -
. t ! - .!,: n
•i rtfi?**, *m>'' ! the t/utb or f-lichocil 0] 1 E<
company he cntrrtaiacd! tad here the
: Charles Irred in iliefe lefs a:>d h*f« ceo -
Uad voucnufed to ;c; royallj cn-nic with a L t«
102 NoorthouckV Hi/lory of London.
Mayor, the prefent rtce of citizens would hardly Tia$is DefcfrVery
fevere on fo jocun'4 *» occafton : or had they becn'difpoiedfjo
animadvert on hihi with even all the freedom of theff Willce^
and Liberty t*Me^ To merry a monarch would only have iaugbttf
at them altogether, — or he would have contented himTelf with
cuckoIdUHf*rew of the aHermeny by way of revenge on tbo
whole bpoy* corporate.
, Proceeding to Chap. XVI. where the Author Tpettfcs of the
part .which the city took in effecting the ever gloridtnVRBV'O-
rjjil "ci'on, we meet with fome digreffive and very juft obftrva-
jfahs on the caufes, both remote and immediate, which contrj*
'• Jutcd to give this happy finifhing Aroke to the formation of our
' prefent constitution of government : but for theft, too, we muft
iefer to the bock, for want of room.— Our Author's very brief,
tut impartial hiflpry of the Union of the tws Kingdoms^ is wor-
thy of notice, and is to be found in Chap. XVJII.
In Chap. XIX. we meet with fomc pertinent remarks on the
pbligation of our members of parliament to obferve the infrac-
tions of their conftitucnts. And here, while he ftrongly aflerts
freedom in writing, as one of our greateft political bleffings, be
-introduces a fhort but fevere cenfureon the illiberality ofthofe
political writings which are (o much the difgrace of the pam-
Shlet-fhops and the news-papers. There is alfo an excellent
riflure on this head, in the celebrated, though unpublijhe4r
Letters to Lord Mansfield. *• Nothing," fays the fpirited but
cindid Writer, " appears to mc more difgufting and delegable
than thofe abufes of liberty which we have daily occafion to ob-
ferve, and thofe illiberal and indifcri minate attacks made upon
all characters, however refpecVable. They are doubly deteflablej
both on' account of their intrinfic enormity, and becaufe they
proceed not from the heart, or the real opinion of the authors,
but are the fuggcflicns of faction or malice, conveyed* to the
public by thofe who meanly proftitute their talents, in writing
for others, what they neither think nor feel themfclves."
Mr. N. has like wife, in the chapter laft enumerated, ivith
'an honed fteedom, given us his rational and manly fentimenis
on the famous feptennial act, which he totally condemns, as
founded on the mod fhameful leafonings, and attended, as ex-
perience has fatally evinced, with the word of confequences.
lie alfo very laudably contends for an extenfton of the privifegi
cfeleftiony in a manner I'uiteJ to the great alterations which
time has produced in the circumflances of the people.
In Chap. XX. he offers fome icmarks on luxury, idlcncfi,
and other fources cf in. morality in this great capital $ which
lead him to a proper cenfure of our criminal laws.
Thctc, he obferve?,
criminality
ie obferve;, ' do not fufHciently attend to the degrees of
: and though it may found like a paradox, the a&rtion
NToarthouck'j HiJ&y ef FawUh*
10
I
ierc for many ofFencca, while it U too
R'^M< OonUi nr>t be
;\ the puiiJI'-UKfl is too much, coder rcinTcir-
jlt Prnc:nt men ire if* to think
fcvcrrfl exertion o Eawj'-bwt defperate men thiak
chrnrifc, ;nd brawe a piiroihrnent wfcv ii fi> o,t:ir i i nn all
t*arircifM t nor i< f>«re jj» execution. eihUmet], v wb:c ft act » of theft
tie Mt committed ia G^bto: gallows. Murderer* alfo,
&--«ld Mvti be haogod. and for timf>Ii.u re* foe, becaufc the
u jjiii the atx /jri'fcr.;, it tticithckk f*jl> uf pre
■ :ppear* atfuiJ to l-vilh the lire* of men,
• yoong, and who nay be'appiird td tnxke lorr.e re-
- iir% Aef do (0 Society. By offence* again ft
9. rriti: forfeit ill claim to piotofiicn from them, and ought tohe
■ed*o*trr t to rhe offended ; A flair
. <r for other twin* proportioned t? t!i- crimes
. would be tic fevcrdt pani&tnerM the
*ie coold be Jooxed to. Waco r.cn ate lunged, their fuJcr-
i.ratary and taey arc .: /gotten i but when enn-
Bed to hard, enwtalribcac, or dangerdut labonr. ir»-
(e ; they live iuiktiig exiirpU* of tie coufr^ucn^es
ei-^ evil to other;.
tcr may perhaps expofc hsmfelf to cenfure for the libnty
rafcen of introducing his own opinion on affairs that m
: e dcetard too far rcmoecd from hi* out** flatten of life,
U otfered swth errat modeAy and diffidence, tic wculi be lorry
appear dogm nica: ; but there arc conui:eiiuaol habits of tfcuiking
itc bodily features, • i oce man
:bcr; and there it a guarded nv:;!
•ncodi more policy an J latent fufficiency. than he yet pof-
ihoogh they may (cam de -prc-fled, arc
I J aa axioms i but . -, and
<p /natch
Optcrtuoiiy, and wi!l cnnfiderevcn his mora .-.% i -. if
• y of tlem laoold lead to clca" points
interai'ins* to the p. li.se welfare. Before the f/b,cct of
«,y be aided, thai h)icu laws upbear, or I
it a i 'i alictiu
, itiry oug]
\ &sii/W
due tu laws in general, erpole il< !
I 10 Ct i
BiOtc l:ab!c to
he Author" i plane toward that imhec liiiy of rna^'llracy,
ifteo, and fo (hamcl'ully ahufed. under the factious name of
Miner, ii certainly wit. i * cnemka of focicty are
>p the benefit of miiUken lenity ; while
•!»r remains the ricUim. Kings and Princes, who arc too
taffy kd iocv.cnJ their clctncr.cy t^ unworthy objcc.s, tooof-
£2
leg.jiKd^ahflajt^fJfr^^
and ibout\jbta JrdMeja%^iMa*w*f -<fce da^aWrwaampk of
other aiiprt4i|M»Mmfta)ty ereareo1. hW dofautfofcm of the n«-
tferow-fc»«»fc»«a JoAWf? of ■n.kiytfi,'' with whi?h the
couiitrr «tt pWMWb,3 VcOT*c4ltoc4' o? fte^i^iefc of W,
33raftSi!SittSfGfi&s
^ JNgt .J»fa:»W book, He hat lakewifelgirantvAbie^K,
incereflijig >«cco»nref ike fruitlcls atttoTpt to- eflabilih ari irni-
foimhy pf weigbCi VAd mtafures ; arid ^ his inquiry into the
cmufefr of the wancH^ncrt ofprovifroris eteferVes iid^icc. Hi*'
htfrofyfcf die cTftmtte betweerV'tJic cU^y of London and Meflrs.
tfie^AJami^ concexftlnjj; 'j the embankment of Durham-yawl.
wHf ti^emfd nip** curious fome years, heflce, tfenat pre-
rtjif, .^|^i&.|^cjiBfiaDcei-Vc frefh in every onc*sw«iuor#*
but hw -general conclufions, at theclofe of liook 1. where toe
hilftorical part ends, will at all times be read with advantage*
bccatifc -Tb uth will for ever be Truth.
Gf the defcriptive part of this work, a few fpecimens muft
fufficc, as we have already extended the article to a confiderable
length. The account here given of the Adtlfbl buildings f though
by no means fufiic ten r to convey an adequate idea of that prodigy
of architecture, will, however, be acceptable to fuch of our
Readers M hate not yet feen this truly admirable improve-
ment:
* Xp the eaft of York- buildings wai anciently the hoofe of the
Bifhop of purhaan, afterward converted into buildings and- wharfs.
*ji4 celled hy the name of purham-yard. Before this houfe, in the
§trand, Xing James I. fretted a magnificent fione building for an Ex-
change, ano* called it Britain's {*ur?e, which name h afterward loft
ftif that of the New {Exchange. This building in the year 1737 was
jM«n dpwo^ and a hand foroe line of boufes was creeled m the
tVt "purbaie-vard, behind theft houfes, falling into ruins, lour
-itcd bpilders ana" brothers, of the name of Adam, agreed with the
T ibe'tf ft. Albert's, proprietor of the ground, and as the fitnatioa
was -sdvwitagsous, bave copverted it into the molt elegant pile
of buildings to be found in all the town. As Durham-yard went
ctewn with a fteep dglccnt to the river, thefe gentlemen hive,
\>y raifing their buildings upon flrong lofty arches, built a (beet at-
tkc ciA end down tp the river upon a level with the Strand... Along
the river weftward runs a broad terrace, secured with elegant iron
njls, on which a nohle row of hoojea fronts the Thames : the center
houfe is now inhabited by David Garrick, Efq. Another (beex fib
tends between the rifer and the Strand, parallel to the terrace^ which
jejuj*. |nip York bujldipfs $ ajuj in t& Arm is an elegant rdi^ce fcor
the
Km* ifcaickV Hifkry J Imdtm. 105
Ar tit of il»ftaoR/-fei iSe Lnc***&r**™ of Am, MamrfteWf,
ited jCpaaaavreatormto the wttom m unity oC Uii» crtjft ftrecr.
itexhai *e*d»,W (k»«tfctr<catof tbf terfacp. Tac eael tu4 cvnirai
une*«4 with piltf e/» ™<* 0»Mco of . ani/ieiai ttooa 4
-mene, »' it u fount W «xprm»«» i}*at Uk<4
icA tic ix>jur;:» of the »uduu audi lo-^cr
e wai too rnaeli room in tlie ranfts under tKefe haaurt.
;r are affo-.we'd t**o Aoriei cnder ground, ro remain fifeSe/i
t bi»i> cf ire mer It fo wyulcua ■ tewa. Tnefe r&alu art
ioawm>im raetroof warehoufe*. footer, arid eoaehJtoofo. wiia
picytr fWbterrarteal eomawnicatioru referred brt<vten, eclfgareved
Sf wHU i« the baek rard» between fhr h*ufri »S>«. Prom ihe old
cocnncc to Duifcam yard i» t wide arebwae jfor carriage* ur.crr tkc
acefei da-KQ to ihefe warcKoufts, and 10 a fpacjodj aharf !>«|vw the
terrace. Aoc:her eatraccc cpr. ns to the flrcct on the fule next York-
gt. The fcmmils of the archci fronting the rivrr are tpe»r>-
1 to the pornnfW r>f eornptinc-noiMes for the warehouse* belor* ;
er of fch<nr»> to ue oppofnc boofii nbowt. Prom ibis terrace ii a
of the river between tbc brieljn at Wel>rrinfrcr and BU<V
\xn wfekh lU not be lifer boomiariei <->f fo 2jjrre-
pTCff*l). In ftiort, ii it Impoffible 10 riear this grand'' ira-
ut adtnin'cg the fpirit tb« cotkl undertake the exo-
:h a IV 1
[uc 0/ the l.jtc Duke of Cumberland,
<■ ofCaUi^iihfqu-irr,
-1 rcan*|ti anc ortiktlnr*
:;/ BuUh \;^tS<. sf Lt#-
bjoCil i l>*t il*»* Wiitcr
neiimea be very fue>
. Ihe CrutitlDifmxr
rd beeat-.c iir* iU»y*! -Highnclx Udjelfd
uniform. Iv.ir, ism Mr. N. < cavri-
■■;■;• J ii i
a »t: '
* . h)«bti r^j
i^iU-Uuilu. — We entirely a^toe
if Hilton.
account of thx-Bnufi Muleum aff»e:.f*-to be *w rand
1
• k*|oni Bedl* Tine rre*« '«fTrt-
kau«a by ta^ Pi' 1 ' *
Mb*
io6 Noorthouck * Hi/lory of Lomdm*
John Duke of Montague, krc per of the wardrobe to King Charles IL
and who was in high favour after ward with King William and Queen
Anne* ty is juUly efteemqd one o/ the mail magnificent buildings
by a high bncJ; wall, in the center of which is a Ipadou
gate under a dome : the in fide of this wall ia formed into a grand
colonade reaching to the wings on either fide* The houfe ia adorned
with curious pain tings oi.La.Pa/le, Baptiltc.Aod&ouireau; andjias
an- extcuG ve garden containing, near eigljt acic* ofTground. R
* In purfuance of Sir Ham Sloane's will, who dial in 175a, and
directed that his collection of natuial and ^JAeial curiafiues,
dais, books, and manufcripts, fhould bccquie the property of the.
public in confederation of 20,000 ]. to bc.paijl to, his executors ; .die
government immediate!}* raifed t©o,ooo 1. by. .lottery for the purchase
and eftablilhment of it; and appointed the Archbimop. of Canter-
busy* Lord Chancellor, the great officers of the crown, fecretariea
of Rate, fpeakerof the houfe of commons, with others to be chofcn
by them ; truilecs for the public. To thefe were added Lord Cadb-
gan, and Hans Stanley, Eia; who married Sir Hans Sloane's daugh-
ter;; ; and after their deceafe, two others to be chofen in their Head
by themfelves, or the Sloanean family from time to time, to be their
perpetual representatives in the trull.
4 To extend this noble foundation, the late King George II. with
the parliament, directed that the royal library of curious manufcripts
and very rare printed books.-together with the famous Cotton library,
and its appendix, the late Major Edwards's fine collection of books,
and 7000 1. in reversion which he bequeathed to it ; mould become a
part of the propofed Mufeum : and that Samuel Burrows, and Thomas
Hart, Efqrs. the then trultees of it, and their fuccelTors, to be no-
minated by the Cotton family, fhould be its perpetual representatives
in the fame manner as thofe of Sir Hans Sloane.
* Nor was this all ; the he'irefs of the late Lord Oxford generoufly
offered his grand collection of manufcripts, which is fatd to have
cort above ico,cco 1. for a tenth part of that fum : the ad therefore
impowcred the above mentioned truftces to purchafe and place it in
the fame repofitory with the Cotton library; appointing the Duke
of Portland, and Earl of Oxford, and their fuccelTors, to be chofen
by themfelves, or the Portland family, perpetual truilecs for it, as
before. All thefe trullees were incoporated by the name of truftees
of the Britilh Mufeum, as a body politic, to provide a plan for its
reception, appoint officers, fcrvants, and their fcvcral falariet, and
make all other neceffary ftatutcs, and rules for its order, govern*
ment, and prefervation.
* Jull as this was done, and while the trullees were at a lofs where
to purchafeor build a proper repofitory ; another kind and generous
offer was made by the t*o noble heireflcs of the Montague family,
of the houfe of that name, and gardens in Great Ruffel-ftreet, Bloom-
(bury : for this they gave no more than ic,ocol. and laid out be-
tween 20 and ao,oool. on neceffary repairs, alterations, and co rive*
nicnecs, for the reception of all the collections united. The re-
maining I urn, much leilcncd iincc by additional buildings, and un-
avoidable
NoofthoucV'j Hijltryif LsttAn*
le;
avoidable loftTet throo, : w«*r<ft lo
p*> uUrU-. ta*< - the fcooft
mi Urea wc:e ob'.igcd to app > to partianrrst for afiflUnce, wfcicfc it
it to be wilhed may be eonrinuetl ff5r t"-r farport erf fueh a* bowoar
nd aorta it: cnert
thac plots to ra-
. J of evei 10 o « - 1 : ■ j
r ruiy be for their porpafc, ©at erf the bxki, xr
tert, prefi
properly jr be AfrettainH by \
predated and edrnitt:
ted co draw
- '■ • »— , . "r.
rl ii eearned »Ilo fjr the
-rpiftion, -e!cs tor def:
; ItiTC foi j Co Jill ill
them by ihe pemer *: the £3te.
I accersrrodjtc the co.rpat*- tStt ore eo rjeai lb* MafrQJB,
njcoficeri a»e »pr-oiT.tec, t*o to either the ihrre deparhnc:.: , »i;*.
*Mta tfcc nrhok Vi Jiv ded ; rix.aa under tibraiitn, and hi* a£Oan(
llbrafta*; wfcofc boimeft ii, be&le orpmmem
it patting anJ keeping ett feofktiio:
'ec. tc Ihe* ar>j exp
here ii a principal :;:.r*.rian whole office af to .
tbtvb
• The frli department i» -n tie lower t'orj. into which too en-
ter, through the hall; where, at the be*ti>Tt of the greac (Usr-cafe.
■re a fcreat maay ■nti-ques, at J foeae mod tiot, Tbi
cl twefrc roootf, o/ printed be^k* : the frit rcceircs tie do-
; among nftuch [i to be tlifli*gai0»«i a valaablr
Cl M-^erlv. being abort 30,000 treanfea bound in
oi", pthxed in the fafl century, I -Vie
-.'i library mentioned before — atfd ia
tl>c in; Krcb^i libftey, *hicbhc bequeathed to
• TTte fir adjw'nr^ :p:rrmPfltl ten rTlTB Slnane*» library,
where tbe book* — >. £. - pri> lie
i 'lilofen-nr i
., ancient and modern— phi]
ice. Oat ^f tli ij you go in i the I
taker up the
fi4 from Hen:
•iter caaiacnt an 4 leaf) nambrr of bank* in ;bif dc-
scrtAeat amounti/.o -bore o J.oco.
... I L.-'Or ahore farm 1 it
ii more th >i articles ot niroral MiK
ffftftj**,
vo!uco
jCO
I-''
c— a*>irll», foliil aad recctt» — ill for:* of unc/jmmoa
toaioon. aod | -, jafjier, A.c mine; .i i
wiitt a gn This depxr'.oent ti*i
it>8 NoorthoucJt'j H'Jlory of London,
bepn enriched hv the curio as collection or foffils prefer ced'iy Gil ft
iavus Brander, Efq; and of polypufes by Mr, Ellis. ,":r"*l"J - ■
■ 'the third department contains the manufcrtprs ' of tW^IoWit,
Cotton, Harlcian, and Sloanean libraries, in number, mclodWig'taui
late Dr. Birch's, bequeathed by him, very near 15,000 vaJwaea*
befide above 1 5,000 ancient charters and rolls in one room ; 25,000
coins and medals in another ; and in a third, a great many* cameos*
intaglios, Egyptian and iurufcan antiquities, moll of watch -was*
preieotcd by Thomas HolJis, Smart Lethui Uier, and Weatlcv Mon-
tague, Eiqrs. In this room alio are many enrious articles ^
Sarts of the world, including tkoie brought home by Comi
iron, Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, &c, from the lately dift
Aiathern countries* To theft: the parliament has lately added &e
fefperb collection of Sir William Hamilton, confuting of antiques
barico in the Sepulchres in Magma Grarcia at lead 30CO years ago-;
lmongft which .are great numbers of vases, urns, lamps, araBOsy,
lares, bronzes, inftrumems, utenfils, locks, keys, &c. precious ajooaa*
cjarWos, cameos, gold ornaments, fuperllitious gems. Sec. in faarn*
bn more than 33°°* befide 600 medals, for which the governxnesse
jutvc Koooi. .....
t (" Such, arc the contents of the Britifh Mnfeom, the wonder of ajl
cnaL bcnoU it ; and conferied, all things conftdered, to be 1'aperSar
lo any otter rVJafcnm in the world.'
"Toihe foregoing defcriptions might be added, thofe of RlaenV
friar's Bridge, the new Bank-buildings, the Excife-office, and.
the remarks made on the Queen's Palace: but we rmift ceW-
elude;- and therefore only oblerve,-in the general, that thede-
iVrlptfve articles ere motlry cf later date than tbofe which are;
io oe^und in other works of the Ume kind; that many tf
tHeWf are new, and that all of them, as far as wc have hat
Mfijre to examine them, feem to be adapted to the prefent (rate
of the places and objects defctibed.
: But* while we do juftice to the induftry and accuracy which
have been employed in this complement, we cannot bat take'
iiotice of an omitfion, highly injurious 10 the merit of a very
Veterving and veiy extraordinary man. The pcrfon we haw in
vVieWf R William Shipley, who rlrfr formed the idea, and laid
•fre Foundation, of the celebrated SeJtty for the EntBurtgewmtt tf
.Arh\^M4ir.ufa£uras and Commerce. The very name of honeft
Shipley is not fo muih as mentioned (untftft we have overt-
looked it) in Mr. N.'s work. He has afcribed the origin rjf
Chis Society to * Lord Folk'Jone, Lord Ronmey, Dr. Stephen
Hales, and a few other private gentlemen / but it (hould have
been obferved, that the above- mentioned lords and gentlemen
were firft brought together by .VI r. Shipiey ; who, without
money, without patronage, an J without even the moft dif-
tant view to his own private advantage, took aftonifhing paint
for this laudable purpofc,— perfevering through great diffi-
culties and dtfcuuragunenis, and uwer iciling till he had ac-
complished
Can ; *r> a.i Ey.y ttt Old Atf* ioo>
tempi i urpofe, — A chiraitcr like that of iSc
loujd be held in the liijjhcft cftrcm by
cvcry-TUfnd 10 , ftftd ty< Arts:
aodv therefore, we hope Mr. N. wil! dole ample ju
next eiiuwii of his Htltory.
•i
Aar. Via C*io , v, am Ef*y en Oi* Agn By Mirc»> Talliua
etc. With K.-ni.«k ;*. DoiH1c> . <;?>♦
W- *>ere prefer: < r.c of the ftnett remain* ntf
jnit|u!;. ifi cle^tnt form of t\i-
^guige; and the ropiouf remarks annexed to the
tflar, jfifci ■ i.ng combined w;th tallc, and fentimen*
witi liberty. Tcanflattow are, in g^nrrat, the nane of every
Uayvago ; but focb tranflartoni as thu, bring aotn our language
*fld Our learning in their debt.
"The original wu in every refpeel worthy of a vrriter fa capa-
ble off The F.tiay »n Old Ace, wai onco* ftir
iaft philosophical labour* o* CtrerO, or rathef ooc of Jus lift
, ofcSca tiiat (be plcaJgre lie found in
g it, fmoothed the dcclning period of bis Ir'e. M ..,
tmijgm it* jtKUmJa bwjas i :.s J'uir9 Hi it&n mato amner *£-
tjtrit jwitnut mitjUaiy fid tfftutit *(»7/m tiiam tt jutvnJ&m
m. InFref.
e generally fucceed bef: where we find the peareft pleafure
execution 1 and 1: is no wonder if thu littic work, the
production cf the great oeainr1! uuturcft mind and happicft
trtur>, bote e»ery character of the pic-It Jiiliii^uinicJ merit.
Tfce WORt'crfu] elegance and beauty of ircuwnpolltion, rrnJrrrrt
It ibe I Wltl tin: \v-(JTi\i\\\ \t%
inforUMc aioft from a different ucrb, "m rhrgp rt
wa> tt ice to know tht hit' fenrinacnti or ih.-»
ol ihc fuoL And th:»
eiliy, written bin a few ye-*r-. bef uft, n,l iUpatt tbt
»ery l-tt a^t he exerted in his pbtlofophkal character, rn«ght be
eroftdered ;.» an exp'icit and 1 uotn pfofefiuui of hii be-
Lcl of thr Tool's frpirtu cxiirencc in a future tHtc. But if,
Uf\ the ingenious irunfitor, after fo pnfit 1 .nation n
•lOtd or* the truth or thu nnportr-
bis fiitli mifbt
baid, indred, would hs have found tile Ul3c to
Ciors fitis^L*..
The conrS.ding part cf ihe crTay, (o tt*ver£»J
tbc ciinds and nxmofici of men, t»c ;
rraullation, bet >v(c the ReaoVr will aliva^. be toe 6vU
Hi< of What he b txft acquainted with.
110 Cats ; or, an Ejjay on Old Agt.
« Never, Scipio, can 1 believe that your illutlrious aftceftort*
together with many other excellent perfonages whom 1 riecd not
'particularly narne, would have fo ardently endeavoured to merit
the honourable remembrance of pbfterity, bad they apt. heed
perfuaded, that they had a real intereft in the opinion which
future generations might entertain concerning them. And dd
you imagine, my noble friends, (if I may be indulged in in
old man's privilege to boaftof himfelf) do you imagine I wpold
have undergone thofe labours 1 have iuftained both in rmy.cixil
and military employments, if I had fuppofed that the confirimt)
laiisfa&ion I received from the glory of my actions, was t<* ter-
minate with my prefent exigence ? If fuch had been my. per-
fusion, would it not have been far better and more rational,. to
have paiTed my days in an undifturbed and indolent repofe,
without labour and without contention ? But my xnindubf £
know not what fecret impulfe, was ever raifing its views into
future ages ; ftrongly perfuaded that I fhould then only begin
.to /rw, when i ceal'ed to exiit in the prefent world. Indeed,
If the foul were not naturally immortal ; never, furcly, would
the defxre of immortal glory be a paffion which always exerts
itfelf with the greateft force in the noblcft and mod exalted
bofoms.
* Tell me, my friends, whence is it, that thofe men whd
have made the greateit advances in true wifdom and genuine!
philofophy, are obferved to meet death with the mod perfcel
equanimity ; while the ignorant and unimproved part of our
fpecies, generally fee. its approach with the utmoft difcompofuotf
and reluctance? Is it not becaufe the more enlightened the
mind is, and the farther it extends its view, the more clearly it
difcerns in the hour of its diflblution, (what narrow and vulgar*
fouls are too (bort lighted to difcover) that it is taking its flight
into fome happier region ? '
, * For my own part, 1 feel myfelf tranfported with the mofi
ardent impatience to join the fociety of my two departed friends^
your illuftrious fathers; whofe characters 1 greatly refpeded
and whofe perfons I fincerely loved. Nor is this my earoeft
defire, confined to thofe excellent perfons alone with whom t
was formerly connected ; 1 ardently wifli to viftt alfo thofe cele-
brated worthies, of whofe honourable conduit I have heard and
read much, or whofe virtues I have myfelf commemorate^ if*
feme of my writings. To this glorious aflembly I am fpcedi.ly
advancing: and 1 would not be turned back in my journey ,■
even upon the allured condition that my youth, like that of
'Pelias, ihould again be reilorcd. The fincere truth is, if, fome
divinity would confer upon me a new grant of my life,- and re-
place me once more in the cradle ; I would utterly, and with-
Cat* ; sr, f* Ejjaf in Old Agu in
(jtajt the leaft he£u titan, rejc& the offer : hiving well nigh
fuuftsed my race, I have no inclination to return to the goal.
Fur wlut lias life to recommend it * Or rather indeed to what
>cs it not cxpofe us I But admit that its latufactiont arc
many ; yet Purely there is a time when we have had a fufiic'tcac
nc*: lymrnu, and may well depart contented with
our (hue of the leal) : for 1 mean not, in imitation of fomc
wry coofsderable philosophers, to repretent the condition of hu-
man nature as a febjeer of jeft lamer.tatioi. On the contrary,
1 tan far from regrrtitng that life was hHtowrd upon me; as
1 have the iatislactbon to think that I nave employed it in fucfc
a truraner, an not to lave lived in vain. Jn ilwwt. i confider
this world as a place which nature nc»«r cefimed for my per-
manent abode \ and 1 Wk upon my depart titc out of it, noc u
bettg driven from my habitation, but as leaving m? inn.
• O ! glorious day ! when I (hall retue frcm thu low and
forJsd Cttao, to afloctate wit^ the .li»ir»e JifrmWf of departed
ff*iii» ; and not with toofc only whom 1 |uit now mentioned,
but with rsyocarCato; that btft<o4 font j i moft wloebsror'
men ! It arts any fad fate to lay hi* body on the funeral pile,
whe* by tne courfe of nature I hjd reaii.n to hope, tie would
hate performed the farn* lalt "ft c to mine. His foul, bowv
erer, did imt defcrt me, hut (hi I looked back upon me in its
tight to thole happy m ■nu-ris, to wh.ct» he was asTurcd 1 ihould
day folio . . Jt i fecmed to bear his death witli forti-
tude ; it was bv it" means bccaulc I cis.l not moft fenfialy feci
Ike lot* i had luftaincd; it was becaufc, 1 fupported myfcif
• the contolng rcfcectjori, that we could not long be
separated.
bis* to think, and thai to alh b»« rnahtrd me, 'Scipio»
to bear up uadci a load of yeftra with that cafe and eompU-
eency which b ind fjtliu* Fvtve :o fn ia teems,
rtsnarked with aUroira'i* u : ar'tiMked it nos lenrfer'rd my old-
age net I renieni (taic to me, hut ^rrrabl*
oae. And after aN, ihnul.i :h<s my arm pesfusiionot tne foutft
us*e:< 3 to be a mere dclutvm i it is at leal a picaf-
kgdclulion, — and I will chcnin it io my lawfl bnath. I nave
the fatisf-cVn in the mean time to be aft, if death
flaould utterly eatrnguifh mycxittence, . oatc pmlo-
aoaneri afle't i the groundlefs hopes I tnteftaan i after. Iff:
rniome re, cannot txonfr mc to- the Mifiosj of tbefr
Wonderful (ago. when they and 1 (hall be no more. In all
nd even admitting that our cxpe&acions of immortality
utterly raid ; thcrv is a certain period, -•u.vcrthciel*, when
death wouM be a confummation moft carivcJily to be dc&red.
Fot ii appointed to the days ol man, as to ail tilings
site, their p;opei limits, Ley on J wLkk they a/c no Kuriy/r of
-
any value. In fine, old-age may.be ec*fi4crcfJ.ftc the. lair
in the great drama of life i and onan'owU, not* 4%it*v» -*t& ;o
lengthen out our pan trli wc funk down in < n^am1,- an 1 ex-
ited with iae.ie.wc/ ^ .9)
If there be any afyui] ranfiaftor-. >t * where
the tranilJtoi. I 1 aehajifr
fenfe, » AxnetJujc*, po« IV. Pos i-rU^cc tfac »oi-
io*mkj itiort icn;cncr, rcb.-aVa •f.j ^fit, ^m
ctt*'nt<i>itxi%v*J*udt% n! • ■ . . , i-«kt oi«aX]y
conufe. uit. / jt^ /awiarr,
wk*M I hxtcdtxd Unfits
4 For my own part, 1 feci mytirjf ttanl'nortcd w.ih ibc naoer
ardent impatience to join (he lociety of my two departed (nenda,
your iUuftriova btbrn | whafe characters; i e/rarly icfpccied,
and whole pcrlons 1 fiucercly loved.' If the ihoricr of tutfe
fen cr-cc> Cearcyi all lIic idea of ilie original, it is a better tian-
ibtion than the longer: if it does not, it U worfe.
The ooies, or remarks, aa they are called, annexed to this
work, make the mot! valuable part 0/ it. They comaia juat
fkeuhea of the principal character* mentioned in the courtc ©a"
the e!lay, and a variety of judicious obfavationi 00 the
ocri a ad id it 1 eft a oi men.
The following note, whirh may be contWrcd a', u kind mi
cfrSnutc ot human Jife» will Ihew tbe philosophical turn araal
genius of the whose.
* Philosophy can never be employed in an office more un-
fuitabac to bar proper chancier and fuo&iona, than in faring
fuub fucb representations of human life as tend to p*-t marafcaaZ
out of humour with their preterit bem* : and ret into una ana?
wonky fervlec tome eminent inoraltiti, both antient and mo-
dern, have rsoe fciuplcd to compel her I The &eiiuin«efii
true wifclom and knuwltge, ate altogether «f a different nom
pacxienj aa thole fpecuUtivc writer* uho-'c fludvca and u
have qualincd them for raking the nioit accurate at'J cctrpie-
fenfire lurvcy of the natural and moral world, have found the
rciult of their inquiries terminate in the ilruitgcft motives Aac a
grateful aiquicuoncc in the beneficent aumimliraUon ot proas*
derscc, Tu be able indeed to dear up all the difJkuUiea svhuji
occur in attempting to accotoi fur that degree of oil whatfi
the Supreme Creator bat pcrmicted to cater •miwif, -naa W1
. vain, perhaps, be expecxed, till the menial b^li:ina«J ]m
Krged with that heavenly " 1 with what 4e,*1af eft
ilton removed the film 1 cm Adams tye>.wbiiivKi:*ftawlcJ4
him in vihon the iue of hi* uVccnuWu In *hr tim^miimmm
however, there isabumbi :;jr jpMUtffMf:
iht Creator an ha *k u^s .*. .h^uy eves?* u
Can i tr. An Efiy m Old 4gt*
«3
h» in a gloomy Jlaic of mind, it apt to overraft the
of* human condition.
4 Thr train il, the naiam/ erila of life »ir but few «n
oonfiderablc when compared with thvu wh»ch\areof man'io* n
arwftwdioo. Pain and difeafc, which now make fuch a variety
ot dreadful artk'.c* in crar eilimsceof human eilamicin, would
feared y appear to ex. ft, it the contributions of rice and luXtarf
war< t-ibdracrrd from rhe account. And whan a'l de'i
■■Haana of this kind are jultly made, if we examine the
naming evili to which mankind are mctjjeati'.j expofed ; it will
appear that providence harh kindly in*. ertain tecrcc
ceaaoJariona and unexpected fvfteninr/. which tctiw- ucc
taftrrable when realised than they letm in ap;
tatof indeed n more certain than what 4 .arable mom*
irift, with his ufual truth tent *r>d elegance
iMnoo* fa . remarked ^ chat ** the oi'a of th»i life «p-
acar like roc ki and pr- r-n at a dfibmrej
MM o*r nearer appro ;ch v/e
•'(& Dfr If* in £5 mixed w.t:
dc formic ,
lodai taitanc*:
■
Mb cf mara-
■ 'a apply tMi general obferratij i I i
Tkoie who (ram the more (MMfe'
anak down upon the loweft an I
ond, are apt t . the (few 'itie » >' \
aacrica to wh
f—ltJUned. Bu: in !a
aMft* arc to tar i.
fntrrt, that perri*f>'. tcW weOW ''•* v
tacy were to exchange it for a nor: exalted
Thin, ton i% nn iifeal repri
.aartoniMa '^ of
iram*iogei* nefl "Inn ■ ■ the good
Step P^neopp«da«, '• over ihe higbett mountain* oi Nc-fwajr,
(how, aiK' affee are of r
«icr, I hait fee* p-rafar.rt in great nurTiber* .1 ik of
aorttf f and indeed they fecm «\ -tal to thofc animal; in ft."
— Thty go on tinging all the wl I hold oiat for nine
fcaera together ax the hardest labour imaginable, with inc-'cdrbM
oaearMaei* and alacrity.** He add* ; ,( the ptafarits of both
kit* aiWibl* tocher by hun^rcdi, I roijr.h: ("»/ tbovfard*,
*nar the mtddlt: of January, to make thc-r wlnUi harveit of
-h produce of the iKean They keep oat at tea aJ
iay, and ■ great part of rh? night by mc-on! ijht, in open boats j
•nd a#tcr that, croud together by feorea into little hj«, where
tea can JurdW hate rwom to lay iheenfeivei dmm, in
• xtha. The nrxt mornsng they itturn to the fame labo-
IUt Ajg. 1773. 1 ' tiou»
114 CaUi *r, en bfiy in OU A*4*
riow employments with as much plcifure and ebtarfulncfs ts
•.etc going to a merry*makwig/'
- * in eoAtempUting the moiil Hate of mankind the horror
o/ the vitw, in like iTunner, ft neb alleviated hy ukir^;
in every mitigating circumltancc that attend* the ptofptd.
There ]% tejtoii tii think, with the moft judicioui wri:en on
thii intenafling que ft ion, that there arc lew individual who in
the i their live* have not been the author) of r.\
than evil. Prejudice, refentment, or oppofitioii of intcrcll i
and often do, produce particular inftanco of the fad cfiVe5|fof
the malevolent *>d Iclnfti paifions, in the very Time man who,
in the *ciieral tcnour of his conduct and ■ rgtt-
larty exeieiOe the kind and foebl affeitir.ns. But in «ierc.--
mi i lie comparative prevalent) v( mora! good
andev.l; a hafty or peevtih rcmarker, while he examine* the
elf the matignJ -i, la not equally careful to m-
qti ■< of the op|"'i:.rr fcale. There are many
ilUncTi alfo i: 'he known» before wc arc
i< uljr adion in pee<ifc and <Kf-
tmguiihinj: J.-iio I .'ic motive and intcnti.
agent; the point i i view. In w ii ;> Itie *flk»i ap >c&rrrj to Mi
own eye j the degree of fiirprixc or premedication, of k.
Oi fenoramr, with wlii-i it wai committed; are
difc I which fcnuri
a i ycI thefc i _ she
true nature and ellemial charadtenit:c of moral coodu^t.
1 There ii another circumftancc which may very much cpa-
hi.i m- ■■■■ ■ '-vourable condufaoru upon
forcibly upon the
r nature more open to pubhr nnrurgfrf,
of an oppofr.c quality. Atrocitti* de :.-
ide rarely pafs uruliiVovrrrd ; where.-,
nobleft and nioft laudable usances of human merit, *tr
uryemly known only to the panics immi
do' oi i •'« concealed in the bicatt of the wot thy a ;ent. Vice
obtrude-* itl'clf upon the public eye; but virtue mufi i
ous fcerte*. The ftcr/iim ii
the r (he parhi in which her votaries are
mo'* frequently to he f and. No wonder th. -o»-
. pu: i.uative number, very erroneous eal
are anf fo b>r msde.
• WhCfl ' fcf-:ff, t-»<-"e- v
fidcre-l and
tHou-jit an unwarrantable infc:crtv
la$oc of gxd in the moral, a* v/cU ft» in the fl
We
IrjrcW* Tm /«V«igfi Skiff end MaStd. * If
i We nun:* quit thn articJr without exprrtlin^ » aVii*e to fee
the Eflat on FiieruJfoi^ in the hawk of tha lame cranflator.
N* 6. Mr. Mr^m.rl'V mmr * r(«| to rhr later ad-
%WT»(r which we
ire the prefect article w« Jnwrn up*
; IL Biysouk'i Tear ilrtmrb Sttiy am iii/;j, conclodctk
Seeoui lift .V
1I/E left our traveller* • to civc >■ rcpofep
W ii b**i> cif / rjofe,
ro^Jic or woody «a&io» of m:»uiK A ther pro
to ihcaufciro the jKGtfurc of falulicig the fi£n)C iuu fi< i
fammtt ol the monnino% arwl hao alaouc c*:*ht miki of trie upper
/t regioD to dioib, htUie \ gri : c Jorcft in
* then embowe«ee\ — ii tHem
lo be (hrriog peel V they Ireakfaftcd abort
. i
Afpo&I of
k-uwlegc of tl*c nioiniMiji ; and ill ;
COftftJcut:
* He ccocuOrJ us, fayi Mr. 0. over " AoUtfl rale, and
■ixhtre Scarce hunia foot hud -acuities :arofl£h
tkomr fowl delightful ; bt*-
»i dar*r; ; ,C treei | thehtat').
rxpanic c"
sntncr.fr ditlancc below u: . i! Gorier.
tteta we fo*r.<\ r> !•«.■:,.*» «fcfftiliag fcrrit rocki ri' lir:, whrn
Alia* fhould raxke Let .. nijb; be I
cier the precipice. Ho*cvtTi d;. ;-.» aiiUaace oi ti.o l
•vvfuukc aU itacfc ciiSxaliiei , -*■• <J I g mu >g«d "itcaafe wcllr tt~:
la the {pace oc" two hour* we U
Hjpff limn _ aj-.d u.u we bid kit inr r
Tftde appeared now Jikc a (ink and gloom) K«»pt» Www l
fotrovoau ibe Douatvn.
c profpeO btfor* m» wxi of a my aJTcrcpc wC 1k-
trld on cxpatifr of (bow and ice hat alarmc itsgiv.aoi
■Lerefr tagger ed oar lefolmion. In d
the c-ioi. i
U» irtaocfltU<ui head.; -^* 1'
ayyaaini touilf toatodoWK « vm ;: ' >
aad ke taat fomuiMh
i Uappesi
jfttain being hot btfc*Va O"
fpoOi oo-j formed i*v;'l <* water, w ^*a\Uk
• The p ' aiae pfrft h ling t'
, .; . . ■ .
; tefopa wa» !" callc I, L ettct
BTtO, thaa Si; Oilier ma:- -nif.
I i
i 1 6 Brydone'; Tour through Sicily and Mahal
to forefee our danger; that it fikewife happened, tharthefarface of thf
water, as wcil as tao fnow# wu oftct covered over wuh.njactt alfaes,,
that rendered it exceedingly treacherous j that however, if we thought
proper, he mould lead us on with as rauch caution as poffible. A*:
cordifiriy, after holding a council .of war, which you .know people
S morally do when they are verv m*ch afraid, we fent our cavalry
Own to the fbreft below, and prepared to climb the inows. The
Cyclops, after, taking a great draugfat of brand/, defired us to be of
good cheer; that we had plenty of time, and might take aajnari
rcils aa we pleafed. That the mow could be little more thau (even
miks, and that we certainly Jfcould be able to accomplifti H.fcffff^
time bafore fan rife. Accordingly* taking each of us a dnim^nf
liqueur, which fooa removed every objection, we began our march.
■ * Vf he afcent for fome time was iioi rapid, and as the furfacc of
the f«ow iaak a little, we had tolerable good footing ;. but as ii fuun
began to grow deeper, we found oar labour greatly increa/ed: aa*fa
ever we determined to perfevere, reraerabring in the n^n^of ou
fatigue, that the emperor Adrian and the phuofopher r%^a un#J2
went the, fane ; and from the fame motive too, to fee the rifing fiin.
from the top of ^Etna. After incredible labour and fatigue, ta£jtt
the fa roe time mixed with a great deal of pleafare, we arrived heftw
dawn at the anins of an antient ftrnAnre called // Torn dti PbiU/of$$^
fuppofed to have been built by the philofopher Empcdodes, who
rook up his habitation here the better to ftudy the nature of nioant
./Etna. By others, it is fuppofed to be the ruins of the tempje jpjf
Vnlcan, whofe (hop, all the world knows (where he ufed to,, mug
excellent thunderbolts and celeftial armoor,as well as nets to caic5,hja.
wife when me went aft ray) was ever kept in mount -'Etna.. . Hers.jmj
rcftcd ourlclves for fome time, and made a frelh applioarioa to pu*
liqaear bottle, which I am periuaded, both Vulcan and Erapedoclea^
had they been here, would have greatly approved of after fucj^j
march. ..J , ,TtJfl
* I found the mercury had fallen to 20 : 6. We had now £1
pay oar adorations in a filent contemplation of the fubJisne.pl
of nature. The iky was perfectly clear, and the immenfe vat
the heavens appeared in awful majesty and fplendour* We,
that it ftruck us much more forcibly than below, and at fir a wcfC-"\i
a loft to know the caufe; till we obferved with,, aftoniflunenr, tha;
the- number of the fiars fecmed to be infinitely increaied, and that
the light of each of them appeared brighter than ufual. The white-,
nefi of the milky way was like a pure flame that mot across the,
heavens; and with the naked eye we could obfervc clutters of i"hr\
that were totally invifible in the regions below. ''■'<■ did not at frit
attend to the caufe, nor recollect that we had no a pafled through tea.
or twelve thousand feet of grofs vapour, that blunts and confutes
(very ray, before it reaches the furface of the earth. Wc were
amazed at the diftinctneft of vision, and exclaimed together, Whax
a glorious fituation for an observatory ! Had fimpedoclei ban* the
eye* of GallUeo what difcoveriea mall he not have made! We re-
gretted that Jupiter was not vifible, at 1 really believed we rnight
Save difcovered tome of his satellite* with the naked eve— oral
leaft with a {hull glass which X had in my pocket. We cuSfcrveoT a
light
BivdonO Ttur thnwgh Sicily and AWw.
ii
- way below at ©a lb? trv»«atam, which feened to move
r«jb'i hut whether it WKJ *c Ij>n4i fltou*, or whit U
o <*y. We likew-ile tool: notice of fevcrmi
Eicon catted Falliog Stan, which ItilJ appeared to be
i xtrd abort us aj when too from the plain : Co that in
move in fT£iani much more remote than
slut Joint phiiolopber* hero preferibed to ocx «t.
SofsVi
contemplating ihcfr objeelt for Ionic time, we fee off*, am
fiu-tr. After i-rivril ut {he toot <>( the great crater of (Jhr rooumho
*t figure, and riles equally ©n all liiet.
u coopvifsl (olelv of afhei and other burnt mainj.iU, difcbi
juo, which i» in it* center. Tliii c«
I :* ictj picat fixe; iti circtmfcrcace canam lw
in ten mi lex Here we took a fecood reft, as the mo:> violent
oar fatigue ilill remained. The mercury had fallen to 20 : a{
—We found th>« mnjimin orcellifely ilccpi and although it had
ippcarei wji 1 lewifc covered wich fuo*. the lurfac 0/
. for m) wn» fpread over wka a pretty thick \*\ct of
<>ct from Had it not brim for tftif, •*
-it b.-cn able to get 10 the top ; at the fnOw w*i every
!ij from the piercing cold of the acmofpaere.
1 climbing, W» arrived aC a place where there
ait no fro-v, ;iod a wan* comfortable vapour ill*. he mono*
Ml, which induced e« *.o mike mother halt. Here I roaud the
f 'he thermometer, tc my amazement, was fallen
!cw the point of eonfcclaiion t and before we left the
., it fell two degree* more, vix. to a7.—- fro 1 thm
yjrd. to (he hjghert farnmu of the moan*
Mil time, to fee the tnoA wonderful aa4
, b: in nature.
■ notion Tuft ever fell fliort ; for no ima^ieition hat
tared to form an idea cf ro glotiotu and fo magnificent a fccue,
ere on the furface of thit globe, any one paint that
•'ful and fobiiaac objceU- — I he immenfe tUvacicea*
of the earth, drawn ai it were to a Jingle point,
stighbojrir.y iiicu:.: nn for the Ctnfct and imagination
from their alioniihincnt in their wuy do*n
id the worM. Thh point or pinnacle-, Railed on tl«- briail nt a boe*'
WOfld, often dil'diar^iug river* of i»e,
ng roefcs, with a notle thai (hakes the whole
l:i c.e:cnt of the orofpect, com*
/ ttid the moft bc.utifu
, advancing :n the call, ta illaaioat* the
ne
• The ~ Jted cp, and Aiea-cd dimly
U>d fai ". ifc-ud.— Both fe« and land looked
dark - ;i0£ from, th'-'ii original chaos t
tad light .ir-i! dzrftncfs ftcmed Oill urdivi ihr morning by
4i%tt< In* <epar>4ott. -The tin are
J*HL«d, a ; ■.■•«•. T 1: fofefU, wW\ Wt ■
leaned hlidc *tx.^ 60000^6 £u/j?h«, from vwbeute, uo ra, Wm «-
J j &etAo&
i 1 8 Brytancfr 3W tbftugb Sully and Malta.
fleeted to fhew their form or colours, appears a new ereiflo* fltftg
to the fight; catching life and beauty from every iocre*afiigl)«mi>—
The (bene ftill enlarges, and the horizon feems to- widen and expMd
itfelf on all fides-; till the fail, like the great Creator, appears in
the eaft, and with his plaftic ray completes the mighty {bene.— Ail
appears enchantment ; and it is with difficulty we can believe we fare
frill on earth. The fenfes, nnaccuftomed to fuch objects, are bewfl-
dered and confounded; and it is not till after (omc time that they
are capable of feparating and judging of them.— The botty of the
fun is fecn riling from the ocean, immenfe tracks both of lea and
land intervening ; the iflands of Ltpaii, Panari, AHcudi, Strombalo,
and Volcano, with their fmoking raminits, appear under your fcet;
and yoa look down on the whole of Sicily a9 on a map; and cfea
trace every river through all its winding, from its fource to its
mouth. The view is abfolutely bounce); on every Me;' nor Is
there any one objeft, within the circ!* of vifioa, to interrupt it ; h
that the fight is everywhere loft in the immenfity ; and lam per-
m fcftly convinced that it is only from the imperfection of our organs,
'that the coafts of Africa, and even of Greece, arc not difcovered, as
they are certainly above the horizon. The circumference of the tit-
tle horizon on the top of ./Etna cannot be lefs than 2000 miles";' at
Malta, which is near zco miles diftant, they perceive all the erup-
tions from the fecond region ; and that ifland is often difcovered
from about one half the elevation of the mountain ; fa that at the
whole elevation the horizon null extend to near doable that diftarfce,
or 400 miles, which makes 800 for the diameter of the circle, and
24.00 for the circumference. But this is by much too vail for our
fcnfes, not intended to grafp fo bonndlefs a fcene. I find, indeed,
by feveral of the Sicilian authors, particularly Mafia, that the Afri-
can coaft, as well as that of Naples, with many of its iflands, have
often been difcovered from the top of JEtnt. Of this, however, we
ieannot boaft, though we can very well believe it. Indeed; if we
knew exaAly the Height of the mountain, it would be ealy to calcu-
late the extent of its vifible horizon ; and (wt mtrjm) it its vifibfe
horizon w« 'exactly arccrtained, it would be an eafy matter to eal-
dilate the height of the mountain. — But the moft beautiful part of
the fcene li certainly the mountain itfelf; the ifland of Sicily, and
the numerous iflands lying round it. AH thefe, by a kind of magic
in vifion, that I am at a lofs to account for, feem as if they were
brought clofe round the fkirts of /Etna ; the dirt anccs appearirife' re-
duced to nothing — perhaps this Angular effect is produced from Oft
rays of light patting from a rarer medium into a denfer; which '(from
a well known law in optics) to an obferver in the rare medium,' ap»
pears to lift up the objects that are at the bottom of the denfe erne;
as a piece of money placed in a b2fon appears lifted' up, fo'foon as
the bafon is filled with water. ' ■ ■ * ■* '
* The RtghntD;fertat op the frigid zone of j€tna, is thefcrfrebjeA
that calls your attention. It is marked out by a circle of fnow 4nd
ice, which extendi on all fides to the diftance of about eight mfkt.
fb the center of this circle, the great crater of the mountain fea¥t itt
turning head, and the regions of intenfc cold and of intense heat
fecm for cvjr to be united in the fame ooint.— On the north fide of
. :hcy aifane us, that are fcvenl fmaJI hk*s that
-nd tbtt in rain/ places, tie inuw, mixed ■
c mountain, it auorrrulued to an imairaao
r.K : and indeed I fuppote the qu.ir.riiy of file* o'numtd in fail
■ c jrclcrvatio* of iu fnowi.—
• w Dijf'tm i\ imnrdiatdy facctcdcd by tJic 5 the
..ion , wkica fjrais a circle or giidJc of the mofl beaamfB)
:ucn fur:cruads ihe mountain, on *ll lidci, and h certainly
of tbe moft c> Irghe:ui fpou on earth. ThU forma x lemarlubhr
in% w;tb the d<fcr: region, li ii not fmooth and ctcq tike it c
-art ot else Utter; but is anely *aritr»:cd by in in£niic
i tacic beautiful little oaounci -»c been formed by
""wot erorcions of jEtQj. All thele hive now icqu
fol degree of fertility, except a very few that arc but newly
i dut :►. will in liieje ave or fix Hundred years i for il
i, aires foe. them to ilicir jjicjici degree
a! perfection. We looked daws into the caters of ibcic, and ii-
tranpcrd. bet ia vain, to outaSer then
c circctrilererice of ihii aooe, or great circle on /fctna, i; cot
left theai.yoor 3d miles. It is every *hcrc fa-c: ceded by the **nc-
vanst, orchards, and cort-fictdi that compofc the fogis** Cab** Or
This zone i> owich btoadct tuuii the >. tiicrs, and
extends on ail 6dcs to the toot of t)ie mountain- lrj whole circam-
|cr*9CC« according to Krcapero, is if ; milcj. I:
i number of little conical and fphcrica] rooui'
:ul variety oHji.hs and colours
mnded by the tea to the
-< ;dl, a d >n «il it* other fides by tlie riven S
n:ara, which i\tool\ run round it. The wh z of
.a\ their beautiful windings through
, t!:c favourite poftlfon rf Ci
frene of tnc iapr or
: -;*■) ;i ittle farther, and you emlwace the ■ ; &d,
, riven, aod moo.-»uini.
l#f^a!6ic . all the adjacent jtf and-, (be whfk v*»au\ cf h»i.<
etc ua ;eict ; fvr it is nowhere bounded,
tie's t1r»l ri
"ic fca. ar.d in the air. By Jc^; i
•ic, is confined only to the nc
I tint? to e.iJinrnc a fourth region ot
i->lccd» from ilic other*, and prodociive of i- i
/. given being to jU tae reli ■, I
ncit cbe region ci are-
: iris iBimcnfc i-uKino ii ■ ut
aides »f i -ii on
CKli 6de#;.- i w t «U t i\3'
. . . • ■
loci . imxedU:
mlU d:iR-n :\r hJe of tj^c mnui
\ /Mrt of th? iirjjrVTpIiere of the fai
I ■♦
120 TSrydont't.riurtbrmigbSufymtfM*** —
with itfelf, h OcM-erncirtEeto^
air, according to tke dirtBiou of the »N ;, wttich, WMlUfdfetMli^ -
carried it exa&ly in the opposite fide to that n Inn M ■■.iillisni idli ;
The crater is To hot, ihatatis vert cUngemn*. ifrnot, JEapgftUe, taeA
go down into it; bdide*, the ijnojse is »ery jpcominp^joy. ji^jWj
many places, the furface is fo fofc, that them have hen fiiiwa ojjj
people finking down in it, and paying for their temeriw wJta t
lives. Near the center of the crater is the great mouth 6F t
cano. That tremendous gulph Co celebrated in all ajes, loo£e
as the terror aad kourge both of this and another luV; ana equally1
vfeful to ancient poets, or to modern divines, when thc'Mflft.-or'
when the Spirit inspires. We beheld it with awe and with hunut,
and were not furpnfed that.it had been considered as the place of toe •
damned. When we think of the immenGty of its depth, the vaft
cells and caverns whence fo many lavas have iflued ; the force of. it* -
internal fire, to raifc up thefe lavas to (6 vaft a height, to fupport it I
as it were in the air, and even force it over the very fammit of tw *-
crater, with all the dreadful accompaniments ; the boiling of iSe1''
matter, the making of the mountain, the explofions of rUicmw
rocks, &c, we moil allow, that the molt enthufiaiuc imagiaaritoPtt
the midft of all its terrors, hardly ever formed aa idea of a bell>i&cfs»)
dreadful.' :? 'jus: "
What aA exquifitedefcription baa our ingenious Author give*
us of his afcent to the fummit of this fupremely glorious aad ' -
dreadful mountain ! We fee every thing which he law, we fee \u
all that be felt, we fliare in his fatigues, and we partake of his
raptures. Indeed, Mr. B. the Reviewers, their Readers, a»4
the public in general, are highly obliged to you, for the delight
you have afforded them !
Our traveller's recital of the circumftances attending his de-
scent from &tna, and return to Cattania, .with his philosophical
obfervations on the feveral phenomena, and fubjeds in natural
hiftory, which prefented themfelves to his view, would afford
our Readers an entertainment almoit equal to that of his */#*rwr
upward? — but we muft defift : the temptation, indeed, is great i
but we are not to forget the fcanty limits of our pamphlet.
The remainder of this firft volume is taken up wjth/ tne par-
ticulars of Mr. B's voyage from Catrama to SyracuCt ; fiom
thence to Malta ; and from Malta to Agrigeiimm : compre-
hending h>s entertaining defcriptions of the feveral cities and
countries, and their inhabitants. ..
In the fecond volume, he continues his' account of the
Airigentiniy ancient and modern * and then proceed*, <fcy land,
to Palermo, his favourite city ; in the praifes of which -he is by
no* means fparing. His defcription of Palermo includes^ a* gce^t : "
variety of obfervations on the manners, cuftoms, law$,'ficT ot.
the Sicilians, with the natural hiftory and antiquities 'w^ey^
country: alfp a curious letter on comets; in which tlae. wef y^
ingenious W/iter endeavours to fubjeel thofe cclcftial warwcicra,-
tc,
to tfci,ki»l1U-4ifft'*«V-— *'or «IJ thtle particulars wctrwft
r-iVr to- the wock. Ufclt ; whkh coociudea with the Author1*
rcturto to Napie**.
Ai*Sww. if cor Readers ate plcafrdwith our e.tra&s ffrwri
jbcfclmm.mmy, i to the delight we hai
fa! of tbe -whole, r':- ink it qui
"otr comutiis rnoregooj
ic ;:> v.uictji of cntrnjutyucjit, than U
tt.be fc .- i i -«;/■' '••;'• n I ' — n truth, we catwiot,
.c4iurccolkd wwthat caa b-put in competition with it.
.ill. VktUviifOr+r\ a Poetical £fty, in Three CMtft,
4w. I j. 6 J. Dodfitf. i
1:d little Poem, which fhev«a tl : Ai tbi
aO«i ferine ! tafte, th-
us a principle of virtu:, oil (lut maxim re-
corded bj the lace Mr. Shcnftonc, fcuu felt and ackAowMgol-
by ta>t pKiioiopatr* ot the academic fchool ■, vix. that mi ob*
wcrnt connexion may be traced between moral a ltd phvficit-
fceautv, the iore of i)mmetry, and the love ol
The Pbem i divide into three canttw. \\\ the firft th^ Lot*
te" Owlet it represented as i principle of ▼*?; |e in every
j:m i . ii every flaee and evert fljfion of lift.
I tdUowlag Itntt arc ftroAjl) chanftertftie, and clofc *M|
c« fremiti's obfcrvai^ii :
■Vhen Reaitm firft begtna to dawn,
See the poftr fehool boy r.mnd the bwn,
Is circle* '■ rrsr.
Hi* w&nton plaj. fellow* purfue.
In roaabex'd ilcps they (cap. or run ;
ilod end rhr race afcew iftaty begun.
Of newtjtem plscing on the ground
. .- cixe-piot iquuo, their marbles roood 3
11 tkeli uifljr.j; fports you'll fee
:tr am! regularity.
aifc, wbrn vinaaudy sncttVd,
. principle improVd wc tind.
H ufemeera, gcltum, perfOo, drcfa,
A* bamooy of fool evprcfc :
With care cacb facial duty paid t
A oant uffladici laid ;
AnJ oook* i« decent order pls«.*.i ;
i)»fpljy th<- mtfi#Uol"lii* talU.
• JJi* UA t<»<r JcnourKC) 1 of miking fotoc e*cu.-Jjt;;i»
through tkat klficgdom . j:il feenii to proinife hit corrctfjuodentvan
acejOBM Of* wkat«*rr migfcr occur, tail fhould b* drem >
Xii rrat«4'a otftrratioah Hccce we may txpt I 10 twi" ^te
fceeaour.
■
" '-in
< Bat tbo6,tfa*foi*J^Of^ lifter '
Prove truant* too arans Virtue's fchaiL >**{*>■
Whilft fuch their midnight vigils kc*p, «t»U| W
. And revel, when they ;ougot toflesfrt n frr , il.o
Their looks, their drcisfrora hao4 to-. £*#»*;. .^v-
A dimabilleofcondoafliow. li , « "Wi* :j,v;
Thus on a fea of ptfioos tot, ^.' |l.
The ballaft of tte fool is loft *• J !% "
• t Then vice and anarchy abound ;
And Reason's voice in tomolr 's drownM. ' ' *' '
'. * In age, when life begins to wane, • ■ '• ■'*
- This vmnoos habit ftrcngth will gain ;
Bach -day, each hbor, its duty knows 3 v *
And life mechanically flows..
He Hies, reads, eats, walks, or rides ;
" • His dock each ftated motion guide?.
He coenn his fteps beneath 1ns wall ; . :: ^ *
Or takes twelve tons along the hall :
\ He dines at Three, he fops at Nine ;
•* •* He takes three pipes, three enps of wine j • '
And, in ftria rales faprcmcly bicft, • • '*
Goes early, with tbt mmSp to reft. . .
% The fsur Cofmeli*, from a child, '
la corious heaps her play- things pi I'd ; •
From four years old to toll fourteen,
Each doll and painted toy was feeu
In Order in her clofet fet,
And form'd a perfect cabinet.
1 Lo I now in lavender fhe wraps
Her aprons, handkerchiefs, and caps ;
And, neatnefs with her years increahng,
(The Love of Order never ceafing)
Her regularity of tafie
Preferves Cofaelia prim and chafte? .
Difdaining to become a wife,
She keeps immaculate through life
Her deaths— and virgi a purity ;
And dies a maid at fixty-tbrec. «"
1 So flrong in age this love we fiad,
That oft' the fuperficial mind
Miitakcs it for that odious vice, 'I v
By all detefted, Avarice.
* When on his lleeve in finning rows >
His pins the careful Prifeo {hows ;■ * ■ • »*•:••
Or when, to feed his fowls one fees in ■£.
Him'fave the paring* of his cheefe, 'k
Collecting fcatter'd crumbs of bread ;
Or, when he fcolds his fervantNed, - 1 '
For Wvifhing his horfe*s meat, 1 -
. Or leaving (craps — he cannot eat; • ■"'• "• !
You think him fordid— No fuch matters h-i
I know the worthy Prifeo better. -v
TU Im Pf Qwr % d<Wiu*E?;jHt.
>*J
tlif firt* place, jpy Obr^
\\ hen crumb* for chicken's meat he hoard*,
IFroea *tat 1 fc:l rey&Jf)
' no: off
What >n theft ' neVnce
Tkinjp not *ppl> 'J lo proper ufcs .
frifco. lh< ! rofafc IJ4
Who th.'ew in hilt* burnt match a-
Vet to colk&iott! at his Jvor
G*»c fifty pouad* — to feci :fcc poo;."
the fccorul radio wc m«ft with An ufeful hint, toward
tbc modern unnxnting fondue
girdeqing, &c. *co.« in panic ii with an lundfamc COmplinM 1
Chatham'* well-known fafte, in the mttctf iLiaJud to :
• Thft.ig»i Pi«. in hit A It**,
..-,'% nvairrtf line purfuc* ;
Audi Icetchjing with a • .ill,
Coatufis each f rorc or*! rtfivf kill ;
AnJ. from raiiciy of dui
With one gram? W*fr our faccy warm* ;
Yet let bo ■ I >!fc#
[pofc OL';. ,CJ[
In ufifntly oaf
And ; ■ . ■ ■
The ftratdeor cr :kc charrai of Hajw,'
In the laft canto, the deviation* (ton* rvjJcr, OCcaSoeed by
licpjffioBS are accounted for a;id ckferibed, For intlancc:
infaflon !■ each face
And be. :: Rncl fcol4.
Rire »f he' Ha'Mr.g eye* tpj;
And 1 5t orTecd* our car*.
Smnen mi^ht think, from looks fo u3U,
'6 lo* her iiulhand, or her chiL1.
. foriCCir:
Ha* broke a fiocej, or
fa ^ould i.
Another to smflift ttn JtK
• Thodgh rhu* livla f orim and raiZi j *
The Low c-f <Mcy till prfraib;
So noch 0* *r/«vt' , 'J,
All banncay »2tl.
(to fyllcii »l ir^ ;
few. when 'i .1
nay, w« ior,
J*fOOuce Irrcjflla/ity.'
Tk
lit n#.£mgfCMr; * ptt'utl Efifli. .. ...
The condufien does honour to the AwhorVbo* ar'a mo-
»Kft tod ttw poet:- r. - , •■ i-^TlS 3HfP
« O ! flea, with care, my worthy -ftiennV -<• -** J.
Thb rating principle ttttjn. -.. a ./J :,n3,; ,fi*qv-
WhilH yet Within your youthful brcail . %:,;-- ,i<j. q'^i/on-cv
Face, Harmony, tad Order, reft ; I V*S13
. ^ . Your foul no vicious impuUb knows J. \ (Ij, i0"v,-.. -
No paffidn ruffle* your repofc. . . ,r . ' ,, v'
Midft diffipaTion'i baneful force,' % -' "' ""
(OF vice aH* infamy the fouree) :' :' *** < i : *"
Thepledge of Virtue's empire, ftrive - **roft?«*
i To keep this veftal flame alive ; J-«wi y*ir;
a..' ■ • Which Wy, battling fcenes no left ■ ikiqw*
y v* M> . May quench, than fbapeleis Idlcnds. i . :-xrc ft if
. .1 ,j. .*. I^t Reaibn at the helm prendc, . v*vm wrfc
,...,. ,_A»d ev.'ry thought and action glide : ,,.: rf efKJ
Jit her maintain her fov'reign fway ;
* l , FaJSon and appetite obey : . - .
* '" JjCt Fancy gua ybor lcifnre-hours ; "\ \
Adorn, not rale, the mental pow'rs. ' "•'" -T
* Nor let me damp that gen'rous fire, ".^'i;
Which beauty's various charm* infpire ; .- "•>:•
Which troth and fymmetry impart >j .» :
In tutwari forma to win the heart :
In beauty's fcale each object fcan» . ;i -I
From lifeleft matter up to man : .:.i9.
With ftatues, columns, feaft your eyes ;
But let your tafte fuperior rife, , " '**
With nobler raptures taught to trace
' The fair** moral charms, that grace ' J,r ''
A foul from lawlefi paffion free, ■»■ -*»
A lift of Regularity. »nl
Such be your life ; nor think 1 preach \
Thefe maxims ancient {ages teach. .-Hi
No frowns feverc their pupils frights , : ;::
, .. But Virtue, drawn in faireft light,
To Truth and Harmony ally'd.
With fmiling Beauty by her fide ;
True Pleafurefets before our eyes, , - " . "
And to be happy makes us wife.
c Thefe obvious truths then keep in view ;* - ■*"* • •
Through life thefe maxims fage phrfue. ^ •»' an"1
Each morn plan oat the future day j. . :■• s n- t ..
Each night your actions paft fnrvey a •
And rtgulmrly " with the fun, .
Your conftam flage of duty run.9*
... * Thus by the Love nf Order Jr«\, . .
I" Life's thorny.path you'll Tafely 'tread i .
Tranquillity'your nourslhill blefs^' "
. AndYirtu-eleadtoHapfinc(i/ " " ; '"'•"• ' '- r"-
AlT,
- *» :v
ET.TT
[ "5 3
Ai- Ey farm Armlbcmfr. M. D. PhjfidaJ to
410* i i* Id. Davie*, i;
THESE Eflavs are rtErtra in number, and make up near
tbtrtyftvm P*g«» large pnn:«—Wc thai), with nil due
refpecl, attend Dr. Artaihong through tbc whek of this volu-
minous publkation,
i Efiat I. Of Theory, From this eflavwe leant, • that tbc Jil
corcrr of the circulation of the blood hat been of no real ui«
eo the healing arts that the operations of medicines aie rnyftc-
rici; and trur i: is 2a abfurdiry to attempt to explain thefc
mjftcries: toat fecretion is anotner myflcry, abou; which you
may puzzle and blunder a» lung as you pleafc, to no kind of
purpose : and, finally, that ft* man of fenjf, and inch only can
be a good phyfician, will long arnute tiimfcJf with ifce theory
•Iter engaging in the practice of the art." — Alier l"u.
pona, who cowld think that Dr. Armllrong, before he came % to
the end of this little eiTay, would bimfelr ftJI into the depth*
of (he moS nsyitcrious tneoxy ? ■ For my part, fays Di. A- J
am humb!y of opinion that every gland bas an occult I
magkal power* inexplicable to the human facul . tramf*
firming ibe blood which pullo ihxQugh its fabric into this or
that particular bumoar.'
— Xvtvram fuuc rtptBat,
Efcy II Of the I*$rmenu tf rhffk. « The great inflni-
menu of phy&c are, bleeding, vomiting, and Wittering; fuch
evacuation as are produced by ineieaGnf; ihe natural dj/charges|
and a lew capital fpecific medicines, fu p urn, mercury,
aotimonj, and the Peruvian bark/ And, wkh refpecl to#;.
terttivu, our Author lays, * there arc many rcafons for fupuo*
fing the moft violent cathartics and emetics, and even i&me
polices, in fmall dofe*., the belt alteratives/
FxTsr III. Of Fevers. * Nervous, putrid, bilious, petechial
or mi lie , they are all of the fame family ; and in this great
town tbefe arc alrn<ift the only fevers that have for many yean
perilled, and do (till, to the graar definition of mankind/ —
Dt. Armllronr, who fij cord^lly CCH .. here
again relapfe* into the finful frailty cf ihccriliog. Tbefc fevers
uifc ftom 1 feaftl ecrixaxy ; the blood is deprived of its whole-
some balsamic down by a fep-
t'*c fpirit, a deleterious gns. — I beta aie tbc chief ^Formation*
whkh we receive from this- cfiay.
, j IV. and V. Of BMing. In thefe two tfflys Dr. A.
reforms us, that Weed >fibly necelTaiy In »JI genuine
inflami . that a <m*il c ten away from ■ large
orifice, and fo fuddrnly as to occaflon fwoontng, has a more
feet in checking tnc inffarr matron, than a larger
1 26 Armflrong*/ Medical Ejfaysi
quantity taken away From a fraall orifice: and that in. tbofir
cafes where bleeding is not indicated, it is very prejudicial.
* I am pofitive, fays Dr. A. it is talking very hiucfi* within
bourn*; to fay , that many more Engliftmehdie'by the lartdefat
horhe,- fhan by the fwprd*' abroad/ '- A
Eflay VI. Of Blsjttrthgi Thk mighty eflay conflfts * t**€P
teen lines ;. where we are iufor/ncd, that in a .■catarrhaus- rftSrerj
and , in a oleurffy, bliftiers often £ive* relief ; but that Hi1 "row
fevers, they are of little or no ufe — Dr. A. adaV, « fr*1i
Hot the faftion to blifter upon the breaft, the ftonwdv,' oV tfoj
abdomen ; but it is highly probable that many Ccvtre ana1 8ttf
gerous complaints of the vifcera contained in thofe parts \tft$il
be greatly relieved if* not removed by Wittering upon intra?
At leaft it might be worth while to try fuch an ex>etirh<*lt|
especially as there is nothing hazardous in It/ * - * *™
Wc pretend not to determine what fpecles of blifteririg tmty
be the moft fajhionable ; but this we knotfr, that blifters areWjf
commonly and very fuccefsfully applied to the breaft, thVfltau
mach, and every other part of the abdornert, where either local
inflammation, or other topical affections call for thctr affiftattceV;
■ EffayVn. Of Cordials in Fevers. Where the' fever is of fcdi
a nature that cordials are1 indicated, our Author juftly obferVes-.
that wine will be found the mod efficacious ; and thai when
the patient is not ablfc to Avallow, they may be adminiftcxed
cither in the form of pfedilavia or fomentations. '
We moft heartily concur with our Author in his eighth efli$
in recommending cleanlinefs* and the free acctffs of frtfti air,'
in fevers.
Effay IX. OfBatk'm* in Fevers. « Cool and old, fay* Dr.'A.
1 take to be two capital antifeptics ; and where frtjb air is 'riot
fufficient, 'aid Hvater may be worth trying, or at leaft cbn-
£dering. '•
4 In inflammatory fevers this practice to be Cure is ■ quite
out of the question ; for no man in his fenfes would ever'
thinlc of ufing the cold bath in any fhapc, when the vital poWeri
are already too violent. One would not be in a hurry to'try
the hot, or even the warm bath, in thofe fevers. But there aft
fevers of the low kind in which they might probaWy he" iffcrf
with fome fuccefs. Warm, or hot baths, impregnated 'wMf
aromatic vegetables, with fpirituous and fermented 1iqubVs{
strnongft which I include vinegar, feem to be very propefi'ob-
je&s of experiment in fuch cafes.
* For my part, I have no experience of the ufe tof bathr*
either cold, hot, or warm, of fea, fait, or frefh water, in 'any
kind of fevers. But there can at leaft be no great harm in!
pointing out a field, that as far as fevers are concerned, an^oUr*
intelligence extends, has hithefta lain alrritfft* intirdv* n*g-
V 8 lcaedi
AiraSraag*' MtJluii Ejfyti t2j
fcSflai; though very poJEbly it might be cultivated to'ibmt aJ-
A\ Dr. Armftrcn^'s ic*Jlo^ aivl exj tr-
ust Rejects, appear to be fo very limited, wc (hail rccom-
racnd lo hia careful pcri.fa] Dr. GilctuilVs uletul Obierva-
uons en the Advantage* of twwwr fasbi*ft in 1
kluVUod'* «©ic tremendous (chenic uf f*ur.£r.-it;«ng fevers,
bokU/ drenching ihe psticnt both cxte.-ni^y and internally with
In the 3ub Kftar* Dr. Armflrong 1* a ftrenuous advocnttrfot
taw indulgence of tooic it* ange longings, or un-ular ap^iiwj,
which £rrquenity occur in lexers.
in the Xlth and Utt Lliay we have, $«w **#•*&, m */*-#**
mtf Mmmsrifn.— Here »« Icam, k ihat ilic f»«f artfrt franMr
Jwkad4**imsvf j that the tlnni* jbnmttijm pto-rceds tarn a Mr/
■ :ed about iliel.gamcnts. <ifil>cjui,-ir.. Mid ibfefrn-
htte membranes that brace the BiaYcki and -
•A the ihcuiiiflt fixi, edr*
JavWij ©t~ mere prcJiurc' — £fyj/, £»£#, Dr. Arm
S*fc% d u»» « that *w ww rf f**f* will long aari
riioafelf with (he theory after cngagl
to what fiimfy and pucxi. -i>an-
i o ihdc cfiT* our meek and mcdefl Ion of VKlcuJapigi has
fubicincd a m< J it-
nd ** mis appeal ib indeed .ie and
colloCted c i-iucin'-, wefiiaU uanftcri
.—Here
* Kut enough \j\ this at psefent ; and what furlhtr rvbft/va-
tienuor co.-i|cc!urrs upon medical fubjtda th< .cfc
f.fTaitnuy fcntuic to cxpofc to th; deferred
ten ill ofanothixi
tbefc liHlo-KCar* l^way
of > —Upon honourbextor* no: — ! oi 1
tare '^li.tZ fc
a tew fiterdu and artjoaimantea-i unv-rv.tf wfcorn fce commonly
ind$ fufficient 'emp9ovment.tofecttrr Mm rrotn the melatKhofy
hnrwnr 0/ itMene- r<mind« mult
aaui rally haunt ■ i.p.\tr^ri.--'J bough he could ncjhcr
- heap n( rmpmatni l#e» >;i hi* own I'tiifc, wherevef he
«tm . Ie9| wdr1 wT.be tare, rni>*h iclt »lh-
w, with tfwnkoJOfi «#')** 11 infi.iii. Knelv ttnpid,
well bred irnpcitin^ot, gooJ i malicious obliging de-
rrrclling. < . 1 fwitm with
people that v» ^r ^ miglity
fcoaft to any one that b sot a • acepaimod w^K
e^trfrwwn io !h« be m-jht h«v« i*onrfw» •f.in»*-
a
rzt A rmft rong'j Medical Ejjliyu
phjfic.— Moft certainly he could— But that his Ambition had a
great many years ago received a fatal check from a tickfMh test
of fpirits, that made him afraid of a Bunnefi in which he found
himself expofed to much anxiety, and a croud of tcizjng ass*
comfortable mortifying circumftances ; to be encountered at ait
hours, and in every kind of weather. But for that diftempcrad
eacefs of feofibility he might have been as much renowned as
aJmoft any Shack— notwithstanding even his having imprudently
•abiifhed a lyftem of what every body allows to be found phy-
Jc— only indeed that it was in verfe. However, it is wall that
tome particular people never reckoned him the worfe phyfician
for all that.— And, as It is become the fafhion to praife one*
sals— -Though he does not fay that nont »f bit patients dit \ he
haft (bate reafon to believe, that in proportion to mimbenv
whether from (kill or good-luck, not many phyftcians have bear
snore succefsful in the management of dangerous and difficult.
cafes.*— Moft probably indeed from good-luck ; as he has new
been remarkable for it in any thing elfe. — In the meantime he
has heard that his character, as a phyfician, has been ungena-
loufly nibbled at by people of his own profetfion ; which he un»
derftands has had its intended effect upon fome gentry, who it
teems are too fhallow in the knowledge of human nature, of
mankind, and even of the world, to have obferved that pcopta*
of the fame bufinefs zrcfimtiima not very fond of one another \
and that to be an object of detra&km in fuch cafes is no flan!
of inferior abilities. However, to comfort and fupport htmmtf
under the dark hints of fuch illiberal enemies ; it is natural fa*
him to recollect that there zxtjiillfome GentUmtn of the faculty,
who have candour and gencrofity enough among ft themfelvts
to give him all reafonable credit, even as a phyfician. But the
lies of malice are more liftened to, and circulate much fafterV
than the fair reports of good-nature.
■ So much at prefent for bis hiftory as a phyfician — A* an
Author too his fate has been somewhat particular. — His having
written a Poem upon a fuhjed reckoned of no inconfidcraMe
confluence to the health of mankind was, as fome" fay, fuas-j
cicnt alone in this age and meridian, to have ruined him as ay
Phyfician. At the fame time, from the treachery of one Book-
feller after another, it is true enough what one of his friends,
gueflcd not long ago— that though his works, as he called them*
had J$ld grtttily \ he did not believe they had all together brought
him near (o much as has often been made by one play that de-
ferved to have been* damned.
* To put an end to this detail of misfortunes and complaints
in which the public is very little intcreftcd 'That his long fu£*
ferance and contemptuous filenoe may not for ever, by the aroft
muddy whs, be miftaken for an acquiefccncc in the fmm* de-
crees
Armftror>g\ M&alEjfyt.
-■^.TT^N
\a\ by idijii Crttui , h [i
Uiw.i ioJ|xiaI/ ,. v.vU out «v
I jv, or -
a 4
lie
...1.4-
;:c— Bus ti.ic • Y t\*Ufa
, bxrrcn, hc&vy Udpucn, f|j|f
come to b- J.'- ^tJ l:
the mob, ihcy infuk a.-.J tin [| -i, i'j-
bc i by the very,
: milled, -i
ppcan to be t hit fl tot;- . i o i •. . -iong
Uun ; wliy pr*i|
Ou'il
And foaie fay, th .rnan
.*. ■'/ to pals fentrnce 3jj; : ■:■ * ;i i:cv.
chc cert-rtti.il)' ol g i uua
I i (aci-/»jirt ri* — Such an: :!: ■'.. . . u\*
public upon
klllTAlcdgl
. . mcifnu
th Jw)go h*vc in - '.•!.••■! i iidvci
» ...:cd with cl'i .. .,»L.i
t. An
• t'
KUVJUf.'
^ Jcij
.-i>
^
IflLhUlC.'Sl'UU-
a
8R-
fpeccil
A XT,
t »3* J
Art. X. The M$aomt*t in Arcadia ; a Dramatic Poem i« T*o AcTsy
By George Keate, Efq. 4 to. a s» Dodfley* , 1773.
*+"*HfeRE irst simplicity of intereft, fcenery, and charade*
."X ' m this little Poena > which render it truly Arcadian * alft
the claffical air aiTumed by the Paftora] Mufe gives her a very -
graceful appearance. The fiery is simple and tender. In the
wars between the Lacadsemonians and Achaiaiia, Doraftus, a
rich (hepherd of Arcadia, has the misfortune to be plundered of
his daughter, at that time an infant and an only cbHd.v TBe-
inconfoTable father treS a a monument in fame melancholy •
ibade, to indulge the memory of his misfortune, and facrificr
to his forrows. On the monument was this infeription, Et
in Aacadia Ego. 1 too was of Arcadia. The loft daughter* ',
however, returns with a Spartan lover, comes to celebrate her
nuptials in thefe very (hades, and is recognized by announcing
the name and circumftances of her Arcadian nurfe with whom
&t had been carried off by the Spartans. At firft bearing of the
kermiticailife or" Doraflui, (he goes wilh her lover and a train-
of Arcadians,: whereof Mufidorus was the chief, to visit him.
Tkt Stem* ipexing difcovtrs a Wood* Jm the Middle of the Staff is #
Monument, with a Stat** of a Kjmpb Iting en 'it,- Ufien iu ■ ,
Bafe appears this Infeription, in large Cbaraacrik. '-
I TOO WAS AN ARCADIAN. *{
DORASTUS ifjetm/ondiag mar the Tenth, with a Bajta •fFleavm \
in ait Hood, f aging the following • \
A. JL ** . > V]
My woes. O McmVy ! ceafe to trace; mj'm
Ah I enrfe no more toe Spartan race ! " ■<
Come meck-ey'd Patience, calm my mind*- '
And make it to itt fate refign'd. —
Thii fancy'd form, this empty tojqb .. -,{ .
Relieves the rigoor of my doom. "i u ',
Enter MUSIDORUSv LYSANDERr EMBEM-ijL
. DELIA, DAPHNE, ami LA UiR *>
MuSID. Behold (he good old man-! On the tfilliidr*
How {weedy floats bis plaintive voice 1— -— Betide
This wood be dwells, and hereat fetting-fhap ■ '.'
Sings his accuftom'd dirge, as Mcm'ry drops." "'*.
A figh d*er happier scenes that time hath clos'd.
Lys Ait. Say» what yon pilewhkh he, beftnswbwrthfldw'ra i*
It seems a tomb, and that fairicuiptm'drvoraa >
Declare* ic fuch.; as does the epitaph,-' abhd \W
** I toe ivoj am Arcadia*" .. i* .jl>3.i*| ba ',
Mut 1 d. He bew**>'' y
* Audaoghter torn away, oa whom he built , J -\ -^^\ ^ ,y
The comfort of hi*, age ; .it it iqi -hex
This mourafalnile jaj jrcarM, thefe rites per form 'd.—
?i„ ' • ■•• ^j- i » tJ. .-At ?. Bar
let esaot
J3f
Bat (rift '—A moment end* then;
Uiit'e hii privacy.
[7*ir| fop nii'tJ m tntJUt if ikifaf,
>ORASTUS *«rtarj r*< <^f ftmeitg th Ptnimi r$**Jdt 7«*;,
e fpifit, peue fee tbtnc!
is tad office Itill be mine;
c fond txuxk» of lotc roc-:
All m drooping Tire cut gnr.
&•/, Lvjamih J/fyvrfit avf/AMusiooRci;— E^rMf-
,?mm «^ Laura. 5*/ of in fin t ktt Ejti •* lU
?"*f y#jrf t*4tJttk*j tuhxwtt,
rVh'iii>. Good cv*t, DifAirv?,
rid heard be ill thy oiiiooi !— Behold
ng wit a xnc a pair, who even now
At yaodcr confecrafeH altar feal'd
The bond of wedded faith- tit n their Wont,
Beyond the Jbuthern mountain* 9 but iltfirc
* thefc our plains hath n/g'd their. (Icpi
■uli u». Lut they (ue
Yoejr grace and welcome; and will prove. 1 j 1 ! -
Worthy your coortefy.— Their bridal bed
Mr dauj;ii;cri have prepaid t i*nJ I myfrlf
Shall be their this ; iiiipuKV
Hath won me to their fcivicc.
k. Stranger* here.
Each mark of boipiolity mnfl charm ;
And fooch co fay, this our kii d patron*! carp
JIatb far out.lrip'd my hope.— -Mi^ht wc obtain
*n, refjxcieJ Hermit, nothing
Remains rocroun our fortune.
Doras, If ihe bicfiing
Of an old man by many a forrow v.
AraJ bcjw'd b) ma of a year, can aughi avail,
0 rate it, freely taie ir. May the aft
Of this lair day fee profper'd ! nay a length
-pp-ocit be your* I a virtuoua race
To both endear the world ! and all your pat lit.
Your ev'niug paths of life, be fprcad uith rVVf*
That trrvcr grew In Dior!
1.TSAK. Ah! much I r
That your'i hare prov'd uneven I For y«ur rtifhej
it sic your debtor. My BVrniWM too,
M> bride fai.I thaa* you ; fur her heart is gentle,
And grateful at the fiow'r char payi wit'a fweco
1 h« geo»aJ foearar/*! bounty !
4Jrr*rar/c Burnt mi a. Ar/a/j htr looting ttwaa /i* Tvxl viritla
m ntl*weiniy Aurmtatm.
Ha ! ray lore-,
Whence thU arouc ' why doft thou Ur.d thy fi^ht
K a
O*
*3* The Monument in Atca&s*
On yonder^toinb? and wherefore op, thy brow- "
Sits a defcxiptive forrow, that hath flraok
The luftre of thine eyes, and damp'd the joy
Which fparkled there but now ?— Say, . why ii this J , ,
What the ftrange caufe ? '
EifPHHU. The caafe is. in myfelf*,
O my Lysanper I I have fbofd my fenYe .
With vifionary hope, and now awake
To meet my error.
Ltsan. Nay! explain, EuFHrss'tW
Eufhem. This good man's figh has op*d my eyes \ this fccne-
Of death has andeceiv'd me.— Blind to thiulc
That there was any ground where mortals tread
On which affliction walks not ! Ev'ry clime .
Engenders human woe ; and fam'd Arcadia *
Is pregnant with the. fame diiaftroui fortune
That other regions know.
Doras. Our HTe, fair lady,
Mnft needi be chequerM thus.
liTSAN*. Alas! my lore,
Let us enjoy the good, nor with vain fearck
Anticipate misfortune r com'e it will.
Though Wifdom ftand as guard ; and e'en tftefe fliadu*
Muft sometimes own its pow'r.
Euphbm. Miftaken maid!
Is this the land where pleafiire only reign'd ?
Was it for this I pae'd (b long a way i
Abandon'd Sparta i and fo far allur'd
Thy wand'ring fleps Lysander, here to meat
The face of forrow N— Where is that content,.
Abanthb boafted ? Where that peace, Die ftrd
Should greet our coming ? Ah ! could flic- deluded
That hone (he fo long nouriuVd ? »*., * n*
Doras. Heard I aright ? . Ii(. lt
Or did falfc founds abufe me ?— -—Spake yon not . ,
Of Sparta, and Aranthe, courteous ladyf
Pray yqu fay on ; for to my ear you utter*cV ""' -— —
A name well known. Arahthi ! knew yun hfrh <■„
And lives (he yet ? .1 ' • .
Lvs a n. Ah no! (he hna more!
With pious hand thefe maidens ciosM faer tyu, ifc
Bathing her corfe with tears. ■ ,1
Euphem. In her.I^ofl^ ^ -
. ' The bed of women, whofe indulgent care ;'' " n/^
No time fhall wear away. Her lateft wifiV " : ▼ W
Was I fliould fcek Arcaoia, where herfelf .^j«q 'i
Had fometime known a happier deftiny * • - r- J j
' Than Sparta's walls afforded. - • ■ •• • ..poi
Doras. You are then - '•■T.iylat '
Her daughter doubtlefs j you perhaps have olfc lo , u of
Heard her relate ' , . ^
Lyfen? en mttrmittitf Ftvm% T>t*i>fm% fifft ijj
iod Hermit, you miftake;
] in InOUth tnfjny a y*ftf
■ i> deem d. till her ml breath unvcil'4
, and decfaj'd J (vu a pi
I uuucJ 10 her C4ic in i.il,i:.i >(j.*s,
t W« * Uuc - I tiiMihS COM ; '
— and 1 had w*Jk'i
- *OrlJ a f rpbajlj and ;!uf\C|
I at for this vir:u-u> yculh, to v-ho^i We riv'o
That lovi. . claim ■! - Due wjij c
I ICM-k d i a*e>
ar»
ibl< i:. thine C;,C .'
O Nature '— N-turcf
Who *hh tliy pO* rJ'tl, anJ mvjliWe hand
&**Vl| rv. uac with luroulf.— cm I think
Thr ilxir foreboding* of a tVrie?
A.-e r;i*'d or IcJt in vain i Tae ilroLt'i too great !
'*u your arm a tnocacnt. Yo— it mutt—
Tbofc feature* wr : [nathl —
There cannot be deceit. It li- Ei
My lang-Ioil child rcftor'd.
Et»mtn, AU-ruliBjj goo* I
ilavc >e upheld mc through the n:
;n '-wug, und onfcacavu, in tb.ii faj bad
To £uide me :o a parent .'
In**. Alls expJwYd j
Sbc long your coming, h
Some chance might bring abuvt this b;efl event
Th* ii ;'»d» have cmfperM,— -
There I* a picture .of Pooffin'* reprefeming fome Arcadian
bepitfda and ibcphciilcHc-, who conicropUtc a monument, on
•rhi. nfeription, E r t\ Ajk:adia Kuu; and
| jtdc drama :s pio/cflcJJ/ founded upon it.
AtT, \I. */«« fchnaMtg Fcv*rix Drtffn% Dtftafit
tffpri^* FUx4t, a* J J'* Off*
t/C*im$i J'hyficija at Rath,
i\\ mmusCoI! ;;r. frtferd, ti.'o. j a* fewed.
:(:ed, and lot i by Wilfcic in London. 177a.
WE Qui! give oj.-Rcad=rt a Qiortacccunt of this Author**
praitxx rcnl difcafc* enumerated in hi« title
r*6*«
[ fever 1. Dr. Lyfona hai found the (mice-root
combine J u-ith the bark, Ii fuccvfcfal. * When the
•nwrtn trie fits are clear, and no 11 fymp-
dicates ike this m-iiicinc, it is really fur-
i£ to pbfcjtc w:;at 11 will do, without any previous one-
£ ^ patauotu
134 Lyfons on intermitting Fevers9 DropJits% Vr.
paration. But when the firft pailages are loaded, or obnVu&erf,
they muft be cleared before any febrifuge cam taid-effccl.'1 ,
* My common dofe to adults is two' fcrapies of Bftrfc to ofte
♦of fnakc-root. Two or three dofo will rarefy fail (MtttiigH*
flop to anydiftincl tertian, or quartan ague. And 'ihAuid**
farther repetition be necefTary, it will be attended1 with thia
advantage, that the diforder will be lefs likely to return, than
when ftopped by the baric alone. -'- *-M
* In quotidian aguea there is feldom a diffidently dearfater-
miflion between the fits to give this powder at firft $ but afters
•clear intermiflion of fomc hours has been obtained' by other
means, then this powder is equally effectual in quotidian, aarn
•tertian, or quartan fevers.*
1 In dropfics, our Author's favourite remedy is calomel, wferCh,
given infmall dofes generally acts as a diuretic. Bathwaters
arc like wife ufeful, he fays, in dropfiea ; they correct the bHfc,
ftrengthen the habit, and at the fame time prove remarkably
diuretic— Where there is a difcafed liver, and this vifcus-is in-
durated and enlarged, Dr. Lyfons likewife recommends calomel
and the Bath waters. • <
■ In the Eflay on the Epilepfy, Dr. Lyfons relates one h'iftory
of the fuccefsful application of ligatures on the legs, on*' ifte
firft approach of the fits, which were always obferved to take
the beginning of their coutfe from the lower extremities.' ,:
Where the fits are apprehended to proceed from worms or
ronlm-fs of the firft paffages, Dr. Lyfons has an high opinion of
the efficacy of calomel.
"• The epilepfy is fometimes occafioned by hydatids or other
"matters immediately a&jng upon the brain ; and here our A*-
< "trior takes an opportunity to fpeak of the method bf.curfroy
trepanning; and relates the following curious hiftory of fie
'; operation as it was performed upon a bull. *:"
* A bull, belonging to John Heard, a tenant of rrtyifathefV
sit Hempftead near Gloucefter, was troubled with thia'tftfofdeY,
"When I firft faw him he was lying down, and appeared 'pto-
1 fecTiry at eafe, and well. Upon making him rife he ft retched
; bimlelf ; and afterwards, beginning to turn ipund, his eyes' wfcrc
; tyftotted, and with a fudden fpring leaping up, he fell down afgiin
" immediately upon his back with great violence. He then appeared
~ in all the agonies of an epileptic fir, and when he recovered otrfof
"it was for fame time very ftupid. By degrees he returned to tie.
food; and, until he fuifered a frefh aiwck, feemed in good health,
! * I was informed that young cattle only are fubje€t to "thia
"^ifeafe, ft never making its firft attack after the age oPtwo
years. I was alio told that the confluence of the "diforder
' .would be Certain death, except ir was relieved by opening' the
'head, and taking out a bladder of water; which was ah open*
'■**•' tjoa
Ljfcet W» i*Hfm;!:tn£ f'l-tri, Dr*$fitit ISc.
»3S
tie" , :r formed in the prcfent cafe within a hw cap.
3ng given rnc of the day appointed, 1 tooc with ojc
it Gloucester : an i
Kc . 'ihom one oi the mailer* U tbfl college Uhool th«c>
la own fijqucft, was alio of rJic party.
1 The bull, feting confined (n a oa/n, upon ih:» occafian,
was uV n with a rope 10 the uii. -ccr-
warefe kept down by the weight of several men upon hss body.
ting ft fit C4HK on, and continued ilua
cperai.on. Thii gave the operator time to perforin h:s v
kifurclr, without int afforded us an opportunity
offering
brge ca-t of the fcaip, zbo jc the Cite of a man** hand*
awl. in the (hapc of a parallelogram, wai on three fides fepft-
latcd from the (cull* bat CuhTcred to rcsuia entire on the
toward* ttx nose, and turned do*ii in that part. The
y. btinz thus Ijid Sire, the operator, by means of a harm
aod a knife with a fli-x: ilrong bla.lc, fucb M tUy-mtkcr* ufe
to Ipl-t wha'.e-bone, :oo< off a pirt of the fcull, of about an
h fquaxc, whkh I have in my pofletEon. Jiy ftr iking
tack of the knife with :he hammer, camicufly, in order to Mae
' tb« piece* I apprehended he wis enabled to judjf* of tbs
\ of the bone, which is here very unequal, and thereby
avoided doing any usjwt) to the dun mater.
be head being in tliUcuarfe, butctFttfku.il and fjfc manner
trepanned, the next thing wan to open the dura mater. Thr*
being done, in a very cautious manner, with a /harp penknife,
:tle ve&cle began to advance throufch the aperture, andgra-
Jj ifed to the free of a waJlnut, wj.cn the operator
lull'* head, fo at :o give the bladder a dcprndrjlg
pofit.on, it bui the contained water flowing out, the ope-
rator laid hold of the containing meml nd by degrees
with proper caution extracted it cntiie, as he (aid, if the cilt
was not taken oat clean* the diforJct would certainly retain.
After tliit, the part of the full tbac bad been laid bare wa*
aga^n tovcre the flap, and fomc coro-non cicfling* laid
o»er , by which means the bull* after being kept in the houie
_*r Ja^.foon recovered* and was pcifcdly ftccd from hi*
1 rln no; remember that the operator tried with bit
hammer to fcjnd the (cull, and find an h .|low place in the
jrannrz nacnlluued b) Wcpfcr. But before he began the opc-
'Cry carefully the centre of the forehead
ere the hair i] tc£lions, as tiic bnnc of
• part in I ftcn fyfiencd, and foretime* rendered
I fupfufc from the prciTurc oc the ctlt internally.
." whkh lobe i i the brain was moll compi
! _::.d* by obt«\ A£ whether the bcait turned to (he
136 Hawkefworth'r Account a/the Vqogti
tight, or to tRcleft before he fell into a fit. In the^efcrfrcaft
t,bc beaft turned tortre Itfi^ and the hydatid lay neatyln <tKt
centre, but rather inclining to the left. If the fymotom aboWafc
.'nrenuoiitd hold* good in the human fubjeft as we' Are told'' J
does m the horned cattle f it is to oe hoped we might, by d£>
aecviog k, and after death infpccling the brains of the decealed,
be at laft led to thp fame method qf relief, by knowing the e£
ad place where to perform the operation. Thte Matter- ap-
pears to me fo remarkable, and may poffibly prove of fuch corv-
requence, that 1 have not thought much of pry trouble ih
writing, and I hope the Reader will not be difTatished witn
leading this long, and othcrwife unneceffary digreffipfi.' '" ',!
/. . Weptfer faw thrs operation performed upon an ox afflicled
: with giddjnefs ; when a large number of hydatids were fuolttfd
ouf i but the vertigo (rill continuing, the creature was killed,
and on opening the head a number of hydatids were fbuntt ^b
(he ventricles of the brain *. {.'.*ff
' The two following h! flays are on the colic and dyfenjto fe
flukes; and the favourite remedy is Rill calomel. — The opera-
tion of calomel, is the fuhjefl of the laft hflay ; the principal
parts of which confift of extracts from Dr. Cullen's l.e£hfret
on the Materia Medica, to which are added forne ihptc obferVa-
- tions by Dr. Lyibns. X*
For further particular?, we mud refer our Readers to ihtfEfFays
(hcmfe!v^s; with this general obfervation, that thehiftoVies and
conclufions are not always fo full, determinate, and f^isfjuSbory,
, as might be wifhed.
/U'i . XII. At Account of the VvjegU undtrtoktn by the Order if Aft
}rejfut Majtftyfor making Di/eavtria in the Southern Hetaifphere, \3c.
Draw* up frtm tbejturnah <wbi.b were kept By the ftvtrml Cpjf-
muudtrj, and fram the Papers of Jofepb Ba*ktt Bfo By 'J&n
jftawkefworth, LL..D. lllaitrated with Cuti, and a great Variety
of Charts and Maps relative to Countries now Jirft difcovered, or
. hitherto but im perfectly known, 410. 3 Vo|«. 3 1. 3 s. Boards,
Cadell, &c. .17734 f ..*
A LMOST ever fince the completion pf the difcoveryofvrtie
- f\. Arowcao continent, the curioilty of the inquifitive »o£
^philosophical oart of the world has been exerclfed iri fpeeutia*
fiona and conjectures on the probable ft.ite of that immcrtfe,
and hitbcrtauimperredl) explored, part of the terraqueqn* fcloocj
which lies between the fouthern extremity of the new world,
.nthe- Cape of Good Hope; and the South Pole, Navigator*, in-
;. fent*m other poifuitrthari thofe of mere difcovery, had frreVed,
•j.nathefc through accident than defign, difcovered forne fcatwrtd
;>.i ■■■■ — — — ' — ■ ' "• ■•■ ■ ' ' '" . . vrf
• . . 's. tiiliApt. Apopleat.U^ . - :. ■: '. -f
fwr rm\\*t Dtficvtrtn !m tic Swlbfrn Htmifpbtrt, If:. 1 37
Wane** 3U*J coafil in different parts oF chit catenae trad - but
Utitfy the incjnttil vr wh
cool a fou then 1; or.
0£ra;<her to fill up that wide-extended and op.
ri'icoou* in cur rrar/s ot the fouthcrn
■. without the j.h.W.ic of oKmiaia*, dc-jphin*, and
ir >4^ tUh**.
pcculb.r aii of r.r I the three late ex*
peditior.s to the Se.Lth Seas were ccnducl<*dt and t^e precau-
tion* thai *%crc taken 10 pcc*cnt the ^blic-'ttcn of any i
.mployed in tiicri, did not fail,
-. y «lter the Uttybt* h*-;l crepitated ber r.rfi voyogc
lB tt ■ tw i:t 1 • ■ ublic towards
:. NiKwithllaudtngthc lecrecy oMcvcd with lefpcct
10 the Jcil^n, and thcrcfulu, ofthefc expedition inpet-
I nonymou* accounut of thei ronVfl voyages found (heir
wit 10 tbe prefs : but thcic fened rather co provoke than to fa.
thai public ouriofitv. At length, after the ret.irn of the
E*Jrttc*r from the Jari of thefc CXpodkiottf, 3 *. ; was
t*i.tn to gr 1 public with j full and authentic detail of
vitions and difcovcriei thai tad been made in
the cooife of them. We scarce- nctd to add. that the joutr
D fcrt were accordingly put into the
dl of tfec lilor, wiih a view that they might be pro-
perly dij;<ttcJ. and publilbfd. for the information of future na-
I (he curiova.
, laudable object of thefe undertaking*, *s exprellei
in hu Mijctty a inftruclions to Commodore B.rvn, who led the
iri to he the ilifcovcry of unknown couh-
: t, h»therto unvifitcd by any Lu/opran power,
irrc ib reafon to believe, fc ma) be Round in the
(>r] * ketwern the Cape ot Cjo«d Hope and
, within the lacitudca convenient for n.:
, tiid in climate* adapted to the produce of commodities
cc, c*c.' The journal of the fuft ofthefc
ch was performed in the Delphi* t \n the years
1765;, and 1 7O6, conltiiu'.c* the ftrft pair of the pirlcnt
; jt\. Se^n after the return of ilut vellel in 1760, flic
Wat W 'isder the command of Captain Vvajlta,
aee.): .. '.U-. i-onuiMrided by Capr; in Carteret.
iinU of thefe f-lrirert (attn the feconii and
_t the hrll volume.
Uli and rouft intftefting of thefc voyag«s, pro;e5)ed on
a anore enlarged fcalc than the two former, anil which may be
..ilofophiral expedition, was performed in the
- ■ ommamJcd by C»pt. Cuolt , who was accompanied)
siorccrs and jwturaMs, excellently well ©,ua-
438 HawfeefwortV* Account rftbi Ftyrges.
Vficd to fulfil the diftrept pfcjffa«.pf 4if jr^peftiyc;! .
afce principal of which, were, the raskinz o^geoMariicaj
Mricsj the obfcrvajion pC thc '*** trapftt of , Venues,
making tnquirjes into the many new and curious* ohpeaaL
cur a] hiftory, which, fuch obfervers could nc£ fail t^o n^ejet^t
jn the coqrfe of fo; oafrcqucntcd a navigation. Ti^rclft^i
<>f the occurrcacea of the voyage, and of the obfervat^na ty^e
in thacourfe of irr conftitutes the fecond and ^ir^.voluui*
of the prefent publication. :;.' on,/
Such is the general diftribution of the matter cQa$ainejd ia
£bi»work} in which, weihould obfervc, that the %arrajiy$#
■•very where given in the name of the refpe&ive cojnmamttE*,
land in the fir ft perfon. Neverthelefs, the Editor has occaipas-
aliy. but without any mark of diftinclion, interwoven, wit^^e
celadons of thefe different voyagers fuch obfervations >afid1|$-
cle^ions as occurred to himself. This method, of a44tt$Of
the reader in the fjrft perfon, was adopted with the approl^ifp
of all the panics concerned. It undoubtedly renders ^c^^aft-
rative more animated and interefting ; and yet there are frRqnejjt
.occafioos where the reader would with to discriminate, sjl jo
be cectajn whether a particular opinion or reflection flows Cfoqa
the journalift or the Editor. In fome places indeed thc,diQuipr
tion is fome what too apparent; particularly where the ulVaJ
plain texture of the nautical narrative fuddenly difappcars, by
the infertion of fome fplcadid philofopbical pauhes of a very (dif-
ferent man ufa&ure ; ..... 1,(14
Purptrtut) tati qui fpkndiat) unit & alter . bnu
Affuhur pannus. :.. ij
This incongruity however was, perhaps, in fome degree*,*
scarce avoidable confequence of the journal -form adppted, in ,UM
,«rork ;. where ifen fame individual afluroea the, two verj. diffe-
rent characters of a fea-comraander and of a fpeculatiyc oh'do-
fopher or metaphyfician \ and ufes the vexj diffi snilar. language*
of the Jog-book, and of the portico, ,1 ^
That no doubt might remain of the fidelity of the Editor, ip
compiling the materials with which he was furni(hed, tbe.mft-
fiuicript account of each voyage was read to, and was. after-
wards put into the hands of, the refpeftive commanders,. .^^
account of the voyage of the Endeavour, in particu^u war-
like wife fubmitted to the perufal of Mr. lianas ano\ pr^&ojaift-
^etv • In confequence of this proceeding, , tfic prefect, worftM-
ceived fuch emendations as were then luggcScd by tlicgertdf -
men in whofe nam.es .it is written.; and, at. the fam^T tirade,, the
ia/U related in it were authenticated, in the irio'ft upexcej^jjif-
»ble manner. . .f«i.-?:*H
Before we proceed to give aoy extracts from tibia ,puWi«V
tkkis 'it may be proper to premtfe a few general remarks on
fir a*ki*t DifcKxrla in tfa Stalker* Hrtnifphert, tfe. 139
hi manner In which the Editor his executed his part or* it.
fa the tuft pi obnou> to obfene that the minute accw-
. with « on of ilic fliip at illnerent boors of
the day, the depths oi water, the bearing* of the land, 4tvJ the
other com mo !i nautical ©bfer vat torn 0/ event*, arc related in thU
work, con fcaax* (ail to fatigue and dtfguit (hi* numerou* cla**
of reader*, who perufe book* of ihia kind merely fur 4 tem-
porary *rauf*tri en t ; and who expect that the narratives of men
who have tuvcllcd round the world, through unfrcejceoied
piths, fhould be every -.\hcrc- embcliifhrd with linking descrip-
tions, xzd be Jivc-liticd with Angular adventures. To feck
rt*4cr*, thr prrufal of the t; til of rhefc volumrt, in particular.
will probaMy furmfh very fcanty entertainment. They will
ftkewiie. Dm this very account, he tnturally lrd to form a corn-
mate, to the disadvantage of the prefent work, by
a retrofped 10 the exec lent account, drawn up by iht: Ian Mr.
Robin* •» of the vovaxc of the Cc-ntmion i III which the corn-
mem nautical dcuiU arc much rnoic fparingly ia/cfteJ, ami
ch ii aim oft every where interefting and entertaining. ]ta
jufttce however to the prefent Editor it ftauuld be observe*,
tfcax tW merely nautical remark* cannot *o
ccntcflvd ; and that minutely to relate them, for the benefit i-f
ire navigators, wis indeed the great and principal object of
publication*
It i» noc perhaps generally known that the ingenious com-
pUer of Lord Anfon'a voyage did not load hi* work with dry
ami uncutcrcainirig nautical remarks, bcctiafc lie intended that
thefc fiaould have been the fubjects of a fepirare publication >
:i many cunous difcjuilon* of the tides, winds, currents,
<Vc. were to have been commumc-,,>-*i1 foi tht p-ticular wfc
of thc4e tnen immedcatcly intcreflcd in that kind «f knowW-c.
Heath prat a (lop to the execution of this defign, before Boy
rery confiierablc pro^refs had been made in it : *rfd although a
1 ry after the paper* which he left behind him ' 1 the
r i! wa* made by the late Lord Anion, as we hare bee*)
afcgrtd ort reiy good aathority ; the fcurch proved ineffectual.—-
Wh<the( ft of thiv plan occurred to the prefent E.l.tor ;
01 bow far he was at liberty to profecute fuch a deli^n, wc
know not : tut it is certain that the prmlal of the prefhH col-
jht have been rendered more pfarfaftf, at
: he generality ofreader*, by udnptine the like meihn.1.
__ _ u,
•'Mr 1 no: appear in connexion with the wcrfc.
1 Mi. Walter, the Chaplain of the Cetuarion, ftanth in the
title id wc have hcaid that he had the bcncf.t ci eheco
•c- materials.
TlKtfgtl
140 HawkefworthV Account of the Voyages
Though we mean not, at leaft for the prefent, to enter JAtft
any particular enquiry concerning the geographical, literary, or
philofophical merits of this work, wc (halt obferve, in genera],.
that thofe readers muft indeed be very faftidious who cannot
receive pleafure from the perufal of it ; both on account of the
curious facts contained in it, and of the manner in which they
are related by the Editor ; whofe occafional reflections on fome of
them are ingenious, philofophical, and well exprefled, it muft
be acknowledged however, that the work is not without its
blemiflu s ; fome of which arc confpicuous enough to attract
the notice even of the moft carelefs reader. Our curiofity
neverthelefs has, upon the whole, been fo much, and fo lately,-
gratified, in the firft hafty perufal of it, that we do not find our-
felves at prefent inclined to particularize the omiftions, redun-
dancies, negligencies, or other imperfections obfervable in this
compilation. We {hall therefore proceed to lay before ouc
Readers a general (ketch of each voyage ; occafionally adding
fuch extracts from the work, as we think will be moft accept?
able, or are more eafily detached from the reft.
Commodore Byron, whofe journal is the firft in the prefent.
feries, failed from the Downs in his Majefty's (hip the Dolphin,
accompanied by the Tamar, in June 1764, After flopping at
Rio dc Janeiro, he proceeded to Port Detire, and from thence
failed in fearch of Pepys's Ifland, firft difcovered by 'Cowley v
and faid by him to lie in about the latitude of 47 degrees Couth .
Having convinced himfelf that no fuch ifland exifted in that
latitude, he flood in for the coaft of Patagonia, and proceeded
up to Port Famine in tbc Streight of Magellan. Having hero
compleatcd the wood and water of both fhips, he renewed his
fearch, and in about the latitude of 51 difcovered land. He
entered * one of the fined harbours' in the world,' to which he
gave the name of Port Egmont ; taking at the fame time formal
pofTcflion, in the name of his Britannic Majeity, of this har-
bour, and of all the neighbouring iflands, under the denomi-
nation of the Falkland Iflands ; which, he thinks, there is little
reafon to doubt, are the fame land to which Cowley gave the
name of Pcpys's Ifland. — We fcarce need to remind our Readers
of the late ferious difpute with the court of Spain, occafionec|
by this very difcovery, and by the Britifh fettlement afterwards
formed on this ifland in confequence of it.
The Commodore again entered the Streight of Magellan, the
perilous navigation of which he minutely defcribes. Though
jeven weeks and two days were fpent in his paflage through it,
lie neverthelefs declares it to be his opinion that it may be palled,
not only by a Angle veflel, but even by a large fquadron, at
the proper feafoH, in lefs than three weeks. And yet, as the
Editcy
I!.
for atwfaVr. DffctVtriet in ihe Ssttfbefn Iltmifflxu, Wc, 141
, c tbr piUijc coft Captain Walfii ucai
rh ■ 1 me reeom-
imodorc, having rca
1: the mid
.\!r. Byron at length entering the South Sea, p Ui
. us for
it, re had the mi n to find his
fcuivy. Having been obliged to iclinquift*
ng what if called Dav:;'tljifi in the chart: ^
:» mining inc celebrated /,'Vi t/Sstmon — it indeed
1, in aboi irue> of 14 S.
.Je uc IV, at a time when the iuuanon of th
land confiding
iHartda, vifiM/ abounding with all ihc rcfrefbffici
people ftcod To rr.uch in need ; but wliich, tu chcil
gtcat d (appointment, they were prevented from enjoying, 10
<wrkreciiir.icc rai ihe inacccflible nature of the coafta, and (I
ration of the inhabitants. Of thefc iflinds there-
fore the Commodore was obliged rclu&smly to lake hu leave*
utlefs efforts :o vifit them ; and with an .
beail bettowed 00 them the name of the lfi<in.<i tf .
. — But we (hall tr^nferibe the account of thi
from the work itfelf; efocciftliy as we apprehend that the foJ-
rarrica pretty evident anarka uf the EduorVpenV
imply exhibit *i fair, and no:
i.-ii ol bia manner of colouring and cxprcSioii.— Wc
that he U not always equally clear and unembarraiTcd in
.1 reflections.
• I rhe fmall iflind, which, ^ we drew near It, had
a troft \x ince 1 it wai irmunded by a beach of
with 1 * j ivercd with tall tree*,
extended their flimlcto i gteflt difianee, anJ formed the
moil delightful grovea that can be imagined, without
1 i" be abi uka m dream-
er and from each end of it we fiw a 5>it running
the fea, upon which the furge broke with great fury; there
t fori all round it. W« foon perceived thai it
united; for many nf ihe native appc ired npnn thr heach,
m th'ir lnnJi lli.it were at leaft fxift* feet long*
Ic fever al lar^c fires v. t'uppofed to
i hrwc immediately perceived :
J that was to windward of us, by which we lei ew
' ' > ' re a*s at thi' time
. or Ktr- I ' V/
to the louthftjrd, atuj About
Q tae wciwaud of tUcfc iflaaJi.
14* rlawkefworth'x Account of the Veyagtt '" *
ftotf alfo to be inhabited. I Tent the boat wftb' in 'bfficef fO
look for an anchoring place, who, to our great regret*1 arid ffif*
appointment, returned with an account that he fcatf "MttllH
round the ifland, and that no bottom could to foWd -withiji'feji
than a cable's length of the £hore, which was furrotrhde^'clofe;
to the beach with a fteep coral rock. ,;' h"9
6 The fcurvy by this time had made dreadful bavock anionfe
us, many of my bed men being now confined to their bjim-
mocks ; the poor wretches who were able to crawl' upon the1 deck^
• flood gazing at this little paradife, which nature bad forbid d^n
them to enter, with fenfations which cannot eafily be conce1 rVerfi
they faw cocoa nuts in great abundance, the milk of whicr/li
perhaps the mod powerful antifcorbutic in the world : they had
reafon to fuppole that there were limes, bananas, and other
fruits which arc generally found between the tropics ; *od1'ty
tncreafe their mortification they faw the (hells of many tuYtfi
scattered about the (here. Thefc refreshments, indeed, fori
©tf Ifrhidi they wer£ languifhing to death, were as efre&ii
beyond their reach as if there had been half the circum
of the worW between them ; yet their being in fight, was rlbi
con fide r able increafe of the diftrefs which they fullered by rhe=waMi
©f them. Their fituation in itfelf indeed was no worfe tfiari'rt
would have been if the obftade to their wifhes had been-'dif-
tance, -and hot a reef of rocks; and both being alike infuper-
able, a being wholly under the influence of reafon would, by
btrfh, have been equally afreded ; but this is a fituation, amotiff
many others, that may be remarked by a diligent obfervCr,'Jrn
which reafon cannot preferve mankind from the power which
fancy is perpetually exerting to aggravate the calamities of life.
When ! knew the foundings, I could not forbear (landing dole
rowrrd the ifland with the (hip, though I alfo knew it wis itifl
pofKbte to procure any of the refrefbments which it produceyiH/
-.Leaving thefe inacceffible and inhofpitable coafts, the Cotii^
tnodore, keeping nearly the fame courfe, foon difedvered two!
enher iflands, where, not without difficulty and oppoiition, he
procured feme refrefhments for his fhip's company; fcarce.dne
of which was now wholly free from the fcurvy. To theft 'bb\
gave the name of King Gtorge'i Iflands, They are to be* diftiri;-
gui filed from King Gtorge tht TbtrtTt JJJandy afterwards 'drrec*
vered, and thus named, by Captain Wallis; but now better*.
known by the name of Otahtitty from which we find fruit trrirf;-
are little more than two degrees and a half difbnt, to to
ssorthwafd, and about four degrees to the eaftward. *:i"
From the fouthermofr of thefe iflands feveral boat-lmHi bT
cocoa-huts were procured. Their falutary effe&s on the' ter?i-
snodore's icbrbutic crew are worthy of particular notice. ' £3
{6qd as they were all expended his people began to /ill ifowa
6 again
fir moiff^ Difitwtut s.f th/ St&tberm Htxt'rjfirrt) c/.-. 143
■ T wefTec! of- these nuts alone,' fay»
the C.;niiui>j( re, ' --mg this dii'cafu, n aQomihifig*
•*iia& Jimfcs were become a* black as mic, wlio could not
without the aiErt rrKc of two men, and who. behocs coul
1 'finj pain, were hi a few days by eat-
sw nuts, dthough .t Uj. i'j tjr recovered ac to do their
and cooki oc« mi Aloft as wcil »5 they did before the
i tlvcai.*
Commodore now proceeded to the iilind of Tiniajt> of
an iciot , » rich and
■fc^iae descriptor, exhibited in Lord Anfon** Voyaged
Wc there find it flcfcribcil as a tcricltiiil paraditu, where Na-
ture, without bti lance, b«H -.mi * foil every where
ind .icccriiingly * / .' th*a
idtr frits U a raiti axJ ew~!***riant tv/rfA/M*,' baa laid out t ho
delightful fpot into neat wd c\tci>five lawns, c the twf of wiiirh
b 'quite titan and even. Theie .ire Ikiried with (lately woods,
the bottoms of which, in many placet, arc clear of all *V/V»
and tmrf-rtbxJt ; and :he war \vc% ufuaJly terrnmiteon
the lawns with a regular outline, not broken, or confufr.i
(haggling trees, but appearing as uniform, as if laid out by art/
further, the advantages derived from the excellent (rails and
.vnh which it abounded, fiuh <> cocoa-nuta, guavas,
;> f<*rt7 lraf*i and ftrr/ij are (aid to have beert
* greatly enhanced b, the ktallhimtf's of it climate, by the a!motl
coo G ant breezes which prevail there, and hy the Irccjuent
Glowers which fall, and which though of a vtry.fi:-..
-cmtvforj duration, arc extremely grateful and refrefliing,
and arc pcrtap* one caufc of the JcMniy of the air, &c,'
■.modern* Ryrnn exhibit! to us a very different view 0/ the
fame (pee, as may be collected from the following detached ca>
sr**cls, which wc Btall iltfctl without any* | only pre*
■jifing that he anchored in the rexy place where Lord Anivti lay
riOfU
• After I had fixed upon 1 (pot for the tenss, fie or fc\« fit
weodcavcurcJ to pufc through the woods, that we migjtM
at the beautiful lawns and mcidowt of which (here is fo I
tam a del'. t the account of Lord Anion* Voyage* and
af potTihle kill feme cattle. The trcei f;ood fo ihicic, and tfo
vti Jt «lw/.'tK'.t U/tb k*Jtr&sirft that we ctuld Btijf.
tt/ueus% wc therefore were obliged to ixcp continually
rnilo&.ng to each ether, to prevent our being fepaxatcly loft in
this traUiefi \x,iuurntfi. As the weather was intolerably hot,
we had nothing on bcGdc our ftjoe-5, except our (hirtt and txow-
:id thefc were in a very Ihorc time torn all tu rags bjr
■ ■ ■ ■ — — • — ■ i""
e Aries/* Voyage, Book lis. Chap ii-
IV*
144 Hawkefworth** Account of the Voyage fiV.
the luflws and bramlln; at laft, however, with incredible dim1*
culty and labour, we got through ; but to our greatf YaVpWfei
and difappointment, we round the country wry different1 4b>ttP-
the account we ha J read of it: the lawns weie entirety Mtv
grown with a ft ub born kind of reed or brttfiy in many pls'eeV
higher than our heads, and no where lower than our middies,
which continually entangled our legs, and cut us like wb»*v- •
cord.— After we had walked about three or four miles, we- go! -
fight of a bull, which we kilted, and a little before night goT'
back to the beach, as wet as if we had been dipt in water, and-i
fb fatigued that we were fcarcely able to (land.' ■■
* I foon found that the ifland produced limes, fdur oranges*
cocoa-nuts, bread-fruit, guavas, and paupas in great abun*
dance ; but we found no water-melons-, fcurvy-grafs% or J arret,
* Notwithstanding the fatigue and dilirefs that we had en-
dured, and the various climates we had pafled through, neither :
of the (hips had yet loft a Angle man fince their felling froae^
England ; but while we lay here two died of fevers, a difeatt n
with which many were fcized, tho' we all recovered very faft fro*. V
the fcurvy. I am indeed of opinion that this is one of the map -
unhealthy jpots in the worlds at leaft during the feafon in which weJ ■
were here f. The rains were vioi-nty and almojl ineejfantt and
the heat was fo great as to threaten us with funocatiort. Ttw
thermometer, which was kept on boaid the (hip, ^eiwrraJly
flood at 86, which is but 9 degrees left than the heat of the)
blood at the heart \ if it had been on fhore it would have rifert
much higher. I had been upon the coaft of Guinea, in the
"Weft-Indies, and upon the ifland of St. Thomas, which is un-
der the Line, but I had never felt any fuch beat as 1 felt here^
After enumerating the inccfcnt torments fuftained from the
flies in the day, and the mufquitos in the night ; from fwarmi
of centipieds and fcorpions, and of large black ants, fcarcejyl
inferior to either in the malignity of their bite ; as well as From*
other venomous infects without number, altogether unknown '
to them 1 the Commodore relates the difficulties they met With
in difcovering the diflant haunts of the cattle, which are faid
to have been procured on fuch eafy terms in Lord Anion's re-
lationP The Commodore's parties, who were fent oat to kill
them, c were abfent three days and nights before they couM
fucceed ; and when a bullock had been dragged feven or eight
miles, through fuch woods and lawns as have juft been defcrihdt J-
+ The feafons in which Lord Anfon and Commodore Byron Tifitoi
this ifland were nearly the fame. The former anchored here* afeoat
the 2: ih of Auguft, and failed on the 2 id of October: the latterac*
rived here about the 1 ft of Aug nit, and failed from hence on the ft
ofOdobcr,
to the tciUfe i; wa* lull of fir blow», an4 ft 1 tile fo •**.
to* ux ' 'S*c» iw, of the men, in bring*
u; oWa J . wui * the jnceUr.*Ue hot ihcy lu&crcil
liboar, fr-«.|ucntlir -jrati^he on fever*
tMh i-io them up.'
Accruing in tlic frdlowing quotation, flic flies of ';
*«tt be cXfK^moui breeder*, *nJ their maggot* <oa>: U
early nun Inc. in ihii tropical liot •. ! * \'. • proem cd poul»
-yi ou/ Joutiuiitt, ' upon cificr term* : there was great
pcaiv Hi ' killed; uut the ilcfli 0/
Ike Scrt of tbero w*« very ill tailed, and fueh wai the heal of
thtttriDKc ihit, wit bin snW after tbey wore killed, it w««
11 pwn a» graft, and /^j-W tw/A *^. t we refer
Uui HU-'tC: 10 I lie t^.i.iiitiVljil ol lis (S.
iKall bert - oar ac<*<- ini >r this voyage, artf.thc
intent article, by onl> a • iore tfee
icsr.e from 'icbe Wkuubr *i»d iSe cvuil i>f Si*~
*j3o, to Bitnvji Frocn thence he proceeded . ..tr>c o«"
iiood Hope, in ii ■rrtvcJ in tr-c Down*, or.
M»yf i7t?6% having fpcm fouiewbit more U10 aa month* 00
tbn expedition.
primmm trjue ex t* . . n**4 5*4^*41 lf*t*s*** t*ttr L*<
1
'•Vfcitc in LcnJon. l'7*T.
\\Ramau
•*• ill, without .'
1
T o »e'i[
Msru.
■»' tin
1
'.'.11 on. 0 np'oycd
for thr in
I" Ivng engi^cd,
. i,i I lie l-ll yxjr , Jt
ui.ii.y coll
applied him fell to f<
wlitt.li ;ii cr the purpofe of
1 ufc pirticulu 1 j>,
^H;9> ■ appUudr.'
,ntiq«ity , aid ai he k\r.
**t. Aug- » 773- ^ ww
146 A FraffBtnt of the 91/? Book cf Livy*
cbinius had men ironed, with great approbation, a Latin Codc.r9
drftinguifhed by the number 24, aria1- comprehending the l?oo)t»
of Tobtt, Job, and Efther, this he fought after', ana proceeded
to -examine. He prefent) j Found" that the above- mentioned1 W>oM
were fuperfcribed on fome more ancient chara^er^ iwrjicf) fay
concealed beneath, and that the manufenpt was to bc'ra'njtcd
with thofe which are called rtfcriptos,. or, fays he, to fprafc
more in the Ciceronian rryle, pa'.'tmpfeflos : the laft.ot whicii
terms, we (hould obfervc, is particularly ufed 19 figmty pdfclir,
merits drefled in fuoh a manner that', by a little rript{fure, y/lur.
had been written on them might be effaced,, after wh^hthf^
were ready to receive other impreffions. However, in the p/r-
■fcnt cafe, the chara&crs were not fo far deftroyeJ'but fchat, v. • nb
sfnduiry and attention, our Author was able, in a great niea*
iiire, to recover them. \ \. " ...-,
This Latin Codex contained, we are informed, .* 76., IcMejij;
nine of which hare been more lately added, together 'Vrrhnfffi
others about the middle of the book, from foL 54 to 72 -v. 'a s, to
the reft, Mr. Bruns fuppofcs they were parts of different autbop
reduced into the prefent form about the eighth century, yt$ci>
the new text was inferibed on the more ancient one. Oner
part of thefc leaves, he thinks, contains fome of Cicero's ora-
tions ; but a more minute examination of this he leaves tq any
future enquirer. He employed himfelf, however, awhile, , in
confidering thole pages, m fercral of which the ancient text is
fo greatly obliterated that he conceives it hardly poffible for it
ever to be reftored. At length he met with art elegant cha-
racter, and exerted himfelf to the uttermoft; that he might <i}if-
cover what ha* been there written. He prefently, JsV.fayi,
thatched a word here and there : he found fometimes occurring
the well-known names, Pompeii^ Contrebia^ Sertmii ana1 .6$-
ferved in the front of one page LIB. XCI. and of the other
TITI LI VI, but in a character fo verjr minute, that it migfc
eafily efcape the fight. After this elucidation he read ovW tfcfc
epitome of the 91ft book cf Liry, and perceived that it treated
of the Sertorian war in Spain : after all which he concluded,
without any doubt, as be apprehends will all his readers* that
he had here met with a fragment of Li vy which had not been
wen by, or known to, any perlon, for a long feries of JfHfu
This fragment, which had been probably torn away frornfotae
ancient volume, conftitutes, it is faid, the 73d and 78 th* 7 jib
and 76th leaves of the Codex. The text, which has bceirmara
lately tranferibed, runs tranfverfely on the ancient one ; fo that
whoever would read the fragment of Livy muft turn the-bdolt
in fuch a manner as that the margin to the left- hand may be-
come the loweft edge of the leaf : ~(ut margo adfiniflram ora/olii
infinta evadat.)
Concerning
AIowtmly Cataloou*, /VfcW.
L.r
It I*
to be that
luntod tlicmoft
ttlC JQUjklt .lUITlbe/ Of -[;!»•
m pared It with the moil celebrate* antic.-? wri-
ung», ar • :d tnar it yielded to none m point of excel-
Itaec Of
Whcrrhc was afut wards at Naples he met
1 words which hi J been inferihed oa fame of
Alia ii\ Jf*rai{d'«Hm, and ha/inj very carc/ulljr confidcrcj
cottrcd l*r»e>
, he fays, they appeared to him very cxa&>y to rcfcmbJc
rjchofbrr. He has added to his work an engraving of .'our
he bottom of a picture taken
- //fM-ijw.1 ru'ut, as a Ipccimcj charter in
m%tcb flic fragment is written.1 Our A i the whole,
fees hoc fcniplc to five it a Urft ylacc ainoi. .i.u-
m the Latin Taa^iuge j and, left hu Ck>u! t.cii
Ih in forming thia ' , he intjgjuco 4 l1.-4w.tJ Ual^ui*
rk»'Gij%*M**zS, , .4fattfy pi.'ticj ■o:ii o£
taeu'ififi, is joining bi.ai in the lame opinion.
irnt, it i.4 .:i«,
>W colau.- ; U Cl ?> ■ .aa <a CKU pa^c
SIrty line:, and 1!* no :otcrYu*ing
..;uiCh them from each o'.fler.
val
fan*, • modern way. lii fbme places ha
been tfatiged M> leave i ward or ... hujt
1: 1? nr.
/ of wok*' •< u**fc« a i-^it*
: a(*,!':d a few -m ioj -CO
1 fragment j but fur farther particulars, wa
ies.ion.
M O rN T Ii L V C A T A L O G U E,
0 S T, t;;;.
F o Jt t 1 c a L.
By John Huddltflabe Wj
is. 6d. Riley.
ItiiL i s. od. Kiiey. 1775,
T. I fcadrtfi Eitlina v ho makes one of the priaes-
icoj, where ihc b imin'.icijr
B*r* ttterePing thaft if*" i» ftwmd to be in this poem ; which U ilif-
har and aVeiaaaiarr. bjt drturbs aor the paffions. There are,
tvwoar, Icsne *ell tabrtcaied Jinc* in it, and defcriptiont not un-
* Nw Jci» the trcato of Llyvon aaarlu the scene,
w rarioos Armagh the Mna iettae,
IteAMr* a*w ncaotiei »* his current Rows,
Aa*i other tt.au in hu derp botem Jbfrs,
W^nnvrr fort,
• Wb*H Sti»raet*i -
• Ac ri i cnni h '
J:. ■ ■ .. .
item hi*
roil
15. Ti
1. The [hi
ftinfo
Too b*d for bid uport
,r. 1* 7'.-.VW^j>-Pt"jPocm. InferiM to (be
He* Saundcn, AtUif4 of thtWhr
Krr. Rotx * til MftJctyV Ship :Wc H
Goargc; iftdto the jfihRr^iiufiiier'FxK. xix). c >. BclU:
i I if you n«4i muil-urue, write CxlaVa p.-y ■.'
> ■*• • . • • , • • •
: - Lily wlMi wiili Buifgrl.'
..nge!« uemWing roan
Art. 17- ^ i. -■■'. «bc I'
, il,ler*4* C ■ j»,
.c wi:ri jujgineut inJ calte: — for oar
rt. ■. Ionian of ir^t'jt
bridge ?r<nc*ri»<ins. froni
tbeKev. Mr- Thorn. 1-
oNytffcd Mr. btott. ji. 6'd, I-
■., ivLkH c*iuc andcr our review at th.
'1; 1 1 *c liatc now !»c;!ik)* to fq
,:.ii Mr. S.. 1 . ft* thi
hit »ti*te or better ccnJrttu.
1.. '/w^wrf^i/W,-, a hocrn. B/ Air. Jcr:;l
. jiu. 1 1, fcgfaftas.
( , _ r iVj';, . fr r hi* efcaj
was recaivtd", *» at'ien .--led UuObfti Siw-drn !» d
, :*»en/*te, who, as etiohasard . jl»i
in : .licIi. Tai«- tor/ is hoc lu&c
::_** «*e puct railed l'udi a llrufture upon
\tai.0Ou* Abfr*.'. Mft
*Sjtp40ty--£f >"**> a* m"gh* h ive been «•
■
tiflW.
s*o.
ic, in Frc-
■
loliti*. M the 0>tpo>,
bomar
■
■
I . and
[•o. "■ the Amfcoi'i Miott
■( MCOBKtililHn >'l tli i
,.1
-
1*11 could L;;>c ixxa
. . ■ r -, . :
■auk ur«i ui )»--»< c*«t. the" tojnj--.
1.
■ : 1 1 f-'
I'U
M of
Rn»n|
£;
^QX lU.
Not E 1 8.
Art.*a> ti>t Pateti Oothttxh*; By Mw. Fogerty; Au^r/of
Col. Piriry.ancl MAStanby. iztau*. a Vols. $». Bladon.' 177);
''turriy Mft. fttgtrry wm begotteii, born;' narfed, and educateeVin
a tfrco farjrr* Hbrtfy-, icu«4' fucked in the fpirit of romioce with Hcf
mother's milk ! Novel-writing feema quite natural to her; and while
Jru- .i'ves there' itf'-'no feaf that the reading Mifles ami reading
Mmren who* coltivaie tfcin profitable ftndy at the cafynmof ten
fMlHngs >nd fix-pence" per ann. will ever want a doe fupply of aoV.
venfortf, memoirs, and genuine hJftories of Lady this, and hoed
thar,«nd CM >oel rtftber thing. In the aanefaclaring of all which,
tire greawfr difficulty fcerts to be— the hitting off a new title-paga:
for as'uo the ftorjes told, and the characters drawn, they are alt
ecltocs of'ethoeA, tfnd ihadows of flkades.
/ftti *$. C&trn ; ' *r, the Eaflem Liven. Translated from the
French. i*mo. 3 s, bound. Bladon. 1773. •■ •• rij
Thofewho love a melancholy ftory, may here indulge thomftlft*
to the utmoft of their heart's difcor.tent.— We have nothing to *A*
ft the'comihenda'tiott'ofthtf piece. . ->• ':■:■:
Art. 26. The ' PPtidtmiat Lovers ; cr, the Hi/lory of Harry Harper.
- rtmbv 2 Vols, 6 s, Bell. 1773-" " -y
• Vj fays tfcjs thodSft Author, ■ it is the fate of this work to |»e-
5i(h through the inability of oar • genius, w (hall be HappyVis it
5 the moil convincing proof nut have miftaken out forte, sAd'fhV?
acknowlege owtjkhvei indebted to the candid for their cenfurCS ; fo#
It will be the means of driving us from a path, in which we are -fare
to have our ferife* bewildered, and meet with nothing but thorn* attd
ft ambling- blocks to our feet. As it is the firft, it frail be ibt t*fl
fftempt:—
Happy it is for this Author that he has been able to hold (lis nriod
in a frame fo fit tq fupport the weighr of that difappoinrmeot, and
mortification, which every writer moft fee), on the mifcarriage of bH
performance, "fire this time, we doubt not, the public voice hfctft
innoanced to. him the fate of this poor hiSory ; and we hope- he "WW
bare rietblottan enough to keep his word with his readers. ' -3-
East-In|5ibi, l«dt
Art. if. A Letter So Sir Richard fytbgjn. Knight, in, Anfwef ift
tia Jtcfi/gicM arl Eafi India Shipping. 8vo I s. Murray. ; i^fi
The Anfwcrer undertakes to point out the errors in tome of-*Srr
Richard's calculation!, the unloupdnefs of his principles, and'" the
ielf-intereftedf tenour of his views, in regard to the regulation* ofxbe '
Jail India fhipping, for which he contends jo his Rcftftftr.s: See Rev,
Jbr April, p. 32;. '•"<;. •
*-_
i; • The Author does not always thus aJTume the majefiic plural,
ut mofl commonly is humble enough to content himfelf with 'the
nguiar number; io that we conclude this delectable htftof}» \i not,
jjp nroduftion qf more than one pea.
MotfTtHV UATAtOQt'P, P*tki4*L
Ml
P O L | T t C A t.
At*. tBi &—vrff rn rr% infuiry into tb* Grtmfftin hefwmn
. **4 tin £rar tf Fmrmj \ Wherein tk#
u-i,\Mv ircdewtted. a«d I3« C«nfro,<*c«<ci of the
«'• at'snonopoiizio^ Farias .vc explained, and prorcd dif*d-
■■vi». Atthi-r of Uniting a^d Monopotiaiirjj
F;- , Ac. i t?j.
Tn» moare *»'-Kn indacrd Mr. Lcnij «o make thefe Rem ark • U
10 wrircr of ibis Inqsirr {*>:«, that ««#*3w4rVNf
il tt pic ot'lhc ; i i ; and he
• vife who prrtc-.d to pro*-* the pfaciire h //i/-
«r*w*f«»». are mifmf.v-: .«' ; as the ar^omentt be bu sceo or tha»
iaa«,«», arc h' n-j m-..-j% '. it (iko at may si
-nd fjiovc prcj^iciftl to :bc flfcfcic* tor whkh tea-
:.r could no longer foiboi £)vin# his fcii:ir..:i:u en tne fub-
jert; a* he U fcrfua<ie4> it u iocumtKnt on evcrv on'* who chinks he
im i: i» An power, 10 rnticivoor :e fa them nglit. So in Ufcg irtan-
n ■ :iion WTth tbil writer, ni-iy from the lame
link themfclvcs under tic like obligation to dcicQ and
•: ihi* writer has been mji%f\mtJ, or trrt f ?
: tli'trtfrii rr»;»y iniflraj Mt rc;i<
wantei r-©t another provocation ; for Mr. Lew* haviarj
ir.iun oa tfce itJ Eonfcqaeiicei "J unitieg farms, and :rie Author of
saying cov.u tct;:d ilir polkium ih i<J, this, in
rfli)»ood, pt wed the -rcrirnxnutioo.
-ars to uederftand hiiargur"
ich may be overlooked in one who prcfeiTet himfelf 4
Urcut, and who unr be fappofed fond of .. erica | and
■'• ;-yi - I *.r» r^ . It where hcounecho fan ■: tlctcflcd
QEMDCJt.
itfpnce between i\t(c two gentlecjen, if a com-
wjw U ■tiKty batweeo zhrm ofjrol. Mr acq,
or the fame qiiitntii}- nf Und civ-iJcd into
!
n ufeful and carina- objert of inquiry.
•irawn on either fidr ought not to be Tnfittf4
■iiooof circurnSancm that ta<c
-.tiicalture
allowance bc;nj; naie for pc-
■ ■■' lv af'in • : no Arm*
.there <vould i>; licdc
:nij»Ht
• ,jiaiti: of fir Icl'i impojtaocc ;kaa
-■"•■■ «
AtfMt!
hi* iij»ca;a,;i piajrJiUe, Cct Rer. frol. x.»i»i.
KM
the Pra&ue of uni;;njt I^/iih, but of
a pamphlet uetving the bad efTofls of that prai'ike i for vbic& fct
ftcr. vol. xiuvi. P "
j 52 Mimrkut Catalogue, PetitUaL
The Uoutrer having eonrendod, that in fcarveft time, and in other
Operation* that require f\'\(pH<. h. the great farmer, by throwing many
feandft together,- hat his work better and more expeditiously done ;
an^l alfo that he can employ an equal number of men with the fmall
farmers on the (a me land divided, among them, and longer 5 the
Rtmarkcr re torn — • If tin great farmer's mtnwill do their work bclUr,
end difpatch donbk the quantity in the fame rime that an equal number
nveuU if divided* on kjfir farmt\ 'tis inconfiltcnt to fuppofc they
employ full as many as would be employed on the fame lands in
lc/Ter farms, when half the, number would be furncieyt; yet this
"Writer aflcria, that the? do employ full as may. and aifo. that I bey an
iikely to employ them Uugejl. And after thefe grofs iuconfiliencies, he
concludes the paragraph thus : " but as I mean to confute by fails,
aq d not- by argur. cuts, J will appeal, ttt,v — And now too, I will
appeal to any icafouable nun, whether either by jails or urgnmemtt
this writer is likely to confute auy pcrfou heiides himfelf ; but that
be has fairly done.'
The Inquirer advancing, that the final! farmer cannot rely On his
own labour, and if he doff, he is a lofcr by it ; for that his employ-
men: mould be a general attention to the whole : the Remarks* re*
plies, that—* the farmer when able puts his hand to the plough, and
every other .operation ; and hcitig conllantly where the fcene of action
lies, he canbefl nffifl aud direct : and thu.*, his attention it preftry
eir.pl \id. Though perhaps, cr.ee or twice a day, Q ling, or coming he
$U& take a round through l;i: fields, 10 fee cr feed hi& cattle, or mend
a gap; yet in fuch fized faring thefe will not take up much of his
s/l;nc. Now I will fuppofc fuch a farmer with live labourers employ id
ttgft/'cr, cither in hay or cm n 1 arvell ; while he continues to work
with them, experienced men allow, that theic fix men are likely to
perform full as much as f*ien labourers without a mailer attending
.t Jicm : fo that the matter iiiitcsd of being a Icier is doubly paid, by
what he does himfelf, and ft hat he caufe* others to do ; befidea, 'tis
pot the quamity of work pnfqrmed that is the only advantage, but
the manner of doinc it With care and due attention i> lit] I of greater
conicquencc.' To this he proociiy adds the haity, fbvcnly, waftcM
ytxy of reaping where haneit work is contracted for by the acre;
when the iucn make more luflc than good fpeed, neither gathering up
the. corn clean, nor aitcaJJt.g 10 its being properly dry at the.tim.ecf
binding. Thefe difa^ai.ta^es he fays the great farmers are obLiged
to fu&mit to, rather than g eater, by prolonging their work to Jhort
days '<cd bad weather ; a..d aje chabicd to overlook them, by renting
their iand cheaper then fmall farmers do.
■t But the grand objection to large farms is, their tendency to.depo-
Eulate the country. According 10 the Inquirer the large farrn will
ave -b perfonson it more than the fmaii farms; but according to
tl*e ReaarZrr the fmall farms will fupport ay more than the large one.
As thew computation*, by their difference, canuot be fappofed very
accurate, we fijall not enter into the particulars ; but we have beard
tlic -advocates fey fmall farm* rcafon upon this very queitioo as follows :
•Wappoiing thc-wi/nibcrs equal, the political objection to large fawns
inpoi.it of population ttiii remains in force; por.wUl any ibilrofc
- reaibning
Monthly Catalog*?*, AHjuihintiitu
-'S3
i
be tcquucd u> (wove ii. If jfrJIJlpri it oitgrv-Lby one
<w> nun uf pmpci
< >b4iCioq* and will be wiihfecJJ
, portion ■
klMiau Jilt i W
!>-:;.:-(, . .. , [ icco lic£ i-j «M/. Lo»i/v iu;'j*.-)(iu.ir\]
Ml Mnd c i r ilcn: a nun upon then m the afo.-cuid
>UC (here
pftfcjftjuftj: ntco hip30ritfi£ > *» in
10 be
I tic u !r;ie illjinJ. •< brn u the fpttuUtor who
uhjUi-
kuor.% o ever* peine of view? SiiialJ f\ ;-. L.
-, for faim:r», where tho6 wUo fct out *i.
cifM^ ■ luflry, and jnj.tr-y icy. qualify iticmfelra
it ao lefj i
>ofpg men from opportunities of advancing llu
%a proportion ;o thcii latta-U*"
To concede, both wr -\nd }.;* pre 'est coxmencj
men oj ;ii]y vn l|ij
cut fnhjr<:» ihe difctfinon t*f which it of mwc general
coa»fttc»l> rrfult* from the oppofition ©/ opial :.*/ary ajt*r-
CMUMa
Ml.tCllJ.Alfl O VI.
Art. ac). 7'v f Atgumtniiy and Jx^m* C#of*
tit CtmthJPardtmi ttb, im tk
#?«<*« I>r. Br i.'/j , adjudged l>/ lie vro-tCii .
liriis of the /In in* ■« r prr-
fming Pfffont uriK<ju»i/ieed »ith th* Hrinili X, .ngua;;.
in Wales. To which u c*re«xrd, an AcMrels to the, Bithqps of
:owl, feasor,
fcjribrSo. ramrvdofioo. 410* u 6d, Hwii. i
A» far a* we * in I *n the pcrufal of the depi.
cfbYC tke r»Sic, we CQAd"<> that the ocntlemtm abovenscu-
i ii nc< Ir-iil,, m; . *» a
r. and coofc«j -• Feb pa-
. ike ev»t'i iur, great part 1 1
J*t»2, i' ' i ' '* I i red in
offtVgti uluxh onK . ofth«
octl. Dr. Nay, in .uaieaiaj- up t*>c evidence, appear
iiooa, (tough iic has no; i
:o proceed to deprivation. The manner ■ a crr-
havr been %\f, rertainlr
xnd ihe juiijjc dcclife* t
scocv*i '»• U^ldi Append before him in ■. .b!e right.
■ ^;cci-Ic ; u •
idYan-
lift ; b -:t tWe wao aie bound in jcftlce, in confcien<e,
.?, to fee that thefc important atfju'tt arc pro-
\V%
S£f Monthly C a -MtoauB, 'MifitUatntos.'
Ait, 30. OmuB *xpttait&' ft \smtrta. -PrOpftfats1 feHdifaig*g*|(>
' aii<f'fceattrtf>iog the UaiVerlty atfd City <6F OxWroV *}W2 « f £ '
Wilkie. 1771. ' w 'y "U& r'>
YheWrttirof thfc pim^htahavSnjf remarked, MftfUffc'fcfbb.
pTOtettitm *e prcfffOf initiates the snivfcrfity and CKy\ With refp6c> to
cdQvtnience and mogTriftc^nce in their ftretfts shtfballdinjt?, an/ lhat
fome jttdidOJs ■ftep»1Hrve,aWeady been adopted ttV'crre cbmrnmee,'^
induced to propofe Tome farther alterations. Oat forefathers, 'hft"
dbferVee, feem to hast coatffltwd petty convenience and nHotuftfc-re-
elufenefi* while they neglefied that uniformity 'of defign wWcV it
indUpeniabte to magnificence and that elegance of approach wtrieb
adda ftalf the delight. - It it pity that fuch noble and elegant *tiitd-
lags at there are at Oxford, fhfctild he almoft loft by a faulty fixa-
tion, or disfigured by a crowd cfmiierable hoofes or cottars (land-
ing around them : at the fame time retirement and felitudc Areas
Vtrf well Co accord with feat* of learning and ftady, to which, it
may be thooght, our Author's fchemes of rendering them quite oper-
and difesrgaged do not perfectly agree. It appears, however, to ■ at,
tnat he. undtrftinds his ftrbjott; and that his plans are worfby ot
attention. He fpeaka artrft of proposing only a /pw alreraaonVf
bat they arife to a great number, and mult be attended with a very
considerable expeKte. * ■ 5.1
Art. 3c. Ykt Vaax-Ml* Affray \ or, the Maccarooies defeatev-r
being a Compilation of all the Letters, Squibs, ftc. on both Side* •
of that difpute. With an introductory dedication to the Ho*,
Tho. Lyttleton, Efq; 8vo. is. 6d. Williams. 1773.
Tht cirenmftances of the fracas at Vast hall, between the Rev.
Mr. Bate, on the one part, and a corps of faring, bullying geoek*
men on the other, have been fnffictently related in the London news-
paper*. There is nothing here added to the letters, &c. whicfe ap*
peared on that occafion, except the dtdtcmhn ; in which the general
character and conduct of Mr. I. are treated with great freedom
and feverity.
Art. 32. Efiy sw the ChoraHtr^ Manners^ and Genivs tf Wenhtn
in dtjfrrtnt dgu. Enlarged from the French of M. Thome*; By
'Mr.Rofiell. izmo. z Vol*. 6 s. bound. Robinfbti. Vfffk^'
In the Appendix to the 47th volame of oar Review, we gave ad
account of Monf. Thomas's Eflay, which, Mr. RuiTell fays, is indij-
fmtsiiytbt tmfi ihgaxt and msjt fhilofifbical treatijt en tbt ftmnh ntiht
mdfmml* tbmraatr that has yet appeared.
. * But, notwithstanding thefe excellencies, continues he, it ap-
peared to the Editor to watt a good deal more than tranftatkm'to
make it fatisfaclory to the Englim reader. The fentences were often
complicated, and the paragraphs tedious, fi 'had none of caoft
larger divisions which are 'fo neceffary to relieve the" Mind; nor any
of thofe inferior ones which are not kefs effenrial to the peWpkniry*
of. xeafoning. He therefore in fome meafure decompWndedlt [ M
{plit the fentences, broke the paragraph!, and divided the work tea
parts and fc&ions: He omitted fome things, and added MhtfK
What relates to the progrefs of (bciety in Britain, -5* entirely WJW;
Jo jhort, he is an fiver able for the defect: of the Eflay, as it now ap-
pears*
Monthly Catalogue, Jt/o/ftf*, tft«
*55
pc»n | twaitfH h* hat not the vanity to elaja i» bcnotira. :Tan&
wr^ arc acquainted with the original, how/ore/, ht dock* not, will
hi* labenn.'
x*t credit o«V.- w<)> aic aeqoai-ued wi'.h lire original trill give
we know no: : aa for us, we (bill oo4»
t* to him) that :ae irmllation is far hrom
Iwg «» ><. »cc that what ke iayt (diamine the p regret*
A DiO'tnary «/ Jnutm Gfgrsfb), explaining the local
red, Geec.an, and Rokv&xi Hillory i exoibiiioj
Joeni, and Situations ot Cittci, cVc. And ilhal
■nail- :** AIM DM and EpiinOtI it- <»e (ntttfc |«d rtaftfn 1*0*0
1 .iHhcd by proper Authcrkiet, 2nd defigned for the
.oofti. By Alexander Maebtao, M. A. aVo. 7 a,
Boend. RotvCon, *cc.
T*c Di a. or alphabetical i*cr'f», j> cet:*inly (he rat
ean^ease*;. -Rvl ufciu), fi»r a ttork of tfcia kind.— The Author
1 »«t only dta« tcj former dkii:marirs> b«t hath confnlted the ancient
j>n-gf*c-k«.-:. without neglecting Other aethon. He has, in fo
degree, enlightened aeticne by aaodern geography, having given tl
twain hi ©I place* ficm Jeter obfcivatiom* Name* nro often chauy-
Mt place is aluayi the Came, and to kuo* it caactir is aWrara.i
ic^tta* 1 '* the erne Scot ti lb iiliom. * titer*
M . ^ ir^th thr . uhoae kaowlcge of the plot* was
1 1 --.c lUaefort uied an beat nauat, with aaodcrn
Put p. iv,
ree itiih Mr. Macbean. rli.ir a work of this kind hat fanj
hiiag; th** 1-tge tolio compiutioiis being too uti«VldT
•' a/a»'a book being loo general, aod. fcvhard » little rnore
* Thi» ks.nit, lays he, is no*' lupplied ; and die
iuiurc, onuic «*&!« aianWnllaati i!ic narra-
.. inning*, of ancient fta*atn>«n» and
. r.t poeu.'
<a a£s bun Jaapul jafly careful in citing nil turfrr-irYr/,
Bioalrrn writers* a cucumlUiKc which uCViacr*
, anleair: ;;, wbjeu h-ttc been employed
1 ir.UpIan.
J Co WT HO V BR t I A L,
1 if /fkrtJfam ; jo wl^ch it <ar*jWaroV
*« >.-///rr*f J*J*b, $vwlss:p lh* eti;*xt*tt of £tjk*p
*fii* test Svfy,? *rr fitftialrr!, ,,.
.,— W. ; M. fro. 4'. in Boards. W<lk*cv
lip
n\j]
tla pa^ieation it, f. Xo Ihnw that, the feeansogly
»tt/>t)nt:ww ««4 ancbfliAiaj* j»<idee.H of Abrahaa'a liir will be
r*+i . pe<l»n to be ihe ordeily pa«u ot one entire «.
aaai pregnant wicb uaforiita-.Kn. If, Th.iC the jew:fh
obeariftc* w*j itiitiiuccd at the covenant of cireomcifton. HI. Tbn
>f »r* of the throcr^cy, and thr ennftdm
1 he delegates or <Jod (a ftnfe, as wili be fit en ,
warr, -Ifvrd an <aey anei Ktvratc itiWipteuvvov* ^
the r mcerawg tfic lcepcre of jue^h, ^ti4 tccA^tt»-
$ji)/ ron^rifleac/i oror.rr
156 Monthly. Catalogue, Re!igkus% &c*
Tic Author, according to this plan, enters into aparticvhu;
/idoraiion of the evcots which arc recorded in' the Old'Teftarmtnt ■re-
lative to Abraham ; many or mod of thefe events he regards as tarr-
ing 1. 'figurative meaning; and herein he ma/ 'poffiHy be rr^ht;
though having fallen id to the allegorizing humour he may, perhaps,
extend it beyond thofc bounds which the fcriptures will warrant.
la hi* account of the commaod iflued to Abraham. concenfiag^Hls
{on Ifaac.hc fclefls the fubliance of what Dr. Warburtbn ink^fo
largely written on that fubjett. What is peculiar in the book fecYns
to be ihc.fuppoiition that' the Jewim theocracy commenced at the
time when circumcifion wji* nxft instituted. On this ground he en-
deavQur* jo illuliraie the famous prophecy concerning t\izfceptns *tf
deforcing frcimjudab. He fuppeks, with Dr. Warborton, that by
tne/ceftF* we are to underlland the theocracv, or that extraordinary
frotection and government of the Supreme Being, under which the
fraeii ecs- were received. The Biftiop of Glouccltcr imagines that thii
.extraordinary djvine government of the defcenJants of Abraham fi'rft
took place at (he time «hen Cod-appeared to them at mount Sinai ;
but in this Writer's view the words of the prophecy imply, that the
fctptrt* whatever it fignined, was already in the hands of Jadah ;
he therefore concludes, with fome fnew of reaf,n, that the theocracy
was originally ordained at the feafon above-mentioned. His fappo-
fitioa is ingenious, and not ill-fopportcd ; but he is rather jhwkx
and tedious in fome parts of hie performance. The difteitation on
Jacob's prophecy is chiefly formed of extracts from Sherlock, War-
burton, Newton, and the Old Teilament. As to his obfervation rfrat
theencmics of Jodah were delegates of God in his government, we
do not meet with a great deal on the fubjeft, and it appears to us to
amount to no more thap this, that they were inftruments, as all be-
ings are, in the hand* of Providence, to falril its purpofes.
Art. 35.. Meditation^ en the beafons : Spring, Summer, Au-
tumn, and Winter. By the Rer. Robert IVciton, M. A. |ltno»
21. fewed. Dilly. 177;.
Thcfc plain and pious observations and reflexions are hot re-
jnaikablr for the beauties of campofition, or for fprightlinef* of fen-
tiir.cm ; but they are apparently publifhed with a good intention,
and (icm calculated 10 awaken the reader's regard to the fubjecti of
religion, or.tp affiil him in drawing fpiritual improvement from the
objects of nature. They have chiefly a practical tendency, the Au-
thor having, very wifely, taken littla notice of the points in difpate
among Chriiiians of different feels and denominations.
Art. 36. The or'igmol and frffent Sta.e of Men briefly confidered\
v henin i» (heun the Nature of his Fall, and the Neceffity,
. Means, and Manocr'of hi.*- Refloration, through the Sacrifice of
Chrift, and the fcn£ble Operation of that divine Principle of
Grace and TrmK.held forth to the World by the People called
'Quaker*. To which are added, fome Remarks on the Arguments
or Samuel Newton, of Norwich. By jofeph PJxipps. 8vo. as.
Nicoll, £:c.. l>73- . .
iv;r. l'iuppa. appears to be a fenfible and pious man: bar he is a
vcrbofe. wiiur, iiiid engaged in a my flic, kind of divinity which af-
hto> )um foiiic peculiar, latisfaction, though it may be difficult for
him to c.\phio or fupport it. The Qu^tivYva\t^ca^Ni&dir3eirnjt
2 " VttAWtt*
Monthly Catalogue, rRArgTm,
'5?
«s to
bui*iv3h
-it jc.'.ii at i; i ind lkclci iiou,-
i a
w»uy tui ;v
n
tul e
Ucttf a mi .
tiubfy Alio
rjc c:oi
thifi f»r». «
■
.id R«vktv o? ::
*l TWkh, arc £::
lute Nc
cf th« (^aakf r» |-"rint:rlr: , i
,
: : ' VJ.
■ ri Mr. New)
•flare d
. h rvmi
if ibe n*tfat*f ' -
Many nc«.inj» ifct*
i *» many iim*j are brOs.
. my*/i*f, j' affierg «9jr COttgregXfiOti Of rcpo?c4 ttl.cr-
c^ ru-rr, the fcflfc <■*"*** yearly .in.
' '*,ml one*. A great Lacker
lew j*3ri tg6, aid »**u< i
i ' f i . - ."
->f ruSif.:; az>d at
tig m<n ainonv tVicm, wVj
J58 Monthly Catalocue, Retigiousy &c,
higheft prctcnfioai, em to the gift tfJifieraitig A'rPiuh}^ Sh^fSJv
ttefcreateft 6tgnK*ik/iIli6i&9 ipa y^a^^ M^-)99|1JP<k
pofed on mure thm tjie reft.' ' '. "*' ' , '^
' 'Theft are Tome of tlm writer's reflccVor's i:he'recms to.^cc^l
vctj Well in fievtral of his replies to trie obferrations ai .J arguuipiiw
tf rJte CJnakers, anff td have ■ true fpirit or gopd-wijl to all
ift -add; -flat he often appears rather aVaYcepticaj
sfiird: Wtwe moft add; fliat he often appears
anthbrV tfnlfcttW nf-lpTprracipIej, and therefore in fome danger cj
throwing all things rffto doubt and perplexity, Ijc haVdc&rtcd.
Qgakcnfui, But obferveY," that 'though the Quakers decry h Jr.ian
rcmTon, ihe thinV* thWr principles and practices are more rational % v:
(betuSakrfhaji thoft of "any other body of refigionifts.' A remarjc-
able ebncefioo from one who prorefledlv writer to confute fome 0/
their mot CAoflderable champions .' if thefc arc the hioft VStionaJ,
what notion1 mirft he form of all the other denominations of Chsiftiacs?
Art. 38. A Trtatifi conarmitg teltgkus /fjpaiony. Part '-.Ccjjj^
^fcerninj the Nature of the Affections, and thpir Importance, .yi^
TJUllg4on. Part II. Strewing what ara no certain Signs that t^#
gibus Afteetions are gracious , or that they are.not. Part UIS S.hffsft
uig wSat are dSftinguifhing Signs of truly '.gracious and hrity )^n
/fecucms. By Jonathan; Edwards, A. M. and Pallor of the .^i|,
Church in Nprthampton. 8ro. j s. Dill/. . %< ,a,\u
' TEis appears to us to be a republication, in North Britain, o/jj,
work formerly printed in New England. vJt is probable that its nfc
was bwing to fome difputes about religiouj experiences, csswsjrjftslfo
&c. which have often obtained in the chriAian world* The pipfls^
and fenfible Author, for futh we apprehend him to have^en* .waj,
defircais to fet his fellow chrifUans right on fucb topics, and, leatL.
them to regard fincerity as the matter of principal moment. Hc^if-,,
covers in this view confiderable knowlege of the workings .of the
human heart, and' of the fubterfuges, vain imaginations and pretences ,
to which perfons fometimes have recourfe under, the appearance*j ofj
piety. lie is a Calviniftical writer, but a hearty friend, to hoJincfs ,
and woodworks. His treatife, though well defigned, is heavy and.
tedious : be dwells long on his fubjedt, and feems in a anger, after all
his care, of perplexing and diftrefling fome well-difpofca minds, and
perhaps leading them fometimes into miiUkm concluftons and en-
thufiaftical reveries. _ # "J(
Art.. 39. A Litter to Dr. Balguj^ on the Stthjeil of bit Charge,
delivered to the Archdeafwry •/ rViHthejler, in the Year I77Z. Wi^ ,
a Poftfcript, relative to certain Obfervations contained in the Charge
reflecting the Diflenters and Toleration. By John Palmer. Svp.,,
1 s. Johofon. 1770.
Thofe who have read Dr. Balguy's Charge, with any degree of
attention; cannot well be furprifed to fee fevcral anfwers to it* It would
have been ftrange indeed, if fo extraordinary ^.Charge had, palled
unnoticed. The principles advanced in it are fo.inconfiftent with
the principles of genuine proteftantifm, and it contains fo maapf
ftrange and contradictory notions, to fay nothing of its mifrcprefejs-
tat*ons, that it affords a very favourable opportunity for confidering
the abfurdity, futility, and inconfiftency of it in a variety of lights.
}fir. Palmer places the Doctor's millakes in a clear and aillinft ,
point of view ; he ihews, by plain and notorious facts, that many of
• j - Wa
Monthly Catalogue, Rtfywtift.
*59
5
iVc biz
,
• ' r,
(* j) yu-u piece,
toe eoeeer*
clerg) .
hli lifcrtioot tad inl'-naaiioris arc cnttfejy ^foandUf* : he i
iuc thf Doc^Cff his! iUUc«i
■
u have i bich you sire
when you employed your JmV
r*tȣ# to she ctitfgi I - -':h:
uVicoarf, lo *txc<3 wWfi "1 If^ftft ^trfflff *r,v'~
c*cr>.
to fix iKri -jfy.ci i fuujeu
■vto. you
- Thtrt *cc in.no* boM
.'.J*», or'ttui tclergymin null it.ci l/e, fA (^Yie, an open, pUui*
tsplr-htanrd creaure; but there are men. and their numbers aca
jrrtr, ■•- thJt the artifice* ol pp] i«ty 6oo-
*. ander ft : llaftl the nearer A
. fell in the ligufc of loiojl.
■'one he r; ene.: i t>f
«rf the Gt^w/, an.^ rank' i •':? ifftirt wMch io)
i .' *ou will fay. whit ftoaU be the object •fa
a, it not an '* i;;;ick on uux ecckiklliuat elU-
WrfsF n> pta«iunle. By
:hr relsoioi
bv . ■' *. ir i:i..ijti.i rate j irut which tc chufea aad pic-
■-ury oF4n clergy ii» to leave icligior. to h:> care
Rutland, indeed, if aiu irift an aire-
to pifOttw him
If be cooftoes, the k».^/!//jji^ cie/gy arc bound to jcqui-
b.eir oaaflee'i dcci&on, ind ought not to I tmfcjvca
*afi axd pallion*, though htjliv-U ifonte iiii • •■ t/om
;.i*f*ul*cr; wii.ili, I ;; » *eri re
- . \ Mf,'
, and cV. "out
: 'iurbed
■warn <iil
V wre:l<r pn arc qcite ir rarpeft ;n
%»3t jva lar wr(. nun- J 3(1 I
. I have been co^iio * : wc
.i:ki| 4ud i .xl cli-i-
. lie
:ompare4 to tfc • fecM Aibantsfisvtt h»*f riven
• »u*r, who, rnc Ji/ e»t judgment • ..*•
rcjcjuutkaj ditiaC. i "ihc
<&Bftb tumbling dot* n.
tanging t-; -, flead of bearinp
160 Correspondence.
political eft, he beholds the church fettled firm on iti foundation,
fair and flourhhing, and the petitioners coming in white leathern
aprons, their trowels in their hands/ and plaifter of Paris ready to
adoiVaodVtoeautify the building ; and whilft, in his ettbfiaflieat nature,
the' soar man ftands weeping over the ruins of fo (lately a fabric ; in
his ftfftStai Harare he is laughing, and bleffing himfelf that all is
fife, and' the church in no oan-cer. I make no doubt, Doctor,
tier you'effurd, if you pleafe, (how the excellence of the petitioners*
Yc,heme in a- much better manner than you have fliown the evil ten-
dency of it.V
\ ' As there are, ac this time, feveral writers of the name of Painter, It
may be' proper to obferve, that the advertifement prefixed to this
Letter, is dated at Macclesfield, April 27, 1773.
t . S E R M O N S.
h At the Parifh Church of filofield, in the County of f^or&Ik, At
-,,4l»e..A*chdeacon*s Vifiution,. May 27, 1773. By James Carlos.
A- M. Chaplain to the Bifhop of St. David's, aadRe&or of Blo-
, &ld.. 6d. Nicoll.
H.. At .Oxford, before the Univerlity, July 11 , 1773. By Henry
Whitfield, O. D. Vicar of Brightlingfea, Effex. 6d. Pridden.
JJJ. Before the Univerfity of Oxford, July 11, 1773, Ad-Sunday,
at St. Mary's. By Thomas Griffith, D. D. Reftor of Biihop's-
Scolcc, Hants, aud Fellow of Pembroke- College. 6 d. Rt-
vjngcon. t
IV. The Cbfiftian a/firing U Heaven— On the Death of Mrs. Soiai*
fiaii tiriuin, lare wife of the Kov. Mr. John Britain. Preached, in
Church-lane, Whitechapcl, July 13, 1773. By Samuel Stennet,
D.D. 6d. Buckland. " '
CORRESPON D E NC E.
TH E Letter figned Br. Etonieus is received ; it contains a num-
ber of valuable hints; but we apprehend that the Writer did
not mean to have his Lcirer printed.
A. B.'s Letter is very kind, and candid ; but he is defired to re-
flect how difficult inuft be the attempt to fettle an Inaex Expurgmtt-
rius, with refpect to the literature of a free country. As far, how-
ever, as is confident with a due regard to the real and /acred interests
of Truth, and to the natural claims of free and fair enquiry, oar
Corrvfpondcnt's judicious hint (hall he attended 10,
In our account of M. de Luc':, work on the Barometer, in our lift
Appendix, page 577, line 26, for ' fedentary barometer,' read % fi+>
thnarj barometer.'
In the fame Article, page 579, in the propofed emendation of Du
Carta's barometer, we neglcfcled, and perhaps it was fcarce neceftary,
to obferve, that when the tube has been fu Micicn tly inclined fo as to
raife the water to the top, the lower extremity mould be flopped
with a finger, before the fealing is broke off; as ocherwife the mer-
cury would inftantly defcend into the bafon. When there is a fenfi-
blc quantity of air at the top, the neceflary degree of inclination
jwa^y be eafily eftimated after a little experience.
THE
MONTHLY REVIEW,
For S E P T E M B E R, 1773.
WW. Dmbfiftj 9/ Ltaen fkt*i the Greri. Svo. 51. Flexncy.
»7»
UC I AN, who, arrong; the authors of antiquity, ftanrf*
L> »l»ort aJonc io (he walk of humour, hat at length hid
'X lit lo Mi facetious Dialogue, in anEngJifli tranflation,
Nor is ic fo very extraordinary that wc have bad no adequate
tiniabon before. The uflc is not fo cjfy as it may appear
^em 9 flight idea : to tinke crt" the peculiar genius and cha-
ncier of ancient humour, and at the fame time to prefer vc the
?edom of our own language, require* a conftderabte
ftarcof laftc and jqdfimeru, lie (uch then the prefent Tran-
praife, ir' the Public, on pcrufmg the following fpe-
uaea, ihill be willing to allow it.
Timran, haiing by indifcriminarc liberality, wafted his for»
tone, Jupiter and Mercury, out cf ccropaCion, (end Plutus to
rafcera bun from the labours of the fparie, and to reinftace him
»•" opufrace. No fooner have his new rocunes taken place,
laan the 6me fwarrn of paralitica! vermin, that devoured his
fcrmer fubftar.ee, begins to buiz about him again. The \t eha-
ftcttta and treatment make up the comic humour in the follow-
ing piece ' ue:
T J M 0 N bavi kg jail dug up his new-ic-und gold]
•y! whit is cm here? fwarms ofdufty felloe
pi aH a' pufing asJ Mowing — 1 limey
] kaic a good miftd ro get upon thu bank, that I may pelt rhem
•Jr titter/ with Aonei— >o~-I will break n e-nce — f wilt do
fpeakin^ to them, that my contempt of them
H their rcr* fouJ>, That. J think, wit! be beft. So I *:!!
ity bete co receire il:cm. So! who 11 this that come* I
Gauhomiei trtr r Be lately offert# at ft batter, ci*H pen-
i!<rrun ! *hrr- I occ^n bav a furper. TV
rafcil erenow baj fwLJci maey a noj^ead cl my wiur. However,
Voi.XUX. \%»
16*2 Carr'i Trattjlation of the Dialogues ofLucian.
1 am glad to fee him the very firft man : he (hall hang his lip prf
fently, I warrant him.
4 Gnathohidrs. I laid the gods could never long neglect fo
worthy a gentleman ! the handfome, good-natured, generous, jovial
Timon ! Sir, I am your moll obedient fervant.
* Timon. What ? the moft rapacious of all vultures ! the greateft
villain upon earth ! Siryour's!
1 Gnathonides. Still the fanie I fee— witty, fond 6f a joJce-^
Bvit where mail we be jolly together ' 1 have juft got one of the rare ft
catches you ever heard : 1 will fitig it to you.
4 Timon. With this fpadc I will teach you the fined «l«sgy in the
world, fo pathetic, fo—
4 Gnathonidbs. What now? Surely you do not ftrike me? O
dear I O dear I O dear 1 — he has wounded me fadly. Bear wit uck—
you flisll appear at Areopsgus for this.
* Ti won. Stay one moment longer, and you may lay your in*
diclment for murder. For as fure as —
* Gmathon idbj. No, no— But pray now apply a little gold to
the wound : 1 have heard it is the bell thing in the world for flop-
ping of blood*
* Timon. Are you not gone ?
* Gnathonides, I am going. Plague take yots ! what an al-
teration here Is indeed ! -
* Timon. But what bald-pated fellow is this that cornea now-?
Philiades, the moft execrable of all hypocrites! This hontf maa
bad a whole farm of me, befides two talents for his daughter's portion,
for praiftng my finging. When nobody elfe had the afTuranc* to
fay a word, 'he fwore my note was fweeter than that of a dying iwan.
But, when I was lately taken ill, and thought he could not do kit
than afford me every kind office, behold ! my gentleman hit me a
Hap in the face, for prefuming to expect it.
* Philiaofs. What impudence! Now, I fuppofe, yowJtuow
Timon ! Gnathonides now lorfooth vouchfafes a villi ! he uprightly
ferved, and no otherwife than fuch a fellow deferves. It is for ■*»
who have been his old friends and companions, to pretend to fotak
to Timon ; and not for fuch upllarts as he is. And yet I wmsMaot
intrude neither. My worthy Sir, 1 hope 1 fee you well. Yo«.»b-
ferve thefe faithlcfs parafites, true ravens, never prefent but when
there is picking ! there is no putting truft in man, as the world goes
now a-days. Vice and ingratitude rule the roait ! As J was cotbiaf
along, bringing a talent, for your honour's ncceflary occaiioirs, -1 wa*
agreeably fur prized with the news of your fudden and taft riches.
However, as 1 was almoft here, 1 took the liberty of coming on,
juft to hint to your honour what you have to truft to amongft men.
Not that a gentleman of your underftanding needs to be told any
thing, who might very well have been privy counsellor to Neftor
himfelf.
* Timon. To be fure, Sir! But approach a little nearer, Ptsf-
Iiadcs. Let me juft (alute you With my fpade, for the fake ofold ac-
quaintance.
1 Philiades. The ungrateful monfterhas fractured ray ftall, f
irally believe $ purely for offering my friendly advice.
• Timon.
Cirr\ !>i$&rf&* j/r*^ D/aUgm if tktkk. i 63
1 Tiv-cr. The ivi:J man that comes u Demcas the ora:or, a
precious fcoeodrc! ' He fcat n rfi \\t hand .-: i
be my ret* :h. Thn I d been lined lixteen :a!en:i,
tad was io nil /or ihc debt, which, out cf
»i«, and fee htm at liberty- lie happened CO
have the diflnbutwaj of the c (fee tribe or' ErccaUa
; 1. and brg/rd of Kim to gi»c tnc what fcl! to my lharc.
i'y he wat in donbe ol my be ing a ci. .
• DiHlU, Hail' Tunon, ortwi n«M of thy f-ce, pillar of Athent,
bilwark -jI Gtcvcaj1 the people in ull convocation, and both the
coins await your orders ' But, in the till pUcc, be rlcafed to bear
Oc bill, «hxh I hare cot putted in y '' Wocteas '! |
brattles of Colyitm, nor ontv remark]
vrtBf hi a rnan net to
bt paralleled in Urccce, hat never coaled through hii whole I
utftr catraoriir.iry favour* on the common** .. come off
sifttftoaa ir» bos jQd running a; tBo Olympic games,
C in oar day; betide* :! — "
• Tmo*. • W»y, man, I oever law the Olympic game* in m/
life.
1 DfMf>:. Prftar? *hat fi£aifics tlmf yop will Tec '.hem fesno
time or other. 1 caufi £0 br ikr fur:;*— " I wooJtiful
cf eroweft lail year at Ach- cut to pieces two diviliODS of
iW rVJopoontvefians''—
■O*. ijcnr? laercr bort arms in my life! J never ferrcd
■»*• any expedition io my J*/* day>!
• DitfiAi. Merit ij always modefl. flu; ill it would become as
tnfcxget yo*r».— " In pai*xng laws, in ( 1 in the deld,
Urh rtKcVercd fignal fervice to tf.e city : (or thefc and fun dry other
ti*ki ticm thereon to moving, it hath leernrd good [:' ihc Senate
"ad pee in gencrii. anJ I tft parti-
tila/, ta- erect a jjoJJcn llaiuc of Tiinon in ihc mu
awy bcto Winer* ing a thunderbolt in his right- hand, ltd
asking his bead fu wllfc ray* j lHat bfbf cvovwd **illl fcreo
ride* crowns, as it to be j 0* Bacchus 1 (for oa
Tiaaooa accouot it i> kep; thia day). Thi: deem ■■ laced
*y Dcwcau the orator, slic near reiauon and difciplc of Timon, of
aooarbo exeeli it; oratory, as in every iMnc c'.fc vihich bs t»
every
decree.
piraJed to ondenike." Sock it the decree. . IfTicJ
*anhe bonogr ci introducU^ my (00 to yoo, uhom 1 have prefdmed
WtaJI by y<;
ii is abfo!u:eJy the flifl time thai I have hcarJ of
^ear Uing msrned.
• Diat***. I hope to be mJirrin! thr next yew, whiCJ wilt be
j«4 ai *e!J And, as toon at Providence (ball haV« mf -
I endca/Baeots with a male child, I will CCrUloIy name him
1 Timok. There ! take tUa; f Now what Jo jou think cf mar-
r^itr*
' Uiut*». What avow ? Oh dear ! oh ! do you fe: uo (bf a ty.
.-rea (geh a feDo* a >0u, an alien, preiume to ftnka »
tiena* i 3«t you iha/i Oe tuoufht Itfott your bcueis, lot W^*v.£
164 CatV* Tr anfgtm tftbt DiaUpvs •fLutitm
the citadel on fire, and Sot many other crimes, which yc* havss
nutted. 1#M ...;.-. .. •
* Timok. Bnt the citadel has. not been Ctt on fire i ihcr
* Demias. Button have enriched yonr&Lf by breajdsy^Sqi
treafury. '4 *■'•**>
* TiuoN. But it. has not been broken into; tWrCj agaji
* Dimbas. It will be by and by. Thongh indeed you, Ja
the richei of it already. im /
* Tiuoh. Take another blow then.
' ■ DnMiAS. Oh my back! my back! ,!"*-,
" * "Tiuoh. Come* make no noife, unleft you want another <
lame fort. It would be a great frame truly* if J, who, un'ab
'cut in pieces two divifions of the Lacedsmonians, CouU) noj'
the bones of one poor rafcal. 1 ihould be very little the belie
%eaft), briftKngnp his eye-brows, muttering fome mighty mas
timfelf, looking as gruff as you pleafe, with his hair fUa$9
fflort, another Boreas, fuch as you fee putting and fwellins JL
'pnthe northern edge of an old map. This man, whoft'a
demdmbnr are fo decent and xnodefl, who is fo grave akd
in a morning, will «• you over twenty fine fpeechcs.irjT "'
Tietv and Virtue, and Moderation ; moft devoutly ccty
tboie who tread the fiipocry paths of pleafure. Bnt when
from the bath to a good topper, and the fervant haaa:
w4th a plentiful cup of good wine, which he hates to '{'
water; the deficidus Lethe quickly makes him forget .
'cbtdVms of the morning, and Thj-afyclcs can be as jovii
of them. Voracious as a kite, his bufy arms defend tb!el
bending over it, his beard ftreaming with gravy, he .jpj(
half-ftarved hound, exne&iog, no doubt, to fwallow his i
tirvae in thelafl; remaining mouthful of fome reUlhlng^tai
though that induftrious finger of his permits no javoury u$
lutk m the difh, yet he is perpetually grumbling;, aslf ha
Ibn'to complain of his Ihare ; though he has fecured aQ the j
with the entire boar. After fo much cramming, he raS i
dances, fings, fwears, and quarrels. Meanwhile every J;'
prefaced with a panegyric on temperance and fobriety, "J
out as well as drunken philofophv will allow. Next b^gi#
ration of his emetics, Jail of all they carry him off, chnj
both his hands to a wench. When this man is. (ober. \
one to go beyond him, in lying, impudence, or" ayaxice.3 ll
tickle your vanity fo rarely, fbrfwear himfelf . fo ' rcadify, jm
pofe upon you with fo grave a face, as isndt'any wntfVto^N I
Jed. In Jhort, he is a finithed piece, nicely touched off, and
ftaiy fine. Yet perhaps the good creature can howl a little.— \
Thrafycles ! I have impatiently expected this favour.
' Thrasycles. I do not come, good Sir, believe me, fm
fame rcafoa that others do, who, knowing you to be an honefi <
hi
Can'/ TmJUtm oftbt Diakguei tf Lutimti 1 6 J
Wirrrrl otfofpr^irjr nin, espe$, fcy dint of * ftattrriag fpeech, »
get from you your raouer or your fup f<r. Timon needs not be told
W« tiak i cfteetn what » eallH good Irving. The finpkft of ttl
i»d». a litUr crcffci, a little thyaar, enntrnti nir: eiccpt **hco I
-i.c a mind tu n-fcjfc ; for then I »dU a Jurlefak. My drir-k comet
from tic clcax i'.. Ao4 au olJ dc j^ it more to- ray fai
.a the fin. rbf gold, I value it no more than
the taeaaeft pebble. >'*r be ii from mc to eftecai futh UAjttitory
raafctesl ft w*t oft) alvantage,
cuae hither, belting of yn-ur dangerout fituiiioo in tfce midn nf mo!
*TMl*r*+\, «ort cVimeiite ricSct, nfpeafeable mif.
taeet. U jk» ufce ay advice, 70a vV.ll throw nil yotf nionc
the fea | Hi, fare I jdi, a rood roia, who know* the vilue of phi*
bfcpbr, can hare no oc.-.. -;i fur any othet wealth. Or, ff|
»oa juifl flep g- i 10 the mtJiUe, ltd drop >our bigt quiet)
ato the IhaiKv writer, wliiJr there i; aobo-Jy to l«e you befr
, if you Jo not towril approve of that, you* any
lioufe in patccli. ami m Unu propar-.
felf. Bu; J
-, ifaphilofopfcr; mould COM . be*ouJ<i
>hle or treble fliw, u it it moil fitting. Not that I
tr« i tfiont J deiirc ar.y t Though! to be faff*, if I
I coald do good with it aanonRIt QtJrieaaV - Thii
ckr» not tukJ c^aicr two A-p** balheU. Jf yoa
W tl- it tar rat, I ihouid be iatiined. . JOf)
:>ught to be conteatcU MrUa a fcttU, ao<i o>oi caet*.!
• I Jet.
i , .
.
KlhytJur w»a!Jet. ■ ■■• meafure o: v.- ui fcc
I nay match it '. ■ ttruty ainj.
Taj* arret.*?. Hero ii flno woi It ! wti>t*ill thii worW «omV
r Wfccre axe your iawi and yuar libaffij if an haneft nria u to>
■ header b> i vile tatoati t
g^KKl Tarafyd**. c>> not Ve ao#fv* I (mw¥*
Ratiie; than you 3io jJii compiiin, I ^»lT xivo y.oy
....
le^cn: ci ., rny pcoe fjo . ■
trhsd nar<fdr( : even gn upon .1 <-:. t" J p',-
. alho-ACrof llo
;*$. Forbear! •fcTbear1 \re arc all goiny.
* TfWOir. Not ■itaoat krildg a iiubc hgootl, I Ocixvc.' V
The Author, 111 his preface, (rem* CO heao^iy, on fame ae-
aaut * <- WertyyRLvicTrrrs ;• 1>j( ojr rcfifflmrlf
i-'cUway* iicritctd to juUkc.
#3
Atti
\\r .v-
[ ,66 1
A*-T. II* Of tkf 0'-t r/4rS^i if La*l**£4 *•
THERE a not, pcrhj . Id vi pi u o^ophicil
enquii of roar* cvirtou* ff*<uUtldn than r*r
crtgtn ttmt p'^rtit *(<»*?.»*£(• i*** w the fcibjcft ©orr rnrluuri
;«ft!fi£„ being iimrnmly cwinci'
hiftorf i- r^r o( rfc* ha r
rally an 1 ■ :f-
lions in pli
lu order co ; with any device of
Aic<e{«, a gfcat •,-■;. :•, -, tj-
aiiitt.l in tbc fame per Ion. J he wutcr
;>r pofl'nllirtl of a truly phulofnc-hiral cufn of (Tsind, ni" loynrt
ittdois\ciu, nice dHccrnmoic, critical lagaciry, and cxtrnl
iiuii. If he tuppcr? tu be » jjcrfon of a bold yr J lirclj
imap; tc may buiid a theory indeed tijvort a few facV
. vruh pre*-, pljufibility, and Km.
rrrceflar}
DCifoa. of real lcarni
;;: 1 ttlr attention tn
A uj, it would L-c th«
acV "'rtWgr tkat : lie Author », in lev oral rcipKH, wel
fjuajificd (or the -Jihcult talk h«: has •ndemken. He z(
(o kuve ftwJtcJ I jc i>jwcr», rubn?, tnd facuh ta oC human
rure with great c*re; he Chew* a very con'/id.-rab c oV*ft*
»I acumen \ he writes v.-
a-td I r are well fnitcJ to hi"
fattier .*, ihirgj he has undoubtedly adTaiHcd » bi
nrt (on . i . flight and fupcdk
th* (y.l<3(4 /vca^tf, i... . I be ilfcfpofcd to mace
*b'f 4uVnvAfu;rt tvs i he meet* with of thi». Kind.
Will conuccr that the Author, id many pim of hti rn^uu
hadmy few-tighu to guide Win: it will hkewifc n'ai
occur to h;m, that j conjecture miy'apoear li ;■<, •,
otic who ;-.tirely conftdcrtJ a lul
who ha* not, ii n ahftird out.
. ' o'uf< arc of -
arM rr ;cntly will afford ]
enca I to the generality <u /c*4trs ; yet toe r
tranfitionk from one fabjcQ. to anotlicrr-aad rhc many hll
faSs that arc fcattered through the whole, fame of which
•uriov*, and hut lade known* aye a vtty a-mcjUe rel
have afforded u», we rnuft acknowledge, both entertal
and inGruition.
• _-
* £a»d to be fatten bj tac riara: ben. Jxmei Borne:, of Monl
one of the L-j;di uf iiit Court of Scfion in Scotlind.
Of tkt Uri'iix cnJ Pc*gr<fi 0/ LeK£*££4. Vol. I- 1 67
The Diuuicr in vrh-cU the work ii introduced, is as follows;
i- uur of fpeeth is (uppokd to be chat which ciueiv' dif-
fcngvi**" Ei from to* hrait erfstioa ; and it truly to» if bxfpmr*
+t ••tknlaad, net 00b ih< mere w>rdi oe l'etndi cf a U^uace,
bui Us coacepiMtiu *J the sair.d that ere fijtiihcJ by taofe focedsi
- nastfat uf ctrietu ixq-iio, fcsxn w he ace uc hare derived (bis
[«»K>gj{itc oj osr esterc r how it ftrit hntni; 1*4
by what a^r<cs U a«ired to ;*at ; Irate 41 prMetste-n eo wakh it has
beef ' : arnjnfc us, ai leait n» ctlicr ares and nations or'
'jd:ry becomes :bc 1. *in£. ** well as of
IcsJl J* I>4CK tO WO*|
»sy he nJffd the :r u-ifnout the u'< >*'
reifM ipJ fpeeefc iv? hue no prrtf'nuoni to tuMmtity, i*of rsa w3m
ssy propriety fc* called mi a 1 but nii.t he contrntrj to r-
ike wtci ssjiaui* here below, over *hom wc sflumc f;> mucfi fepe-
*r«Kc dominion cnicfty far mean? af the adtuuisgrS
us. From this hnh of hum in future1*
l miy be < <ade»,roor to trace its progr efs to ks
Jin progreU, at; the indivtd^sJ, si very wott
*«*:«•« 1 but we proeelc here to exhibit the (pew. -•-
/ury.wiiJl mate ; i£ and li. tW de-
El ; So! at
t rod* cflayi, Arming 10 sk the rrn
nskgRu! .. TheiabjrM
nor ; no abihct , am
t*viȣ P<- I of !:. Arid rhoagh I have met w
(eocettJag it in thx rour> nf my reading, tftr/ ;rr fetfi aVfciW t*.
tber r . a fatiiaed my curiosity.
teuton 1 h-vc todoe«daaceo/"donc, aad jivo to too iwV
lic, my th- poa litis fpbjctt wfiitt sre lac t'ruar of*msck study
.jei with .lunie ii>: '.rveral teutf,
s«e! ' lOXtvifLsy
lumry, whci .. kp
.
reii ;sadDur, v.i. ■ .■. : ■ my
»«rfc» tint 1 hrf oprard a nrxr HeW oF <|<ctJrsurfcJ|»J tfl'vhtVS ereji
•jtot« "»V I* "♦ "^f, by i*r*-.ng si beacoocto dtrrrt mto tbe
: ctfurCe istcn of gltMft les»tii«>,' sad ibi)iu«*.
' Tbe work will be divided issto rarer pirn. Tfc« «>^ will tsrat
ri«DBisaje, and oi the ru;ui< 0/ tkejir/ iso^usges ;
sj ^hsy saay be »yre properly csJcd. tudz esUya. awards ♦***
I hkfe wej ' 1 -e
I : ■ • .......
Iflj, srsd ho ■*• it dirr-ra IrOtn u.*.:4J2<-
1% tin: put of my work, I »J1 give - ilidfc
_'«* Langsagru'buk appear to r.Pthc » oil in jnoft
:.feaalofl. f will alro* treat ofyf>//, orcofapofition in wflrtls,
Xtng to the *rt of language ; and I think i* vilt not ac
brvi(n to n>y fabjeel to fsy famethinr likewiir of p*i't an
best* sju of *ldCft U.icuage fbnti&ti tas (. - t'ubjcil
of is* tki\ :? part ivill be the (trr»p>u* of lanjjosge . of
■ttck I ifaaU endearoar to afligti thr caefrs, snd uacethe pro^rels —
Tst fir* part will be chtrHy pmlofophicsl, mixed h'^gv^t vtOfc %
M 4. po4
.1
T.6B Qf th Ortfi* *nd Pr<%r*fi if Larpugt. Vol.1.
good deal of hitoy, ted fatU, by which I mail endeavour to fap-
poit my cbeotiei, and philoforhica! fpeculsiioaai The two laft parts
via) be gttntnsticat std critical. Thr Aylc will W plain and di-
daiuc, Inch at U liitabfc t> a lubjKt that U to be treated a* a maner
of fcience J; will uui therefore hare that mixture of the rUrmksi
aid /wrrrW, thai ii To ccctmon in the falhiutablc writiiif s of t*U
age, apon whatever labir-A, and which plrafc* the vulgar w ouch;
foe as I do not write tor (lie vulvar, 1 will not Acapt my liyle, any
artore then my manor, to thcii UttcV
Tbe full part of our Author's waiit u divided into three
toots, and cath book Subdivided into chapter*. In the fit*
look, he endcavutns to pru*c, from die origin and nature of
ihe idea.: cwpreiT. frora the nature of artacu-
Ittion, that lajiti»a^e ij not naharal Co oka. By !>rtf*ua$c he
ni, iht fxfr/Jie* tj th nnvftivu #/* tk# m*d hf trlkuUt*
According to this dehi cconfirra ofiwo things;
MoieJy, founds, and the coKtpitorts of the mind ft|:nifie*1 by
thoft four*)* ; the firft is called the moirriaU and the other the
^reirtir.' part of 1-mgaage. Now tUe firft thin&, our Author fays,
ia, whether lar^ua^c be at aO
.;.. vi'/.V ketii? or whether, according to the
lo nut Ipcak by mi tint, without uic or in-
ie mannrr a«. wc perform many fundion*
of Jic. unitnai iMturc f — Our Author* opinion it, that the &•
culty of fp*c«.h ii ;i" i mrc to min,bur, like many
other*, it accjihcd b*. tim , catno-t only (here rr.ull bate I
fociety bc/brc language wav farvefttco1, but that it mult have 6nV
Aitorf a eopwderabtc time, and other art* have been discovered,
be' -vA found '»;n. Langiti^c appears to him of fo 4ihv
cul: rot eufy to account, he ia)i, how u
eoulJ jI all Wave l»ten invented.
Be/ rcau of the faculty of fpeech in pun
lfcw>k* %UftfCtf*T) t0 take a general view of thr capa<
and habits of luman nature i and he enters into
and ciai-wV' coucerntn* the nature end origin
Mms — The bttt o vifwB, bethinks, that ever urn -mure of t!
conception* of the human tornd, it that w*ii<h Plato hit t>lt
sai in afte Yb&ttuity intn tkmCe which the mii. unm
affiffancf if th* fi'iftt, and took which it forms lj
Cut fueh ail'V
« TnU divMion, fay* he, I preftr to all others ; beeacfr ;t m:
tae prdf-erdUlin^ioa between foJj and *J*^, which n
bcoot oft)»e view of a jwiilofophcr who treats of fucb a compound
.— a corapoujid rjiat never can be property ajiaZv
making x\m dtftinCtinn \\U\\ thr grratefl a
K ftr;t*iti*i *fjin/t ; whicK undoubtedly are th« aft c :
Jl ti 'ibecthtr; for it is not 'QC ftnft that ffr./rvn, I
p 4/ tirrough the medium of fcafe. The other arc what I call AiU
Of tki Origm **J Prnrtfs if Ltntuagt. Vol . \\ 16$
and irr
i to ' .
ir ">m die t:
it\\ Cuch as arc dinattly
■ ■ way
a
and of
arJn fmtr. t
«« dcny.lhjrir. :
Vrroj-Wp*, ate ultimately to be derhcJ i |
matter. But with ticfr, the ideas of tic firfr cUfs axe more nc-iiiy
amtmdUd; wbcrcu ;■■ • r kind i
sni&d, and may he £ud :o fcv? of in Mt* jr<
Jro* n. fhes. They mi) therefore &« called
jcfli to the Itatc, not K*t#ra!i&j[ t*'i)t aa tic ctJacr*
:h the
lux wn by the name oTfi^fi ; the ticaky 07 which
■. j call /a-t
m**7. la the perecptico by fcm':. the mio*J i- k rod **
tttftiy furTive. itccsviaj; like *nx the imprt£ior;j cf
jwk: bat in the other «ny of oj>eratinj. it rxcfu tVv
jrff*9*+**j* power which i bcU <o be rbe aJftlngualh
fit sictd, *od t'-c fpeeihe difference betwixt it nod body. Wfcei
ifotfbcs (he mimii operate* io this laiivir, it ittrli in tuxivc
, ted */u in a tnanrxx xnoce war Ay ot its divine erigiul ;
acta in tie odtff My, it is to becoaiioVccd.u aiautf
Wiethe? (i *ji aViya cMigeo <S«L
.hcthcr there w*i ipcrao f iu
cjuieiKr. when it derircd i
cnKofllioH of a/bicb saVsii ir ia now only e
rfMftVd, by the itapolftof fenfe, Co ttjrT ill' our krovK-dft .
afcen ryataty****rt ta • fpceuUtiun nci tftbofllto
t>tar Author proceed* ta» confidcf Mr. Loclco* dkiflon of
wicaa into liaotc of (caution and zeAe&on \ »ni here he t<U*
.. I.ucax has taikeJ very ct/afulodiy uj>dla>the SubjecaV
nto the capital ctror <w con.'ouTvilaig tocjpuotawton*
tti {cidc, whiJi vc toe •iouccn of our. idea*, *ith the idea*
ikmfcirc*.
Locke, fayafcc, wrote at • ciaae wfc*n Uo e*#a*iWfep*(y, I
• kfly, voagcav -*Ur ion doss arid iatj> ted*
m iy*»
eAjr
vj:«*l-i ■ i trough-. tD coKJ^MMafdcxiuUa-
. AaJ I niuft x3o*, taut I 0*.iak it wai i an^r xnars,
i the aiElbnce of tcct», tx of the cotivc
learot<i tha ;. to jo ferjicr in t.ic philofopl.) of mirrc thin
H baa door. iM tow that Mr. Hxrrit has opened eo us the trea-
Coxta
j ;o Of the Origin <md Prquft c/ La%i*0ti. Vol. I.
fuK» of Greek pftiMbpfc*, to confer Mr. Z^eer flill as a flacdud
Ju> of i hiloiopkv. «oold be, to uic an antieat cocar ■
timi:*{ ro feed on *rtr»/ -- wa* diltove ?*,<
havt been totoy, itAtt we retlora:: D of letter*, that ur.cfcrfloc<
Creek ■»- - : !. or rxihips bewer, til
;o my fri<nd, without fotpicioq of parti- i,« h«i
Lao-AlcJ^c in t.i*: lAOgiup/- tfudy of iae
t' man ihit h*\ li
tvti tfce »! c wefiern parts
me hid learned Or:. ih.it too .
Upon the taking ninoplc, »m! >iaJ r>nt fane talle AbVBC
. u l.m.w, inat wna: w.u i^a^I Bat
was a bajtird kind of it. we im media cr>' fet up as miftej.
.■«, and noatd nee-! nlori in philofoprty, iofl<
humble fcMir- of tfcc antjeat malter*. In Out *3Y £>« C4r".
ranee, Mr. flolfai and M . £«<$* in £: > i r
inrr their time of left note. I would fain hope, I
me to think to well of it, that Mr. - . Jt a fcc*}> •
cart bod of philofophinng without the alTitlince of tic *m
rehire the getiaine <-r«ck philofophy among in.'
Th'ii h w\\ the only \ work h!
he (he- :dncla for the Greek ph»!oi*>phy, au-i
feerns ro think it prrfumpucm ia the modrr.-i
lofopbrre without (he alii ft • nee of the antitnti. Toe pcru or
th< Greek uxiilofopJicis will icr/ readily be acknowledged by aJl
v/ho are converfant with their writing* ; but furely, it U porft-
t!c, wuhout their dicrelioa or aflaftancc, to go as far in the
philo&phy of tne human roted as they havedore • to f
the cooirary >i» indeed, abl'urd and ridiculous i but (his br
tbc b]
Alter en: , at t>rcit lcr£fr«, ihr progrxt"-, of etc
in th^ formation of iilc.i^, out AutS^eend;
they are fcrroeJ, F*?4&i but in coafe<juerKC of *,
r/arai dufciCACC, he lav*, between raw.
mmd of a roan and I brute ; we have t>y ntture weau.'
cj^ilitica (-> he expreCea it) than they, and a greater facility
9<.fo*mift)t and tmprovitid; a-xhitt, but there <i do oihec Ojjftf-
cjkc betwixt ui ami them.
. £nvage>vwe ate tcW, are it> ouiriincarer the natural P
man than we, that it i» from them only that wc can fotm any
ide* of lite ar^piaW aiture of man | swd our Author aiEim
any man who attempt* to ferm a lyftem cJ
what he obfervcj aifiong ci*iii**J oat - .will proi
fyFlem. ^siit*. but of 4>n; and intiead of the aura<raf
man, the workrnan(Lip of Gaa9 WlS! exhibit j i ..
-jtion.
Of ehi Origin and Prtgrtft ofLanfuagt. Vol- I. J71
1 WppKMP tQ fotvr that ideas of external tiHcflt are
<n cat-it, cot KM r//w ,*!/ cf the Blind upon \tk\(, by
; iu o*n oper atiom, our Author pro-
ceed* to tic*: or iTT(u-vLnt**t and na* no doubt of being able to
cotmocc oery one who (ball think it irorih hit while to at*
Mh) to hkn, t* '.ion is alrogctheT the work of irt, at
k.ft of a babtt acquired by cuibn ami exe/ofc, anJ that we
aft truly by future the viutvm pecut that H" 1 '« to he,
1 able to prove, both from theory and Uvt* j
, that we do not f[>ealt in tb-'
of a.) oii.t:.. bci't .. i('C<!l*iioQ of jMfer*/, I
»c ire bom, nc- u;-, audoentkew
tv]v. ;ni with a gre;it ;Jc*l
ie ten*e time ajfo we begin to form u
ii'.v i made to fcrvc for both ; namely, that
oar Bind:, 1: well aj oar bodily organs arc then *i?ik, and tber*-
i>tc arc er>*b!c to j -rribraa (c>fr*l U ihcii. natural f« bat u
v hev^.r irarjj »nd confirmee] by age. then *c both
thiftk in-J fjx-V cjui 1* not true with rdpe^t to rlu*h'*£. I
urrd to Jhow j aa4 with refpw to Uxa1-
fcrll pjaee, that of all tbafe lavage* which tav© b:**,
f Europe, not enc bad the uic of fpecta,
thougn the/ kad a_I tho orgar
fVm. ard i.gut » rn; I a* much at wit pof-
fibtc. Wkcfl I :b«vr mind* -ere n cd by
id of conve-i *iuoo or lotcrcourfc with their own (, 1
»*d they come the length, ace
l* at all, Onr 1 i thefc wai < >a worn of
tt it late as :le reign of GeocgC J. aad fox ajiy thiotr I ktioa
u yet aiive s at leaft I ana iur« he was fo Jom« yf.m ago. ife war a,
a f*rfoa
M boiJj. aa I hive becu i»for|oo- by 4 fwrfca
- luuc IU I
where he •.. d had an i
; 1 he hii
: make allowance for the «ii/fcr
■ 1
-rocd to fpca.. iliou:»ti .
en rrft c;.:
icw eric t;entlrip*r f-»«i
U*H&» but a who'.* nation, if 1 ma;
~yt tliC ufe of Jj»ci\h. Thi»
-; arc fouiui m .
. They ^
Foj
of ti
aa>
, t,i»y v-oXk 'h-t; cf br-n:
ofaetrogi " (Iitc»o»* and uiet;--;1;
fc f*Ai are rcUted
and t wai fcrther cold Vy a gciuler.4n »60 ftoJoet
to Angolii that there were lotne of them fstrn feet ai^h, and
rjT OfthtOripnttiPttgrffflmpxgu Vol. t
aid of ',.\crr. ; for wfeen tVey <f id
:i-.^!, ih«-y were fan ro be tmn
hey were titcftrJ. Bui enough ftom tie pv.
aerorfeHMntioaed it .npfwartoeewtlo, that they ire of i r fpcci
ellPSOjrh tier lure made feme jvog/eU i* Ux Jlrt* o* J;
hoc com tot length el im^ui*:; *** «ccordr. or thi
tVM Ji«vc been btOMglu to hu/opc co»ld 4*»k. and *
ftj**BC *v • law at Tans nrr or*
whofe tltin wii i>u*V .-net
jutartl Cdriofuiei. I :tly en-; lhni>e*»d featsreiol 4 man
ifi<l fru'iicaJuJy 1 wis informed, that be hia o.-gxes of p.
riibttral yciuaf V i*dj
6y drift 'rftAg ffiir;!'. Tie hi-l at mnch
itiil w eoote be expedted from hit educatioi
Hrtjc offices to the lady with rvlrom ho lived, bat r,
I jo, of one of tScrn be'- i
rrciKS gcn(!<0itt 10 uU toga 10 market for lum,
* further, to Oiea tHe rfirliCulty Cf pre atmeiation, the I
te-'Uio. that thofc who h*vc been Kcuftomed to fpr..
livcii caanot without \ht j>ieateft labour And rutin* It
ivwrictf fmiiidi that they hiie not teen accuiomedta. T*
iliac hm not hr ■ ,, ca»
ever )c;rn to prcnouaee the
i, that it, the ta-r
EhcHAimnta cannot pronounce the .dpirated K, t: tj^t*'
whuh *e in Scotland pronounc- -vi the ;.i .
i Monuii, who "j
■ / ' '-''
arc £JS
■
■ • .
ncm, they h.
' cf£r*£.
Munti *,* /, ant! *y which we reckon
t confonanta that oar children
that lk< Hurooi hare bo
f all doubt ho «y :
■; ui. Arid their cafe defei
dp thai they arc crcxiiclv
: a*l,'*jl
; 101
re
B
xnen whvliavc tne ulc of rtiiTcm, and wnlrcBafWfe witfc Utet
wjj, acquired tlic haJm of form . ..i eft m»l
he <iira« CD hltie . liou-h with Infioiiety
re he" eoul<! ha** a Iin;*
w:mt therefore nothing in onier 10 fp^atk , bo:
. :he favagiM who invented the full Uepuago I
tui filiation, do tli<-„ i Ua£ai£.. */ come
perrV^ *gr, « it is ild 3d \( •
<«e ia oor i tt^y evrr r^irne tn fppi'< c.u
? the aft moll certainly i«, rtinc they aevt.
coniinu': to tommunkare their thoof^n by locks at. I
i vve call Jl^ti, tinJefj they be taagbc to ftrdcflla
Utcl) invented/
• - r
Clark an tht Dijtafn in Izag Vtjtgti if 1*1 Crr.*/ri/i. i^j
Raving l h» pored tacfiA, u he thinks, iruxmccftahly, it
vt fce'dU-eult, he fxya, to aifign the reafoiu, and explain
or wc need otiljcoun-terwkth a little atte.
refcunifmof fpceeh, srxi we fhall loon find, that
arc required for fpcaking» certain pcfuions and motions of the
organs of the mouth; fuch as the* tongae, the teeth, lips, and
, &c. which cannot be from nature, but mufl be the c(Tc£t
of set : fince their action, when they xre employed in ihccrmn-
fo different from their natural and quiefcent
hac nothing Lui Inn- ufc and c&crcifc could have:
tsughf i» to employ them in that way. He thinks it unnecef-
dry, to hi v prcfcfii puipofc, 10 explain thts more particul-uly,
jn:cr. J.r.g Co fay more upon the fubjtcr aftervrards.
'
1 1 r. Ofprrmtitm ** f A# fi\fisfit im k*g />*#/" /fl *•* ^ ■
. . #» ji*// tt4r/4 pMVM! in ikt > a/t-h-Jw, gv Joan
scn.'Sui^coa of the Taib-X Indiar-ic. £ro. 6 s. bOtiod.
73-
* nr~*H H difeafe* CO !:e aei with, fays our Author, id tlie lonfleir.
X royago to the Bad Indies ire ! ;iably the fame,
lai Btt* he cci.'.t-.icjcd Lf.dcr tli<
' > lOOCd L*y t '
vjch a> arc ot<a£ooed lij hc^c
■ sch as aie ir.r confluence of cold and rnuiflurr.
« A-fita, the di/eifes which atco«afic.ucd merely by heat art few
tcir incnnfiderablc. If the vuyj • -blc, and there Me
Joag ccaicinucJ wlus. the ciew gcAtjaily enjoy a good lU:c of
1th, *ad tie never jffiifctd with cLin_croiu diicatb. The com-
rfsetU which immoderate beat hs* noon the co u%
of th* Ivltciu, urefaiUon of the liuiJi, and * more liberal
of bole -, beoec lots of appetite, aaujea, hcad-ach, aeceje-
ot pel*, and flight ardent .idmiuing of an eifv cu:c.
heat alone oiay be rather coofidcrcd ji j remote, predif-
caofeof wefcaet'*, which will univoidahly happca tvhen foe*
by a hvmid aad iUj(Qant atruoiphcrc.
The difcsfes occj£oued by fccit -ndmoiirurc are remitting fc-
i or putrid tcntirwi.iU, wli.vh I hajrcvc-ually ract with betweca
tropics, and patilculwl) in the btitaoes near the equator, where
trtr b eoeomooly stwa moiit *od hazy iUte, ind where, on ac-
•eovnc of trequeat cairn, there are oonou* cxh Irom the
ccea-. Ai ttc vu>a?e ji prptraQ tffiiRlc -; worfc dif-
|0-tfon, awd crer» aiiei i'k< arrival of frame n in hcahay lurhaor*, a
frr»ttr psitre/setjosi in the daids ii indicated by gripes, icrxfmtjs,
aod other dyf enteric iympeomr.
' Ike atoll con* men disease at urn, ariang from cold and moijtarc,
the fcuxvy, wkich (cddcai ar werce appears ia roya£c; to the Kail-
till the ftupi have arrsTed in the itormy latitudes ctT the Cape
1*4 Cliik *n the Difra/es in Lrng Fejagtt tt hit Qmmth
of Good Hope. If the wrather bdry, tod tic jafcje ejcick Into
wMt temperate latitude*, but particularly it* tie seamen bare kid
|'uft<s>nt refr-lhmnnr hrlisri- :hrv undertook the voyage, the rlifeai*
ii fvldom 10 be fcee, or, if it doe- make iu appearance, i« ace aoor-
taL On the contrary, when ihips ore long detained by Qor*to«rabk
, in cold and fiorniy weather. cfpcciaJl. >-hcn fcas coculavaily
wafti t>« detk, the fuuntion of the common tailor ii tbeo tru)> iJa-
f..!c ; for, when upon doty, he it wet sad fatigued ; ted when
t i: his turn to p . he haa no place to retire to, bat a
birth or a wet hammock, where he mull breathe a poll a ted air.
Thefe cifcaoflaocet never fail to product the fcurvy; the men be-
fall down daily : and tt lift even the officer*, who lire bet-
ter, who have dry clothes and apartments, are affeiled, and /offer
snort or led by the difeafc. 1 am well aware, that w« aaeet with
intlances of the fcurvy breaking out in warm climate*, *hic* hap-
pened to Lord Anfbn*i fquadion. after leaving the coajl of Mexico;
frot, in this cafe, it is to be remembered that they had fuffercd siuca
by the diteaie before, and might therefore the more eahly rc}sp&,
although they lived upon frefh diet, and kept the (hip well tired atyd
clcta; be fides, we hove fome rcafon to conclude, from the account
given of the difcafe by the ingenious compiler of that voyage* that
it was combined with a putrid fever. I w:mld not, liuwetcr. ferai
tn :pfer that fuch rainy weather as happened at that time will ttrer
-•rodoce the fcurvy ;n warm climates; but initances of it are feldoai
Co be tact with ; and it may be aftrmed in general, that putrid fe-
vers ire the confcquencc of beat -mi nrtl&titt ; -*»'d that tie fcuny,
a difetfe of a very putrid nature. >et quite oppofitc to a fever, is the
consequence of cold and moifture.
1 I come now to < - moll frcqucrt land diseases its the
Etft-Indics, which cannot be fo propei. I into acute and
tlroeic ts into the Jncafca of the diy, and thofe of the wet ieaiuu,
• The prevailing diff iff* <>f the dry feifon are fluxes from acrid
bile, thecolera. dry bclly-aeh, lltfljtsrpacion; and obltruciioai of the
Theft rre the complaint! of the dry month* on the coaitof
Mslabar and Coromandd . and even a: Bengal and oiler asarfli/
countrici, the fevers which piccedc the runs aic it Id qui of a delete-
rious nature.
e dii'eifei of the v.et feafon are fevers and fluxes, whk* are
mtlijnint in proportion to the heat and humid ty of th>: lie- at. J to
the coxtoas cabal; d uncultivated traits at
country; as tfcey only diner aa^degicc. tlty rn*y Ik all rtftrre4 tw
the fame elafs; for to chtraAerifc thera by difference cf pliee woeU
Lbtetidleft, umieceflary, and j>frp!<xing,' '*
Of the icvcral dilcafes here enumerated, ibe remitting fever
taker up a confirferable proportion of thr prefent work. After
giving ■ clear and JiJtinit Inltory of this (ever, our Authcr pro*
ceeds to the niethod of cute
g, fay* he, it anore indifpenftSly i>eeentry, n '
ginning ot tint r«ver, than to cleaole the lr.ieltinal tube orgeat]
vomits and purges. Nature (c:an alwart to indicate futii cv
5
Clark o* tit Diftafis in kng Vtyt<% U bt QtWitf. 175
•jiorta by tke plentiful iteration of bile, which, if not fpeedlry dif-
charred, often Uinrs on :.ti inflammation of tbc ilomacri, ntusfia,
i*j m «p. pTTTfotintr, -n the courfc of the diieale, tbc etie;t* 0/
aa* Motfc-powrvraf rardtcioei.
he* «fc* r :k«d Howl*, or when I waa called is the
i frou*d « the be-! tourfi vt tin ft rinnit nf ipiiw sinW.
wkh a few grains o< emetic urui. If ibis Jid not more the belly,
ttttt day ■ dofe of neatr *i purjjin^ fait I vu prescribed.
• Bat, mi dangerous fevers, which rigr rpijrmicilly. no lira* it
cofac I0A1 Ueieforrthu method of evacuation 1. too tediooa. la
cads I bive alwiY) trutieJ to emetic tartar, gn-cn to the
quantity of a uuatter (H iialf a grain every hour, till it M&cd by ro-
am suad Itool. which I.:it Intention II fcnilcKiI mure certain by the
acViuic* nt manna, decoftum tamarindoraoi, or a fmall portion of
fd catr>ar?»<us. Any ot thei'e medicine* ought to be £u*t\ immc-
ekaacly after the rigou, ai they not only mitigate the fever Uh pa-
roiyfa. but bring u to a quicker fotution. But it ii picper 10 o b-
atevv, chat evacuation* of this kind arc not to be long con tinned;
tor it will be if> vain to expert by thi: means to preveut a gracra-
tm. of bile ; for to Jong as the feventh mdiTpofnion continue*, al-
taogk an croc tic and cathartic were repeated every day, more fordca
*4K ttUl be generated ; but ai loon as the fever, wliiUs i» Use cauie,
k Ttaaoved. the rflfcv't of confluence will ccafc.
* A< toon as the mteiUnal tube has been thoroughly eleanfed,
tie principal fort of the core confiAi in prefcribing tho Permian
bark io os largo dofn as tbc patient's ftomach will bear, without
raying any regarti CO the febrile rcmitlioiis and exacerbations. If
tta rrmi£oni ire ditliner, the bark will have a more fpcedy eifeci ;
but even although the difcafc is continued, bv its ufc, ituai ellec-
tually prevented from growing dangeroua and malignant. The bark
being Miifct-xic, cordial, and never fupprcfling any critical fecre-
lioss, iawe4l adapted for the cure of lev en iu hot climatci. When
as* ttosmack U streak, it ought. to he given in decor t inn ; but, as foots
aaiaVt patient can digeil it, immediate reoourfe is to be had CO the
ponder, either in the Calinc draught, port, or in any other form mat
agrcnsAle.
* If, after evacuations, the ftomach remain* weak and fqorai
■ hick is often the cafe in bad fevers, I have often found the greai
advantage from prefcribing a full dofe of (olid opium. It seldom
fi*t* to icraovc these {yrnpeoms, and then the bark will ut eafy
atacott every AotiiftCh. Oft the contiary, if the difeafc i» Allowed to
go em, the disorder at the ltomach will enticafc, and other fymp>
mac lopaever.r, ftfcich will render the ertVcl of every medicine very
* I h» tfioA cei lata effects of the bark ire a gentle equable fwcat
and a loose £orI. H i; ck»ca not produce this cfTccl, and especially
if the fymjin^ni* iaclicaM IkIious redundaocica in the prim* viz-,
ought to br joined with it ; but if it runs otT hr Itonl. il
ibhr niyfla/y to check the evacuation by a lew drop* of
laudaauio in each dot*.'
i*
■
TV
-J j6 .dark on the Diftafes in kttg Vejagtt U hot Countries.
TJm following extraS contains feme juft obferraciont witk
Aktxmonialk
* I hare given antimonials in various preparation, bit prefer
emetic tartar to all others; At firft, carefully avoiding every adsti*
turn which might decompose the acid, it was exhibited diaWped ia
fire water. Ail found a powder more convenient for common nje,
it was rubbed with five parts of fugar, to make it more divifible.
This preparation, though ever fo carefully corked, after keeping,
tamed moift and crafted; the fagar was therefore changed for the
fame quantity of' magnefia i nor, by this means, did i oMcree the
emetic tartar in the leaft robbed of any of its virtues, which one
might cxped from the addition of the abforbent. However, if, af-
ter exhibiting a few dofes of this medicine, its operation doe* not
proceed to oar wilhes, drinking acidulated liquors will not oa4y
render this preparation, bnt afiaolt every other antimonid, sjmio
eftive.
4 Sometimes I have given Dr. James's powder ; but, from what I
hare feen, muft observe, that it is a much more uncertain antinto*
nial than emetic tartar, frequently lying inert in the ftomach <e*e*
bowels for feveral hours, and afterwards operating with great vio*
lence. Even when. it fucceeds to our withes, its erred* axe exa&Jjr
similar to thofe of emetic tartar, which laft ought certainly to be
preferred to a remedy, the preparation of which we are perfefthv
xgnorant of; and, indeed, the only advantage which this ramai
powder has above the other, is its being kept a fecret, and fold -at
the enormous price of half a crown the dole. It is, however, ftiM
feat out, with directions, to hot climates. When in proper hands,
I {hall not prefumc to fay that it is an ufelefs medicine ; bait whoa
given indifcriminately, and continued for any length of time, X at*
certain that this fever-powder too often proves fatal. The ItM COO'
tinned use of it can only be proper in inflammatory revert o? eaU
climate* ; but the profufe evacuations, particularly the profuse fweats
which it occafions, renders it highly injurious in the putrid fevers etf
lot climates.
* Emetic tartar, when given in fmall dofes, is fuppofed to be pofc
iefied of highly febrifuge virtues. This, in fome mcafore, appears
to be literally true, as we often fee a remiflion enfue after its eft,
which, I imagine, happens in the following manner. During its
operation, it occafions a ftrong artificial paroxyfm, which at la* is
carried off by a profufe fweat, although the original difeafe may fHH
continue, and in a few hours be as much cxafperated as ever. Its
febrifuge virtues, in hot climates, feem principally, if not altogether,
to depend upon its evacuating powers, and its cauiing a deiivomao
to the fltin, which fometiroes removes a fever juft in the fame way* s>
the timely exhibition of a puke and fweat. But when once the fever
is continued, i have often given emetic tartar, without obfervingit
MeMnd of any virtues either to remove it, or bring it to snore je*
SUr lesnimona. , When the difeafe has arrived to any degree of mar
ait/, fuch a ftiaulating relaxant is very hurtful/
The
Clark w :h Difiafo /« /*•/ F*J9f" '' !": Qwteft^ 177
The ufc of
1 not m-
c. I he 1 :•!< jucnt cpcxitxin cwiUir
rounc at this practice in the La'l-fn:
' to coW<Uware>, the cure, I o:hcf infiun*ition», «V-
tttk
• fin- bod foetnjj too -ftfgf,
Ml ! rofing fecrt factl, the nm;t experienc
I'joMrt i« ifi-.t put of ca« world pr< -\ a Cpecific.
Tfcry applf i: .in
ioa. When it piodn.0 tl> 1
v befcre the miiur is formed, ?.euenl!y bfl four} J tlia
noil crrtara and expoJitbui cart, fcu« tfcere it mxioulx th^t trrf
i«ce<t» cf ic«.- J- . inaWeaje-
*Mfi that it ca»
r iJJ (.it/bab , iIjc
.'petition of gCtvV ph)/.f . and tin ! a hlifltf.
1 ! have ooly biJ 1 I iey or" feet** '.. ar&rn orl
J»ul, » fitx poltfils '• vu remarkable for a ticftlUg '
. . ' ■
Ch tte fixth i*y. ha couetauncc grew very yellow . he had tie*
tpeas 6cicntU at domack. wita 1 teaching :o van it. and zii'-
-t clavich :.rr w^ pi
Uf vxr b!oodc4. had a bLlkr apfl-
Ear. On ll ■ ■*>'. lii> foci ablA MUafiffc.
1
utrd. Ai lite. «*iwi
Otmr wti jMdfiLv*! <■■- lioan. Me t.
tr_ad< In) b itoally, ir.tl tfxtn feeOTcrod.
0 otlKf c*fc» *iich occurred reftUiag the cosnion ireatas««r#
Hid ihajlHlinii'i bcioj ablcio be*i OKxuuy. oc u'ic fuurtli or f.i;a
, twt> guim of calomel, nude lato i bolu
coaler** of roles, acre preJcribrd twke a day, iomc:itae. wi
cpuic ia tte aight <lo£c, to pi wig o/l by itooj. Aj
■ uc mout'6 became atTc&ed roc ai
iUao«£« a faliraiion ■ .. to *U of
During iVu
1 ! die 1
Mj ncccfurr to take a ft* ounces oi fclood, or to
•
m
»tO the JifJtc Of la* !»•£? il t>ic confluence oC ob^BBal
revajrt a*4 £ at ft. it is M :th the putrid, and not with the
-uaim- mi; nwr, . every other
a-«a '- k<ue4 very iuekr:t;ial.'
With rcipciito the icurvj, out triej tlw mait.im/m-
fxmj fa ftron^ly Ttoom an ended by the iugcatoJi Dr. Mac
11 h< «i -Hcrtat cat'o, without fjeceft.
But 1 -ir Rcadcn to
wik hfelf, which conuin* Kiuri) uCrfJ bhlcrVAtioiui.
Rit. fepe- i77j<
N
r\Vt*.
[ '78 ]
AitT. IV. ArchaEOIO^ia ; or, Mifcellaaeous TraBt relating t§ Am
tiquity, Pnbliflied by the Society of Antiquaries of London, qtoj
Vol. If. 1 6 s. Boards. Whifton, &c. 1773.
WHILE the human mind is fo generally delighted with
novelty, great numbers of fpcculative men find equal
pleafure in the inveftigation of ancient objects, manners, and
cuftoms. Enquiries and difcoveries of this kind, are not merely
to be confidered as fources of amufement and curiofity ; they
often prove really inftructive and ufeful; while, at the fame
time, things that have been, for ages, concealed from notice,
are re-produced, under the double recommendation of being in
themfelves ancient, and yet new to us.
Whatever ridicule, therefore, has been fometimes, with juftice,
caft on the antiquarian, he is ncverthelcfs engaged in a laudabte
purfuit, and merits applaufe, while learning an J judgment:
direct his refearches, and he is not milled by idle prejudices, chi-
meras, or a fond prepofleffion in favour of his own abilities;
and is not prepofterouGy throwing away his time and attention-
on fubjecls which have no title to regard but what axifes front
the zeal, the fancy, or the ignorance of an infatuated vir-
tuofo.
It muft be acknowledged that whatever be the erudition or
diligence of the antiquary, he may, fometimes, almoft unavoid-
ably, be led into errors ; but, in general, if he pontiles folul
learning and judgment, it may be expected that his labours-
will- at once contribute to entertain and to improve us: 06
which we have feveral in fiances in the prefent as well as the for-
mer * volume of thefe mifcellaneous compofitions.
This fecond volume conn ft s of forty- two article?, which pre*
fent the reader with a variety of curious remarks on different
fubjecls ; feveral of them, indeed, not entirely new, but more
carefully and fully illufrrated than heretofore. Confined, as
we are, in our limits, it is difficult to felecl the proper fpeci-
tnens for the fatisfadion of fuch of our Readers as may wifh to*
know fomcthing of the nature and merits of this publication.
Some of the papers aie too long to admit of our taking parti-;
cular notice of their contents, though the fubjecls may deferve
it : but the few following abitracls will perhaps be fufficient*
The firft article contains obfervations on the Julia Strata,
and on the Reman flations, forts, and camps, in the counties
of Monmouth , Brecknock, Caermarthen, and Glamorgan; by
the Rev. William Harris, Prebendary of Llandaff, and Curate
of Caireu. The fecond confifts of obfervations on an inferip-
tion at Spello. By F. Pajfarini, and Ro&er Gale% Efq. In d|£
* For an account of the fail volume, and of the Society itfelf, see
Rev, vol. xliii. p- 357.
tfcir*
t*l/d fume am ■
Dr. Pococjte, la: ,->i Mzxui, The
kwr 1 - 11 an ancicsti C imc'ian, in the poflci-
I hy the -- :th
of a rcmarfc-ible mununKnt ni fW/:^ church yard j
,11. In* Tour
nJ» bat taken paiticuhi notice of (Ms ruon iment,
I 11$ with two views ol i: ; - W 1: niil-tr to thaC
•vhkh we find in trr: volume, the other, which Lid bc<n taken
C** time before, diffrrcm from ihs rhc
I he fi*th article i i.:-. anaexoyrrt .r.ti^ui-
titt difcorcred 011 digging inio a lai^e Roman balTOW .it EUtm*
ArMx^in Cumberland j by the Rev, Mr. Hiwd, Prebendary of
. difcovcry however was not veiy orc,lt ■ w'' u
Art .' to a coniYtrubk* depth, they met with three or
fact ftrara of clod*, under which were lound the pole and
tnek bone* of an ox, but neither urns, burnt bones, nor coin* %
ol>fcivcd there wai an appearance of wood nOics.
If is a mort hi; itctail of feme Roman
■KniUDents found in Cumberland, 1766.
ith article Is id d by Dr. John Peltirvzal, en
ttoGub *fsf»s*/i* as in- inourflifc i$fcdw.J.
^30.31. E*!w. III. cap, 15, .S::.-!imii lid *ife quote* die*
rxprefioa from the icntl or tl:-. lanoc of W D fJuU tf
Aiptt Sonifies ihc nr* d*y of A»r;uft, oci wh of
St. Peter *</ wmufj wx$ o'yefved b/ ihe R arc^ : and,
in honour of their patron faint, it w h: : in England
ay of payment *.( chat > penny
on «ch houic, called/' "I~hui fur there h
v; the nixt ftcp is Ut enquire bow it en c to be called
G'i/.- or Dr. Pettinjal < :ha« though
the wgrd Itandt in our law^, an
',• moft of our gloflary and 1 :■:;*» it
.: left uncA,?!ji[ied, \>. wbn h i rafon he caTcra a conjeflu e
*po" 1 we aporeiend is bi.th in^cniour »n<I
The account which DuranJi
n, will appear v. it. A
in her tbrtait is faid to h
J :cd, ! r, the nx.li B.fliop of J 1 kif*
r.i with which St. IVur had been bound by Ncru ;
•hereupon we are told ihc wjs h ncd. In memory
, rl-
moui ol Sc. P ...
or thrhst of th- r '13 was heaied. * A
■ rumftancr this, remarks i.V. iV.imjal, th; ajxl
Ctfc, i throat, bore fuch ncc \a fcuod to each cvWt.'
iV 2 DilciT&att,
180 Anhaologia; or, Afifctllantous Traits relating to Antiquity,
Di (carding this legend, the Do&or finds a refource ii> the
indent language which was ufed by the inhabitants of Britain
in common with Gaul, Germany, Spain, lily ricum, and moft
other nations of Europe, before they were over-run by thVRo-
rr.ans. From this ancient language, whether it be called Bri-
tifti, Saxon, or Celtic, which were nearly the fame, as dialeds
only one of the other, he thinks we may fetch our Guh 0/
Auguft.
It appears, fays he, by the BritiQi or Welch tongue in life
at this day, that a holy-day is called by the Welch /fy, or,
to (trengthen the found, Gwyl; thus in the rubric of the Welch
liturgy, every faint's day is the Wyl or Gwyl of fuch a faint j
and, in common converfation, the day of St. John, is called
Gwyl Jetton, and of St* Andrew, Gwyl Andrea s, and the firft of
Auguft, Gwyl Awfl. Where then can we look fo properly for
our Guie cf Auguft as from the Celtic or Bt\ti(h,dydd Gwyl Avt/ft
which fignifics among them the firft of Auguft: from hence
perhaps we may find the reafon, why the great fair or feftivil
at Preflon, in Lancashire, which is held at Michaelmas, for a
week or longer, was called the Guie, or, as fome corruptly
pronounce it, the Gild of Prefton ; which probably may be no
more than the Guie or fefttval of St. AJkhael, when a great fair
and feflivity is kept there.
We will not detain our Readers by a particular examination
of the affinity of the words above- mentioned, though it is per*
haps probable that Gild has a very different meaning and deri-
vation from Guie ex Gwyl ; but we proceed with this Gentle-
man, to confidcr the reafon why Wyl or Gwyl was ufed to fig-
nify a feftival or holy-day. ■ It was fo called, he remarks,
from a word of the fame found in the Celtic, or BritiQi, lan-
guage, that implied watching ; for it was a cuftom, from the
earlieft antiquity, to begin their feftivals on the evening of the
preceding day, and continue them all night, to the evening of
the next, with mufic and finging. — In imitation of this Jewifb
and Heathenilh cuftom, the Chnftinns kept their vigils or tVit.
before holy-days, with mufic and all kinds of feftivity ; this the
Britons called nos wyl, or wylnos, the evening of the ftajl. — And
they called this nightly celebration of a feitival, gwilian.ex
watching, fo that watching and celebrating the feflival, fignified
the fame thing. Thus Matt. xxiv. 41. Watch and pray , in the
Britifti translation, is rendered gwiliwch a gweddiweh ; from th»
gwiliau or watching, they called the feftival wyl or gwyl: for
the fame reafon a ftftival, among the Saxons, was called a wake,
from watching at the nightly celebration of it ; and what we at
prefent call the Waits, or the mufic on the nights of the Chrift-
mas holidays, is only a corruption of the wakes or ntfturml
SeAirities.'
6 la
4r&4esk{U\ »r, MifctHantm Trailt rdotin^ t* Jmifxity. 1S1
In the I ncr tbc Do&or derives r/tvft, from the
'. 6, formed but of the word wY/tr,
evident rcl to the old Critic wi>fd» uj/ and
, to watch it the ji i;h:!) ccicbra: I. IIci.lc,
t wr Ittvc a reafon why in Scotland [a* in
foriepm* of England] they cill the fcftival of CnfiAfeat, tbc
YaUt i.e. the //;. ; and ;n the fame phrafr, the Chriitmat ho-
tjdm are called in Wales u>//t>« or g>*yUau hadohg, the fcait
ef Cli I ...01 rwita* n the plural cf xuyl ur jut/.
To which may be aided, the Urthcr remark th.-.t in the oJd
Englifbor Brhifh Iit:$ua£c, the 2', JP\ and G% were ufed ii>
for each other ; as inflance before ut of
i.-.J G'u>.'; all three being hut one and the fame
n thing, chough differently written.
To: i. !i i ftitioiw wh ch Follow that on i be G'u.V «/" Aviufl
treat on the //r,\W; one being cornpofed by Mr. Pcgge, trie other
fcy the Rev. Dr. Mills. They relate to the prefent lent by King
focuc cathedra! chuichc*. Mr. rcg&c vci) pre
idrerti on the'mitVjlteiof Liile and Hcarne, whu repce&At.
the Kind's prrfcnt to have caniirtcd of his iranflatcon of the
i and of the Paftoral of St. Gregory ; together * u h certain
««*<*,. rka of gold. It appears that Alfred Cent hisSaatonj
vcrftcn of St. Gregory'* F-- ttora.1 to forne of hi* chin
thai he prcicntcd ihcrn with h;» translation of the
Bible, or with certain mancufes or m^rki of gnU, ur indeed any
, m fpecic. Lfle. therefore, it ii obferved, li mill alien, and
Ilea: nc Co blame in following him. cfpccully, fayi Mr. Pcgge,
* when Sir Jchn Spe'man hid fo plainly Cold him, from A
If, that he Grnt not coined money with the copies oi fail
the catheilral chnti
bible that thcfc^A" could be worth 50 oiafl
amounting, if the iruncutTa 1 r it -il n 7 1. 6 H. to
Cor writing, af tht v.tiue $f 50 mamtvjfjtj StjUs% in Latin, haj
r<ren fuppofru to anfwer to :hc S I ////f//, the pinlctl-
I of the two letters. Mr Pegge ;tknowledi-c* that
1 of uncertain Ggnitl in toiuppofe,
<*ith others that it properly denote * iht Jfyiat; thoueh It u
:
. 5 /. of our prefect money. However, he obfcrvri that
were royal ptcfrnit, to cathedrals, and thin thou-
ncntt tbcmicl.es cannot be thought to lift to any fucll
vet cue handle* cf them night be enriched, 111 the ma-
;!hip, to altnolr any fum. Tl
ut the famous jewel (engraved ioDr. Is
Taefc . : il Transaction: \ the
1C< of Athclr-cy, where Alfred was for a time concealed, might
cen the handle cf a fiy he of
re workmanlhip, frr Superior to what mijht be **?c€V:A
N
1 8 2 Archatshgia \ crs RTifceUanuus Troth relating to Jntlquttp
from the rude {late of the arts in thofe times, and bearing an
infeription which teflifies that* it was made* by the order of
Alfred.
Dr. Mills, in the other letter, allows that Mr. Pegge'a re-
marks on the miftakes of Lifle and Hearne arc well founded ;
and, in fupport of the attertion, he products the paffage as it is
rendered bv Spelman .in the Life of Alfred : tl Ad uncmqmamqut
tpifcopi fedem in regno unum (jc. librum) miji, fuperq'Jt finguloi
libros Avium qui eft quinquaginta mancujfa" Hut it is added that
Hearne foon corrected his miftake, in a fmall differtation, written
exprefsly on the word Aefttly and prefixed to the feventh volume
of LcUnd's Itinerary ; which dillertation had probably efcaped
Mr. Pcgge's notice. Hearne has there fuppoied that the word
did not fjgnify a ftylus9 which was ufually an implement of fmall
value, made either of iron or bone, or fome fuch cheap mate-
rials : and far. her he remarks, that in Alfred's time vellum had
taken place of waxen tablets, and confequently pens fucceeded
to flylcs : he imagines that the word figuifies an bandit* which
interpretation he juftiftes from Chaucer, who in the letter of
Cupide, calls a handle ajlehy
And when that man the pan bath >y the flelt.
Agreeably to which, the word is itill ufed in various parts of
England, in the fame fignification. He quotes a paflage from
Malmjhtiryy who fays, that the book was lent cum pugillari anr*t
in quo erat manca auri. ' The mama auri, he oblerves, rouft
certainly be a miftake, becaufe no ornament of gold which was
worthy of fuch notice, could be fo fmall as to weigh only three
penny-weights. The word pugillari, therefore, may probably bo
here underlined to imply whatever is holdcn by or fills the hand,
qucd pugilium five pugnum itnplere potefty according to Stephens;
and this will lead us to the true explanation of the word, agree-
ably to Mr. Hcarne's idea of it, who fuppo!cs it to have been
the umbilitut of the volume on which this hook was written, or
rather the two bandies or knobs at the cxrremitics, like thofe
affixed to our modern maps, by the means of which the volume
was to be rolled up or opened ; and on which each copy of the
lock, was fent to the rclpcclivc cathedrals. In this fenle of the
word, the Aejiel was a very proper, and indeed a neceflary ap-
pendage of the book.' Mr. Hearne has fuppofed th.it thia
handle might be magnificently chafed and carved ; but the
Doclor thinks there is no ncecflity for fuch a fuppofition.
The mancujpcy he fuppofes, arc introduced here only as deno-
minating the weight of the At ft t I, * The value, fays he, of
fix pounds three ounces in filvcr, or the weight of feven ounces
and an half of gold, might ealily he worked up in forming the
umbilicus, or rather the two handles at the extremities of it*
without the additional expence of fculpture and ornament ; nor
e Madia r*c of filler gill nfe the word mm/iaffi
»±s y.cci.iu.' ! . applied either toxoid coin, or Co ihc wci^'u of
in bullion.'
KCtclfl in :b.i rolunc laji before u& obf<
Peter Collinfnn's paper on I be round towers in
Ireland, printed in (he ftfi' | p. 305. By Owen >i!uf-
Yujj Biocron, Lfij; F. R. S. The round u> ■ cr it bVi n
St***?-* a p-i considered in tht n^xe number. By R.
Gjcr.ii, Lkj. The llii tccnth is * On on the bull*
running, uTuibiry, in !kaltord0iire; by the Rer. Mr. Pegge:
• cootavcr:? Dr. Pjott'i opinion that this custom was orrgi*
salty b*ci 11. Ki r ihw the Doflor affigns k d
paababJc rcatfbfts, v.hch Mr. Pcgge endeavours to overthrow,
b; making it appear tin; iIim bull running is nothing more than
xn^itjfvrt, or common diversion at tirrc* of lef iiviiy, * though
t an higher kind ihjn tbofc diTeiuaas commonly arc,
bet;. > made Ihc matter of a tenure/
Qbk on an 4lt.11 with a Greek inferipciotn. at Cor -
brJge, in Northumberland, form the fourteenth and f.fternth
. iji which is compol'cd by D ;l% the
ahq Adre. Dr. Pertinga!'s d H ii lr.vncd
ui ingenious. He begins with obi. it though the in-
fcnption it written in Grecic character*. f1 I»c no doirbe
U«u being Ro<uii, at (hi* manner ot writing infcnptioni was
an atToclatton ficujweiuly to be met with in the Lower Empire,
or liter the time l: Con ft an tine. He particularly coftfideft and
ti.e wurds which compute ihc i ;id
concludes tha-, !'., Handing for Buua* pmai -,
fignifv both a monumental altar and fcpulclur, .tncl alio an or*
Uvrafi^ <-t bourn iry between laod* of dftftrc . to
which p^rpofc, as it appear* from patTages here quoted, (cpul-
cdrjj monuments were sometimes drilir.cd, pir t i< ularly as to
conquered lands 01 -v allotments; intimating, 4 that all
the uoda inwards from that fcpulchre Jul belong to the troc
or band, o( which the decealed (whefc it UslCWaa)
W been a part. A?, for inildr.ee, adds Dr. P , in re-
gard to the prefent cafe, all the lares inwan5s from ihit mo-
nument, to another that bounded it on another f.dc, did '.
lwig tothe AjU: The frft word of the int ;)
Ihc Do&orcndcflvou" to prove relates to the collective ^cc'y oF
the Ala Prima, or Ala Secumla ■-' r:g
<i the Ajh% ol which we ai rii Occi-
l p- Sp, de duce Briunuiurum, thai I v u fta-
boned at C4nJxr*$9 the laft at Cifurtu l Coi>-
IC, is called by Cimdcn inol
..'ufitb Of Ibhijhry &oth which 1 e near til* waP,
, i^'^hboyrhoodof Chcftcr-Jc-Succt,WQk'. ~e^
N4 %\
1 84 The Hijhry of the Univerfity ofOxfird.
21 and 22 miles diftant from Corbridge, where this infeription
was found. Thefe Aft i, it is added, that formed the Ala Prim*
at Condurco, or Chcfter- le-Street, wc are told in the Nttith^
came from 4fia9 Colonia Ligurum, now Afti in Piedmont.
From this account of the Afti, whofe ftation was near to the
place where this ancient monument was difcovcred, we may
fairly conclude, that the fir ft word in the infeription related to
one of the firft or fecond Ala, or the firft cohort of the Afti
(for the Tribunus Primae Cohortis Aftorum was quartered at
Acfica, as appears from the Notitia) and that the portion of
lands which, in the Agrarian divifion, fell to the Afti, lay
hereabouts.'
By thefe and many other obfervations, which are collected
with much labour and learning, the Doclor endeavours to prove1
that this was a fepulchre and a boundary ; and his account has
a great degree of probability. But now comes Dr. Adee (who
does not appear to have feen the foregoing remarks at the time
when he wrote this letter to Dr. Mills) and in a very few words
leads our thoughts quite into another train: he fuppofes itavo-
tive infeription ; and, after having placed the Greek: words ill
that form which he apprehends neceflhry to make grammar or
fenfe of them, he obferves, ' Here the three moft neceflary
companions in a votive infeription arc exprafsly declared : the
goddefs to whom it was dedicated, Araj-rr, the thing dedicated,
Bufuov fjLttrofiaov ; and the donor, T. Io-^t'or rtp/ASvixoc.'
Wc mult leave the learned reader, who can confult the whole
df this infeription, to determine, if he is able, the point in
queftion ; and (hall, at prefent, take our leave of this volume,
referving a farther account of it for our next Review.
Art. V. The Hiftory of the Uniwrjtty of Oxford, from tit Death of
William the Conquer cr to the Demrfe of^ueen Elizabeth. 4to. iSs.
Riviogion. 1773.
IN our Catalogue for January laft, we gave a (hort account of
a former part of this Hiitory of Oxford ; which, for fome
reafon, beft known to the Author, was comprifed within the
limits of a fmall odfcavo pamphlet ; a circumftance which may
difpleafc fuch of his readers and purchafets, as might have ra^
ther chofen to have had both parts of the work in an uniform
iize and volume. '
The former publication commenced with the original foun-
dation of the Univerfity, and carried on the hiftory to the death
of William the Conqueror. The Author now finds more
ample materials for the profecution of his work ; although fomo
of the periods are £1 ill barren of events.
Great part of this performance will appear, to many readers,
to be very dry and infipid; while to others, who love to en-
* t* Ffyltry sftht Vnhrrjfty tf Oxford.
185
qutre into antiquity, *nd rhc nrogrrfF of fcicnce> but efpccially
to thou: who have a predilection for our own celebrated tV
of learning, the prefent comp'lition mny afford cr.nfderabfe
arrvufemen:. I he lo'urrt confifts of collections (rdm different
authors who have treated of the ftate of learning In this an-
cient femmary ; the privileges and immunities conferred upon
:he tarbaleticc and anuiiofitics of tlie fdiolars, which hate
often anlcn to a -?<-Jt hei»lit \ trie oppolitton and jcaloufiei bc-
tarcen them and the citizens of O.cfunU in which each paiiy
were generally blimeabte, though the collegians commonly
gained the advar.Upc on the whole ; the vifiution* of kings and
friinret ; with numeroirs other paracnl art.
Voder the reign of King John, A. D. 1204, we have an ac-
count of a new wav of preaching which at that time rlrft
fcewed ttfrif openly in this Univerfity. Thin win to name a
thefts or tcxr from the Scripture, anil make rfivtfioDJ upon
which method »$ Mi to have been adopted by Stephen L&rgtoi ,
Aithuifhcy of Canterbury ; who therefore divided the fcrijuurcs
chapters. * The people, obfeives our Author, at their
rtligioua aflcmblics much approved of this way, in preference
to the raw difcourfei of young and ignorant preachers. Yet
other*, rejecting new cultoms and mnovttioru, chofe to follow
their old way; wh;ch wit that of the Satan Auftin, Jerorn,
^rd, otc. i and Robert Groped, D. D. (whofc word waa a
Urn with the Uimerfny) was among the oppofert. This was
PiJtil'mJc, i. c. by expounding the words of the frripturc as
they flood in order, bj inferences drawn from them ; they
look t, but began in this manner : ,k I intend, by the
trace of God, in my following difcourfc, to treat Of Certain
matters \ and in thefe matter* I intend bo draw certain and true
jos* foe 1 intend new to fpcalc of the fear of GoJ.
Finff concerning fear, &c." And 10 far down as the fifteenth
century this kind of preaching continued ; fur io Vofcaniui,
Doctor and Chancellor of the Uniircrfny, relate! of hlrnielf,
" Anno 1450, in the odavca of St. John the Kvanceliit, on
Lord's day, I ftxwed in my fermon. preached at Oxford,
- rtiii's church at Carfax, that Dr. Aapulr.n picached
foar hundred ferm he clergy and people without any
then*, and without raking a text at the beginning 0/ his cil-
c — And Co I, fays he* preached the day anJyear above-
mentioned in Oxford, by taking no theme or text, hut I ad*
flcred to the people profitable matters — without repeating
of any text, but only word* pertinent to matter* prapofed or
f>cUreoV
In the account of the A ate of our Univerfity during the
ol Henry ill. we are informed of the punitV-tcnt inflicted
03 the Jew» by the Kirg's orcfc, for the tolly ani auAusAvy c*
one
ifding
lt5 Tbi Hijttry a/lbs UnhwJUj */ Ch/tfJ.
evtie c4 their Imdy who mrt with the grand procetTion of fene**
hn, the clergy and common ality, on Al'ccnf '. i^Wf.
H i.i.vtI me crnfs, which wn niuaJ] ^o-nthefe
occaRons, dilhcd il on the ground, and ttamped it voder hi*
fecc. It was fpcxdily ordered thai ihc Jew* tfhoj.d be irnpri-
for«J, and their goods detained till they had c/ttlcd a
crofi. inijKcffcd on one fide with the image of the Vj
S;nd her infant Chrift ; and alfo pie fenced to the Umvcr-
itv a fdver crots, gl'» a* weighty as could be carried, together
i faff", fueh as are carried before an archbifhop or piimatc.
Accordingly the croft wa* created on a fpot near the chuich of
St. John the Rjr/.tirt, wiih an infrnptinn placed oo it according
CO the humour and taitc ci thafe times ;
J&jfl's num e$ttf w ***** r* Jn&ti : qut*nt& f fumttu.
.jkjfu? rr/ffrf.tr. fVf frtcvrantt ? m*gi/i
Cvr f tttxst prtfraP.a fignt. i£w fflajajra t ftfit
AJa U jfyft trot Ixkt ? bit khijijft.
Thi* marble crofi it I'mJ to have continued to the reign of
Henry VI. the other of llSvcr was depofited among the Unirer-
fity'fc ucafures.
The noble oppofuion which was made by Wi^Lliff to the
prevailing rvlipiou* errors and impofitioitt of .: v. Inch
he lived, rmmihci feme c<itiftilci*l»lc materials (or thus hill*
* He has the honour, as iMi Writer cblcrvei, to fotv itfiid
#/* &:«,— -from hu life commenced the dawn of the li^ht of t
more uffful and true learning, which has continued to fin
mote and more to the perfect day of thefe time*— <>( that
ligious liberty v/'mh WC n —and of that genuine
pure religion which i.< now in ufc, mflcad of ridiculous fuper-
icea, pilgr imap.es, and other grofs abfjrdili
Tftujs work it divided by the i cutis of our monarch?, an
cnmmooljr, m the end oi each rci.ru we have a lilt of t
learned n:en who lived during that period; on which oceafi
as well as on others* our Author finda rcafon to rcpcchc;
Wood lor fevctal obfervatiom in his hiftory which appear to
be unfjir and unjuit. One inffanc: is hi* rcprelcntat
the Oxonians in the reign of Edward IV.
condition, fo that fomc fchoiar* were * obliged to be--
door to dour ,* and alfo his account of Sir T. More, wuom he
has rc U ["lined Uktwtli to a Itatc of Denary, «»J
faring, that * he and bfrt lofll would gu
"I ri is. Writer i biervw, that nr thcr the author of
Sir T. M ore's life, which Wood qu^te:, nor the Bri:ilh ttl>
graph lir> written hy his «i.v/«*, mentinn this. From
* Thij u a nufcake. Theje is no lif: of SirTkomas Moce by ail
civd/'* ; byt rhcrr is one wi iuen by his $rt4t $rar.
I
»cr-
s
Tbi Hijlgry *f ikt U/rivtrfitJ ef 0*fcrJr i$y
the formrr, puhlifltrd in London, A. I). 1652, tec hive the
fviluwing Ihoft relation, which po&bly fome ut our Kc;
maj not have been a<<( uiuu J with, and therefore we infert
hen $«r |\ MorcrefignrJ bis high office a» I#crd Chan-
cellor of England, or acci unt ol King tfenry V I Ilih*. 1
have had little more than 1 tl, a year remain
foe hn : One day talking w.th bit KWI how they
ft* *e to Ita fi* incy had done, ** We v
not, fap he, defcend to Oxford fare, nor 10 the fare of tbo
New* Inur, hut we will begin with Lincoinc'a Ir.nc diet, where
many rifcht woettiipful and of £Ock! B live full well |
whtch if we fi id not ourfcUea Mc the fiifl yeai to maintain,
n will wc the next year goe one ilep down to Ncwc luoc
fa.-c, wlicrcwith many an honcfl nun 15 \%cll coil If
red oor ability too, then will wc tlic next year ofcer
<nd toOxfuni fare, where many grave, learned, and ancient
bcrt are continual!) conversant j which U ( ui purua itrocli
rw to maintain ntitber, then may we y.t, with bags and wai-
, «uc a b.'^ging together, and hoping ilui f(t pity I if??
*ood people will bellow on us their charity, at every ir.an'a
':/«, and fo Aill keep company and be merry
toother."
i-:cd, but a (lender authority for the opprobrium
upon the Oxford fcholarj by Wood; and if that Writer
*o b-citer 11 for what he h« fesd
he deferred the fevered rrproof for fo grofs a mifreprcfcntail
n- p»rt of his work our .V
lengci, in ri." waj n, which were (bmi yen,
fcy o<ir t. 1 and bcrt he adds — ' So far down a. i tenry
rind's ti old of Roger B lat un fome, Cam-
bridge r.: linj a journey to Oxford, to try their (kill
•.ill th»: Oxonian*, \\t put himfi !i in tl ter',
and w*s thatching a houfe in St- Cb reiving
t*6 <har; ,vjy, at
though to do*
dirtdcd rf hm:, ..' it Bacon readily
rfng ftrucv. , the
took upon him to question him ; ; r tu ? to wlioni
Bacon anfwcicd, jf&Jfoj ma fells nb trtu) which fo fur]
therp that they flunk -at daiing to engage
n of the Iovrcii or one-
-<iej.'
The reign of Qnccn E i nHncatbii volt)
r with m : .;,. m -1 fc 1
only ukc (hr account which i» given of
the low .! cry
few i<rfom m Ui of delivering (cclnoTAlb
1 88 The Ktfiory of the Vniverftty *f Oxford.
the people, ■ and the pulpit,* we are told, « wat fuppjjied, *^jr
any futile preacher, and fo continued for fome years j at we
find preaching ran very low when R. Taverner, of Wood-Eaton,
Efq; fberiffof Oxon, came out of charity, to give the people
a fermon. Mounting the pulpit (a fword by hit fide, and a
gold chain about his neck) he falutcd the academics with this
beginning : " Arriving at tht mount of St. Marie's in the Jleny
Jt*agey where lmwJ3and9 I have brought you fame fine oijkets baked
in the oven of cboritiey carefully confer ved for the chickens of the
churchy the Jparroives of the fpirit, and the fwcet fualbws ef
falvation, &c."
In a work of this nature we might have expected fuller ao
counts than thofe which we here meet with, of endowments,
the erection of halls and colleges, with defcriptions of buildings,
libraries, &c. ore. The manner, too, in which the Hiftory is
written is not very captivating. As the performance is a com*
pilation, the Author feems to have given the fentencesand paf-
fages collected, in the words of different writers; which hat
cccafioned a motley mixture of ftyle : and this may perhaps ac-
count for fome expreflions which, at (he tuft glance of attention,
might lead the Reader to think that this Proteltant writer enter-
tained fentiments favourable to Popifh fuperftitions, and to the
abfurdities of aflrology : for iiutance, when, after mentioning
the prevalence of the plague at Oxford, we arc gravely told,
that * Our Oxford aftronomers are laid to have foretold this
diftemper fome years before, by certain conjectures taken from
a total eclipfe of the moon, and from the conjunction of the
three fuperior planets, anno 1345/ Again, in the year 1377,
it is faid, ' At this time was fulfilled the prediction of John
Afcindon, and other Oxford aftronomers, in the great eclipTe
134.5, °f ncw opinions that (houtd fhortly artfe, and various
changes in religion ; efpecially his piophecy of the rife of a n«r
prophet, drawn from the conjunction of Saturn and Mars in Can-
cer.* This was about the time of Wickliff's firft appearance.
When notice is taken of one Brightwcll, who, together with
the Chancellor, lay under a fufpicion of what was denominated
hcrefy, it is faid, that they were examined before the Arch-
bifhop, * when confefling the articles of WicklifT, they were
mofljujlly condemned^ &c. Afterwards, when mention is made
of the election of two Popes, it is fpoken of as * a moil fad 'ft-
dition in the holy church* — Such paflages are, no doubt, wholly
owing to inadvertent copying from other writers; but they
ought to have been more carefully attended to.
. Notwithstanding the defects we haveobferved in this work,;a
tolerable Hiftory of an Univcrfity fo famous as that of Oxford,
will neceflarily contain many things both interefting and cu-
rious to the learned world -,. and it muft be allowed that the com*
Joriiti'i Rtmarii 9!? Ecehjui/lkal Hfarj. 183
merit r>ow before u*, will afford both cntcrtair.mcnt and ia-
jrrtieVioa to the candid Reader.
Am. VI. Jtewmrir mt Ec:irf..»l*>*i Ht/S*jk Veil. IV. and V. HtfO.
da. Whi;
WvehadfiKti frequent o^afiotn of cxprtffing our fen-
nu conrr in:n 5 the late learned Dr. joaio, ami the
preceding volumes of tlth woik have heen fo favourably re-
ceived, that we need fay nothing by way or introduction 10 our ac-
count of the volumes i- i Remark* on
Ecclefuftieal Hiftoryfrorn the year 337 <o 1 517, and arc chicly
compile >rk» of Klcury, Du Pin, Tillcjnonc, Mo-
them, L« Clerk, Bafrnge, 6ec\ ; and a; in travelling through
the gloomy paths or Krckiullical 1J. ;■ ry, vrc now and thai
meet with fiwne very u • fa to
petufirg the Doctor i Remark*, we orteji meet with iprigbtly
• entertain • ; a few of wbkh we flu II
ififcrt for the armiknuiit of our Ke.idcrft:
4 A. here were it Afarandfj HI riant, of
wboci one waa pried 0/ Jtfittr. the oihcr waj pried of sbt Mi*i<>.
loi v. 4.
M*mbj-l cfi :ved bv die Chriiitss,
»^ro th. d all the other idoli . dria, :iii; i; might
be a eaonjmcat of Agyptiari fj]ty and IV,
• Tfce r*ag=nt anJ t taut be-th wade :hcfr.i*-*w. merry with
tJ»t '4-gypu^n god : but it ii cbfervabJe that he bath fi -iter
and Uoo all the clatucal fcodi m*jfr±m and »i#pr»w mi
• Toe Purtugucfc robbed 4 temple *t Ceylon 1 away the
celebrated 9«j£ y riv Aftc* »ai mo! drroarly ad^r/d by
ike MkabiUDU, »Uo ottered ao tmraenfc fum to the Viceroy of t;oa,
10 rtdeewi it. Bui he, »n his zeal ogairll pagan idolatry, caofe ri-
iker to bum it publicly in the market pJacc. Uuber, though he
a Dutch out, cooparca tail aclioa of use Y'terny wick cbecondu
kit own conntrymen in |apan, where they had agreed co perform ao
public ait o/nriipon ; and cooei... had brea ponTeflbt*
*f/£r A/#»«v/i ?#•*£, they H'ouIJ have rmwica di3irr.*nt uteol it.
• Theop) il j*. h»ting obtained leave to dc.tr »y the pajjeto tempfci
in Alexandria, fet about it. and >?aw/er rcVmtvJi. fay» rkurv. u «j$4
tfisir /r.. .ry iVnuId hate C:ii. — ../•;- .'.W.r^r/,
prcCiotM./V pugnis.—
• Evtfgrius hath written a moll unfair account of rhe Nefloriin and
Ku( iredfi crying up Cyril and his allot i at cj ai uints. and
iiiK Nclcirio u* the Vtlcft of bUfulicincr>, ami v. <.>;Ic (fiaa
Jvdai Ifearjot ; and ihen m.ik« the following dijjrefiion concerning
lie variety of theoto^Kal fennmcnts amongH L
*' Let not the Geotvki deride ut, becaufe oar later prelatei vity
tbeir prcdcccfiori. and are always adding ibmethin^ new to our
• For. our atoeni ci tJ»c frj!t ^W, and tforj vclumei of Dr.
Rtaaris. fee Renew, roK Iv, vi. and iat.
Jurtin
\*fi JortinV Remarks on Ecdeftaflual Hiflori*
faith* For we fearching the myftcrious and incomprehensible gocd-
nefa of God cowards men, and endeavouring to honour and extol it
a* much as we pofllbly can, follow, fume this, and ibme that opinion.
Not one of thofc who liave ftarted herefics amonglt Chrittians, and
have fallen into errors, had any defign of favouring impiety, and i«^
fulting the divine M.ijefly ; but in reality, each of thefe perfotti
thought that he cxprcifed hjmfelf better than thofe who had been be- .
fore him. And as to the principal and fundamental paths of faith,
we arc all of one accord, tiff."
* Out of thy own mouth (halt thou be judged ; for if Chriftiar.ft
may err, bona fide9 and with the molt upright intentions, and if this
was generally the cafe of heretics, the conference is very clear, that
Christians ought not to treat one another as dogs, devils, and Jfcarioti*
for mere mi flakes in opinion, nor invent and enlarge unfcriptural and
metaphyseal confeffions of faith, on purpofe to diftrefs and exclude
fuch pcrfons, nor pafs a fentence of anathematifm and damnation,.
«pon them. —
* A. 447. There was an earthquake at Conrtantinople ; at which,
time a boy was taken up into heaven, before all the people, and there
Jteard the angels finging their hymn ; and came down on earth a°ainf
and repeated it to Proclus the Bifhop, and to others, and then died*
This llory is adopted, not only by Baronius, which is no marvel, but
jeven by Valefius, from whom be;ter things might have been expected.
The fame hymn or litany is called The Trijagium ; and it is j
Sar.'lus i cui, Janftus Forth, fanctut lmmortcli*t mi/etere nohit.
* It is intended, as Bifhop Beveregc wifely obferves, for an inve-
ntion of the Trinity, Some faucy Greeks afterwards prefumed to
interpolate the angelic fong, by adding to it, h ruvfu&>U t. i\taf qm
eracifixui es pro nobis. And this caufed terrible combufiione and
quarrels in the church.
' If Greek is the language fpoken in heaven, it is bad news for
our emhufiaflical preachers, who know nothing of that tongue. Baro-
nius,who knew as little of it as they, fliould, inftead of writing eccle-
fiallical hiilory, have applied hiinfclf (o the lludy of Greek. As to
Valefius, he had a good lhare of it, 10 which he could truft.—
* A, 496 Chlodoveus, or Clovis, king of the Franks, was bap*
tized : at which time, fays Hincmar, fuddenly a light brighter than
the fun filled the church, and a voice was heard, faying, peace tt
nvitb you ; it is 1 : be not afraid : abide in my love. Then a molt
fragrant odour perfumed the whole place ; and a dove came, and
brought in her bill a vial full cf chrifru, with which his majefty was
anointed. This wjs, as Baronius excellently obferves, a miracle
worthy of' the apo/hlical limes. The janft* ampulla is (till preferred,
and reverenced by the godly ; and the Abbi* Vertot was not afhamed '
to write a difTcrration in defence of it. Middleton hath made ibme
remarks on this miracle.
* Archbishop Hincmar, fays Fleiuy, fo late as in the year 869, is
the firtt voucher for the truth of the fancla ampulla, the bcly via!.
Hence, I think, and from McuTv's lilcncc when he relates the bap1
tifro cf Clovis, it uuy be concluded that he had not fuch a portion 0/ '
faith
Jortui9* Rimarii *n Eukf&jlual Ify'Iefj*
The
fiidi as Biroc'tai, and ikal he believed nothing of thi» miracle,
fane may tic faid of D^ciei, who wioic the hilloiy of Fi lOCfl.
'i * Vcrtot, waa not left a maAerly
ftrafc -', than a miracle of grace; and : in*
bantifm d:d no* retro in tiaal. becaufr he wii the ftrongclt, but be*
caafc the clergy had dUpofcd tic people to NCflUi him. 44 their law-
treig*.
• [ ; inr.no r to wSnfr fietf tail ru-acle wa* wrought, Wat
a Carifttaa. it fceflH flnagfi for . . lian. He retailed
alt the Jcrvcity aid batbirity that ho barf v,htt hu wat a pa«*n. Rell-
leij, arnbitio-**, and fangutnarr, at ;no4 conqueror* arc, he murdered
•*ad pin so who *cic hu neat
If there be any truth in the tiory, (which I do not believe) I
would fuppofr, witl m, that th > .ictended
at the )»ing*« bapn.-n, had trained up a tunc dove 10 11/ :o the fu.it,
with a phiJ hcoj» to her neck. Why doc i We had hcie a C-ttit'y-
lerjt who coald per Mm greater feat*, and play ai many ingctlous
trie* . die tiuh hrjt, j.»d the <hit*fa<tsit to tho
aHooitUmcii* oi the fpeMaton.—
• A. ^9:. St. Ccluoabanus wai an Irishman, a none, a prophet,
axd a worker of nun:'-- . *ad f«;fcd in France. KcMand
a cavern 1 ~U.^t. Id- fot .iv.- vv u.r bear, -i»4
tooVit for hi;o-Aii nfe, and cajfed a fountain to fpriag ap cloia
* Tr not hat* turned the ; of has oway
boc!< '■ :h be hail .-. ri^ ' which in-
law i* nine points of ten ,. Tfw f!
den might have held thctn bothj and cbc:ra pretty
lis, a monk and aa ibbet, tc.va.-d: . ccr.-
mrr, had retired to Scyl • * tavern which was inhabited uy
a huge lice, I!::*
there feetnvco hare I ...-. —
• A. e$>- Ath id been exeojai
cattd for having cr.terc.". into a!uae.ce wi I'apt
aa lari abfolied hira, Lj-oa core!;:. on, fays he, chat jou fc*id us ihc
principal perl. «.cna wbcm >uu haw . and
ion iopoffd upon c Bifhop by 1
i: b*r/fy conformable, . teat miMnofs of lita
■ H- :ch orChrifttod the churdi cf the
Fope arc two liferent things.—
nghtri-n, was a mon/ier of
ink i '.cd in a com ell, 1 I
cat von, adultery, f.icrilc,;c, murder, inecll, blafphi
ii:Hra. Ac. aad dep-'fcil for thi cd hij
See, and drpofrd the Y
bat ! tof/ohn XH. and war the O'ft
MvRj
erodoced the cufi ; a new r>2me.
\9 bji behaviour j f jr tciug ooc ai^ht in bed > itfa
Hi; end
jqz Jortin'j Remarks on Ecdefiaftical Miflory.
thcr man's wife, he received a blow from an unknown hand, of
which he died after eight days, without any other <vimsicwm than the
knock on the temples, which did his buuneb. Baronius fays, from
Luitprandus, that it was the devil who gave John that blow ; but it
ieems not probable that fatan would have ufed his good friend in foch
a manner. It is more likely that it might be the hulbandof the
adultcrcfs.
• About the time that John entered into his See, died ThcophiJus,
who at the age of (ixteen had been made Patriarch of Couftantinople,
and was much fuch another faint as John. He openly ibid bithop-
ricks and all cccleuaftical offices. He loved hunting and horfes even
to madnefs ; he kept two thoufand, and fed them with all fuch fort
of rarities as they would eat. On an Holy Thurfday, as he was at
snafs, word was brought to him at church that his favourite mare
bad foaled. He inftantly left the church-fervice in the midft, to my ,
her a vifit, and then came back to make an end of the fervice.
He introduced the cuftom of dancing in the church on holydaya,
with immodeft poftures, accompanied with ridiculous b 11 ads.*
We (ball conclude this article with the Author's obfervatfon*
concerning the obstacles to the propagation of the gofpelj—
they are febjoined to Fleury's Difcourfc on the Croifades, which
the Doctor has inferted in his fifth volume ; — indeed more'thia
half this volume is tranflated from Fleury.
' From the attempts of Papilla, fays he, to convert Infidels, wv
thing very beneficial to chriftianity can well be expelled ; not be-
caufc the former are always deficient in learning and abilities, but
becaufe their own religious fcheme labours under infuperable diffi-
culties. Some of them can rcafon well, and fomc have written well,
npon the evidences of natural and revealed religion. But to make
men Chriftians is the fmaller part of their talk ; they muft proceed,
and make them members of the church of Rome, and receivers of
her doctrines, fome of which are contrary to the teftimooy of the
fenfes, and abounding with contradictions; fo that rcafon ranfi be
difcarded from the Romifb fyftem, and a fanatical fort of faith re*
quired from the converts.
* But that is not all. Suppofc that Infidel Princes (hould by fame
way or other get an infight into eccleiiaftica] hillory, into the papal
usurpations, the power which the vicar of Chrift claims over all
men, both in temporals and fpirituals, the ufe of St. Peter's two
(words, the pretenfions to infallibility, th/ extortions, the indulgen-
ces, the inquiiitions, the pious frauds, the lying miracles, the ex*
purgatory indexes, the open violence, the interdicts, the excommu-
nications, the breach of public faith, the mafTacrcs of heretics and
infidels, the abfolving fubjects from their allegiance, the depafing
and affaffi nating of princes, the difpofmg of crowns and fcepters, and
a long catalogue of enormities practifed by the Roman church and
its rulers, it cannot be well fuppofed that fuch Princes would be fo&i
of admitting fuch teachers into their dominions.
' But, to fay the plain truth, Chriftians in general feem not to be
ferfidfy qualified for this undertaking ; nor will be fo, till metaphy-
sical
OHMttatfsIntroduellontatht Study eft JjsHfaryt &c. 193
ficaljind fcbolaih'cal divinity is cither difcardtd from the Chri.lian
(y&etn, or at leaft is allowed not to be client ial to Chri;liani:y, nor
neceflary to be received as a condition to falvation.'
This is honeiily and candidiy faid, and well defcrves the at-
tentive confideration of thofe who have the interefls cf chrifli-
inity and the honour of our ecclcfiaitical conflituiion a: heart.
A* T. VII. An IntroduSion to the Study rftbs Hlfiory c;:J Antiquities cf
lrtland : Jn which tJie Aflertions of Mr. Hume and other Writer*
are occauonally confidercd. Muilrated with Copper plates. Alio
two Appendixes : Containing 1. Animadversions or. an introduc-
tion to theHiftory of Great Britain and Ireland, by J. Macphcr-
fon, Bfij. 2. Obfervations on the Memoirs of Great Britain and
Ireland, by Sir John Dalrymple. By Sylveller O H-illoran. zto".
12 s. Boards, Murray. 1772.
THE late controverfy concerning the hiflory and antiqui-
ties of the Land of Cakes, and of the If and of Saints, hath
prompted a warm champion to take the field in behalf of the
fair lady Hihernla ; who, he thinks, ha:h been injuriously treated
by many historians of her filler ifhnJ, particularly by the Humes',
the Macpherfons, the Dalrymples, and other North-firitifh
writers: againft whom, therefore, he draws his vindictive
weapon, and lays about him with an ardour and zeal which
reminds us of the quarrel between Sir Anby Alacfarcafm and Sir
CtUagban O BraghaUan%y when they went to tilting about the
reputation of their great grandmothers.
1 ^Having, fays Mr. O Halloran, a natural reverence for the dig-
nity and antiquity of my native country, ft.-enrjtliened by education,
and confirmed by an intimate knowledge of its hi!:ory, I could net,
Without the greateft pain and indignation, behold on the one part,
alraoft all the writers of England and Scotland (and from them of
otber parts of Europe) reprefenting the Irifii nation as the moll bru-
tal-ana lavage of mankind, dcflitutc of arts, lcrrers and (epilation ;
and on the other, the extreme p.ifiivcnefs ami infenfibilicy of the
preTent race of Iriih, at fuch reiterated inJuitJ offered to truth and
their country : inftances of inattention to th.ir own honour, unex-
ampled in any other civilized nation.'
But, foft ye, a while. Who abufos the Irift now? Not
their own flaming champion, furelv ! Yv*, it is Mr. Sylv.'ler
0 Halloran himfclf; and grvunJkfsiy, too, doss he fecm to
calumniate them, if any credit is uuc to his cvvn confefiiun, ac
the end of his book : whore it appears that fo far are the fre-
felt race of Hibernians from being jullly chargeable with this
unexampled infcnfibility and inattention to their own honour,
that we find them roufed from their litb&r*% by the infslcnu of
their CaUdonlan adverfarics. * The Amor Patriae, fays our
• In Macklin's Love a la mode.
Rev. Sept. 1^73' & &u\W*
1 94 O Halloran'; Introduction to the Study of the
Author, once mart begins to glow in the hearts of Irishmen r
the nobility and gentry think their ancient annals worth ex-
ploring and preferring -t and it is to be hoped in a little time
that the hiflory and antiquities of Ireland will be cftablifhed
on a bafis too {table for fuch adverfaries, and throw the fo much
wanted light it is capable of, on the ancient ftate of the Celtic
nations of Europe,'
But our Author, though fometimes a little heftyy is not, per-
haps, guilty of fo much (elf-contradiction as may, at foft fight,
appear to. the view of a curfory reader. His countrymen mighty
poflibly, have been in a Uthargy% when he begun to write this
introduction to the ftudy of that hiftory and thofe antiquities
.which they had unhappily forgotten ; but as he muft have em-
ployed a confiderable time in the completion of fo elaborates
work, and many events and changes mutt have taken place in
fo long an interval, fo Mr. Sylvcfter O Halloran might have
the agreeable furprize to find, at the conclufion of his peiform-
ance,' that fomething or other, the two malignant Macpherfons,
or the daring Dalrymple, had roufed them, and be bad the hap-
pinefs of perceiving the Amor Patriae once msre glow fn the
hearts of Irifhmen. From which cxpreffion, by the way, we
learn that the patriots of Ireland were not always in a lethargy;
although we do not obfervc that the exact times when they
were feized with this difordsr, and when they recovered from
it, are fo carefully noted as they ought to have been, efpec tally
if the Author, as we imagine, belongs to a branch of toe
faculty +.
In his preliminary difcourfe, our Author fuppofes the quefHon
— «4 Why mould Englifh and Scottish writers be fo particu-
larly indefatigable to milrcprefmt and traduce the Jrifb nation,
and its annals, if they were not convinced that they merited
fuch treatment ?'* Thir, he apprehends to be 4 a fubject worth
difcuftng ;' and, accordingly, he enters upon it with zeal, but
treats it with brevity, and, indeed, with penpicuity.
He obfervfs that ihe moft early Lritifh writers * are diffufive
in praife of the lrifli, — their humanity, their hofpitality, their
love of letters, their noble endowments for the education of
Britifh youth, ai.J the uncommon pains they took in convert-
ing and civi!i::in<; thcSjxon iace ; but the moment a fatal con-
nection aiol'e tctwicn the two people, we find the tables
turned, and every crime that human malice can invent, or hu-
man frailty imagine, imputed to them I* . .
A We remember a trcntife on the Glaucoma^ and another, if we raif-
takc nor, on Cfaignwfi by a Writer of the fnme name; probably
ihe identical Author of the hiilorical work before us.
In
tfyljry an J Axtifuittfs tfhtUti.
»9S
In
e wwfquhy, Itjuftrtting the hiflorv, anJ d?fend-
ry, Mr. O Hal oriti bi5 rn*ny
' lira-* f»t he h*. c/r.j
. Among ocI-.lt o;
be admirers ofraodem re-.. .'>iurd to fuppofe,
x colony of people looutd
awle ■ the uic or' the needle
va»fc**ad oot, .
iftdit. *llc;cinj: yet I'urcly Ihcrccau be no more
fr-i<m Iqr itnyin? ike f*& in one, than the other iuflance, fince taey
alike depeed oa tic : But in mar;. * how
Its ? the CYiiri'e have
been irj p -Leriet, we mode earn boift
n* o«f own . bare more than bare prefurnp::on for fu:
rv acquaint*
lido, aJiO: ;
itfocTn^i the public of * map off t le heavens tirade there 1" an tarftue
IfcC an. . id -Ahull ncit only I
Syejaifc* ■ c delineated i andou-
ri h coa(U were til. I difcoicied with
ii. In the ifland of the Hrperbo-
dt die people cooIJ bring r to laem,
{h<cs was found out. the ilory was treated a> a tlflloc.
waec ill thL, kc ua .iiV, what motives could our fenachics huvc for
. rcliiioa of the different imgra-
r| their an rn fcgypt to Greece ; from ;h:nce to
a<><3 lb » Ireland • We fee the Came unvaruiftied taJe tranfnittc
i the rcaiotcll antiquity, without the Icail altera-
idcitcca which I have produced fro
. arc ailontfhinaly fti <!er»
in -.vhich they paiTcd, This critic:! en |
■ ■
i ike, I apprehend will throw a *cry great
are parti of antient hil . kail the reader
!'•:', when he reads the 6th aed rth chant- <:
i ..<■ \ pei i. i 1, tfefenbed by
Oindor , hti been tup;. It J by fomc, like Sir Thotrua
-n isia^iaary one j but the many Creek writer* v.ho
wj daub; at :.
■ nly doupt that remain i-.t where to ti.
pten of the firll pait of this introduclioa ireexamited,
cnnbled to determine whether Irelacd is
ibed in ever, lii ;, j nd how far her hi'Aory is
Capable at" reconciling nun;, control ..tient tiiflory.
nd Roman writer* have represented the Drut^s
rope ; aa a
n, err.itcn fcu ted virtu*!, and for tfceir eat-
fttafic ieowlcd^c is art; aiJ fcicocea. Yet if Accredit moRkarutJL
jqS O Halloran'x lntroiufiion to the Study of tU
moderns, thefe Druids borrowed their ac\s and myfteries from *tfc#
very Greek* themfelves ; though thefe laft tell tu, that they, were coor
fined to the remote parts of Europe, and mention, them. a* >l people?
they were little acquainted with I
* Finding in all periods of our Pagan hiilory, conflant mention of
Druid prices, and having yet in our language no other word than
Draitbt .whereby to exprefs a diviner, or teller of fature events, I
began to fufpeel that this extraordinary body of men took their nfd
among us ; and that with arts and letters, they fpread their doctrine
over the continent of Europe. I read with attention all that had
been advanced by foreigners relative to them : I particularly oon-
fidercd every paftage in fisfar, who was an eyewitnefs. I compared
thefe, with the accounts of our Druids as delivered by Colganin the
lives of our early Cbriftians, and with many parts of our antient
hiflory ; and in the whole have found a molt afloniflijog co-incidence
of facW The miftakes of Scaliger, Selden, and other modern cri-
ties, with refpeft to Csefar's relation, I have hereby been enabled to
correal ; and hence every lover of truth may learn how dangerous
and prefumpdous it is in modern critics and commentators, merely
beciufc fome parts of a relation feem to them abllrufe, boldly, to
contradicl what are advanced as politive fa&s by antient writers, and
living witnefles. In a word, a perufal of the 3d, 4th, and {th chap-
ters of this lirll parr, will convince the unprejudiced, that the Heft-
then Irilh wcic the polillsers and inltruclors of the adjacent nations t
and that the Irilh hiilory thou! J be diligently ftudiud by every learned
European ; nay, that it is impofuble to become a profound antiqua-
rian without a knowledge of it.
* Cx'.ar tells us, that lettered men were in the highell elUmatjoa
among the Gauls ; he defcribes their governments, and affirms, that
in all tr»nfac«ion?, whether of a public or private nature, religious
ones only excepted, they made uie of letters. He is pontive they
had public colleges for the education of youth ; and that thefe were
ior'tru^ted not only in religion and difcipline, but in the foblineft
pans of metaphyseal and philofophical knowledge. Yet modern
writers, in opposition to thefe aflertions, affirm, that thefe anditfce
circumjacent nations were rude, ignorant, and illiterate, witkftet
public records, wl.hcut hiilory, or any marks of a civilization. Hojff
is this confident with the veneration they exprefs for the Roman W>
toiians : Mail it follow, becaufc through various revolutions theft
annals are long fince loll to us, that Ca-lar intended to impofe on die
Roman people? Our hiilory will clearly (hew he never meant anj
fuch'thing ; and cur Hiilory cr.ly can vindicate the learning and jio-
nour of the Celtic nations, from the afperfions of their very defcen-
dants. Cxfar tells us the Druids were great ailronomers, and she
Irilh word for a year literally fignifies the circle of" Deal, or the Su»,
He tells us, to them were committed the education of youth; andia
every part of Ireland colleges were founded for the fame purpefe-
He fay*, that fuch as chofc to become eminent in letters, repaired
to the iAcs cf Britain, or rather to Ireland; and at the reception of,
Chriliianity, and for centuries after, was a man of letters of Britain,
or of the continent miffing, it was a proverbial expreffion Amamdtuux
£} ad uifti}ltea:n7 in UUiiiJJ, Thu-, in the days of Diuidifm as in
. fubfeouent
Ifi/Jcry and /haffHitw #/ In 197
faUeejocat dnr», wa* he! great ton >pc; and it
vi. i fc» kndi^ii our antient hirfciry, like pure go* J, the n
Ttrcir 1; 11 atalyfcd, the htgbar it **.-*♦
♦ ioceo* that oar incnli-n came here a great a»d polJJicd
peoc V 4 from Ccr records every pr:of of it, and wai not
:udioa 01" foreign aa
««*.} m r)i, (hewed tW>m indeed a learned cation ; but
their BtCNrJ** to <rcty ot lor iwfu * bjeti, peered i h^m a rrtal Md
wile ft ate Noc even at tliit da» in . >irric*Itiirc carried to
a higher jiiu '• ' .'1 - . «' : waa fur: ici\) aaaon ■ : il ni;!i. :hc tract* 01*
abaci* rreyet vitible in our nilde* and moll uncultivated ciountaias.
tWr proiaoted papulation. formei an natdl unry,
and ganr rile t > new want* and new induliry. te w*i frost the coun*
itauoce aatordtd by flu/ prince* to agriculture, that trade* aad tna-
defactarea earl/ flo<aiiu:d axiOngft u» ; that the bowels of th:
•ere explored for new richri ; that Ireland was renowned ror her
ninoof goM. I .''P*'» *"d tin; that our eommere* w»t e
ten ire ; and that, r.: Lcitit coniefei, our port* were eorc fre-
faewed b tbofe of Bruuca. By this i na-
vies aad arniire fury Lied witn Hardy warrior*, who kept in fubjto
iitr,thr n+ighboaring ftatea. and who tret I . 1 riei
■ f.ta 01 the 1 1 r arrtient Roman*. We may judge of
lie fie be a of Ireland foinrrly. from the early Uwi made in the httU
fmii*m*mt of the ^a/r, -a^;ii H :be ufc of jruld bsta, and ornament*
of gold to bridles accept by pcrtona of a certain rank ; and by the
aery on pure aUer exported. Such are the confecruencei that muit
eve* *©w from a firi« attention to agneultnre.
I QObfrdered our ant.ent mode oflegiflaHoo with great attenti 1;
and I falter vtyfrlf ifcat 1 have viewed lis advantage! 1 iroupli a
cJaar 1 J-iy preceding writer. It is a fact adm>
tie moS celebrated i -c. that the ancient lair*, infiitarioat,
aafeatnnoi ot Europe wera in no decree borrowed from the Greeks
and Rcoan* ; and in Ireland 1 r'<>ond their rife could be traced aa
■afliati" ( literatoro. Gdar, for trample, di»
nac* tke linn's into ■ ■ " thu? were the Frith arranged.
K« Uft tie at toth- I "ir irnighti were In the higlu-ll clWent,
tad claat they ware remai»;a61e in >ii» time .— exacllyovr eate- Pm
Uaa dcfcnbe» their oi-nitr of fighting i aad ever/ pa^e of our hif-
mry m pregraajii wilb proof# of Ikeir romantw brarery and buna-
a»r* ( yet mo*H ir.-»rtrriii are of opinion that orderi of chlnlry took
Unrrii« in Earope at a mach htrr period. Hottoeaai ioco-
a jtfdeea that tie cronn Of Kraace wat alwayi hereditary ia the
uree royal laceai wbilll Dia Hatlaa, on the contrarr, think*. t|
near the t**>6rQ r«cc\ it was merely eleclivc. To reconcile opi-
atft%t lo ofipolite. the learned Pere Darrlri knaginrt, that the cr:;wn,
cf Pr«a<e w*a bercdmry under the nrft race, eiettive utder the
frcoml, *ad again fceredi: Vertoe bai with {retl
rargoanens proved, t>iat in all ioJUacee Jt .n loth hrredi-
pry aad eleAive- That is, tkat ia point of blood, ic could not depart
traai the rcigaia/; Nnej but thv the forceOioo di*l tvit f*C* dit«ci.L«j
10 1 jIooJ, bat wai detertniatrd br the choitt of ibe c\^tW
ed tie vtcplc* SjtcJi his beer, the J?i!b tsodu) of 1 fcotn
03
198 O HftUoun'i Intfiu&mn tbt Stuff*/ ibi t
the remoteft antiquity even to the beginning of tie laftncottkirjfc
Kone but the male line could govern in France; rtnl through imy
extended hiftory, but one inftance occurs of a female regent. Amofig
the Celtic nations we find all crimes, even murder, punifhed by fin*,
or fervitudtj and the fine was fettled, according to the dignity suad
quality of the deceafed. In Ireland, from the da vs of OHam a- Fod li,
till the laft century, all crimes, (violation offered to females, and in-
fults offered to any of the eftates affemblcd at Tara excepted) ty&V
in like manner pnnifhed by mulct ; aud this has been by purrifctyera
called the law of Eiric, or retribution. Englifh writers m-pwrlbula*
have been wanton in their cenfures' of this law, which they. iksani
accounted to the laft decree barbarous; and this apparently -for q*
other reafon but to run down the irifh legislation, iince it ia certain
that their anceftors ftrictly adhered to the fame. It has not appeared
however that the more fanguinary and fiery ones that have fucceetfef
have been the leaft check upon vice and immorality ; and fince w ,
encreafe of thofe laws, there has vifibly been an increafe oFpubflc
executions and public crimes. If a reverence for flricl and impartial
joftice, as well as for the distributers of it, be a proof of falutary W#4
duly adminiflered, it muft be granted that thofe of Ireland wersjesosv
nently fof as thofe Englifh lawyers, who firit introduced the prefect
form of legislation into the Jrith counties in the laft ccmury, mt#
fully acknowledge, -< l|:tJ
* But befide the great lights which our hiflory is capable of throW
ing on the antient laws and ceftoms of Europe in general, Engfaw
is more particularly intereited in this enquiry. I have wrote a 'pit
ticular chapter on this head ; and if i (hall not have the thaokVof
BritiQi antiquarians for it, I can only fay, that I have taken no fmall
trouble to defeive it. The learned Cambden was too great ari an-
tiquarian to be totally ignorant of the Irifli language, as his BritiM^m
proves. It was in consequence of this knowledge, and to be able
to account for the many Irifh words found in the BritiQi, that' tie
foppofes the Aborigines of Ireland came from thence. Mr. Lurid,
from the employment he engaged in, found himfelf under an indrf-
penfable ncceflity of becoming matter of our tongue. It was frtta
this acquifi t ion that he was enabled to anfwer the expectations of his
patrons, and to prove to the curious, how much the antiquities' "of
Britain could be illultrated by thofe of Ireland. He too fuppofertho
firft fettlers in Ireland to have come from England, and thereby ac-
counts for the moft antient names of places, CSV. there, being radfesa
Irifh. The lately deceafed Dr. John O Brien, titular bilhop oi Cloyae,
allonifhed at the light which our language throws,- not only on the
£iitilh, but the other Celtic dialects, m forced to adopt, in his irifh
Dictionary, the modern lyllcm of population in direct oppofition to
all antient history, and particularly to that of his native connuy.
But, convinced of the filcr.ee of the venerable Bed e on this head,
and the pofitive aflertions of oar very antient writers, that toe firft
inhabitants of Britain went from Ireland (and I do contend that their
ttftiraonies fhould have the greater weight) I have clearly, 1 think,
accounted for the affinity between the two languages, 'without' at-
ft-ojptJDi: to iubvert antient "hiflory.1 " ' '".'..
Htjfrry and AmsquhUs *f Irthvd.
i?9
Thus fir lather hlnafehf given a ficctch of the firft
end fecund pails of hii work i and lie sp\u<h I ic c!r-
rMftatices noticed id it, will appear, to evrry candid re*:
t* be very ftroa£ prtols of ehc alleged pew niiy, and ci-
of the ancient Irtfa,
e& to the third |»*ft ofovr Author's »ncct
we loiil only mention, with ail poaTiblc broriry, its punn
COAfitni*.
ilete, tben, Mr. O H* 1 1 or an recite* ih :*nce which
occalioned^traQcbow's exceottion 10 ireland ; he fhewi in what
mar.; II. arail f of I he iiitcltinc commotions
.u kingdom; and endeavour^ to >*» befog
acknowledged as monarcu, by ' a considerable pari >rd*
cfto En^lifti no pretence (o the claim of l > of that
country. He cut t«ids} likcwile, that the acceptance of Eng-
I lb laws, on tbc [ art -<r"the Irilli, is no proof of a foreign do-
eujivoo fc Chat, foe a^nvt aoo year*. trWc law* extended no
briber (ban the l.it-iiih pale; aud that when agreed to and
accepted by the entuc kingdom, it wai on certain cenditiois: a
cifCumUance wSt.li certainly preclude* th< . a oncjucfr.
He then fbrw* in what manner tbc political ami religious dif-
tuktioos, fo ruinous to Ireland, .. artfully kept up by tbc
Eaetrffc government ; and here he vr/v juftJy remark*, with re-
%ccK to the Uriiilh conftiut.on, * that it can utiy flouiilh by
■ icu*
' It is this, fayi he, that m="<e« item great and powerful. Zcaloas
to pjcfc: plaulc, ;he party in pnwer are always careful to
id to kotji trade and COtntncTCC in the molt
liticm. ! in nppofirii 1 t'.b their
"and iny unpnpulir ih-intth
tm- - uetne, teduloetlry
I to, and all aft» of fool oppress* on cither f.de relij»inuily
tu: From a retroTpedioa of Irirb affairs, for near 600 jrotol
pii, I vay» itic
nua ngdom ; and tnit by 1 Aral coalition of Irillimeo, c*fy,
um . leftibltV
.i>ns, he adds, ?nd the folicitude of cither
party to blacken each other, ' . made nur coun-
try appear ' ope, vcr, differently from what
itdefcrvct ; and (**rcc a writer, eren <>f 1 1 the
groat Volnure eowu :o Da*td Hume, who d K not thlrft he
mav, with impunity, putnifh my nnficprcferuauofi ol lie. And,
however fear. da low.' — 1'*..; remark k followed by a warm vin-
dkation of the lrifb af.ainft tome contemptuous n ctiofll c»(l
a*poi: :S XIV. tuaje
in bis Iltftory of England. He then proceeds ta nis
<o«mrymen agair.lt the alleged rnifrcprcfcatatfoni <*! Ctar 1-
Aod oibcn> with rcfrscit to the civil war in LxcUod in the
O 4 v«ia
200 O Ilaticran'r Inirodufilon U the Study of the
time of Charles I. and he particularly extenuates the reputsd
cruel and horrid citcumftances of the general en a fiacre of the
Proteilants : at the fame time he recriminate* on the Engliflh,
and charges them with excrcifing unexampled cruelties on the
Irifh.' This, however, he afcribes.to the inftrumentalfty of
the Scotch ; whom he accufes, as * the real fource of all the
calamities of thofe unhappy times.*
In the la(l chapter he undertakes to fhew that ' the Scotch
arc the only nation in Europe which runs retrograde to the evi-
dence of their true hiltory ;' which he allows to he * very an-
cient, and, to them, very honourable.' They have now adopted,
he fays, * a fyflcm of hiltory, founded on fpurious poems.' He
falls Ic.erely on Or. Macpherfon, author of the * Critical Dif-
fertations on the Origin* &c. of the ancient Caledonians and
their pofterity ;' gives us a critical review of thofe difiertations;
and concludes that * never did man take more pains, or difplay
more reading, and to a worfe purpofe, than Dr» Macpherfon/
— For the particulars of his various and copious ftriciure* on
the learned Doctor's work, we muft refer to Mr. Halloran'i
performance at large.
There are two Appendixes to this work. In the fir/f9 oor
Author keenly and feverely animadverts on the Introduction to
the Hiftory of Great Britain and Ireland, by James Macpher-
fon, Efq. In the fecondy he attacks Sir John Dalrymple, on
account of fome paflages in his celebrated Afemairt, which
ftcm to bear hard upon the Irifh, with refpecl to their condo&
at the time of the revolution, and the fubfequent partizanwar.
But, angry as our Author is with the Scotch, he appears
willing to live upon tolerable terms with his fellow-fubjedts of
England.
* To view, fays he, the two iflands of Britain and Ireland, one
would think them intended to fupport and protect each other. Tie
ancient Greeks and Romans called them indiscriminately the Rritijb
IJles, as if they were inhabited by the fame people; and Cambdcn
thinks Albion, the moll ancient name of Brirain, was given it as it
.were a fecond Ireland (Eile-Ban, another Ireland ;) Ban, or Banba
being one of the ancient names of our country. Ciefar too lays,
the cuftoms and manners of the two people are nearly alike; and
in his prcient" majefty. and his anccitors from James I. the royal
blood of the three kingdoms is united. AH thefe circumftances coil*
fidercd, is it not aftonilhing that any dillinclions fbould be kept »p
• between them V
It is now time to clofe this performance ; — a performance
which, notwithstanding all the national zeal, and pergonal acri-
mony of the Writer, hath afforded us both entertainment *od
information.
We cannot, however, fay that we have received many ntir
lights on fome points which moil wanted them; cfpecially with
regard
7 **'*" AxfyMkiti pf IrtlanJ. ao i
regard to tl- Qnicof Ireland before :':ir introdiir")iori nf (
tuaky into tbat country. Vet, in genera), we have formed
» Haltoran, but
(rule, with ng into thoif: ich ho haa,
lithe beet of i it fecim to have burnt up
rather weaketv.d than llrengthened hi* tenets on that
While he oMoa ihc preemptions in favour of the lawa and ct«
v&Ution of Ireland, before the Chriltian epoch, he ia very juft,
i**j laudable , but when be comes to adopt the old Mikuaa
and other fable*, he otiljr provoke* a fa*!!*. What, too, can
U more ridiculous than h i afligiiing the cuufc of the lirft gene-
ral arflnielcencc of the Iriib, in chc Engltlh bwi, than their
fxior, in chc Scoitxlh king, James J. a prince of the blood of
dream* cannot but dcrraf: fiom the merit of
the real and cnentiaJ lights which, in other rclpctte, he throw*
aaxsi* the fubjed.
A* to bit attacking M icrfon, on that gentleman'*
attributing tike popttlation ol twhaardar
«o4t hearty content. Yet u'e almoik incline to think lhaa
M. enay be in the right i for, in tU: nature of I i;o of-
fence, ; .Ireland) dries' it not frcoi osor* probabJc that
the migration would be from ihe uorfc to a better country
At tac fame time we do Id it to h- a p(>int o;
ice to literary or phitofiphical curio'uy, whether Irclam
pcopVcil !ind-cla*i*, or tlic HagHaadVcbni by Iriih
With reljvrA to Oman 'a Poems, ic appear* to ■*, thai
O UaJloran has left the matter a* doubt .'«» -s he found it .
a » forac bu* learned Nonh*6ritiflb public a;k>as hare done, in
relation to that great hilV [ueen Maiy't guilt, 01
•anoccivcc, of her huiband's mi rdci . lAcr dri^
tereral larje rotumei, by our expectation of Eavaac it cleaied
ap.— Pctbapo, after ait, the n .at way of judging, with
regard to tne bmturat ihe prvJuclion of tlvrfe poemt,
gi%« ic to both countries: coruicflcd .i* they were, by
■ mrfc, Jul nearly an identity of I
In &'->?% arc would with that every thing were exploded, or
rd, which tend* to keep alive any
iirtinction between Scotland and licland, — or, indeed, England :
with which we think them, for political, a:;d juft icaAaus, en-
titled to pct(t& IqiTAtlTY.
Eht, we flatter curfcJvci that Mr. O Hallo-
raaj will hardly impute our disapprobation oi feme parts of hi*
v«>ik, to amy naricwncfs of natron «l fparit. We would wilh,
t» friend* to the interelt and glory of oar country, 10 frc Gresi
Eritain, Ireland, and oar colotiici -ted into one grand,
e, rtlfihlt
202 . The Search of Happinefs ; a Pafioral Drama*
indivifible mafs of dominion, without the lead ferment of any
odious, opprcflivc, impolitic, or fcnfelefi diftinSions.
Art. VIII. The Search of Happinefs ; a Pafioral Drama. By Ififl
H. More. 8vo. is. 6d. ■ Cadell, &c. 1773.
THERE is no inferior degree of valour requisite in criti-
cifm* It is neceflary that the Critic fhould be an ap-
proved knight. Perils more than apoftolica) have we encoun-
tered, as liege knights of the Mufes, in the difcharge of our
duty* and the purfuit of our proper glory. We have let the
living light of reafon into the black holes of bigotry, and
ftormed the giant-forts of epifcopal arrogance. We have fcaled
the ftar-crowned dwellings of bards of defperate brains and def-
perate fortunes. We have fought in fmgle combat with the
dreadful monlters that prefide over the gaily- pot and the clyfter-
pipe. Five times hath that puiflant knight, Sir William Brown,
who flew feven ladies with one ode of Horace, been vanqui(he4
by our prowefs. He is fled to Oflian's feeble fons of the wind*
While he lived, he ihonc in arms ; pert were his magpies,
noify were his jackdaws ; — and terrible were his paws of tht
bear. We have been in perils from our own countrymen, and
in perils from Grangers ; in perils from falfe boolcfellers, and
in perils from falfe brethren; in perils from pamphleteers, who
held us acceflary to their flarvationy and in perils from players
who have exhibited us as ftarving ourfclves. Often have we
been challenged to Angle combat. Forty pounds, fave ten, did
a violent fon of St. David put upon our heads. Yet we live,
and, with the true fpirit of redoubted knights, live to defend
the fair !
The ingenious Author of the poem before us, in every re»
fpect, merits our protection. Whether we conlider the har-
mony of her vcrfe, or the happinefs of her fentiments, her
iircng,th of thought, or her purity of expreftion, it equally ex-
cites our admiration: — for this pafioral drama was written at
the age of Eighteen !
The poem is entirely of a moral cafl, and was written, for
the life of certain young ladies who played the rcfpe&ive cha-
racter', in private parties. The plan is altogether ftmple and
inartificial. Four young ladies ftt out for the dwelling of Ura-
nia, an exemplary and experienced matron, to confutt her on
the moft effectual means of attaining happinefs. The fair ad-
venturers, in verv elegant vcrfe, reflectively explain their cha-
xa£ters and difpoiitions, without fparine their peculiar foibles:
snd, in the condition, the old lady difraiffes them with this
Ja£c and icnfible advice :
The Sddfd #lUtfi**fi ; * PtJiiralDraas. acj
Let «0$)ia x\-t% her reil good difeera,
Ami i ft of Urania l<
}nmrH nan :>t of All hour,
| )wr bei! empire negligence of power;
. '.">* obtains the noble.t iv.
;r:» ftcurciy when (he feeina ;"obcy.
ice, however, can only be applicable to I id let
ftate, in wP ich flare the young candidates for baj>-
ippcar co be 9 but trie fair Author, wbts
.1- candidates, very rcafonahly [irefnmed, no
>tx, thai foe not her companions (bould Ibnj be oa
■
The foil iful lines rn.ikc 3 pirt, likcwifc, of t
laJyv >m :
A* foaic fair violet, lowlicil of the glide,
. its mi Iii fragrance on the lonely made,
ntodVtt hra-4 twm public
rti the fun, nor feeki the |;lare o- I j»htf
mne r jdc hin>l profanely dare intrude,
! bear it* beauties from its native wood,
F*pn*M abroad l« tftnpuiil colon n
1 -tot decays, aad all iti odour* die.
So woman, born 10 dignity retreat,
lukooun to flouriflu ami unl'ccn be great,
ivc domellia life it* fwtetrft ch
arm,
be known.
Shout J feck but hcavrn'i apphufo and her own :
No ccn lures dread, but (hole which crimes impart,
Th 01 -i iVll-rondemninjj heart ;
With ar.£el-*ir>doets fhould behold Hiltrci,,
And mcci;!/ pity, where ihc can't rrjrtl: ;
Like c-:iTiicx Merer *-»pc Affliction'* tear,
J5u; to fa fesere ;
Her pafinns all er-rrctcd, or fubducd,
Jiut one— tie *. ilrft ol "injjgoodt
in i'.ill (necalli her Own,
. aaibitiou uukca her bieafl its throne.
nj»m»
In iti troe light tltit tranficnt life regard,
A (i-*tc of trw! only, not reward ;
Thou . pcaccfal 1* the poj^
Tie biifi i* pertWt the probation (hurt.
Of hcmai* * pride,
An ot'crul '■-•{ «*c:, bat a dogtroos gui . •,
On hoi) Faith's afpLin^ pinion
ASui your birthright, and atfuHic the 0J
The
20*
Lcland'r Hijlory of Ireland,
The drama is interfperfed with feveral pretty pieces of the
lyric kind for mufic and the voice. Among the reft is the fol-
lowing addrefs to Solitude,
I«
Sweet Solitude, thou placid queen
Of modeft air and brow ferenc,
'Tis thou infpir'ft the poet's themes,
Wrapt in ioh vifionary dreams.
H.
Parent of Virtue, nurfc of Thought,
By thee were faints and patriarchs taught a
"Wifdom from thee her treasures drew,
And iu thy lap fair Science eicw.
HI.
Whate'er exalts, refines and charms,
Invites to Thought, to Virtue warms j
Whate'er is perfect, fair and good,
■\Vc owe to thee, fweet Solitude,
IV.
In thefe b'elt (hades tloA thou maintain
Thy peaceful, unmotaiied reign:
No turbulent dclires intrude
On thy rcpofc, fwcet Solitude.
With thee the charm of life thai! laJfc,
Ev'n when its rofy bloom is pall,
And when flow-pacing Time mall fprea$
its filvcr blolToms o'ci my head ;
vi.
No more with this vain world perplex'd,
Shalt thou prepare me for the next ;
The fpiicga of life flull gently ccafc,
And angels puiut the way to peace.
It is with great fatisfaclion we obfervc that the public favour
has already brought this little drama to a feeond edition j and
we fmccrcly with the fair and amiable Author thofe belt of all
- human picafurcs, the pleafures that Genius and Virtue alone
can bellow, ,
Art. DC. The Uifiny cf Inland from the lavafion if Henry the Second,
H^itb a Preliminary Dijconrfe in the ancient State ef that Kingdom.
By Thoma* Leland, D.D. Senior Fellow^of Tiinity College, and
Prebendary of St, Patrick'*, Dublin. 410. 3 Vols. 3 I. 129. 6d.
fewed. Nourfe, &c. J T7$-
IN an age (<$ devoted to hiftorical writing as the prefent* aj
in which fo many capital productions of that kind have
peared, it might juftly be expected that the fubje£t of the. w
before us would not be forgotten. It is undoubtedly defirani
UUr.A't li
505
to am not only genrral hiflo-ir« of rSs *: mpifc;
» good hrRoricfiof its particular p^rts, in- p,rt»
f» confiderabte as the fiflcr kingdom d-nd and IttrljnJ.
Not to mention other account* of" Scotland, ample
bath been done 10 that count), with icf|i
teretting period of its anna s, by the matter J) pen of Dr. Ro-
benfoa. Socic attempts hjfc'C, likcwilc, been nude with re-
fund ; but none of them Uem to hue been attended
vita fuukieal C«. cccii. The i-tc Dr. V. arner did h
deflgn; and, if be had completed it, tiicre it Malbfl to belie re,
froto the fpecimen he left* that the execution of it woukJ hare
fiilro far wort nf perfection, norwirhfhnding the c;rc and can-
dour with which it appears to have been compi
Every reijoiute qual'.ficaiiun might be hoped for in Dr. T.e-
Imd. The Doctor ia rot a new literary character. He ij a
r ahcady well known in the learned woild. Moft of our
Readers arc acquainted with his excellent Tianflatiou* of De-
Ecftheno * : am ha repactttoa as an hifloiical Wiim h. .
Sang been eftabliihcd by his Life of Philip of Micedcn t, whi<h
it an elegant, valuable, and claiXic pcrforinance. Should, there-
fore, the Doctor be (Mind to foil in hi* ptefent undertaking, ic
mold be contrary to all the rcfona! c hopes of the public.
But, after a carets) perufal cf the Hirrocy before usf we can
Kntorc to aiTurc ourRcadcis that their expectations will not be
difippointed. The work is fuch as might be looked for from
the pen of fo able and celebrated an Auth.
Dr.Lcland rn:e:t nor into the minwix of the oripin and
antiquiticr of Ireland. He confines bim 'tit, m h:s preliminary
tikourfe, to tbofc particulate only whicli fecin
trodwee, or to illuflratc, hii principal futjee*. The point*
coafidctcd by him, in this view, .ire, the I itrorr of Ireland be-
fore the introduclioii rt theeftabHtrjr;i -:to:
tUaity in that kingdom, with its coi s; (he li
asaniv Itifh : and the invafions of the country, prc-
tavtrt to 1 1 of Henry the Second.
From th furnifh ihe accounts of the
Paean of Ireland, and of whom Dr( J. eland £»vc* a
my Ij r, he juflly uhferrrs that we haw a InreJy p!c-
l mannas, more worthy of attention than the events
vol. xv. p. af 4. Vol. axiv. p. soo. Vol. xiiiu
r. tii.
- ltfi) } i« I -nan F.Inrjneoco^
it*. Ji.. D< . Review,
latio-
asiftfcato the Unto* > ■ of EngUad, K
v. h>h
206 LelancT r Hi/lory of Inland.
which they deliver, with fb profufe * mixture of giants, necro*
manccrs, obfeure allegories, and extravagant fables. ,"
* They defcribe, fays he, a brave people, driven from their na-
tive land in fearcn of new fettlements, eftablilhing themfelves by
their valour in a fair and fertile ifland : the chieftains parcelling out
lands to their attendants, and the whole collection of adventurers^
from the moment of their peaceable eftabtifhment, devifing means to
give liability to their acquifitions. From one family more di/lin-
gnifhed and reverenced than the rcit, they chafe a monarch, not
with that regard to primogeniture fuited to rimes more compofctf;
but the ablelt and braveft of the particular race, as the man mod
likely to protect or to avenge them. To guard again It the conro&m
of fudden accidents in a time of violence, a fucceflbr is appointed
to this monarch during his life, who on his demifc is in Handy Kg
take the reins of government. But the power of the monarch u
confiderably limited. His aflbciates in adventure, confeious of thcuj
own merit, claim a fhare of dignity as well as of emolument. The*
pay their tributes to that provincial king whom they chufe monarch
of the ifland. In the other provinces they exercife all regal auth&i
rity by virtue of a fimilar election. They have their rights inde-
pendent of the monarch, and frequently vindicate them by arms
againft his invafions. The monarch, fenfible of the danger ariliny
from their turbulent fpirit of freedom, endeavours to fecurc his au-
thority, fometimes by dividing their power, fomctimes by uniting
the various independent Hates into one general interest by national
conventions. In this flate of things, a robuil f;..nie of body, a ve-
hemence of paffion, an elevated imagination were the characterise*
of the people. Noble inftanccs of valour, generous tfTufions of be-
nevolence, ardent refentments, defperate and vindiilive outrage*
abound in their annals. To vcrfe and mulic they are peculiarly ad-
dicted. They who are poflefled of any iupcrior degree of knowledge^
they who operate on their fancies and paiiions by the livcliclr. {train*
of poetry, arc held in extraordinary veneration : the miniflers of
their religion arc accounted more than human. To all thefe they
fubmit their ccnteJts ; they confult them as oracles of law and pi>j
licy. But reflection and the gradual progrefs of refinement convince
them of the nccefSty of fettled law*. The principles of equity and
independence implanted in the human br«:iut receive them with de-
light; but the violence of paflion ftill proves fu^crior to their M-
flratnt. Private injuries arc revenged by force; and infolcnt and;
ambitious chieftain* (liil recur to arms. . ..
* They who compare this account, a'Jds our ingenious Hilloriw*
with the progrefs of focieiy in other European fettlements, may do-i
cide on the julhicfs of this colouring. The Iriih antiquarian deduces
from it an intrinfic proof of the general authenticity of his favourite
annals.— But to the antiquarian I leave it to ellaMiih the authenticity
of this hiftory. It is only pertinent to my prefent purpofe to obierve,
that if we fuppofc that the old poets were merely inventors of thia
whole feries of actions and incidents fo circcinltantially detailed*,
ftill they mull have drawn their piclure from that government, and
thole manners, which fubuilcd m their own days, or were remem-'
bcred
LckndV irfarj oflrsknj.
207
So uax we n»»y xcafombly conclude, that
li< ixx< of I. - laslt 'rxloee the introduc-
:ariy
;ly coLtluiiCu Hiiich I am concerned to
The eoiwcrfion cf tec Iri£h to Cruiftianity it Renerally con-
filered at anew period, whence wc cniy txacc tbeir hillory with
mote certain II find ic encumbered wuti legen-
dary acid pvctkal fciiw j. Tnil wa» undoubtedly an ii:t|x>riant
alttch produced conftderabl:- but yet its influence
njing the manners oc" the i:it:abiurtft WW
nave bevr; i What were the rr.il reinfrcjuence*
of the reception oi the cfpel among thcrr, we Icaia feem the
folio v.
:.op Cfltcr hu ».. n of <2«clri£t* taa£b£
idc wu free from the crone cfcufcJl of
Boar. But pare as ki» prcad iog nigtu
Ati, which, if rhrlr ii.l acacc lie m . .1, lead to
-.araonbe, ie?J elevate the ha (hoc mia-j, do hoc appeal t*
beew fo deeply imbibed, ox blended io thoroughly with the oa-
• ■l tac people, ai to produce an .cfer-
: Lut.«t;lcJ w
ao unchrii i was dcCr.it. / a fo-
aouaced lh< Km! been t ce oC
rami. Y id he returned to Xi . .1, 1. 1
ith a flioeki cc cf li:»J*u:d
tb6*ga;icc, I i-vocd.
Ic :s true the r *r. . : inaaltfls, xandalixcd at (his <
tkic Leorauc apoflatiscd k/tee Kit ba?:ifm* The UU, it ,-,*,.-
;i a bom*
ofnaatne-i proved loo po . the prcacLexj of C
. been exbficcd auc
Jeath of
mbition. Vet
jld not eradicate, at UaA
retained the national wees. A . fccu-
hr and r*£« Ic countrj , frequently
became umpire* betuftri 1 they
Could rot eonfin ; - ia the bounds of reat'on ion, at
Scare terrified licsn by dcx/Ouod A£lin£ their ex-
ccfies. . ■« ignorant pct'i'I' aiixa*
efrt w*ih a rengioat 1:. .
tad every d-imrtlic ftrifc, !>.*> were fa They fooa
Jcv»t>
pray era
"O uif
"1« to
aWi '
208 Lcland'j Hi/lory oflnhnS.
" The Monks,", faith Mr. O'Connor, " fixed their habitation*
in defer ts, which they cultivated with their own hands, and rendered
the moil delightful {pots in the kingdom. Thefe defcrts became
well policed cities ; and it is remarkable enough, ihaf to the Monks
we owe fo ufeful an inftitntion in Ireland, as bringing great nam*
bers together into one civil community.— In thefe cities the Monti
fee up fchools, in which they educated the youth not only of the
jfland but the neighbouring nations." The teilimony of Bcde it on*
qucftionable, that about the middle of the feventh century, in the
days of the venerable prelates Finian and Cclman, many nobles an^
other orders of the Anglo-Saxons, retired from their own country
into Ireland, either for inftruelion, or for an opportunity of living
in monafterics of ftritter difcijlinc : and tli-t the Scots (as he ftile*
the Irifti) maintained them, taught t»tm, and furnifhed them wi'tE
books, without fee or reward : " A mail honourable tellimonr,*
faith the elegant Lord Lyttclton, ■• not only to the learning, bat
likewife to the hofpitality and bounty of that nation !" A conflox
of foreigners to a rctirsd iiiand, a: a time when Europe was in ig*
norancc and confufion, gave peculiar luflrc to this fc:;t of learning t
nor is it improbable or furpiiiing, that feven thou land indents ftn»
died at Armagh, agreeable to the accounts of Iriih writers, though
the feminary of Armagh was but one of thofe numerous college!
erected in Ireland.
* But the labours of the Iriih clergy were not confined to their owi
country. Their mifiionaries were fent to the continent. They con-'
verted heathens, they confirmed believers, they erected convent*1,
they eftablilhcd fchools of learning; they taught the ufe of letters
to thc'Saxons and Normans, they convened the Pifls by the preach*
jng of Columb-kill, one of their renowned ccclefiafiics : Borgundyi
Germany, and other countries received their inftruclions: and E«l
rope with gratitude confefled the fuperior knowledge, the piety, the
zeal, the purity of the Island of Saints. Such arc the events ed
which Iriih writers dwell with an cnthufiailic delight.
1 The firft Chriftian miflion2rics feem to have induftrioufly avoided
all unncceflary violence to the ancient manners of the Irifh. Thejr
poets they favoured and protected ; the remains of the Druidical or*-
der were not perfecuted ; and although divine vengeance was thun-
dered againit the y/orfhippers of the fun, flars, and winds, ic is evi-
dent, that fomc Pagan fuperllkions were overlooked with too great
indulgence ; for they fubiill ar this day in Ireland : fires'are lighted
up at particular times, and the more ignorant Irifh (till drive their
cattle through thefe fires, as an effectual means of prcferving them
from future accidents.' *
The whole of what Dr. Leland has advanced concerning th$
ancient manners of the Irifh 1*3 curious, and worthy of notice;
but we (ball only tranferibe his account of their cuftom of
Fosterage, together wi;h his fummary view of their general
character. •
* Of all the cuftoms of the Irifh, that of Foster. *cr, as it is calleoV
hath been a particular fubjc;l of (peculation. Their writers gencr
rally agree, that children were mutually given, from different rami-
lies,
Lctad'i Itjtir, if lr<k*J.
IM
lw, fr? t* miffed and bred up ia others ; nod tfcat iafciiori, i a lie ad
i (of their ore, purchased il* honour of fo£»
1 1 -. wr are icdd, a Ari&ci coa»*
sace-ra aad confederacy ww beoreca di.frreat rsmilsc* and
Tnert is no doab:, cut that children brad from
laocy together, ift lh< faanc family, unctr cb« faro* parental
Of, ia the fanac fpovti and Occupation*, with mind* ueu.'nted *>/
frior, and inattentive to worldly diiiinriions. confsdered each ixber
«f»al bttihrta, I ad eoorrafled warm affections, Pfcii
icy regarded tlvcir folicrer* with a fallal rtve-
rrece; led v . through life, Alt: tided by the chihJrcfi
of tacit Merer* '•iiH . .iij (lead/ aitacr..;i-: Duel can-
* tibac Fo- ptrpoflcty deviled by po pro-
oat? tt • a mutual r-*chanoe of children, or
:es intended or coo- loch an exchange
TWBrchoo laws feem to intimate, nV. was the occupation
a/tkee nbo: ra capable of doing
«atr service i otfcc pabtic. " No mar/ fty i!tr, *« fliall in any
cs*t be entitled to r tic, who pays t rosx( ai : and
ir '-ftcinnjanritioca on all orders ol women, their cxpreflion is, from
:'<isecn to tic roan 80 lax arc die frogmen:* of tbcfe
U*rs£rox> favouiiog ibe notion thac the hoaoar of b*cc.!ii:;
*tao«r purchaied, that th:y arc exaft in aicernining the wajr*
•W tail be paid io feftetvn ir. proportion to the time that children
CcajQcjpe hp< ■ rnfuu&Oaf they have received:
o*r<*oihey on ial maflcrs may den
axentbe appoiiiimciiii of a foilciur. And here 11109 difcover these*
act of a complete IH11 . at Jeail for thole of the middle
raaksoflila. Tb« youth so i, ■ .,.■• ; • j.^crage was no: employed
lijj praflice of v«riou* k measure? of
•aecy, *j *e -tic Sbmcuanct 1 ... t i baa edacaxioa +m
*wre artful, afid . Durable. He was in Articled in the
faaajec iiVaadry and (lllage ; in navigation,
IWI dtlin:. 'hout
'ifUititi£ rhc difciei ■ ia toe Icnowl.'gc of letters, or
***«ajj as ilic lowcfl pa
• la a word, it appa i^O*
ted enmpofure. were in*
*nl by ao anoans barbate it pcjieet civility whscb
ratkuaWtic admirer I fir peculiar eh*-
ratcd laVofe ua« p: ;<.l which lubliii amos£
a pc .- uf an
«a»K
tx^tira, : 1 with aa htbttoal
fcnofjofticc; *• in proportion, lively a
lad res, wa? only to be
•caainatl by kree ; and to force they j>erf»e' teed. Tbclr
Wad txs+ornal .ijenbliat do nat have ever ferved the
ftryoic of d pcatceauae coooectioei bet r, ten the diavrrtnt in-
k*W' . wHich, for inaay «gcs had Ml kilun for
iaapTOwasent. Tbx inftoence cf ;hcir inorwrets »»a weak; their
I, comrMl«d. and lefcAed. Tte pcMacBft, UsAoCft
itrr. iept. i;;j. P V^«
1 1 0 Lcland'i HiJIity of Pr eland.
the inferior fcjrt* into which the ifland was parcelled, llttd in 1 kind
of fedetai onion with each others which the pride, the iojuftke*
the mmbinon, the avarice, the revenge of different chiefuinj ware
ewer ready to interrupt. Their hiftories record the effefis of thoe
dangerous patfioos ; the virtues of private life are not generally i*
fubjed of hiftory. An impartial and unprejudiced enquirer may Bll
di (cover many traces of the equity, the rectitude, the benevoletfjpe*
and generosity of the ancient Irifh in their different fepts.* " ;''
Our Author's relation, in the laft part of his preiimroiry
difcourfe, of the incurfions into Ireland, and the fettlerneiks
' rnadc in it by different tribes of Danifh, Norwegian, and other
Scandinavian adventurers, properly paves the way for the in-
troduction of his general hiftory ; which begins with fhewifeg
how favourable the condition of that ifland was to an invafioo
in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, and with exhibiting the
{late of the neighbouring kingdoms. He then proceeds to the
fchemc of invading Ireland formed by Henry the Second. Tfct
defign was conceived by that monarch foon after he had afcenaled
the throne of England without difpute or competition, without
jealoufies or difcontent, with all that brilliancy of character ria-
tu rally arifing from his diftinguifhed abilities, and with an ex-
tent of territory unknown to his predeceflbrs. We generally
do fuch honour to the policy and circumfpcclion of great
princes, as to fuppofc that fuch defigns are formed on mature
deliberation, on an accurate enquiry into the condition.) japd
circumstances of the country they are to invade, and a. tj|o*
Tough knowlege of thofc defects in polity and manncri|iitkat
internal weaknefs and diforder, which prepare the wmy'rof s
foreign invader, and promife an eafy and effectual coni^ttft,
But our fagacious Hiftorian juftly remarks, that a very :(£HRml
and fupcrficial knowlege of this ifland was fufficient to-fTrerht
ambition of a powerful and popular fovereign, at a time wUrn
the difficulties of his reign were yet unexperienced, and wJja
it was reproachful to any diftingui&ed character not to -beopf
fcfled with fome fiheme of gallant enterprise. t^m
A pretence alone was wanting to give a colour of jufttoett
the defign : and with this Henry was fupplted, either bfth'v
own fagacity, or the fuggeftions of an interested and fuhtilote
clefiaftic. Application was made by him to Pope AcTrlahyfa
a bull to enable him to undertake the conqueft of Ireland" xla
he might ercd the kingdom of God in that country. *y& ifL'
fane hypocrify of this tranfaclion is very proper! y//etJc ia
■Df. Leland, together with the political motives which u
Adrian to comply with the King's requeft ; and the-.fa**H It
js infortxd at large, as affording a {hocking inilairce of -- thfcfra
fligacy and impiety of Papal usurpation. ■-■ -**t
■ "TfcVSgi
Tnov&h Henry had obtained a decraextf thoFonc l» h
•l(»*i<fiiHpca<Jrd for a
aeto-
rJITv
Uic l.'ilh ch'-tlui.-r — I
- J*Ct
.1
by ii
■
firmix— their arrival in frc*
!:»l«nt o! ,y jit that country — -:i:
. wir, (ill
Author in a cl<ar anJ m
he h^ ctw clM^ilri wSlh fo-uc :■
wiir.h ihew chat there wis m. tiling iCcmJcrt'jl or c
ia the fucxcC, of theadveotu
• Thu . 1 1 ■•. he, we flrx! :as f:
'i to remflate the Iri-h chiefi
J, peaceably fettled i-r Hi* pi •
. afioftitot-g
bfa^* a pmwft , appfan,
wrimineJ, neiih«f wofid«rftfl nnr ektra^rtliniiry To Stthraa
'-JbUaaatracr aapoiai *
aotaiag ia Iic2ii)d <iu able to •
;tii m :'uL.b a maaaar 21 bopa*.
^ .- f valour 3 ' . ■ ■
■"d and Ifl : '
1 ind where the cumber* c c^miJ, die
W2i blough: l> to a f-f<rc ■..•ill. The
povn of rm.r r jtron rary did one contend with : "»nri fco**-.
au£ coneri»e e* fa«*k of Ir-l-i -.•*. ** on- ool Kftrd iLws, :fe*
ada* had but iu'a: titxi of 4 oitianal caufta or 1
Tlatir lhbc> *c. toe the I;
of ihtfir .'*» wjm;
mm or dcfcn i
-
(A ■. anJ when i"ni» was
^^^^^^Ha*r r . all concNbwS
jpH flMAaMa>at< nr Jlfporidtmf
^^^HaWha^f^ Tta»<k»aia>r :cji colony in l.eiefttr iraa
«* sttodoat acuber inUfetat eoralarraic ww ptfh»|h a
few of nasal
ipeak with a car '. »»ik ibry dvcU
g JWh*** pconae»>l Man and coaicih f*ba!Ur.£ in air.cx c^u\«i\eA
ill Run i.cj '* prsfita Sum *f Muju in Gtrv4*y% &&,
iIk iiUrvJi *&tl even upon the iangnthcaai ailura of tfeeir church,
object* much .more important. Had ciirfc firft adventure**
'■id nothing more (0 do but to march through
t whole nation of timid u\ sgei by th« glitter of
iu\ they muft have fpcedily experienced the cff. h romai
madoelj. But their valour was happily di.cttcd by prudcr>
mfpcAfcm, and hence cfcey gradually prevailed orer thrirm«
<iei, no left brave, but unexperienced, improvident, and difui
in miMuri.J
Air. X. Conclusion. «/"/>. Barmry't Pttfini StMtt tfMmjk ia t7rr-
nr«»r, tbt NttbtetonJi. a*4Ux;ttA ' Pr*vi%tti$t$t. From oor Num-
ber lor Jane fait, page 45?.
•or preceding article wc left this intelligent and enter*
[ tiining rnufiefll Traveller towards the Inner part of his M
volume, and in a very mtcrcfting part of his performance,
Vienna ; wjth .1 determination, in order tu picfcrvc fame cJej
of proportion in our review of his work, to take leave
that capital, anil to join company with him, a£ i
:ZtU
from thence, on his journey through Bohemia, with the at
count of which hit fecond volume commences. To this ph
we (hall fo far adhere 24 to confine ourfclvcs, though n<
out r^rcat reluctance, to the ftivinj little more thin a
and imperfect lift < f thr gorjl rompanv tve leave behind in
Tbi« rci/.lutioni however, is the left mentoriour, ar wr arc 001
hat we cannot attend the Author in any pre of hit 1
without meeting v/ith inflruclion or entertainment.
W lied fame nan* of the Author's anim^..
ftetch of the great poet Metaftafio : we have mcnri
JJaflc, * the tnoft natural, elegant, and judicious ccmpofer *
vocal muile, as well ai the mod voluminoui now ah.e
the Chevalier Gluclc, * whofe invention/ in our Au;l
nion, * h unequaMed by any other compofer who now li
ever caifted, particularly In dramatic painting, and iheatl
cil eftefls ;' and whom he clfewhere hoMlj and -I1
eharaaerizes, by calling him * tJ: ■
the two laft 1
are related $ and the different genius of tncii
jufliy d&rioaixuted by the Author, with
prec'ifion *.
—
* Hail* U regarded by ite Anther m ■ the Raphael of *fvi»?v«
poftrt.'— * If/ lie adds, - the aHcirrd trench exprtften «rjr< jffW
f*ft* et» «**r mean any tkiri*, it mufl be when applied- to thm m+
4u6Wn» of fecfc a compiler *• Haife. irfio iuoxdl* hater pcranpi
im taprefing with cfauncw and propriety, whatever ia &%&*l.
•fagam, and tender, tea what n boa&ruti- tad «iolc»t 1.
Burney'r f.rtftirt Sscte tf Mujk'i* Gtrmr*/, ty». afj
Of the many oilier excellent muftcel profcflurs« Dibtta*::*
end pcrfons of cneht, with wham the Author bi MS
Swc Ou!l particularize . U/»
mech o-def in the cnu
«rr, the Cuuutcf* Tbu», a Udy of a rcfuicc taftc, jnJ of a
mcA amiib'.e character : — the Abate Tarum, Secretary to the
Pope's Nuncio, and M. I/Augicr, one of the principal l*hjb>
cuoi co th* Imperial Court ; borti of whom greatly :iilifted the
AiUhor ux his mulical releaichc:, putic Jiatly the hit, whu * has
beard natmotmibay in all pjrts of the wurld with jihilolbphic
wi:'- the Abate Coira, a Portu^uefc Abbi, whole raufxal
opinions, auJ performance, arc ai ex<(j*»rd|(ury,
m his charade: i, lingular. The degree uf this fingulority ro>jr
Wcftimatcd by the Reader fiom force ftrikiug traits of hi
racier here given; or may more readily be inferred from the
Author a observation, « that he is a kind c»f RoufTcHu, but Hjll
amc origin*! :'— the oner churning FauflJna, v.hofecapiivatuM«
fovt~ ice and pcrfon foenc of our more eldc'Ty Readers
•nay p.jilibk- frill remember, L-ven with r=.piu;e ; now the vv
i Halle, nod convened into I lively, and eom-
memcaii- ol faventy-two, ami into * a liv
•'uotc of nrufical hillory ;* — a metamorphofii not unacccpMbla
tproftuble to our rnufical llillonan, whuni flic fumiftictl
i ruany anecdotes of her cotemponry performer! : — M. Vari-
compofcr, fever*] of whofc pi< LrcuTsily
h'.s fympheniev, had afforded the Anchor fuch uncommon fit.
cijat he hefctatcs riot to rink them l among the moll ei I
and perfect competition?, for nrany inlbumcnt*, which
t of CAuilc can boaitV The productions of this greet
! fcem to have owed a confidcrablc part of their escel-
.1 happy perturbation of his mental faculties — 1 > .
t catalogue of oiuficiani ant! Dtfattnu we fhafl ..
the narr.es of Haydn, Hofmftnn, Wa^cnfcil, Caiman, Sa-
. Diuers, jiiJ ifubcr.
Oi Hliare from Vienna the Au;hor eroded the Icifi
iiia from South to North, in his \va> to Dreidc
-'.quently been told that the Inhabitants of thl* ■
were the nvjft mufical people in Germany, or r all
Europe; and at he could not fuppofc that elTrfU ct)ulJ e<jft
without * eaufe, he was, as ufual, »ery afliJuou* todtfco.e.- it.
JUB-Jtf-lcngih found out that, noi only in every brgetowrjj hot
41 til iac villages of this kingdom, at well as in Moravia,
Hungary, aid part of Auftria, wherever there Is a reeding end
■ ii » ' 'i
k'i genfoft feesos snore calculated for exciting tenor in
' mustioni, occJtrVined by complicated aniYery, an: the ua<
..bridled paffionw*
P 3 w\ivt>^
214 Buroey'j pfefent State of Mufic in Germany^ &c+ .
J'*' .. .-. *>',"■ .. .• , , -# • - »
wrWiagf'fohooi^VibiWceri -oftath fcxes are taught mufic*.. Tn'fe^
vera! ;.paq«'oi'.tkW'fei$3iJQm he vifited theft felmH^Mm
Czniltew in ■pattUoldr be * caught them in the facSk.'- J^founo^ ^
thefchool ^CoH^nUtle children of both fexes, f^ffo$j?*^
or elcveu years, old » who ware reading, writing, Pj^y'^ftiP-P-jri
viotlns, hsuihoia, balloons, -and other inftruments. The soalurt^
of this ichool, who is likewise organ i(i of the church at '.this '
place, had, in a fmail room in his houfe, four clavichord?, with ;
little boya practicing on them ail- He played to the Author •fm .
extempore -fugue, upon a new and pleafing fubje&, in Co very' ,
itiafieriy a manner, that he thought him one of ibe beft per- '
fprrocri on tho organ whom he had heard throughout his jour-
ney'; and laments that (uch fupcrior talents mould be employed '
Li ihc drudgery attending the occupation of a country fchool-1
inaiter* «
Though the children of the peafants and trades-people in this (
kingdom are. thus early instructed in mufic, as an article of th&*
common fchool learning, yet from the (late of vaflalage, au^
otber circumtlances of this country, they have no encourage*? ,
menr. to purfue it in riper -years, and feldom advance furthest*
than to qualify themfelvcs for the ftreer, or for fervitude. Ne^ '"
verthelefs, fays the Author, in thefe common country flhools,"
now and then a great genius appears. He gives Stamitz for
an. in It a nee, who was afterwards fo eminent both as a coinpofer ,"
and .performer, and who was brought up in the common fchopl *
at Teuchcnbrod, among children of common talents, who lived,'
and-.d led unnoticed : * but he, like another Shakefpearev broke !'"
through all difficulties and difcouragements ; and as the eye of*
one pervaded all nature, the other, without quitting nature,'
pir&ed art further than any one had done before him: h'isge-..'
pius was truly original, bold, and nervous; invention, jrjrei''
and contrail, in the quick movements; a tender, graceful, am) ',
inftnuating melody, in the flow ; together with the ingenuity' '
and richnefs of the accompaniments,, characterize his producV*
tions ; all replete with great effects, produced by an cnihuR&h
t>f genius, refined, but not repreflcd by cultivation.' ,.' '
At Drefden, which the Author next vifited, he was wit'ocfsv
to the ruinous ftate of mufic in that capital, and indeed. of the ,
capital irfclf, which, during the reign of Auguftus I.ir.'*"wSS*
regarded by the reft of Europe as the Athens of modern timdi^7
and where all the arts, but particularly thofe of mufic, .bww*
and painting, were loved and cherimed by that prince,,.; with' aTj
zeaj and munificence, greater than can be found in the brjAlctt!!
period of ancient hiftory.' But perhaps, he adds, < fbme'p^ftj
oftke Jate and prefent diftreffes of this country (laye originate^
ia-trris. e»ceflive magnificence.' ■* ' '^
Barney'; pt{t*l State tf AL/U in Gtrm*f$t &g. n $
!:rvdid mulical ctLbliftment at thi*i court —
. J lccnc uf jcliun, Vihtiz GtKtrai Hijfy *ni fcuj
J troops h>d rui-ic fo many gloriou-s campaign*,
tad - laurel*,'— iras fuddcitly oii^crTcii by another
. no jrn wthf.toiy as well a* military (Jtmral, who played ».
: Sc inhabitants of thi* unfoetwnate city, and
uftclua'lt fiienced eh* mufical troop by a furic»u% botnhjrJisieoc,
115 of the lait war. Seven 01 : oalr of ifac
•• rrmain on ths foot. By it* di'periiorv
rv<$, l aimoft every great eicy of Europe, tod I^n-
imong she it!*, acquired frvcr.il evqu^fnc and favotiraW
ik.' On 1 1 0 all Stgnc* Haito'i L^a« ruuu-
and oOic- xryi
a a: to tell the Author at Vienna* tha; tie belkvod * 11 th«
of PrufRa l.id known that contingencm ivguJd nave
cUi£< j have «n-
>ri*<d h.m of it, mi»ht have f*vid h.a crfv jv'
The rulm that b>vc followed thit, ami tH#
■ rj> ;_;c> o' the PruflUftt, are thm well and bricay
: he Author. ' Every one here,' uj\ in
.: indigence } — moil or the nobilii ntfj ana :jj
i| OTciUncd to be able to afford tc Ujiii, vt lu 1c. their
tkiUrcu Uuru raufic— DrcWctt it at prcftnt ■* melancholy rcii-
'■•cing tbc feat of the Mulct, jiiI habitation of
1 now only a dwelling foi . , theft, ani
... No fxicty among the native* can \k fuuiwrwd a
urt is cjbligcd to abandon veniui unA
. 1 :urn, abandoned by them I '—In (nort, * ex-
the wretched comic open, then if no one ipcSaclc, but
Tcca ii - 110 jrw»/k///*-, no public
in the city or fubarbs, fur t/ic people, and not a hnae
ol plcafure or bufincl , Can be drfcriod o« tha
' itJi pa Sage down which river, not a fmglc
by the King of Piufta't loftrtA aft Ma
UtAvy duties, ai| govd* muft be
1 Pru&an \<&U befo:e they arc fuffc.ed to proceeai
C'jrvc ifeucM and raSfrric* attending (he travel -
v have been already noticed. Oar mulical Ttat-
a very fenfible aj-grjuiuua of then, k>» hn
of the Pruflian government} pam-
1 to the capital of Brandcnbur^h. Alter
.r.cd in an open irftggOfl, ftucfc fart in a bog?.
ht till £bt in the g, in utter darkncU,
ithout any defence to violent cold, wind, and
r approached the walls of Berlin at nine. He wa« m-t
.-red tg cuiet that cap td, though Jic Wa* provided
F 4 %\fe
_
3 to Barney* /w/*t* £m* »/ A/ij/fr /* G<rto**r% #u
wth a PruiKan pafTjHUt, till be h*J l**o detained three «|«ar-
tcfJ Of an hour it the barrier. He war; Uten tsfcr
cultody of a CCiUuael, who, DO hit poA-waygoo, with
his TrtulVct on hit fhoiildrr, and ba'. onrt fixed, conduced trfm
like a ptffoncr* ihtotigti the prin of the fcittr, to *c
cuftomhoule. Here he was detained m tt r yard more than two
hoar:, in hi* wet deaths, and fhivcrin* with co'.d, while ertty
thing wis taken out of hi* trunk and writing-box, and
arnincd with the grrateifc Ihic'.nds. Afterwards, on making on
rxcurfii hence only to Putfdam, he underwent, before
lie eould be admitted into, of let out of that cif, a lenesof per-
gonal examinations, at minute and rigorocs as is ul'ittl ev<
iilern of a town befir^cd. Hi* mire, crurairrr, to whom
teeemmended, bound's (hy, and various other particular* were
demanded, and hi* anfwers all regularly written down
reexaminations, flrict «• they were, i however
Inefficient to t rther scrutiny, to par take
0* the plcafure that had been pto^j-cd for him, Ihtoweh tke
feveral prritir* of dirtiocVwn, of Ueiri; .idmitteii into
the r nwnta nt Sans Souci, and of being prckat daring
ihr \:tit u ounce of ' . y's ufual evening conceit. It was
necefi-ry t>at Iva fhoo'id be earned thiiher, or at leaft intro-
dutcd into ihr royal fefiifenoe, by *n officer of the houfcboW,
:d peffou; and even, in the company cf hi* well-
vn guide, he underwent a fevcrc examination^ not Only at
jjoto/ IC fcSte* at Pitfcljm, bu I door of the p-
lacc. — But we willingly inffcfl lo a lets mortifying and n>r-lc
bjec>, or to the Author's account of bis Prufian
MafeftyS moftcal performance.
The Author iva\ curled to one of the interior apaitnv
the palace, contiguous to :h- concert-so**), atid in which the
'I tf;c King's lunJ were u.ut ; ■ • i 1 h -rsd»
■ >m lie could JiMii sngStf
ftfgi on t!ic flute, or cxcrciJing hin.lclt in difficult passages,
flnd. H<- (.err irrt with th
lebratcd l-'/anci* Bcnda, his MajcHy'* concert mailer, whom he
had before feen, and * found to be a plain* obliging, fenr.ble
man, and p< I all the modefty of a truly great ^eeu'ua.'
The great repoiadon which th i haj acquired has br»n
founded on his * graceful and irtcciing competitions fur «h?
violin,' Md on c bt! cxprcfljvc manner of playing oo that N
ftrument.' He is indeed, (*•,% the Author, l lo vtty artcCti»jt
player, anJ fo truly pathetic . . that fevctaJ aWc
prnteflari have assured mr, he I dy drawn tears fr
them in performing one/
Here likfcwife the Author wat inrroduc.-d to M Qtianfz,
ic honour of inftruwt .-- hia J'xuffiaii Majetty on the
Barney *s frtfmt Stab *f Jtetfic in Gtrautny9 Jiff, 1 1 y
in fiutc, at one time, it fcems, at (he cVidcnt hazard c!
neck- It wa bv stealth, the Author i if for mi in, rhar tbii
Prince rndsjlfctd ins lirottg pafion tor mullc, during the life of
hi» rather; who rvo: <Hllj I ftodj and praflifc
rhit art» hut even to heir mufic. The Prince however clan-
ittLnrly drfobcyed thefc injunction!, and frequently took the
tfpottuoity, furnifhrd by a hunting part cting hit mu-
fscuns, and gratifying himfclf wi;h a conceit performed cither
» foreft or cavern. Thii fecrec* was indifpenfibly neceflary;
fef% aid? the Author, l if the King hla father had difcovcrcd
taut he was difoheynfi, all rhefr fons of Apollo would hire in-
curred the danger of being hanged/
While the Author was eenrerfing with M- Quant?., the gen-
Otmcn of the band were Summoned into the next room. —
* The concert began by a German flute concerto, in which
ho Majesty executed" the folo puts with great preciaoo j hi*
tmkmhwrt was clear and even, hi* finger brilliant* and his taflr
a«re and fimple. I wa* much pleafcd, and even fur prized with
the neawefs of his execution in the Alitor as* as welt aa by his
tsmrvnaon and firettng in the 44 i ihort, his performance
farpnlled, in many particular?, any rising I had ever heard among
;, nr even profeflbr*. Hii Maj-lry played three long
and dimc-.it concertos fuccefSvcly, and all with equal per*
I
it ffisft be owned, that many of the pafijgcs in thole
pieces of M. Quant/, are now become old and common ; but
this dors not prove their deficiency in novelty when they were
p ■!( :. j^ fomtofthem have been nude more than 40
Quants hat not been permitted to pub-
thcrr, as they were or finally ca-mpofed for his Majeily,
havi en appropriated to his off, yet, in a fe-
of years, other coinpofci* have hit upon the fame thoughts :
with ii.ul-e ai w.ih delicate wine?, which not only become
fiat ami insipid, when expofed to the air, but which are injured
by time, lioactcr «wtf iift.
■ M. <^oamz bore n» other part in (he performance of the
concertos of dj-nijrfitt than to f.ivc the time with the motion
of ha hand, at the beginning of rich movement, except now1
and then to cry cut brave f to his royal fcholar, at the end of
rhe folo parts and eloiVs; •. -.-.% to he a privilege allowed
torso Dther rmjftcian of the Sand. The cdcnccs which hit
;rtade were gfio.l, hut very long and ftudied. It is cafy
aatriiscovrr that thefc concertos were cortipofcd at a time when
he did- nr* fa freejueruiy requite an oppofl breathing as
at prefent ■ for in ,rotac of the divitlon$. which were very long
art Jiftcull, as well as in the cfofca, he was obliged to :*ko
fiss breath, contrary to rule, before the patTapc* wtic hrv\tts«A.
21 $ BurneyV fnfem Stoti rf Mxjki* G*m$njt &*•
* -After xhe fa three concertos were ptayed^ tbf concert o/-{k»
night ended, and I returned to Potfdam * but not without, W*J -•.
dcrgoing the tame interrogatories from all the cefitiucl^ **j(j0
had-;bcfore done in my way to Sans-Souci.* , , , noi1
M. Quantz informed the Author, that the fir ft of thefe cqn-^
certot was made by him 20 years ago, and the other two bad, 2
been compofed 40 years. He told him, that his Royal fchoia^, ,
played no other concertos than thofe which he had exprefslx 0
compofed for his ufe, which amounted to 300. Thefe, wito^
nearly « many folos, upwards of 100 of which have been <xxan
pofed by the King himleif, his Majefty performs in regular jtch,,.
tation every evening. — * This exclufive attachment to the pro^
du&ions of his old mafter/ fays the Author, ' may appear fume--'
what contracted ; however, it implies a con (tan cy of difpQ&uo%
but -rarely to be found among princes.1 — * The compofitions of,
the two Grauns,' he immediately adds, ' and of Quantz, ,havc f
been in favour with his Pruftian Majefty iron than forty yeai>ijr
and if it be true, as many aflert, that mufic has declined an£
degenerated fince that time, in which the Scarlauis, Vincta,,^
Lcos, Pergolcfis, and Porporas flourifhed, as well as the grcatcjj^-
fingcrs that modern times have known, it is an indication of ^j
found judgment, and of great difcernment in his Majtfty,, ,!(»._,_,
adhere thus firmly to the productions of a period which may bfc,;
called the Auguftan age of mufic ; to ftem the torrent of caprjee
and laQu'on with fuch unfhaken conftancy, is poffcnlng a, lcin>| ..
of JliS fa!, by which Apollo and his fons arc prevented. jJRMxi
running riot, or changing from good to bad, and from bad $p,lj;
worfc/; \^j
That this is not ail pure and unmixed panegyric on j^j-
Pruwatv Majefty's tafte and difcernment, in making a jud^cioua^j
and well-timed (rand againft mufical innovations, wc may eolfj,.,-,
led not only from the tontliticnal form of the apparent compli^,
men 1, but lilcewife from the general tenor of the Author's ntylflr.?
fical opinions, as fcattcred in different parts both of his former ««
and the prcfent publication, arid (Mil more particularly deljvpr,^;..,
under the prefent article. In both thefe performances he bas£p
frequently, and, in our opinion, very julHy confidcred ijie rau^*, ,'
cal art as having received, in our own times, very confidcxa^U£: ,
improvements, both in the articles of compofuion :anfl ger^;,
formance. He fpcalcs very plainly, and particularly, to the^re^
lent point, in the following detached parages ; which however*
we (hould not omit to obferve, are preceded by fome others, in Q,
which praife is very liberally, but with due discrimination* bf ■
flowed on the late chiefs of the Berlin fchool •. ■ "• " a
— — '. i ' . , .1.1,11^
••'The ehapel-mafter Graun died in 17^9; his brother not k>ng:.'
ago ; and Mr. Qyantz not much above a month ago, as the puwoni
papers feavc informed us. " . ,v»rf
* Though
Burncy'r frtftnt 9tan tf Mufie in Grmmrr, <*r» tic)
4 Though the v/o-Jd.' fayt the Aithor, « is ever rolling on,
:-. moficiana •, defeating tt& motions, hare long
I. — I did no* fine chat the ftyle of cocopo-
tt»on, or manner of exccutioi cb hit PruiHan Majelly
-ehed hinvclf, fulfilled *. of perfection. Here,
.1 cifeufx/c, I fpeak according to my own feeling*: howcT«*
i wnuM be prefumptiai; in mc to oppofe my Angle judgment
to that of fo enlightened a Prinze ; rt, luckily, mute were not
■ of tlvc grea;cit part of fcuropc . for, (huuld it be
lilowcd, that hii Prolan Majetty has raxed upon the AuzuiUn
if. of :. appear that he has placed his favour
open the beft compoicrt or" that aj*e.' — He a'rerwardi obi'crvei,
. Leo, FcOi Handel, and many other* who
' tbc beft tiroes of hii Majefty's mutual favourites—
• name* a;e Rf!-ri;n n Berlin, *ikJ more fworn by than
ihofe of Lot] hi,' — arc in hi* opinion fupctior to
J genius.
* T . jwever, f^liifm* in this city as clfcwhcrc •, but
htrttKi ire obliged to keep their opijitont CO themtei've*, while
bwfc of th-: clLbLfoeneiu may fpeak o»i : fur though a univca>
here, a* to different (eit% of chriftiarw,
mvfic, whoever daics to profefc any other tenet* than
tiofe t .! -7, is fure to be pcrffcuted."
if hod dtlpotilm which maeics and directs all the
i-nti and concerns ol this country, tit
extended fo ixr r.t to check even the unruly motioot of a liddle-
iliclt, or the pine of a tajfrniot at tlte opera. If a performer
\: from the ftric^ letter of the Icore, by
(0a altering, or dim in i I <£c in the part
lefcre him, though poffibly to its impro.-nvene, an order il
him, Dt frr U Rti% to adhere thicily :othc notes writ-
ten by thccnrnpofcf at hii peril — Qjr xd ifl narrt fldfir. When
c:<rpchtiosu arc good, and a finger or performer is licentious,
fay* Of.tr r\ B) be «u excellent method ; hut * ccr«
tits o.it ill taiic and refinement. So that cnufic u truly
ry in thu country, his Majcfty allowing no more liberty
ii trat thin he does in civil manors of government ; not con-
ble moiuidi of the live*, fortunes, and bull*
aefr ©/ hts Vubjeds, he even prefenbes rules to their mofi in-
aceenc plcalut ^^HN1"' '
Variety feem* lb neceflary an ingredient ro give a poignancy
lo all pteafurcs, tbat one cannot help being aliomlhcd at the
the Author meant not to include l ±r\ P.
£»a**«l Bach, Or Francis Bcnda \ who, « he elfewhcrc obferves,
l-»e perhaps been the onlv two, of nil the mulicum that have beea
in cbe frrvtxe of PrcftU for more than jo years, who have dared to
; t ;c a ftf*e of tWr own.
constancy with which hi* P/uffian Majefty reject cvetl t>
exquisite novelties, replete with tatte an4 invention, ai
jo^ion eotKcnte4fy> and <*a«lv lepeactng the monotonous pro-
docliotn of hi> old r.iaflci*. Perhaps the hint contained in the
following paragraph, and which is thrown out by the Attrhot
on another octaiioi»» nay, io fooic mcafurc, clear up thb dif-
ficulty.
Though the K. of PmiTia, on hit aeceffion to the throne, lS>d
in his fervice (oxnd muficUm of the firft abilities, j*et it it o%-
fcrved that he honoured the Rjlc of hi* favourites abovtmen-
ffontd more with hit approbation, than that of any oihrrof
ht* ferranta who poflctlcd greater originality and reMrr
* but hi» Majesty/ fi)-s the Author, ' havrrrg early attached*
imtelf to an internment which, from its cosinned powers, ha
rc/» good mu6c compofed far it tbxn any o*ncr in con-
ation ufe, was unwilling, perhaps, to encourage a boldnefs irt
iety in cornpofition, which his infixument would not allow
ion to participate/
Afic* all, as the Author obferves, matters of fentimenr, and
mere ottje&s of tallc and fcelina", cannot eafily be reduced* to
amy standard of perfection. The tafte which hrs Majcfy
adopted very early, and Hill invariably adheres to, ii, ai we hare
aire*Jy remarked, that of about lortf ye.ira a^o. G:
that mh r\*y have been an excellent pexiod for tompofitiwi,
• 1 cannot intircly fubferibe/ fays the Author, * to the opi
F ihofc who think mullet am have discovered no »
rorth adopting fine* that time.' After partrculaHm^-fbmecf
sctV, which arc peculiar to the modern muftc, and which every
tan potletTed oftafte and reeling iruft confider as real impreve-
ot the zrt, he reminds us, that the prtftice of decryirnj
mufical innovations is or* very amtirnr landing ; that even m
the bcit part of the cera abovementioned, the e!dcr mufl^H
and perfo:is in year*, * Clied out againft the innovattn
levity of the younger. And no period can be named fince
lime of Plato, who l.Vcwrfc complained
oiultc, in which rt has not been laid to be corrupted by f
rxoicrm-
• Mankind/ the Author afterwards tery tenfiWr ofr served
will certainly judfee of their own pleafures -, and it h natural
to fvppofr, that when a new (tile of competition ot perform;'
C prevails among the refined part «. I
ethrrtg more capti' itii in it than tIv»t whirh they quitted.
However, capiice, vanity, ard fondneis ior firsgularrtj' en c*t
iidci a:\iobhinacr. pride, and prejudice un the other, wrffl^
ways make it difficult to reconcile different leds, or to
iiue between truth and falfchood/
drtirt
Burnc/i prrfi*s Stay *f M*Jk in Gwm**j% <*f. %%%
\Vc take our lea**©* Berlin with *» much reluctance a> we
acd Vienna liuc if would ucc up too much roam
*.c( ctea hi the cnaft curfory manner, the variety of
cunou* oaucr contained in th»s atiicte. We (nail only par-
uifc the, entertaining and well written fketchej ui the lives
•i M. (Juant*, ami of tliat original genius, the lung's prcl'cvic
concert mailer. Franco Bcrvia. From Berlin the Author pro-
ceeded to Hamburgh, on leading which place he i topped forne
liou a; HreoKn. lie then entered (he Low Countries, and'io
late* the ob(emtioj» made by him at ArnAerdam, Hieeierr,
particularly deferring the celebrated or^aa of thai place. Ley-
cen, the Hague, and Kottrrda.ii, at which city he ended hit
tour. Wc Lh .11 terminate our extracts from lh*» wc :k by *i$^
iaf. a few particular* of the acci u I vifit to Haaifurek,
v here he had the p lea fur e or" hearing ami centering war; the
aierwatcc Carl. Pbtlafi Emanuel Bach ; to whom he watt intua-
daced by M. Etc) tt£, toe ingenious translator ot ms ieattm
Mir into the German language. The Autho»'» account of ih*
Eiud original cooapoicr is delivered re* emar/f but at the
lion i a manner, a« kavea no room to doubr the
' the eulngiunu The following de.-;chcii estra&j, ereo
ta ihcu mutilated Hate, do equal honour to the character and
uleotc of this great ouficun, anil to cbr knowlt^e, tatte> aj*d
Kcr,
« Hamburgh,' fa)* the Author, * i> noc, at prefcar, pofHrfird
«f ajiy my'ieal profo/Scr of fcfeat •nainenee, except Mr. C\ P.
Emanuel Bath ; but he ia a k^iya 3 1 bad king tuntcmplmNi,
.-lighc.'i delight, hit elegant and original compoJitioni ;
Lacy bad created in me (o itcong a delirc to fee, axid co near
uun, that I warned po otto muficaJ testation c«» vita thij citjfej*
—XL Bach received the Author with groat kindncf»» but irao*
y (aid, that be wai adorned to think how fmall hit re-
ua>r4 would be, foe the trouble he had nkeu to vifit Hamburgh.
u You *fe? conic Ueie, uid lie* fifty years too late." — He tiicd
anew pi*** f*rt<* and in a wild, carclchs manner, threw away
(•ought* and execution upon it, that would have let up any
ooelile. — He uAd meat my departure, that there would before
pwor r.iut.co4 hu neiUi.m J in St. Cjtticnoe'a church the next
ich hr 3UmI«\I me not to bear. Mi; pkufantry removed
m tt wnlwut i ;hat refpeel and vcncraiion for
:h hit worlt!. I>*d nifpircJ roe at a diflance.*
ii account of a fobUX)u«n( *iiitt l be played to me,' iayi
tic A biWfMHi CUvidioru, uiitc tiUita*
axnr four of his choicuft and mod; didpeuit corope-
JUvurv, v iluracyt picciiion, and Ipirit, £or which facie
. celebrated Air-on- hit countrirneo.' In the pafiame
mi flow movcmcjU3, whenever he road a long dmc to t*v**£*»
6 **
ill Bcmtfs prtfott Skttr tf Mwfc !* Gtmatft &K
he abfolutcly contiivcd tt> produce, torn Ms rnftrumertt;
of farrow and compUint, fuch t» «»n only b« ctTcclcd up
cJavid»rJ> and rxrhapr by himlVif.—
* After dinner— I prevailed opon him to fit Aomn ac
a clavichord, and he ith li-.tlc irUertBlflton til
eleven o'clock at nighr. During this tiro*, lie grew 1
mated and ptffcffid-% true he not on!v played, but looked Irkc ol
anfnired. Mis eye* werr ftxeO, hn under lip fell,
ctterveiccr.ee diltillec from his countenance. He fjid,
were to be fct to work fiequcntW, in this, manner, be
grow young again.'
Speaking of bi» compofrtiona the Wjitci .icknowWdg<
* the ftyle of this Author i» fo uncommon, ttwt a liitle pi
ncccflary for the enjoyment of it. QirintiHlfl nude a rclH
die work* of Cicero ike criterion ttt a v-iuri* orator's *xh
ment in his ftudics j and thofe of C lJ. B. Estcka may
u towchitonc to the tiftc ami difecrnment of a ycurig mi
Complaima have been made auainlt his pieces for
dijpiuky famaftUy and far-fdthtd. In the firfl paitkular,
left defenfible than in the ret* \ yet the fjult will ad.
extenuation ; for Wr&, ia a niu
expected in Germany, that an author it thought barren
ideas, who leaves eff til! every ihfng bii been faid whieh
fubjea Aiggefh.
* &y>, and /j^rv,rr, are rtUrrrt vhtt ii called a
word by a perfon of no education, may he very familiar
fcholar. Our Author s v,oilu are niorccUffieuIt t
to fxmu. A* to their being ftmtaftkoi *i
cufation, if it be jurr, may be lottencvl, by alleging,
boldcft flrolccs, buth of melody and mod trial;;? i, art i
confonant to rule, and fupported by' Itarrtiri*; and tbac k
lightt arc not the wtMSwmf* - »cc or madiv
theefYufionj of cultivated gerrfus. Hfa piece*, therefore, w
be found, upon a ciofc cxainirmion, W Ke fo rich in In
tafte, and learning, ibar, with all rhr fault* laM tot>ir ircl
each line of them, if wire drawn, would furnish more
ideas than can be rjlfeovcrvd In a whole - >
compofrtiona that have been well receded by the public.1
The Author, in another place, points «» MtOhg1
•f refemblance in thochariv ill preatmufician,
the younger Scarlatti. ' Doth,' he obfervr viUH&i
and popular compofert, regtrded as ftandards of
all tbeir cotrmporatic*, exec . ier»; who1
to explore new ways to fame. l>om
tury ago, hazarded notes of taitc and cftrtt, at wWch crt*i
■ttmcians have but jut srriseO, aid to winch rrx jmbi ■■
bat hteiy reconciled \ Emanuel BflCt>j in WW manrVery***
^urney'i fntftm S:au 9/ M<*f* in Gtrnonf* lf<. 11$
to bare<»udl»ipt his age' — la hn latt ft* concerto!, lite'? p»ao-
> iUv , he hi* it 1 ri»rd to be c^fy v freemen: . ,:thor th.nlet,
at the cxpcncc or his u&ul originality ;■ * however, the erc<e
<:i«n appears in every movement, and thet« pcodtic'tfons W tl
ftobably be liic better received, for resembling the mufic of
ibis, world ommc than nil formei piece?, which icem nude for
another region, or at icatTanothcr century, when what n now
ihow-ht difficult ftnd far-fcecbed will, perhapt, be familiat And
I o the othcT particulars here Riven, relating to this exalted
genius, the Autnor rm idded » dialogue of I ial com-
petitions, for the fatiifaciion ot thole who may wsGi to procure
them here, where thry .ire in general but little known. They
vtrc produced during his rtTidcocc at Berlin, where he co*u-
iwei, irty ycara in the fcrvicc of his Pruttun MajcJly,
and where a Hyle o( nunc prevailed totally different from his
own. Af:er ictxatcd folici le obtained his difmiifiun in
67, on being invited to fuccccd Telcmann as mufic dirceloc
at Hamburgh, where he has continued ever fincc. From the
present low ftarr of mufic in this city, thii man, who * vai DAT-
taioiy born to write (or grcit performers, and for a rcrincd au-
dierwe,' is hrre evidently out of his element ; but, on the other
y» indcpcndance and content, which, we imagine,
are doc eafily to \<r hud in the dominions of Bramlenourgh. In
a converfation with the Author, he told him, * (hat if he was
in a place where his compotitions could be well executed, and
wttl heard, he (houM ccitamly kilj husfelf by exertion* to
plcafe. M Bjc adieu, Mafic ! now. he faid. rbefc /.re -cod
people for foeiety, and I enjoy more tranquility and iudepen-
dwee here, than at a court i after I was tifty I gave the thins
. and fail!, let ut cat and drinlc, for to-morrow we die ! xnd
I am now reconciled to my fituation , except, indeed, wlun I
meet with men of taftc and difcemment, who defer vc better
^nwean gire them here | then, 1 t>Iu(h fur mylelr,
my good frkndl the iLunburghcrs."
The fpecimens which we ha\c given of ihis wore render any
aUetvaiiou) on (be very confpicuoui and various men (a of ic
■boHy uunccellary. We foall only obferve that, at the tame
t the jr t^uifslivc mufical Reader will here nice: with
Nil 4ti*i agrerahlr information, i: is conveyed >t\ fo
ukakng and familiar a manner, as to be micrafting, andintclii-
g>Mc# eves to thole who do not orofefo or cultivate mufic.
Tot • t\- Jrc prefixed the Aot 1 , yofals fox
p*'«tit)£ °r fw^fcriptiou the Gmaal Hi/isrj of thai an, lor the
4at*on ol which he undertook hi* Lie p«i marches
a(:er new sad c ir.ous aauc jcc» July, and Gcimauy.
r"r»fn this, psper it spprajj taat the wocli \% m %^x\ Iwwti*
C twtW v
nefs ; but we find liitrwi fe chat Che further
lioMiofi, of if, will depesd on the fcvou/abfct racxfttoa of the*
proao/ai*. On tb» occalVxi we can only txprew oar bcttfjp
that the Author may race! wjUi that encouragenene tara
lire public, to which* on f© many account, ho appear* to* hffi
a veryjuft claim.
Aar. XI. JU*/fr*ti*» *f Ktntrsi h, fiery; wherein arc extibiccd «*-
ward* of aao Kignre* of wcotic Infect*, according to theii
reotGeoe.M. roj fc.v of which fca»c bithcito been figured fey ui
Author. Engraved and coloured from Nature, with '.*z g.catcj
Acr si
pU:«. V.'iih a ;»aniculu Defcriplionof rich Infect: interl
Remarks and Rclleccion on the Nnture and Krop«f lies C
maay of them. By R. Drury. Vol. II. *to. it. 11*. d
Bu-ru'j. Wi4t:e. »
IN our 43d vol. p. 116 — 120, we gave an account of
t- lit pare of thefe elegant illullrations of o;ic uf the
pleafin^ brvncliev of fta.iur.-l hiftory*. Io that ankle wc
explained Mr. Drury's plan, and gave our impartial
nicndation of the manner in which hi* wuilt, fo far as
at that time earned, was executed. Thia very in^tflfl
then complained, in Ms preface, of the little.
H; countrymen to natural faiftory. We, in our Review
S:>ok, ex pre fled our hope that he would fee Caufc li>
rhis opinion, and that the cjicouragcrrcnt he might
would prove one fortunate circumtttncc towra;--
of his error. The event has been anfwenible both tol^^l
wiibes 1 and he now gratefully declares io his preface
fetf publication, that he has * ifec grated ret fori to be
that head j* that the world ■ has gencroufl^ encouraged I
attempt;1 that the fecund volume ' owes its appearance
caufc i' that the quick falc * of a grei: number of
the fir ft publio.ii ii, was a proof of the great piu
hiflory ha* made;* and gav* him * the utm
tinuation might be equally ac '.ted on tl
plan, and rendered at agreeable, by the c-xcriion of the
abilities.'
The Author h« fubjoinrd a remark or two, which
to be tranicribej into a literary journal, becaufc th<
t-hara&eriuu-, in fome refpofts, of the
Great Britain.
* It i> a plcaJIug rcSc&ioii,' faya Mr D
the great ftrides natural hiflory ii making in thil ^^M
well aa in other parts of the world . md ;he • . .
on iht varioui luhiec"h of nature, that have m
ancc vri;hjn thefc lift three or four uaxa, j a
every man of * I J tbe-ajreatelt faiiifacl*
*©e per fix* Allied in natural history, i mo Mag i
jfdfi from men of rank and property, bcc
;<> dm refpvdrre abilities. Sonic are encouraged tu purfll
foieiRii pom, and tmcthgatc toe (ccrcts of rva-
_ ifcc trees aod pints; others ate employed in dif-
mmrm ► countries, and fearching the ihores of coafts h:fh*rto
~ah»o»p, for fubjecb thct will cuhcr aft'osd profit -or (pecula-
te plenurr ; white the artite at home is not neglected, but
mews the rewind his merit entitles him < ..'
>icrvw, however, thit ■ Natural Hifbary hi* )efs
vm&m to c#*f/ the favour and protection of mankind than many
otfcer branch** of knowlcge; *1 the purfttit of it, either at a
fa'crsee or i-T.ufcrrKnt, it lo replete with pleafurc, thai it U
ksrdly pofible :o icfufc it our approbjtioa ar.J encouragement*
— ind we arc often flirnuUted to porfue it, from the ipptu-
irvce of that inexh tainracnt it is fare to
atford. \r it thereforv left; to b* wondered ;it, that publi cat ions
co tbefc fubjects are more n urncrouj than formerly ; w the <!c~
foe of communicating knmvle^e ami happinefs it irrefutable,
taf men, fur their own fakes* will he induce-.1 to follow the
af un.-tllayed pleufure Ires within
'— Thie i> HfJ true i at the firne time that it re-
Tr. D'« own acknowlcgemcnu of (he favour of the pub-
of reaJbning, thofe- of every o:h,-r writer)
uerptjtnrnt. — Hue every thing ibftt M l\t*JfeNU ij thh.
[peel to mi particular, ;t is here farther
the many publications tha'. pcarcd on that
•4fe two jwort, are proofs hove well work* of
. And yet our ingenious-Artirt hnda rej-
nt of curj ! attention to (hi* branch
jr«I knovrlcgc an on '<* o( people ifl rc-
Hl that we are Jcpi . .
fes and observations on the natural lnftory of :
h arc fo beautifully dt:
aad fo accurately ekfcribeJ, in tins volume, and with which we
wfrt To well fatisficd in tic fir/l. * J mentioned, fayi he, my
nton tj the - ii r in m; formrr aridreft, in which 1 1
WioJ by repeated proofs; and nottvithihnimg
mble I luve been a'., nut ui.ly i:i ;.m »-
the fu'jtcisof the prefent volume, but in ende:v.>u*in^
UpraJ hitVuy offcmc of Uic moft CAtraorJin-i
c pot been able to obtain one fmgle |>h;cc of
i be IjJ before toe public.
no purpofe, continues Mr. D. to make
into the i«jfoni of thi> want of curiollty aoiorva;
In drrtwit c/teiare*. more than 1 V»xvc a.\if*Aj
". ////. Q_ W4VX*
tit MoMTiitr Cataiocv*, P*tM.
done. 1 find ic 11 To i end whether it proceeds from aa rU-
judffd pride* in chinking fiich minute aniinaS below l%tk
noticr, ut whether ft arife* Iroru that languor of mind,' [which
wt think the moil probable] ' ai well js uf body, than gcooaJlr
pr*Yihi in warm rtrenjatW, it a matter of no cocfequence to
oiankin I i '!*e world is nut benefited by il>
mult be content to remain in our prefent ignorance, til! Pro-
v.dcnce Hull think proper to give us a feconif S -cammer dam or
Rc-in i. . *ud place bin* at a tliiUut part uf the globe for
the advantage of the human nee.'
Jt is Ln;;:ci.lTjry to prolong the prefent article, fmlier thin
to in^rni our Reader., in nearly the word* o* the Author, thit
the fame plan, of giving jujk and accurate figures, which vx
followed 111 IN fitfl v.'i laired in CnJf| tint thee*-
moil care &nd riccty has been ohferved, both in tic outliatt
and engraving : that nothing '» ftramed, or carried beyond uV
bound* which Nature ha> fa i an J th.it whoever will comrare
the engraving* with the originals, will, the Author flatters ka*>
fclf. allow, that nothing >» borrowed Irom fancy i or art? coloaf
i to an intrir, which doci not icJij cxiil b the fubjctl
intended 10 be reprefented.
The Author concludes his addicfc with acknowledging tn»
obligations to thole friends to whom he is indebted for a git*
nmbci of figure* (hat form a confi^rrabtc part of this wxfc.
miny of which, he allures u*» arc fo very rare, at not to be
met wilh in any cabinet but thai 9/ Dr. Fscbtrfifi.
MONTHLY
For S E 1' J
CATALOGUE,
E M B L R, 1773.
POITICAL
Art. 12. lift A&itmh Sfitrtfmart ; 4f, a IS'inttr ': D*t : A I\x».
By the Rev. Gerald FitagcraJd, Frilow of Trim:/ College, DeV
tin. ^(o. 11. JoH niton. Reprinted from Uir Dublin EijbO*-
■773-
THE Author, La kli dedication, turpc-tr*, fc» fubjoft to be w*.
but in this he i D, It has been treated bv many laf-
l.;K jiocu, by Cay la particular; *nd a b*r<!. « "v». 'for aojhi**
know, n>. . • living, h.u written an rrk>j>*+ (imf.rjfdly c»
partridge (hooting. Neverrhrlr!*, r* ('■» *vida a /VaV there hraw)
toScient ' iters to <'<apat»aie free ," .fxl Urn poeacal
fportfman promifcj at no indiffrrcit <ntei»«intnccit( +kul* is ^
piAuief^uc mincer he feu out in a eoonusg 1
a UJt Wwan i'T< icra the ncw-fico'R,4i iaor« aBafevT
And IprriJ it> panioiu to the polat Ikies,
(Apoiadcd air with gelid Iragt&atat ijb. .
fl*ace the ;liv4 arrte*. nod anunatc the raun i
Monthly Catalogue, Pnikat. n?
dwifc fiera tic college* 'aaoVfiom cite* I
droo* earo fcl'ch fumetking nr«<)
4lc« :'ar t»iiir.t'» fean,
ptuej ol three tluXiU*;! v#*r»;
i* kutu i-ic$ flrcoj *nh £u)£vinc hoi** 1 (lUc ,
■ ,,
■ call,
i he a all ;
I ihops* their commerce laid,
Is tf.lv i like rnar-iicrs of the dead—
Site, where the foot i eric* <€ fwtt?,n
Or drowfjr watchman flaUci in broken lUftp,
:m «.<e bot-brao/d youth a* KudiHghe fame,
Whole mirth i* uuic-hicf, ai»d whale fcloiy lautnc—
l»4:tcr'd beau,
lOttViBfl iepacoirie* reeling to and (,o—
rreels of rbej night
■
■ the loofc .'OtenelybolJ.
bo ft, divided empcrc hold.'—
.Uioui urccih ! the j rcy of painon't tii!r,
inr, and the mock of pride.
• Bu; t r, n.v {nn&i with iiaii iar dirf 'rent borne,
Bock the fair tdd:, *ud coon the bluflimg mum .
;><:*»♦ bitiih the frozen f«ov/t
■Jours Om low.
it ilKirr, prcJori
Lrj.v rev vwTj •/ health /> «*#.•
Tkrf following noble and well etprelTcd fctitimcnti fit rerv ;
-My on thi» rcrerccu n, hgwere. uncommon they may b?
tHMfr^oc fr-i he field:
* W< i* a ! wh#: delights m> aflive mind renew,
• my view,
of fpnngled white,
1 ■Mih purple tif;bt|
bop., from Ipray to foray,
i h fdf-l IqnSd flay;
The morning breric in milder air retire;.
And riftng Mpt«ir* all my hnfom lirei,
eajj waited to the throne on fc I f ^
To hiiu who JoriZiM ike cjuih .tie Cty,
Who* give* ok health ;.nj > jgour to ea}cy,
Guitac* nc r'en now, and guarded v. hen a boy*-*
Accept, g?e*t^»:>o ! the fervour of my peay'r,
Afid ai before, continue rtiU thy cue,
l:.M i »itw 1'bcc :n creation'* dl
fie wine to praiac! bee, a> 'ti» toice to blcfs.*
TWttanca om tfcc ocath or the »oodcoeat will remind tiie R
of Pope's benvtitu! liot* on tlie Jail of a phrjfanc; but the Iiifh
woodcock boa a pathetic ■ ince in bi« favour? wMcb. the %J0^-
lift pheafaat kad a*T, in tfiar a* had fled to the plict vram Ve wet.
<4.J U»
'*",
44$ Monthly Catalogue, PonUah
his fate for ah afylum from the rigours of his proper couitjy. 1
reflections arifmg on that circumflajKC will call other thoughts tl
thofc of cnticifrn to tic mind of every honcfl Hibernian i
• Ali! what avails him now the varniuVd die*.
The tortaife-colour'd back* the brilliant eye,
The pointed bill, tLat fteer'd his vent'rous way
From: Northern climes, and dar'd the boift'rous fca ;
To milder Oiorc: in vain thefc pinions fped,
-Their beauty Mailed, and their vigour fled.
• Thus the poor pcafant, ftruggling with diflrefi.
Whom rig'reus laws, and rigid hunger prefs,
Jn weilcrn regions fecks a milder flate;
Braves the broad ocean, and rciigns to fate ;
Scarce well arriv'd, and lab'ring to procure
Life's free fubfiflence, and retreats fecure,
Sudden1, he fees the roving Ikdiak nigh,
Fate in his hand, and ruin in his eye—
Scar1d at the light, he rum, he bounds, he Hie?,
Till arrow- piercM, he falls— he faints — he dies,
Unhappy man ! who no extreme could fliun,
By tyrants banifh'd, and by chance undone;
In vain ! fair virtue fan'd the free- born flame,
Now fall'n alike to fortune and to fame.
4 Botwhy, mymufe! when livelier themw I fougfctj
Why change the rural kenc. to fobcr thought ?
Why roufc the patriot ardour in my brcall,
Ufclefs its glow, when Friidom droops deprtft ?
Not mine to combat luVrys lordly ftride,
My humble lot forbids th' afpiring pride,
Forbid* to Hop depopulation's hand
That crufhes industry, and frights the land,
Thsrrob* the poor of half their little ftore.
And infurrcftion fpreads from fliore to more* x
• Thefc to prevent, be (till the fbtefmanYcnd.
And this the talk of sovereigns to attend.'
Mr, Fitzgerald appears to poffefs indifpnrable talent! both for
flection and defcriptioa; the latter of which he exhibits, very *r
ably, in another place, when in want of refrelhmcnt he (ccks "
cottage of the hind"
■ That yonder fmokes, by ruflet hawthorn hedg'd,
The fmiling matron joys to lee her guefls,
Sweeps the bioad hearth, atd hears our free reou*fl«L
Repels her little brood that throng too oigu»
Tiic homely board prepares, the napkin dry.
The new-made butter, and the rawer rare.
The new-laid egg, that's drefs'd with niceft
The milky ilore, for cream collected firii,
Crowns the dean nogya, aud sAUyi our thirft;
Mr peter K
itnorphafcd into
MOVTHLT CATALOGUE! Pc4U
While eraefciJng r*gf>04s hrijrhV.ua ■ *. :
fibrw the neai Cupboard, Jirt tt 'H rn
T
Tfcc niQti«it iii-ii i
Wlia unpctfeirM i fife- I 'i i .
CaU'd fltc attendl, alfi*i Ut'iUl artli
The Moon of nature I tm-faee,
Thi( fronts the die, tvfcfch pill. J ffidc cat Und,
And all the uci i. hicSk luxury attend.'
Art. i j. O.Zf m . in-
■
thrown ou: on occftfion of a fchertx
iwuidod to convert :kc b l" the Cfcfc<el it
JiO» loco kin ben Gj
Gar, tfee :
liflONtl :
J^oech1 J tremble to relate
c ills ia luturc day,
A cauliflower ni«.ll be th/ fcc,
rctci Ritut Gfl
i« in tliii fair, thu fragrant (pot
Sffcilt ad'roet pfantt igrvey,
TiviWbe deWd to the pot,
Sir PctcM Riieri j?ay.
la vaja joor cabbagM bead you'll rcXrB
fjilay,
Fite r\jtkin« h the price you'll bear.
Sir Pcicr Rr.cn Gay.
I*ay ftiroa eoccludei with the fame burthen, ir. which th< i
>£fa>ait, wc imagine, depend upon Ui« teveraftd baronet'* being
Ait. 14. Tb€ Sakcb\ tt% Afcttic Piundtrtrs, A fiuiricsJ Pqftm.
la a l)\ : Io£U* between a fr'ararfo and tiie Avtho*. To wbich
arc uonctcd, a f«w io^iti** Facets or' Poetry. 4(0. *s.*d.
ufcaer^y ih;,n of elegance in . which is
unoeroi P-ape's dialogue*. It i
sod c oft entirety <>( >«rr«4U&Mr. 'I'lic Writer** main ob-
:Se cruelty end r.tpaciir* of out countrymen in tho
Kali Fn4k*. 11 nnot be too touch applauded, aJthoeg*
•r i>.f 1 the LuoizicndjtuiD of uiv pect
aewe*. it atavc mediocrity: and the
J> * Vi*tism**f on iet' *U *j!etf i« /$# tri/ar, ^'*>tf A/'
• < -• .*. hctic, and excellent. Wo have tlvs
it they are, a' he f«v>, ' \ nttici, the Authv* rrf*
being oaam • • loueh a f;ieml in that unhappy fitua-
tioa tare \ t 1 for that little piece.*
(^j Art.
ijp ■ Monthly Catalogue; .?«#«/;
. : Cambridge. '4 to. 14.8)0; JJVijfi'. > 4771%
' Equally prurient »n4 impotent ; the produ^ra.W ffttf'VRa^.
npfl'cd«3 univerfny toaVaroni. " r ' ™'^ -WMp«B
Ait. 16; fhiFintt Lover; a Pcem/ ito. 'T*V Aifcif-' ■ '^3o
« But buja. my filly mufe {*?» ,f ■ y'% ' dj itil* t*
By all means, hulh !
jkltlfi ft* Pantheon ; a Poem. 410, 2 b, £ <jT /Williams.
. . WJ- 'ftltfFI/l
. The Author, prefumjng to. wield the laih of fatire, aim? .hit /o-
rioua ftroke*at a number of diftinguifhed perfons, whom he fuppoics
to be aflembled at the • Pantheon's fecne fublimc ;* but be,li.», the
goodnefs to difcrirninate the characters which pafs in review before
mm 4 and to favour fome of them with his panegyric." His veilu
are worfe than indifferent:— but we cannot defcend to cutidle an
Aajtbo^Who has not yet attained even the humble honours of the
fpelling-boolc. " ; " " "{* f
Art. 18. Tk'Poeii aPoem. *ro. 2s. 6d. Flexney: ".mjjj
. There arc good lines, and fpiritec! palThgcs, in, this poem; biitjitj
merit is greatly obfeured by the malignant perfonal abuf? Wfl|
which it abounds. It is (if we miitake not) the work of a 'ti&rd
whom we remember to have heard complain that he
" — Had long been buried in a mean fifh-HWi s**/-' .
And who feems to be one of , the lalt remains of that Caimuc-tri&e of
authors who are to be regarded a* the brood of ChurcbJilVfoaVAJ
and the heirs of his Billingfgate fortunes. ,. v " V:
Art. 19. TIm City Patricians i a Poem, 4t6, . as.^d; AHctt
1773- ,- M~ -.5/
Celebrates the Lord-Mayor and Court of Aldermen, in riup&£j(
not unworthy a defcendant of the great Settle, the famous city poet
of the lalt age. The Settle of. other times, indeed, Ihone only in
panegyric ; but the prefent Settle is a very Jnyebal at fatire *, and
lathes the Q\ty-Patrieia*s, as he calls 'cm, without mercy; A rem-
nant, however* are faved from his fury ; and Sawbridgt, Kirk ami,
and one or two others, are M honourable men." — Bull, Our bard
fecms to be at a lofs what to do with ; fls wc arc, to protouflfc
wnether he moll praifes or abufes him. Let our Headers doirkk»c,
if they can ; and take the lines for a fpeciincn : 1' 1 -.. a^\i\ '
Roufe Bull, for fhame ! nor indolently fit, * . J(r//
The dupe of artifice, or wicked witj ?oV s
Thou want'ft no aid, to UlitJIrate thy face, •- -*j «rroii
All know thon'rt honeft, who but know chy natritrxlil not
The mnnt therefore, we fuppofc is honeft in virtae oiv&itiarinH
fo true is the observation of Father Shandy, •*• that there -ivhifiaafigft
kind of magic bias which good or bad names •inefiflibly impwft 1
our characters and conduct.'* What pity that thecc.-aro n<* njore
Bulls in the city, and fewer Bears I .?» < ii!> or nil
• — ■ ' "' ' '■ 'vtp Msfcff
• We mould have fuppofed him to have been ibe-Aftth#^ ano.
of The Senators, and oiThe Pm/rrcim (fee Rev. vols, jflrj.-a^ci^li^
?Iad not he, himfelf, in a note, p. 3, commended thofe performances,
as ' two /ptrittd 9&& excellent pocras.'
Art,
fat. 1Q. Ciij PctTiaifmrffrkjid . a iV-rn
we.fL
a , -Aapthcr ion 0/ Ssith, bu 1 !eraj
ti a CCUiticr ; *ftij ^ h lets htJflOui.i
: U'ji 111, gets fi .!;!!« -; : rOUt>, k.
anti thu, n<x: anrnic^. he
' nUaiblata* on cccrt >Viw\,
And aei^hiyou; menti a* he weight h:> fir;i.
cafe fdf interclt prtmfhi
111 die icales.
.:■■..;';.. Xtt pfffi:
aeai*l Ch. he cbaraftcr ; for, whatever w« aaighc
. v-e have not the leail apprfifcen£on cl.
Id cbci: m la the weight of* pound of fl
Air. 21. hoffinffs; *<: it a* Form. 4E0. is. ilur«
rty. 1711.
The Au&or of this poem feem* to be an lioncfi inofienflve mans
aod therefore we wtih, with aII oai hem-, that he . him ft It*
wkat u e feave noc (bond hun, mailer of his fur
Sunj Triumfhznt ; cr, tht Ktntifi Mitt' DtfM, A
Ballad; beiog » Parod/ en Chirr Chat*. 4to. 1 t.
?$•
A l«e f-uaoas cricke; raitch, Surry a^alnil Kent #, for - - - :. r;
tie bail 0/ thit parody 1 tiu ingenious Aathor of which has bad in
view i'ocnnhin£ more ' than rn 1 rridR
U**sifml crig i'a* .', ami indulging which bat
..i(u lor iu foundatiou ; it bclog tail inttrtdoD to convey, at
:be fame time, a moral precept of no fmall importance tf» *U odM*
try Neighbour*, fait tnorxi u fully expreffed in (hv coocludii
God fare the King, and l*!efa the land
;u pler.iy and i . "eafc ;
And 2fant heneefoirii chat *& ^tf«'J
It. . .;■; ; •■ - */ ni/ ceafe !
N o v 1 t i,
Art. *j. ?'*.: R*h ; os tot /Mwtitargt if Ti/w ti . H \-
aJfafriag ftrilnng Piflurei or J.ifc. in qll in vane;; 1
tvrfperird with r,r I
well kao-.vft in the podiic WoiJd. Written by kl.mj»ij\ \imri~
xVoU. (fl. WUliaiM,
Sotac pans of Utbhitaorr of 4 flroltia^ l*i-*>cr arc £1 OH
tad Hbrrttn**, of tititi (ft:, Co read. Bui, although ihr cner< nr"
■odrfy tvoaM be frequently erixibnM by the uochaite «lc
illy oecur, poffvetil.iriy an iKe b> : v.nuaae, it m-jit b* a- ■
♦ Wc bare thui foeCt :h. .: ..!. rrrdy fort iafjuf-
i*<e to the KAraa/; bu:. in infhee Co our bcu *e ieu.4 oVftO'f^
thai t c j'tiTfi profe wav, <«/'^wi-
• The b't'rr m#n heide-4 br i.or^ 'lanicervillt, fcc (bq kco:i(H-
»c»i>ttbcD»riwofDorkt* 6.1 i I. race Maan. &c.
1%t MoKTHlY CAT ALOOtttV JPlhifliu
hrfg*#thsVtoWa*?i ibe au^flon*ttc*ry gtowtooral, fc+er,*
ew»pl»Ut.,; ::,.tr. v l'-:'!. /. ficirjJarfiufl . -\A vd aAi>M
The Author of l)i]»-*toticy perftwance (c«^% «</G*c,4a*J
P«a£fifli W'to*cAa|N«c^li*bder toe laJW ^boiioi » f«c W^fc»«-
fully abufcs the Reviewers : ti> ill do fome peopi* bc*r to *oit flf
their faults !— Yet he atfecla, at the fstme tine, ** hoM hit cenfatp.
in the moll fore reign contempt : in which particular circamftaoce
there ieeros room, to qheftion bii integrity J— for trjtt toattiip wooU
net have deigwd to act in the wretches. ** '• •*? -^A
Ait. 24. %hjmd tfftetx trf Dictptfa. ismo. YY4fc y*,106d.
ftwed. Jone*. 177$. '' ' ' " fcTl? ' >
■'' '^Ir^o^gh there wiiothin'g Terr extraordi wry in the CoMWWHl of
Aft tJovVV'fctt not ^entertaining or nninteteJriB*;'ibd'1^*iniili|
Inference, as1 implied hi the title-page, is import art f, artdciln tfWtfc
Be' -too ftrob£!y lmpreffed on the minds of young readers. * r ": JJ
"' v Dramatic.
An* sc. The Ptmtheonites, A Dramatic Entefaittri)etfc:\"»
'''''fferfonfled1 « the 'Theatre Royal in the Haymarket. 8W». "TU
- - ' A toleraWe farlefqfae on the aifecled gen tility a'n£ rJnalTtyAJiii of
people who, by the fad den acqnifitton pf riches, are raifed fronj 'mdt
'to, a faperior rank in life. The Author himfelf fpeaks of h inns>
' deft terms. 'He tells us, that it was haftily produced, to feii**'!
■performer of Angular merit* ;' but written under 4 Jglc**i*n
Jhlhd exceedingly difadvantageous to comic Idea) :' alluding to ft
fttal and irreparable event in his family. — Allowing for tWn u)
verable circamflances, benevolence will pronounce this'lltne"!
to poflefs confiderable merit. It will divert, either on 'thfe'**^
in the clofbt : and the Writer, we fuppofc, aimed it nothing '
Art. 26. fbi Trip to Port/mouth ; a Sketch of one 'A&ffittk
Songs. Svo. is% Waller, &e. 1773.
Our prefect race of comic writers feldom fail to catch the public
twtnti as well as the peculiar manners of the times ; in *hich purfiut
they meet with plenty of game, and they generally bring it io 2
good market ; a jubilee in Vv'arwickfhire, or a royal vific to a diiUnt
fea-port, warm'd up again, is fure to prove a welcome fcaft to (ha
I^ohdonera. ■
The late Naval Review, was an occurrence too notable to be over-
looked by our theatrical purveyor. Accordingly, the 1* attorn
George Alexander Stevens f has cooked it into a very tolerable.
jnefi, feafoned with humour and fun, and juiced to the palates of
ihofe who are frequenters of Foote's Ordinary in the Haymarket.
The drollery of this piece confjfls in the oddity of the characters
uTembled at Portfnvooth to>?« tfijbrw ; and (001c of tlic fecu'ej aie
joftly fatiricaJ, and truly diverting. : [ . ., ... - ... ., .
— ' ' ■ — ' 7 — .. : ..« .. - — \ .'•' m Ar .
, *• Mr. Welkin. — Mr. Foot? having, however, unupeoedTv (i
this excellent actor in. a way which rendered a new piece oi
1 fary, tbt Paqtbfwm, we are told, was perftrmed ftfcjf
■ Mf. Jewell. mt \ '' '^ _
" ' f "Famous for his Lc&ures on Heads*
$ An.
XfoffTMLr C*TAi.ncn«v *tyM«**-
*33
An. a?. 2m ai^-ora? : or, Uic Gipry. A Rariotu. Sc;
Mofic by Mr. Ituifaeifanoe. As performed at Mary W-R*i tiar-
tti.Au^ftji.f^:, 4,*»w il. Beefcct.
Wajcro *»«;e u flOliun^ to praax, in ike* ainoe dtaaut, three can
be tktte co fry : for,
- ! Wfco brak* a toftcr-fty of-wi th« wHrel "'
M i ? c r t i <v v .
Alt. 28, Tl, /? f£f ^ I : XfttaV
> which t l Caxic2tuwr
c IcslWc and inclination to attend to the cirouBa-
ilc /' 1 the detail of ;hciu cu«-
iCnpt.S^
illfMMil ■
*nu his companion! at tho
>//■ 7;uj Fiddly AV. Qccilioncd by his
to Mr. Garnet, for iLe Supprrftiun of rh«
*
. rr
icnti the Rev. ^.ji t.
irtue.
f /.//^/- Xfl KiV MiTS rtuaix?* AOT. QCClUOi
Reijueil to Mf. Garrick, fjr tbcSupprcJJiun
Bcggai's 1 i> which is aided, a PotMtript to D. G a ruck,
-j^T By William. AujuIIuj Mil.;, vo. 11. licll. 1 \r^.
The reum <\/#*/Yrwj. M-. Milts, who u a w.inn -tJiuircr of (fee
John, who, he fays, • is
■.,' in the midll of 'continued and uninterrupted
i-bigacy and debauchery,* could ■ ere or icri-
plication to have Mr. Ga I i*icd ojjera b«-
< count of ' the dangc:uin elicit it i\ fap-
c on the morals of the people:' and he i* ttastOA 1*
ha terms I r, that
vac iM* piece it acted, U " feooa one additional thief 10 ca«
If you arc rrally,* 6yJ Mr. M. * tmbutoui of corrertlftff the
aie*.4s of the peocJe, sad willing in prtfrrvc a number of your td-
jtture* Iror* aa tg^ominioiu Uca'.fc, fiipprefe thofe brothels
vnut hcigkboarhood ii crouded andd:fp Ac. —
in he COSlilKMB to inveigh itgainft the \ Mt-
: of Row 'ing him* hi* clerks, am! the fnho..
oSicrr. ith £reut icteric v. Ir a word, he confidi
. application, ' not or.ly as highly rHiculou*, but aa
fit ' a fcaaWalt it rcflcelion on the toc4 fenfc of the nation,
rue in i|uei!icn pal be:n l"> long and f«»
id mi the virtue of Mr. Cay, whofr purity ot
Eo in uncommon jr/mHnrh e>f heart, ought to bare
.im from the imputation ol endearounn^ to corrnp; toe
hii fellow citixea*.'— ll i» oecdJefs to point oat the iut«-
littlc to fiy in defence of the Beggar't Opera
a 1 neraf »*orit. TAe cjueftion it, ttn*-«bfedry, cf a mce and d:f-
MR.
||t MoMTHL¥.CaWALOCUB> Rtiiglmif&iS.
■MnAfeav wtbiafeiit Ivxhtflkfv to be reeuadedi ^h* i#u*iaT»
ptsnHtteaj* ao-tto uAqr^Aod his abofc«f *m*nhrm*>
able ^jwricn *B Dr. .Hewing,-' **o » fiu<i tt»lttW»a|iMl*JajJj|
Jjnrmonvegatajiy'it, «V**cjwaaat»nce wfcW>*4MW<i—rf%<^
difadvaatago onJy of the Dean's reputation. v»jiS: •'"'£ miO edef.
Art. 30. Ejfajtfrim the BaHbekry'm Profe and Verfe;' By th*
Authors of the Epiftle: to Gorge* Edmon<J Howard, Kfq; tamo.
« Vols. 6s. Bedtet. 1773.
" Theft eflhya are reprinted .from a periodical paplr latftly • pub*
Hmed hi Dtiblin. Moft of them relate to political matter? ; although
a livery vein of humour and pleafantry runs through the whole.
Seme' of the papers, however, are of a mifcellancous nature ; no: a
ftWoftJWm are in verfe f and it is faid that fomc of the beft whi m
Ireland have clubbed to fornifhthis entertainment for the public.
Among other pieces, the admirable " FplJtU to Gorgts Erfmomi Htna-
a?*, £fp With Nfiftt by Gtergt FamUner, £/j; and AUtrman f ," is
k ere- printed ; and we have perufed it again and again with unremit-
ting pleafdre. Thb drollery of this epilUe, and efpeciaMy of rfce
aWe*,' (fo merrily attributed to the honeft Alderman) is, indeed, ini-
mitable; and Swift, were he now living, would envy Mr. Howard
the reparation which he has acquired by it, *as well its byirirother
ingenious eflays inferred in this very entertaining colfe&ibn*
Prefixed to" Volume I; is an engraving, containing 4*6 excellent
caricatures ; one of which feems to be intended for the author of /V
£pffiit,'Ut. whom we have never feen ; and the other hi in<terd thcV
worthy Alderman, his own felf, painted to the life, and excelling, it'
personal refemblance, even the celebrated Peter r*aragraph oftin
Haymarket. •' ?-Jls'l!« iWw
,..,.. , Rexigio ua. and CoNTaqv.tit s rA^tVv' " ™jj
Art, jt. Hopt in Diffairi a Project for effectually fafjjfcrag
ft the Petitioners for Relief in the. Matter of Subfcription* ^$gP-
Situating the Peace of the Church, . By way, of Letter 'to tae'.^rd
iihop of Lpndon. 4to, is. 6d- Pavia.. .1773^ " . " jj
, ' Con fi ll» of ferious ieveftive againtt the petitioner!, . and the & "fff
ten; and of a ludicrous propofaTfor giving perfect (adsfafti "
the malcontents, and precluding ihf.poQbility of every
controverfy for ever— — • .', ,.#i
• jFifrt, ,Let alf ecclefiaflical benefices arid. employ nients, of '\
kind, nature, or denomination foever, throughout England, and Xya,
be isnmediately pet up to public autlion, and convey t^iftjee>"*
to the purchasers, their heirs and aflignj for evpr. . '. ' * % i{
I .* Secondly, Let the monies arinng by fuel* fale be ffaffl jti
hands of the treafurer of the fociety at the Ftatbyj %ayfrm\ ijo
him divided and paid, (hare and (hare alike, tp eye cy. member '
affociation there, for his, her, and their own private, uftarj^
without impeachment of wafle. . f," *\'.jt v#$£&tn
* Wnether the original periodical paper U Hill cooiin.u>£ '$,£$£
tifij-Or no.t, we are not informed. . '
f See Review for Auguft 177a. --- -.1 ..-« « •
' ■■*TflrdJ7i
6
Monthly Catalogue, Rn'iih-xs* Wr;
•35
' Ihinijv, Uc all acd <r<iy of t\< crtWow clrrxy be 'mwnff
Mefer tipped off Ami si-cf^c-ited. 41 the capestc of tbc gcvcrni»e»i#
peefwit to the direction* of the M» « »t*aa-Acr; to fo*»e of ^i«
W-rrjij'i pUs-Utiooa in A«r/* -*Wr>* 'Jamau*, jf*#g**, rVo. &e.
*.' »e theo ir.i there employed, ni Uboatefi led lUm, duriftg thft
«ft . Vwcu And,
fourthly. Let ciic feveril lumen, cirpenten, cuieri, jouiers,
ingenlout Mr*. Sa/mom, of Pirn
be to fabricate, prepxrc, and bring in a mv let
teoftfing or wood. ]r;d, iron, and ftone, or any oik**
■wU [ ilct*- jl-iJ blood oaly excepted) in all rcfpr<l> fait ably hi*
;c:icl) tried ji.iI cxiiniucd, by the fovicly aforcfaid,
;hiog their faith ; and ta be by them diitributed into the fev«ral
UUe- and benefices, fo void by the promotion of the lite ioctiw-
aaanncr above fpccillcd.'
rbu project our Auihoi t-tll. hi* ' untverfr! Jrtauort, or graad re-
llinau-c li J pcice to the chuich of England / ind he imply ind-ilvr*
* difpufiiiun through the rrtni.nder of his performance, by
i the advantage, ol Ms fthtttf ; tbc principal of which
i.t CLtxcr or thi wty tir^nnHHiHT will hoc,
>»vi* VJi« DA* or 11 r-r. ClBAriO*. 1*0 iflt
ptlSll. t-lifOlll riDA OF ALL THI3.CS. tVIt tXPUCT
IITMIt to t at ©a DfcJMK !
31. &t0# Rtmetht tn Mr. Hdi's Farrago <*VnWr dijlithd**
By John We£c> . •. Kritli. 177$.
ey, ere IV*, Hill keeps the 6eld. i-rd carries on the **#
ali the liiU, nr»d prudence, andcam.on, that may be expected
a vet much cxpericn:
\tm S/rmsnt 5/7 fivrral Odefisni, By Thomaa
.. '-.. hie Vicar of i.eft'Vrmr in OxforUhht, ant! Chap-
nourable the t «»1 o? LiteafiaW. Sto. 6*.
:.
,'icd by fubfi
1 nrattlcil , ind by no mean* drflitutc of the mirka
nift 10 Cod : the Author tikes in onex-
>uld fuppofc ao uonceeffary circuit. the
defcants on the different opinion* oY tie
rfi and 1 future Rate, and farther lead*
mat's creation. In; fall, an.i Sis r?<tr "nation;
^th, however, he brinjjB th«fe tcpi.; to a point, iti order to
niidencein (vod, and
■ i h dt! i:d humility, a> to
te and our tv'pe it ill ttnies.
on the duty of prayer, (I^fcerelH. t.) thr
Stepped out of hhway, in order to cenfire
Tions of our onfcappy
:ly. x\\c partial
Ufiem W*Jkh*jitt Review for March lafl, p. 740.
e»<
%lk Corresponds nc-i.
(Xmmi Of Lord Clarendon ; and then expreffes bis hope , that them
Ub«r<rK «0C., .: Bat whjtew c>rttaya£an.ci« .&•*. qf. thaw, (fefft*
(J* fift*iB9wmAy.«<a, &<.)- might Jill ju»v,of.,»AAWwi#^a(»
i r, other jefpoii* thena might,'!* of fraud aod.hyppc#yap?ftBfc fiffM
numerous body of people, it will nevcxtiielefs r>e actooweauafef ,
■ r«j«Giceti perfens- who, are-, capable of judging on, the fuqjec^.
thepe were unoug'theiu alio a number of as wife and, a/ w(
mca as ever Great Britain produced. Far. be it f\om us to ji _
the -people of England in aU the lengths to which m»Rers w^>£^£.
mM daring that critical and .hazardous period ; but a* ipu&i9H59f
arc canxfale of dittinguiihing truth fro,m error,, wc mufl: (onf '
wri«or as ignorant, oc bigotted, or both, who will join. in, i
gu.jihtP$ tfficftiqnj on thok who appeared at tha.time inn
pf public liberty; many of whom, at leali, cotw it branding
jijAafcar and failings, deferve to have their. name* u.aofmutoi'ip
future Vumi with every mark of refpett and honour. , Cooypos.
if*slqtH oy auditors, from the account here given, would be. APfeJp
conclude, that all who were engaged in the greet rfWptfj gj."
Clarendon affefti to call it, were men of a prorligate aa4, 4.
rate fpifit and eondu& ; but peribns of fuperioc knowiegc aji^3
flernment will laugh at-Aich ill-grounded cenfuresr which gencr;
Tevert on (ho writer or preacher, who fa ral'uly and. ignt
dupenfes them.
. With the fe exceptions, and perhaps one or two- more of left c^nt-
«3eration, we think chefe fermons are truly ierious ana* afcfaL T&
^bjeO* are, principally, the myftery of godline&i the, bicflbJBfA .of
thole who die in the Lord ; the Comforter ; the ill c£e£U qf vice ,u^
impiety to a nation; the. duties of poor and rich; the grwt dgfigp
-of the g?fpcl difpcn&tion ; the free offers of divine, tae/cy ancCjjf-
vation i the death of Chrift for fin ; the terms of ialv^upn j ftu^e-
neft of injuries; chriftian joy ; the excellence and importance' D(ttP.
Ariptures ; which laft difcourfe is particularly addrelusd to ifOnng
perkiiis. — As to the llylc -and com^ofmon of thefc aVfcourfcs, ibey
.aiiord little room for either praife or cenfure. .. *:,
■ ' * - ■ • 'J ".""'■ up
CORRESPOND EN C E. j ;
IX is with no little fatisfa&ion that we acknowledge the re'ceirjjj'pf
the candid and polite letter figned Nir/olcitnjsu relating tQ^cnm-
poCtioas for tithes. U all parties in the diicuflion. of 1'uch iritcren-
tng topics were to argue with the moderation and temper Vf dp
Gorrefpondent, the acrimony of common- place reflexions. ijuLgf-
fooaiities would be excluded, and the altercation being' co^'fyof a,jo
the real merits of the points in debate, mud foon . tcrnii^ar^ jg]jl[n
ihofe were exhauiled. itykwi nstbo.
The length of this letter is. th,c only obftaclc to our introJucinc it
inure ; but at this would be. inconvenient, the caajldir&ih^ of * Tew
.cuftrcuSU* containing the heads of the argument, mu,! fi;£l;jc.
...- 'fhis letter is partly occasioned by sn hint thrown out in our *ce-
view for June lait, p. 508, where .it was faid, that ■' a fi^cd affeflnae^t
Corresponds n c
...
y nruch \n <He po»nd over i i p*.-»docct the pretest
igv rslor of the iccJnibear'i . 'at pariii. wcuM keep
- uf thr U. ,
■ ■ * J ten; km in L*e talus of money. " I In i
[r«l *i-- -nt to an examination of the dafe
- . cooeceniog woich he oocJarot, tax fee it
c.ii :*.** no pecaaary comprr.r.iion Ofcr-tiaj; a» an clUohtkcd
or, caa fa a /kir tfvwali*,'/* K
■rei*poc<l/nf tri*t " clerical tit\ei 9M1 fufe
©» ~ clled penfon to l*he
ofcd to fefpeft that landholders hive not the good of
"init)' lo rns<h m vie*/, as tc<> pteceid . and the Utter as
the ctfrgy are UBlvHfillg BO BCCtfe to ICI nropo-
m chit may interfere wi:h their particular Jn:erd!»." J; i» r.oc,
non1 farmer who 11 qualified to argue on the ftibjock, nor
clergyman who as ri. I temper to vwv it in a
a ad generoMi light. We agree a!fo».tii tlus Gentleman* that
.rut of hf.A from [he fciesaJ Uimi in a aaaraih would prove
ineonvraien . even il it could be afcerttined ton&.
;ctioo i ar jporifcd to lrtc to a. linage
istic -, Ai the clergyman, lor the fame reafon, eosJd not occupy it
]f." iiai if>t jiotbccon-.. ;jinJariDerr*
raulV, if he ku hence reduced to lr:( it to the respe/ttrc Oc*
m wheaor thr pircdt *er< taken, they would
heir power to make their c>/n terma.** But t,kk regard
the fooie hint of* lithe rate already quoted, our fcuWDCuu, a*.
~rft-r. appear to difcr.
rodent fay*, " I aai faff bis thu modes will nUay*
Iho rest of tbe Ufcd, &ur *tt ivM?** **&# tftinfrt-
tf iht te*J-t from which alone d e real value of the tithe af jfc»/*
aittxaei (-lite lie lyti*.} rather Ic.'a tctiietovJI* nncfl he advance*
t.'li olden are noc ©bli;»rd 10 pay the clergy more th:*n (Mr
; and if the latter - :o atferira a competition fee
would not tnfaef their purpofe, or be their iaiercftl,
4*>*ic*i.a*d more than, «^y* Mi*i «/, the <wht* «ie wd.-tUiolL&iaa-
iers ; loi this reafotu be f arc *orih le{* to ibe clergy taan
ley are to the tannery in :hc pivpunior. of four to five. It u tbe
tterefl, therefore, cA the termer to h\ \\jch a COftipolieion as u,i I
cake it of the Utter 10 hire the tithe*; othervAc
ky will foooci call them tlv-o lofc by a coinpotiuou." Tbuawt
.ieot rcalvn *hj the clcrgynuo M\g
.:! not up to the full i^l.
which the Writer pieidi form the preceding pailajre.
thf cireaunataice of having a lv%c claim oa the luduftrr ..
-wo|;iicrinv ;tct ot iU p<:»on» who cii>j> tlut ciata,
t ia thr c:cr:i«n of the power nl UTertinR i:.
A* we agree in thinking t.n. ti:he ousht not, ilthtf in ju.jtce Or
to he exacted to taeotmoi, it Hill now be lcen that w^eanAoe
the flarc'aTd oi cou;ty ay whieh the raor'ai lacj .i
e fettled. Thii Gr:i:!cm'ta aftC" irturtkiut;* frvca bH omti AMOak^e,
bat the crimpofitien in lien bUIc bean very hsrd aorw ^.^e
ftjg CORUSPONDINCI.
clergy* amounting in many livings to no more than /A* imaiikM
'fm iftbi not volm ofihe tUbt ( wr ftrfipofe the Writer to main ialt
twearteih rnftcad of the tithe) he adds-—" Now if the aecetfarienaf
life greatly advance in price ; and if the clergy cannot m*ke sntirary
pafs for more than landholders can ; is.it not reafonable they &o4ff]
partake with them in feme meafure, if not proportionaMy; of the
improved value of the produce of land ?" Here, then, owr Couelpsa}-
dent joint llTue with os, he having admitted before that the 'nmdas
recommended by us '* will always keep pace with the rent of the
land :" and this is not only partaking with landholder-ay tint
Sanding upon as good ground as they do; and it cannot, wetbtai,
be decently urged that a clerical incumbent ought to ftand on ititiki
Jf an incumbent enjoyed a pound rate over all the farms in Ha
Sim, producing a grofs Aim equal to his prefent annual iecosne
m tithes, the rent of farms could not be raifed by new agree-
ments, without improving the clergyman's revenue : and if ratals
are, as he fays, letc often on long leafes, a whole parifh is not leaftd
out at once, therefore renewals, with their attendant augmentation!,
will be frequently coming round to gladden the hearts of both larjd
and tithe-owners. The iubjecr. is indeed a meer matter of property,
where, fince we find the clergy in pofleflion of a claim, trouble^bute
to themfelves as well as burdenfome to their flock, both may nam-
rally wilh to be relieved by an eafy compofition : yet it is almoft'sa-
poffible to avoid adverting a little to the true paftoral characeerjiif
we find the clergy driving a rigid bargain; and appearing eager*)
follow clofe at the heels of the aftual labourer on the foil, to 'ihatfh
at an immediate participation in every improvement Ms indaitryiaay
ilrike out in any corner of his ground ! 'always keeping the imstexf
and grafping faftcr than, the worldly-minded landlord £ In~flttsrt,
when a clergyman will, as we once cxprefled it before, roflsYbn
tithing mint and cummin, let him openly fay at oner,—** what the
law gives me I am determined to exact to the ottermoft farthing ;•**-
but let him not labour to cover the inflexibility of his demandawam
a flimfy gauze of reafoning, through which discerning eyes Wtrl al-
ways perceive tvutttufntft lurking beneath. o -i
'* There is,'* fays our Corrcfpondent, *• I know, a differeacc-of
farmers, and were all of the fame gmemus aad candid turn of rrJiivd
with a few of them, there would be no difputes about tithes." ■• Wc
fear this is rather haftily affirmed, on the lhcngih of a circumftaaoe
which, neverthelefs, is, by inference, greatly to the honour of the
Writer ; who defcribes his own parilhioners to be as well fatisfiedes
farmers can be. Farmers do not differ from each other in temper
as being farmers, but as being men ; and notwithftanding the cleri-
cal profeffion requires the fame virtues from all who aflame it, farery
bo one will deny that there is an amazing difference ro be- frond
even among them : the mmn fometimes availing himfelf largely dfcfce
privileges enjoyed by, and the refpe& paid to, his official chusni&r.
The peace or diftracuon of a parifh depend much, very much,- <ob'
die difpofition of their foiritual pallor; and a flock better taught %y
precept than by example, will naturally prove rtfra&ory, if at va-
riance with their teacher. i
How
C01ttXf«KOKKC!.
?»
How little oar rereirnd ami wonby Cumfpowicut \* concert
L*« above remark* (farther char \vf (av*e part* of bit argu carat, which
aot oady asrvrdtd cccU*Gn but indeed called for *n attewU'-ft to ihib)
w*U appear ttam a paitage in his laser. wiW. * t
eacafctcL
' ltJ*cni. IOTKW the aJrair in :ti proper l-^bt* I sec MMMt
jat eatifc ihere is foi all thi . liir againi) the clergy. If ihru . I
CTidertlT ditcei* raced agriculture— ii they were Oaly a reoutc wtute
of the b**b ©rice of pmi&ona, that would be f*>a»c pit* fox i(. W
the foraacr ike cajct ic would Lc too ti&blc u nwkc U o^utiful : U*t
fo far from it, liat chere ii men; jrabee lp rer. I *.r.j|,l
ifc. »bit encourages the fafmen to m »r a renewal 0/
tbeir Icafes a* * greatly advanced rtas f Waal has enabCed many of
tacra 10 fAJic fua&i of stoncy, dut uouEd fMirchnfc the cautta (bey
-fanned 2 l)oc» this ljok as if an) dead weight had Uung »poa the
flocp> ? But, in truth, the* who have gained m*0 h/ farming haw
been the tril to exclaim agiinft titofi ; and fee a rrafon t*X -il'twrn
to aacatioc. In the latter cafe, to prove il.it tithes cOfHs-ibafc* to
the tkaraeta of pecvifions, it Jhould appear that the/ cccaJico a fcur-
nty. Nov thra (hey cannot polUuly do, it they Jo nut Hup the
aJoiigb : and it is certain this is not idle: for many of me i-.-cawi
co aot let t^or laavd rett fo muc'n aj it DitiulJ, Neither do tithes oe-
taitoa a. kareity, viewed m any other light: tail cawut appear, ua
Jet* it con bcdctnonwrstcd that an * do
aot amount to Use fame Aim as ten units eoujunoivcly coal**
The tenth goes to market as well as (be nine p I appt*-
feead, ilia of no comit.u»n:c to iV • (eat
ttubcT by the clergyman or tlic fanner, aa the one cannot fcil above
tax inajL<:-jJtic< iuQtc tbao thcoiiicx. We have iicard of ah atriii'
rial scarcity ; and ne know from what caufe it arose f/ai
crcslioni-it hy the p*r/«n» keening i :r. bit bj rt H*iDI
lAraa *vh>o is at all acquainted w:ta the circurni! .c clergy
aa ftnttah Goa knows, hoardiot;. on fpc<»lauon, is a j un they
uasaoc atTord to follow, A Jatc riotous atfcniMy, in the ncifHuoiie-
iood »herc 1 ■ KOtntofibeMg) prke of wheat, which vai
aovaatciaj; to pt. per coomb, did aot crn *ider the clergy as the OC-
oafroa of it . the preat groveia of corn went the people they *ifucd\
Here he: thc£nc*.incc — Icr • J icndcncyof
ovcrtlaed farxs. They certainly difcouragc pojiulttion — tiiey octaboa
a scarcity of ft vera I iVirit csf p-oufion witA wtuch aurket-towaa uaed
fo be I'up plied, for too great farmers are above attending to foe*
est i taey fend no pork, lowlt, butter, cheese, egg*. UC* Co mar
fcet ; aU tbese tbmgi arc coofuerxd in (heir own ramiliri. Ovcr-
jiuMii f-3iuci» luvc, auoicovcr, frequent opportunities of lakatij; ai-
.vanrn^e of every nrtstc - i!.nili( aad
JetHl "to xndrket the auit of trie yrar, in order to make a rcturo.
WJUiU the otttteti aretbaa Jupplied the price of cora var
taut after their Ooclta uc (pent, the rarrtriMiti, lea m«ll buy of tic
4gj cat growen, who have now all the caarkct :o t; Mdltri
aad baker* mull hare corn at any rate, ami, however dear tifcy Uv
Ice care not to be forreren by it. Monopolist :;-
am&VeAivu
$jfl CoRlESPORDENtl,
pernicJafls to the public, as they are beneficial M iadWideals ; Mot*1
e^jccmllf a monopoly of what it the ftaff of lift, This is tsee* at
jobtic grievance, and chiefly felt by thofe wfco an the Waft abb »
Mar h. I am as far from encouraging a mob .aa asy aaa cam awl
but the motives they affign for their proceedings are too pMsmsg sri
admit of argument. They iay, they may as' well be hung at ftaftmL
Indeed, it is very hard that thofe, without whofe afiftaace agrieanV
ture coofd not go forward, mould not be able to live by their la-
bour. Some of thefc people, who have families, cannot ears aMf
daily bread, literally ipeaking j for to my fcnowlege feme of them
could not have furvrved the two laft winters, by lawful sneaas. If
tfcey had not been affifted. Such is the luxury* venality, and eat- .
rnption of the times; and fo ready are almoft all ranks of men, ami
to neceffitated are feme, to take advantage of them, that it moS mil
very heavy on thofe who have it not in their power to make ufraf
the like means. Men of property, and they who live by any mat ef
trade or bufinefs, do not fo much feel the weight of public a vie*.
antes. If com, Ac. bear a high price, and the neceflarki of bit am)
taxed, landlords raife the rents of their cftatt s — tradefmen
the price of their commodities— and, I fcruple not to add, the oleTf*
come in for their ware, There, I may fo iay, are even with m
times. The eflefl here is fimilar to that of action add re ailiea m
phyfica. Bat as the price of common labour has not advanced it
proportion to that of the neceflaries of life, .the inferior tart m
people, without fome effectual relief, muft either fink under a warn^t"
they are unable to fuftain ; or they will — where this will end, <2m
knows ; but I very much fear that Engllfhmen will not, fibe FitantaV
men, be paffive and jocund in a ftate of pinching poverty.
" I (hall only add, that with refpeet to any parliament
ruination about tithes, I mall be as little affefled by it as meft I
provided the leaft juftice be done the clergy. I profefs to be owe «f
the moderate clergy, if there be any immoderate : and I fiecaaety
•declare, if it could be made appear that the abolition of tithe* m
kind would redrefs any public grievtace— if, more efpacielly, is
would only aiford weekly a Angle loaf of bread to every difreflsd
family in the kingdom — I would be one of the firft of ray clerical
brethren to join ue ailbcjation for that purpofe."
Thefe appear to be the genuine dictates of a benevolent, christian
difpofitkm ; and, to change the perfons of whom the Writer treated
a hrtle before, it might perhaps be affirmed, with more truth, that
if the clergy " were all of the fame generous and candid turn of
mind, mere would be no difputes about tithes."
*#* We are obliged to Drv***t for hrs information renting ttta
pamphlet which had eicaped our notice.
i\.\ Jmcmt't Letter is received ; and proper rtfpcG will be paid
in our next.
IE** M. T/s Letter ii recerved.
#% Tit CaMtratio* s/Thb Voyages fuhhjhtd fy Dr^ Haw, Kt>
WQB.TH, vjfRlrt rtfumfd in our next.
THE
MONTHLY REVIEW,
For OCTOBER, 1773.
A • - I. MiftrfUm—t IHmt. X? John Bvrom, M. A. P. R. $. (bmo-
iwut Fellow of Trinity Ce-lkje, Cambridge, ikI [aventor of the
Ueirerri) Engliih Short-Hand, a Vol*. Bvo. ioi. Board*.
Ma*cbeller printed ; and (cM by Riririgcnr* In I/tnrfan. 177}.
THERE h fumcthing extremely iiitcrcfting in the memory
of departed j»t;uus, wlica accompanied with the idea of
the amiable and (octal virtues. As long 24 love and gallantry
aWl animate this ilhir.d, fb long iruU the author of Colin and
Phoebe be remembered with dtli&bt; a* long as thole fu'end-
fhipc and that humanity he cultivated Dull fubfift, ib long {hall
that delight be attended with affection. Nothing could have
hern mote agrrciMc to ua than a patucular account of the life
of tfaii /fir/Wiff, worthy man ; nothing could have been mow
utcfuJ or more p!ea(ii£ to the public, but the preface is ftorc
sad coofliU only of the following paragraph* ;
* The publication of the fcltoftiog Ihccu it in compliance wi:a
uds, who were much p Ira fed
*SrJi feme of r 1* pm.cii cr>inpofiriDns, which had cahully eiroa-
U*d : loci might *>rre be Jaid of the Author'*
fesrocd, and poetic*! takataj but itd«» rot term to be the bouV-
ftefi of ua Editor tu ct.dravour to anticipate the Reader's judgment-—
By in o«a irstrmftc worth, and iV cindid opinion of the publ ■
following work ii l*ft :«- fall,
4 A deference doe to the piblie may however raaice it otcaltarr
*o aCurv them, that the poeroa here prefrnted are the eemjioe pro-
d»dioo c4 Mr. Byrom. They aic carefully cranicribcd from his o*ai
■0* ai many of then were u fuen raibtr for priviM
rJ tfclt alt fovcnrabfe aUowanee
*ill be made for (nail soaccaracu*.
* Tiie K«*d<r a%av he iurp/i»cd P*****?* to a»d »» tkajc vol? met
*°> many learnrvl *' qocatiou diiCtiiTco in verfc— Thii u ia-
^eed a Un/uUrky aimutt peculiar tt» our Author : hut he bau to *c*
**Mo/ncd bianfeir to the Un£l: : c? ;• >: r>, that he always found it
Vw.XUX. K the
442 Byrom'j Mifcellantous Poems:
the eafieft way of expreffing his fentuncnts upon all ocesJidfli. Hi
bimfelf nfed to give this reafon to hit friends for treating fuch fab-
jeeU in fo uncommon a method ; and it is prcfumed, that, if they
' are not found deficient in other refpe&s, the novelty of the manner
will be rather a recommendation than otherwife.
* At a time when party-difputes are fo happily Aibfided, it may *
firm to want an apology, that, in the following collection, fome row
pieces are infer ted , which afptar to be tinctured with a party- fpirit —
A fmall attention however wiil convince the warmeft partizan, thai
what Mr. Byrom has written of this cail was intended to foften the
afperity, and prevent the mifchiefs of an over-heated aseal. Since
this was the Author's chief motive for writing, it is imagined no
Other apology will be neceffary for the publication of fuch pieces.
* The great truths of Cbriftianity had made, from his earlieft
years, a deep imoreffion uDon the Author's mind ; and as it was his
manner to commit his fennments, of every kind, to verfe, fo he had
a peculiar pleafure in employing his pen upon ferions fubjeft*— - To
-rfie purpofefi of inftruftion, and the intereft* of virtue, all his abili-
ties were ever made fubfervient. This will appear, more particu-
larly, from the fecond volume of the following meets, in which it
was thought proper to felect. fnch pieces as treat on fubjecls of a
deeper, and more important nature— The Reader, it is not doubted*
•will be pleafed to find that the Author's natural talent for wit, and
humour, has fo often given place to fometbing more foKd and fob—
ftantial.'
It will be natural for our Readers to expect much excellent
poetry from the Author of the celebrated fong in the Spectator 9
but making poetry the vehicle of his fentiments on almoft evcrgp
fubjrft, familiar or abftraded, he threw them of? in the forma?
of verfe, feemingly without much regard to what the verfe it —
felf might be. It is generally, however, as good as could res
fonably be expected, confidering the fubjecls he frequently lc=r
the Mufes to work upon. He made them, what furely the^*
have been feldom made before, cafu'fts, antiquarians, and, mm
pity of them be it fpoken, polemical divines. However, a rest —
fon is affigncd for it in the preface, and we are fatisfied.
Many of his pieces were, in all probability, never mean*—
for the prefs, yet have they merit in the eafy and familiar way—
The following poem, frcm the remarkable happinefs aa^aV
beauty of the concluding itanza, as well as from the truth ana*
propriety that runs through the whole, is entitled to every com—*
pliment :
Am Anfwtr tofim Enquiries concerning the Authtr's Opinion »f a Strut**
f reached at — upcm tbt Qptratio* tftbt He>lj Spirit.
Say to the Sermon ? — Why, you all were by,
And heard its whole contents, as well as 1— -
Without difcuffing what the preacher faid,
I'll tell you, Sirs, what came into my head.
WJ*
Byron1* Mtficfanmr Pvmt*
be went oo. and learnedly perplcxt
The p'- ■ i ii ibp of hi'i ehofta trv;,
fl ray eye* abort him, and ejplor'd
dove-like form upon the rounding board.
Teat bird, thogght 1, wa» put there is a Gja
What kind of(| j good divine :
$%cm as, a ight preacher* to impart
TV pcre and fample gofpcl to the heart ;
A perfetf, plait, iattttmite iuJe,
WiuiiHit tbo dark oiHinctiont of the fchool ;
T&ai, with a r-ice, (ophilUt*! diigui fc.
Hide ube clear precepts from die people's cyet.
inc in one age was true
Mnft nerds be fo in all lucceeding too i
Though circuroilancr may change— iti inward aim,
Taroafch ev'ry Outward flate, it Hill the fame.
No thinking Chnrtian can b* pleu'd to hear
who pretend to make iKc fcripturt clear,
rks. upon the letter play.
And take the fu.rit of it qjitc away.
Berime, or p'»<e, orp«rf<»n, or what will,
m fepport of fuch a wretched IktZl,
It all amounts but to a vain pretence,
That robt the gofpcl of its real icnfe,
*43
tTao^lit by the Satioui, and by holy men,
■ Time thai if war then;
Net ro be alter'd by unfioJIowM puio«;
The world may vary, bat the truth remain,
lit coe> fee rated phralei, one would think,
That prictla. and pulpits, were not made :o fink;
Profancr win can do it Oiai difgrace
What nee J of i»ly «&rt in the cafe r
The modifh, critical harangucr, heard.
May be adrjii.-'d ; may he perhaps prefer'd j
Uho finks the dirtatei of the facied page
Duwu to the maxims oFthc prefent age.
Bat, o'er his founding can<>p.-, why bring
The harrulcfs dove to fpttuJ IB hov'riag waag ?
Hnw ia the church, by fach a flupe. cxoreil
Fuliaeta of brain, and eroptinefr of breaft i
Of heade fo ftuen'd, and of h-iru fo itov'd,
A diftcreat emblem Ihould. rr.ctlunki, be carv'd ;
The Ovei of Ati*ntt and not Stem's 0#w,
fit Bird *f l€*rnt*t* W <** MlfJtfLoVI.
^n* would iaugine ibat vcrft were the moft incommodious
iel*vtfcaprcfiW ihe uiilioAivni of v:rb»l criticiCm \ yn are
it 3 thtM!
144 BjronVr M rnti Pttm.
there in thefc two volumes feteral Porus on different tctdmp
in ! U>T3.ce . For the indulgence of cu:ii G;y wrc Cull feita
ooe:
Hot. Art i\iei. l. yth
V< poets, and critiet, arid mrn of the fchool*,
tl bo ta!lt about Horace, and Horace'* rul«*i
Ye Leaned ijdflMtvrs how come* it. I woader.
Thac none of you touch a moll tangible blunder ■
I iprilc not to Servile, and lurdy Ingiciant,
Who will, rlghl of tt'NB|, follow printed edition*;
Bui you, that are jedgr i, come rub up your eye*.
And QfiDuKitle your wiu, -nJ I'll iLc « where it Lica.
II.
A swine tt other rule*, which roue Horace hat writ.
To make bifr young Pifo for poeuy I 1.
He cell; him, (>.»: varies fhoutd not be porfaV»
When inc Mule (or Mmcr»a) war rot in the mood;
..«t. whate'er He CiOuU write, '* ktJtvmUltt it Jy'ctaJ
•• f* .■.'»• .jr/ m • mijftr, UrflSmif1
And !rt it lie by hu:i u<>w prtcfc up your a*r»— ^«
j\«mmmf.it fftwUMr i« *•»•• DUC }Ott*.
ill*
Nine yean! I lepc-t— — for the fooad la cnoogh,
Willi c±c help of puin lenlr, to di*cmer ihe fluff.
Jf thr rule had WfO ofw, what a li^uie would ni&f
Have made wi;h >our P.fo «, ye matter* c«f »>ne ?
Muft a youth ol quick part*, k>r his • : -fc * pcrfcltioe,
I At U Ul for nirt >can io tfcc lh±fl t/C.rriOimT
yean if hi* tcTjer moil Ix in the Ira*?*,
Take ihe roang rojae Mmfelf, and tra&rpon aim tor
To baIm th;» a saaxtai, that Horace irifufca,
%Xu\\ pru»okc all cac Uu^htu of -ll the ciicMsici.
how the win ol : »p, in a cafe .o faced
Would have jokd upon Horace, *ud Pi.ro, a.-.d V.Kiei,
It they all could noc Take a poetical line
Kipe enough to be read, nil the year had flriick nisei
rkd ilc boy been poffei of nine lire*, like a Cat,
Ytt furely he'd ne'er have iuiiraitied to thai,
V.
Vah ! firs an old Critic, bdeti&ise a amber
ToekooteoJaar yrar*^— twhich ujuiihr £.
Qaotc* a rftfgtn of ( juioiilufi lur um* /« rfava
B«t wjicU Aopa fan a; his Claming— — r«e*tttt\
SoittetrcV aaaay ycua, tic can inHacKe — it. nee,
liberates ten—Poor Cinni joU aiacj
luxntei ten— roor t_uini joa aiae j
K-k iKiUace oi cafciejr, whic*, had hi been
TV old Critic h*d (ecu, aevor coold ui a
coo*,
W.
It
ns
Mefti, 6ft a young one-, nine >r*r», I cbo/cfsr
1i 4 tfelpei Jte while foi a youth fiOHupprcit ;
I can hardly think Horace would mite it a point j
Tac word, lobe fvre, muft be out of iti joint ;
Lit *iy wan a »****/ -~— haJ I been ha Pit >,
1*4 hive told little /***/. minr never fhauki ii
Had he faid tor nine inonihi, I ftiouM think them cnoc ;
Tai* reading iu faUc, Sir — -pray teU u> the true.
VII.
Wliv, yov arc not ft/ off it, it* prcfrat conjecture
May furr.tfti we place with a probu!
I doubc. either printed, or ^liireo.
The bi icon ajj have Seen bitten.
nontha vou uTTow Vea n Jl, fct u:, for fear
OfaJFroiitin^ Quiatilian, e'en make ic a yrar :
Give the cell xuKjar, hot 3i to tirir aw——
i pljtn Enelilh iio/e he UitKttOW.
Vlfi.
I take the corrcixion aaaa?;*.-/ #w#rw— -
Ixt it I i ih— ay, t*«t may liuU water;
A«4 time enough too for <onfuUiag about
[after Pifoa rwrrViroiance. oi t.
ra*t! would Hcr^cc iftfiJl, th.« I i».ri<h of a hoy
Lbould laic as much time, .»» die u'xjflg of Twy ?
Tfbcy, ibat bitid cut the young one. la) , .when the old fellow
Took any else Iskc U, to aukc i fhiog fn< )2qh ;
1 A-
Tho* correct in his tndea Youag nun you fay ri-h :,
j thtta that «ill fee, it it plain at hrtk ight i
ritki thai will not. they bunt all aroutM
ffnetomg of Omened, in fenfe. or in found ;
It ii a'! one to them ; fo attach M w thr letter,
-. tc make "better fenle nuJcct it B«VW .he b*'tt«-r •
Njy.llicinorc lenfe in rcadinfa. the [«fl they will own cm ;
...It leave to tack; (tgti their aHuuybtaj *>»*.*.
X.
Po you think, they ery oat, that with fo ITttlc wit
tuch a world of tjreu Critics on Hone* hive writ !
T^at the nocti thrrnfcfvrj, wr; the :>lun£cr ft) plain.
In a poifll of their ait ioj, would let it rctnaa'a i
re to confide/, thefr critical chaps
»a no; like to be frtahb'd j yew Mf WMbre, p±rhxpi,
■ndment, (there they cm C-c tosiewhac armit ;
Uut may laift their tJl blood, if rou circulate thu.
XL
It will iii ■ -i .:-. this, Sir, a* ftire a* their blood.
til (l j ml - as in Hod we'll iluod*
They tn»y wr-rgle »nd j»ngle. unmUmj* to fre;
le to me.
Tali »wa»c o! tUein no & ft etc will jdmit,
ittcep:— ;tat a blur :i no blut« uli it'i tit;
24$ Ybi Siege of Tamor ; a Tragedy.
And bow you have bit it, if wtmm contest *Mn»
So would, if the vcrfc had fo had/it, »»£#*/«mv
■ '•■ ■ XII. ■ ..
You'll fay tbis is painting of characters---*- true ;
But, really, good Sirs, I have met with thefe two :
The fir*, in all comments quite dbweto the Dtlpbi*t
A man, if he likes it, may look at himfelf in ;
The lad, if you tike, and along with the youth.
Prefer to NoKumymt poetical truth,
Then blot out the blander, how here it is hinted,
Aod by all future printers Ummmfmt be printed.
There are feveral other really valuable criticifms on Horace *
conveyed in the fame lingular manner. 1
Aar.-II. Tbt Siegt of Timor; a tftfgttfr. By Gorges Edmond !
Howard,'' Efq. ' 8vo. 14. 6 d. Dublin printed, London re- I
printed, for G. Robinfon. .BdU. the Third. 1773.
THERE !• fo much difference between dramatical and
poetical abilities, that a writer who pofleues no inferior
portion of the latter may, neverthelefs, be deftitute of the for-
mer. We remember to have heard a gentleman, who has dif-
tinguifhed himfelf by his dramatic productions, obferve, me—
deftly with regard to himfelf indeed, but juftly enough, per-
haps, at the fame time, that writing for the ftago is rather sasm
knack, than an effect of genius. Certain it is that there amass
many unexhibitcd plays, infinitely fupcrior, in point of compok —
fition, to numbers that, have been played even with fuccefssmas.
Among thefe ranks the Siege of Tamor, to which we cannc^sant
farther proceed without taking notice of a very elegant and ic^aa-
terefting Prologue prefixed to it, by Mr. Peter Seguin. Coo*cr>-
plaining that his country [Ireland] had been little diftinguiuV^safd
by the Mufes ; he fays,
To us alone, the niggard Fates refute
The honours of the far- recording Mule 1
Although, Hibernia's patriots might prefume
To rival thofe of Sparta or of Rome ;
Although her heroes were as bold in fight.
Her fwains as faithful, and her nymphs as bright.
Here too, of yore, ftnpendous deeds were done.
High conquefts cnterpriz'd, high honours won.
To the fam'd facts ten thoufand harps were fining,
And what our fires atchiev'd, their poets fung :
Yet here, alas ! we boaft no Homer born,
No Shakefpeare role, an intellectual moral
To. lift our fame perennial and fublime.
Above the dart of Death, and tooth of Time j
While Gothic fires attack'd us as their prey,
And, with our records,, fwept our name away, -m^
>tf
I
Tk $if{* *f Tmtr ; a TttgtQ.
But \o ! ft bard, a ftfltiw bard, at lull
Tmiij back the twwlt of if n mi pa* ;
FUsriug the cujph of long-involving aijjkt,
Plocti lonh the ulc of virtue to the .
And jivci the living glory to your fight.
O Su«tc! not uuw co Iccl. not now CO rnrlt
At woes, that whilom your fiimM country lei: ;
Let your Uol'n brealU, with kindred aidogrtgfow!
J*t yo*s fwcd'n eyas, with kindred pillion* flow !
So flail the ncafuie. ilut alone endure a*
Aod ftli the worth of ancient times— be your* !,
Every ocie in the Jeaft acquainted with the rntfrorr of Ireland,
snows the high heroic fpirit which ipfpircd the indent mtivtl
of that country, ihfir boundlefs third of glory, their* obfttnicy
of honour, the ctuhufiafm of their mihury virtue, jphkh in
toeic coined:, cither smog their own little kingdom*! or w'tn
flnngrn, fevqu* Attn tothc mort langulnary extr
Witn loch cbm&criflics Mr. Howard ha* pioperlp represented
tben ia his tragedy ; and if hi* heroes, according 10 the mo>
cern, cr even to the rational idea of herult'm, appear to k° be-
yond the uttnoA verge of nature, the fpirh of iheir cnuntiy and
Ifttir times will, if remembered, reconcile us to tticir conduct.
Turgefim *, King of Denmark, hating made a Jefcent upon
Ireland, and conquered fomc of act inferior Rate*, l»|i iiegeto
T"*Eor, now called Tara, in the county of Hail Mcatli. This
place was the rcfidviice of the roonjcchs of IrcUnd, -and here
*fceybe2d ttxir provincial aflcmNres and pa;lunien(i. It was
Dcnrt** capital of M*|frclilin, King of Lcmtter, and the buti-
**cf«f ;he play commence* not till the beticged were reduced, by
toil uid famine, to the urmolt extremity. l"he terms which the
f**Dcio*Ji ftutmy infifted en were uWfcinir, to humanity, w't. that
'h^brave and Cbriflian prince M Jfechlin (hould prnflicutc his
daughter Eerneitha, hit only child, to the plcafuic of the Pagan
JP^fiCi Thb citcumllancc throw* fo ftioojt sn tntCscft into the
«rama, that in; btu-r pfK ol it i» filled with the moll heait-
'^nding fcenci.
Tfce third Scene of the third A& prefenti the father and the
. tae former, by his horror at the idea of the Dane's
J**»lluiin£ her, worked up to the dreadful resolution of killing
f1**? with his own h,ar.d j the Utter ignorant both of Uu father's
***tcmkn an* of the enemy's demand;
M A L t J! C l« L I *,
Tu liLiriWe— Lut ere ic it accorapIifiYi!,
Beyosd recall, lr: me once more renew
Tbe dreadful mo tire— He demands my daughter, —
• ;« moj« of thu tyrant, and of the ilory on which ibis play 1*
r°«i»J, ia iU laJL voJuac of <w» Review, p\ 471.
.\.\
fefS Vb$SUg4 $ffm$r ; » Tregttj.
And for perpofe the aoft fool— and Oh ! 'OnY?
Do I confent ?— Yftt (hoetd l-net— ay tfeere—
There^— ■efriddflcmfena ! It mud not be-— |
No— *thia, (f%Uing tut a dagrtr) this rather motrM trie
Elfe, fo defee with fear* that beau teous forte ■
Ev'n left mould ftart at it* fEtrvfiha vffmn) Ha ! Am
HoW nature at the fight revolts end tremble* !
'I, for -a moment, mufr conceal thij weapon. (
Etntfl. O Sir ! how happy am I in 'this fummoni 1
Mal/tcb. Protecting angtis fpread their wine* aroue
Shield I fhieW her !-Oh !
Struct. A groan* fo deep ! -Ahr4L
Mv heart diet in me at the found whence i where
Woe's me! he cannot fpeak, tarn, torn this way,
What is the facrifice that heav'n demands ?
You look not on me— it mall be my trefpafi—
Speak, fpeak to me, or my 'poor heart will bnrft.
None had your favour more than your Eerneftha,
How have I left it?
M&lfieb. Thou haft not loft it,
• No, my Eerneftha, do, this very moment,
Thou art tar dearer to my foul than ever ;
And yet chit interview, 'tis like, will be
The laft delight thy prefeuce e'er can yield me.
Ecrntf. Defend me* heav'n ! Oh ! Sir, am I the Ou
Ami to blamed
Mmlfitb* No, no, it ismy fondnefs ;
■My coontry loft ; a tyrant** craelty ;
Thy honour, virtue, and thy matchlefs beauty,
Theft, thefe the fatal caofe.
• £*rmjf. O fearful farads!
And wilt thou then abandon me for eves f
Mal/tcb. ftow, now, my heart be ftaady 1 ,
Se'eft thou this i (S&tw.n
gmejf. I do.
Mmificb. And in thy father^ hand ?
Etmtfl. I fee it all.
MslfKb. And dVft thoti not tremble r
Etrntft. No, Sin
ihieljttb. It-is dejjgn'd for thee— -my child I -for .the
•Etrntft. If 'tis your-will, I'm ready to receive it»
, Mtdjtcb. Ha! fear*ft thou not to die?
Etrntft. My mother's virtue and my father's jpirft
"Have arm'd my heart egamftdcath's blackeftfrownjij
Early you taught in* th»c it hid ro. terrors
^ut to the guilty mind.
Maljuh. Their dirarm'ft me.
CHtfrtrmftk
Thy *Kal piety, thy woad'rous fortirode
Have ftruclc thy father with remorfe and lhame,
Ami fav'd him from a fearful detperatfen ;
Yet art thou hri (pt-that-**for that; rar-vforfe— l
ToV SUgf t/Taiatr \ * Trszufy.
»*9
Etrqg. Nm. bow. I fear iud«ti— uil, tell me. Sir!
Upon my kneca 1 beg-* f.Wr Inettsf
(Hi <w*?h U m*dfn m**k Jiji*rM.)
Alu! thoic throbs
Will burft your leader bofoaa. Ha ! you nccp —
The tea* you vsouki relrair. flcjh uown your deck,
Woe ftopi yoar »*f<ech— O Sir ! pronounce toy doom,
U'b«f'#r it be, no dcaib <an equal i!iii.
Msi/e<i, I will— I will — hut ris of fuch 1 nature
Twill make thy mother's b?ncj tint in ti»cir grit:.
And mr in aftcr-liuac! rrrci'J wjiji iorrur.
rf theft—Oh ! know— — I cm* no mere rJi) nrefeoc*
■ot fuffer i:— harte, fly r^ Sionu—
niid,
Etrnrfl. Yoai iroai my heft obedience
h • tem>o can affrlirbc inc.
Mmlfitk. Yet, yet bold
I Uc «eil for**, nor i* it flj*nj;e , f^M.;
Come to wyacmi Oaxc.-aoic^— now, take ibia dagger,
Thi» in&uwest of dc^tli, i«y Ud. bell jit';.
Conceal and keep it ai ycur wc.'l known guardian.
And bear thy pot' - in remembrance,
?c*v'a may <Ju«it ;t jn the hoar 0| peril
0 five iby (ex'» ItJKI ill": booiea boa
i he tb<c from* poUuelon— —Oil! Ufcurel,
F:on» the fecond Scene of the fourth Aft it teem* dctermirxd,
feejocne* of the extreme OOHlTJ of the unhappy citizen*,
*hat the lermi proofed by ihe Dare fiiould fc-c complied with,
*ut, wthal, taac tr.c dauber EffOldUu luJ received from her
f*«ier, (he 4ho<*Ld reserve to plunge in the brtift or I «/ raWlhcr.
*jWi*»pcat^ frooa the oiincrfation bcarccn iko Bung wpi the
•'iOMte Siorna ;
M U ! t C Jl L ! y,
Ha:-
\ iSV lid !!ic 1,0' c;.ii jne 1
.malt a-i mr:: ur natural of falhcn ?
TelJ n* 1 prar, aiiaotfi
S,4rtm. Whca 1 bad ted ha to :Uc fcoly if' <r,
\ in the trndcrcft pfirafr her doom,
Silent at fir*, and r . flood.
Winch ra:hcr item d th' eHec't ol 4ee-» furprite
Thas auf*nt c-i terror, *fc«<c, a: , V.-Jnf,
Tkima on her kncc% tlic lowly litkim
When, (or a while, ir. 1 '.- remaini-
At length, with deeet-feteh'd 4gt», hrr bolb» hMVing,
She role, and with a fcxt arxi ptercing eye,
Serene bvt awfml m inip-.rcd bea
To dc fae turn'd, thtu »avV her band :.nd faid,
You xoay proceed, the couflicl now is utlt.
*s*
Thi $!'£* <f 7a*mr ; a Trtyjf.
With innocence ar.d ftrcngth di»*n confirro'd»
My Cher's Ipinc And hit lalk, be* gift
:»ccl (wh.cr. from *ithin her robe ftic dre*)
J now tu>c v fio lear,
J^O» aught to with but oui lov'd otutrft fftnkio.
M*}jt>*. M*y the almighty pow'rs her foal contini.
And nfive her ana to exceuie cay pu- [pitted,
$i*r** Sliouhi heftven'j dread vengeance cct be yctwav
And thai ft* pi ih in du iiigh mmb]
Virgin* Jnd bu:d» Jliail yearly at her totnb,
DCful numbers fin* her deathlefi pji.l'c,
And deck it with the howret* ot t.-e ipruii;.
By the afltuUnce of her lover, KiaJ!, Kin» of Ulfttr, through
whole in'.meoiatr ait! »*>c P'nilh a;rti) is fubdyed, and the city
sslicvcd, hrr purpolc is effected, j \\t ikc u i elated
let with two DjiiIAj cti
AlnwT. Dm!: our K:n;»Uve#
ZtHgor. Ere thi*. he breathes no mure.
Pofbog the princ* l« with him W tie couch
Within hi> ten;, of her fore trie* regarding ;
SSc. MitS a poifianl. which her robe coocci.1 ii,
S;tnck at hi» heart; l»at ere it rrach'd in air*.
He caught u *kh the trtrnblinr hand thai pear'd lt|
When Niall, happ'ly at the inftant eat'ntp,
Sciz'd htm, and *r tiling the fame we a poo from hint*
In In: ncrcc botoiu pluu^'d it!— the* exalting,
" "I "hi* for my tic her for my cou&try this
And thU, and thi;, and thai for my dc-r love!"
The Reader need not now be told how the play concludes.
Tbctc is foenctning extravagantly great both in the furtaot
' and chancier of Niall, fomcthwg, poffibiy, too quixotic, tut
the defperate circumftancca and fttuation or the Tamoruiu
rjnade the digout viruict nedus.
Thb traced/, though full of the horrid bufinefs of drftrri
and couflidt, is not dcllttute of the fofter fcenc*. nor hu the
Author failed in that tcndernelt fej - vof language irftka
ibey requite ;
Act HI. Sell,
M Apsrtacnt iB the Ctf/.Vr, bjftfUiTlfa j4y'"I in m mb\
/y-rr. /eft M*fa ptyi*{,
£ I a * t . >
How fceet is muuc to the mind at eafc.
When felt thus pleating to devoir like mine f
I -■;.< i liL^vcnly llratfil our auiicnt Druid t tu'd
In thrir mvflenous rites, what time, the moon,
Night'i a»lcl emprefi, lioin her clouded throne
Serve) M the nether world, and file^cc <.
Uider the aI.i-) of ni^ht ; thai haJ!ow*d i
Amiirt then coafcetaud tic^ca v. .
1h Suit a/ Tamor \ a Tra{tJym
25t
Jlarmoniow* anmben wild i the l.il'niag bard,
lowing more thin human, ,*nd concciVd
That all arouod uu holy and iefyir'd.
£afrr Itmok*. [witchings.
ftfxma. Ah! pi inc<f*» there's no Jlrcngta can bear theft
Ft'mtft. What heart diftrelVd like mine can tafte repofe f
Ailiclion hath from infancy purfuM mr,
And heipe and peace have long lorfook my bofotn.
Ill***, Difpc! tbia fad defpondency of foal .
Obicrre the change* of iIiU life. Iiww va;i
Thl fc» nVn frowni to-day » may Guile to-morrow.
EftMt/ Ala* udUfcto, empty a» the cloud
That fweep: along the vale, are all our hop«g,
O '. coult) 1 to thai calm retreat retire.
Amid the woodland waJks the wimii&jj vajct,
Asd fpriogs that fparkx from the marbic mcfci f
» Where, la love's iceerti. Ibft ai breeze of fpriog
WaraiM by the funnv beam, th«- blooming >ooth
Firft breath 'd hit arder.t vo*» and won my heart.
To* hippy peafaot, there, in :oia1 innocu.ic
J jvei on with liberal frugalitv,
teakb to hit allowed day,
WhUil peaceful plenty crowiu hu honelt toil*.
Nor fi^ha to fee his ere of fife dcAend.
*Taer«, i jptwre edioea through tbe kilning grates ;
CbBMOCmtai fptrkktls th.cTireiiracvc,
A»4 ta-ut h and pleasure, felHse dance and fbog,
. up the happy heart, the fame for ever.
There is corfidcrable poetical ancrit In the above TVrJaf, and
*)c second Scene of the tvtt Ait, which rircfents us with the
r-'J: irterricw between Niall and Eeracflh;i, El ra ecu ted with
^aAan« happy descriptive vein of gen
Act II. Sell.
' <?/«* ar«r /£r C\j/7;V »; Tamoh, W a G*f£if C*tk&*! mi m
jmsll Dijtmu.
Emttr RlAM. Ai /-*/ /WiV #/ « #%
Tbis is the frcred zr0vri *nD> >'°» :1;C wit.
About thU a*>or, 'tit faid, ihc daily pafles
Tail way, to matrir. fen-ice in the temple.
EsaaoirHa m/Itnona ttffur at a jm*U itjl*Mt%
Amd lof two bither more in tomato garb.
And one ia vcil'c ; pcrhap* i: is my love.
I will not >ct appear till I know more:
This friendly tuft conceals me from their view.
™*»ai»THA oWlrnoNA ofprtut/j. AiU*J*u$ ttjcmt Jijlautt.)
Estm;:. Hcc let us paufc a while— the raily bell
■ For maitiii ferviee hath not to! I'd as yet.
How Jowly look* the moras midir all this ruin I
Tn« featbeVd wa."blcn ct this vocal grove
la perfect tranfaon chant their knx-tun'd Ufa,
*i» . Thf Sifj/ $/ Torn* j * Tr*^.
Unconfctoas of restraint lo mar their bt I'i,
The Ilow'ry fields in vifi profufion pour
Thar trealurM fweeta, and fill with rich pcrfaacf.
Wafted on acphyi** wings, the fragrant *ir,
A*tl all in concert hi.il the cheerful day \
V uilfl ill my thought* are fly rem- arid defpair.
like**. Ah! princefi, why u.iletfcoo indulge such
Why let them prey thus on thy «cn:Ic fc*[ ;*
Btrntfi. ! What <li afhomrr
Look round ; Is there the faintclt glr-uti of bopc r
Abroad, the devastation of my eoentry ;
Witnin, the dftoMofl or my heart.
And have my fiats, my cruel ftar*, decreed
That never more thefe longing eyej fall niert
Tbc blooming yotflh, wt»o once, nor larrniler't hills,
From quick perdition in blelVd none at fnauh'd Ml
Thrice has the fun jtf annual courfc putfu'd,
Since I beheld him as the rntrninr; fur.
pure vs nnibaded light, and chajlc ai truth.
Ala*1, *: time*, my toittirM fancy me*i htm
A Hearing ec-rfe upon the £"lphy mai».
Or gor'd with wound upon the fandy beach.
Ales '- *H fr*tC*1 fo vaint wretched EcrnclUu '
/•m«w. Tl.cn why thus dwell upon this mournful fabjet
And cherifh fmitUf* woe.* Keen thy ftoL
. *>*//. O my hWtl thett't a fccm plcafiara
Jn hoarded forrow, whtcJi ic only Jcnowi*
/•Una. So we deceive oorfrltcs and court our raU-
ir to ti&lnle i.Yhun, and the luv'd icaagc
jo time nrsay quit your heart.
£>«y. ImpofiWe ;
Til fcVu for ci'cr there O! he waamorc,
[ h la oldaeroic Hory ever cold
Of dignity, of valour, or of beauty. (Sfmft h
But hark • whrr.ee are thri> founds.' this folemn kueaocy
T fc»i b-.nds the captive fcnle, and fills the fool
With hcnv'nly rapture nnd with jioly ardour.
ItbirM. 'Tis U<j\t\ the pious choir cl* ruicfb and
Who at the altar fcrve in yonder temple.
Etrxtji. Hrffthcr, 1 Jl kne c] grfotaag on tbe eirth :
The place isiacred all, and claims cur rc» 'reucc. (fto t
;n mercy, as in love unbounded .
To u\y cdclial uunfioni il (tic prayri
ncence arifc, and flame before thcr,
O faic our country from thiv wreck of ivar !
And, h' he lire*, dear ©hiee! of my foidaci'sj
.Bc.'ofC the wanderer to tfcfc longing
me wi;h htm m the peat'.
(Null tf«Va««.\ xxJfrt/tmti kimfitf hfftn
I in udder with am;2cmer:~e;racioas pe-»en ,'
My knfr ii lure dirturb'd, snd ihadows jUiaa
Jn mo^li ap(;*4r^r.c:j tvfore my av
fh S'uri #/ Tamer ; < 7*-
*n
Stay — JUt, thou dear cachanutig rifloo! flay.
A7*//. Tra'rifcCTidene happinef* ! mine only ..
Ho*' ak the tranfpor: of my To
I am tbvt wanderer, iliac once hippy youtfi,
Wbooi thou near I/iffo's ffcort dioQ deign to Bear,
Ard linen to ihc I.tnjMi.gc d hit I.cji:.
Etrard. F.nrapcuring Joundi ' by all my hoprt, 'tit he J
Propitious hcav'n reiVres him 10 iny wiihes !
O' turn the* from my bluihei.
A'/itf. No, Ice i Kern $ few;
They fpeak the wriuc* of thy hear'nly (i
A»*J more i with Icrapliic lurt,
ttrtijt. .11 hate 1 counted ev'ry fiour,
Siace from that blcit retirement 1 v.ai torn,
Wfc»ere fcofe and honour won my tavilh'd loo! ?
But uy, *tiii led you hlihc- ? too advemuroui I
To ihefc devoted walls confignVi to ruin .'
A'/*0. No more a wretched exile, licit a king,
Whote iirioai fortooei thoa perhaps hart he-arJ,
(For rumour hath not let them pais unnotic d)
At length, I've rou»'d whole kingdom*, oow in arms.
For thee 1 nunti CO wl r ; for lh« to cooi,
.,f, <r> (fee, ©/die.
kirmtjl. Where are the ktntdomi ?
And wftcrc the troop that you hare rOua'd tc arffu :
ionary <lt, the drcatna of love.
y rafli. thou tiiflclt with ray peace,
to e.rpofe thy life to certain peril.
Stsii. Love urg'd me oo, and love no p4ril fan.
Oft, »hcn the glaomy {hades of night have 3c!e»
Upoa rii/ lollfc-mc *av, I've laid mc «-l</*rn.
The Cod any couch, my canopy the liiri.
Champion Pit thre ami arfy.
Good heav'n, that conftancy like ours regarii.
for hi- n, will protect he.- Niall.
Ecrmsjt. What it's I ocai ? Null .'—undone EerntftU!
sue— fjeafc— fneak -pain— —
ft«£ It If.
*at asant Co hateful to tiuao Deufc.
Etrmtft, Fly her<c~OH (ly— tl'.cj.: ree me loorti
4 fee tbec more '.— my ©aly joy of lik I—
Finl. bid roe die ! 'twere intrcy it il:\ !ci twice ;
And I viilJ Weft taeo with my pariin
">/- Ah roe ! O prince : ll .* death :o me.
on the < I
It thou doll lore
fcaxh attends a ojodi.
■nd :>mn thcr ' tlrn» *.ert ne'er to cruel ;
TA/utii- • li a though;.
rny lire's IracfpreCiCO 9
. fame po w: r 1 and by iny ptc«i(naa k*f I
jsjif The Sidgt of Torn*} a l*ragedy.
I am of the imputed crime as innocent, •
Ai thou art of a thought that is not pure.
Thou faired excellence ! 'twould burfl my heart,
Conldft thou conceive a thought again ft thy Niail.
Etrwfi* That I believe thee true, not truth more true |
With foul as noble as the firlt of heroes*
Witnefs the love my heart has now betrayed !
But fhould my royal father find thee here,
And learn withal thac 1 was privy to it,
No power on earth could fhield chee from perdition :
What then would be the fate of thy EerneiLha ?
Nitll. Then I'll away, and join my con<ju*ring troop**
Now hither on their march from Newry's hills,
Once more to meet the bloody Dane in battle.
And fnatch this city from his menae'd vengeance.
Eerntji. I bade thee go, but thought not when I fpake it.
Do not thus h alien, from mine eyes to tear
The laft, laft light of all that they hold precious.
Alas ! what will your flender force avail
Again ft the numbers of thefe fierce aJTailants ?
Kiall. Did they furpafs the fands upon the beach,
And thou the prize, 1 fhould with /corn behold them.
Oh I 1 could flay for ever, parting thus,
And for one further look from thofe dear eves,
Were endlefs woe the hazard, I might ride it.
But on my flying hence, all fafety reils.
Ere a new mom, joyous, with conqueft crown'd»
Niall again (hall vifit his EerneiLha,
And bring an heart with conftant Jove o'erflowing.
Etrntft. Go ;hrn, brave prince, Eerneftha bids thee go*
Guarded by heav*n, to conqueft hafte, and glory :
Yet, amidlt charging hofts remember me,
And for Eerneftha's fafety prize thine own.
h'iall. As yet me knows not of the fpoiler's claim. (AfidtJ
Tis glory calls, I hear the facred voice,
The voice of liberty it fires my foul,
And fame and victory attend its fummons.
I muft deferve, before i claim reward;
Denmark mult fall, Ierne mult be free,
And my Eerneftha emprefs of the North.
Thefe laft fpecimens are meant as much to fhew the poeti-
cal abilities of Mr. Howard as his talent for dramatic writing*
Of that, however, the play before us is certainly no unfavour-
able proof. His language, at the fame time that it retains its
dignity, is fum>iently colloquial, and to unite thefe qualities it
no very eafy talk. Sometimes the Author feems to have failed
in it. As, for inftance,
There's no ftrength can bear thefe watching*.
That he awairs you in your antichamber, &c.
But thefe are, indeed, mod trifling defects, and hardly rifible
under the merit of fo intercfting and fo Spirited a performance.
A*T.
t *ss 1
tiprij, Vutiiuctii by the £«scty oi Antim l.otdou.
VtkklL Anick ttiiwlaJcJ; Sec our Uit MvutfcS R .
TAVING laid before our Readers a fliort account of Sctr-
I ral articles in thu volume, wc now proceed to thoie
ftKri remain.
Tbe 171b number was read by Mr. Ptg^e, and conftfis of
Ubtcrraiirna on Dr. Percy'* Account of trunifcicl* among the
rtom.' Dr. Pcrcj ha* Cup poled thai minflreu were held in
re* etiimalion, iitd privileged with an exiraocdwary rank arid
ignity among oux Saxon «ic<ftoi». Mr. I'c-i&c opposes this
rajceturc, ou the contention {ftiil for the (pace of 600 year*,
Ut n, from the arrival of Hen gift to the Norman conqurtt,
0 oration is made of ihefe pcrfons. • We bear enough, fay a
c, of the Saxon poets, and poetry, but nothing ii faid of
Nttf bard- like rnuftcians, though fcafls and entertainments are
neafpoken oi, w likewise the courts or their prince*.' I he
stryof the ;;reat Kmg Alfred's vifitinp the DiiuiHi camp in the,
trtts aid character of a minrtn-l, Mr. Pcgne jcgard& at at lealt
)fu waful authority ; and though the in nance of a vifit p*id
»the Saxon tenu by Anuf, King of the Danes, in the fame
trfgbife of a /toM of mictlxcl, appears to him iooicwrut better
faasdtd, he think* neither of them arc fufficient to eftablilh
At point which JJr. Percy aims ar% as Anlaf was not a Saxon ;
sad farther, as the character aiTuined by tbcfe princes, to an-
f*tf a particular purpose, dcea not imply any pjrticuli; dig*
imy or rihmaraon attached to the Saxon manJlrels : hcfidc
*tikh, he doubt* the propriety of the term mmfijcJ, in the
nrft intlancc at leaft, and imagines it probable. ' if Alfred
realy went into the Dariih camp as a fyy9 he took the cha-
fer of a mimic, a dancer, a g<iliCula(or» a baftcleuror jack-
padding, who commonly made ufe of fome inirrument of rr.ulic
Uftbc puxpofc of aiTcmbling people about them/
Tbr tg article contains an account of toe monument
ttftSttnly afcubed toCati£crn ; by Mr. CnUb.oolcc ; who fup-
pcars, that Kits Cot Houfe, near Horflid in tail Kent, and
cocooflly confidered as the monument of Catigein the brothtr
tf Vortiaitt, is indeed that of Herb* the brother of Hcngift the
&ton; that what i> reputed by the people ct thteotratrj to
1*Hoiu"j monument is notbag mote ibun a large quantity of
fanes tonied up by the plough in (he neighbouring field1;, and
^wn together thereout of the way; -rd farther, that C»ti-
tfn waa buried in a held or warren in the paiiuS of Addingtoo
• Wirtce the plate ca!!ed UuifUJ probably took i;s name.
5
Stt
a$6 Anhattl*iia ; irt Mtjtfl*m9*s Trsfls rdni*{ so Anility.
in Kent, in which place arc the remains of tome huge float*,
probably creeled to his memory by the Briton*.
The 18th number conlrits of obicrratioru on Stone- harctat,
by Bifhop Lytttefon ; and the next, of obfervation* on &oor-
fcammcrt, by Mr. Keg§c. i>r. Mil to, Dean tf Exeter, and
Prrfident of the Society, is the author of the aoth arcicle ^
which prefent* us with a very ancient inlci/ption m rfcc cbu.xti
of Sunning hill, Hcrkft. In the fotoomng Aomber we haves
<Tefcripfion of an ancient and curioni (oof, at Bridek
Cumberland, '.vich a RtiOfC i.ikripiion, which is thus translated,
Hift FJofd W09 eonvtrfed, find to tbit m*n's txtmpts %x#rtibt Dmm
fraught. This Ekard i> fuppofed to hare been a Dani&
n'hn, nc-in^ convened to Chriftianity, fcvc raJ ot his
irymen followed his example.
Number 22 contains two Icrtert on Csrtar's invasion of Bri-
tain, and more particularly h« paiage acrofs the Thames; bf
tne Hon. Darfnc ton; who cunjcc"tu:o thar Cawar do*
not croft 1 he 1 names, but trie river Mcdway, which etfiptriaf
itfelf into the other 15 called by its name. Dr. Owen of at
Olive's Hart ftWct, maintain! the fame fuppofibofl, in a if.
lertatiorl on Che time employed in Cxfar'i c*o expedition! taco
Britain. Both thrfe irtiofei are1 learned and ingenioua.
The xatrt number preterits us with a copy o* a draught oc*
proclamation in 15631 re taring ro periora making portraits *'
Queen Klrubeth , communicated by Sir Joieph AyiohTc, Bja.
U U a ft range and remarkable edicl, declaring that her Maje*r
being overcome by the continual requefta of tier nobility, lad
fcntcd that fate anrxi furfin mtU tbwtfm flaoulJ iliorily nasi*
a portrait of her perron or vffage, and in the trsean time Joibsd-
dinz all pcrfons from any attempt of this nature.
This notable procUuwtfon 11 followed by a dificrtatio*
fee Crane, an a did) ferved up at great tables ;n England j
Mr. Pfg^e '■ tit this birxl is now become an utter r ranger n>
our country. Immediately after Ibis paper, we have a ear*
rinus rr!.;tion of a Roman fepulclirc found near York in 176I;
byjobn Burton, M D. 1 his pentJeman has alto JtnuaW
the next Dumber, which iives an account of ibnac R«mnB>
tiquities discovered in Yorklbite, 1770.
The old wall &t Vcrc'lain is well north attention ; a dtscrif-
ti in <rf it is here lard before us by Mr. Webflwr, In a letter *
iiifhop Lytt!cten ; irs which, among other ibiugi, the Room
bricks are mm parol with the modern, a companion wr»cnoar
Readers will conclude proves greatly to the drtadvantastcoc' tat
latter: Mr.Wcb'fter, havl jiird foinccxpcnrnentswfcc*
lie had made, adds, * "I his ttiew? how nrncti the porotn bricks
Id neon us, uui confequcflUy ut bow sraeb Mi fir-
>J durability. This account, when frrioufty confides cd,
itfotds bur a rnrlancholy profp-vl ro thofr who ttt expending
tail fums of money in new buildings, *h*n they reflet upon
the badrfef* of thb princijKi! article, which, in a few tears, muft
icntly moulder away into irs o-irina! rubbifla.
The 39th article .< ugb's coaijectarta on
tn ancient tomb rn the cathedral of Sslsfbury. I his tomb,
petal in Rattan and Saxon capitals round
its edge, Mr.Oougft im-gines to be the feoond oldeft monu-
ment «n the church, and crC&ed to the memory of Roger, the
tfcird Bifhop of Salifli iry, alter thr removal of the fee from
Sbertom to DM Samm. *I h-1 Prelate was a Mmplc mift orteft
forth, in the fohutbt e>f Caen, where Henry I. chanced
with his olBccri to perform his devotions. The dif-
viih which Roger vrent through the orXccs was his re-
uramenJiticn at a proper chaplain for etc troops, and he
i >i In frith Henry's crdcr, between jell and carnell,
n. He was promoted jftcrwatdj to all the higheft
OaVcs of the ftatc, and was no:cd for his rruninccncej but he.
liVrd to fee? a reverfr of fort one, when he facrificcd the intr refts
of id patron * Facnily, and took part with King Stephen.
VTe next meet with a pretty accoiHrt of an illuminated rna-
oafrnpt in the library at Corpus Chtifli College, Cambridge i
Tyfun. The book, which h written od rrllom, is a
P'rench trinflatimi of Cardinal Borravtrrttira'a Jifeof Chnlt, by
Itfcn Galoots, Dean of the collegiate church of Salfoyc in
ndy. The illumination rsprefents the Translator pre-
work toHctuy V. who receive* him on his thror.c
* t*L
Remark* on Mr. Wilpolc'i hiftoxic doubts on the life and
topi of King Richard the Third, hy R. Matters, B.I), form
g and fcnfiolc article; in which the ingenious Writer en-
ftvcw how Iktie foundation there is for fome of
.i!f*s!c': fur mite*,
Att. p. Observations on a Grtck inferiptron on a marbfe
Irnaght from Athens ; by Daniel Wray, Kfcp Thia inferiprion
ly a Ifft of Greek name*, bcin^ no way useful for <t-
if hiflor) or chrdnolo^y, or illustrating anrirnt
bnw. However, the mannrr cf wfti*g9 Mr. Wray thinks
: to rxcir . , as the termirutio.ay are rather p«*
(tat letters of the mo'l ancient form, and fome not to
be found on any marble, chough fuflicicntly warranted en
■/coin , } ;iT*ge?t of ancient wntcri. Tr« A 1 h >r dif-
i! t!»c reflections he makei 00
dfcinf • %
Lint of certain Tartarian antiquities is very avicfingi
ft ii contained in a letter Jiom Paul DcmidofTj Efq-, at Pe^cs<-
Ktv. Oa 1773' S \sut^>
i$% Jubntotogla i cr9 Mifallantous Trails relating to Antiqnitj*
burgh, to Mr. Peter Collinfon, dated Sept. 17, 1764. Tbc
Ruffians in effecting a practicable road to China, difcovcreiUa-
Utitude 50 North, between the rivers Irtilh and QbaleA, »oe-
fert of a very confiderable extent, overfpread in many parts with
Tumuli, or Barrows, which have been alfo taken noiice.of by
Mr. Bell and other writers. Thisdefcrt conftitutes the fbutbern
boundary of Siberia. It is faid that the borderers on tbc deifr*
have, for many years, continued to dig for the treafuie depo-
fited in thefe tumuli, which foil however remain unexhaufted.
We are told that they find confiderable quantities of gold, film,
and brafs, and forr.e precious (tones, among the afher, and re-
mains of the dead bodies j alfo hilts of fwords, armour, oraft-
ments for faddlcs and bridles, and other trappings, with the
bones of thofc animals to which th» trappings belonged, among
which are the bones of elephants. ' The Ruffian court, fays
Mr. DcmidofT, being informed of thefe depredations, fent a
principal officer, with fufficient troops, to open fuch> of thefe
tumuli, as were too large for the marauding parties to under-
take, and to fecure their contents. This officer, on taking a
furvey of the numberlefs monuments of the dead fpread ojtf
this great defert, concluded that .the barrow of the JargeftcS?
mentions moil probably contained the remains of the prince or
chief: and he was not miftaken; for, after removing away
deep covering of earth and {tones, the workmen came to three
vaults, conflruclcd of flones, of rude work manfhip; a view*/
which is exhibited in the engraving. That wherein tbc prince
was depofited, which was in the centre, and the largeft of At
three, was eality diltinguiihed by the fword, fpear, bow, quiver,
and arrow, which lay befide him. In the vault beyond nun.
towards which his feet lay, were his horfe, bridle, faddle.aoi
flirrups. The body of the prince lay in a reclining pofturey ejt
a fhect of pure gold, extending from head to foor> and another
ihect of gold, of the like dimenfions, was fpread over him. He
•was wrapt in a rich mantle, bordered with gold, and flndw
with rubies aad emeralds* His head, neck, breaft, and arm*
naked, and without any ornament. Iu the letter vault lay the
princefsr diftinguifhed by her female ornaments. She waft
filaced reclining againft the wall, with a gold chain of many
inks, fet with rubies, round her neck, and gold bracelets row
her arms. The head, bread, and arms were naked. Tb*
body was covered with a rich robe, but without any border tf
gold or jewels, and was laid on a meet of fine gold, and ce+
vcred over with another. The four flieets of gold weigbel
40 lb. The robes of both looked fair and complete; but it
touching, crumbled into d aft. Many more of the tumuli we*
•pened, but this was the moil remarkable, la -the others I
,0.-''
jfr(lM*bji*i *r$ Iftfaitow*! TrtOi sv.Wr/ n /fat'fi/Jty. 259
great variety of curium articles were found, the princfj»f 0/
tonrcft air «xlut>i(c4i in the Plato,'
•1 ha* a romantic air, and wrou'd feem
nt^hly improbable from that rjde part of the world, Due there
cats be no doubt of the rcracitj- of thofe gentlemen by whom it
w deli. the numerous tumuli fprcsd About tbj*
plain arc probably the buryirg places of ancient hcrocv irh>
an hwlc, but I oa what occafions the bauka
norc uncertain. Mr. Hell is faid to hive been,
•old hjr fume 1 .ir:j* that Tamerlane had many engagement* la
*tf country with the Calrauc Tartar*, whom he attempted ta
> aim
in Rcm&o'.d Forftcr presents or, in the i'uccecdiog
vtitJc, with Tome obfcnation* ou the fc Tartarian antiquities*
which difcover his diligence and his knowlcg^ 1 fub-
jet"b. VVc (hall confine ourJrlyea to what he haa faid con-
caning the prince and princeu whofc bodies were found ia
tat vaults above- mentioned. ' OV-r^ws-A^wn, faya he, wa*
tte founJer of a very large empire, which, under the govern-
ment of KaMar- Khan, alter the conduct! of the fouthcrn part*
of China, comprehended almuft all Afu. The plunder of
the whole £ait mutt necdTarily increaie the wealth and richc*
• people, i'o that wc hsvc no reafon to be fuxprircd ac
fading fnch plenty of gold and filver In their grave*. But very
early after the time of Kublal-Khan, who died in the rear
1394, the different prince J of the pofterisy of Genghix-^han
"i (Ac rcmoieft part) of his dominion*, began to affurae indeptn*
I and from this epoch 1 date the decline or" the.
power ana riches of the Monnuh To thia alfo the civil *arara\
contributed; fo that in the lime of Amir-Umur-kl)
ttonly known b> the name at TamcrJan, who rejgncd from)
51434, all thofe paty Kiwi: j, excepting the Emperor
■ 1 weakened, thai none trf tl.tm could refill
(lie poi uj prince. I qu makes me believe tbat tho
1 -.. place the year » 1294 and
1404-, while tnc remains of trie booty of Afia, and a part of
Europe, were jet in the baud* of tbofc piincca, and the/ wctd
fetomc independent."
Mr. FvrlUr pio\e<d> to enquire f o-n whence thefc people
tted fucn in fo gnod n talte.
Come icaibri for ackuov, .hat, tU. u.;;i the JcTuiea
en fnch an acounr of Chin; make one boliavti
all the arts and sciences in
•MP the carlicft times, he could never
limielf to admit the truth or* theic accounts. 4 Un-
•, fays he, acquainted with the am MX<1
%-cty ofteo obferved, that tUe Cnvcttte*
kdh tbtk pan . flies* a very ifl gi'_: ajid (cn'sVc ypr
[*« in
niitt, without BiJ spirit , in J that <bc utmoft ire may allow to*
them t«, that they .ire inrfurtrioMj and re ry good imitator*.—
Nay, I am perfuaJcd that any other ingciiJov* and fpiritcd na-
tion, with the a<*r antage of fitrh a happy donate, lururiancy
;nd affluence of all ulcful pToductxms, would hare
brought the art* and f< II Ightf perfection, with
the lame encouragement and under the fame government. Ob
thia account I cannot believe that the Chintfc were the nation
who tiMht the Mongol?, in theft early time*, to execute fuea
*>rnamcnt* as we find in thefe grave*. Since the arts
and fcif nee* begin to frtead over Europe, the nation* who in-
habit it have excelled all the reft of the world in learning and
works of tafte and geniii«. Friar RubriieiuK informs in, that
be met at the court of Mangu-khan, IKiUxGrn ]i*uther% a native
of Paris, whu was £uldfiniih totbi Khan, arid executed
Ornaments and pi<ees of work in a very maftcrly manner;
Which account he was not only decerned, but alto very libe-
rally rewarded by the Khan. A young Ruffian architect like-
wife found much employment and encouragement among the
Mongult. A few yean before this, Ftfar Carpini wa^ reli
by Cofma*, a Ruffian goldfmrth, who made the iirpcrial th
and fail, Theft* few examples are the (trongrfr arguments
that China (whereof the northern pirts were already fubjcfl to
ju*klian) and .»FI the Eaft, had no flcilful srtift* ; and that
the MoneuU muft thercfo:e have hnd Ihem from Europe;
the European* were the matters and firil teacher* both
the Mongiif * and Chlnefe.'
Mr. Forfter fmifcSe? hi* dirTcrtation with an account of th
rfirTerent funeral ceremonfe i of thefe nation i, which he ha* per
re more fully qualified to illuRrattf
ies: an«i accordingly hr acquaint* us thit he in-
tends to publilh an I account of the Khalmtaclcs, tbeif
reJic^lon, literature, iud manners. He inform* us of rl
ferent rncthodt of funeral* which prevail amort;; then* ; and*
fpraking of the lower people, he fay*, tht ftortr firt art drtmxf.
Mr. Forfter it not in Knglifhma.n, but furek the Editor of isefe
papers might have corrected what h here w4 of drtvmn^ oW
Cjorernor Pownall, >a hi* dtfctiption of the fc^ulcbraj ra>
niimrnt at New Ctrange, near Droghttta, in Ireland, lays be-
fore ui farther renurk* on thefe tumuli or harrow* in Tanarfi
and add* fotnc is cximnuntcated to him from gentle-
men who hire been in thefe p*rt*,aBd refided there fornc
He refers them to a much higher aiuiqair) than Mr. Forucr
feerm to allow; mppoftlng, on the tefliroonyof Hcrodot >
they arc Scythian tepulcbrei : at the fame time he acknowledge*
tbarfcmc truy be of a>tt»tch\atei 6*tt, v\i therefore both the'r
ironc
nefio
"to
at
i
i6i
Ankmiqh; w, JMtfrtHawm Trafls rthtir^ ft fiti§*Ttf\
*unje<turea may Lc true. To obviate the furprite which the
Anamination may bt Aruck With from tbtqiunj ty ol gold (aid
ro be found in tbefc pliers, he refcas alio to Ifeindotui, who
fpeaks of eke Scythians a* placing cups of jrsWm the royal. fe.
hies, and DMAUOM litver and brafa as hoc u cd among
tfacm : befiJci which the Governor adds, from, a memoir com-
municated to him by Xlonf. dc Stchlin, councilor ol Hate, and
focretary to the Academy of Science* at Pcicrfburgb, * thai
among the Mongul Tartar* there were Hord;, callcJ ihc loJo-
taja Hoids, or Hofdft of GJJ, fioin the abundance of that
metal, and o;hcr riches found amongrt tftcm.*
Gorcrnoe Pownall's dilTcruticn la very !on£, irnfiMe, and
learned ; he introduces hi* remarks on the fepulchre at New
Grange, by a drgrcflion rclpcciing the iuhibitauts of tl ■ L.i-
ropean pant of our globe* and the migrations of the COlojD
which lupcrfeded or uiicrnaixcd wi;h them : but hi* ingenious
account M too long for a* to inicfl m abridge : the barrow
eh occafioned hit dilTcrtaticn fi a pyramid ol &\ nc, com-
piled of pebble or exilic ft one?, fuch as arc cotnmi nly ufcJ in
pATinf : the (olid contents; of tUi- pile arc faid to amount to
cue .i-judrcd and tight) -nine thouland tons weight of ftonc.
* What conceptions then, fay* Governor Pownall, mult wt
hare of the cxpciicc of labout and time, and of the number of
hand* uccciur? to fuch 2 worlt, when we understand that thefr*
Hones mult have been brought hither mt Jcfs than twelve or
fourteen miles from ihc fe* coal*!, ji the mouth of the Boyne ?
Sana materials lie there j but J am allured, by gentlemen wh*
know the country where tbra monument is erected, that there
are no fuch Itoncs as it u compofed of to be found within land.'
The pyramid, 111 ila prdent flace, is but a ruin of what it was,
i: baring long fcrved as a Anne quarry to the country round
ahouju Tosty feet within the body of the pile, when it was ia
its perfect ftatc, was concealed the rnouih of the gallery iead-
iog to a polygon or octagon, in which were found Hone bafoits,
probably intended to receive the aihci of the dead. On a flat
irone in ihc cemetery enc attea ivi i i\ 1 01 overed fome
rsutk> which he thought tu be trace* of letters; be had them
accurately copied } but, after a careful examination, none whom
be has consulted can form a gurls wha: the characters arc;
ho; himfelf to conjecture that the inferiptioa
i< PhornUian, and contains only numerals: he farther fuppoic*
that there nuy have beer, c this barrow was creeled.
Came marine or naval monument crclU-J at the mouth of ihc
hy fome ol the eatUrn people 10 whom the port* «f lre>
iaaJ s»crc well known, and that this monument haying fallen
ruin, thefc ruins were collected among the rclt uf the fhore
S 3 ftuam.
a6t Archoeokgia *, or, Mifitllaneoui Trafls relating to Antiquity*
{tones with which this barrow was conftru&ed, and fo were in*. *
termixed -and became part of it.
The 36th article prefents us with a fuccinft and authentic
narrative of the battle of Chefterfield, A. D. 1266, in the reign
of King Henry III. by Mr. Pegge. The 37th contains a rela-
tion of a Roman pavement, found at Colchefter, with wheal
underneath it : by Dr. Griffith, and communicated by Edward
King, Efq. An account of this curiofity has appeared in fomer*.
of the periodical papers. The following number confifts of ob«?
fcrvations on fepulchral monuments, in a letter from Mr. Le«
thieullier to James Weft, Efq. It is ingenious and amufing s
the Author propofes fome directions, by following which it
may, with fome probability at leaft, be difcoverrd to what fa-
mily the monument belongs though the infer iption on it has
been defaced.
The next article is of a very confiderable length : it was
drawn up by Francis Maferes, Efq; and is intituled, A View
of the ancient Conftitution of the Englifh Parliament. Thii .
has given rife to a difTertatton, written by Charles Mcllifh, Efq*
in Which, though he acknowledges be has received great infor* ■
mation from the many ingenious remarks which Mr. Maferet ;
has made, he cxprcfles fome doubts concerning particular doc-
trines that gentleman has advanced, and proceeds freely, but
with candour and politcncfs, to examine and difcufs them.
Number 41 of this volume gives a relation of Druidical re«
mains in or near the parifh of Halifax in Yorkfhire, which wert.
di (covered and explained by the Rev. John Watfon, M. A.
F. S. A. The rocking {tone, fituatcd on Golcar hill, feems
the moft remarkable of thefc remains : it gives the name of
Hole Jlone Moor to the adjoining grounds : it is about ten fetti
and half in length, nine feet four or five inches broad, and fivr
feet three inches thick. Ifrefts on fo (mall a center, that at
one particular point, a man may caufe it to rock, though it .
has been damaged a little in this refpeA by fome mafons, whe>
endeavoured to difcover the principle on which fo large ■% •-•
weight was made to move.
1 here are fome other curious particulars in this article 1 but
we proceed to mention the 42c! and laft, which is an extract of
? letter from the Rev. 'Mr. Bentham, of Ely, concerning cer-
tain difcoveries in Ely Mi niter 5 for farther particulars of which/.
we mud leave our Readers to confult the volume itfelf. W«
fiave only room to add, that the number of copper-plates U
this publication aie 23, and that they contribute greatly to the
perfpicui'.T, the beauty, and the entertainment afforded by tbi|i
collcdiQnT ' r.
< . Aft*'
r »3 i
WO. J FSafaxtr**; P9tm /■-«■. . ^^
'•/•./. !.*:(:• n David Mi-
t , n ri* Majclly'j Univcrt'ty at Got tin gen, to Sir
Jaba rVwglc. B<irt. e occurring tkc iJtxnj Weeks of P.
tfro. 5 a. feud. Caiiell. i
THIS celebrated piediftton, in t he ninth cfapterof Daniel,
v. 2+ 27, hae frequently employed the though:
aeni of the learned; much [kill and erudition have been diT-
playcd in illurrrattng it, and, on the whole, the eventt, to
*hich its different pa«U have been applied, hit* appeared to ac-
cord rery well with tktc prophecy. B.ir notwithstanding the
<vi£*acc anting froai hence in iiisour of revelation, on the
common hucrprckttion, thoughtful and enquiring perfonc hare
bfenvery feniibie of the difficulties and ol>j*£tions ItMndli
«d bare ufcd great diligence in endeavouring to remove them.
Taefe difficultly have led Dr, MtcJiaetui to conclude, either
iaat the text is corrupted, or that xhn prophecy, wnicfi bn
breg cftcemed one /TAif Au/twur4 of the Chriftian rcl
fair where he fhould be molt appn-herrfivc or hi being urtrfer-
«i»t There are two thine* which, in hi* view, render the
Ctpfccation generally received ainong Chriftians fufpicious : the
oae U the little attention which he thinks ha* been giren to a
critical examination of the words; the other, the neglect ot
drfcrent readings, which, on a careful. collation, appear to be
euny, t and what, he aids, is a very principal confulcration,
tAcnumuerj tracrafelvea ate changed. Now, firw he, can any
taioj ee thought more rati, or more remote from anyexpec-
uutli, than an attempt to explain a paf-
*a»e of this kind, hefore tfte various readings hare been earr-
Wly examined ? The interpretation depend* wholly on the
JMofttri, of which the 24th, 25th, and 26th vcrfei are full;
bit rraafcribcr* more frecuentU err in their accounts of num-
em-shan in any thing elfc ; add to which, that the whole book
4 Daniel n attcnoVd with various readings, and is come down
^ ua no* ro carefully copied as other parts of the facrcd vo-
%emej on which account* whoever wmilrf inter prer ir> nuift
either confide r it critically or mult fall into errors, unlets bo
AouU jtid^e it hetirr to defift from thceflay.'
took objections fltcainlt the prcfent veifion of thia pro-
9*ccy, our learned Critic adds foruc others : one of lei's, though
<rf feme inomenr, be thinks is, that wc do not appear to have
<a is » predidioo ibJaiciefttly adapted to the prayer which Da-
ne! kad juft onSrrcd. He had fupplicated in favour of his city
aa4 ho people, chat the Utter might be rcftored to their coun-
i:fi lad tlut tac lojoKr might be rebuilt : be roccivca an an-
4*
w«
^64 Michaelis on the Seventy Weeks of Daniel
fwcr concerning the Meffiab, whom be had not once mffltioaa^
i» his prayer. Dr. Michaelis properly obfervea that it canja>{
be any way furprifing to And fomething laid of the MeAaavtn
this celeftial meflagc ; but if any particular deftined period.' b(
ages was foretold to the prophet after he had been prayingln
t*tu|f of his own people and nation, it fcems moft natmrtl,
* be thinks, to conclude that the reply would not have been
confined to a period which fhould end either with the advene or
the death of the Meffiah, but would have fixed on one that
fhould terminate in fome more Ggnal fate of the Jewifh people,
city, and temple ; poflibly in their utter deftru&ion ; whereat,
according to the common verfion and interpretation of this pre-
diction, Jerusalem was not deftroyed till long after the expira-
tion of the LXX weeks, the term here deftined.
We think there is truth and weight in this ebfervatioo,
though every perfon acquainted witb thefe fubjeds will allow
that a more certain account of the time determined for the. ad-
vent of the Median, the great deliverer fo earnefUy expe&eifrby.
* the Jews, was likely to afford fatisfaeUon to the mind of thai
prophet, and might be regarded as (ome anfwer to his pray**,
notwithitanding his not having qxprefsly made this a part o|
his petitions.
The time alfo on which molt commentators have fixed far
the commencement of the Seventy weeks is a very capital abjec-
tion, with our ingenious Author, to the interpretation they
have given : Qnce they generally fix this time, not from the
delivery of the oracle, nor from the return of the Jews into,
Paleftine, or from the edi& of Cyrus ; but, becaufe it beft coav
ports with their bypothefu, from the twentieth year of Aatsx-
erxes Longimanus, which Daniel, who was directed to makaa
computation, did not live to fee : proceeding in an inverted
order, they firft determine that the feventy weeks were ind&
rutably to expire, not at the feafon when Jerufalem was taken,
ut when Chrift was crucified. From this period, add* oar
Critic, thus arbitrarily chofen, they reckon backward, in order
to find the 490th year, and there they begin the feventy weeks;
on which, exulting in their fuccefs, they employ this predic-
tion to convince the Jews, and other oppofers of reveaiediaV
Jig ion. , " •*£
PoGibly M. Michaelis is rather too free, and (c%trc9 in. tie
accufaiions he brings agai'nlt his fcl low- labourers in thur field ©i
knowlege ; many of whom, whatever may have been tbeirjaaf
takes, haye manifefUd great; acutenefa and learning in eodea>
VouriAg'toillufUate this paiTage; although it miift be own**
the track which he has chofen bids much fairer for ,cobda3sn|
us to,, the. truth.. Ho: hat,, with great care and diligence, aaV
inwiirf.thpfe^ajaurVipJS.axwL'vtxfions. which he could obta^
"''' ' ' '" ■*" " >S
MfchiciU n tit Swsty Huh *f Dww/>.
*S
nod hopes that, by the right of forne others he iluli hercafc*-
be aMc more (wily to elucidate the poilJ^e. ScflM cxtra&a
which Sir John Pr»ng)e procured for bi
together with a ro;u.nc in the poflfttiioo of the Landgme of
JUfTe, appear (o have been of prim e in cwrripleatiny
kU new tranllition. He critical!) conliden each member of the
yciJca in qucftktn, and ofi'cr* fcveral obieivutions on them :
arr.oog others which aie very material, that of computing the
focnty week* by Uwarjtars is not the Icaft ; though othci cri-
tic* hive proposed the lame mcrhod or' computation beroi
crueiii. In the 15th vcii= inllcad ot J~4ptex.\ < been
the more general reading, following the ffeflian volume, h»
infcrtt ffpt*d{iniay which prccucei a great alteration in *]ic
prophecy : hut wc will Uy before our Readers (he whole of hi*
tcruon :
&epU*fixto ttii bt^Jwadct prtnistwOter^ nrij /#uVf n/ tm* ft-
k$i H p**jp***> fmbw tf> idetorrias crime** p*nm // pr*ftaht
^faiu, fmnfkiu $fft Jtfm rcMit piciut mtetawptt pro-
vetiemta ftrtmiig !mpUb\ixtury evemuf*4 tJtfgmoh/tttur di/X*
pnpkttsrum% rectum ptputi petfmttentium* tMputxfic inui/[krat:-
ttr 0 M4//f «r. //** <»tf/a> a( ftotWMmm £t$k* ttdturttttti fciof
Mmrra tUti tl iettc Mflii*x*t tret texrptrurn ptritdttj ah <e*/u>
iifea*d* H\ersf%bfma oraevli p.' em;, fe ^iuw
•m [Titutn \';*i('*U-oumJ fit** I'uraamj
hptumri^u hl&muhtm: [Secundum] & r*m.*
[ Irrtram) LXiJ. cnxewm. Aiiiuiahtiur esUmHitrtjttjma, pre-
mt mvici wer#wt f&tnrfr */ win mur.it* muni&uJfUf tint!*. Sutcr-
dtm$ autem iienem eetmU/o //^J»fl, /up furrum yfaw, tump* f+fi
*'J*x, f**i jfisa't LXIL anrw% ^.l/tjus ixUeiittm rtUu *Jfeut% ju-
hci*m?ut hoMii* atfuc i/jfr, tutn iirferatw v/ffrara, *t**rx ft
For the fitisfactem of the mere EngliuS Reader we fluli add
tunftafcon 01 the above p*rag.-*(ih :
Sri**: j IS reii ofkappinefs and prefperity art ptctxi/U ts tl
y artci *£tit*t J*rmg which /*/ pttpU /Mi f *.<+$fati
fmmit* crimt •/ ids*'- ' -.t) ySW*' fit *j^*' r pitty ur^d
fnktysfmeuiurtj&iit ritum^ tee ptapbniei of J<rtm*uJbe>Sli* f*i-
>&:>', wuJ tit Jeth' ■ pottt pree*jfi#g tin rtfi9r*n*\4j
the p**fi'» A»'V i^/ tttujlti iy th, .i //./ lempUjh&ii It
. mtre fulS) Q*a
m^mimtjld With tttft tlit.li, rair&tr to (iy/'*/ e*J .«.///>./> Jsflitf
tm£ thru pcrhdx ef lr«v, fnm the pr*mvli*ii** »f tlu prapoetj,
I'w/rniwg tin re-attiftttfiau tf'Jirujvltex% ctm unit tb* Mfjjiaband
0« tempers . Velpili^nJ : [The f\ti\] Srtvntj I
(The focondj Scztntyytart % [ The third] SUtj'tuet jmirv. J*-
nfiJem fhedl it rebuilt) firfl in tf?e rnoxnsr tf a flTtitt then as o
fmxfmd city tntsmptfid wtib mitt, Bui talonutiui timet Jnall
turn
*6$ Michaelis on the Seventy Weeh of Daniel.
again futceedj at the end of which, namely after the Jixty-tu* jecrt
which 7 have mentioned, AfeJJiab Jhak bring en deflrnQ'ten^ . and -
JbaU exercife judgment, and be, with the Emperor^ wbe it abent t» ■ :
4onu9 JbaU evert brow the city and the fanSluarj* - •-
We {hall add to the above a translation of fome general «e*
marks on thefe' verfes, which -we find in the fecond lettec
Speaking of the feventy weeks in the Tuft part of the prediction, ,
it is obfervcd, * thefe are 490 lunar years, 474 or 475 folar
ones, which flowed from the fir ft publication of the oracle to *
the year of the world 3941, during which period the Jewifh at
fairs were in an improving Hate, the city and temple being re-
stored, the people 'living comfortably under the Perfians, and *
keeping free from idolatry ; afterwards they gained favour with
Alexander and moft of his fucceflbrs, and when the Syrians
began to moleft them, after fome victories, they recovered their
rights : the year 3941 was the conclufion of this profperous
Irate, for in this year Jerusalem was taken by Pompey, and
the people became fubjeel to the hard and perpetual dominion
ipf the Romans/
After thefe reflections on the feventy weeh, it is only reqw- '
Cite to take notice of the obfervaiions on the two latter of the
three periods mentioned in the farther part of this prophecy;
'■The fecond period is faid to be feventy years \ ■ That is, 67 or
■68 folar years, reaching (according to Ufher) to the year 4009,
in which year Judea was reduced into the form of a province*
and the hi it cenfus was made under Sfuirintnt*
The third period is fixty-two years, * That is, 60 foJfcr
years, extending to the year 4069, or of Chrift 66, on the con-
clufion of which year the Jewifh war immediately commenced,
•in which the Metiiah, -employing the arms of Vefpafian and the
Romans, utterly deftroyei the Jewifti city and temple, over-
turned their facred things and the whole commonwealth.*
The latter part of the prediction our Author leaves in an hd-
•perfecl Hate; wc (hall infert it as it appears -in his work— -
'Fejltnabitur autem hujus belli fnisy et fepte*'
mium. Ni/jns jeptennii medio definent facrificia, et fuptr tempbm
veniet vajiatsr et But the end of '
.this war JbaU be hafitned, and . /even years, f*
•the midji of the f even years the facrifices Jltall ceofr, and the deflropr l
ybalicome npon the temple and .......... uj u
On thele imperfedt fentences we have the following Untt'iW1
marks; * Jerufalem was attacked with an incredible fury, anil
•fpeedily taken, even beyond the hope of Tiius Vefpafian. Tfca"'
*war laftcd feven years,* and in the month of July, A. D. 7Jfnl
the facrifices failed bsczufc the befieged rould not be fupphW'
with victims.*
... .*Sfc*
Orr*! &MMfe %tf
We bare thus hid before our Readers i fhert view of this
tee's explication of the prophecv : hi* labour*
Ur* been well employed, and lib work ccrcatnir merits a care-
hi attention : he hopes to be able hinUc ova it, par-
tcastrly by means of the Septuagint vetfion of Daniel, now
rw trorn a manukrint it Rom-, and :hit he may ofcnia
tther afii.iancc for this purpofe. He doe* not confidently pro-
joJr h'u interpretation ai undoubtedly terum ; ml En regard
Kibe latter part of the paragraph, he thinks it no diflionour
acknowledge hil ignorance, though he irulis that a farther
critical enquiry may throw grocer light on it.
. Sfrmtmt tf the kit Kevtrtaf Jd't Orr. J). D. Archil
of Fern*, FrepareJ for Oft tWi by the Author. Svo,
Wi. Boards. Cadeil.
HE preface to thefc Toltimet, datr-.l in October 1765,
fhtwi that the di.'courlc* the) 1 have been Lug
eeadr for publication, though i: wj* r«»t to take place till after
ale of the worthy and well-known Writer. He pro-
tein hn apprehennon iha: to add to the multitude of fcrnions
statdy extant may carry the appearance of raihnefs and indif-
cnticn : at the fame time he ttufh that .«uiiiUl the diffiputiun
of the age, with the wretched coldnefs and indiri'ereiKcof many,
at* of the worft of characters, in all matters of a fcrious iu-
od the prejudice* of other*, there axe a few, perhaps
n«c lhaa can catily be known, who will be ^lad to have any
fetitiiui put into ihcir handsk that can convey any wholcfomc
infiruaioo into their minds, and contribute to their cftab
r»ni in good principles, or that can hcighscn iheir
. ind quicken tin n and reJilh of virtue*
' Fur the ufr jii * Icmic of fecb, thcieiuic, tiicfc J'ciuiuns 410
t*>* ffiadc pLbi.c.'
the Author adJa another.
•it. that ai he h^d t±<cn confuierable paijM in preparing levc-
n\td tbcfc difcou/fca ior tnc 111 -:ruci; ..0 -nd entertainment of
£rioua and good miiWr, he did not i ! the ufe of t^cm
IftxaJJ bi. to the (mall circle to which they were a: 11. ft
1 ;1 ; buc was willing that all. wto aic plcalcd tu look
juld have an> Unciu or advantage which they are
o^abte ot affording.
koncludm^ fcr.teree* of this preface difepver the uoaf-
picty and integrity of ihc Writer's, heart, together with
jpceti of futurity, v...., q the
Jn&*c of true religion alone can unpirc anu bcuW.
1 Ai the Author hath 1 a period of lift and flat*
•f kealiJ.> which will not pe/pit cf hi* being much tuott v\t-
168 Ons Sermons,
fii!, nor probably of bis continuing much lopger in the prefect
icene ; he thanketh God, that under increafing infirmities of
body* and an apptehenfion of his approaching diffolution, he
poflefleth his foul in patience and ferenity, and hath the moll
fmcere confolation and joy, from a reflection on his haring
laboured for by far the greater part of his life, with at leafi aa
honed zeal and affiduity, in the fervice of religion, fie can-
not, indeed, flatter himfcelf with the thoughts of having been
actually the author of rnucb good, by all his pains in3 iilir
gence -, but of a hearty good will to the beft of caufes, and of
well-meant endeavours to have ferved and promoted it, he if
fully confeious. And upon this foundation, notwitbftandiof .
bis defects and failings, of which he is very .fenfibjc, and whicj
are the matter of his unfeigned humiliation and mourning, hi
prefumeth to look up, with an humble hope, to the fupreroc
judge of his conduct, and arbiter of his fate ; waiting fir bi\
mrrrt, through J'fus Cbrift9 unto ttrrnal lift* yfmtn.'
The honeft and pious fpirit manifefted in the above paf&g*
runs through the fermon9, which are rational, fenfible, am
ingenious : they are plainly but agreeably written ; and all «f
than have a practical tendency ; they are calculated to infer*
the underftanding, to convince the judgment, and to fill tk
heart with an ardent zeal for the advancement of true reUgiaa
and virtue. The Author fometimes finds it requifite to tafaj
notice of difputable points, bnt he feldom dwells on them loogi
and it is evident that he is far from being a Calviniftical, of
what in common acceptation has been ftyied an mthtim
Chriftian.
The confined limits of our Review, and the increafing mua?
ber of our new publications, will not admit of many or Sng ex-
tracts from thefe fermons, however valuable we may deem in cm.
A few paflages, neverthelefs, may be felected ; from whence our
Readers will be enabled to form their own judgment of the
Doctor's manner, and the merit of his compositions.
The fecond fermon in the firit volume is entitled for (nuGnd
ef Man, from Ecclcf. ii. 3. It concludes with the following
reflections :
* From all that has been faid, I think it is abundantly plain,.
what fhould be the principal care and buftnefs of mankind, cm
the rarfing all virtuous or morally good affections in their horn, £
and the exerting them in a conflant courfe of all piety, juflicc,
and humanity. This is what our conscience, the higheft prin-
ciple in our nature, above all things approves and rceoin.menc»,
and what our reafon and experience afliire us rs the moft eftc-
tual means of promoting our greateft happinefs. This there-
fore it may be iufily expected will be the thing, in which* we
will chiefly employ ourfelvot. It is certain we cannot do onVr-
wife
wifp without violating the law of cwr itottrrt, and aclfng the
I tidcnt and lr.rxcufablc part /£■*/ rati Jr. The cundoel
i exceedingly confetnpllWe, how much foever
many be difpoftd to think otherw:fc, who infiead of makirtjrit
; main concern to improve in them felvei thofc liifpofit'Ofw,
which arc the true excellency and happmef* of their nature,
pre them (elves up to UIIcncG, or the purfu'rts of trifling amufe-
ments and dtverflonc, which ire of no worth and u<e ro them,
tut fcrrr only to nafic their time, which might be laid out to
tery vaJuihlr'purpnfrs ; orwho are fond ahorr all rhinji to be-
eceoc remarkable for thofe qualities and way* of living which
the wot' polite and fafli unable, though every man of
common reflection may foon fee that they have but linJe con*
ion with the things which are really love!;, mrahlcj
ard that the plealure which they afford is very fanuttical ana
perhaps who are wholb intent on heaping up
or acquiring fame, power, and grandeur in the world,
with a dctign to employ thefc advmrajes in promoting tlw
honour of Cr*l .'-nil the h'ppi.irf( of mankind, bi:t merely to
y their defire of poJIHKng them j all thei- purf<ai;s are very
cirTrrer.t from the great end and bufinefs of life, and men hy
p>in£ into them fhew £rcat inadvertence and wcaknefj, and
i and <o: i a!, and find
in the conelufvofi that they hai-e not corfulted :heir own hap-
•£$ fo well by them, a> they rri^ht have done by another
courfc of aelion." The only way to difcharge the btifme^ which
mot proper!* belong* 10 us, and c? attain to that perfection
and happineft, which out mod gracioui Creator, by the frame
of our nature, hai defined fcr ua, 11 to lay out our chief care
in malting o»ir hearts and rrmpen gnod, or in the praflicc of
ali re'i;^on and virtue, and to make all the other affair* in
which we engage fubfervient to this. When we do fo we an-
fwer the end for which we were made, ait up to the dignity of
our beings, and lay a fure foundation fot cur enjoying the
treated tranquilit* faction. And that we may manage
n fucccfifully, it will be ufeful tofatisty our mind\, on
ration*] ground!, that the improving our (rivet in rfouc La in-
deed 1 ci pal concern, a thing of the higheft excellency
*r.d vtmofl imrortanrr to our happrnefs. If we were fully per-
rd of this and had a Krone fetrc of it frequently recurring
would present our foflowii rniftakert
course < 1 Hop us Oioit if we hive entered upon at, and
woi e the monger) paflions and affcGiotu in our ui-
turc in the purfutt o» virtue, and make us eariaeft and dUJjcfft
uilly toincreafe In
The thirteenth fermor. treicl OftbtS'MBtb, from Mctk ii. zj.
Ceiicciouig our ob! igation to obtorc which the Preacher rastutv.
tyo Orr'j Strmnt,
« Excepting what was peculiar to the Jews in the inftituthalf
we feem to be as much bound to the obfervation of it aa any
perfons ever were. We are as much concerned, as any men
can be fuppofed to have ever been, to fet fome time apart. Jot
worfhipping him who made the heavens and the earth, our-
felves, and all other things contained in them $ for contem-
plating and adoring his perfections difcovered in his works, and
for exprefling all that homage, duty, and obedience to him,
which, as bis creatures* and the fubjcclsof his ttofi wife and
righteous government, we owe to him ; and on which we may
like wife indulge ourfelves in a ftate of cafe and freedom from our
worldly cares and anxieties, and allow to labourers and fervant*,
and to the cattle, a neceflary refrefhment and ceuation from bodily
toils and drudgeries. In all this there feetas to be fametbing
firiclly moral, which is equally obligatory on all men, and in au
ages whatfoever. And as to devoting particularly a feventh part
of our time to there purpofes ; it is, firft, plain that this is in ge-
neral a very fit proportion of time to be dedicated to thefc uies,
as we find in experience i( neither takes us too much off from
the bufinefs and duties of common life, nor leaves too great aa
interval for religious impreffions to wear away: it is Tikevrfia
evident, that it is neceflary that the time which is to be fet
apart for religious contemplation, and the worftup of God, and
for giving relt to man and beaft, fhould be afcertained by fomfl
competent authority, fince other wife it would never be obfervtd
with any order and regularity: and, as it appears front the beft
light we can have into a matter fo remote, and of fuch great
antiquity, that a feventh day was from the beginning allotted
to thefe ends, by him who knew bed what was moil fuitedto
the nature and neccflitiesof men : as the fame appointment was
renewed and continued under the law, and has been always
obferved under the Chriftian dJfpenfation ; we may very well
conclude that we are obliged, by an authority more than hu-
man, to dedicate one day in every week to religious exexcifet,
and the folcmn worihip of God, and to the giving ourielves,
and thofe who are under our power, fome eafe and refrefhment
after the hurry and trouble of worldly bufinefs. However, as,
the obfervation of one day in feven, as a time of facred reft, is,
of purely pofitive appointment, our obligation to obferve it as
fuch muft be always underftood to be accompanied with the
tacit exception, that the obfervation of it will interfere with np>
moral duty, with no neceflary ad of felf-prefervatioA, nor any*
urgent call of humanity and charity : for if it fhould interfere,
as it fometimes may, with any of thefe, our obligation to it
would for the time ceafc, according to the natural jfeofe. of .Que.
own minds concerning the fubordination of all ritual -and po-
fitive duties, to thole which are moral and in their own nature
Orr'r Sermav.
tft
good, and lilcewife Uie capicf. I of tut Saviour, in this
*rty cafe of keeping the fibbath, which we m«| wish io
fthc NewTdlarociH.1
; fcrraon in the icccnd volume is entitled, N&trtl
Jb£gM« * Prrr- MUZ/, (toot jf&*
L From aurfe we (lull ulcct j rtiort patTaac :
4 If our Saviour's c'ctcrminaii-jn in the text be juil, thzt
fVTTj emf9 tb*i rWfl h&rdand tomtd ofzl* F,
or, 'that whoever b well mitrutted in tbe principles and -
of natural religion, a.iJ Lath an .ilTccliuiwtc practical regard la
ibcn, i\ pieparcd to receive h|i do&rinc, and to commence hni
Jcj or, >9 bccKprcffcj the fame thing In another |
golpcl, with the proof* of it fairly laid before hira, can reject
tr, without a Jcfec) the perfuafioa of hi* mind s» to
ihcfc truths and principles which (ho original light of ntliUfl
icacht tbe attachment of hi* heart iu tbctxu This, it
. *in, cannot affect thofe, who, though they may live iu
/.'**, yet never had cither real Chrillianit), t>t
pofed IP them. But if any man,
an a Chrifticn country o: liberty, :i a^e of knowlcje
and enquiry, who admits and receive* the chorines of natural
b the gofpcl, or i'oubtt its truth, it may furcly
hould bev dctcd byhiinfclf, whether
"J fo» he acta centiJtently and innocently.' Whether hia
incredulity or fcepticifra, with regard to Chtilsianjty, be rccrm-
ciJeable with a due zeal for thofe principle* which he proteJlea
to be! i ackuonlcdges to be of importance (ut ihc good
conduct of life, fince the doctrines of the go/pel are plain y
founded on tticfc piinciplea, and arc a jjreat improvement ot
thrm, tndfttm indttd tt be wanitrf for giving thcra their full
force and eJBcacy for rjovernin< the practice and conversation
of lb* grutejl fart »/ manlmif And whether i ion in
admitting the truth and divine authot n;, of the f.ofpcl, he rcalW
owing to a want of evidence to fail I to thclc points, af-
ter a due coolideraiicn of what has fc«n frequently advanced to
snake them out? Of whether it may not rather proceed from
focne latent prejudices, or at tcrit fiom indolence and inuten-
tion, from a neglect of enquiring and ex:t h all
in a matter of fuch high moment, mufl have fcuatthing gteatly
Uaiocabie in it, and may be attended with vciy unhappy con-
sequences.'
The few worcii, in the above paragraph, which we have put
in Italics, appear to be but a cool manner of fpcaking on ibe
amtoruoce ol revelation, and hardly comport* with that feat*
iyi Orr'i Sermons,
of its value which Dr. Orr el fe where, and frequently, exprefTes*
Whether the explication whichs after Dr. Clarke and others,
he has given of the text in Jofin is really Its genuine fenfe, we
fhall leave to the confideration of our Readers ; only it may
be obferved, that the fact feems to prove this acquaintance with
the principles and duties of natural religion not to be effir.ild
to the reception of the gofpcl, fiuce it rriuft be fuppofed that
numbers of thofe who embraced the Chriftian revelation were
Very ignorant on thefe fubjects.
The eighth fermon treats Of the Influence of the Htfy Spirit $i
the Minds of Men (Luke xi. 13.) 'I think it plain, obferm
this Writer, that the Chriftian religion offers the afEftance of
the Holy Spirit to all who fincerely defire it, and are willing to
afe and improve it for the amendment of their tempers, and
for the good government of their lives: — As to the degree of
fbrength with which this influence is exerted : we are not to
conceive of its operation, as a blind violent impulfe, bearing
down the natural powers and faculties of men, and acling and
carrying them like machines, they know not whither. In the
mem extraordinary converfions which are mentioned in fcripture,
a regard was always had to the human faculties, and the natu-
ral order of their acling ; the happy change being effected in*-
thofe, and to whom the Spirit communicated an uncommon
meafure of grace, by means of juft and clear notions conveyed
into their minds, and rational motives applied to their wills
and affections. And in the ordinary operations of the Spirit,
this regard Is ftill more plainly preferved : for by thefe nothing
|s done for the reformation of men, that looks any way like t .
force on our faculties, but the whole is brought about by me-
thods the moft confident with our nature that can be. Such
as the railing a true fenfe of things in our minds ; giving us
deep impreffions of the excellence of virtue, and lively appre*
fcenlions of the love of God and Chrift ; and fixing- out atteri-*
tion on that happinefs which the gofpel promifeth to the good
and virtuous, and on the punifhment which it threatened x6
the wicked and difobedicnt. By thefe methods, fo agreeable to
the constitution of human nature, the converfioA and reforma-
tion of men are accomplished, as muft be plain from experience,
as well as from the doctrine of holy fcripture, which always re*
prefents the word of God, the feveral rational principles, 'ttt&
tives, and arguments which it contains, as the feed fown by tt*>
Spirit in our hearts, from whence all the fruits of piety And
righteoufnefs proceed. Thefe good fentiments and jmpreifiM (
which the fpint raifes% thefe lively appreheniions which he gives-'*
us of the principles and obligations of Chriftlanity, are ft ranger'-"
or weaker in proportion to the difficulties that we meet With fa*
religion, and according to the nature of the particular1 ftrrfc*
'fe<:K
**
i be c£cA«al in u< f!
n of religion i folly
acv : forTer them t i and decay.'
tj 9mt&}tft<stn Eph, \i, 18, the Author
comic
concerned ir. the ce >■ oitt
j n I til llCfS,
..bat is delivered in hun:*n
. and cftablithcd ariic!<% he plainly pfd If to
pen i Chrlflian, an* what i ics called, ah rvw
;r/«tfV preacher.
Thr imii in llih volgme. On the rm/flrr««r/ trxJ
£*.d lryt is very fcntiMc,
and full u:
to-
, . *chcd nt the ronfo iiapof
ood one.
The tliit*: toll
on!) i" ii i ntior the rfi >c rltit trears n
iJcJ a* an introtloc-
it which follow, and which irtac on tbc
irth,
. the two
• lift and
! JignityamJ honour of :hc man :latc i witb
. and dan^r oi whore .lom and adultery. Theft tw-j '
rKotjbCxd diTcouifo aic introduced by a fcparatc preface, as
nudes of otir Saviour,
VL f«V Elmrrti «/ 5*vr6t By John Herriet, M. A. rwa.
V|R. Herriw, in hii introduction, in'ormi us that there
IVl irt catifc * many obfrmtion* :*u: have not
■•erf by any other author;' and, indeed, we a
low bis claim to originality in many rci'pccli. For iti-
bttrr, we brKc 'milior has advanced an oi>-
Krvarton like tfcm, tb.i; /a fara fi fptaA ti-.-v ■ f*t *u«fl>
a4r«am c Uro. M the paSujc lb occmifaomo
W intended a* a fpecimen of the Author*! rhetorical power*, w«
Care far we fball gratify him by caotin; it :
1 Wc intend to cond" .*wg fpcalccr from lowrt
pm of perfeciion to higher, till at lain he Ucntbfoj todifplaj,
•j the t>< IV advantage, all tbe rid 'Mtagc, the ch.rms
<f "ttcc, die powers o: tbc unic; Hunting, of thV : on,
toinf thr paflion*. I3«t before ie arrives ±; i
- Kit, Uit". 177 j, 1 b*\^i
*74
Hcnie* 9ft ibtEkmratt *f$p«th.
hcit^t of excellence, there arc many ebftarlrt to irioort,
dilficuhics to fuioooujic. The way» at foil, may
and uncultivated". The craggy Keep, lite I
damp hb courage, and rccsrd hia propiefsi but if he
on with unremitting ardour, the hardships of hia Journey
gradually cJiminiih. A delightful pro*'pce* will ihoceJy «peo,
every fe ! i ( V is fwceily footbed, a new vigour animate* kis fee!*
at bit he gain*, exulting, the long wilhed-fcr ftimm.i
flcc*l» with plcafurc on the toils he h« paft, aod cakci \u
tincuJlhcd fat among the hckcks of antiquity.*
fcxclufivc of the ridiculous idea that a man. by !cixn "i
fpeak propnly, (hall be entitled to a feat among the hrroo of
Antiquity, this U, certainly, loote, ill- textured, turr.ic
flimly writing. No objeclion, however, againft i
fhculd Mite from the inelegance of the Author's compoiuion.
Jt i* pol in eloquence, Luc on elocution, that be wnu.
the elementary »ntl mechanical part of which hii imbiltl
writer will by no mean* disqualify him V
Mr. Hcrrirs is very full and fyftematic on hit fubJecV
baa divided hit UtAtifc into two patta. The firft confifls ct
fcven chapters : i. On the Organ* of Sprech. 2. IHultxatoa
of the Elements of Speech and %*oeal Muflc in the Plan, 3.
The Atphahct. 4. Cultivation of the Voice in Children. 5.
Impediments in Speech, t>. Deaf and Dumb taught tofpcaL
7. Origin of the fun pic founds. — Fioui this part we (hall select
what fee ms to nromife the ereirell utility, the chapter on uU
Cultimlou of the Voice in Children :
• Very few fubjc£U of late ha%*c been more fruitful ef J4*ts
than that 01' the Er.jjlirt* language, Mr. Sheridan roufed cbr
mention to it; and Mr. Rice followed him into the fat
which they hoch feem now ic. .\, and in have ret!
to hi* original profeflion. The fobbed, however, has been fret
taken up, in various form.* * aod it now appears in that of I
*fS)ttcht Mr. Heme* has trod fo far
mentioned gentlemen, as to give the public a :
oratory; and it it v*ry pofTible that thefe Elements ni
thofe lectures, revifed and corrected. We prcfumt So, beca
turn to anfwer to ihc advcriifcmenu which we hire f'cen so
per* ; but wc hr.vc never attended his Ic&urcs i not i;
foe known to us. fo that it is iuipoiUblc lint wc flic
pnrj« fTcl On again It him, nor Oiould we wi "h 10 throw 1
which might tend to dslcouiagc him a* an Author, d
prebend that his method ol tniiriicVtag would, 1
i*thcr fervc to incrcafc than to remove the difficulties of 1
hit. indeed, a bold attempt in a Nc/d- Briun, to :
pital of the kingdom, the standard of the not pronurc
Httrios #* tit EltAittittf Spitth* 17$
■J TWappCf cxcitioa uf an> bodily or mrr*
■ ;r[frtir>n .-in.! praflii r, <
_: in a todc and I'ticaltivatel :i our
rrinc ourfcrvrs. Nature -!>■€! u* tike Organs,
' !. ilful performance 4JUOU t:
mere that we know arrive* macA footicf thin nun at
ihr prirrft clifplay Of it* pourn. The firl! fpcrjci of voice in t!tc
iiO'iaf, st that of CRT iv 1: ; a Ungj.ige the noil tVfl£c/ a
ic oar compajfson and prompt oar care, ft i> a cooMciablc
(>u* before the mi;fr In 0/ the larynx arc adapted for the 1
C, Or lll'.'i- uUf'LASGVt-!.
er 1 hey arrive at that fine, the urmcifl ltd be
raVen :> ^rm - irignt. Every bad habit ncy be eancr
. the rounj»than removed in the od alt. When tbc or-
tats are tender and flexible, they may be moulded « wc 1 :
The mode of utterance wriicli we contract at this pe:ioi. generally
remains *ftb in thnxga life. Children have a ftrong propenijry to
bskue hear; for that rrafon, thofe who are employed to
ITKh tbCTP IhouM attend to the fblIow;i.g hinti, i»te.
• I. As all fprcci or lan^ai^c is Or cCivc pronnnclatioa
6T the a/ticjlatc ft undi . she vowch, Julf-voi*cl>. acd afpi*
dependent i'cutd of theirewn, let them bet
aeh nf rhfm frpar;it*U. r'i . Irt ihe •
en thus
Cp x c 1 "ii i lirmament 01 h igh,
ue ethcria! & y,
ieni, a th in i n* fr* roe,
i r gr cat original p r o cl a i in.
ich of tKr^r divijiooi rjfl *'brn a
ted. In that cafe alone fhould the child be allowed to
■_>ncc two founds at the famo time. Infiead 01 faying r/, rs»,
, let Kim be tao?ht to utter only the limbic found* A *,
tjusHr perfect nhen it pirate a> when conrbifxd.
The word length, which contains only foar letmdi 1 e ng ch. b a
1, ft ee en gee t;r aitch. Here, infl >»o*% th*r#
'tfi than VMiRtslN found* Ulcered. Howcsn the child tma-
*/ and r* hue each of them bot one found r Why do we
tbe au3 of articadatjoai which are foreign 10 the void ' What
tbtrc ("turrti the Ample found Of wr nnJ me catx'd ar-
iKulaiioiaa of rs aed git9 or between /* and ihi found* of ttt and
> remedy thi* inconvenience in our mode of fptlltng. n4iiclx
11 and enibairaflW, let the child be taught to pvoMuoco
half. vowel and .»fpira:e entirely unconnected with, any voweL
:e, in m let hit lips be ihue hefore any found it fccftr.1.
let the top of the tonpwe be nrft of all applied clofe to the
|;uin, *od then *i\\ be produced thr trtlCvifttioa elear and
kd. In Oiort, let eiwy found e^u.cp: tlic mutes be altered ia
ifl f. one principle depc odi all ttu ^ij*
and \ \» of pronuriciatiyu.
T 1
II. /loc;hse
*y6 Hemes on the Elements of Speech*
' II. Another error in the mode of teaching children to read, u
that of. directing their attention to diftinguiih the tetew -ojr jK«
cyc^.injkad of the found of them by the ear. Hence it'sV.ssfii
when they eaa name at firft fight every letter, and difttegniAaytfr
form. of a from.*, p from b9 &c. they naturally imagine tftat-fji
are perfect in their taflc. The great impropriety 0?thjf:(inC
will apre«r by attending to our view of the alphabet Lt^tlie.lai ,
tion, wherc/ve find feveral of the letters reprcienting various fouw
If, therefore, the child judges by the eye, he can never be a.°¥„
difcover the difference; if he judges by the ear, he Can net)""
deceived. Why fhould he be troubled with the form of the'I*
till once he has acquirM die souk oof them / Why fhoaidhe be raugbt
to head before he is taught to speak. The latter can be acquired
at a very early age ; and when once he is able to pronounce tpe
founds, syllables, and words therafelves. he will eafily be taught ft*
"diilinguiiii the marks by which they are reprefented in writing. ~.~.
* ill. Another cuilom that injures the voice of children, it tnjjc
of repeating long fpeeches or poems with rapidity and iadUttn&aeuv
He generally who can read or recite fastest thinks himfelf the
beft fchalar. This practice, which is eftabltfhed with a view to cul-
tivate the memory, mufi inevitably prevent and enfeeble the simon
of the. organs. The fimple founds, inftead of being articuia«d
with energy and juftnefs, are all mingled in a conrus'd j argon w &
yon wilh that your children mould one day diftinguim themfelrem*
public fpealcers, let this pernicious habit be avoided. - Never atioir
their fcrvants, nurfes, or companions to fpeak before them in/ a
hurrying and imperfect manner. They will naturally imitate wtjat
they molt frequently hear. Never Itt them* fpeak in a languid*
jeftrain'd manner. Let the action of their jaw be free and opt*.
Let their lips and tongue be com pre fled with energy in theirdlT-
fcrent pontions. For, as the fingers by a con ft ant and a£Uvo> m«s>
formance upon an instrument, acquire a readinefs and command
which they had not before ; fo the organs of fpeecb, and efpecjatty
the moicles of the tongue, receive a new force and facility from; the
praGice of x jnft pronunciation. .on
* Thus we hare propofed three obje&s to be attended to, taste
mode of cultivating the voice in children, vnc. to pronounce path
of the articulate founds by its own independent power; to tifitfsH
guim.them by the ear, and imitate them by the voice, before -&£f
are acquainted with their marks in writing ; and laiily, not *>iHt-
jure their pronunciation by an utterance too hafty and indiftttA.
l( thefe few rules are regarded, their roice, as they grow apj- will
increafe in ftrcngth and harmony. They will be free from • oil. >tfmt
weaknefs, obftruflion, and dcicft in ipeech, which are general^
the eonfequence of a neglect in this ufeful part of education/' J *
We ft all not difpute with Mr. Hemes the method' hopes*
commended $ but we apprehend that the confequences toffti(*v
duces are by far too general, and too important for <tfe?^
limited premifts, one part of the precept bcin^ racreljIV1
tive, the other very fimplc, an J calculated for little wore
to) Bscilitate the acouifition of reading, '.,„•„
Berries *n tbi £//*rs.*j i/SfutK^ 477
The icconJ part «i chapter*; r-
<£kci ihe Brei'.h. ». htren.th at Voice. 3. Graceful
idi.ioii *uJ Extent of Voice 5, Me.-
of* the Voice. 6*. Hannr>nv of Speech.
■ j or Propriety ofS^ccrh. o". The Pa'.hos of Speech,
nt on tbr Mi the
-ppeir to us to br
'catfic.
ikncfurc, wc ilu'l lay Wore our Readers, rut
k to that r.uaicrcut part of
" -rofeflion it j r .-lie;
trj voicr a cer or key fa nMch i**« can
i:k tacgrcateilcscrgy aod ca.e. Wiethe iro;a (jka
• c orgiaa, or Con ;ae po^'cr ?** c«Iti.juoc, »c and a$
i;j! pitei i !ia
tber of people, even
tie fxasr frx, c oarer* nj tr^r.krr, he will C :» et
iJettow pieck.y that pecuiii: pitch c: roice whicii 11 mtA riAtur*!
E»u . by she fcUoivio; method- Let aim fix
■
I !: I: i in prefceve ihc . but !■-
ile the timic*. A: Ull it will £ni : (plate much
led Ibcnge; i~. the k n any
Tiiic U the i' ■ t.m N*tUJC Clrz<U u> to
tic io that tooc M'hxk it ill ! in J caTy. tu ituri, if"
t with Co appear co adTSJliagC 1 c muft dl-
■ ' at IchooJ.
'heic are generally much hi &>m thaa 00/ aiUrai pitch. Our own
But I me-
im cf oar voice is in I
■ 1
en ear,!. \K'c f.uo, ilat although « linger can . fl 1 cis'Lick
of «ufic. with •any ditfweat kayi. yet JliH
re ii ouc whkh m*y be .r or prcdoaiinaot tone,
it tie bh> 1 himfcl/ sad nwft agrcsaUic tu ...
tone, whether he ficgs treble, tenor,
'luaot his r©ice. It u th« I -*ltiog. ltnai
elcnmr^gcc, bower, that on .:c;:-*\: li.iuJ Li.^c: or fpeakee
.1 po»cn s. 1 .in one.
iwmfjrinirfy thnrr 1 *^lj beluw bl« aicUauaa, iri'/j
rni'.t ill ural md [.'-.t:"f .
1 mot aa.'uril ana j
* Hot iuppofc a fpt..
tence r The a >
1 fo*>g. D
;u (peak
.
e;
Yd cior
not LV
*\1>*'
tyZ ■ ' Perries on the Elements ef Spied,
notes and"*' half. Thu we {ball examine more partici4*rSyJ»^[^><j Q]
wards. l£uf%eit as it will, we muft grant that if a finger can excrttJ0__
the moil txtmfive modulations, find yet retain his medium, a {peajur j
may certainly exert his modulations (which are much more conftnei).^-
with eqnal cafe. . .. " t a;fl-i
* From thefe arguments it is very obvious, that to naeferve jAftbiss
medium, and to fpeak in a monotony, are very diiiiod things. Th^^,
one has no variation of tone, the other admits of tvtry poJubJe do* '„;
gree of'jt. ]f therefore the natural pitch of the voice is confifepf-
with the harmony of fpeech, it mull evidently promote the rao-
pmety and command of it, and that for the following reafons. , ,'
* The true criterion of in ft fpeaking ist when each of the articu- .
late founds is uttered forcibly and diltinclly. But we find that when* .
ever we go beyond our natural pitch, we Jofe the command of arti-
culation. Our tones are weak, thrill, and broken. Every excefs of
paflion has a tendency to ftraiten the glottis, and render the voice ' ,
more acute. This we may obferve in the (harp, hurrying voice of .
anger, the plaintive waitings of grief, the clear-gliding war Mings, of \
joy. If, therefore, a public fpeaker is decplv animated with Mi j!
fubjecY, Ms voice infenfibly afcends, and fometimcs is carried to fucH . 2
a pitch that he lofes all command of it. Cicero informs us, that^."/!
when Gracchus, an eminent pleader at Rome, was in the vehement .V
parts of Ms difcourfe, his voice became too high and fqueakinb. '.'.
To remedy this inconvenience, he placed a fervant behind him, with
a pitch-pipe in his hand, who, at fuch a time, founded a note in^ .
nnifon with the medium of his voice, on which' he immediately de» .
fcended to his nfual fweetnefs. A fpeaker of a lively imagination ..
finds a greater difficulty in retaining the proper key of his voice,
than in any other branch of his art. His powers of feasibility «$„,
apt to hurry him beyond the command of reflection or of juft pro-. . -j
oonciarion. It was from that confideration that my Lord liacon, in^.
fome part of his works, has advanced this vcrv Gneular maxim* vial, Cj,
that a public fpeaker ihould not in reality feel To deeply what He .",
utter*, but only appear to feel, becaufe if he is really offe&cd tO:
fuch a degree, the force of nature will overpower hit faculties, ana. -
perhaps deprive him altogether of voice, ai we obferve in fudden' '\\
frights, violent rage, melancholy tidings. See. which fometimcs Pftyvi
duce convalfive, or even apoplectic fits. Although this principle 11 .
perhaps carried too far, yet we find that there is no quality fo diffi- ..
cult to be attained as the proper command of the medium of piftu;
voice in the midft of the mo ft animated emotion. How impojfafiJL
then is the rule of the great Shakefpeare, " that in the very toiicnU '
tempelt, and even whirlwind of our paffion, we mould acquire jjr^r^
"beget a temperance that may give it fmpothnefs." Our injun&ionj ■'
concerning the management of the voice are not intended to' curb •
the impetuofity of nature, but only to direct it properly. ^'SSfU
whtm-wIko of pa Hi on mull ftill be allowed to rage, hw.Judraieww
'ali:ftfene'and watchful, mould fit at the fecJm, cocduft 'tie blafl> ~»pf'\
pre^renc It from riflng to an cxceui. " ; F.
* The true end of eloquence is perfuafion ; but when are bctoJ^a
fythket fo agitated by the enthufiafm of his feelings, that Ke ftfmi. .
*? ]hitt'-fb& the Command'of his uuc-tanxe, *e- icgud him as mwfir™
Hcrrie* m #& Eitmttft of$f*tJ*. 17$
madnrfi, and *UI learrelv xTtew corfelres
affvcVd by fcim. Bat when he gi*ci way to all (be itrrugth of
mo time prcfcn*ci the propriety of fporcti and
I ii th.it I111 animated addrefi will apfcar the re lull of
i-:c cooriftion. and force iu way irrefilfcUv into out IttafU,
rj!c concerning the management' of the vuice i. fo little jc-
gtrdm;' clttt ahnort one half of our public fpeakers are 1 i
«K»n of tone, or when they hep pen to b« animated, the/
We all command of their vocal power*,
• To' prevent \>y,\ thefe incoartntcoces, let the ■tmoft care be
ukemof ih; .ooog trnfons when thoy are learning to read.
Them i he timple and natural mode of conversion it gene.
ullvU'd aude. and one adopted in tra Head which is imitative-, a/«
!<&ed, iciaj. nraoo^i* other improprieties m caloyaung
tic voice 10 children, there :> note more pcrnicjjui tl
uf teaching them to read in a much higher kej ihau when they
rpealc. I have ofr^u obferred a perfon who, when converting on
foeaeferiouj fubjeecwiih the moll agreeable propriety, chanced to
talcs jp a book where p::hapi the fame fubjeei wai treated. Mark
:he coa:rj;:. He begin* to read. Hil *oicc is elevated two or three
ictcs bi,.l.ti. I: i gillie unnatural and affected. iS u hoc Jtiangc
hatw-j ro he an exerrion of the vocal powers
lirfcVtat from fpeafciag i If wc ute tie Utne words, and are ao;.
nated1 with the faoae fcclingi, (hould not we cxprrli them in
arte maimer t Whether we receive our idea from the car as In coo-
from the ere as in leading, a memory as io>
. outfit nr not ili! I to utter iheai in that pleating variety
nn>2fid which natqre uire3* I
raoft pernicious confequence of this unnatural mode of
, that the verr facac tones arc ufcd in public fpcakiog.
, sVoai ilieir proltCioii, and ihc topic* they fpeak
pole, ought to wear onrivalled the pjim of eloquence in this kin^-
btna have in grneral fo confounded the idea of reading and fprac-
afiag the one ft* the other, that thev perform botiv W the
cry fame manner. Whether a cfifcouffc is read or repealed, lap
'diem of the voice is in general laid afidr. One thing it rc-
n k to addreft a larvc audience, he of»
:n cierates "nit voire to a mem a pitch, inllead of fpeakinj in a
«- or Kroogcr tone. Wc huvt already ch!*.-vvd that the voice
es fmaller, and «Jifcq«*ently weaker, in proportion as tie
d the glottis cootratU. What cjIIoot then can be
al to the purpjfes of fceaking than to degenerate into
^ar]^£, InatticvUta tone,' at the very time when the voice
d be wetted with vigour and fulnefs ? If therefore the fpeaket
- be ferCard at a* vnafoa) diiUnee, lei him rather pronoonca
iin 4 higher, Let him llrain every imew, and
rVen^th. but never let him violate th: li.-m-
■ if arttcniation. 1 have often wondered that ao
th* key of the voice Ihoald be fo cauch neg-
mufician knows the exact pitch oj bjj initnimcnt, 30*1 .
the lowed to the hij^heft note ; and mail |cfi care
Jikca to&kctuia the compafc aud adju.l trie, humomy cA \htf*. >
T4 ■*<»»*&*"
280 Joaca'j Hijhry ofihi Lift cf NaMr Sbab.
wu^cjiuj oifans which, when At i I fully ufed, are a *haohn&i t't^H
more expreffive and pieaGne than the belt imitatioiiiof- tfttfaiUftJpf
ever the world faw 1 Skill toe various powers of the bot/.btxiii&ly
at command in the moil common mechanical art, and (halt:ai&c*kj(
fo noble and commanding as that of fpeech be left to Qxerfetfmt
ungoverned and at random ? The firQ rule is to prefctve that}
dhim or peculiar key of voice which U fo little ftuqicd anf
reduced to practice. ..,.,>. •
Yet, after all the efforts of art and iiiftruction, Nature mill
be the leading agent. There are voices which no art can tele
to fing i and it is the fame with regard ' to elocution*' whiej
Cicero not improperly calls cantus obfeurior. The command c
modulation, and the variety of inflection, are never t6 fee alj
tained by thofe whofe organs are capable of emitting onl v uJu-
form and unci attic founds.
— • ?rm
Art. VII. Tht Uifitry cf tb> Life of Kad:r Sbabt King of ftgfc
Extracted from an Eaftern Manufciipt, which was traofiated iwfr
French by Order of his Mnjcfty the King of Denmark. Witfc ajji
- Introduction, containing, I. A Defcription of Afia, according!*
the Oriental Geograrhers. If. A mort Hiftory of Pcriia f rom tM
■ earlieft Times to the prefent Century. And an Appendix, con-
filling of an Eflay on Afiatic Poetry, and the Hiftory of the PerJ
fian Language. To which are added, Pieces relative to thePrenA
Trauflation. By William Jonc?, Efq; Fellow of Univet'fi'eyCtfp
lege, Oxford, and of the Royal Societies at London and C'ojjtfh^
hagcn.( Svo. 6 s. bound, t. a Jell. 1773. ' . '**
IN the Appendix to the 426 volume of our Review* p.. 5084
we gave feme account of Mr. Jones** French irahflation fj»
the original of this Perfic Hiftory of Nader Shah, in two vo-
lumes in quarto. Of the prefent abridgment, in Engljfi>*$
that' curious Hiftory, the following account is given, by ije
very learned and ingenious Author, in his excellent Prefatory
Difcourfecnrthc Duty and Qualifications of an rjiftorian 'tJsft
Speaking of Mirza Mahadi, the original Author of this ''hit
t&ry of the celebrated Crmwtil ef the Eafi*% Mr. Jones is dif-
pofed to grant that his teiliinony is not wholly free from ful-
picion ; but then he very juftly remarks, that the narrative of
the Peifian hiftorian mu(t necefl'arily be more authentic .Am
: --: — iri \ "
• We have been Itruck with this idea of comparifon ; which* how-
ever, docs not feem to have occurred to Mr, Jones;— or, pcrhapi
if it did offer itfelf to his noiice, he rejected it, in favour of what
he deemed a nearer refcmblance. He has drawn a parallel ottwten
the character* of Nader Shah and GurtavusVafa; but we fear tht
pure principle of patriotifm was not equally evident in both ticft
htrocs, although there is confefledly fomething fimUax in the gcdf£
ral out-line of their hiftoric:.
f) - that
ixnl
<b •»
JODCl'i fljtorjr tf rw Lift 0/ /TtuSrr Slvb. a$i
(iuC U our traveller;, who eoald not poflibly b« *eqmnVvttd
1 they fo cos.
Mints Mahcdi, wi formed, w« the pc
■ ■
.-robablc, in-
: Jones confdlc}, that t!*.c LiflotJAiu j;i*vl>iucat
unity,* might Induce him • to paint
arc plca&ag colour* than here-
of nil chancier, and
. th iti; bcautica of it ;' but, he add?, ' a*
idled after the tlti-th of the monarch, and a*
upon the UltCf pjxt or hu liie,
te^fofiably c < real
fentisicr.ti . though hii veneration fo* the memory of '10 ex-
traordinair a man, tttya him into cspicflicn:. whicU
r apon the niemeft flattery.'
With uiptdt so the Ujlc of the original, our ingenious
, that • the Persian lajigjagr has <Jc-
fo much from its original purity, that no great elegance covld
fcc cxpcelcd irurn Mifxa
* The work, rvtvenrK < Js, :s genuine, and maybe
jeeon.: . a curicfi;) .' )ct be freely confefle*, that bad
be been '.tit to his own choice f, it would have been tiic loll
sutiukiijit in iIk world v. huh be IhovLI ha>c tliuughtof tran-
«ng : • out of fo many Pertun books of poetry, ethics,
Science, hitfory, ;t would have been cafy to have fell
> of the public attention; ami the vrotks $st
it have been printed for halt the expense,
i!f the time.'
Our Author hat!^ fincc, hosyevsr, been inclined .ather
this A light not appear to tetter advantage wirb-
; itifFhefi " w blcfa intent, fay*
n'r, * 1 drew up a ifco»t abirrsit of it in my nr.i»o language; I
d the original of its aSVcled flowers and ornaroeiiit, and
1 -lifli icadet wit ic intercfling facta *a
lid and n.«r iral but, in compliance with 1
*, I nave in form red to intcrpofft my own
. acH, and events* have p efcivcd the
Mr. Ioe»s -r undettaken the work with
fis*ere rvfocUnce; b*t there wm no rrfiftfang the rtyttU applicst-
ttom of a Cionaed ht*d. The Kin?; of l>crunark, too, a; that
flood vrry weli it tbc eflectn'of the dnijlidi nation.
• • AlUoioj to tbe fft o:" piiruar) laws for the coadcil of an hillo-
• an, wiiek Cicero lain down at the tirrc when he wai meditating
a* Hillory ot R*so«i and to svhl rOpOftd to coniaras.
Tteferak^M .0 the uviuih oi : AnWiuu* ; fte^O
>'
otte
a8a ,_ '-• i Jonn'j Jiifimj of the Ufi tfNadtr $bab.:.,\
oHet%f time srithout anticipation or confullon, >dJ havc,o<^ f
cafurolly interwoven the defcription of rcmark^bk', ^licej ju(
takiqg.care to aflcrt nothing of any moment without tljiCjauiW,, p
fity if the Perfian to fupport it, and not to run after, fjjp, W^m
glean of conjectures and reports, by which moil ©J thewjjtea,
on the fame fubje£ have been led. After all, 1 am far frop>
expecting, that this little work will give me any claim tatbc'.
title -of an Hilforian : when I compare my piece, not only with
the idia of Cicero, but even with the productions of other?, 1
«m like the drop of water, in the fable of Sadi, which fell fro«j
s cloud into the fea, and was loft in the confeiouforfa of its, ,
own infiznificance. The chief merit of the book, if it hit
any, coniifts in exhibiting in one view the tranfdciions of fixty
ycara in the flncft parts of Afla, and in comprifing in a few
ihvit feAions the fubfhnce of a large volume. Life is fo (hurt,
and time fo valuable, that it were happy for us, if a!) great
works were reduced to their quintcftencc : a famous fchdm at
Leipfic proposed to reprint the vaft compilation cf M. d'llcrbjj^
lot enbrged to the double of its prefent fize ; but be would &-■ Q
icrvc better of the learned world, if he would diminifh it to a .
fourth part of its bulk, by rejecting all its repetitions and fu»,
perfluities.' #ij«p
To this abridge ment of the life of Nader, Mr. Jones, has P^m
fixed a fuccinct but very ufeful defevhtien of Afiay anrj particy^,,
larly of the Perfian Empire, * that the Reader, upon ^-Qpcnuj^gj
the Hiftory, might not find himfclf in a country wholly un-^
known to bim; and that he might be prepared for the OrM* ^
tal names, which in fuch a work could not poiTioly be ^yoSleJL^.
and are not eafily accommodated to an European ear/ . . ..a^j
In this introductory difcourfeon the Ajt,itu Gttgrafbyr *u&0 |ft
the Sb$rt Hiflory ofPtrfiat fo neceflary, by way of prelude, to ftfl^j
ftory of Nader Shah, our Author confefles his obligations to t^ll£]
celebrated work of M d« tlcrltlot -t from whom, however,, j%u01
things he declares, has been copied, which has nor, alfo, been,
ft und in feveral manufcripts. * Our materials, lay* Mr. Jo,nes^.n
were taken from the fame originals ; and it is natural fpr (to
perfons, who fcarch the fame mine, to meet with the fame kigjj,^,
of ore. The principal geographers, whom I ronJJilted>"»S^i
Ahulfcda, and Ulugbeg ; the fir ft, a King of Hapu ioj^na^,,
and the fecond, a grandfon of Tamcilane, who was iW^^*j*mt
ccllent aftronomer, and built a fine oblcrvatory in bit. ipgefrj^
city-of Samarcan.d.' _■
In the abftracl of the Perfian Hiftory, introducHrjftp 'IBBf*
of Nader, Mr. Jones profeiTcs to have followed the ptin bra
book compiled by Atticus, which was greatly admire^ by'"
Romans, but is now unfortunately loft: it contained anal
0/ Ctke**l Hijforyi and exhibited) at one vicwt a relation ij
5 *'JI
Jones'* «?/*> tftbt Ufi *f AW that. 183 #
f*j rrtnts that hlpftnti i/r a frfied 9f 700 yi»n •.
Author"? compendium, of flbou: 34 pages, mention*
it and mrmnrable occurrence* in the Perfun empire,
I and fabulous ar-e;, ro ihc decline of the Sett
rW p>efcnt century. It is extracted from fcvccai
fc Wrrtrrf: MirVhond, Khandemir, Kcrdafi, &c.
ay of A*j>vCTd-x to the Life of Nader Shah, the Author
genttmi and entertaining £jfy ae rAf
^rw Nat'nvu which was prefixed to hw CtMn*
:m Pesmt f, by way of rnrnmemary. At ihrs Effty
nj mary remarks on the mnnncrs of the Afiafo, it it
tpiiety inferted in thia volume. It will be found, Mr.
or>etoblerv«, very different, both in form and ftylc, from the
ich he wrote in French, on the fame fubjCit., and
Wfhed in 1770, w eh hit iranA-iion of rhe King of Den*
Peril an Ma Both thefc difltrtationa, our Au-
nt* Readers, * were intended only at intro-
«ch larger work, on the Jfisru Perfry> written
invenience of learned foreigners, and entitled,
Vm-m/Trfjff';, which *ill be offered to the public
llc'of next March.1
Ta* 4\Uxvih or. £a(tern Poetry 11 followed by a piece en-
y tj the Pirftan Lar-suare ; the grcatctl part of
are here told, wat defigricd to be added to the Au-
»W* Pctfic Grammar, publifhcd in 1771 1' At it was* at
prrvenred from fcing the light, ir Is here interred,
'0 cOirVpWtc thu mifccliany of Pcriian literature. Jt contains!,
proper of chofen fpccitnrns from the heft authors j
from the poew, who, at Mr. Jonea remarks, have, in
■lttbtt tak.cn tiic p.rcitrft pains to harmonize and improrc
''Sg-B*- This trait contains many cunoufi and enter*
laxi . among othcrt, we have the following ac-
roj.-n 0/ the great Pet Han poet F&rdusi :
- At the clofe of the t^nth, and beginning of the eleventh
'rnturiea, Mahmuit reigred in the city of Gaxna : he was fit*
<>! /abltftan, and part of Khorafan, and had pene-
Irattd eery fjr into India, where by this time the religion and
'he Arabs and Pernant had begun to prevail. St>
■■■■: «ttc entertained in the palace of this monarch,
Tehom wat Fsxdusi, a native of Tut or Mefiied. Thia
&dk IcjJtud mar, happening to find a copy of the old PcrfLau
.
Or*/,
$cc Rev. ht May, 1 — 1, p. te&— 517,
See a Ml and critical *<e<
r a fell and critical account of tfia Icimed trork in cur Re*
Ticprifer January and February. i;;a.
284 Jones** Hiflsry of the Life bj Nader Sfaak*
Ihflory abovc-irtemiuncd *» read i: with csgerncCs, and . fix|n
S* jiivpiuri in, fables, but bcjriiig the rnaitfi pffcigfca^fcuiy-,
c moft ancicntpart of.it, and principally tUc>;ar-«f./Ui:H&|l
andKoirv, orCyiLS, feezed to afford aafWWWW W&$k%
an Haro'u. P*cm, which he accordingly, ocgan t^cc^ipj^f^ S^oi
of his cpifodes iDflu'clcnptioii& were fiiowzi ro ti:c ^tfi^JVMffc
commenced them exceedingly, and ordered him. 50 fi^^BiJ^fpi
whole Hjjhvj of Ptrjia in a (erica <*f Epic potus. The my
obeyed; and, after the happielt exertion qi h^ fancy anU %t\
for near thirty year*, be fu liilicd his work;, whicU cor.Uind
faty thoufand couplets in thyme, all hjghly poiuhed, with th
(pint of our Drydcn and the Uycetncfs of Pope, fie prcaen«4
an elegant tranfeript of his book to u/|ahmud3 who coldly ia»
plaudcd his diligence, and difmiGed him. Many n>on?hs cJipfcJ,
and ferJufi heard no more of hfc- work. : he then took, occilicn
to remind the King of it by feme little epigrams, wbkh hs
contrived to let fall, in the palace \ but, where «ii..l*[/ic poop
hid failed, what effedt could be expected frois an.ep jgrjoti
yVt length the icward came -, which confrilcd oaly of as many
imall pieces of money, as there were couplets in the voiuma.
The high-minded poet could not brook this infult : he rctirtaj
to his clofet with bittcrnefs in his heart ; where rje wr«F^
Uioft noble and animated invechve againft theiultart, wJiic
]ic fealcd up, an J delivered to a counter, who, a$ h^ha^
Jpn to fufpeci, was his grcateft enemy, aflurjiig j*jrn»
.tt'fii a diverting talc* and requeuing him to give it tojkgj
yjhtn an^offeir of flate or bad fuecejs in war jbi-uia mafa u*a /*f
unto jy and fpltntlit than ufual\. Having thus given vcatt to ft*
juft indignation, he left Gaxna.in the nijht, and topfc rekge,
m H.i.'1-.J, where the Calif protected htm from the Sultutot
. i*
* The book here alluded tot was written in the Heblevian dialeA.
cxtradkd irom the SaJlanian annai*, and com poled (it -is fcUicvoij
by the command of Anufhirvan, an illullrious protestor of the -us
and Icitr.ces, who reigned at the clofe of the Siih ccqtuiy, pfctfc
iiaie when Mahomed was bom. This work happiiy ei^ap*^ thsfatf
*>f thofe unmerciful zealots, who detfroyed every work ci", itaroiaj
they could meet with, to make room for the .Koran : cot fpariog at
famous library of Alexandria, n^r even the leeorJs of \b*y$m$
empire. Saad, one of Omar's generals, found this vcdjine, a&
the victory at Cadcfia, and prefcrved it far him fc If as acu'rloutv. I
palled afterward through leveral hands, and. was at length tnrijfflplti
iato ibme other language of Aiia. n ^y0l ^a^m
t ' Sec a trar.flaiion of this fatire In a Trtutiji tn Or$g»/*£J5
added to the Life of Nader Shab in French, Vol.-lf. p?fifSi»*i
poem is not unlike the x^,t« of Theocritus, who, iSce.thrispo
Iuqus Ferduf:, had dared to cxpofe the vices of a jew -minded Kiog.
Zablcflan
:>'<«; -Lift $/ XeivmL
travel tiifn in a fjm
i wmimi rr ••: . merit
".■tut j i ' fH*HlW he
I m ns (.-■•- ;ntMt the
o^rlPrrfiew with Homer hiiiifHl
fftjfej4&''6r die arYin
The Icatfltt) w*>ii :dli-
ttfe-fonrserf the
i £igH, fm rrv hVr of ni poffulw j
It «h- reaitcs/H
t imfVrif W'iirr. ittal .r v.-: ■-." 1 (cirigl in tfce/n.
■
i - • ;
IJWtn ' -'it
. The wk-
: times 10 ihe invj-ion oi the Anlv, in i le.
wtry r.obie winn ; tbe .iad rmoft ?egu .•* fc ,i»
far, and br^o^e er<e= .
■ .
eftm/' ;ioos sod rlr'Vi: .
p&t -' oiion «vtry where (vnueoui, y. w>.
wt full or* tire. A grot proration of learning hoi b*«»
twav fc^ Come cr:::ci, in eainpirio^ Homer tjoic
:ucc«e4cd fcit» i but it requires vejy
needing poet -fthAXtcr
;k Mover : J . .
:i a jjrai -
J hlii, I ifc>ibc iU
h, :'-efi to riis <k©ojj*ii>. Whjtevct1 tk^atraa
^^^^^^^H^r, m«y liave been irr.rodtcctHaco the work*
ad irtmuron rfHoflm lltie ever eohTi-
PiJoT ■ r ni torwfcicli ret&in J **i ■ tu
poet <?' Peffca i» «qa»I to tbai of Greece \
■ ■
m«« : w*ih drew «k>eir images from
tkrxi only by rrfleflion, »ml patntrng, lathemano)
Miw/t 't a lih**fii and both POfltlTcd, in *a
t ifc/ree, f6iaf r»V* *»i rr:*//w i«f.x';:n, wk<4 // fiv '«m
(houli
286 Joncs'i Hifiory a/the Life ofNoJer Shot:
■>i.flrewM*Jfcy» ** fcU*jcp;for,^hc jjlcafyrc .and inftruaion ;
... .ftflpntaj them by hi* writings, wiih him to ne^Iq^ tiip/
- folidiaWaDimcntfl, atui more fuhfiantial intcrcfts whjoh&f
found, in' a§ivc life. His intentions, wiih refpect-^o, 1
<ucc application of thofe powers of genius 'wjiicli n^tbr
fo liberally beftowed on him, will beft appear from hi
words, toward the conclufion of his prefatory aiffpurjS:
' If any eflential miflakes be detected in this whole pc
. ance, the Reader will excufc them, when he reflects up
great variety of dark and intricate points, which are iii
in it ; and if the obfeurity of the fuhjeel be not a fufficiei
for the errors, which may be difcovered in the work, ft
cwfitUrtd, to ufe the words of Pope in the preface ta^hj^
»ife poems, that there are very few things in this eolUifiom^
Wire not written under the age of five and twenty ; mofl of
indeed, were compofed in the intervals of my IpyUjL
South of France, before I had applied my mind to a fb»
very different nature, which it is now my refalutrprVw
the fole object of my life. Whatever then be the fatef
production, 1 (hall never be tempted to vindicate any pari
which may be thought exceptionable; but ihall gladly
my own opinions, for the fake of embracing others, whic
feem more probable \ being perfuaded, that nothing is
laudable than the love of Truth, nothing more odious th
obftinacy of perilling in Error. Nor (hall I eafily be in*
when I have difburdened myfelf of two more pieces, whi
now in the prefs, to begin any other work of the literary
but iball confine myfelf wholly to that branch of knowlc
which it ia my chief ambition to excel. It is a painful'
deration, that the profeffion of literature, by far the moft
rioui of any, leads to no real benefit or true glory what]
Poetry, Science, Letters, when they are not made th
bufinefs of life, may become its ornaments in profperitj
its moft pleafmg confolation in a change of fortune ; bui
man addicls himfelf entirely to learning, and hopes by thou
to raife a family, or to acquire, what fo many with fcjL
few ever attain, an honourable retirement in a declining agfri
find, when it is too late, that he has miftaken his pjufi
other labours, other (Indies are nccc Jary ; and that,' n8
can aflert his own independence in aclive life, it wilttuu
little, to be favoured by the learned, cflccmcd by 'thVrR$
v recommended even by Kings.* . 'y'0jD
.. ..." m"A £ tii
. - -x '.3v i
( **} I )
I W £xftri+rv<x!. U(, To %h\
Keoiftriu.'fte. Uy Ttietni*
D. r .K.S. Mil S.A. Am. 51. bound. Johnibn. 1
1 t ttiih which • tout Author f^tb-
cars ago, unJcr the #ith
now before us •, bai very dcfervfdly been vrriJ rr-
i'.ilic. In the picfcut collection is given i\
:hor'« further enquiries on different medical and
:, which arc in general mated wit-i jaJgc-
«Cy.
Jo the r.fO of ihcrc dillcrtaticn:, the Author inquires int«>tri«
_ll ar.d chemical properties of the c;Ikr}fo rmi ; 4 medicine
! hither from a town of hu irnivta
f Ceylon, and which is I a id to be potTetird of con-
In trie shifts m;>bu; particularly, it is I
the violent tom/ia, to check the purging And vomil-
to correct the putrid tendency of the bile, and to quiet the
motions of the bowels. The Author h.is I ike wife
irery falutary effi?c"h ra follow its exhibition in d . r-
nd even in the dyfemery | though it (caret fcems to
: c of lrtringency. He, si well a* others', have
ifeful remedy * in bilious fevers j in a latv
mach, attended with want of appetite, nau-
and iodlgcfKoitJ and 111 habitual »'t»mi tings, when they pro-
i a we*'*;:" I ibility or" the itomacru from 411 ii-
mt, from acidities, or from aerlmoniout bfle.J Ttiefe
tucs afcribei to this root, are exemplified by the
irJoA of a few biftoriei of eifes, felecled from 1 mueli greater
in which it has been fuccefofully admmiltcred.
i'i. experimental enquiry into the rhcwcal
of this tJrugj it appears that the columbo root mndc-
:>, without fufpendimj, the fermentation of alimentary mix-
1 1: prevent! them from growing four, and neutralises
llrcady produced, much nioic completely than Pcruvia.i
or chamomile flower!. It appears likewlfe from his expe-
ment*, that though it Joes not refill the putrefaction of animal
Refit fully as the Peruvian bark, yet it very llrmigly
Cui/ed!» tbe fkto* of putrid bile, and unites peifccily with it :
■HLnfeEarV. on toeing mixed with the fame fluid, inlianily
. -r, and inerrafei its often five fmell. Ac-
Bl^lj v.w rswtboi from hence explains the a£& n of the c--
laoifro too* in the tbiUra ntriftj, and other difeafes* attended
with a redundance and depravation of the bile, in which it ha*
^-jf ^e Mc-ntMy Review, vol rrrviU, January 176S, page ai j
vcl xlvi. page »0;.
Itttfl
;-aS3 PerCtVaft EJayst Medical and Rxptr'mtntaL
- ^Wg^en with, ikcctt to a great number of pstfentiiiMhefi^
i. ladies, 'by a certain mvy furgcon, w ho ^eWottf f qWKij^C-
^.Yary.ip employ any meant to promote rlto ditfc' " "
OT to deanfe to* tWmacfa and boweb preiKoUq'fetf WtUKMjh,
,.v, THc |w^t [paper in this colle&ron con ta kwob ft1/ v^tgjftn
, in* jmltiwuaon of the crrA/j root, and the en ring T# Q*ftc
* pwpofe;o£ preparing falcp from it in this country ■*»§*
t.ietfation has been already published in the Georgicat''
.i:> here reprinted with a few additions and corrediblhJ^
r followed by fome experiments and remarks on the Sftxt&j££U
.Matlock waters. , Vik ". -
... . la the £ucceeding Eflays, the Author treats of the
nfes' and aaxifeptic powers of fixed air, which, as he aJffir$T%
^bc has. repeatedly experienced, may be infpiced, in no
fcje/aMe quantity, without danger or uneafmefc ; arrd'hisj1
Several cafes, been adminiftered with advantage in -the^j
Jiages.af the pbibifis puimonaUty when a purulent ci\
o&s taken place, -in the Manchester infirmary it has
glied externally to ulcerated cancers, the progrefs of wnftV
pears to, have been checked by it, though it is feared thaiS"""
Swill not be effected. In a difeafe, however, fo di '
lpathiomc, a palliative remedy, the Author obferves, ~h
ConCdered at a very valuable acquifition.
% The.antifeptic and fweetcning powers of this fluid!
cut. Readers will recoiled, been lately contravertetl
Alexander, fome of whofe obfervations on this' head jri
rnarily related in our Number for June laft, page -447,'-"/ "
Percival however declares himfelf fully convinced, fVoai
dence of repeated experiments, that this fubftsmce has" the*
perry both of retarding and correcting purrefo&ion ;'am$
fome plauftble conjectures to account for the manner hv
£xed air may rctrrain, and even prevent, putrefaction, "
poiTefling any inherent antifeptic quality. _
Thefe obfervations arc fucceeded by an Eflky on rhr Mi,
Vepiurs $f burning Charcoal, communicated to the Author tjjP
Dr. Dobfon of Liverpool. It contains feveral obfemtjctfis'fcfr
traded from various medical and philofophical writers; ;
relation of a particular cafe which fell under the A airlift
tncdiate notice j from all which he concludes/ that1rn*fl,i
other mephitic exhalations do not deftroy life by-tferr'lriMP|
diaie action on the lungs, or by fuffbeating thofe who am
pofed to them ; as hath hitherto been pretty generally SfijA
but that they exert their deleterious efftcls by atfeQing^be'
,• A fhon account of Mr. Moult's cbfervatious OntbuT WJ'A
may be ften in our xlivth volume, March 1771, page aoe,. ; ™ *A
- * 'si
... va
HmM+ot&'jdcm&tf&npgrr! &C,
*h
w» jfrfir** Thia o,*aum is well fcf ported by the Au-
ibc/, frwn >*ttot* conUdctiiiom ; ami rhe titrth of ir, at leaft
wiUi icy.J^J to the *&i:ki ot the fume* of burning crurcoal, is
great meafurc evinced by the fymptomi that occurred inthe
CikiU>kc alluded 10 1 in which the patient had been near two
fcoun tiniggling with this potion, (hut up with him in a frnall
rjoaty wttboot entertaining any fufpkion of the real caufe of
-liaeaJ'y fcautinns be hi) experienced, previous to fcia total
Jala On bit recovery, he d<clared, that during an boar
ami a bait lie had fell himftlf very ill t ai he cxprerTed it, bid
beet (kit, fo u 10 retch, though he could not vomit, and
had lud -hooting pain* in the head ; but had not felt any op*
prcfioa at bis brraft, nor the leaft fenfe of (urTorarion.
The following paper 1 contain a few obfervatioos on the afra
on the Coptic «iuaj*y of fea.falt, Sec. applied to animal fab-
11 faall quintuiev : and on fome of the chemical and
D3odicio*l properties of ccft'ee. Thefe arc fuccccdcd by fome
iVect bifto/ics of difeafe?, with remarks upon them. The firft,
bach arc related the hiftory am) cure oi a difficult- in do*
1 (i anting from a fpafmodic amotion of the rrfoph>gvfl»
li bceu formerly pubaibed in the ieeond volume of the Mcdi-
tatm This i* followed by fomc cafe* of dropfiet,
and the biftory of a pilicy, fuppofce to have beeo produced by the
eJBueia of k^J, aoej in which tbe patient bad i^ft :hc power of
every part of the bedy except the head. A cou Me of
electrical fhueka, rerfeccred in for a long time, under
Jion of Dr. Withering, appear* to have erTecled, orf
great:/ cootriKitcd to, a pcfcci cure : the difcafc con-
at i triad, on the occa&ocul difconci nuance of the elec*
Xatkioti and cviJenily, though slowly, yielding on
>\e following p-per the Author confirms, frcm his own
-•;- . oco, he utility ol the practice rccoenrnctided by Dr.Gra-
iJhitch phyfictan, of exhibiting alum in obllinare cbo-
which warm bathing wai
niUrly b; The work is ter-
MKt tnifceUaneous obfervattotrs, to which ara
i fix uiUDitliing moic accurate and cvoipre-
;.', .r.llead of the piefeut imperfect and
■ ■ ■- — - -^i * " * — ■■ * ■* — ■ ~-^^— »— »
UtimU* firmfitiig U/Jtpvrrra it tto toraWa JaV*rf//*>nra
Iff. See Review »r Awj; it!, p. 1 »fi.
AFTER tbc return of the D*iptr*> in May 1766, from her
? round the wt'iIJ, thr coounasul of that telTel was
up to Captain Wall i a, who having fitted bar dt fw the fea
Hliy.Oa. 177J. w «*-
«itb,*tt {*>&bk expedition* made Oil* i» her from i'lynsafltfaV
>ft prtjfecu tten . of further geographical 4>fcovcrics, ;£ft t&rltfft
of A*iguft following; in company with, the- ftvftftwitiffiflr*
jfttandc^ by Cape C arterct,. and the Prina frttkrit fijQ«$Hp+a
u aWe meet with no remarkable occurrence in Ca^iWa^^ja
}o#|tta], till his arrival ofF Cape Virgin Mary oovtfie casji^jaf
fy tagooia» at the northern entrance of the £trcigbt of M|o|^
Ian. -On the point of this Cape a great number of anew, want
feeh on, horfeback^ who repeatedly made Ggns to otu- voj^agtsa
to come on fhorev We have snore than .once had qocaj*
J4qb to treat the problem relating to the sxiftence of, a;^ant
of men greatly above the common ilaturcr affirmed- by .$vjnl
voyagers to have been feen by them on thii part of the ffttjqt
and we lately (hewed an inclination to favour the atfrnssawp
fiJe of the qucftion, or at leaft to temper the air of ;n£Ufiu|»
with, which this opinion was treated by the lively author of.atjf
Rtthmhet Pbtiofipbiques fur Us Amnions •■ In Cj|fc.Wpp
relation, as well as in the preceding journal of CoflrnWMfat; JM
fan, the queftion appears to be finally and fatiifaclorily dayJBft
"not indeed in favour of the exaggerated accounts of fatraer
voyager?, or even of that of Mr. Charges Cj.arx.1, ojae^qf
the Commodore's officers f : but in fuch a manner as Chews, at
lead, that there was femt foundation for die extraofdiavyHte:
fcriptons that have, at different times, been gwen of fojjsVLaf
the inhabitants of this coafr. We £ball accordingly, -msh
place, collect together, from all the journals now before; ^
-the material. part of the evidence given by Commodore fljrpny
and the Captains Wallis and Carteret, relating to the fjDJlTT
of thefe people. ', .< t u-jjj
Commodore Byron, m his account of h» interview »tftfr
about 500 of this extraordinary race, is lefs accurate mawffXf
plicir, wi.h regard to their height, than Capt. W alii 1. arid Cap*.
Carteret > and indeed the general turn of his relation WWffMb*
* See Appendix to our 42d vol. page 5*7. We have fiace ie _
that the Marquis de Pau was the author of the work here rzfrii&S .
f Appositely to the prefent gigantic fubjeft, we baVe tfadfrgfrcttt;
name of this traveller jullly entitled to tower, in tafiitaUQ^Mm
thofe of his feltovv voyagers. In a letter of his,, publilhbd *■ ce rest
refpe&able work, he can fcarcc be prevailed upon to state iȣe?5Br
inch of tight feet in the height of the Patagonians, wiKu^.h^ Wti&
in company with Commodore Byron: and in another ^(axe^anr
content with thefe fuperJative dimensions, which are certainly"* vw
decent allowance for any giant upon earth, at lean of modern FURfp
he declares that fome of ihsm ' were certainly nine feet, if they doe?
exceed it/ This eflimate too was formed from a fair view oTlKaT,
at adulanCeof* a very few yards,' and during a fpace Of * sawrtW
hrurs, at noon day/ See Phil. Yrmnf, vol. Ivii. part 1 ? and fit
Revitw, vol. xxxix. December 1768, p. 417* ,,;,'';»
3 tends
rm*mrtifatotM++ faMUmfokn, Eft. 141
- perforin^es. The fo>lowin£ de-
**j| e^H ' ■ rtrt juris of" tfl
*er He fcvi v»ith cfccfe people.
:::cCo9in>.:i'.i;c, ' . > ap*
eimr toward* me: be was of a £>£**tic
the u!c« of rttnftm in .v bnrmtn
Vin of frnie wiM beaft thrown «fer Ms
:r wears bis pUni, and was
it hideoa* appearance I ever Kr-
one eye was a I ar^e circle of white, a circle of
-Wed the other, an J the refl of hi? face w« (beaked
It paint of tftnerent cofo-jr* 5 / *i wi mtaftr* km f, but if
I mar ja- e o ■.:: by the proportion of his tfiture to
•wowii, ir coii.1 not i"- moth hrfl tfiab fcetfl f Ml \\'n:-\
frigktfd C;\-jjiu came up, wc muttered fomewhit to e*eh
! ! then walked with him tmratdk lit*
• whom, ai I advanced, I midc fijrnJ that they
(Town, and ihey a'l readily i-nmplied : rhrrc were
; them many wrrncn, who fecmed to be profoitionaMy
few of the men vrete Icfs than the chief Who baJ
DC,
4 f lav i in- IrxiVed round on thefe/wnoKsif gsbUmwUh no fmi-1
»#oe Moment, and with foroe diffic altymide thofe that were ft I
^?'t» up fit down with the reft, I took out r quantity of
?M*" a s which ! drftrlbutcd among them, aai
ey/ttcelvcd vVith vcrr llonc e^prtffioni ofpleafurc/-^-
iMnmooore iftrrtmtflj on
**m#orr; . oft to tbcfc people with
fume tobacco, * a: the adtoni foment which I fair c.TpreaTcd in
wVeovhtcnancc, upon perceiving htmfclr, though frx feettwo
...•./j.'— He ob-
A&VeV tt* ' more property he called r/Wr
tfafcfVffff .tt-ti ; • fjc «; i vtTiO arc full fix •
:ee any a mtilcular I :o (Mr
<.ok rathe the common bulk, run up
•.vSo fhould nira-
Ijk feet tw$ in. nes, a ■ exceed a ltn«t wtP
frt mm of t ic cominnci ftaiu:c in breadth and inufuc, wuuld
ftttke ut r if a gigUific rzzc, than it an in I
rf#t!- inert fore, up
[ wnom u - .if,
I I \f irra-
'-' '
Tkit aiTerricn flatly ecrtn/.ifU a remi?k miire by the Editor In
>i< prftwo, page xvii. when fc« hiadti • rnc4<»e
Jvroa ia tiie number of ikefe who <r^aicafare the PatatO©i*Bl«
1>T 2 Cl^VaWw
ao2 Hawkefworih'* Account oftbt Vojaga
Captain Willis's description of, probably,' tKfrxV^plc,
with whom- he -had an iottcriew near the i s^al;tf>Vwrfcaart
preciffe, and tend* fomcavhat to low«: the i4kffc-*f a>ajanita
magnitude, which the fosmer relation aft* .Jyaft Joft p» ffcft
mind of1 the Reader. Ncrerthelcfj, — n frim ^rtm-fasTJlrf
thefe Patagonians appear to be a terji angular lad WJJmSm
jkk f^ccie*, or rather variety^ of the human Tacav bat wtfefltssol
Ibey may ft ill be allowed to clafs among giaato, fbatcr^aiafi
tteeourtefy of the Reader, and the idea which he sfttatiutst'frt
term. His candour too may be exencifed la rcconciiiog ahej jbea
accounts, by attributing the variation between them , tambf daft
fcrence which may naturally he expected between, « faatdajti
tflimatiy formed on the Unking view of ■ atfjfci atsassji i af
people exceeding the common fizc of men, and an aOom MM
Juration of individuals. ... (-i*& jarf)
■* * As i had two measuring roda with me/ toys Gaa^Wjaw
* we went round and mcafured those that appeared : tfe>i fee Hat
CaUeftamong then. One of thefe mu^xjatjkvow itckitiftk
several more were fix fret five, and fix feet fir inrhm limiS
llature> of the greater part of them was from jmo JotbttKlmctm
^rfi Cape. Carteret, who wu on fhore with CapU)Wa&|
when he vifited and mcafured thefe people, refers, .m«>>**» eat
journal, for his account of them, to Jiis lstier:tp Ds, Nltty^a*^
tithed in the 6oth volume nf frir Philnfnpbiril Tr>>ftJT»a%>>
where he informa hia correspondent that. * they, were* io&gaaiH
rat, ali from fix-feet, to fix feet five inches, sha»i^a*brjB
were feme who came to fix feet feven inches/ Son^aeeasM
particulars relating to thefe people, extracted frees, ten jtsatstf>si
letter, may be found on confulting our 46th vdamet'Jtteth
1771. page 181. "ii u'jdyixxn
After refitting the three ihipa in Port Famine Baa^fafkejt
great plenty of h(h were procured, as well as of c "
tops, and other vegetables, by the ufe of which,;
daily bathing in the fea, and pombly by breathing tne
the recovery of all the fcorbutics on board waa^faeefHl^itft
reeled, the Prince Frederic vi&uaier was fent off im Jads^aadrV
lfland, and the two other fbips purfued their; dinger^ ir,aa*t
tedious navigation through the (freight ;. in, .the. pcrWoaajsjatoJ
yrhtch, as we have already remarked, they *ptt*iiifijT,i
months. During this whole time, as CapuWalforol
they were slmoft in perpetual danger of {hipwreck^-jima^i
and inhofptfable region,' * where, in the jnidiVof, fonjoiebjj
weather was cold, gloomy, and temrjefluouaj whet* ahor^and
facets had more the appearance of a chaos than of imtua^ntaA
where. Tor the moft part, the vallics were srithoast henban^aast
die hills without wood.'— la fad, a reader of feafiMlitj&taaft
perpetual ly on the rack in peruiuig the plain recital «f aaat^naa)
** -• -t.r^n ijhajai
. ajao&lr1'^* Dif* Wrty "? *ht SsMt4tn Hmijfitrt* &V, ao J
JraW'brenJtb «f»p«i which oar voyajren experienced in the
Cfturtccj*" this jKnlow* navigation. Unfortunately too, on the
My oay that Caot. W 1 Hit cot without the mouth a/ the rtrcijlir,
Mn*: obliged to carrv (a\\ m order to (km a current which U<
*W •*%»» Anonrlyuii feme i Hands at the wtilein cmrar.
** finite 6t the swallow, which ww only at a tmail dict.ioc*
XaVrU, and newer few her afterward*.
• 'From the accounrt given of the inhabctantt of thefe dreary
coaJU, wtio oecafvonally vifucii the (hips, kuraan nature appear*
^n*- to be m the love* ftste o«* degradation, if we excrfx iho
lUgoniam, who tray, comparatively, he conudcrcd
at a* polrfhcd people, the other inhabitants term I'cucc to pof-
k*i ■ fund of knowJege superior to that of the beaver, of wh< m
tfcey evidently ull nWt in imlufiry and contrivance » or to have
curiojuy equal to that of an aft. The many rierclt ci
I*4uafci»ro which (hoy were witiKftci onfeoatd the (hipi were
rr viewed with the moit rtucid indiiicreuce by thti
moil flight and tranucct te-prefionsoo them. Their
which they procure their whole fubfiftencr, are
ed or nothing more than toe bark of trees tied togrth
M «raJa# and krj>: open by flaort pieces of wood throft in tran-
.-.«n the mo stdct, li« the boats which children
a bean incfl. Their wants iodced arc Uw, but they
at to he endowed with invention and mduOry furtVci
«3*HaMo toetn ro gratify even the rnofl ptti&ae of this froail
:i*a*bc?t or id provide a^ainlr t^e attacks of cold and hunger,
so **kk they arc fo frequently expefed.
U'h. !c the fhi;it mere in Upright Hay two canoe* full of tlvcfc
wretched Beings came on braird of the Dolphin, while forneof
the flii/« cxfnrxiuy were ratniut; with a hook arid line. A tifra
being r Wen to one of them, (omt*bal bt^cer than aheniiii;,
aHvo, Juft a» it came out of the w* i i , 1 ; I Hatched it e* haftiJy
aj a wg would fnap at a bone. He mewtd howerer fo much
delicacy ag nrtt to icill it, by giving; it a bite near the gills, and
thHtpi'K*- ; it j * beginning wirh the head, and going
Mto (he ul, without reject n& either the bones, fins, feaies,
or emtraals.' In fliust, they cat every thing that was- gireo
indihVrtntlv, whether fait or freih, drcficd or raw : and
thefc helpMa beings Hivcrcd with cold, yet they had
\g co> cover ihrm but a feal lltin, thrown kofcly over their
otrs, which did not icach to their middle. In the neigh-
of trm place one of the female Indian* offered one of
Comspcc'orc Byrosr"* oftcen a child which was luckine/ai her
srraih Ir ii Crarcclv ncoeilary to Cxy lh*t he icfgfed it, * hut
titer,' »ay" ihe/ournalifi (or tditor) » feems to dogradn
puur soilorii Cnagea more than any tain* in their appear-
manner of life : it muft be a thangc oeprav\t^ ol tva-
1 1 ? \tte
»94 HawkelWortV* Amount •fthtV^gti *
ture that leaves them deftitiirt ir'aflfefthm *ffiiA
or a mod deplorable fituation that imfrcTfe^nicefl
them by which it Is furrrtounted/
Having entered the South Sea oh the ttth of April, Opt,
Wallis fieered to the northward and weftward. 'Tn^oo&in
degrees W. longitude, and 31 degrees S. latitude, we find him
crofling Commodore Byron's rout; an 1 then Peering nearly
Weft, and keeping five or fix degree* to the fourhv/ard of that
track, he fell in with feme iflands ne're defer ibed j and'ot length,
on the lift of June, in latitude 17^. 30. S znd longitude ijd
W- difcovered the celebrated1 ifland ofOtabtiti.
Though the inhabitants of this ifland were afterwards foiind
to be of a friendly and peaoeable'difnofition, the rccepHoTl he
met with from them, on his endeavouring to warp the (hip into
av convenient harbour (called by him Port-royal Ba^J'vjas.m
the higher! degree hoftile, and even formidable, at le^fi in ap-
pearance, in the coarfe of that buftnefshc found him;';. If at
one time furrounded by no lefs than 300 canoes, fome alnv>(l
clofe to the fhip, containing at leaft 200A men ; while many
thonfands of the inhabitants were lookihg'bn from the fhore,
and. more canoes craning from tvery quarter. All theft cance;
were, freighted with large pebble fronts, intended to be ufedas
ammunition, except fome which had on board n very i\< ■
height, which con lifted of women, placed^rt1 fc'row, who^whea
Cbey'caoie near the fhipv fKaftifed all the wanton gc flu re's and
aHuprments that can be conceived.
In confequence of a fignal made from one
poui
Dolphin on every fide. Each of thefe ftbnes weighed about two
ho1
every in fome meafure protected by an awning which had rieen
fpread torer the deck to keep out the fun, and $y the, hammocks
placed in the nettings. For the particulars of the cornoat we
rnuft Tcfet to the work irfelf. We fhali only add that CapL
Wallis, a great part of whofe (hip's company was in a ficVanJ
focWe condition, found Irirrtfelf under'the difagreeable 'heccHiiy
of -employing his cannon on this occafion. The Indian jllcct
was at firft thrown into confufion, and afterwards re'rrc
or remained inadHve, but after fome time rallied and returned
to the charge. At length a lucky (hot" quickly decided the for-
tune- of the day ; for being direcled againft fome canoes wpico
were coming towards the fhip's bow, one of which, ov the
iipials made from it, appeared to have a chreT on board, the
**1L
chit canoe lo Cull u to cut it aij»nder. A » il«o af^hia
?ioinenoo was obfervcu
^"lilili loch riaire, that in hA( an howl (fcerc ww ..
' iiiC
h haftc, ill it in hJt" an hour tkere war ,
to be i'«n i and the people who fuJ crc
j fed over tiie hills with ibe -
riottile nodiniu^icious maimer c orpin -
» ih our good fi iciH .- chc '
red to be a mil J, foci-iSle, ao ' Dou-
bt ihctn, mi amiiblc people. Twa dayr. afierwi.- 1*
ceic again culUclcd together to if y ih«u fjrinoe in
• Jecond attack. For this puipoic many 1
:c pmtived to H- in nicuoji toward the watering plac*-,
Cant. Wallii had row cfcib'.iibcrf a £u»rii ; aud.oanoe*
:.{
1 ling from nil parta to the Ihip, ufticb. vrn
i3 of it. lam ihouf ht that l to (banc* tb.
. r»l) leflnu (he td to irukr
.-ion dtcifivc, and par an end to hostilities at once* >Im
paaty en f' 1 ; ^oc USch 0:1 bujuJ, he full ii. cU at thr
canoes which were era. .mi together ir. grouj: ,.eb imme-
Utely r.i -perfccl, or made to the fl'.c;c. Ur ihca m<o£I«J
r 0>c< u>U- fired imoihc wool behind Uicirat< , and
ward) a bill to wV<k fcvcral (houijndi had rctctaicd, in coo*
«W, a: mcc, tney were in perfect (ecu
<tt tbe balls (ailing dole to ft krgc iree where a greet
1 of t ug, ltrutk cUcrn ivi:h fuchcofiOn
bat in Ie£s than t a-o n-.inutct nut one of tbeen w.a* to be
On tbi* total dilpeilion of the iflandcis wc are told chnr
tne carpenter*, with (heir axes, were fen? ca (how, in.or-
cuieil.oy (be cancel that t.ad been run aground aoj de-
fer their owner*. This fcrvkc they crimed, and ac-
re thin 50 Cftnoej, many of wl: feet
d three broaJ, wc/c cut in pieces by them.
ivrci of the Dolphm may perhaps
.1 proper difylay ot' ; nd at coft-
1 to (be Ouhciteans, this Jait p^^eng
ra.bcr i« the light of a/»».>ft«wn;. .
out neceflrty, ai nfaoant cither
1 ttfrrofi. Tl>; .on of 50 canoe*, while no
preterit ro oppofe the operation, could nor in thr Iraft
; to increase thele ijlandert' opinion 6t our power;
very clTrclual in lellciinig thesr tbilil .cud with
; icJi conduct might be projicr towvd a known
Bfiemy, it t'ecms to have been neither jull nor cape-
-Mard a pcoc.lr who hu<1 probably acVd under the in-
take, and with whom pur vova^cii wiQxid to
1 imicaole intercourse. It may indeed be tjjjahi:
.at wm aufUcd, ai the UtahtiuMW-had WavAte.
u*
a^t^^ytw
10,6 ,. HawkeiwoxM Aiwu*t efthtVtyegt*. ..• ...m .
mggKc^fs;.ii^t Out twin lU.Ccwc* wrth>jual^t<)apfi1iaii agi>~
cine Ocesgs, who may natural J y be fuppojed toj»qp!rwiArJif««wil
«ritt the light of an ct'V, and who ac*jr»g».:in thebjtfGreitbiaWw
ItaQCC, uqder tiut perfuafion, were1 only dafendftig >theic wWwid
fcflians, and oppofiog (be alarming uitrufion.of a >Jissg^ankn4^
fonuidahle fcL of inradrr*. :, .?.n* e rt;iw «inirlcu
few -nations |iiva beca djfeovered wbofe manncra a^qic ■* ft -
carry fucb an air of Angularity on the faccpf tbos*% a* ik&igkc
theic iilanderg ; as they aic rcprefeuted to us by rauvoyHgrnrknd-^
M* Bougainville. Their behaviour, within, an hour orvtA*o«ftu-
thcir defeat, affords us one of the frft fpecimens of this, ftngriatsq
cat! of character. About two o'clock in the afternoon of teaw
ten oi the natives were feen from the ftip coming out of tbe*pc*o<UT
wi^j fircen boughs in their hands, which they itttcb^ocsm^hs^a
water- fide, and retired. They fuon afterwards brought vfbussih
hogs, with their legs tied, which they placed near the^boughs^
and retired a ice ond lime. Returning again they brought fewaiii
store bogs, and fome dogs, with their fore legs tied oser jlsearCl
heads,* and going again into the woods they brought ic*taai>l
bundles of a fpecies of cloth manufactured by them, whibhithsysb
placed on the beach, calling to the people on board t^fetoV-
them away. The boat being fent 00 (bore, the feansen .broug^tov
off the hogs, but turned the doga loofe, and 4eft she cfadeiieW
hiucL In return for the hogs they left fome hatchets^ jaUsjav
and other, things, making figns to fome of the Indiflns^iwafao)
were in fight, to take them away with their. clot^-^ifioQW*
after the boat had come on board, fays pur Journalul^eribiW*
chaos brought down two more hogs, and called to vr tarfekh
them; the boat therefore returned, arid fetched off, -cbii tsjpio
bogs, but ftjll left the cloth, though the Indians made.fiona ahatru
we should t»ke it. Our people reported,, that they hadna^toi:
touched any of the things which they had. left upon the jbcaa^u't
for them, and fomebody fuggefting that they would' s»ti4afeg:A
our offering, becaufe we had not eccepted. their. cloth^I gassi- '-
orders that it mould be fetched away. The event pcaaraJitfcatr;.
the conjecture was true, for the moment . the boat <&a4iiak«rjti
the cloth on board, the Indians came down^ftad-iWiiai eae^w
poflible demonftration of joy, carried away all ■( hadrfiepf'sbsiim
into the wood/— In this manner, as we may cajlc^.ifrs«t|lsfflq
event, peace was firmly ratified ; .for from' (hi* (tisMiSt>-»egmsf eq
trade was fettled with the natives, and a mutual JwMM^frsuflfciq
confidence took place, which were not once interrupted tiusirferi
(he whole time that Qtir people remained on tbu frpi^feflfcW
pleaiaat tfland. ....; ■. lyj.iti-- jii sfancDi
IfVp.Cball give another inftance of the. £ngubrit]tds^na1sife '
makers ox cutfoov, relative to the prefer* of^onVwbjckfij-fe
'V,./" cu*.
ftr mfiiimg Dljf»Airt nnW*/U* Mta»}MSrY.
In tbe fofiow*g qwrtttWa, where we fold ^ wife aral
ting prcfcnt* to the reurOrm of her hi
n the 141)1 the gunner, l'.irt£ •<herc to riadc, pcK^n
i:]d «(xr^ en the other fuie or
: when (be law cut {he hj^ drawn hit> attrition upon
:rt the frat a young nut, who rtooc be her, over the i
him, wjth a branch of the plantain tree in h*i hand. Whti|
up, lie nude a long fyeccb, *nd then 1*H "down fcia
c trie gamier', feet : arur Kb* he went back try) broo
uSo old woman, arvothrr man it the fame time bringi
ovtf MoUr^c f«t Hogs. The woman looked round upon >
people wita yrcac attention, fixing her eye* to me time* opon
and fcrnctimci upon another, and at lafl burfl into tc; I
I'ae young man woo brought her over the river, perceiving the
isVttiBccroaniaftixiiftment, made another .perch,
h*-fu,t: (till however the w«man'*dinr<f* w*k amtftery,
at length (he node him undcrfUnJ that he; hufKiTHJ, and
of her fori, hie" been killed in the attack of the fliip. '
Deriaig tbu explanation. Die w»a fo aiTeclcd that at lilt flic
fu*k liown unable to fpeak, and the two young men who -
dettourcd to fepport her, appeared to be nearly in the fame
coodhjen : tbey were ptobably two more of ber (unty or Tori
vcitf near relations. 1 he gunner did all in his power 10 fo"
conic* t ber, ar.d when (he had, in focne meafure, ret)
rvfCv J*»RCO>ta£tiona flie ordered the two hog« to be dclivc
10 bin>, and garc him her hand in tokcu of ftiendtfvp, hi
vould accept nothing m return, though he cAvred ber ten tltntf"
,«-m«cira> would have purchafed the hogs at marker.1
II the articles rf :utfic whleh our«oyager» had to orTert
pc tthc favours they had to >cHow, naii*. were nearly the high tit
the cftamalaun oflbcfc iflwuleiK Wr do not hnwtui men*
;io>» thta tircumttancc bo one of I \ nor are v.
luspaiicd at the eagernefs with which fume of the nature! of ^
fupwri4>rr*n|c fctaed feme nails laid before then* by the Captain^
wrt- to dncovcr what prcicnt would moU gratify them,
reference to <r»eta! gold ami fill (be
fame u*i^ but whicfc they totally neglected. Among a {people
wbo-avt an; poilieiVcd o( iiOfl, nor have the mi t ;Jca ci*
i/idicial nrfica, and uto hast hitherto been obliged to few the
plank-, of their tanojt* together, with a kind of pliited cordage
paiod .Cfffougb hole* borod, by a very opwof*- proecfc, with a
.-joe ixed ur-oa ftick, tbc Utility am n iron
Sin -he fclf-evidenr. Accordingly though Capt.
Wadiik.rbunJ m fctwd of metal bcrt, or in l he man v other '
iflam ted in hia covife tp Iinun, yet, he remark* that •
1 etaoihaokanu o| all of them, the moment tnev got a piet«
of aoniv JiicJloo, bc^an w ihaipeti if, W m-x^ uu
sq8 , IbwWvrpith.^A^^f^/^^,,^
'which thefe Manders hare posWy acquired ^' mcariscjrffiipi
yrfeich may formerly have trafficked, <k been caft away. 10 their
Neighbourhood. *
The (great demand for nails and fpikes at O.ihettc wa$'|qbn
productive ot" a circumftancc which mi^ht have becnattein&ei
with ferious cofifcquenccs, though proceeding from a WdtdftjQus
caufe. Among the Otaheiteans, male and female, the verjr'idci
of Chattily appears to be totally unknown. The .female* fcjiW-
«ver, who * are all hamlfome, and fome of them extrerhelr
beautiful,' had been early taught by their parents and frftmfs,
whp underftood the value of nails, and of beauty, and th'e'gftat
demand at market for this laft commodity,' t<-, <>-..-* a nail. a
„fhe price of their perfonal favours; and the fize of the ns^wj
Wi*
«
tiled' to pieces for the iron that held her together, befe-re th«
'aptatn was acquainted with this clandcftmc commerce, which
had been conducted with great fecrecy, though he had for fome
time been a witnefs to the effects produced by It. To a temp-
tation thus irrefiftible, and which eluded all his precautions to
counteract it, he was obliged at length to oppofe the onJjW-
tfeclual remedy, which confided in confining all his people to
the fhip, except the wooders and watcrcrs, with their guard.
Our limits obKge us to pafs over fome amuTing incidents and
cefcriptions relating to this plea fa nt ifland and its inhabitants;
to which, however, we (hall have occafion to return Tn our
account of the voyage of the Endeavour. At prefrnt we (hall
confine ourfelvcs to the collecting a few fcattered anecdotes re-
lating to a woman of rank, named Gkeren% the fuppofed foy>
refgn of thefe iflanders: a lady, who appears to have been 3(
iuleeptible as Queen Dido, and to have had a moil fcendci
attachment to our adventurers.
dence or fear, — and flie behaved, all the time (he* wis oh board,
with an eafy freedom, tha; always diftinguiuVi confeidus fupe-
riority, and habitual command. I gave her a laVge blue ftiinile,
that reached from her fhouiders to her feet, which I threw over
ft .'iSer, and tied on with ribbands ; I gave her alio a Icoklng-gUft,
'.'ij^eads of feveral foits, and many other things, all which ihc
accepted
ji !'<.
v.
i*cl with i veil :- V°& y-W. a:id cpu. holeafuTe. 5Kr m$>*
: I bad been »"'» »r»J pc.- the ihorc. J uMfr-
to pa f c»
• next morning.* —
gunner attended her bark to her howfe, which waj !
tod well buih, covering a piece of ground 337 feet Inng, and
ii.tfct of r. itof, thatched with palm
rai'ed n; n ejeh rlrfr, an! t^ iiv The
inlide, was tc feet
of the joo£ vert
■^f bcin^ open."
pc. Wallis, attended by hi* fir ft
id Mcrwife txen fick, together
It furgeco and a guard, went on fn^ie to return this
my Ptin; . i rather Queen/ tip the Cap
. i"hc appeared to be, toon after eime
\y rr.any of her at run d trtf " On their cntcrfnz
iris, by the Queen's direction, Uo\ off
i his (toiam^, And uullcd off* hit coat,
nooth down the ftin, and g< i
* The fame operation wax at fa pertVmrd
tenant and tiic purfcr, but upon none of tnofe
i to be ~.-\ health, While this wa» doing, our fiir-
I'ked ri!l he was very warm, tnoV otThis u
Bid refrefl-. himfelf : a tudcVn exclamation of one of flic
t, drew the attention of the reft, and in a
very -. <ej upon the prodigy, and every ope*
the v- hole aflcuitdy flood fame time mo-*
i I i merit, which could rot have been
f they had discovered lhat our ft icncf*
been to the trunk. — After a Jrtrlc time,
ordered fame bales of Indian cloth to
out, itch fhecloathetl me, and all rhitwero
m of the country. At firft I
favour, but 1 tins unwilling
leafed w th what was intended to pleafc me, J ac-
red a very Urge faw,
lown to the boar, and accompa-
iren dirctlions to her pexjple
»: I cacne, hut ai 1 chofc rx-
.., fhe look, nic by the arm, and whenever we came
^^Tpf v with
^H in; to have lifted over a chiM it'
nis *$of;>itality an-1 tender nefj, a prefenteon-
■< •, &c. w.j next day fent to the
:^'jj;uw, who found her tmn^aucntttxataswvx
v»
»P-!oiI*.!.aH8«Ww^ nftfw bo*
ariiwSWoV f>ar*doK of this entertantmerifi aSttf ftfrffiW
fet.btf ate htm, which fee med to confrit of fowl pietel
apples cat among it,- and fcafoncd with fart W'arei,
pears to be the only fence bf there iflanderi* AftcrvtHe t^eeW*
bad, with' her own hands, diftributed the meffcs,''brttu|toJi^
by the ferranta, to each of the guefts, fte fcaterf :iief reW'titafrt
place fame what derated, where • two wom*f9 plachi£ibWjAM
ent on toch fide of her % fid bor\ fit opening btr nrntbyA^k^
brought their bonds up tuixb tbo food' .'.. :^.^X
After, this the Queen was a frequent v Hit ant on board1 the
£bt p, -which ihe feldom entered without bringing her tfeWrftcnda
art aci^e ptablc prefent of hogs, for which (he would accent oV bu
retain in fhe way Of trade. Capt. Wallis wn toWeVeV &r
courtly to .be outdone in generofity. In the courfe erf tnft*^
IftaVltfnd of traffic, we find him at one time making a vaStfefcU1
aiijrf ipjeodid return for her civilities, the particular ^t^WwW
we alia] I give as a fpecimen bf this part of the intjercftfcitefea
tweeh ftbefe two perfonages. « It confifted of two tutW^tw*
Ecefe,1 three Guinea hens, a cat big with kitten, fdtoe<*JhfeaV
looking-glauea, glafs bottles, Ibirts, needles, threadi" ^loknj1
ribbands^ with a variety of garden- feeds and cotJetyOAMfifti
The Queen, not to be behind hand, immediately feWW dWe*
turn eighteen hogs and fome fruit. *°°' "•) oloi
Some of her Oubeitean Majefty's prefents were of a rnore'oV
licatc and flattering nature, and indicated taile. In one of trie1
vifits made her by Capt W. and feveral of his officei-ty •■-iQaal
made ns all fit down,' fays the Captain, » and talcing off my
hit, {he tied to it a bunch or tuft of feathers of various CDkrtirtjr
fiich as I had feen no perfon on flwre wear but hcrfetf, which
produced by no means a difagreeable effect. She alfo tied round
mjnat, and the hats of thofe who were with me, wreath* of
braided or plaited hair, and gave us to underftand thai bbtV
the hafr and the.worlunanfhtp were her own.'— Or? paVtTtfg-
wTth tier after this vffit be made figns that he flioold leave* th>'
JCand in'feven days. On repeating this dtfagrecable intelligence^'
* :Qxc burll into tean, and it was not without great ^difficulty:
that He- was pacified.9 mu *»a
"Four days afterwards the Captain gratified her MaJtfJfytttttfco
fhe view of feveral diftant object*, with which ftf w¥©w*W*fW
qoaipted, through a reflecting telefcope. On this ^a*i&wrriiajtf>
countenance and eefturea exprened a mixture nf %c4fitetnan*'
delight which no language can dercribe.'— Onooittirr^ ttXfsfcad
tmH day; flic afleed him by fitns, whether no fti?^paytjtafT£
i/i reflation of leaving the ifland at the tike rw'h^'fcosrfp
lm£ Dijtnxrus m tbc Suakrn Htmjthtrt% bV. yfr
and when be made her un^crflinJ that It wWfopofiblc he
l^lfcQhjpnfif'* ' flic exptcafed hcj regret by a uooo.ul Lous,
r a w/iJc wo* away her f^cech*' When vhc nine of
crew cc-r, we hud tbc i^jecu c_\;ic«icJy agiucui.
aiuvw>v£s. lo the afternoon, ihc fly eouueue appeared t
hurt * tt -7 t«fiV dr/jW,* and Again came on soard ' She
hftgugHt *ith cm," faya out Journal:!! very fine
•e*c>. li<r felicitation, that 1 would flay tea days longer,
villi get*? \ that flic wommUtJP'
cpautur, aai bring me plenty of nogt, fowlr, and ttuat."
TaapwTttto ■ i ._■
T—
/•a1 jrvuYi r'jSV «Wif
£kitl**% a*r vuti iuLa Udtiekuit edit. /r.oc'ii, lib. 4.
the CipiJin, * to exprefs a prefer
<cok of Her kindness and bounty, bat allured her thai I ihouU
•.eaiauil. f-il tlie next morning. This, ai ufua!, threw her
*r;, und after il.e recovered, (he enquired by figns when
cd 10 CXpfCfc tift r :J flic
u^n* for thirty,' — She {hid on board till night, and *t
;rnw3 di&eult) that fhc could be pre^aaJod
When five was told that the hfMifjfliL
reedy (lie threw tci upon tbc arm-cheit, and .\
JCP^UfTyi -wi;a 30 excels, of pillion thai cuoJd nut be pea
at ajrli ksiwtvo', t Hough with the greatcft relocrancc, the went
Into the boat, and wjs ful lowed by her altrndaiiLi.
p lata] day our Queen came en board in a double canoe,
by fifteen of fixtccti n»«e. * Not being able to fpcafc,
|owo, and gave vent to her pa£ion by weeping. After
been on board abaut an hour* a breeze lpr;n£ui£ up»
cooc and nude fail. Finding it now
*to her canoe, the embraced us ail in the aictt .
ttp*>«U manna, and with many tears ; all her attendariuO^pn
...now at qui departure. $000 alter 1; fell cafa*
upc*Q t'C L-nocs returned tu the l3»p» anj that
wiuci- «***ccn on board came op to the gun- room pott,
^oupie made it U it - Jo a few minute* the uti.
tbonr.nfctoer cacoe, where flic fat weeping with inconsolable
iotfow* 1 £«*c her m-cy tiling* which I thought would be of
id ibnu: for ornament i flic ulcntly acc^pct4
: tooJt little petite oj any tbieg. About uo o'cJock
we.» tccf, ai».l a (reft brecac flinging uju
0«t IndiaA t/icndf, aod particularly the Q^eeo, once more bide
tt/ereweU idcrncf* uf a UeOion and grief, a* nUci
betfr any Ikcajt and my ever.*
TbHlrtMU) not, from the fpecitnens we have given of Queen
OWrte'i exuerac lepSbility iod diftieft, and o\it i&vSvn* v*
\\,%
J02 Hawkefworth*/ Acczunt efthe Voyogtt
tbe ftory of 'Qoee>i TJi Jo, leave dilV <en^r>hcdrtcd 1
^cr apprelicnfions, for a morith to eomeVthar vdi'
l\er new friends was followed by a cataftrophe as' b8
of the Queen of Carthage, on the dcrdic*rJ6ni;dlf!!
Jhall fo far anticipate a part of the contents of the Alt
volume, as to acquaint them, not only that this Ps*ii "
'vived the departure of her guefts ; but that, nekr
.afterwards, when (he again firft appears upon the fe'ttte;
her in a very pleafaht fituation. Mr. Banks, attendfrifc _
levee for the nrft time, in the forenoon, blundered fnro HeV
Majefty's bedchamber, where he found her in the arm^oft
handfome young fellow of five-and-twenty, named Cfoin,
whom (he had fele&ed as the object of ber favours. Our ©4>
heitean Princefs appears to have been no more difconterted ©i
the occafion, than if he had interrupted her at breakfan) ; Hail
Mr. Banks was the only one of the party who was rodroU^lt
at the accident: for fuch are the fingular manners and
notions of thefe iflanders, with refpe& to a certain
that the gratification of it never gives occafion to fcai
is conducted with any degree of fecrecy. Accordii
Majefty •, who had lain late that morning, haftily drrflea"
felf, and then, as a mark of fpecial grace, having cloatbedlK
Banks in a fuit of fine cloth, proceeded with him, wiffi rat
greateft fang froid imaginable, to the tents. -J1-5
'After a itay of about five weeks at Otaheite, the Dpte^ft
pr Keeded towards the ifland of Tinian, Capt. WalHiV ffioty
account of which tends in general to confirm that before gfveji
by Commodore Byron. In his courfe hither (everal iflahdi J '
difcovered, which are here defcrihed. From Tinian lnV
ceeded to Batavia, nearly in the fame track which hat
followed by the Dolphin in her preceding voyage. *'
tjre have already extended this article to a coniiderable
we cannot terminate it without tranferibing the following'' t
affecling narrative of the diftrefsfu! fituation of the Wai rant1 1
c*rs of his Majefly's (hip the Falmouth, whom he round iTfljfl
place, and which cannot fail to excite the fenfibillry, itti^bdf*
fibly the indignation, oF the Reader. The hulk only of $H»
vefiel was found remaining, lying in the mud in a rotten *y2oMr>
tion. According to the report of his Carpentefs, whom? n't fen^
to inquire into her prefent ftate, * fhe was in fo ihattttVo*!
condition, that in their opinion fhe could not be kept tojfetfc^f
during the next monfoon. Many of her ports were wtteo
into one, the ftern-poft was quite decayed, and therd WsfiftK
plio? in her where a man could be (heltrred from the weaittft.
TThe few people who belonged to her were in as bad a ftate'aS
• ■' V '.W
* After all, Obeica (as we are «-w affurcd) was nee Queen oT
Ocaheitc.
,:ci ,
6i
■
rr/r? rfl f£v $;***wj Jlmffkffiy Ifc. jWjJ
•un^ quite brol
L3*£ ^TOWPcd 41 (0Ot\ -j the —
■-::■■ . :
icod io look aJV
the
Kky order of the Dutch, liad b< . vh i
toajfwain, by vcxiti en 3rw
and irai rfi lorablc obfcil m a Di tch h -..
si' ■ ten : — that rhc car,
■ m$ tondttKMi, tnd eve cook a wourvi
y rcqu-ctlcJ that I would i>ic ehi ■
:harge. It wu wjr]
ifluni iftal ■ : fc unhappy p<
power to relieve them, and thit ;-* they hid
i!x) tnu/I xvaft ordtn fro.
i tf fhgU tr^r /rem &;;
, *nd carmllly intieaui] chat I wcylH
that It it.ighc be relieved.
J, ;<-■; jrx'i pay due, in the expectation <
. srd which now they wojM he content- U>
Iwecpers, rather l-lan continue to ftijtf
nt fituation, which were indeed very
rfcJ to fpend a finglr night on ftiorc,
i w_s ii c i coi dttion, iBil when they were fick, no one
hey were, befide*, robbed by the Mo-
il pecptuia) dread of beinj; 1 by th«m> m
fhort time before burnt the $ j»n prize. I xi'i
t utroofl to procure them relief) *r*J
rt their eve*.*
»ckr o( rcution will probably br iricliaoo*
rl '(- • il : it m our Marine Ijws, in ntx uufcfifl
iQtin^ciicici of thit t;«d. lie thij z$ it rti
ifc tiut the long banilUnuiit jnd wiftretfts of ;hc'e
to the unfeeling and Ih-i Mention
conduul u.ir navjl *ffjir». And yet, from l be
of Cspc. Coo'eS voyage, it appear*
ii of tricfc exiles wj> known berc »
iar that ' * - -: iveie re^olarlp najrie ihcm from hone,
msuy mmt'islf tktr > -*. .*
I- fir.J tou that thefe wretch-
■■aiug-intnemud cf Bittvia,
l alf longer ; when at length, about f: ■.
4 oil the Endeavour a; that |
: Duich, who fold Ihe /emal.
I, &nO had jutt before frnc iht
great-
ly
wtcck.br
fa Ebsu ovvn Alios.
fcj«
3O4 GowerV Addreft t$ tht PublU*
After remaining tt this place a week, Capt. Waltfe pfrsjsjftshsl
to the Capt of Good Hope, without meeting with an/ j "
able occurrence, and arrived in the Down* on the Kftfr
1 768 i having fpent about a year and nine months in tW
of the voyage. ^
[T$ k antintud in nrr next. ] ...x
Art. X. Am /Mrtfi U th$ Publit, rdrntbut H tbt pn&idHjftmtf
Cbtjbirt, 4to. Eight Page*. To be had, Grmttit of Mr* Ja-
thurfl, Fleet-ftrect.
WE have the plcafure of learning, from this JdJrtfa nW
Dr. Foote Gower, to whom the public ii indebted far
the " Sketch of Materials for a new Hiftory of Che/hire" ftnta-
tioned in our Review for March 177a) hat been prevailed 9a
to undertake the Hiftory itfelf, on that well- formed plan which
he had fo liberally propofed to the acceptance of whatever com-
petent hand fhould offer, for carrying into execution a dcjga
of fuch confequence : generoufly content, on his own pap,
with endeavouring " to wreath an honorary chaplet, that may
adorn the brows of thechofen hiftorian, without preuiminc to
the vanity (as he exprefles it) of placing it on my own *.
For our part, indeed, it was eafy to perceive, on perufel af
The Sketch, that it would be a difficult matter to noil a pcrfbo
fo well qualified, in all reipe£b, for a work of fo much*
nuity, labour, and difficulty, as the Author of thst anonj
publication appeared to be, from fo ample and fo wdj-i
a fpecimen. ■ ;jc1
This Addrefs is dated at Chelmsford, in February r>*ti
but a copy of it did not fall into our hands til! withii>
few months paft. Had we met with it before, it would- 1
been earlier noticed ; — perfuaded as we are, that it could
fail of proving an agreeable article of intelligence to mat
our Readers, that a work of this importance is actual
dcrtaken by a Gentleman who is capable of executing , it {n't
manner which cannot fail of rendering it ' as nmitnatgi^/^
retting, as it certainly will be prcvinrially curious and import*1^'
Dr. Gower fcts out, in this Addre&, with alluring thf js»
quiring and approving public, that the utmoft exertion of \&
• In one part of this Addrefs, the worthy difinterefted WritsrAJfc
exprefTcs his ready acquicfcence in any other practicable pbuvdar
accomplishing his ardent wi/h to fee an Hiftory of his native «ttaaty,
written in a manner, in fome ineafare, equal to * the happftjagav
krity, and to the real importance of the fobjeeV And, at thadlaar
time, he nobly declares that, in fuch cafe, he will chearfnlly < icaya
to abler talents, the very arduous taflc of the PfbiU Hifl»i**i %&b
wall aflume to himfelf, with a fuperior pleafnre, only the fingfrpffr
vincc of the very liberal, and thtfrivttft SubfcriberS
'" leiftut
: efffltt fl :'.. fjktof* i Fii/hry tfthtfi
..hich \it
■M
to comciir 1
c
. rfrarchei
mc general
.
ol
■M:.
I fcl
■ '
>rhn[e of i;j . ...
tl
irge. frum the .11- li .
hefc nr.t;ii!) con ./* io pobtk oftcct, o* '««■
' r«e or gfarni i <f of iVeiwy ar^l /«-
IdtirelTcr, is fuffoeriitjr known
I pif-
An4 rfce rr^t
aa in or, hum «a# o. tie #»-
ich (i«j arc *?icero ; a* the Author t>ir.n on«e
rimccu*. AM Uic i*bilicits of ienfcj
mcani oqiul io ihc iovcftigation of then.— With regird Io
■maitir-g ; tl ' *«»! *a£#v^r ; he mci*)*
all luck a» ir.ij be
ia And t? r
- of hi? wiflio aod inuriu
up o' ?*■* i f i!! !?»«■ fa-
; ieiiei . ihe .. n'hiA
djw l-Wrs/ — i4ly, Th* ancient y?J*> of t)»e cor-
I aoi i«3ij,ic*.5, .ir»J of the u.cral f*m;lu.', as fir
caa be ctillct'lcii from authentic i . iliefc J-
»**f ly #ffi* ihWreJ ; ami ;;rc intended io brcqulty
' ibeti'col. chc4ix - -vr.il
uorfu-vjy. t n -i> t tirur, an
ib of «a«:h particular Jai
_pcjJIy. — j^Ijr, PUni *»i vi<w> of *i!
rtUfkmt kttjkt i jbor of *
....
lataoapt of thu anAltJatitv iii ■** " '•Ui«rW« fa
"-."-tiiaiw tm M,. : *:i ufl, -• - kti-Art* ui Mr. t«—
»vua£i 'utciy nccefjai
The f< ; concii"ca<
I77J-
X
£;«•
306 Gowct'f Addrtfi to the Public^
sices exifted in a Gate of entire prefcrvatiou .— .jthly, Plans and etf-
•vattoas o/ our moll elegantly pleating and Gothic clurchetr^tt)&jL
■The Juvtftucus mcnwatnss, and curioufly painted glajjj as thr^'extnwl
in the feveral churches of this county, in the year [596 : thuVcSS-
in/;* already exceed two hundred} and an intended coritintiiSwljXf
them to the prefect time will make a confiderable addition tp'tipr
-number. — 6tblyv The arms aud local curiosities ex i fling inttbftfif
• OUT ancient halls, &c. — 7 thly. Engravings of tbofe remains w&icn
maybe ftriflly and properly ity led antiquities, — Roman, Saxori, ac'd
Daniih camps and tumuli: curicus vcfliges of any of chefe nation"?;
with delineations of every local and ancient relic, which may be
worthy of the attention of pofterity.
4 Influenced by the confideration of thefe numerous materials, iM
of the very confiderable expence which will attend the arrangemeilt
'and publication of this Provincial Hiftory — and which the moll ex-
perienced judges upon this fubject cftimate at four thou/and guiutai—
.many Cheihire gentlemen of diftioguifhed rank, and many others,
patrons of works of national importance, have adopted, what tjicy
' fuppofe, the probable mode of defraying it, upon the genera] tenib
of a Subscription. But, that the amount of this fubfeription may, fa
fome xneafure, be afcertained for the Author's reimburfement, wiy
Jiave wifhed him not to attempt the arrangement, and Rill left the
printing of h)l collection, till half at Ieart of the preceding efliw'sie
is abiblutely collected. And they hope ihat a depofit of Five Gtf-
meat upon the opening of the fubfeription, with zfimilar depofit Upoa
the delivery of the Firft Volume, will compleat the whole of dps
c&matcd expence. ; '"'■:}
The P L A N • ' : * ."'
* (1) The work will naturally be introduced with n ' wntfil'A-
fcription of the county : in which will be given fome intertfflrnff ac-
counts of the manners of the inhabitants, their paftimet, C
and ufages ; their particularities of dialect and of adages ;
with the rife and progrefs of the fevcral rivers, the nature Of
foil, the products, commodities, and manufactures.—
* (2 J The defcription of the cuftoms of the inhabitants of tkii
county, will naturally lead to the Angular privileges, and the Vetr
peculiar jurifdictions which they enjoyed under their ancient Earji,
or local Monarch* The particular hiftory of each Earl from the rr-
mo teft xra, and of each Monarch, will be given ; his alliance's aid
defcents ; his exploits in war, his treaties, and his arts of peace.
' (3) The hiftory of thefe local Monarchs will infenfibly carry ss
to a defcription of the capiial of their monarchy ; which will iodide
an account of the form of government, the junfdielion;, lifts of ma-
giftrates, variety of revolutions in Afferent periods of time; thejfi-
gu'arifv of in .■•''. and • .■' -:r ::-z.zas; together with every thin*
t'--- ■ ,■ ■• ■■■'■' -e to the moft ancient and ctlc-
■1 . <•- .. ..-**-
<i.i
in
this article am abrttpd, §m& 6m
t"»t I -to *ri :.'/. ti..- :\j</ 4i... ,i ^ ,. . -9JroJU
ytfChfi re.
"^■i II fe ami
i an alp *iSe-*x! fei«4 . tnJ tin i
* l.uadftd wil. b* eqtiiliy *lc»habetH
vn<\vpi or
J iafrrtof r»arK*»;— nW r:i
ci of them » f*r back - i b*
-« and defcemi — their mant'inaa a*d
wal eircirrmlam it w
m*/bc wonhy of /ccoidin>, aid of transmitting Co
(mJ rf arm^frrcC tnflfli will be
lion of' all ;*fttn remain* iron* tae
-, Dm -fa, and Norm at prno -nn», bav-
. iui religion*
lift
*a.
■
Siven a
rid*.
:ir«i hiloryof thii county: inwWch tV-mli**
ifrorfib!e, be aloertaincd. when it became enlightened
'.i:li— the firft fofndttom of hi eptfoonaj
Trent-— ami the roAorarion of j; otucr i Gigbtk;—
nt of iis Prelates, and of ibe mart di*iaj>«ilaetl<fii*
it* &f *? ; i»d a pifti-
oi" ill the furcd eJiacoi, ci . cWeoea,
tfig«#< ilplabrtkiaj (eric*. — Thia ducrtpnon will comtpre-
cach churvh ia dedicate*! to ; toe an mil wr. I
feaft o' nn j the U ; the a- !*»id-
of ;*e ftra e monomtnuj infcriptico*; tke
internal drlineacront j the lift ©i" ix.cimbcnU > ifce
ot ; -mrh every other mnanrable arv4 intfrtftiag circum-
<a> may t< llik.Iy tnd pare!
il liciiol ui. [>g«iDcnt aril! be the ftveral lilb
anil E&aglfteatck, wafch have alw.tyt bt'tn
rtary ai appenJage of fucb a work as r
, the cullo-ic; rxalCfuro,
t» of . at, high (heriffV, . nnd tepr.
f onion with [tarn! aJhi
. !ith.
tfiecti u ended flitter? ; a plan imireJy
U of any ctbrr provincial hi tor/. Uut the Author
frlf, tl foni *rr tliii diffcieacc wjtl fc far recon-
enc, ai to max: i: app:rr ri:h^r an »;■
Ml .Tjrri'/r/iinguUiii/. All our [>:
<■ in : tion, rather n
<< j to be confulted otetfioaally, than any
' ■ to be peruM with pleslurt. The
J bf- a cooiIduaI change
:*c Jhould be neither cniivcaed,
•fj. ^.— when an oople
©f iacohcren: and incomiilene topic*, oblige* even ihe njrr,ir$r to
cento**? hirafclf, rather as a mere eMB?r/rr, than ai AH •Qtarpl
IC4 en: ri**, But farrly, in a work of thia naiurc, it
■ not aU"u;u:cl. idt*l tu attemnt an intejnuxiurc of tin.
X i
oM
I
308 Gower'r Addrefs to the PubIUt &£*
the duUi. The Reader may be epttrtaimd* aE the fame time thai ho
si infwmtd. And the writer's genius max ^c morc awakened, and
hii abklitias inorc exerted, to exec ate the wof k Wfth feu '
precifion, when bis whole attention is entirely ooUeClea/
to one finglc and id variable fubjeft.
• After this apolopy for the jUiulathj of the /Zo, the Author
begs the permiflion of the public — before he finally clofes this Ad^
drefs to them — to offer fome apology for the fccaiftflfltjfa tdjtmyf
the expente of this performance. He wiihes then, drffideniiy/ trPre-
mind them, that,, if the propofed fubfcnption fhould appear htffcer
than ia nfual, the charge which will neceflarily attend tfeu HifioJrfc-'
agreeable to tha preceding faithful -and concife detail «f jt — wilrbt
u nnafually expenfive. And, though he is far from mfinaa.ting aay
comparative excellence between Carte's General Hiftory ef jwaajf
fad the prefent performance, yet be wifhei equally ro-remhid than?,
that the public-attention was fo far awakened to th\i Writer'***'
icription of his very nomerous .materials— that they. geoorwa%
granted him their indulgent patronage, not in proportion to'tlfa'jfis/
of his intended Hiftory, but In proportion to tie great tafmtih 'aaV
•die Twftntte la four, which appeared evidently to attend it. A*)d fct
jrids too* with the molt fenfible plcafure— as being a work of a*!***
&1 and moft tatred import— -that the public patronage is at a*«feat
-munificently extended to the learned Dr. Kennicott's C+UojUb e/kf
HdrrwManvJwrjptt, not in proportion to theyftwof the infpke4 t«*V
-nnt to the am**htg charge which w*Jl attend this collation.' •*. - /
We have, as friends to every undenaking which tends «o-da*
advancement or credit of any part of our country, the fatfS-
fa&ion of hearing, that fome of the principal Ecntlcmctr^oi
Chcfhire have fubfertbed liberally toward carrying on this gr^it
and expenfive work. At the fame time, however, we arcftWy
to learn that the county, at large, have by no means follpj^d
fo public fpirited an example : deeming, perhaps, the fsraa of
Ten Guineas to be too confideraWe +.— But the public, at 11
faid, have been much more munificent than the county > bernf,
-we fuppofe, well allured, that in ai* expenfive undertaking) of
this nature, the Author muft be actuated, not by a principle
of lucrative advantage, but of enthufiaftic, yet proper^ 'and
becoming regard for the honour and ornament of bis native
•coujUy- . 'VVu
- " ' :■ ■!' Q
-J- Surely not ! cfpecially as we hear that thefe three large volume*
■ are to be decorated with very near 1 00 folio oapper-piatea, ^"'j****?*
and engraved by the molt ingenious amfls. . ..„. i,,.^
•- .*SwVj
■ • ••• i«M:>J
• ■ -v nsmb
MONT)f&
( 3«9 )
MO N T H I. V CATALOOU
For OCTOBER, 1773.
MjDICAl.
Ar*. i of c Sx'ttv at j{m/it'dt\my inftitu!
io<d Adrjatagf that voaM a«»ue to
Great Britain from ft fim>Ur Iniiicuii.tn extended to C*fci <-:
hr D«ap» in Mi*ca, choaV.in£, fcaupliag, Ci-ii.^, «nj
c;her Ai*.iC<it»- Jly A .cwi.dcr Jofaafcn, M.O. *vo. z*.
TS pampntc; CCcfiftl cJrtcfiy of attnfti fruro tlic Mcmair*
the amfitr^tm Bethtf trf whidl in account h. \na 11
tic JfttK* j;;t ind 4-ib volumes.
'-.nfcrtbing upward* of iixty aiflorici from cheMeftOsri,
; rial tijclotluwioR general jcrV>
' Tti ig caie* afford proof fulStient ofa furprtfoff iocctai
faring drowned prfjin. Oilier publicnicus in England help
too>a*oftr1ra4c, tor only t>!e pr . of that, 1 prove
e exam ofed with fo mocb efficacy ia rcco*c*ia# dr." 1
peifrtJ. arc, V':tk equal iuceci;, appJica.b'.< to a rnnltitadc o.
wWcxc tSe a&jtatl powers :'ccm in rraltiy to he only fafpetiJtd. and ia>
irriaun capaUe n renc^infc all their Tun. being1 pat into*
iftacioa *g**B- There are too rainy inltnneea, where the waotof thit
^EafuieracciB am been attended *irrt the mcfl unhappy eon!
^^Kn) have been committed to the grave, la wbfr.a trie pria-
iijjht have been rcyned.*
Some further niftorio and ublcrvitioni arc (Hen rtlatcd, io cor*>
fi.tnsrfon of thoft puhtiitad by die AmiSeidim Society.
Tfte taodabie defign Df thii publication, ij to excite * fmilir atten-
tioa to tae prefervation ol-th* live* of the lub^c?* c-1 t>r**t Britain.
Art, ij. Aftmurt $/ tbt Society inflitutrd #* Amfttrfam 'm fjv&r
tf Jrwsr.f Ptr/ttt. ^o^ the Yeari 1767, t-
*:ed froo the Ordinal by Tfcocta* Co^aa, I
Knbisfon. 1
On the ornmenccment^of chii laudable aSbci:-
d- ItotfiaJ lii/eitifetBeoi wt ■ uwd !'* :le
iky of Am Vrdim and other places, in order to mike the in emtio*
aTOm fc< erally knrm-n at nr»ffihr>.
AUVfUriSEMlN ;.
• Ta* society lately formed in Amrterdxtn in favour of drocmrd
perioas, bciet dciiioui of Ulorming alt the in2ubiun:i of ll
rrovintei of their chatitable dcfijns, have judged it ur»t^r 10
e«b»ifh io thii m4f«er a brief fa mm ary nf tNeni
cirCBnali»rtial ;n a pericecal wpcr, ifitirlc*. rhe Pailolophcr, Vvokh
appealed at Amixrdani, in the months of ^upalt, September, and
QUfibcx. tha» ><ar.
. dncfcr ihall produce a rcpular ccrti£^at:. proving tbat Wy
tW ale of the proper rrvcthodi, he hit recoveKd a ywun t^ci(ou wt
efeiM, «Aa» is* l^een faarea our of the wattr aUYioc xny ti^-
iteikiU ncdvt for /ccoaipeiwe ^.far rfar.iri, o: a ^ela*£sa miu crl
31a Monthly Catalogue, Medical.
fane value, on which his name fhall be engraved', aawripri^^jSj^
option. r... %;
' II. At it may happen, that federal pcrfons may have apffefCj
medal, or the fix ducats, mail be bellowed according U the"
can agree it am on git themfelves. » . _,
* III. In order to be entitled to the reward, they are only . to prjj,,
duce a written declaration, figned by two creditable perfonsy noti-
fying that they were witnefle* of its being due to the claimants*
* IV. This declaration is to be transmitted to Mr. P. Meyer, and
upon its being proved authentic, the reward 11 to be conferred within
a month after the faid declaration has been given in.
* V. Where any neceffary expences have been made at inns or
other places, thefc fhall be repaid (independent of the premium) pro*,
vided they exceed not the fum of Jour ducats ; and that whether t}tt
drowned pcrfon has been recovered or not, if it mail appear, ihat tie
money has been expended in making the attempt. ;
* VI. If any furgeon or phyfician have ufed their utrooft endea-
vours to recall the patient, and have not been otherwifc paid fbrUgdg
trouble, they fhall be equitablly rccompenfed, by the feciety, whether
they have fucccedcd or nor, upon fending in their account, prpperif
attetled, to Mr. Peter Meyer, bookfcller. J
4 We moreover afore the public, that fuch afliilance is no infringe
ment upon the laws ; for thofc laws, proposing the public good far.
their object, not ouly permit fuch unfortunate pcrfons to be tate""!
out of the water, but every fuitable meihed to be tried, in ordef in
rellore them to life ; and the edicts relating to this fubjcQ will M
fuflicicutly obeyed by acquainting the magiurate with the cafe, wacfi
the attempt has been made in vain. '.'*•
* The molt fuitable methods to be purfucd reipscllne the drownei
as experiments made both before and fince the eftabliihment of-our
fpeiety tcilify, are as follows : *
* i. To blow into the inteflir.es through a tobacco pipe, a P*V
of bellows, or the (heath of a knife, cutting cjf the lower point.
The fooncr this operation is peiformcd with iorce and affiduity, the
more ufeful it will prove. If a lighted pipe of tobacco, or fujni-
gator conftru&cd for that purpofc, be made ufc of, the operation
will be more erieclual ; for thus, inilcad of fimple air or wind, 'flip
warm initating fumes of tobacco arc introduced into the intcftina.
In whatfoever manner this be done, it is in general the firft thing
that can be tried, and can he executed without lofs of time, either
in a boat or upon land, in Jkort, wherever the drowned perfon wu
immediately placed.
* 2. I: will be neceffary as foon as pofEblc to dry and 'warm the
body with care, which will often be quite fodden, fometimei'abfe-
lutely cold, benumbed, and even ftifl*. This can generally be 'do4*
.with cafe, and that feveral ways : for example, by a warm fliirt1,' [liid
the under clothes of one of the affiants ; by one or more"Woollea
blankets previcufly warmed, by hot embers from a brewery,' bait*
houfe, fafCern, foapbcilers, or other fabrics ; by the Cons of animals,
(fpcunlly of meep ; by a moderate &te, or by the gentle and natural
warmth of healthy perfons o\ac\n% ttamfeVica \xi \k& «\xk xkp
drowned. WJiilll the two precedw« nwtata ix% ^\o# WvA
MoKTHtT Catalocct, AfcaW.
3"
and affidut'ty, St may be %rry frmcnble to mike nfe
mi i!l over the Ixvty, p*rt;tnl-i;ly down t\t fjxne ot
the neck to the rump, with wasoi SiancJi, or clothe*
!y; or fprinbUd with fine dry fait, or with linen
br jriJy, or Tome ftronjr. vi>l*tilc (ah, a the fptiiti of ana*
ngniacal uks, fr.ould a!fo be applied to the eon rib or rvb^Mft vpoa
of the noil roit may alfo prow* be-
- ^o« not any wine, or brardy, or amy Ur*np lifter, uixed
i cr other ftimulnnu, lhoufd fee r-c-urcd down the th root
foox hum <>\ Life are perceived. T neat ha*
pro; ;r of the a. !i*c
of the drowned, cloflej the i t nana, t«rt pre!
left bfeali wit* the other, bin •.
,i the beginning, thti - i-,m: bo at
HHcacio'i* as blowing tip tbe fcndiment. Ia a worJ, to driw bkoJ,
, is ?ooa as it ii poftlblc, from ■ larger rein of tfeo*
itsVST, thoolc by no «:eun* !>• rttgtofM.
Thrfc are the otcrt proper and approved methods in l'ucb eafa. Ir
s>ue* to bf ivithrd, th.n. foe th« latere, nooe %*e»* coffeya*
only be prejudicia tern upoa a barrel, la&
tatm bv rosea ■ndev the anna and ■ -r,
finer no body can aft rm with certainty that tv- drowned bt realty
- firm or" porfefaftton on tha body, we hope
t till then all pofliblc efforts may b nd that ia«A *ho
any other ra :i comotui .1 to at.
M my pcrfoo*, who hive been fu *:t-rap"». not
1 !.ii m tfce reward, we defire iherra rcnfriihtfaodiag 10
W as o* ill the eirtami' r, that we may nuke ufe
' /rmatifra whenever our iocioty Ihail pabljlh any thing apon
(bciety, (which Dr. Cogau has here gircn tba
Reader in ae Englilh di> Bin tlic whole uf the cast* a% >r 1
•obi:. lety, tne means employed for recovery, and
: Sari tbat the tvam rWS was employed ia any of th*
rd, it a meant 01 recovery,— WoalJ not this b* an
tod effect cil way of rctloring the natural heat of cbc
ntty one power ft I ftep towirdi pfopw
uai C&juv By a Society
I. Part II. &eo> i5.0d, M«TT v--.
ibridgcmcut
oew medical pubticacioas, and fbmc afaftrieii rroro botfc
rprucal ind Foreign Transitions.
Jnjcr the head of Mt4U*l V&ftrwh*:t we hare three ca4e*\-—
'-:nt, with the appearances oa dif-
I : Roche, oJ Gen
* On diiTeeltiKi, Cay» the Doctor, 1 found alcct tuelve o«nce*of
yf%\ ; part of which wi! CJntained in tfce ventrktei of
train, and the reft in bagi, formed by a lengthening of the aote-
An
I
Fa the Firil F*rt, ice Monthly Review for Jew, o. c^ox.
3i* Monthly- Cataiqpvk, MifrifattAu
rior ventricle*. Thcfe bags reached the dura raiicr, v\-iih which they
'were in contact about aa inch above the frontal fin us.: Every other
oart of the body was found perfe&Jy in its natural Aste. ft nufr be
remarked, chat this hydrocephalus was atteaded with none o£ thb&
fymptoois fo accurately enumerated by Dr« White Thia patitntwks
neither affe&ed with headach, vomiting, nor flow fever. It maij^I
think* be a qoetLiqn, Whether the hydrocephalus was the csnft of
the epileptic Hts, or merely a concomitant cffcdl : I am inclined to she
Jatter opinion ; but I think it probable, that the compreffion it occa-
sioned produced the pal fy in the arm.'
2. The hiftory of an obflinate epilepfy relieved by the flowers of
jAnc. And, 3. An account of the diffcclion of a man who died of
the hydro thorax. ^ .
Among the articles of medical news, we have a (ketch of the life of
the late worthy and ingenious Dr. Gregory. — And an account of n
uncommon acci4cnt which lately occurred at Edinburgh.
' A gentleman of about fifty years of age was thrown down with
confiderable force upon the floor of his own bed-chamber. He
£ itched upon his ftioulders, and being remarkably round mouldered,
is head was jerked faddenly backwards, but did not touch the
floor. He was inftantly feized with a general paralyfu over Us
whole body ; upon which Mr. Ajexander Wood was immediately mm
for, and Dr. Monro was foon afterwards called in. They found him
with all his fenfes, except that of feeling, perfectly entire; but he
was totally deprived of the power of motion ; and he had little iha*
fation upon any part of the trunk of his body being touched. Hk
voice was in no degree affected ; refpiration went on aa ufual; and
he complained only of a llight pain in the back part of hit neck. >■
fpight of every remedy which could be employed, his paralytic fofcp-
toms continued, a lethargy fupervenea\ and- he died within a fie*
minutes of twenty-four hours from the time of his fall.
' Upon examination of the body after death, the third vertebra of
• his neck was found fra&ured ; but the fpinal marrow did not fteaa
to be hurt, and its membranes were not in any degree torn. Every
othcr.part which wa's examined was perfc&Iy found.'
Act. 14. The Effcfii of Injections into tie Urethra* and the Ufe
and Abufe of thofe Remedies in the Cure and Prevention of tit
virulent Gonorrhoea briefly confidered. With occasional Remarks
oh the Nature of that Difordrr, in Anfwer to fome modern Doc-
trines. 8vp. is. 6d. Whiiion. 1773*
This is a well written pamphlet, and contains fome juil caatioaf
with refpccl to the fubjeel in que ft ion. .". \ <
Miscellaneous. '■; ■'
Art. 15. The Rat-Trap; dedicated to Lord Mansfield, and '«%
drafted to Sir John Fielding. By Robert Hollo way, Gent. '8toi
as. 6d. Allen. M *
Mr. Holloway feems to apply hii talents folely to the defperkrt'
and dangerous employment of mtnjler- painting. See Review for
June 1772, p. 417. ^ " ' ■■ ;' "™
■The objects who principally figure in the prcfent production of ail ;
pencil, are fome of the rouuon yaftkn S&\&0aMn*4x«ev, Wr*
Monthly Catalocv*, MifitlktMtt. 313
aarir train of raeaeft, mmwftn #, and other boll-dogi of the law ;
aaai xn norriWe gtoc.n he has mntft of them !
Mr. II. is to well xnown, from hrs frecjocnt jddrciTcs to the pab-
1 in 1 he newt-paper*, that it is u»neccfl'jry for u\ to encer c:ic-i;t-
i «i the content 1 of chit balky bvt fpiiired rerforrnance,— •
He loudly ce-eaplaia* of Oie weffivv? wr:ing* wbich he Oryi he haa
reeriird <roca i*vr>*v#ryh/j, Arc He eomffei that he hat been nd-
mtifed and pTofeeated as n former and felon ; that be ba« been a
bankrupt, aud tkat h< ' (hall be 1 bankrupt again :' but he in£lli
that he is culpable only in pu:nts of/p.'£\ r*rfr trttiiw, and fre/taVt/
f iaally, ae atoa-i Hn Axed refolucton to be avenged of hi* enemies,
fee the iftfuppoctabte indignitiei and injuries which they have c*Jt
apon him ; asid ae d< lively, 00 doubt* that * nothing
c Wood of the afpie which iliujs hii:i, •:.;. c; trait the venom
ircto hit ttiittated mi
The magiftrate againl whom hit btttcreft aecufationr and inser-
ftret ara ai?»cdv it a joftue B. who, he <xyt, naa !>«J to the humble
bailncG of making or vending rat traps : this illattrates the wi: of
Oqt Auibor'a title-page*
Taotc who are curious (o know what i> Mr. 1T» pmfeffiun. wiJl
Intra all that we have learnt on this head, from the following pafTigr,
retracted from one of h:s letters to Thomas i. ;. — * Sir, it
tftoeli not bare difgraced your candor » a mnn, nf>r Icflencd your
daty aa a macillrate, Sad >ou, for one moment, taken a view of my
m. and looked upon me as an ojitti 11 tht arrtr, whole coo*
Cfeon was at take— at .1 man preparing himfrlf for a famii? At
boaring to procure his livelihood by fair and honourable
■rtcliceV (Ve. &e.
A» Mr. H. propofes to entertain the public with the frcond perl
ssf tKis Rat-trap, and with other orodutii im oi his volatile pen. he
will do well to avail hlmfetfof I friend!/ hint. vh. that !.
wiil not be the lefs efteemed, tlionld he vouch f«fe to pay a little
attention tocorrce'.nc^, and to ^ramitur, — and even to inc
• M rVt«»/rri "*—tkm explained by our Author i — ■ A cant word
•Ha trading juflkw, tkief-eateher% and rsarflialT* court baitfrrs, for
wrctcaes who get taeir bread by g^isg (Wear whit
nd ftecetTary/ And he adds Si* % jtltmm prtttjlatianj trut,
to ail itrtarm ixemAtj*, sre moll infer, ' there arc hthfu •fe*lh \
jctu may engage a man id facar an ntndsr.c, which be never read.
wiih as litrjr ceremony at you engage a journeyman taytar/— Here
:. lubjoini the following jiift relied ion on the (hnmefu! want of
nity, and even decency, in the alba] manner of admimft/ing
oote; before a ) cilice, and wc amy add. even in our court, of law.
(1 It not a bujlckjue on oil thai b rclij»ioui or in
to hear 1 faered obligation entered into without farther admm
tfcaij, " You lr-*ll triii; antwrr make (who pays, who pays.2) to all
on*/1 A:c. A pretty pirerthefn. I confefs i -wbt f+yt ?
may be a proper iacuiry foe a turnpike man in a harry . bu.
rrajillnse enuutted, cvcutujUIy. wills the live* ;iad ^to^cti.;
reople, 'tis a ibamr/v/ mockeo' of the intttttiuort/.
314 MoNTutY Catalogue, MifceU**mu .-'
humble circomftance of true, fpelling : in which I ait rcfpeQ ffiBjjfcMlH
or his pripter, or both, have, in the produ&on before usybecq ,in-n
tolerably negligent. - ^ , " ^,
A"- J 6. Am Effay en tbt Mtant of producing mtral Efftfts frm
fhyfkml Caujcs ; or, of infallibly extirpating the Roots of natio^jjj.
AnitnoJuy among the North and South Britain* ; and of eftab4$u,,.
:ng a permanent Popularity in Administration, by the Efficacy -of
lOnciphne and Diet. With Notes critical and explanatory. £vb«*
i s. Williams. 1773-
A piece of folcmn humour, written with the gravity of Ccrvsntea
©r Swift. It is the work of fomc ingenious North Briton, and will/
contribute, with the writings of Arbmhnot and others, to refute.*-
notion which hath pretty much prevailed on the fouth fide of the
Tweed, that humour is not to be found among Scottilh writers.
Ait. 17. Tbt Pbyfuians. A Satiie. With other Poems. To
which is added, a Specimen of an Enquiry (wanting ti/t Mind* ,
hvo. is. 0 d. Bladon. 1773.
One couplet from this Satire on Phyficiars, will be, fufhcicnt.tyt
evince the Writer's poetical merit :
4 He that void of know lege doth pradkifc, : ,/
I call a mete aiTafiin in difguife.'
So much for the ver(e» With refpect to the Author's profit— hit
fckct Propcfiicxs contenting tbt Mind, which he here pupUfhca as \
Jpecimen of an intended larger work, — we' have only to obferve, that
it appears to have bewildered himfelf ; and that the Reader who at?
tempts to follow him through bis metaphyfical labyrinth, 4naJtt.ia)
courfc, be no lefs bewildered.
This very indifferent writer intimates fosnewhat of an apology for
the incorreclnefs and errors of this fpecimen; urging the ' numerost
difad vantages of his iituation in life, under which he has profci
cutcd thefe enquiries ;' — his * want of leifure for due examination,'
&c. But if his Iituation in life be fo unfavourable to the attainment
of literary or philofophical excellence, wherefore does he trouble tie
Cublic with his crudities t If his fortune is not affluent, is it likely to '
e much improved by his unadvifedly contributing to increafe she
general flock ofwifle paper?
rX hefe remarks may teem harfh to the writer whofe perforaaice
Bath given cccafion to them ; but if he lhould happily poffefs tejftr
Er and judgment enough to draw the proper conclusions from tbec,
will regard us, not as fnarling ciitics, who delight in mortifying
an unfuccefcful fcribblcr, but as hoficft men, who benevolently endea-
vour to ict right the devious traveller, wJipns they perceive ID hare
Jott his w:-y. t.. h
Ait. 18. Narrative of the Mutiny cf tbt Offiuri sf tbe JrmyM
Hcngal, in tie Tear 1 760. Written by Henry Strachey, Efq; Secre-
tary to Lord C'iive during his Jail Expedition 10 India, and lastly
given in Kvidcnccto the Secret Committee of the Houie of Umv
mors. 8vo. 35. 6 d. fewed. Beckct, &c. 1773- -,;;
The very extraordinary combination of the officers of the EngVM
army in Pt-hgal, in the \eait \jb$ and V,<&* vim an event which at-
tn:ud the aoticc cf the public, as (oou aV\\Www:Yw**u«i Wan
Monthly Catalogue, MiftiRmcw.
w
be* vr never hid * foil ace! complete tcxcun! of it, lift tbts COrfoai
nd i irr made it* jipprtiiwt. Thectaftruf difcoa-*
3 tie miiiny, i- thai re!-
my rean fiece tee I piny; io <«fi deration
of t^ ;»niry exMece* and snconrt&icncies unavoidable I
tbf campaigns in that country, indulged the officer* in
lib a certain alkiu-ame iVr tfnne, exclulhv of their pay.
ance originally went, and ftill gor$ by the name of" battl?*
or field exproon.
'vVhcn the En 'life forcei took I ii conjunction w\th tbe
Nattfb JaSicr Alls Cawn. alter the battle ofi'laiTcy, oar mifiurjr ex-
prneri were, agreeably to treaty, defrayed by bii eicellrney, who
likewise thoeghr. pro p«r to enemfe the enolumenes of the oeV -
by (Mating t stm a double allow ancr, which of coarfe obeairca tee
naiuc of M double batta -,'• *od Lord < In*, nt, in cedce
ikn the jjeotieaen iHouli not too coafsiieatiy depend upon the u»*
tianancr of this new boaney. rcpicrertcd :o them, that it was merely
iporary indulgence of the Nabob, an fodelfrenca not enjoyed
by o.. i ■ any other pin of India, and coald only cootinoe-ta
thofc in bccgnl during pJejfurc. The excencc of
doable Lutta» however, th mtrodaced*nd pud by J&iEcr
I L'awn, v OfA at time, rhrown uion the Cornpaary ;
Mfce) uooiBwig to adopt inch an etptn.ivc precedent, norwithibc-ding
rceenocs of feieral diflrich o.L land* had been a Hit nod over.bp
ibeNabob to the Company for defraying the charge* or the arxnr.
■eycatcdiy slfocd orders, in the mott pc. .oaU be
abolitVd. Hit the fitaaiinn of their military and political aifjin in
lt#flgil wm fo frr<|i»riit;y c-itical, ami ihe fbpeeffl < io the
crvil braac* lb averle, perhaps through want ot ?el'oluttoap to abridge
laeotbcera of any eroa lament, that a rrmonib.ince from the army
m*«v failed » convince tac Governor and Coencil of :bc impropriety
affect frrvoWtk.«,~f: mull be rcinemi<:eJ. that tkc i ing
teef buir/irfi mi one of the principal points of reformation prellrd
•pem Lord L'Ure io the year i joi, wien, at the roquelt off a gnaerat;
onart of proprietor* of fitlk India Hock, he wa* prevailed upon to *c-
I uocc Bvorc the government of Bengal. •
Tkc cnptulni *jh1 fubaLtcra officers having been fuccci'sfal in t'nei'r
r«aoo£reocrt agaieill former order* far s rednrrioncf the //«•/*, tailed
not to ale the facte cn3ra*ojrs when the iical reda:iion was an*
oooaccd to take place oa ;ir nrlr day of the new year |v66 I Lord
. c taving then put an end to the war, and made an alliance with
Sejah Doala. Bui fi uivoidablea the
oicera onanltnoufiy i. in rutue off" a previous and foJeran cotnp-ti't)
ikrev ap tbeir coeinullioa*, And a general mutiny of the whole army
«*a exposed.
Lo.o Llive'ft cndoA m thcfiipprcOion offjdin*crou^ acooipiracy*
nfcidi a fcxaaxkaoJc ialiancc ol the rcfolutioo and fpiritof ihu great
ceeaound?r ; arbo fecma to bate been Urx /• fitutfi in all his usxJrr-
takiagit aed to iriuapb orer every kind of oppoutioa.
Sfr Robert Fierceer if porticu/a/Jy oxtacked io thit paV\kavioo. \
hot ee- aej Aede his aVfea<e, ia fcvMAi iettcrj, primed ui vao ox*»-
ti6 Monthly Catalogue, Brammu, Pv&au * - -
Dramatic. . . .iv (vsrij
Art. 19* The Macaroni \ 9 Comedy; As it is performed fit thi
Theatre-Roya! in York. 8vo. is* Nicoll, &c "iM|?T
If the natnelefs Author, who gives us this comedv as »fc^W»
iuaion, had fubmitted it to the revi&l of fome judicious rVicfcdjtttt
acquainted with the modern drama, it might cully have been ■iiUtilf
to the taile of a London audiencef and would probabjy have bee*
well received. In hi prefent form it is perfectly chafte, and moral;
and, though not deftitute of humour and pleafaciry, would, perhaps,
■ow that fatmuut is out of fafhion, be decried, and exploded, u
ItttU bttttr than a firmtu. As to the Macaroni, it is, at beft, but a
thread-bare chara&cr,— the old ftage fribble and fop ncvy- drcfled,
and new-named.
PoETJCAt.
Art. 20. The Triumphs of Britannia, A Poem \ humbly jk-
fcribed to George Robert Fitzgerald, Efq. 410. 2 1. BMasnJ
1773. •>•
» What mould be great is here turned to farce; and poor Brine* -
ciai fong of triumph is the fong of ridicule ; fubjcOs of which an
afforded by the late naval review ; fome of our moral and pimt$ no-
bility; the bruising parfon; and the hompuraiie gentleman waosj
name appears in the title-page. In honour of all thefe ftrfmt **i
ghimgt, lo F^eans fuch as the following, are rung, with aroqjan|
changes: ..•...■ r
* Rejoice Britannia! lift thy head on high! .; '
Wide o'er the globe thy purple llreamers fly; • 0*sis
Sprung like another Venus from the main,
Thefe are the triumphs of thy growing reign ! .. ..i»c
* Tis men like thefe that vindicate thy worth,
Alike the pridt and t*-vj of the earth.
Rejoice Britannia ! boundlefs be thy name!
Earth, ocean, air, confpire to fwell toy fame!'
Art. ax. Tht Adventurts of Ttkmacbut tbt Sm ofUljgis. Book
the Fit*. Tranflated into Blank Verte by Mr. John Clarke. 410.
is. 6d. Allen.- 1773.
We have had fo many occafions to exprefs oar Sentiments of the
illuftrious Fenelon's noble work, that we (hall now turn immediate!/
to the translation. Speaking of Calypfo, on Teieaaacfans's firft ar-
rival, the Tranflator fays,
She knrw him for the young Telemachos
By heavenly wifdom and fuperior knowledge* '
That (he inrw him by imnvleogt, there feems to be no more resfca
to doubt, than that (he fa<w him by fight.
And poorTelemachus of his father fays
Penelope his queen, and me his Fon,
Mix with our hopes defpair to ever see him.
Penelope and me mix I
We cannot dHmils this An tor without snaring osm srlrnfwkdif
meats to him in not obliging us to ltsA tsuxe <bma &fof lines of Vs
'OMnfUtioiu 6 .
MofVtfCtT CATAi.nr.rr, Puticah 317
Art. 12. 7 Pr<mt fy a G<
: BalJaif of
ICtary CfeftCt j •*/***' '• 4*°- l*« Law, ice.
Tbc Kejuiih arm hwjr.g ken vi&onoyw, in a frcond .1
ore* th/: haee, iii their turn, found a hard :o
«lebra;e their •..anaroas dredi. The fiord of Ken:, * ch«
ct, gitei a moral turn to Kit foagi and thus he concise; -,
I feMcfXitVt,
and content ;
Say' What deiigh: can &II cbe breaJt,
Where innocrncy U*a coulfit?
Yonr noble *Jtc/tt& will ihod
The h*»t 4iuu*emcnt in die .
While KtMDH CfticctTiai, offtmr,
ImaaOrtalbe their conquering name !'
Bat, whatever (aptnOfitf ric Kcntifli men may siTUmr, witk rff-
fatca 10 the i^, the berry men Term to have the belt claim to the
Art. 33. ,/n 04 /poyJ f# the Ahmtry *f th* ht$ Rtfa llmxr*
mli* (Uergi LtrJ i.pttihc*. ftO. It. DodfltT. 17;
leery mark of honour t> certainly due to the celebrated Noble*
d:i T.'hwf memory bean the adJref* of thir Ode ; every uibute
feti tbc Mofrj, more particularly tsbofc f*voer he cultivated ia (be
tadte walk, nrltfa a fuctefc alrxifl pexu-mr to bim&K. B»t evotjr
eiinrn hai an tnteTeft in the remembrance of a Patriot, a fr'ricni
WtW Libertier and Laws of hit Country, and an able and eloquent
Anwocani in their defence.
it u co thai part of hi* character, and on hit merit at an HiJto-
MQidactbe eornplimrct of the little Poem before u: chiefly tuini :
Reviling Freedom*. t;ilv mora,
Wrtb magic pencil to adorn.
To paint iu welcome n
Wu r*i» — a manly theme to chafe
fcucccf.ful court th' hhtoric MuiV,
And gain immortal praifc.
Not only by the learned page
IU claim'd attention from the age.
To Pkcvpom'j godlike form;
Ofe in the Bcpafl "Sue
Her marly firnlimrriu have hung,
jMn oratory warm.
When minirttn bavc dar'd to flray
In Tyranny1* enticing way,
Oft he'd the tUcam opoofe ; _
Oft hath he Hood Britannia's friend,
■cat palladium to defend,
On overthrown her ioct.
• See Review far ©epwnoer lail, p. aju
1K»
318 Monthly Catalogue, Hujbandryyt^c:
His- private aod focial virtues, though they would have afforded.
* fubjeft for many ftanzaa, are noticed only in the following:, [. *
. . Nor left (if Fame report aright) ~ ,.«!.i|li!
T%e fofter Graces did unite * :u.ii
To adorn his manly fenfej . ' " ,lM
' \ ,, The graces of a generous mind, ■'" .ora
Soft Pity, Love of human Kind, «.*/:•
And wide Beneficence. - .:>.
The three llanzas appropriated to his Lardihip's poetical charac-
ter have lefs poetry than truth :
And often did the £t*tle Mufe,
At his requeft her tmiles diffufe
Around his learned retreat ; *
When Lucy's name in Jkueetefi (ong,
Hagley, thy woods and groves among,
The echoes wMf repeat.
How fiveetfy o'er his Lucy's bier,
Harmonious fell the gentle tear, \
. -■ How raark'd with generous woe ! i
Lefs Jwtet, Petarcha, were thy (trains.
When thou for Laura taught'/ the plains
And woods in tears to now.
The repetition of words in ,thii fhort compafs of two ftanzas, as
bad lines, as,
Ah ! let our prayers move ! £,.
Vice brings on only woe. rt.
• *
In torrents toward the fca.
So many defects, in fo fhort a poem, have nothing to plead in their
behalf but the piety of the Author's intention.
Art. 24. Jnt't* Pantheon ; or, Verfes occafioned on reading a lite ,
Publication, called, The Pantheon. 46. 11. Snagg. i?)1*...
Nothing. -° ' -
HlISBANDlY, &C.
Art. 25. Trafts on Practical Agriculture and Gardening. .Parti-
cularly addrefled to Gentlemen-farmers in Great-Britain. Wfifc
ieveral Improvements in Stoves and Green-houfes. To which i>
added, a Chronological Catalogue of Englifh Authors on "Api-
culture, Botany, Gardening, &c By Richard Wefton, Efq; Au-
thor of the Umiverfal BotamijS ' f. The fecond Edition, greed;
improved. 8vo. 6 s. Hooper. 1773- A
In our Review for April, 1771, we gave an account of tm V#
edition of thefe ufeful Tracts, which appear to have undergone very
t See Rev. Feb. and Septemb. 1771.
5 B**
CoftfcESrOKDENCI, J^
. mprovcmenl in thil t':cond editio*. The <t.ctk
!c kinn, tnd the cmioj;u* of writer-. oa k*j"-
bo-thcj or* natur.-
■ < 177* in
Mr. W. K? the namci of DU) Ol Unon of .
noti publkationi ; but bow far tbii matter efjfatt hi
CYtry inCance, l<> be depended on, u belt known io
retard to one an lift, we can allure htm chat iJie A'.
by the ceUbnird
* Review, . I. Where rbc%*Vin:iry nit'jco
4 ic» danjeroui miflriding Tendency, are IuJIt «x-
pcfeJ. It *a: n:-; prJ • death. Our Author
it iilcnt m Eo ruber pieces mrntiotcd ia
biicauTofi hi» wojk ftiJI ciutc ufcfof,
if, in a futu'e edition, he would, fo far as hit opportunities for « x-
Jcd, more particularly d;liii;guiJh tor **cac
from -
E A 5 T-I KDISI,
Aft. a ' *»d W Hcpofl of the Stlc& Committee
ippoinri hy rhr Manic of C rto the 5>t»t« of
Coapaay, and of the Krt-itii AHaii* m the
Iadin. Folio, i i. c Kvaas* 177 j.
See Review, reJ. xlviL p. ^ 1 1.
Nov*i.
Art. r . Dyky and Mift Stanly. A Karraifte
1. B> Mr.. !•■->. ny, Ag.
r*. — ■ 1 «ft ' "■• • ■■ -'-■■■ 1 r-: 1. -Yi!'. r . Sniffr
Oar opa- -term for
born ; *rr Ac^uft Uv.
Icgoc; wiew *c bare tncAUonod her cd*cr work, chef*/..
0 C R M O N S.
I. Ar tSe Atfrxetat Wincfcer^er, July 27, 1775. By Jorm Cooke,
ti.l' C.C. Oxon. Ku-ingtoa.
nrnted Death of Ifaac WhiuifiMon, Efqj one of the
SWCIui-i is the Court of Lhancery. Preached . -li Church
ofOalth ., 1773. ByPauiWnRlu, B. D. I.S..V.
Baihoift, S:c.
Mrrring of the SoflU of the Clergy, xt
1 . 1773. By Samuel Gliflr, D. 1> pHCs.
1 ii: Majelty. Riiington.
CORKLSPONDENCE,
CorrtfpiciC'cr.t who ugns Axk*>t defire* :he Reviewer* to lake
foiloAing explanation*," which, he f u •
11: 10 remove their owa duu&t with, reflect
. .... a n-.cntiooed ;" am.
« la
Ac,
320 ' Correspondence.
*• In the Catalogue part of the Review for April," t>. %i%t verf
frroper notice is taken of a pamphlet, intitled, *■ A New Diflerta-
tion on Confumptions." — The Author of this Article concludes his
obfervations with this remark: * This piece is dedicated (farelv
without permiffion!) to Dr. Fothergill.'— indeed it was.' DrF. is
wholly unacquainted with the Writer of it. ^
This is but a fmall grievance ; the next is of greater cqpfld* mii:
In the " Monthly Review for July," in giving an account A", a
pamphlet, in titled, " An Appeal to the People called Quakers," &c
the Author of that Article candidly acknowledges he is '. unable, for
want of knowing many rcquifite circumftances, to pronounce any
thing with certainty about toe cafe.' — Some fuch circumftances are
the following ; and more could have been added, had it been fop^
poied that the public would reap any benefit from a difference be-
tween a few individuals :
On a complaint againfl Dr. F. for defamation, he fuffered himfelf
to be prevailed on to have the affair determined by arbitration.
Confcious of his own innocency, and relying on the candour and
'capacities of thofe who were nominated to decide the matter, he ins
left felicitous than he ought to have been about the choice of his
judges, i
Three out of Five gave the caufe againfl him, and amerefcditisa
500 1. •< .«*
So large a penalty inferred an adequate traiifgrcflion ; — a n*a*c*
, of the fundamental laws of morality.
To refcue both his injured character and his property {sop a
fentence fo difhonourable and ill-grounded, became then an ohjeff
of much confequence. " °^
Such had been the precipitation of the three arbitrators, as Sand-
ing their fentence irrcverfiblc, that thev rcfufed to hear tna&h!
rvidencea on behalf of Dr. F. and committed fo manyorher ittftfcs,
that he could not but avail himfelf of them, by iuffering th^'mit
to be brought into Weftminfter-hall.
Without hearing Coupfei for Dr. F. the judges unanimoulsr fit
afide the award ; — and the Society of which Dr. F. is a Member, jof-
tified his conduct.
The intent of the Appeal is apparently to retrieve the characters of
the three, which had fuffered much in this tran faction : and thewnw '
of it feems to have expected that the Public would have fblfolttd
their example, in patting fentence without hearing both fidpa fiifly.
#." The latter part of this Correfpon dent's letter, with tbq^t-
tian, cannot, with propriety be noticed at prefent, as the wt/l$ M
which it refers hath not yet appeared in our publication.. .,:mJ
fit The Letter from Wiktminfiu on the fubje& of ^iw^cja*
to hand too late in the month, to be more particularly noticM'*
the prefent Number of our Review : it is under awfitosrjnf.iar
our next.
MONTHLY REVIEW,
For NOVEMBE R, 1773.
Arr. I. Of tin Ontfa **J ' Pngrtfi tf Lttpa/t*
JN oor Review far September wr jrirc an account of (he firft
book of chit work ; in Which the Learned and iogenioua Au-
H" thought Jt ncccliaf y 10 enquire into the origin of our ideal,
«o define and dnride them, 10 explain the nature of the two fe-
▼mJ kind* of theo>, and 10 fhew how they arc formed, w.th-
nut fufpoTmg them to be ihe work. of Nature. He now l\
it necclury, 10 order to £ive the philoiophica! account of tht
origin of language which he proposed, <a enquire hkcwifc into
thec; Cietr* Now the firifcquelhon to «e confidtrtd
fajo, is Whether lot rcty had a begi
», Whether ic be from Nature, or of human in-
Ajfuxiun?
Man, wc are told, is neither a grt*ffrhvt nor a fi\Uary*v\-
ma), but participate* of both kind*. — Though be
Katun: tlwt capacity of living, either by prey, or upon the fi aita
b turtb, yet our Author think* that by Nature, and in hi*
1 at he only lecofliea
an animal of prey by acqui/txi habit, and that I* hat nona-
propeii!i: v.
• I I he, thi- n of aalne i» t*ry diiffrent from
the eottoxm opinion, and thai it is generally believed, that men
are by Nacuie a* much, or more, otutcd to :fc<^ kind, tfcao any
other i olroa). tu k: thoSe who before fo» cOoM<
; JO Our fpccicii ana wfaucn fccail 10 be a peeu
^^^Miaguilhei us fioui every o:ae* lanXinimal. and Sets us at at
rrom ocr kind, :*it> even car bean's of prey ar<-
, what ! mesa it, th< en fe<tiin£ «pono»* ano-
ther. Tt.<4c who pdje of man It i ad 03I7 by f±f al th«
aiodcen iu:tona of Huioae, arc I I ;o believe this j
. w '»» well rot V. witb-
•ut tJoitbi. or bcWes »uhout corn, wine, or beef, and Wiibaal
Vcn.XLaX Y $Mto%
J22 Of the Origin and Progrtfi of Language. Vol. I.
planting or fowiftp ; aavi if there »va« any doobt before, JX. h MV
entirely removed, qy the late discoveries that have bera niadpjpifcr
South Sea •• And I am pcrfuaded, that all nations have at famojimc
or another been cannibals; and that men, ai foon aa they btCMN:
animals of prey, which, as I have faid, t>» / vverc noE originaJly>i^i
upon thofe of their own kind, as well as upon other animal* : ibifcftt
it appeais to roe evident, that man has not that natural alrh*cm*c
10 the flclli of man, that lions and tigers, and other beads of prey*
nave to that of their own fpecies ; who, fo far as I can learn, never
feed upon one anoiher except when urged by the extrcmeft hunger.
' This therefore is another peculiarity of oar fpecies, whjch diflift-
guifhes us both from the carnivorous and frugivorous kinds of ani-
mals ; and proves to me inconteilably, that what is (aid by pbUpfo-
phers of the attachment we have to onr common nature, and of thofe
ties of love and fyrapathy which bind us fo fait together, inpaw*
only to the rational, not to the natural animal ; for as Marcos An-
toninus the Emperor has obferved, we are focial, tecaufe we aje
rational +. _
* Let us next confider how man {lands with rcfpc& to the other
Aivifton of animals, into political and not folUicmi ; and I &r» that he
it likewife in the middle betwixt thefe two ; for he ia political* HOC
by nature, but by inftitution, and acquired habit. Aad indoedyif
lie be not by nature even a herding animal, it follows ofconieqoaaca,
that he is not political : nor can we fuppofe that any thing is mttinl
• - I mean, thnfe made by Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander in their lets IDfs^sf la-
the South Sea, where they Found in the country called Afcw Zmloxd, m people wha
fed on hnfriM AeA - tut were, in other re fpe&t, fv from being r baefaaiout talln*
Jiumm people, but, on the contrary, brave and genetous, I myfelf kaoar * ffi
Jefoit, one kftnj. Rombtud, who wu mW&onary among a tribt of Indians, la
America, called the Alb>u*q*o'u, and who told me he faw eight and twenty I
men eaten at a bvtakfaft by i triba c* Indians who had come to- the SAOaate w* I
French in the late war, from a remote pan of that country towards the VVeaV
they flUl preserved the cuftom of eating men, which appears, to have been «auamfi*
vetftl ■mong the nationi of that continent. The Br It Kb hid been taken pvtfboon kj
tbi* tribe ] and though the French genera}, fHimj. Mirtrcahm, was at great pauii to
fare them, and offered the ladtana double the number ai heaves in the piece "tY
then, he could not accompliih it j for the Indian faid, they were nan feck, raelvby
to prefer the flcm of oxen to that of Engliftmen. And I have beard ft well itsHwd,
that feme civilised men, who by great neccrTity have been reduced to the iiissjafclff
eating human flcih, hove declared, that ibey thought it the feecreft they cvet taint.
] am well informed, too, that there it a nation In the inland pacta ef Afrit*, wheal
human Heft ii eapofed to fale in the matket as beef and mutton it, among e*, c#IK>
tiltjfi <*> U PaW (an author of whom I mail give i particular account afterwords') in
fail iiirtory of Pero, fay a the fame thing of a certain nation in Sovth Amemw, -nasi
the authority of a Spanilh writer, one Pedro de Cera, who affirms, that h* few/ taj
* ith hit own eyes, the harr|an flefh npo&d to f*le In the ftambles ; and That !
at their own children whom they begat upon their female captives ; and with
to their male captives, they gave them women to breed out or, and they fattfel
ate the oSVpring as we da calvea and iemba j Jea* r. rawftw 5 . We need it* Thcsedbw,
doubt of the truth of thofe fToriei told by Herodo»if and other ancient jaaJpMjg|jF
Indian and Scythian nations that fed on mens flefh. We are not however c* bdiaaa,
that there ever was a nation that fed prumifcuoufly upon one another j for the fatxjt
that all fucb nationa eat only their cnemiea, or (hangers, whom they treat as eae-
amra, and fuch of their own people aa die, or become 0 fete f **'
anitirv."
' f « eVri Tff > cj-iitv, W.tt; aal v«AiTiafrf MtfiW* hh, Hh1
\a
Of ih Orlgtm ltd Pngttf* Of £«*/*■¥«% Vol * I." %t J
10 %m ejrrsnal tfcat b *o: m*:tf**j for His febSlence, which ccrtajoJy
the pu ; »hefc*a IO the bee and ant r
sural, becsufc ic ii reorlJirr * and accordingly thofe aiinaals haw
Brfwr l*en found (i»f> or deuched. With rdprA to nam. it ap-
p*-»*-. to rue, chat he h&» btrded, axd entered into the [v>tt;ac:
for tlic feme rtarbett, and at the fane lirne -, And thcrc&rc I ocliete
mi own fcive been fou g Coacchcr who did .. carry
ob tiirae cotatnon work ; that it M tay, as tat Item espUitttd, lived
in tie political JUtc.
* Bat ii A«A the only aniraaJ that is in this fiate with reffecc to
th* foetal and pottikaJ life i If it ncrc fo. U wauJd be nor.huug cat*
tmoid.an; iii fo extraordinary un annual as nam. But there ice
other inimah of the fame amphibious nature. And, /*?, there it
ti* wild boar, which, while he ii young, is a ieroinr; aiumai ; hat
when k# frowi old, ic live* by hiailcli, and becomes what the
Freach cnli ** j'JUaht. Then with rcfpeci 10 the politic*! fl«c» the
Jiwac in ton covikm is not a political animal, :houj»h facial and grc~
goxioaa ; but in the defarts of* Tariary and Siberia hv is political;
for being there hunted by the Tartars, as hires and drer are in thta
4oumityp they, for Iclf-defence, lorm cheinlcl e: Into a Uin.lofoonv-
aaunity, and take joint mcafiare; lor farinj thccalclvo,
<OaamwnU do by flight ; and :lut they may DM be I ariir:lcd by ttieir
enemy, rhey fct watr-he*. and have commandrn, wUn diu
katleo their £ i^tt ; foae of wlvm have teen loon bringing ap (ho
reaar, and beting and kicking the bindino:t, in order to m*Xa tixcm
tun fa 3c r.
' But there is another animal that rcfrnbles ua /till a
■■fpwiQ, and chat si the beaver; of which I ffiail dy a grra; dcaj
tnore afterward*, but it u fufticicne for my pref«nt purpose toob-
that he U peeci&y what 1 fup?ofe snaa to he, a-nph; Jtoai be-
twiat lie aoJitary And the I'vci*] lite l fur in Certain couotri-A, pejf*
sJcuUrly in North America, ace) fame of the northern counun i of
Europe, he » found living En avhau in*v be call"d eml jWtty, »ith-
«ut netaphoe oe cxagfterauon ; u/he;cas in otocr couau-ici, where
re not fo semcrouo, or in thot'c very couauir* wx*n tacy hap-
pen to be difperfed, and their tillages (for fo I may call them)
Masard by the men wlro hum them, or when they tic pritcni
an«n from ifTocieting, ei they are in ail tSr rourftem c<
*, they lead a folitxrv Itfr. and hide theaoielves in bclei, with-
oik aar ceniDunjey or oubkc good *.
' Oi th* u«ic *jup*i;uiuui L>uid i» an aiiim..t well known in thrs
connaTT. rix. rbe hare, which being few in naaofaer :a all the couu-
ttlrt 0)f Europe, ajvl much per(rcu«-d by tnen. lead j folitary lafe,
at|td never : I ra a public ; but in the plain* of TaftVjr
they */« s>rc>>Jtfious. The fact we are atTared of by tne fame m;hor
wino rnfortiis ua of i.hai is above rcSaicu concerning the Ikji!
Mr. Btii, who r
m, wtiieh he made? wi;h rhe Kultun cararan ^tij*.
Now I Qccive that the h^re, »luch by i'.i L*torc
to be forr.ar;i (hottftd sufotaOLtc in Tartary for any otacr rea:
• « 0r&*'wH$* t**C9r, ttJ. 8. p. if
%\^\
J14 .OftU<hij***JPnpip$-l&giap- Vo!!-
trpt furtenance and leff^efhace* witch. as ? Ihjil fttew aft'-:
arc !hc :<* : cade rora firK herd t«];ed)ci.
tie political Hie. Whttferr <hr hares have any thivj> of -
Wocii:rd Hate, Mr. Hell h*» not ?o!c or; Vnt I
rikely ilicy hate ; other wife 1 do not think chit i -
crime togrrhcr. For even tbofe ubnils, *oeh as the th«_
are noe pol if they are fed aad pTMf*ted >•;
when they live in a kind of oatuial Hate by theralV ■
and according!) -ncy .ire obferved to fet Aatcho in the aig:.-
againil :fceir enemy ite fox, who gi»c notice of hiaapp-
when he attack* thrtiu they ilr.iw up in a body, and ckt
ftfveJ. And, in genera!, ai Nature appears to me to have
fome farther intention than pleat's re merely, and th* £rati6caooa af
Eitf and inclination, 1 think it ii prob- ta aot
ma! chat defue for fbcierr, without ; i:e adiaj;
Ihould be ui'clul for fame political purpofe, either li* fjiter:1
cVfrar - f dooht whrrhrr grrffnesr *ni ftktttai ^^^^|
dirtci . i their naturci, or only in the ■•** or
tome br the neccflitica of :hcir nature arc more political,
hfc' '
Our Author obfetvea firiher on this head, t; h we
J fuppofc that men hcidtd together before tl
i tl\ ()'• yet it is tinpoflfibte to belic.e, that \ ,
cnJy herded together, they ever could invent a Uir.;uag« ;
could oil b< etc fiui*. u: thai lliilt iotcicoutfc uhicU ilw pot
litacal life produces.
He cccics now to enquire how the polrfjcal Irk began*
but before hr enters upon thit enquiry, he think* it proper to
fepport the account he has gircn of tr
nature, both with ref pc& to ri^-anii^ly and /«i*ry, by fa<:i as wen
as bl argun*nu i a* \> ii very dirt'erer >l
DiOfily received, and will no doubt, he tJ,
dible to thole who luvc been uur*ht, that ma-
rational* a* well as a fecial , and lu
large volumes en (he Jubjc& of the iatu of Un'f, louuded jb'1
upon the fnppofitian that civil focicty, <jt tiic political lilt, *
trw t»r*i*af and n&xutai ftate of man.
1 I endeavours to mew, from the hifrory both of th : ?v
an I ii la.'ern world, that there have been found win
no; indeed aJto>eth;r w- hottf jru or civility
pg£bk, fuicc, according to
get hi i r the purpofe of earn
bu: with fo little ofciihcr, that wc can t< at DO uj - c
a prior flate> in whicrt chetc were noiK r
* 1 will begin, fays h*-, w.ih iniiancea Urwiihcd me b? «c laacUaK
r, niauly Dkni ->. v»ho mi a I
ilHoii&Ji. tiid whefc *.!:*, ihc grca:c1l part cf »!
k)d, *«a* '-he frait of tr< '*bo»r of thirty yei .
•oJicclang a.iicnals, and trsvcllia^ into Uic durerct; pari*
6
Of H* Origin and Fsrgnfi tfLatgugt. Vol. I. 3x5
i be r.ad txcafmn to menu »n in kh biilory •- I am tbe
1 .;ii»ed to Jay weight Btpoo the flail) recorJeC 1 it hw
1 an plain andltopJc , (o that he a^pf «: ro n> ;j«nc
- ie pfcparifip and digctliiig the mmtv of hit • ;ioa
.11, ancien • ftn--;!rrn. hue (pent in adnenjag
'ginning of hi» fcillory he t raca at
J cVa-tjicd, and iubfiJicd upon Che natural production* ai ;oe
tcbey f fpeeth, ted ut:c:cJ Dijjf iuartiivU;c
u having bciiieil (Q£Cih:r, fur few, as he fayi, of the
WP4 beat*, rjiry invented a langoage, and irnpofed names upon
1. of the original a\atc of man he no <!:iub;
JE^cd iroca the ltuiiy of many ancient booki of hiilory that arc now
kit. But bei'idci thi:, he relates particular fatb concerning certain
lavage naiion* wiiith lived, either in Africa, or UfOCI the oppuii;c
jjpbtof the fodian ocean, or ih.i pit if of it which 11 now called the
ftfd $t*. Ol thcf« he had an opportunity of being very w«U jo-
BfP"*' by ike ewiouty of one ol' the Ptolemies Kirn; of £g)-ptv
vfa *> 1 rnc ntioncd before, feut men whom be could trail, on ourpofc
Bhc m funned concerning fuch nitiuns : ind bei'idci, the paiik-n he
■ad for hunting elephant*, r^adt* him difcoirer more nf Africa than 1
been ditcovered in modern times. .
.^ce 1 IhoJl mention from Diodoras i« of a oi:
1 * bt. Ik oiled fo, oi . ^';. ■>•*■/ -, m /..' t*trrjf \\t\
r ;he i! 1. lit whkh joins rhe Indian Ocean 10 the Red Setoff
Ullfclan Golf, npon the Altatie fide. They went naked, and lived
•exjieff by tithing, which they prtStrfrd without **y tn, other than
tbat of making dike* or mound* of itonc? eo prevent the rilh *hkh
hadcoce-c with the full titic into the hollows aod gullka upon that
49WL from going oar ap.ain with the eb(>ing tide, and then catching
t.-KJD to cho£ ponds at in a IMC I- In thjt way they employed them*
(fit* /or lour days, and the tilth Jay they all kt out Jor the apJand
*»hcre there were certain fprini ■ \ water, of vthidi
iber drank, after having filled their bellies with iilh. cy,
fays ocr author, they performed jud like a herd of cante, making a
Ereat mv.fe, and uttering loud crie*. bur all inarticulate; arnti after
ftvtag tiled their be!1rei with #at«r, -^ that they coufd nardjy v. |
Ihey-waomod to thesr babitaconi upon the ocaw, and there paifed a
»«UiW day iccapolle to do any thing, lying upon the ^lOtsnd, and
hardly able to breathe through fUktW ; aftt-r whicli the; returned to
their oaly occupation, ol filhir.g in the manner *l>ovc diicribed : and
tbia nat the round of their life. The women and chi.Jrcri were com-
■ . belonging to the herd. They bad no fenfe ol wfaei ii juil,
honci, or deccut. Jiving entirely under the guidance ot iefliocl and
They had no ana. nnlefc *e give that name to their way
CUAtaia. anedrlt ana m W ftMaf tr*aiW I' ' til of Hem iU\.
U+4, u 4-*rjb*l Vj U»->ptf - «, laii )i.rVi" appiiri io ow so be
. ,.i .... mod 'I. tra«ellen>| «i *= find
nil account of tht CoBoiM c' bcxbiroui jiattana, -iih in aarlent
ftMbcUavaoo 1 am yo/ueW be orto read, atr ^«b»f' t«i twd of, in eta
*jrdl> H»ba«laUtr«tbW taa '»fu*
p6 Of tht Origin and Pragnfi rf Lmrguage. V"A L
of fithtng abdve mentioned, and * -certain method which they haddaf
curing and p*eferv*bg their Attn very pamcalari* dafcribcA be* iaiat-
dortn. 'Theyufed mwmogi except tUiaca, audtaeJe^ff fcsaatief
goata, with which they kilted the flronger fain. 1'fcey *aal antsaftaef
Ire, but rosftcd their 6fti upon the rocks by tht brat ofutjntiiea*
Heitfeer do they appear to me to have had the faculty of fpecoha £ar
though our author doee not exprefsly fay fo, yet I think it U^*»
jneaemg, from the account he give* of their jouiaey to. the fpriegai
and it is clear that they had nothing like religion or govern m*aa?&<
* The next nation he mentions is that of the UjenfibU* +t mk*
calla them, of whom I have already fpoken. Of these he iky a. «*>
preftly, that they had not the ufe of fpeech, bat made fa£o*,.±t«e
cur dumb people* with their heads and hands. They lived, be faya,
Crcmifcuoafly with other animals, and particularly with feals, which*
etfays, catch the fi(h in the lame manner that tsWe men did, wee
were alio oi the race of £uY eaters ; and he adds, that they Jjved
With thefe other animals, and with one another, aita great
good faith, and in great peace and concord. The moli mtXMtrii*
nary particular be tells concerning them ir, that they aevOr uW
abater, nor any kind of liquid, not having ft> much as an idea &i that
fort of nouriifcment J, though even this I think is left tncrgJibif
than what more than one modern traveller has told as of peopJeia
the South Sea, that when they had occafien to be long at wB§, Aaj*
wKed*the want of liqoids by drinking fea- water. - ;^i
4 The next nation mentioned by Diodorus that I fl-.aU take notice
t>f, is one upon the African £de, in that part of Ethiopia n»h*w»k
above Sg7Pta They were of a quite different race, being what he Wis
4%*tpaynt, or tnuid tattrs ; for they fobfified entirdy upon the i¥raat)i»
eating either the fruits of the trees, or, when they -could nutgrt t#*k,
chewing the tender moots, and young branches, as we fcecHW.eaatii
do in this country. This way of living made then very ^^nlnrif*
Climbing trees j and they leapt, fays our author, with ataaajjg
agility from one branch or one tree to another, «&ng botfc.£et
and hands; or.d when they happened to tall, their rtmtim wenijS%
Xthat they received no hurt. They too went naked, a-td- f a
but flicks, like the Ouran Ou tangs, who are iliti to be teoed
am the fame continent, and their wires and children were in-eeej-
aaoa. P/W. a. Ill, :;;.vv
* Dfodorns conclades his account of tbtne fav»ge ft frjnnn natjana
•Vy telling us, that in the fouthern part of that great peninfula there
are races of men who, in the human form, lute. a. life altogether
^iwul. 7*. lit, „ v i
4 Thna far Diodoroa Sicahu i from whole account It is ei<j4fta*i
that there were in Africa, and the oppaaec continent***", A fie,. Jmbit
time, herds of people that lived without any civil Jbaetyy even' ate
domeftic iociety of roan and wife, which is the fiift fiep wwaidj
forming a Irate or political fociety. • ■• »*i
* With Diodorus, in this eccooatof th« iav ageneis -and *vb**jry
of the people of Africa, agrees Herodotus ; a man of the •gpeaenl
new**— i * " • ' — r ■ ■— . -■ ■■■*■■• — '--- --- ■ ■ *■ ■«■
■ *«flW.**.-(/. 1*6. s*fUnS f « eas^W' . ,
Of Jfc OrJem *m£Pr*£T4fs *f Le*it*it. Ygl. I. &J
kmmabix ud irfictwe that pcrhapv erer lived, and wfcofc aa;l
auey be depended upon, when be relates * tbioj fia-ply as jq
rical iVi, and aMna neiruy. He ipeaks oi bcrd> of p*"Opit
<1ih penioiaU chit coupled togetarr pt-xnifcnoaJy (w»*
uuk. . aad of ir*r. ^c women abtoiutciy uilJ.
f. iji ; and par tstaUiiv oi lit Troglodytes be **>s, ti.it ;
upoo fcsfxi** and oifeer eq rr kiinlcd like wild h
liir^ju-nues. aoii by teas' c-f language made s. i.in.1 of ■
iaartrcrlaer foo©*1 whxri nrc»- e cry of a bae, >
And m MAoe ••iikeii-it*; it u ti>e lasricsiid of language Ifat
b LowiuoiftC reports to have bee* fpoaxo by a ru*.ic«i u.tu #.e raet
with vpoa the tanks of the rim Amazons : rot it vas a wi I
ruurauuiaa: Laud 0.' auiac, hi he bas ifcicribtd it. and which tppeatat!
U» bin to be fbraaed in drawing in rac breath ; p;c^b!> he :
Mia Jew aasd obatete found, doc udder that *iich a cuo maktti
who se very hoa/fc by rcatoa of a col-i *.
* Ano modern authorities, I will begirt ivuh that of Leo A
I Africa* Moor of the £xtreiub century, wfco coining tuAocar,
there abate toe Maboasccm faith, ail was baptised by ibe
«l the FecttJf who then xilkd tbe papal chair, Leo X. tit h*
veiled rnccb is tie icicttor part* o! Africa *itb iamvai.
chauata, and appears to j&c to have kuoAti snore cf that tc u
*han aay jxedeen. Us wrac a defcripuoti uf it in Arabic, * Lick. is
tranuated into Latin, a<d puhisfucd in nine tool. . ■ :r:j a
/ accurate account, both vt tbe caca and antinrtei*, *ad natu.ul
-isdicict of the country : and be *g no with Diode/tit as to !.'
»*/eti«f» of foaoc oi the people of Alucu ; and pellicular!? it U;i,
rb at in the sn«r>rd parti of the country, fouihward from /iUrbity,
tneraar* propaethi.1 Ji.c 1 life entirely bmr UBCfiC
ew cobcy. and oaf ulaciag promslouoaflT with their fenultt, alter the
cnaaocr of tax bru:cs 1 • And he mratwr.3 another ruuan to •'.
be jrivri a aoxac, calJinj; llitfli B^rmi***, who lived uaifa ditUnt
ajfcn* ib< aV«aiain of tbe lira Niger. TheTc people, fays he, are
ifcitbout avlr^iOD of as/ kixtd, «od ftitvc their women aud ciild irn in
coaaaaoar-
* 1 he ajcxt modern author I fhall mention is JikewJfc a vc
frzt arad atntrMr miittt. It is UaruLilIj dc U Vcua. wko
written in Spaeiili the H:tfo*y of the /war of Peru, *>( ..h-jfe i*cc >»e
hiraftlr ■-»• '. According 10 his aecouat of tiat countr/, u-hrn the
nr;l
_ ■ ■ -t
a • There ii a r*e« oi n« ••! i» *• fouaii U ***« ptrt of M.Kri iF.thi«*> tk.t
/J^a-ryWj. «ww 1i*i"k* taftaialai MilJ mh utM «f «>.• »FyTwa<w, m m>
W*+44 »y W taw am i ) tnu ••km ■ Kiffmc kiui ca* naif*, »ery ni
»aVtaafetvw«*tfi-; ' fb^fc Hc.-^iCW *»tki w Ok J«n».*tc./ ii»c
-rm, «*W fr^S 1 *#Koh •«^m4Ui the loend n-j*« fcrr • Wir. Of ih«£rp«#fU
naWWf •• I *•* IrlfftfWaJ k-f emrr* a« Itli**-^ i»d .a «««■■!
tnn r«-) tnnlk'i «h»b«i W«n I* rl»M M«aciy ac4i*»r»oi umct | «r-i '
U«a.U,-xvJlrrtn! other ptr*U«lut amocraiaf ilN^r «rn. a« tuw .^«^ A'a-
aw*-, ««<. i a, if.'
t • J ' Stf. *. «$••
| • Uc *>m Ur», m »< im'"t\i» in, ''|hr jr»n «fi<r t,.' Sp«r«0! eonautt c# Prm
»u «o>v!;'ci. Uis rbMbcr mm iht m»4 ^fft^*^ tf i saUUkr i»«e, «4 th< i-.J
Y a tan
1
3*8 Of tbt Origin and Progrtfs of Language Vol, i.J
firftlnca began hi* r.ona,nefts, or /aib^rjui.ttsaiagi*a<) „.
W'mkn (ft* Tift was> conqueror of that Jciod, &c^ « ttoj£|
Wpfcrt tfceir Oflrirto^haye bflflp) it Was iotubit^ febitfci
Jtant, by siren living. In a ftate' altogether hruti<n» *itb^i»;L-
jfcrnt, civility, or arts of any kind i and fach of (hfia^wrrD^*^
degree civilized, had a tradition preferred among *H**> Ithat.lttp
had been taught, as the fubiefts o* the Incas were, by t$ie*^w*0.i£*»e
from diiUnt countries, and imported among them Un:*m ef^Wib
And, tBOre particularly, he relates, that in tome part* of t>x*,-t*hk4
w?rc afterwards civilised by (he Incas, rhe people a/ere under ooscitfl
of government, living together in herds or tiocki, like fo jnaay tsUdO
or fheep, and like them copulating piomifcooufly •. la anfcprpartt
of (he country, they did not fo much as live in herds, bat^wecttti
caves, and holes of rocks and mountains, in Anal] numbers of' tss*
or three together, feeding upon herbs, grafs, roots, snd wiklirattfj
and copulating promifcuoufly f. And in later times, aadar.'ftht
fourth or fifth Tnca, he mentions a people in the great province of
Chiributnm, who lived altogether like beafts, wandering in tbtMuns>m
tains and wood*, without religion or worfhip of any hind, s^d-witSH
oat any community' or political government, oalefs when tWevmfibn
ciated 10 in fell their neighbours, and make ufe of them for .ioodj
for the end of their wars was to eat their enemies. Theft* ^gapta
were fo brutifb, and the country of fo difficult acccis, that tMilaaa;
gave over thoughts i of conquering or civilizing them; aUrflthaftaas
niards afterwards attempted it, bat without foccefs, Ub* 7.. r»47»b&t
mentions alio another people of the fame province that livadssaatt
the Cape of Pi'JJau, who never having been conquered* oiSfaafcajJ
civilized, by the Incas, lived, even at the time the author «no*a»istj
a flate of the atmoft favagenefs and barbarity, having no #olipasfa
at all, and worlhipping aoihing cither above or beioav taca>t. Jjjjj
biting caves, and hollows of trees, without commoaicatioss, &eaaw
ihip, or commerce, and hardly having 1. pguage foftcicnt to uata£)
stand one another f. One of the Incas, he fays, coating with an
army to fubdne them, but defpairing of being able to wclaim thcaT
from their brutifh life, faid to his people, " Come, let as attataj!
again ; for thefe deferve not the honour of our dominion,'* :VftH&
which the whole army faced about, and returned home ||. A»d ihijfti
' ■ ' '■' ' '•* ^-^- — \ — iV| s l{ la^aabi
that preceded biso who vu dathioocd and put to death by thf Spaniard,, ...Jft waa
brought up ■p»od(: hit jtlii.cn! of the Inca rice, till he wu twenty yt-ra at tfJL|.
and from hu mother and her brothers, ai he Mli at, he received information oft&e,
faels which' he relate* in hi* hiflorj. He alfo employed his feheol-fettttwt tBefW^
■Mint, aficr be had formed the defign of writing it, to tat him Jiiliiiniaaiuiilfl|ait'»sT*
■sttaofthcceaniry. Hit hiftory thenfore, 1 think, may be credited m ntaca^aas)!
that is only from traditions which, however, thi* hi (lory waa not aJir^ilwj fat
they had * .kind of irc.rd by thrtadi and knott: And indeed the hQt he reia».aai
hn manner of relating, them, bear intrioGc marki af truth at leafl that flo'Mft&Jl
or fiaioo wu intended And with re J peel to the* principal 1*6*, we an*t-b*lWHf V1
tradition that went no farther bark than four hundred ycana; anew t which OSlHSjtf^
firfl /«Mf M«ac« Ca/ac, bet an hie rcif o ; elpeciaUy when it was JTajeijiod ii»;4fcfctsjO
fnily of thatpiince, and we may believe carefully prefetved, and the mote caTc/uUv
that they bad no written recorda.* ■ * — — ' **"
'■•'fei.fjtfi' f < wj, c* j,* j • Kfc i. c.4>ar «.v
| « Ms.f.1.' • ., , . .
PfT
T)fthtCt;&&iPrttfHi)fL**tiiiZK Vol.1. jif
__ tVttul fair of fcartoiriiy, or i-re* littfc fctitcr, it it*
> iMttor wrotr -, fctr he fiy%, he himfVlf &w *o^, of Chain 1 .
•;tH# us, that on* of the incii foiind men chi: preyed on
r like wild bcaii, attarfevDj their fellow creature* for oo
mihci porpole than to eat them. Tliefc the Incat Jiuiitcd On tax nora-
t£i«t. xail in the wncxfi, lite fo many beai
1 .^uf the cornurication and lowrooorfe that hai k*ca kocwirt
iVefcveul pmta •>* rhe old world oa th'n tide or'thc rlobe, and lilc*-
■rife betwut the old end the rev/ world dif<ovc»eu by Columlrai,
ng-ifcefc lad three initdred years, has made fo great a change
ofta* aur.rrt and way of Imp;- eif men in trofr cowotrin, that it
■1 not tkeffe ac are now to look tor people living in (be ;vaturaJ JUtt,
hot jd aaothcr part of the world, ai yet veey impcrfe&Jy difcorercd,
awd «ka whicfc we have had hitheico very little mtcrcaurfc, X bku,
theeduavrv) in the Soutli Sea, ami fuch pirn ul ;' t. Ocean
a* h*w »W bce-n ft by European ihipj. What 1 flail h<
fee do*t> i ' i people foond in thofe countries ia taken from
a Freftch eoflcttion of voyage* to the South Sea, printed at /"tfrsYin
* 7*<j* in rwo volume* a,to. The author *a name, sis 1 am
U £ja£rgr>.
Ame/ica* Verpueicj, who made the difcovery of the continead
tf AauiKi for i«e King or* Spain, aed gave hi» name I
at/wardj ecnoic^cd ty ; of Foitu^al, in whole ferine k«
sadr a v> . ocean which catccid ft»
•Ifrd. : unci in this voyage tie d£ft
CD*tv<4 a great traU ofcOBnta i lie calji a continent, vrkar*
l»fflbct:d a people who, though living together In herd i<r
SKtur.ifJ, relijjinn. rar^m, nor any property ; and OT«r> o<* of
a had ni anary wiiea ai lie pVafrd, /lmcricus w,\* pmoup thrm
io*4% and twenty ^ayir ahlcfi wm long enough to have ofa/et«e4
>vk«rhe •fcrmicf their manner oi living. /"»/. r. /. <yti. c/aW-.'aJ^
ack ;*/ tfimtt, a Daith traveller, aiCrai, tlai iLc people W
T>tm <!cl Foeco Hrr en: reh ea# without religion, or y*a-
F**. • ;;ard to <!» ;^_ And tiic
farr-i English traveller, >■ "byrr.hf
veil, a* r- M- Ther arc trcfidci c uot the 'cai
irfr- li in their dealings, roL i. p.-44(>
. caree to an ifl.inJ in
the; could nn: fit. a out that the* penp4i- Jiid atsy
kU^ i .-rnent v hoe loow way or other they had got a rcltgioo,
;kJ« thsv w:.e *<rr Malogo, and tru;i<-i iw it to: dtir dci<:nce,
m jaiacr ot am: I ic Lur. pt
i i ecu foiled without rUn:'
:ven thr ar: ol defending themfe^n, or at-
(oe but few of them have h iiat
ria*« mo uae«r' tee bow and arrow. Moll of then, like the Ou/aD
iuc fticki and Konei ; and the lall lnentictneal
■ 1 — -
."■ « *- 1.* I
» • Is* L t. 5. J« altar. 6«f 7, of the i*i* btiii, «liut iliac «« othrra^
eaqefpth'fiiaetui.
Vto^tt,
people » who kad So xaac.S religion, ufed no arm* at all. ttr, Ftttcav
b/iic ciTcovcicc certain iflat<Ji «n the S«>o:h Sea. to the Nana «
the L*oe, where U iogr.c i»habi<MiU <vh» k*6 tbc caib of i*nr i*.
km aU-vi 4i> iacb long. MJkich lie <hu3uIIcmJ (cited litem ibr yiff
fiie anas *■*!• I. p. Ip7« ilod Lc Mere met With a pent
G-il^J, who ufed their tmr» a? an nflcn'vr vrapoo, *»4JHMP
4oc,*, vc). a. p. ■ . AsiOop, tech ft people, ir cru/r/^p
aey govinvtnvar or ciriJ tocietr, it ruatt have b«cm very imperfeel,
■Aaoflaxc mftiiatioo.'
H«*itt£ fi»cw» vcrycloaHy, »• he ipprcfccocN, tbar eivrl to-
tiety, which aJon« could produce a Uitguao.«, i> n .t from N«-
fuce, or coeval with the animal, bur mufr hare had » bfr^rv-
•int, oar Author f roc«edt to examine- how it begat; ; it b<
rtidem, that there nrnil have been fume caolc of a charge To
fcrot a» from a foiitAty> or at Iea.it an ar f+ftficaJt I
IkWand y«/rVr<W »niro*l. Now ihe fame eaufe, we arc to/4,
tnu ftsft produced ir!«r i iade »cn rational c
aukc there facial of time pto-
<3oc*.l ail the aiu of life; and this eaufe u no oehrr ih*n tte
Murjfttitiol human *tfc. The ntattfuiu he mean* are, cithet (be
went of liiblirtciice, w of defence *<. riot force and v»o-
Irncc, without one or other of which caufci, there never. Ik
arJW in, would tiivc Ltcn foticty, language, or am, aaong
men.
He now proceed* to anfwer the ful lowing <
that inflin<3 wa* fufficicnt to provide men with n I
i*r* of life* and U> defend thcin agaiu.l th .
re could be no fociety without languJgc ; — aod tliat the law
ejf N.U'- U treated of by modern writers, fupovfca ncfl
.vc been originally rational aad pclitiral.
It* aniwerto the fecond of thefc objections, he cndcivcojo
te> OieV, horh from theory and fa&, that animal* may aflortxtr
together, Icrn a community, and canyon jd conceit oncCotn-
jgSo buiuiefj, without the ufe of fpercij. For this purnofc no*
. he obfervci, than that * there ftiogld be
arr«;ii£ < *l* fornc method of communication. If ihcrc-
la of communication, bcfidea th.
articulate founds, there is nothing to hinder a focicty to be con-
du4 without tr-e i;fc of fpcech. Now that there are other
|(mmU of communication, 11 a feet that cannot be ooub*ed ;
fcr there air irariictihtc criea, by whirh we ice the'brutrt
cr.mTtin.riie to one anotlser their fenjimcotj and pofiroru;
itirre ai- c crifi ; and, UlKy, there »i the exprelBott U
looks, that ir, the aaiort ©f the face, and the ptfturn of tfc
,' In or.e cr other, or all of thefc wa
told, thit animal* may underirinJ one ar- : Icail
to ad in iviucxt, ai-d carry on Jbtnc co:i. line^i
Qfdi Drip* e»l Pr*gr<f*ifL*t*att* Vol.1. gp
aatcoaWiag 10 Aitiloilc, U the dclaoiuoa of a potipcal
Ttw ennanple* be produces of nnim«l! aftinf in enncrrt, *ftd
>nifth**itfoi>, without theuff cf fpwdi, *-e rh; beater*
MN nciitn.rd ljrCat.;i;ul
rgfiutp arid which th- Cardinal (. .
<:whc/c in the Vkrtiwt upon tl;e boa** of a
and the Sfa.ta:t o: which w*
h*v« a* acoouor, that otu Author think. ra»y be d«pea*kd upon,
(torn tie Ro|Ean acadrmiru'is in th* dc uri;ickici they have pu*»-
...;\ifaitat which ihey vrent Co vtlit by order* and at
: C'/jrinfl. The account given of lb* Stm-cM*
»nd the. Our an UuLasi*;*, it ft* follows !
u animal fUw Ix-i^at) i> amphibious* and, fofar ar appears,
i fiatcs u: rcjiutJU* like il.c !*.-** er, but lives in iatai-
i c. very numemu?, amounting to a hundred
">% for tnc mala keeps a i :nc-
!ca, of i»bom lie Ij *> jeaiooi u the Grand Senior
l.eep np aver; flritt iamily-diluuliuc. poniii
tkrrrwrvrt frvtnriy for ne^Ice'ting any point of rimy, fuch j.
«m«ftlf otopfSnjr, for whieh ihty ftrtr ^rrat lore nnd tendernrf* ;
sad lie eoatleqacme or thn ffilciphn* if, o» the part ol the *vives,
tkxt great darbnaiuaon to saeir kora uJ avajree. fttnaa ta*y eodi
lfj c (.treaded him, by ever/ mark of humiliatm
« receives with the utmoit ila^Ijnetf aocj
i> paffior* and irQUocnuof wait,
>i, proud, --Jul; and who*
:;ifc;ei] an) <! cannot rcfen; it, taey, like Avhillca
ed rears. They are ai brave as any Sp : -vftl
rtllef J f* fp«; than yirW, or rjnrt rhrlr ground : flnd their
miliUiy d\i<?t inc in ihii pome it fo l'e»«.-c, thii ;t :;rry" eif tntm runs
away, cr evea I* iutpectea1 of donij fo, t>e retf fill Laos hiaa as
fM rMJy a» taey w**u(U upon ao enemy, and darirxav Itttu. V« lata
AAJgnal 112s no wiV i>1 fptcciu oor, to Har a« I kiiuw, organs pr^pre
&r it: but i: a^ j>* he can praftifc tlic jik»;I dif-
ti, that ci' tovernroenr, and of government over
feaaalu, in atbicb t- ft men hnvr ru.ri; and even (he legiOit
Spjr;*, wao. aa Ariitotic ulli us, fvanlc-; to rcgviatc&c lives of ibe
:hoi"c or" the men, but foiuia i nit a
irt>t\c that ie wai obliged to give it over.
' Cut I Oii-tk it -iry to jive more examples of th.,
fi^tt th. -tioa, ttavee ic apj'can to me that our ota faciei
furnlAsea foJHcicnt for my puruofc. And, ;iut. there are the Ouran
Q«UBC*. who, as I hire i;«d, xr«r provrcl to be of our Ipecre* by
faarka oi auaanrty that I think are iivrontcftable ; and they hive owe
property naarc es the Ipectci than the quadruped f***g«j above- men-
tic. found in different pm^of Europe, that they
t. They 1'nc in fociety, buiM huu, joiatd in compaaiea
atrack eWybiam, and no doubl carry on other joint aockrtakingi
m
- fu'imancc and prcicrvatio*! taffeta* nos yet auaUttUIlt
■l>e«en.
• Bat tXouJd any oteA "Her . ! ituht of
maailty of rV Ourar Oa:. id Co Ac
• pcrfons ajnotg u, wkut no body will deny co be cj
living -ccgethcr in foeiery, and carrying on jointly a»y fort of bWN
lo both artes anJ *tt&en wiia trtat dt^cft, not rirff
eapablc of acting in concert with ctheu. hut of eoicaourg *ii
recline.1
Our Author now n his i^ird book, to ifcew wh«x
language - l0 lrc3C vf lJ>c "i:«r< ol *>>c irit
&c. In ilii* book, die Reader will find many ingeoioua obfco
concerning barbaro'ai Ian^«a;<<j — their progrcU towards iro-
prorcruent, — (bc&ntjoa uf language* and the f. I.
propagation,— the change* Co which it ii liable, cfpccjx
iU p*fri£c from one people to another,—- together
vtry pertinent remarks upon etymology, and the dc.-u. i
[«h£iiagp from another. Such of Oi-r RcAsicra, howcn
as *rc defirous of feeing what the Writer has advanced
thefc Curjbui fubjecU, we mutt refer to the wort itfelx*, m
though it contain* fonacfuxifuJ and rcprchrnliblc thing*,
ii?y that (he Author ha: rcjd and thought much «p>
fubjeel ; and there aie few Rcaden, wc may venture to
very few, who wiJl not find in it lomc thing* new. And miri;
thmci both entertaining and inflroclirc, which will, in ajji
ir-eafure, atone for the porr.pout and uncectrTaxy cifplay of
fjphyfkal knowledge, the bijtotted attachment to the Grc:k \
loiiphy, the account which ix given of the Ouran Ojtajjgn,
fomc other matters of Icfs importance, that v. ill readily occur,
to every iudtcioui Reader a* bictniflwa in a work, which,
the whole, hat a very conliderabic Ourc of merit.
AlT. II. Expfrin/xt$ 0mJ Oh/srwiw. lie By Thorrtai
Apothecary. Svo. 31. 0 d. Icwtd, J ok o Sen. 1773.
THIS fmall volume contains many philosophical an
mical experiment!, conducted with ingenuity and accu-
racy, ana* judicioufly applied to the improvement of pharmacy,
ano other hrancnes of the healing art.
In the fir (I chapter the Author relates the p:
Hag Ma^ftfjia atki9 in the grearcft fljte of purity. Thi
count has been already communicated to the publk, in ifcr fc-
cood volume of the Attdi*ut Tr jtjaflimtt «nJ it bcic rrjirinttu
ai a proper introduction to fomc of the fiicened
fhoa ottrftft from it may be ken in our a;th rokmc, O&oaxr
>7?3» p»g«*6u
In the next chapter Mr. Henry adds forae miftdlaxree*:
firnwtiont rehtire to the fame fubjeer, he expofta^P
iCBOTMO]
Henry'j £*prtmtm <ttJ Oifine:- 335
ffijifiricr. or thr intrrrfUel view*, of 2 rert*;n vender of mag-
mJu, who prcicndi that the preparation loJd by him ia made
famim hit obtained from the Epfam w::ter ; and on
that account-, ia the vuul olU*t&tkMie cant of emparicilm, hoxJU
he has nude «n improvement in the preparation of th*6
medicine, & wb ch is by the Lwrtod efle«med one of the greater^
acquifilians «o the. Mdte?la Me<Jica."—]rMr. DaleTnrram r/n/.y
procure* nil magnefia in thfi tedious and expenfivc manner*,
HrfteaiJ of preeipitsting ir at once from the commo;i, 01 *;tifi-
cMEpfom frit, he tatret much pains to very httle ptirpofc, at
the rnciett tyre* in chemiftry can inform him that the T*f*Ji of
a falt-pan contain* a* gentmie rnigricfiii, a* the water* of Ep-
forti, or iny other ftt!l more dignified fpring.
In the third chapter the Author giTea a curftSrv detail of -
medicinal properties of nn^nefia in itl ot n
the 4th and 5th, treat 6 of theehanw r3t
■-nt*, arvd of its rr-edicinal quality; r.ftcr it ha* under-
A* the nutter ia of a CUTIOUI and iutrrclt-
We fhall give .in hiftorical view of the fubject, to
(hall add the fubirance ot th-A-.ish
f^rva<fom oft the 1 . ! this ufeful Edition to the Materia
Mtfttttt
r. BUck had foe merit*, in ihe profrcotlon of hit ingr-rtlmrt
■MrpbReMbrkhica rrquii ttie eticmieal propei thil
»fK=t( calcined it, and fitft difcoverrd that fixed «iir » ■■
about (Vrrii-ctveHtbs ot m weight, which wis expelled
1* by the fwe in thr routfe *A trie operation. He opftrrej
tfcafV^n cemfequence of thi* lofi, i: •*/«, lite'«jiiicavlitrtt, dc-
ptffed of the power of cflervcfcinj with aeid*; but di3".-re4
from it in this rfrVnria! cjiialirr, that ir did vnty lite the eatca-
ictMUntis, when calcined, boCOmc cabftic or acrid, or tc>m-
wuaoatc any (cnUt>!c int-m egt iMton to water \. Thl* in^moitf
phytic ia rr,
—_^— -
" ldr. lUi-iy cakoiacca, tmm forBcicut Jtta, that in or Jet w pr$-
a poucd D*f pry
.!» be t-iij.oraieadou'n to five or fix pirns, prcm'oui »*> iLe
tmhkwtnt tjrftoos pnxeJiei of edulcorating and drying the po.vtWr
• 1 it.
Phy&al *t>d Utr.-ar) KlTtys. Vol. ii. J
T Mr. Henry iiig;aio*iir acknowledges thai Lc w*j led 10 AnQr a
itrlil Mini UraH tilinn from fc>me ot'hU rull cxper>mmts made vttti e*N
t«cd mxgora 1, wh«a hi I impregnate waier very fmitsiy",
"■JaWfc Ifq in 1 irotn it a liiheniriptic po«.er appsrratly £***#*■ tli*n
that of the 4ron*^eSl lime water: bet o» lr%<i«btjy n.pcuu>£ iht-
tTctait paruU U ii.^ftcU*, Jie »t l«a^th difro-
, a£«d foand that the ioiprrguaricin «aa o%iog to ietc*
Henry V £*ptrSm*v> mdOlfouMimi
phyucian> iowcvca, 4oc* Dobapptar ao hove availed hkofttfi
tacta ditcoteries, by malujig a Dial Of IM laMgnei:
changed, aa A medicine.
Ob)»&»n* have bevn made to the ufe of ■►»£»< [U, by K*4
aun and other*, that ic frequently produced flatulencies rf»P"
rngt, and other uncafy fcnfations, particularly in weak blUMl
it ia uour obvious that tbcfe fymptoeas rrwiH h«v<
dacrd by tbe great quantity ut fixed air contained in
dafcharged from at in cenfequenceof tu meeting and effete eicrex
wittt xn acid in the iloeiach or intcftinci. The Author V friend.
Dr. Peaxirat, accordingly facetted to him the idea of depriving
it of its air, with a view of obviating tbcfc traublefonae ftvap-
totm oceaftonally attending the ufc cf it. J he naagnefia into
treated wm found to be equally purgative, when given in
in former do fe, and is undoubtedly deprived, by c-vt protege,
or iccablc qualities above-mentioned : it acquires like*
wife new properties which render it licely to anlWcr luene
other important practical purpoka, We Hull briefly fpe.
few of them.
By tbe procef* of calcination it if not only rendered incaov
hie of generating air in the ilouiach and howeW, *jua-
lihed to oblorb, or render fixed, that which it hncfe there, a*4
which i> prodiKed, fornciimcs in too great quantise*, in the
procefi of digeftion j and it ii corafcoucntly adapted to rewere
tnofc colicka or other disorders, which arc commonly called ti-
tukot. In tbia refpec* it promises at the Author oblervea, ta
be much more efficaciou* than the whok tribe of catatinaijiea,
from which tt eflentially differs with regard to hi mode of ope-
ration and effects. Itappearr likewifeto be the roofl proper
cathartic for patient* affiled with the ttone, who aie under
a courfc of tbe foap Icy \ m it cannot, like the vegetable pur-
gatives, counteract the lixivium, by throwing air into it , but,
on the contrary, mult abforb a part of that air which is already
calcareous matter* which tbe firrVmcaticncd majnefia had receWei
it the original preparation of it, by hat in*; here waftH with warn
containing felenite. The fame mill ike bad been before aoaaV by tW
very sngenioua aothcr of the /fcafjauauM-/ -*> \ *>*w (actnbeced to 111
Macqucr. and not long fince excellency traatlauaiato nn i hnejaejij
rec Monthly Review, voLalri. Maa<Ji 13174, page iof) who. tie ic-
ing of this fubfiancc. fa/a, that * the raagaeiia b. 1
tbo property of auk* lime.' His miiUkr competed in coauidttU|
jnagnefia ai a calea.-eotii earth; for waicb opir ,lv3
introduced into it in the preparation of it (cfpen jj
by the old procefc of calcining the M*lbtr~u<jBt
a very pUufibie frooadatioTi. Indeed the true nature of this fnMaoor
waa totally aakxova till Ds. black s accurate caaraiaatioo e:
P
Henry'* B*firi*mi$ a *i Olfovoii***.
ha (bM*<M tw*, jodwhkl* would oiheewiie be attra&ad by
tat cauuk akati, and RMo it lets captkcef acting on the
takuiutv
"SWua. the pfecteting note the Reader will collect of what im*
Cuoct It U that the magaefia installed for caicinatioa thould
pttKcUv f;c< from any aJmuctetc cf cilcartous catih | as m
taut procef., this lift-ratntioncil fobftante owft neceilarily be
•Wanrcd o!* ita air, or rsudercd cauftic » and the mafrKua which
Of niw k vf ill acroroiegly impregnate the water m whtch it it
iemied, with the talkc and qualities of lime water. On IBM
the Author rnaltca some ublcivatiout, the iubfrjjice of
wuacfa wt thtnfc. it incimkbcnl on us to communicate to the
ReWer.
At rt would be natural for every perfon that would wiib ee
gave (be calcined magocfia ft fair trial, to obuin v ; . . < ilafit'a
far chat purpofc, on the fuppoiitioa that it muft be fupenor tat
any other* in purity* as it certainty if in peace* Mt. litany* ia
an Appendix to this prrtormatv*, foi, worn a feaile uf durr to
the public, and in juitice to hia own reputation, and to the
credit of the medicine which he rcrumruciida, entered his pto-
teil againi! the trte of that preparation >n particular, at he has
repeatedly found it to contain no ifKuofider able pof lion of caU
ca/cou* earth.
Ia coonxaiation of this afcrlioci, the Author relate* force-
'hich be made with this tnsgncfia, lb highly cx-
cttrj newt- ptpe** for ia fotritr fWrif mi rrunrflt/
atad fur the vhttcnets, and levity, and other /hiwy ouautiet of
w/wirh, rather than fot ha purity* k ippcara* aceuniiii-;
cafcuianoa of the Author's that the public j/iyae rhecnutntoua
rate oi 4S Iluliings the Troy pound, which ia not ooual to ce
OttJKta Avcrdupoia. Mr. Henry procured f we dificttar parnrU
from dirscrcnt pcrtona in town and in the country, na-
VuAcd bj the pcopcxiurx with the fate of it. crery one of uriaja,
00 heuac fubjetted to the ■ p*rt trdiat* of calcination, proved
to he calcareous, or had acquired the properties of qatcaUt inc.
One of them ;ii particular impregnated water wxkj tatte at
fcteot as that of common lime voter j ar d, on ti-jWrCR air
into the water, a* copious a prrcipitait Ml us the A.irher ruar
eedctuad from tliat prepared wth ftone or t**r1er-(h«il iKne.
We can contrail ibefc fin^uJ*; hut UtirUStoiy ytoaft of nVe
eakareoot mipanoeiof thit cnHly pitaaraziAft, with nearly 11
anrrj inBanccs of the purity of diffcrti u of even the
■n magnetu, ufually fold at oat-tUH/fih of we suite. Otic
different parcels bought merely for experiment Utc at
dieTetesrt drops, rotn: of the fpecirnem, oti hem? ca'circJ, ftood
the left wader which thi» boattcd madeira failrd fo e^rcxroufi.tt\
a* tney cttnmunkated no o}nrcw:riirifreynr.cn lovr.r.'
$e|u\fa
33<
Hcnr/i Bxf&inmu 4td (Ajtr\mieku
could be dilcovtre*i either by the tad(e, oc on
^Mo the VMM Hi which they had been dt§ert*d — .<
it to be observed tha* a very rrwnuce portion of fwecJuT*
tanned in the calcined cnagnciia, is lunicieru to guv a
calcareous impregnation to water to which it u digeHv*a |
that id the ungntal prcpaxntiori of th.> lubftancr.
don fhould oc paid to the purity of the water employed n
|X«cfc; for, as a ><ty large quantity is u:ctl in that open
toe leleniic* coei'.ait cd in many waters will, at the Author
ferret, be decompounded in the boiling, and the n
earth be afterwatds depotitcd and mixed W;ih the magmrfta.
la the tour fuccesdios chapter* *rc contained1 rev era I
niou* experiment* :— On the powers of various ab£wh*n(
in prooaotirig or retarding putrefaction :— On mmcot the
aBMDUbcal ptupcit:rs ui cjkitscd noaguc/ia, employed aar a mes-
ftntumi in which the Author (hews that, Kite Quicklime,
pollelfca the pu*cr of promoting tbc loluuco of* rcfin
ftancea in water, without communicating* as the linn: vrtil flt-
ticialy uu, any calctrcou* impregnation Co tlic tinctures ibv.
ohtsuMui ; — On the various (olvcnt powers of quiccJimc, irM
as a nrtrilhuum, in carlcecnt quanMics , — and on the compa-
rative anufrtptic powers of vegetable ioiufion» prepared vnfi
lac c
The experiments in the raft chapter rcta:e to the faretejatftj
pn (cubed co rued air by Dr. Macbrstle, whofc doe3rrte
on this head the Author confirm), in oppoution to the ec-
£ons of Dr. Alexander, deduced from certain cxpcrimer.u maa
by him, chc lubflancc of which wc have tormerly rclattxl
W;. Henry'* trial*, which appear to have been made with at*
curacy, putrid flclh wis cither rendered Icfs put i id, or t
Iweetened, by its expofure to the a£tion of this flui '
rcfulta of Dr. Alexander's experiment*, fo difcro
«f Dr. Macfaride and of the Author, ;he i ' utcs
jemlernan'a having uied too ftr.;ll a quantity ci
to his not having taken fufiicicnt precaution co retard tuft
rapid fii(ht and difftpauon of that fluid, on iu dilcha/f rem
the efTervefting fubftauicca. Wc ihall conclude th
an account of an obfervation, which may poflibl
light! to tbofc who would further invdiigatc the natSR^p
operations of this fmgalar arid active element.
In one of Mr. Henry 'a experiment*, though the , '
contained in a large bonle full of rixeo »rr wtt
found that the air in the bo trie was rendered intc :
lite, and * /oW,' fays the Author, * to kaot aetl
. ■ See Monthly JUvicw for June larl, p. 44;, *c. and the
of Dr. Pcicival*! bouk, ia oat lai Nunbcr,
pmrid
C*j'i JfifitJLmNm m>iu Vol*. 111. and IV. 337
tmrU fmrU ifvjxtb tbtjl'fi' ••at win Ut?r'\vt>J. ,' (o trut the fcfu£
s^fcaftwiai out imc *pft*i 10 hue been drftroyed, bat only to
• uaji*cd pi*t«. On thu occahoo bcaridi, that theic naay
o» io«K * ati.< en lbs hxed air and the fcpt'ic
an mi* he act as a menitruum on the
40Uim* •oaitced by putiiJ bo4it».' Dr. ftrcwal ItkefsttetJafe*
ral ftolution 1 ibu f*d, cbal £xc«J air, :
nujr, may abltract frr-m (he fcr>nc body,
and bold founded or <iilibU'cd, the putrid p*.
S*y not ex ally >ni»-
po^ . icrouat for the cbec* £iren to chc ;»u.ici
-isixxisv ami ibe ilop pat to th< Ircfti generation of tjftuvij an-
tU* tactc cirviienifcjncce, he obierv
jHUiciccot fold: lit kind 0/ air wl I j po-
traU&ioa, tl c fcoart ion and diichargc ot* any more is prevented,
aoJ ibcbody n retained in it* o:< i a* it is now bl %
medium already fiturated, and there h no vehicle to cirry it off.
luflratea tub opinion by the inftaocc of a wet cloth, which
hecosnedry in an atmofphrrc fatrffSttd with moilrure ;
oi a piece of red hoc wood cealmp to burn in inflammable
b re auk: Juch ail ifl «hcady faturatol with phlogifton; and
appohuly by (he phenomena observed on putting a
[(imc of iron filings and iulphur nude into a pafte with wa-
ter) in a con fin; J place, or id all in whuh candlca have burned
imc • t'odci ihcfc circumftanccf, 00 heat, cffctvcforncc, ot
lurnc can be generated ; w hems the time mixture in frelb air
prcicorly grow* hoc, foiokcit copiouily, and unci Is very oitca-
- - — - — — ,.
\\U Tit MtfiflU**** tftrh </ Mr. Job* G*j. Voh. 1JL and IV.
iano. 6», Bell. ty; 5-
WE remember to have ft .vlicrc in the Imv coun-
- 1, a print of a bookfrHcr dlggifig "i tha ion;b or* aa
author, si : « I imfelf »i lie work*, /i | , Thi$
of men of genius. The ir.duttrr o:" th-
reat lo*e and • tor whatever was the
. . 1. .:. ..: his exfi.K-, m-
ia dormitories or their
i J uul u(' ihc purcil and uiuit diim;cr-lied
day-lijht what tiey would have wlfiicd ta b*
lay the sjidvca of fuch bookibllcia
• the r*je
an^i) authors dciccnd upon their head* ! May
■- h irandatoiSy and
.t covc!> in (hcu cars !
Z Nura":<:»
Ru.Nov
r
M3 (frfaMjfi'Uanetus U'crfc VoJ^HLandlV.
Numbers of things that poor {jay deferved- amply of p
to have forgotten,, are revived -in Itlsw* two voiiicw*:
the very rwnjes of which wc Lova bis memory too well to
Yet if the following-poem b* Gay's, and we have no r<
believe th#t-it w-iwt his, ii ought not certainly to be anj
Jeft out of that collection of his works which is now coe
received.
An Elegiac Epiftle to a Friend, written by Mr. Gay wfc
laboured under ft Dejection of Spirit*,
1*
Friend of mv youth, ihedd'A thou the pitying tear \
Off the lid relic; of my happier days.
Of r.aturc tender, a: of ibul uocerc, . ^^H
i'oj: 'ii thou for me the melancholy lays?
JI,
Oh ! truly faid !— the diflant landfcape bright,
Whofe vivid colours gliticr'd on the eye
Is faded how, and funk in (hades of night,
As, ©a feme chilly eve, the cloJing flow'reta die*
III*
Yet had I hop'ri, when firft, in happier times,
I trod the magic paths wheie Fancy led.
The Mufe to :<..( f in more friendly climes,
Where never Mia'rr rcar'd its hated head.
IV.
How vain the thought ! Hope after hope empire- !
Friend after friend, joy after joy ii loft;
My de.-ireft willies, reed the fun'ral fires,
And life is purch&s'd at too dear a coil.
V.
Yet could my heart the fclnfli comfort know.
That not alone I murmur and complain ;
Well might 1 find companions in my woe,
All born to Grief, the family of Pain !
VI.
Full well I know,, in life's uncertain road,
The thorns of mis'ry are profufcly 1owd(
Full well Lkpow, iothis low vile abode,
Beneath the chaJt'ning rod what numbers £roan.
VII.
Born to a happier ilate, how many pine
Beneath the oppretfbr's pow'o or feel the froarr
Of bitter want, cr foreign evils join
To the fad iV;n ricmr. of a broken aeart.
YBIf
How many, fated from their birth to view
Misfortunes growing with their rip'ning ygaj
The fame fad track, through various fcenes, v
Still journeying onward through a lafe ©tic*
%W •' - i- \ ■..-■■
Gtf rMp,*i*M m** -vd*. KiWiv. 339
nfctnit ate' »l»< botf« ;
•WJuicwWiww a\i*'rict m*j>. Ifin d w*y»
V>'fW*«* co.t«:ir uwhippy hoi he pr.m
.. iu..£ fed Mgnu ^» Jife'a mut bafy -day!
■ f"uch theme* Might ; — 1 B»r» rtjoictj
When chjucc Tome huppicr, Unci change 1 fcc,
Thoo^b no fuch charge an-ait «jr luetic
A ad •ountfiim life fc<tH*;cu di/ hopn and rae.
For why fiVooM he *ro rovti the dreary iviiie,
StiU joy oi» cVry ft<U io view the f bom,
Or wfctu upon ihe coudi of iiek-.rvs pi;.*.
Well pieu*d font) * h*pjcft neighbour*! torafc.
XII.
If e'er « gleam ofcoefojt gud« my foul.
If e'« ay bio- to wonted Imilej unbend;,
Tb »kcn the ticcr.ng minuses »» tbey n
Crffa Mid one gtrani irfplrafuic tu iut iiiends.
Kill.
Ei/'a in theft il»4e#, tbr JmI retreat of grief.
-Some iraolwnr 1. «ilmg» will tfcat ckctfffht be.'.
To MckftokcWy'i kH yield fotfrc tdi
Aad e*Je lie bremfi fufcmwjfd »i:b BOt i
Long ha* my hark itt nidcU tempfilt tol
tWfctcd *ai. find Uetam'd lilc'i bofcle wave*.
So&cc ic now, ia til my vifhci croi
To fotk a ptKcful bar boor in ttagrare.
Aril wh«» that bow (hall come (ih <e>mc it mail)
Etc mari) moonr their waning horns incrcafe.
When ibu frail m-x with iind-ed 4n\,
And all i:s fond purSiiti and troubl
XVI.
Wbai thofe black g*e» fh:it etrr open fond,
Receive rte-on en' irremeable lliore,
Wacm Life'* frail jt'flf* '■" Tu^ '" irttcfl find.
And the doll jtA repeated chariot do more.
XVH.
Ifcen may my friend weep o'er the rueVoJ heaHe,
Tttff hifly M» prcfeiice *ild the awful gloorni
Anc hi i Lit tribute be Come mournful ettrft,
pot that bcM> my alcnt tooib.-"—
Will.
-and no cxirt: the itfl let HtaVn provide
■vfcievi rei^o'd. i truir my weal or lYOe,
AW4 towe'e* lie j» 11 ice ilaJJ decide,
jb| ht wojie ifcjt I Live kft Ulc-v.
Z a
W*
, 'which hit 'gonoHllyfcbefctti^IIPWflft. ^-.P-Kfourn- - T rrvnv^a
£r ' ■'"' '"'"■■ '•■ ",;|,,,,! — •■ jiimj- r.>i »ifiWb„jii
' '**■* See Review ft* Septa**. M^^ 37|,„
THE.. fettlcmcnt of Pitz-Sfcpheti sod Pits^cnHlin Jtebail
was followed by die ftrrivu of RtthardSfrongbowvifcaefof
Urged his views and enflamed Iris pafiiom; fo that, burning vfth
jrevenge, and intoxicated by ambition, he determined to 'caautnd*
.with Roderic for the monarchy of Ireland. It was with- this vie*,
agreeably to the advice of Fitz-Stephen and Fha Gerald, that.JK
applied to the Earl of Chepftow, who probably was well dtfpeied,
and certainly enabled. to lead fuch an army intolndand, as aigktii
the end exalt Dcrmod to the fovereignty of the whole nation*. . -,13b
Earl Richard had heard of the iuccefles of hit coontrymenv 4fce*
readily determined to obey the invitation. * Neglected- by<hfauPtang>
©ppreffed by his neceffities, and flattered by the profpcoV-bf vakafale
acquifnion* in Ireland, he inftantly repaired to Hcaryv^eyieftaatd
Jiib riiitrcii, and entreated the royal favour to re-iaftate^heikijaubu
former affluence, at leaft to permit him to coon rim. retain* of ;fe-
tunc, by hazarding his life in the fervice of the Prince of. jddo&tr.
Henry, who by no means wifhed that his fubjecta AouW >aukt~&o
couudcrable a progrefs in Ireland, mach Jefs that the rcda&oidrf
this country Should be gradually eifected without hia^aifcrpQSctfti
was not d euro us that the prefent Britim adventurm lh<Mridi£AMJ*T
. additional reinforcements : yet, without djfcvo-Mag hit fomdr feOtt-
,jal licence, or directly forbidding the Earl to pariue hii mnrrW^
enterprize, he at Frit detained him by various pretence*, avittoaaaaf
explicit aofWer to his petition. When his instances were renesWJ.
lie riFccte4 to commend his martial fprrit, but treated hri frnrsaii
an adventure into Ireland with contempt and ridlcole. -:Jfeic&anfcsaai
.•ftiU importunate; till the King paffionarely-vomnmnb^djsBmi jc*bc
gone, with fome equivocal expreffions which mightiw uadsrslqadiis
an aiTent 10 his rcquclt. The Earl, determined to underrlaod iitssore-
. losd in this manner, departed, and prepared for hii<ex««duiefei»liA
all imaginable vigour.* : ■■*--'•*.'*, ,4i.d bluorfl
„. The military actions of Strongbow, after ,hrs arrirtbintbelsai
.• are related by Dr. Iceland with perfprcuityand fpinsv-i Thaijaigrcfi
of the Earl of Chepftow was fo rapid and extenivs,. ihsstdampied
- to promife a fpcedy reduction of the whole ifland. .. Thifcat4rata*v
thievecnont which Henry the Second referred* ftfenfa^ftaQo^jajre.
i;»ibic, he immediately took the ararm. '^fotoiof ^es.Iheotfthliite
nc.advcotuxers, and particular!? oF the '&&wiilxi-p*wsrfl*faSmiatffrv,
who by his alliances in England, hi* ac^arfiflosi, ^ctavsj-aamfe
Ur^H,fa,fMtok
541
-J fc -«td
1 it iht(t hccil.riu wo*.
prcfccit^ i <n in Ireland. Ht-ii y«l 1
ng any Rngliih VtJU fro* f*^i-> '
ouhnm ; and conunandir^ ili i i f S-
jtcW re£dcnt in Irelaad, or eve rv order and dc?/»t, to r<;urn
fMlitc c.mr.u/ before lit enfuinr. real! of 1
RIM* acJ be tug c<cUicU uai:
iothing amid be mcrr dirtreffir.g to the ftrulfti iJwmurrn fun
rnkt levoe at;d prrr«jVO.'y rdicl cT their Sovi r Retard
eneicwoorrd to trerubefclow, b> an hi
*W rornl c»a>i<cr Whiic »t: ucid; of :!ic
■the aJ3*j:i t..| ;!ic *0(H*i£S L>;>. AHIC C\<J) J
al*rmir.j\ In thnjuno
hrrcek ckec The mi .
«>o*<eiri2«rnitjo*, ir-J !»»♦ .-i - -• attend
■o tfcckfj iuccxaUop arLir: ol
totnuf d re alaruicj l_. . . ■ 1 -.
particularly inconvenient in their prefer.! fitu 1. of
tfceir ally Dermnd. Trm a. pi>llo\vW
toeit det ecJion of the Irifn fore?* frcrn I
cUtca. KereicSdciJ, the Lul's course and ' ire,
aaaidi tbeic actumaUu be-
otmcio far foccd'slu). a* ;u c
In ibr mean time. Henry king of Ehohnd had rreovered from
onita-natiM At t*« death 0/ Bcckct ; hit Vigilance Jud : ■
**d proved too po*crluI lor tiic oitchu | -id
abUed no iopgci 10 defer hi> |on£-picjc<1ed cipediitou iun>Ik-
toad. All tbis vrhile he utterly difarowed ihe proceeding* of the
■dWM'W, m 11 1: ifii. ffrfampllnn
n»d dilbbeclience. and, by a fecond meiTagc, farormned Earl Richard
to* appri Ihc hart obc;rd the mandate and
Met the ki*$ at Ncwnham (LCaj GTotKcftcr. Whatever r«A-«:uicnC
lie* >«*» f>jii allayed by the fa the Ear!, 1
.ii profeffioni »f all- ni-
tooru to ta< difpofa! o!" hi* royal matter. The Tccnc or 1 on
no* doled by a treaty, in which it m h xeieed that the I lt>
lis, aadxiaxje •*•' noaia, together With all the maritime
lewas andicen acquired b) Su«ti;;buw» lliould be furrendered abfc*
lacsiy in Henry, tvhn. ou hu part, gracjoifly confeQied ll
uSoald hare :i! hi* Other Iri li pAflrffioiis granted in prfprt«.lt]r, and
10 *r h«-j ■■ g and tiii bcin.
In inc liird ebapur of the tirll book of the work before u», oar
■■ii in 1 1 and ck^ UJ givei »n ICCOVOC of Henry's artival
,1 Irelame. LflC important cientk wh.ih all
aAion, tohi« ociaj; recalled 10 Ncrroaody. Referring to th/- Hiilory
tcraj druil of thu rxpedtuon, v> 1- sir
Kendrn Mjtu kamv part of what Ur. Lclanci tjaih juo <iranceil
fciticntcnt now mae'e in Iidattd, anc 1 .on
IX
. in '.ha: ouiutr;
z 3
* \Sn
3+f hd&v&s llifiw) is/ iwtcWi
-^<'.'W*1tfclv«Tftfcb tnfipvHcet sod-pe** cWeftiinarrjpWaitf <Wh»iU
rto^'lo^i}U»^«oni^:^hb afriitdincfa ■ihe=:leftRftfrfri*wfc^«*rtn«*
«**M thir-toiAptn ieifcs nor unvforTtrJ btriviftwd j&f «ifMl#
potentate, <*b« d«Twaitdrfi *-rci^ogoh;.ob' of 1iisrfo^migV*tyy 'i&Hged
thvfli » become his tributaries, and 'to -give hofragMsforrhevr'fw*
Ktyv and even fometiines to refign % portion of their terrkorytJ '-**
tharHenry'' demanded no more than they had frequently mMVMl
others" with great vevdinefs, and generally with tittfe"ih»*etir/;
fcaicely considering tha eonceflion as difhonourable, 'much ItJVln
effeorial diminution of their loeai power and authority. ' Nor iwrtwi
Ary Authentic evidence to prove, with whatever «onfideuctlrlf',MM>
have beert afterttd, thar n the Irifh made no terras for theft toWn ft w
01 government, but wholly abolifhlng their own,' they confewten? ii
receive the EngKlh Jaws, and fubmitted entirely to the ftngiifh g«M
iert>ih«nt,^. It is (tarcely conceivable that a whole peopte ftowW
a't once be either forced or perfuaded into fo extraordinary a rrvolfli
t&*-, ■ uiilefs they, of all the human race, rude and barbarottsas they
Aw 'fepkfented; were alone exempt from (bong partialities in fWovf
of their laws' and cuftornv. Nor u it probable that a politic MtHitff
SacioBs pWnce fhould form a fchetnc in his prefect fituutiori fo^eid
hvagarrt.'becaafe of all others the mod dangerous TO attempt; krtf
the woft difficult to effect, that of obtruding, in a tndroe-oty ati vrfJ
tire nBw'tyftern of laws and polity npon a number of commutrttW
none dfvrhtch he had fubducd. But that no fa?h'deJrW#*s eh*#
attempted- or effefled, will appear rot only from the mmMfoldtpVoufi
winch toufl hecelTariiy be produced in the pro^refs-'bf rtis"hi(*Wryj
bit from the trenfac\tions already related, we have obferved 'fhst'bf
ifa ordinance of the fy nod of Cathel it was provided, that rheesVfrw
mould;, for the future, be free from allfecolar exatfiorik "fftwiew
deeerTary to produce this ordinance atlargfc: "" ' '" ,,; " *>*<T*
* " ALL the eeclefiuftkal tands and poffeffiOrrsmaM bt eit««WHw
from every exaction of feCular men. And rrWMlv TWptttyViMftt
or lords, or any potentates of Irefand, nor tTrrir cWMrtn nbyfofni-
^es, mall, for the future, exact rnainfenancrdr enttrtaitrtbent?^
dording to cuftom, in the ccclefiaftical territories, or prWviftrilHM>
tort them by violence. And that deteftable eniettttftirnent; wfllttefc
fcur times a year required by neighbouring lord*, Aall-tnt^fihHli
ftrrcre, be demanded from the ecclefiafttcal towns!— ^JfM lfe**M
over, in, all cafes of homicide committed fcy thV'tahy; "Womm
they (hall compound for the fame with their" advWfajfei\'I&tf<cl(aas^
who art their relations (hall par nothing on 'this s*ttoa*ti>f tout**
they had no' part in the perpetration of the fcomiclde*, foth*tt>tt«j*
Ijr free from contributing to the fine." ' '':' '■ '•" • •** b»W s*
""'It cannot be fqppofed that the execution of tfc^IriA fW*B*M
6c! 'thus regulated, if theft laws were emiMy'abtrtinWH^ if*rW
cHrgy Were to be exempt from CoyO, 'faftCWMy tact 'twftei^H^
fxattSbni; it Is evident that the petty tcirfgi ah*1o+dslV*eWi|Blhlfc
deth'amf' them from others. If the clergy w«e nVri tdbrjnVVrbtiM pt
m Eric in cases Of murder, If follows that'll' cc^peVAnonT'Mni
m tdlw paid by the laity ; and of cdnfcowhW taiV'tlW'efeMMr'
polity was not only tofubfift, bdr warranted, fcttfted, and |MAff4|lt
*fy: ;.' * - ' '" ■ l • ,- . ?\ iim» itftf
UUafr Hrftiri tf fe W.
J<3
-tn»ttrii»>i»)r«Mli^n«iby the authority of ti<*rj4 Here .then, Avert
there »* ether, wc Uv* a diictl pr£«foi a regular cOOftttt oct**oa
• BDor.irth Mid the Irith chUcuinu The; ftrfestateu to htt«ao
ht» ataffih uid tribaurict. Ho wat (o proicet theea in li.c admuij-
IrtOO* « ifcor petty novcr.-tmctics aceojcitEg to ;heir una mc4dn
• w-3 ih«t *-e AmlJ nnd that fnaoiiu »oc aetva!ly adjnsV
•ilkit«L— " TUy foterroJ .pic." fait* Sar John Dlritti
" i>rU»c Breton liw ; they made iheai awn coa^icratca and otficeni:
they pr.rdoceel and pmrirtied all mifcfarttiara ir l>r«att
*—iric\ i They made warrc tod peace oe»» **th M iOtt
t£Mn>fla*4fttf an J thai they did uot onely duri*t lie '**£•< at*
: -vnrdci in alJ timet, even uatjtlthc raifoc
«Q»/c*a Elizabeth,"— No*
or ia oppofitierk to hi* aautoriry, hoc by hi> jWtH-.c
■m -he acta of ae atfembiy whttb decned
tfte-.r ai'ilv lion.
.»c_Mc, thai chcconceGocJ c-f luc Iriih
kw\l* were uaifanedy aude 10 2 Icon and hi» L<ms. And a> England
■ lErdly tb<- l> i dctruniani.
*r fault wnier^and Mi lawfal ft tee lion to tac cr*«*a)
So that the imer.uoQ ot ail tJtattaaa -.■ ,wlh
cWlu^i*f(K4fj to be. chit tax RiDg* of &nc!and &ouid foe ever
fc*Of**a lord* perainonn; or' ;hc uraaaOaiet wjueX tacfe <aiefuiof ic-
%ai*Kd. Mdinkemoon re ihofc waich iney abfolatcSy reigned : MM
. be «'a*ritii«d to g'An; or trj ;ih domi-
fal hwirith vailaJf a» y.I . b-Jt that the
tipedewd obeijierjcc tK.uk! be paid to the Ringa oi tnf laud la Um-
1*4 ftftxeftoo » and the territories i*fi?i . ..nam lor cru
aMrfteet «r* ihi* kingdom, and appaodent on (li Or, in
rrjmft it in the languige of ihe'ptieiit ct* He.-.ii- tfc* Third to hi»
faat-Kdward, that ibey ihonlt not bo lepera-ted from, in* ct#*», fact
vhtfijy reviaict totnc K.inji of England foe e>cr.
:-a»r«(L\m» both with tlie native* and the, .;4*ea>-
ient} had ao*u acejuited tl.e abfolaxa il«-«ninuaB ot tevnal
mririrtK citwi, an4 :hcir Xrpfadcnciet. <hc orociccc oi Ur-nt-r
waa p Ue;mod, a.ad he >. .
iratfal to hoi-..
Itatth Appear alio t^ Itavc beon ccvicd :j the K -ic
tiflgnfe aeknvfkdfc an , :nx
4ea*h of M'U^hwoj ffr that Hear y had im* a rrU
aary. >*da noaaber of UrjfCH in the nl«nd, lad hiii the WTtiOlt rea-
->oft a fpCfdy «ncrei(cof both- And to thcJe bit tuuj^tv
ie Meed punted the En^liih U««. accoriiog to the wdimonv
htinbevt Pjria, not as a model whereby »;.=> aii^fti |0*eiu itcm-
****♦, or4 iVintie :i*ir oun polity ; for thea tney hao no need dim,
t,nft*(*th*:r pr-!itud< to the k)a|; lOJ *hil they nug^ icrf
tWialeU^, il, by >on, W»f h*d Vod the ftfl
latCJ-of -iC«xlnb lab^otUs rxjiher in tt\\\ cade waa li^rcaay prft.
fOaHy or laracfity for an oath to tha Kiav.^btxeby u*t
aaahea>t<eavate«^f tbrfc i-i. On the contrary,
'»■■. era/lUttxm, by t^ev pri:r|ol acc«;!j'Cc ot : ... U**,
aajj their fUoio ca^a^rtnenw
^4
tneif^^&Ui iMoh1*, antl : rr-nV wW ' ttiHV aHtftffoc* *& to *MP£>
Ktf^n Mf ^^rejoted tnaHhey' JhouM ftill VconadeWdits**
f&JWi^bf his YeaTiti,' ftlid (fill Yetam the advantages • <rf that cftdftlJ
fWon AMcV,' 'to A'b/cfts, tfiey formerly enjoyed, add wfetek'-fct'g**
C>5jty jkehfed that they fliould ftill retain in the? feme eftaWdrp)
wfiSmB any diminution of' their rights, or any chanfcein tfboir AftfltfJI
fi£irifelCio£ Hence the nect flity of a new oathy whereby *hoy'W#«
tifflOTlfrduC allegiance to Henry and his heirs, and- to the faitinil
dmcViiii&jFcf the laws of his rtalui in their new frttfc meats, -thw
irjatje'a part and member of this realm, inseparably connected* oftd
iMiinttely' oo'nibKdsted with it.**— •• -' .i—i.tfLr
'"** tor the better execution of the laws of England, it appear* thm
rteXrjr made k< divifion-o'f t&e d:iirifts, new lubject to hi™, niw
ftiliei nr counties, which was aftenvards improved and enlarged}-*!
the' ext'etlflcn of the Englifh fettlements, and the circuroftanccref
the country required. Sheriffs were of conllquence appointed boll
faY'rift counties and cities, with judges itinerant, and other mtwiaers
fef$f)(ficV, officer's of flate, and every appendage of Englift govdfli>
Jfteht arid' Engliffc law. And thefe inttitutions feem to bave been*
yart. of .Henry's firit com pad with the adventurers, and t<t>Jutc«M>
medla.teWittend'eb'hia grant of iKtir old polity and privileges^ 4k
iit :i5tei:nf 'Charter to the citizens of Dublin, executed before *vi* ds-
Mrtmt'f&ak this city, we f.nd mention of his jullices, ^kertftt^-iNL
WhtVyflcert. To complete the whole fvftcm, a chief gover*e<ry<cY
repvfcfertatrve of the King, was nectf&rily appointed, who fja^i*
i-xMcfle'the royal authority, or'fuch parts of it m might-bo 14*11 grip
'tea: "to him, in the King's abferet ; and as the preient'ttaft* of sjH*
1a*nd, and the>app'rcheni:ons of war or infiirrcdtion made-it 'pecalinrfy
neceferjrTo gnard ngainft fadden accidents, 01 extraordinary- fat
"tingemSes'; it was provided, -by whatiscaIlcdaStat»te«f Htaie/«w-
EmpTtft/tnali In cafe of the death of soy chief ga«erner, the^ba*
cellorl treafurer, chief-jofticet, and chief baron, keeper if thc;»ti|,
■rtdttrfg^ ferjeant at law,- fliould be empowered, with content of lie
■nbblei of the land, to eleft a fuecefTor, who was to exercife th**f4)
power and authority of this office, until the royal pleaXvrc Jbouti bt
farther known.' ■ ■ ■ ■ »« j>idi
-■■'The-fonrth chapter continue* the hiilory of Irift affairs, fax* tee
departure of Henry to the death of Earl Strongbow, and the fefafe-
traenr expeditions of John De Coarcy into Ulticr, and Mite^Cufia
into Connaught, We meet here with a Member of adventures, 4k
u hie li the mofl barbarous courage was difplayed, and a-g rcatvj&ietyif
fortune experienced. The Author Concludes the chapter ^ wiiib-dieto-
•Jowinv rer>ref,niation of the miferable condition of the wbolu Ijjfcali
' ■ 1 he imperfect and jejune accounts which remain ofchc lc«ad cttf
ferftions and provincial Cornells in Ireland* at this,- period^ -gtfbna
*lht>cferirg idea of the ilate of this onhappy country. — De4aWtediWfjl
"Thcmond in the footbern province were diftra^ed^bytheiijeajiaiii
•ctf .contending chiefs, and the whole land walled lij |i|iiiiijawafllaajl
'WocoS' quarrels. Treachery and murder were itvem£e#*f <re,ta;tafy
'#hd murder, (o as to perpetuate a fueceJfion1 -of GUtr^tMi^m^tM
fi'orrifl and dirgtaceruj to htmaniry, The-iK^a^^-ftfo««k^«»a«U
'■/rirr.rp/JiXrrnonarftcTi ito*$h the-neW'Eofe»fe ftmn^Jimi^
*««■-■..■ confidem
Xk
.CI'
. <",
K
mnd • T j r»yj
n of K
: of d!«\' iiiun
:.> tkfi
: in the f.:*m it |&ca
■
.t ft, <ui«; | cncjal fub-
■ i i' ic govrra*
< pcovcJ a iifijuiax W effing Lnhafppy pcopk.
»*3 plcafcd to ordain thti ihci* en^rmtac] .houUI
ovn fcrerc pun
o red io pmvi
. : , a ii ■i■■•■ ■
*cll jj.4jnu.tc J witn ih< ti cuvufcaccj o;
wai ti> f rciidc, ta&chapUtcri 0/ thofc „ae wi*
pcitrn, slit grit ? Ante* he wu to icilicfi, *iuJ die ir regit Jan tie*
tfhing and cxic:
:Kc fcQirit/ of the new Uulert, 07
Itafl)** fc*1*- njjekcoing eicry paitor loc UnjjJiih uai-
W jcaJoufic* of ihc luui i a; tin
ti n^ikwe "I b*xh nation*, who had been unfitly driven
h>c\ ttwi- ng equally 10 all, up
adoiaiUttuaa. BrbJci iftgoiiw the j>o-
rcd»at 10 L*C7, (he King fonnd himfch at kifucc tp
«1 r*fuifl ■ ': 10 iliia kiogd-
£« fc« i'uuhiio iCJUurcn i j *ticnd him in fiog*
.-. r -iniie x i.ir; ■■■ 1 Bin -ippoin:-
locafi ct tu Io :t ::pp«aot
i't>a* a*f» i* £ - Unry confotfU Juiac*-
Utiag mote upofi hi* foa ;;.in j p. 01 tie ol honour, or icm
*jtbru • ifc*4g.f*junaiieot an
LJUI it *w.i. Iiy no a:
! tranttcc t>K right* he hl*i
. *M »U-lu:ciy CO h., ion. Alar Cu.nc time
iVa ji^b «i* Mi m«( ' - icfoocntof JscUnd tviih 4
jaiau *tio* wai fo weak, 1 \, and ul-
.,and apk» ^ttrcy
ta. 6e . - ■ -■■ •'- L'oorcy u/« end*.
iafinji' **>:'* vigour ;iic authority ot F.ogliih governoicnr.. And ci
4£ aajuittizyna already made, wnUii WiJ <ol l&*l I»c
Jlcau 1: ■■ 1*0 d« Uic jviU.naUici re
Jmc 1' '4 with ni^nuixniiy ^nd f^i/i^aoi]
w lsd> oKIcm yiu* 1 1^9: ■« prioc« whom impartial judgmea:
•Wtiwi a>vA rMui: tti»oi«g tl«e hrlt characters of n:ito;j.
laliaj^ i*i* cic&i. Ox. Lciand taxei occauoa to ifctx ■
OUi rcu:4ik*ue* thepoje/of IWiuy ; ^.Jui aUssVain,
0-
afTstf 1
xirUu
^aai..
wjj ii#gkd<
346 UNA fivhyvftofad-i
IpQfetWfttawrlrtUadr. i*. ri- ,j't hnA. vtiloqlo mrtvl
- t-1 «*nj^fl»C*tl* hi* hUiory of .eft InwAttM MTjiflkMi ***!
of -the Confine* gf Ircjand |. a ridicuW -flatter*^ MtJMifr fJittrii
which U» frequently been echoed by fuec coding ■%?««;»* ^9Fih4 Osniti
chaplain of the twelfth century may be pardoned ; k&. jhtsaflsf |Hn
feflyr of laws in the*ighteenth, aflerts in form tfttf Iwlnt^lfflWij raj
cjpisred- by Henry the Second, and hence proceed* taefuteiifoftPa fet
viable fights of conqueft, it may not be impeniiMafc VfciJta#»)*v
real matter pf fact. And thut it fcems to be i . .. ■ io3r»w rte
\ '■ Some" Englilh lords, with their vaffafc,. e cgage in the {raWatiaf
ao exiled prince in-one of the IriOl province*. .They hav*-<tfcvMfajil.
lands afiigoed to them for their fervice, in a&ittng-hioi a> roc*vne. hi*.
do»tfnions. Theyrefign their acquisitions to Heoiry, ' assd are*g|iv
inverted with molt of them, which they content to- hold a* bttfjftftji
fabje£U, by the ufual Englifh tenures. Henry, on his pajvwif'
anlillfj that theft hit fubjects in their new fettlement, ibaJl, -«pith«lt
thtir dependencies, enjoy the advantage of their old coatlituiiof gJNHk
lie governed by the laws of England. Several of the Info ^ijcftnJffi
fubmit-to-pay homage and tribute to Henry ; and in c&&(&i\ten$%ipii
their ceffiooi receive his promife to enjoy their other rights **d prift
vilegea.- --Roderic-, who claims a fupertority ever the osiera^jtfjaf*
ha«H)g hidden defiance to the Englim monarch for a *hiks at iaa^jif/
by a treaty regularly conducted and executed, engage, on Jais fMfl/Jio
become nil liege-man, and to pay him tribute ; on which tWi*io*
It if expretoy iHpulated that he ft all enjoy his rights, lands, «W%'
vereignoea, as fully as before the King of England ever appeareaVtoj ,
interfered- in Ireland. No contracts could be more explicitly -or w*r:
ciicly afcertained. Accordingly, the EnglMh adventurer* sewers Mflfcj
diftrifct by their own model; the native- chiefs, thraagh far th,e greater
part of Ireland; aot independently of the Englilh goaarrHBe/it* ruafct)
war and peace, enter into leagues and treaties amongft each sn; JsiflV
punilb malefactors, and govern by their own ancient law* and- <«£
toms. It requires but U moderate attention to the records of tfcf*
rimes, to know what degree of real power Heary. acquired in JrelaAfl1 b
and bat a moderate fr.il! in politics to- decide wh« right* kc anp^ML,
either over the £ngli(h adventurers, or the nativo lnu\ by aiffrdft^
ral trjmfacticni with each ; whether we eooficicr-tbc ground* fl(i«h*ifl
uivafion, or the nature and extent of their fubmiiEaos, or^ha^Majn.
port of hit ftipulations.' . Iji stir?* * 1* rBft
The remainder of the fifth chapter continues tha.haJtory of Ire-
land to the death of Richard the firlni and the bach chapter earrMH
it forward, through the reign of John, to in* firil year at #enry/ihii:.
Third ; daring all which time we ftill meet with a perpetual |iHxef> .
fton of petty -iacurfioaa, fierce oontcib, and bold exploit*.,' jotsj, m
an expedition which he made iate Ireland, came attended with) mot
learned in the laws of their country, by whole ccuxfet and aififtMCI
a regular code and charter of Enghih laws wti, at the general dqure
of 1ms liegemen of Ireland* ordeineo and appointed in ihat kingdom,
and depoiited, for their direction, in the hxehequer of Dublin, for .
the common benefit of all who acknowledged Jlegiarce to the
jthe crown, and for the -onion of the Kin^'i Lands, a. his iabjafift-W
both
\Aui#i Wfhfiif t*H0$
*J
b«Mrtagrti!Cu*tr»Ml*!* otited oncVr the Urn* >+*A, *fh* •
fVflri* ol polity. And for ihr regular ard erTe-ftoal MIC >'
hettlftMrthmeniof fhr Kini:** e«ort» ef jtwrkats iu
w*» bo* rnade * MM t:n;'1e J -.tie-
K <•>£'* HtiUt ol Ireland into counties, *here Iherifc, arid othe p n:
cert, were aajajcajaaed. >*-'*
tbehrrt 7«*t of Hetiry the- Third, die i»rea* C harter of LiW-
tiet, which tfer baron* had obtained from John nt Runingrtetlc, jnd
which, with amendment, had been fokmnly renewed by Henry at
bti Kxcfron, wii granted lO hfl febjefll in Ireland, with fiifw i i
rMifMkt 0»1y »« thf loctl necvrTicies or* th«t kingdom required. It !ill
rtfliaini ext*«t In iht Red Boofc of tX« Krcne^ocr ai Dublir. | and
«■** attended by the following letter frum Kittg Henry :
•* The King to all ArtMitihopj, fiilHops, Abbot*. Bath, Can.
K*tg*r», »nd Free Tenants, and alt our faithful Subjeftt terled
trirowebaw! trelin:*, — Gurtin*.
•■ Wrn oar hearty commendation of your fidelity in t*i© Mnf,
wbieb yed lure ever exhibited td o«r lord father, and to o; in iltefc
<> exhibit, c»ur pfcafure is, that in t"fccn of thi? voar
rftifiAoi and notable fcderity. tne liberties granted by f>tir father, aad
by 12*. ftfow ffU9 and g*fc, to tur re^m of England, ftatl in oWf
kiatdom of fre'exd, he enjoyed by you *f»d by your ncin for rrcr.'
WVu li^rttet, Jtflinclry reduced to writing by the £crera! tot
rtf allmtrlfe^efibjefti, we traofniit to you, felled with ! .
lord J^mV, lr£*te »:r thr apo*n!»ea! fee. ?nd of rur trufly eir! Wil-
I ,im Marilbal, o«u governor, and the genvtnor or .mi :*-•
•re have rvo leal. Atid flic frn»c Outl n h of
. ftaltcr<oin*>l. receive the ^.nature of oar crw» f:
tSivfti •tCJIooeefleT :>.r 1' xtti day of Febn:
•-nntinuet cut nhle and n iaft, • were rht
. :i cfivilerjei o: the IriCh fctUeet completely afiertimeJ iu4
eiiWlfccd. Tbcy »v*r<r tiot only to bo e;nverned by the ftme i
11 effort, bvt w» complete Ihcir
%r*rh eheir fHlow-fuhjects ii Kn<»lani, iliryare now inrluded
eatr»r*ed rrftm the thrnnr, to circumfcribe the prc-
**4 eotrerl the fevetttiet ^n^nally UtfOd«<c<J hy «l*e r^»
ih«> 4ppe*t ia the fame honourable IrgKt with I
fn the nei iclm, miking the fame rr^ui
fmnlt * tiKft arc Mi (hit day rre:rr*l at imt
It of Ki»gl' But if the resolution of thr Kfoli^h rtiar-
tert p>e«eec^ Ir^rn en ariftocrttk fpiril, than the te*e of ftao
-nil f<MCKrDwW.'r,c4, wat ftill mw« pre-
whr*c the b*r0it», remoti ke upteme)
voeled Hv adelejptej »«rhrrity too Often w**fc
HfHWpeKrrrd. inveftw! v>t:!i enotmuta terrtt«He* and dnngeremi
I'^rr* tempted by itietr r1renc»th, and enibkd by :n*
flUcfrfaydotn, to f>»rfiie the «V*ti« om4
M#9iImmk reejard toyiillice, arrd funeti-nn without <veii rbe
nf rrfpreVtognfrfnirv-nt. Ai the *une paffiun>
at*, theyofeemfeoaaenee !i»ed u-ftS eaeh f*h<-r in a
:H©, «v^» »»»d dtfTcMiOtl t nevd M their eb'nt *ma W
*>t force 'ef-&fiaa. thcit Wt. etdlab, a; twll ai the i%wi«e
6 *r*M
A «A * ■ -&**"» 4H^#M k»*» v,rf: *«i
Ofajons ■ Ifci fttlv-ref rtfcamrtsltt nuy ipprtindtUoywftklalx^tojoAiijBl
too fatty- jadifted io tan prngvcft afiithiKfTifiofyau'AttdiWAijQbGbii
ajfalcfe KL^<Liten5l^*oy»i*>t tnx she, foptcftjof tsWe^aaaaikaahnn sar
aarhkh sir 'nation groaned for fo< Jong a period indbtfcjosriribhrtaaaai
ratU in furl view > vahicfc jJrbVe that ahoy tunc i*igtW(iifWrxnJ
'frnm the rices of individoah, notifrosa any rn^aUaa»lo<«a?^pefaBBn
^ncipfc&inJUsgtim rovcrnment.* .<ni?r,tjn8 ■•MM ■.
fh The feceod.bookoithis valuable work ■ divided, mete ifcaiifiiiipj
into fix chapters, and carriea on the biftory to tho dcfoaxtianoaY
Richard che Second. As it would .be impracticable;' in lliniasanaf
'Irani is a Signed to a Review, to accompany our^Amhaafc rtogiisnaY
through the feveral tranfn&iona of the fuccefiive chief govcraaBB^Mi
the various broils and adventures of the chieftains, ■'hmhii nrf*aaa
Britifb or Jriih race, we (ball content ourfelvesf in this partnotTOa*
performance, with pointing out to our Readers a few of thepraatst-
ftances which nark oat the progref* of law, civilization, andraassi
tied goiernnscnt in Ireland. This'progrofs was, indeed, forbotata-
-fies, ^trf flow and imperfect. Daring the long reign erf 4i*nr^Jii»
Third,. w« meet with little which excites our attention^ ip-thi rsjjsj
are have mentioned. Ireland, in his time, was in the Try fc
Predicate; and though the King endeavoured repcatodty
tbe observance of the Eaglilh laws, it was with no grant effatfUbJha
bencit of theft laws was fued for by fome individuals of theiriaV
race, bat was dented to that people in genera] ; the trawcaasatfxaf
which cxcla&en U well explained by Dr. Iceland i > nv*b »ww
'• * Extravagant and abfurd as we may deem this general exi^a&osrjsf
' the natives from the protection of the EagK&i saws, vrt ir«itaiamadiaBV
from the want of equity, nor of discernment in thefengliOr iiiwaauafca,
The neceffities and preffing emergencies of the reign of Heaaryzaac
Second prevented the redaction of tbe island, and produced a<xatntf
whereby the Irifh were left in pofleffion of their ancient jariidiAioa-
Whatever may have been the representations of political and faaaaiaia-
cal writers, it is too evident that at that time they neither rtjnaswi
nor accepted the Englifh laws. They neither knew the fnpepnaasi-
vantages of another conltitutioo, nor traced their diftreJct to. sw*«-
regolaritics and imperfections of their own ; which had bocn joanon-
a*d by the ufage of ages, by the fabulous or exaggerated rra4rriaaaicf
their famous kings and lawgivers, was iiiex u-icablyinierwovs^wid
their manners, and with theie, had taken too deep jmcr1 ex^nJrvtsnbt
to be at once removed by the grcaieft violence * and aiolcaosgthrj
neither originallycxerted, nor intended, for this purpolc^ ^Kaasr,
indeed, and a continued interconrfc with the new fatten^ tnagkt
feme among them to sacrifice their national prejodicea sfcsa ftabissV
tereft and Security; pointed out the fuperior ad vane;
- ftngliw neighbour)) and drove them to seek Hidttr from
Within the pale of EngliuS law: and the readiness of
Third in receiving them, directs us plainly. to the traaanpzt^otnA
'far a long time fatally oppofed the gradual coalition of -ihainjfc
' 'Mad Englilh race, under one form of government. T)iengrm£sn£-
" lift* fcttlcrs found it more for their immediate inqtnnV Sum aJmw
-'finite ihould be left to their opprefliooi j that many « tssoae whofc
suds
Leland'i Kfiwj tf Inland.
3I»
to
COertrA fft'eeli! ~ne cnn^dered at altem : :hr, they ftV
be a»rm*ir«i tar their* pettr «Rn 07 a-bitrar* cxaefrtoei ; an.'
we-iae* ani. rotifa-rrcs be fro4 iroca the Urvort c4 a rtfdry- UMM»-
tiii atvi-kvrrt tribe gal. Thef hid <fce opportunity of truant* iocfc
j^nafiiiCMiiMli aa they p&raicd. Co cl EiglaaW, and ftfcii
•neftpdbni afthff reaper ami cifpoti:ic*< of the Inwi.u mi^ht fervc
their cVn cnnrpowi roort «frtclj*lry. Thox Jew wHr> I". : .ay
te» xfec tfctone m forth or (Toceelion, ww received with ftoineicelt
grace. Bu: io dime 3 of geceral tuibufcnco and iham hoc
JMyiikiay that the royal grace fhould nut always provr erf©3a*L
Forwraw [KM Mi tr->p. II ofppfvtaVin we*
yeeaLaar to the baroot Jetted in Ireland Tie) but ihared ia cite
wace* erf the time?, and toilovred the perritioat example of their
tut.Urai ib Hn7.U<:L who defpifci and mfcilicd the araktirf) of the
tVruoe, oppofen the execution of the Lwi. and .'.ijr tee QuWtc eoe-
tenrionrmd liifordr:* He^cnerared fliatfutlly incr>-« band .of jht.c i-
■KOBJ pigiideTffT, ravaging each otner, ami te*~astucu>g over Uieir
laforior-s, >a all die mcaaatfl of d< Jon<
la :-.t reiptof £d*4ai the Fir.t. Ikofc > by ^ii±xj jtifjofi
add a enrftaei intcrcnurfc wiih ilitr Kn^Itih, who fay coocirtaaa to
eaa*etfwTit>M»neU, crwhxo^aruleroentii: -.*gt
-a»We6tet fciuwi perpetual oceaatoni, from the diAretf:! they HtaVrcrf,
■M warn ■— ' the aap-Kxd dila^van:.- v<i Ot tkot« oli nau.e irMK*6o«»eo
wftkfc they were aha a dewed, a^j which n heir irrea aad pftw-
pninrKHc prccariout lhae thole of chei* hugltih r«*gt;boeraj fefci
*ao ptowalcr the inj olhce of their eoemier, at the fame tame tha? tnry
were deprived of the neeefary dflmce. A.l hope* #t cx'ccuaUi*;;
»W Eatjli til were l<;-is' Unoe rcJifined. The oaly r
faed, waa thatof ac.iui.iuj: tie lijhc; aaJ »-ii:^cj sojoyeJ
a»i thaie with avhura thejr were t\ .<<•&, sod to ch*a$e the
\#atraa<Tin*-i> *nd : Ttjhfcd. I ' i ty
■fceerf Englilh fobjeelt. An ipplicaboawe* »indy t^Qt
:haef Gorerwor, .-xd e.^ht rhoufand outs'.} coTeud ti>t*c
■ad«d he womio gnnt lac frci tot of the UvMf
:u the whole hoiijr of the Irith i»hab::aoti. A p?i"6on,
■■people tortured by the p.\irj i. :n
acMit fco jut and rcalbnab!*, aoC ir. it* co*lt.
-Aetee^ ^co«ha not hue be «*c!l tec
f acmw aAcea of policy Mid governs.
ia»crine, a friend to jaiicc,
WrrwrJ hy l>: I bffge, a r -> :• jx tfte aij|h*2
«kjjtee. Uut the wtluoao ami reititu^e*'! the .-.in; were i.<taj!v emu
•■■aPed. actdhy iac«'e*'hoJDOuldbitc raa fo
lil^aTaaceikrr, which woald hxvc prcvxnrcd
ABMiaahch waa chvie Jiy eakvlated fvr the paoficalivp taxi
:irco«ntr>. Ere/y f.hrcifjje w*» •rnplojvd, »*d
tlw.prrrmt lt> fciecrfi. \*\ «
KA*ig*in irtt :ied !wo vcantftfe, aotv«iifatfaAd'u)(s Ud«f«ctf'i
our* t**ttie i: rooicn*o:J tj L»i u*'-*era-
' ItcUti. . ,
ohiijed to luetoe p;rttv!if ctu'.c.-- of dtcixw i?«> vtit ■"*
^»*v*
Js? Uhrff Hi/hr? 9fhtkU.
m grafttcai* fiiTcnl, ptnkulvIfM.ihcfiriawwftiifaMi^atiltf
£nj;lUh. The roDjtclcc3ual attempt to reform, taa^'wmcM^ftaaPaT
Jrjfo affairs ia thbvrcigtt w*3 -made by Sir Jo*a sVogaa, ( ■Mafalto
Ihc government ia the year 1x95. With* temper and-stifi * sjattuaw
i»o*» to icvcral of his predeccffixi, he applied hapifcfcff itf uJMJi
place, to cmnpofe the diflentkms of the great Loci*; 1 i^ bsiiis) IftBJuaf
and ooiKikecieg -method; and, at( a farliameat wlueirwarftuMNati
more regularly than fuch aflerabliea had Jutherta beos QfloaW a aaaW
Ireland* he procured a number of ordinances to be yafh^wiiua
were devifed with lingular equity aad propriety. Bat thcyimaHu*
save complete and I ailing influence upon a people crumbl*4-irj«0ta
Bumber of detached bodies, separate iatereos, and rival Ja&ioai sniff
by Boblesimpatientoffubordination, aad habituated to tfae-vi
and outrage* of war. Yet, on their fcrft criaoliuunent, the/do**
ifxai to have been entirely deflitute of effect Xfeey ferod^-pjsw
fomc check to the difurder* of the realm, though not tomiainawa*
iuWuc tbem. ■ -'•■:•:-*>■
The chief ctrcumiUnce by which the Irifh hiftory 11 difimgqnU
during *he reign of Edward the Second, it the Scottifli ia#aduB*
uo4ef the conduct of Edward Bruce; who a/Turned the fly** aJKh*ttia»
TAtyof Kingofircla&d, and* a* (lain, after jpurfuing the tnldacbaaet
of hi* ambition for almou three years. The fetal cooiaqKn^iJIai
thia expedition, and the lawlcfs Hate into which the kjagduaiwai
reduced by it, arc painted by our Author in the ftrongeft aoc^aaM
lively colours, , -■•■': «rnuas
The diforders of Ireland rather increased than dimiwfhediia.aati
beginning of Edward the Third's reign, and the King arath 4b Attfl
voked by then, that he ifloed fome rigorous edicts, by on* of what*
all oflriih birth were difqualified from holding offices. Has caactusr
in this refpeft was intempe*rate and impolitic. It only Icrv&i-ao c>
«tc a general ditfatisfaclion. However, upon a fpirited rsmwaftraaW
and petition from his fubiefts of Ireland, Edward thought pratpe*ju*
remit of his fevcrity, and to give them gracious aad 1 inilnlaiaiia^
anfwers. ».* 2"3*
. During the adminifiration of Lionel Duke of Glareooe, a fWhW
meat was fummoncd to meet at Kilkenny, and proved a more lalusjfti
able and numerous aiTembly than had hitherto been convened ist
Ireland. Both eftates fat together: and the refultof tbeir dcfihenq
tions was that ordinance, known in Ireland by the napiei rf.taV
bujurt op Kilkenny. The account of this Statute, wj^foW
of Dr. Lcland's reflections upon it, we ihall lay before oai fteatk**^,
• The preamble of this ltatnte recites, with a decjfion obt wadnrf
colour, but yet too general and indiitriminate, that the fiBftttaajl
the realm of Ireland, before the arrival of the Date -of CUrtr***;
were become mere IriOi in their language, Biinni ■ppliatlunmj<Bt
manner of living ; had rejected the hngliih laws, and 1i*knimd$&
thoicoi thcirilh, with whom they had united by mamag&^e*w»ifl
tp the ruin of the general weal.— It was therefore e4sa^d^ramstaMP*
xiage, nurture of infants, and goffipred with the iriuT JboBtetag
cosUidcred and punilhed as hign<trcaibn«-*- Again, ii**jt qw^
Ksjgfiih raxe.4*aJl ufc an Iriih name, the. iriih bngauige* «^DB«4aauV
apparel, ©r any mode or cuflom of theiriibi the att provide* t>a«V
,.* a." **
UmdV 1 TrjArt hfbtkmk j„
iMtr-rmtnu, uatil he hot* pr« fct^i:
{I OHitcim ift over .' pi/ticu-u oo live fcrjrlnh
1'toul*^, that he aWlMw ircpriibaed uatil
•tcssity m ^irru... 1 Se II return U* ms p.-oonarxrd. (and
i f(/BKi«oi ta.:om aod inropaooa larci)« introduced
ta»f>tb.iabic<*». it wjj ilierrtore ordained that in ill their
icaUicy (liujiil be x,'-ft*1 K* "> :i»c comancn Jiw of F-0£*
that wiiacrt! f'i m abmk u list I.-iih jorltiSAiM, uw
liky of ingi-trniiM — A» the had breu
PMke tt-if sad pe«» evil i Lie bcr&ring enemy it
>f*re, ckey wmvo* cxprcfily pfooibtted |>©m Icrvinjt **•#
Iran* without Iptcial wuran: from the lU c— k was alio
teal to the Esgliiji. tu pcrnuc their l/iia neighbour*
laudi, to prefect trera to ccclraatseal beortice*. or »
ito>monaiteri«i or religions hot let; to entertain their
rvcrtrd their ima*.injriom by focuntc Urtl j or their1
■ . who Tcduccd theni by Ulfc report*.— 1 1 iva_s.ffiade U\m*f
orceds any forces upap :*c En*l:rtifubf*<i xjMlail
the total libcrcie* stid franchifes B-^re become l<n£fu*>
tore, oxproU power «l girt* 10 ir* kang'a fluriffa •»
It &j»cKifci. aod there to Aprrtcxad ifefon» o(
the great lorJ », waratbey WrcJ force* /or cbc patoie
•jtri rwrii.ility, and Laid u-icaiu) burden*, upon the
-. ordained, lait four ayflffieSfl of the pence ia **«**>
lid adjudge i* hi.? *en and ar.roui erety lord or teeiinr
iile The dunce waa proaiulged arith parikvlar fn(eut-
■ a&c apirirmi fcxdi, the better to rocbrce obftiirnry, «ie»
tBCXCOiaanutiicatioat en tln>.c who &iould ptdame :o violate
wort their I: irutioai of tfcrii affrmHy, canted in Ireland
rtaee, coaftrocd tnd tcoeox.! xiroeH u of r
Jajtaeote. The Nttcaibn of CHrcace and fcb oooaftllort
^eifiued to the refcrram.in til ike Kin*;'* HnyJi^h reo*
Trctasd. Among thtlc\ aad taVirordr, the Brefcon la* w*i
uroM caiFr u> or ut«i mri. Thry cr.d iher ewia
iika to fubmit tc iti doc&oai. And he « Jro aHerci th«
wm d it.rmil abcliiKHi erf Uic firtfaon jurifeufi'xin !■ ervr^
"aeid. luould coMidrr *aa: wtN ihc prefent rircmafcsaro
aicca, jad wluz rbe objott toil Inpentioa of the fluuteof
•ran Bftthotir* CtarftKC .larmod, whar
, w pee th.i <d»ft »o<b exicoi-tfe f*t<e aud
iliaaaetu wat no: fo &brord as to dilate laws trt
irrn and sortbero Iriihy rbe dcc-zrcxl eteqitel of their i»*
nt adrrt o/ (heir bmh. Not had ifcey *y.iy
li pciaer to eedravour to ro«i out the nil cvftoaaa or* iWr
>.4iabi*»ittudto lac kn^Jifc j>over»aiet:t, and in ibeir .ooatto
ifc lxlatary inlkucaoni by tfhicb they them/ehen IraVeMri
ud .K-lradai. P.icealivc view*. libtraJ i-riimrnti. tfirq a
.aval tot public Lappcneii, mu:l have pron»j-:i*d them to fbas*
fot coocUiaaisr the olfaction t, x» woil n luWaiTtf ihcpeT*-
poflMoeai vi the Irilh ; ciUl haw Ud them co dmiM)Ar«r
y arcrc Cac protodon Aid bciief«£lon» net tie arbi&rarf
35* Lcland'j Hijlory of Ireland,
mafters of thole Info natives whom they held in fubjeclioo ; and w
convince the moft obftinate inforgents, that an honourable fihsntf
ftdn to the King of England w,u the only avtar of n-fci
from theaMJcrki of their owa petty factions and tyraani— }
exchange of the rudenefs, the d Harden, and ^i***^ of ptni
for the peace, the dignity, and the valuable advantage! of
civil life,
* But pride and felf incereft concurred in regarding and
fag the irifh as a rate utterly irreclaimable. The defpnmri.
ante of the opprefled, or the violence! of national : vanity r- ^
readily mifcken for the outrages of a natural cruelty and hatha*
The taflt of reclaiming thofe natives might indeed have proved "ftfc
ficul t : and what is not to- be projected but by an exaJrtd ymimm*
executed out by vigour, abilitiei, prudence, and patience, a- ce*i
traded mind and indolent fpirit readily believe to he igpOnaMa, am
the crafty fuggeftions of thofe who are intcrefied, or think AgaaHB
intertfled, to defeat the glorious defi/n . The reign of a renown**
monarch in England, and the presence of his Ton in Ireland, hw
huiband of a lady of Irifh birth, and of an ilraftrioua family, at
heiirfs of valt pofleflions, were circumftances highly favourable m%
S trees conciliating fcbeaic, whofe apparent equity might watnp»
addition of military vigour again ft the moft defperatc aad.a&jm*
doacd. The opportunity waa now loft} nor was it recovered iae
• Yetftill the folemnity with which thefe laws were made and a
mnlged, the fevere penalties by which they were enforced, to*
fence of the royal governor, his landable attention to pref
(line, and to prevent grievances within the fphere of his
ad no inconfiderable effect. Theold Englilh were rcftraiawd,
fome degree reformed ; and the confluences appeared in the
of the revenue, and the fufpenfion of thofe petty hoftilitiea wanek-ah*
Englilh lords had nfnally maintained againlt each other. Battl
inftitotions eonld have no permanent effect, without an i "
tion refpectable by its ftrength, and conduded with that
ceflary to ftrike a lading awe into the proud and turbulent*'
Edward the Third took one extraordinary Aep with regard to
land, which was the fummoning of reprejentatives from that " "
to attend him at Weftminfler. 1 hi 3 requifitioa the bilhopa,
and boroughs complied with ; declaring, at the fame time,
were not bound to obey the King's writ, and referring to
the power of yielding or agreeing to any fubiidies.
Richard the Second made two expeditions into Ireland. in hi*
perfon ; the firft of which feemed to promil'e great effect*, rrijaai|a>i
the critical period Tor puuing an end to the diforders ^H diftreftMfe
the Irifh nation. But thefe Haltering pwfpe&s were foon dcftroja^SV
the weaknefj and vanity of the King's conduct. ,i- '
[7a bt wtimted.] . ' ^jjj
C us 3
m
■
mmAwiak*
now to give a : aim*
eew 5: tr ai we b*ve a;r<-*;iv obie. vec\
• fctl wit i icr fetoad **-■. <,c. &K*n.a/tcf
I returned in h*r with Comrnodjre Eyr n t'r-rn her firft
ewp-dm^n, 'How judicious !!•_•■,:- ilv; ipf • offi-
cer, on f'.-cli an cxprilitl-in, w»U *pe>far en iv, to i
aF, Alt el
. certainty carry Or iking uw! aiod
?vatao|e improvidence, nifnuf^jenie i
n-feo Jcfliood anJ equipped her Tor that fc: i
lo*ittr psrrativd of her i
w»g» no: ho n of her goograptn-
fe* and difficulties he* *
ing (o keep their bead.* above v. .
gh Ihe wis under the command of an officer,
>f hu cotnoilfion fuffioeiitlr atacatt .
iflQ£*l,ttm i."
Dphical enterprise a.i obliged, even from h
Co guc way to rrvitc important tojihdcraCaon* thtd.tac-
ai ntvf coatinenu * — ihofe ot preferving h
foundering, anil iYikh fami] .
rei't inttod-jction to hii jcacna] it *p
was an old fhiru that had been in I Ik fcrelce
. no means fit for a lont, towage,
>nly * flight thin ihcathirr. upen her bottom, v.
; he want of a coveting
WOuM mora <g sexually Veep out toe worm. She bad be-
ooi# - 'pi'-y o^ r.vntnon necefft tea > whilr die
jich fiic wa* to accompany, with
ilid wa> lucnifljed writh every thing tint w-o rcquil
(trout navl^uron. /■
I be iotr
i»i . «.; .. ;r:| i i .; ;> i . .v. i •- : I I ,.it .1^ i..i;..t }0
be >»• . fbroe iron,
i*l other i knew, by experience,
J be of the utoioll i; caijed tba; be
M ce^k* another v nd the world : bw- -cr
. lit was told tin
tie fervJcc (he was to perform; >f
rrquthrtfj were aHoavtc h;iw. Aeccrdii»c;iy, without,
t. r;;?. A a a#i
35*5 Kawkeiworth'j Account of the Vojagtt
art article eflentially necetfary in every voyage ; — without a Forge,
otTiron^ther wane of which we Sod. him r«peii*d]y a^nWtfiijW
regretting ^—U^th-otfC »«&, or loolsihg-glaflesy of* behde^ l©*ir '
other wares neceffwy to' the eftaolifhiug 1 friendly MeNM
wstri hidians1; — and in a vetfei that, even jn moderate tocaftfttft1
and in frrfeoth water, would fcarce ever tack witbocft tie help
of a boat* to tow her round, — he fee fail, in coropan^ tvltt'eW
Dolphin) from Plymouth Sound, on the 22dof Atlgfcft I^6W
1 On their arrival at Madeira, Capt. C. reprefenwl Srw-wW
t/jonktoCapt;Wa1iis, who fent him five hundred1 ***%**<;'
but this quantity war fo inadequate to his wanes, that srefooo
afterwards find him, even thus early in the voyage, reduced to
the neceflity of cutting off fome of his cables, to five -hi* rig-1
ging. So deftitute were they even of the moft common, bat
nectiTary and important, articles, that before they had beesV
four months in the South Sea, they were in want of log-littesY
though they had already converted all their fifhing-linos W IMF
purpofe. Happily a piece of uti tar red rope wis foond, wbic*fcd
is their fituation, was confidered as an ineftimable treafesV
The difficulties they met with in difcovering and pwQtflWttSlsV
art of reducing this rope to its original ftate of hempi ^
combing it, without a comb ; of procuring a fuceedatmnrj&f1
a comb, without a forge; and of fpinning their fMlfccfeBMiV
materials into yarn, were at length happily conquered, 'ttAaW
the aufpices of that great inftru&refs, Nsaffity. It *pp^M*#
if the Journalift had not had the forefight or pn^auttotrJto'tlaiy
the whole quantity of icwing fail twine, that bad be*r* pwt sst1
board to repair the feine, into bis own cuftody, their dttloknt*/'
in this fingk article might have proved fatal to them att. !|* lj*|'
An incident that happened while the Swallow lay utrtMii1
place is fo very chara&eriftic of the unthinking joHity-ofthesV
honeft fellows, the true EngUfe tars, that we cannot -plfo&
over without relating it nearly at fuH length. The CaptaraV
conduct too, on the occafion, Wat highly comrnenda+Jilf aW*
proper, and wc accordingly hold it up to the imitation of ^o*1
naval commander* ; fome of whom are not very remarkafrteititf
the temperate exercife of the eztenfive authority they ire 4a*S
w(h& wi.h. ■ » i'iW
• Early one morning the Captain w as informed tba*> Mi tblf
preceding night, nine of his beft men bad ftrspt llHaMfltWaf"
naked, and had fecretly fwam off for the fhort, taVmg ^r«fr
them only1 their money, Which they had fecorcd i» a nlaliiMMt1^
chief tied round their waifts • that one of them, tmhW^aVftlt11
found of thefurf, which breaks high upon thefeorei 'lUsVtjtpl
turned ;"but that the reft bad ventured through. '•' *W
"As the lofs of thefe men, fays the Captain, .wduld^baW
bem very feverely felt, I immediately fat down to -write -WhAter'
s i ••'*
ft r vo img Difimriti i* ihi Stntbtfl
Eft,
r>i
tpll.cCv.iUl. or his affiflanoe to rccmcttbtra; but>
bad northed it, he fcnt me word, that all of them hav-
«*» <o *fec great aflon1 foment of the* narivea, been fo»oi
i <* the U*c*, t>w had Heen tak i. inioeottodf, ami
wouii bt deaatvtcd tip rv my order. Tbc hail nvaj difpatcocd
i-wiiedh-ieJy, 11W aa loon as 1 heard they wore on boiid, 1 went
deck. 1 wa» fcreatiy pdeafed to fee ■ contn? on i.i
courtcajuoe^ whir'i at once iccretly derruninnj nur net
the puoiflnnrtu by which they fetr&ed molt heartily
w*iloig iv expiate tttctr tatiit ; but 1 1 Twcd Uicm whit coald ha
Jiu! awed them to quit the Oiip, anc Jrtcrr the fervict of their coun-
try, at the rifk of being devoured by flioikj, or diihed to piecca
by the fori" againft the Chore. They anfurctcd, that though.
they tud indeed at fueh riiki ventured to fwim on fhorc, tbey
never had any intention of deferilng the flvp, which they were
determined to fund by i» long aa the could I'wlm; but that
bcinjj well ntfured thej were gninj a long voyage, and none
baing able to tell who might Jive, or who might die, they
thought it bard not to have an opportunity of fpendirtg theia
own money, and therefore determined, at they (aid, once mote*
to £et a flcinful of liquor* and then fwun back to tlie Cap*
which they hoped to have done before they were nihTcd. A* I
had rt/ulvcd to remit their puniftamenr, I did not too fevcrely
faiufiftrz* their apology, which the reft of the Ihip't company*.
who f i-aod round tocm, fccroed very much to approve i but, ob-
fcf»ingtb>t with a ikinful of liquor they would have been in a
vc, edition to fvtim through the fml to the ihip* I
I them ii»at hoping they would fur the future expt>fc their
live* only upon more important occadion*, and that thetf <ob-
liajS would ther.tefurward j-.ivc mc no- oaufc i/f complaint, I
I ii for this lime be fati&ned with the fharae and regret which
perceived they miTcred from a icnfc of thctc iniib-.b-ivioor. 1
ajtfmcnifhcil them to put on their clothe*, and lie down, t*i
«**» rcntiJcru they wanted reft , and added, that u I roi£ht
ibrf« during the courfe of the voyage* ba»c occarwii for
men, J wm very glad that I ki.e-w to whom I fright
ipply. Having thus dtfmiflcd thefc honcft fc\u *o from their
i, I wi«»- inlinitel • |rta**n>d by :he murmur ot (..rl^faflio*)
laittly ran tiuougb the fliip'a company \ and wai af*
-.tarded tor my lenil being oo fen
aU ibc Coil* and dangci* of the voyage whtch th : ■
I'-xm, witi* a 'r/al and aiacrWf thnt wrre mutii to ibcir
/nj mr advtrttj^c. as in example to the fdL*
Wi relied in ».c flory of tl icfl fellow..
wH<. nc danger J of tHo Jurf, and the 0i«'«. adrted
ofdeteAiofl and adozen tafteaat th« g*0g-f Af^
fvr the fake of one good fltinfai cf liquor, aad tctun? hi
A a 2
358 HawkefworthTr Account oftht'
"'pf their cad, that .we cannot leave tbepi withQUt fpittik a
^ubrequent incident in which three of *
* joccafioh.to try the ftrength of their co
fubrequeht incident In which three of t^iis (vcry,^arty nadr^ll
occafioh.to try the ftrength of their conflitutioiib, and tcVexer-
'cifc their fwimming talents for the prefervAiioq of their fives.
"They were accidentally left op /horc, ftark naked, on the Jcfo-
late liiand of Mafafuero, where the boat, from which they bed
fwam, was forced to leave them, in a moft dreadful and ttyn-
', t peftuous night, which they were obliged to pafj there, by the
'lea- fide, without any defence againfl the rain or col J, both of
which they foon felt very fevercly, except the following very
Angular fuccedaneum for fhelter and apparel, which ncccffiiv
at length fuggefted to them. Thefc comforts ihey endeavoured
' to procure themfelves by lying one upon another, each nuo al-
ternately placing himfelf between the other two. In this for-
lorn fituation, during a long night, they had full time, we may
fuppofe, to ruminate on their former fwimming adventure, ' W
completely to expiate all that was criminal in it. The ftiip bad
been driven out to fca ; but fome of their fhipmates wereety*"
blifhed at a watering-place at a confiderable d. itan.ee nftjfoe
coaft. All accefs to them, however, through the inland Colin-
try, was impracticable. As foon as the' dawn appeared!^*
three naked adventurers fet of? along the coaft 9 but were con-
tinually interrupted in their progrefs by high fteep bluff DoWa,
which they were obliged to fwim round, at a conf)derabTt"rfif-
tance ; for, if they had not taken a compafc, they wodlti 1uj«
"been daflicd to pieces againft the rocks by the furf f wftitt'ei
the other hand they were every moment in danger of being de-
voured by the ftarks. They at length, however, torpid with
cold, and perifhing with hunger, rejoined their companions^mo
immediately fliared with them fuch clothes and provifioni'uttr)
bad, and were next day received into the {hip, on her r^tlrra,
where they appeared to be as hearty as if nothing cxtraOrduurr
had happened to them ; nor did they fuffcr any farthering-
'yenience from the accident. '**
We have already mentioned the perils and difficulties attend-
ing the Dolphin's paiTage through the ftraight of Magellan. «
thefc difhcflcs the Swallow had more than an equal thile.
When they had puffed about two months in the ftraight, Capt.
Carteret reprefcnied the unf.tncfs of his vciTel for the fiftVke
which flie was employed upon, to Capt. Wallis ; who ;cfi:d'iiot
however think himfelf at liberty to alter her dcftinattonV'Yfcy
continued therefore to navigate the iirai^ht together near, two
months longer, during which time Opt. Carteret, apprcheiijiv«
that the bad failing of the Swallo-.v would fo much retard tfie
Dolphin, as probably to make her lofc the fcafon for gcttfrigifito
high fouthcrn latitudes, and defeat the intention of t He "raS*»
Jwonofcd to Capt. WalEs to lay her up in fome cove or ba^, and
that
f*r mating Diftrvtrfoi k tbt Surf*™ J
!:im watli her :»uj!i rill j*i
•. he would retur i
■ Way
:
. | :. : .
> the
..frried 10 go Mi board (
m give up his own 10 he con
►|'e duty he would perform during I
— 01 Anitl), licueTeied Co make the !m«
U.c Dolphin, if Cap:. W. would tike the Swallow bajefc
•-:c; was ftil! ol oj nton thai
fecutrd by the two Oilp« jointly, pur fu ant to
I b»J been given.
n of the two (kips, not i •■ mouth of the
■'.a alread) related : — an accident more pet
! ilic Swillnw, if, '.-,
i ro part of their ftiurc o- the voolien cloth,
ware, *i.J to/*, wliii.li hxJ becj] put on boar.i
the D»Jpni:i lor the ufc of both, the fhips. in tl
ct been delivered to them, though ... t.
together nine nwnt
ig their companion again in the
, a», by a leeond rwa^c
■' OUJ app i
. as lud before tx-c
'men.
of lefuuno, thr Swal-
it Pacific Ocean, in .i very unfit coin
prccciJ in the fcaicb of unknown coumn. .
water arid reiYefttmentt
*ic ventured to fail to the Well ward. Hav-
h <i<- cleared w ih
Mgei .. A April, i I
I UK !>**,' i -r (Milage on:
. ire, with »0 Mitel ti >n to make the illand
i ipc^atiwi of foon getting into 4
region, li thefe rtop« however he wjj fori
. >nt. 1 » tl c fl foi three weeks expoftd
«»m*U<- r ; [tended with rain snd
pupri I melted ice, and with Inch lightning
■••** mote dreadful thin all the pif). D
| tbt with fttch *iol<nce, tlut
i nanosd u. *w #requei»tl_,
r, fo tnat they were tifien under a i
>4* biv ! by the Kurd, a.
m* their rjtkler dtaint w4\%
d-
A* j
\*v>V**.
3faf ^.-Jift((!kf^ « n.
ttfokertftoattwW^IWcfw^.of.cbe chain? pUtca Jto, the A3
foptifhowA^awl pdj*r- daj»ggei fuijained wfoiAiConM^!
paio*kiitilhP»trt#OPritfi*i-a forge, , ■, , ,|y:
The 8th of May was the firfl fair day they.had pujo^d^
tkejUe^rV /Iftciftlu.of., Magellan ; and on the 10th jjiegj
the fcQau«&of JuamFcrnandez - but oa opening CumhedfBjjB
the)rtiife(MW»^t«lh«ir great furprize and disappointment, j_
the Spaniard »were fettled there in coniiderable numbers., a^I
had buHt a lit tit town, and eiecled a fortification, aiid&rracjp,
for a gaixifon. They were- obliged therefore to direel ffyai
courfe to the neighbouring iQand of Mafafucro, which',, happily
for them, (till remained unoccupied, and where, though with
much ditakulty and danger, they procured fome refiefuaiej»tf|
of which they flood in the moft prelTing need ; but which wcrt
obtained through an almoft uninterrupted ferics of danger. ;fa»
tigue,. and misfortunes, caufed by the bad working and failing
ef the {hip, the dark and tempeftuwus weather, and hjC ^
dreadful Turf which ahnoft intirely furrounda and breaks qp^fj
theihoK. .•-'«»
. Leaving this turbulent climate, where however our. jAMMf
lift obferves that be experienced very different weatbsr, aboi^
two years before, with Commodore Byron, and having, hecj
driven to the Northward farther than he intended, being .near
the parallel of latitude which haa been afligned to twt\ »"•,«£
called St. Amlrofc, and St, Fg'.ix or St. Paul* he thougbjtlM
ihoulu prrfoim an acceptable fervice by examining whethcr^tw
might nut be found convenient for Great Britain, efpcciaU^fl
the Spaniards had fortified Juan Fernandez, if we fljpuJd hcrcj-
after be engaged in a Spanifh war. fie milled them hp.wtitefr
and attributes that circumfhnce to his trulling to the tabkscj
longitudes and latitudes *tven in Robcnlon's Elements of tfjHf
gation, in preference to Ocvn's charts. He is of opinion £h#
* thefetwo iflands are the land that Davis fell in with* i^p hia
way to the Southward from the G-iiUpago iflands, ami thai tat
land laid down in all the fea chart* under the naijie of J)ams
Land haa no extiknee;' — adding afterwards, that if ihe/c J»
any fuch place as Davit's Land, in the Ration which. ha* bejp
allotted to it in our fea charts, he ■ mutt have failed pyef^t^gr
at.leaft have feen it.' ' ,',. j..:, j
. This fruitlcfs fearch Capt. C. continued till the roi^JJe ijof
June, when, though th«y were near, the tropic, thj*. weaxhji '
was coW and hazey. At night the d.irknefs was dread/u"lVfaaJ
in the day- time the fky was io. thick that they patted many /fijf
withJlit being able to fee the fun ; which was rret only a^flf-
agreeable out a moil dangerous circurnflance : for tj&OJin fhjjf
could fcidom have the iaiisfaclion of making an obfe^vaqoa,
vet, as their fbip was io flow.a.fkUerj and they ^d ^xe/tjup
profrcQ of "a very Icmg voya*e, they were obliged to carry all
the rail thev eoufd fprcad,*even in the n»f*ht, to prevent their
£hiiig bv famine, which, with all its concomitant horroti,
ty^red to be otberwife inevitable.
Socn were the dtflretfin, and the app-ehcnfion$, with whiofi
<|rl act left arfvennirrr? in the Stoetttrv were ftrngcltng, wlxifc
tote) companions in the Dtipbim were, at
very janclure, lonurrojfly rr£al;ng on barbecued ho^s, or
txch*ogn% naiii for kifle*, with the pretty damfeli of '■■■
—while queens and the r maidi or" hontur weve gently chafinj
limb*, ind t thnr temples with well fahci
gailandi !
After paffing by a few • (line's, where they could not land or
obtain rcfrei*hr»cn:% they found tfeemfclres, on the aid of July,
ia the latitude of 1 8* &. aarHonairode l6r*VV, or about iS<
■ue» to the Welt ward of the cooft o! Arociica. 'I ntcughout
tVa »h*t!r track ihey had met with no indkationa of i cdnfa*
nene Gape. Carteret now found it a matter of nc-
ccftty to attend to a flill more important and urgent conilJcr*-
t»o than that of difcoverirg the fuppofed jtor* Avjh
waaoohged therefore to n* upon trwt i couric which
was muff likely to preserve bis vetTel and crew. He jccordinijrly
bore sway to the Northward, that he might pet .nto th;
Wind, and arrive at Ihme ifland where re frrlri merits mighr be
procured \ intending then, ir the Oiip could be put into a wro-
te it, to hate purYucd ihe royigt to the Southwjii , m
fearch of a continent; where, if he fueeectied and could pro.
PBra fufScient fupply of prowftorM, he prv < ung
the new-driecvered coift to the Sou ill the f«n IimI
crofied the equinoctial, and then to proceed heme*.
gofeitf Wei1 r>out hy the Cape or Good Hope, or sc
fey Cape Horn.
In purfuancr i>f -Hii i ■' n, they pmcrHrd Northward and
WcKward, and at length, while their iaiu'on was eccomuig
t;uuc d'fttclrtul ^nd alarming oil the i im of Auguft,
in about n» S. latitude, and 165 fcatt lor^it .dcp at break of
day, they discovered land.—' I"be fudden *rat (port of hope and
)oyvhieti »hii infplred, faya oar Journal ift, cjn c-ohi
Surfed only by that which a criminal fecb who hc^» • the cry
a reprieve at the p'aee of execution.* Tl I* IfOd proved to
be a clutter «t tflandaof which they counted feven, and to which
they (rave the name of Quttn CrW-'anVi IJUa&x. Their joy
howe/-rwaj or very inert duration.
On turning to an anchor otTotic of . da, the Mafic*
was fcnt to difcover a proper watering- pi >ce, and wa^ re.
;med by fomc of the natives, in their hoofci, which
were rcguljjly aiid neatly buitr, in the moft friendly aMbuv^u*
A a 4 v«*
'fir maiiwg Di/tv/ttr; i* tkt S*ut#r* Ht*&ftbnty He. 361
x manner. r,jjDifo^^g Jiowevec the pofiti»eviniV¥#lo*w of
$. tiancrc^ !tq. £jvc i\ij jufVcaufsjo/ offence to the ln*w»
• I , tU£t*nity violate J (he .rights of holpiuJityyby oidering'.hi*
ife, wWnad fifceWiie been regaled with him,- tojcuvjtorn
inipg^qcoa-nuf tree; infilling, on the execution. ififo&b
J\utwithftart'ding the difpieafure which, his bofts^ftrohajy
J oji Ujc uct^fion. This rafti fiep brought on boftitiftes
lae^'vvjrri ,ibc moil ferious confec-uences : To that thefirft
pcrfph whom Capt. Carteret particularly noticed on th* return
p£ jhe boat, was the "M after, with three arrows fticking io his
body, and mortally wounded ; accompanied with fever* of his
Beft men, likcwlfe wounded, and three of them too, mortrdly.
After this unfortunate event, an end was put to all expecta-
tions of refrefhments from tho fhore; where Qur Voyagers bad
'the mo'iilkation of feeing hogs and poultry in great pleMy, to-
gether with cocoa-nut trees, plantains, bananas, and a variety
'of other vegetable productions, which would foon bavc reflated
them to the health and vigour which they had Jcift by the, fa-
tigues arid haidihips of a long voyage. No friendly intcrcoMrfe
with the natives could now be expeded * and they were, not in
a fituation to obtain what they wanted* by force* Even «hc
water which they got here was not procured, without Swinging
the (hip's broad fide to bear on the watering-place; on. both
fides of which, they found themfelves obliged regulaily to Art
' lier great guns, during the whole time they Itaid here, into-ths
wood which clofely fkirted it : their cutter at the fame *tmc
being ftationed clofe to the beach, and keeping up a .coniiant
fire of fmall- arms, in platoons. - tn)
During this whole time, the Captain himfelf was dangerouflf
jll, his Matter d)ing of his wounds, his Lieutenant alio very il'i
and the Gunner, and thirty of bis men incapable of duty. #»
owo recovery, and that of his Lieutenant, were very doubtful)
and there was not a iingle individual in the {hip, except them-
selves, capable of navigating her home. Notwithstanding what
had pafled, he would however have made an effort to recover
the good will of the natives, had he been provided with anyar-
tKles with which he could hay-e gratified, them. On the otter
hand, he was not in a Situation to rifle the Jofs of any more, of
the few men who were capable of doing dujy, againft thefe war-
like iflanders, who difcharged their arrows in platoons, M regu-
larly as the betl difciplined troops in Eurppe> tie iherflfom>-fe-
luftantly, weighed anchor on the 17th* and as he was not r& a
condition to purfue his plan of going to the. Southward*; Ind
dreaded led he ihould lofe the monlboo, he immediately froered
Northward, hoping to refrefli at tbc country which Damper
has called Neva Brjfatiniq* , -, > :
Pa
ftr mtihz D'>f**tTm h
Aril
W-.
On r ; made tl :
thcrtu^ nn
n .Mi
to wtv
rVr'orer-
*
'■lit,
. : the day, i
liicc their Oicr^sh by a
re refhexm', iu a
. and
aixJ re eU-fclUtK-d -
i, an September 7, Opt.
!->*«-: I ■■'■.:: n of thta country, with iK its iJUii 1, ice.
fin 4 board,
which wae «i 0 Engliih L'cwb,
*j n ifec Btrnc of i!i: fliip,
y'r. ovef :h -. I aft* men tic • .i, witboac
railing the Kc^dtr'a attention to a very fcogular train oi crcutj
wi 1 r. ft will rloabi left appear ;o 1 -tra-
ofdtnarf Icfiea ef 1: !*ir»f,
ikiu;.'iifiv il ■ . :"hauld% itbojc
.>fccr*ar<U, in ihc COW c o. . ■ o the
Wide AA-i or.frtcjucnrrd expanfe of the Southern Ocean, c^ft
anchor eti fr lu-.iit or" this vcrr :fl in* ■ — fliould b. under in:o
5 fa tie* cove; — amd what is perhaps1 Rill
re extraofdin d Itun.Me on thit very board, or in*
ka#rn pJttc us :nlcn;?:ion ; it wo mitre*
TBtmVi iv !, it had hrrn labcO down, by &.r || . .1 its
fanner coc>lf>icuous htustion, nod waa accidentally round buried
, by one of :11s (aik>:a, wh.te lie was kxiltiug for lea
m of conhnceneiet wo no ;> the re-
!ar irain oi accidents* the meeting of M.
Jk>u^a>'nvtlle'« andCipt.C " , hi :.c Ocean,
on j in hoirx, iibokt k 1 loath* after tuc liuict
ha
furor of the defects of the Swallow, and the diftrcfes
of thiiV on board Iter, were relieved
V3 a, that Capt. Carteret obferrtt there ww
too mu'.n reetbn lo fui'pofe cfc of -li oa bouU de-
pended on their 0 Battvia, wiii'e the rnonfoon COfltt-
nt ..-from the Krftward. Tit c wa> (till indeed, he
1 ofcftef*rtf, an Mime fiifictcnt for any other fbip to hive
run three limn the citUiict \ but he knew there WM force lul-
ftrn Ki'oim it. m her prefritt eon-
4,uat\ : and yet, 4 if we lhou'.d hi , he adds, to <on-
xk< on, it v i:ipoiGbIe
tp navigate hrr j< j. ;' ai tht- *orrn .iod,
have e*lcn tbivu^n bcr bgltoai, whiU hid bu; . tli-
364 HawkefworthV Account oftht Vojagtt
ing/and that not filled with hailr ; bcfidcs that their,
wotold long before that time be totally expended.
Not 'being able, in confequence of contrary winds and Ct)i
to follow Dampicr's track, and to get round the point or* mum
called Cape St. George, which forms the Eaftern entrance of w4iat
that navigator fuppofed to be only a deep bay, and which 'M
called St. Gtorgfs Bay, Capt. Carteret foon found himfelf dew
engulphed in it, and was fortunately drivm$ if we may ufe the
expreffion, into a difcovery that this fuppofed bay was a redf
paflage or ltraight, to which he gave the name of St. Gitrgfi
Cbantttly dividing what was formerly called Nova Britannia intty'
two iflands ; the nor therm oil of which he accordingly diftin-
guifhed by the name of Neva Hibtnia *.
Having cleared this ftraight he almoft daily had {Hands in
fight, and particularly, on the 15th of September, in about the
latitude of 2* South, and longitude 140 £, difcovered a clurW'
of between twenty and thirty, of considerable extent, and at'V
very inviting appearance, to which be gave the name of 'the'
Jdmirakj Iflandsj ' one of which in particular would alone' MK
at large kingdom.' The numerous Indiana whom he hȣ
hitherto met with in this courfe, were nearly black, with wooltj'
beads, and behaved in the molt- hoftile and ferocious manneSrl^
bat on the 25th (September) having kept nearly in the Grow
parallel, and proceeded only about eight degrees farther' W3
the Weft, our Voyagers, who faw men and mariners tffx
variety of ihapes, were accofted by feveral canoes furl of ft$'
Inhabitants of three iflands ahead of them, who differed very1
much from the laft in their appearance, and (till mare in'thwj
character and behaviour.
Thefe friendly and fociable beings were of the Indian copper,
colour, and were the firft of that complexion whom our Voy-
agers had yet fecn in thefe parts. They had fine long 1bhCat>:
hair, and little beards, which they were con (randy plucking by
the roots : their features were pleafing, and their teeth remark*''
ably while and even. They came on board without the leaH';
appearance of rear or dtftruft, and were as familiar and merry1'
with the crew as if they had been long and intimately ac*J
quainted with them. Their vigour and agility were fuch, that"
they ran with eafc up to the mail head much fatter than trWr'
people of the (hip. They parted with the cocoa-nuts they had '
on board with the greatcft joy for a few pieces of old iron, sad'
(hewed that they were not unacquainted with that metal, wfa£cif;
* Id a critique on tbenrefent performance noticed in this Month's
Review, Capt, Carteret 11 affirmed sot to have been the frft di£
toverer of this paflage. 6ct the fubfequent Article,
fsr mall*f% Difimnn it lbs $t*tk*m Hmjfcltrtt <*f . J9$
they called Per rem \ aw king tbc Swallow's people uiuletiand,
like t»C*I» focDCticfCI Iimi hnl i( ihrit
n ent*.T-* I gave one ol their, Up Capt« Car*
c p--coc» of an old irbu bocp, each l
i (hart of dilution :
fjmpaikizc in his joy, nor oburvc, without
ciiange* of countenance, :<mt . c
-fture, by which it waj cxprdled.'— All of tbem. he a<*'d*,
apewrid to be marc fond of iron :(un an? of the Indiana I
. .thf and he wi« certain ihat for iron t
futile pa-chafed every thing, upui the iilanda whitn
ibtj cou)d have hrotight away.
Capt. C. with great reluctate fubmittcJ to tfce ncceffiiy he
m elf urxirr, of denying the urgent rcquelfc of ihefr
nt& (bit he would go on (hoie, and which t
.m equal mil tt\
pcof ic bchijid, as pledge* tor the fare return of him *n4 hia
I'auKjm. Our ot them vtjj fo fpnJ ot hi* nrw fcurocv
'.tmatcly iefut«J to return ojr flaorc with
~nd Capt. C. rcadil) indulgt ijk-
d him be learned thi
lofthtmnlf the iiiti*uitiii;i of which, lie
» znd a I way i killed hit enuntrymen, when they
out at fca. From hit eaci o with
irw guett Joarph Freewill, and
upk t>y giving it to tt:e largcli of the three
' ^ of which he drew a chart, from the Indian'* dcicria*
icJii of them with etiulk on the Quarter- deer.
-tely. aft'et the) had been fonie time at lea tbc poor
fej>OW gradi* ii/ became tickle, And, 10 Cnpt. C/l great regret,
it to the Dutch iOand of Ccicbca, abooc
thicc mo.it u after V; firft comir^ on board.
At **/M,iifti>, vr Philippine UUnds, which our Voy-
ages tlDH on tie a;tti of Ociobrr. &c\ anchored
inber ; an: rnaoert appeare :a be in
io toward* their receiving rerrcilunt
i ever the* were oahr*ed ti>
.uiKc -A fevcraj bundled*; of a{itw<J
rrtic • :, long {pears, bows and arrows, and
i to were thai accouti tfltOUtf
fed, by the Dtrtctt, or tbeil partizaru ".d,
c with the inhabit!
voyage is rathci
-.e i?:-i of UrtmhU'
retlea were ...riYetf at a very . .. i 1 lie
0«
a
tii
■
oi
as
t<j
™u
inoufoor
waa impoJ
cur-
if dip tu tf.
fo tu '
j66 .H*wtetw*r&'f/fctou*t oftfcffatP
£at*via "vthcy were now obliged to wait,, Somewhere ,, tiJl,#e
, acUtf n of the Eaitcrn monioon, and the fhiiiinc of tbc.£urTt,n>
fit this time there was not one individual in the &ip£rce/r#m
fhe fcurvy : ihcy had already buried thirteen of iJjcir. cjjfly,
and no kls than thirty more Uy at (be point; of. death. fit aJL^*
petty c-fikers were among the lick, and the Captain z^|ii
Lieutenant, who performed all duties, were in a feeble condi-
tion, it was impoflible that they could keep the lea much longer, i
do chance remained, therefore of preferving thofe who were fUjX
alive, but by getting on (bore at fume place where reft and re*
freihment* might be procured. Opt. C. therefore proposed,
as he was now again got to the South of the line, to attempt
to reach Macaffar% the principal fettlcment of the Dutch on the
iihind of CUlebu \ the fanflum fanilorum of the fpice i (lauds- . .
Two days however previous to the forming of this refolutiop,
their danger and diftrefs, which feemed fcarce capable of aggra-
vation, were augmented by an event sh unexpected as it .was
alarming. In the dead of the night they were fuddenly at-
tacked by a pirate, who firir, as if acquainted with their .weak*
tiefs, attempted to board them. The fuddennefs of the attack,
in (lead of intimidating or confounding them, itemed to roufc
their fpirits, and they inftantly difconccrtcd him in this defpq-
rate nunccuvre. He then j>lyed them brifkJy.with what thejf
iuppofed to be fwivel-guns and final) -arms, by which the- Lieu-
tenant and one of the men were wounded, and fome of the r Jgfting
Cut. They foon however returned his falute with fuch ftttffc
that on a fudden he funk, and all the unhappy wretches on
■board pcrimed. They knew that this attack proceeded frosaa
fmaJl vefll-l, which they had feen in the duflc of the evenings
but of what country, or how manned, it was impombleVtor
,thcm to know. ..,.,
On the fixth day after this accident, they made the ifland if
Celebes, and anchored about four miles from the .town of Afar
tojfar. Here, though in the midft of plenty, and in the po£
of an ally, they might neverthclcfs have peri (bed, through tip
jealous and narrow fpirit of the Dutch mercantile policy in (heft
parts, had not Capt. Carteret extorted relief from thefe wary
and rcmorfclefs tiisnopoliztrs. of nutmigs^ by his determined
and fpiritcd conduct. The anecdote is fufficiently interctting,^
induce us to relate it at fome length. , .. [wffu
In anfwer to an application made by Capt. C. to the Croireb
nor, difplaying the manifold diftreilcs under which he arc: Jus;
crew then laboured, and rtqucfting immediate flicker IJM jS
frcfliments ; he received from him a peremptory order not..*©
come nearer to the town, but inftantly to depart} and f<w£jty
ding him either to anchor or land on any part of the coaftthst
was under his jurifdi&ion. After expostulating vitti..th$ tju
envoyi
fir mailni DjtrKrm fo Hit Swtbrrn Hmrfihri, &c. $67
ys <*Ji otv. er, 01 itn»iirf j* and utjwftic;
*tw
Wt!
1 J
lien Ik *ivJ i
wh%t they I11J alt
!y nl'ow
[j, * .u I' wind Would 1
defer ^orcr, go and a- choc
-cfefe t<» 1I1.- t«wn ; — in.n if it Ia\i he Ihvuld fmdhirnfclr unable
to camp 'I rbem ro comply wich icqoifitiuiis^ the ivafbnal
of which could not be controverted, ho would run tl-
•ground u : id after felling the Inn of ifaofc
on boa: .' s« they could, would * bring upon c&ctn the
<1 ? having reduced a friend and ally to (b diciehbl an
e*:.'erni:y ' — The two deputies were liar tied at tV tion
■»d C'ap't. C*rtrret, at length, in conference oi the
ciHiCatFea, ton fen ted tc remain where he wa?, up
that he heard from the Governor before the fea bicexe let i
01
■y the rctt morning the Swallow's people had the 1
->n to fcc two i)o3D3 of war, with a great nun.bcr af \.
•1 rd, co-i: c town, and tni lereaeopf
The fa brccsc however fetting in about r.o-;.% Cine
I -ret, no* having )et heard frnm the Governor, pe^sred'to
in execution. He ace >
tinder fail, and proceeded towards the town. The 1
in and tbexnfclvcs, did not oprcfe him ; y*
be wu deiermincd tn icprci'a fence br force, as far aa he was
*cd their anchor* likewife and accoai
Mm.
1 Very foon ifteT ibey hnd got ender fail, a handle reiTe],
ic other ci'il ofiecu and gentlemen
.1 ip to them. On i.
C*.< Ltd. The/
hi
cir 1 having gotunoVr f-it, JtvJ .ifked
c irtcty
■
1 '
■ .
■ .lone. * i told th
t h j : .
. day c-.foce 5 I
. . .
1
n, either by ibipwrecfc, fickncfl, or famine, 9
. ' •:*.- cp to :\'. : wall*, md ci c corr-
urri'h the 1 vrc won?
• on ft .
I 1 " r
'.•'..■'
3*» HtoMvonWs Account if ft} FffiffiVti
of'fcn aVfi who aflcejf noting but pcrnS&oa %' fy
vii\k their inbhey.*
" Tlic Cbvernor's commifiaries, as a ' prbpf that thef*'ia'pk% '
at Icaft, admitted the juftice of his claim, produced ^fo]|i<|l!
axi'/Jf ready killed, and a few fowls, with fomc vegetable^ and
fruit, which they had brought with them. ' Thh faiall but,
welcome fupply was divided among the people ; but, to tap'tr,
Carteret's great disappointment, the delivery of it was fucceedcl'!
by that of a fecond letter from the Governor, in which he was
again ordered to leave the port ; and the feverity of the injunc-
tion was juftified, or rather palliated, by a recital of the very.
direCt and pufnive orders of the Dutch E. I. Company, relating
to foreign fhips, and from which, he pretended, he could hoc
deviate. *-^
The altercation was now renewed, and Capt. C. again fc-J
peated his former fpirited declaration ; at the fame time, in«?s^:
der to enforce it, (hewing his guefts the eorpfe of one of. hit,,
crew who had died that very morning, and whofe life, he ofen
ferved, night probably have been faved, if refrefhmeou ha^,'
been granted when bis veflel firft cane to an anchor upon their^,
coaii. His arguments and fefolution put them to a (land ; an4c
Capt. C.„ having convinced them that be bad not, as they bofa\
to- have fufpe&ed, been among the fpice iflands, mattera wetfe..
at length accommodated* and they agreed that he fhould go td^:
the Bay of Bonthain, about 30 leagues from Macaflar, wharfr ■
he might be furnifhed with provifions, be fhekered from th«r v
bad monfoon, have liberty to ercft an hofpital for bis fick, vA.-
fhould be there confidered as being under the protection of the
Dutch nation. On an aflu ranee that he fhould next day re*-,
ceivc a confirmation of the prefent engagement, from the Go-
vernor and Council, he confented to remain quiet till then in
his prefent ftation. This ratification arrived at the time ap-
pointed, and on the following day he failed to the place of hit •
deftination, where he remained about five months (but attended
all the time by two guard-boats) recruiting his fliip's company^,
repairing the defecls of his vcfTcl as far as was there predica^Ie^,
and waiting for the Eaftern monfoon to carry him to Bauvia^
for which place he failed on the azd of May. " n|ili
The mi fad ventures and diftrefles attending the Swallow nttftj ■,
begin to draw towards a conclufion ; though they cannot Jp,,;,
faid to have terminated till her arrival, on the 3d of June, at,,,
Batavia : an event, on which thofe on board her had abuty? »
dant reafon to congratulate thcmfelvca; as, during the w(joJe -u
of their paflage thither from the ifland of Celebes^ the fhip. adjo
mined fo much water by her leaks, that it was not without t^et.-.;
utmoft difficulty that they could keep her from finking, wjthti
two pumps conftantly going* H«c this aged and rotten Veflel
w.«i
DaJrymyloi lam „ Dr. ^MNAh &f
wn -i:.-hrj ap, i- i covered wi::i j new :lic»ihing ; jnJ C*Pt.
uftniB fcer fitxn her.ee on the i s?H of September, catcr-
aJD|tt bopct t^ltt Ihc mi^bc convey Ji.m -.
t opinion,
ThU !< jckllj die pcifoimof , coovc;
Cipe ol Good Hope on (he 2J»:h of November, ar.d
• with (Vic aJvADU^ci cf in c wcaihcr, and a con*
-rowghout their whole paffige, to Sp^LheaJ, on
tOc 20ih ol .Vfjrch fol lowing.
[7*« *V tmtl*4.-iin $»r K/*t.)
A»t. VI. *f Letter frm Mr. Dairy aid 3c n f>'. Haw!cef*ocib, *r*-
Jkmi by jime gtmtmilt/i la*! iUiUrmi Jm/ssatioju ;'* hj J<€smju afttx
U$t tr^n r* ifrtS*ajk, 4iix it, No«rfe. 1773-
Or" the nun)* critfct wbo hire aJdrcficd the EJitor of the
South Sea Voyage*, on ihr f .inject of that publication,
the Author of the preicnr pe form&nec f-ctm to be the c
of humour with that Gentleman, anJ to hair taken the greater*
in pointing out the blrmifhc; svhich he hai oofc
hW r n. He appears to hair been incited Co this un*
deflating on the finding binfelf * mentioned by name,* m the
3d Volui . ift edit. and page;
2d <■ '(Z*^> * hy i/i^av
<Soaired to fupport in his former publication ,
^c iccma rery unwilling cvetj y<X to abindoti.
He <1 if ne himfelf, In ihr prefen: adiirrf*<,
to 'the mere detection of the Editor's <rrc:$, and to the defence
uf hi? own fpeculai :ijus on the fu , J ol the fuppofed
So%thcrn coni.r^nr. ' Tnc ilt-hutnyjr which breathe! through*
.* confideiabJc part of ihis |d an to hive been p:w-
cipa 'I by more miportjnc ai -fling eoi ! ;
v outlet he gii itne dark hiflu ol * ait
inrT' oh prevented him from "going In inl-
and which, he doubt* nor, * has iincc pre/cntcd Mr. HanVF
front' grmtg in rhe .' he complains of the rife
nian, * in depriving hrm of the ornnaod of the ftup he hid
age, en pretence thithe had not been hied
■ft the jetj-al m Fie clofe of hii letter, he feetM
Wc c/' nsrrwnirxud miff,' by Which
J ("rom umphcaint t ■■ . •
■
theie charge* hbwevc-,we muft obfec
Icarc, it oj; udkor of the
be in any degree ta&rcftcd.
37o .vAdrfpdbifc'f Ufa to Eh\ 4toNfahk*iJ*
* -.Thff igySate* paiftifl tfcis ^QxpIUrt irfiln3V^pi*nrUlrt«*l(
Utfroeai proofs Or prcfurhptibwiijtrinriftcrf *rtun the- Au**#¥
former publications* «r t*eduted-*rcra certaifl<«ircetaftMetsj'lfe&
lated in Or* Hawkefworth a compilation j from- zlhivtfctuMt?
D. ftill irtfers- * tbatet$aktbe¥n tontiiunt does- ts$i ^*UndarMJS
ftanding-tbe many pofitions for the poiftble feinref the -fatf Aj}»0
pofed continent* that have been fwept away -by the rrackt^of^M'
late circumnavigators, and particularly of tee left of thc«pvgFef4
tbefe wc mult refer the Reader to the pamphlet itfelf ;ai werf
as for a (bore remark on fome incongruities obfcrvable in the
plates j and for the inftances which the Author produces of Dr. '
H.'s fuppofed negligence and inaccuracy in fome particulars,*
■where the narratives of the rcfpe&ivc voyages, and the charts •
that accompany them, eflentially differ frcm each o.her. • ■'■•.
Mr. Dalrymple afterwards, juftly enough £8 to the matter-
though but reprehenubly as to the manner, animadverts on the;
Dr.'j very extraordinary aficrtion, in the dedication to bis -Ma1^
jefty, that, ** in little more than feven years, difcnveriei htaeo
been made far greater than thofc of all the navi^atqrs ia'febsi
-world collectively, from the expedition of Columbus to the peoi
feat time."— — Sach, however, is the language in which jKinjrt i
have been accuftomed to be add relied, from time iramemoriaL<**q>
Mr. Dalrymple, ncvcrthclcfs, very indecently fuppofes that (he
Dr. * has read, in the Child's Quirfe to Geography, that Aside!
r!ca was difcovcred by Columbus, and the Edit Indies by VifceH
de Gama,' and that he imagined that this meant, * jiot-tfae^
firjl difcovery, but the whole difcovcry ;' and he ia at thq.paia|^
to read -him a lecture on the occafion, in which he recitu the
various and important difcovcries made both in the Eaftefa a-pi
Weftern parts of the globe, not only after «* the expediti&f
but after the death of that great man. tie tells the Dr. Hk«\Mt
that ' fome of the important difcovcries, which bhzon his*MaV
jefty's reign, were known before ; particularly fpecifying*' 9PHP
straight between Atav Guinea and New Hol-and, puffed by tfai
Endeavour; the Charlotte IJJands ; and the channel through-M**1
Britain, called St. George's Channel* by'Capt. Carteret.*- -\ ttte
Tlie Hiftoriographer of the South Sea expeditions has thot^hp^
this attack fo far worthy of his notice, as to annex to. tfcefiPO'l
cond edition of the Voyages, now publifhing in Weelc^'Noer*'^
bers, an additional preface, folely appropriated to his defeats**
againit Mr. Dalrymple's criticifms and imputations. Wfctv&e*'"
gard to the palTages above referred to, in which Mr. D. cod**"
plains of having been attacked by implication, &c. the-Dcjdl3r
fausfaclorily exculpates himfelf; and further declares, thar Tft><<:
opinions delivered in the parages complained of, relating to tee'-'
exigence of a Southern continent, and for which he is-Mrter*
znfwerabk by Mr. D. \vc:c ncrt fcificd in by him'} but'arcih*
fcmimcflts,
MaoteV ffy*f •//«, A* Mr m AVao Amnim. 37 1
\y and even tV very won*-, of Capr. Cooee\ and wrrc
na ftom that oficer** journal. For t*e few
t.ij remarked by Mr. f>. ber*rcn rhe cfe»r*t and the
hr likewtfo dtdatn hneklf no', refponf^k; th*
inv. been lati down hr^e fcveial commanders, w
raws, hu partxiontion ; nor dtr* he fee feveril of t*ttn nil the
bank wci aartnted ofv Wuh regard to the oe*f?r oSje a» of Mr.
■ .'rm^e't cribcifo abownJludtd to, he o&fcn'c* a v«f
Throojrhoat bis tnfoerthr I
cJtitt, it general, in a vein of carctcfr preafj-
!t prtrec> e**11* bumour; »nr m<»»e .J.^ieVi prr-
hani O be accounted for, than the .11- humour of h
|M>imc\) CorTrfpo"i$rnt. On (!*• whole, ikow
grille to the juiheeof Mr. Da^rympte'f »[>nx'ni and criiirfffiu
in every particular, we cannot decently wnaaVeYpfer
aekttOfrie^mentj to him, lor bavtr»jr, in ( .:• -xtjff
on* ban .: J treble portion of the nytfl dttgreeihle :
isnrtdioos part of the tate of a Reviewer-, 10 that,
rneauu, we ate left it fcifurc to dwei" on the trtore aprerafeU9
and intcrrftm* parte of the performance which he h
rpontanroitfH- sad rnin-jtely CftrKufcd.
g^ Ax the time that the preceding article wn draws-
Iota which the literary world b« fjii. h ol Dr.
Hajwkrfwo/'n, nm tine ennvm to the Wr 1 w of t
-^_^_
Att.Vll TO* mjhrytftkf UttWtr r* /»/* AatrVnr, -*>■... J . .i
FafaWr Mojtfi)%i Jawae hmmht. Sanir, ^i~ill*nt
be Mtjie of tie If .h'xntOt aid Mayor ot" j ttr^ide
- paagu of i;o$. ,co. 1 1. in. Od. Muaida. Cade it.
rTT^HE ftM/ity o( our Amrrirtn colorsee* Having been the*
It var, a full and well connected
narrative 0/ th= military opetatwns on that part of the gtulse,
. in all ptobability, ptov; very acceptable to :lie rmrUlh.
Reader; and nature certainly pit.i-t.ifcs hsprr
t rooai ttoc pe 0 ot a caMkwan who was actually nftgagoal in rtie
frrvier,rfcun frtam Qor, u tdcfrabnag facb a
worn; in (he roottwr covntts, wttf.oat the local Itans
iMinfuyti rr— lH mm ni.unlL- or4n rca \j any *
take.
Ttmrtjuntjof iiai» iuG and prof«rc--s war, are fo tcce:
ihnt ?etr li;tl« laeiir itrfornvatiori n 10 t«e cxp> 'd
to tkc nta^i circuoaOaaa* 1 flc -q.;cwiv% and ihc <6ddi:r witb
wh»ta tie r.^nu .are reiaicd, u*.i;, i-er.*:cre, be :bc principal
kk 177 j. o^;-
3?£ Mwrtfc ^Myhtfirfg.^^^A'ft^*1^^
hv^ijtjc^.wjta.i-ho fyynch.in Iwiji Amefjfia^rin a-(aur&4ctory
manner, and-Ud^he Reader through la pircyn^tiaHt^artfi RirfW^
tainidg Retail ot the military- operations* -bqth tj)crcv,ffn>l rtfli&*
\V dwindles, to the -tud of Lh< war ; togeibef wah:ivy*>ftityjir
qiitiu campaign* againft the Indians,— -as the title-, p*ge. i^fe?
ru.Hcs. In this- undertaking be acknowledges the aGilAa#c«i<]ft
Received from feveral principal officers employed ■ 1 > the difererrt
fervices, by the communication of journals and plan*, yjipfd
plans arc indeed a valuable illuftraxion of the hiitory* as MQ%
only exhibiting the difpolition of the forces la the feveral attacks,
but as thvy arc alfo maps of the feveral countries, fo far ai re-
lates to ihe moft important fecmrs of action; countries .wjjtfj
which we were very imperfectly acquainted before ch^y, Wire
trjverfcd by -our victorious armies, it will not however e&ipc
obiervati^n, that the work has been unneceflarily ex beaded, ,w,irti
minute lilts of the forces employed at each place, whicK^j^ca^
to have beco literally copied from the refpc&ive JQUina)ls«dtat
which,, in fuch a compilation as this, migh* have admitted >pi*
more fummary mention: this is the moic dila^recablu, _,a> fdfch
nmftcr-rolls appear to have no merit, in a public view, afct* JfcO
inimediatc occafioo is p.ift. . ;:.. cuvb*
The Author has added many ingenious obfeTvatfO$to*j|4
pertinent remarks, fuggefted by the tranla&ions rocited,*. wfetffc
appear to flow 1'ioin a clear and ample knowledge ttf hi.Vjfl9tf
t illuii, and of tbc country in which the feveral event* jirgfa ,
He. is not awed from .palling a free centurc on aoy,;Qajr.jpkJjuj J
niii'maaagement of affairs or on the wrong behaviour r.oi/\iji\o
viduals, where the occafion called for it} and weconfeft^
it was with fome pleafure we faw him undertake 4he flerfflr^uf, \
olnce of defending the memory of the unfortunate General lEtjr^li I
dock ; who, after falling ac lead like a man of fpirit, by «(ffl
bands of ikulking favages in America, had his tbara&erjriojflft
ill treated by his countrymen at borne. The particular^ B^rjji*.
rate were well known and much canvaned'at the time, a ^4 l$ta
Mante thus animadverts on it : .:[\ < v#
* Few Generals perhaps have been fo feyerely qenfccvMM
any defeat, as General Braddock for this. But *{ fv/fi foSft
ourfclvcs coolly and impartially to confider what wete ^ral^g^*
bability the motives that influenced him on this ocoaftpn,flW
may, difcover in them fufficient reafon to acquit him -of :$fcc^kr
conduct with which he is charged. To lighten thr.turMf iMb
who, with all then faults, it mult be allowed, fell Wave Jy*i"? *
talk fo incumbent on humanity, that, independent of, reyt&tjft
as an hiftoriaa to invert igatc and record the tr-uih* t ms>y ^ft?
le*c to oppote »
, ..!,•
I .
• .
t muft have I
:i»tk enough T
i! ttjuft b.. J, lint Genei
.ill could rot hare hec
fciate Mm wholly r
*o»i f i tenced Li.
I iftfatvetr: 'rtrAfl
bred fof the d
.rrs which were "iveti to him by I I mgJ
IftfttecV ph*e ; a''. tl rr
pf\Xccl$: * It h*9 been affrrted thai Gr;;
in dirccl COntradi&on to theft inflrtjeltom, lei or.
wtihe it j, or JcTK,il tj
imtltft ihr c.Hirrrry. But f have at: thorny ro a« m tt^r
Hil flankiftg p
tfrfttft fn by the enemy, and no detachments were made c. rl
anccd guard to repel the attack on its flanks. I
been made i:» pro -, they mcfr <
M .we beaten off thcenem). Th;i \»*s by no iwafiriho
I: ; /or the advanced g ntt> eoru'ofW I
. <>Mto that t^cGerjen! eonM fend h* orders to
icion wh« our/ic 10 have been done without
orisVffs from him. Had it rot been tor rl *rt irlSe:
rSceonftfTton, {laughter, »nd fl;»hr, we have b
tave bad to refl or" the tHunitihwu rnt
Ko*t On Qinrfrtc * : h!» re. ; i
-. and from rtie ftters be procliic
■cttfjr, who commanded that fort, » *<- i t<? him
lory over ttcojw, to whom a few he
« ludc* the
\ c br«fO •■
... • ■ .
■ft
■
of Ibe dVae! wert? crcat*:
iiiny from p: irt* ring i i( i »h
■ '•••: ■■ -' i ;
■ - fudcVns U ■ >
■itrrxr^t irrty fc
-it, Ihetru: c
/;
9 Z
i
ft c-xtv-
IfcO'
not always b« -'dattravste^Awft^^
c*rc*p*ant*ri teabcw .J-., v. ,u alZ TaniV'T
-Wt***mg the fewwiiVuwafsful ^jWh.u tVttjt »?
.fu^frmWCrfOd^ am .AuCfeorJluJte* to t^wsW remarWffl
* ^trrgltmiwl France never contended for a greater prize,
sWtetyt' wfcen-fo- attain the crown of either kingdom was the
(£)e£r *6f 'their armament*. — To form An eflirnate of ihcju^
Wlue ©f-thw conquer, we muft not alone conftder what Great
Britain- ha* gained by it, What the 'trench, might have cc-
tji>ire*fte«i«quAJ fjixcfs ought to have the greatest weight hi
rtttcilcAtfen. - Had viciory inclined to their fide, the cohci-
nent of which the Englifh now enjoy the dominion, would at
thfy*F^^-otediene to the* Jaws; ani this would Strengthen'
■yjttilt6<iidi:a4e*roe, as to enable them to feijie on the Hri'tifb
dJ^tbevWeft Indies. Were they pofieflal of thefe, lltlfc
TrtYY'Ae' coral ruin of Great Britain muft be t^he confcquei.ee.
'i^ohrinent ©t North America, and the ijlands in the Weft
-IrW1es'ioVrivc ftorn each other a mutual fupport, and a found
4toHcy-wouW cauic the riches of both to center in Great Bri-
j: *:If in a war which has terminated fo honourably to this na-
tion, fbldiors merit reward for patiently enduring every Ipccics
bFdiftrefi, and encountering every danger with the moll rc'aSy
" oketHerrct,- Britain never bad an army whofc claim to her favour
Jsflid orbfe&ion was fo;juir,«a that which ferved in Anieric.*;
: and though 4h« bad been moftined with repeated1 accounts of
'dfffcracefW checks, her .general officers* and not her foWieiS
". "^ena thecaufe of them. , it mull becorifefled, that it wasadrf-
^Ifrutrtifk to furmocuu the numerous obftaclcs which obftfu3cJ
' ~the bufiiiefaof every canspaign ; bm when, Britain had a mirnftcr
■wha could diftinguiah abilities,.. rbcfe difficulties in lomc degrrei
*Vanifhed* -Firmnefs in the ooturnarulcr in criiei turmountrJ
■ fcvery opposition, and the views of General A mlut it oeing i
■ fcrrcd^oihe acquiring honour to his matter's arms, and the put-
fliSng-a: fpeedy period to the expence and horrors ofyvar, they
* 'were happily crowned with .that fuccct;, which fuch
and difinterefted views, joined to the mall irreproa&'ibie
^■'mia, gave every Britilh fubjefl the beft grou/jd'eo' t$Wh& to
■NttpecV • ,, M.
' h is not practicable, on account of" the length of 'rricwi-
l'!' tions, to fried any of the (leges or aflions as fpeciinens of &■'
" performance j we muft therefore concent ourfelyts with arVothci
' extract, containing a rctrofpc&ive view of the conqueft. of'ihe
Ha\ahnat by which we may conceive the many harJftipsD0?cf-(
'' ' COOic by the (tcady pctfcwMJtc oA %ut brave counujrtft^ at
tbe
1 >rf to fuMlitute, prcwtd * w
iJfelfcflWy to give iLiSiltt
\]mvt9i H$Jw7»fthfUu War im X*lh Annum. 375
nnot but 1 unrrit wtien occaSon caflb
* virtue* "***> Ivvetr aU;*l
.. MlMr'flHI I - the 13A of Aapiftw** iwport-
>*t $W, ■.giifh in killed, wooded a*w ,jUor>cja»
cd, two thbufind Ictci> h it n-ired and 6 ■;
HitioVy'^Whipi dott raoc record a fiege v»»fe fuck; *
to rcurd lUe ■pp*oakfe% a> wfcu. uicadod
of the Mofo-Caftle. Not oeuytbore *,» Caret a
of tHc imtndei bitiuir*, fcjt ;&k ^utung
btndr , :■■§, the raft qoanity oM»Wa«,
work o* i:i!;ut:c
y and n-..
>e ottajped bat by Icraicbi-'
. r-iYtyck», ai » great diitance froea iUc f^ 1
- XJ*d.
1 T? of the provrnow brought from En£?a»J
ic heal of she clirrwie, toe molt u'|JtrcJ5nj;
campaign, waj the fc-ircity 0/ water
t-aft caoU^uc of hutncL-: -"It >* tfc"
C/ii ( ' . 1 foon caufeJ ihc KWfac to f*cll, «xtcnJ itfclf
rfc a* in a irate oi moahSsanort;
•1c frame became a prey to the nwft excruciating
Icath it length intervened, and gave the untiajw
In this way hundreds refcjoed tkemftirn ro
r number fcli v&iou to a putrid fever.
. of 'cetfeQ health, three or four fhort noun
icifc 0/ cxi lit. vc. Niiny tbcie vrcrc who cbJu.'cd a
nay weeks together, living in a Hate
:drlMtft Ml of vermin, and *lmoll ea:cn
- :V fejaHe cf life •*» exrtoguiftied. Toe carnon
:pt conftaaily hovering over the gra^ci.
rd the be jo, and frequently fcrarehed
i rth, !:-.. ng in everr mangled ci*rpfc a fpec-
^alcufilc Imthrorhenefe and te.'i<>r to thofe, who by
d in the ft me enccrprwe, were cxpofed to ihe fame
Ired* of carraffrs were feen Ao*'.u>£ on it* coran;
iccucnubrrd horrorj damped out tne andou* of the
Ufcd ty coikjocA kik! to brave every kind of daiigcr,
;orc everted bwnfelf with foeh a particular aim to viiftory,
[fie whole entrrpriae depended on his tingle ana.
WwW$ AtfdtbiM r ur)i i/i praifi nf the bravery ofthf l\i •_•-
andoiar ret;. ires wc fhouM add, that the Spini«rdi were
^Bp> K- : - 11 p.-.irt t;f valoiit ; and had tncif con-
it is moi* than probable, th»t the toghih had
i he norttrft wreath of victory that ever graced
:;ucror t.n thii quarter of coa woild. Hue per-
\uvi the RcaJer wJO be cu/tou* t« kaovr ho^ vt« u-.utai*a
fib] ppm
■ 'Offldcreamong tWm wbrt itccWed.todWso^^ttisi^SoUtf^gB
••1'bdthfclrirrlvS!inGM-;3p?in!'. r/ ^BWJBTS
:» ••;!: s Don Juan cf
- '.tiHca-lfe'Meveia,
P*»rt&tourtili/ljieujfnant GpncriJ ftf'h^ Majeffjj'i .forces,
and late Vicerpy o£ Peru^and Don Diego IPav'arcz, \J?\c uq-
^ifrtNtOf ofCartnagena; being ail tried by a council of waj it
- l4*drid for their bebavigur on. this accafion,. were pumftiedF with
* Rqycflration of their eftates, and banifhment Jotty lw^esfrorn
fbef court, during his Majefty/i picafure. ' V/ '^
■ • * Thefentence a gain ft Don Joan dc Pradols In force. JJon
Cutiriez de Hevcia "was pardoned in confequence of the jnctjt
"'MJ| tt>t St. Rocquc, the barrier againfl Gibraltar, which, he
-3%UI hdltjs. Vrfcount Supcrunda was offered] a pardon, Djltire-
' i£ifed it j declaring he could not accufe himfc)f of apv crime ;
L,te »& fmce dead, ...
- 'TAtlo Don Louis tle.Yel&fcp *, his family was e
■ tote- eldeli fon created, Vifcount Moro, and a ftandinz, order
: :|*adc, that ever after there fnould be a fhiu in the Spanifli nary
-a\leJthe Velrfco.' . . !>
There is a (Inrti.arity in the events of wars which happen
between people whofe actions, are governed by coninicm pnn-
' ciplcs, and whofe manners are Similar to each other ; but when
•4t is carried; on between j>oli£bc3 nations and favajes, the tranf-
r ''Campaigns in the interior pa'rts of the continent of North A*rne-
rica ; where, on occafion. pf th*i expedition againll the tic
jokecs, in 1760, we find the native Indians thiis ch^pdkriv.ci :
** The Indians are of fuch a dlfpofition, that ur^lefs'thev'ranly
-feel the rod of chaftifement, they cannot be prevailed on to Re-
lieve 'hat we have the po-acr to inflict it; and accordingly when-
ever ihcy happen to be attacked by us unprepared, tftcv'fej
rceourfc to a treaty of peace, as a fubterfuge, winch gave tnem
time to collect themfelves ; then, without the lesll regare^to.
■ the bonds of publr ' ' ' h
' their depredations,
/pife; fo that the
* Velafco was Captain of a man. of war, but JQjU-ufl«
xommand of the Moro-'Caille; the Governor,. wfan the
rived, being old and infirm. His fpiritedconduajbftlfic
/aide of him, but he was lulled dww^ the fiegjr.
0 ^S«*
'luting tiictu JCMKtfiJfAtt f ur
nofir
:
live in If
ti
ar -TH.P
J
:;Cld
i - . ki of' pc-
ii - province or" South v.
ch ro-i-n ro
.vc fcaie o
to be depta4H
^ ftul! find th. . ir ii
rjr>£ the cemdaffc of tbe * .b t^fcuJ ihe
■
nils 3IC : C*3»V»C
'-•ft ivovv fcen them o — ' \Vc i par-
> qui Author, not onl/ ;o /ccon
c French t :i£lo(bc
:i br us but co wc»r oat of the a
■ rymen ai arc not em :ood CrinV
. t' t pr/juoices <i* tinjl *x fnn^r, mrib^h^A
. .
* u nee, and coock
df the Frc n<S, i . i
I nalifli.'
. may not, and wc vcrjly believe, do not, treat
is in every refpcc'i l<ifcum-
r» conGd^rcd ; but v/ill the nati chat tbnt-
■re a Ample iiioffrnfive ptople, guided by Ui« nrft
morality ( The • 'or wbat be*
.
!l ilhai ooioftUfi* ideal tyilcflU »
re been i
tppcar toenteru
C IaIc war Improved «^jr a*-
r n. Tfct ;. • c«f-
.
, ■•• th ■:". who fubfiil
forced :
to be doul
:iJ integrity arc co be •',
■ icdic ihc
: : ■ ty Tarts qi
'* i*.' r
.
.ti .n
-..iffieio': , .nwa.
flbf
Mv«;
37 i G rofefi, dnUquititt of Engkxdapd.l&tUu. *
Qoipel to them, to (hew thcm;aKo> -ftafowPto ■©£:** fiulflkdj
while we guaj^ag^jBii ibur<4iecc.U», to 4eaJ fw^rfttyf.bji t^WM
fo ir^ill we colomac to'muwal advantage i'a#4;.F,t*lajnMbes«dW|o3
degrees frojn- a iav.age - &a<*: of .life, wkycjy jvq^ucs .eK.t«^vf)3j
huryjjfg ground* *oid of iii^i^ix^t^.^iv/bwl^toniidi^,?^^
tivaiion.an^populawoa as^pu{>lic injure*, y ». , „#, ■*. -,.n:oi Jn«
1 .., />.■ — -rr ' .?:.' : ' — ■" r^"?'. 1 ■' '. ! i : . sisftft jihfc
Aa t, \ UL Tie Antiquiiie&of England ar.A W«bft J jWBtf% Cgta* ;
uon 01 Vitws of the moll remarkable Kui** and. anciaat ifr&Mr^ *»
in«, accurately drawn on i^e Spot. To eacKYiEw.is •^.^HiWoi
hiKOiie'al Account of Habituation, when and by wnom b^aift. w[iih. .
evcrv intercfting Circumftance relating theirto: Collected Irom
We "beft Authorities. By Francis Grole, Tifos Pi 'A/S/itft,
Vol. I. < 1 « Nunflttn) 2 1. -5 1. unbound. Hooper. ■' ; 1774'/.' Kh''
(^itnfome mention, alio, of the fubfcqaem N&dtrt of thts.-Wfeft.)!':
/"Ih^HC publication before, us, claims our attention, from.^^y
' I' : 'refpccl which the curious aqd inquifuivc mind ey cf; p ajj
to'hiftoricaj refearches into antiquity ; and although it .may^oj^.,
be* ^onfidered at altogether an. original undertaking, this 'tHVf&u
of praife js due to Mr. G'oje, — that he has very JeqGbJy^a^j
The Gorgeous Palaces,
*t*v w c - T* ... .1.1 i,vui aw
, — - — Shall pj8sotvfi,"&c.a lo0
'As the hours of life are of too much imppitance to be fquan.-
dered away, the method which this ingenious Gentium an, has
taken to fill up every interval oMcifurc, 'dpcs.hini u.uc!
nour, and is pfegnant with yerjr 'p.iVtic^r .advantages' jh toe
while he is drawing from oblivion, and introducing tQjour; ac-
quaintance, many noble and ancient f41r.il.ic5, , ht, h.'jjnfiag
a'monunicnt of Fame to hiinfelf. And, bepoe, the ^[fetc^
changes which theft peiifhing memorials of pride and. p o^jinm,
have undergone fincc the days of their jeaHu ft po^ci^r$v^gxn^
bit a ftr iking and inftru&ive, though Umiy, fcern ji iwtc,, jqfen
of morality, in pointing out and proving ifac ni^tj^tLry rtf*
human grcatnefs. .. v -.,.n.»L ? \* soivn
"A colTeclion of fuch portraits as the prefent.'tvith the anajft
fu'Ejoined, may, like a cabinet of medals, fee J$*£MfgfAg$9*
bAoy'.'of biftory. ^Vith deference to. tKcife ^4fflr*dKnJl
who have infified 00 the erudition of tKe4#tWj flfGMR&Mtal
5 •.•>'■ • »-tkc vast* wontMM
GtoaV* Amif&iet if E\tf**imi V\b*
379
u
m* « Joe ou ok drawing bcftMe w; foi, like otbxrr epitomes,
nik i i«i may *r?>tlT f luribuicto rtHft the mtmorf,
fettle many dUputt J points, ani prove eminently feriiceiblc in
thtfilFulltttitn of b«f tmtettal hit:
Mr. Grofc h*» introduced bis elegant engrwriaga with a very
COjJowt and cnterra;ning preface, peffeeliy adapted to the I "■<
}e£, *n4'iMufl.ritcd with nine very curious copjpct.piatcj. Id thta
p<eiiaiua»ry dlfcouifr, be has inge-nwly diftriaijnurd the diffe-
rent forms And manner of building, and of behet^n^, e*fllci,&c.
ailbcdiftretit periods of time, witti a fuci nt of rhe an-
cient English architecture, in ; he bat deter ibed the ftatc
• ago of their cxiHence in thii
cot) > hii exp!ii(icO that venerable monument of Brt-
itt peihap*. known to every Rf2dcr of our Rev*ar
chat this ancient record, for which we arc indebted to William
the Conqueror ai:d hU parliament, >* compnfcd in two votaries |
ic other a quarto. The full, vrc arc here inr
! on 382 double paw o' libs
1 *,cach part having a double column, — T
en on 450 double pxc* ol
lump, and in a large but very fair enara&ccV In
theftr 7N bavc an account, and fervey, of all 1*1
luntiei of England, except N'orthumberlai
VVdlmoiUr.d, D«rham. and part of Lancafo
and particular nature of tbern, wbc:her
taeadovr, pailujc. arable, wood, or wafte Und '-, and mention-
ioff tiic-r rents, and taxations. Tni* work a!(*_> records tbc
IcvcraJ poflcnori of lands, their number, and ditlin& degree*.—
Author recites the feveral conjecture* which hare been
fiirned, eo.iccrning the derivation of the fad and folcmn title
not, but withrmt prefurning absolutely to fettle ft* pro-
— * Until of lace years, fay* Mr. Grofc, doomc/-
.ictot has been kept wider three dirurcnt !o.k* and kry?,
jHody of the treafiucr, and the others of the two
if the Haihcijuci'. It is now depulatixl in tbc
Ubepttrbou'e at Weftminltcr, where it may be confulted, oa
paying in cue proper officers 4 fee of 6 ft. 8d. for a fcarch, and
4 uVfcr- !;oe for a tranfeript.'
Tne want of an entire tnmU-d afy of thii curious record,
bath Often been mentioned with regret. Oar Author ukes,
notice of a dcfiirn wkicb was fee on foot fornc time reo, far
JL, .
\ (ft one of Ki plate*, force cufiouj .fpdcf-,
ng tn.iJc life oP, in ib?j celebrated regi
ce*fpilen*wt«™«h<?«r!WJeof *bo*t *vtn vcan; but .
ilored in it.
tow many bjunii were em?
<**&-
*So Graft1* Anil^hulfi of Engli^d.^nJ ffokjl
of.
But tals« he judiciouJIy remitkP, feenis i » < j t chtfrely to aiifWer
'^te'tAi. [^nW'oeW'lWany abbreviations in the original,
'reVdip^s of which are dilutable. THc^irifcndcd cofcy'WH
therefore, Mr. Grbfe apprehends, only give the fenfe "'if $*«
' Editors,' without leaving «vcry one to judge (of thcmfelvis. it
: bUi indeed, he add*, 'been fuggelted, • that of the * cfdUbt|u4
' paflages,- e*a£t copies might be engraved; but then it Fcrrfajhs
•' to be agreed what paflages fllail be deemed doubtful.1 — But to
return to what is the general object of Mr. Grofe"s publlca-
' ^o'i— the vinos of the raw, &c. of remarkable ancient btiild-
LTfl
logs and natural curjofities in this country* ^
• \Thefe views are uniformly engraved, on diflinct pl*tet, jvJucb
"jrneafure fix incrjes by four* and are each the fubjecVafpne
^letitirc leaf of the book : ftanding as head-pieces to rfee 'letfer-
prefs. accounts, or annals, of the refpe&ve buildings, kifS'jbx
facntljcs; &tc. to which they belonged. ~ JJ
'' The drawings, though IimiteJ by fo narrow a fcA\ it
jnaflerly; and the engravings are, in general, very well exe'^i-
tcd.A-We have beard it remarked, by fome connoitfeur.;, '^-'^
if the plates, inftcad of being fo highly finished, hud Bfen
etched, in the manner of Pirancfi, they would' have ;
a fpirit and freedom, more exprcGIye of the dcfigii ^' wheiea*,
in their prefent ftatc, the engravers have, in ibnic inltincts
laboured away Mr. Grofe'sdefign, by repairing the ruins >Jvhfeh
he meant to reprefent.— This may have been the exjkpjmi
•regard to a few of tbefe views; but we apprehend 'that 'with-
retped to the majority of purchafcrs, had thefc deftgns been
•executed wholly in the manner here recommended, they u
■mfiflura% have had alefs pleating effecl; and we are periiiaJed
• 'that the work will be more popular, andconfcqtteutly more "ad-
vantageous, though pofiibly more expenfiue to the purbllffier,
if continued in the ftyle and manner of the fpccimenrtxMHfcd
in the volume before us*.; ....,'* ~ ".*?:'**J.:»J(M*
The mode of publication, in feparate number* f, at^' HSWeWte
''e&pcncc, will, no doubt, be deemed a clrcirrhftaTjce^fcbn^rHi-
' ence, by many fubferibers ; who, notwithstanding tfce ir1 * afte* w
'■ thd'c entertaining and ornamental productions, mightftav^fcHwfiftc
the purchafe of the whole work together, too raucn'ftroniT"
tide of amufement, however rational in itfelf or howevtrlric-
•cant in the execution. ■■ •' '.--" *
'•£— r-1*-, ■ ■■ ■' -1 & ■■■
* Since the completion of this lirtl voluriifc. the work" tyii !Wfrn
flfiontinaed as far as No. 25.— The whole is to be fompnufi in 64
J'.'l^umbcrs, making; 4 volutacs* . »"■*•■ *; »-j.-iif.
.,. t -At% iliil.iii V5 eaUv, ' '' . ' ' ":';
-" Mb
1 trill -jj,
.
ihep
;i fpft.'.c I; net,
aionlbi p. ^55. Mr. ■ •
i of rjjjs fcryjkhral mor
. . ■ : it was the burial place o
ig of ili- !
( arid brother of Hengift, ai Mr. Colebrote opA*
:i :!:i fu eject Mr. G. ru.; the following conjecture
of Kct'j Coiiy.boufV may c*o thuj
Kct, i i l .".. , is poflibly the fioniii^c abbrcv
\d in Cornwall, when there ;rc many of |
[rones whole length and breadth greatly cx-
• may
^tigetn's hou(e built v.r.!i Coiti ; and n.i^bt have
:; U2i tfic fefulchrc of that champion Ut
uicd by the Saxons where in pofleilion ol
inly of K<j,' r — There it probability in this: ncv
ihc Author of the article above referred to, in oui >mh'»
tint Caugcrii wis buried in a ficjl in tfic
fori in Kent, in which place arc the remain?.
• lilcb be fupjxifcj to have been creeled to
jm's rWc or grotto, indeed, is neither a piece
i 'T even entire' ^ir ; but h hi
Ci/c tcld» :n compliance with iherequcir of fcvcral
It fcera ir. (5. * to have been ori^t-
fcrorfc of nature y a rill of water, and after-
.: ■:." — Froro the entertaining ac
m cavern fecmt, indeed, to be curjo-
ntit equal to thrfc ftupcudoua natural tt
PooJVhoJc, near Buxton, and that fblj more
n, to which the count./ (
even the humourout Dr. King feeirs
tu rtpcat J : fee his Poem on Mtdty
rfi nere hch \hh\ In a battle fought here,
Saxons, io ;hc year 44;.
-xtcn Wolls is laid to havcinteaipafly oon-
• evade the groffccfi of Uic rul^ar appellation, b^ oUta^
il.r hoflUl pbCC fs*4 r's /*;/.
i^^]jfeWo;*TOhej^
k» c a r> ©pp«Ktu#u;j£ of ' again 'rt^njmeWWg 'r^C^ftV-**)
gowoo* labours to in? ijqtice of fucti oF oWTtt^r&'avarevAitrf
qf iefea/<^ef into arttiquityj'and admirers tf 'ih&'daHfcc'-fctfaVsw
J — __ li — . — . — •'•''' ' ' •' •' •; - "-: i*'nt -I r rfaiAi
A«t. iV, QbfsrvaUtus en.varuus Sutjcft* 1. On tfce Scfe* jf$W
Seventy Yqars of Daniel, Ch, be. 24 — 2-. II. On the Oaiiatf nf
the 014 Teitaoiebt. JlJ. On the' true reading of- the -Faitif*
1 Tim. Hi. 16. _ »'y John Cafpar Velthufen, one' of histftAgMpi
German Chaplains. 8vo, 1 s. 6d. Heydlngerv -i.773.sr- ) -V
MR, Vekbufen is already known to [he learned world pf fcfc
- <ritif jfma *on a paffage in the book of J<4b »,- and Ub
fftter publications. He appears to be an arduous and 1
cikrc, and. very attentive tp thofe minutia which, ia this 1
^lw)S». ** f* ibmctluies abfqlutely neceflary to regards "• ,l
. WcjhaUprefent |o our Readers his parepbraftjfcaJ trattlU-
ticn of tfyc pa£&gc under review in the fir ft dilfcrtartctfi y M^P
JiaUosw: - - ■ ^ -,
** A$ jfeventy was the appointed numbfr for the Bofytf«Wfr
captivity, fo now fven times SEVENTY is deter mfltftt iWtjpf*
UibjptfyL and -to thy bofy city% that the tranfwrejjum ffiajfitf*
Jtraii/td, anl fins afolijbedf and iniquity extiaud^ a'-d fttftldflivg
fight: on fnefs lro"gbt int and vijitns and pt ophtcus futfidzd'i ami kU
T Hi ~
MOST HOLY anointed. Further thou Jhah Imp the time
©tt&iy indicated, and tonfider ;-i- From the putliatisn <f tbt lofii
that jerufabm Jhsuld ce rtbuilt unto vicJtrisui Mrjjtab, fenen tmei
££ V£N and Jevcntj ; fxty and two !—It will be halt *r*fr, *s
9p tit Jlreeii and the wau\ but in times of ticubt'e.-^And after $e
ftptenar'w* fxty end two ! — Mejftab will br extirpated and bfveko
poftcrity left to him9.atid et viclorfsus people which 'is totuHufi+U
.de/irtfyttc city and the /ancluary': jtud it will end as it:w#r*<¥*
deluge or in a total confuuon, and until tie end *f the ivo/rH/bub
is to be Jhortenedj there will be perpetual and the nwtfiiwc)
deva/latiom. However^ one peculiar 1VEEK Jh#IT magnify THE
COVENANT to many, and THE 'MJtyt^f&ntf*®
WEEK Jball eaufe facvif.ee and oblation to eeafe.7 Ifjjf a the
viingi of the vofl abominable and profaning &JakUo*S\tlia\djjytpr
jof Jerufalem ruflies on ! And until the total JaA-rndtojom t()$kkonfb
it is to be flattened) wrath will be poured firth afoottt\v*ii)is of
this devoted place." •••■*•?• vWVwi
• From hence then it appears, cbferves our AMWPHflt the
time of the MeJ/iafs coming is determined i»yjtwo>li*tamc
numbers, the fecond number being dill mole :exa&&t%nkbc
Jull> but bo-.h of them exprerTed in fucb »nmioaar;aftjiiijbt
■ - — • auay^ — — — — -
* Via. Appendix to Rev. vol. xlvLi, p. i^pTL *•*•* 1U0 »2 1 •
cafilv
ritif tf* **U\m6 zn the me n%ory of ibc people. (StrJhjnfiMm. }
71ic*c *>t£bt Otbcrunfc hate Afifcll
concerning r icern /:
Outdv inJvrstin;.
wii , and utofA/r ^fr^r - a** ArTFR
wkick-hc was tu t-c expelled to be r I nJoc.tcd
aflicifcr.l, .,: -II uth--:-* rhi- U-*fl lijli'r to n \{\A*-.,'
icrt, here, pTtfend to enter Into am account of rWo
•bk . this Write! ulluiltirei ipartt fct
tfirtiUboi!, or evioc** tbo aecowplifhn the prophecy*
We cio only reowrit that, i.i the beginning i ;on,
W* *tt told, that hU corjectarea were occ.fioned bv,
chiefly founded on the l.cttcja f of the Iciri rrri W Sir
John fringe ; and in the cone is aoufd, Ufa tbMDatt
joclturc?, together with the efliy kfetf, - dn
/Ac rtfkk (/Dr. Kcnnicott's cttlothn tf HHrew mjita/.y.
Aiioni on the Canon of the Old Tclhimr^t,
which coa(ii;.jce the frcond ditfrnaiion, irr hoot of Cittis!*
> confic'cred. Mr. Vekhufen, on the whole, \%
Jifinni to belcc»c chat it oovbt to be received among the rt-
nomcal boo**, and he ofcti fan* learned Mid in^iiiout rcafotv,
to fofifuwt his conjrclurc.
Ut ditfemtior. roanifelts the great attention and induf-
airing to difcovtf the croc imMllg of
atUi €t\rt:j'.cd pi:';:;-, t Trm. in. l6. On the whole, he
c«ftdu<3c> tfcut Oi or $r#. is the moll anctenr, and the be*
.ufpoticd. But (of x more accurate account o' hie re*fe*i
. RcaJcr* to the book it'elf. Mr. VetthufeM
Srrmirt - 1 arvi candid enquirer, bmt
P i on Wetflcin, of whom he ton obJigedfcf
\cey in connect. on uith this p»ff.$e of fcripture, aaJ
wfco poftbly may have deftrved fome rewchtnfjon.
The icfc diile: etc originally puhSftvtd
in GMM*.
Dt .t*m* MtJtt* Pr*ltJn, lit. i.e. The Seal m*itj£
.;: : , ir. a LcAure delivered be fere ihc CoJIcgeof Pv.
. r i * i* i b^recabU cu .he h .
By Ff*n. .Nichols. M D. F..H.S. ami ' .
OxJintrt eo tie Kivp ^ i:k copK>ut AW«. The Se:
TckMhich it ijded, d« A,
mad tin Ctrt*Uthn 4/ tht Jfu?J. t Jl ;ul-
"■"- ^R* Nicho'Kbatb bcre gtvei, ttic Pub
1 lj/ tmi of 4 c«l<bnuc<i .MifSci
''^•forc tbc caoirncnccfijeiit ©t" »;u.
Kicrolis f)e AnrniaMe&tri&ir
igenioos than fttufa&ory ; for it is ''tflxMSiVi '^flfci
to conceive of the intentional agency of 4 principle, , MA2ra
employed in the cure of dlfeafes and the pre1ervatvori^bf*%eSnfiS
and of which intentional agency we have not the leafi:' fconfiSokf-
nefs : and yet fucb is the medical province of the foul, assort-
ing to Dr. NicholU.— c Such, truly is the foul, as ftur, pwfilta'
ever the human frame ; which, was {he but in all xct^cjSi
Wife; wouJd (he but throw afide trifles and follies i cajpfujl^
watch over the prefervation of the body ; constantly \PJMW
away what is amifs ; and attack difeafes on their fu-ft approach. *
£he would, long retard the coming on of old age \ and .pqmblf
extend the term of life, which would otherwise nave been nwch
Ihorteoed from the activity of internal caufes, to the Cs. hun-
dredth year. On the other hand, was fhe either enurply'tOj
abJent be- r ft If, or not be at leifure to conduct the affair? |pf tHCj
body, riot one thoufandth part of the human race could fuivjffC
the damages and depredations of a tingle year.*# . .irWintaB
We (hall only obferve, that it is greatly to be ]an^ncefl,^£
the foul, medically confidercd, has fo much in her po.wer^at
ihc fo frequently neglefls her very important bufine fs. \
Our ingenious Author, in the anatomical di fqu ifiUons w)J j^l
are fubjoined to this oration, endeavours to prove that t)be ,mfd
of the circulation through the heart, and its appendam.'u jrf
forae refpccls different from that which has been point*) Wjjjtt
the immortal Harvey. '* ,' '■ *J
This great anatomift, from a number of very accurate.' and
attentive obfervatioos, concludes, that the contractions of /T*J[
two auricles are fynchronous, or performed at the fame tlroc^
that the contractions of the ventricles, are lilcewife fynchronous;
and lafily, that the contractions of the pulmonary artery, and
of the aorta, are fynchronous. But, according to the fy.gcra,
of Dr. Nicholls, thefe contractions do not fucceed each other
in the order here reprefented : and he reafons thus. Suppofr,
A, The Right Amide. B, The Right Ventricle. C, The Polinoo. Artery.
D, Left Auricle. E , Left Ventricle F, The Ao«»«
Since A then is contracted at the time that B is dilated :
and C likewife is contracted at the fame time "that F'is tjna&fr
J therefore and C are contracted at the fame time: -BUr^whle
C is contracted, D is dilated ; D therefore is dilated1 jtt ite*
time '"that A is contracted; and confequcntly the conMAieVnr
of the two auricles are not fynchronous, or ^rformetf "at QMf
fame time. In like manner, the contractions of the vewtric'fes'-'
may be proved to be afynchronous. jri *™P*
Hiittnefc aclive powers do not He in the uninterrupted fac-^
cefcon laid down by Dr. Nicholls ; for the pulmohaty'vem
•A« ••* - comes
rgumetnitTbn lc h
,h **s bcl I c!
I
. rtc - •■.ni, arc prrtoimcd acrcc.iblc to
Df. H^:
there Is tliis man
- 1
tfdfct inter mixed aito U: . .
. I
I Jilitatt n, w h n..'!
: tlic veniiclci ti i ii. c T
'el -a nil refpert to the sui
\cy teach c 5, thcr:
■ .
l.. :
c I .
;dition.iI proof of the truth .
I .: I iUy hku II h.lM
laid lit
■
I', '
HiUm*i * km. Pby.i9tog. vol, i. ti. zic. *:•
F.tHicntei • . ilh and Chu.luri Revel
.). F. R. i. 1 2 mo. i». 6d.
_. frcoivj • i*cil ' )r. Prieftley's InOitutct confirm
■ ,'
. rrcr.c, cogp-
i.'u...' ! •> (Vvcrft) v4j<&-«n» w,.i; h.ic
: .cm. Df the
, the iintnu.t or u v. :qw, te
\c, but « to
the obfervat
Vol- LP'.
icnJlrrneA
386 PrWHetf* WUuut*fn*vtimdr*9*H*tifrki
twfrriudunbdievtY^ he docs not feecu to txpt £t$h#C *hc
rauph as look into bis performance, much kfc. that
give it a deliberate and impartial perufal ; a circumftaocc
we arc told, be mentions with no other viey than to
young per fans of the very great care they ought to tike m
forming their judgments on a fubject of fo much iinpi<wi4l|,
* £nce, fays he, in tbecourfe of a few years, the ew&ttf* U»
impremon* to which their minds mull neceffarily t>o ifiaMgfltf
will be either a firm and joyful perfuafion- of the trtfttrbf'
Chriftianity, a great indifference to it, or an oMHraitc kM
gloomy unbelief.' * ,T77
It cannot be fuppofed that a work of this nature QjQiiSd_fe' ."
executed without calling io the amftance of other writers* ac*.
cofdingly the Doctor informs his readers that in the firft part of*'
this volume, which treats of the (late of religion in the heathen
world, he has made great ufe of Dr. Leland's treatifc on ;bis
fubjed, in order to evince the advantage and neceffity of the
Chriftian revelation. He likewife Hells us that, on tdc topic
of prophecy, he has had much recourfe to liiftiop Newton's
valuable difcourfes; but as to other particular writers, he has
not, he adds, made fuch confiderable ufe of them, as to render
an acknowledgment necefTary ; unlefs it be with xefpeQ to his
having borrowed from Dr. Dtdri^/s U8uru% fomc arguments
againft the pretended miracles of Apoilonius Tyanseus.
This work is divided into feven parts ; the ficft of which co
ftders the ftatc of the heathen world ; the fecund confifts
obfervations previous to the examination of the proper e*/i d
of revelation -, the third lays down the evidences of the Jcwi
and Chriftian religions, derived from tefiimmy, and efpecially
that of its friends; the fourth contains the evidences of Use
Jcwifh and Chriftian revelations derived from prefent appear*
ances; the fifth treats of Prophecy; the fixth is an examina-
tion of the evidence of feveral miracles which have been uii
to have been wrought for other purpofes than the confirmation
of the Jewifh and Chriftian revelations ; the laft pair, gives w
a view of the principal objttTuni to the Jewifh and Chrhti
revelations.
We agree with Dr. Prieftley in efteeming the general c
t'ton of his materials to be more commodious, eaticr,1 and mi
natural, than that of fomc others, and better calculated to 4
iibit the evidences of revelation with ftrength and pcifpicuitj
We are debarred by the narrow limits of our review fror
making many extracts from this performance ; but the
which follow, will, probably, be agreeable tu miny of
readers. However peculiar fome of Dr. P's . explications of
fcripture may be deemed by fome", or however hric/aJox his te-
nzts'm any rcfpeS may be accounted by others, Cniiil
PricAir/i tnflitmftr tf i^fvrwi wmi rn**U JUB£!t*. 3S7
doci ooc appear to hair a warmer friend ; jo) in <*wr pinion
iiwctm k<r.\ b<ttcr cuaiKivd ro pleat! in h» 4r»
be r.-5ioi» which trvm on i< tdK«n«mjr
i 7 q1 mirvckii the l>t».tcr Im itoelMo>
JlI'D
:i
tit vc obj*i:
■
i.itnrr, bcri.il"-
;iAr»t <xf- ■ tK* a*
the
:l:
Hi
in i: I, i
I . i . t)i»( ihci .
. .
A iflT <>; f Oft
< no cua*
kj> be ^.f.rcit!y ufciiaijj now, *i:vi yet nu)
pftfr i . . rke Q£* in uhtvS ihr rf.v
• -. ii-» pi< t;. j-.-J <n-
pCficd b«far#. In |!.:
jay ccirft of «veo:» can only bo a •
or 0 ittUi* &$'** tft expe&ai
co«iir..' ii> any thing like
ii • will ti^Lajt t,c eoniinbed. Tfte
t* o! vitarr, ** haw (c<n, %t< only 4i9et tat «noic» of
. «gt the D«vtn; Ec:u^ !:..
jliiAer, d
B«
C;
WCTlt,
388 Prteftley rs Injtiluta of natural and revested RtlitUn*
fell ^#^aWi:&#l™,«4fti<»R dpferwifi»5fnri<^o>«Mtt>i»g'«^
JWoWJoVWeei "*terhiU tner* rnaft have Wo a time when taje.pinrf
fttfiag'tiid $Yopcr\y' riift rpofr, Co as to form both it, und thc'plan^
Mid* animals which a* peculiar to it; and If there #w /*•« bat dps
jrt«tp«r intrrpufiiion in any period of rime part; tbenr/mrv, according
to .,(&r; Hwpe's own 'method, of reafoning, beaaotherv '."J '° Sicffl
* ft would alfo follow from Mr. Hume's principle*, another*
jew^/iuJin philosophy mull beabfolutely inctedibjtf, ti&irftfocbow
u'ariffes from principles, the ope ration of which] we ^ayc^fpto jr
Other' cafes'; ann* (a the King of Siam will I te juftinrd in giviag a*
credit to. .the Dutchmen, who informed him, thai ,|p. ,rn*ir
eWtftry> water btcanie fometimes fo hard, that it woujd evep-^saf-
itftWrar>d carriage*; for lfving in an uniformly , warm 5^t£aitj.:H-
Kid .never' Teen fach a thing, and could sot conceive thit it wa» juU.
fiW8ir'-' ':
.'{■■TTnYievidenee that the conrfe of nature has bee* departed 'frpaay
iHHe Vtry fame with that by which we judge when it is ni*' ^port-
ed from, and muft be equally competent i u both cafes. For certain-
ly tn't! eyes, ears, and other fenfes of men axe equally capable oi
jodging concerning alt things which they are equally ca^&e 01* «fi
ce'lyihg. If a number of perfons could diilinguifli their Inefid ;Cro«a
all 'other men before he died, they mult, being pofiefled, of tkcU%*
organs, be equally capable of diltinguiflung him from, dl other. pa-
fons* after he fliould be rifen from the dead* And whatever W<.
Hume or any other pcrfon may pretend concerning the xaim^ffj^crf
Jibihty of all accounts of miracles, I doubt oot,^ut t\ix lulch iggir,
xnorry as this would have weight even with thernftjves. .
"* Nothing can naturally be more improbable than the cafe l~iav&;
mentioned, of a perfou nfing from the dead , and y.ct 1 (<Io pot Uf
lieve that any perion can be fo incredulous1, but th.it, if only i\C,; a
dozen perfons, of his own previous nomination, fliould {jrriojjrtjs
report, that having perfectly known n pcrfon vtb^vv^Wai^tp^'
rircn from the dead* and having coaverfed with and.exacujictfckw*
the? were fatisficd that he was no jinpofKir, but the very Xamtpyikift:
with whom they had been acquainted '.befpre^lpij. wcjuld. #S«v
them ; fo thru his own real feelings would be_ ftca, 'a.demauijrar
of the eftual ftivir tf tejlimwy, as none of his fo^uiitr-v. iou^c-v.^,
NOW 'it will be mcv.-n, that the evidence of the relurrccUon. Qf*cJwUl»„
is even much more fatisfaclofy than tjisj the wiiriettW'oi* u.lafyij
in' reality, more unexceptionable, than fucji iV*pjr "{k/i^un "wfff
haWprevibufl1^ ., Utm
•Wchave inferted the above ext'aft,, . u^B^fex^tie^.j
o:]her parts of this performance, chicly on ,aqcpiig| pfej
tioB to the fairipus aifertibu of the celebrated- Mr. fciuoae.
rekt paflagc we (lull CcUtSl, regards-fontc Grange obitrouiaar-
made., by. th-.. fame --ntlrnun concerning the mintciot aVcMM*11
torihc-Abba P*tia» U fectnsi indeed furf>rfcifrgj th.t c-Wi iter,
- .... f»7, -*:\ . •• •'-'•.•'« ^IJlPiatffllV
pcaetracoo nMJMent fhrtllJ h*#< fccm Jed
by. any- lUuftve COntloVritioi W i)r,
PricWd^l <}oamt tor
a number of cirrumftjnrr*, agrcr -n of
rucb'acUiiid.^C
- • contend*, add* iiic D-xto/, ibtl tnufbibi*
with fame appevartee of f«»fun) <o fimfii
ftofe of Chilli ki aviiltti<$ and iuthoiitf. />£*!*, ij*W<tf ' BJjhti
I* j$8, fa.
1 > at Author proctc^s tr» Confcdcr t few cimnnftincei whltK
*he< ptiitofai Ijavc oveilobkcd, when he jpyc
f*gmen\ ife:
rHetiffc, V< oMrnc!, wlico thefr mlraclea were i-iJ to iuic
j tnd ouiACffoas paof in >'.-
fdsc ch tttoJamir»<:f
r of then?, thev w:^ CAgcrly
■ u of beaten in fayotu <>i
i «*• fo<n ai mi!
ir* bcc-n wrought b/ huo,
»<tffe of iBc n> j;l lifurci and p&iafWl
- 1 uf life*.
i* ow* dud
nt, v-'hen iic was man-.
;; rxtrfuv*
.! ». -..i u . m -i, i fj
r ludixxn coni
.. u led « JJ
-
i
|ic» wis d^mo:.
im yxaminatun « iua: c;
been
■
•
, . ■ ;. i
fftfrjAfti tiic 1/ : if ih« Pol'.oe. ;'
uUul; tlL> e or ialfc* iv«re b»
ii end i . . - Abl»c
...
ring jioaWiir/.- /tjtc l^rr.'i obtain rd hut by roe*iv» v*t (Oliver
fwoaifrgi, riolcttt and fometrmej very ind*:ccr.\ et&vm.**
Cc « *\uLU
AfcfUich lioic. >\)iq applied for. a. cure made pfeof; and lifily, tVrt
£bcfc*lwV»ctc5 entirely cc'atfd w-hen':fib' cridftWIr^eWfo tftftpilft
infftaS: oT drawee the JafJfcntts* oterf &eJ't8*'WplwrtbiPl«k
wMcfHhey Sfore TaJlWi'tfey einlr frrfed Plt^MftttthttrnMb^l
wSfcjttciU^U ar.d conte'mpribfc*. • . ;»■■ >-^U j\o<v fait won A
»*] 3*3 Home rife mt*fcioM,,after Cardinal ©q JUce. AJpjjflfJfliJA
^ri-faStto baff; been wrought in Suagbftt but fafrMg. jfwJ&Mg
sjctbunr, the Cvcfcalhimfelf did oot be lie ye it, ,; •*_ f : ^ ,
'.i.(*:Thnlaft in (lance I (hall, mention U one, oip which j
lava^cat (trefs, viz, a miracle faid to have been wrought"
.Canuiards, or the proteftants in the South of France, atftf-v?!
Jzp cannot ^e dimnguifhed from a real miracle, - Tfte'pnAftA
jjiirig that was exhibited on this occafion was ene-Ctoy;:<fetiDt)i#i»
Aind or etince about in the flames onaurt, > The aecondt mi^
lUhed by Mr. Lacy, an Englifli gentleman, who joint J the kit%ih .
^roteftaritt when they took refuge in England, from ibe Uepoiuoas
-ofijobo Cavalier, a brother of the principal leader, of the Caci-
lords, but a perfon of an infamous character, who afterward* .XRflip
JPapitt, and islifted in the French king's guards.
* fiat M. Le Moine, who anfwered Mr. Chubb's treatife" .evjal-
***tlci, ul which this faft was mentioned, having taken ferni* pain
ttxinquire into it, found, on the teftimony of the moit unexception-
ablewltneffes, efpcdillv that of one Serrts, who hail k'<n a met-
Ber of the privy council of the CamifarJ-, that the whole feonW*
was a trick, contrived by themfelves, in order to en courage _i*or
"troops. This perfon, when near his death, gave a cjrcuailaowl
'account of the manner in which the artifice had been cr>pd*Ce*;
and the particulars, together with the proofs of the whole ducoyerj,
■anay. be teen in M. Le Moin's treatife on miracles, p. 410, ^c,f,
* The foregoing extracts will probably meet with pcculiu
-acceptance from the younger part of our Readers, who niy
.JiAvd heard fuxh ebjtflions to the important doctrine of miracle*,
; ju thofe which axe here noticed, but hive not been fnaJe' S-
itauainted with the enfwrs9 by which thofe objections hive ftk
i.temoved, to the complete fatisfaclion of the diligent and rti-
;jlifl inquirer, and the total overthrow of all the Humesj Twfttr-
;i»n*j Annets, Chubb*, and Bojinel- ..c» of the are.
• '.I; ISO
, 7 '■ •■ ,ti ^•.■•■jmMifar
A«T. XII. A Treatifi » the Maae^eatnt of. .AtwmtiWtt^t^
#»<»,&. Illuftrated with Cafes. By ClrtrJna W^jAdhJ
I Surgeon to the Manchester Infirmary, SfZ^^&yfo 0^f^t
W3«^ - : ...i'.Mj.t c a\ bad ji
N this treatife are comprehended roany^sttcAfectfasbfara <jf*
,. W* "J -v^o.lc m feet
IN this treatife are comprehended m3&y*srcoHccKi*bfisr>l
relating to the management of .1 1 us ■■(lhli|liWHjMr*
'iujii puerperal ftatej together with fcsroc ofeftrl .sjiirfM^rrrM
<;cefnir)g the delivery of the child, and yrocahtfiy^f Jjjfry/ttME
r*lt-tbntains Hkewifemariy jinlirifiTiff rtfti iilknii tiiiigi ejiftlTi E
~ rrr, , , ^ jjCT;
fti^ll^#dfrjlaai4«lw^8s%I|«».;,v ^.^^ \WimM sj»8 • ■
..ft ■*•-% . f*«
r0Mr% #t
-n;; foK
■
Dew and more fuccefsf jI if item o! . --ij-rnc/t
lon^ time p^ft g«iaui£ ground, in Uw ueattocm of Kbriic
lew in general, and ot wofc attending toe paefperai ihte
u . But though :n t K former c*at>, xhs inti >Juctioo
- beeri effected with ut much
. the adoption i *t <iiJ;d
no finall d i k ■ the lit I -Tejwdire*
luean: out fc« and oli women, under whale poWv'i&l prt»-
<n, tae hot regimen, alter luring been n
other quarter, has m.vJe it* tail retreat ir.tc ..: •
imberof a lying-in wjtma : where,
ir, contaminated with putrid ana&a'i <. H usia, it
the ff nip torn 3 of all the fcbri'u difofdett jtlciuUm on
anil; i^ *".-.mrinftan«*, ii juflly ctwtjttbfc
Mc h\r'mz originally produced them.
,i> Uft obfervation ituy »u:e peculiar1? be anplieJ to the
j fever, which, 4, we have o'ulcrvcd on a for ncr ofo
r» Mot to be the natural oi nccctTai
(Ute in particular, but it mole Frequently a ehil
icl of inifmnna^trncni *. A (pec i men of the rcc-
ng, or manufacturing this difordcr, occur* in the
J by th: A lit I
i>c I i praftjfe i at Mar-ehrfier, a
For a long time' been irt potleflion ot
!r ranlta rf women, urn* hod heeil lole-
i , that p.-orVdsan. ft vn$
. jik^ble numtcr oF worsen under
were arTc&ed w.th tbe milhrty fever, wnKfi p
tt ulaily th: wi. e princiool
■ ) alarmhig and notorion, born in that
Fiood, and in dlHunt parts of the country, a* to acquire
of the Mmhiftn Fm/r.
•egood woman '5 l*trti% it leemt, confiited in keeping her
rv cMe and warm, fo aa fcarceJv to admit a ■->
S«o ire room ; and to ccntHe Them many c&y* fweating
I in a horizontal petition. * At rbs lame period of tiroe>
» «ii* iaroc town, other pcaftitionen, who purfucd a
IpWn, «*ct v. Ub no fLcbjLvcr.'
ef£»rrp.-rd/ lever « a dirofdir of ;* very differta; naifl
r^Wlpcater uraportancc. V.'i.» rcf^.c; tothecaute oi it,
U«it>r coninweti* the opinio ; d by Dr. I
if time,.
* dif-
re Muuiaiy Reiiew, to), jfttiu ScptcraVc:, t;tt, y. a*V
Cc 3
5 1 (ea fe ij ah d ; th at " th eft fb re cfeey'are'to btl&fccd upon as the
coijfequcric^ rather than the caafes, 6/'tttatiiter3cf,nJ
'tiorfl y» l\w it €jL
-3.;t •■*'*..*■'■• ■ . . :» 'i: ■.* • • .v"!**!
Jforfn& Prtfitel Q&firvo/ions 0* tbt CbildJvl F*mj$A\
, .}ialurt 4ttd 'Treat mint of Uterine Hemorrhages, y Cowfi(M>\i
" By John Leake, M. D. Member of the College' of PSyiS:
London, and Phyfician to the Weftriiinftcr Lying-iH'^raifttlL
^;Svo. ;s.-Bdardi. Becket. 1773. " " " f $'k>**VT
TH E fatality frequently attending tHc./M^r^rrj/'pr c^p^jp
,ftvcr, particularly in the hofpita'ls ihnitu'ted.in^tr^mfttr^
.this 'ofiibriTc'r, on\y" one rccovittQ.^ Various, aw). c°QM,itf.[]
vHttkdi'of "treating this deftru&.vc fever jiovfS cduuljF ijtuuc^tff-
Jul i and .even in private pn^irc, the fiuh'ry \v.is' Co ggfU,
ibat at Icaft three in four who were jpized'wirn. ifc j!/S. ?*
' Yv .v- — .r— 'u..cl..i.^n *(*;.' « -life's3
Tn the prcfent
t;i-:
, , ...tpwfornwto, {fMf&M%3|a3^
havq been a very attentive obferver cf the na/urc and procrcls
:cs nis
n h^f
.cijj^rs. hcvcoi^ci<3'c»rWitH''^." Multn
r^boVe referred io; 'and' 'wiffler/flr11
*• n.'/«.v I J.-..,.* '.iV.M li 111 !
laim to lomc poini- 01
1 viuJerrunfiirti V^lL
! 1VSee an a^raA of Dr; Hulme's theoretical1 aridM^it 'Krffos
<Q&iQC
v
3
mm
;i!
■ ilanv
ttfg*n( »»
ruofii bur its,;
■
.v Ai\d inccOinci were ptc
jut Author diVfrt'i ftpwever, I i^e p;<
:<'!D Dr. r'ulmc, in ■>'■'•• i
incj are i . ' illoiUon, to be in i
. yet ih.cdilc4.fc is not oca
e gravid b//rifj on ihe abdorn
ih fqtfntum in particular : lor if luch ft
uf i'i, be ohf.-rvct, no good rraion cm I
vbrtu-n in the lift Rages of picgnancy (KouIJ not .
t» as v.cIJ it ibofc who lave been lately delivcicJ; .Mm.1i,
■: Mitt iry to experience. Hit op tjiii mat-
htmicai ihangt produced in :h. boSffh fib-
I 1 prcdifpoting caufe of t?i« difofr,
why it J4 peculiar to women <///rr ttilivnj oalj.
intitiued prcfTune of* the gravid uitrus on the coon-
(at then Suddenly taken off, the branches ot~ the
irrd lii the adjoining wfirra7 will, on the
prtHureJ and the confequent Influx ot blbod
ed, and pant, iiiflaiurnai
:»JuccL' ; particularly in che &nunru*i and l»rcY-
ic thefc vcjTcIj arc numerous, and moft lax
-rve* on ihi* occafion that the pregnant women in the
ng-in hoQ»tul who» trjirt their delivery, .flitted
■Pwtci m attending the fick, continued perfectly tree froan
cvcq when it was moft prevalent; but that,
h^'vifcrc delivered, many of tnem torn fickcncd, and
iSHaVf with live frme fvaipt^nv, .u ihofe whoa* they h;
' — OtSer caufet, noweve?, befide that above slTi^nrr*,
rnc»,
■
the produfiion of thia difordcr i arnonj; u
jircultsr fenftiftity or irritability u! the h i-
iorc particularly, &n epidemical
tirdfiiki .. ." by which it baa been reh'dei$d
requtn: ini fatal at particular (eat'oni.
bole, the AuiTw confidcr* tbli fever at being of 'a
v nature at it; eommrncement ; t!u>Ugn'*it
t^faJl^jflltfBW az-urnr* t^yc. ui coBfoquence of a
flp^jpatttiifcim <
C c 4
M+ J*«wifc.YiG»»tnctf ay Jbfi— H,
^rf the jtMuption stf.thf pmtrid fluid. foDf&fega^rnrtotfefe *%•
vdotnenv: On account of itf irtfl^inmatory -ftatt*«^?W'ftWtfg»y
.aaeifta on the necaffity of early «■* e«>pteua%fcedftfc&' it &e£*ery
ftfft onf« of the dffra/ef i»o*#iehft*ridifig:W/ che*b^jeaftm
• whkh have been urged again* thia pi ar3 ice. ' ' Wito'cW ftasfng
--ar theory to coincide with any particular djr favour lie ^ojc of
; treatment, he declares (hat the realbns for this operation*, arc
as manifeft and cogent as in the plcurify ictelf," Hcconfcden
phlebotomy indeed as the principal remedy to be depended apon
at the beginning of the difcafcj as being adapted fuddeoiy'to
take off the cenfion of the vcffcls, and to abate the pain, fever,
and inflammation : but it will feldom, he obferves, • prove of
fervtce after the ftcontl or third day of the attack, and if directed
.ihlMatcr, will only further exhauft and enfeeble the patient,
and hafterr her end.' ' '#*
We foall not enter further into the Author's oblervatlonsoq
this difeife; as the Anfible manner in which he fcas ucated lie
^ubjecl, and' the new lights which he has thrown upon it, both
."by his reafonings and practical observations, entitle his per-
^formance to the attentive perufal of thofe who are cohcettaed in
the medical direction of lying-in womtn. • -.• - *
; • -Hr^
MONTHLY CATALO OU%
For N O V E M B E R, 1773. ] ;;;
Dramatic. »: \a:
. Art* M« $&* Afr S>***tr> «•» the Humours $f the Navy. * ¥»*
merly written by Mr. Charles Shadwrlly and now alrcvrd -wkh
great Additions, and a new Character, by the Author *. A* it1 "Hi
now performed at the Theatre-Royal in Drury-Lane. Sv*. ";[■»!*,
* Lowndes, &c. 1773. **
rpHE Fair Quaker of Deal hai lonjj been an a&fy'g eomefiV
- ■ ' Jl' ■ and is allowed to contain fome ftrikthg portraits. Copies oPura-'
• vitiate oHginaU | and in this circuxnfiance confifts tbe whofc merii'bf
the piece ; which is extremely farcical, and the very teveifc-ofi
- -we onderiland by genial comedy t and, in our opinion, it ftSHe
- aoiwuhftanding its amendments, to he cut-down to ■ farce 6f
piece. In its newly altered ftate, however,^ it is a mnc}i\tjKwe
tttlerahle performance than it was before its brefmt'"'re»r*4t> *Tlifi
new character of Binnacle is well hit, rtrongly 'flftaffeed," JutiJtfffly
. interwoven wich the reft of the compofirion, and iudlcietrl!y"«isif '*
. ' ii cij ^iir.?f
: * This may fecm to imply, in the nztutats djijfr' y^Jbn .pyWww^
;that the alterations were made by Mr. Shadwelf, ^e A/&J*3R|e
"flay; but that, we conceive, coufd not well be, aVtncjai^^jiiliir
ftfithbeendead theft toted and fbnfyeaH,^ T^Jp^^f
•iriuft; therefore, no doubt^inein to in turn q£
i*n maTTlj the mitem* _ . . s .; t , ,u , lh n ^ |6>f ,
* •** OMRtc po^rj oFWr. Ww^n, v/>* pfejtd ti.-
afcMA»r»°ffo»attro e»hr©«td ice, rnete etfu-kkh ar«*fOtft*
-m^/C-:, aid Ottfil^t, word co oor«-«*n tiauii A*cf.
-,1c DujiVvcft i. ft %fco
- t a
: ; he ei
jVf. ij. A8mm*xar j ■ Co»n»e4y. A* it h now revived af the
Tbeauc-R<oftt in Driry-Laae. With Aheraitau. i i ,. , ,,
Bee*;.
!*0t>3 JeeouTir of t V;i UughaMe edd
i-Itii
en a jodiciccs piper lefcrted tlis mouth in ci •
f:l.*t iA< ortgii of it i» tu ItaJitn comedy* t:ywd *t
tV_^Tcr:H. c ; dure :: ■ - is
- w« lapptiU J ; tli*: it was acted at the fame in 1714; and
m*i i)rydeo m»kft have heer, mifl ikeo m hat alert ion ehvt.Btn j
(an is Alctiyuiiil from ihu play,— as 80ft'* perfcitnaiwc •*•*
broc^hi it mull, however, be granted, thati*^^»-
1*1 time to the Afchymift, Johnfon might hive fco
orijrnaii and I>.-yJeu might not mean bo refer to (he Efcf
|i& tranflaucrw O.t the other hand, this anonymoiij writer very
piotxrly remarks, that the plo;. character, ami incident* 01* the An
Chymrt ire fo very difKrrerti frni rhn(r of the Italian flay* tka: out
«k4ttryiuafl may UirN be acomt'.ed of plagiar .Ira — unfeia the teVa
1 iUr .gas ing cheat cod be tuxpofed to have girea the geswrai
ruJkuhag sad cxpoiing the pretenders w, and belicrcra ia. the
Tkis is an excellent npoer-gRlIery comedy: and huin its prefect •
fsfaUy played otf agaiait ttx ntUvbtty /ac* *f*r*ri-
v«/pU>^, at the drolJ and laughing Prologue cxprVlTci
i bcfcii alio a wiuy EpOofiir, which *aa adaatraUy (poke* by
, Abiogtcu.
/o/ DtfirttT*, a new Mcfical Dranv, as ic u pep-
irwed at the Thcajr-RoyaJ in Z>. ar/ Laac. Sro. 1 t. Bccfctta
Ictu from £/ Q r.'i/r »/, a rcry indifcrcut Gar/song fart of €»•
^*a*a a few >. art >^». 1
into an louan opera, and pcrforaed ae the K
ne HajrpBj 1 afaacafe, hat
. 01. 4a ao aii:c>pkuc at
iiti», w.hjch
in I he
'c, wi.h
It vrai M rxTiTed by Mr. Ctrxick, in 174- .
characters, hath bccn.^ood-oiui^dl^Qv^lopIjpyjj^hc Public— Bat
we. think the Author fli'mlc" no* have^ forgotten tohaveflckaowl
.dft '<i|^lJrifci''^n^ij of
pied <p fcd4erri.¥rmcsi
jiannersi "aftft Charatler't. :" bVO. i a. 6 d. Marii'acr,* && ' '',,£
\jlSWctVminlfer Jtt'Aicei, and the City patriots, arc the; j^ipu^ a
obi^As of lb* "fadrc contained in this buriefque of a burlcfqvje^ JThf
iirAQur ana wk are quite of the St. Gilo's caft ; and the pa'rodie^ of
thf/rdritfs'iV'Gay's opera are fuch as* might be exppflcd^rA'ap,.!olft-
Jfcfiley; Mufc, -The following is a favour'able'i^ciffl^l^jffi^t ii
i^icVe*} in this way : Cock ey'd Jack ungs— '(' . •• ;: , .^^
WjaVilrW"^4«Jiw»« fair flowef in its luflre» '•"• '•■ :r'^ *•= ■«*
Which in the garden enamels the ground, ... : .tT-.:,| ^
m ix;
... I^carthem. tKe Citizens bufUc aad duller.
A*
n-iii ,, t,r."Ch^e; Common-Council-Mcn gather around; - 10.t 1:>
».i3 w jUtwhou once known, they're no longer ■vOkritafe"'*1''^ ™
ibio
*. IV^/iUr rbay^however, be capable of better j^du^o^aj${j£
perhaps', bent his genius down to the prcfent low and lutfcrpus 'tyhfit
which (il he bbfcrVes, in the dedication, to MrsGamcjct^KMJ}c3
c&fioned by 'the laudable indignation which fclr.-G.. jrwuOto^
ia."6d. Evans. 1773- , • • l .'«":--rfy
m. Thofe who readjthi* play, and were not prefent atjti j**#Vccyre-
fentatiOD* which is w caft, will be fomewhat^urptixada* *J**;"!r%
rity ©/Its fate. Its general deugn was laud able, viz.. to ridicule MWfr
countenance the. mifchlcvous, and? at pttSfiat, faQiUMabW cuftfrmjtf
duelling. There is in it at Icaft as much fenfe, wit, and humour, as
are to be foond in many of our modern dramas which have met with
a' more fortunate reception. But a^ variety of ujiJafourabJe^rWnl-
Ireoces Teem to 'have combined again ft this comedy, inoii'b'f -wSich
the Author has very properly noticed in his -preiV:e.^To"lhii
preface we mtift refer, having neither time nor tooU, *to '«ter
into farther particulars concerning a publication which agupelAu at
flte'clbfe of the month, when we were difoatchingcex;Ja3f cftfy to
ibejrrefi. One remark, however, en 0*fiiftt'v(i fcru£l£ i&rxJ
iaW:— -**ad Dr. K. trofted more to his oM'tatfp^Mtt ■""
WHrv'ofJgiltaTa we imagine, he would have been' more fatcefif
•he -nUt leaned upon Henry Fielding*, it is rirobible" 'hkr ul ill
•;rli*t<5Dw -jSautia-af -that cctrtwated wriufr, conreiTedtjr ftwrlfhe^ D*r
JT> wkhfonoeof the principal (iharaoVeri andi^oidoil^irl^dii()ii^'
NfcTUaAL
I
rw Cat Atcov*. *&&f HlM'. £*•»• |»
- - . , . •
BHHm wftn the durVem bYl!cr».
iopoli » lorcihc
cum
I
D
^rc diligently fo ;, o»4 one i'"">^
ii, to lca<] «* :
\':er all, in grt ii
The Author ci th:i trcv.ifr tppeiri Co ;> ■ ; J r
the incasing of Ltrftixui a* plain a* poRiblc, and ccakJ"
%o«M be *0 advantage to beginners :o be ac^j
Rflltof forac other avtborn «ho have made alterations in cluu of
the learned Swede, he hat sadertaken to comport* xhr different
fckrmci, and explain che revfbns which induced their authort to dif-
icr from their common mailer. He had fome thoughts of c<*ri< - ir e
uac by an cngnviog; of c«h j>ccu; «t inicitii bu; ibe cxcr«-
crdinary eapruCC wlaku ihi* would have octa&oncJ. was likely ro
:he f jiacipal defign of hi» wuric, b/ preventing a number of
{u<h pcifon* « have moft oc<auon lor it from purchalii>R i: : ba
Jooftd that thi* expco<« mull have been greater, at it would not lu»c
' oouii one iritec: of each Li&nxan genuj, but wOuJJ
. cctiTary :o hare given one. at Icit. ol
fiich genera a* con:
-.ric another in :heir external appearanc ich, fc*
oMnSf, Ihat h* could have done little more than copy the a*
firurc-i cJ (JcorTryy and Schrffrr, ilic first tof which he fttpj
btf'jn.. I tte, .1 he
f%Mn. . ift m th
eluf«rMib-uy.
_r» relative to chit petforairrrrce, we mt!
v volueic ■
i ore ntd
be'Bfc'oJ to thofe who raofc fcoengage in ihn .
L /. wr.
11 Proceeding! under the Ap-
r fHj. - fcht honourable the House, gf Lof^«>
rroti and thrjoiii'di&ioa cxciv;fcd,br
3pVy5vwftt*$'^ recuse. By (icuu
1 r. .« i -< :'. — rds. Uriel, \r. i'7;. .
; 'he
rMbJMI It ,Tne* u.^i
»/nu CI t.-anio^irig buiWf). T
jiia <u fentiins i . .:.. jtu, hi rfroqd
..fey Dn
co hm -lod-hu autgnt to pvblilh the *o*k,
k!»cp flrqitfl to imtOi oasJm MiMtf order ot tae, fctuar.joiM
it,,. -if. Monthly Catalogue, Z<w. ..
WV '-; • - '* ",' '■ '-- •• ••■-■ m»« ; »*i 'j;* '.Ji/nm br/;*)
&rf'buB!iclti6n ; Jt Urfng b/YnaYbrtfW>po r**/Wrt ^^i***
&&e fritiiffyr flHbe bhufi^fbt ant feijad 'iubWfiU&U pint, wyaPt
Word1*) wftStf "Wr,- bfirig Added on' the M^rgMinneMMft*^ the
Sffe. He'Tdoti Jtond, th*thfc!toufec^WrT^,'Sr.W(Wii*be!intt
fcah'r/to' rnilce border;' Without a cartful exfifliaattoft of thejwbefa
look ;; arid this. appearing- impracticable, he drop c hi* peiitum^ajid
apprehending that Ms afMng leave, fufficienfly (hewed oil tfotifol
iwe£ to the hoofe and their Ldfdfhips order*, h? reibWed captdx-
Hn'hfe treatife without giving their LomAlps the trouble of tmkhtg
m¥ o^der, and without the patronage of any particular great nsab.f/h
% 'mart' natural to think that the Houfe of Lords, tor fortfe -arkey
Werits'cf it. ■ The Author however ought to be the belt judge
JSt lUs pubttfatimi maybe connflent wirh rhe reefptiorrhis applieat
1^h/olet>wirti;;as'iYe difcfaims the patronage of any particular great
Va'n>.'we"are t6 fuppofe his dedication to the Lord Chancellor to be.
Wlikc "rnanrrer wtthoot leave. Br thefe matters as they may, the
»Vnrf"dPalgjil^ing-to the Hoofe of Lords, here laid down, ma/ he
:rf ufehVytftfhg folicitors ; but, if the writer had Ixflowed tnoreat-
'tefttidri' ln"corrc&ing the prefs, his work would have reaped feme
'advantage from it.
Alt. 21. 'fbe PrKitdhgs at forgt, in a Caufeort art Action
brought by Anthony Pabrigas, (ient againft Lieut. General Jahn
Mbflyn, Governor of the ifland of Minorca,— for falfe Jmprtfoft-
iricnt and Banilhment from Minorca to Carthagen'a m Spain* 'iVftj
before Mr. Juflice Gould, in the Court of Common Pleas, in GwfcK
hall, London, Julv I.*, 17-3. Containing the Evidence vtrfc
'tit* as delivered by the Witnofles; with all the Species Bart
"* Arguments of the Counfel and of the Court. Taken in Shbea-irtind,
by Mr. Gurnev. Folio. 33. 6d. Kearfly- . , 'i
' fco tnocli hath peen publifhcd in the newt-paper* concerning iou>ex-
fcftotdinary trial, and the merits of the caufe, that ihe left xs jcqaiiv
'«&'.<& be faid on the subject, in this Review. For the fatiUa&io^
ibwever, of thofe, among our Readers, who may bcyet ttraBgcn-oa
the matter Of this litigation, we fhall briellj inform them, 'that' Ml
"Fabrigas is a native of Minorca, or whatthe Englilh there xnayeoav-
fidrf as a Spaniard, fubjett, by the conqueit and - ceoTioB . of nkat
.ifland, to the crown of Oreat Britain ; that t)>e faid M/.tF. bcia# »
dealer in wines, had, in the year 1 77 1» conceived hianfiif naAaVag-
grieved in certain KJiricHocs, (which arc here folly explaiaiddhke-
."Spewing the file of his goods; that he repeatedly applie^batioveniBr
Moftyn for redrefij that the Governor made the ,n**«ff»ry canary
into the nature of the complaint, and found thati'iV-faA* UrcV.
m had fuftairicd no real injury, "bar/had been led inin aw a mo?, by ant
""duty attending to ail the regulations which had been: ■nUfey go-
LVbYnmerit; with refpert to the -fate of wines in fchc.g^itfeuriofe^W
' rtill^i J'tfcRtj Mr. f, hereupon growing impatient, reneweft hki 9+-
i plication, and fignifieJ (bar about 7co men, dcslafa atfaibitjjt feojn
' way wiih himfeli, would back -Ms petition ; that thefe ttords being
coailrucd to indicate (edition aivi Vvtanot, vVt^^N«RQt% who con-
MOXTIUY C AT ALOCL'F, .JI>f*lhiMJt'09
sUfUict oj
I iWt ft* H*
1,9
wVcdfor Ai fj
■
MPtil}* hivir.p 1X13''
be had t :<jnd meant lo bring hit cafe be,
til becu laitl . :ca ">ein£ DQCf]
tifcl an J COflrtilu
-i«f courri, than *a Hot'and, or try o
>p**; ftft4 iSa: iio vat not p*ni«hcd 1c;
ibraa ■claal atccaaps o excite a«mrootion aaong il< i
liac wire an i -^ Uie Sp-
id, or coeftr|Ot fuch aeomraoriae tr
outwit*'- :'<4itio&« *r« cftablifl. ' 1*,iPZ
*v*o«»iU ficecj thu trial, lb- astovoptai
court, :tit (.ivtcr.iw rVlc-Jiyn hid beta * goiJty of in
1
hi* power :' at>l t^c j ary brought In a vcrt&t for : : . •
wit* joooli danugri and colic at the
Opinion, ib^r' the pU"a:"rV w*» notgnilry of" m-.i . o<
|fe»d ] a:ici ia a*Y u-iv t«;dia^ tocreto.* A new trial, tou-.;-, ji
A T H £ M A T I C 1.
.. .ff (ntrttkUm w j*/ AM**i<a! Part ?/" :.
. 4/Wio *> /t\ it. By ik*ma» Halton. Watch Maker. $ro.
>.c6a. 6u. Uuad. Longoan, &c. 1:73.
ol* every thing ;3ite: 5 to
1 ft dock< >t"l wateliei. The Aatftor hai :.-
to trio ft rate :\e fricopitsaa^praSicc of ih - ia!u.ib!c nnc
ioasatt : in J I'-ou^t he is much in d.
immUr, ■odota
«ai "mpr. .-n« theatteiniaa an .!
•Wbca W-e confidee the very
tooctmiciluua'
Kks. »*blcl b«e eloped
w«to awfc ii J, ©fpwtWoen doc'-.
* iiwjfali: ii nvOO the contrary,
•♦Civ & " * '
ib» B/jranaK donuuun*.
fcth and 9th chapters of Mr.P '"' 's £oc}c aboy^ni^9QJ*ciL!,, "T
W# «.-0'iM b**e wJflieJ^Mr. Udtton had contracted' his \vrji;;,';n it
would have been more fifcety to Saftwf the ufeful pnrpofc, fci wiic}*;
tain tends k. Afccofcof ^00 cngetwill ftrike terror mtathofe, whq.
lUwelitrte Jeifureana' ufaafly lefs Inclination for readjng, and Uudy ;
and' fueh, we ap-prehtfitd, thole irt in general, who may derive 10-
nrufifo'n from tbisperrorntance. (Cur Autlgr has by. initiate jjuQttd
Mr. &#r&ttm, ay the atrthor of the artificial elect - ma&tr -, but-u was
wriucn by Mr, W!ffiam Eferham, $. Rt.S* though figncd only bjr the
iattai-kwertof- his name. . ...... . „,, ..-,'•
"*-■"' !- ''NT is. c.i i t.A n to Opt, ".. 'jj .-r^J
/*rt. ^ jf^Way^nMWtm Stoat!**. By. Lewi*. ^Q^
'ftr o! the "jtfilitafy Academy at Little Chelae*. .'&*©*..;, |**n
, Nonrfe, &c. 177$, # , ' ' • -* -11*
The7 AclJior of thia Eflay begins with ittuftratln|i, in a very .fe^
•nd'^riteti manner, the importance of a military ,*dnf asiogfrki
te&fAli smo-whar he delivers with this view is compnied j&uhc £>£?
lowing obfervations, viz. ' Thau, as mankind, \yith i^pe^Vjao
(he flatitraJ powers of the underflaDdine, and the great icbxUftcJes rffj
the Wi!f» sire nearly npon a level, the divcrfified ditHnftion* o^ta^, ,
le&ual compafs, and of vicious and virtuous manners. its^c&Mta
appeared among them either as individuals or aj'fofrn^i,in/Q ft»MeWi
and kingdoms, axe to be afcribed to the nature and gojv.cf .oiiejfr^a
cation: ■ • ' / isUJUuni orfT
• That no Rate oan Ton£ fubfift, let its form, of govr^pme^J^r,
what it will, if the education of its youth is not peculjUfjy adajtyo1
to tbo nature, end, and principle of that government. . ;; a:uS,ubp\
r"THaf, in the BritiQi Hate, education implied the attainment »fFl
all that enlarged knowledge and generous virtue* by which i^s-eon^.;
rli ration of government has been lorm^d, and by wkich aloug uf fa,:..
be fopporteo; and that, therefore, a Britifh foldier, wlipiejirQieftoar.
is not valuable for its own fake, but for its fubfeiviency to {taj^A^;
tare of' the Hate, is in a more peculiar manner bound u> aiikc^a^ ,
attainment, reft that which is intended as a heneik &Qu|t} be^jaiefc-;
verted into an injury: ;tf:; eds :■:*■ :i>ifl»a
* That a Britifh foldicr, to anfwer the ends of ^]s inft^utjofe xffj^
!|nircs the fuper-addition of the higheit excellence iahi^owa^groY^
effioo, confidered as a fciencc: .' . ]\ x",' ji^j*^ *fa
•And that excellence in military fcicnce" cannot polfibl^fcp. ai«
tained, without the knowledge^ of the moll extenfive. theory, lltajs
tratad and confirmed by the continual appficatron of It'topracticc/lJ
Our Author then proceeds to explain rnr>rc particularly wbac Aa
meant by military edncation ; and (news, tliat it^roay -^c-^jft£1pftt&vi
the two'branches, of the exercifcs of the Lody'i'a'fp ^jc'tu^n^n^gi^^
the^anind. Under the former head.1- he iricMdc* ", ip^fejfijicjqgi
fwiMshln^'and riding: and in inuflrdtingVtKc Actpm^aiQiafc^cd,!;
tbct>«wrcif«; he keeps in view t!Jc/mfin"0bje<rr6i w'hlci'buj)^
M^tiu.y Q^KtACVfifJttWmmmtl*
4a
lit fftlac . 10 i>
of C* -i-tl m
frendrarid (rt'rrmn : a no br
'
■f.ouraH* .ajid-uJiifnlJjt
iJuc o! .i pupil*. Our AutiWi
, Ujic&jtk*^
ge* the other articiri ^ftfyf^tf
uiiirr the gcaeril head* nf mifhfmaric*. the natural and civil tight*.
of vuukind, ancient and modern hiLtory, %sii the ce«&tvcio* U
their own couciry. He thec conduJca villi a faor* *L»:lrj;t of I
pUn and regulations of his o»vn M
wt*e*r* 'judge, trern eo Isc liberal, jo-
Atftttftortfare cloft tfm article with wiping hi in f i
Art. 34. A DifftrtaUtx, Hijhritat <t*J l9>. /j/n^w
11 of Cirln
jrnal NotCT xnd Observations. By John I ..
Wefciregrrcn inaccoont of SignorDcnina'* original iy.
iW ff/Wrtii** rf* //«//*, in the Appendix tu ilic 4 i«i vol, of ouj j
»iew, and in the rumberfox Pebruarr, 1771* Thv
»wo*o.*». 4tr«; (he prtfeni Rnglirti r in Iicion contain* only *;» c_«;trs.*t
arfdeoneludei <.
•f tb«y Italian fttUi to the francMfei offline, in ih*>«r 56;, U. C.
Tbc on is liber; re&i and tbc note*, tucu£)i jmx
w^ttc; iiiutand pcrtiucoU
Vfc4f pilslirarttm 11 not only tefy'eritefrijlmig, hut rniy be high
Eflflift (fader; tor. -fj
ie»ifc»V'cVrf&eitfc>nt ;o ix«d r'olkftone, tp . nr*
. ion, nothiftg emu more
.:.'-■;:
wrfti
in ft «*•<** ot "-'tVmei'^Wd rian.
£C«i«i ac<i ctuuCUf ot our o..n. — r: ;.-...> kiad h tl.c *i:2r;Ulion
wbtth wtbrrc cMhien'd lotiur ReaJi
tkeNec
Prbprti,
8Vpi psu»cJ, U»i ibid b/ £^k;:, lWt*k:j
3:
- 'Of Mrun
i • TaJ of oh. *ta»Wi
"IK •*!••( v.- 1
MVOvll
*h wt: rteridto'ciKf Rev
ALiwt t , which ■
be NeccjTitv fni the ubvjitioao; t^e
uUrevinecJ. By No ( j:he G*ii>cm..o
ft
&i'M&tr rii
<^;Wfta#
tvJi
4pl Monthly Catalogue, Miftdhmw
had occafion to enter into this alarming fubjeft farther than we wiihai,
ave (hall content ourfelves with referring to what has been laid of it*
Under the title oi Cor.-efpindenct, in the month of September, and at tatf
clofe of the prefent number. Some reverend gentleman has now cob*
descended to try the force of ridicule, in defence of tithes, bat more
dexterity is required to ufe this mode of argument foccekfully, dm
the prefent Writer feems to poflefs ; — perhaps his failure may fpring
from his being too much in earneft*
Art. 26. Albert Trip n% at, and/ram Paris. Addreticd not only
to fuch as propofc being prefent at the Ceremony *>f the Marriage
ofCompte d'Jrtois, Grand- fon to the French King, to the PrinceJ*
Mary, Sifter to the King of Sardinia, in November, 1 773; but to
fuch who have lately been at, arc now refiding in, or intend to go
to Paris. By a Gentleman lately returned from thence. Svo,
z s. Almon, ice.
An ill-compiled, but not unufeful, directory.
Art. 27. Lord Cbtjlerjieli 's It'htkijms ; or the grand Pantheon of
Geniu?, Sentiment, and Taftc, &c. &c. t2mo. 1 s. 6d. Snagg.
An impudent fellow ! A Chesterfield's ivittkj/ks / O fhain*,
where is thy blufh?
What a variety of Jeft-books we have had; from Joe Miller tour
Lord! who knows but in time "wc may go higher vet, and be happy
in Royal witticifms!-
Art. 28. The Hijlory of a Voyage to the Malouine, or Feikhndi
IJlands, in 1763 and 1764; under the Command of M. dc Bou-
gainville, in order to form a Settlement there: and of two Voyages
to the Streights of Magellan, with an Account of the Patafoaiaos.
Translated from Dom Pernety's Hiliorical Journal, wnttsn ia
French. Hi u ft rated with Cooper-plates. 410. ios. 6<L GoieV
fmitb, &c. 1773*
In the Appendix to the +2d vol. of our Review (1770), we gave
fome account of the original of M. Pernety's Journal ; in which we
obferved that the Author had been equally attentive to the nautical
drcumftances of the voyage, and to the na;ural hiftory, and other
particular!, of the countries which he vifued. He attended Mr.
Bougainville in his fir ft voyage to the Malouines, when they made a
settlement on Falkland's Iflaud ; but did not embark in the fecond,
which was undertaken for the fupport and improvement of that littla
eftabliihment " ; fo that the greeted part of the prefent volume is em*
ployed in the detail of the liiil expedition : but there is given, by way
of appendix, fundry letters and obfervations, by M. da Clos Ouyot
and. others, who made the fecond trip, giving a brief account of wait
they obferved in the Streights of Magellan, and particularly coneern-
• The fovereignty of thefe ifles being, foon after, claimed by the
King of Spain, and his right being acknowledged by France, M.
Bougainville was again employed, in 1766, to vifit the Malouines,
■to ■ deliver the fettlement to the Spaniards, and to proceed to the
Eaft Indies, by crofting the South-Seas, between the Tropics/ See
an account of his relation of this voyage (in which he touched at
'Otahcite) Rev. vol. ilvi. p. 104.
laj'
MofTTftrt CATAtOfctJB, AftftellnntMl JJOI
« tftjf the Patagonhns, of whom fo much has been faid, and of whom
Jlill 4b little 19 ki:OWn.
Th:? wrrk is not ill franfl-ted ; and may be read with particular
satisfaction, as a prelude to M. bou^ainriU-'a in^re confiderablc
publication of Ms ' Vnya:,e ro*ir;d the World, in the Years 1766,
1767, 1 6H, and 17G9,* of which we hate a go.:. I rraix'w.ian, by
Jkir. John Ririnhold t'oriier : bec ihe Review already le/erred 10, in
the ncte.— An J here it may not b? improper to remark, that this laft
mentioned performance ought to be rcr.d by all who have attentively
pe ruled the celebrated Hng'illi circumnavigators whofa journals
nave lately been publithed by !>r. Hawkcfworth; as the French and
Englilh accounts mutually ferve to ill Liu rate each other, and (where
they difagreej to furnilh proper fubjects for farther enruiry and exa-
mination.
The prefent Editor of Dom Pernety's Journal, acquaints his rea-
ders, that ' nothing has been omitted in this truncation, bu: the
derail of ordinary occurrences, common to every voyaj*e ;* and that
• whatever feerued, in any view, peculiar to this expedition, has been
retained.'
Jn refpeit to the engravings, fome alterations and additions have
been made. * A general chart, nVwin* the situation of Falkland's
Iflands in the fouthern ocean, which was not given in the original,
is here io/erted. Plans of the iilands of St. Catherine, and of Bue-
nos Ayres, are alfo added. The birds, Gih, &c. are clalTcd in their
proper order.*
Art. 19. The great Advanttgt cf eating pure and genuine Breads
comprehending the Hcurt of the Wheat with a!l the Flour Shew-
ing how this may be a Means of promoting Health and Plenty,
prefcrving Infants from the Grave, by deflrnying the Temptation
to the Ufe of Allum and other Ingredients in onr prefent wh eaten
Bread: Recommending to Magiftratcs, particularly in London,
i*uch an impartial Diitribution of Jullicc in the Execution of the
Act for regulating the AHize of Standard Wheatcn Bread, as may
prore equally beneficial to the Miller, the Baker, and Coafumer
of Breads By an Advocate for Trade. Svo. is. Wilkie, Ac.
i-7<-
The late wholcforr.c aft for regulating an article fo highly import-
ant to the community as pn*d% has given rife to lhi> performance,
Which is well intend:.!, and difcovers a competent kiio.v.Vge of the
fabjeft. We Ihal- therefore make a few extracts from fuch parts of
it as appear to be "'iCuliarly worthy cf gener;.! notice and "'-;,'-rd.
Speaking of tne conduct of our ancc!trr3 re'atiVc to bread, ;hc Au-
thor obferv»;t that, perhaps they never refined fo much, they never
preyed fo much en each other, nor, he prcfumc?, nude fo many laws
neceflary for their restraint, as we do- * In looking bac':,' fays h;,
• for fome hundred year*, it appca-s that they adopted a certain plan,
fuppofing that nature had given nothing in vain, asd thatc\ rry part
of the wheat which may b-* called flour, was no: only intended to i>;
eaten by men, but that it really made the bell bread ; as that might
be called the ktft% which is belt adapted to general ufe, and in itfelf
fo fine, as to contain no parti, of the coat, or liufiu of the gti&u KT-
Aev. Nov. 1773. Dd to
4©* Mokthlt Catalogue, JUfidhuMS
the fame time ic it obvious that the poor, being left able to pay, m?
introduce a portion of the- coat or hulk, ground into a powder* whili
ibme eat the wboU lubeat ground and made into brtmd, Tbe popu-
lace in Holland, in many parts, at this lime, eat the whole wheat lb
made : and we know that horfcs find nutrition in bran ; it is fome-
times given t.icm medicinally, at others as part of their food; the
borft-hran being as well known as hay or oats. The infufion of bean
is alio given in fome difordcrs to human creatures.
* The inference which 1 mean to draw from what is premifed, is to
xemind my fellow citizens of the unfortunate delufion of thinkiag
that even the <wbc!efcur of the wheat is not good enough for tbm :
that part of it mull be taken away, and lent into the country to others
at leaH as ufeful as therafelves j or given to hirdt or btafis. By this
decifi;-n, fuppofing a certain quantity of wheat appropriated to their
ufc, (and this is the view they lhoold fee it in) they lofe one third
Siait of the flour, and confequently have fo much the lefs bread to
jpply their wants. Is it not then monllroos to hear them complain
of fcarcity ? Is it not abfurd to talk of poverty, and yet pay a
fcvtwth or eigbtb part more than they need, to gratify a fantaAic ap-
petite ? Had it not been for the cuflom of eating whiter bread than
the whole flour of the wheat will make, Ihould we have thus impofcd
on ourfclves ? Would the miller and baker employ all his art to
make the bread as ivbitt as poffible, and oblige us to pay for tail
artificial whitenefs ? They tell the confumer, the whiter it is, the
finer; and the finer, the more nutritive. Thus we become dupti, »
far as to overlook the eflential good properties of genuine bread,
made of all the flour of the wheat, and alfo the difference in the
price. We arc taught to favour a grofs delufton, at the fuggdtionof
intercfled perfons, a gain ft our own fubAantial welfare. It is the is-
terert of every one. to be bsntflt and fay nothing contrary to his ftil
fentiments, as it is the duty of thofe who have knowledge, to inform
fuch as are ignorant. Thofe who have never eaten bread of all tbe
flour in a pure Hate, with tbe native talte of wheat, and the mokhue
which it preferves, can know nothing of tbe comparative exoelkaee
of it, with refpeft to the whitened city bread, which they hare beta
accuftomed to cat all their lives.'
After having mentioned the aft palled the laft fclfion of ParKaweat,
this Writer proceeds to obferve ; ■ Let the flour be produced, and
the baker will give us ftandard wbtattu brtad. Knowing that we do
not expect it to be fo white as the prefent aflized bread called Kohtstt*,
he will ceafc to play tricks injurious to the health of the confumer*
The event depends on the good fenfc of mailers and raiilrefles of fa-
milies, and their right understanding of what they mean to eat, tiut
is, of what parts of the wheat the bread they confume is made.- If
they are fatisfied that the bread is more pure than what they ofed to
cat, zndj'ijficitntfy finet we may prefume, if they are ia> their right
minds, they will prefer it for domeftic ufc Every family of fourteen
or fifteen perfons, con Turning at the rate of one pound eacb iaa dsyt
pays near fifteen (hiliisgs a week : if they can favc two ikilUn^s and
fupence, or one milling and fixpence, it is an object: To a poo/
man who fpends five fuillm^s in bread, if he can favc eight or kd»
peace,
MoffiKLT Catalogue, Mijttitmmu ^
wy parcWc t*'o or three pound* of anil ev ro-
^Ord* miking oor f<*t in a week Jr. o-v- iy Oa
A poj«l of breed for an ie4mdual, n a trifle ; b'i: for a poor hail/
Offer*, in iwetk itcoasca : once a-alfnrnny, aad ia a year
tothirty-ux llillinfj and ica pence j <a\'. i:, bj it ••. . ! nuy be. fce*y
Atttfott. lie might, perhaps. fin.Ic if I were II
anno.il £ivt»g. with compound ince • tirtttf* ynri, would
•oar to nnr fifty profit* : from w'Mace he on w fraga-
bey in fmali natters produce* comfort and wealth.
&o*W oxr-e, in which ettravagancc ie. tSecfe of bread ftojU create
i Unix, he might then look beck and Car* " JUd it pica&dhcasrn
to DTB me coairaon pruieaCr, J mnfat hare preferred my Ii;
.hill add only two :>.ori patijjrrs ; referring our Readers, for
other ***/<«/ rejections, to tat paaiphiee i:f.-:f: — « That the fiudl
flour/ fays he, * is rooit toaeivr , J grant ; but it U
obvaooi* thai a fettXUUC of the lefi lice/ , :at) keeps
the body cool, and oteua tbc puiugcs rot c . from whence
health. nalritioa, -i*<i /trtapb rin*-. [t a-.n'i be alfo granted, that
lo waae (b moth *beit: or sire it to-, the ! conderrr
t*afaa«t *oo labours hardeil, 10 ear the olfal (or eoeriVft parts) of
At* Own wheat* and ours alfo, aad ac the fixe time clew (or fint
irimd isx ,^nq afc. si bed f ..! r.-pugnan: to c»:iimon
loaf*, at it is to coimnuo iionelty and rational coconomv The
faarce of this evil anies from confounding fArjk #Ve* , . wi
4/rW. wjthaooaudcrablc portion of the bran in if) which i> pei
tiro to people not died to it, and /**«** : of the * h
pare four of* tire *tiett; taua puzzling the ejue&ios, anj firing a
itarliofi to tyranny oner the poor '
* —Let m have tinso to subdue our prejudices, and we (ha' 1
that bread of all the flo-tr of ite *hcat, tor the teaeral uic, is b:
LuU. in quality and price taan tbc prefect aflized « beaten tr<
I he Writer procecdi to offer frtae eaJcalatloai ia fuppoit of fc'i
aaTeaaUo. H- fecnU tofpeak equiiabry on thofe ( are j-e-
■arra relative to the bafcen ; and he prop Met Ionia
©*r n**paraxe> ; but loaever the cafe may be * :.
finite* is London, it ia well kaoarj that in ccu:.:fy-p!accs ta
libjeit of their attcotkm . . cu-
oWs of thecoamodity, toconCult and ;leifure.
A* to tie Jaie act of pailiaraenc. icdoea not appear that suae* regard
iataiJ 10 it any where.
AtUjjX J DUfUoarytfib* HJthkflart La*fii3z*; in two P-
HindoBan. IL Huidoflaa -r«l Kagflth. Tl
- xacirning a great variety of Pftrafri, «o poiat •>■=: the t
i tan tbc AcfloUiiioo ol the Langoage, u pre-
. . Ainmir »( the Hiadoiiir; I.intuif..1. E/ Join Fcrg
i ia the Sa ta <#l the i .
3 I. 7 s. L'adell.
AUhough thiiwotfc ii lip nr> meant a coi : f the
kiai, it »•/ be ol "r inice to tfcofa fnr whofe afe it ja
Htaud'.J ; aa ore hare at prefer" nobeweri irCced ao o.h.r, th:Uor»«
Pit «|
4©6- Monthly Catalogue, Navigation,
arv of the language of the Hindoos *, nor any particular expectation
of anoihcr.
Navigation.
Art. 31. Elements of Navigation, cVe. By William Wilfon*
8vo. Price 7 r. 6 d. Printed at Edinburgh, Told by Robinfon,
London, 177 3*
Dr. Robert/en's two volumes on this fuhjeft are fo comprehensive
and corapleat ; they fo clearly trace from its firit principles, and (9
fully exemplify both the theory and practice of this art, that wc
m:-y jullly reckon them a rich treafureof nautical knowlege. There
are, however, many things in thofe volumes, though rendered as
plain as the nature of the fubjett would allow, which are not adapted
to the capacity or leifure of all who may apply themlclves to the
fludy of this art. To have omitted thefe would have been incon*
firtent wiih Dr. R — *s plan, nor would his work have been nearfb
, perfect and acceptable without them.
The Author of thefe Elements mentions the valuable work above-
mentioned with great refpect ; yet he regrets, " that there is not ff
book extant, which* within the compafs of a fingle volumeof coo*
venient fize, contains a fufficiency for the mariner's inftruclionin
the principles, and affiftance in the practice, of his art, in ics lateft
flate of improvement, notwithstanding the evident utility and advan-
tage of fuch a book, both to the learner and the practitioner :" and
be propofes the prefent treat iff as an attempt of this kind. How far
the Public may think he has kept within proper limits, in a volume
of 510 pages, we Hi a II not take upon us to determine. This remark
however is by no means intended as a reflection on the work itfelf.
There are few books of this kind fo replete with ufefol knowlege, 11
this of \ir. #Vswork; the navigator will find every thing comprized it*
it that is neceilary to facilitate the attainment of this art. It fecrnt to
have been formed on the fame general plan with that of Dr. Robert-
(bn's; and the Author candidly acknowledges his obligations to that
Writer : he hopes that " nothing is omitted, which is either nccef-
fary to the mariner's understanding the rcalons of his various opera-
tions (thofe of a fingle chapter only excepted, relating to the /par
roidical figure of the earth) or materially ufeful for his aGJitance it
performing them. At leaft, he adds, this was the end propoied,
and pains nave not been fparcd in order to attain it. But with what
fuccefs, the candid judgment of the Public muft determine."
Art. 32. Th* Young Sea-Offictr'j Jffiflant> both in his Examina-
tion and Voyage. By John Adams. 4 to. 31. Davis, 1773.
This is a kind of Mariners Lateebifm ; as it contains, in the forn
of queftion and anfwer, whatever relates to the management of •
fhip from the taking in of her cargo to her quitting the land"; fr
• Thefe are the original, moll refpectable, and moll numerous
clafs of the inhabitants of Hindoltan ; which is a traft of country Oil
to be of no lefs extent than zooo miles every way. The number of
the people is-faid, by Mr. Fergufon, in his preface, to be competed '
at about an hundred millions,
nffm
Movthly Catalogue, Rrfyievtpl£t.
W
rtJTi*9i fi>- i flirp» ta all •' i xfes at feat nrceflary
•ff/m-*'tfi to it ic 'kfid and failing up the caaoftfl, :o£*tKrr
vett'a funeral ioirvAwa and a the owneri o» £djft-
lndu fnapi ;i> the icvaral comaoam Theft wl
Icjj i at ion ciiU* for the navy
Of i but wr would idtilc :ae-< hem-
htfwUfc th?y mi
nod ;t I - icinernV
lion. net) of the
J. Sqt;
o alec; 1
•! ifccet* id go; r»,% - ■ ■.
occ»a.wirc on the bow, .t and
(heett, the «/i«d & hrjc, . ■ paid
*u«o<?, g»d I .i Uln, j;ct aboard
ta* lack*, and .
-ty are aVtold think weald have beva of
great I i or aMli .
Kr.' i'ROVIRJIAL
Art jj, D&t Umdii mi* : Vh • enmrnon F.n nflitron
-A*/ according W trie"
iru= max*** of ilic Hebrew originals nith a KArnpLrafe nn(i
Noie»: By Trio^m Cfa nur-Malki
Schnn\ i« Carter. 410. fi il. CV.icr, prkied: Soui !iy While
:re oW;red 10 a ecrrefponirnt for ifiTor-tia* ui of thti little
pin \ . Ittndiftanr 'ic mct/o-
•» and perhaps bat fcldom if ever tdmdfcd 1 1 the L nJo* pa-
per*, fcjd rfoijn\-l th
The i! which tbij Wi f the lOOth 1
■e«p; Dr. Sykr* entertained the fi ->p4
rnr^ have concurred in H;ir>r.iri.-.n. L' I ■ b ::<if
.; the fcn<>
i"nal? corapafi in writ:* it it here priorcri,
parr* of tht pfalm i H •
alio aj.?r
t ^ttf rrtfcwr^y Mi
yW *»/ few/ h : rif-
Hm Inprecatlans of
/•** rvable, hr ---•'-.
Oalf rvr ««v u**9aift • ■ ■ , r
rather „- of Curfrat— tr.it car
'- tlty, nfco unite to corfn?4
tfcrfc am* are DtrtU* enrmiei. The learned R
obrVrt* t*c faddm rA**^ <•/ /.'/•- de q-ilcfe •
ia t. I th; turf- 1. <.:.i:'.
taton tavc on the
ifghetou* pfalaout. with a fpirit bn
jleid ( t _ » rjtiiicr ul
ani pr»>mi fi ; tene****;;
dad ac pray ia tatt ; Q >i fp**dtij
J) d j
*■ •'-■•->
1 -
4oB Monthly' Cataiocue, ReEgints, &t*
ration, in Ifrael; while hi3 impious adverfaries were clothed wlti
fcame.' *
The twentieth verfc of the pfalm, feems to furnifh an objection
againft this interpretation : it is rendered in oar common Enghth
verfion, Let this be the reward of mint adverfaries from tbe Lord, and
uf them tbatfpeak evil againft my foul. Mr. Crane tranflatea the verfc,
ttis is tbe work of mine adverfariet before Jehovah, Wr. On which
he farther comments, * Thus do mine adverfaries otter curfes and
untruths againft me before the Lord,* To which is added the fol-
lowing note :
* V. 20. hehr. zoth peiillath, Sec] Junius end Tremeltiut* hoc
efto pra:mium : C<ftelliot hxc merces a Jova meis adverfariis eve-
niat : it would be more proper to adhere to the obvious meaning of
the Hebrew text : pcullah (in regimen, peiillath) fignifies, *warlt9
from paal to work ; the words of v. 20. are in the Hebrew declaratory,
•not imperative, and the verb is underload. The feventy write truly
to-jtd to ion : in an ancient Latin verfion, we read, hoc opus coram
qui detrahunt mihi. The fubftantive verb is rightly underfoot! in,
both thefc vcrfions : but modern tranflators have expreiTcd it without
reafon, and made it imperative againft reafon. Befides, m-eih ytbt-
vab ought not here to be rendered ' from tbe Lard' (a Domino «1
m Jova : for mecth is a compound prepolition, figniryinjj literally
fromtuitb; which, according to the hebrew idiom, is equivalent to
*. ncerniug or before. It was not improper to fay thus much, becaafe
ttb has been mif.ilccn by many for the objective article.'
Our correfpondent who recommends this little performance tooorno-
tice, fee me perfectly convinced ofthejuftice of the interpretation ; and
trlls us that Mr. Crane has fully proved the paffages to be imprecatory.
We cannot pretend to decide with fo much confidence, becaufe in fuca
a cafe, where two or three explications of a pillage are propoard,
though one may have greater probability than another, we do not fee
that, without Tome farther affiftance than we have reafon, in thefc
inftances to expect, any perfon can abfoJuiely pronounce on one of
them at certainly and undoubtedly true. Though the ingenious in-
terpretation given above, appears to us very much to relerablc the
truth, in regard to this pfi'.lm, there are yet fome paru of scripture
liable to the objection that has been railed in the prefent cafe, and
which malt, we apprehend, cither be considered at imprecatory on
the enemies of the writer, or more generally as prophetic denun-
ciations of the calamities which in fome period and manner will ac-
crue to the wicked* It will, however, be a valuable addition to
biblical learning, if in any one of thefe infeances, the difficulty at-
tending the common translation is considerably lelTened, though it
ihould not be wholly removed.
Art. 34* A prefent fir your Neighbour ; or, the right Knotfkge
of (jod, and of ourfelves : opened in a plain, practical and «-
pehnuutal Manner. By Richard Hill, Efquire. izdio. ad.
J>illy. 1773.
If your pcor neighbour be a Methodifk, this prefent will betery
acceptable to him ; out if he be unacquainted with certain points of
doctrine, about which even the learned and wife arc not agreed, he
nia*
MoSTrttv CATA!.of;ur, Wr 409
n*y £cd kimfclf more ppxakd # than :mprovod by tbe pcrufalof ilw
. however, ih-:c ire ifciagi of x moral a»d
ufefol kind, whicaaUour fe/lariei xi!| alio* to berg. -
Art. 35. i*/; 1 Enythy into thi Priniipta if TsUratitn,
fee. By Joicph Fowocj. Sto, 6d. Bucklaod 177$
1 wc gaTc an accoufti /■""7»
. with re^l; E€ :'., that
the Author }.:.. ed, and enlarged upca, JexrnJ poiau con-
c^olng ictkioos Jib*:c tp!c* of toleration, and
r.tcn rcqua'-l j acJ that he has | bis
Uclijn wiih 21. it, acrd modttatioa.
NOTIU
Art. 36. &t> Ri*U ct Wr. or the Hiftory of MT$ Weft.
ismo. 3 Veil. A 1
Thii h aa atTc&bg fory. re: ill related, in the epa&olary I
n«e the hero and herein*, ait feparated by tie felly aril ambition
ol die BiOther of :ic Uticr, aaJ are otherwise diipofcd ol in n-ar-
rkge. dovUftdrya woeful cafe; L-uta 1 bar*
iag about a» modi uadexnrfs aj a butcher, who destroys one fet of
am
rwoore the unhappy inte-loping rartie*. and bring the fortd, dif*
paviajC lovers together again j aol tint sXt rigkt et hflt however
wrong the a»ou» may be* that txing it about. There ii little no-
y. to be found i» the thread-rute pattens <»f modern i«ovcfi ; for
at ibon at tae pe/foai*: i arc oXcrilic and their ntoariona arc no*
folded, it U *o diavaalt jaattcr to an ^ecattf-
Uopbe of ta*ir adirtrttafo*. Ai tbc focne it fooo Alfred froa Eng-
laial tuCaci. .-ofiiidy conic ucm :he fasao pea *>
that of i.asxj MoaUflu. mentioned in Rcv.vul. ali, p. a; is which
ooanarp' <ns ftf that wild romantic country.
Art. 37. Marridgt : or the Hiflory of Mr.
Uand, tamo, a Voti. 6s. Noble.
A Udyct made U forfeit her i11U1iur.ee by «ar-
ry'mf agvorahiy to her inclinations, bat contrary to the injonckSon*
contained la tbr will ol be* ritrec; who !ui beqota&rd her and
her fettvac, or ha !cfed to go with it, to
•obJeu.tn, in ifaicharge of a gaming cVbt :oo )ari>e to be
paidta-:cr, hii !-:c. U utl be addoi, la JatfcaV99<aWMNHitj
he at Utt rcaards the happy crwplc hr teafonabry
rica coelia to whom the lady ayai I
tver may be objected »-«:r.tt the kutitnrntal cooacdy, tbo
c<t-«rtrcd ia aftfcKfl are pethaps of more ioipormacee at
toe eoicf Andy of the yoothfal out of the fcDale fcx. Tk«
piifecjpka icciilcaicd in tbitii / ir-lccd core: . <r*
Sediooa, aad render 1 1 reading, at lei I: i- m^bs be added,
• We have ook in ri«u/p partietaiailv, *«'*ae U fud, ia p. 4c. of
* k*0wing by *xprr.4m.t i*at the £Ofpel of Chrift ia tmly the power
of GoJ ucto oaivatiaa;1 ilfo the *t.'<vxtu&*d from the I 5th aitklo
mi region,— •/' s**ri* it/'*r*j*/ljStMii9*
i l-uii pu pmtt
D d a tn>idbU
I
4.io Monthly Catalogue, M$&c(tU
frtfitalk too, wtr- srr»ot known how eagerly young Mifles &ip from
incident to incident; cr-l'uily overlooking tstry obfervation or «-e-
fieclion that mi^ht impede the immediate gratification of their eager
curiofity.
Art. 38. T1>t Hijtory of RbcJ, the Hermit of Mount Ararat.
An Oriental Tale. lamo. 3 s. Cadell. 1773.
The Hermit of Ararat relates the adventures and misfortune*
which befel him, while he was a member of focicty at large, cod
likewife fincc his retirement to the defart ; and the benevolent Reader
cannot but fympathizc with him in all his fuJTcringft and forrows.—
A few Scotticifms difcovcr this F.afiern Tale to be the production of
North Britain ; r.r.d it is a pity thzt they were not corrected before
the publication of the book. Defcils of tis:s kind, however, but
rarely occur; and they arc not here mentioned with a view to de-
tract from the merit of a work which, without being a firlt rate
performance, is both moral and entcitaining.
Political.
Art. 39. Thoughts on the pre fent Diflrejfis of Grtr.t Britain; with
Observations on the Foibles of the Age. 8vo. 1 5. Fryer,
>773«
. Common-place declamation on the threadbare topics of the luxury
of the great, the diftrcflcs of the poor, the monopolizing of farms*
&c. &c. But though the observations arc trite, they are doubtlefswcll
intended, as the Author writes with great carnellncfs, and the llrongeft
exprcfTiOns of zeal for the welfare of his country :— He writes, how-
ever, fo very indifferently, that, we fear, neither the public, nor
hiaifelf, nor his Bookfeller, will profit much by the productions of
his pea.
Medical.
Art, 40. Una Thoughts on Apothecaries and Empirics ; {hewing
the Neceflity and Utility of their Regulation by Aft of Fanlia-
ment, &c'. &c, 8vo. is. 6d. Harris, 1 773-
The intention of the Author of this pamphlet, we apprehend, it to
eftablilh a kind of Medical Inquijition* under the dire&ion of the
Mailer, Wardens, and Afiillants of the Apothecaries Company.
He propofes, that all Empirics and noltrum mongers iliould be
brought before this awful and refpectabie tribunal, and that they
cither give a proper account of thcmfelves or fuller a heavy fine ; that
all Apothecaries throughout the kingdom be examined by perfoaa in-
vented with authority from this tribunal ; that thole who are foond
duly qualified fball be dignified \x\\\i diplomas, and' that without facb
diploma no otic be allowed to praclife. — From thefe regulations, our
anonymous peflie-bearer expects, that con uder able advantage* will
be derived to the body of Apothecaries; as the number be thinka
would be diminiflied at leaft one fourth.
But here are fome mere of our Author's/to thoughts for the bene'
fit of the community of Apothecaries; — heearnefUy infiito, ■ itafm
apothecary ever recommend: a Phyfician, that /ends his prtfeription to ha
dijptHjed st a draggijfs*. ' And that the Apothecaries pubtickj sgrm, wot •
to purchajt any drug whatever from thofe <wbo difptn/k tbt prtfcriptivn
of a fhjfiaanj ,
* Oof
MOKTHIY Catalocut, £//*W.
4ii
tm
j
ur Ats'' 1 12, that the AiaatbrwJH <hooU fee paid
;. for lit. i -. feu: for ihciyj'^jamt.1 — Thii in o«r
b a »*•*;/ way of demand! --.£ /<■«.
But of the regular Ptyiidtni '— They are to
I'ofc ai well as ttty on. or. kriowlege and a fpare.
-i bowerer ye font 1 1 i u», aad fox one* take tbt
ri: — as tkc /ipocaccarie* arc- to all intent |
CO- i io you Vbyf;cit*> tomin-
peeferibc t
o b ft it tha' ne awre laid dontj,
tfl fociety, than to* p*
Vfrr dc&to-e. m->.Ic of era >cre a one *va* in «h:.ch ihcfc
. :d 10
■I be properly regelated,
'.rd to thCwp.
■ tt'irm err?
tuntt #« iht ■ | nmt Livtrfoell
r.'ribgate its Me-
:on- 8vo« i !,
•
i* a potapoas, rcrbofc little pamphlet, oa a Terr Pla^a
•an! Spa appears to be l tomnnn, tirre chalyl
:ica ditUnjtutihc* tie Prr-
1 d foot other i caajybcatca j for it does »ot
fpaik. -rthitijiton'j ca>
.
*a:er.
Art. 42- E fae* tbt ir<tttr> By Tooraa* iIo*U
too, M. D.
' S.ircly the MonntSlon
xjut, and hat proved almoft as p#oliac i«
KTiefirHw iftcraJ water* ia $cw
J Ii c*!til> taken fr<TTi Rotty'i
Dr. Hbdhta i rrpf-el Spa, and emptor*
■atpa/t rl ifhal follow*, r i thitjSxr,
treat in tat » water. And y« ii u very clear, from i
rfets, that the Lircrpoc^ : :;lc or no fixed air.
. -iffltaof ;: r, ami capofe the fikftui fu
npofitlon foon take* place, and an ochre
^itated. <» Itfl part lata volatilised ti.ied air, or the <
•jr.doubwdly :aa latter. is tbtt, the i
ivhjefc in En aataril lUtc » very fixed, Uj waen combitaeJ *itai
caitly voUtilMed.
Ic w well - noM that Iron Si In ficed airi ard th
dead? **V» rf»le*n? in rr-.r.y of ocaaet. But it it
from the experiment* a bota thefe naraohUu, itit the ianprcg-
» of die l,irttv i diflbived i ;jlkactd.
Totbi* BIT;iy U il<!cd an Append it. in tie accidental wfc of L-
H«?-^ Dr. HotiMnn rei'rui oat a variety of tooreet frooa «V\c\l v
•.fan raiy be deriterf, and iniii-ercnily conveyed intei \tw VioAf .
it* bc;t>CJoe.l\xu&\va «*>■«■
ajaflaWam
41a Monthly Catalogue, Medical
animal* : and fays, its external ufe alone has fometimes been attended
with pernicious effects. — * A piece of flieet lead worn upon an uToev-
a plaiiler of which lead is the principal ingredient, a poultice, or an
jnje&ion of a folution of lead, have, in certain irritable habits, pro* '
duced efforts fimilar to thofe confequent on the internal ofe of it.
Even dulling the excoriated parts of children with white-lead, fear*
been known to caufe convulfions/
Bat the whole of this fubjeel has been very fully and learnedly
difcufled by Dr. Baker, in the Medical Tranfaflions *.
Art. 43. Mtdical Confultations en various Dijcafes. Published
from the Letters of Thomas Thompfon, M. D. Phyfician to hit
late Royal Highnefs Frederic Pricce of Wales. Svo. 5 3. bound.
Hawcs, &c. 1773.
We obferve in theft Confultations, a confiderabte degree of acca-
racy in diftinguiftiing and afcertaining difeafes; and the method of
cure is in general fimple and efneacious.
That our Readers, however, may judge for thcmfclvcs, we malt
lay before them the tint confutation in the book.
C A S E I. Of a Vmiting.
* Sir, I received your letter ycilerday, refpecung the lady who is
troubled with a vomiting. The circumltances, of which you accu-
rately inform me, are, that (he is about thirty- fix years of age, and/
before the diforder feized her, was of a plump habit of body, though
bow fhc is greatly fallen off*: that this complaint firft attacked her foroe
months ago, at the time when me was a nurfe, and that the votaiu
almoft all the food (he takes, within two or three minntcs after eating.
* As it appears that me formerly enjoyed a good ftate of health, but
baa always been fomewhat delicate in her conllitution, 1 am inclined
to afcribe her pcefent complaint, not to any fixed diforder in her fl(h
roach, but merely to a weaknefs, occafioned probably by fuckling,
which is often the caufe of various disorders in delicate women ; ana
from thisconfideration I wouldentertain great hopes of her recovery. :.
* I am not in the lead furprifed that me is fcnfiblc of no benefit
from fpear- mint water, in the ufe of which, it fee ma, ihe baa fo long
perferered. That water, as far as I have obferved, contains only a
Jedative, not a ftrcngthening quality ;and where it failed of remov-
ing an irritation in the llomach, on being taken once or twice, Ijuvfl
fcldom or never known a continuance in the ufe of it attended with
any foccefs. ^ >
' What I have always found to produce the bell effects in com-
plaints arifing from a debility of the flora ach, next to the waters of
Bath, and Aix la-Chappel, are, the Peruvian bark, and Acel medi-
cines,, .-united with fome of the mod grateful bitters. To yon I mould
think it wholly unneceflary to mention any particular preicriptron;
but being confident of the laudable attention you pay to medical
feels, I mail embrace this opportunity of fpecitying a compofitioo,
which I have feveral times found effectual in curing fuch complaints.
It is aa follows :
1 R. Cort. Peruvian, crane pulver. aurantior. ana uacaasdwu,
vin. Lilbonenf. lib duas ; infunde per quatnor vel itxdies,
collacarz addc, vin. chaJybcat. uncial quatnor. •- •
* Sec alfo Review, vQ\i.xxxvm%ao>xmi. £nn&i&'teWL«Mu
i \\<sfc*
S r R M 0 K 5,
4'J
1 I commonly idvKed the piuest to ktfcia with o&c foooc&l of thu
■■■-, twice or ih-i «". ihc Cc-k gradually to
■r three foot • it it ft end that the JJocnich can bear U.
*1 ht» i; necks, or
two mortlM i but moderate exefcife, the hell cJ which it certainly
ridiogan korfebacJc, oafcht ilwivi M> U ufed along with it. I need
not mention :ke lontonuUM .i jurC; ii»a». of ufag aJirucots of the
Jipbttw kind, aad if taking them in faall qaaority ar a rime, until
the (lora*<a ha* recovered iti ilnrngth* nor y*t of preferring, x» much
•a pofi&lr, Kraaw nund, tkan wlv.it nothing it tavore icqui-
• tkc cure of Hoaicciic coaiplaiata.
' 1 OaaU be g -tccf» of our endeavour*, and
asn, Ac.
■ «3 (he time that Uie lady began t hore-Bttatkined
tinfttite, the complaint in her iloaacb ^raJjtill/ abated, and in the
. of tY/octoctas were c ,;ireJy removed.'
N. ft. There arc &mc tj-poj.apVical wad OlkCff error i, which the
] 'i:i i (1 oi ' . hat i -': ■;> c re no aancft*
ii o r a y y.
Art. 44. W* Urioirfii BstaniJ and N*Tferym<tx> &(. By Ri-
■bMWaten, l-.u]. Vcd.UL Svo. 5 a. jd. Board*. Bell, &c
• 77*.
See Review, t©1. all*, p. I TO, and red. xW. p. 137. In thl* vo-
of klr. Wcfion'i valuable work, the hcrbi, £owc;:f and b*I-
a roo<» are continued.
P O K T I C A L.
c. 7*/!/ Brit'fb Sftuter \ or% Sta& Jft/iatrt : Contaioint;
-tlrbtated Ffoloffuea and F.pUogaei, that hate rven lately
ftx»ken in th«? different Theatre », &c |iao. is. od. R->-
fwi, &
The Edtftw profe&i thnt Kti defijn, in giving this collecliott
ic<« en our modern pliyii i» to make young per-
the art *>f ftwtiig* Thit triy, poll;
he alfcwed ; but when be addt that th'fe prologue*,
upon the n:indi of the faid \c uae, petfoni ft*timi*i»
1 will bo apt to laake tkeir htjd%
rrly tefet» :o tkc reologuc to Shi 0V«/i /»
/-, or to tk* critogue fpolcen in the character of Dr.Sijoimum?
Alt, 46. The AjjUm; a Pjem. By a G ian, 4-0, ai
tlkuam, and PotT, tie not Ivoorimoos terms,
S £ R M O N ii.
L We A'*/»r# MtJfijtf^: tf j^rfV'/y- —Preached before hit Cruc.
itclbim-, ibe 4th of July 1
Pariib Ckorth ot Skip, lake, in, OxrahMkUl* By Jaanca Uraage.',
Vicar, -vo. 6 J. paviej.
oicred L11 knirai.it/ and good fenfe, ar^,
we taay adi mX tnc caufe of brvn awimm
oppciition :o tkede «ilcx brotei *ho ait at if they thougat tbry had
• Set Rnkw, vol xhii. p. 4901
414 Sermons.
an unqoeftionable right to treat tbem with feveritjr and! entity. He
now appears in behalf of a virtue which is certainly of high import-
ance and necelfity to the well being of fociety, and to the comfort of
individuals : would the votaries ot indolence or of plea fa re, who form
fo confiderable a part of mankind, be pcrfuaded to read his perform-
ance, it mighty perhaps, prevail with ihem to think of living to
feme valuable purpole.
As Mr. Granger prefixed a kind of humorous, though not lmpro-
iicr, dedication to his former fermon, he preferves fomewhat of the
ante method in the prcfent, which is introduced by the following
addrefs : To the inhabitants of the parijb c/"Shiplake, ivho neglrff the
Jirrwf of the chimb, and f fiend the Sabbath in the ivcrft kind of Idle*
nefs, ibis plain fermon, which they never beard, and probably ivillntvtr
read, is injeribed, by their Jineere ixtll ivijher, andfaitiful minifler, \3c.
The fermon is plain, fenfible, and very well adapted to recom-
mend and inrorce the virtue propofed. A fliort extract, from that
part of the difcourfo which eoi;fidcrs the importance of indntiry, niff
give our Readers lome new of his manner :
' It was a principle of indultry, obferves our Preacher, as welTu
benevolence, that originally brought mankind into communities, atd
prompted them to regulate and fecuxe them (elves by laws. To tab
we owe the origin of thole occupations and callings which are necet
fary to the fupport, ornament, and defence of the commonwealth.
We may conuder induftry as the bond of all political onion; at
without it mull follow a total diflblution of all order and government.
It is to this we owe the improvement of thofe talents in which the per-
fecTtion of human nature confide ; as it quickens our apprehenfiov,
fUtngthens our rcafon, and ripens our judgment. Hence arifes dut
harmony which we fee in well governed Hates, and all the advantages
in morals, arts, and learning, which we have over uncivilized and
barbarous nations. Nothing but want, diforder, and confuson*
would reign in the world without it : infecurity of proper ry, raping
and violence, mull ncceflarily<enfce from the neglect of it ; and mv>
kind, like brutes, would prey on and deilroy one another. We may
regard a Date or commonwealth, as one great machine, and all this
nleful members of it as the feveral fprings from which it derives ha
jriotion ; feme having greater and others lefs operations ; bat all
mull aft together in order to the uniform and juft movement of the
whole ; and the leall cf thefe fprings may, in its proper office, be as
ofeful as the greateft. !n a well ordered government, the fevenl
degrees and fubordinationi of men one to another, are efleotUl to
the regulation of the whole fvftcm. The hnlbandman, the builder,
the artizan, and the fcholar, are all neceffary in their different em-
ployments, and are under an obligation to promote the general good*
by being induftrious in their various occupations.*
We mall Only obferve, that while Mr, Granger recommends fndtn-
try from the pulpit, he has, in one in fiance at Ieaft, manrfeftedbii
own regard to it, we mean by his Biographical Hiftory of England,
which was publifhed in 1769; a fecond edition of which, we n*
told, will foon make its appearance* See an accoant of this work
ia oar iteviirw, vol. xli. p. 206. •
It i
Coins
NNUPN c r.
4»$
A diearlful !';> <iefcribcd and improver! j Bciajj s par*
and
of tbe terrible D :cd at thr- B.riJta, hetwrefl
Caalbroorc Lilc and JJuik. t(r
I — 01) I'KOv!. I D.iV, OH
tke R COacovrfe B) fotui
i of A>f*driy in Shropfliire, ard chaplain to the Pari or" Be
.. Buck -'ft, fre,
Mf. r'lctcfeei, who is a o.to of leinrng, and eorfiderable abili-
ties, has [ui en in a carious account ofcuis phcuonK ion, hIucu huh
beca fu> ficqtcr.:!/ nc/Jtioc:d in our aero-papers. He has mlnu
Hat age, de'oSlsr ! I apporances left
I . this cxiiao.-iJin.ir)* cr.fiv.-.lioa of the Bftftll :h#
rupture happened ; ncd he fairly hV.es the diifercnt Ofinson* wh
v-crc funned, ia regard to the caufc of fo wotw . bjr
tbofe who. ^ well *\ hinfclf, went to ii£t the pi ~ I nc party,
be leliscs, have feppoled thai the i they behrFd was ocea-
a jlip of ikt ercund towards the Stv kid •■>
derrwed iu banks ; while other* impute it to an < rthnjaaJe*, TL§
a/gvnacott urged in fupport of e-ch of i\i:fc opinions, arc hc:c par*
ticuJarl/ miLcd ; but Mr. Fletcher Delia oa dbat, fv bi* own parr,
hcing led. S"j:a hy hu en it aed :*;;. c&t
the nijUc/ies o: heaven, than to ft/ o tin ire the p^eoorneua of tha
1, and to point more toward (I
N-ture ; ae psouCy chofe ta ukc j
by ilau aiarntag oeettrrenw on the minds of
order to prrfi upon them a proper Cm ft of the /*/ or a*ra.' ciul:
fo tr«nv»do<at a diizeniatxin. And t.iis br has done, in a marncr
an rauona] -» could well be ei~ ;i;d, from tic peeuHari:v o»* the oc-
caiioa, and the kucr.ni ei
CORRESPONDENCE.
IT M as far fram sIk us, a* Jr <!nce, of the
JL-Montnlf Reviewer*, tr> *|T Jrhkrr*
between rhe eurochial clergy in J I , or lay Other eon^-rd-
ing partitiv Lr.Iucxily, honavcr, in the coiirie cf our proper doty,
wc ventured to hax-rd .1 bio. on t.x tielica: itioo.
fo* ik that tith 10 be abolwted. irf
>0B of fane fflorc f«il *rrr there no ^Vr- •
jetfson to t m m than that cog -:"i fourc*
. blood between the tempo**) - aeo.
In oar Review lor S.
jodicum letter em tli ;-f .
\*» baiever tl (; ■ rleroaa though: 1
they bate pot, it feecM, nether Co;
1 1> has honoarcd ui »irh fj«>c anina^vcrfions v
which, bowercr. tliou^h very candidly ur^cd, are not altog
n, ts well as /**-
M utlocment of Ignd 111 ben of tnhc^, a* itnpraCUCflbl
• This was effeSed uith retjard to tar Loudofi cUi^v ,b>j »0» %>*%
4*6 CoRRESPONDSWCJf;
•
one farther objection to it, which, reafoning«as a clergyman, oogfit
certainly to be admitted : viz. * that the incumbent might, through
negligence or avarice,- deliver the farm to his fucceffor, fo greatly
lmpoverimed and beggared, as not to produce, for many yean to
come, more than halt the value of the tithes. This we know, by
experience, frequently happens in the cafe of glebe lands.' We may
therefore ccafe to wonder at the heart-burnings between the clergy
and the farmers, when we find that the former cannot even coa&de
in each other, in a trull of this nature ! But lea vine this circamHancc
to the reflection of thofe whom it may concern, it remains for .as
only to jnftify our opinion in favour of fubflituting a parochial af-
feffment, or tithe rate, as an univerfal modus.
WiltamUnfit admits, in general terms, that tithes ought to be tett at
' a moderate rate ; but we are furry to find that when this moderatioa
is to be carried into act, he cannot part with the ' difiinctioa be-
tween the rtnt of the land, and the valut of its frodxee.* The nature
of the rate we recommended, has already been lufficicntly explained,
and therefore need not be repeated ; nor are we willing to enter into
intricate diflinclions, which oftener tend to perplex, than to dad-
date a fubject. The farmer well knows, to his frequent difappoiat-
ment, that rent is certain, while crops arc variable ; and it u .na-
tural to think that an incumbent would, for that very reafon, bcia-
duccd to prefer a regular II ate J income to an uncertain produce;
without repining when Providence blefies the hulbandman with a ba-
lance in his favour, to fweeten his toil. As to clergymen being
4 liable to be impofed on by collufions between landlord and tenant,'
and ' the extream difficulty there would be in getting at the real
value of thofe many eftates which are occupied by their reipecufc
owners ;' it need only be replied that the fame power which efia-
bliHies a competition for tithes, can fecure the clergy from thofe
collufions and difficulties, as far as human means can fecure then:
and even if fome fuch inconveniences mould fhll remain, what are
they but the common lot of human affairs ? Government is -fame-
times impofed on, and fo are individuals, when knavery prevails:
and can it appear reafonable that the clergy mould expect ftroagtr
fecurity than the reft of mankind enjoy, in tlieir temporal concerns \
Wihonitnjit introduces another apology for the clergy, in regard to
their infilling on tithing their parifli without abatement. * 1 soot
heartily join with you, fays he, in applauding the benevolent fpirit
of your Correfpondcnt. But let it be confidered, on the other hand,
at what expence the clergy are educated, that a great majority of
them are very poorly provided for, and that their incomes, fuch as
they are, always die with them : fo that if a haf of bread be not
wanting in tbilr cwn families while they live, God knows it is too
often the cafe when they are taken from them.' Any man of com-
mon fcnfibility, independent of that regard fo juftly due to the cle-
rical profeflion, will ftnccrcly lament that this mould ever be the
cafe: but clergymen are at leaf in as good afituation as other claflb
cf men whofe employments are pergonal, and whofe incomes die with
them ; yet fucb families, where eeconomy is not wanting, are nofi
when thofe events take place, marked out by peculiar diilrefs.—
However tender the fubjeft may be, truth may lurely be hinted J%
without incurring the ttnfutt of ' Dtejudicc againil the clergy ofi&t
dahoM
CoiRESPOMDIHCr,
4>7
eflaMifried cburcb,* or of defending to Comaoo-JpItOt reflecUons.
If a clergyman, poffefM of a warm comfortable living, is not
prematurely Outcried away, »f>d if he can be cortrnt with makiae a
:r, iuit«J tr> hit intfimc ;iod (hanger, mthoat (mi-
kn family to tmuUte the ri»| of the mocl
: of lias parila (a fau!t of whit!
avdtofaurdat ring their 01 - * exenp-
taoa fVcm huraaa iaSraLitics* j c lily to 5t expected from thta) h;s
fjmilj- wculd not be fo ha Me to be Jeft destitute, and thrown opoa
' mufic meetings fjr charitable fuppoic. It may be added, that
tbovgh a I 1 foi the widows of tae gentlemen of the ar-
:fed **<rx tbmfifwj ; and we apprehend that the church ,
colleelrvely, ii rich tnoogh, however unvaval!v her cmolomencs may
be divvied, to adopt fome fuch plan, with equal credit, niihout hav-
io* recourfc to fcheraes of amui'cracat in order to ectice ihc pablic
to Dear the border) for them*
Oar Correspondent profctfet moderation in general term*, but be
cemmrft* it u-ith a fiving daufe exteaiivc eooo->h to tUitroy *.'.' tie
eperittM of this virtue, in tfee prefcr.t csfe* * MeJtraSitm,' (ayj he,
in all rarka of men, is confcJci to be a quality highly cocamend*
able ; aad I will add, il.-t a U more particularly to be expetted i'a a
clergyman. But Chriftinc moderation does nor rcqaire even a cler-
gyman to be eafy aad indifferent, when he apprehend* :he snterclta
. r to be at Sake. There i» lb* a call upon him in point
of do:r, \ a dcfc&d thofc inttreth to the uimo(t« even though tUy
lUoald be of a temporal nature.' 3c is very natural for a clergyman
to throat it sctpfo'per I rci.it I it prrterifions in any point
tbat he m«y rvppofe toafec~t hit own InceM \ hUordtf |
and tai» co'iduM naay be expected in every clafs of mankind. Let
it rot be forgot, hoTvcver, thst i; the confent of the clergy bad been
twrglit iiccclTiry by Hcmy VIII. jud Elrcabctfcj wc iliuuld haTC
:a raonaltic foundations to rhts dsy, nor cooJd the
ir<l h.ive been froi from a dependence on that o{"
Roma. But are lecjiHativc hodt >.■ rwti*Ia light,
■ icn guardian] ct t'.i. of mil on
-;Jori t U it not their peculiar province to t.
rroperto be enjoyed by particular daffr .
icgftid to xhir welfare or" •. eollcAsvcty I In ell
fiance, however, no invafion of clerical rights is intended or r-
for; Uitoelyan alteration in ".he rioic ol raj&aglh< prcfcnt image
value of their ii bes : the fcit!in^j _ rcr,u-
i '..merit is calculated to free thedervy from tie em>-
m—'t • f coUecUeg tl ty pe-
cas'u i*| fo incoaitllrnt With their fpi ritual engajp
r of the ccrdulity that ought to (ubfiil b- .
am! tSeii docks.
■rar'ra/j that cc: I_»ill beg leaw, Gentf-rmen, ia tfte
aaofl rnovM ttrtat, to conclude uith a bint, in ivhkh yoorfei .
i e*ers efthe«ork ol litewtare, are nearly cnoccrncd.
iscitflcarrriag would rnort .■
trnded pricTapec oitiihct
?xtice *cw, tiia \i hat bee a r>n» fi* '
r.t and precarious nvode of ^tov^i.
j|i8 Correspondence.
clergy be adopted in the room of it.* A gentleman interested on the
clerical Mr of this qucilion m:.y be expected to defcribe the dangers
of any alteration, in as l*ror.g terms as his apprt-hcnfione may die-ate;
but to fay that tithes are ro more a grievance no**, than they hive
been from the beginning, as i; is faying nothing, it requires no an-
fwer. Let it be noted however, that a permanent eitabUihment, fo
permanent as to be Reeled only by thofe circumRances that muft
equally affect the property of all other claflc* of men, ill defmei the
epithets of * a deficient and precarious mode of provision :" finer,
notwithllanding any thing that has yet been urged to the contrary,
neither the interelts of learning, nor thofe of the clergy, appear to be
neglected in it.
Having thus, without referve, yet we hope without offence, ex-
hibited fuch rcafons as occurred to us in favour of parochial tithe-
rates, in anfwer to two very fen&ble Correfpoadents-, who we ttnft
will credit us with being above any little prejudices in the argument! I
we wilh to be rcleafed from continuing a conrraverfy from which
there is no advantage in profpeel, on either fide, deilring to prefe/ve
the good -will of all orders of men, fo far as the general interefts of
literature, and the enjoyment of the ucred right of private judgment,
will permit.
*»• If Remembrancer had paid the requisite attention to our
fuond Article on Mifs Ai kin's Poems, and particularly to tht **a ^
in p. 136 of the Review for February, he would, perhapsr' have
ipared him felt the trouble of reminding us that wc * ought to hate
noted1 the fair Writer's * defects as weH as beauties.*
Is not our Correfpondcnt guilty of another oversight, when he if-
ferts that we have diltinguiftied the Lady's Poem on Corsica at the
leji of her performances i We do not obferve that we have {aid any
thing like it. His remark, however, on one line of that poem,
does not fcem impertinent, viz. fpeaking of Liberty, fhe fays, ' j
" 'Tis heaven's beHgi/t, and muft be bought with blood."
Here is certainly an appearance of fome incongruity; for, as" oar
Correfpondcnt intimates, 2. gift is not ufually considered as -^ purcU.fi. .
Wedo not think the flight fimilitude which Rkmfmbrakceb has
obferved between one image in her Deli a, and another in Mr Cart*
Wright's Arminf. and Elvira#, amounts to any proof of a want of
originality in either inftance; nor does it appear -which of the two
poems was firft written, although the lall- mentioned piece was firB
publifhcd*
Our Correfpondent's remark, that ' though it would otherwife be
ignoble to attempt to difcover faults, when thofe faults are fo well
concealed among the numberlefs beauties, yet, as it might prove (be
means of a ilricter attention in her for the future, it would be a real
kindnefs, — is doubtlcfs very jail, and will hold equally good if ap* <
plied to every other author : — which thofe young and hafty writers
who pafs in review before us will do well to bear in mind.
fit We have, this Month, received fcveral Letters written to re-
mind us of certain late publications, which have not yet appeared il \
our Review. Our Correfpondents may be allured that the books sb
Jaded to will not be overlooked. . . »' j
* For an account of xWcxcxWrux. y*m> *» *«i . fe« Bos* «W»
w
THE
MONTH LY REVIEW,
For DECEMBER, 1773.
Ate. I. Tht PUu tf&'ittioM M>*h/}tart. With the Corrcflions aa<_
Uluftratioru of'varioiii Commcmuoti; to whicfc ut added, AWm,
by Samuel lohnfon and George Steevem. With an Appendix.
8rO. ioVoIj. 3 1, bound. Bacharft, &C. i; \.
A MONG the accumulated proof* of the high efteem in
^-^ which the writings of Shakcfpeare are held, in the prc-
; *gc, v»c bu) coniiJcr the multiplicity of editions which
hu plays have undergone, in a tew years, as not the Jeaft*
This multiplicity, perhaps, furpafib all other examples in the
annalt <'f iifnttirr : Such a tribute of pratfe, we believe, has
rc»-cr been paid to any ether writer. — But the Immortal Bar J
(who, noflibly, by the way, never imagined thar his works
wosiM nar« paffed a fecond edition) richly oVfcrves. every ho-
nour thst can be paiJ to the memory of To aftooiuVng «< geru'u
aod to the txALrxi>, and almofl infinitely various, m<;it of
....
Shakefpeare, as Dr. Johnfon has obfcrved, * begins now
to aiJume the dignity of an ancient, and claim the p-ivilegc of
1 iflicd fame, and p c vennatian. He has oitttitrrd
hi* century, the term commonly fixed as the teft of literary me-
rit. VTlateva adi anfagjea he mi^bt once dctivc from perianal
aKunons, local culrom., or temporary opinions, have foe many1
n been i nit i anJ ercry topic of merriment, or motive of
«v, which the a) life aft' ., now
obfeure the fecne* which ihryoacc illuminated. The ef-
faces of favour and corup?:itiun arc at an end ; ihr tradition of
his fricnJfh pa and h» en Till tea tus pen (he J i his works fupport
no opinion with arguments, nor lupply any fa&.on with mi-
veciives ; th*y can neither indulge vanity, nor gratify malig-
icad without any other icafon than the defire of
Vol. XL IX. Ke f\t»bat«*
410 Johnfon and Steevena'f Edition of Sbaiefpfare's PUfu
pleafure, and are thcrcfotc praifed only as pleafure is obtained 5
yet, thus unaffifled- by intereft or paflkm, they have palled
through variations of tafte, and changes of manners, and, as
they devolved from owe generation to another, have received
new honours at every tranfmifiion.'
* The plays of Shakcfueare,* as Mr. Steevens remarks in his
preface prefixed to his edition of Twenty efthe old JgaarJ* Ctfies •»
• have been fo often republifhed, with every feeming advantage:
which the joint labours of men of the firft abilities could pro-
cure for them, that one would hardly imagine they could ftancf
in need of any thing beyond'tlluftration of fome few dark paf-
fages/ Yet thofe who attentively perufe the account given by
this accurate Scholuft of the induftryand labour required in ctf-
klimg ami faithfully collating the old copies (and to the toH of
which he appears to have mofl zealoufty and cheerfully fubmit-
ted) will be convinced that much, after all, remained to be ac-
complished, in order to do that juftice to the fame of this:
Prince of Poets, which the more curious and difcerning of his'
admirers would exped from a competent Editor. For notwtth-
ftdnding the pains bellowed in reviling, and commenting on,
his works, by the Rowes, the Theobalds, the Hamncrs, ami
even the Popes and Warburtons, who have fucceilively repub-
lished them, it might ftUI be faid that almoft innumerable er-
rors eluded their fearchy and that many of their corijedufaf
emendations only ferved to ' ebfimre tbt fifties' they meant to
* iikfiratt* — How much is4 it to be lamented that the Great
Bard did not happily prevent all the injuries which his works
have received from the rude hands of their earlieft publifhers,
and all the difficulty of restoration (the main object of the
prefent revifal) which hath fo often defeated the laudable views
of the later Editors, by giving, himfelf, a complete edition of
them f— But, as Dr. J. has remarked, * it does not appear that
Shakefpeare thought his works worthy of poftcrity, that he levied
any Mm tribute upon future times, or had any further profpect
than that of prefent popularity, and prefent profit/ When his
plays had been acled, the Doctor imagines that his hope was
at an end i and that * he folicited no addition of honour from
the reader/ — * So carelefs was this great poet of future fame,
that though he retired to eafe and plenty, while he was yet
little dnltntd htti the vale $f years , before he could be difgufied
with fatigue, or difabled by infirmity, he made no collection of
his works, nor de fired -to refcue thofe which had been already
•Sec aJhort account of this edition, in the 34th volume of oar
Review, p. 237.
published
Johof^n ami Stccvciia'j ££u*m «/ SwbJftarSs Pkyt. 421
puolifbed* from the depravations that objured them, or fecure
-,r tclr a ten.-. - . by giving them to the h tuir
ite.'
irg is this ir.difTerenec to the file of hi*
: Author of fuch admirable production?, — who
icfigo-f hi* g\ jtiom to the
ovngiing of l-cu Vandal pubhiher*! The tcnJc<ni6
of an Au'ho: for the fru l if his biaia, Inch often been com-
pared to that < for their children I bur, ihnce
bcfu.'c M, Sfukcfpearc, lb juftly llylcd ne >jieat Pott of Na-
ture, ftevni to hive b<en» of all parent*, trr.' moli unnatural $ J
What an am*iin£ contrail doc* tbtt negligence of lame- af-
ford to the suuicty of Cicero sad l'Ji:y, e& 10 ik*
tfy which the,- hoped for, a. id even earncftjy loliciicd, IC
xbe ha
tion come* recommended 10 the public under
the tan&iu 1 =wu rcfj>:
title page. Dr-JohnlonV edition of Shakeipeare was tail printed
• BV'Oi* piayen, from no better eopie*. perhapj (nt Mr. Popa
rcasaxkO «b*n the prtmptr'i rW, or fiut~m**t f*rit% wi
for it* uk- if t lie acta ay ruar«s arc *<imetiiiic», throi
CafttcJfrefi. t<t den d i>: the Ptrjwm* D'awa/r, ; while in
Cjlttr*, the oc :tici] to the ptftriy.mt* *cir their ***«*i^/,
r for th Led inev the text. r'rora
.;>.. 1 n.'. iad h l< fu e fs i nihe copier** who wore
nccr*, .ire we to
1
. a? Dr J. ecpretfa It, than perhapi em
. v other Writer. B ndejlully do the j^vcli
emit their udiaacc tbro't'r .- ibhlDl in win. h they havcbeci
\ Dr. - rmwcirr. liai thii fi
i£diffetc%t« in a*tkcl'peaj*l u\\\ur..r nnr, ivhieti Is, we***, much
wore profcxble, at well f> thu rn the
, . *• Jtopcd, mm j.'l aatun I
!'i;c
1 <. * ol faUtC
; itl
1 • nuance* them witN 1:1 paweri, aad
iinw^nhf to oe pre -of
fOUovixrg age* were to contend i<>r the feme of jcllotitij lad
A Hewi ftr tht P.ixrm.
• as been painted, lefirefciniiijj Gairick, c
byTra^<d; < cdv.« Might not a fioiilar ihoujcht caif ?
:ofvuglu* Iloarc, or a KcynyU* :— 3h*
*ddre .
propr. -r^n-rr, fauv tbf iter.
L e 2 1
422 Jobofon and Steevens'r Edition of SBakefi tart's Plays*
in 1765; and was amply cbnfidered in bur Reviews for that
year, Mr. Steevens's (eparate publication of the Twenty Piayt
came out in the year following, and was briefly but refpe&-
fully rcgiftered in our Journal, at the time of its appearance, as
mentioned in the firft note of this article.— As thofe perform-
inces may be deemed fuflkienr indications of what the Public
might ex peel from the critical talents of tbefe Gentlemen, it
will probably be thought unnecefTary for us to enlarge on the
particular merits of an undertaking, executed under the joint
aufpiccs of fcholiaft*, whofe abilities for a work of tfeis kind
are fo well known, and fo generally admitted.
With refpecl to what has actually been performed by the
pfefent Editors, Mr. Steevens, who teems to have had by much
the largeft (hare in the undertaking, has given an account©?
it, in his preliminary advertifement. The detail of particulars
would take up too much of our fcanty room ; and therefore1 we
{ball only obferve on the whole, that enough, in our opinion,
has been done 10 render this the befl edition of Shakefpeart*s
dramatic works which hath yet been offered to the Public.
The plays are preceded (as in Dr. John fern's former edition)
by a collection of prefaces, written by the moft confiderable of
Shakefpeare% editors \ and we cannot but commend the prefenfi
publilhers fur {till retaining them, as they urtquefttonably com*
prebend a great variety of remarks on the genius and writing*
of the Author, many of them learned &nd inftru&ive— others
ingenious and curious — and all of them entertaining to the at-
tentive and critical reader.
Dr. Johnfon's elaborate preface ftands firft; and is hew re-
printed with.no alteration, or addition, except a decent com-
pliment to his colleague, introduced at the end of the piece*
The Doctor's prefatory difcourie is followed by an adver-
tifement of confiderable length, from Mr. Steevens. This pre-
vious addrefs we have already mentioned. To this paper is
fubjoined a very large catalogue of thofe tranflated authors, to
many of whom reference has been made, in the difputet re-
lating to a queftion which, by fome critics, hath been deemed
of much importance, — the Ltarning of Shalcefpeare : n point
which we join with Mr. Steevens in pronouncing to have been
decifivelv fettled by the Rev. Mr. Farmer's judicious pamphlet:
fee Review, vol. xxxvi. p. 153. Mod of the obfervations con-
tained in this ingenious tra& are, we find, interfperfed among
the very numerous notes and various readings with which this
edition is enriched.
Next to Mr. Steevens's preface, and the lift of thofe Greek
and Roman poets, orators, &c. who had been rendered accef-
fible to Shalcefpeare, by the old Englifh tranflations, we hare
the dedication and preface of the two players, Hemingt and
Ctndeil,
Johafon a*I ScccrtnsV Edit:** ifSlfrhfitart's Phjs. 413
CUnitii9 ptetixed to tke firft folio edition, o' 161 j ; which was
1 > after (he Author's death : and it (he r.rft
cclicctkxi or his work*.
Pope's preface comes next; anJ then wc have
Thcnbaid's. Fi'llowio^ the order of time in which the edition*
appeared. Sir thomas IJanmcr's preface is gwen ; and thb is
ceded by R*Ihop Warburton's. Mr.Steevenj'sadvertifcrnent
to hii edition of the Twt/ity Phji, follows the ttifbop's critical
pci/uimancc ; and the rc-i • of this pr^farorv proccffion it
brought up by Ro*c"» Ufi of Shakefpeare. To Mr. Kowe's
axeenmtfeur tdkon ha»r ..- following pafTagr, which,
ivforna us, Mr. i'ope related, as communicated to him by
Mr. Kawc; »ic
*! In the time of Etbuhcth, coaches being yet uncommon,
and bared coaches not at all in ufe, th«/c who were too proud,
loo tender, or too idle 10 w.ilk, went an horirbsck to any dif-
unt out: 11c ft or diversion. Many came on horfeback to the
play, aod when .Stiakefprarr fled to London, from the icrr tf of
a criminal prolccuoon, hi» f\ti\ expedient was to wall
door sf the playhouic*, fuid hold the hoifcs o( Ihufc who had
no ferrant, that tncy might be ready again after the perform-
^rrcc. In this office he became fo coiifpicuous for his care and
readiness, that in a (hort time every man 11 he alighted called
lor Will bhakefpeare, and fcarccly any other MajtCJ was (rutted
with a taorfc while Will Shakefpeare could be. had. Thi* wai
the twit dawa of better fortune. bhaltcfpcsn more
borl'ca put into hit hind than he? could bold, hired boy* to
wait under ho ir.lpcction, who, when Will was tummoncd,
were iimncdralcly to prefent thciulclves, I am S&ahffiOnfi hj%
Sir. In tine Shakefpeare found higher employment j boc as
long as the practice of riding to the playhoufc continued, tlsc
wai-ees rhat held the boifes retained the appellation of Sbihf-
ptmrjx lij}$." — This lalt-rncntioncd circumftancc Li new.
To the tenth and laft volume of rMl edition is adde.l a large
ApftnAiXi confuting of note* *rhieh were communicated by cor-
respondent*, or collected from publiflied volumes, fince the
• W* had nearly forgotten to .Mention the copy of SiiJcefpcare'a
which is 1 «;es, fire alfothe
copy of an ieitrumerit from the Herald** OSt, cr. ;o the
Editor* by John Anflis, Rfl)| Utrter Kin- >: Arm. n> the
grant 01* a C>«r to bhakefpeare, on the BVritf ct hii .-ineeflors, aod
by wbico it appears tfcxc hii family had, at that time, eoatiancd in
Waiwickihirc, " Uy {ornedefecnts. in good repetition aod credit."
f Rowe'i Life of Shakefpeare, Dr. J. cbfer«c«, i> snitlfq wkhooi
%;*nce Or ft>mt ; but he retain l it at the belt account that ha* beea
fftcn vfpmxuhn 00! generally known betor;.
424 Burn*/ M0j£dtnj Sermons.
impreffion of the plays was completed. Among thefe commu-
nications wc obferve a letter from the Rev. Mr. Farmer J dc»
fore-mentioned ; containing a pretty long feries of annotations;
wherein it has been a favourite point with tbe ingenious Author,
to fupport Shakefpeare's old text, againft the attacks of former.
commentators : which is tbe grand object of Mr. Steevens
himfelf.
« Id this Appendix too (but not among Mr. Farmer's notes)
we find the curious difquifition concerning the provocative virtues
of the potatce ; with which the news -paper wits have made
themfelvcs, if not their readers, fo extremely merry. There
is certainly too much of this luxurious piece of natural hirlory,
with, perhaps, no truth for its foundation; and we apprehend
our learned Editors have gone pretty far out of their way to
bring it in. The name of Collins ftands at the foot of this
long note; which is given as a comment on a pailage in Trains
and Crejpda\ where Theriitcs talks of " The Devil Luxury,
with his fat rump and potato* finger ." Shnkefpeare a!fo ftrongly
alludes to the fame fuppofed quality of this root, in the Merry
Wives of Windfor: " Let the flcy rain potatoes, hail kiflmg
comfits, and fnow eringoes ; — let a tempeff of provocation zemt.
All this ferves to (hew, however, that the root itfclf, whatever
may bi: its qualities, has been longer known in England than
is generally imagined.
Wc fhall now clofe this article, in the words of Mr. Farmer,
as they ftand at the beginning of his letter to Mr. Steevens: —
*■ The edition you now offer to the Public, approaches much
nearer to perfection than any that has yet appeared ; and, 1
doubt not, will be the ftandard of every future one." "The
fentence dees not terminate elegantly; but we heartily aHopt
the writer's opinion.
X This gentleman is of Emanuel College, Cambridge.
Art. JI. Mifttllauy $ermoust txtraQtd tbiify from tie Works cf 'Divinn
Mf the loft Century, 8vo. 4 Vols. 1 1. Boards. Cadell. 177;.
THE fermons compofed by many of the Englifli Protcftjht
divines of the lair age, may be rea.l with peculiar advan-
tage, by all who have a prevailing regard for manly (enfe, anJ
plain truth, delivered in honed and blunt language. They were
not, indeed, of the delicate race of your refined court preacher?,
who " fcorn to mention hell to ears polite.*' Not fo the worthy
champions of the church who fought the good fight a cenrary
ago. They were not only difpofcd to render to God the things
that were God's, but they thought it incumbent on them alfo to
give Satan his due ; and if a profpeel of the bHfs of heaven would'
not femot men to tread vhe, ytifc& of txojiteoufnefs, they fcrup'eJ
- ■ mol
Burn'* KTijitilxvj Strmxt*
♦*5
or to difpUy to thci; [be fatal kite rjiativc, in all ici ter-
. — En ;;u:h, provided teforaaa:ion **s wrought* they were
ot ever-nice about the means ulcd for accooi;> > de-
ft purpofc. Whc:hc; //*?* of Fntr were the moving
c, the choice or difference of the motive gave them
ttlc concern. If the Rock v. J by cither mwns, the
nerable flaepherd was hzpp) in the idea of rm own inftrurnen-
tty toward eifc&ing fo good a work.
It wuuM be no ui u:ufiublc anMtfcimcnf, to conflJcr the
anget that hive happened in the modes of fcinglifn preaching,
noc the full eftabliuW.cnt of the icfLrrnation, in the b.
i«n of Eliwheth. On this head, rh<r EDJieor of Efec coile&son
fix'e as hath the following very fcnliblc ob(cr»ation> ; which
preface : ^
• The method of infcrurtion from lie po!pir, ft*nc« the revirsl of
kingdom, hath undergone virion* cfcae^cs. Da-
ng ca : lI»c -Sixth, Q»ccn
Mazy, af.d <>oeen Kliuherh, it was. from the rircum&anrri nr ikr
rime*, nverely eontrrwerfial ; if it wit al*o in a great meifiire ia the
n* King James tlm Firll, hut altered loc the worfr, by so oAvu
utio« of learning, a quaiaintls of exprcfliors, and en aftctation oi
puns and quibbles. It. Lie former part of the reign of King Charles
k, the flyle became more rational and tcrnperat -
hiX whole proi ■-, ihofe let mans, which I
Qucer.i conliantiy frequented and tilbened to »itn attention, were
wAat woald hare been thought at this day uofurTcraoly tedious and
f«n the downfill of epifcopacy, in the latter end of the reign
of Kinp; Cba/Ies the Fiii-, came in an unlettered Crtbf, who did not
mtnd efc« matter at aU. They did pot melted (foe a very obvious
ration) weary the audience * ■iir. L-tiu ... .1 Greek nuotntiMn
she l;atbcn, but what they could the/ did j tlicy ranucked in.
/row one end to the other fa pi n<.h was an
ine.thaulUble fund for ckeing out An extemporary crTufion to any-
given length; and an hoar-giafs waa placed by them, whereby to
tfliraatv the quantity o4 :acirlabour,
1 Bat th" icd citcropore, ye: it was not commonly
without feme kiiul ol preconceived plan, ■ ;d the Ikctth
•.lines of their intended dll which, for th? fake of me-
mory, was divided and fabdividrd into number lets brancaes. *4«<1
deed was the cafe to a great rsaatoro of their worn leat'.ed
pcedccaiToo. To formthoota terra on of an hour, ur (-1 It fomc-
ticca happened) tiro tvuia lus;;, it Wt» ticcclbry 10 u*c a Urge
pais, nod -ji-.ide :Xe fubject toto'01 anil those into
OtW» and othcrf again ; and the fame a idly,
jdb% over and over, tnc hearer was :
and what *aa intended far perfpicuity became the occafion of con-
* The rcl^n of Chnrlei the'SoCond was eflceuiei!, v.*l .
(ervedly, an a*c of learnme ; aot from any exiiaordinary A^jtccn*^
Ec 4 »«
\i6 Burn'; MifctUeny. Strmwh "
like encouragement from the prince, but from this, caufit: durhljj
the usurpation of Oliver Cromwell, mod of the clergy of liber* Ledtf-.
cation and genius, being difplaced from their offices in the diurcU,
had lei fur* to apply thole faculties to ftudy, which, if they bad con-
tinued in their functions, would have been employed in the fcenes of
active life. Thele, upon the re ft oration of King Charles the Second*.
f hone out with redoubled luftre. Thofe twelve years of afurpatkw^
which (fo far as one can judge from the printed difcourfes of -dx>Gr
times) did not produce one rational preacher, laid the foundation of
a glorious fupcrftructure in the next fucccecHng period. But .flvtl
the length of fermons was not much dirainifhed, and in that age of
diflipation began to be looked upon as a grievance. Inforauch that
the Hon. Robert Boyle com po fed an eflay on purpofe of confolation
againil long fermons, but in the conclulion he takes occafion to with .
nevcrthelefs that the clergy would confine themfelves to their nout> '
Had he lived half a century longer, he would have found a conddep-
able reformation in this particular. Perhaps we may be now haftea^
ing into the other extreme. It fecmeth indeed to be fomewhat oo* -
accountable, that a congregation, who would think thcmftlKj. -
cheated and ill- u fed if they had not a fermon preached to (hem*: yet.*:
will univerfally agree, that the fljorter it is, the better.* .- .-
In explaining the particular defign of this republication ff
jcompofitions which appeared in the laftage, Dr. Burn* proterpa '■
that his intention is * only to revive, and, as it were, modemia*
certain works of genius, which were the productions chiefly o/
divines of the laft century ; and that, not of thofe divines of
that period, who are yet in deferved cftcem and reputation, bur. ,
of fuch whofe works are almoft configned to oblivion i antf;
confequently this revival of them may have fomething even of
novelty to recommend it.'
By this time the Reader is impatient to learn the names of
the divines on whom the Editor's choice hath fallen. Thcfe,
however, are here defignedly palled over in filence ; and the
reafon for this is both lingular and politic: * the recital, fay*
he, might perhaps he heie a kind of Humbling- block in the
entrance -, and therefore it is thought fit to refer to the book
iifclf for falUfaclinn in ihat refptdt.' — For the fame reafon, rob,
we infer, none of the authors.' names appear in the Tables qf
Contents punxed to each volume ; — which we arc fatty for, as
the omi:Hon will give us the trouble of again turning to the
(lead-title of every difcourfc contained in the four volumes, in
order to fatisfy the curiofity of our Readers: who, probably,
• Author of the celebrated treatife on the Office of a Jnftiet. of the
Pence.— It is not ufual for us to mention the name of any Author,'
who does not himfclf affix it to his work ; but in the prefent cafe we
hre the lefs fcrupulous, as the concealment of the learned name ha*
vrOved like Teague's inyAery, " which all the iuotU knew to be 4
fccKfecret*4 ' * "
•' " ' woulj
Bura'r Mifullanj SirmtMt.
427
Ktttlewcll,
Sherlock,
Buy,
Scott,
would not hold ua cxcufcd, (hould wc, in csoipUifincc to (tic
Editor-* very pardonable nncfTe, withhold fion rhem a piece of
information, which the)* will certainly think it vraj our duty to
give them.
List of Authors.
Bifoop Taylor, Bifhop Patrick,
Owuai.i, South,
Petling, Newcome,
Bifhop Wilkin*, Honicck.
Bifhop Hill,
Befitfe the d;fcourfes collected from the above-mentioned di*
vin- re five fcroiotis by the Editor, the fuhjccls a£
which arc — On DrttkiMtfi — PJkJmuiy—Goo'i Kmwtegi — The
A* Dr. Burn it more generally known by his publications
as a lawyer, than la the character of a divine, wc (hall here
give a fpecimen of his compolstionj for the pulpit ; and this we
{ball fake from his fermon on Pfalmody, as the fubjeft Es not
very common.
The exprcflion of our gratitude to our almighty and eternal
Benefactor, in fongs of praifc, is founded, as the worthy Au:hur
obfervrs in his exordium, c in the nature of mac, and couic-
qucntly i* a* old ^ the creation :' but he luces it tli'tl higher;
U was, fayi he, * the employment or* heaven before man waa
nude— and will br fo after the confirmation of all thing*.*
In considering the antiquity of this part of public worfhip,
he has the following observations on the Hate or Pfalmody un-
der the Jewifh difpenfatlon :
* DiTJd, firs our Author, wls a proficient ta the knowlcgc of
fcuads, i»d was hnnfclf both a performer in the fcrvice, .and con-
ilcd the word-. #M< h were Pel w mafic ns. Ho
prrfoa« fltilful in the art, ar a royal expence ; and gave ill
cAcawigeraenc » the prcfcfTors of it. lie employed ia hia
rtvicc no UU tb;n two hundred and rourfcore and eight fingers and
n»uf:c.-i. . J: ! i.jeed a Jofs to be !■ men ted, that no tootftcpj of
the luucarc new to be found, whereby ivc mi^ht be ea-
aWrd xr> form an i^^nrr Comparffta between the ;ncirnt and mo-
dem trrurTc.
• VW rcid of mighty things performed by the BUUcians of old j
that they eouid rnnfpoit a man to rage and fury, and immediately
and j* a 0*m<C»t quel! the cumin the ten-
der pallets, ami infufc rhe foftneflei of Jove, or the cvtifirs ot'de-
▼ocion; nay, tfafit rhry* could charm even the brute creation, and
piovt I ;i clefs and inanimate.
4 Cut thefe aje only the exaggerations of poets, or hyperbolical
expreuion: of aacknt anthers, whofe manner it was to reprefent
things b< lift; :>cti: [| in this icllancc as in many others,
e>e tocre iocien; the =iore figurative.'
-^
428 Rum's MifctJknrj Strmsns.
The Do&or however acknowledges that what is £*id ,c£ tbe
influence which ancient mufic hid upon tbe foul, ewy- jn, a
great meafure be true; and yet, as he obferves, the, ancjent
mufic might not be more excellent than the modern ; for a good
modern compofitiqn will produce equal effects: ■ efpecially, fry*
he, if we confider that one man is more fufccptible of unpfef-
fions of this kind than another; and tbat fomething-maj be
owing to the unufualnefs oi the thing, for a perfon who bean
mufic but feldom, or who never heard it before, would be much
more affe&ed than he who bears it frequently.
* Nevertbelefs, proceeds the Author, I will attribute to. tbe an-
cient mufic its j u it praife. The ha man voice was the famc-'&sn that
*i it now i and all instruments are more agreeable to the .fcnfattpa
of man, as they approach the nearer unto that tiandard. ForX3od
fcath-fo framed our nature, tbat the voice of man is moro acceptable
to man than any other found; and chat, for fecial rra{bn«F *ekI atf»
that we might have this, amoagtl the other ingredients -of oar *jq>-
pinefs, within ourfelves.
1 Some inltrumcnts likewife, efpecially of tbe vocal kind, .raiah*
perhaps be nearly the fame in ancient time*, as they arc now.. Q&r
inilrumenu undoubtedly have received what are called impsQiatmtaa,
and efpecially in extending to a much greater compass of MM ■
But it may be queftioned (upon the principle aforegoing) whether
this mail universally and without exception be deemed an iraprorc-
.nient, as it deviates fo much the farther from nature, the ftaadard
u hereof (as I fnid) is the human voice. And in fa& those are aot
deemed the beft compositions, which traverfe the whole fcale-of a
modern intlrument, bat are looked upon a* extravagances, onsataer
diltortions of fancy; and the moil applauded compo&tions.of the
belt mailers, and the molt applauded parts of thole campo&woos, if
we examine them, we fhall find to be fuch, as take in ao large
compafs of intlrument.
* The ancients generally followed nature : hence the works of Ba-
i clid, Plato, AriAoUe, Hippocrates, and many others, have, faauncd
their rank, through all the changes of times, and the viciffitudesaf
learning, for two thonfand years : and the reafon is plain, becaufe
nature is the fame now, that it was two thoufrod years ago,
4 Hence alio the ancient painters and statuaries were never equalled,
being contented not to mend, but only to imitate the works of God.
Hence thofe. Unking proportions, in the naked body of man, which
are exhibited in Come of the ancient ftatues, affect the mind with ap
sncxpreffible Satisfaction ; whereas the like workmanihip, employed
upon the body of a man with his clothes on, would have the con-
trary effect, and leave the mind diflatisfied and uneafy, although vc
Aid not immediately fee the reafon of it : but the reafon is this ; the
pne is the imitation of the works of God, and the other of the worb
of a taylor.*
* ' An Intirument often firings David calls forth to be ejcerciW
tpoh extraordinary occafions, Pf. xxxiir. a. xcii, 3. cxliv. 9. Per-
their common inftrumtxiU, %\ v<aa mod natural, comprehended
flavc, and no mote.'
ISnx
A&
BWr MJatian? Strom.
4*9
After ctitforily hinting oc tbofe rrfmrmnxtt in mufic by which
it become* nmrafar.?/, tht D fly oSferrc* that there
are many regions why, in 1 1 nfcrejation, it ou^ht
not ' i ety rcfiicJ; and that the nncienti more
nnclly followed nature, In their niufccal corcpofmo.ii, than
the rrunl An J Iicic he taacs ideation to '.mark,
iclbr^l tn .'.■.".•n, .-..-, that the found 1 in tfce Hebrew,
abov* uil othei languages, couefpond with the thing ftjni-
fied ; and that * therein, if rmh the mott remarkable fignattires
of the language of notore. Matters of jrief ire expreffcd by flow-
founding reliable) ; of fȣc. brharfli and ctiificuit pranunciniont;
and man* of joy gtsrly glide aivay In Owe ■ ard deiigat.
- tfrraaee. I will aot be tedioui opon thU headv and therefore
(hall only exemplify what I hive (aid in one weLMtnown inJUncc.
Tfce exf refion tn the Hebrew, wh tb, Prmtft ye tie LerS,
ik of tTtkt harll;ncf>, which thefc word* dj be •
Kfig;iO-. j ind therel'ine t*e modern campafers Irare i: untranslated 3
1 bk >**. which ii a kind of G&tm P*tH\n rai-
*ij; 1 mfth to be ionethiofc iaehintin^ in the very
foand of it. $0 lice il it from all eugtedneU of accent, and pi
«pO» the toer,«£ wid '. that when they have once
1 it up, toey know not how to leave it. The) rofi it to and fro,
and : tbrotfgh all tl e variety of melody | catcaiaj; at Offer}
j(e, m:o ever/ echo of a fyllablc; until at length, like an r\.
pirioy. tarer ( ; »r >u mbftaace) it lanjniibet,
Wcmi
* 1 will not del ay in examining bow fir the pialm* of David tcere
coaOpofed it» metre. Rhyme, Or h determaat* number e-J feet or fyl-
. nave no foundation in tk« na-
f Uugo»£C«« Thcfc are rctiatmeats of ixicr a^es.
Aa.3 to attempt to tedua 1 auto the like laeda
feemet'a to be an an preporteroui and aSfsrJ. And upon
Me, the Hebrew mcaia/ei feern to Of no otherwifc thin that ;
that : \eiffi or line .- part whereof corrffpoodceh
to the forme* by a ItM wf antithrfi* in the fcoie and fijBicca^
with itirkial dt n of the
ijU*. , hut the rxpefEoa dcwi « na-
tftrf difrreoce between the mott ancient and
fi ficaiion iathii; that ia the fanaHt MUm prcdoim-
latter, ait aa;k the uppet ha»3, and iu;mc is made
fnbiV ■ ■; which fd i» acmairac xr; b, or
JhOoM he, i> it hat nn uritaifon of n.-.:
W ich refpcA tc the fricn-J poetry of tbc Hebrews, wc may
refet fuch of our Reader? as may he defifoOl ol fatwfac-
ie excelfent work publiifccd on
that fu!iju'l by Dr. 4t*oWih, liow Bifhup o( Oxford ; i.i w!;ich
he hath completely g, efuted the hypothefia of H**fh >p Hare : lee
p. 4c/ i •!' J vol xii. p.VSs. ice alfo, niare
particularly, our (enji WDts on inn fobjeft, m our 14th vol.
VUHfiK
P. a.
43^ Burn'i MfaUany Sfrmpnsi
Having clofcd his obfervationjs on the jcwiflj pfalmedtViOV
Author comes next to our obligation to. follow the practice of
pf.ilm-finging, as an act of Cbriftian worfliip. In this part of
his dilcourfe he (hews that we are not enjoined, or bonnd to it,
by any human authority ; but that the practice is allowed, as
conducive to edification. The Doctor is, however, an advocate
for tr.c expediency and utility of the practice, on the fqllowbjg
confederations, viz. that it habituates the people fo a lorp.o?
the divine let vice ; that every perfon approves the work in watch
he is himlclf employed ; and that it is one of the excellencies
of our liturgy, that the people have a greater {bare in the ser-
vice than hath been allowed in any other cftabliQjed form, or
than is pra&ifed in any of the Dillon: ing congregations. * >* '-■
' And it is a rule,' continues the ingenious Preacher,;* wh*elt
will always he'd, becaufc chc foundation is in nature* Hence*#e
nay account for people's being fo fond of their own orJspringj sift
of their own fpecche* and actions, in which others perhaps fee so-
thing that they can fo much admire. -■■■:
* Hence, in the linking of pfal.-ns, the fatisfaftion doth not always
arife from the excellency of the coinpol'ition, but from tfce "peVfinV
ltimfeff being concerned in the execution. And upon the inrrOdor-'
tion of any new meilicd of tinging, they who hear no (hare in tie
performance are apt. to conclude in favour of the former wsn>}:*H'
lecaufe it u lei's uncouth and difagreeable, but becaafe it is tfceif
own.
* Thefc indeed arc difagreements which ought to be avoided) fcktf
in the mean lime the thing itfeif is certain, :n.i: every man will take'
delight in that fcrvicc, in which he himftlf is a performer f.*
In the third head of his difcourfe, Dr. Hum gives us htflob*
fcrvations concerning our conduit in the execution of this part
of our public devotions ; And, fufr,
* Lrt os nor, fjys he, addrefa ourfclves thereunto with impetuo-
sity and precipitation, z:> the horfe rulhcih i.ito the battle. VopR-
raticn is the, haft per: of it 5 and to exclaim as loud 34 poffible wc
can, feemcth rather caTcula:ed to infufe terror than complacency;
and more tfcecially if a pcrJon hath a remarkably ftrong voice, aid
wi'.hrl much X£l!, be fpoi!* the harmony by overbearing ; anddlf-
zrpjints himfelf and others of the fatisfacrion which fhould arife,
from a proportionable adjuftment of the fsveral parts of the compo-
fition. Betides, alio, that it is an affront to all the reft ; fbrevery
one hath a ri^ht to be heard in hi* turn : even as in converfation, he
+ On this principle we may fubferibe to the policy of the Mora-
vian and Meihodiil teachers, who allow their people fo large a ihare
in. the performance of their public devo;;ons, and whole tinging
j> fo much fuperior ro that in other, Jefs embnnullic, aflembliej.
Jt is well known that they have adopted the malic of-fome of oar
finclt fongs, &c, fuch as, Ha comes 1 vm Hsao combs, &c- And
rhey have given good re a (out forfo doing :.for, as Whjtejeld faid,
" Why fhuuld the devil have all the be:1, catsj :"
. . " *hs
BWi
who affbmcj i
43«
Scoaodly. Lctuf oot .nd) apply eti/Mwi th«e-
■
! in ;:n-
10 lJ
,
fU dRtHTIP*- ■ i
:".: .
r
■
• »<c wfco b»VC I ;. Jp_c in .11 .IC
firtjurntly apt to l»ii:e llic ■.• Hell flicw a:' *Ve
an srifuffcmb^
pen-dec1 ojiPt *n> ni <f voice. |
lid«lf a. ' :lh th« f .. • r.c:. S>ot*|
i fOtfftiJ *4*|ae*.aiieouily, but: t by 11?* jd-
V4«ceA. In a chart li t>f kny confiJcral/- . I fliorr note i*
■
:.;un At ihc other end. And tbU il tiw Caufi
-w end of a church it always be hi rl«
co*^«g*;iu;. in his i.i, md iwi
EtiC;; if is were it ■ i»«u-
k» a*4 • i if the «iii fir a*
b«v .eo find ea.-J:. For it it in p. i
tluu the ukJI agreeable i- puiiul by a *cry nr.rrQ* inic/ » *J d Jia tko
4 Anil as too niocli air, although pcittApi aru< 'tijjhc
to bt cxcleded out of the <*nptj:u** ; cauch taorc on;
• the ptrf*rt%a*u% To* p
at all limcj. aci in all p!xcci. Where two fuuntU or ni h
ciiic ami **c ;i<:jrrabie, mj one of ihofe Ioli.Ji w .
(Hoc, although but for a icry little, it
e coincidence m
beic; I
bypcrfcn crH&tid not cbe &rft . m-
, ClUCh BftOS* OOght III .
MM -
: .
...
'
MsraJ.
I
. if a nan f
,
and
. ..
. I OZtt 00
• i ! r
■!ly li-
432 Burn*/ Mljcellany Srf-mons*-
light to grave, it would excite a very different kind of fenfation from
that of a folemn, grave, and ferious aft of religious adoration.- '
* L.-iltly, and to conclude all ; Let it be remembered," that,' tit
Ringing of pfafms, although it is a commendable and nrcftf 'k'bpeb*
dage of religious worftip, yet it is but 'an appendage of irV: iW
have mercy, faith God, and not faeri/Ut, Whtrrwith flmll / corke be-
fore the Lord (faith the prophet) and bov» myfelf before tbt high OUT
Shall I come before him with burnt offerings, tvitb eahvts of a ytmr.fU F
Will the Lord be fltafed with tboufands of rams, or tern tbonfanfatyri-y
vers of oil? — He hath /hewed tbee, O ma*, •what is gwd-y and.wiuU
doth the Lord require of tbee, but to do jufily, and to love mercy, ado* to
vjali humbly nuttb thy Cod ?
* A good life, above all other things, is the beA handmaid to de-
votion ; and is especially ncceflary for that branch of if, which 1 have
been all along {peaking of. I have in this difcourfe deduced all mjL.
arguments from nature. Mufic itfelf is but the fcience' of n»ropn
and the rules of compofition are nothing bat obfervations drawtf froJ
nature, of what is agreeable or difagreeable to the frnfation ofh&#J
ing. What is agreeable to nature will always hold, and what b &&
agreeable is the fame yefterday and to-day and for ever. Bat abaWe
all the contradictions to nature which 1 have ob(erved, this ooe: ttog »
is the raoft unnatural, for a man with an evil conference Co ga> ahont
to Gag. It feemeth a little abfurd for a man, who perhaps hath beca.
gnilty of a debauch over night, to fet up to fing to the pralfe aajf,
glory of God next morning.
* As a mind loaded with oppreffion is unfit for the' tnamjikv or*
fong, much more fo is a confcicocc burdened with guilt.1';' MtlV
what hath he to do with Zinging, whofe portion (anlefs ne repcrittthy
fhall be weeping and wailing and gnalhing of teeth. Tne voJ&W'
diilrefs is always broken and inharmonious. Therefore, that we may
fing well, we mult live well.*
Thefe obfervations are very juft, and of the ntoft ufefu) tet?
dency. — We have only to add a remaik which bath often oc-
curred to us, on this fubje&; and which we {hall not.fortipk
freely to exprefs, from our genuine feelings, and bone&refcntr
ment. We mean this in reference to the difagreeable andM-
happy effect of a negligent, flovenly, coarfe, or difoofftaftt
manner of performing this otherwise lolemn and delightful pare
of our public worlhip. Of thefe grofs defeats fome, or *tfx are
too often obfervable, both in our churches and meeting-^oufes ;
where, to hear a vulgar, illiterate bellman of a clerkf roaring
out Sternhold's Haves, or Watts's ryhmes, to the pra'xfe mi
glory o/Godt as he calls it— the congregation joining but to. in-
crcale the noife, and altogether4 grating harsh Discoft°»'
like Milton's gates of hell, — is an abomination both to the in-
ftru&ed mind and the mufical ear, which no Chrifttan patience
(one would think) could endure, unlefs to that patience were
added downright ftupidity, or a total indifference tothejwra-
ner in which the worlhip of almighty God is performed 1 Such
vile abufc of a molt pious and pleating inftitmion, muft rather
tend
Grant'* ObfiTVttim «t tht Nattcrt 4**
. ,. ... .
tn away in a I. ; • !• 1 ,
Sfiuue on iti m*. who can rt.nd
lod (ee ti
rVtCC, Jo pr:»!incii — fo ln.:IcUpcJ ! It 11 rut fo, wc art
rriuaicd, where the i"eii.:'M« ind woithy Author ot tko torc-
jrng obfer^atiopj on pfarraotf;
it. 1 I i»y WT« . • Wijliim
l*r*»i. M.i>- «vd. -clJ.
Df*H» /-' tht
f • -. • ..v«, wajs firft put - 1,
1 v it a^penrcJ in our R
cf» in (be fiOM yrttfi A» th« wrmk Jus been c<
-n*nt«J and improved; with cfce addition of a ,
*rr eti tieelf nt«s we ihailnowgire a brief /ketch ofthe-wbak.-
IJcetoT*» Intention, wr sppreheni, was co throw abot*
cv riftfit upon the natur. ; in general ; but more nar-
1 dWinguidi e.jch variety <jf fern from every ortter
ind, m orJe/ to jfecnain it's peculiar nature, 21
letbod of cure I
ui p-ufpoie he divide* all fever 1 into tw > cLlfe* ; the tirl'i
>uii4U «f i«cii »h-kh he had* met win rtf talari
»J annually in London, foe tli« (pact of 90 >**« fjcccfli
"hcfc, UtuJjl CMiic
•afon ; and oteay: luie been, : ftd r»rr mull continue- trie lime,
t»»* atit other naturil production 01" ill** dioiftto : ami
MA V '*, *'• wiling from common rialei1
n|K 'III* fttond c<4is ol tcrrr; he call* tactmrxtm fsv.-rj^ not
1 rtfi i w? from the ordinary change of leaaon, but from fingular.
aenlnnaeion* in paruciJjr place*, (cafons or cirirLmhinces prod-
ucing 4 new and extraordinary effect, upon the bodio» of nun ;
tef>, therefor*, are not to br 1 -very year; but appear
rdifjppeai ms he cnJcavDunj ro proic by the-
uthomy of the beft £miiilh cblbvator** aaJod ■ to.Cattdtitcoajr-
f tnuny people now rcfi 1 Luniao.
The ftffQ part of thit wo;k, 11 via hare alrrady ohfrrved,
antarno a fliort account of the origin and projtref 1 of the cora-
Hmi fewrrv, taken from a journal of twenty year* pea&icc in
.oockn ; and illuArited ' . practical o Nervations, and
notations from practical author*.
• In arrthfjinK tlie mutter cf rfcia nVO part, he hat followed the
jmrtnle of former writers on the fubjed, and divide J the com-
mm fever* into two dalle;, vku Varul ioi aaturanal ; but he
to*.
434 Grant1* OlfirmUm mitbt N*t#t**dC*rt if Fmrs.
fays ttiat the vernal fevers begirt in December and laft/tJll July j
and that the autumnal fevers begin in July and laft till Detem-
ber : although he allows that the winds and weather may ora-
fion fome exceptions from this general rule.
The. firft chapter of the firft part contain* a fhort dHcu&a
of the ague in general ; becaufe, fays he, the ague If* luft
equally connected with the vernal and autumnal fevers Virata
had been much more to die purpofe to have divided t& is chap-
ter ; to have added the vernal ague to the fynochus non ' frtrhri,
and the autumnal ague to the end of the bilious, or atrabifioas
fever; fo that, inftead of being the firft, it ought to have been
the laft of the firft part : there it might have been intixxiuud
regularly in its proper place, and might have been difcculejftrita
leu trouble and more perfpicuity. »•. . ' *' :
All the vernal fevers, according to the Dodor, aremrlnMfci
tory, but not equally nor limply To ; for he has obferveuV ttat
there is fome other fpecies of morbid matter frcquendv'sMejffo
the phlogiftic lentor, which commonly requires a coQh&fm
criiis peculiar to itfelf ; and that this morbid matter is om
at different feafons. To prove this, he divides the vernal!
into three diftinft, epidemic conftitutions, viz. The wxeihoik,
the fimple inflammatory, and the humoral. Although in eatf of
thefe conftitutions, the morbid matter remains nearly tbefsase,
yet it feems to ad differently on different habits, and confe-
quently produces a confiderable variety of fymptami, to"wirtch
different names have neen given. I: %w ^s"
Thus the caurrhoua conftitution, which begins perhaps; b
December, and continues about two months, givrt Tifl£ ;'not
only to the coryza and catarrhous fever or fluxion ait the*iucs>
brana fneideri and lungs ; but alfo to a fpecleg of rbeumSfiftiu
morbus coxyagefis, tfchiadicus, cryfipelas, dyfentety, UcVAsr
rheums and fluxions incident to that feafon. He has fbun^'by
experience, that all thofe difeafes ealily yielded to the fame, or
a fimilar method of cure to that which agreed with the canirfh;
excepting only fome little alteration according to the ttieflng
fymptoms, and variety of the temperaments of the ficfe; tod
this is true fo long as the catarrhous conftitution remains epi-
demic. '':'"
The moft genuine inflammations do hot begin fo early 'in the
fpring ; this conftitution alfo gives rife to a great variety of fe-
vers to which different names have been given, although they
all proceed from the fame caufe, and agree with the fame me-
thod of cure, making fome allowance for the particular o<gia
chiefly affedled. Thus the phrenitis, angina languinca, j>Icyfi-
tis vera, peripneumonia vera, paraphrenitis, hepatitis, nepsfius,
and all the topical inflammations, irife from the fame cayfe, sad
require a treatment nearly fimilar. *"'?"'
The
(i.'irU j Gtffrtwihu #* tkd Naturr W Curt cf frwrs. 435
Tfce mlLaaiaaaeory covtt tt;t . ,
fl-afcii 1:3^ partly conquered
: on . tbi-s cwitituoon gi »<-> rife 10
toe fynocnui non put: , to whicfi many naract
ha1. thori; owing roth;
■ oil
for the time h fv» Spring fe-
of Sydenham, oicfcntc' tri-
J cpialui of the G;ci.k:. , the febri- gaftrlca, cofe-
ik-i. i or he the rtbricab of
.ungbufli, inJ the tcnuof !!u*i am. The fame morbid Ice-
'iced upon the iaflam.Tiitotv diathrfo, occafion; the
?Sgc*» £W» colic*, fluxes, and jaundice of chit teafen which
■rtwrcii fp in;; and Cummer ; and they all agree with a treat -
~r, with very little alteration, according to the
iia. curnftanccs of each individual. A: - irce
together comprehcnJ the fevers of the fp
.-.ilauniutuiy, hut nut all amply fo;
attended with miliary eruptions.
But in the month of July* fays oar Author, the fcenc cha:
! fevers go off a* if they never had cxifled, and a
c raltci plicc, of a very different nature, c<
! the Putrid morbid leritor : ihis reigns for h«
mar be divided alio into three epidemic conftitu-
lic fimplc putiid, the biliuus, and iIk I nr$ ;
I of tSefe give rife to n Hy dirTcicnc,
really of tbc fame nattuc i anlma from the fame morbid
j ad arreting •:. ly a fimflar treatment.
Simple putrid conRitulton contain* the variolous
lions colii en»
be fynochu cutrisof tSc amients | all ot which arc
wli treated.
confutation feu in by the cholera morbt-*, and
new fcicr of Sydmbam, bilious fever of TilLt ,
fentery> miliaria, aphtha*, ipd ervfipejai of 1
ibilious constitution contains the
11
i colic of the latter 01 cnJ of harvel
;pochondriiiLUi, and
. 1 ■. rij.ncumonia not ha of ■■ •■■
difeafes, youis, and piles, lb common at
s aic the fevcrt uJtcuflcd in the fufl put of this wc
zording to tbc Dolor's opinion, c!o not con!
ti- own nature fc nor arc they -
i GrCQOd i>k(t arc r cir
- jjid arc cvciy one c
ftr.v. Dec. i;7J. Ft ^ . v
4j6 GraritVOty^ftoS m'<hi m&gfy£ tfaWs/lW/rr.
ikiclng their HkrcAcfs. He divides mtilignW^ tftcr Sy'cftftbOOTJ
Into two fpecics, the firft be denomihWe*Jtytf.nWi ariiiti^Aon
t-ad practice in a common fever ; and Che otter he cagrjfrifoi]
atfifing from certain combinations fn particular fpCMjiyBpd— M
nww poifon, or morbid feminium, capable of being ,t»ric2
from place to place, and from perfon to- perfon ; xi>u*j4 pattf
during its own likenefs, with certain univocal TymptofaptfuK
ficient to diftinguifh it ftom every other difeafe: hegivfeaa lift
of thefc poifons, and divides them into two forts | the irfYran*
hot be produced a fecond time in the fame fubjed ; but vfeepoi*
fans of the fecond fort may affect tbc fame perfon raao^lura....
But the great point wbich the Doctor fecras to aim a* .is. u»
prove that although thefe malignant and contagipu^J^fi
may fometimes attack found healthy people, yet lor t^f^moft
part tbey fcize upon unhealthy fubjccls, and fucb as UaV^jhc
^rw//j of a common fever actually exiting in tocniaGfortst
the whole difeafe will frequently be found to confift of .bw» .fe-
vers blended together; and to this he imputes (he tridi**j»Cra-
riety of fymptoms to be met with in every one of ihe com
fever?* '* '.
To demonflrate which, he Angles out the angina mattgHi%
me rates the fymptoms which diltinguHh it from every bihet fife-
cics of angina ; and then he adds a journal of cafes, in ^}*
fucccflion, through all the epidemic coriilitutions of biVeVfcfH
year; to (hew, bow the fame contagious femmium,'4t'ctiftr£&t
feafons of the fame year, produced a fever partly ArTere!8fc7fi
people of the fame age and temperament, living in 'tWnffiS
place, and nearly after the fame manner. ' " vT^Ip
As fevers conilitute by far the greater part of tfitf'pf&IlM of
medicine, it is incumbent on every medical pracliUoheY"t?rftKffe
fiinifclf in after of all that has been made' public on'twVKiffitttf
Hence thofe who have attentively read" and confidereo' w'the
treaties on fevers, ancient and dode^H, 'a^rtd cotttyMtstr1 tflM
With, what hath occurred in the courfe'bf their own ^bfcWstforV.
have been able to confirm what others had re marked ijfcfffr£J*ro
liiye fometimes been obliged to duTe'ru from AuihofS bf^nraf
jiapjc • though, peihaps, they may ratn^'tfiflTer in opiflfon'tSan
in matter of fail. "And, .after a11,'fomc "Who havermiife:tfi4
rribft cxtenfivc enquiries, having grown. weary of con Tufting aj?-
Uri of opinions, have confined themfelyes wholly to tytinjps'if
foih, and found more fubftanttal and reaf fatisfadUon Itf'the
Dcru.faJ of cafes, than ever, was afforded them by the rn oft inge-
nious hypothefes. '
W"e fhall clpfe Dr. Grant's performance with one geiiefattb-
fcrvation upon its merits. Conftdcred as a literary ctttfipb-
fiuon, }t abounds with >epetitioosf'"and is chargeable; wSh
shan V imperfections," hof only in rcpaitl to the Authors arrange-
******* *■ ' - seal
CftWfbidV D'i£<rt*tiin ♦* tit PJw&* tfPbtu +:7
mcctof b* msttrjafc, but to his dicaion. Yet, a* * medical
proJitCrio.i, *c ,jx to iftrm, due it contains more
found praiiicc, and more critical, discriminating knowledge of
iWea. itun is, perhaps to be found in any other boAon the
Subject, from Sydenham lo the pre lent rime. Some of the Doc-
tor* brethren may poifiblv cavil at it, Wbila their ovrn intcxefl,
if nor. thai of their patients, will lewl ihem fecretly to confute
i( i a ad by chat meant mankind may profit by its publication :
•rbrtl r il end that i well difpufed mind hopes to attain,
even by us moll ardent and moft fatiguing operations.
1 ; i
iget
ike Opinions of rll the celebratrd Mttaphyficism on irut Subject
»r»-<JifcoiTe<£. By Chariei L raw ford, bin; Kcllow CommotKr bf
Qjaccn'i Co!Jc*e, Caartridge. Svo. 4s* <»a. EoarJi. Evaoi. j;;j.
-TNHARLES CRAWFORD, Efqi ftta out with informing
VJ us, tliat be has DO fc'ic.it OpUlUui of tbat argument win'cii
Mt, L*<ii and (he logician denominate the argstauaft* *A vtrt*
in*****, Wc I'ivc him Full credit fur this declaration, for we
bait fcUom met with an Author, left influenced by a reVpcit for
aVfcfi oc fmtit.tnti of others, than Mr. C. though wc
canno; M|> oVerving in him a violent partiality toward fame,
wjiorn be profc-lics to admire and follow, fucn u Lwrtiiut,
Et&ifbstAti anJ t'aheirt.
Ukq of chU curio.; dlfiertatioQ is to invalidate alt tt-.t
aigunic u» that b sre ever been offered in fupport of the humor -
taiity of the foul | and in the execution of this purpofe, we find
a pooapoga difplay of learning and reading, but fo little of any
tfjinj orggjoaj or peculiar to this Author (except his licencictif
manner] or that wears the face of argument, that it hurt ul co
fee ctrcn s b-\ \ ill defended. Mi. C. treats ouf ancient
ani modern philosophers with a* little ceremony as he observed
tawar^ ibe tity su«k1muI, ' whom he c-ncu in ihc public t:icct
at noon-day.' His nrit plan, he infurmi u«, was very ext:
6.c pofed {Cap he] to have given the opinions of all
I men of Europe conrerninj; r!:e nature ■
J, 1 find however that fucli a plan would ncccfunly cm-
• ploy a con ima, I have the/efoic: onl) lit
• opaoi-Jtu of the mofi celebjateJ oi them. But if 1 Ihould
• hcacaficr be lei'a cugigcd in other avocation* thin at prefcm#
• 1 sjarJil '/ roreoei pjan. My intention was to hi.e
€-0OT« tbc fubUancc of ever/ thing that ha* been fiid in rep: J
• to' the &j! worthy of notice aca tJie Creel;, U: (\
*t» ******
4-^8 Crawford'; DifitrtatU* o* tbtfhmdmjftUtu
« French, Spanish; and Italian, languages. :In ihort, I bad
* lome intention of making fu.ch a compilation as to.rcndec, it
4 unneccflary to look into any other book for die doctrine of the
*;foul. This theicfore may be looked upon as the iketch on1/
s.of a much larger woik. I have been guilty* I confefe, of a
*fmifnpmer.' This brings to our mind a fomewhat HrnUaxikchi«
ration m*de not long ago by an anonymous author of * A_n clLy
on the human foul' — probably the production of the lam^Dcn..
,*.! make no doubt (continues our Author) the underqakiogi
c am entering upon will by many be looked upon to he raiji and
' adventurous in an extreme. — I am going to pluck iome of the
** laurels which for ages have adorned the tomb of Plato, and*
* from the luxuriant fpoil to weave a chaplet for my own brow K
* In his works there is an exuberance and ebullition of error.
**Hisgrofs coi ructions ought now to be removed, as they hare
* wantoned in their growth, and are become fetid and feculent
4 It is not, for iniiance, only here and there that we meet with
\ any. thing faulty or improper in the Dialogue of the immortauty
4 or the foul, the whole we {hall find to be a monftrous tiflaeof
* vanity, inconfiflency, and abfurdity/ .,! .
.' Whatever opinion we may form of the arguments in th'J
Dialogue, or of others, that have often been urged by .later
writers in proof-of the natural immortality of the foul, wc-oafr-
not help exprefling our difiike of the confidence, illiberaliry,-
and Iicentioufnefs of many of our Author's obfervationi -aod
reflections. To follow him through the tedious extracts he bat
given us from this dialogue, and to inform our Readers, how
very weak, abf'urd, and inconcluCve Mr. C has pronoun-
ced the arguments they contain, (by an authority indeed winch
hone but fools and idiots can difpute) would tire their patieacd,
and conduce very little either to their inftru&ion or asurie-
ment. But that none may fufpect us of paffing too (evens a
judgment on this juvmiU performance, we fhall produce a- few
paflages in fupport of our reprefentation. ,?#>
At the clofe of an extract from one of Cwr/s Tufiuicn -dif-
putationsy. in which the learned Roman adopts the opinion of
PhUf * That knowledge is nothing but remembrance,*' our
Author has this remark : * We here find an aflertion firft .made
* by Plato, and afterwards adopted by Cicero (whofc abilities
■ feem fupcrior to tbofc of any other man that ever exifted) that
«'\yould difgrace the lips of -an idiot.* And in another place,
s It is faid of Plato, that in his infancy, as be was one day
* flceping under a m yrtte tree, a fwarm of bees fettled tbemfelres'
'.'upon his lips, which -was^ taken as anooaen to fig nify- thai h\s
*!ft He would be extremely fwcet. We bare fesfted upon tba-de-
• rhfignem^ue neo capui peterf inde toronanu ..."
* --•••. h .' . • licious
th..n
ui honey of eloquence mthcl..:
* in.idcj which a?c the mull entiti:w;inr»le? lor
-ft, fenfe, ;nd every r*htr»g elefcani thir "fever rttnemt
* hare met with. Tfic author of luxn \ .ifh as chat, O (nitric
* to human cWcernmriu ' k the mar* w ;
* by ihc world that they would fearc no lefs thai
« father. Tbcy have mHr him alio «fK n
* i» pretended, thit An'ton having* efpowftd hi* eoufm-j
« Perre*4ionr, tint t;ic r*ut) Apollu J|j|kmtcJ to the aridepooni
* Arf"ton, and forbid him to iccaufe f 1
* wi'h child by him. An It on obeyed l:c of ih<
■* and tooted upon Prriftione no more as a wife but a
i*hc ww delivered of' Plato, which, ai the I
* ta have iffirmed, WJi on the day of Apofln's narvitr.
1 fcrcat fool Stijerom oWervc
nred this fable, did not believe t!
4 upon a* the prince or* w.idom, could be born ofaiy
irjfeft I beliere thiit there wji vc:
■ig that a miracle was w
* Antion, by fair copulation, be^ot PI
* t'torte ; "vhat he had — I
ribed.
Socrates oblerre*, that \\h andiron were Mirm
into tttt force of hia ar^umciti for I
irful, lilc
t©%I \c%vtt tbcbouy the wind* wouIJ ron away .•■ th h\ Our
« replies, * I am confident no a
■
* from tbcfc cfciMrr:: , ...Hocr.cc I.
* thing rife "rat that at the moment of tV i « f :]
* from, the bodv, the "Torn nd vinHhes
. me,—/* .
He i rid >^Shi
obfejvauool i c " rx*ci in
i pailage for::: \ and
il« tejlly ftrd
Diogenes the C nc il nf hi; h.-ir* : madman iWJuM
* fcarcely appear to be too raflily adopted. 'I hi nap,
'howc pitiful dcxUimer, I
* frothy ranter, this mif£uJdcd enthufiaft, wh
■ Pvt.iLi called him the ..
n prople otlVr infulrt to hi< *-■- rum in hff fllMu' i
* we arc told by Diogenes Lacrtius and X
* jf he
-
:
* CtCf, that, ir ; :...uu.
he thought imiicV the «
vM
«r!0)
440 CrawroriPr Dtffort'arion »n the Mot3*n^/PUh.
foug&t to imitate* Omonftrous t)iop^icvr-cvco Go^ni}*
**" felf ;*— with much more to the fame p'urpo/e. " . *' .
Our Author's reflection on M. D^r9 the trjiiff*t'ofy»f
Tla;o, is much in the Jaoie poUu and ottgant (tile. ?, O-Jjjojt
•egregious afa ! moil incorrigible Mock, head ! what uitvjii jt
* that tbou wert not yu t to the plo u^h's taiJ, or lame, other Jq--
* vile office in life, whereby an ufeful rnembei "migijt hat«£ o™
* procured for fecit ty, for thou wut as ill calculated fqr a^uhilo-
4 fophcr, as *ur proftnt btfl of — — is to direct the, aSmiju.qf a
* great nation/ ..,,.«
When he concludes bis extracts from this dialogue,, he .firms
vp all his boafted replies wiih this general reflection^ .jw^b
none can he fo daring as to contradict, * Thus ends i^kjeV
* bratcd dialogue, in which we neither find elegance of coin po-
* fition, nor one good argument for the immortality of (he fotil :
4 —nor (hall we, if we examine the other .parts of rWto's works
* where he treats on this fubjecl, find any thing urged tha^is by
4 any means convincing in favour of hit proportion, ^ccjo/ijitg
4 to Milton, Mutb of tin foul b* talkt* but ationvry.' |jj " .
Our Author next proceeds U. examine the arguments o/ other
philofophers, and of modern writers, on this fubjc&. Cickio, of
whom he feerns to enteitain a very high opinion, whene™- bit
xeafoning in defence of the foul's i a. mortality does pol Mffk>
/ere, ftands in the forcrnoft rank of thoic whole feptugoin are
. examined. Whatever he fays in favour of t^Q.ima^^rjuu^/Ji
..ridiculous and abfurd: in other particulars his auihefij^roav
^c more faftly relied on. . - r -jr o» »
4 Put his arguments (deduced from the nature SQd^^gmpf
. * the human foul) into plain words, and they will,* fays our Au-
thor, * appear ridiculous. There is no. origin of the lout, upon
4 the earth i it thinks, perceives, and bas volition i it mini be
4 fomctbing celeftiaJ and divine, and therefore irorrmruU' Bui
when Cicero combats the fears which .men entertained Vith
refptS to futurity, * his observations are very juft; fur it \i
. * highly derogatory, I think, to the honour of the St/prcait
* Being, to imagine that there is fucb a(place as hell. We may
* agree with Spinofa for once,, when he., fays, that thcjear.of
4 hell is but a chimerical thing. .*£bjdea'of a deyificeais
4 alfo not to have a better foundation-' Mr-. C*.pro4ufir*a
number of authorities from fome of our raqft approved. Chilian
writers, in fupport of this point : authorities* which heAraagely
mifapplies for want of a more accurate acquaintance witb,tbctr
: writings.
He Den proceeds to allege the authority of Jjis own, advo-
cates; and he begins with his favourite Lucretius : * Hisagu-
. ■ ments on this fubjecl, in my opinion,*' fcys Mr. C* 4 .are ex-
. * ccfliveJy ftrong, nay conclujjve..'
' ' He
Hi
kfacfl* ill very hxvh tern c cclr':ira:cd M
i ■:' Mi.
fiuiki * fchVl tlllt grrii man fpralct
l< e» on fcv. i\i) thanalnvll
i'ii ■..—-!;■■, !tiuu( .!• inferior to ttoc ofC**
[bat OfJtoi ttejutnt!*mt8bmd&n»
'
ompliment to the- great learning of Dr. CmkI-
aforth i \>ut for th ■-. the connection in which it i]
Doct r* rrn may not think rhemfelvn
Mgcd to him. ' Th< Doctor perhaps may be accufed
" t/ie Mahometan principle, :har Hcaicii confifit
the bo-'y.— As j ^ood Pott fkjrr,
**"'
.ir.<t I-vc,
'fcanqocr?, and Mooi bi.
:!c(prci to the Chnftian reKg
Ibmi to you, S i *vr ike j»tb6-
:':fy mc; burl realty art
heaven vrithout woman. If there
rbofe whn go there.'
: ilir. foul'* immortal rty con-
. i^mrred pa^er oFihe SprtUtw, No, t:r,our
nentt here iwgcij arc, h iny ojii-
. !n *hr rirlr argument thcrr U only in afl'et-
hr? been evinced aFmoft to * dcrowftmion
« lo and rcjnf«]ur»rly mult be immortal. Kvtn
* Mrowirif nly bey.p-r:*, it prom nothing. For, at wo
* tuve Cii* i'lity of t i
Irons. Jn regard to the fecond nr^
i i ic love cf exjftenct «nd horror
• trots. Therwert faiiifaQiort
• i ■!,. :i: o; m in virtue, which it tsr^t4 bete,
• h-i : i f he? point.— . it is UW, trwt
i of the tmn I* deduced from the
• .,-■ erne lieii ;uOice% go-xJncis, vWohi
>rc all crnr-trr i iii rh- Abfoni ^nd trn-
^fetfrrtu vanity '■*> my L^tc' KuJingbr^ke fays of the authm of
■."!. (lion all the- attributes of
toefia fh ;ul i not prove truw I The two ft
... ration/11 y be urged from this bead ia, tint ih>
« wiil grant u* a fctinc i >n account of :h= uncqi
juon of re*arJ» anJ p-uiiilhrncnis — But tu toy that he ;i
i ll. KOnO% wlf** or trnr i:"i ur foilll arr nut it) *t heir
, eternal, and uriperifttaMtj if puerile, ir:o-
* part, and abfurd. It is armiing mote like afciiooi-boy Owi «
W*4 ■ ^tofe**^**.
442 Crawford'* Diffirtation on tbt Pbmien $f Piatt.
4 philofophcr. I cannot fee much either in the lift argument
4 here. It is faid, that the foul mud be immortal, becaufe it is
* capable of fucbimmenfe perfections, and of J-ecciving improve-
* ment to all eternity. It is ft id, that the faculties of the human
4 foul ate never full blown anil are never incapable of Farther
'enlargements, and therefore that it can never fall away infen-
* fibly and drcp at once into a ftate of annihilation. — ; Wcre.it
4 certainly fact what this author only imagines, it would not be
4 of much fcrvice to him for the proof of his propofition. But the
4 cafe is diametrically oppofite to what he imagines. For I will
4 moft fhenuoufly maintain, that the foul has fometimes ail ill
4 faculties full blown, and is incapable of farther improvements.
4 Do we not very often fee old men who return to a fecond .child-
4 hood, nay to fomcthing worfe than a fecond childhood ? A cbtM
4 may be taught to under (land fcveral propofitions of which at
4 old man is incapable. We fee this degeneracy more in menef
4 genius than in others : I mean with men whole genius confrib
* in theflnngth and liveiimfs of their imagsnatim. Swift, they utr>
4 became an idiot fome years before he died. But this is alio
* obfcrvable in men, tuho/t genius confifh in ojlrtngth of judgment
4 and a patience of tfougbt. It is faid of that great man *, Sir
4 Ifaac Newton, that when he was rcqueftcd for the demoodra-
4 lion of iomc propofitions in his book, in bis late years, that he
4 was wont to reply, that he bad then forgotten the demooftra-
* lions, but that they were in his book, and that he was confi*
4 dent they were thcic to be found right. .The foul therefore,
4 we may fay in contradiction to the spectator, is fometimes ia-
4 capable of receiving improvement. His argument moft con-
* — - i
* We muft beg leave on the authority of Dr. /Vor&r/oc, wbo'was
intimate with Sir I. N. in the lall years of his life, and whofe tefti-
mony therefore cannot be called in quell ion, to difpute this fifi.
He fays of him, in his preface to his rreio of Sir I. JV.V pbihfofbji
* Though his memory was much decayed, I found he perfectly uo-
^erftood his own writings, contrary to what I had frequently heard
in difcourfe from many perfons. This opinion of theirs might arife
perhaps from his not being always ready at fpeaking on thefc ful>
je&s, when it might be expe&ed he ihouid.. But as co this, it may
\>c abferved, that great geniufes are frequently liable to be abfent,
not only in relation to common life, but with regard to fome of tap
parts of fcience they are the belt informed of. Inventors feem to
jreafure up in their minds what rhcy have found out, after another
manner than thofc do the fame things, who have not this inventive
faculty. The former, when they have occafion to produce their
Jtunwledgc, are in fome meafure obliged immediately to invafllgatb
part of what they want. For this they are not equally fit at all
tunes ; fo it has often happened, that fuch as retain things chiefly by
» very ftrong memory, have appeared off-band more expert than the
oVfepveren tnem(e|Yes.'
» fequentiy
E
Crawford"* DigiitoiiW en ih< Pb.r&n ifPUtc. 4*3
« fetticritsy fall to the jrctnt-J. The foul, in fhort, feems to fce
« « I ml of th- body through all the rtatje* of lift, and
* Co be wn fertfibl) »fl th say alteration* in it. Jl
* bom, U .' itn it. It iv the nature of all
* thirv^r io.''c»r. We liment the diffjlution of fuch an exalted
* thin^ t% ttic foul. Wc fttneftt alfo the diifbluriun of > fine
* buiMtogt arid of many other beautiful thinp: in Nature.*
!n ibis fumrnary way decs ciur Author vanquifii aTT drfil-
CVltl J Clarkr, Or. H.ntlry, and Mill.
braifrhot a'e of the feme kind with thole we have already pro-
duced : ac.il his compliment to \ I proof of hU
parttxHt. time to bring this a. tide to a cotl-
ci»- I. as Mr. C icctns defiroua, in rrt<ire places than
owe, 0* obviating th* fuffveton thar he U an enemy to Chrtf-
ttjuity — (*n inference which molt of Ma Readers will be very
ready to «ni< neyti ftrain and tendency of hit rea-
foflin^) wc iball give him xn 01 of declaring his own
(efirimer. 1 brad. Whether fomc may not, after all,
remain inctcCi to determ
* My Reader, be the cfofe of* his work, has no more
: lit to fay that I am indited to Derfm, txcaufc I hate 1:
c mtaiionrd the CtfrWran region more than I 1-- ,:i this
* book, thin he has to tccufe the tindergrrdi:ire? ar CimSriHge,
* who dii'pvte in the fchooK wtlttt ie cultorn to Ij
«of nhilofcij-:!
* tian r<] -ion. — i , do not fpcalc of it, bur they do not mean
* ob throw any rcflr&ion upon it by liomic- .. Jnde*
* pendent of the Cfutftian religion, I muft fyy that'thcre it noc
*-smr aotfaor to I . who advances one convincing proof
t«rr state : f mtiA fjy ihc fjhrillian i< I de>
1 think the foul to be
>.y* ami not * diftintl fubflancc : and that I find no re*
Kce (independent of tficChrittian religion) in concluding
u-—
* tftvt etipnd mfM ptfi totrtm ;v~.
4 Cam tarfus fiiftstii tijut animi Hotter a ptr:mpta%
v'ith '-atJ-ge arvd ftyle of this diltcrtali >j ,
wc' think the Writer entitled to few compliments. The young
nraat is certainly poflVfwd of fomc part*, more reading, and a to
* lerable Glare of clzflkal learning; but his judgment is borne
away by the fprlng-tidc of his vanity. One things howerer,
wc hope* may be fuggdW in hia ttvoor. Al he i.-. far from
being deficient in natural unccrftaftalngi the time may arrive
ten be will be fuH*iei*ilj grows in ciace to become all..
rudvifed, illiberal, and indecent performance.
• SnH ibe forefoinf Artictr wm feni ro lie Pftfi. s Inn ' •*«*«.
Xa 0U( l.»r»Si ; fed f% AW JitK >'t jifl 1A 9(^01 V<3Hilf C* \^A''.Pl*vC-.V& it.
' '". • - v. .;■■.■£ .44*rJ I'ntarrudmW
Anr. V. 97* Scripem 1'kfrj tf'tkt forth* thrn&tm «£. to&rtsWs*
tim$amimltb$ Periuiffits EtfiJlaHf% frmtfo Vtp*.UQ* foffajM
Renovation of ail Tbi*gu By tbc /Vainer.* of, jj$^//aj ^.J^U^-
lias. £vo. 6s.. bound, Rivington. \Jjp • ; ir w ri
MANY attempts have been made to frame a. juft tmf^atf
the earth, equally reconcilable with the rei-ortU.ttjfifcfifr
ture and with the true principles of philosophy. Muck {team-
ing and ingenuity. have been displayed in the inveffegfttiwi^
this fubjret -t and great praife is due to ttwfc who *-jvt i Wrf
guiflied themfclves in this enquiry, though it has mot .beda-at*
tended with all the fuccefc we could with. Many dtr&auUitf
ft ill remain to be unravelled, and many objections maybpu'ged
againft the moil perfect hypochefis that has yet beep >0&ied.
There is reafon to regret that genius and invention have. h*l
too great a (hare in this bufintfs, and that the.*u(htntk0j4Vr-
dencc of hi ft or y has been applied to, rather in fupport, o|",avpnv
conceived fyttcm, than as tlic ground of its formation.,. If. would
be eafy to mencion more in fiances than one, in w)iicj* ft &ok
profufion of learning and eloquence has been difpUyed in.d**f-
fing up an agreeable fi&ion, wbilft the unornamentod rjifiory
of fact has been too much neglected. .With rclpecl to tfafcbr
borious philofophical rcfearches of feiiful Natubaw&t«« it
mud be acknowledged tbac many curious, a.nd iuipcH«nr,#tf$*-
enccs .have been drawn from them, and that many jajwg >*&
perhaps in a fair way of being produced-. .'-The time, p$Fk*fr>
■ia not tar dilUnr, when the learned world will be afl<*nifttc^kt
the fuccefs of thofe profound and indefatigable cnq^iferijvho
have been, for many years pad, employed in fining d*fp -for
Truth, which has long been fuppofed to lie hid fcu.&a ooW*
©f the earth +. . m-oi ■•.;-.
4 The prcfent attempt (fays the learned And hborwua, .Au-
thor of the work before us) ruth this to plead in its bohai^t^t
it is not built upon hypothecs, but viands on naucb-fuw-
grounds, the unerring word of God : whether the fu^Akudufe
doth ia any meafurecorrefpond with the foundation, or wfo«l*cr
it be only mere bay tndflubblty the Reader will judge/ ...,, -,
Dr. Wonbington begins, where, the moil ancient and ge-
nuine hifiory commenced, with an account of the. creation :
but he differs from many other ingenious writers on thb-fv^b-
ject, in fuppofing that this hiftory extends to the wbojc-majfc-
rial creation. The account he gives of the production of .light,
on the fir ft day, in the Mofaic btftory, whilfl, on his riypothcfis*
the fun, which is the only fountain of light in our fy Item, was
• Dr. William WortbiDgton.
+ Or, as it bath been proverbially cxprcffld, " In the bouojn of a
WCll." .-...-:..
\V<*thinfctanf* &r7j>faV** Thttry ♦/ At Earth. 445
or<creatc<j till the fourth dati frema liable to a vaft number of
«^j*eV»oc*i and, for oaf own pair, we rather i»cline ro adopt
the foiutiott which Mr. WMton ha- Riven u* of ib« difficulty.
1 n explaining the <eparat*»n of the it&\trt frua tfo dry isri% he
hat, in our of inion, frraȣe;y cnifapp lied the principles of true
ptoliofophy 1— but Ut oar learned Headers jvd^c :
* "1 he motion requil'ttc for thia fmrpofe, I apprehend, to
have bexn :hj; or th<. <jrcl<S vircuvnvi>Jution on its am> ■ —
N4*"whe* thU rotatory motion wia u-npreicd on the earth,
iho Mid pa tkici, bc-r^r fpccirkaly heavier than the fluid one*,
having fubfided, or fu- K down lOWildl the ttttfC uf gravity.
by virtue (.1 what if ca led the centripetal force i the earth 'a 10-
tati<.» 1 . prodiKcJ :l<^ the centrifu-
gal 1 by the a&toft of which, in o,ipofsri<>n to the former, (he
terrcre particles were dif.o^cd from about the ccmre, ami
movfJ upward* toward* the lurijcc 6f « ivc- globffi The force
with wfcich the foven) particles would recede from the centre
would >r ii> proportion Ui their wcitflit. and the velocity of
Kr taOricft i and the dirrcl»on of the whoie would be in Itratt
nt angtci wi:r» the earth** a*i». As the grcacett
mce frofl 1 the middle of the globe, or under
toe equator ; where the large ft. circle would be formed by the
Centrifugal torrr, arid where it would be grtatett ; the bcavieO.
booiri would r:y thither, and in proportion to their v,ci.-.!u and
foil rembini being arretted and QOVDNffcf
lii.ced 03I tie ccnttipctat for c* 1 whereby the lighter jnd more
fluid parts would be -fand to fin »jr* -i-i recede fnffl t!ic
rijusi** to that &£fte, that if the earth could be fuppofed, upon
circular motion bcin? given to it, to fall immediately into
the foitn 0/ a pr fleet iphernid ; I apprehend the cafe would he,
that all the (oJtJ pirn Would lo erowd about the equator and
to a5 f #e-.t a riiftance i'umh it as their bulk would irxjtiirc fpatc
td r>rcupy, that there would be no room left in rhofe parts tor
any of the lighter rluio particles : for the tcirene ptttiewi would
maintain thci/ gr«*inJ, not only hy their weight and folirfiry ;
iLt there is another pnrteiote which would operate to the fame
ettd; fof 39 all matter graritatcs coward-, all matter. To all ho-
mogcn««-u* p-mot matter gravitate ftttl roor* power
wardv each other, wheuby the) are more clofclr united #nd
compact :r, according to their fpt^ific uxturtc. Eseh
thetcloie would allot! ihcoiteWes, and aflcraWc with thcr kiivda
respectively- The terrene ; therefore, fuppafmg the
ca/i : aUumed the Uam of a pciUU fplicrciJ, would
. rw compact body, ami wuuJd i»ot admit o: any
mature ci witer with it, ; of a loofer texture,
•J fiom .t inl oa.
3 ^iv
'446 • WbrthihgtotiV Svip1&Vi%^ifWEt*ib. '
Bat if it fhou!d be thought that this rotation of the earWwodH
not of itfelf be productive of thta efftet j or eveni^itti*
•chat ir would have no efficacy for thrs purpofe, yet wouWfBe
very form of the earth alone, were there no other caule •cbntri.
■buting to .it, neccfTarily draw much water towards the poles1:
for, as the earth is caft into the fonfiof an oblate; fp^.erdH,
*hich is higher and more protuberant Under the egtwtor, lajwJ
•lower and more flattened at the poles, the water j paYticTeV,"%
.this moans, would be drained off, and have a defending pUoe
40 run along, whereby the bulk of them would be cofiectte*,
and lodged in the polar regions/
Our Author having thus contrived to drive the waters toward
the poles, will foon have occafion to fetch .them back in fftk
•floods to deluge the earth j but there let us leave them for 9e
•prefent.
Dr. W. proceeds in the frcond chapter to con fid cr the pri-
maeval and paradifeieal ftate of the earth. This, he conjec-
tures, was of lbort continuance, and refers to his Ejjhj c-. Rx-
Amptioi, where he computes it to have laded about fix month*.
The earth, he fuppofes, was impregnated with a native virtue
for the nouriChmcnt and growth of ever}' kind of vegctatJc,
•-which was the more neceflary, as the Lord God had not ' caufidit
is ram upon the earthy and there was not a man to tilt the gr:uni\
•and therefore the ordinary means of- raffing and cultivating the
'fruits of the earth had not yet been provided. All its prMuc-
•rions were otiginally fpontaneous. It is likewifc inferred from
:the circumftance that there was no rain, that the furfcee of
"tfie earth was not deformed with huge irregularities and fftoai-
»tains, as it is at prefent : whatever eminencies there* migfct k
.in ir, there were none, be apprehends, fufficiently elevated to
•reach the regions of the clouds, and to break them into drip
of rain ; and he fuppofes the climate, in the origirraJ' earth,' to
have been much more mild and temperate than it is now. '
Among other ill effects which attended the fall of ourfirff
parents, and the enrfe on the ground hereby incurred, our hi-
'thor largely infills on the production of mountains : and as be
-is lingular in this hypothecs, we (hall prefent our Readers -with
his own abftract of his general reafom'ng on this point. ** To
clear the way, it was ihewn, that all the chief hypofbefc,
'which have hitherto appeared concerning the origin of monft-
■ tains, are liable to fuch objections as evince the futility of tbew,
i. Thar they could not be coeval with the creation is fhewfe,
as from other arguments, fo efpecially from one internal evi-
dence, -thatmany parts of their contents were not then extant
in nature, as fuch. 2. That they were not the effects nor con-
fequenccs of the deluge, becaufe, as -was fhewn, it appear*
% from
thai they cxill :, rurii>j* exift
1 ) .y the waters of it, and rcf
other bodies, of a fbftci >re yielding cc.
.: roefci ami minerals con.tai.ncJ i
ri of the .niil m\ aji I contli u ■:
Uc. 3. It was fbevbia tliAt the njo'untaijii
gradually,
'; chcre ai ; to fupouii fueli a no
rcfti uppn ucl cadi
Ujj, For the above ntafottf, b«n
•fine origin of mminiains h;»v::i£ ben jejuni -
period between the creation and the delu^, the . .. . ;
Ji is here Drouofal, is, that they were prodiic-
of majij and were thrown uj , by : n uni-
part of the cuifc deno in the
. art's f.,1: . 1 ch, the f ,on-
1 been offered. — That ai tberc ■• ho *ili<;iub!c
• . : fl a mora!
:. t this — True the curl ind moic
( ..:t of the li. ..it t nt my other — That the fT
111 the confuted Hate 0/ : . . .!. ai
many
ihciai — And itui theicfoic iliclc icvci.fl fhanv* . \ re
ucUocu of tfiofc (ubtcrrane ,u
1 , tfd produced ii .
■ m ■■•■ — **
. - ...t, ;.t.in a 1 attentive c.wtrii ' ■'
: card; :n
ire, and therefore j>: —
tiuft l c — Tfc
fftf 1
uc of the
lure,
tcconipaju
• en he cam
■
and of
pali^cb
,.( ... .
-
- writing
been looked up* n
"That tcicre a
tbc mouuui:.. were uiigiiulif a'.i
-t*
■ ■■
1 his
-
448 Worth in gt on 'j Scrrfiarr fbmry gihe Earthy
there have been fevera) infUncet intaQ of mountain* sol.
iflands having been fo raited, within knowledge — That chert-
is do other power in nature adequate to the produiEtion-.qr" ibr^
—That the force, with which earthquakes ad, hatjl hcavo*
fome occaGons exhibited vcty vifibly, and ftibjecled to the «rt-H
initiations of obferving men, who have conveyed dfifcripaioa*,-
*nd accounts of them to pofterity j whence may be judged, Jjoif,
prodigioufly great it is, beyond what could othefwifc bexca^-
ceived — That fome very general earthquakes have tre'en^fpltn
that fhook many kingdoms, and even whole continents-pAni.
that therefore an univerfal earthquake is the more credible--*
And that, fuppodng fuch a one, which could have fprcc/uffi-;
cient to raife all the mountains of the earth to their prefer
height, yet it would be fo far from having any fatal effect
that the bulk of the earth in general would not be difturbed-ftf
afre&ed by it. Laftly, it hah been fhewn, from theopiijkiqa^
of many modern philofophers, which have been recited,- |ty&
they feem to be coming into this notion, that the mountains in
general were originally raifed by earthquakes. And from a}!-
the foregoing confederations, there teems to be a fair pnt(uoip^
tion that they were raifed by that and no other means/ - J:;
From the creation and fall, our Author next proceeds to the.
hlftory of the deluge : and in examining this great event b$\
propofes the foluuon of the three following questions ( til.
* 1. What were the motives which induced the Creator thus
to deftroy the work of his own hands ? 2, Where fuch, a vaft
collection of waters was lodged as was neceffary for the
of an univerfal deluge ? 3. By what means it was brat
overflow the world t With regard to the full, be
that the ends to be anfwered by the deluge were, partly,
nifhment of the antediluvian inhabitants of the earthy
partly its melioration and improvement for the better' accom-
modation of thofe that were to fuccecd them. In the fofutkw
of the fecond enquiry, he conjectures, ( that the antediluvian
world greatly abounded in water, whatever is fince become of
it; and, whatever may be the cafe at this time, that the earth1
bore but a fmall proportion to it; much fmaller perhaps than
it doth at prefent, and therefore might have been more eafiJy
overwhelmed by it.' And as our Author had before bid up a
refer vc of water towards each pole, be finds it now of great ub
to bring about this dreadful cataflrophe. * But it may be afked,
by what means— by what contrivance or power in hahire could;
it be brought to rife fo far above its ordinary level, as to cover
the whole face of the earth ?* And this brings us to the third
qu eft ion to be refolved on this fubjecr, viz.
* I do not know of any attempt that bath been made, which*
might be called a refolution of it, that carriea any appearance of
proba-
tbm
■*mt Wfy&tlht*} if tit r ; fa
. Kffh^oF P ':•: *bv fypcfes ifcu rHe
if Wt ocean ml^ht hivr or— i bt orerfiow the
rth. centre of fa privity. 1 ftall
ire adopt this ; . fc-Jf mill beg leave to apply it ;n
— 1 mull beg leave to propofe a £#&...
may be forked urxia as a feo!<3 one. But it it
oot-n« other than what many, both wider.!
, vvilSojt fi.ppnrtiitg St with any go»d
rv»fbVi; It hot earrrei its rttfon wi;h it. T*»e poftutite i$
tf» ;-.'r« :/t'j; tOrth% kj i.i *V/iW p9$tim wr* trtJ?*
t#r tl - nt if iravit)—Gnd ttxH a dim
B»t tbm
r It nfr cf ;ht plies ; t;
tstim of Isth lit 9Mt atuf tit
< conle^arnre of rhU would be,
1 Cing of ttvc world. For as the mam body of the cle-
vis lodged »t and ibouttht pole*, when tW*
i them by the alteration of itie centred
wjter wai difcrurgecl from them ill over the (:
c , liicc j vefil fall of water and o^rn at top, which
4i!tcd of Eti content* flow out of courfit. An
if the cm trc of gravity »"'! an Inclination of the
My jjo together, and would be mtrti
h oihff. A removal of the rrrr Atf
il'c a correspondent inclining ol the |w>J« ;
rd furcc fliouli be imprcflccj upon the polci
at to' e* life %\\ JactiiiifToTi of them, ir.c c.-ntre of gr.
place and follow vi ecvtfe. Aitd the one
,rr m-.$ have hatif the con-
.. wher^iy the water o* the en-: Jihecnc
i north tofotitli frppoti ; Jndtrwt oTcti
hcitiifpHere, ft
"from t.w
is tan afi : tria; great a1t>ritfcJrJ
■
"<: i and be attended with faeh a
i .v (hn e
me. nee o-f which would be -tc«t fad
mf UrfOijgii*aL
nCJ»b<rn oom» c©»<&, i.i ©a/ CUVad* tke £i&;«
450 Worthington V Scripture Theory of the Earth*
inccffant falls of rain, beyond what can be conceived to proceed
from any other caufe whatsoever/
We have tranferibed this whole paragraph, as it contaiiu a
principal part of our Author's theory. His poftulate fasti* to
imply that the earth's axis is not now at right angles wish An
plane of the equator i — and he has cxpreflcd himfelf very;
fcurely on this head in more places than one. We
his meaning to be, that the axis of the ecliptic coincided
that of the equator in the antediluvian earth; whether this.be
true or falfe is of little moment to the conclufion he dr*w« frpss,
it. But his notion of a change in the pofition of the centre, pf
! gravity feems wild and romantic, and his reafohing from tjus
uppofuion, how well foevcr adapted to folve difficulties, ex-
tremely perplexed and unintelligible : nor does the illuftr*****.
by the tiiud pail much aflift us. He proceeds : *■ AkPiV*
coming on of the flood is thus accounted for; it mayibfc.es*
peeled, that its going off (hould be accounted for Jikewife j.aaf-
that it (hould be fhewn, whither the waters of it rctire% |i|i
what receptacles they found. They could not return n> lift1
places from whence they came. They could not ruo.hftcsfr
wards up to their fountain heads. There was indeed no nepf ff.
it. They had only to proceed forward in their natural cpurft >'
(but what their natural courft was, is very difficult to daanoJas
in a HppUngy rttUng earth) * the waters of the north **ori»f
on to the fouth, and thofe of the Co nth towards the north peic,
which they would find empty, and ready for their receptiPe
refpeclively. By this means they would only change pjpfttfc.
and reciprocally occupy the receptacles of each other. . „ " -"
4 Thus is the recefr of the deluge cafily accounted fori awl
in this manner were the waters of it probably in a great qvt-
fure difpofed of.' : w :r,^
Let thefe quotations ferve as fpecimens of our Author's pfct-
lofophical invention; we {hall only recapitulate the content* ef
the following chapters, and refer thofe of our Readers who may
be defirous of farther information to the work itfclf. ., .
Chapter VI. illuftrates the appointment of the feafons, coo-
fequent upon the deluge. In the next chapter we have .the
theory of the rainbow. The two following contain tractions
and remains of the deluge, and an enumeration of the nWMnU
impediments to its return. In the Xth and Xlth chapters dssv-
Author enquires into the poft-diluvian ftate of the moswtaint
and likewife of the earth, in refpeft of improvement and Jen**"'
Jity. The Xllth gives an account of the general conftagrariori,
and the laft prefents to us a view of the fubfequent renovatioa
of the earth.
. -'
.-. Ait.
.
t 431 1
•
ffc'JFMr hArdi'tSiTi
'iuce thr
it* af MiddlcHx. Fotio. i I. t j.
F:z and fplcodoor chariSerirc this fpccf-
1 rfefi-n which, WPoWifct not, v. re-jrly
;i the
'
e-rar . I Hide dHtirig
omtlt: ; il walk.
There u ah «r, us well ai bs£i rrwnf
! tu s free Jure of
■• . ■
■ . ; -
a incr* than
\cfeo mrrrlj ■■• <i the \ :',mc ; —
1 fcr»c* ll i
■
arti* fto-jfi atfo know hi rf He (how'd be ll
rt fo* everything he <loe* j to which end his ju<Jt
n**Hc io h* c- hy fined prirciplet, on whic
cc, in all inlbrcrjj- cvrrr precept
ui" rcafon ai*d the natural liws or fcci :
the fcie.ncc of ifchlu&uro hub ftjf-
ic'tty of tWc imitates who
r. frori the bare infpcc-
Ijon of ancrtnt 1 the fauJ'i n implicitly as
wWi. Umb'c lo rruk roc
want of b' i Jtd in principled, tney hate
taken warn*.. . anJ ticu Jckons hxvc therefore only
(erred cvaoitad ;h«ir rc4lowcT$, and propjgnc error inftcad
•/ jr*
;'. ji> Spal.u -v,
6l) p. To : a «
Aad **>* ta*c we tiHiu (« the tail
clu* *« <*o ml4, fer the >n!:m fto?
Ro_ '*cJ in iIk ieoomi .
t c ».ii ;
'...;■■
OMtaiai ea
ho narrow limit
• '77J* <J &
45* Afejrs. Adim'j JPorh in Archite&ar*, No. I.
Mcffh. Adam, in their preface to this work, boldly drfclairn
all fuch fervility. * The novelty and variety, fay they, of the
following dcilgns, will, we flatter ourfelves not only exenfe
hut juftil'y our conduct, in communicating them to the world.
JVe have not trod in the pqfbi'jf. oibeist nor derived aid from ihtir
fabou*' i %• In the worVs^inJeh we have had the honour to
execute, we have not only met with the approbation oi. out
employers, but even with the imitation of other arrifts, to facta
a degree, as in fome mcafure to have brought about, in this
country, a kind of revolution in the whole f.ftem of ibis uftftdenA
elegant art.9 — This is talking in a lofty ttyle indeed ! and we
arc the more forry for it, as the ingenious Authors have left.us
fo much the lefs to fay in their praife : they have hereby" de-
prived us of fome part of our pleature, by fhortening thVjWk
which we gladly feize every opportunity of taking, in r^j^ca-
fant and flowery field of panegyric. . '.*../'
We have to thank the fe gentlemen, however, fox the grati-
fication afforded us by their prefatory difcourfe, the notes, to
which abound with fuch explanations of fome peculiar tenrifcof
the art to which it relates, as would, we are perfuaded, prove
both entertaining and inftruclive to the majority Of our Readers,
could we fpare room for a tranfeript of the whole; 'Ptttaa
abridgment muft fuffice.
In their remarks on the prefent flate of architecture^ it
this country, our Authors have no retrofpect to any ,040; of
its hiftory, previous to ' the late changes it has unaergoae.'
By changes is here meant, * a remarkable improvement,
within thefe few years, in the form, convenience, arrange-
ment, and relief of apartments; a greater movement* ad
t This may, perhaps, be thought rather too affirming: " Mtfr ha-
zard nothing by fpeaking with reierve of their own deterfC- -Model
merit will always have jutlicc done it, by the difcernsnent eftdett-
dour of the Public.
* * Movement is meant to exprefi the rife and fall, the advance and
reeds, with other diveriity of form, in the different parti of a build-
ing, fo as to add greatly to the piclurcfque of the coropofitiotk F*
the riflng and falling, advancing and receding, with, the eoivfeu'ff
and concavity, and other forms of the great parts, have the faae o*
feft in architecture, that hill and dale, fore-ground and ditoncc,
fwelling and finking, have in landfcapc: that ist they ftrve to pro-
duce an agreeable and diverfified contour, that gronps and contraft
like a pt&ure, and creates a variety of light aad (hade,, which giro
great ipirit, beauty, and cxTe&, to the compofition/
At the clofe of the note from which we have extracted the fore-
going paffage, oar Authors have generoufiy taken npon them to i*
jnftice to ' the memory of a great man, whole repetition as n a-
eiitedt, has been, long caxri*4 <hwa the uream by a torrent of aa-
^Aipguiibisf
Mejfrt. Adwn'j W«k in Anhtofhtrt. No. L 453
raticty In iLc outftdc cofttpofitiop ; w,*l in the decoration of
the inliJc, an aJmoft .Jtal change/- The tmflivc enta*
bJaf,ure» tbc ponderous compart men t tiding tt the tabernacle
t\ a»c,
:iguitliifiR; prejfldi« and afaufa. Sir John Va»brtigh'i reniua
nC of movant af, novelty* and in£e.
not been evceenVd I n modern
limei V'V ftiool h»>* quoted BSanimi* and C*/fh H**A-*rj
•^tt 0! thc/e pcrNCtiopi, io prehfrtOOfl to any wodt of
. Or Ot" any othci modern architect; but Bale the
Ll J|WUf> Af of ttil> rXCCttehl ai.i.'. I ktj-t no j>v- v\;ih hi«
otMoftf and I ■ CfOudcd rtimi and abfordi-
•iie (iou-n by their own prepofternu >./no
"fcemitiR can feparatc rhcir mrr;i?. from their defeel*. hi
ill, T»hn knowi horv to polilh, ami
a afc, we have atwayi Raided hil pro-
i RH*th jew: :in:iblc v.iJ lie."
re di-
ia/tfc> j . ,ic!i, funoooaed with moulding! j a inottf to
which tte do not here mean to object, there bci I lul
cotapoHitic/". ofthii kind, both ancient *nd nodciu ; hut the epithec
cf p**J* i<4 to diftiLguifh thofe that utic in ufe iit thu
dtffinf; the lafl ecRrary,
I i moll <■-■' r.d depth.
:;om toci; their rile in (Fair, ondcr tho
Biafleri, who were, no doiibt, led into iliac
obfervatjonj of the foJKo ufed by the an< the
rvirtiri' nf tMt t*npta and other public mi. Tfeefis the an-
!•, <*ira tbei'r cfua! ik.II 1 and judgment, kept of a bold aid maA
fi*<e i9m to the flrcngth, ma jnuude, and height of
thclflMUtags Sn4 making an allowance for their beiojr on the ex-
t '
•ifted
■ an allowance for ■ ■■■• on the <
CO other greatobjer fernd
to otncf grcatoujeci ui ieiieu ;•>
• (\. — But on the
^^^HH^MNQtif ihc were extremely to pro-
pO/lic- _ and depth of their coropanrnr.iH an-d pannel*,
IP the - ; from the « )C, -- .- were
to t>-. the dccoiwioo of theu private
; apaiim i grace, and
beauty, ll
• kit the ftoiur l "em pie of Peace, the
'acr 'On, aod other
:>orc, —
a.iil-kc of the »i
pert
to Ug« Geor-
with the iaitf»:i
• ha* been
.
« Mm
£lO V
»AtiOftt,wYitH|C
i^L2*t in
b.1 r >
4S4 Mtffrs. Adam'r ffW* m Jrthhe&m* No; L
frame J, almoft the only fpecies of ornament formerly known
in this country, are now univerfally exploded, and in stair
place, we have adopted a beautrful variety of light mould-
ings, gracefully formed, delicately enriched, and arranged with
propriety and (kill. We have introduced a great variety of
cielings, freezes, and decorated pi I afters, and have added/grace
and beauty to the whole, by a mixture of grotefquc * fteccp,
fine, and well painted, were very much mifplaccd, and snoft acctf-
farily , from the attitude in which they are beheld, tire toe paneocc
of every fpc&ator. Great compofitions (could be pIaccdfojUtt.be
viewed with cafe. Grotefque ornaments and figures* in any &nu-
, tion, are perceived with the glance of an .eye, and require Guk
examination. \l%~ \
* The heavy compartment cielings were afterwards adogtfd'ia
France; and Le Pot re adorned them with alt the trapping* *f his
luxurious imagination. Inigo Jones introduced them into Bnglaad,
with as much weight, but left fancy and embellithment. -.■.: .
* Vanbrugh, Campbell, and Gibbs, followed too implkitiy **e
anthority of this great name. Kent's genius for tbe piclarefqoe, ud
the vaft reputation he deiervedly acquired, made him in fame Vf>
fure withftand this prevalent abufe : he has much merit in being tie
fir It who began to lighten his compartments, and to introduce gro-
tefque paintings with his ornaments in ftucco. His works, however,
are evidently ihofe of a beginner. Mr. Stuart, with himrosicle*
Sance and ta&e, has contributed greatly toward introducing the true
yle of antique decoration ; and it feems to have been resetted for
the prefent times to fee compartment cielings, and thofe of every
kind, carried to a degree of perfection in Great Britain, that fitrfar*
pa/Tei any of the former attempts of other modern' nations.*- ™ *'
t * Tabtrtuult frame, a collective term, made ufe of hy'Eoglifii
art ilb to exprefs the whole dreffing of a door, window, ^fikfcj or
chimney, when the dreffing confifts of colamns or pilafterfc'fvldi as
entablature and pediments over them. This feems not to 'have "been
borrowed from the Latin, Italian, or French; the afwT fotfrcei
from whence our technical phrafes flow. We are, therefore, of
opinion, that it has taken its rife in this country, from tfie genenl
cuftom of decorating all the altar-pieces of our churches m tiiii
ftyle. • • -
4 In Roman Catholic countries, that part of the altar where: tic
cup containing the [loll is placed, is called tabernacle s attdbf sa
eafy tranfition, from a part to the whole, we have given the*Jt*r-
piece the name of tabernacle.
• This piece of decoration, which is extremely noble and tranri-
ful, when well compofed, is only condemned from its misapph'ca-
tion and frequent repetition in infide finifhing, where it ia by sack
too heavy and bold to admit of the gay ancfthe elegant, onldj is
very great apartments.*
• * fy grotefque is meant that beautiful light ftyle of oroasaetft
ufed by the ancient Romans, in the decoration of their palaces, beta*.
asi
Mijjh. Adam's lifch in AfthiMii**. No. I. 455
*^: •Tnj-iicirs W?eth«* with the flowing rainjeauf,
»Wt its Hi re-1, arui winding foliage.'
Without pre fuming to tlcciy the coqipoliticuu of others,
many of whom are here acknowledged to deferve great praifc,
our Author* flatter thor.fclvca that they hare a claim lo ap-
probation from the* cirrtunfUnrv — that they have been laudably
(Ambitious * to lirtsa' (the/ hope with iome degree of /iicccf*)
lie bcaitiful fpurit of antiqahy, and to transraft ir, with no-
% rUf and variety, through all ihear numerous work*/ — Praife
11 undoubtedly due to them, not only for the fpirit with which
they I ted into rhe great line of their art, but for the
it which they have paid to the beauties of decoration ;
rtain that, heretofore, our national tade, and ftyic
of ; t, rtocd in ;*reat need of improvement In this
of tbcit prcfcirt undertaking will not be ftri
vithin the immediate province of architecture » iot
they have extended their ddtjn fo far as to comprehend the
various kinds of ornamental furniture: fomc very elegant fpc-
<ion<nr ol which arc given in the publication now before us.
■ w nvpies, wc colouicd with the tints u(ed in
the execution, • not only that pofterity might he enabled to
juiJ^c, with accuracy, concerning ihc lallc of the prcfent age,
aVDcTtha; foreign connoincars may have it in their power to in-
<j«lgc their curiofity with refpeel to our national flylcof orn.i-
hit the public >n general mi^nt have an opportu-
It b affo to be feen in fomc of thtir amphitheatres,
. the grcatclt part of which being ranked and
cov*rc4*iih ruias, Q du£ up and cleared by the modem
-.0, for thefe re 1 J*--r »» give them the name of t?rw//, which
i> perhaa* acorraption o* :'<. award borrowed from
the Crcclcs, ;; ; X\i mort oi' their terms in architecture ;
;hc modern word grlffa** and the EnpjiHi word i?itt>
f.grif. Bft a CA*c~
(Real rtyle of ornsmenr, by far rhe molt pr rfrS that has
aver sppcarcd for ionde decoratiors and *hich ha* ftNvxi rhe re* of
rasa* ajei, like other workr of genus, requires not only fancy ao4
isnafin umti in the coiuposuion, but telle and judgment in the ap-
pricatiwfi; and when ill jar Savd tJ:-
gantsnode u t.tpaVc of in
iff**, apparently derived from rsm. an old French word,
&gmfyir>K the branch of a tree. Thii Fr*nc>i term it stfo «f«d by
the windi=£ and tw tiling of the
AcaatRM plant; which (lowing round in many graceful turning*.
fpreaiii its foliage with great beauty and variety, and it often inter*
asfared with human fgurri, animals, and birds, in) aginary or real ;
*ko n.th Uowcrt lad trails.'
G 1 3 uiey
45$ Mejfru Adam'* Workt in Architecture. , No. t\
nity of cultivating the beautiful art of decoration, hitherto fo
little underftood in moft of the countries of Europe.*
Wc have been the more liberal of our extracts from the ex*1'
planatory nctei added to this prefatory difcourfe, as they are
given by our Authors with a view to fupply, in forrie meafure,
a general deficiency, on this iubject, in all the encyclopedia
and technical di£tionarief.
Jt was, at fir ft, intended, by our Authors, as they infarip
us in their preface, to have prefixed to their defigns, a diBrfr
tation concerning the rife and progrefs of architecture in this
country; and to have pointed out the various ftages of its im-
provements, from the time that our anceftors, rcjinquifhlng cbe
Gothic ftyle, began to aim at an imitation of the Greciarr'
manner, until it attained that degree of perfection at whtcfrfr'
has now arrived, * Wc have/ fay they, * made many obfiftF
tious, and collected various materials to enable us to illuftrtnT*
this curious and entertaining fubje&; but to digell andW
range thefe would require more time than we can comnftiuj,
amidft the multiplied occupations of an aclive profeffion. "vVe, \
therefore, refcrve the fubjeel for fome period of greater lcifure ?'
—For the fake of thefe ingenious men, as well as for the ad-
vantage of the public, we heartily with that period may, in due '
time, arrive.
With refpect to the principal object of this firft number of
their undertaking, we are told that in 1762, the Duke of
Northumberland came to the refolution of luting up the apart*
ments of Sion-houfe, in a magnificent manner j that when he-
communicated his intentions to Mr. Robert Adam, he exprefled
his defire that the whole might be executed intirely in the an-
tique flyle j that upon this plan the alterations and irrftde de-
corations of Sion-houfe were begun ; and that as the idea war
to Mr. Adam a favourite one, the fubjedt great, the expence
unlimited, and the Duke himfelf a perfon of exteniive know*
, ledge and correct tafte in architecture, our Artift endeavoured
to render the habitation a noble and elegant one,— not unworthy
of a proprietor who poueJTed not only wealth to execute a great*
dcfign, but (kill to judge of its merit. J
The plates which decorate this number are, indeed, moft"
noble and elegant defigns, worthy the illuftrious patron of lie
undertaking, and worthy of the artift whofe abilities produced
them. The following is a lift of them ;
I. Plan and elevation of the gateway and porter's lodges^ front-
ing the great weft road from London to Hounflow.
If. Detail, or parts at large of the above gateway.
III. Plan and elevation of the bridge over a branch of the
Thames. " 1
IV. Per*
PfcflJia Wbeatlc// Pums vt iwim SmhjtSu 457
IV. Ptrj; to of the fame bridge. We do not re
lcci that wc hire cm feca fo decant attJ beautiful a d. . 1 ...
Ibckind,
of the principal^*;/- J of Sion-huufe.
VI. Section of the two rnr!< or" the W, ihewing the fynre
fcmicirculir reocflcs, n aJfo the ftcps riGrsg to the anii-
, and ibe additional fernery ccoaTiorwd by that cirearn.
ftttcd
VIT. Detail, or pasts of the lull at large.
VIII. Mifcciuuc mi* ccfig ib of Vltmj, picre; of f*r*itt*T{t
doflc for different perfoi 1 , which are here introduced in order
to . utility and Jtoffky to th* work. Some ci thefe
ft and elegance fujiciiof to every thing dft
ktnc1 h falten under our obferv-ition ; cfj\e»-ii!Jy the
lookiof-glafi -and commode- table, &c, and the brack** and
with tranches for candies, executed in wood, 1
Bou;
Thc Sefcripti+vt here given uf the platea, would have afforded
ui iaipe very i^reeable materials for i'jrther extsa&J ; bat 26 we
hare run out our proper limits, we ftatttl now conclude the ar-
wirh cxprefltng our hotne that tbc ingenious Authors will
meet, in the Uic of their firft number, « . :nt encourage-
ment to proceed in 1 and cApcnfive undertaking.
J • Some iR^*ftHcfei in the leieli of-ihe oSd ioors, fernr l.m'u-
tiosi from the dt nation of the - Hi, and fame wa.it of addi-
tional *<ighi3 to the ralur^cd apartments, were, ftyj Mr. AduBi
i:l diicoLIci with Vrhkfc I lad to Urocele. Tlicfc 1
1 Aatttr nyieii. 11c ia ignx mcafurc /mmounud. — Tl e inequality
oiaa* levris hii been sn;.n- ich a manner, bi to incr«*(c thn
fecabcry, ami a-U to &cn*vt.«<rit(o that 30 apparent delect iw b;cn
coavvw-ted into a rcil be;
A*t. VIT. Prtm m wn'«w S^J^t, «£/«« md ■*■*/. By Pi\Ula»
"Wlseitlef , Negro Scrraot to Mr. Johu WieaJcy ofBofloa ia Nc*
Katftaaid. laaao. a 1. tell. 1
IF wc believed, with the ancient mythologifi*, thatgeniui is
the offspring of the fun, we fhoufd rather wonder to it the
fab!c ri.ee have not been more diftinfcjMhed by it, than exprefi
/.: a finglc iullancx. 'I *hc experience of the wi*ld,
however, hat left to this parr of mythology but little piobo*
y for ita fupport ; and, indeed, it appro/* to be wrong in
i:t firft principles. A jv iximity to the fun. far 60m hcsgbicfi-
inc, the powera of the mind, appears to eclectic t hens, in pro-
ton aa it enervates the faculties of tbc body. Thus wc
hnd the tropical regions remartahlff for nothing but the tloch
-atod languor of ibeir iahibitaius, thai Ufcu liuooa,
458 Pbillis Wheatley'j Poems 0k varum Suhjefis.
and their deadnefs to invention. The country that grtetMrth
to Alexander and Ariftotle, the conqueror of the world, and
the greater conqueror of nature, was" Macedonia, naturally a
cold and ungenial region. Homer and Hefiod breached .the
cool and temperate air of the Meles, and the poets and heroes
of Greece and Rome had no very intimate commerce with- the
fun.
The poems written by this young negro bear no endcmial
marks of folar fire or fpirit. They are merely imitative ; and,
indeed, mod of thofe people have a turn for imitation, though
they have little or none for invention. .«
The following fbort account of the Author is prefixed wtbe
poems. * Phillis was brought from Africa to America id the
year 1761, between feven and eight years of age. Without any
afliftance from fchool education, and by only what (he Was
taught in the family, (he, in fixteen months time from her ar-
rival, attained the Engl ilh language, to which {he was an utter
ftranger before, to fuch a degree, as to read any, the molt 'dif-
ficult parts of the facred writings, to the great aftonfthmcot of
all who heard her. She has a great inclination to learn the
Latin tongue, and has made fome progrefs in it.'
She has written many good lines, and now and then one of
fupcrior character has dropped from her pen s as in the EpifUe
to Mecsenas,
* The lengthening line moves languifhing along.*
And in the * Thoughts on the Works of Providence /
' Or the fun fl umbers in the ocean's arms.'
In her verfes to the Earl of Dartmouth, on his being ap-
pointed Secretary of State for the American department, fee
fpeaks of her own fituation and country, which flic ieldom does
in any other part of her poems. After befpeaking his Lord-
Clip's favourable fentiments in behalf of American liberty,
{he adds,
* Should yoa, my Lord, while yon perofe my foeg,
Wonder from whence my love of Freedom fpmng,
Whence flow thefe wl flies for the common good,
, By feeling hearts alone beft underftoodV
I, young in life, by feeming cruel fate,
Was fnatch'd from Afric's fancied happy feat ;
What pangs excruciating moil molcA,
What ibrrow labour in my parents' breaft ?
'"Steel'd was that foul, and by no mifery mov*d, ■ ■
.. . That from a father feiz'd hit babe belovM :
' Such, fach my cafe. And can I then bnt pray
Others may never feel tyrannic fwayr*
V7c are much concerned to find that this ingenious youiaj
woman is yet a fiavo. The pengfeof Boftoa m therafeWo
chieSy
Fcrgufon'f &.Vr? A&Mmtat Rrmifit. 459
tlicfiy on their pwocipks of liberty. 0 >% a* the por-
rJutibcE her frreiiorn, would, In our op . dooc chem
more honour than banging a thou *n4 Hoc* with ribbons *nd
rrnhhiti
Mtlbm&l Hsfiifti : She* kg how jo con:
:n anJ eif,
fevera! mifcelianeou* Article* and new Tftblfi, Src.
iftafeheA
:..s. avo. 5 1. Cadtll.
F* V IK V pul fieatton of ibh Ingeil iduflrioui Au-
^ Uor 13 acceptable to the public. 'II- crc is always fomc-
ti . , ' ' her in the macci 01 n i m£* : and
. teems to have taken leave of the public in the fbort
11 cf hia life, cjfcovcric;, j:id w/hingj,
•;on to tl 1 , we will hope torenewour
*cqu;; ;th him on future occafions, which, at picfem,
'' 1 -Mr (0 forefee. — Ic
: leafure co pay our tribute of rcfpocl
mid to mudeft merit ; but Mi. IVs name and eharae-
1 u-cil kiivwn, that he Hands in no need of our re-
1
The ti'Jc-page of this work gives a general account of iti
contents. Seme of the article* aic *rw; fuch particularly U
ine fa le« for dividing the lines on feales and fcclort :
others arc on difcoverics already made in m:cha-
ntaantfaflronomy, an I mifrelhneousfuoJG&t: and wher pipers
*ie valuable communications from ingemo is to Mr»
Ferfcirfon, or cxfratls from their publications The whole is
introduced by a Inert account of the life of the Author ; In
this worthy man difcovers much of th-it fimplioty and
mooV: m fa amiable to all who know hici.
We inalJ give our Renders a few extracts from tbb picre of
biography, by which they wi!l perceive the furprrfmg pr
-way be made by genius and indufiry, under very peculiar
« A r*it m life (fays our Author) from a rtry
1 remote part of the ifland, rut occafiorroJ
foroe falfe and indeed very improbable pirticuhis to be related
of me, 1 t it the better way, inftcad of contra-
diflirg them one by one, tO I circumftantial
detail of my wbo!c proceedings, from my firft obfeure begin-
:ioie; wherein if ! mould infert fome par-
1; ot little tt.oincnt, I hope the good-natured Reader will
kindly ttcolc me.
* 1 wm born in the year 1710, a few miles from Keith, a
Utile riiUge la Baowllhirc, m the North 0/ ikoilarvd > and can*
469 Fergufon'/ Stkff Mtcbankal Ex grafts,
with pleafure, fay, that my parents, though poor, were reJi^
gious and honeft, lived ih good repute with' all who knew them,
and died with good characters.
* My tafte for mechanics arofe from an odd accident— -
When about 7 or 8 years of age, a part of the roof of the houfe
being decayed, my father, delirous of mending it, applied a.
prop and lever to an upright fpar to raife it to its former fili-
ation j and, to my great aitonifhment, I Taw him, without coo*.
fidering the reafon, lift up the ponderous roof as if it had been
a fmall weight, I attributed this at firft to a degree of ftrength
that excited ray terror as well as wonder : but thinking further
of the matter, I recollected that he bad applied his ftrength to
chat end of the lever which was furtheft from the prop ■, and,
finding on enquiry, that this was the means whereby the fecruiug
wonder was effected, I began making levers (which I then.
called bars) ; and by applying weights to them different ways,
I found the power gained by my bar was juft in proportion to
the lengths of the different parts of the bar on either fide of
the prop. I then thought it was great pity that, by means of
this bar, a weight could be raifed but a very little way. On,
this, 1 loon imagined, that by pulling round a wheel, the weight
might be raifed to any height by tying a rope to the weight, md
winding the rope round the axle of the wheel ; and that the
power gained muft be juft as great as the wheel was broader
than the axle was thick ; and found it to be exactly fo, by bang*
ing one weight to a rope put round the wheel, and another to
the rope that coiled round the axle. So that, in thefe two ma-
chines, it appeared very plain, that their advantage was as great
as the fpace gone through by the working power exceeded the
ipace gone through by the weight. Aod this property I alio
thought mult take place in a wedge for cleaving wood; bat
then I happened not to think of the (crew/ * I then wrote a
(hort account of the machines, and (ketched out figures of them
with a pen, imagining it to be the firft treatife of the kind that
ever was written.'— 00 early did this Author's genius for me-
chanics firft appear ; and from fuch fmall beginnings did that
knowledge fpring, for which he is now fo juftly d;ftingui(hed.
•His tiii! application to aftronomy was no lefs remarkable.
He was employed by a neighbour to his father in keeping flieep ;
and i» this firuation be began to ftudy the {tars in the night.
* In the evenings, when my work was over, I went, fays he,
into a field, with a blanket about me ; lay down on my hack,
and ftrctched a thread with (mall beads upon it at arms length
between my eye and the (tars ; Aiding the beads upon it till they
hid fuch and fuch liars from my eye, in order to take their ap-
parent diftance* from one another ; and then, laying the thread
down
Fcr&ufooV Waff A&baviiel Exertifu.
46t
down on a p~per, I marked the ftars thereon by the bead*, ac*
cortNng id ihci ni, having a candle by me/
Happening; one day to pay a vifit to the miniltcr xi Keith,
he ob<rr>«d foroe map-. ; and procuring rhr wfc of* a map of the
:., I c took a copy of h : this prepared the way for hi* intro-
duction to the family of a neighbouring gentleman, whofr but-
ler ww of ccmfiderabTe fervicc to our young Jtudcnt in his eager
ace. By the defer iption of a globe in Gordon °c
a! Grammar, he wa* enabled to make * pjobc out cf
pon which he delineated a [nap or" the world 5
he lit ii ring and horlron <M wood, covered
them stith piper, in<] graduated them $ arid by means or" thi»
globe hrf! cotiM fnlvc the problems.
;rijj a fit of illncf*, .which was the effect or" bard Li hour,
made a wooden clock, the funic nf whhh was
a,(o • aH it kept time pretty well. The bell, on w|i.
ruck the h n mo neck of a broken b.itrle."
Sometime after ha/ins been fhewn a watch, and the con-
fhu^tion and ufc of the (pring being explained to him, he fct
atv of Ini own, with woolen whrrl* \ anJ
rnarie the fprinr or wbvlcbonc : the whole wa* inclofed ia a
v/6rk*ci i r than a breakfaft tca-f
A'tcr khi* he paid a vinl to the l..ic ^^^ Jame* Dunbar of
Di.rn, who kindly received and employed htm in hi* houfc.
■ Two bfgO • (fayi he) Hood on the top of his
; on one of them l painted (with oil-colour*) a map of
me teri'.rtri:ii ;-■'■■- *nd on the other a map of the ccleftiJ,
from a plan'rprtcre of the ftarj, which I copied on paper from
a ee*.cft>al globe belonging to a neighbouring gentleman. The
poics cf the painted $obcj ftood towaidt the vole* of the hca-
vcOl : on each, the ?.; hours were placed mtmd thermunoelia!,
fo as to (hew the time or the day when the fun (Hone out, bjr
the bound .try where tlK half of the globe at anv time enrigh-
tcned by tr c fan was parted from the other half in the (hade |
the ned parts of the tcrrellrial giot«c anfwering to the
like ;*.c4 part* of the earth at all time*. So that, when-
ever the i*cn (hon? on the globe, one might fee to what plaecs
the fan tea* then rifinp, to what pi ice* it was fating, nnd a I
the place* where it wa". then day or ni^ht throughout "the earth/
liy hi* connection with this family, he made connderable 31$.
vaocc* in his purfnu*, and procured not only an eafy
. but hid likewife the pleafurc of occa-
-pplyinc the wanti of his poor fitnrr.
In 17 cd hh 4>flr9*mUa/ rttvU, which introduced
him to an acquaintance with the celebrated MmUktm, from
whom he received yery eonnocrablc encouragement ; and lie
grateful arrf rcfnecafnl terms of Mc.M.MtvtA-
..lit.
462 ' Fcrgufon'j Seh8 Mechanical Sxcrcifesl
(hip. The firft orrery our ingenious mechanic ever faw yn$
Mr. M.'s ; and, without examining the wheel-work by whico
the feveral motions were governed, he contrived an iniuumettt
that anfwercd all his expectations. ' It (hewed the fun's mo-
tion round his axis, the diurnal and annual motions of the earth
en its inclined axis, which kept its parallelifm in its whole
courfe round the fun ; the motions and phafes of the moon,
with the retrograde motion of the nodes of her orbit ; and,
confequently, all the variety of fcafons, the different Iength»of
days and nights, the days of the new and full moons, and ecjip-
feV He alfo made a (mailer and neater orrery, with wheels of
ivory. Since that time (1743) he has conftructed fix orjerjes,
in which be has been making continual improvements. %(i' '
Soon after this Mr. F. removed to London ; where he hid
not been long fettled before he loft his patron, to whom he ti*<±
been particularly recommended, and who had conferred upon
him many obligations.
About tiiis period, he invcnteJ his machine for delineating
the path of the earth and of the moon round the fun, of wbkh
we have a figure in the 7th plate of his book of aftronomy.
In 174.'* he publifhed bis diflcrtation on the phcenomena of
the harveft moon, with the defcription of a new orrery, in which
there are only four wheels. Wc cannot help admiring tbe dif-
fidence with which he cxprcfles himfclf as to this publication.
* Having the pleafure (he fays) to find that this my fifft
work was not ill received, I was emboldened to go on in pub-
Iifhing my Aftronomy, Mechanical Ledures, Tables" and
Trafts relative to feveral arts and fciences, tbe Young Gen-
tleman and Lady's Aftronomy, a finall treatife on Elecwcity,
and the following Ihccts/
Since the year 1 74S, he has been employed in reading lec-
tures and exhibiting experiments in mechanics, hydroftatic?,
hydraulics, pneumatics, electricity, and aftronomy ; in all which
(as he gratefully acknowledges) his encouragement has been
greater than ever he expected.
The beft machine, he tells us, which he ever contrived, is
the tclipfareon -, and next to this is his univerfal dialing cylinder.
There is a figure of the former in the 13th plate of his Aftro-
nomy, and of the latter in the 8th plate of the fupplemeot to
his Mechanical Lectures.
He concludes the account from which thefe extracts are taken*
with the following patfage j which gives us a pleafing view
of the difpofition of the many as his writings have done with
refpeft to the abilities of the Author. * It is now thirty years
fince I came to London ; and during ail that time, I have met
with the higbeft inftances of friendfEip from all ranks of peo-
ple both in town and country, which I do here acknowledge
wuh
I.c! hrp of irihx.!. ^.5j
:-noft rcfpc& im gratitude ) and ;a
* Jt of t*«
regularly
m." — Oh ' tint the /r
'-J esubij him to doubt: the fan
frrimmj. See oar I: Rciirw.
THE th:-3 bi;ok of this riluablc work ia diridoJ into
, and faerie* on the Hifloiy of !■ rn the
i kir^ Henry the K.urth to tne death of Queen
■ atcr part of tbia rxriod, the country co-itinaed
1 ivhich it haif form:
vj8 rridc :n reducing it to order j»J igbjoflion.
attention of Henry the roirth \vn chiefly confined to the
at rmme, t^at he 1
I:e hie ;■; iTjr the
ha arn-
. difrr^rdtd by him. let im*-
i .1 hut in the forcinl petition v :
- ■ "i- m h Hi ■ - its in'-nvy pulia-
w thout
, who had frtt
I fl9t kfngccrrj, wcte by thi* time reduced to
■
of Tnz\
rU narive Irifli rrmfnl.-rrd the whole racr»
ill who would net ccti rnt to adopt r
;d intruder*. Their fcllow-fubjecis
tlieir filuatiOflf, fron the magnified r
, and fmm rhcirwn illiberal
grit to confound tl n with the
■
ftCqUtAi .r wjrif..
fen . I fron tie cord tad •.
iudgme.it \v: iw waj 1
' : cb oblrjcxl w*»dcrift£
.vith
^utiMeoi (ho HngBb
were
ftudehrs, t
Inca of the fi 1 . . td from ii
, they *wrc ,
rexiurfc a* w«,
ncd (I 1 '.i.i.i- , tod ibppoficy wat
464 Leland'* Riflary of Irchnd.
equally unjuft, that denied them the opportunity of studying
tbofe laws by which they were to be governed.
The bloody contefts between the factions of York and Laa-
cafter, which began in the reign of Henry the Sixth, were
feverety felt in Ireland ; and, for many years, raifed an infu-
pcrable obftacle to the reformation and fettlement of that de-
tracted country. The appointment of Richard Duke of York,
the father of Edward the Fourth, to the chief government of
that kingdom, had a Luting and important influence upon its
. affairs. Richard made ufe of the mod conciliating policy ; he
• treated the old natives with equity s and he caufed very popu-
lar laws to be enacted. By thefe means he recommended bioi-
iclf fo effectually to the inhabitants of Ireland, that, when he
fled thither for flicker, after his defeat at Blore- Heath, near
Stafford/hire, he was received not as a fugitive, but with all
the marks of deference due to a Chief Governor, and all. the
warmth of affection which his former conduct had excited.
While his adherents were proclaimed rebels and traitors, and
himfelf formally attainted in a parliament held at Coventry,
. the body of Iriih fubjects declared almpft unanimoufly in favour
. of his caufe, and zealoufly refolved to fupport it with their
lives. He had the addrefs, likewife, to obtain fome very extra-
ordinary acts in his behalf, from an Irifh parliament.
After. tr^e acceflion of Henry the Seventh, the greater num-
ber of nooie families in Ireland continued Hill zealoufly attached
to the boufe of York. When, therefore, Lambert Sirnnel
aflumed the character of Earl of Warwick, fon to the puke of
Clarence, he was received in that country with the warmpft
affection ; was entertained and treated as a fovereign ; was ia 1
few days publicly proclaimed King ; by the name of Edward
the Sixth; and foon after was folemnly crowned at Dublin,
where he convened a psrliament, in which laws were enacted,
fubfldies granted, and the utmoft vengeance denounced againft
thofe who prefumed to refift the new government.
Henry the Seventh's policy enabling him to get the better of
all his enemies, he paid a ierious attention to the reduction of
Ireland into greater order and fubjection. For this purpofe, he
conflituted Sir Edward Poynings Vicegerent of that country.
The fchetne of this Chief Governor was nothing lefs than that
of a general and extenfive reformation of the itate, to put an
end to the iniquity of minifters, and the opprcflions of the
people, as well as to extinguifh every remaining fpark of dis-
affection and rebellion. Sir Edward fummoned a parliament
to meet at Drogheda in 1495, fourteen months after his fir ft
arrival in Ireland ; an interval which afforded him fufEcicnt
opportunity of hearing the popular complaints, and the devices
of
LcIcaJ'j H$9ry $f fa!** I.
*$
-atefmen, of pftfccliy irfcrming bimfeJf of the difordm of
the country, and of cuuildahug the ic.ncJics itcccfEirj to be
Applied.
' The principal Uunt of this aiTerablv,' far* our ingenious aid
citrine hiliorian, * ui: to rtlicse -ml
k«u - irntOM influence of tbc great lv>rdi ; Ui | Jn-
e;en*ri«y, ard reform tie raianen of the pal-; to ftrengtbeo and
|« rerelU of i lw oown ; CO revile hirmer lawi, and re* a-
la;c tfcc prvec-dinea of future parliaments. Their fUtlUtt li-J *
pcrttur.' :iarJubIe clTcft on the political coafliiuuon of Ire-
iid feme notice, not I" inm.h ;i> correct the ctrctefs
lioni of fnfrtr K.npliei hiiloriars, ai to V.atc CiCti
tr»
•ot Kieeiteatt or perplexity, fomo of which, it tbe diDaaxe of two
hundred a*d fevent *■ li . c % caj*, ate matter* oi fij^cnlax difcwlfioa
in Iralaad. aid, it the rctj time J now write* tlvcic afford ca intctcil-
iatjful'jea of debate,
* It fcM; thr tint care of chit iffrinbly, rnrt purpofely and
.• fcr the efteAual r-~fornut;o:: pale, to relieve the
from thofe grievous inapofitioai caliccj coytvc and liver/, by
: .; great Loidi bad dcfolatcd the Innd ; bajiillitnfc tbc ficc-
. and filling th< "i^ti.
over whon they rtagned, and by whom :!rrr were attended, in all
th* flat? of b*>rberoui fovtreignty. lis thf place oft fub-
Jtttatad a tax of t»^nt>- i< IhiUinjp ami ci^ht peace on evi/7 fix
icoce acres of arable land, belonging cither to lay or cctlcfiaAical
proprietors, to be paid for J ■ ■ It was even fw-
bi.Vian to rr rr under
- *.amc of gift or reward, and the ray giver was made liable ti> a
peoUty o; jnr hand red (hillings. Where th* necrotics ot tbc (Ute
^airtersn^ of foldicr;, the rates of their nuiritcrianco
netl and prefcribrd, the poaoda^c paid to the brotherhood
vi **r Gec*rge, as it had been by thii time abufed and perverted.
«vu oaile jujjblr only to the King ; feveral pennant which had been
extorted by the morehen and other Lord*! both lay tenant aid
«<fcffn licit for th« pretended purpofe of fctaiiiog their poiacfljq*,?,
wcie utterly revoked and annulled. Tne inftriai orders of iobyects
were thus bound only to a Certain tinted touuibuiioa to trie ekigcci-
Cic .1'iul any additional charge, tut that ofsecuriaif; the
is-: m inroads, ivy throwing, op a competent en trench ofcceji,
for vhien eacb tenant was to be allowed one ycsr'a rent.
- The preambles' of thefc ievea-al.ftatueej contain fevcre rcfloetjftcia
on tho/e Leeds by whreo iSc people bad been fo grjciouil* opprefted,
tin the exiortioni daily ccerciacd by perfum of great iei
the laaid, and the f.-btie acd crafty mean* [of Bnff»ralcalile inipofiajpn
pradiird ander colour of jaftice, by per font pretending to be oCAfi
King'i council. To esrcamfcribe the po«er of thefc jjjeat kadiop;
pcitooajei, it was evicted (and tho Uws thcoiiVlvo feint nut ihtir
pra&kcs) that no cithtco, bors:cr), or frecrnaa of any «.
receive ; y ir ■ igea, &a the falloweT of any great Lord ; •* faraf-
■ach at the <ht« axd great lowni, and efpecialiV the city flf Dob-
5in. hove of lete been ahufcd, ir.d inotduaMely have denenased
^dcafrUci, cootrftry to their tuiural faith ted alU^Jixw, fa Vwa
466 LelandV Hiftuj of Jrtknd.
amity and favour they did bear to divers Lords and gentlemen of tie
land.*0 It was alfo provided that no Lords or other perron*, fcotafr*
mediately connected with corporate towns, fhould be admitted Wt©
their councils, as freemen or magiilrates, ana* that none fhool<J.ttc
chofen magiilrates or freemen but fach as had ferved apprcnticcihrps,
and were conftant inhabitants of the refpective cities. - The great
Lords them Pelves were forbidden to retain any followers, but thtfa
houfhold officers and menial fervanta, except the marcher** win
were neccflarily allowed a larger following, but were to certify the
-names and number of their retinue. For the fame porpofe of dtt
folving particular affociations, it was forbidden to make war or
peace, without licence of the deputy, and to excite the IrHh agaioft
the inhabitants of the pale, or to raife any war again ft the Governor,
was declared high-treafon. All thofe compulfbry alienation* of
church lands, by which the great oppreflbrs had been enriched, *mt
revoked; they were forbidden to keep any great gun, or htatf-rtra,
without fpecial licence : and all their military cries, and words' 0?
diftinttion ufed by the feveral factions, were prohibited aa utterly
{editions and illegal. To reform the lower orders of fnbjeonA they
were ftriftly enjoined the regular and conftant ufe of archery. Tttff
were forbidden, in cafe of murder, to prorccnte the offender w-di
old IriiH method of compelling his fept to pay a fine, but to proceed
regularly according to tne Englifli law ; and this crime of Border*
by a feverity moll expedient and neceflkry in timet of turbulence;,
was declared to be high-treafon. For the like purpofe of rtdsdag
the fubjec*t within the bounds of civil polity, the ftatutcs ofKilkcawr
were revived and confirmed, except that which prohibited* the Me
tof the Irifh language, which had by this time fprcad throigh air da)
Bngtifh fetttements, and that which prefcribed the ufe of Caddies, ia
which particular the Irifh cuftom had ft> prevailed, as to reader it
' ImpofQble to be abolifhed, or at leaft too inugnificant to be ftfaisal,
when it was no longer a mark of national diltio&ion. All otter t*>
tares made in former parliaments for the common weal, were by the
• fame law confirmed ; and fuch irregularity had been produced -by
the pnblic disorders, and fuch confufion in the records of flare, awl
the ad dire&s that thefe flatutes be tmyuirti of, and executed, and
for the future carefully enrolled by the Lord Treafurer in 'the Kiag's
Bench and Common Place. » •.-
* But this confirmation of former flatutes was not without pasticn-
Jar exceptions.'— . • .- . 1
. * The only fiatotei made in this aiTembly, which Knglifh hifl9-
rians have deligned to record, remain ftill to be fpecified. One of
thefe purports, that " whereas many flatutes lately made within the
rtfalm of England would contribute to the wealth and prefperfty-of
Ireland, if nfed and executed in the fame, it is ordained 'and via-'
blifhed by the authority of parliament, and by the a/Tent of XJrds
sMd Commons, that all ftatutes lately made within the realm of Eng-
land, belonging to the public weal of the fame, be deemed- feed
and esseclual in law, accepted, ufed, and executed within this Taxi
of Ireland, authorized, approved, and confirmed in the faid land."
Tijii, which Lord Bacon calls a memorable law, was in his dars
Aired,' by way of eminence, the Law of Poyninga ; and \s repre-
*- -*■ -v fcnt^
LtUniTj Wjfnj tfhtkmL
4«7
leited by ibis i- -iking tie Itttutci of
l.t^tvc to be of foroa in JrcUaJ. Hat dm *iopti^n ei'EnjrliJh lU-
totca u \kc [rife pa :* osw no.* cttraonlifur)1.
We £n4 «kc vec- :e of ike
mfc year of E4«aid ;-e Fourth. Much lei", < -joie coo-
■■ 0!'
iking U«0 fih ue-
; i;I-MW rcprefcntatioi A CO iitC a!
irf ikcir *u: '. •.,nj; tub appellation)
tf/toj of :
3 of politic*! debate,
*ai W Iki ■• the name of P07-
«:< iHm t, it be hclitan in (ait
,.U»iJ. ' nd acre J dull cun-
1 n which i}j«f#
■ 3d anotxahl to Uia
!r« j-jcH of the Ccmmcms cf the land . be
1 (irJ iacdi c; ;U.v. at Oie ntxc pirliiment
ikat teere ftia!l \i tmeot and iir/a<c.
*»)n#«io acaon^ll otfcfr (be King'i Craw intenckth to hire 2 gaatfaj
rciooiacion • ' . funi thf hit day ot ih« reign o*
King &I .1, to puIiainciK Sr hoUcn hcictficr 11. the
Caiiiaftd. bat at fui ! comttal
t* do certify :ae Kjag an«ier the jreit real of that land, the
s4 coofidcj-a:;'--M and all f«<b Mi at then icemeth ihouW
f-i'» U t«e iui:ic p^u.Mrucal, :itJ fuC I »|( a*4
. tfiiaacU b» in ini cou'ip;, ;.j be g;oi and expedient
iat Uetd, at.d cii 1: opon, ai ncJi in aaVtoaUoo of tne
<• ui«i parlmoent uo^ei r.*a
I of Uugliflrf J.- .r done, a pari;*
M h*4 aA*i hoUUc ■' -en ifprt rtaWiffaal 1 and if
any rociUractc Uf hot^c/i i« || die forsa
• litQtft aJbtcfa-v, U be .•- ... > .1 iud M 0Ct« c&£ iu
afhth<e meafurc. of H*-nrr f'^t Scvrrtth might not be
attends! with all the £<>od eiiVcta tl 'be sillied tram
them, )#f it w from tl that weanaj date the r<*\iva! of
!; from it,. v.jr m
!. had gradually declined inio
* miferaMc an-? pfcc; rioj: lia:e of vteatnc of
the crotvo, h at lad becu Jcfici, ibfuIirJ. aid re-
jcd«4fe tveu in (be En^li(b territory, wai rertoreJ soJ cdo-
hroicd by a rebellion n-oroully u^ofed dnd fucecf..ul!y up-
preiTc.!. 1 1 ry of tee Cftfwn 0/ tt i 1.14
whole bo4y of the lriJ>, fecms in for o^er rri^aa ti» hate been
forgotten; but now* e find it fortrul'jr claimed and aliened j
•nf fomeof the mrft p-rflilcDtan M 101 ^u* of the [nlh Chi^t-
dktf. were become the arowtd friend* of the Knglifli pover.
"^Bfalc, indeed, waj not >et extended, but it waj fecaeri
R«v. Dec. 1773. iJ h ««kiti
468 Lcland'j Hifltry of inland,
more effectually than in Tome former reigns. The ignominious
tribute for a long time paid to feveral Irifli Chieftains wa* out
withdrawn, but the holt ili ties of fuch Chieftains were oppofed
and ch. ftifed. Even in their own diftri&S they were made to
feci the fuperiorit? of Engliih government. What principal!/
embarrufled the adminifliation was the {till encrcafing dejgene-
racy of the Engliih. ( This cir cum fiance created a nutriter of
enemies more inveterate than the old race of natives, and pup*
duccd a long train of confequences, extremely fatal to the peace
and prolpcnty of the kingdom of Ireland*
The reign of Henry the Eighth prefents us with a fucceffibn
of events, relative to Irifli affairs, which would be well worthy;
of notice, if our limits would permit us to enter into a Specifi-
cation of them. The Earl of Surrey's government was' iiicJs
as merits the mod honourable remembrance. The account of
the rebellion of the Kildares, and *f the dreadful vengeance jmr
fliclcd upon that family, is intending and afFtcling.. The .aft;
which conferred upon Henry and bis Heirs the title of King- ©f
Ireland was judicious ana political. With regard to the refor-
mation of religion, though the Irifli people were very 'ill'onV
pofed to it. we find that their parliament was as compliant upon
this head, as that of England had been.
• The tranfaftions,* fays our Author, ' of a late parliament at
Weftminfter fufficiently informed the Irifh fubjefts what acts would
be mod acceptable to the King, and were made the model of iteir,
prefent ordinances. Left to the direction of their own lo/at teal,
they proceeded not merely to provide for the internal regurlaritm'ibd
local neccftuies of the pale, but to decide on points equally pertain-
ing to the realm of England, and to the land of Ireland (appotfM
and belonging to the imperial crown of that realm, as tlity . cxprfS
it) and to the unity, pence, and <uW/£» of both lands. .. > t.v->*. *
* Having nrli paired an aft of attainder againft the late fiari of
Vildare, and the aiTociates of his rebellious fon, they proceeded r#
adjuft the right of facceffion to the crown of England, mndlaiikif
of Ireland. They pronounce the marriage of the King with Cstha*
rine of Arragon to be null and void, and the fentence of fepaaasaaB
by the Aixhbilhop of Canterbury to be good and effectual. . They
declare the inheritance of the crown to be in the King and his inn
by Queen Anne ; pronounce it high-treafon to oppafe thiifucedBoa, -
mifprifion of txeafon to dander it ; and appoint ap oath of aikgianos
to be taken by the fubjecU of Ireland for the fure i-rtabliihment of it,
under the penalties of mifprifion of rreafon. But fcarcely had thh
ad been pa fled, when intelligence arrived of the condernnatsoa aad
death of Anne Boleyn, and the marriage of the King with the Lady jsat
Seymour. With the fame eafe and compliance with Henry's withes,
which had been expietied in the Engliih parliament, they inftsntly
repealed their aft; and, by another law, fentence of attainder paled
on the late Queen, George Boleyn, Lord Rochfort, Henry Norm,
E<4 i Sir Fraud* WcAon, William Brcrcton, and Mark Smeatoa,
ad*
m
land'/ ULfrrj cf /m.W. 469
I u ictfwplicci in the fapyc-M guiU of tl
:-tl drt'.arrdi
. cflioo con&nan 1 thei,cir*c* Lot
i»era-
htfdftitiorirrh&J. by \t:tcr\ piten
'■red
furrem? r.ca.i, or* ejfih. o( :*« ch-jr*a of Ircjjmd j all *;
Home lafpcncua! «oi« *tM lakrn »«■*( tlie . *j;»iml
flanderirg she King, in coafcqucr.ee ot thcic antOTaiions, vm co&/flc4
together with lie prori£' >n
ruiti to the Kirn; l>u: ncc only of the
'Oi ia :f»«
.ct ftclj he wai veiled m:K ihcic oj abbft>» ptt-
and hotyiuU. By anotier, tl.-- ia&oi
. fulcmnly rcnojaciJ, iuJ tlic mi;r,uia<;*
:in:1 nude fuhjrvt to prcmunlrr. /(|| o&ccre, o< etcry
31**. »*rr dii ; ;e the oath cr fupretnacr: and
every perlo* »-ho rhcuM rtfofr it declared, «: in England, to be
g«»Uy of high-Utffifoi. All payasent of pc*t'i»*t and fuieg tor dif
pcoiilit-Ls and faculties to Rome, were attcriy prohi -dopt*
log thr Ekflifh law, nudr for thii purpose io<1 accommodating ic CO
1. ty one ift, i*e o«i houtVk were (upp relied; by
c pricey of Sain:
crown,*
' •;: ui LJwArd i!ic Sixth, Dr. LcI-jiiJ has gircu.
a dclcriplioa of (be circumftaacc* wflicls,
, were unfavourable to the progici> of ihc Reform 1-
hoa, tbac lU of k cannot fail o.' gratifying our
tlie diipclhions of a great pirt -jf ;!:c ;*ci»?Ic con-
curred with iliolc ol' the crown, lad even n rnleii,
i * che remtc Crocn popery. In Ireland, rfee Re'oraMtioa u m tcnJtrtd
to a priadiocd and 1 iciVtanr people, >wcd rncm
Kvg&fc g0«c«amcat. Rod (he fnctioo* »?po*er««f sdcninifli
mrailr regarded every new regalafioa is tae *^*i.'a of .
jrfcicrary, •ipprrifivr, 30 J injurious, and
t-«^lU-s aRaan* |l<* oSeatire nxeruomaf w I***) mote
peaceable, mLo bad attee beca accuftosacd do a fcfiwj difctfiite of
lie r.reat f<*int» i.» co&iec »criy, relied iftdotartt)
(aa u area called} of t»e foraicr elublithmmts an<i in < •■
iUtr ol'aaictl. were ftt*ckcn with grear termr, >: «r»f
.■<a^rancr, thuwlered bj th* t
aaoioacvbai 'ivcchar*.
rigOus of bit Joternrxctif, had drircn \ht vile :.
tbe iriifc race 10 tbrniil pfo^feiaoQi and cofldrrcenfcon'. nhrefc the
^ery cafe aod icadinr^ uiili wtuch thev nrr? m-»c'e, ik<* to hxir
lee* jtw.lc anilaaoc due j'.tcanoa aad leiriouj cccviAioii. 1
iI>oriiy 01 a mwor King ^i> Iris e<raciBrJ or 4rcad«da at ihc f*me
iha: cSc »tijfci£.iioiii new co lie mmdc wrie r>orr •
lei . iw;i.
ilh 1
47p !MMnVttHj/!*rj*firiteA
* As to Ac inferior orden of men, no meafures appear (o fcave
been taken, from the firft beginnings of tiic Reformation, to. en-
lighten' their ignorance, or correct' their prejudices. " Hard it 11/*
fifth a Chancellor of Ireland in this reign, " that men fhoald know
their duties to God and to the King, when they {hall not hear teach-
ing or preaching throughout the year." And at a time when the
mechanic in England coold hear and convey inftrudion, and was ia»
bitnated to religious enquiry, the fame minute complains that if
Ireland, " preaching we have none, which ii our lack, wither
which the ignorant can have no knowledge." At fir! view one mi
fnppofe that in the more civilized dirtriila at leait, fome mca
might have been pnrfaed for promoting the knowledge of reljjjiaji ;
and that ArcKbifhop Browne, not contented with removing 1°™?
and deftroyinjj rcliquc?, might have formed an a&ive and zeaSu*
miffion, to labour for the converfion of the people. But numbers of
his clergy, wc have already (ten , abandoned their curesVather tjiaa
difclaim the papal authority; nor was it poffible to fill np-'iheh*
wretched benefices at once with zealous and able reformers. Natter
do we find thofe Englishmen his futfragans who were favcnirernoT dae .
Reformation, diftingoiftied by any commendable fervicci ;. nor were
the labours of fuch Englifh clergymen fitted, for the "i-"T)|lT
and neccflities of the nation. Even within the Englith pale, the
Jrifh "language was become fo predominant, that laws were repeat-
edly enafled to reftrain it, but with that inefficacv with which laws
are generally oppofejl to inveterate coftoms, and in a country not
inured to obedience, in thofe trails of Irrfli territory, whitji iater-
feded the Englifh fettlements, no #ther language was at all known :
fo that here, the wretched slock was totally inacceffible w thofe
grangers who were become their nominal patters. The laws wide
in the late reign to correct thefe inconveniencies, even, £f datfly
obeyed, required f>me confiderable interval, to operate with any
effect. In the mean time the partizaos of Rome found a ready ad-
milT'oh into thofe diftricts where the reformed clergy, if focb there
were, could neither be regarded nor understood. T*hey fpoke to
their countrymen and kialmen, irt their own language, and were
beard with attention, favour, and affection. If we look ttr "tanfe
parts of Ireland more remote from the feat of Englifh government,
the profpect Jlill appear* more gloomy* Here, many of the ^reUitts
ilill continued to be nominated by the pope, and enjoyed their fan
by his provifiou, in defiance of the crown of England : others,
wough appointed by the King, had yet a rival seat from Rome to
contend with. The people, removed beyond the fpbere of ftogjifc
ItWi had not known, or not regarded the ordinances lately made
with refpeft to religion, nor con&dered themfelvea aa interefied or
concerned in any regulations hereafter to be made. The only la-
trance in which they conceived themfelres bound to Englifh gdfrn-
ment, even in the prefect revival of its power and confequence, w*s
that of not rifing in arms, and invading the King's fubjecls : latid
that wu thonty which had not as yet reduced them within the boaaa*
of civility, could not, without the imputation of extravagance, at-
tempt to model their zeiigious sentiments."
1 '" r $*
f-thnd'/ Hyt«i\f :
i ipCt
The foanh bock uf the lsi.1
;^ns of Queen rpci, tȣ
ic (hi -r fcrft year* of his ion and fccceJfur, uuluJmy the
Bal. were then gran-led to the IjiAi fulijccl>. n> we
is the affairs of Ireland, they became mere and cnore
Jtfilh tlac Hate of England, and ctcnO* To:
' Vifi rm many events or Llaabath's
.. i<Jc» our Rca I rk it-
M mm with simple gi i. In chit
md, and ihe complicated dan-
Princefi demanded an extraordinary i\.
to the interelTi of the crown in Ireland. Al
:i of ujaunotioru in that country auide J to :hc aontc-
tignf and enraged her in a perpetual contert with
too, infurrcciicn, and foreign invaAoo, till a general rcbcl-
It length happily fubdued, fcrved to confirm the authority
fcoglilh Kovcrn--nc.it, broke the turbtttaol fpiriu o* kl eno
to obedience, and laiil a fair .'Vmrtriation for the peaces Ve
tonal fcttlement of the whole inland.
the cutw ioi ont in E
■ <]'.)• rcTuJiing from the righteous zeal of
id devotion to the church. But ihis ia aliened, accord-
to Dr. Lcland, with a total difiegaitt 10 the heft aviih
cated factj. lit Mknuwlcdr.es! however, that the incclunt di-
Ugxif* of the c miliar in of Komc, infuicd the poilbn of rtJijjious
raacour wkh too great fjcccU, and propagated firch d^iirc* in
Krwi; janaes's se vpr te abtiorretl ai:J execi
A vwu!cnt oop'ii in Ira land, which, in the
e-nd, became the fiurcc of numttcilcf* c it ki'ng-
«!<»m In the mt n while, James, building u?o 1 cida-
. earned anJ improie-
f tin country. A rill [ucl^f land naving efcheate
the crown, i ;hcrn counties, by she confpiraj
aihj re bellfoeiv 0/ the I Kin^TrKiivct tait
Ian manner, at roi[»l« introduce *a i v eonie-
quenccY of peace jtiuii. Thcexpci ^rj
the twoft honours ale tr!lirno#jy tothedefgn : and Ireland it
gratefully acknowledge that here wc;< IM
or* ft.1 afflurm uriry. Jamci explained, at
^, by 001 t>y ciiUU were imrruJu
thouj?i the execution by no meant eori^poodcd
the original idea,
in the pt»>gr*fi of this rci»n, wc find the Rccuunt party
Sowing eievatei an nu and their u hulencc was not
ruindhed, but eocrcafed, at the v of Charles the Firit.
y arTc&eJ, indeed, an appearance of peculiar loyalty ;
tttti offered a free gift to the Kin?, on conav\\Q*\ sX uAu^^*
Hh j
Aikiu'l ATifcellane$us Pieces.
to the Romifli worihip. This alarmed the Proteftant clergy,
and was followed by remonftrances from the Prelates of Ireland,
and the Engiifh Houfe df Commons. Neverthelefr the free
gift of the hifh was accepted, and the graces they foliched
were granted. The graces were in' fome inftances favourable
to Recufants ; but in general they were fuch as were evidently
reafonable and equitable, calculated for the redrefs of fhofc
'grievances which perfons of all denominations had experienced,
and tending to the peace and profperity of the whole nation'.' '/
With a fummary of thefe graces, the Author hath finished
his fecond volume, ' r '"
[To be anctuded in our next.']
- ■ . — : — ■- ' - m ■;.-
Art. X. MijallawQus Pittas, in prcfe. By J. and A. ,L. Aikuk.
kvo. 3s. bound. Jouafoo. 1773. . ,„- ,
THERE is no part of the bufinefs of a Reviewer m wfrrcfi
it is fo difficult to give fatisfadiion, as the diftributi&i of
praife. The Author is never fatisfied ; and the j»v-w irrildbtte
are ever envious of a brother or filler who hath met" with a'
little more fuccefs than themfclves. We haVe had fomt expe-
rience of this truth, in the very different opinions which nave
been given of our remarks on Mifs Aikin's Poems. H is bat
felJom wc have a fair occafion for praife, and we may therefore
'Icmctimcs feize it with too much avidity. If wc fliould-be*-
ftow on the pieces now before us the general commendartoir '
they deferve, wc fhould only echo the mdrftincl voice bF'thV
Publick ; but wc mean to pay them a little more attention, 4h3r '
to confider their merits and defects as objcc*b of impoTtaji'c%*tb,:
the intcrcft of learning. • ■;|,; •* ;LCt*
Mifs Aikin has an uidifputable claim to originality, •^m! trhjf'*
be claflTed as a genius of the higher order. But if ftic'at «1
contributes to the growth of that point and prttiinefs which ;nf
now cramping and deftroying our language, fhe muft have pa'-
tiencc, and hear the admonitions as well as the praifes of her
friends. It is nothing to fay (he is a woman. It is generally*
thought that minds are 0/ no fcx ; but if they were diltiguinVd
as bedics arc, it would not avail here, as we could never enfeover
in Mifs Aikin's compositions any peculiar touches of a feminine
hand.
Wc fhall fpeak of thefe Eflays according to the order lit
which they ftand in the volume.
'J 'he futt Eflay is not written by this lady, but by Mr. Aikin,
her brother. The Lion knows tin true Prince ky injlintL It coo*
t-ins feveral very fcnfible obfervations on the province of Comedy,
which may be of ufe to fome writers, as well as to fome players*
§pmc of ouj modern geniufetf however, will not allow or the
% jitfiyincb
Akm:
„•
» the C1inde^> ro-
tifikty i'A hu Uiih. V« i-it l»r f*\
I- 1 r Tonal lat.rc, it rather common and
pi--.. n 10 ilir manner ol I i a< rltaC and philofL'jjrrr.
now to if i '>• different ground. The I
piQurr^vsarw enchanting object, and we lute
vn bcrn I ::J as in ticwii ■■.. T? c
allegorical perfbnagut, A* woodl atid'fietds, wo-lJ hfl
charmingly romantic if thev had hoc been l a/7 terminated wiih
the ftatue of a Grace, a Virtue, or a Mafc.
* After I had obferved thefe thine;*/ f»yj tVe fair Vifianary,
* 1 turned my eye towardi the mtsltirude* whn were dimb-
inline lteep JpfcettfTand obferved amnn<,ft them a youtli of a
li¥c(y Irxik. a pwrciny eye and !« r regular
in ail bll notions. Hn nimc wm GttflUSa He darted like
an cj^Ic up ibe nwcMiin, and left his companions gixing a
htm with envy and admiration; hot nil nrourcif was uneqi !.
aoc ::dbya thouftnd caprices. When Pfcafare waf-
/alley, he mingled In hei train. When Pi idc |m
oncd toward* the precipice, he vetitured to |h« tottering edj»c.
He dctigbtrd in de/iuu* and untried pMJH ; and made fo man/
excurfcooa fiom the road, that hi* feebler eooipai
flipped him, I obferred that the Mufrs beheld him w
par: • Truth often frowned and turned her face. \V!
CJcniu* w:.» thu* waft ng his ilrcngth in eccentric flights, I raw
a psrfon of a \ery different ce named Ai'it jcatios*.
He exep: Ha flow and vnicmittLng pace, his eye* f xtA
oo the top of The mountain, patiently rrrnoring every !•
that obftruited his way, t:ll he law moft of thofe below hi
mho haJ at l-.itt eti -1>>vr aid toil funic prngrrf*,*
can be better imagined than thefe two
Genius . Mitt Ailtin, however, mi^ht hare
exhibited ion* an in"ennei H ■"•£*. participating of (he
fvc and vigor of G cecentr city, an4 i
what iv contemptuous in Application. It would hi • ! •■
vcelally rceogoited, and might nave been ufe.'ui in thu age
ciaJtc caution and corrcclnels.
As wc admire tan vifwn exceedingly, and think that
greater marks of genius than any c.hcr cfiay in the bocuc, i.t is
here wc chooie to temper our praifea with an admonitica w'«
B do not here mc*n to contriver? Mr. A.'i opinion eftfcd
pice- t ol v hi<h, in out c . (*ith fubaiifltou to the
JAW* 1 at) h*j net bren cqoallcd by th*t of jsv comedy
than I its way to public notice; but, to lay niiu oar
Authcr. :^3t ihbiti an example of comic merit ni
a»d j in our boe^n^r, may be firal"
tiic complin* at rather too h-ri,
424- Aik£rt Mfalkiims Pfaw.' ■
we would wi(h to be generally tttroded to by tbe-wmen of the
prefent times ; we mean all thole who are worth en admon i tioni
- We are come into the world Tather fete in che day j aind
thov&h our prcdecefibrs have not greatly advanced before « in
apy branches pt real knowledge, they have yet written -largely on
aJmoft every iubjett, and by t«iat means have fixed the Jtbatac-
ter and appropriated the ph rales and idioms of our language.
We now glean only wrut they have left, and adjuft fiheirtrfe-
Rular i l i c a , inftead of taking up the whole bufinels de mv*3 and
after duly confidcring their miftakes, executing it altogether
in a fuperior manner. Hence it is that a young writer it apt
to fat* into the affeclations and puerilities of the prefent time* ;
where the objeel feems to be nothing more than, to fay a com-
mon thing in an uncommon manner ; — and becaufe our pw~
deccflon have fucccf.fully addrelied the heart, we, that we snay
not appear to imitate them, addrefs ourfelvei to the fancy. •-> -
We would not by any nuans have it under flood that Jtfrfis
Aikin has afforded the occafion for this charge. She is is-- tittle*
guilty as almoft any of our present writers ; but we. 4ft aifc'gr*-'
ing into prints and pretty turnip and. our language, while- frirt-
creafes in its brilliancy and cprrcclnefs, is loiing its pacboa atn
fprce. " ';'
Mod of Mifs Aikin's introduction* are in this snattffej r-
f. where the ruftling of the falling leaves, the dafluns ot-the*
Waters, and the hum of the dtftant city, ore' Theft triads^
when they do not 500 frequently occur, may be fucccisniltyu
introduced \ but they (hould be introduced like the fteps of- a
minuet, which are difficult to diliinguiih from the common,-
walk of a per Ton who moves with natural cafe and grace* 'ilaK
description of the ftream of Inlignificance* is gifcen in hangup
nx>re fuitable to that of a furzy heath, -w-ht-re "Che- Reader- *rij:nx.
very well be embarrauVd by a clutter of words,.. and a difficUta^
of-eouitruAicn. Even one of her.bappieft paftagea wants-Am--
]>ticjty ; * Happy, faid I, are they who are permitted toaieend
the, mountain J— but while 1 was pronouncing this exclamation
with uncuauooa ardor, i fuw ftandiog beiidc me a form of di.
vineC:fcatures and- a more benign cadiancc. Happier, said flic,1
are^hofc whom virtue condutb to the maofioos of content/—
Nothing ciu be more charming than thisosethndof introducing
Virtue,. or more juft than the fentimentt flie utters, but ftw
talks too much, ami too big, about tondufting to memfions. and
iUnmmating tht mountain ; expreffions which rnodeit Virtue hardly
understands, — * I am found, faid (he, in 'the vale, and I illu-
minate the mountain, f cheer the cottager at his toil, and in-
spire the face at his meditation. 1 mingle in the croud of ci-
ties, and blefs the hermit in his cell. I have a temple in
every heart, that owns my influence, and to him that wjfec*/or
„•..■' * IM
i tibilmWH fxau
4W
w iturunou o' Ufaari. Wc *now not why they art
bcj uffofii rery tittle cotcjtainrnetit or iniruc*
i4c I am a!i cad j prefect. Science may nit* yoa to earnnence,
but 1 alone can uuiee jou to felicity ''
iccc? are oagAidica; one oa Romance*, la
imitation, wk luppole, ot the rryle of I).-. Johnson ; tht other
■
1 he cfiay entitled, ' Ay.aiufl irjcunuucncy in our nrptq*
u'uuki, it one ot' the bc& sad moil ufetuj piece* of moral cotn~
Uc bivc Uic)/ fecra. Our charming nwnitiefc
ot» o* Iicr wii-k intcntl ia following admirable manners
4 At ro- ur.happincu in the world arifca rather from
difappain{«4 -.. oa from pouttvr evil, it is of the utroolfc
conko.ucr.ee to attain jut: notions of the laws and order of (bo
UMKi(c« tot*, vc vex ourfclvcs with a-imca,
or give way it> jrrouudiet* ai<d unieaJonabtc difcontcnt. The
Ji»s tl imCuiii [> I'lufypJiy, indcoJ, uc tolerably uuckrl'towi and
attended to ; ape though we may faffer inconveniences, wc are
fcldorn c.tif rs*«nuo Ln contcrjuencc of them. No maa ex peels
to preCtrie orange* through an Kngl (h winter i or, when tie
h. » planted an acorn, Co fee it become a large cuic in a few
months. The mnJ of man naturally yields to necefficy ; and
ouc wdtm foon iubfiic. wqcn wc ice the tmpofnbiirty of tbeir
bcinc ^raitoed. No.v, upon an accurate mfpection, we {ball
&i<4 m the rr.onl government of itv wor.d, ana the order el
rucUccluj) fyucm, Lwa is dsicioiiiutc, fixed, and inrari-
a&le, a» ivy in Newton's Vrirxripia. Tbe progrefs or' vegeta-
tion m not roc-rc certain than the growth of habit ) nor i» the
power of atiriiticji n.orr rtrarty proved, than tbe force of af-
fection or lac influence ot cat ample, i'hc man therefore, who
haft wrll Audicd rhc oraeraiiont of nature in mind as well as
mattei, will acquire a certain moderation and equity in bis
I is upon provjdetxe. Ik never will be disappointed either
it himtelf or others. He will ac"c with precision, and expect
trut crkci., and that alone, irocD hit efforts which they are na-
turally adapted to produce F'<r wane ot inn, men of merit
a/id integrity often eenfurc the eifpoJit*n» of providence
for furte/iugcluracaera thry defpife to run away with Ld/itixisfi
whi. ct kaaw, aic p.irchafcd by fuch mean* as a hic^
and nub 1 i ; [y. If >ou lefufc to pay the
prkc, why expedt the purckale / Wc ihould conndcr thrt world
ai a great mart ol commerce, where tor tunc exposes to our view
EMi« comrooAitLee, ;»chti, exiey ttanci*:iliUy, fame, Integrity,
knowledge. Keeny touigu niarlec ; ded pr.ee. Our
tiroc» our labour, <>ur itigenuity, *\ fo «*ucU teady wwoey, A>hicb
wc are to lay o^t to' the beti advantage; Exatrwne, compare,
chufo, icjfxt ; but :luid to yi>ui own jui^ul i iwi-iouw,
\jfiua
47* tm>s*M0iB&gk Pffli:
ffite children, when you have purchated one* thing;' fejfoc/iiiaf,
you do not poffefs another which yon did not puix-hafe/ * l *.*
Thefe generaf obfervations arc, with' great eloquence
pofe, by Mr. Aikin ; who is not To lively and bold iriVts JjioVc-'
ttents as his filter. This little piece, however, is executed with
tafte, and will give pleafure to thofe who have feen the t«^
provements made in the Northern and other parts of the' king-
dom, by navigable canals.
The next piece, on Monaftic Institutions, is written fn ifce
true fpirit of philofophtc benevolence.—* Ye are fallen, bid L
ye dark and gloomy manfions of miftaken zeal, where the proud
prieft and lazy monk, fattened upon the riches of the fa'ni^'inj
crept like vermin from their cells, to fpread their poisonous",
doctrines through the nation, and difturb the peace of'kmgv—
Soeh were, for a while, my meditations ; but it is cruel, to in-
felt 'a fallen enemy; and J gradually fell into a different train
of thought. I began to confide r whether fomething mi£hfnot
be offered in favour of thefe institutions during the barbarous
ages in which they flouriflied; and though they' have been pro-
ductive of much mifchief and fuperftition, whether they mignc
not have fpread the glimmering of a feeble ray of knowledge \
through that thick night which once involved the weiYcrn tic-
mifpherc.*
This, thought does great honour to the mind of the fatr Wri-
ter, and (he purfues it as far as it will very well go. She pomta'
Out the advantages flowing from thefe institutions ; their having
preferved the remains of ancient learning j given education ,
(fuch as it was) to youth ; cultivated the arts, in fome de-
gree; and furnifhed an afylum for the peaceable and urtfwtu-
nitrate. The whole of this piece will give pteafure to thofe of
our'Rcadcrs who are not too much affrighted at the word 'ptpijk
: We come next to * the pleafure derived from the objeAs of
Terror; with Sir Bertrand, a fragment** The difquiution is
fenfible, but is not a mafter-piece of writing ; and the frag*
ment, though a wonderful tale, lofes its effed; becaufe the*
Author, like fome injudicious (lory- tellers, informs us, before-
hand, of the good things we are to hear.
Mr. A.*s eflay to revive a regard to the heroic poem of Gbh-
dibert, is very commendable ; but we fear ht will not be fte-
cefsful, for the very reafons which he affigns, himfelf, via;. • Sit
XV. D*Avenant's tentiments are frequently far-fetched and af-
fected, and his expreflions quaint and obfeure ; and thefe faults,,
together with $c want of harmony in verification, will fufi-
cveatl^
Aikin'j MiJ«Uanu*t Plata 477
the ne^iec* into which the work u fatlco*
in i:i Aorj, artd >wn with beiutie*.'
c 15 an enquiry into thofc kinds of diilrcfa
:eeab1c i^ufaijons. It contain
i if noe wholly new, arc yet placed by the
1 fluking ll^ht. We <fo not, however, fo much aJ-
in a difqui/ition of ihis kind, 35 in a poetic rale or
Indeed %wc muft admit her general principle, and v*c
t 1" i the advantage of Lord Kaims and oiher» ;
■
reader; who, perhaps may dilputc fevcral of lice
I n-.s. She fay j, that ' povejty, if truly re pre -
!■«..! ; , ; 1 t Feelings/ yet it may be contended,
that 1 in, and a fqualtd appearance, never offend the
a
■
Se
the
ren
he
; and ihey heighten owf companion,
cd a* the effett* of vice. Wim flJC
! romance
\ nature
confide red
ai
1 — « «?*»'•
ike all o:ha a »*, feem*. t« u*. t 1 inereafc
cxcicife; but wc believe It is walled and lotlj 1 1
method of reading novcla. Pctlupj this gsoir^
to be abutted ■ pexfon who look* fun 1
ii than even Mi.'j Aikin ; but wed
1 filch a Tate as the following : wbjcl
y tike a> &n epitome of Ih
H T'AU
y period cf tho golden age, when all the celcltial
i n habit 411 1 j deluded on trie cajth, aud iou»c*fcd f4uiiliaiiy
c mo ft chcrilheJ of the heavenly power*
wcr< 11ft uf Jupiter, Love and Joy. Ivbcrc-
.-, the- flowers iprting up beneath their t
-adiancc, and -J\ nature fecaice
They were infeparable conriin;
-::;ehrnent was favoured by Jupiter, who
that a Id > 1 ftivuld L»c fulemi . 1
. . .vcrc arrived at maturcr yeais. II.
Ji Mted from their native i.
over-ran the earth with giant tlri.les ; 2 11 J
1 train of ccJcltial vifstants, foifook then
Love alone remained, having been ftolen aivar
then
nic*n
luted
* Sec this point phyficaily ccaCdeicii, in to* Jftt/U** to our lad
ve*!»»c p. U7.
fr Thu^o^o we apprederid to be a Sauittfm; ajxJ we are ai a
i t <-rae to be rrantplanted in» the foil of Lanea*
47$ Aifcin'j MifeeUaneim Pitas.
by Hope, who was his nurfe, and conveyed by her to the forcfts
of Arcadia, where he was brought up amorfg the Ihephe/ttf.
But Jupiter affigned him a different partner, and commanded
Jiim to efpoufe Sorrow* the daughter of Ate. He complied
with reluctance j'for her features were harth and difagrejbJb,
Jier eyes funk, her forehead contracted into perpetual wrffllfc,
and her temples were covered with a wreath of cypreTs diUt wc*tr^
wood. From this union fprung a virgin, in whbai rxjlgtafc he
traced a ftrong refemblance to both her parents ; jHit fht M-
len and unamiable features of her mother were fo inltfed atfffl
Wended with the fwcetneis of her father, that her counffcnante,
though mournful, was highly pleaQhg. The maids anJMhep-
herds of the neighbouring plains gathered round, and called her
l^rry. A redbreaft was obierved to build in the' cabin where
£bc was born ; and while fhc was y-zt an infant, a fc**V" p*tf-
fued by a hawk, fiew into her bofom. This nyrttplf>-l)Btf'a> Re-
jected appearance, but U> loft and gentle a mien, tbftt'fte was
beloved to a degree of enthufiafm. Her voice was low and
plaintive, but inexprcffibly fwect ; and (he loved to lie (of hoars
together on the bunks of fome wild and melancholy ftream,
singing to- her lute. She taught men to weep \ for fbe footf a
strange delight in tears ■, and often when the virgin* of the
-hamlet were afTcmbled at their evening fports, (he wTMiU>-Atal
in among them, and captivate their hearts by h*er aids fall of
* charming fadnefs. She wore on her head a gari arid coropofed
«£ her father's myrtles twilled with her mother's eypwfc,~
Onc day, as.fhe fat muling by the waters of Helicon, nee tcift
by chance fell into the fountain ; and ever fince, the Mules'
Spring has retained a flrong tafte of the infuflon. Ptsy was
commanded by Jupiter to follow the fteps of ber motnerrhroagh
jbc world, dropping balm into the wounds fhe made, ab^biai-
jng up the hearts the had broken. She follows, with b» bait
loufe, her bofom bare and throbbing, her garment* torn -by the
briars, and her feet bleeding with the roughnefc of the path.
■•The nymph is mortal, for her mother is fo ; and when Sac has
fulfilled her deftincd courfe upon the enrth, ihcy (hall both ex-
pire together, and Ls-ji be again united to jay, rus immortal
and Jong-betrothed bride.' -. ')
On the whole, wc have read the.c mifcellaneous pieces with
great plcafurc. They bear the marks of confiderable talent;,
■and even of learning s anfl they are written for the mofl part
with uncommon tafte and elegance.
Tbcy haredrawn from us- a few animadversions, becataft we
•thought it our duty to note what we apprehended to bc-drftft
as well as beauties in this publication ; and becaufe the rep aU-
tion of the writers may admit of fuch. final 1 deductions) without
zbj material injur;.
Art.
)
1.
[/ rw
0.
....
fcT.. [Prom o*r :*i[ Revie*.
Won (be 1:,Itoi>- of the lift *r.d aioft co.*»-
voyage? in the lout hem htrnifn
and wbttli w-Uoll} occupies the arf and jd voUiipct of tlit* com-
£U(Hj*. il ihcrc tfvca of this nauiual and plulo-
n il Jilhn^uiQictl Uom ibufc r!»t preceded irv
by. (pjuemI parucuUmici (h*t eoacar to reader ihc relation liiH
Btixc ii.icscfli.ig *nj imports: c.
'^hc globe b)<J ceiUinly ncr*r before been circumnavigated
bf fo f«ie& • p :'V. which ciafe-ukcd en board uie £■*
*VW'» oo tfiH cspedjuon ; ( r ( pofo io isvourabic |p the
p^oenoiioo oi fcieocc jr.J oJ ihc am. That vcJlei w,u cow*
.HRccf * of norioub:co abiliae* in tiir* tiomy and
•mo#V wfcole pr unary oVjcct, at Icatt in Cite order of 'urnc,
hfl obTervfttkui of tkr ilcu approaching trtrjk c4 Vcairt,
ialoaat coarcoiem feuatun in the Sootb tea. To this loft
uiauitiind fciviro he u.ji anointed b) bit Mj <fty, on tf»e re-
coxnaKadauon, or with t.'ie concurrence, of the Royal So-
coajunclioa with Mr. Clrccn ; who b*J lo;ip bcea
an aibdjnt to Dr. Brivley, -t the Royal QbfrgntOTf at Greer-
On board ibn vsifci Muwifc eo>tur<cd Air. !;.
: tlerrun portefle»J of s fortune, and of m
ardcat and coairr*irt*l>lc deJirc to rmpioy ;t in the ttquifa-
%\oo and pniriMUun ol natural knowledge ; to whom th
ittdchted for a lar^c paic oi th* information ana* cntor-
t>iiiincni they will th in the iccout* of tiki*, voyage
He was accompanied by Dr. SoUnJcr, a dtfciFleof tbc trie-
iiasua* and wiaofc merits paiCrtuurly aa>4 na.tMr.iliA,
arc -.veil known. They wcra attended by two draoghtfeie* v
iVi*. lJucb>:i, a paitMCC of Uadfcapr* and h<urc» | and Mr. P*r-
. ., a vming man we':Li(uaJinr<l io dr' -i nrw and
jf object i ttcluiily lall uodtr
noilw in the « i jch an cx(>coit:i>ii. A tier making
tht particular aibi.nomicaioMervitloa above -ir*cnuon*d. Can-
ted to proceed oJeoutoa of geugna-
phcral a\j(covcrtei In iha i^iathcrn Wo upi:re.
ie abAneci which wc tfurfl arerer
copioim, mall, on account of tnc ajbonjance aad vane:)' of the
i , be ncccSaiil v rclprcla. and i»oor«piere-
rkdr, rv , cJefcnbe t!>e yir m c« -cncml o--
oi.the cj.urfc pi jihilofophical aJ*e:*iurerit an* re-
•neir princi|iil ^co^ra»liiwal diTcuvcrie* ; (x,caarioraaUy iiycr-
•i9G? iuic lueb tnrnomft, (rbtentioOi on rucural hUlo-r, aai on
±to Hawkefworth s Acctunt if tit Ftjagtt
. ' 1 •'"'*
men and manners, as have molt attra&ed our attention, ia -tig
perufal of thcfc two volumes.
On the 26th of Auguft 1 768, about three months after Captais)
Wallis's return from his circumnavigation of the globe, in the
Dolphin, our voyagers fet fail from Plymouth Souud, io^tfci
Endtavcw. . . . ,
Not 20 leagues from the coaft of Spain, our inquifitive.
philofophers difcovered fome very lingular marine animate,.'
which, though the Tea abounds with them in thcieparts, 0$ •
natui alift had yet defcribed, or perhaps obferved. The Qbfcr-
vation was made in the firft week of their voyage, and furm'ffrej:
us with a juft fufpicion, if not a proof, that numerous Aai+ua^
curiofities may, even near home, lie hid on the vtiy fu/fac*.of
the great deep, and may there remain perfectly unnoticed,.
through the want of perfons willing, and qualified, b*rcljMo0
open their eyes, and obferve them. Perfons thus qualified,. it
Ihould feem, have not yet made their appearance on the coats
of Galitia *• '•
On the iath of September they arrived at Madtlra^ the
whole of which ifland, our natural i (is think there is great reaibo-
to fuppofe, has been, at fome remote period, thrown up out of
the fca, by the explofion of fubterrancous fire : as every ices*
they faw upon it, * whether whole, or in fragments, appeared
to have been burnt, and even the fand itfelf to be nothing mofc
than afties.* - ,- ?.
On November 13 they anchored in the harbour of $J*Jt
Janeiro^ where they were permitted to procure refreshment*,
and uke in Water for the (hip, which was however conftamry
watched by a guard-boat, during the three weeks tbejr ibid
here. Through the rigour of a jealous and ignorant Viceroy,
neither Mr. Banks nor Dr. Solander were fuffered once to lease
the (hip; though the jnoffenfive nature of their purfuits wt%
repeatedly explained and urged to him. And although Captain
Cook endeavoured to obviate every caufe of dtftruft, which he
might entertain concerning this equipment, by informing bin
that its principal object was the obfervaiion of the Tranut of
Venus, he was not believed, or rather not underftood % for of
the Tranfit of Venus our enlightened Viceroy could form no
other conception, than that, to ufe his own words, aa they,
* We (hall here take occafion, once for all, to remark that of the
various new objects of natural hiftory obferved by Mr. Banks sad
Dr. Solander in the courfe of this voyage, a few only are particu-
larly defcribed in this journal ; and of thefe a brief and popular ac-
count only is in general here given. A fcientific and complete
defcription of their numerous and interesting obfervattons in this
branch 0! fcience will, dcubtlefs. form the fubject of a future aad
fcparate publication.
were
ftr maii*z Dtfiovcrtts \n d* Stutkir* J/tmiffi*rtt c/r. 4I1
rally explained by in ir.tcrprctcr, • it w« the pafiraj
the Notth S«f through the South Pok.'
The deSavi which his prcdccctlbrs had met with in the
eight of Magellan, iced Cipttfa Cook to ac~
npt bt» paiiage Into the Sauth Sea by the Strci^ht of L*
nm was he uifaupuinted in the preference which he gave
this route. He entered the Sueight on the 14th of January
ibq) 1 anchored (here the next day in the An/ of GmJ 6W</'»
•etc he fprnt a week In procuring wood and water; failed
>cc on the 22<i, and on the a6tb took hit departure
:;n. In tl e (pace of rmlv 3; *!i)» lie liad pailed
■he land c4 7<rra <& / r. - ifl ; ' . got 12 decrees to
rwtflorard, and three degrees and a halt* to the northward
^c of Magellan \ in the rnila-ge through which*
in her laft vora»e, performed a the fame fcifou
^iad fpent three months ; nor r:
I topfaiL* during the whole time.
I Hay of their entnnrr into the Screight, our na«
ralitt* cbfeiyed force Lea-weeds of a moft cou-rmous hci>ht or
'H fcci',% to ketv la countenance the lupetlative di«
erntohfatevibcd to their Pate'tfus* «of£tarj on tlie ooafl
e oppotte Strcighr. Th -rfnc vegetables reared
etr neathrabove their flc/i from the bot-
rn of the lea at the dcp<B of 14 fatSorn, or S* feet- As thelc
rm, t^T?? of which were not trrickcr than a nun's thumb,
1 w'lJcraol*/ inclined to the horizon, (probably by the c«i-
nt) Mi Dr. Solander rfhrrtared rKcir lena^h to be
*t. Their leaves were tour tcet long, and the (oat
iwellcO into an -it *clTcl. They fary properly
■
ir nsturilifli was abundantly gratified the
me day, oft their going afhorc 00 ' ^"Vi where they
et w^ : new fubjedti of the vegetable k 1
km; Aim (pending onry four hours in the feareh, they
oe[*btoiT with them above ico different fpecimens of p!
U fluwera, * all of them wholly unknown tu the boranifl* of
ntope.* In a itmNar expedition, however, undertaken two
it^ afterward*, an end had neatly been put tj all ihcw future
Karen**, We (hall relate a part of the adventure, on account
bet of extreme cold on the huaun co
On their return it >i» this cxcur&on, the cold fuddenly be-
1- uc inictifc. Of. SoUnder, in eonfequenec of the experience
ut he had acquired, in hiving more than once c rolled the
louiuatru which divide Swrdrn from Norway, cornered
iorw to keep themfeiv.-s coti'lar.dy :n mo:ion, and nut
> yield, whatever pain she cfFort might coll '.I cm, to the (Lvw\^
*St IbmWmDim'rJtau* s/asV gpjfff^MB !\
inclination tt> fleep which, he informed them, wsjsMJibwsfrdoiM
on by extreme cold ; efpccially vrh on. joined, as tri rtw prnlm
inftante, with great fatigue. * Whoever fits down,* fvitLTw*
•will deep » and whoever flecps will -wake no nHore/1 Ml
many other teachers, the Doctor railed in the enforcing 'fefc
dodrinb by his own practice. He was even the firtVof tii
party who found the temptation to Sleep become Jrocfcfciok^
and at length yielded to it, in fpite of the imrenties, rrm^m-
francca, and even force, employed by Mr. Bants on theoecst
flan. Happily afire had, with fome difficulty, been kassttsl
by Mr. Banks's directions $ and he at length faececdoiai
■wakening the Doctor, who bad been in a profound flecp'abeat
five minutes. In this fhort fpsce of time he had almofr JosYiof
life of his limbs ; and the mufcles of his feet were io ihrtnfcj
that his (hoes fell off. One of the feamen, and a ^lscJ$4»t*i
fell victims to the feverityof the climate, in the btfrade^if
{carte 55° South; where a degree of cold wis feniadto fubfcr,
in the very height of fummer, [January 16] which ' n • *n~
known, in the correfponding feafon, even in Norway and Up>
Land.
After a courfe of 660 leagues to the we ft ward and navtfv
ward, our navigators found a perfect agreement between tat
log and aftronomkal obfervstiom From this extraordinary
coincidence in fb long a run, Captain Cook conclude* thst
there could not have been' any current that affected tho &*>
from the time that they had left Cspe Horn ; asst from sheaa
further infers the great probability that they had not bona neat
any continent, or land of confiderable extent : as current* tit
always found when land is not remote. On the 14th of 'Match)
however, in the night, in the latitude of shout 110 S. ainJIoai
gitude 128 W". a log of wood was teen to pafs by the Qup't and
the fea, which was rather rough, became fuddenlyaa fmoora si
a mill-pond. Other fuppofed indications of land had likewtfe
occafionally been obferved during this coorfe. ■ It was a ge-
neral opinion,' fays our journalilr, * thst there war land to
windward; but I did nut think mjfeif at liberty^ he adds, •»
fearebfir what I xoas ntt/ure to find'
For this laft declaration, and tor his conduct upon this otcv
fion, Captain Cook has, by implication at leaft, been angrily, ana
fomewh at indecently, reprehended by Mr. Dalrymp1e*iwea
through his extreme folicit.ide and eaeernefs for the discovery
of a foutbera continent, has overlooked a pretty obvions ooafi-
deration* The editor, in defence of that officer, now abfentj
has very properly reminded Mr. Dairy mple f, that * Capons
• In his pamphlet, noticed io laft tnoatVi Review, p. 369.
f In the additional preface, to the ad edition of this work. ■
Cook's
Cock's Srfl *udp;inc»t»l object fcetBg to cb terra the Trtuflt 0/
Vcnw at-Orahcitc/ [wh ch wis to happri on the 6<b of JiaM
hi idiog tunc upon ana*
Ibrr otijrri before be ?o: thither.*
On ;1it taxh of April our tfovogera arrived at the iUmd of
: ic way had IxFoxc been par< ii peace*
•lie, or tatthtr friendly reccp:k>n, ly Capttra WaJJjs,
Iki*cyci, excited doubtlcfe by chc iHonilhii^' cil©£b of our
fue-annft, foemi Co have been the predominant piiEcn in thtf
brcafU of cfccfe iflwulcrs on lilc arrival of our idyx.itarcii
among them. On the firft appearance 0/ the idk>, many can
nocj t'roni the &o:c came orT to them, each I:;, ;cn
branebr* of * tri:: ■ ■ nded up
to theJhip't nde; expreaTuig at (he fame time, with the i^rcateit
earocftttxtit by fi.-iu, ibeif dcfiic that they Jhould be pi* J
among ibe rifling, and in the raoft cooIpicUOM pwt or the
vtfUL Ana when * u: voyagers fcrft wcrt on Ihojc, they wcio
received from tlte- boat by fotne hui biia^i^,
who \relcojntd them wun their look*, bat were at live (We
rime ftruec with fucb awe, that the fuft win; :d iheoi
crouch^ 10 low, that he aimoft crept upori bii hands and
ktar^v. , uaj
it ttuphe be exposed that after a rcliJence of three n:
in tits tll^il, car vc» . "c;j i . i i _, ; • t Ic qualitlod to gitc a litif*
factory areount o> k tat, gotx 1 .. ■,
and or ibe mannerj an£ oufloma oi J-
iatjllf ajtocuiiofity nf iSr Readei t> pttxty ..:.-; el) gi itified t UH
rc^'pccx.toail tbcfe paitkuUra j lot' : courfc
btj JourniJ cl c;x:h day* uaofacHoni ; and aftcrwarc*; mora
•J.r<ctiy an-l profeffediy, in federal chapter* app:op ri
it a flas ■ *r*> U»0
tbcit* acquaintance with the brȣL. ; r.:;ed, to eaaWe
tbcoa Co aoilMc ait iiuuna;c ku-jwled^e of tbc moral, rcJigfu
and poti: * ' ■*•• oi tfceft MM -,'" VdOT/, fa wi ii
. the rcr; ct t^: wor.U, i
«vHu*e knnv>'rdg;e
appear to have been, .U, c#r-
cumkrilred wiibm i>ic nairovr b^uods of tat fen
lurTii;o*i !bnce« which render cbe optBtio*ai
and poHoc oi tbcfc people inccrcitipg of cooatify*
to ihoi*e*(i»SiJof'.[hpf> ivio take plcifute in j
c oi man, as a . I facia] an-mal, ami iQitr«u-
laliiig on the origin and rxugrefs of civ tl £m' ;;ovcic-
rocct.
To ibe caufes abovc^inentiooed the Urilcr wi.'l
aitt ; is jOiU-
nal,
liv^ Dec. 177J- I I
484 Hawkefworth'i Account of the (VW,. ^ ....
rationale of the many lingular cuftoms of thefe iflanders, and wjtk
refpecl to their conduit to our adventurers, which appeals' h*
many inftances truly paradoxical. Some readers will perhaps,"
on the other hand, wonder how, under the a! ove mentioned
difadvantages our journa'ilts have been enabled to give fo full
an account of thclc people. They will recoiled however ifu$'
they were not voyagers of the common clafs, intent only on pi-'
jecls of commerce or war ; that knowledge was their prime;
object ; and that befide the information which they obtainoT
on (he fpot, they had the advantage, during the fpace of feve-
ral months after they left the ifland, of a conliant communica-
tion with two of the natives who accompanied them on their
return homewards ; of whom one was a priefl% and had been 4'
prime mimjler.
Out of the abundance and variety of curious matter that wc-
are prefented with in this part of the work, we find uurTdvrs
fomewhat perplexed to make a proper fclc&ion. We thintTouK
felves obliged hoxvever, in the firft place, to pay our compli-
ments to <$ueen Oberea ; a perfonagc whofc coriduu and im-
portance formerly intcrcfted us (o much, as almoft wholly ,tq
engrofs our attention in the account we gave of Captain Wtjr.
Jis's firft vifit to this ifland. By returning her hiftorjr like wit,
the Reader will incidentally acquire iome infight into the gsveri*
mental concerns, or the politics of Ouheite; which had under-
gone a considerable revolution, in the fhort interval betveea
the departure of the Dolphin and the arrival of the Endeavour,
On Captain Cook's firft going on fliorc, accompanied by Wr«.
Banks, Dr. Sotander, and others, fome cf their Company, w^d
had been here in the Dolphin, were their guides in a fhort «-
curfion into the country ; where the romantic fecne, fays «
Journalift, * realized the poetical fables of Arcadia.* T&f,
conducted them to the fcattcred habitations of thefe rieop)e,(
each erected under the grateful (hade of little groves of cocoa-
nut and bread fruit trees ; and failed not to lead them to the
place where Queen Oberea's fpacious palace formerly itood; of
which however they wire aftonithed to find no traces remain*
ing. Some time afterwards our quondam Princefs was difiin-
guilhed from the reft of the crowd, who were attending Mr.
Banks's levee in his tent, by Mr. Molincux, the Matter; who
■was likewife recognized by her as an old acquaintance. Oo
this difcovcry fhe was invited, and, on her ready compliance^
conducted on board the (hip, whc;c fhe was treated with the
molt flattering marks of dtftinctk<n ; and on her forming parti-
cularly delighted with a child's doll, it was accordingly pre-,
fentcd to her. On Mr. Banks's conducting her on (bore, fhe
made, as was ufual wiih her, a handfcmc return for this com-.
pliment. In their way to the fort, they were met by a Chief,
namrf
s
fir making Difcmrles h ths Stt/dtrn Ihm'fpfjtrti Ift, tfg
jf who had before rifitcd them, and who now #j>-
with il.c . it-mk!
" well p!cifefJ 1 that UkI been lhcwr*
r«)cd fuch (ym jciloufy, when flie
ucr.: ,: to prrfiitiate him, it w« thought pron-
to cocnplimvnt hiai with another. oWe farther Jigltta were
to ilic cexrt i&iixixr of" thefe
no appear to M much oar AnfpU/% with
. at they *«c in ihcjt fitua*
i p-rtt of tlui
/rjovc foaM fa&a litiaK iba Reader mto the
kabelce, Of-ac Icni c of regal fuccc^un in
at ifla
e confifls cf two fxniufutaa. named
-ronrveotfJ by a iiasjow iitt>mu»»
owned by iwu difi i it & . . or Kin
;n, like mort of the , equal)/
cco.incablc, the Kmj i -.u.tfc fun, a> foou as
to the h\ :y. Oa
»»t, a Recent is immediately cle&eda. tod the cS
neraily falN on ihe father. The picicut Saverci^n ftf tbe
ft na.x<J anJ larf.eft of the two pen o fulas »
I
emfe'ves, wr. a minor, naoied OjiJm. 14^
' 1 : howctcj ^tej ii> tb< on the
been conferred upon 3 -ve»
. !':: . " . tw roilicrv, in coi
... ... r" in j ivj: olid
., who had for a Jong
Ij fcpjmcd ilicmfclTca I mutual
nfent, arw who^c fon, Trrrultri , a .:^,
1 :n A7o/, .• .;»-
• 1 :
I
fite on i; by
. who wa:
till he Ih
r.
;n j \ ;tiofi rouni the whole i let-
en b cCook and took u»
n on tlic evening of the fourth 3(iyt at inch
rt ^boJr, which
1 d CUav now
.
rc-
2 hcasty vtkomc by ':
d at the view of ^n en
li 1
.A
486 Hawfcefwonh'r Acmnt of the Fycgtr
exhibited a firiking memorial of the former rank and power
or Obcrea ; of wiiicb we fliall give a (hort account below \
They here I ike wife learnt that this part of the island had lately
been the theatre of war ; that in the December ( 1 768) pre-
ceding, about four months before their arrival, (his diftrid h^d
been invaded by the inhabitants of the fouthcrn penlnfula; thai
the conquerors bad burnt all the houfes* which were very brer,
and carried away all the hogs and other animals that they
found ; and that upon this occafion, Oberta and Oarna, who
then adminiftcrcd the government for Tcrridiri their fon, bad
fled to the mountains.
This relation confirms the account given by Capt. Waffis
the high authority with which Obcrea appeared to be in
at the time that the Dolphin was at this ifland ; but it
not explain whether in confequencc of this invafton, or on
other grounds, the fovercignty had been transferred to' the {bit
of Wkappai i nor does it throw any light on the canic of ttii
war. To (peculate, as your politicians are wont to do, on very
flight data* wc would attribute this invafton to that mtqnaBh
(to adopt M. Roufieau's word and ideas) which had been prc-
duccd in Otaheite, between the inhabitants of the northern
and fouthcrn peninfulas, in confequence of the vifits made to
the former by our countrymen and M. Bougainville. It is in-
• This extraordinary fpecimen of Otaheitean architecture -wait*
maufpicum of Oamo and Oberta, which we may almoft venture. 11
put in parallel with an Egyptian pyramid, after making due aJJov-
ances for the different magnitude of the two Hates, and other obviou
circum (lances. It was found to be a Jelid pyramidical flrutWc,
railed en a bafe 267 feet lone, S7 feet wide, and 44 feet high, obbh
Sofcd entirely of ttone, or without any vacuity. Some of the coral
ones of which it was confirmed, and which were all, onto* no*
Gde, neatly fquared and polifhed, meafurcd 3 feet i by a fret-} ; -tn4
fonic of the rock Hones in the foundation, which were tikewift
fquared, menfarcd 4 feet 7 inches, by 2 feet four. Such lup
mafTes, and numbers, of rock and coral (tone, the firft procured bom
a confiderable dillancc, and the litter from a great depth antfer wa-
ter, in a country where there is no method of conveyance butty
hand; and fquared, polilhcd, and combined firmly and neatly tar
Sther into a large and regular ftruciure, without iron tools to (nape
cm, or mortar to join them, \try jullly excited the aftonilhine&t
of our travellers. This magnificent pile formed one fide only of
an oblong fquare of about 300 feet by 354, walled in with floner
and paved with Bat lioncs in its whole extent.-— An adze made of
Hone ; a chiiTel or gougo made generally of one of the bones of the
human fore-arm ; a raJ'p of coral; and the (kin of a fting-ray, wits
coral land, as a file or polilher, coniUtutc the intire catalogue of
tools with which thefe ingenious and patient artifts execute ail thro
works in civil and naval architeflure !
b derl
fir mclhg Difiavtrin in /it Savfhtrn Htixifthertt tfe$ 487
.1- 'it prcfurnpiuoui in u*»whn rumor farhom the (>nl -
even at St. Janet's, or tnofe of our next dcor
or P<ccrft>Jigh, to pretend todcvelope the
-vbich lately actuated the two cabinet! of OsateSu Mv,
d Oithiiti L'tat in true Ttm Att/raht Inc^ita, We ftu'l
:i]jly proceed in the aceoant of our island**-*; bw fin II
keep this fubjcil in oar eye as we 50 a!on».
The pcypleof Ouhcltc, in the fate iit which the/ were
by our countrymen, prefent us with a picture of humin
Jet) rcferr.bling, in more refpccls than one, that which rb*
i&ewoue but farciful RnuiTe-ju has delineated, when he <?.<-
,.• of what he terrr:»ibc *' rtal y.tab if thtxtxrM V" —
r* at the be ft for man ; al! the ulterior
jajppofcd improvement? of which M have been fo mane flcpt
Lppearanc*.-, rewards the advantage or" *!*,
res trie deterioration of th: fpeciet." It t
' our phlio/opher afterw , "that
J men, and rLiiti mankind." — The Oiahcirc-ana,
:; obfervc, were, uci our full acquaintance wi'H
-■cJ ftite, accurately «irtin*uifhr4
foranka, Anl ui.de: jl well ordered anJ j'ccrnii re ;
wtre pafle&d of nether of theft- two atagy*
moditict : but she baneful cffc&a arising from xhz intrc-dje-
tiort of fubftancet that fo greatly increased the uieovaliry aire:-
••bailing amor* tnern, be mi^hc fay, were already become I.
apparent-; ami (bat the Dolphin had (own the feeds
Ally .1 the l.*.;e inva&ftn, in the northern ex-
ile iiltnd, hy the introduction of (pike-nail?, Dealt,
.'avtfWtf m*hru*t f-.
.; I)... . -II cirifcientljr appear from the foNowtrtg
aragrap:if that o«r countrymen, together With thc.r o:hrr
aUiib.f or fiicury itovehica, ami particularly with tin
iotroiiuced among the<e hitherto artlcis and booei
one oi the moil dt'.ij.'iguil'run;; eiurait
it of the horn age— the Jmsr tultr&ui A^rWaaV. With
to the Ouheiican war, we lhall oblcrw that in Cap
Mr. Bink**t perr^rjaarion n>uod the ::«y
w, in the poifeilson of Af *;&&*?, one of the liwsm * of the
fo ml 1 era
-4 j*r tht^Mixti dig Hemts*
norj a. Lib. I.
•A ufe chit tcfiW, from henioor, or at randixn.
n is citabliflied in (Mb I Hand, rtrea-.ry rtttm I
'.em > tho four <xdcn of which ar-, the F*r*
-., wroi* I.->rd of a partical.ir i'.t,*n^ ; '
>«.:, Vaflal, or Yeoman ; and Tc*ti, or Villain. It vwuSd be im
II 3 t*yjt*
488 HawkefwoxthV Auounl oftbt Vq*&ts • '* "
fouthern peninfula, one of the two very turkeys and geefe, tfee
prcfenting of which by Commodore Wallis to his PrincrforQk-
rtay we formerly recorded. They were grown enormoufly far,
and fo tame, that they followed the Jndians wherever they went,
* who were fond of them to excefs,' and considered them- all
valuable part of the fpoils of the expedition : — if indeed (hey,
and our princefs's precious treafure of hatchets and beads-were
not the prime inducements to it. Thofe who have made it
their bufmefs to trace '* great events from little caufes," have
{hewn us that fome of our European wars, and treaties of peace,
have originated from lefs fubftantial motives than the acquifi-
tion of a goofe or a hatchet in Otaheite.
The various new and artificial wants introduced, by the in-
portaiion of fo many ufeful and curious European cooiuip4i-
tics, — amenj a people who had hitherto lived fecure, and pft>
ferved their moft precious moveables, in houfes built WJihoct
walls, and furnifhed neither with doors, locks, or ftrpng boxes
— excited in them a fpirit of cupidity and thievery, with whuh
they do not feem before to have been infected ; and which, like
a peftilence, indifcriminately deftroyed the innate feed a -of pro-
bity, both in men and women of a!] raaks and orders among
them. — V.c b'jfh while we relate it— but even our favour**,
the tender, and fmiible, and generous Obirca does not efcape
quite free from r.<- imputation of this kind ; in which however
ilir may be »-»hewhat kept in countenance, by fimilar inftawes
of female f**ij ■ tliat have occurred in Iaviitock fbeer, cr*o
Ludgate-iui!9 among fome of our ladies of quality. Jiere.it
home.
Of all the numerous Indians, of different ranks* who &«-
quented the tcnis, or vifited the (hip, Tootahab, the -fogfrtf,-*»<i
Tubourai Tamaidty a friendly and rcfpeSable Chief, a|ope ap-
peared, for a long time, to have cicaped the general contagion.
.Bur the virtue and fortitude even of lubsurai TamaiJf, wliitfb
hzd hitherto enabled hm to refill repeated allurements- agd
temptation';, during a long and unlimited accefs to all to* «*•«
tuajuTti pf Mr. Banks's tent, at length, we are told,, yielded
in the unequal conflict, to the * fafcinating charms' of>a bafe
of large nails. They were indeed much larger than any dutf
had yet heen brought into trade, and their power was. accord-
ingly irrefiftible. The Chief took five of them, andwasde-
object of roach curious fpeculation, to enquire whence fuch a very
unequal diftribution of power has originated, and how this fyAemof
policy is liill maintained, in a country where the inhabitants appearu
nave no wants but fuch as are gratified, without labour or e fibre, b/
the liberal and fpon taneoua produclions of the earth,
ttv¥
it.
fir methfa/qtmefh ... &t. 4i
(ttAfttfby <S- I i tl ; Ota-
f and his com *•-.
r>n» the <■■■
the frail l) <;l liiC JuJtJtl
. though U
people ilvi ihcy were highly
fcndW. .. .in, yci wrought not to
tcmpu'.iu". 4
fttti
An
.r v, -j
ad'ni to I
^ 2*d r
been coMecVi
net- 'jufly, nor ha!-
■ .i!. ■-.■:.
Aft-:; ;rcatnef« of tht
:; to
ia*i/ he <
»-'tn . d the fame
. - «.cd to bid
tat*- lute*
incidents, tad obfervatiotn, which luic
: »rs rclat-
We ctnn ic fiift
imrymen i of havin
pie with a
•ti ktttfcfn-Yir d*'Vjfr, whiih may nnv bcjuftlff TjiJ m have
ifja.lr
vcty
rnort
within f^c an .-
by r.
tr« elm IE ■
ffrt from the bond ;
mull ncccf-
; g j peujile fo
II our iflln ..lt.. Onr voyagers ac-
thal El had made the
-hem, ami Com, themfclvc$> fuf-
rro.
faji nr^fed it
iied it
■ :;h .',.r.* B c, but ul a
' pathetic
rutli to f*J1 of^ and the flrflt to
i it -wid con-
foraarion tfnnng thrra, fi c ficic were abandoned by
their i calamity (houtd fpcead by ccn-
i- iL.th mifcry j< till then l-*d
Vtl been leraown among ihcrn.' — We arc ?;IjJ to nil!, fr^m
ae circur.i , lhat there is rca*
fofl t.» fcof-r i had happily lotand out * cure tV
; (otae oi the fcwnpli with
*lru medical ol which tioumer our voyager* had nioe
-.- a fnflickfK knowledge of the language, to bcccsnc ac-
490 Hxwkefworth'i Acmat-tfibt.fifaei - *>,
Now it is certain that the Otaherteans mull have received this
horrid peft either from the crew of the Dolphin, or ftora.thoCo
of the Botideufi and UEtoile under the command of M. Bou-
gain ville » the only European vettels that had hitherto vifttcd
this ifland. In the firft volume of this publication, Captain
Wall is proves, on the mod fat is factory evidence, that there
was not an individual on board his fnip, infected with, tha
diftemper, during the fpace x)f fourteen months, the widdli of
which time was fpent at Otaheite; and confequently that they
could neither have communicated it to, or received it from, the
inhabitants of this ifland. Further, the natives themfelves de-
clared that it had been brought to them by the two vcffcls
(meaning M. Bougainville's) which had lain on the call fide of
the ifland, about fifteen months before. To thefe damning
proofs, produced by our Journalists, we can add, though it is
Scarce neceflary, a (hong preemption, drawn from Bougain?
ville's own journal *, where, we doubt nor, he ("peaks the Uruxh,
but not the while tiuth. " Our Surgeon," fays he, " affured
me, that he had on fevcral of them (the natives of Ttdti, la he
calls them) obferved marks of the fmall-pox ; and / taek nU ptf-
Jibje meafurts to prevent our people's communicating the Mhtr
fort to them ; as I could not fuppofe they were already infected
with it *." — M. Bougainville therefore was confejous that feme
of his crew were in fuch a ftate as rendered his preventive mea-
fures neceflary or expedient. The Reader who compares toge-
ther the equivocal or inconfiftent paflages in his journal .relat-
ing to this matter can fcarce entertain a doubt, that he wa*,
only through mifchance indeed, the guilty and canfeiatu Im-
porter.
On the 13th of July our voyagers took their leave of. their
friends at Otaheite, after a (lay of three months among them,
parted, with only a few cafual and fliort interruptions, * iatfce
moll cordial friendship, and a perpetual reciprocation of good
offices.' Their parting4 fcenc was attended with tUote macks
of tendernefs and fcnfibility, on the part of thefe ithadera,
which constitute one of the molt diftioguifhing features. in their
character. Among thofe who had (hewn the itrongeft attach-
ment to our countrymen, was Tutia, who had been the FUit
Miniftcr to Oberca, was ajfo High Prieft of the ifland, and had
great knowledge and experience in navigation. In confequcflce
of an ardent defire which he had frequently exprefled to accom-
pany our adventurers to Europe, he was gladly received on
board the Chip, together with a boy about 13 years of age, his
fervant. On the weighing anchor, Tupiay though Be could
* This parage will be found in oar account of M. Baugaifivilk'i
Y°yage» u 0Uf 46th vol. March, 1772, page 210.
no*
fir nutty Dif;r*iriti nr ier SsaSbtr* Hmrjpkrt, iSc. 491
not retrain from tear*, fuftainrd himfelf during the par;
fecoc, ia (he crowd ci his furrouiKJing irxnds, with a miuuio
of fortituoc and kafMiiy that did him honour— » He fmi hH
Uii prclcnt, a (hut, by GrArcjAY*, *» PeUmti, 7~«fahfa&*f fa-
ruurue nuilrcfa, and then went with Mr. iU, c waft-
hod, saving to the canoe* as long ai the/ con.inucd in
After leaving Otaheite, and making foaie agreeable vififs to
fc.tr at of the neighbouring i (lamia, under (he guidance of their
Indian j»ilo:, 7a/ie, our voyager*, on the 14th of Aoguft,
flood fceatbward profrftedly in Match oi a continent. Jn this
ciirc&ioothey fulled till ScptcmlMU i, when being in the lati-
tude Of 405 S. and longitude 174- IV. and meeting wrth ahcarjr
fca from the wcilw-rJ, witbou: discovering figns of land, or ae
leait any mJ.cati'jn* that appeared dccifivc to Captain Cook*
ftjatp flood back to (he northward. After a courfc of above five.
lea, nr& to the north weft and afterwards to (he fouthwclr,
they ax length, on the nth of CJctubcr Jifco»ctcd land, in about
latitude of 38* S- and in itft V,\ longitude.
On their flow approach ;o th.i land on the following day,
the appearances it fucwiTwrir pi m fumiOted mas-
ter tor much ea^tr convcrffition ; but the opinion on
board the (hip formed to be, that they had at length difcotered
the fo lor? fought for Ttrra Jxjhakt Imcgniu. Thofc who
wcte 0/ this opinbo had fonic rcafort, from In ft appearance*, to
flatter thcrnielrti that their Uttf'm vat happily in a pretty eon-
hVtiablc irate wt cadKitttion nod improvement : for on appfoaefc-
wag fell NU .on the Sdea they perceive!. n.*t indeed
palaces o; temples, but (banc koufes which appeared to tc frnall
but iic.it j and in one place iaey could plainly discern a prery
higfi and regular paling furroumiing the whole top of a hill*
i became natur* ly ike Subject of much fpecu ne
firppoung it (o be on!) -ad fiieep; while
«tker> exalted it into the dignity of a f<»i for Jht •"— the pro-
perty doubtlcfi of fome of the Auflrai;
*'ot*kftftandisJg tkeic appear; l country which they
had now dtJCOYfrrd war aftcewardt found to be iae eaftern Tide
Maa* Z<*l*nJj a part 01 th: wryrVr* coait of which [crrorw-
oialW called (he tafit'm real] by our Jourrulift] had been fec«n
nod tUited by Tuirnau i;» 164a : finco which ume the remain
. — _ — -— 1
• E**ry tillage aia ■ :<d ihcra iftci wards
with appearance* of the i'lic natives lite alact: ia a
eefpetoaJ ftateof I. with eaehtnaef. Thr/e palitadr* »rrr
four.d to be their for.ttc tick are erected on eminencei, and
farther (acered by regular bonka* (Hackw. aid irren oetwarks j *ithia
ayhiv icia racTcabica ;n catt o£ InTa&n ..
492 HawlcrwortliV-ifewHif/ 9f=ti*9ipgm • ••>..
der of this country has continoed to be- altogether wnicnown,
and has by many been fuppofed to be a part of the foi»po)fed
four hern continent The whole of it was however now care-
fully explored by Captain Coolc, who found it to confift of two
large lifcinds, cxtc:i!:ng 14 degrees in latkudc, and 13 in lon-
gitude, feparated from each other by a ftrctght four or five
leagues in bicadth, and which was now properly diftinguiffced
by his name.
Our limits confine us to the giving a very imperfect accoont
of the various obCervations made by our intelligent voyasefs,
on the natural and civil hiftory of this country. We fttsll
therefore only b;icfly touch on a few particulars. If rs-nbtv in
the firft place, one of the leaft remarkable, and at the fame
time fortunate, circumftances attending our adventurers* cora-
munication with the inhabitants of this country, that their-ln-
dup fhipmate, Tupia, though the native of an irtand fitoifed at
the diftance of 4.0 degrees from it, fhould be perfeclly under-
stood by the New Zealandcrs when he accofted them in the
language of his own country. From a vocabulary here eiven,
it evidently appears that the languages of Otaheite and New
Zealand are radically the fame : this and other circumftances of
agreement in cuftoms, opinions, &c. between thefe people frem
ftrongjy to evince that the common anceilors of both had been
natives of the fame country. Even in points of divinity, so
which men, and efpecially divines, are f<> very apt to differ, 'the
New Zealand clergy feemed perfectly to agree with our Ota-
heitean High Prielft, Tupia% who frequently entered -into- a
learned converfation with them, on the origin of the world snd
other abfltufe do&rinal points, and was liftcned to with great
deference. Whenever he was difpofed to inftru& the common
people, * which he (omctimes did,' fays our Journzfrtir, * wva
long difcourfe, he was fure of a numerous audience, who tifrened
in profound filencc, with fuch reverrnce and attention, that we
could not but wild them a better teacher.1
Notwithf Sanding thefe and many other points of refemblance
between thefe two difUnt piople, the difference between them
in a certain particular is very rematlcable. We have already
mentioned the lubricity of the wtaheitean females, who foem
not to have even the idea of immodefty or indecency ; the New
Zealand ladies on the contrary arc perfect prude>, and bifhful
to excels ; and though they did not affix any notion of crimi-
nality to the moft intimate connection with our countryman,
yet in their whole carriage an J deportment our voyagers found
as much modeft iclcrvc and decorum, as are to be met with
among the politcft people in Europe. The engagement for&be
nizht was here treated in the chafte ftiJc of a matrimonial co-s-
pzcl; and if the lover prefumed, too early, or publicly, to
fir main:/ .'W/^.yf, 493
U\s *nv iiKriK^ witii : hy which her dtiicacy was
VI .
Net* ihtfind rxxafionatty pafloi, en
ftfifibTtlK ^«ts of ih. -f people Mid the New
: • jio-.v.-r,
<- rn a
idfrs were
: .1: ! .1:- , -tld «Vl 1 i fife
uf peupk. Au : ■ . . c Reader
ee 0/ aitomfhmcnt
bcabc i> in ■ t (Ac people ihas cha-
rj <: a&uatl tehriuphaxit or catinivats,
\*Wc>cv the botitea ot char •!•< 1 1 battle, anJ prtfer
llijt bwid rerwii Ul ■ Hie fit
It; ' all realorvacvle doubt on the lirnnjcft
i «**■>(£« 4 W rvrdctHTc. Tie Journalist cwcatDnn 10 account
i: lets; ar.d
iuibs pel on ifac pcrniciom inlu-
ence v nwtl hive m\ CtiC ttftfal character of
OH ; on be baa U3 CXpJain how
New Zcabi»J-r» hAVO been co*V -tc the ptacitl and
£<n*Ie ejuaJitka here *fcii -in, in ihc courlc oi 4 pur-
ine vifiiehi accordtr^ to hn •■ ', muft miurailjr
triuj to hariku ti.c and render men cruci and
fii tit tout.
Tl»« curiosity "i our naturalifU waa lathery jrratined hy the
ni*m 'c hcie use kneed cUan wirli, fen the
vegetable m 10 co*ij«niate tor hrr pTl.incfly
in she inrnabkinjt^ocn, in which, ot tnofc thonging 10 ilic
0/ «ju»driit>- iwo , ad At bott-
Aiftv they found, ibeirfcivo in a new wcriJ ; for— excepting
fow-juajile, 3»r nc or two kindt of graft
p« or fern, like tht>*« of
i - Wen* Indies 1 nvctar ftx cs wtikh
tfc- ■ ■ the plant! cist u«
**/ t< (ounJ in aim 1 ■'« of itc wi-rW : nut one tf
lb* otner vtfttablaf g to
*a*«t ftw bm*r- e ever yet been elder ibed by any
,.♦.
nprd l
lie Rcnlcr. ol" I
»J i» our 1
S*je -: 1.
1
thai ;i cbtaincj ij New Zealand ia the year 17-0; where
haottfl bonci. ui'icr itt> had been fir* a
came, through the c rt f»r eosntryBvcm, and their ri?erattfi
■ «>:' ciubli-iicvi trade beturtca tbetn »»d
j VMk-
494 Hawkefworth'r Accwnt oftht Voyaga
feotantfts, or had been clfcwberc fecn by themfclves during the
courfe of the voyage. — What advantages might not the aits,
commerce, and particularly the wattria mtdica^ probably receive
from an accurate fcrutiny into this large vegetable board, which
has exiftcd here almoft wholly unexplored, or, at leaft, has
never been rummaged into by beings poffefled cither of curio-
jity or fciencc, ever fincc the creation !
Of the vegetable productions of this country one plant in par*
ttcular attradb and merits our notice on account of its extraor-
dinary utility, and as there is the grcateft reafon to believe that
it would grow and thrive in England with very little trouble.
It ferves the inhabitants inftead of hemp and flax, and excels
all other vegetables that are put to the fame ufes in other coun-
tries. From its leaves the natives make their firings, iioet,
and cordage for every purpofe, and * which are To much ftroagcr
than any thing we can make with hemp, that they will not bear
a comparison.' By a different preparation, they draw from the
feme plant * long {lender fibres which (bine like filk, and ate
as white as fnow.' From thefe, which are like wife furprizingly
firong, their finer cloths are manufactured ; and from the leaves,
without any other preparation than fplitting them into proper
breadths, and tying the ftrips together, they make their fi&iag
nets. Thefe exceeded the feine belonging to the Endeavour,
which the natives viewed with the utmoft contempt, as much
in ftrength and goodnefs as fome of them did in fize and length;
Our voyagers mention one in particular, which they faw at the
Bey tf ijiands, that was five fathom deep, and was eftimatadto
be no lefs than three or four hundred fathom long *•
After a (lay of near fix mouths in New Zealand, Cap*. Cook
took his departure from thence on the 31ft of March 1770.
Steering a weftward courfe near three weeks, he difcovered land
on April 19, in about the latitude of 38° S. and long. aio£ W.
This land, there as no room to doubt, is the caftern fide of the
country, part of whofe weftern and northern coafts had beca
difcovered by former navigators, and diftinguithed by the names
of New Holland, and Carpentaria, Proceeding northwardly be
minutely explored, during the fpace of above four months, the
caftern coati of this country, which had never before been vi-
fited by any European, from the latitude of 380 to io§°S.
giving to the whole of it the name of New South Waz.es 3
• We recollect having been informed, not long after the return
of the Endeavour, that fome oftht feed* of this valuable plant had
been put into the hands of fome of our gardeners, for the purposi
of railing it among us. As we have never heard of the remit, we
think it probable that the experiment failed; poflibly becaafe tjut
feeds had loll their vegcUUTv^ v°wcc during the voyage.
and
fir n.jJ>c Dijhvtrttt in thi Stuibrrn Hmifiltri, We. 495
'OtTtfllon <f it, I had before done of
Js'tw Z&UaJ, in thr n:n ic 6f hil l.'rirtnnrc M-ijeiry. fn thi*
kang courfc he may juilly be faid to We difcovered and .
a country of greater exte nt * riwn any other in the known
wcrid that docs not bear the- name ©J a contir>ctit :* rhc Icngttl
of eoaft along which he fi laced lot rtr-i: line, nmotinr.
ing to f.«f aoco miles ; 4 fo that m 61 jare rutfaec mull be
much more than equal 10 all Europe/
He found thi« whole country vtry thinly inhabited, by a
rice of people of a dark cnocobte colour, who go ftark naked,
And who Ihewrd by tHttr twhtviour from on? extremity of rt to
the Other, that, whatever mai -rants or appetites, they
were not of a kind t< -*<1 by the moft afetul or gaudy
ropean con , in vain offered to their accept*
'■latTcr, and
heidalhirt in the m&rt Jcieretgn eontemj" evidently
mvcJ turtle hen ever j for in one of the fell whirti oar
rop£*rt were favoured n*th the company o** there gentry on
board the Qiir>, they (e 7*4 two, after having Jiil*.
them, and been refuted, and «ndr»muf*yj ro carry them off b?
force. Fir/nV, with aa air of ftsperiority and companion, would
It them, and fuy that tfcey were T*st* '
- wretches.' They did rto? appear to hare the ie-iie idea
frame ; nor could o*r voyagers comm jnreiee-
rt to them. In (ho it, thefr new-made (abject* of h* Frjfanftrc
Mnjcrry wrrc a fet of the moft ftrani'r ami tmpoc4acab4e root-
tKat \f$t$ had yet met v. I
Of rtteftiturv! n faind in this cr.jntryweiDail men-
tion on!y two, the lineuraTttyok' whieti confifl* <n th?ir gi'nneie
"iOrif . The firH of <»»ir foecimen* i» a ifwetes of cockles,
wortby, on ;*rount (4 their magnitude, to be den
of theiheres of H-ta^orr*. — K Some of then were as ro«
two men could move, and contained tarofM of uood
jtieof. The other inllatter belong; ro the- reattiered trio*.
rraturaMy — H Map erfl B*oSb!ONA3 rV/sre t*r tbf*rblu" Iff
an exCurfion nvd* In then* inace, I »k and Mr. Bankr,
we arc told, found, tit a lowfandy»i1and, the rteft of an ergfew.iit
voa.i* ones, wnieH ehoy kllle»t, • tmi the naft of fome other bird/
arjowrntlift, l we knew not what, of a moft cnorroo*!*
iirr ; it wa« huilt wi:h flkki upon t ik (round, and «.i
Jrfi tban fi* awl rfcvwr /^rf m circumat ranee, and two teat
eight incbea h%h/
The ubich we hive extenied tliif article obliges
us to confine otirfclvca to the bare ouiJinoof tl»e remainder of
thr* very intcreftiog voyage. Hating traced the exseafive coaft
of Nm$4*lh t't'jkt as far aa i<o}°S.~Capt. Ccok arrived it it*
northern extremity o:» tht t3'J of Atigtitt, fro-n whence rwaf-
1
496 * HEwAtfworrV* Account tf the Vojap*' '* "*''
feded a paffage between it and Near Guinea'^ to which he^i:
the name of Bndeav$ur Strtigbts : thereby ascertaining, "*s ' ftfi"
obferves, beyond all controverfy, that thefe two countries' (arfe '
not joined to each other. For the knowledge of this palTagt,
however, Mr. Dalrymple affirms, in his pamphlet above refer-
red to, that he ww obliged to hit d>.trt9 in which Totfrcft
track was laid down, from Arias'* memorial.
From thefe Streights the Endeavour proceeded toward) Ba-
tavia', in their courfe to which they flopped fome time at the
ifland of Savu. Among other particulars relating to this'ifland,
a fmall fpecimen is given of the language, by which, fays the
journalift, * it will appear to have fome affinity with that of the
South Sea IJlands, many of the words being exactly the famt.%±-
It is very remarkable, however, that on comparing the two vo-
cabularies together, we have not teen able to difcern a fm*li
word in one of the languages that i.i the leaft degree rtfenmh
the correfponding term in the other.
On the night after their arrival at Batavia, a Dutch Eaftlri-
diaman, which was at anchor within two cables' length of the
Endeavour, was (truck by lightning, which Nit the mainmaft
and carried it away by the deck, and ihwe;cd the main- top-
mad and top-gallaut mail all to pieces. The Endeavour feem*
evidently to have been protected from the baJ cfTccts of this
violent thunder-ftorm, by an eUcfrical chtiu^ whxh they had
but jult before got up, and which wjihiy conducted the light- '
ning over the fide of the flrip ; the whole chain appearing, 'at "
the time, a continued line of fire. Notwithstanding this efcajje,
the whole veflcl was (hock, probably by the lateral cxpIoJis*T as
by an earthquake) and a centinel, who was in the ad of;
charging his piece, had the mufket forced out of his bands by
the {hock. On this occafton Cape. Cook earnestly and property
recommends the ufe of chains of this kind on board of every
fhip* whatever may be htff ordination.
We are forry to have occasion to conclidt our abftracl with
the account of the death or ^oor Tupia at this place, where he
and his boy Tayeto on their landing were highly ftruck and de-
lighted by the novelty and variety ol the fee nc prdented tu iham
in a large and populous city. His death was preceded, and ap-
parently haftcned, by his great affection for the pur boy, who,
with fome others, fell a victim to the peililent climate of this
place ; the effects of which were felt by every one belonging to
the fhip, except the old failmakcr, between 70 3nd 80 years of
age. It is remarkable that this privileged individual was re-
gularly drunk every day while they itaid here.
Leaving this place on the 27th of December, with 40 lick"
on board, and all the reft in a feeble condition, they proceeded
' .towards the Cape of Good Hope ; having buried 2j perfons in
the
fir witting p.ifctvtrus inihx SfUthir$iHemifpbtre% l?c. 497
tbc lati fix weeks of their paiTagc thither. When they got into
tfi.e> regular trade- wind the mortality ceafed ; and, after a month's
flay at the Cape, they .departed from thence, on April 15, and
finally anchored in the Downs on the 12th of May 177 i-
We (hal I not extend this article by adding any partu ular cri-
ticifms on this performance, to thofe which we have already
offered in the preceding articles. We fhnll only, in general,
remark, that notwiihftanding the inaccuracies obfervable in this
compilation, we cannot, upon the whole, avoid declaring, in
juftice to the memory of the Editor, and to thofe who furnilhcd
him with his materials, thatthefc imperfections are largely coun-
terbalanced by the i:;rrinftc merits of the work, which abounds
with new and curious articles of information ; and by the ad*
ven.tstious ornaments which it has received, both in the articles
©f lentiment and diction, from the pen of the Editor. We
cannot however pafs over without notice, and reprehenfton, the
licentious manner in which fame of the plates are executed,
which are very far from UlujhaUn^ though they greatly tmktU
lifk% ,the work, and in which truth and nature are faciinced
to the imagination of the painter and his ideas of grace and
beauty.
In the plate, for inflance, marked No. 1 [Vol. ii. page 55.]
wc are prefented, by the elegant pencil of Cipriani, with a view
of the pcrfons, drefs, and habitations of the inhabitants of Terra
4UI Fn/go. Inttcad of viewing a rude, inartificial hovel, made of
a few poles inclined to each other, by the * clumfy, itupid,' and
wretched c outcafts of Nature,' with whom the Reader 10
brought acquainted in the text ;■ — the SptiiaUrt on calling his
eye tu the \eiiy finds himfelf fuddenly tranfported into Arcadia ;
he. beholds a paftoral bower, conftrucled with equal art and
tafie, aud embcllifhed with foliage ; and views a groupe of
human figures, fome of whofe graceful forms and attitudes
realize the fancieJ icene. — Surely the coarfeil wooden cuts, ex-
hibiting a faithful copy of Nature, as it appears in this part of
the world, would have been more acceptable to every judicium.
Reader, than thele fanciful crtathns of Signor Cipriani *■
1,1 .---.. — — — r
• The infertton of this particular fancy- piece in this work appears
the more extraordinary, as in the Journal publilhed under the nam*
of Sydney Parkinfon there is a reprefentation of this very feme, ap-
parently defigned on the fpot ; to which is annexed the name of Mr*.
Bucb-.n, one of \>r. Banks's draughtfmen. This Ctetch indeed dot*
not poifcfs any of the elegancies of Signior Cipriani's drawing ; but
it carries on the face of it pretty evident mark* of its being a genuine
tt*iifcript of the fecne it pretends to exhibit.
Though
Though we were never at O tahcite,, or jjfefent, at a rfcfftTJlil:
entertainment in the ifland of Uti<ua, yet w£ nay venire ;,£©£-;..,
fidently to affirm, that Tafia, were he alive, would .difawD>,&ta<;
food company got together in plate No. 7, for his iieighbgjya*.,:
nftead of the Caflumt of the South Sea i danders, the fpT^t^f
is prefentcd with figures which, in the air of the beads, fcfflfty.
attitudes, ice continually remind him of the antique, aa^of-
the productions of the Roman, Florentine^ and other. £nyf
fchools. In fhort, embellifnmcnt has beta to much attmJM ;:
to, that in plate No. 23, Vol. i. page 463* we. are entertaiaef ;
with a view of a grand ftatc proccflion that does not af>paiE«i
ever Co have had exigence. On looking into the cAplaiaip^,-,
table of the plates, we are there told that it is ' a rcpr c^ipti- «
tion of the furrtndtr of the ifland of Otahejte to Cap^ VIUli%>/
by the fuppofed Queen, Oberca ;' — a [r^^u6Hcm,aadcej:coW3}^--i
which are nowhere recorded in thefe volumes. , .. . ,.* r .
. . *\\i 1 ' fi </.'■
ART. XII. A Digtfi aftbtfrtfan Aa for Amtnimnt vf th* iHgimp* ' '
with a Calculation of the Duty, Compofitioii. and ConiriWtiw*
for every Rent from 1 1. to 400 1. fir Jumum. ..For the U<c otSfit*. \
veyors, Sec. Alfo a Lift of Forfeitures and Penalties, with a Sche-
dule of Forms and Remarks* By J. Scot, Efq; 8vo. ' 2 4. Dolly, .
«* ...*." Sx^l
HERE laws of extenfive operation* are patled, aWfrifij ''
of them, well executed, are of great ufeto bring intra *
w
down
Numerous, intricate, and difperfed as our laws are, it wlnjUft/^
laudable to collect all that relate to particular ibbjectir^mt* ''*
fingle acts; whrch by having a new Iegifiative fanction? tfbfjf1
to them, may inform the fubject of his proper duty, wia^ih?*'
expofing him to fufFer under unavoidable ignorance, the'ptar of iU\
which, however juft, is not admitted in our courts. ' Add W' r"
this, that the great alteration in national circumftances,man^
ncrs, and cuftbms, often required that antiquated laws flteiiM *
be conformed to thofe alterations : but when this' is done, the' '\
new laws ought to be framed with all the clearnefs, preeMbnV11;
and other advantages that may be expected from the UtSertff^
improvements of the age, and from the collective wifdbnH of**1
the nation. Neverthelefs whatever fafety we may expect lri; aV!'
multitude of cotmfellorj, we feldom find bodies of men aflemblea
together, able to effect what one clear-headed man can" cxt6dt£:\*
in his clofet ; on the contrary, intereir, and even caprice, ofteit *
'Injur*'
Dittfl *fih$#$*Jamfir AKnimnttffa Uisbt*s}i. 499
Injure the bcl> connected plan
i before them j an J
r houfe
vnnrony, /vith a?I dire refpeel be it fpoken) Wi t no fonder
wonder at ;bc defects which too often appeal in uui *£» 0/ pai-
nt.
l*he fertrll iiut.:ei and obligations enjoined by the late rtafute
fvr preserving the highways, are here cfafi- i.ftincl eh t 1-
nt i which comprehend the precept un-
der etch head rerorairely : ver hive added to the
faction of the Reader who accepts it as hi* guide, if this ib-
jgeft had been more tJofcly connected with the wfl which ic
. by adding at the end of each fe^tion a corral* refer-
ence to the fcelion or fecaioru of the ail where the Ic^al matter
is to I* fount*. A* a conclu/ion, Mr. Scoct h'*i 'made (type
very fK/rinent remark* on particular claufcs of the acl» and
Jtscdufc* wtih the Following gem nations:
• I : .much for t:ic prefent acl, on a candid compartfon of
which, with _lhc i-nmcdiately prcccuirlg one, il rhaps be
apprehended, that ihe/e waa no abfulute neceflity for an alters-
fion j or at leaft, that if the fbr.Ter can boaft fomc tew articles
ihitmay bt jufily termed improvement*, una* ruany other* which
have no title to thst appclfativn.
' it {flight he deemed too bold an innovation, to propofe
tr rcjCL-'ion of a plan which has received the (an&ion of
Euilocn for more than two centuries ; but it would prnl
he moli erroduai method to procure a thorough amcivlnv nc
;tc ruaJi, Cuabulifh the ftiiu-c duly, and fuhilitutc a re la-
ment ui. lb much in the pound as might
kt purjofcj ihc money taifed there©/
Kcoiployed and accounted for by the furvcyor, who, as he-
oic hiaod, lho«UJ he rendered independent of every 1
the juftken. The antiquity of an expedient which, 1x1 trial, i.
Ch*aJ -"« the end it was clefiirned' for, cannot be a
i> 1 ■ in ihc pra&kc of ic Thcic is
|ik doubt but tbccir'ccr of this alt-. >ula" Coon be vil
l» i (01 as the money mutt be raifed, thcic would be
10 temptation to omir expanding ic. An trlfinitudc of 'trouble
vo«W b* faved to the furvtyor, -ud the ouly argument 1
rour of the prefcjit method, vh. that it is an advantage ca the
landholders, who at particular icaibns have Jieclc work Uu th il
rams will lore much of its validity, when it is confidcred th»:
* :>c hned for repairing the roadt, and pco'»b!y thofe
lui itiat purpofc.*
the writer fears it 1 Itemed,
n every poim of view. V.
1 j
Riv. Dec. I77J
: poor, It is at firli fijht 1:1 act <>' ot>l::<.8i<j+
K k
506- Smollett5* l*d*pmUm+\< ani<W« :
to diftrcfs them, byobltgt.ng tbern ttftn^irroaoV' ft* others,
which they neither do nor tan occupy' the)nlclves. This the
Author obferves in his remarks on fratute duty; and, as he
there adds, that * working for" a dcad'horfe, is a proverb with
which the vulgar are as well acquainted, as with that kind of
conduct which gave it exiftence ;' there is this farther miadna-
taee in it agaimt a poor labourer, that a day's time is a pofitive
lois to him, while the parifh does not reap an bone&*day's la-
bour from him : nor can this 1>e converted Into an aWufation,
unlets it were poffible to counter- aft the feelings of hutnan na-
ture. Like circumft aocca would afreet every one placed in them
in like manner, which may fcrve as r general anfwrexto moft
of the general reflections on the conduit of the iftnVtfAt clafiei
and orders of mankind. ' t ' ' . .*■' ". " .• y
New editions of all our acls reduced to this familiar piet hod,
with judicious comments, would prove more intelligible than
in the parliamentary form, and free them from muea~iof their
glorious uncertainty* ■ '# iA
..'.'.■ ■ . — \.'.rtu
AaT. XIII. Indtpndtua; an. Ode. By the late T. SmoUeO, M. D.
4to. 6d. Murray. S77J.
MEN of the moil liberal minds arc the. mod fiaitten by
the charms of independency j and ^ "no rnani iras ever
more fenfible of their power, thac the late ingenious Br. Smol-
lett ;— who adored the goddefs with. .unfeigned., devotion, and
celebrated her praifes in the pure didtfts.tf hfafaeftth':r
Mafon's ode to Independence is'elegas*^ imt cbln% Smol-
lett's glows with that enthufiafm which; tt«hight*b« ifriagined,
the fubjeft would never fail to kindle. - •"• ■ •- •••* •'*' *
Independency, however, is not f female dghy in Smollett*
poem ; though a goddefs in Mafoftra performance. *TA • " * '
After defcribing, with great vigor of fancv, an* WiAVerj1
-poetical colouring, the birth and attributes of the'SoWlqf'J£i£
berty, the poet proceeds to celebrate the steblevcmcnn s^ffci
denii-god, in fupport of the glorious caufe of his celeftiar/
mother: •'.'>. it "1
On defartifles# 'twas he that rais'd- .A*V -x *
Tbofefpires ehat gild the Adriatic wave, . ^^...:! \;ti
Where tyranny beheld amw'd •• ::;;itt""KJ
Fair Freedom s tempie1, wberaJiC raark'd her gmiteV 1
v . He ItcelM the blunt BatavianYanns .1;': ,,,/
: — : r-r-rr- : rfi
4 • On it/art ifltt — ] Although Venice was built a confidrrabto
time before the xra here affigricd for the- birth of IndeffmiHnce,
the. republic had not yet attained to any great degree of power a*4:
fflenUor.' „ '■ .;•_ . -...-.: ,*4
1>
faallcu'i !*Apa*k*u: an-OJn.
To b*Ut the Ibe/iift's double iiaiai t »
p. And citid icar'J. asd flamed faj
. o<* .N'epiianc's wiije doa*.;
lie, with theg<-- ici, f.:e
On Uri'» rv: *" 1 1
And ning'U lIii r/ou' Jure 44 fxtc»
Which aKciuin'd the ficrcd fitho oFman.
STROPHE-
Arabia'i torching lands he crot) 7 ;
Wki* blahW Nature pants fupine*
Condo&oj ctl.tr Uit<» idaJh
To Freedom's JtdAmoAUi:-
1 AuJ ma&y a Tartu herd forlorn, agl..
He fu-uili'd fron unjei Tel! OptirrfTiuu') winf
An,\ taofftt. arnidfc the dreary wfll
Th" all-chejrjng hvmoi of Lioercj M £n£.
tiodi, like precious Ore,
DtfaVd thiocfk every bafer DO
Kvcn dow he itaud* or CaJVi'i rocky flio«i
And torn* the drof* of CorfiCJl to gold *.
He, yardian grniu*, taught my youth
* tinfel Iivtrv to deipile;
f-Mylipa, byhimcJiailu'd totrir
Ne'er paid thai fcomsgc nhich ihc heatt denied
--., ist ROi i r r. - m
Thoft fcuJr>: pr *.rctd#
ice ana rinit) combinM,
To cazaJc and frduce, their bar>n<r» fprcad,
Avd fo;jj;e vile flucldtt foi the ficc-Uvir niifti. "
Where ltdu!eiuc hit wrinkled front uprean;
K.And all the Ao*crt <»f lpurioui Fancy bJou1 ;
And Title hit ill-wore* triplet wean.
Foil often uT<a;hk'd around the jnifcreuu's brow":
/t ... ■ ■ ' ' "
f •/• &#/ /A* Jhrixmj dieitt tbsaa ] The Low Coainnct wet*
r-'XCjTod by gQAvOoi laxatuwn, but JiL:vi"* iftreatned
rtt jt :hr Jnqi ica the aVvri Tfovij
>k ofTihc )
)*Vtfiritkt—] Al 1 the kAzwn frwj r.f'W!!ltort
and hfs atTrtciatri, the fathers and founders of thf confederacy
■ canlO«i."
S Ar&Ji Jftrcfritj> fd**t—] The Afabi rather tMn refl^a
• udcpandcacT, Lave often abandoned t*eir hitwiatioai, and co*
iCefcd ail the btrron of tbr <H»rf .*
I Ami-m**} m Tmrtar ktrd>~] Prod the lyntony <rf.Jrnf.hii*
0, Titnur-Bec, and Other tailr-a coaijvceort, waoJe txibet of
vriterv rfed tori? into the rraaeter waftet ofOMfctjj where- •»
• couJd follow <«*«.*
• ^W /.raj /^ jV*>5 */ C^/rd— ] The ncble ftand a*-ade by
haJ Paoii and b:i jSoci..ici a-*inll ilia aiforpation of the KirocJl
j, aau* eadtar thera to all tfce &oat of Libr nr an 3 In-Jf p« •
k Sc 2 WLtrnsf
Wherever dimplipfr Faflhood, pert and. rnin>
Prefenta.herenpoffcleprtfefflbtiVfrdrJi; / (i 1/
And pale Diftafe, with 611 Mi bloated train.
Torments the fons of gluttony and floth.
8TH OfHE.
In Fortune*! car behold tlrar/teirmm ridav •. i -
With'chher India's gCctensg fpoih opprtft :
So moves the foinrner-taate, in htrnefsM prip>,, ..
That bears the tttafort wfciefl he cannot taftc
For him let venal bardi tfiigrace the bay) •
And hireling minflreh wake the dnkfinr ftrjbeg ; * - % •
Her fenfual fnares let ft hfalels pkifure lay ; J
And all her jingUttR belb flmtaific Folly riaf: ..
Difqute't, Doubt, and Dread lhlrll intervene^
And Nature, ftill to all her reettngt jurV .
Id Vengeance hang a 'c5tnr£ On every fceney • j.
Shook from the baleful pinions of Difeuft.
ANTISTROPBE,
Nature 111 court in her ftxoefter'd haunts, • ij
By mountain, meadow, ftrtamJet, gTOte, orxett,
Where the poii'd rafk hi* evening cfitty chaanta>
And Health, and Peactr, and Cootcmpbtion dwell.
There, Study ihaJI with 'Sofitudc retllrle ;
And Friendship pledge mc to his ftHow-fwaine;
And Toil and Tentoerenoe fedatcly twine
The flender chord that flattering lift furraina :
And ftarlefc Poverty {hall guard the door ;
AndTafie un fori I'd. the'fregal able fpread ; •
And Ttfdhftry Wpplv the humble ftore ; - /
And Sleep unbribM his dews refreming Shed";
White -mantl'd Innocence, ei aerial fright,
Shall chace far off the goblins of the night :..
And lapgygwDtwca oxr the day prcfidc;
"Propitious powir ! myTfaTfoVTffiiTny PrWaV^, -? L '
For the authenticity of triw piece, we mod depctid'oa fa
credit of the bookfeller*; ekduflve of the iftterhal ■tfrtdentt,
Which, we believe, will fuflfce for the fatisraaiorj pf ftofew
are acquainted with the peculiar fpirit md flow of the QpeWi
poetical veia.
* The Editor's advertisement, prefcoed to the Ode, tans beB«-
4 That this poem is *Mtb**ticr *e Juue the baft v*tbiri&.:*~ Iwf •/
the nature, extent, or weight of that authority noduog it# . ijsjd.;—
however, we have no doubt beat that the -poem ia. ttw:geneyi*>Pn'
"duflion of Dr. Smollett. We are ortfjr -lurpmed. that i*cJjd Mt i
fubiiih it in his life-time : for he vitas neither indifferent ». fioc
nor avcrfe to the truant 0/ Mtptndntj*
WOKTSW
r
MONTHLY CATALOGUE,
for D£CEUB£ R, 1773.
PolTIC At.
Art- 14 ** EpiJNifinm Ofcw, Jgwrn tfQtabiitt, St Jsfipb
B**it. £<Y« TnfftwA by T. (^ 'A. f.fy IWcflbr of the oi*-
licitc L-taNUC i» DuLl p. and oj all the Laii£B4*ci of the uhjif*
cd-ered ifianrfi in the Soi -uriehed with hUlcriol and
exj! ito. it. Almon. 1 ;ri-
*"!"* H K ti»gda)je and wano*.-« of OtaS:itc, obeyed to ui in
£ OvUion drain*, flisfcc in appearance equally pltafan:
ifi|*e. Thu> OftVrr* Uiucau ik-c loft of hex 0/v*»' ;
Oft on thy l:pi. thou: tips of lour. I liunp.
To hf ar the* $met me to tny rati it coogiir ;
Mm* a-'tt* f, fweetly too c.xpieiYd,
Your eyei, all eloquent, fXslain'd the rtiL
. fond r it yo-r.h, c*n*fl thou fbr«; the night,
farting from roar deep in wild
Rtfc, Oberea, riur, myQjrra/ yon
»me thief J ha» iM'n mrp h-erefces from say fcfad,*
-3.'+ir"vIng I went befedc the billowy n
Search 'd the Jong wiadirj: conlt. Sot fcarchM in rain.
My eho:tclr farroctlE llrsu; ! t);jr\J wih you.
Aad fondly ctoath'd 700 with my own Pitt* \.
NoettiY>«* not other ftritori to impart
A mutual paCion » my royal he.-..
My ortk. sri) I rows Chlrru'd fr/Vf,
AuJ Ot*f*irt* fifth* his lui:i
Tnefr teftr*, their wanned torn could ne'er prerail,
Nor jiftofche«ja*#M be«J», nor profcr'd mat*].
: pronounce Mr. £-ui.:\ name,
OpajiOi
1 Conic ;xrc lo Lil* uic." Sec ih; tucaWaxy of tl.e
•a-**. M>. Barts thought hiiaaVIf frrtanit*
-, is her wni.r. $ht in.ilUd <v) taking hit
i&to he/ curtixi>. Aw>tcing about cietei uu»d they
llolcn. oa which he ««v*i«ed Obc/v^, who I ■. anil
>tftiinr'<ut con; . and prepared in great haCe to
recover **ut he had tall. In the morning Chorea beo-agri: hua loaic
of her co*nrry cloatba
i /Vm fonilics a pm;coit io ta: Otahrite kagcig*.
<A p..i.-;.ng or d>i»g then loiau *umJ battoeki, and
m« iKhec apon (Wni, tiy v . ament, ii dr«
fcribed in the Vo)^ei lhr*i" oroaaerm, we ir^ ro3d*i are thdr
pride, ami flic*/-. ,;rh g;*-;t clUnuti rtu
% Tfccralbc c : ;/ a-. • c^ocice,
5©4 iXovtrktY fcxTVaooW,' y^rlca*
This j(u ftfprit is ingenious, arid entertaining. In Ac tittt^
which are both claffical arid comic, the Author is, perhaps, totffir-
cmftic on thd. celebrated Editor of the Voyages to the South Sess ;
but as they were probably written, though not actually pnbli&cd,
while Dr. Hawkefworth was living, our Hibernian Ovid is not,
therefore, chargeable with the mc,aQneis of an in/alt offered' to the
Ptad Lien.
#t' Squire T. Q_ Z. teem* to have made a little ipp, when be,
repeatedly, make's Oberea call her hbufe.a <wie*wMm9 which is the
name given by Tome of the North American Indians to their hau:
pat we do not recollect this word in any of the accounts g]ve& of
the language of Otahcite. Ewharrc is Otaheuean for art houfe.
Art. 15. To* If ratines on Mount Hanoi an Oratorio. /"French
and Englifh. From a Manufcript of Dr. J>e Gncldrc. 4:0. is.
Cadell. 177 ».
The language of an Oratorio is hardly ever an oojeft o/.tjidcifn.
Jn the original French this is called a Dramatic Poem. . Ii is very
coocife, conQliiug only of one fliort fce'ne, the aftion of which » the
Canting of the rock, and the consequent fnpply 0/ water. The
French is better than the Eoglifh. It is printed for the Benefit of a
gentleman in diftrefs, audi in fuch cafes, tht vxrfi tbt bargain, tht
Jttttr the pur chaft !
Art." 16, Simplicity % #rt Dmntflk Pcem. 4to. % s. JtaMey.
'775-
When the Reader has perofed half thefe poems He may pofBbly
find out that their intention is burlcfaue. But no m«o, Are, was
pv«r more unfortunate in the porta it of his object than this Author
has been. In wort, he totally cniftakes it. He tells you lie h ridi-
culing Simplicity in poetry. Aha ! poor M*Q ■ he mean* j6K*e*J aQ
the while, and 4°** n0* know it, Had he- turned to oar rsvkwof
jhe Hermit of Warlcworth, and of Arminc and Elvira, 4w weajd
"Lave feen tjje diftinftion, and would not hare peftered tbe Pablic
■ with thirty-five pages of filly ferfei to expofe what every 'aan-'ftf u£c
jnuft reject with contempt. ' " :'
Art, 17, Suicid* ; a Poem. 4ft). IS. Hookham. I77J.
^ad reasoning, and worfe poetry.
'Art- x8- PifewJ't a Satire. . 4(0. is. Beeeroft, fse! 1773.
Defends the horrors of national djfeord and faction; and'intro-
* duces a prophecy of
HoLLit, whom k>ngs and courts beheld with awe,
friend tot prerogative at qn'ce and Jaw.
JfoJUi, we are told.
In life's laft moments with a. prophet's rage /
1 . penouncM the miferies'of a future age.
This fifz*h'Ji%bl of a future age, comprehends a view Of the pit-
.fcntfimes, ip which
A youthful monarcn, known
for mildeR man peri, (hall adorn the throne.
Is (his reign we fee
A ribald mike to patriot tin pretence*
Mi
M4X?iij.t Cataioooe, PfSfp*.
S^i
^i.Kiuvf again, t '•'. .1 -t--. — -The nu'.
. but pcrhnpo tfiet wiflf fc-yfwne oiuc*,
««h t ibfcA.
H, J. ws Affihor
: too. i >• Xcith. lc i;;
Aft. 19.
" Shine 00 our fouls. eternal Cod,
-ibuiJc;
1 e find,
1 our
— 11 the Header wants to know moi
Co urnjEAi \I<*x».. v.e re&r to ourac-
Cvv fl vl.v. p. 89.
' >' - ■ KMrriTiTah
Pari the S'-cond. Dedicated, without
:■' >n; '.'. : «; c . Efo,. *Xo. ." J. U d. SnB*V
procure ah Jill of Ccmmo* Cmtnti! to
in* is a c evpla.icw of hi: fins, co icad tiii* languid, del!.
ion- 1 fri^rvHi, he would ihintc it
ion, jntl would be «pt to cry out with
" .'!.■ j- \.y: -*,.-/ It {tiAtir fbxt I t*n .'■-*' f"
POLITICAL
An, "2 1. Am I*4*ir) 'r.v sf Imprifotmnu far T>/k,
**J * R<f*+ri,n */Mr. Jmmti Sufklt Dfcfrrar To which ;»
it^i a//.« Uu RUici of 6»;h Oritur and IXbcvr. b\o I ».
Towo*. 17. ).
Mr. 5Wfi( n's atTcnicr *. thit fmoriTonmcot for debt is contrary
toeooamoa taw, Magra Ciana, ftltau I; roofed
by our /vuih^r 0<x oiiiy 10 have milled many people, but to hive in-
duced Com-: ; /iuUc iululu to the extxttlefl officer* of
Use Uw i aad hcatc Uc Iiu: it expedient to I»y bclui
»«
pal be b
, La tin* Uu4j!iIc view of pre-
rmtUff fucn ci.' tor trie low re.
In tnc execution of thiscicf'gn* his irvcfiigation coamene
theoi^iao/iuB— « I'v^cti be projrch ut
he born , down 10 the uaede of nJniinlfltirig jaitic*. i
countr; .. Hcncr hr no:ei the rai
tJODS : '.<"> The RappY p^nod when Magna
Chart a was obtained; oa the 49th r.iticle ot which, the present ;m
poruot cjuclitcn clutUy turn*. Hit rcafoninj; on tliis f am out artnle
n. in our oyioii :»cof the coiuroveifi.
la a word. we tli n, ' trial Mr. Stephen
hat» jrwtly roiU*Jttk|n»/'*''V(~iii;it the rtaroce law ©t
dotn Uea/iy iothor;ir the'prtflice of itnpriioning for debt ; and that
it both, fidoi tunc ; itinutlly fupported andiofbrced this
pralUcc.
T*> rcmedv, if potfible^ \ht inconvcnirncc-< urifirg from the impfi-
foomrnt of debtor*, onf Author, who, in refoccl to humanity, is un
mote a frie&d to taat praflke than Mr. Stephen, hath fuggctleJ ta«
• See a ihon aceoimr of Mr. StrptKo'i r^mpH'ct, Review, vol.xKti,
3«*
McrfYH* t Catalog ua9'L*ri*
. (lowing propofaj: \Let tW. bankrupt-laws. b« extend to fcih
whofe principal debts* are only twenty pond* ; and let thecoeni .
gf fonfeience be authorifed to proceed on all debt* auaVr tweajy
pounds.1
. This node, he apprehends, if properly executed, will prove equally
beneficial to creditor and debtor. He forcfees, and aafwer* OietaV
jcdlions that may be made to it; he obfervct, (hat there "we asaay
additions and regulations neceuary to complete the scheme : and ae
concludes with exprefling his hope, that the hint which be fjas thrown
jput may iti mutate ibnie perfon of abilities to undertake tin ufit of
completing it, or to point oat a more eligible plan.
Law.
Art aa. The Statutes at Large, from the Tenth Year, of Ac
Reign of King George the Third, to the Thirteenth of George IE
incluiive. To which is prefixed, a Table of the Titles to aHtne
public and private Statutes during that Time. Wkh a copious
Index. Vol. XI. 410. 1 1, is. King's Printers. I77*«f> .
There is no occafion for us here to add any thing to what we hare
already obferved with refpect to the former publications of ihe pre-
ceding parts of thu quarto edition of the Statutes ax Large,—. The
value of Mr. RurThead's edition, is fufficientfy known- to the i-gea-
tlcmen of the law; to whom any recommendation from, us, would,
now, be wholly fuperflaous. — But ic miy not, pcrhapa, be aJtogertie
impertinent to throw out a reflection which flruck us, on* turning
over the titles to tht several acls contained ia (he prefent large- enlJec-
tion. The parliamentary annals of this kingdom (it occua red to us)
may be pernfed with other views* than merely to become acqaaiatrd
with the intention of a law or the penalty of its iaiRagemeat. - Tier
are capable of a more .extenfive conuderation. They may be, re-
farded as a curious collection of the mod authentic materials so* to
iilory of the various defigns of general improvement for which tee
prefent age is fo much diUinguifhcd ; — the fuccedive rcfraroat-of
(nance, the revifal of incomplete laws, the administration- of Jaftkf,
the afcertainment andiecarity of property, the construction of pab-
lic roads, the formation of navigable canals, the erection of mag-
nificent bridges, the eflablimmeut of hofpitals, the regulations of
commerce, the promotion of the inventive' arts, the rewards ofme-
rit*, the encouragement* of virtue, and the panifhment of crimes;
with a thbnfand other articles of importance to the public and to ii>
HividuaTs,— • all pafs in review before us, and aftonilh us with rttcir
multiplicity, their importance to .the growing greatnefa of our coun-
try, and the unexampled rapidity of their fucccffio&v-x-.What a won-
derful brbVrefs is this nation now malting toward perfefttonin ahtfoft
€*ery JpcciCs of ufeful knowledge, and every embcllifliment 'of' pc-
u. : ' • *■■*
* A remarkable instance of this appears in the volume now before
us; where (i j Geo. »i. c. 77. § 29. ) * the farther lum of ff, 750 Lis
granted to'.Mr. John Harrifon, tor the difcovery of "the lavehOM of
h^U Time-keeper/ Thus, fince the famous aft of the rzthofQ.
Anne, tbe fuin of 2c, cool, hath bc---n actually paid for thc'diRovtff
of the longitude ; and tne'aA li JtiUln force. - - - -
liOtJ
Montucv-Catalocvi, Drx
yy
fftied f#e*ty '— ?.'■ *ro**ir<nt of ottr mortl* keep pwc- vrtli
lheT«W*»crit e>l our murr-m!
An. 3J. FtfrY*r7 Uxkfi if Fel'iz*! end M'.j
The amir in RvCgMMI btetvece the (AtfotilffoMftSt. and ttfcg*.
verndr of Minorc*, wai briedv related in our UA Month*! *cWe%i
and we t rmffd our RVaifcij, that Mr- I1*. J1.1J pained a »crdicl
%/ith 31XO?. Aj.m*j:e». TfcUfuaQ iva* 4ecmo! rUelfiTC by the'dete*.
da««% council; who themipoa moved for a ne* Trial: »
fhr>* earote wa\ accordingly gran:: h of November
the matter wi» arguod In chc court ct Common Pico*. In the i"p
<! Lo*J Chiei J u lice D« Cir*y on ih;s occifmi, art have & very ju.
tjfciom review ot rfcc OK rite *>! cfc* eaatV, with * fail juluficauon
the vrrdiii. Tlic *!wlc bewli «td taanimou* 1.1 refuting! ne*
trial
In UU appeal frorti 0 -RircTuw to 140*1 *aorEtfTI<,j,(
pcr(*mi liberty aa:a obtained a coo-patta irittivph ; and a ?to|
check h*th been £tvcn to the arbitrary I jiii: of military power.
Art. 74. Tb* Pari/) Ofetr's C**}lftt Guidr : C-inrainiiij the
Dety of taw CherdwbXfld^B. Orerecr, Conlbblc, and Surveyor
ther Higt>«irv* a* •ttrlod by tr.c Act of PavttadMII patted la!
1 . . I he wkolc laid doi/e **,•• *■*>» coocife, and fai
M«(Ht*t atod iteaicti fion rhc technical Terra* of ibr I,**, »*
as (he J r>c car* tie* of fcrmrr P ib! c.itiom of the like kind.
lotos Paul, Kf«j Barruler wr Lav. tivo. 1 a. 6d. fewed.
1 and L'rn>lutc. 1 r"? i-
e^tuCKe of paiifc officers arc d c:\ri bed in this pamj>h'.<: in
. fiimlifar mamev, L*t not fe cftrw'iy dt^rlcd as tkey are rn Bern'*
lufttce 1 to • aich, '- ihi* romr>ihrioc appcara to be much
iodebttd. >'*fc* ore- cf Surveyor of th* highway. t» pamculi
I .reed ©1 kv an abiiract cf the Jail art. w>.ich reduce* all *he rOr-
m«rU*> i(<to oocibrttte. Put it may U. referred, that tKc duty ..
tMrafb o Accra t<if<inu£ li-dard children bom in hoU>Ux>, by the
"a** rj Ooo. III. c. fta. 11 locally orcrioxikeaj.
Ft A M A T I <:.
. .1 Mn'quci a* it i* row revived it the Theal
pfinclf^. 1 ). r>d. Cade]!. Ac. 177 j,
•or Reader*, that tiia
Eirt, J iin<» Thooi-
t ; ac the cie£rc of
■ : "m it wn Derlorraed,
^rw*rd#, 1
e " - ■
;'■..,- ^wai
./ f<
:r»w
wbith
Art
::.
the time:
.aJ bcongQt«it on m
^c:
cit-^X
,30* M«w»*y $AT4k<wn>&Jt*J*s
Ought never to be difpcnJcd. with, u> .aoy dramatic exhibition!
. Among the improve mens in the decorajiooi. kc. an pcs^fipnaljfccae
' »M Introduced, with admirable effect, — the platform at PorrXi&puth,
With a diftant view of the royal Nav^r at Spitheid ; in which t$e paint-
er* very happily exerted their abilities, and gained applaujc from
tic heft judge*. "
Novel..
Art. 26. Hadltigb Grove \ or the Hiftori of Sir CharleV Xfevers,
and the fair Jeffica. umo. a Volt. 6j«. Rofon.. I7SA|*.,
If the Reader has patience enough to perafe thefe very llcp*Jcr, to-
lomes, he will find a crude jumble of improbabilities, too hafUiy
huddled together to afford- him the fatisfaclion which refultx from
the being well beguiled into a- temporary belief of the advcnt^rei
related. .... .„., '
ARCHITECTURE. ..'^
Art. 27. J* Effaj on the £hjatificaiiem and Duties ofmu Ardifrp,
Sec. With fome ufeful Hints for a young Architect and Surveyor.
8vo. if. Taylor. 1773. " -■,.»
Intended chiefly as an apology for Mr. D. forvevor tothe^fcv
Gaol, for fuffering fome Purbecit Portland fione to be ufcd,ia-ihe
•build ing, inftead of the real Portland ; bat the Writer has sot con-
fined himielf tolely to thit circamftaace of exculpation. He hat
itahen the opportunity of rendering this tract of general. ufcr by a
number of remarks on the qualification* and duues of an accom-
plished architect, at dilti nguvflied from the furreyor , and »Jfo or) the
proper bufinefs and diftinct province of the latter : this eShy may,
therefore, be peroied with advantage by young aruftt who axe Jetting
• it/p as the phrase is, in either prorefion.
Gardening. .
Art. 28. The Gardmer' j ami PUmUr's Calendar. Cootaiouig
the Method of raifing Timber-trees, Fruit-trees, and Qntck tor
Hedges. With Directions for forming and managing a Garden,
'every Month in the Year, Alfo many new improvements in, the
Art of Gardening. By R. Wefion, Kiq; Author of the Unmmj/ol
Rctemj}, 1 2 mo. ts. 6d. Caruatu
• This new gardener's calendar docs not appear to be a mere cora-
pilctaent from preceding works of the fame kind ; we rather confWer
\\ aa>.for the mod part, what the Author aflertt it to be,— the fair
xeralt.of hit actual experience. Mr. Wefton is a curious, observing
- mn ; and from the remarks of to affiduous a cultivator, a variety of
sulefal. hints may reasonably be expelled, with many improvements
. .in. the popular plan of a monthly directory. The prefect work it
chiefly confined to the common, ufeful, and entertaining part*; of
gardening, and the cultivation of a fmall piece of ground ; without
oorthening thofe Readers with the troublefome care of a greenhoufe
and ftove, who have neither green -houfe or Hove on their premises.
Whatever can be wanted, with refpect to the management of the
kitchen, fruit, or flower-garde 0, the orchard, fti rubbery, norferr,
or feminary, is here treated in a plain and ealy manner. The bun-
neia and benefit of planting timber-trees, is alio a capital object with
this Writer. . . ..
NATva>t,
MovtwIY-Cataiocub, XttigSwr, lf<. 50*
N at u * At History.
, 29. Stint t&fitfinal Oijfrvatimi mif/ ALtfoJ if prtfcrvhff
ie Garden at St. Vincent, under the Ore
By Jrtlm EHi*, F.R. S. 410. 1 .
M
of Dr. George Your J,.
yer, te 1-73.
r put of Mr. F.l1i:'s directions, we jjive an account
vol. Dfour Review, p. tl?. Thefe addition* arr
r 6r^ parr ; and are accompanied by a copper- j-Ut«
[ 1 wired c;ft r India lords, a box for
.: hrcia and We? Florida planu, and 1 box,
rent feed*, (in earth) from the South -
Weft Indies. Had the rarioua method* 0/ preftr-
nrradrd* been put in practice by MelT. Bantu and
in thfir Ute <etcbrved voyige round tbPgktbc, ue pop
. ot, wiw, nave had c»afe to lament toe total lofi of all •
the feeds of chit ratable pbnt the Chlamydia, mbkl 1 aght
from New /cJind : wh * h j-l nil ) ieids n very nut kind of □ . .1
ft* cordage, In flref gth f really foperior to our hrmp : at huh hern
r-mrcd ! nmu mx4* here, with (hmr of tbc leaves.— Tai»
-■^rtaft TiftttofiAl Mr, u-hiea awry nrrer be repaired.
Riliou'03 and CaNTRormsut.
Art. *o. TXv fre
rf Dijptftrr'i Ctietbijm. Containing
9f ft* N'onconformilU : *. Tie R calces of thi
[ha
1. A brief
D ■ :U-
ig r«fons among tfcc Dificotcr* la tbt lei 0/
m. Bockland, 1775,
Though the A«thor of the preftnt traft is a zealoui Ditfentir, ho
has 00c deceit. J from the line M ritoderation and candour, it U
••'WtTiw'dcfijn to make converts from the national Church, 1.
• ung and tie unlearned, ainoog the DtiTcni-
Sueh adengn, lie boj n ex be thought nn-
jH»rf«nt. The necatty of it be a/goer, from
!>i£civtcr> being on!y fuch by education, and koo*ing
tittle oi 1 I lei on whicfc their d:(T«nt u fom-icj, aoJon wliitli
;td • h that* in confcifucrKc of this, ionic
tUtm »rr blgort, and others an? Indl Serene. At to the import.
he urget i: from fereraJ oviilderatioe.i, and par-
:ir?y oblerv?:, that trae Prntcrtuntiffn eajinot 00 dffrodad on aey
* Thefc- genttctaKn took care to bring away, &oca «j\cir native
£*!. ty of the fcedi of this jneilimatiic plant;
bornnfortunarcly. faji Vir. Rllb, ' iho bell fpcxi meow were placed
between piper-,' To chat noiwithf.andl&g toe germen of too Cteds
looked *er/ fair io tbe snicrofcope, yet otviag to thtii long coutinu.
»*ce between the damp papers IB fo Codioss a voyage, oosw of tbern
vegetated.' fiad :hey been put into fmall, dry, dofc boao, or tin
ca« Wen, Mr. K. diiuk* ihev wuulJ, probably, have rcuiiscd their
vegetative pfinekpie: and taere feetu* to have been no reafon to
ooe-lion their grcwirg and thriving in Our tfcscate, aa we'i aa ia
Aeir omx, £
gio Monthly CaTALQfur* R^'Sgis$n% Ifc.
other principles than thoie ca wtiicb the J>uTeatcr9 found their fcpo-
tatiotr, viz. The right .of private judgment, aid liberty of co»-
rcicnee, the acknowledgment of CbriA alone as Head of hra Church,
and tbe fufiiciency of the holy Scriptures as the rale of faith and
practice. U it, fav« hr, of no coniequtnee tKat we fhould bear our
teltimony againft that authority, in matters of faith and conference,
to which the Church of England lay* claim, and tbofc.ndditioa* to
Chriftianity which the hath prefuracd to nuke ? h it of -no conic*
quence that the doctrine* and inUitutioqi of. (ha Gofpel bo main?
tained in their original parity and uraplioity ? Surely thefe things
sinft be allowed of great importance to the honour of Chriil, nod w
CbriAian edification. _ ...
This work, as the title indicates, is divided into two part* . Ifa
fcrrt, which contains the hifiory of the Noncouforauih, is.necei^i^lr
concife. The hiftory is carried down to the late .defeat of ti* J)if-
atnters bill, for relief in the article of fubfeription. , ;
. In the second part, which includes {even lections, the Aw*w
confiders . the general frame and coniiitution of the Church of )&&
land, as national, and1 eflablifocd ; the character and authority, of
ce ruin officers appointed in it ; the iinpofition of a Hated fins da of
prayer called the liturgy* and many exceptionable, things contain*^
therein; the pretended right of enjeuuing unferipturaj £ttcmoaie»;
the terms on which rainiflers are admitted into it; the want of liberty
In the people to chufe their own miniftcrs ; and the corrupt ilate oV
Its difciplitie.
'• Bolide the genera! arguments again ft miniflerial fublcripiioa, the
Writer, in the fclkion relative to that lubjed, offers the following
reafons to mew, that there arMes from hence an objection again2 the
conformity of the laity. Pirn, fays he, it is a fufficient reafouiar
lay-nnncorrformit}', that the Church requires fuch unreasonable a#d
unfcriproral terms of conformity from the clergy ; who aie «U
obliged to preach the fame doctrines, whether they think them right
"or wrong, or elfe break through the mort folemn obligations.- adit,
The temporal emoluments connected with thefe fubferiptionv ate £
•ftrong temptation to prevaricate, and tend to bring thofe men into
the Church who are moft unfit to have the charge of fouls ; as well
as to keep out forne of the moft confeienrious, who are be!! qunli£cd
"for filch a troft, jdly, It becomes all honelt men to bear their teni*
mony agalnfl every impoiition in matters of religion, though them-
pelves be not immediately afecled by it; and to. countenance and en-
courage thofe mi n tilers who, on account of fuch impositions, feparate
from the Church, — provided they have the neceflary qoalidcatjoos
for their office.
We obferve, that the Author hath not infilled upon doctrinal o>-
jceYions to"', the Articles of the Church of England, as Mr. Bourn has
done, and, ii» fo™c degree, -Mr. Towgood. Neither has he ad-
vanced any ofthe Prifiyitria* notions which occur in Peircc, Calamy,
.and other writers. His fole defign feems to have been, to give a
View of thofe principles in which the Diifcnters of every denomina-
tion, now almofl univerfally agree; and, for this purpole.he has
explained their idea of the natnre of a true Church of Chvift fcajfo
- wat more dillin&ly aad explicitly than ufual.
% in
Uoxtwi.y Catalcour, R£gavs, fifr. $\%
In fltott, (hi* perforsuaoce, which \> umtn with aucatioa, pre*
aad potpiciur. axal which atii'piiya great knowle4£«-of taut
fowJtC*, >« nttl o»kiiU'.cd to anftver tfcr parposc mfrmdri by lie
Wtitav <4«r» whoaooftarv to bo the Kw. Wr- 4i**utJ t'timct, ft
ettefcitung clerjc .
S. dmtfyim&tJtflittcfGrt. ftro. 6<L John too.
■ 77 J-
Tiff AaaaOf Of ihu Hfay ndeitticn Co • girr the Renlet fifth I
r.» of iae *)ivinc Juilice,— fucli ■ > repeeftat the fiscal God
&01 in a /tebi&JUg. bat ia u uiiibic and eadeaiaig light**
And rats be di>c> in uppomion to ih.uk four Chriitiam who haa* «)«*.
tVrthad ten attribute 01 the atelcy * ia rack xhffkt at tuppoard hi at
<Sti'po#£f :<i of every end raring excellency,-*- it iwclared htm not «ha
friend aad iather, bx the aacroleit tyrant of the nruede, afid u
14) think «pon bit holy name, tot with hope, cotthden&c, and
jot, bat avith alt the uemblifcg horruri of dri'paii.*
If the pofcion with u4i»ta> that writer tots oat be true, vs. Tin
own, ia tUliaeatiag the Divine auriba;ci hare geweraiiy blended
the* with their own tempers aad paiaoot,— wo ihaU be led to iorm
a very favourable <o*:iaa<>n. with regard to the difjmuiwn of our
i ii certainly a^ww/i«ok<( «nd he nadci-
t4<« to (new tbit ii i» alio jwrtcCUy arrccahlc to the idea girea ua
of it* Sajpaome c.c'tt.g ia the tarred w/intf *.
ia the ooociotion he anattt that hit doctrine of the infinite g*od
wfi tad mercy of God, will no* afford any kind of CTcouragcineiU
to fifu.cn . h«t (Kit. in the toejuary, thcic ccroJldcx.it ions i
alt thing*, lead them to repentance. For, fry* he. * though
Cod ii £factoej« flow 10 anger, and ready to largtve. yet tic
ftait, lake vuti^eaace cpoa hu adirexfiriet, upon thole who tiefpOed
hrs '-grate, atd rejected all the offer* of his mercy.' — In what snau-
acsroer Aathor rctoacilo thtlc fccaaistgiy jamas; principle*,
finite julliec and infinite nicies will be fccu by those wbo penile his
•flay « length : to which we rcfrr tUcm.— Por uj, after all ihit wc
have feen of human attempie to inseitigate thr Divine naivrc aod
pftfttbon,, we umaio where w* iet out, in the full con
/««e •fKiehlajuiin|>9 can nceer coBtonshcad ifjtor/l and thi
Young * f . >; 'Mutely iovoatroire*::
i Gob ikete can oomctihchd a Giia.H
Art. 3a- A Ctlrahm $/ Sermexr *ti Trafts. 5crer:l o/w/ifrji
ittrt never be*or« printed. By the late »oi tread anj Icim^iDr.
)t-hii Gill, I>.T>. ;, 444 ore&xfrd, *.
^riiinys, zed Cliaraikr >t. the Aaiavr. ate - ii jos.
in rL-^rsSe. Kavh 17
'itc Dr. Qill, a* a utclar, ind as adi
if lb w«II krown, that fff \\i. * a vtrf Jktr: accucot of tail pbblica-
U:<n snay laftlcc.
The n».ir roruncconili of #»»#*/, #eraisVW, ard^awW fcr-
aaaas ; the , of Uwiruuon ^traOA^ oolecalcal tr»;U, au-1
*;/#•>/*• of feaTiment, in rtJiaiOai mawers. betoken Dr.
:. rXetintn, ba'.h' oeeafiem!!)' bef^ eui
^c of thi#ceaie<Lt %ivd& tcaalhvT .—lit u now departee*.
aai
§ tft Mowthlx GATAiea ve, M»tb***thu
and we shall leave his wwki to follow £im icp«*ce, Hs fii 4-
learned, and a pious man ; aad his name will, no-donbtv'beiiwag.^
held in great revereace by chofc who think as. he thooghc, 0*1 tbedoo- ■
cripei oi the Trinity* EleSiom, Jwftijitativm* the Perjevenmc* tf tin ■:
faints , &C, &C. .. •:..;;>.-
Art. 33. The Englijb Preacher : or, Sermons on the. principal
Subjects of Religion and Morality. Selected, rcvifed, and abridged
from various Authors. Vols. 111. and IV. 121110. -6 s. jnhasfro.
"773- „ . .' . " :'■"" f-
Sec our eoznmendation of this ufcfol undertaking, in our No. fat
Julylau, p. 77.
M A T H I M A T I C Jh
Art. 34. An Ejfa on Gold Cein% &c. By Thomas Hattot>»
Author of a Treatife upon Clock and Watch Work. 8vcv 2 »
Printed for the Author, and fold by him at No. 49, ta 6t« Martar%
Lane. I773» --.**/
Mr. H, has employed himfelf in conftrucring a variety of /tables i!
and inftrumenta for ascertaining, with the defired accuracy, thewflssw -
of our several current coins. This pamphlet contains the priactptes
on which he has proceeded, and the various improvements he-hat
made in this bufinefi. — For his Treatife on clock-work, fee oar-taft
moath's Review. • * *■».'■?
Art. 35. Tnblet calculated with great Exa&nefs to find the
Value of any Quantity of Gold, from one Grain to fifty 'Ounces,'
from 3 1. to 1. co 4 1. is. per Ounce. By Cater Rand, Writ*
ing Matter and Accomptaat, at Lewes in Suffer. 8 to. r s. Ro- "
binfon. •'• •-
The calculation of thefe tables has been attended with mock' OsP
profitable labour. Cases wiH very rarely, if ever, occur, in which
any, befides four or five of them, can be applied to real ufe. '■''>
Art. 36. Inftitutts of Arithmetic, for the Ufe of Schools' •hd
Academies. By Alexander Ewing, Teacher of Mathematics' ib
Edinburgh, izmo. 2s. Cadell. •• .
All the principal rules of arithmetic are here comprifed in a fail!
compafs ; explained with judgment, and applied to a iufficierit vatfety
of examples for the inftructjon of the learner; fothat this booker
inftitutts may be an acceptable companion to thole that are employed':
in this department of education.
Art. 37. The Key to theTutor*s Guide; or, the AritfcrrfetfciarFs
Repository : Containing the Solutions of the QuelHons, &c. flat '"'
are in the Guide. By Charles Vyfe. izrao. 3s. Robinfon.
"773-
A very proper and ufeful companion to the Tutor* i'XSnide ; Tot
which fee Review, vol. xliv. p. 76.
Art. 38. A Geometrical Treatife of the Conic Sefliom, tfc* By* .
Hugh Hamilton, A.M. Fellow of Trinity College, Uublin, and
of die Royal Society, London. Tranflated from the Latin Origi-
nal into Englifh. 4to. 12 s. Nourfe. 1773.
The merit of this work has been long and generally acknowledged*
And as books of this kind in Englifh are rarely to be found,
thofe who have been dcuxous of acquainting thomfslve* with this "'■
verjr
Monthly Cataiooot, ift^jMHAMti 51}
rtry Snspoetant branch of mathematical frirnce. have laboured utedef
pccaiu/ difidraotago* The TranlKif»r'a motif u wa: a laudable
:nd an BnjHlb edition of* book (a much eltrcuied « Mr.
HtmSlti* 1, will Iw acceptable to many. As to tire tnnflatibn tefelf.
Bochiag need be added, but chut it feem* CO have been executed witk
judgoierst and accuracy.
ny among our aoathcraaiical Reader* ftand ia need of farther
iofWaMoon rcipcctiap the nature and menu cf Mr. Hamilton*! work,
wc may refer iliem to die particular account given of it iu lie Ipdl
roiom* otfour Kevicir, p. 400. ft/if.
M 1 5 c r 1 i. a w * o 0 s.
. ;o,. ST* /ityrVj e/ r**/ Ijh sf A&rtt from ibe carlicfl
Accounts to lie pr ; complied iVoiH the public Archive*
the I^.and, and other authentic Materials. By the law
Mr. Aol-. fevo. 5». trwed. Nteoll. 1771,
About thirty or forty years a£0, was pubTtfhrJ an HiRory of tho
We 0/ Man, by one VValdroo, a Clergyman; it was infctto'
rnsiWiWsicou* foUo» confining of poems and trafts ia pro!
forthe benefit or iKe aurhot'i widow ; bur neither the pof:'
pctitical traits, nor the hiftorr, were of any value to the r
Mr* \V«*crao"i account at" the lile of- Man, boTTrvrr, tmg
and terrify old women and children, by rhe flranee tronti iVac
( anoaJlcn. damon:, ■pparnitms, andothei fupcri
il iiiout trumpery, the oftpring of that blind and ilirvifn fubjeeiioa id
which ta* ijjuoraat natives were hold by the] '. But the
• hillory is too doil to afcerd much cpttruinroen: to ataji,
woroaa. or child ; an>l can be interelLins* " inhabitaaaaot"
the Ibtlefpot that l»th« 1'uVj- itTe
place avill, in course, five it, in their p;irtial clHrni:ian, a degree oj
smeonance, to vnich r*acVr», who arc tiUfled b\ no fueh connexeon*.
-soatwraUy be inCruh..:.
tboie wLo arc curiom in fearching into the hillory of Crerv
part of tVeBriblH dominion*, hoirever minute, the particular*
ire hoc fo dritj/ wr&J uaay perhaps atTord a t that
c expected. Here they will firxl a bnrf account ol tr>
, climate, foil, iuaabitaujU, trade, and gocrr*me&t of the Ulc
of Man ; with a cooctfo hillory oJ ill 6ffl ponVtJor*, its Kinfv
. &c. from the carltcft accounts, do*ia 10 the lain pur
of tic ilLaoU by the C roust uf Great Bri trauWica.
Mr Rok baa given a pankubr detail, including toe Jorual aclnd"
taneal pafted on 1 Uibfoqcei iooa, ia\
theyca/t 1 .nd 1771.
• In jaiticc to Mr. WaUron'* memcry »\c maft obferve, cjta* be
doe* not give thefr idle tnlei .-- fafow'ig tit He r«l*t<M
vabat *a> rel «tc I 08 the I'por, and fit y ;o :»
rrpeoach of tht>(* **ho gitt credit an! c-jua^rance to U„
ai»d * .'l:-Tir nonfenfe.
t The Dolce of A eh I ihc iilaud
for yc.c-c^ poundi, rcicrricg to hiaiicJf, Iwuercr, l.i- i«i>dcd %tv
pcr;y therein, a* Lord cf i>c Manor, ice. Ace
Arr.
jP4 SuuoH8.
Art. 40* Granny s Predi8iin revealed to the Wjdow $rady % of
' Drury-Uoe Theatre. By her RdajtiiH Mrs, Sharp- fet O'llnnocr.
AtQ. 2*. FolicgJby. 1773.
A previous ad ver life mem * to the Reader,1 is fubferibed srith the
sy*/ najue, at we fuppofe, pf * the Aushorpfi/ vis. BUk. 4 fras-
Mrx. Francfietti, or rtfr*. O'Bluqder, complains of the peat
wrongs and flagrant injustice, which, it QiouW Teem, flic fcas tef*
tained at the hand* of the celebrated a£trei"s who, laJi wittier, (9
agreeably entertained the public, in (he character of the Iri& Wi-
dow.
Thii performance is a Grange kind of motley invp&irei fosse
parts of it feem intended to move the Reader'* companion 1 while
other* appear to aim rather at exciting bis riftfulity , By an afeflttjea
of plcafantry, and farcaftic humo.Br-* — Qn the whole, we frankly ac-
knowledge, that we know not what to aiaJae of this publ'catroo.
Poffibly the mind of the unhappy Writer has beco fo rap what deranged
\>y diftrefs and ill-treatment, real or imaginary ; and, if fo, fLe y
every way entitled to pity.
Art. 41, Art Apology for tbt Cstiduti of Mr. Char Us Mmxk&*%
Comedian 8vo. 11. Axtell.
The rubbish of the newt-papers, cartod of. Mr. Macjtlin hat
advextifed that he was not the fcavenger.
Art* 42. The Art of playing at Skittles ; or, the Laws of Nine
Pine. By A. Jones, E^. izjno. is. WiUrje. 1773.
Burner Somiro Jomt is, in our opinion, greatly to be profaned to
S E R M ' Q N S.
L Ritbttomfiufs tbt smoam Fotnittio* of /&iom*t SicurUj, jbtfUtm,
mmd Hafpintfu—kt Richmond, Sorry* Oft. rain, I/7J. sty
Qeorge Laughtoa tD.D. 6 d . Law.
ft. Tb* JC—wMp of muif**l frfitju* ,m*4 DoUvtruwttt t+mmfmttd M
tbt rifimr Gorurit to*. —At Dr. Mayo'i Meeting- place. Nor. {,
1773 1 for the Benefit of the NiijMio£*le-laae Charny-fcbooL Jb
N.Hill. 6d. Buckland.
JU. At St. Mark's, Oxford, July 6, 1773, on occafion of jhe Aoii-
verfary Meeting of the Governors of the Radclifie Infirmary. By
William Lord BiJhop of Chafler. 1 s. Cadell, .
JV. Mimijfort dtfcribtd undtr tboCfar*$ors of Fathers ond Prophets,
and /bar Death intfrovod. — Preached to the Mioi&ers and MeSeot-
eers of feveral ajfeiattd Cbmrtbot, ox Beihefda, near Newport, is
the County of Monmouth, Jane 9, 1773. By Hugh Evans, M. A.
Poblifhed at the Requeft o( the AAembly. 6 d - Keith, &c
0*9 The Litters from CoaatspoNosATs rtctived tbit Month, art «
it motseod mt tbo End of our Arr-s kdi x , ifibkb v/ili ht fnklijhtd 'w$
#i»RfiYiiw/#r jAMVAar, ath/ual.
APPENDIX
TO t rr p.
M O NT T II L Y REVIE VV,
V •> L U N K the F o x r Y - K I W T H«
^ N' LiTtRATLi! I-..
!.
-geto foil* of France, the
1 C : id neu- OW:
i Srr-
li. Am.'tenbaft. 1^3.
1^-HESE toJumr* mrf. + of a fenrr of Lrttm wiittcii by
tticAuth Js, J-jrfng hij RdMcncc in the
.nt(^ihe rprjv .it they eon -
The n.-kti
id iti prefc rf*
i>l», are nfpei
lh which
he prJccth »g;in.1 thv uf the poor i * I
tntff nd alrry- » «> i*c in-
i • •• i m«n» of
-
BKrftW* Jv n-jt l ieu\ in thcif
. . i.-. '
quality- which n? wtfWol trt*
\oU OOght Sovartt,— ftbi JcfcfijrtJvn. It is in propo«>an
to thefc that r«4t wiH liftwftji b oo) ar
bad j ifctl ric's acco. ...J, u*.
c*ee<f. hit nrhc ■ prindp/ r.
•v.iinto: th< It-'-nn it tn - M elastic chan-
nel, is DioR trcnrr.d'jus ! It ia liocnblr, hcjoad ct;
Rky. App. Vvl. xlix. L I \N*
5 1 6 A Voyagt t$ the JJU */ Fronts* Cfc
We fecit ; we ire in the ftofrn ; thunders that more than ftwi
the ear, — that dun the foul ! the dark depth of night admitting
dreadful avenues of day through the almoft inceflant lightning!
the mortal wave, feen advancing through this infernal medium,
in fhape and bulk a monftrous mountain, its head in the ikies,
fcaled on its heaving fides by fmallcr hills, — feen ftill advancing ;
'tis— death and horror ! 'tis upon us ! — We want fe a -terms
to give the minutia of the Voyager's defcription, but fuch arc
the ideas it excites in us.
One would naturally fuppofe that it muft be fome very de-
firable port that could induce a man to encounter the horrors
of the Mofambic ; but the Ifle of France is a miferable place.
Wc fcarce need to inform our Readers that it is the fame ifland
which, in the poffeflion of the Dutch, was called Mauritius;
and that, when they obtained a fettlement at the Cape, they
left it. France took the refute, and, in her genuine fty/e, gave
the ragged portion the name of one of her mod beautiful do-
meftic provinces, the Ifle of France, where ftands the glorious
city of Paris, the fountain-head of polite nefs, of the Btaux Arts
and the BtUes Ltttra!
It is not worth while to detain our Readers with a minute
account of a region, of which Nature feema to have taken as
account ; for all her productions here are of the maewift
Gtxit:
No bird of fong to chear the gloomy defert I
No animals of gentle loves enliven !
It is an obfervation of tbe good Plutarch, who was ever fpeak-
ing and thinking well of the intentions of Providence, that ihe
contraft of good and evil in life, Hke difcords in muGc, is pro-
ductive of harmony. Instruments, it muft be owned, are com-
mon, but fkilful muficians are few. The poor inhabitants of
the Ifle of France feem to find but little harmony in their cntrtfl.
This Ifle, wc learn, when frit mfcovered by Mafcareynas,
Was uninhabited. The firft French that made any eftablith-
ment upon it, were fome Bourbon planters ; who carried with
them great fimplicity of manners, good faith,. hofpitality, and
even an indifference about wealth. But when the ifland
came to be confidcred as a medium for the Indian commerce,
people of all characters reforted to it. The laft war brought
an inundation of bankrupts, ruined libertines, and chests;
who, (kiveu by their crimes out of Europe, and out of Afia by
the misfortunes of France, here attempted to repair their
finances out of the public ruin*
Difcord, Jays our Author, now reigns among all ranks, of
people, and has banifhed fiom this ifland that love, of focittji
which one would have expc&ed to have found araq^ga body of
1KB
A /V/' * «*" #' c/Pratur, tfh
$*T
men fhut out from the reft of tho world, in a (mail ifland, « at
- trcrnitrcs of the earth.*
Thelruth, ourTr. or*, :3, that thi* people, ■ com-
pound of different not [t one another rnoft ovdiallv*.
Iiing it in tllrmation here hit trxHag. To deleft be a B
nle, they tell >ou, he i* mm kimm* fa% one who Itnowc how
.h y» tn. ■ TMi COmpMffMM Of craft, Curdy, can I
only foxea. All croft if criminal ; but to that foajfctt wh
cVcms it an eflim^ ; ir.uft be in the Hghfft decree
petnicKmi.
I The people here arc totally Infenfiblc 10 eve*/ thing that
CWftimm the happine*'* of an hon«(l man. No taft* for teu
ot the fine ato. The fcntimcucs of Nature are utterly M
praved. H Fran.-e has their regret*, it i« nn: ai chetr court fry
that (he has them, ii k tor her opera, aa>d the gnli of the
town. Keen the rciattt-e arTeclion* 0« e*r^ga«erf, 1 w«
rxfent at the funeral of a perfon of i net in the placA
faw not one fign oi t Vtttw or fall) ii Hi brother- In law
car deftly remark*- that the pave wat not dwp enough.
4 1 Terence cx< : rcrjf lljngaround them. The
frreets and the cowls are neither paved noe planted. Their
bouk- are h od than one might catfy awar upon a
wheelbarrow. T1 nerrher glafa nor eurtaffll ;
anii it ij not in all ihefe IrieJs (hat ycu meet w iih a few poor
moveable*.
c The laty inhabitants meet, noon and erening, to flockjob,
and abufecach either. There :uc i>ut few married t/ronle in the
place. I bofe who ac not rich excuft tiitrnfrlvea on that ae-
i u Others aUedgc rjein France j
b«t the Facility oi finding rmltrciTe* among the nriro wenehca
h tl>c real caufc. Moreover there ii hardly any tech
an adrantageocf ma:eh. A girl with ten thoufand Franki II a
rarity hard to be met with.
• The married people live upon their plan-
tation*. < never come to town except to dance or
ep EahVr. Ofdal I y ate pafl] imiJ. Wl
a ball i* rot tried, they II pOllBMUiMf a fcin.1 dt*
litter*, fixed on long bamboo*, which four bUeka cony on
their fhouldera. The/ are i «!■ wed by four more, for a relay. —
'I here is no pofittvlity oi uftng wheel-carnages, ior want of
roa<i
women, in general, we art told, have but liti'e eel
they arc wd*. mai!- » ni are hartdfbmr. Phcy
have naturally a pood "*' <■< w«1 *"*> ' ' '-cation were
not neglceled, their foelety w«>aM be very agreeable, i.
tn* Author, * 1 h«* known lad tea who could not read, m*
thej i>, w'nen they come to town, a ati-.ub.-t
LI x 01
Ji8 A V*fl* U tht IJU of Franc*, ktti
of followers, the ml ft re flea of families, excepting at the* ball-
times, care not how feldom they fee them. When they aflcm-
ble, they do not enter into converfation. Each has foine pecu-
liar pretention to fupcriority, either on account of the fortune,
the employment, or the birth of her hufband. Some claim it
on the fcore of youth and beauty. An European lady thinks
herfelf fuperior to a Creole, and the latter frequently regards
the former as an adventurer. In fpite of calumny, £ believe
them to be more virtuous than the men, who but too com-
monly leave them for the black flaves. Female virtue, in fucfa
a region as this, is fo much the more laudable, as it owes little
to education. It has, moreover, the warmth of the climate
to contend with, fometimes the indifference of hufbands, and
.frequently the ardour and prodigality of the young mariners.
If therefore the African Hymen has any complaint of infideli-
ties, the fault lies with us, who have carried the manners of
France beneath the tropic of Capricorn.
In their domeftic capacity, the women are represented as
poflefTed of many eftimable qualities. They are very fober, for
they hardly ever drink any thing but water. They are remark-
ably neat in their cloaths. Their drefs is muilia, lined with rafe-
coloured taffetv. They are paflionately fond of their children,
who run naked about the houfe almoft as toon as they are born.
No barbarous bandages ; they often bathe them, let them eat
fruit at discretion, and never teaze them with ftudy, or cha-
grin.. In a little time they grow ftrong and robuft. The na-
t"ial temperament difcovers itfelf in an early maturity. I have
feen girls here married at eleven.
Education, we are informed, is here conducted on the Ample
principles of Nature ; or rather it is a blind purfuit of Nature,
without any principle, which would leave them entirely igno-
rant of every thing; but the vices of the negroes, which thej
imbibe with their milk, and the capricious tyranny they exercue
from their infancy over thofe poor wretches, furuifh them with
all (he depravities of fociety. To remedy this evil, people of
fortune fend their children betimes into France, from whence
they return with vices of a more civilized and lefs dangerous
nature.
There are, it fecms, in the ifland, about an hundred wo-
men of a certain profeffion. Of thefe there are not more than
ten in the town. Towards evening you vifit them at their
houfes, en J4v* eu Vm ftnnuii. Precifely at eight a gun is fired,
and every man departs to fup at home.
Our fpirited Traveller employs his twelfth letter entirely on
the negroes. The interefta of humanity are concerned, and
wc fhall fuifer him to plead them in his own way :
c Among
S
A J'cy.oS/ n eh, I/h if From, fefr.
51
• Among the reft of the people of this island are the Indiam
and the negroes. Th arc the MaJaSars, of a gemla
and tradable Jif|iu:: I "ncfe come from Pondtcherrr, and
Jet themfelves to hire for a number of years. I'hev are almoit
ill artificers. The/ lire in a fuburb called Biaclc'* FteWa [Camp
atejVwVy.] They are of a deeper tinft than the i Handera of
rVIadagalcar, who arc the genuine negroes ; but their features
are as regular « ihofe of the European*, and toeir hair is not
friraleJ. They are very iobcr, good oecononniRy, acd remark-
ably fond of* i Ik: women •• They wear a turban on their brads,
and long reuilm gowns, large pold ring* in tneir care, and U\-
ver bracelcu on their w rifts. Sornc cithern let thernfclvet to
people of faftiion in qu.ihey or Pr.xi, a kind of domelhc like our
running footmen, except that he doe* all his offices with £icat
gravity and fobriety. By way or" drfHnftioJl, he carries a cane
in his hand, and a poniard at his girdle. It were to be wifhed
that fomc cofifidcrablc number of Malabar* were fettled on the
ifland, particularly in the labouring ccpartment ; but I never
fuw nnc Mat would apply himfclf to agriculture.
• Toe b employed m cultivation are chiefly
from Mdrgafcar. You ma/ j> irchafe a man foe a barrel of
gunpowder, tirclocki, nets, and efpecially for fuyires. The
bigheft price is never nflrt than fifty crowns.
4 Tlii negrotaof Madagafcarbaveneitherfucfctlat note*, nor
fuch dark comptcxions as the ( iuinea negroes. There arc fomc
of them mere B*wm$% others, the Balarnboos particularly,
have long hair. 1 have fecrl Jnd reds. They arc adroit,
intelligent scalable of honour and gratitude. Tbe greatrft in-
fuh )©* can exerciie upon a black, u to do an injury to hi* fa-
mily ; they arc not very fcrdible of pcrfoiial injuries. In their
own count'? they apply themfelves to many [for* handicrafts
with great indultry. Their Zagmye, or half-pike, is very v.
forced, tbouch they hive ao:rrng but itoeci for their anvil and
their hammer. Thai lioCfh which ;h:.r w.'.mcn weave, i*
fine, and well coloured. They thnvw it over their (boulders
in a graceful manner. Their ncods arc in o very ordeily and
regular ffifurt, eifpofed in curls -nd treuVs urtrh great art;
and this is the talk or the women,. They axe p.iifionatery fond
of dancing and mufic. lirumetw hf the Tamtam, a k<rd
of bow, to which a calibalb it fitted. They draw from it a
foft kind of harmony, accompanied with fa ;ir own
• By oar Traveller's leave, wr have knowe, in Knpland. 6rvaT.tr
from MjiUoir, who in their f-erfcoi, ir.d**!, |*rt<.:ilv aDUvered the
defenptio* he gives, but in manners were the refers? ; for they
were teniicr remarkable for fbbrutty, uccoQOm), our funduvfs of
women.
L 1 J c«i*d\**»
j 10 * A Vqagt to tbt Iflt fif France, &fo ,
compoGtion. Love is always the iubjec*L The girl* 4inte
to the fongs of their Jove/s. The fpedtators beat time, and
applaud the performance.
* Thefe poor pcopic arc extremely hofpitable. A black,
when oo hisjourney, goes into the nrft houfe that fuits his
exigency, and, though unknown, the family (hare their provi-
fions with him. He is neither afksd whence he comes, nor
whiiher he goes. Jt is the cuftora of thejr country.
* With iuch arts and fuch manners they come to the Ifleof
France. They arc fee on (bore naked, except a rag that co-
vers their loins. The men are ranged on one fide, and the
women on the other, with their little children, who cling about
the mother through fear. The planter examines the whole,
and purchalcs fuch as fuit him. Brothers, fitters, friends, lo-
vers, are feparatcd. They take leave of each other with tears,
and depart for the plantation. Sometimes they are feized with
defpair, and imagine that the whites are going to eat them,
that they intend to make red wine of their blood, and gunpow-
der of their bones.
* Jn this manner they are treated : At day-break, three
cracks of the whip arc the fignal that calls them to work. Each
man appears in the plantation with his mattock, where be
works almcft naked in the heal of the fun. Their food ii
ground maize boiled in water, or bread of the manioc. Their
cloathing is a fcrap of linen. For the leaft -neglect tbey are
bound hand and foot on a ladder. Their commander, armed
with a pollution's whip, {lands, over them, and gives them,
on their nuked pjfteriors, nfty, an hundred, or two hun-
dred lathes. Every la& brings off a portion of the fkin. The
poor wretch, covered with his blood, is then let loofe. An
iron chain is put round his neck, and he is dragged back to bis
work. Some of thefe miferable creatures are not able to fit
down for a month after. The women are punifhed in the fame
manner.
« When they return at evening to their hurs, they arc made
to pray to God for the profperity of their mailers, and, before
tbey go to refl, they with them a good night.
■ There is a law made in their favour, cajled the Black
Code. This law ordains that at each punifhment tbey (bait
receive no mote than thirty lafhes ; that they fhall not be
obliged to work on Sundays ; that they {hall have their proii-
fions .wcJtly, their Hurts yearly; but this law is" not obferued.
Sometimes, when they grow old, they are turned adrift to get
their living as they can. One day t faw one of them, who was
■nothing but {kin and bone, cutting fome rteih from a dead
.korfe to eat. it appeared to be one ikcleton devouring another.
6 * When
* Wben the Europeans fccoicd arFcch-d, the iulul
them t%at, they diJ not know the black* ; that, they wercfueli
i:tona, thej would go cue by ni^ht tj ftc.t! pro*
from the nei ont; (o larv, tbit
thev were totally regardlefi of the rntercfrs mail t /I i
ana tbit their wives were the in;> . w -etched muchm,
foaght rather to have abortive than honeft births.
4 Ti' -. arc b a to rally nf ajo.oai temper, hirt after
(bmc yean &t flavcrj thev | row n ela Love fcfbne feems
to be the folacc of their firSfcrinjt. They will Jo any
Set a woman. They generally p-efer thoft tnat ha '.he
fft OagC .. !e mitit fjr, I
fentt. TTsey £»i e their i rni*>fc<t
i the hariJ"; of another ?tan:cr, tncj will »o three or rbdr
Jcj^ae* by n .lit Iwr. When thev arc in tore they
r.cr regard rati^uen^r p'irMrrrrnW. I btyhai -, occ;ihonillr»
their miHnijrht it; Ther dance beneaih the (hefter of
fomc rock, to the 'Mc^anrwily iluni • I wiih peafe*
Bui nan, or ttc bark of ado£,
end to riitfr noeWnal aiT:-nb!tea.
* The) have their 6op too. It \i well known that thefc
animal*, even in il t fttghr, know not on!;, ie«,
bat ercri the do£i c uemoft I
of and Iferfton to them : And ho*! a* they Sjrp m.
Their attachment* arc ic blacks and their abet*
- other bai i, ih? dog* belonging t:. ftetj
adopt the fentimenta of their mailers, and, on the leatt figrtal,
ft)! with fury on the flavw.
* In (hort, when theft wretched negroes an no longer fap-
pon tbeir condition, the. ne of tSrrti
put a period r<j their livei by poifon or tlie halter. Other*
thro into fbnte petty b . :. . •
eompaf*, provifinns. In this m rmard a
pafiajc of* two hundred leagues, to return to I I
have known them land, be rcuken, < -tjrncd to Uieir
matter*.
* In general they take refuge i:i the wood
runted imetitl of foldiert, n
there ure who make* on fuch
They are attacked with the fpe ■< Ike •- 1
cannot be reached this way, they li
cutoff, and they are carried in • . ihv f>ivn on ttfe
pole. Thn is what i h-ivr i
* When a fagittvc negro
and it whipped. On a lecond deretti l» shipped, U:«
one bam ftrun*, and a chain fattened jjoxii his neck. On a
L I 4 Thi*
Wrttre thev are
11 d«v
■
n th:v
52 J J Vwi* u *1* V' »fPr*nar Wr.
third he is hanged ; but this feldom happens, the mailers being
l^nwilling in general, en fuch a fcorc, to lore their property.
* I h~ve fecn them lunged and broke alive. They went to
their punifhment with pleafure, and fu poor ted it without com-,
plaint, 1 have fcei) a woman throw hcrfelf voluntarily from
the ladder. They cry that in another world they frail find a
happier life, and that the Father o* mankind is not sq
UNJUST AS MEN ARE.
* They have occafionally the confolations of religion proposed
to them, and are, from time to time, baptized. They are told
that they are made brethren of the whites, and (hall go to
heaven. But they hardly know how to believe that the Euro?
peans fhould conduct them to heaven, whilft they are, they
fay, the caufe of all their furTerings oa earth. " Before ihtte
Europeans came among II us, fay they, wc fought, only with.
flicks, but they have taught us to kill at a diltance with fire
and balls \ they have introduced war and difcord among us,
that they may buy flaves cheap. Wc followed without fear the
in ft "met of Nature, but they have brought terrible malacie^
amongft us, which makes it now even dangerous fo to do.
They frequently refufe us nccciLry meat and cloaths, and beat
us cruelly without a reafon."' Of this I have feen many in*
fiances. A Have, almoft white, threw herftlf one day at my
feet. Her miflrrfs made her rife early aud watch late. Iffbe
chanced to fleep, fhe rubbed her mouth with ordure,- tnd if
the dtd not lick her lips, flic commanded her to be whipt, She.
begged of me to folic it her pardon, which i obtained. Some-
times the matters of thefc wretches grant fuch requetts, and
within two days double their puniihment, reckoning in tale of
Jaihes what they had profvfleiily forgiven. A counfellor, of
whom fome blacks had complained to the governor, allured me
that, though they were exempted fiom punifhment that da/,
the next he would have them dead from head to foot.
* I have daily beheld men and women whipt for having
broken a pot, or forgotten to Ihut a gate, their bloody limb*
afterwards rubbed with vinegar and fait to heal their;. I have
fecn them, in the excefs of their anguilh, unable to cry any
longer. — I have fecn them bite the cannon on which they were
bound. — I iicken at the recital of thefe, horrors — My eyes aeb
with feeing them — My cars with hearing them ! Happy youf
When the town gives you offence, you retire to the country;
your eye is delighted with beauteous plains, hills, hamlets, har-
vefls, vintages, a people that dance and fing;— images, at leair,
of happinefs ! Here \ fee poor negro-women bending o'er their
fpades, their naked children bound upon their backs, miferablc
creatures that tremble as they pafs before me. Sometimes, per-
haps,
A Vwjcrt 19 tht Ifit if France ft* $% J
baas, 1 bear at diflancc the found of their tambour, but more
frequently the found of whip? crrcktog in the tU like the report
rt i piftot, and the heart-rending cries of Mikcy, Alajitr>
IrfxnoY ! — It I fly to foliiudea, I find MtfetT among rugged
rocks, mountains that lift tlicir inaccdhblc fummits into the
clouds, and torici.t; . honibTy into the abyfs beneath,
XVmdt that howl through fcva«e defarts, the fallen found of
wa» the fliorcs, the vaft ocean rolling iij
ftupendous wateo CO region* iinknnwn tn human ri iqufry ;— all
thefc objt*£b ferve bur to cherilh the melancholy ideas or fcclu-
fiOfi from fociety, and of exile.
* /\ *\ i kn< '.(her corTce and fugar may be ncccf-
fary to the happincfc '. . but I know that they have been
Che foorce of mifery to two quarters of the globe. America
was depopulated to obtain room for planting, and Africa was
^JcpopuUictJ to furnifli Waves for the culrivi
« VVc arc told that it i> our intcrcft rather to cultivate fuch
ccrnmoditiet at are became nctcftary to us, than purehifc them
of our neighbours, J5« as carpenters, tilers, nutans, and
other European artificer* cm, in their (<rvera\ countries, purfuc
tliLir bulincfs in the hctt of the lun, why ihouW wc not have
white labourers here } But won then, you will fay, would be-
come of the proprietories ? — They would grow richer. A plan-
ter with twenty farmers, would be iu good circumftanccs.
th twenty lines ho is poor. They reckon here twenty
thoufand jlavis- Or' thefc an eighteenth part arc renewed an-
nually; fo that the colony left to itfelf, would in eighteen year*
be totally exhauflcd. So true it it, that population depends on
Jiherty and property, and that injuilJce \\ the wnrft o-oonon
* U will be alleged tint the btACK Coo£ was institute/ in
their favour. Be ir fo r the fafCTityof tfaefa mtftcn JKU ex-
ceexJa the allotted punishments; and their avarice withholda
the provision*, the rcpufc, and rewards, that arc their due. If
the uufortunatt creatures would complain, to whom can they
complain i Trer; judges we* often their grcateft tyrants.
* It is alledged that, Without feveritv, it is impclEble to ma-
nage the Oaves : you mutt ha*e punifhments and pain;, iron
collin with three hracesf, whijis, block* to hind thrni in by
the foot, and chains to go round their necks. They rouSr, in
{hart, be treated like beam, that the white* may live like men.
* Cm wc wonder at reafoning like this t Where there ir in-
juftirc in (be principle, tlicrc niuft be inhuman-.ty in the con*
feqaence.
* But it is not enough that thefc poor wretches are given up
to the avarice and cruelty of the mo(t deprived of mankind.
They rauft be the fport likewife of tlicir fophiitry.
526 A Veyegt H thiljk ef Franct% &c.
We expected a more ample account of the I fie of Bourboa,
as a place of more confequence than the Ifle of France, and
containing at Kafr Ave thoufand Europeans and Gxty thoubod
negroes. But it is only glanced at incidentally.
There feems to have been a wonderful fimplrcity of manners
among the ancient inhabitants of this lair- named ifland. Their
fcoufes were, for the moll part, unfecured.- A lock was even a
curiofity among them. They put their money in a tortohe-metl
that flood over the door- They went barefooted. Their dreii
was a kind of blue linen, ond tlieir food rice and coffee. The?
had fcarcc any thing from Europe. They were contented to
live without luxuries, provided they were not without ncceaa-
rics. This moderate economy of life had all its attendant vir-
tues, honefty in commerce, and a liberal principle in all pro-
ceedings. It" a ftrangtr landed upon the iflaud, the inhabitants
came of their own accord to offer him their houfes.
* The lad war in India made feme alteration in their man-
ners. The volunteers of Bourbon diftinguifhed ihemfcWes by
their bravery : but the fluffs of Afia, and the military diftinc-
tions of France, were introduced into their ifland. The chil-
dren, richer than their parent?, looked for more refpe&. Tbcy
loft the inclination for a life of happy ignorance. Inftead of
cultivating union of families and rural repofe, they went to
Europe in quell of pleafures and honour*. The fathers fend
their fons to France, from whence they feldom return ; and
from France they reckon that about five hundred female adven-
turers have come to the ifland in hopes of getting hu (bands,
and have grown old in all the honours of virginity. *
In our Traveller's account of the wild animals that range ths
country about the Cape of Good Hope, we find tbe following
obfervation, confirmrd by the tcftimonyof M. de Tolback the
governor, M. Berg the chief magiftrate, and the principal in-
habitants. We have all imaginable refpeft for the teftimom/of
his excellency the governor, and for the veracity of the wor-
fhipful chief magiftratc, and of the principal inhabitants, at the
Cape ; and our Readers, no doubt, will give to this account all
fhe credit they can afford :
* At the diftancc of fixty leagues from the Cape are a prodi-
gious number of young goats. I have feen them in the Com-
pany's menagerie. They have two littl* Brockets \ on their
heads. Their hair is yellow, with white fpots. Thefe ani-
mals feed in fuch immenfe numbers, that the foremoft troops
devour the whole verdure of the country, and grow exceed-
ingly fat ; whillr thofe that follow find hardly any food, and
f Pikes.
arc
A r^H* " * V* tf Fr**"* to* f *7
tr« remarkably lean. Jo : hc-.e vafl herds thes much till they
arc (topped by a tiuin of mounl ni tltey g>» back, and
ibafc behind, rantling fttA ., recover ihnr uVD), w.
reft, that were fo«cmo:i in the full tout, lose wfrtt tticy
bad gained. Tfcefc innumer able armies, which can never be
umed, or rtdttced into different ncnJs, are *1 way* fj! lowed by
large troop* >*ature had he*« careful Co
provide a fubiiikerrce ior the moft ferocious animals. There is
no rcj'on ta doubt the renrity of the pcrfbn. I have named,
taut tncre are ad ici of Jiont in the interior part* of
Af; icover, this account is confntiK\l by hiflory. Po-
J y feus telle as, that, be n$ with Scipio in Africa,' be Uw * great
number of 1 1 upon erotics, to keep the reft from in-
lying thr viliagei. Pornpey, according (0 PUr-y, hid fix hun-
dred in combat at 0
* Tl <* which Pcerm to have refcrved
Africa for the ufc of the biutc creation i aad that u the want
of water, whiLft h;.» rucrcutcd the Incicafq of r:
However extravagant and fai thcOricntal tafte for or-
nament may, >n foruc rci'pc£ls, be thought, (he idea which our
Author gires ui of a Chinefc garden is by no meaas urpleaf-
ing ; and pcriccliy accords, in fever a) particulars, with the ac-
count given by S;r W. C larnberi :
* The pccpleof China, fays he, generally chufc their garden-
ground on the bo .; ta
the ground that ;* moA irregular, where thcte i ccs,
large Tixk« and mounts. They include the -a hole wi:b fences
of unhewn rocks, thrown one upon another in the rood carc-
ledaiul irregular man iter, lb that no juucluic oi arrangement
fhould appear. Oat ot'tuefe grow tufts of harttlongue, bunches
of blue and purple flowers, and lines of rnofi of all colours. A
i! line of water circulates amony; theicgc-abie*, frn-n whence
it makes its way in drops, or little fells from the rods. Thus
rise fence, which wi ta j hut a dry wall, breathes
e whole inc!u:urc.
* If there he any natural Cavity in die ;
converted into a lake, Ibred with ftfh, bordered with turf, And
untied with trees. They carefully avoid crcry thing that
bis the air of fquarrt or linet — No appearance ol nufonry,
The hand of m think, fpoiU the t.mplicity of Nat
* The plain »» irrterfperied with tufu of dowers, and U
meadows, where, here and there, you bcholJ fruit troe* lifmg,
of different kinds. The tides of iHe niMunts arc planted with
clumps or fruit and flowering fl<i are ctowncd
with the naott luxuriant trees, whofc tufted ' n a ca-
nopy for shcii mafler,
■ Tfcm
Clemfnt'j Utttn r> Viktor*.
1 There are no rccTilinear avenge* that difcorer to rm il
rsce, hut rsfy winding parbi that Hing (krva
your eye fuctcfivci/. No'ftatirei! no tifclcf* vafes ! but wets
h with rich grapes, or bufhri of rofes* Sometrmct n»
find carved on the l>ar it of an orange tree an agrccabk ftaoaa,
nt on forncold rock.
4 J chard, nor a part, nor i fas
tcrre, Luta mr/ ,,-. /, ttjuiitgitl ih< air juidafpec^of tbecoca?-
\ i t vi hai nr> more idea of a regular garden ttesstr"
.! (quart tn nj traveller teUijoti thit it h with rrpaesta
leaves th< LtX*
Wc mutt now rake leave of our verv fcnfib!e Author, by »
means unnirafed w i It lh« entertainment he has affnnfrd so; or
unaftceled by the ifeYcriptton which he boa given of the
of our fcllow^creaturej.
Art. IK
ItiTt- . t: ... «v I &c— Lenten to Vohairr, tyslCse-
messt. 8vo. pjjij. 1770.
HF'RE is no writer of the present aoe, whole wofkrfcjw
been fo generally read atnJ . is cbofi of Voftm.
i K the younp;, th< r . : t.a isr
politician» the fpctuUiive , 1 and I of *
worlJ; readers, in a woid, of ei , and ot c*ery do-
ratter, find much cntcrtair.tncnt, and msnr things to aduairtfc
thi-m. Ir C3MUM be denied, however, rhat, though thrrr itaaoct
to admire, trie re is likewifc much to blame in bis witaep,
thai lie hi) contributed yrratly, cfpexiolljr in France, » tar
prevailing depravity ba:h of tafte and manners % that be >
far from being a perfect model in any unfcrfrtm*
and that no writings arc more ©bvioufly calculated than hs*> to
piomoic a fpirit ofubcitMiifin and ir.fidd.
A critical enquiry, therefore, into the cbirafler of WnaSaaf
Voltaire, confidcring him as a port, a dramatic writer, ssvkiio-
rian, &c. carried on by a man of taftr and grni.ir,
of proving agreeable to every friend (o literature, goodratsr,
and pcoi rnoi
'Hie Author of the letters before us fceitu extremely we.
2 or conducting fbcb an en 1 fur as wrrin^
nrr. that part 0! the work which is al? fles**-
Icttcr*, to en! estiva W
Voltaire'* work itfc a tU v *te thetn,
flic* that h by no mean?,
iriafter of French li;rraturean -^isWt^
rowing corruption of tafrc in F»- •
imj and to printout the rmmciousblcmlft.
ttl
ert'i Lttteti :
5*9
cal production* • bt^Tnilhr^ wrrch. he ';yf, are r. •*■:«• too pjif.
fioa foe &
geniuft. Of live pro . however, he pro-
pufo, out of icnJcfucfs to bi fl. '^C no n :r are
only fit, Jfidofd, :*cr*
tine, and the debauchee, ^rncron: .texf a*?ycr-
Ury9 Mr. C. MiaeVl him In hil thorn It work* of bis
better Jays, when bb t cniuj was m ir< Ml bloom «nd \igr>ur.
Oar Aiiifwr'* letter *'<• puhliftiH occifian.-. ihrcf
firll we hive I .-.■•. great ptrahitr Irtm the
pcruf*! of tlfern. In (he firf!, M. Clone; it cotiSdcia Voltaire's
literary politic., and the influence thry have had upon the carle
an J rnanncis of the present ape Such R« :; are con*
French writers, w My pAevf'cd
wi: > his part of tSc work, a* it throw* mar . uoon the
EHiMophkal And littrary hiftory I 1 ferret,
ore-hand, co iUuilratc many ihfogi e->« arc occafionallf nitn-
noned in the fubfi^DCni ktl
When you rn Gift jppearanc- on- :* theatre.
fajrt our Author, adorcillnj Voltaic trc
great men of the '*rt a.;c were to t^etr gc*tt<> ; bu -ne-
'ACtc highly !■ , and there \v
happy gflaiu'es w0° '■ :1 t*3* rid *''''" TIt<* d'irabio
t tna i" :. at
}, fecim-d to be of the fame opinion ; 2nd roar fi*l> tu^ed r,
ithftanding its ..
j thai d ; r»r,d led ttv
enter.. >ou woula Tarp.fs, or at Irate equal Cor-
tieilV Mid Rarinr i:i the m. .|r rcer ; oat
n no 1.; ; ■-■' ; . ' •', i: )Onr
j-piexe.
fuceefs, at your firft fettin^ out, great and cefened j*
nee, wrA
toe ittoft extttvacsnt hope*. You BO rr*2de the <a-n«
effort* co ucij, w nil firm and Ready lie,)?,
model* -, but :yof your
'loo much ■ . .. . ■ c you
1 foJ-
lowtd )our Oedipus, had either nofucccCs « all, 0/ m:t with
thai COM reception whteh the.* drier*
: policaTed of takntt for trefy
{becks of con I 1 , yon afptrtd w - 1 .-inarch y of
ParnaJtaj ( and, in order to fupport fuch ixbrtioun. pretentions,
you I t-j diJcrcnt -nriiu. T rattdrhe
tjfte of the fl c lo be withdrawn fronT th.^rV mafter-
piccci which were its delight, anJ the inortcft way dTatrainin^
this end was to difpau^e them. But aVu,V4.» n^\ vi** *«*"•*.
S3* Clement'* Ltttert toFdtairn
openly } artful management was neceffiry. .There were -Sill
left fome pcrfons of diftinguifbed abilities who were warm ad-
mirers of thofc great men whom you wanted to difcredit, and it
would neither have been fafe nor prudent to provoke £uch for-
midable adverfaries. Accordingly, you commended* at firft,
with a very prudent modefty, both the great mailers of ami-
Juity, and thofe of the glorious age of Lewis the Fourteenth,
t was your bo aft that you took thefe for your models* jou
acknowledged their aftonifhing fupcriority ; but, on the. other
hand, you loft no opportunity of turning them into ridicule,
and of endeavouring to corrupt the judgment of the public in
regard to them.
You treated Homer as a filly prattling fellow, and gave the
preference toTaflb. You laughed at Pindar, and fbmetjmes ac
Horace, and efpecially at lyric poetry, which you havraiways
affe&ed to defpifc.
After beftowing great encomiums on the Greek tragedians,
you took care to infinuate that their manner is often dry and
declamatory— In order to indemnify yourfelf for the general
praifes you bellowed upon Corn ei He, Racine, and Boileau, you
feldom failed to magnify their faults, or to afcribe to them,
what they are not chargeaWe with.
You preferred Lamotte to Roufleau, at a time when the
public had forgot Lamotte— The high reputation of CrebilJon
was very troublefome to you ; you did not dare to give open
vent to your jealoufy of a rival who was fo much applauded.,
You called him your matter in public, whilft you were privately
difleminating criticifms on his performances.
You was the author of an anonymous work, now almoft en-
tirely forgotten, (Ccttnsiffanct da bcauth & dtt iifauts it U
fe'tfie Fran^otfty &c.) in which it was faid, in almoft every pape,
" — obferve, how much more fublime Voltaire is than Corneille,
how much more pathetic he is than Racine, how much he fur-
panes Crebillon in ftrength and energy !— Sec how much more
natural he is than La Fontaine, how much more eloquent than
Bofluer, how much more elegant than Fenelon, &c."
Still, however, you concealed your defign, while you was fe-
cretly fcattering abroad the feeds of thofc opinions that were
favourable to yourfelf. Had any one reproached you for your
injuftice, for fo bold and decifive a tone, you could have cleared
-yourfelf by {hewing him paftages, in your writings, which
proved you to be of quite different fentimehts.
This policy proved fuccefsful, and you pleafed the different
parties in literature. Some thought you in the right way, oa
account of the frequent and pompous difptay you made of your
love of good principles and good taflp, while others flattered
thcmfclvea that you was of their party, on account of the fly
and
Clement V Lttttn i* l\
Sit
ami BRllgMiM hi brew oat, with great dexterity, againft
tit »'l <,l whora you entertained any jealoufy.
Ac length, wbcn you had no Jon to fe* j when
you perceived that idc* number of sour di/ciple* and admirers
was increased i wben you obl'er.ved that they trumpeted your
praifct, and rccilteied your decrees, \o» thrc* nd* rhc maflt,
you J a id sJidc ail coi lV-air.i *jwj ditamulation i you cxcitrd yi>uc
u:m*ift effort* CO difcrrdit the a micros, in on tc ealily
lo difpara^e thole illuitrtoui moderns who gloried in imitatuij
them ;— ysauktis, fk^Airit:y iiaJxttisx. raasWtr, />»/ can*
Yoa compared Efchylus to Cakeron ; you travcllud (he Tub-
Itpe paflage* of the IJtad and < ' vou faid that La Fo.i-
Otoe was not one ok the great gcniuio ol the a^c o: Levis the
Foartreath ; yi'Ai told us that there wa» j>o rntbufufci in Bn-
Jean's poetry) you treated RoulSeau as a vcrtiher, who neither
knew p:ii!o(aptiy, poetry, hib owa languor, nur ibe agi: ;
lited in, ice. &c. 5cc
You Bartered yourself, that thefc new opinions, pubiislKvl
with a nujiller^l air, aixi (sinaofted by the «*- | our
authority, would become laws in literature , and that the juJg-
rnrnt of ihc pre feist age, and that of poller it;, nui gra-
dually formed upon yo«r«i - i oibat books would be buried lor
ever io the molt profound oblivion* and none read but your
awa.
As co the ptefcot age, your expectations hive not been Ji»-
appointed. Tbe number of thole who c\'a,miae, who th
and judge for ibemseJve*, i* at prefeu: ' I .» 4 much
•sltoeter and eafier uay to retain yuuj liglst and bold dtacifton*,
and, after you, to part fciucaic, appeal «fipn writer*
of d cxaiicd genius. Accordingly, a thou land echo*
hare been tVarJ re/*- ung >out diffciem opinion , rei ts hare
been crowned a.: the a< 1 which ! fi> were
prctVrrrd So Vitgili and B> < iu h .-, treated 11 .* writer with-
out tire or iroa -^nation j a party has b*cn formed Co raifc Qj
naulc to the rAfrk of (treat poets, and io make hirst at leail equal
to Raxuic i we have Iccn oiciv geometricians fettiflf op tor
jadges of p.<uy, and, w.th all the /sr.£-fraU itaagina^ic, lav-
ing down the meft ridi * < cnterning an ait as dufa
unt fi n as Lucli
—He wbo luu read your wotkftj h; to know cicry
thing. Toe principle* of good taiie arc n -, the read*
ing aod : 00 of the illulhiaus Writers of antiquity arc
flighted and neglected, and ifeofc WtlO rerorr.ir.crid tbrtn arc
looked upon aa pcdanti. In a word, Sir, you hire seen the pre-
sent d.xi e age adapt your <]<> I ortn it*
taite upon yours. Your hecrary opinion* have pioduced fuch x
Apr. Kcv. Vol. xKx. M in i^«a\u,vvu^
532 Clement*! Let ten to P'ohair^
revolution, and reduced us to fuch a degree of bad tafle, that
nothing but an age of barbarifm and profound ignorance can
make us forget fo many abfurdities, and refrore us to a capa-
city of having jufter notions, a founder judgment, and a more
natural tafte.
- Happy would It be for us, were this general depravity con-
fined to matters of mere tafte and entertainment ; thefe, *tis
true, are connected with the glory of a nation, but they are
not eflcntial to man ; he may be deprived of them, without any
lofs to his virtue or his happinefs. The mortal blow that your
writings have given to the morals of this age and nation, is a
dieadful calamity, and perhaps an irreparable one. It can give
no pleafure to a generous mind to prefent fo melancholy and
deplorable a picture to public view ; I ftiall, therefore, ordy;
confidcr the fatal effects which your writings have had on the
fair fex, and on the young and unexperienced'-, for fuch prin-
cipally are the readers whom you have a right to plcafe, by the
levity, and I will be bold to fay, by the frivolouinefs, of your
wit. *
I am at a lofs to account for it, but fo it is, that women,
in general, prefer a forward, filly, impertinent fellow, to a wife,
difcrcct, and fenfible man. Two gentlemen, we (ball fuppofe,
are introduced into a company of ladies, even the moft virtoau*%
if you will ; the one is poflefTcd of agreeable and elegant ta-]
' Tents, but fedate, referved, folid, and knows when it ii proper
to fpeak, and when to be Client : the other is bold, peturanr,'
talks 'much, treats the graved fubjects with indecent and illibe-
ral drollery, excrcifes his rallery upon thofe who are prefent, '
caluminates thofe who are abfent, attends to nothing but wfaar
he fays himfelf, and is the firft to laugh at his own filly jokes ;'
the ladies will neither have'eyes nor ear* for the former ; and
though he may have fome fmall (hare of their efteem, yet they
will ever, through I know not what ftrange pVopcnuty, find
themfelves moft favourably difpofed to the latter.
' Don't fmile, Sir, this fable is your own hiftory. Your lively
wit, your libertinifm, your bold and a {Turning manner, your
dedfive tone, the levity of your imagination, ydur free and fa-
miliar humour, have turned the heads of the generality of our
ladies. Such are the charms wherewith you have gained their
hearts, and which render your works their chief ftudy and de-
light. You have taught the moft dangerous of all leffons ftr
* The Reader will bear in mind that our Author is a Frenchman,,
and may, probably, have formed his ideas of the fair fcx from what
he has obferved of his countrywomen. In England, fuch a coxcomb-
charaeler as he has defcribed, would never be a favourite with the
• • -weft irirtumt ladies.
• • tbm\
ClrfTiCrit'i Dfitn « Vtl'.oxrt. 533
\ rov hkvt: taught them to lau^h :i r<> fum
into ridicule what i* not fcfcepttblc nf ridicule, and to realoo,
upon what they ought tj icvac with bumb'c and fubmuTiv*
filet
i fcfeool they foorvlfvn to (hake off*! I thofe p.-."n>
tipkt iliat an- fo meaty and tioublefomc i i be r fexj to
a* mcr* chimerai, thole rii;id hw> of .ieccrum
wfcxli naturr, they :.t, has no n .fed upon tlicir (ex
thin the oth:r j to »nahle their duti*;, tud, in a to
your maxim \c«i to very narrow
rider the do< n:n over women at an abfurJ an;! Itlly
prejudice; i; i and decide upon every things
lo oc &«***• //&•:< err j to talk with a; much levitw
upon the fi,-- Mtt xj upon a novel or « pUj * to fpeat
upon tic m / ■ : 1
upoo a i ;r\ and I the r noub-Je naaxj
» who receive
ihcm preedify, and whot'e undcrl! Hidings and hearts arc de-
praved before ther can well diflin^uifb between good an J evil.
I am far from meaning in inrludc A\ the I rhii ern»
fare, whh.fi, unfortunately, is t<*> well grounded, but which
juft, without Tome exception. Time is flill, u
douoteu.v, a great number of ladies of icr,<c;t-^lc chxjc'Wrs,
who cultivate tlioi'c virtues to tbcil i->; j.id cunditi- I
who are free from tnat filly *nd indecent ambition of be
thought pVlolo,ihcr» and l-ruux't/fttti ; a ho read and itudy, ;n
older to know and to leve their cotj ; who cultivate their i
derftandieg], in order to be cfliblifhcd to good principles) i
who, without desiring to be free-thinkers, arc fiiisfioJ with bc-
ina virtuoot women ai. ibl< cieaturc*.
I aJk pa id i).i of the red for drawing a pl&urc m ti To
llroog a rcfcmblmee to the criminal, it it contraiy, 1 well
kiintv, to the laws of French gallantly to tell ladies their fuilta,
svhateter they may be, or to mention dMjgreeable truths in a
public maimer ; but I beg of them t:» confider that, as tucv -:e
ambiiio--!' fcx, in order to bccouit: i:.
and poUolophexs, they haic placed us a ar cut ea
i them, and ha>c gi.en ua a right to talk to ihcai with Ufa
ics>r*e, t try, and a rrore manly freedom,
it 1 have t ladies, rr np*:
plied to our youth, win receive theit I
I'hey have fiarcc lite) cocnnv->
ciplcv, and the f.:t:.l eiF
Tbey Vk-
nscrly received j call every ntn:; ;*c:i i
and infidelity ; and, in i little time, by tr:,.
ft* iotas as mere prejudxc, the v cook <.. thin'* ;h
M in a V»V*v*
534 Clement'; Lakrs U Vthaire.
r t •
lofophers, and call themfclvcs fo. They have no longer any
moral principles co make them uneafy, no checks or reftraints
upon their paffions ; and provided they, can elude the laws, their
conference is perfectly at eafe. They talk upon the graveft
fubjedts with a levity that has nothing to equal it but their ig-
norance. Low, infipid raillery, common-place jokes, hack-
neyed box-mots, fupply the place of arguments, even on the moft
facred topics. If they attempt to reafon, it is with a confi-
dence, a good opinion of themfelves, ftili more ridiculous, if
poffible, than their pretended wit and humour* . They flatter
themfelves that they comprehend the moft incomprebenfible
things, though they remain ignorant of fome of the moft com-
mon ; they pretend' to calculate, define, and know every thing,
•and yet entertain doubts concerning the moft obvious truths;
they defpife and forget their duties ; cxtinguifh the light of na-
ture ; ftiAe the good principles that were inftilled into them in
the early part of life ; perplex and confound their understand-
ings i lofe all fenfibility of heart, and every idea of virtue ?nd
morality. They become, in a word, ufelefs or pernicious to
focicty ; hateful and troublefome to themfelves ; lofe all relilh
for life, and at laft have recourfe to a halter or a piftol, in ostler
to deliver themfelves from the insupportable burthen of living
alone. • m^^.
What fentiments, Sir, muft we entertain of you and ytur
philofophers, if fuch deplorable cv'rls can only be imputed- to
the contagious licentioufnefs of your writings ? But I Hull
dwell no longer upon the horrid profligacy which the rage of
impiety has introduced into our manners. Every good man
fees and laments it. How many worthy and virtuous parents
are there who, in the ahguiih of their hearts, are weeping over
the depravity of their children, and who have a right to impute
to your works ?
This is part of what our Author has advanced concerning
M.de Voltaire's literary policy, and the influence which it his had
ur.on the tafte and manners of the prefent age ; there is a great
deal more to the fame puipofein his fir ft letter, to which we
refer our Readers. He concludes it with (hewing the means
which M. Voltaire has employed to get pofleffion of the literary
fcepter, and the manner in which he has treated thofe writers
who refufe to bow the knee before him. If what M. Clement
lays be true, it is impoflible to have a good opinion of M.de
Voltaire's heart ; nay, if he is capable of fuch low, pitiful* and
illiberal arts, as tho'e which he is charged with by our Letter-
writer, his fondeft admirers muft even think lefs favourably of
his genius} for he himfelf fays, and bis words cannot but have
weight with them—
Un tfprit arrampu ne Jut jamais fublime.
>%■■
Tit trut Priatifltt sf Gcvsrznf*U 555
tn hrs IccockI letter, \f. Clement examine* the characVrs
*vhic« VoJuirc has g>cn of tome of the old French writer*:
luch 4% Rabelais, Marot, Moncagnc, Malherbc, Rcgnicr, Voi-
turc, &c. and hit defign is to excite an attention to ihele wii-
tcrj, whom it is great injuflicc, be Ik)*, to neglect, j» they arc
inui I than the eenerality o: m..id?rn
wits. J his letter, enough not io intcrcilmj to the generality
t?f readers is the firil, flicwa the Author to he- a man of talte,
arjrf of found principles in likx*tures. and will afford peculiar
arc acquainted with the work» oi Rabe-
. Malbrrbc, &c.
rd letter, he coniidcrs t*ie character which M. Jc
VoTiaifc has £iven of Quiiiaut, Lamottc, and Fontenellc ; but
we mull take our leave of him ft>r the pidcnt, ret nor with-
out hc.vfily recommending him to our -Kcadrrs, as ;i fpj
\t\gc id animated writer.
m — •
Art. Iir.
A* MififSJ K'atartttf. Oj I>if(t*rtfir (n f rai'j Pri*eif*t du <7r*i/*«.
<•'•'.— i he I- lei of Government. Jlya late Migiitrate.
8nw a Voli. Pari*. 1^75.
THE Author of thii work t» unV.nown to U9| but hf ap-
pears to be a fmccrc friend 10 truth, to virtue, and to
liberty ; and Co be well acquainted with political fubjecli. He
wrlfci in a clear, cafy, and natural manner \ but he has ad-
vanced nothing tnat i. pew, 1 uj the :' me feu 1 re often
repeated ; yet the political principles and rnsxirni which be re-
con ceiuion» ajc (o important in thcmfclvcs,
ani? ndly in a/pect upo* (briery, that every
liberal-minded Reader will pcruCc whai he has advanced wit)
great pleaiure. In regard to religion, it is very obvious
what his fenticncnta arc i it 13 but juJtict to ackpom
however, that lie w.ri;cs upon tbu a a much n
mo-leCI and decent maun:.-, than the generality ol modern French
W: ifcrs.
In a very ftsort, but fenfsble preface, he ob&rvrt, that the
fejecee of government is far from bcipf dark, perplexed, or in-
tricate; thar thrift- who llndy human nature at trn lively, and
the greai cods of cavil (bciety, will bnd nothing laytlcrrous :u
it, but, on the contrary, a fenca of irutlia intinsii^ly conneitnt,
a chain of principles as ciear and certain as in any oilier branch
of hunun knowledge.
It is generally ihought, continues hr, ehie a reformation of
abufes in government is impoffibtc ; and this maxim u fo W
adapred to the indolence of , that it is looked upon as
iaulubiubJc i accordingly, few citizens, and RUl fc<*« twe**,
M in j Vv-'A
53^ 1}* true Prmdp'is of Gsvernmtnu
think ferioufly of thufe evils from which they both fufFer, and
in an equal degree. Let not good men, however, indulge fuch
uncomfortable reflections ; let them attend to the calamities of
their country,— not to heighten them by public confuGon and
diforder, but to inveftrgate their caufes, and point out the pro-
per remedies ; fuch remedies as are compatible with the good .
of fociety. Reafon, cool, deliberate reflection, knowleJge, and
a length of time, are neceflary to reform a tlate ; pafiion, ever
impetuous and indifcreet, pulls down and deftroys, but never
corrects or improves. Nations ought patiently to bear tbofe-
evils which they cannot remove without additional mifery. The
progrefs of political fyilems, to perfection, muft, in the very*
nature of things, be flow, and their improvement can only arifc
from the experience of ages, which will gradually ripen ill
human institutions, and render them more wife and hippr*
tet the g.vjd citizen, therefore, communicate bis ideas to his
country ; let him comfort it, under prcfent calamities, with Hie
hopes of better times ; let him direct its view to fo me hippy
period in futurity, when princes (hall be weary of their abfurd and
oppreflive fc hemes, and their people of the yoke of bondage ; irt
a word, let him hope that the time will come, when both fere-
reigns and fubje£h will no longer fufrer them/elves to be guided
by accident and chance, but will at length have recourfe to re-
flection, to reafon, and to equity, which are fufHcient to pot
an end to all'tnofe calamities which fall fo heavy upon both.-
No nation can be happy, untefs it is governed according to
the laws of nature; and the laws of nature always lead to
virtue. No fovercign can be great, powerful, or happy, unlcfi
}ie reigns with juftice over a wife and conflderate people: Thefe
ate the true principles of that focia! harmony whiclf govern-
ment is intended to eftablifh. Woe to that people, whofe lead-
ers (hould look upon fuch maxims as feditious, or as a mah'g-
jiant fatire upon their political condudh—
Our Author's difcourfe is divided into nine parts, and each
f .nt is fubdivided into a great number of fhort feet ions. In
the firft volume, he treats, of fociety, government, fovereignty,
and fubjedtion , in the fccor.d, of defpotifm and tyranny, liberty,
politics in general, and the diflblutton of ftates.— We (hall in-
fer t two or threp fcftions as a fpecimen of the work.
After (hewing that fcdafiiUty is a natural fenti merit in man,
ftrengthened by habit and cultivated by reafon ;— that man
was born in fociety — that the laws of nature are plain, dear,
and intelligible to all the inhabitants of the earth, &c. he £oes
en to obfeive, that ignorance is the fource of all the evils of
fociety ; let us attend to what he fays on this fubjeift.
It will probably be a Iked, fays bur Author, why thofc laws
«hicj) nature fcndeis neceffary, which reafon, points out, which
TTy tint rmtam cf- Gawtimatf,
537
ctcxj man finds within h* own brc*Jt» are fo badly observed ?
they arr cot. ' i ! by beings, wboJc tnterate,
dthrcs, and wants arc the faann, and whole happinefs it infc-
parably connected with the obfervarton of them I I anfwer,
that ignorance »r>J error ire the true I'curcr? ot all the evils
ic;i aic wricked merely becaufe
t)iejr arc ignorant of thei; true intercfh eft: nq of »Ott-
ing in focicty, ol the fjbicantial advantages tha; mi/ be de-
rived i i rtuf, and evert
frequently of the very nature oi virtu?. Tbcy continue in
thru ignorance, and in ibd r tSev are d<?-
fjttfid both in fe^ud to their real kappuicfr, and the mcano of
attaiuingit. Men aredcccucd .n regard to
cnthuuafm and importure confpire to eppofe, and the v>ic« of
which tyranny endeavours to hlcrvcc. They are deceive i, by
being forbid lorn. on or eatpetien •, in Replace of
, o : oihrr guide* arc iVnirituted hut pbnnfsawi fables, re-
vesies, and uiyflcrio. They aic deceived, by having their at?
ion diverted from thenlclvc;, and from lonely, to more
icrii, which they aic told arc to conftitatc their fuprcmc
I hey are deceived, becaufe every thing conlpciea to
fill their raindj with Mfe opinion*, prejudices, and paf-
Aoju, which engage them in con ft ant quarrel* with each other,
.-Jtc them npagiOClnai doing enikhicf u the way to bo
M:?y-
it is rot nature that render* men .ni, ■ feed, and corrup: j
it is fur waul ol kflQWiog Uic) Attentive.-, .ituic
of a being endued w th realun 14 ed for
fu-cicty, that hapfHJttTi and virtue ate fo ftldom found upon
Ky a fual and neceflary rontequence of that ignorance
or thqir real intcre n men axe held, they conn
11 1 1 flake both the oh -otu, ;nd the path*
which lead u> uue nappineff. •
Oj
Nothing but virtue cjia C'.iitita'c tic bappineft of focicty.
ftain ifuitt ujufic* j to deprive :11s man of the aJvaiiia^cs
he enjoy* ; to %i\< what i* due to btm : to do
good} to contribute :o ( ncU o! oil I tach
— tiiia. it Lc-r.' be what tun-
triWci to the utilttr* welfaie, an of society.
The nrlr of aU Nfi*l viHu It is tbe abfidg-
■Jfjtn ni its Daoli extetWiee fignincation,
but iciitinicnt wh.J • ■< • •• rry individual ot u
a right to ouj heart ssnd *&c<tiou> i funded upon a cu!" • !
iixiKa ui to do all the p>*-d in our pc
.. Its cfl bcitc:itCiiLCb
iodaUgence, and compaiiion. When tU'^ xitvae v
53& W>* trut Pr'maphs of Governmerii.
within the limits of the fociety to which we belong, it* cffeO*
are love of country, paternal lewe, filial pietyi conjugafttrV
derrick, fricndlhip, affection for ouf'TclarJons aiirf fclldw-
citizens. ,'""'* '
Strength and activity ought to be ranked among Ihe'focial ■
virtues, becaulc they defend fociety or ell abl'rfh its feevrttf, and '
their tffefla arc magnanimity, courage, patience, modei'afftin,
and temperance. Thofe virtues which have the good <rt fbtwjty
for their object inuft not be la«y and indolent, like tile cUfme-"
jtcal virtues introduced by impofture, which often makes a
merit of being ufelefs to others. Jdlenefs is a real vice in evety
aflbciation. /■'"
Juftice is the true bafts of all the focia! virtues. It* is jitftfce
which holds the ballance between the fever-! members df-ft-
ciety, and keeps it in an equilibrium; which remedies Aofc
evils that might arife from the inequality that nature hiscfta-
blilhed among men, and even makes it contribute to the" gene-
ral good; which fecures to individuals their rrghts, thek pro-
perty, their pcrfons, their liberty, and protects them from the
attacks of force, and the fnares of treachery ; which obliges •
them to be faithful to thtir engagements, and banilhfs fraud tfnd
falfehood from among men : in a word, it is jufHce, which
by means of equitable laws and a wife rfiftribution of rewards
and pun i foments, excites to virtue, reftratns from vice, and
leads thofe to rcal'on and reflection who might be tempted ttf
purchafe a momentary good by doing a lading injury to their
fellow-creatures.
Of the eng/n ef G'.vernmtnt,
To pretend to afcertain the origin of the different forms of
government among men, would he abfurd and ridiculous, 'ft
would be very unpliilofophic.il to fuppofe that ttiey were all
formed in the l/.me manner, or to rcciuce them to one rhodef.
Different circumftance?, different views, different pafiiona, trf
a word, wants va;iou!ly combined and infinitely diverfified.'ftikA
have given birth to thun ; and a variety of events muft lave*
contributed to their fupport and eltaMiQiment.
Let us try, however, to trace the progrefs of the human mind,
and that of ibcieiics in their inftitutiens of government ; we {hall
be in little danger of being miftaken, it we keep in view thtt-
gencral tentiments of humanity, thofe idoas that are moft ta-
tur.al to our fpecies. * '»"
Men, ftricily fpeaking, have alwa;s been governed. This
truth will not appear ftrangc to thofe who pay even but a mo-
derate degree of attention to it. If man be the fruit of a fo-
ciety, in which a tender C2re was taken of him in hisinfancy,
and which his wants rendered neceflary to him in his advanced
y^ars, be w^s at Jcall under the government of a father. What-
ever
Ti* ttM Pri'Liflti </" Gawsnmmt.
539
ever ffScm WC a«Jl>jK in regard (o the antiqu.ty of cbe world ;
whether we fuppofe it eternal, of only align il a limited num-
ber vf >«*i»i. whether ail men hive descended from one, 01
whether the human Specie* ha* always fulfilled in a condition
iscajly linuUr to the prefcut, there bajN alwaya been focictica.
There was »t I^ilr one family that acknowledged a chief', and
I family ninii in time have become fo numerous, that it could
no lou£ct 1; I b/ one man. The power, the refpc/l,
the funm-rfcon that waa granted to the fir ft /.ither of a family*
whv w rJH&fiKuigi mutt, have been dividcJ anions
thofc wiio fucceedeti hin ; my, rnuft have been weakened, and
reduced to nothing. New intereffo. ne.v wants, and different
u.cumfla *c*, m*ll hate produced dUputev, \. /rations,
revolurtonj, and hare given btrth to near focieticr. On r-,c
other taod, »<n<ral caJanaicici, plaguca, famine, earthquakes,
and munda:>ofist mull have fubdivided fome focictic*, and driven
from their aotient habitat oe* thofc who efcaped from iliern.
Whaicver vat :he fate cif ihcfe wandering bandt, torn from
their ordinal abode, they could navcr entirely have forgot tha;
they weie otxe under fo-nc form ofgovemm
Toelc fuuered triixa scing, after fume time, in a flatc of
greater tranquil Ji:\\ mult have thought of tc-cftablifliing fomc
iof gove nd they mufl naturally have turned churr
eyoa to ihc/c from w! , h.^d received mod real advan-
tage*, and who, they hid reauon lo ihink, would be ililJ its-
titcabk to thorn. Goodrich and utility arc the natural cities
for ruling ovrr men, and fitch, undoubtedly, were the titles of
the 6 The nVthM we penetrate into the dark
of antiquity, the more w = ,u? convinced, bj the faint
Sltrarr.erings of light whi uv* to guide our rcfeirchet,
lat the Aril itioga. like (he firft geda, were the benefactors of
the human race. Ojm\% Uamn% TtipuftqmSitsc* were chief*
and leaders or tierce and bvbarout nation?, which, after bar.
y during ' , extended
. lie beyond the px> r, and reverenced thofc asdi-
cs whom thee lud formerly obeyed la murtaia.
Men *»fco had befn exposed k> violent cntcrprite*, and fud-
den ioraaW.i from ncighbourinr. locictiea, united foe mutual de-
fence* aod» in the choice of thrir leadm, they muft havreall
the r eye-, upom thefe whom : ;ht moft capable of de-
fending them. Bodily fti firft and the vott necef-
fary o y formtd by weakncTs and fetf.
AccorJrndyt Hinuin, 7 J almoll jII ihc fiift heroei,
are rep rei«i:eJ to u» aJ Doiftfled oi extraordinary ftrength, of
invincible courage, and fable acquaints ua with (heir aitomlh-
in» exploits.
The
54© ^' 1rue PriMipto 9f Government,
The free choice of men mud likewife have frequently fallen
Upon prudence, w'tfdom, and virtue, but efpecially on that
fpirit of magnanimity, that fuperiority of reafbn, of abilities,
and of knowledge, which bring the vulgar under fubje&ioo:
aftoniihed to find in their leaders refources which they looked
upon as divine % becaufe they themfelves were incapable of thecn,
Pcrfons poffefled of fuch iuperior accomplishments became the
legiflators of focicties % introduced order into them ; accounted
for thofe terrible phenomena which had affrighted and difpericd
them, taught them to wor(hip the gods ; proclaimed to them
the decrees of heaven, and often mixed fraud and impotture
with real benefits, in order to render their authority the mare
refpcclable: Orpheusy Numay MinoSy the Incus, &c. were legi-
flators of this kind.
Still farther, feveral difperfed families may have united for
their common intcrcft and mutual defence, without making any
change in paternal government. The leaders of different fami-
lies may have prcferved an equal authority, and by their unani-
mity regulated a lociety formed by the combination of fuch de-
tached tribes. On this model arittocratical republics mull have
been formed.
Many Rates, too, muft have been formed by violence and
public diforder. Succefsful and daring robbers, affifted by other
robbers, may have, with unprovoked hoilility, attacked peace-
ful focicties, invaded their potiefiions, overturned their govern-
ment and laws, defeated or matTacred their leaders, and fubfti-
tutcd themfelves in their (lead, while the aftonifned multitude
was obliged, with fear and trembling, to receive the yoke, and
to bear it patiently. It was thus that Nimrtd, Stfaflrity Jl*x-
mtdcr% and CMis, founded new empires.
Smaller focicties may have been joined to larger one* $ sad
this union may have been formed cither voluntarily, or by force*
In the former cafe, nations incapable of defending themfclvq.
rnuft have courted the protection of a more powerful {late ; and
Sometimes too, the confideration of fuperior advantages enjoyed
by their neighbours, muft have tempted fome focicties to re-
nounce their independence, in order to obtain the fame advan-
tages. In the fecond cafe, the torrent of conqueft muft hue
fwept along with it relu&ant nations, too feeble to refit*
To conclude, focicties of equal power may have fornetimes
formed confederacies upon certain conditions, and united with
a view to rcpulfc a power greater than either of them when
taken feparatcly. Such was formerly the Achxan league & and
fuch, at prefent, are the Su;fsf and the United Provinm.
In one or other of thefe wafs muft we account for ail tbe
forma of government upon earth, Hifiory fiimUho no exam-
% bJcs
.*/. Thonas'j H~*rku ^x
plei of fixietica rtuiuoj; choice ol leaders in any c4her way. He
; would Ik: mote idle o
left tfa rope thus in tbe dark night of pa ft ag
: of aattaority, were it qu. :hi: flattery *i
pottuie hue (hove to invent an deal origin, in order 10 Uirriitli
.otcrn mankind with titles to opprefs ibctn. Vain
! reafeo, v
clearly prove to tMo who consult it, that whatever were this
motives, WanU, ut circarnilanoei of focictics when they fub-
l to gOTetnmefit, they never coulJ inveft their chefs wito,
K to under ihcm mifcrabk. This is an eternal truth,,
, impofturc, >j>J falfchood may darken and per-
bjc which tnc> will ncrti fc< able to dctlroy.
foCc^QdOg extra£h may fervc aa a fpceirncn of our Au-
thor** manner ol writing, wh.ch ti . fy, and natuul,
without any refinement, or pompous diip.jy of crnditi
A I -r. IV.
tirrtgft, it fimpMitt. The Work* of hi. 'I noma*, <j
rcrich Academy, a dcw tdicioo, &c. 1 2*10. 4 V .
WE hate here an EJition of M. Thomas's profc-v.
mt :vr !<" my c\ ihc former Edit ions. The
E i*l* 1 +tc catcfujiy coircdcd, and fomc of them cool tfcrabfy
enlarged, and the two ftrft volume* are entirely new, COM 1
ing ihe h.lK-rr <jf literature ai nee. To fir si they rdato
to punegyrirv Thii curious and entertaining fubje«2 M. TIm-
mai n»uW be iueipo*od to be well acqttaj :>i, and to have
. /, publifticd fcveral Eltgttt which have
been favourably received by the Public, vi% I he £&£* ./
rwr, «' Snar, which w*< crowned by the Km i i It Acade-
j ".t.v, which gained (he prize in 1760!
- fWw*, loed Uic pftM 03 1761 4
iyr <s> Si i 763 ; and the
1 'aV Dtfiartet, \ med the prig* in I
iricrotjueci his LiTay uu Panegyrics w;th fome gentia) but
very ; itioni on pralle, and the love of glory:
part of what be advances h a> lot Jo* a :
f'raifc, fiys hr, * .Ardently defined, and fnlaviftily
od among men, n ll 1 iaa nor po.Tib'y can be, a matter
of ifxxitTcrmcc ; it i* ri.hrr ufeful or dc , vyry noble or
vety roeon. If it is ati ;nf!rumem employed by fclf love and
icrcul to attire 1: richca and boftaura, or the Aittciy of a
fla*« K> deceive a man in power, it i; contemptible; bat If it
ji the homage which admiration pays to virtic, or gra<jtudc
1ft
£4* J/. Thomas'* Wtrh*
to genios, it is one of the nobleft things on earth. It renders
genius more extenfive, gives wings to the imagination, and eleva-
tion and dignity to the foul ; it nrengthens and improves every
intelkftual, every moral faculty. The labottrs, the fhblime
mediations, the enlarged views of the philosopher and regifla-
tor arc verived from it ; h infpires the orator with eto^wence
to dlfend the rights of humanity, and the citizen witb courage
t:> rt^ht and to die for the liberties of hb conntry.
Whence does the love of glory arife ? from the very nature
fcf nun. As he is both ambitious and weak, a mixture of im-
perfe&ion and greatnefs, the efteem of others is the only thing
that can jufrify the efteem which he endeavours to filvtt for
bimfelf. It {lamps a value upon his labours. Infpfres bin
with confidence in his virtues ; fupports and encourages/ him
under his frailties, and gives employment to' the rcftWfca&y'ity
of his nature. "" '"
Much has been faid, againft the love of glory ; net is this to
be wondered at, as it is much eaficr to fpeak againft glory than
to deferve it. Would we know the effects of this paffcon?
Banifh it from among men, and the whole face of nature wffl
beintlantly changed — In reading the hiftory of arts and of em-
pires, I every where fee fome men upon eminences, and below,
the mob of mankind following at a diftance, and with Cow
fteps ; 1 fee that glory guides the former, and that they guide
the univerfe.
It has often been afkcJ, whether a fenfe of duty alone%iight
not fupply the place of fame and glory. The qucftiori does ho-
iM>ur to tbofc who put it, but the anfwer is eafy and obvious.
Make all governments tuft, and all men truly great, and then
perhaps glory will be ulclcfs. I am far from calumniating hu-
manity ; there have been perfons, undoubtedly, who, in acting
a virtuous part, have been influenced by a regard to duty, and
by that alone, and who have performed great actions in mence.
Unknown in life, and forgotten after death, the lefs folic hous
they have been about fame, the more they have deferved it.
But let us not flatter ourfelves ; the number of thofe who tread
the paths of virtue with firm and fteady ftt-p?, without any
other guide but reafon, without any other motive than the di-
vine approbation, is very fmatl. Men, in general, are natu-
rally weak ; their natural weaknefs is incrcafed by example,
and the temporary advantages which too frequently arife from
tneannefs and vice. Sometimes they tread the paths of virtue,
and fometimes1 thofe of vice, but have not courage or refoluttos
to be uniformly good or uniformly bdd. In fuch a fituation
they (land in need of fome fupport, and when a paffion for
fame is joined to a. fcftfc cA ^uvj » \\ <&»&&% <&KOh W»^ ta vie-
AL Thomaa'r W*i$.
543
To whitcver caufr ic isowir.g, whether to j«wice, vanity,
or iotcrcit, honour* have ever been bellowed opoa great men*
ul arches; and especially pjnrgyrica,
xh\, I intend to flicw in tht* effay, whit
panegyrics :uve been in differ cut agrs ai ; on whom
they have been beftov*eJ, and Co wriom they hare been refufedi
and 1 "* what **> iiiiliiutoi for the benefit of nations ban
fometimes proved their fcoorge by corrupting their ruler*. 1
fliall examine the character, and enquire ioco the merit or the
sncatinic or" tl iter* who feave c u It i rated this fpecfes of
competition. 1 llaU trace from age to age the revolutions of
[ucoce and arts, aid raarfc their dcclcnlion or their progr
: ) biitory tor my zmde, I all ill frequently enquire into the
characters of tboie who have been praifed, in orJcr to form a
better jo^gment of the genius of (he panegyritt, and the fpinr
of the times, nnd ftall conclude the eliay with fome general re-
flections upon that fpecir* of eloquence wnich appear* to me to
be bet* adapted to panegyric.
Siach u tac view M. Thomas give* of hi* defign in this
•JTiy, which, our Readers will readily perceive, opens a vr«J«
field for entertainment. Hemes and t;, raits, orator*, philofa*
pbert, and politician* pafe <n review before them ; many of the
nobMt, ana many of the rneancir action*, that ever honoured
ocdit^raceJ human nature, are placed before their eyes; the
fpintandgrniut of d.ftcreatage* and nation* ii diftinclly marked,
tugcther with the characters of the molt celebrated panrgyriftt
both ancient and modern. We travel with O'ar Author through
a vail extent od country* fornc parta of which arc rich and t
tile, other* overgrow A wnh rank and poilbnous weeds; arid
feme are quite barren and uncultivated. In* one place wc arc
&lighrrd with rhe view of noble and ftatrly monumrnrs tm
by genius and gratitude to virrue and public fpirie, m inncber
we tichold v Jed by Have* and flac-
tcreri to montlcn and ic tyrant*.
As to the merit of the e that he
rouft oe a very ni:c anJ faftidioui critic '.nieed who if not
much pleaf'cl with many P«t| The judicious Reader,
*r*a mac, will not . cl wirta the AunV Hmi
an uailoimity of opinion «n enaittrt of tafte h irnpoJEblc » he
vri-l afoil too, ti: cftCO, 10
bis i ch ii freqiarntl) V t ;id, a I kti times oofcur* .
aficclcd. Dpon the who \) has a •■..
fidf re* of merit; M. Thorn m ipprari through tht
i be a man o! tatrc anJ . friend to ill
: kind ; and there are icauy noble fc an menu
v Yaft .
544 ■*£ Thomas'* JKrlr;
Panegyrics, he obferve«, derive their origin from the firft
hymns that were addreflcd to the gods ; accordingly he fets out
with a concife view of the hymns of the ancients, (hews from
what principles in human nature this fpecies of compofiuoa
took its rife, but confines his account of it to thofe nations that
were unenlightened by the true faith. He clofci this part of hit
fubicct with the following reflections.
"The more a people is civilized, the lei* entbufiafen there b
in their hymns, . In the firft ftages of fociety, men are meft
Oracle with the view of Natuic, and confcouently with the idea
of a creating power, and this impreflion is Stronger among
thofe who. live in the country, than among thofe who
aire {hut up in cities. The rcafon of it is obvious. Ii
cities, man may be faid to fee nothing, to converfe with no*
thing, but with man. The objects which furround him, and
fix his attention, arc the magnificent buildings he has. raHed,
the metals he has drawn from the bofom of the earth, the riches
lie has brought from diftant countries, the different parts oftbo
world united by navigation, in a word, every thing that is
fplcndid in the picture of fociety, of laws, and of arts ; but in
the country, man difappcars, and the Supreme Power alone dif-
plays itfelf. There, the heavens are feen on every fide j there,
the day makes a mare majertic, and the night a more awful ap-
pearance. There, the regular return or the feafons is more
clearly and diftinctly marked. The eye, whttft it views the
vaft cxpanfe around it, is more ftruck with the imraenfiry of
the univerfc, and with that invifible power which formed and
governs it. It is not at all furprifing, therefore, that the beau-
tics of nature were more fenfibly felt, and that the fangs of
praife and adoration add re fled to the invifible powers were, in1
the early ages of the world, when almoft all men were {hep*
herds, cfpecially in the fine climates of the Eaft, marked with
a character which is now no where to be found. In the Weft,
particularly in great part of modern Europe, we were at nrft,
almoft all of us, a kind of favages without imagination, (hut
up in forefts, and under a cloudy fky. Afterwards, a conjunc-
ture of extraordinary circumstances, and the mixture of various
nations, rendered us both corrupt and barbarous. At laft, we
arc become both corrupt and polite. It is eafy to perceive that,
in each of thefe periods, religious Elegit muit be feeble and fri-
gid. Our fole merit, at prefent, is a little purity of fly lc in a
fpecies of ccmpofition, of all others, the mod fufceptible of.
force and energy, and which, like the picture of Nature, ihuuid
be marked with grandeur and fublimity.
Thefe reflections are very ingenious, and, in general, very
juft ; we cannot agtet vTaYv wit K>i\ivot, however, in what he
fays concerning mouefrt V^mtvu ot tOCqnftm B.U^«% <fa* ^-s.
they have notbing Ifcwwwn^***^!^'**^^
M Thomas'/ lt'*iu 545
^uft, Curtly, either never have read, or not have futtctetitly
K. a? o) Mihan, Young, Ad4t-
n, Thorrifon, kc. othcrwife a p I ruvc
been ' I ><Mc and exaUcd fcoticr.cnu tfcuc arc to
ro - their hymns ;— bur this by the bye,
Afo briefly of panegyrics in the oily .igcs of tbc
rid, i ation, praifes were be-
owed upon ibofe who had dour real and fu i to
ds to confide i lit different iosxrn of Styes
n evci try where the arc, have been cultivated. He be-
pl, the native land of wtfdom and of fupeiltuiod.
Minor.- n: building* and laws, tlic nuife of
art*, feiencer, ard ornftcrics. This country, it it well k
Ffomci ut Pythagoras an-! I'Ucu,
of& It gaveto Rome its obcMk*, toGrecc*
ihlc pan of the Kjfl its religious inflitu-
. :ries, both in Afia and Eur/ipr, its
arJ its cuftnrn*. It hsd vali ideas almofi in every
us, and its pyramids, which
bare latted four tKOofind ycarr, Icvm to Carry back the ua-
yeller to the fi if the wpf.'d,
M. Thomas makes a few general obfervstioru upon the pub-
id foletnn ttial After death, from whteh cicn the tisiono,
vpt, was not exempted, and (hews the be icrtciaJ ters-
of to memorable in inflitutioii. — The panegyrics, fay*
n were,
<JU» like our funeral orations; there was tills rcruarkibte
ice, however, that they were bellow c upo > • iituc, and
on rank. The nulhandrnan and the meciufUc were en-
titlr.l to ihctn j^ well as the fovcrciro. It wasru:, .
at, i X'ain ceremony, in which an •>:
cd, talked of virtues which he him . aud,
i «-i lung r ■■■ ii i h<
object of ihr puttie contempt ar>d of his own, I frrao-,
dead in order to be praifed or rewiic\c by I -A ^e-,
lierzl wu ;. Jted (or bis humanity,
wit marked with cruelty, nor a magiftrate for In*
iicfj, who made a t r -. fl i _ d ! v.* md juflicx, I1
vrcre on^y pjiifed when ihcy deferred it. Jc >.- Inch!) i
jt, tfcjt the lomb (huuld be a V
■id the prince, and that trt:
Hiftorj informs us, lhaj fever al L
rprelTcd ti ji: i ,
vrt'/e coed. and deaikd 2
very tombs which tfwy -...* fa«d 1
1 (urn a
54* J& ThonWi Wtrku
prince died, and the people were afTerabled, .there, aajgtaiijj dlf-
'ferent accufen to attack his memory. One came in.alubit of
mounting, and charged him with the death of his wife and chil-
dren ; sthother came in chains, and complained, of being ie-
J rived of his liberty, though innocent. Thoufaads of . sn-
appy wretches made their appearance in rags, and (aid, *t
were torn from our houfes and families to build pyramid* aod
palaces, every (lone of which we watered with our tears. Idea,
women, and children, in vaft crowds, {(retching out their
hands all at once, called aloud, faying ;— be occafioned the
death of our fathers, of our brothers, of our hufbaud*, wbo
all pcrHhed in an unjuft war; ye judges, when ye pronouiwe
upon bis character, think of the blood of our dearelt relation;.—
But when a beneficent and humane prince died (and many
fuch, it muft be acknowledged, there were) while ihe priefts
were enumerating his virtues, and celebrating his prufes in the
prefence of the people, tears and acclamations were mingltd
with the panegyric ; every one blefied bis memory, and, with
the moft genuine exprefllons of fifteen forrow, accompanied him
to the pyramid, where hit afhes were for ever to remain...'..' ',
It is three thoufand years fince this cuftom ceafed, and there
is no country now upon earth, where magiflrates are appointed
to judge the memory of princes. Fame, however, performs.!**
office of this tribunal} its voice is the more awful, as It fan -
not be bribed ; its decrees are irrevocable, and the impartial
pen of the hiftorian tranfmits them to future ages.
Our Author now proceeds to the Greeks, who of all "the
B*arl
exalted their minds. The equality of the citizens "madii them
lit a high value upon the opinion of each other; "arid as each
individual might afpire after the higheft offices of the ftatc.ihu
flattered their fell" love, and made them entertain a favourable
opinion of themfelves. The public games and exercifes Drought
them "frequently together, and made them well acquainted With
each other's characters. The great number of petty ftitesex-
tltecfra "fpirit of emulation in each. In a word, great interefts
ahd'viclories gave them thofe elevated Sentiments whfch afpire
after renown. Upon returning from the combat, 'in which
thousands of Perfians were defeated by a handful of free men,
Was there a Greek whole foul was not exalted and warmed with
the love of glory ? Add to all this the particular ioftitutibns of
each city, the public "feftivals, the funeral games, the a/Tem-
blief of all the (rates, the races and combats on the banks of
the Alpheus, the oi'vte* Viewed jncta (uperior ftKengtn, ad-
fofsrta)cnti» vn& 'iwfoft <•*&&?? ■tkor^b^^^ w qMEmbl..
At. TfcovWj Mrlffi
547
MUl Icralds prcdiicninj; tbc riilvry i ftthen crt>J>rAcir>f their
viAorioos tons with r
jnr Wrth to fach c
Swcb w-' for glory; icd
tha pi : (esse by the fcv«*l
flutes. No re wit J s were bWlowni ui*t covlcl d:ba& the foul*
«r glut It i fl led turn. 1 ;«««
wcj 'iiobc rewarded with
dw! i. • I , i|il>:ip-
ir.e icwardsof fiipcriot mci
i Circtcc, whidi way focv.T * m.io
ct-, the
...uJ ufcfu] jjiiUuflvQat
j.'. In fu*:h
tut ac ill ng that panegyric*
Ls, like the Egyptian:, bad fjncral
:d il.cm in a dwtcrcnt manner. Jn
:M<\y coj cbt
! ■...•. and encourage fivMaJuy amoQg
licit wu euro poled ur' free
i ke tepub -»a» to e«alt <hc foul
I wi:r» a touu.Tip; of danger and death. Accotd-
were acily granted, in lf»s name of toe
I *ofc wliv lyft their lives in lie (ci
ns, our Author proctc^j ;o cotifl*
. the j ;, cipj pancj)rilt> o] . Peri-
Pla^o, D . lactate*, Liacito, &c.
aer. M. i ho as is points out Q)itc
! bcatttica of ihofc cclcbutcd dialogues of Plato,
;c*! poegyricj upon Socraic*, though Jneyarc called
ill i.., roc , and he makes foo-.c very [ and
great and
: ,ciX be dwcJU with p2c4-
or tKc reader, wSo in cm
Sacraics, hnot warned aoi
[jly ilfjvJ, :;.■ .1 cr' fex/abilirjr, aod dead to
i cry ooUc and gcr.crous icciui£. .
The death of Socrates, as our Auibor oMcrrc', is even u
ihil day more iatttcfluag ii*an m«& of the i j cc* £Ut«*
and empires, wbicb arc little «i(c than taortuascnta of rciocisy
or wcaJtueii, and the htfto/y nf *fhkh j, far
the biftory of ciucLe» comrnuud b/ r^cfccaary Uva^ca i.; Lhe
pjryj of tyrants.
The curious traveller, Lays M. Trioen*it;ftj»* goci to Athens,
[now, *;« I fubj<3 t0 * karbajau* poAci) in crdci ro lifit tb«
ruins of lpme ancient ic<np!e. As fci ou, I could *.-.&», ^vv*
. d of oVc rain* of the temple of fiiiittxa^ vunt toA ^v^-
A>*. Rer. Vol. > ^ a ^w^
548 A/« Thomas'i Wvrhu
'-fcrvcd the prifon where Socrates died ; I could wifh that the
following infcriptions were ftill to be feen— ** here he took r>.e
cup i here he blefled the flave who brought it to him \ this is
the place where he expired."— Whit crowds would vifit fuch a
facrcd monument ! The fight of it would infpire a kind of re-
ligious awe, and fill the breaft of every man of courage, and
ftesdy, perfevering virtue, with the moft exalted fentimetltt, and
» juft fenfe of the. dignity of his nature. Hiftory informs us
what emotions Alexander felt at the fight of the tomb of Achil-
les, and with what profound and penfive fileoce Cssfar viewed
the tomb of Alexander, lnftead of this monumen*, however,
which time has deftroyed, Plato has- left a monumerit which
will be immortal. All the judges, I hope, who- condemned
Socrates, (the thought, I own, gives me pleafurr) reatftfneYAree
difcourfes, in which his character is drawn in fuch tfedutrfol
and flriking colours, once at leafr, before they died.— Theft ire
fome of our Author's fentiments on this interesting forbjeft ;
there are others which are equally tuft and pleafing, but we nnrfi
refer our Readers to the work itfclf.
M.Thomas proceeds toXenophon, another panegyrifr of So-
crates ; part of what he fays is as follows :~ This philosopher,
like Plato, had been both the difctple and the friend of Socra-
tes i but the one was fatisfied with in ft ru cling mankind, the
other, engaged in the adive fcenes of life, was both a writer and
a ftatefman. It is well known that he commanded the Gretks
in the retreat of the ten thoufand, but it is' not 16 grrte rally
known that he was banilhed his country in reward for Ml Ser-
vices. In his exile he compofed feveral political, mora), and
hiftorical works ; and he who had in his foul alt the vv^ou'r of
a Spartan, had in his genius all the graces of an AthenUrt.
This grace, this gentle and cafy flow, which adores at the
fame time that it Kerns to conceal itfclf, which is fodjftin-
guifhing an excellence of compofition, and which it is Jo diffi-
cult to define ; this charm which is as neceflary to the Wrker
as to the ftatuary and the painter, which Homer and Anatreon
bad among the Greek poets ; Apelles and Praxiteles among
the artifts ; which Virgil had among the Romans, and Horace
too in fome of his Odes ; which Ariofto poflefTed pernaps
more than Taflb; which Michael Angelo W3S a ft ranger toj
which beftowed all its favours upon Raphael and Cor regie-;
which, in the age of Lewis the 14th, Fontaine alone perhaps
had in poetry, (for Racine had more beauty than grace) sad
none of our profe-writers excepting Fenelon ; which our cuf-
toms,our manners, our language, our climate, poflibly, will not
admit of ;— this grace, in a word, which cannot even be per-
ceived without line and delicate organs, was the diftingutflsitg
excellence of Xenophon'a writings. It may not be improper
5 » - ....... , ^
44<)
to i bat nor, thi « w»
<ac Liberal a
be/or r, in which erjcc fo/c-rncJ th. .-.
wuh the Jul . ;i .,
po&UuM.
amj>W, aod t t h* :::' cclcbnrcd of th<m »ll, ditfaied
ovcx «U hia proii; Jicua, hiiCtnpid, bir Vei . . ■ . im*
*SW "tatc, v?fll<h v m hi* rh (erne. Tlic
J«H Wan tale* by the ancients, h»-', *! \
I&C ;-:cj. Htf vifi'.ed Afpfcfrt <n
<if>- v:e if rill, with ft .
ihc<t>» ami ii
Kh««i from hi Plata win n with
iit. .; ilicm a more «- i
ce allowed the exjsrelfion, joined as air of ■
. Xcrophun left them in , i
live (bftnefs *nd rir^ — V
It'ft is* an S] , and l^ur S^oVs ti
ccrnuig tbegenius. cbaraclrr, a:id pi inc <^Ic» of •»!* ma I .
apoJo$y n a real pancgytic withemi t ie form. PUto, u
ciily, it more eloquent ; Xcnaphon> peri).;
:.*; niraieir*. In i Socrates eouM h»*C r
rapc^^fka of h>i two diu.plci, he would perbups h
m Plato mort, but Xcnophoa would have
. •phon hat HtWifc left us a panegyric ii|
whom baatr tin expedition tr» Alia, and v
iiti2ingui(boi hitxifcic h\ h\\ toura** and I
(Jiejpcatdt kfttl id rrivfldfhip brtantti il* Pri
phi1- Ktf» ftom a pi too . :al
ji/eauieis of minc\ forbad anr (latuc to b* *:•
pMofopbcr railed a rt-n* durable ntonorncnt in *<■>;
.■rated th"fc viicura which he hinfcftf h I fceti .
tiis panci^fiv i> iKvrJfJ iftlO t*« JKj: r-ift ii oi
kind ol I H«A, ir '
the PllBCC1! CApIot s :.";-
i i !:cof«if he
jvUice, hi* cour^ • liesn fptf :.
->ove ail, lhat tioiplich'r tir tend i i was a d
mp i the charter or thole aacien: I
fcxowd gteai iclfon* witfcou; any potn;> -'a
litile and focnttioto mean
In Uic whole aflat? |>ata::
Wc near a wtuoa* man talking upon »in.ie, \\\ i^\- ,
y which \x.4-.n v.
550 M. Thomas'* IVoris,
This, in general, is the merit of the indents. Our manner,
both of ailing and writing, is much more oftentatious ; wi-
ther it is, that having no real greatnefs, we are the mas
felicitous to appear as if we had; or. whether the luxury
of our manners infects our tafte and genius, and froUs our
rclifli for genuine fimplicity; or, laftly, whether it oe,~$atfc
among a giddy and trifling people, who cad a rapid and fLpef?
ficial glance upon every thing, but fix their attention upon
nothing, every object mutt be prefented t*relitf% if r may be
allowed the expreffion, in order to be perceived.
If there be any of our modern writers to whom Xenopncri
may be compared, it is Fenclon. We find in both the Graie
elegant fimplicity, the fame graceful manner, the fame political
views, the fame regard for legal authority, the fame iofjtof
mankind, an unaffected taftc for virtue, that Tweet, nitnrar'and
eafy turn, which carries perfuafion into the heart of the reader,
without fatiguing him. There is, undoubtedly, a refembUncc
between the inftitution of Cyrus and Telemachus ; liaj, vte
might, perhaps, extend the companion to the characters thera-
felves. The Archbifhop of Cambray, 'tis true, did not com-
mand armies like the Athenian philofopher ; but the pbilofb-
pher was the counsellor and the friend of a virtuous and auftere
King of Sparta: and the Duke of Burgundy, the friend" and
pupil of the Archbifhop, was nearly of the fame character. Both
the philofopher and the Archbfhop were baniflied, but they lived
in tranquillity ; and, till the clolu of life, cultivated the three
tnoft plcafing things on earth, virtue, frirndfhip, and literature.
From the Greeks our Author proceeds to the Romans, arid
in pafikig from the one to the other, he obferves, that we have
nearly the fame fenfations with a traveller, who, after having
vifited the illands of the Archipelago, and the delightful climate
of ancient Ionia, {hould, all at once, be tranfported td the
Alps or the Apennines, where he would have a more grand and
roajetlic view of Nature perhaps, but where the fky, tar lefs
fercne and pure, would not make that lively and pleating im-
preflion upon his fenlVl which he felt in the foft and delicious
climes of Gicecc. At Rome, every thing was grave, flow, »nd
auftere. The Romans during five hundred years, were rather
difciplined robbers than men of genius j and, In all that time,
had neither arts, tafle, fenfibility, imagination, nor eloquence.
They borrowed every- thing, even their very errors. The
Greeks of Sicily, Calabria, and Campania, gave them their
deities, their fables, and their alphabet j the Hctrufcans, their
(uperllitious rites, their augurs, and their gladiators j A^ens,
Sj;arra, and Cteie ^avc them (heir laws of the twelve tables;
the aitifts of ToTcany a$& ^MwJtfUC^ ^bkr va&& ^ea^jbl and
wooden gods i the K\nu *uq> w&Wh $Mfc yah qfrfrqfa&\^
them, the form of ihm kb»* w& *** **«* <& «»^w
M. Thomas U'nku
Th
t
Sf«
rx.w
9
defence. Astheynttcnicd their con^udKa they -ijedthe
morjumentJ or ihc jrti, but richer icnew how I »,
ey bjii carried off a vafl
-, Magna (Jr*tUt and Macedonia1 j had p.'uradered Go-
th and Athens; )uJ trjnfporCcd :o Rome all the rrcafurea
©f the am, i and aviiicc had heaped up
At Delphi, during the fpue of fix hundred ycart, 5cfofc .; iirtHB
Re i style. After Greece . [uertfd. the Greeks
wcrctr-c Rome who cultivated ;be liberal ar6
with any dearer- of fucre's. The Greeks odnrncd the walli of
their palacti with px»ntins-i built their temples, their port-coi,
the indebted to t he Greek 1 tor
the arts which flow from genius j ia a word, they were their
ihcli admncrj, and their tyrants,
iguace, formed upon the old T fc i , waj composed
of turih andciugrecabic fcundj", and, At rirl\ bad neither TO-
»n, nor ham Laqguaitls the picWeof life;
it i* the ailcmbla^c of all the id*aj of* people expreffed by
Cj'ji '.v the Roman*, in th; Infancy of •-, hiv-
taeix lime divided between the cxcrcilcso; war and a^ricul-
if ideas, nor
c;cau thofe ii^n*. which rcprcfcnt them! "I heir poverty and
AuAce way of life prevented their having that rmcty of deli-
cate fcnfauoiu, which, when cxprcflcd by w:irdi, -■.•lb
•«n&uac;ci. Ignorant of what is called fociety,
which in every toui iiy is the rtFccl of id'enefs and lu\ury, (her
city of idea* and fcatimenu which nM
ra I/ intl neccfTanly arife from it ; in J lairly being litde a.cnf-
torrcd u ■ and reflection, th*; p;rt of language v. ;».ih
deai mufl have beca, iu a £tcat a . un-
known to tl>
h - pot li all furpnfing, therefore, that eloquence, which is
Ijr connected with the perfc lion of anguage*, i
en even anv^ng the CJrccko chcrafclvci rirote after all the
other -it., Hi mid be fa long before it made irance at
Jfcomc. Nctw tMhnding i i of eiril liberty, i -/eat
cbated, and the pWure'of
rig a free people by public fpeakinc, there w.i* not an
tM4t< mr, before Cato appeared.
oftriij empire, which was confhntly enlarging ;
,rtcd up every thing, which fummorxd
"r~? I vt to appear before her ; tbofc Generals and
who went to cvnqucr or vovcrn remo;e provineei, and
crc inccflajrtly traversing Afu, Europe, and A frica; a!l con-
I to prevent the Roman language from : [fuming or
crvinj an unity of characlcr. L«cn t.V»c CatxTwj^ ^W»
tog from the Greeks wnaiera w:.*. •k^xw/.w
l: n <?r their 'angoa^a or thc^r idea* .^.va^l ^
IS n 3 ^
&
55» Jfi Thomas'* Wot}u
the'Romans, and contributed to form a people who had nothing
original' and who could only imitate, 'other*. They -looked
upon. language and the. arts as object* of ronqueft ; ufurptftg
every thing, and creating nothing. -•...:
The language of a watlike people, however, bad a tendency
to balo'nefs and prcciflon ; of a people who commanded Kingt,
to a certain degree uf dignity ; of a people who difcufledtbe uv
icjcfts.of all the nations upon earth, to a kind of "gravity \ of a
fyce people, whofe paflions were ftrongand impetuous, CD vigour
and energy: accordingly, when this language was enriched uriib
all the fpoils of Greece ; when the conquerors found mailers and
models in the countries of the conquered j when the riches of
the whole earth had introduced poltrencfs and luxury -into
Rome, and together with them, the principles of tafte ; then«io*
quence rofe to the grcateft height, and Rome had a Cicero to
oppofe to a Derooftbenes, a Cjeiar to a Pericles, and in Hot-'
"tcjiiius to an /Kfchincs, ■ .. ■•'•.:-
Thefe are fome of the reflections wherewith our Author -in-
troduces his account of the Roman panegyrHls, after which he
gives a general view of thofe who preceded Cicero, upon whofe
character, both as a ftatefman end an orator, he makes foot
very juft obfervations ; but they- are fuch as have been often-"
repeated. He concludes this part of his fubjed in the fallow-
ing manner: *: J*
After fpeaking of thofe praifes which Cicero bellowed upon
others, it may not be improper to fay fornethingof thofe which
he beftowed cpon himfelf. It is well known that he was fond'
of glory, and that he did not always wait for it. He pursued it
eagerly, as if be had entertained fome doubts of being ablet*
' overtake it. Let us pardon him, however, efpecially nlter^is
exiles and let us confider that he had boia hatred and jealoojy-
to combat. A great .man under perfecution has privileges -
which the red of mankind have not. Cicero, after bis mum'
from baniihment, might well invoke thofe :gods of the Captr**-
whom he had preferved from flames when Conful ; he aji^ht
well call upon that fenatc. which he had faved from fliughref;
that Roman peaplewhom he had delivered from flavery : fte
might well mention how his monuments were deftroyed, hk
name effaced, his houfes demolilbed and reduced to aiWes,1 soft
reward for his fer vices : he might well make mention, when
{landing; upon the ruins of his own palaces, of the day and
hour w.hco the fenate and the people of Rome hud proclaimed
him the. Father of his Country. Ah 1. who could it-
p'oich. him for enumerating his public Cervices, in. thofe' tender
moments, , when the foul, protefling agsrinjt the injaftlce .df
mankind, fcems raifed above herfelf by thofe noble and exalted
/entimenls which natur*l\y now -torn ^ptiftftNfefc lYttaa %n& &i-
tcmtvJr He praifed k'unto* » *tt» ttWi *yy&.«ewa. w^Smsus -«a
M. Tlwnu'r tt'wkt.
Mi
tafia r-era^nj. H*s «on o£l, n tfcii refped, baa been
often, acd no doubt will be otc n c iiiur d. A) for mc. I nrj-
Irv MIC him, i fb*<l on r oV<nc, (bar, when
« nation- hi» name vanity than piuic, it fen 4 h igbct value upon
th' iljitcrm.: and being flactotd ; :•- raorr de*
« f fetimg WbH <;fT b, lit. c uing»ir=Qead or |NK)
i« rnorr offcMcO with th» noble freedom or native limphcity ot'
a cbtra&ct which dlrccru rtfc!ft an I u not afraid of declaring ic
publicly- I i mni offrrwed with Montefautrn fur dai-
uwt, to far, // m« awjjS, /* ftitt pktttm Tht molt cand-d and
impntlnl p* even wlalit they ex|
cfteem, aru defucu* tit of rcnaartsg it.
Aoloog the iwitoh rcpuulJLj.i litem lltowed £N*M caictgy
ol* fcrtciinent, arid prciter freedom of language. 1 hat weak*
nef* of character, which is ftded poJfecflcfs, and ii fa
fearful of (necking (elf Uivc, that it 10 far* a fefileft and vain
loibcci. tractor^ was then unknown. Men ware Jo
awArtiutsa of n. .ucttr, anc mute of real grandeur aisJ dignity.
Ah ! iet weakae/a (ometi<t>« allow trre:>gtb 10 Ut\ it& own
>ofta.ice 1 and, ;l it be pcfilblr, bl m COOfitnl Io have great
men, even a: th 1 pi -< 1
e feetimenu, wtiatcrcf opinion may be cntcrcaiocd of
Cicero 'a yanity, are candid and H Sera I, and d»> honour to M.
7**avt. — W( could, w th rlrafurc, accompany him in his pro*
y re a through the federal periods or the Roman h:ftory, but the
boueds pccicnbcd to tb« article will not ndn.it of it, Wc Oull
corxlodc, therefore, with a (Wt view of what ii contained
in h»a itconii volu-ne. It 11 introduced with a general account
of (be barturous ages, of (he revival of letter*, and of (ho
Hhgti that w.-re coovpo«rfl\ in modern Latin, in da'c tixrrenth
and Jbvesuccmh centuries. In thus part of ihc work, the
Reader will mid Uitre judicious and ingenious ms
ano parti c»ur!y a very jatt character of the ccLebra.iei Ct ..
Cina Queen of Sweden.
The Author goes ontorrni oftbe Bkfu of/*. 7#oj»j,— of fu*
aeral ocatton* in the early ago of French btermiarcv fro**
F rones* the ift to th*- iei»n n\ Henry rhr -th,— (be junegynct
upon !<ewis the 1 j'h, Cardinal Richelieu, and Caxdanai Mv-
zarinj after whi.U be proceeds to the age of Lewis tbt 14th,
wn»ch it pcnet-Hv < ' 1 d ihcageof great men, anJ which, M.
Thomas fays, mi nt, witl) coujI truth, he called the age of
patfsfiict. Pra'.fe-t were never roore liberally bcftowrtl than
in thu age i it was indeed a lund of national dtllcmper. riap-
[ilv, however, talle, we are to^d, and elcxjoencc, were already
formed. >Ar dffma J4 I* fitrti 4* <e.9A?!:rt, lay* o.ir Authoe^ m
onA 4» mtuu 1* mtriu 4m //fff^— Praife, continue* tae% wsi V«uc-
ttme$ beihwed with oVJicacy, somctimci <*\»^ ^o«»v \ ^'°^ V**
N n 4
\we
&t Th' ATMa+f Art tfiit Chhfy, -£*.
lite eoortirrt, under a goverrtrnentirrwhich there was a great
deal cf tdais mingled dignity with their homage, «w*, by-chta
eloquence, did honour to tbofe mailers whom they R»u«retf.- *
: M. Thomas goes on to enumerate the principal ob&acJti to
the revival of eloquence, and to point out Tome of the carta
which contributed to its revival at thii particular rjerksd; He
bellows a long chapter on this fubjeft, and what he fcya upoa
St will give pleafure to every Reader of fafte and observation,
After this he proceeds to Mafearon, Bofluet, Flechier, Board*
loue, de la Rue, Maflillon, and C. Perrault, wbofe characters,
«s pxnegyrifts, he marks very diftin&Iy, especially: that of -fiof-
■fnet ; and then endeavours to give a jirft eftimate of the charac-
ter of Lewis the 14th himfelf. What he fays of this Prracc
Appears to us very candid and judicious but it is too long to
4fe inferred, and an abridgment of it would give little (atkfctcliort
to an inquifitive Reader. ■>■
He proceeds to trace the hiftory of panegyrics in France, from
the death of Lewis the 14th to the year 1748 ; after which he
gives an account of academical Ekgn ; of thofe by FowteneHe
-and fome others : and concludes the volume with a genera} view
of panegyrics in Italy, Spain, England, Germany, and Rufia,
together with fome very pertinent obfervations on the present
-anode of panegyrical compofition in Fiance.
A R T. V.
jtM MilUairt des Cbimoh, ou Rtauil d' Ancient Trait h fur la Quere%
cempojis aiiaxt I'tre ehntienne* far dijj\ rents Gtniraux Qbixui.
Ouvrages fur IefqueU les afpirants aux Grades Militaircs font obli-
ges de fubir des exam ens. Ovy a jcint dix precepts airtjfes aux
troupes par VEmpereur Voxc-tthi Kf;, fere de tEmftmr t'igmavt.
Et A rhnfhti Grefuhi four Vlttttlhgence dis Exereijit, def Tw«-
- *'#*/, des llabil'.tnentes, dts Armes et des hjiramentt rmjitmws de;
• Chinait.— The military Art of the Chirnrte, or a Collection of
aoticnr Treatifes upon War, comtol'ed before the Coriliiin ./Era,
by different Chincfe Generals. lb which are added, ten Precepts
, addrcilvd to the Troops by the Emperor Yong-tchskc, Father or
the pieitnt Emperor. TrariflateJ into F:cuch by the P. Ambt,
Mi^or.ary at Peking. Reviled and p.cblifhed by M. fceguignes.
4to, Paris. 177/.
A N advertifement prefixed to this curious publication to-
jtSl farms us, that the treatifes upon tin; military art of the
Chincfe, which are contained in it, were fern from China, by
.the translator, to M. Benin, mtniftcr and fecrxtary of Qmct
that M. Berlin, with the King's permiffion, maintains a re-
gular correfpondence with fome learned Chincfe, who trao/mit
memoirs every year to France, and which are communicated
oW tfccmiaifkr Co the- Public. ,
v. ' Of
Tjr Afdicr, 4n ./ ih Clwji, ff<.
35J
Of tb« military treaufea corn poled .by the Chjnefc, cberc are
fix to Which, itxy ot ^<iy:» ©( cJaflical pcrfor-
ounce&j <► obliged to ittii'y cireftiJly, and
to undergo a public caumumion conccinicg thtm* Tl-.c jirft
u entitled Su*-tjit the fecund Oa-tfe, ibe third Sr-jsc./jr, the
fomth /*#•**• ihc fa(tl» Um-tjt% the tutth 2T*-f>a»£, U-
I'. Awio* baa ooiy given ttc tiift, Lc<orvJ, atad third of tacie
«oi- L\v«*al»y fecjcittfl by the Public, ha
fcCCl JUee the whole. "1 he original*, ia the
;/kinefol*a)£nage« a»c all, we aft told, in (he King 01 luocc'i
hoi. toUfdion «,uiled /'atf-i.'*/, that ii, tht Sa-ofcrV*
fnort preliminary liifcouric by ibe translator, be ae>
•■», lhac the CT.itxAc hare had general* woo may be
.ith the Alcxsnderc an J Ca:far» of. antiquity ; ami that
iKt> of toe Above mentioned wcika ia nvorc valuad than
any of the rcfl. It was- compotcd by iWfir, one of toe braves?
*nd abkft g«ncral* that China can boaiL The Chinede list
fo high * v*iu« upon it, thai they conftdcr it a» a maftcr- piece
of the hinej, a* a ml modd, and u an abrtraS of whatever
\>z fiajd on tbc an of ww. This work conliiled originally
pi eighty* two chapter*, ol* which thirteen onir remain. An
ijcror of CbiL*, named /Oat- li, who lived about the hep
ifth century, wrote a commentary upon it, which
ii much c.tccmcd.
I nti work wiil certainly be more admittd by the European
re«J«r as a euricfity, than for the fak? of xny iattrucrion which
it m.iy afford w.th ;<fp<Cl to (he ate 0/ war , yet there axe ia
it i I worth our attention.
The tmfrtitfU by :hc iuupcror, contain feme good moral
r«Ic$» according to the genial and manners of tdr Chioefe.
They arc fo fretktral n» to be no Ufa uieful iu civil than
in a military life : tbey rcSete rather to die /urming and difci-
troopi corM:.der*d aa nm thin mfU&rt* Tha i» a
point of in futile moment, ;rtJ hifthiy worthy of our arrtiti'taon.
The preface to the on the tniiirarjr art, bjrlus-
//i, and publi/bed for (Sc ur« of the arm by the hmperor Kan-
Urt til iyiO, is intended tc ft*w tfiac feverity of Jiltipl r>e wiil
make the moft ignorairf, and -u^wirJ, good loWien, in « few
hours. The proof given of tr.ii.ia however verychahliali
no axans r»"-Ovei the h£t. The cnantpfc ia liius re-latex: 1
General beailing of toil his art in the prcicocc of the Emperor,
hia Mtyt&y ordered hiei iKc ot' his women* headed by ha
two favourstc ladies ; and upon oictt he waa corn ro traded to try
the experiment. Tb« General hereupon anrn and aoetraten
them like foldien, and wub grtai Icrmatiry ^ivca thtn\ iiAk^e-
•JJS *** Military Art *fik Vbmtfi, 6V.
tiems to turn to th* right and left at certain fignals given by
the- drum. They burft out into firs of laughter at the Ge-
■neral's gravity, and ar their own ridiculous figures, and do not
«bey. After he has admonifhed them, and reiterated his orders
Several times, fo as to be well understood, he again repeats
CBtm, and is again laughed at : upon which he tella them they
have dilobcyed orders, and by tne military law they muft fufa
xkath, This he particularly addreiTes to the two ladies Who were
ike commanders. The King, informed of this fentence, fends
in a great hurry to forbid the execution ; but the General is
inexorable. He cuts off the heads of the two ladies with bis
own band ; and then, with great coolnefs and compofure, places
two other ladies at the head of the troop. They now turn to
the right and left with profound filence and exa&nefs : and thus
the General accomplishes his undertaking, to make good1 W-
diers in a few hours.
The next fe&ion contains thirteen articles, compofed entirely
•tl- a principle of dr/ence. The grc-telt caution is every where
ricoftim<nded. The General is never to attack but when be
irtouch fuperior in number, or has evidently the advantage in
situation. He is to fee his wav Clear before him, for many
leagues, before he advances, left his army (hould i utter any »-*
.convenience from want of forage or pruviftons. If be fhould
arrack, and gain the victory, he is directed to take particular care
suM to pufli it too far, left he fhould reduce his enemy to defpair,
and they, becoming defpe:ate, fhould vanquilh him in their turn.
'When he lies near them, he is to ufe every art to debauch their
officers and foldiers, and to entice them to betray their coun-
try: the words are, 'endeavour to debauch the beft of their
party; — otters, prefems, careffes, let nothing be omitted; and
even deceive them, if it (hould be neccflary. Engage, if pol-
fible, the moft worthy, inactions the moil bafe and unbecoming
their reputation, that they may havereafon to be afhamed yrben
thele actions are known : and do not you fail to divulge tbem.'
To inftil fuch maxims as thefe into the minds of officers and
commander? of armies, is furely moft unworthy of a great Em-
peror; and it is alfo bad policy. He who commits unworthy
actions in the fervice of his Prince, wiil make ufe of tbem
againft him, whenever his own intereft is concerned. There
can be no dependence upon a man whofe anions do not rcfuJc
iroen the principles of honour and integrity.
We find here fome good general rules for the management
of an army ; but caution and care are fo recommended and in-
forced, almoft in every line, that we may venture to pronounce,
that an army guided and governed by fuch rules, would never
make a brilliant figure •, at\A \V\ax. towS^ mv tW-A^w <w&ld never
oroducc cither a Getas ot m KVtwacAw* K<3r**a»&«iWk*
Tie Mitiury JfktfAi Ctimfa tfr.
557
tied by tlic cj:c c.f picfr;v:i»| hissuinw will <vcr lie i«»
capable 01 great oltooi, Svmcthin.: truft freujucnrl J|
in J wficic 4 murt. en a Ccnera] unci
►ey will think ttac nothing a beyond their |>ow«c
tu - ft i ajul tbey will very fcldom be dir»[!poirwtd,
!n:thVyl* wtitlt) by Ou-tfc? there arc several julr reflections,
Ka Icing? to nuke before they go (o wtr. * Eoe-
lime is lecftmpenttd and »k*
|i\in tout distinction* are ever formidable. They art
nut io»inu j«ilitc, but they pra&ife what they
teach. What irsen ccUJ ycu obtain from them by aim*, tb*c
vou could aoc ub-ta.u by negotiation .'' Ncvcrtbctcia wc fiiH
meet wi! cautious maxims. For intrarrc*^
* never fi^bc with enensic* cither more numerous or beater armed
than yourulf.*— />)•/ would never hir? been (hot by this people.
-•bfervationsof Se-ma t'a, appear to us to be written by*
much abler hand than any ot the foregoing pieLrs. There art
excellent rules foe a Central in molt of the branche* ot the an
uf w.i , cfuci.tlly as tv the well ruvcniing hi* troops* The
knowledge of grounds, uiih the advantage! of pofls and ofen-
cajupnn- uted in a ma Iter 7 manner . and the Author's
idea of the nrrr.n h;i Gcncial, does him honour.
To govern w tl be lays, is to employ all lawful
nuins to picfervc .er : to* nuke * U. ill lelf-
intcrtft, even of life iueii", il that ihc-uus be tseeeilary. Henco
he will govern without fear, without reipeel to p«ilor%, wkh-
of each individual tbe performance
of bit duty i but he will dv ih'ta with 11; nit jtccetUxi to j-ill
<rxtl *nd humanity; that is to lay. without rurlhnef*}
capiicci withoi uy.
Thi| Gtnfral, nevi :fae national charter
ivri#/i and <iriumjftJJMnB One of his mut'ir.s is 4 never to
m pi co j'.f* a rive it) (be faic of aa ci.cuij :' a rule which
li - 1 been broken by alrnolr every Central <J reputation, both
;.odan» ai.J rnoft frequently vritb fu<^
The laft ic.'t;. u . ctercifffa and evolu-
tions of the Chiiulc troopa. Thcic exc7tifc3»likc ihofc ofe>e*y
cacy and active m the
ule "I arm*.
'latere ;i no accuvi ti . <f luuwJcOrc of tbc artillery!
nr tKef<ienec .:f c.ij: cc . n China ; nererth:;ei'it :jppoiir»j(
wi have oo icai'on to douht, we:
mi1 ! e well veifr.d in, at Uaft, the
th<. ar:uf*;.r. I'crhaut they *rc, and have been, for
many yean, as fat advanced i.n military knowledge as ever it-
will be. Their geniui feems co rxcliidc ihccn Ueyrci OmM W?
uafl!c ,*3rr> riar fpitit oi*advc.Tjare, which fcwn« xVvc ^\^4.v w»
Jj8 Phihfiphkttl Emqmria nmcflwaynW Egyptian, &*•
*nd the hero,— who finds refourrca within himfeff beyond ail
rolcs. What confirm us in this idea, is their maxim that eke
excellence of any cuftorn is to be eltimated by the length of
time wherein it has been pra&ifed \ beJieving that it would eat
have been fo long adhered to, had not its utility been proved,
Monf. de Pauw, author of PbikfopbUal Enquirin cNUtnan* tbt
Cbinefi, <kc. (of which an account is given in the enfuingAm-
clt) takes notice of this Art militant its Cbinois \ and oWerres,
that theChinefe axmy iscompofed of five clailes, via. Ftnft, the
cavalry, who are armed with bows like the ancient Scythians
and 1 artars, and can ufe them in full gallop, as well as the
Parthians. The fecond diviiion comprehends thn cenooncers
and arquebufiera. The third confifts of the ptkecnea. In the
fourth are the foot, who ule the bow ; and in the ifto, thofc
who are armed with the ihield and fabre.
1 The cxercifes of all thefe troops, fo different ia their arms.
referebles' (fays M. de F.) *a theatrical entertainment, or a
ballet dance, in the plans given of them in the book pnblkned
by U Ptri jtm'ft* He gives a dcfciiption of the tnoft corious
of them, for which we refer to his work ; and he concludes
with observing, * that they are fucb an heap of corxftiftoo-, that
he can comprehend nothing of the matter ; that he believe!
the good Father himfelf comprehended as little; and that the
drawings fent from Pekin to Paris, fcem to represent, for roe
rnoft part, mere ideal manceuvrcs,or military diversions.' Tbt»
is poflibly too fevere : but we were willing to let our Readers
know what opinion had been formed of this part of M. De-
guignes's publication, by a writer fo ingenious and penetrating
as M. de Pauw.
An t. VI. • '•- "
Mv.hcTdhn Pbilofopbifuei, Wr. — Philofophical Enquiries conosroiag
the hgyptiins and the Chinefe. By ftl« De P ■ f, uao.
2 Vols. Berlin. 1773.
HOWEVER reprehcnfiblc the philofophy of the prcfeBt
time muft, in Tome refpecls, be thought, theie is no doubt
but that in others it has been productive of great advantages.
The infernal zeal of fu perdition feems to have abated under its
influence. Fanatic ifm appears to be grown more fober, and in-
tolerance fomewhat lefs intolerable. Polemical divinity, too,
has, apparently, repofed her arms. Her military officers, the
learned Abbes, have, Alexander-like, turned their ambition to-
ward the Eaft. The fpoils of Oriental learning are the objects
of their emulation and acquifnion. This is quire the ran in th:
- f Author, as w? firppofe, of Rtebtrtkit fbihfobiymi J'»t-Ih A*f
tieaioi .* fee Appw'ocix :o Review, vol. xliL % '
■.-".. politsft
politeft -cJ braced academics on the contiocrrt. St.
Xivcriui ami Sr. lgr- stvets waj to the Jionzc jnd rt*
liiaroin, and St. Ado and 5:. I'ru 4 to :lu itdOi.iu. D-tf- •
» indeed, ftili ^rc by mo means fanguirn
Whether the Egyptians Dad twrn;. -hve, or twenty-two Jcttwa
in their alphabet ticO years brio re the ChriQun arra, the con-
toft Is t»oe I i masTacrc or revolution in
rope.; and the Oiicutalsris, iu difpuie cotKernu>g the tomb
of Zoroaster, axe much lets dangerous than were the Janfeiuftf
ox the lotos of their Abbot dc Pam. Si> far iotiety is the
gainer.
.• years ago • an attempt was made to prove that the
Chin-eft were originally Egyptian cm-giants, from a fioulaiKy
its lheir wnunc characters, the figure* on their ilituea, <Vc
their methods of" ournputation, and other cirrutnttancei. Tu
overthrow this argument, wh.eh kerned to have uicen pJace .u
Fu*i'|*c, and to represent it as ^louudlcfs, is (be objc& of lie
caoukics bofore us.
Tnc Assibor oiviie* his wot It iuto three part*.
In the 1ti!t he treats of the trhincle and Egyptian women,
the ifcate oft population aoiong both pcop.c, and the food thejr
live upon.
Tift fcond part is on the Hate of painting and fc til putt*
among the Egyptians, the Chinct'c* anJ trie people of the
taft in fertcral; conciudtn* with the Hate of chcauftry and
architecture aruoagkl il lasyj mi Chiiicfc.
1 he third, which a> the Urgeft part, is whollr on the reli-
gion and government of tJ;c Egyptians and Chinrltr.
i'tum these tevcral cooiparauvc views, the Author deduce*
hil cottfajuence, »it- that there never was any migration irons
Eg} XK to Cntna ; at Iralt, Out the Chincie were not originally
a colony (sons eigyp:.
:*ir nun pair, as we have never looked on Mr. Need*
ham's or ?.i. Ui Curves'* arguments 'or the Egyptian origin
csf the Claincfe, to U any ibirig mxc than » v.uitou» and iugc-
mo- ire, we wanted no conviction o* their being **-
tupfsonaUc ; >ct a 1:oujc that treats of she artii law*, sod wan-
ncraof diaTeivni naimt of antiquity, may, exclusively of the
fsnal ia.po4ua.ee of UK argument, haw its utility, aasdbc lead
with pleasure.
Vrty rarife on the (Lite of painting and fctalntare,
among the F-aftorns, we have felr&cd the fallowing paJaagcs :
* h is a sneiaocked) conuderatiosi, that (he a>i«aiau past of
die kdixy uf the -its All toe iunaiua that
;tcd, make but a muoJared body, yet foch as is
• See Review, vol. xaix. p. )i, tf-jfip. A Mo f«i. aiiv. p. }ii-
5 Ufc
Phtitfipk'Ml fsrasfsrirj essuraaf tU rT/^U/aa;, be. 55^
job Phttofifbi&tEtiquiries concitning tit Egyptians^ j<r.
fufficient to excite our admiration, aud to pro ve,-4 more eJiec-
"tu ally than all arguments, the antiquity of our globey .. J .-
"c Pliny fell into an unpardonable contraction, when i he
maintained that the art of writing was known from aUcter-
Hity, and dented that the arc of painting had been; exerciied
in Egypt fix thoufand years, which are certainly nothing in
ttomparifon of time immemorial. . -
c Plato found no difficulty in believing that the Egyptians
bad applied them (elves to painting ten thoufand years. It is
true, Plato was a bad chronologer, being juftly reproached as
ignorant of the chronology of his own country 3 but every rea-
fonable man will allow that we are not here to dil"pute..a>outa
day or a month, as might be the cafe with refp;c"t 10 the infti-
tution of the Olympiads, or the reduction of Troy, The hath
of the arts is not a momentary thing. It is the erred of.a mul-
titude of circumftances, borne on the current of maoy^gta.
The firft colony that came from Ethiopia into the Thebaid,
brought with them a kind of hieroglyphic writing. Thus, be-
fore Egypt was inhabited, or even habitable, the art of dclign
had made fame progrefs among the Ethiopians, whofc gyauw-
fophiffs, or prielts, were, certainly, potfefTed of annals.— No
books, however, are more totally loft to the world, none more
to be icgrerted ! , ,
4 To defcend into the dark gulf of thefe times would b^vain,
or to attempt to fix the era of the art of painting atoong the
Egyptians, when they tell us that their JCing Thotfof&res
amufed himfelf with this art, or at lead with delineating hiero-
glyphics, at a time when Greece and the reft of Europe ,wxrc
yet covered with forcfts, beneath whofe (hades a few lavages fed
oh acorns. j", w A[~.\
• • • 9
* The Egyptians have been exceedingly blamed for making the
feveral profeffions hereditary in certain families \ and It" has wen
fuppofed that painters and fculptors were among the number o{
thofe who followed (ucceffively the occupation of their fathers*
without even the power of chufing any other. M. Goguet*" had
the reputation of having written very judicioufly, when be at-
tempted to demonftrate that this fatal cuQnm had given a. mac-
til blow to the fine arts. It is, however, aftonitning no one
fhould difcover that this cuftom never exiiled, and thai the
queftion had nothing in it. .
* • • *
6 It was not cuftomary in Egypt, as in Rome, to hang rise
walls of the temples. with a number of votive tablets. Such u
* Sec an account Of W* Origin of Low** Axtt, o»4 ^vw.«\, \k«»
voi.xxv. p. 17^ ^
Phitcfrfkitti Erquirit$ urunning tbtAjMjfinf, :
had any reference to (hipwrcck, were upended irt the
thruufh Europe, tiai ibfoifct
lbip, that fiod3ef« t vi wit
: is vriVi truth tbat Ju*cn*l li
Iran v : —Ac ihc fame
« maintain her own, v I occUjiajfttP
frrmi to have been iba: of ttgufin i- carlhrnaj-c,
- upi, boat?, mummy cafe*, and fu/r.ilh Dg dc*-
fi£ni ' i and foe Certain cotouictl liners. Far is
to the *»!*» *4 bey were once co-
loured, the oloura Izfice foe ^criy,
they wr.-e ne\cr effaced. Tbia appears from r ic ;.i ntu
Hill eXrtl in the Tep^.eh .WWai, an4 we undoubt-
edly antiques, white aranr other*, ilut bare been tacen for
fuc*», were ihf mj lufaiturc of Greeks and Rciruns, or, ihc
fcltChriiKin .
• I do.ibt* whether the Egyptian* had any fcercat
procefleito nuke their colouring and their .11. a fbmc
travellers hive fufpeclfds 'or the Greek art ills i'cem to hav*
knoirn preparationi of the like kinJ. Theft arc what Ifocrato,
cited by Pottux, call* PAarmaea, and under thfc general term
are ineWrJ almott ill the ingredient* nude ufc of by the
painters of antiquity.
4 I here never wa», firce toe beginning of the wotW, aa
Kcyptian painter »ho acquired the lead rrnut Su
Mris; for Antiphiluj and Puicmon were Greeks of Alexan-
dria, who had leant the p of isSm uodc
mafrcrt. The city of Alexandria itfelf, in the rmdrt 01 i
ceiwble opulence, and unexampled luxury, was fill! povi in
thefe work* of art j for Augtiftut, when, ;S\st the death of
Cleopatra, the whole wealth of the family of the Lu^ik* de*
rofved upon him, carried nothing away but one mubcr.-v-
TeflcJ, and a finale picture, which rcprcfentcd rlyaciatboa, ani
wa» painted by the iireck, Niciaa ; from whence one may con*
elude that he did not think the reft worthy to be exhibited
the capital of the world.
• It wat owing to prejudice and a vitiated taire, that the
Kmperor Hadrian fhewed io much fo.ndr.efi for Egypt w i (l««
In this we cannot altogether agree <with o-jr Authc. V.'c
entrrtain a higher idea of ihc Egyptian ftaluary In \ir9
and have ourfrlvcs iccn an Lgyptui antique of Ovpitu,
which rnnfl haie done I the Mgfaeft honour. There
appears, however, to be much weight and truth in the f©3-
Jowing reReclions.
* \t>Ae^M\^*£c»4
tion ol
56a PUtfif^Jbtwip W!7^P $&&&**** Jjft
« IndepcpdenU^ of the general cwfiM that hwrc hindered the
progrefs of the fine arts among the people of the Exfl, it feean
that the Egyptian mythology, in particular, was founded on
(peculations that afforded the painter and the ttatuary buifew
refourccs. They were to place human heads on the bod*; of
brute animals, and the heads of thofe animal* 011 human bo-
rfiee. It was their hufinefs to decompound real exigences, zaS
multiply monfters : in which circumstance it was impoifcbk :>j
eonfult Nature, cither to polifh rudeae/s, or to rectify defun.
Without models they created fantaftic beings that fecrnedto
belong to another world ; and it is on. this account that Apj-
lciu . and Ammian. Marcellinus, fpcaking of certain fyn\bojjt*i
figures of ancient Egypt, call them animals of amtber ;'.s»SraV>
for this expreffion of theirs was plairily metaphorical, and no
intimation, as fome commentators have fuppofed, that AcncrJc^
was known to the Egyptians*/ •«*•,..
The following circumflarice, making- a part of the '09^$*-
>n of M. De Guignes's fyftem, is pleafant enough: , * .
4 Whan the ridiculous fyftein of the Egyptian origin. q( tho
Chinefe was adopted in Europe, it was alleged that ttere Utt
a vifible refemblance between tne phyfiognomy of .t,he CMnefc
and thofe of the Egyptian ftatues : and, by the mop unicr
countable illuiion, people were led to believe that- they, gouli
recognize Chinefe features in the mummies, whofe , tJocany oft
muft not only have undergone great alterations from ;lje lapfc
of ages, and thedrynefs of the fiefh, but even from the jug-
knee they fuffcrcd in taking away the partition ofithc.fiofc,
which was done in order to extract the bcain through .the. nok
trils, and fill up the cavity with gums. ' This cartilage, feeing
taken away, which. is always the cafe, the whole .form of. the
countenance is changed, and it acquires a £atne&./oc#£wfclt
like that of the Chinefe. Founded on this, poffibJy, is.urt>aj mt
read in Dion, who allures us that the Emperor Augu&ua, ;whca
in Egypt, disfigured the mummy of Alexander the Lla^l, Jnr
touching it prccifely on the fpot where the cartilage o/tke nolo,
had been taken away by the cmbalmers.
* But how abfard,' adds our Author, very judicioufltv * ta
have recourfe to ill made fUtucs and dead carcafes, when the
modern Copts who Inhabit Egypt, and are undoubtedly de-
scended from the ancient Egyptians, may be confulted on. the-
argument. Mow thefe Copts do not in one Angle feature. re-
ferable the Chinefe, who, fprung from a race of Tartars,. #•*
tain their original character, have thiu beards, (mail eyes, aod
iat nofes.
* See this opinion mainlined, by M. De Q UlgRCtj Review, vol.
'.
1 *)C c
■
iih to in»
1 nc reti
ny other nrooA (hit Equally invsli-
ptiflti origin of the Cb»ncfe ,
rem fVclrtrlcc in the ftructure of the two
*trieO)ti i£ rooflofyi*abic, that n( the
onfiftng of words of many fy.lahSr*. AtwJ il
:hc ftror^cft arguments UK can be nKeJgrl
Mancc between the cfragon of Chinx and the afffc
of EgVpt i: ftc*h to &c perfectly ideal.
onneQion between the bird Ftm-htdlt
and -■■.'.-. * 'lira Chine Pc know noth. c\ct di<J
BN*Vny ilimj» of the canicaUr cycle, coalpofed of fourteen
hundred anJ fixtyone jear»j of couric ic i. to no po'pofc to
uftt of the pboc
* The arts which the Egypt! iWed with the ^reateft
fucctf-., were unknown to the Chmcfc, even in their firfl ptin«
<tolcs. "Not to mention th< .inufa£ture, the operations,
of which were uuV Cninn c ■! 1 the reign of C>*-/;.; , i: is
certain they had made no piogrcfs in engraving fine tinner,
hardly know how to polifh. It fhouM fcem, fny«
M Anrcrmory, that thefc people frt no value on diamond*.
Thct nave but few amon/ them, and cbofc are as J! cut ai
(J of iticFi C) ilom-nonw.'
Tfte followinc observations on the efofti of climate on •*-
may pnfltbly be new to many of oar Readers.
4 Of ill fhr*effefl< rhat ihr continual fervor of the air prodnm
oti 'the human body, the moft fin thit wh;ch has,
hftw known. In hot climate), men fleer!
fflUFfHt roan thofc that live under the temperate xonc,
lefs fllil than the inhabitant* of the northern regions, where the
viral bcareo^ccntrre-l ar the heart of the ftarrich oceafonf the
fleep of rhe Gieenlandcn and the Kfquimaux to continue a
lon^ lent* hnre ohf-rvrd that under the tropl
men tleep without dreaming. *I hey would hare been nearer
the lruili, if* (her had attributed this exerr-ption to the inhu
rants of (be polar region*. U *t a eircon.'rirKe already ob*
fcrf*4 by Boerruarc, that in all hot blooded animals. Been n:
prnhsMy dimini(hts in proportion a* the weako* ft of the Ho*
rtttcl iow, in hot dilutes that wejfcncfi is fuchV
tlrat if Tfature had not providently produce! a number of .r«>-
natic plant?, wtiKrh it s ..bfoUtely neeetTary Cot men id ufc m
]flftt abundance, no r>nc n
Trc rcfult of Thi;. o!
■its here fpokc/i of in. . . . inl fount tiv,£bV~ ^"^li
• tecanfe they enfojf ^ixBtffc ^fw>fe; flit' nothing but flWfi «i-
jpiril ot artificially procured by drags, ion calm the viutfyi-
?:Ti»'. Heltce what we call itr our poets eni\wfiafm% 4a in theirs
' xfa&Mr* and /x/cyj^. Expreffions the mod hyperbolical appear
to them inadequate to the defcriptton -of what i hey imsgux:
■■<hey fee or feel ; snfcmuch that the verfes of Pindar fectt oait
a kind of prtfi rmrtfaatt in comparlfon of theirs. I have long
been convinced that the monfters and Thinners* that pew be-
neath the pencil of the painters and the cbiuel of the fculptort
•' of the-Eaft, fprung from the fame fburee with the metantor?,
"'the allegories and exaggerated fibres of the Eafterrt pbetsr It
was the exorbitancy of imagination that led both the one and
She other beyond the bounds of common fenfe, withouc"wbicta
-"'all we think and all we fay is rnonftroua/- • : ' rJT*
* Were it made a matter of enquiry, we ftould probabi J: find
. Hat verifiers of this caft cempofe with the greatest1 Aridity,
where they appear to exert the (trongeft emphal&s. •• When -we
' fee the varies of Corneille fo pompons', and thofe of Racine fo
.natural, we can hardly imagine, fays Mofltefquieu, that Cor*
« tieitle wrote with eafe and Racine with labour.** The reason
i of (his is, tbat to exhibit Nature well> requires much careahd
tcfleilionj and that from a variety of thoughts to draft forth
• the propereft and the heft, much time and application oinft be
requifuc'. To (trike out of the direct road of Nature is bat to
abandon ourfelves to the torrent of ideas, winch bean us along
' with wonderful rapidity. The main art, however) ia al way* to
rake the -greatcfl pains, and produce works that feem to have
bee*n done with the greatelt eafe : but thefo are nut ofcjedsfo
men of cofnmon genius ' ■ ;"** •
We entirely agree with this Writer, in refpeel to tfes labour
that is requite to productions of eafe; and we cart reatflj
believe that Racine took infinitely more pains than CorHciHe.
sNiture berfelf works flowly in her beft productions, itWthofc
who would imitate her fucceftfully muft do the fame Her
features arc not to be caught by a cafual'glance, nor her opc-
■ rations to be followed but by the niceft eye. Like the Egyp-
tian goddefs that rvprefemed her, (he wears a deep veil, and no
••' rVat view of her is to be obtained without the moll religious
'-fcnVtuity. Nothing fo eafy to a dramatic writer as general 4+
• 'cUmanon : nothing fo difficult a* the dtrcrimination ejftbe
■ Jmfliori*,-— as thofe finer and happier' ftfokes that unlock the
• 'I'prings-of Nature, and open all tfiofituation of the foul ! The fe
are not the effects of the hafty hand. The eye of genius alone
'is privileged to penetrate the recedes of the heart; the band of
--genius ajnrte can give the paffion its genuine outline, but per*
frc~rf*n will depttva- oh iV\e tafa&$£wae of time and uwprecipi-
~ tated -judemeat*' Tot <ox te\eOoxm "<A ^Wi^v, •&» ^&4vcmte
Bfmft Gbmifak « -365
vonWttation ofuiwmlMK JTcd nicuxay, tlx ^atieaUattratloai Co
rh< growth and improvvnsent of ibc halt 'rVcicd idea* Lbc re-
li of a>cftpjf.U4f< olfc{ci**iii>;H *od the final reference to xhc
k sjxJ character pi" Nature— Fvi aluhrfii purpofea, greatja-
bowi, nsuil co-«prr*'.c with great genius, and 10 attain (be fum-
: ctf 1 k: eis, lea u; he icrneiu beted. Cat r»en tlie befl taients
will «ik iuil, unlcf* cscrud to the bcit td»*iu*gc.
.ii. ... , . , . .
A X T. _^t
•Cktm* tjfjrinmmlt U r**j**%{t. t**r .V. £jawf. Itettrt Apciktesri
"xpCf4fttC«Ul Ctu ;.....-;, . fc; M. L&U&C. J Vols, tWU
rx^HE work nnw heCtic u*» if [frliairtonc of (he ffloft corn-
I ■■■'* ever publiiiied, in- aoy fcience. It
',*c retwlt uf miKft capctwncc in the practice o< chemistry,
aiwl in it* applicative 10 :i> nmlt JlVl'ii! *r:t in i.fc.
■-•"I a* * Nl Author's realoniafC it extremaJy chille , be has care-
i c*cty thcuiy which i* boh fvuiHJoi on induction,
and wtitch is cot derived from experiment and observation ;
aod *tc i<coinn»csi 0 this valuable WO«k to our chemical Readers,
pocrvfiiy (or ihq science which ic coouins, but for the pcfpi-
cmiy *nd rocibod with which (he Author has created tn» fuo-
fttfc
: i»i, tfau*c, who U a public teacher of chcmiftfF »t Paris,
aaxJ 1 many >eara, gircti leclurcs 00 that lubjod, in
TsMrT*" Mitb M. pfaotiuef, lui pjW lb««i many uajxsrunt dii-
i«ooi:a of Cc K«.)il Academy of Sticticoat
Pari*, of which he is a member, iiui has giren us an excellent
ik*i<* upon «4h<r, all of which, together with mcfi of the
covcracs and improvement* in tketrulhv, arc to be found
.»lepufe!n^UOU.
< following oi.u.k-a'.tocia will afford our Readers an oy-
ppnumtf of juda.ing.fot th with ndped to the pbiloio-
fhical genius of crux Author ;
• I have, lay* he, coeilidcrrd Nature as a large chemical c!a-
boratorv, in which c^ri»pofiu^i>» ana1 dccooipodtiooft of all
kind^ sic conflaruiy taking place 1 jiti fi.ifictently awarf that
we, a* yet, know rochuig oi Co leciet rncaos which Nature
•mfi&ofa iufo<n>iiig all the bodies which pfefaot tiscinfclvra to
^sootice, »r»d agj therefore content with obJer»iag, that ve*
gcsationiutKptincipalnicaii! which the Creator hasctuployed,
ng the ailion of alt Nature.
• Vefwablea arc organized bodies which £row in tbcdr) parts
oi our rattb* and m ibc boiiom vf the wateii. TIkix futsiiioa
■!.*; oi combining tlie tour elemtnts tOjgethcc* *r^ <A^
Jjoj; pifivie hi ifcc nounl}imc4st oi aouna\%'. atvVwVfcw-
/AJ«o O o a °»^»
5*6 BrfumeV
ir als and vegetables are employed by Nature in forming all the
tombuftible matter Wlfah exills*. •::-:i''i-' : •• ■ .;^-,
" "* The irnmente claflcs of merKarnmaWj' and polypunes of Ml
■fcir,oV, produced in the fea, change the elementary verifiable
earth i'rtto a calcarious earth ; and all the calcaneus earth -whkfa
e*ifts feems tb be the production of animals. -:.-->
4 Nature, after having wrought thefe productions of which' We
have now fpoken, diftributcs, by a thoufend means, the pMo-
gifton and calcarious earth, which have been formed by or-
ganized bodies.
' ' * Natuie appears to confound and bring together bodies
"that are very different from each other, in the waters (be
forms many faline matters, fulphur, metals, &c. and' pre-
pares an infinite number of bodies, into Which the infiatn-
"mable principle enters. On the other hand; (he buries in the
earth, by the conveyance of water, immenfe mafles of eom-
buftible matter, intended to dift'ufe and fupply that heat which
we frequently obferve in the interior parts of our earth, and
which form there combinations of infinite variety. But this
•kind of confujkn, of which we have fpoken, is only fuch in ap-
pearance; for a little attention will fhow us, that bodies of
itmilar kind are feparated from other bodies, for the formation
of veins in mines, of the fame kind of -matter.
4 While Nature is thus employed in forming, in the bowels
of the earth, combinations of every kind, five has eftabJimed
another elaboratory in the air, for the purpofe of diffufing bo-
dies neceflary for the formation of others. This fluk), which
we breathe, cannot be charged with bodies- very grofs or very
heavy ; nor will it unite with them; but combuftiWc matters,
"whether buried in the earth or -lying on the (urface oi'our
globe, under their decomposition, furntfh, in air, an i*&am-
mab'.e fubftance, in its bigheft degree of rectification ; this fuh-
fiar.ee is difl'olved by air and water, which the fun forms into
■v j pours, and thus effects all thole combinations, neceflary for
the production of fiery meteors.'
- • VVc cannot too much applaud the ingenious and nhirofochi-
tal researches of this Author; His opinion- that the phlogilioa
1i Originally formed by vegetation, and that' all inflammable
todies in the bowels of the earth aboriginally produced from
she dcftrucJion of vegetable and animal -nutter, appear* well
founded, from bituminous mafles being only difcoveted- where
xhere is l viable decay of fuch matter; 'that probably Na*
ture has, by various mean?, combined it with the elementary
Srarthf for the formation ot metals; and that the vitriolic yc:d
finding it in metals, is formed into a fulphur conllituting
their ikc*»
.•• =-,-.- . * v • v ■ ■ Q«
I-..-,
•
I
Our Author, after defending tlic vinous (wiffc
i utenliii, wUkU arc ciL.fL)C J in chcmiilij > j , ceT
fcribc, very miaqrcU, |bci -.id macacr of u-iyltcatwo,
together *ith ibevai ica which *rc
gi»e» in > ^t ! clicrmlhy, and briefly e> p.jiii* ic» ap|
cation to natural philosophy, jshc a;t% in J na; 017. ile
tiirtingudlir* the lc\cral eultea of Nature into trie vegeQ
yi.Jii**), ami (oiiiJ kingdoms > be fcivcj a deiitjitiofl of cath , b«t
he will doi idmiti Mrith Buftmi tuiaoikci natural ht «
krngdoaif diifcr o»iy in their degree of perfect thai any
cb-m of conocflion can be perceived. i.\ to
that (be moil imperfect animal* haie a* little n.i.il.iuJ*
i.livc plane, aa man himfclr.
Hc Ij to explain tlic piiacljila of analyth arwt
0»mJ>iDatK>rif wlvca he, treats in a &ou (hough mail
MM
Ho u fall :;r..: f4ti»f*3ory on the fubjc.3 of .1 jfttj.
the difwflion of which, be proceed* to .jcat or Ui<
W* i
iic ha* very itMnU-iiiy obfervod, that wc arc not acquair:
with thofc element* in their grcatcfli ihtc of pcrlty, and th-t
therefore wc can oiuy a:u**d u then properties in a o>o*c Cum*
^vncini Ah m.
He tftcu proceed 5 to treat of the chemical h.Cxorj q: ditfefcnC
VocUs.
•a (he f»l>jot~t of phlofciRon, be has nude forac obfcrvationj
•arbtch arc worthy o(our attention.
1 »J ...^(iVm.uy i',' lecondary principle, eompofed of t\*V
primary ckmenia* pure hrc, and vuin.ibJc earth.
■Htioa 11 entirely deprived of air arid water ; it is the rflMMk
••t chjrcoal (rtfiiu il*rl*Mm4+*) aiifiug froii the docornpoiui^n
urf' o:»y mantel. a
iieeoofidera pMogifloa a* the principle of odour, colow*,
2j\i opacity in bodica.
Ti>u fubftaoce, fayi M. Bcaurne, * is To u diifufed
oyer all Nature, (bj( ucrc arc* perhaps, vci> k* btuica, whi
do no* con tun more or Irfi of ic. It if fomul m the bardelt
iitrirubcc ftoao ! when th:y arc rubbed or-c agato
lhay exrulc a pfclugiilicatcd ocuur ; botauJc aK tbi
Nature have, at one tim* or another, b«ca in co»Uvt witn or*
gam/.rd bodies; cvcn-pc/hips in the icy c ur^obc.
« The phlogillop) n neithec hot nor old t it cai -i ia
action, nor produce hrc» but when it naa been c\,-uo
conti/t of bo4iea actually oci fir?.
4 At foom as it bvrns, the clement*:,
wrti . <biitdf fixed; hat whci\\ui te\\^ d x\i
O03 fi-a-vto*
Sttr fcuAeYeU^*1
water, i*s flame Is feft'vividi' 7c61um*jcfti8,'thaii'<h]it'of^ftrl*S
buftiblc bodies, in their natural foc>, becattfe water aiW" slrj' '
Whkh-they contain, increafes their, flame. " '; \' ' **
* The phlogifton is of great fixity in the fire, when tt.fcinW .
in contact with air; which we may fee, by fliuttirfg \sp tbarr- -"
coal in an iron veflel. *J3Y. '
* This property renders it fit to be- combined by fcmW,' 1My'
other bodies ; when it is united with glafs bj fusion,' rrrotfmB-^
Bicates to them their colours and opacity. " v'-' "'■ '
* When it is combined with metallic calces, it reftorerthetfr
to their metallic ftatc, it jives them their colour anrfaWfiFfte'
opacity, without communicating to them ffcher lienor Trim? r* '
they arc rendered more fuuble and volatile by k, a1td4tif#fe£ftY •
fheir fpecific gravity. • a "J 3,l°
s The phlogiston ferves frequently as a medium for uriJfrHf c.
bodies*, which could not other wife he united, fuch as the1 afkw1
of metals, which cannot even be united' '•vith rn«aVsibrt fte,£
tame kind; and thefe calces, for the moft part, carfnotof dip
fblyad in acid*, becaufe they are deprived oftheir phlogiflom -"
1 The phlogifton may pais from one combination ittto smo-
ther, without producing flame.
*. The phlogillon does not unite with all bodies that are pre*
fentcd to it: it admits of no immediate union with wateH;;*)-
though, as we have already faid, it is frequently fbrmod^under
the water* / ";"
'.The phlogiston is always the fame, frOm'trtiare>e*f loeVib
h fcpaiatcdj it is always fire, combined with avirrrfiiWeearra j
it only therefore exiils in different degrees ofpilri^j promjdh'g i
effects according to that ftate of purity ; if, is ' nav utt&ktf''
that it (hould be perfectly pure, in order to produce tmV grr?irefc
number of etrecls. ' : '"' '*■***/ .'"'
* There are instances where it produces no effecr, orlnearly
none, when it is in its greateft ftate of purity. :i-"lt ,%
1 Wo have hitherto cpnfidered the phlogifton 3,4 a dry bodv«-
deprived of air and water, fixed, and incapable of evaporating
in the' heat of our atmofphcre ; it remains, however, to ihtw,
l»W the fame principle in a number of circumflances, tha^'be
reduce?* into vapour, producing mortal effeflsi fudden inflam-
tnation, nojry explofiona, and other cfFec-h "of : the (a me kind,
wfcclvhappen every day.
^The/i; pbjecrrons.da not deftroyapf'thingj have advanced
i/pen thia fiibject ; on the contrary, tWjr are vCry favourably
adaptad to illuftrate what I have already faid.'
* I have proved what are the intermediate ftates between
Pfife fife, the inflammably prlncj^e in its greater*, degree of pu-
rity, fled in its oily attA '&o£ct fqatn •, V*w ^\\^*kncK&k«. ^ns.-
'•.. - «*fc
Bauoff 4 <*•*«?. sH.,
cipje may change its peppqrties agreeably to the ftatc in wh:<h
it !i found, according to the (uoponhsn ia which it is united
with more or left tf the fcartiy principle, -
1 Thc'quantity of elementary hie may remain the fafflc, whiff
tbat of the canti Is coirtftantly <i»rr.iniftaing.'
* Avery final! quantity of the earth, from the Lifinrte mrn«ce
nefj of it* integnnt particles, fixes more of le s a quantrrf r.4
the cleiv j aj the earth n. Co Ex»d It coramuntc-Jtes Co
the fire with. which it is united, a f ait of in fixity ; when it h
fouod in a ttt) cojifiilcrable proportion as in charcoal, the
phloertton ia then highly fixed i tut when, on the comtr.
the cicmentarj' fire is found united in a great proportion, with
a very Jmalt quantity ot earth, fufneiem however co defttoy its
proper (tea at pure fir, the pblogifton participates wore i i
propettio of lire: in tfiil ftite n ii more eaftly reJuecd i:i(c*
vapour, it produces then cflefb not as pore elementary fnf, bc-
cauic It tt (till a compound body, hut at phlogifton it denVoyft ~-
CYtry where the fpjing of the air, and death follows* if the ef-
fects of theut I'apouta are nor avoided as Toon at they are felt.
4 Ali tbu tends to r'ro»'c, that th€ phlogifton i» hxe«J when
thtt . 1 of the earthy principle into its compo-
sition; and that, on the other hand, it ij very volatile, Whctt
the n of elementary fife cbicfiy prevail*.
1 I he pMo^iHon, in being reduced into vapour, carries along
vfth it lode prt of the bodies in which it was produced,
efprcia'ljr whea thefr bodsrt are of thetnfelvci volatile, — at leaft
vc Biigb; prcfumc as much , bevaufc the vipours of the ph!o^
jiftu: inrbcnmable, although tbey ramM*
produce mortal effects: when they are accompanied with o;iy
rria matter or fiilphur rrduced into vapour, they inflame
with an cxplofion, is hippens in fome mine*.
* Ihe feme ell' ct takes place when they arc produced by
CombufliWe matter in porrc
•The vapour of phlogiftun which rifes from burning cbir-
cdaJ3 is no: i< ftjcncnal !e, although it produces mortal effect*.
4 h aopcari evidcn-.ly from all cKcic pioperties of thefhto^
gulon, tbat k diiTti* efl! rom pure I
* Every bWy knw*j, that when charcoal is burnt m a Clotft
chamber, the or^an of fmcll is aftcScd in j very fcnfiWe ma-
ncr; bur the invifibk vapoui which cxrwlei from chsrcotf ot-
lightcd coals arfeeb very powerfully the head ; and dtsth »m-
roedutcly follows, it the pcifor. does not retire at foon tt thefe
extcAs arc felt, ihlt h no: ttc cafe with fpirit of win*, wh«rt
bur oc ui the ume manner, nor even with charcoal wlieti mitnt
In a chimney or ftovc, ihroujh which the external aw may
clresJatt fi«rJf. T^>e tficfls which happen \h \\* tAowc-
psocccd from the charcoal's not contv.nanz Aflwt *rtit^r*M»*
A portion of the pWogjgon being te$W$ jotp vapw,by.;Mfr-
ning, thefe vapours cannot, in fo fliort a time,. burn foar.in
become elementary fire * they circulate. in the room, and »Wp*fe
the water diflblv.ed by "the air, deftroyiqg in a great inea&w-Ks
clafticity. Thefe vapouis ate inviGple, becaufc tjicj ta|«. -at*
accompanied with fmoke. The effects which the phlogiflon
produces on thofe who are expofed to it, proceed, probably, fr«ai
the great difpofuion which it has, when reduced into.tbU. fta^,
to combination with fuch bodies at it meets with. . : ~> . ,, ■.
1 The vapours which arife during the burning o/ fjwru at
wine, do not produce the fame effect, becaufc there enters, iaso
the compofition of this fluid a great deal of ait; and water, which
are difengaged while it burns, and ihc one compenfatff fof tip
Other ; othcrwifc the water contained in the fpirit wcyjd regard
its burning, and give time for the thorough confumptipn of {he
inflammable matter. Oil, burned in lamps, produces, ia cjotc
places, almoft the fame efFecls as the vapour of charcoal, in.*
degree, however, lefs powerful, becaufe it contains always a
frnall quantity of air and water, of which charcoal is entutly
deprived. A wax candle in burning, exhales lefs fmoke than
a tallow candle, and it diffufes lefs of the, ftnell of phlogifton ;
becaufc wax is more difficult to melt by heat : the quantity at-
tracted by the wick is almoft entirely confirmed j while, on the
other hand, tallow being more eafily liquified, is attracted, by
the wick in a greater quantity than can be burned.. The heat
which is produced in tallow, converts it into vapours of foot,
which incommode us almoft as much as thofc of charcoal*.
* Oil burned inflead of tallow, is flill more dangerous i_ be-
cagfe, being commonly in a fluid ftate, it is attracted by the
wick in a greater quantity, and produces more pologifticaed
vapours. All thofc accidents, which happen by thefe vapours
confined in a chamber, do not take place if at.tjie fame tin* you
evaporate water in a large quantity. This I have proved upoq
rnylelf. Such accidents do not equally happen when you burn
charcoal in a chimney or ftove, where the air circulates freely |
becaufe thefe vapours are continually carried off by the current
of air. It is only the pure elementary fire which is traaf-
ittitred through the fides of the pipe or chimney of the ftove.
The portion of phlogifton in vapour, which is raifed during the
burning of charcoal, is neither fo loofe nor fo fubtlc as pure
fire; it cannot therefore pafs in the fame manner through cbe
pores of the tube; it has fo little difpofition to pafs through
the pores of bodies, that a leaf of paper is almoft fufficient to
intercept it.'
Notwithrtanding the,great accuracy of ouf Author, in afcer-
faintng fuch fat\s as \\vce, Vc&a&t& V.W v> conclude that the
phlo niton u % cotmoounAtA VsAt ** V^* ^m^\^W «v\
BimetOmiJhf: 5r,
. -bic earth, we caftnot aJmt the ;u ftnefs of his concIuTiou.
Wlici) 0* phlogilt«Mi i*
body, it doc* not follow that t it neceflartly fo to <
\1foh* In tbc fame n u :!l I ._
becaufe fixed air it generally found in combination •
lirte flndtaxthy bod. ;.!ka1ia and earth cooQitu
of F.K-. • -. ! n probable th.ir rhc pMogifton is a
pound body; bot a* we have never been able to collect and
obtain it in i« pure and feparatc foffra, no analdi* or decom-
infmon Has probably <»*f been accurately mode- Were wc
. v| to Inrtlblgc a eonieclurc on chit fubje£f, wc (hmi)d Tar,
TrvSirt requite rhc prefers of air to fupport
:h- i .'jr.: liflatnmation they fcnJ forth a
upcrittrs 01 fixed air, wc might con
tail the ^hJogifton was compounded of fixed and con
rt* befog with dHRcnhy excited in particular bodceft, a*
in charcoal and :uetafc, in thete bod;e; it ii ttrongly attrj&cij
tare, cart'r in phofphorus., pyrophorus,
and fulpV.ir, it i-ite left attracted, and thcrcfoit
eafilr exc
We differ likew'fc from cur Author in thinking, that the
pM<i£i(fon has ai;v gravity or weight ; wc arc dif^xifcd rather
tft believe that it differs from all other bodies in rat arc i \
refpcA { for wc find by experience, that liom what; .
v bcrornc abfoluiul,' heavier by (L-h i
ration-, as in the calcination of metal:, the burning of full
and phnfpnnriia, and perhaps ill inflamaiablei, if burnt
eircumlrmcc* when no diffipation but that of their pi :
altoveJ to take place,
For rhHc reafons, a very celebrated rhemift has conr.dered
the phlegiftwi a* a principle of abfolutc levity, which, n
rant to the general laws of Nmirc, is repelled inflcid of bein**
atmeled by the center of the cu
Wr ire v that our Au;hor feem* not to uwlerfi
or not to believe, the dodfifle of fixed air, n del
i*i by the, ingeni as Dr. Black, on the fubjc^l of Mi,-
which hn been mconteftibly proved to bear fucb relation to
»I1taIinefa!t5 and calcarious earth* a* to determine rfceii taiif-
or mridnefi ; ami we rr.uft dn rhit
men to declare, that the united labours ©( Black, M'l
i Jrlh, and Pricftlcy, h;r.r contributed more, by their expe-
riments on the fubjeet of fixed air, toward the refon
chemical philofophy, and toward removing many
that occurrci in ex plaining feme of thr p*»a-r*onc&a o: ch<-
Kvt«
\ ...
C S7V/3
« .:: : ... . ..-. A-tf T, VHfc -'/ -• ."■ ^ -■*
X. ~Flan'Gr*tr*l H -n*ifo**,-t &e. General PUrr ft»d Ammm c4
Ntffcveral Objects vU Difcoveries that compote a Ato>rfc.eautkd; '
W* primtii/f WorU-Aaaly/cd mmd compare*', with tie mmmWM WmM% ■
wr Emjuirits info th* tiutifmtut *f ib WtrU* By M, GttYtiU
iiebeiin, of the Occonomical Society of Berne,, ana of U** Hoj*l
Academy of Rochelle. 410. Paris. *773« . . 'ti;- .; :^
II. Jilt nr in OritHlolts, ou It Fragmtnl it §atch**i*t9H, 6Vi<-^t|neB*.
tal Allegories, or the Fragment of Sanchpru'atbon ; coapaninp 16*
Hiftory of Saturn, together with the HiRbriei of Meicaryaad
Hercules* and an Explication of bis Twelve Labours ; beiogxa
Introduction to the Knowledge of the fymbotic Genial of ftnti-
qoity. 0y M. Court de Gebclin, &c. 410. Paris. 1 775^
III. Mtxdt pr'nxitif anatyt rt nmpari% fc*V.— The primlM- WarH
aaalyfed aud compared, with the modern World; inaVjewofitj -
aUcgpric Genius, and of the Allegoric* to which that Qjc&ioa loa\
410.. Paris. 1773. .. ;* ..r.c .' -'•'.
*T*HESE fcparate publications, which, in order of time* ap~. '
* " pearcd as we have placed thrm, conftitutt thefirft vmumt
of a work (hat has excited the attention and curtofity of Eu-
rope. The greatnefs of thr-objec'r, the fpiiic of the attempt,
the idea of erudition rcquifue to fuch an enterpriz?t have filled '
the literati with aftjniilmient in£e«tr«/j— with doubts and fu(- '
pi&ens, hope and admiration, expectation and contempt in par*
tieplar, as envy or benevolence, prejudice or enthotiafm pr*~
vatred. \>e fcldom fu in fohcr judgment on extraordinary
oBJecls. Private paifinn* often interfere, although fuch 'objects
ought ever to be viewed with the molt difpaf&onate eye,- if Wo
are offended with high afiumptions of learning, adieu TO fobrictr
of judgment ! Our envy h alarmed, beyond a ooubc— -»YePihii
israrck folly. lathe man who atlumcs this fu|>eriority of -know-
ledge an object for envy ? How far from it I How perilous -the
eminence on which he has placed hirnfclf! What honour wiu/d
net puri'ue his fall i Should we envy him-? —-we ihoutd rattier
bffeoW him with the fame Tcnfatioin which we might ML for
a-msn flsnding on a pinnacle, in a dorm.
'Literary enterprise has always a right to encouragement}
and labour is entitled to refpea, at leaft, and attention, even
wfcer* fuccefs is uncertain, and reward unhoped. Let M: de
Gobelin, therefore, pU-ad his claim to a candid and impartial
hearing. His refearches bear immediate relation to the bufmefc
and inferofta of man j if he fucceed, let us applaud bimj if
he flil, let us forgive him.
The Author's -dtfign will be mo ft effectually underflood from
the Introduction prefixed to his General Plan ; and we raft, for
that fclfon, \a^ \t Vrtfote c\ix VLtadext^ though it is fomewhst
lonfcetlhan we? couVfc #ftw - _^
Gebclin'r GWW PU*% Vr.
571
< The ftudy and knowledge of tbcfc remains, Tap M. de
Gcbclin, wbich bear the character of reouMeir. timet, have erex
ia polished nations, an object of *f plkauon, and fc%ve
cranio;, t-d the mention «f ibe Learned in every country. In
theic dafk ano* pxnfvl reCeorcrvcs, they weie fupported by tbe
eornpUcnuy tl>#t icfuhfu1 from tltc idea of thoft ad vantages
which pattft tsrsaweddabrt arife to focicty from adifeovcry of the
jtioni o:' men. 'I . . uajes, tbeir manner*,
their r*vr«, tf>e arte and cuflorr.* wb;ch our want* and our re-
source) Sift introduccc, and afterwards brought to pcrfeftion,
haie ocr beta confidercd aa the key 10 all modern institutions,
and as the * bain that feewt the connection of innumerable
thing*, vrhicb 10 the prcCuu inhabitants or* (be earth fecm not
to bnve the lev ft refcmblancs. The material* collcct-d tor taaas
purpole, arc bccveic irnmertfe. Hieroglyphics, alphabets, in-
fcriptio.is, manufcripts, bas relief*, coins, engraved ftones, aJl
ihcle have been duly coilc&cd, and diligently ftudicd.
* The immenuty or* th.it roJIrflion rcrideri it difficult tocon-
ccive* why, with iuch innumerable materials, the ancient edi-
fice, which was tbe cradle of human race, and tbe additions
made to it during the h.-ft ages of the world, Oiould not now bo
cxliib.toJ with such a decree of prccifion, that it would be tir>*
poAWc to rmiiakc it- It is obvious, however, that the number
of material* collected for tic purpofe, U tbe principal caufe why
it is hoc
4 inch a raultuuJc have wc of tbcfc, that the longed liic,
and tbe moft unremitting application, would scarce be fuftcirnt
to go through them* Much Jcfs then can it be hoped from the
induftry of man to compare them, so attciwl to their fevcral re-
lations and corwe&ioas, in order to aiEgr* to each not only iu
proper but its cxcluuvc place.
' Tbe miporabilicr of fupporting fo heavy a burthen, bat too
hilliiy jut tbe learned upon taking different routs whicb could
never bring them to ibe tame destination. Each attached him*
JcJf to a part of the mucriali, and poUcHcd himfclf of tbe idee
that it would be fufficiens ro construct and exhibit the whule
cdiface of antiquity, feeble analogies hate been the falls ce-
ment made ul'c of to OMiaolieatc a multitude of piece* which
were either altogether impertinent, or bod not in thcrnfelve*
more than one point of contact. Thus when you attempted
to appose* there infulatcJ edifices, you prcJcnrly faw the dif-
agrccmeot between them * or, more properlv f peaking, the ex-
istence of oae appeared to exclude (hat of another. So that
efforts upon efforts to overcome a difficulty to great in itfelf,
hawe only contributed rn make it greater ; and the veil *re, tacet
attempted to ni(e or prerce, hideo mote xhsjfc tu&t oA VAftt wA
it off from the a/inalf of the »/oitt« v
5X4- .GebeJinV Central Plan* tSt.
v * Yet. Jo. cenfurc thole learned men who -hare parsoedtaa
:yai -isiy of i/ifufikiont fyftems,, would be at oner ungrateful ud
^|i,uft. To the profoundeft. erudir km, they joined the -mot
.artful jagacity, and evidently pouefled that peculiar etarafltr-
. iftic of genius, which confifts hi creating where obftirawroUi,
•or where, at be ft, it is infurlcient to lead us to tnar point ve
jurfue. To the labour of thefe indefatigable men ere owe that
^coiledion of remains, which* otherwife, we muft hate beet
.compelled to fcek. Perhaps, too, we arc no leis obliged to then
for having attempted fo many different methods. .The roam
they have tajcen teach us to avoid all they have purfoed. without
.faeces; and the roads yet untried being leis jauaeroiK, the
ji^ht way will be lefs difficult to rind, / ..:?■;, , . . ~
* The inconfiftency of the known fyfteme, new* that an
exa-fl infpcclion and companion of antique rfjanajaa m bat- a
jbact gu^de. 1 hole remains acquaint us, indeed, wbttosen of
the primitive times have done, but leave us u n in fanned -nT the
.motives which led or determined them to a&ion* Tae want
nf that knowledge, fufiers us not to fee whether the esatenah
*re capable of .anfwering the end afligned them, andarketbef,
.when fyitematically arranged, they will not leave m void in the
.place from whence they arc teken. Befnles, in rne/diipbfirion
of the fevers 1 monuments of antiquity, how {hall weexrrieate
©urfclvcs from that wiiderocGi of doubts which muft.'anfewim
iefptet to. the difpofing of each piece in particular, wauHt-wc
have not before our eyes the general plan of that mighty mo-
nument, with which all earthly exigence is fo praevfeiy >cva»
jicdled ? How fhould wc ,be able ferioufly to comtwoe £uch drf-
Jcrent materials, in themfelves fo vatiouily related,: borrowed
/i ooi fuch a variety of people, cut, if I may fo eaprcfs'k, at
fuch a diftancc from each other ; whofe forms muft hsre been
jufioitely varied by thofe natural revolutions of our globe, waica
Jiave had fo great an cirt& on the moral world I
* Is it not obvious that, for want of one common chain, thefe
innumerable materials remain as much unconnc&ed, as much
fcattered, as ulcnt while we approach them, as they were in
that ftatc of difperfion, wherein the night of ages and the an>
nclty of primaeval inftitutions had retained them.
' Dejection of mind, and particularly the inutility of the
efforts of thofe who have preceded us in this kiad of ftudies,
Jeemed to have given birth to thefe -fcflefl ions. But, at the
fame time, the difficulty itfelf of overcoming thefe obftacles,
fuggefled that, in confided og the. remains of. antiquity at the
effects of a firft caufc, and in looking for that caufc in nature,
which is, and always will be,, the only guide, in the eilimation
of ^uisai) \aboMt$v V\ tft\^vw^^\s^^5fc&&-Vfc%»#» >&a. ^uh
Itfi Gourd Pi
"which ha* Co -ictiiicr. o: n;n !«].•,
and wfcuh may < a able us U) jJ-.'a to
ftep ha\ d netted the foetid ; * ik5 El I juu\ that to
He alt the linki of ttu* imnenfe chn». it *xas pcxt tl'.try to
refer. to fixnc principle inherent in human natux, % rf
u'hica would unavoidably be the £»irtc 111 4il age*, clunaita, and
^cncra'.ioos of H t
* !>.;. principle, equally pregnant and fulid, fucin
fene itfeil <a 4tu!e w;nw toai arc infcp.i..! m.
lion, mcafM of fatbfym^ them vfcJcoct
lu- ally fcaitcred anwM ut. Y.vrty thing, in /ad, tua
ihu:i^inin our wairt*. Thofe want* . !y ia all
timet, pUres, and countries; and this has perpetuated the
meant .: fry thern. No poflibility of cctTa-
tiofi or ftrfptbluai ! WbHe the fprcics wj* cotituiucd. in wanti
And rejourn* were continued coo. The infant is born ivjih
the power of rubliduig itfclf. ft learns Aooa -toe father die
known meant of its fjpport. It wa* in the neceJity of obferv
, comparing, and bringing together phyficaj cxiftenccf, In
the hen I may foexpreft ir, nc.jr ctiftcncei,
by aecommodating them to new combmationj, that the iocx-
I'.tible fcarte or frefli airdrti to fupply nut wants wi :
icrck then aeontin.ial chain which conacia* tbe wlioU
with man. To know what was in former tiiuo, v-c tie- J opt*
know whae it now. The moril and pb>Gc ill i/ooi
oeccfity. The; arc under our c)cs, under u*u ha/Wb. 1 .
ig around ui prefentv to u* aru, law*, manners that com-
menced With our warn, which new wan: t have brought u> per-
te.^irn, and which, by rcafun of thai perieirJon, rjicy JHVt ofr»
brinttd) have thrir origin in tbc rrmotelt a.nti quity. Thw, ab-
fl r*6Ung what i* 1 more than 4 tvni-tn^ to perfection*
vr« are in pol&flicn or" the greater* certainty, a certainty oi I*:*,
I wfal caiftcd in the prnajlrK ti.-n.j, cxifla now in its im-
prored ftate, and ha* undcryrx.e no other aJterwiont lh;n ihoit
which it occeltarily rct*ci*eJfrocn that improt ement ; that vm
• >airM of antiquity are only it mmy r.-!*iinoni** ins
f*ad< u(« 0* to lupply the want* of human nature, a* the it..
ing monument* of cur owi ; any piooU oi
our neceffitiec and refources ; ani jy e^i* . i& «KT
hi bfl cf the pail and the rwctcnts we flia.'l net or.ly have a Uuc
iyrtern, bur 2 hiftorv ol all time* aod a':!
* To view tfau fifteen in iti Ml
to afecod ior « B>oni< Whit
fhouiJ 1 then i v. .,0 ijow «^ho>
IhvulJ find 1 »t fun*
pole we CiouIJ Aj, u, iu fa. .^\
57* • GebduV/ GmtvlPU** . t*u
tfcey did it. from the ftroe prii«ript* -tii« wpujdj Jtftre e»rp*t!d
«s fo do k,— they did it from nccefl3tyv . .:; jJf.
« Individual infufikiency Unite* tnftn in. , JMtths . Safety
ftewed die ncccffity of making kno*n tht waojas nf MsUtiduab,
and of pointing out fucfa meafu of affifbpcp ^mi^ertbe/ k-
lieve or remove them. Hence a primitive Un&B^i+Hffma
the fomMtJonof that language, the acceiSty of trapiq^typ^ ir
from age to age, and of preferring it entire, n*mfcrtb'ffl^»&*ll
popular (eparations and migrations* JJenoe ti&;iOKwtipj4*d
preferratioti of the am, law*, &c «m| hence 4ttei* fWfeften.
becaufe the fura of human wants accarayUuns.wjtfMJid 4jFdp-
very of the means of gratifying them, ejery^nttu^itna&u&of
fa that purpoie, became at once the fou*ce.o/ ncu^a^frd^d
.if new means. ,': .;injSido br>t
* We are not to fuppofe, Yieverthelefs, rfhat JbeffcJMtflJfttre
lb invariably necefiary, that mad had neither" pojax* 19 JOSaVfc,
. nor to deceive himfelf in the choke; or the* bis taaJaawHftJwfr
point «u the immutable effect of nectflhy i ikM wt«vW. bt
reasoning upon falfe and delufive principles* . &*shclfto iibt
. riches of Nature that (he always prefects to man a a>elfifuJe of
■leans for his fabfhlejice, and thus it. is that ft* ««ploys_bu
. understanding and fagacity in difcovering .her laws aad #>*«*-
(ions. Hence the infinite variety of human indu&rjr ; yet eserr
.Means made ufe of in the com pa fs of that vatiety .w»» fcrft
<lnwn from Nature, and when fume we prefer n*LtQ jOaWs,
the motives were not eafy to be accounted ;for, , Tbv jfrfecjit
-means employed by each people exhibits tbe.#ffcrc*oe.flf thnr
genius and fttuatioft, and empowers us to j"d« of. j&c £>#:&&
trwt muft have attended their application. xhi*y#'wfi)ms
the fource of that perfection whjch has been advspcirtg.ifrain
.age to age, fometimes availing itfelf; of the rac^w^^cs-fr
. known and employed, and fometimes of ih^tMcwmy of j ewe
/.fruitful expedients. .:.:.; ■..? ;.. ij;x
' Tbe tranfmiffion from age to age of the te acgurnuletrd M-
eoveries muft have been attended with ^re^,embatr*a>ecis \
but a divifion of the arts, and different tWlfeof protofip^j^ttwlt
, place and removed this. ..At the fame time all anvepiieruarere
eafcrcifed and preferved by real or artificial wants on o/ifetsojj,
- and by the choke that each Individual mado of &>ase ugc*p*-
tkm on tbe other- . - " j,*;
..;■*■ Thus every .art that sdrainiftexed. .to, the primary, wants of
. society* as language, agriculture, &e, fHU TCtairw both- Wto it
.has been, and what it is become bf buma* jnduuVy. .Javfcfl
. elements ftiJI remain entire : and the records relaungsp ifiare
ions only lb many monumental tokens of the tinea wh«0>ji«e-
•oiTed aby capital improvement. : . ...-._' r.i*
CxWfotGrwci PUi)*T*e.
m
" « O* foltowiftg rticfc 'prt*Cij>Vi w* tfe'WtVfe'ind ^etob-
*.:ne*d that in lab -. of mi-
i :nUin» alone, we d* i i ; r i map
of inr^itnSram;** :hat w ! .. . ■
*»fceVe*»V by eonfiiering; tntm only *e f> n die
want*. f>i human nature. anJ of the mc»r*l Wbettby frK>fc wariti
w*re funpNt-', tbefc ptfnci urte pri«niti«e *'m! necttf^ry
N witt challenge the federal monaTtcnt- of antiquity rePpec-
tfo i« proper place. The mrttfl
W» rtthec to fay, the iftrfctonfity of thefe, Of from bein^, urn
the Ty^cfhs where 'tin. it'taty apioircJ. an obllarte to
their re union, wilt ratier promote it. Thsy will concur its
«>ftlpleattag the cdifrec by filling up the vrri-J fpscea. IHuSmit
and obfeunty follow all art fuul ar range n»eiii«. Uncertainty
and contrudltfiorw intend emy ibing that is fabricated by the
nand of mm. Enquire nf Nature ; Tier atifWen are precipe a«4
4eternvn»:e. The .nherent light that illiiflrates every
ruinral rbje& around u«, extend* itlclf urirhcur interruption to
the monuments of rernoteft age*.
4 Nature, the CinK ior frtsr, is that eternal clue which *e»d*
u> in the right andeaty path therein we prooofc to eondrfa
o»r Render »« They wMt fcc all human notices, all mcnumroial
remain* mutually explain and claft themfeNea, white the nature
of every ©hjr. rtnes'tts proper place by its relations aad
wantA i motr p-eitrns; thole want* axe, the more con-
IfnetK* wd.
laife rtten jjooJ obferralion of man W«lW»
of fcn.*dceflHrt, *:id'o*" the mean* with wHicn Nature has fu*"-
«tf!u« h 4y fVn-, it i* impartible to confide* tbofc tf-
fcrkij! wot-*!, whteh we ftr.1 rind fuMtftitij In all la«*uai;e-, **
the ^leci of** mere -fy f>r:urto*rt choice, ic is evident that they
at* tW'pnrife piirrtihgfl of determinate abject*, the neeef&ry
cruel of the natural want* of nun, and of the natural orgas'a
«f the human vi-ice.
• UniTtrfal grammar hi ho k) :"4rred i* the evenftfal
*>Mt of toe cul»oifr*o:^ii<Tiovr. -i onUfcri ,t hotfoot) I: ap-
pear* to be io'eparabl) conneclot) wth Uic r.eceHity ©e beiftg
propciljr un^erflood^of defcribitig comQfy and vircumibniUrly
rfca objccl In view. Of coucfe it ftaiadsufion the haft of »Mi-
quitv, unfhaken by caprice, and cve/mocr the fame.
* It ij<r...i*U> d¥*d««t ttiat the an of afcert .lining the rcpro-
•.ftrft of fuKflifico*, an a« whith diUin^uifhei m, in from
Otftet txm^alrnoft as efTcfitially if la.»ru^< itfclf, and all the
other art* which hive ihrir oi.gin ami foHrcc in him, ve the
Tieteftary pro6ui\kx% of our wao«i, and of the refaurcci whdt^
with fuccei&ve ol>fcr* alien of tba propertie* of different animal*
baa fuxtii Ihcd ua*
57 j A Jtjf&fii$i arm
■oem.
" * It it by this route,- conftantly fallowed from the &ft igtf
to the prefent time, tfeat hiftury acqwwcs a degree c#A-rt ""
which neither the dignity nor unanimity of hiftoftatiaf «
give it. It is connected through all its parts by cor
circumftances, not only analogous biii identical, cgifliiij^ _t^r
all times, and among all people. By tbJs incaos w/e iffi&WFjJb
irjdifputablc principles all that antiquity; has. u-uiiniii;^ ii«w
concerning the population of the earth, wui t ''r^i:ng jfrThfr
jpcrity, the revolutions, and the fall of empires. -By itakjpttftc,
hiftoncal fafcs, eftablifhcd or fet afide bjr thefe dMtfWobt
principles, feparate tfaemfelves from tables, and tn ttre^irto*
mythology of different nations, exhibit only eircurrjfMhi-
announce the fame wants, the fame arts, "without aAf""*"
tcration than fuch as might be occafione3 by local^
and the effects of different climates. AH cxirtcncc^, if
prcfents only fo many different rays fbjootingfVom, $_
cjjntre, and inclofcd in one circle which coimc&s 4*p a
arranges the whole, and {hews not only the reUtiojM/j>f;t
but their origin and caufes. . s*+a a**
1 The work we now announce to the Public wilt ftrteta-a.
key to all ages, and to all human intelligence.' It wtfftierfKM*
ftiate that the rerooteft, the middle -ana*- the prcfenr^c^^jfre*
only In fcparablc parts of each other, arid that tbey "faT-ft1 But one^
entire whole/ ' .- '/. . "^ ;,J ''^ - ,*
1 We have how laid before our Re»3er3 .tUe^enr^p^n^u^ci
on which the Author proceeds. Th^ -plaft' of hw-tfuc^ ait,
the fpeciotens he has given, we thai I attend to heoca/tei*brt^ - ■'
. . [To bt antimed.!--- .'*- sdt :o :-;.,!
— . . , , . ••-• Umm&H '-'-*
Art. IX.- "'• ""■'-**'' "iy ■' -1
trt 8aifentt Pi'mt.—- The Seafons, a Poem*.' "8vo. AmltercTam. 1773.
1I7E think it incumbent upon us t« acquaint our Readers* and
V V wc take pleafure in doing it, that tfeis '«- the 6 A h cdkiM of
this excellent poem. The ingenious Author has taken greit-pimi
to correct and improve it, by emendations th*oo*haut ; by-awtiag
fcvcral new lines, and by leaving out many more. He hat 1t&*ffc
Added a few notes, one of which, upon '"ardent defr'rves partfccUr
notice : he compares the Englifh and French taile- in gardtpiw.
and gives the preference to that of the Engliih, upon whichjie W
flows (he higheit commendations.
VThe firil perfon, he obferver, who introduced fymmetry info^pr-
deas was an architect, who, for want of knowing the limits' prWs
art, wasdefirous of extending them too far.- -Architecture, fays he-/
of all the fine arts, is that winch gives Tcall pleafaiv to the fafc*,
aad makes the weakcx imprcdioa upon the mind. . Si vtur *jj ion
la praadtur & l'*:i!iti\ ellt m vcus dit ritn, , .-.--•-; -»
' rTh*e*tKc6Vy of* gfcdeift, totOiuucs he*, has .been perfected by tly
Ensliih ; tbey knew, Wob&tiW\Yj «&', 'Cat tfU&i ^.w^vw^'
^w.
Dc Lac ** tks XbAfiaitUKS tf tk* Jumftbtrn 579
rrvVt, forrAa, frorci. tor-reals, rivers, hvulers, caicadei, vallrer*
&c ; aod tc i» by <ontnr*ieg, combUng, raivivg , aid feparatieg
Otcb dalftfoC form* of Nattrc, tt*c Ucj gardea* nu«c cor refpoa-
jrcdEoaa upon the inioil, aad iul'puc it vr::^ co.-rcfpondcftt
fcatiaeau.
fa the mod beautiful {artlcna In France, the principal eSVcl pro.
disced apOn the aatod of the fpeelator ii aifanilha? he hntf-
lifh f%:rd#T.i ill the <oa" with a variety of iden and f>n?fmcnu»— Th*
French garden?, with their eagles and their circle* , feem deveeed
for frWKukutfi* to fyort and amufc thcTnfdvc;Jn . while the fcng-
gtKb |Jiaaaa fccm intruded for poet?, and paibfophers endowed
wkh ftvaibalscy .— The plan of oar gardens it impicflcd ar onc« upon
the meewy ; bat the EasLifh jrafdens ioirirr 111 uieh, a deiire of
ttidiiag them. The Ea^-un garden* promise ui um/u! production*
of diaTcrcni kind j i they i-*e the luxury of 4 wife and pobtk-fpirited
people . whiJc oars ocl>* ihcw the power of Arc ova il*
riches of the naf&flbf, am! * ufte which fieri ncn produ<3iont that
aie u/lful to mi a kind Ifl &rbim*y forms, iod barren ornament*.
There *«, urtdoiabtedly, -nrUncri in England of bad tafte in jrar-
de^ia^ 1 byt, in gtvem), the ly-flcm of their gardenr it that of a
g«e>CM> pCOpJ*, woo 4o«Jr Natute. aud are fond of Iter.
We have oqI/ to ac<J# that, in the proie-p'rcc* which ar* fob-
joined *0 tail po*m, rhrrr ire fi* nrw orient*! febln; ihe title; of
which »re— /. £/;r^ /r* itjettm %i*U\ Ui Lunutrni Li Bt/u*
Was our y La Vtftt ; Lt J)**/tr ti lEfpf+M.
'.* Thole who \x\\ been convcrtant with our lice Appendim,
will Ttrnecabct that we $are a »ery ample account of the tin* edition
of t hi 1 excellent poem, in the Appendix to our 4 ill volume I with ■
traufiation of a peftage, ia which the Author admirably defcribestha
tACk ptodaced by 4 aae morning ia the fprinj: in which traiiuaiiort
we endeifOtfrcd to leader feme decree of jultice to the grniur and
fpirii of the original ; and if oar friend*, are riot flatterers, avt were
not wholly uofuccrfifuL— The Author of LnS*i/tm;, it, if we miilalce
not, the Marquii de L*mbrt.
A % r. X.
Kjt1»fti*9 f»r Ui W«/j/ra/.«»/, -ufr.— Ko^uiriei i>to the diaTerent
Mo»Jil»CJi*o«» of ihe Aunoiphete; couuinirj* a critical Hitlory of
Ihe (titOJici«r andThcrmoj.cter, ice. By ). A. Oc Lvt, Cituea
of Gene; a. Ax- t Vol?. 4««. »,»itliFii[»rc».
(Contif ue4 from (he Appendix to our Uft VoUinte, page r-
AVfE return with plrjfure to rht confidcrjt'»ori of this inge-
" nicus experimental Ln^jity, from which wx have al-
ready extracted focue of ibe more material particular!, refaiipg
Co rhc b ic barometer, contained 0 f! - two tu& <hap-
teia uf the vrorlc. The Autiii/r'i h-Aorxal doicripiifii of that
iflftfMWMt ia followed by an civcjuiry into the cuule of the li^be
whucKis obfetved in the upper part of (he tube, on cauftng iht
mercury to nibble in i; j and which M. De LtK take* t|iof«
ptini tbati perhaps arc noc-dury co pto\*s \o M% »va Ox^yvcA.
App. Per. VoL'xVtx. P p f^atw
58o De LtfCaja,**** AfaBfUtiimt tf& Jtwufthcrt.
l^enonwnon.- In -thc-jicxt Chapter he gives his iMtWaavoo-
^^fc but perfpicuGui and inftrudtve hiftocy and difcur&otio'ftax
-different hypothefes which have been-, invented to- account far
and explain (he motions of the mercury in the barometer ascor-
icfpomiing with the changes in the stmofphtre \ particuiajky
jtjic b.ypothefcs of Wallis, Halley^ Leibnitz., Mairao, .bti-
nouilli, Muuchenbroeck, and fever al other phtfofopborcofaae
iji& and prefent century. He ihewa the iafufEcioQoyxtf- ttofc
4}>eoriea.to account for the phenomena*, and ptcipoicaJiiaowir*
in which he fuppofes that the chances observed in the weight Of
'the attnofphere are principally produced by the prefencc or ab-
ience of vapours floating in it.
According to M. De Luc's theory, a compound of air and va-
pours is fpecifically ligbttr than an equal bulk of pure or. dry
air. His reafonings on this fubje& are accordingly founded on
this pojlulatum, or principle \ that vapours dsmiaijh the ipncinV
gravity of the air, or, to ufe nearly his own words,. Mfaacthe
introduction of vapours into the air dimlnifhca the fpeenavand,
confequently the abfolute, gravity of thofe columns of the eo-
mofphere into which they arc received, and which, notwiih-
ilanding this admixture, remain of an tfttal height with tbeaoV
joining columns which confift of pure or dry sir.' The Au-
thor here only briefly indicates the principles of this new^theosy;
but he afterwards enlarges upon it, and endeavour* to fliew thatit
uconfonaat to experience, and well adapted to explain* wiofc the
grtateft facility, the principal phenomena of- the barometeiy as
connected with, or produced by, the varying density aad weight
of the atmofpbere.
In the following chapter M. De Luc enters into an hiftorkal
and critical difcuffion of the various attempts Which have been
made, at different times, to apply the motion of the mercury
in the barometer to the meafuring of acceflible heights : begin-
ning with the Jirft trials of the celebrated Fafcal and Defease*,
who originally fuggefted the idea of applying- that kifouaaeftt
f.o this purpofc ; and concluding with the more accurate expe-
riments-made by M. fiouger and the other French academicians
ufrferu. % In the courfc of this exam en, M. De Luc ihevrs the
"difagreement obfervable between the principles, rules, or fir-
mula given by the different enquirer* into this fubjeet;and
fih4a fuflicient reafon to attribute tbefe differences, in pat, to
the imperfection of their inftruments, and partly to the faatt
number of good observations. . . .
-, T)« abundance and variety of matter contained in thefe two-
volumes, and the very complicated nature of fome of the Au-
thor's enquiries, particularly thofe relating to the raeafurmgof
^eights by the barometer, prevent us from attempting a regular
•r circuniftaaua\ «w\n fo <& ^& ^\^toa^^ . Vwtatd .the wm*
;t ' , ... ; :.'.v .***
De Luc m tb< AMfiMim! ff tfo Airftfwi. 58 1
itirlf is not coeftructed on a ftri«ftly -regalir plan. U'e mrau
not hone vex by this obfetration tu intimate that M. De Luc is a
«icfultoiy or immrthodical writer. The breaches oY method
which axe obfrisaifc in hu pcri"i>rm j-icu arc accounted for, and
at rhc lame Unu juftified, by 1 .1 fiances auct>jirrg rht
<0«po6liMi cr it : BMOy pVU of it having been written, «nd
ctcn pnxiccii, ardiftant periods of naic* aiu1 enlarged by fup-
picrocntil article* added altcrward' ; the produce of fuiH«q itnt
cjipuioacjua said reflections. We Oioul-J add, however, that
theincaairtnietKes ari*obfairiu*t a riling from ihUcircuTllioce,
•re cooiiaWrably diaiieiihcd bf the uuiul expedient of afcxing
numbers to all the pingraphs, aud rnaking frequent reference*
front one to the oihex. foe these aad wher rcaftons we ihall
1 coafint otitirHcs 10 the order cbterrcj in the work ; but
fiuli ieiecX and cxtr^d from tao dirfeicnt pario of it fueh new
aabscrvauuni9 as appear moot likcjv to jntcicit our pbilufupliic.il
Header*, in general 1 intiithecoierfy on tbofe which relate to the
more taraitiar or popular parts of the different fubjc£b treated
tart.
Enquiries into the »ir bus denudes, cr other modification*,
of the aar at ifc Iter cut heights ; t.jc crfccl of tbefe variations cfi
the tnxory or agronomic*! r«frac*'OfiSi and the application of
the luroti»r:r.' to the purpofc of mcafurrng acceSTiblc helghr?
vvitn case and accuracy, weie the original and principal objecl*
lives that led the Alienor into trie rxtcnfivc train uf cxpe-
and rcaibni.igi that cantlitute the ftlbjeels of this
In the prosecution of ibefc enquiries, the Author vc v
early found the baroi » the inQrumer.r which wjs to be
ius ptincipoJ guide ioihak researches, in a irate not furectcntJy
advancsd toward per region, to fecoisd his views, or to anfwer
taeitaaiclwiont thae had been founded upon it. Through a
ooaaaocndablc loaa of accuracy be appears to have been fuc*
caJhuly led on rrom on* itnoroswrteot to another, 1a the con-
aliuiiioooi that inlirumcut, till he had- reduced its derrattoro
fsows truth, or, at ler.fr, from uniformity, within the narrow
tanas o* a fatttuth% cr at far tact the" aghtb of a Alan W|
sornrtime* even and rum Umeneiag that he ha* not been able
to conquer this minute aberration.
We tuaU not undertake to accompany tlse Author ihrotrgh
tbeaecswtajvattendiDi* tr.» part of his fubjecr ; nor is the accu-
racy which he appears to bare attained, nccetTary to the com-
mon purpofes for which the barometer n uiually employed %
though it is indifpenfably requilite to the accurate menfuration
of height* by rhai inftr ament. Hut there is a certain degree of
prectuon, or approach towa/dr perrVittoa., watch every perfon*
who taker, p!»fuie 10 Btakustj pbilolophicaJ c4>(ervarioas, would
wilk hat initrurnerits to be p*ireftexS o<, ¥ot v^aViKacA "6»
/arye c/afi o/w«r RaJcrs, *« fiull dwe'A upori vtici cA >^^ 0^«
cato&aa***
58a De Luc m tU Af$£juati$ns *f At Atmtffbtrd.
comftanees which more materially area He tocurVcy of die
indications eXhifceod ^ih ■*■ tmTbavtfaftttf aftetom
ItttStO ttte c0rtftrtfft«ac;of tfa ba*nrp«tof jafcjfr fsV.awarfrft^
fpe-fis a cprreftisn wbii^^»|nqicT.tQj,bg!aatni<d-ft»4i»tfai»t.
rcrvatfonv made: t*Mlil«£i •'"'• "•■' -■■- ,TTi«r".". . * .-.;. <nohnsao
1 The= barometer C«MMt ju%anda««m the weighs flfeffc* m
if -The upper part of the tube conttirstriy^erifibJeripjt^t^jtf
that fluid. M. De Luc, in cofifaqueocnarf Mpe*«jdDoWtfn%
lions, -found that a barometer, howrcrCr caaehsllpgonfliiifliji ill
<nbcr refpe&c, it not to be da^ndedu^n»<uWrf»jfhgillWaflr
and the tube have been tborougkly -.def}Hvc^v.bfi««eaM:pf 1
violent heat, of the ait whkh adhcDe* to^, brvis rflMltayd il
rhem , and which, when abac epenmtkbp^o&Jat^mfrifymk
will afcend into the +atuttm. -rrir- fmllr^Tinfl nbfrfTrilaina.wiM
fully evince the neceffiry of tins pxoccfe; ;,: i,. l0.ti ; Hariolom
He placed in the faaus room feveral >hatocaat^,f>ifctrjMf»f
which the mercury had been boiled in. iha fiihr iiahili j>Wiaa||aji
hid' been prepared in the co— Oft mOraaen, ;Haftiaaj aajrtaf1
the height at which the mercury ftootbm oicb^te^aAw^f
rncreafed the heat of the room toaa gjeat a<de|wiaw>fiB$|ta.
On this occafion all the barometers, thai -hai beeafc/prepaffoi
Vx flrri reft uniformly y while abofe, which bud bocjfcp*c(aar^l in
tho common manner, Stfcmdtdt *n£ or dffirtmt.prcftmptit-c^Qi
'putting out the fire, the firft rnemtoaedooeTorrKtes^iwteerW
efcetided regularly, tkfundtd with ih^Arnict^o'titspmyp^mUc^-
naHycorrefponded with each at her 1 mhenvifo tttbmh^JMbb
the feme irregularity with which rtfceyi hoi .beaatWafcwsirWu
nor were they found, at the end of the aqtpjrinaea^c^ifcWfcy
the fame height*, with rcfpecX to ■each\othefr uWl: ta^> 4i^--*«
the beginning of it. •-..••• , & ©; baSAoxt vl^rflsoot*.
L Some of the pbencntna -:aneiidm^ «hii',eK^crifa^;aOntfi^
baps require explanation..- in 'c^biniogltiieay^atjkmvltoB
advantages arifing from the boiling of thoitittmjry-iaibftjfeabr**
will be better underftood. The aicedt of the mereusy m •bofe
baromtttcra from which, ehe »ir. had ■ been *xpe,Ued JOctiWoftfft*
cefs, was the naturalotfect of the dilatation '0/ 'the wktU\ah§\
eotamn^n confequencBof the ioareafed beat of. tbo r#om©.,,A
barometer in every refpeft perfcm uifitfbjttt to variatwrviipfp-
cecdfog from this eaufc -alone, which ^unavoidable ..wbdiffg-
tent temperatures of the' air with, rcgaraNao heart and coid^bttt
in fuch an inftrument thefe v»riattom*w»U be ^ouiotra, aJftdfff*}-
portions! to the caufe whkb produces. thcra; amd thc*t&iamity
of- the effect can now, in confluence of M. Dc LucV-jceB-
rate experiments omhrrhead; bt c,jfily-afceTtatned--and aliowid
for; provided that every other fource of .error .baa ItfCP ipre-
vioufly arfnihtiatcd* -Wc .{hall afterwaeds flic* <riwt.chc.erwr
hence arifing 1* 0$ (oA4DftKt m^u\w^& \» tvu&ewftlte ataeraJba
Of thttfe who ate cui'iow *tt wk oaaswivs— l^e. feftatatxt «»*«
telMd'tn the other buo^teeerr defected, a*d in * very .'
pitjt marine*, ibuogh oqually acled ujnan by the fame cau:
cfWatttt^bMiiif*, mabcm, tbac ceufc.wa* co»nter-UeJ *n itt
operation, and overcome, b)' (be fprmg of the air MMUMXfl 'l>
the *pp<* part or* the tobet, now incr*»usd by the heat, and
h&ing with fj.orc or iefi force in ibe different cubes, according
avibry conuincd more or left of that fluid.
It Jl -net one of the kaft coniidctabJe *d*antog« actcrvduif
the Author's method of boiling; the mercury in the tube t. that
l/'thte oreoa**, imlipwcent U the e/*atcr degree or pt kc-
tkiit -yoaftincrf by the b.iromrie/5 thui prepared, they all Ipeak,
luHrtyV tfte*/#«* iutjptsjf*; and that mArurnent thereby be-
•eine**jt> accurate or<mr4iAT «/.r'i.rr of the weight of the at-
XDoCphcre ; though ir the hands 06 pcrfoos who have 110 com*
kl#«lc«doa with etch otaer, 00c conlcqurn:i> oppoHumttei of
roehpurrng their retpecbue inffrumrna- VVc Hull therefore,
lor Hie e/attneatioa or the cunowr, reiite the enolt elltnual pant
of 10c nuihoc'r manner of conducting the oj>cutifu ; Jcfctib*
ing eoene of the more fioguhr phenomena (hat accompany of
arc connected witb it.
Th*» Author chi»fc* a tube of about tero liaei and a half or
three lrne« boie, aini »iot exceeding half a line in tlncicncU j as
a thicker tube it more itaWe to be craeted or broken by the
vtote>tce of the hear to which it i» oxpofed m tbi» opcratrot.
Me-'fiUa it with pure mcrrvry to within two inches of the top,
and then hot* rt, wah the tealod end ioweft, in an iiiclwicd
pufttlou, over achena^dtfh of hurraing coab placed near the
edge o£>a table ;. in order <hat all the part* of the tube may be
fucccflivciy expofed to the a&ion of the fire, on moving it uxne-
wffUtohlioQely owrr (he chafing- difh. We fiparce need to ob-
ferre -(tat the. foaled cod » rut* gradually piefeotcd to the tire.
A« foon at the mrrrery becomes hot, the internal ftirfeae uf the
tube *• perceived to be ftudded with an infinite numbxr of mi-
note aJr bubbles, .which incicafc in &z£ by <uomug »t»io one
anothar, and afcend towarJi the higher part of ihe who ;
-where electing with a cooler fluid they arc condenf<di and
nrarty dafipptur. In consequence, however, 0/ fucccftiur, f.-ni-
gnstioru toward the upper parts or the tube, which are foc-rcf-
1 licatcd, ibey rmally acquire a bulk whk:* cii«b*c» tfniu.
Ml their united form, entircJy to efcape.
Wljeo the mercury boil*, * itt parte,' fays the Author, *
■garni* each other, rnd a^ainfi the fides of the tube.
i Oor countryman, Mr. Ortne, execared a procef. of thi» kin4
on the barometer, prepared by auaa, a> is ctrforily ohlerrc*i l\ the
. Amber, bee Phil* Tranf, No. 448, tot Vhc -jtat v, ^.
504 !> Lot ** fft 16«/fer&r^lfc ,**#***
violence, that a'" ptffort Who Is" not ifcettftbtoe* W rtfi* 6fieM768
will naturally apprehend the deArtitttoM of the tube/ A» Tbbfl
as the ebullition commences, ■ ft is e'afy,' -he'xdctt, « to keep
it up from one end df the tube to the other, by noting It Axc-
ceffively over the coals/ The facility, however, Hf this 3»ft*
mentioned manoeuvre fs not clearly evinced in M;DteL*c*a;tt6
laconic defcription of the operation; not; though he "i* '-on other
Occafiotjs frequently and laudably mifrute, is he Ttiffidenclyt^
cumftanrial with regard to the manual part of it, or in trie ar-
ticle of expedients to enable the pMlofopbical ameUtttr to repeat
tike procefs without burning his firtgen :— a flight esjrifidenitfoti
however, we eonfeis*, with experimental philofophera/'- :,"-i0
The advantages that refult from this opefefionftppttfrtobt
thefe : The whole body of the mercury, and the interior Wr*
face of the tube, are hereby freed from all-Hie m in urtt- arid tw-
perceptible particles of duft and moifture which tfjeygehejafiy
contain, and of the little dttmffbtm that Are feen toTiiftound
them; which, during the tumultuous motions df tfteften^irf,
are vifibly driven up towards its fur face, arid exprilefl. '- The
tube and the mercury are deprived likewiie of all Hie iir'that
can be expelled from rhenVantj particofsriy from'the-'Airfftce of
the former, by the violent heat and agitation* -of boiHHg^qutcl^
filver. As that heat tools a determinate or ^xetfiqufcSr&^lts
effects in expelling the air from dinVrtnt Vubes-wiH-be9wnJ
equal; fothat though fomfr frhair portion ofatT ""maj{H!!'W'Jeft
fn tRerri, there can be no gtert differerice in fte'<juahfiry:bf k
Remaining in different tubes thu* uniformly :Vreatw. JittOToV
ingly, the barometers thus prepared not oiilV:ft*Wd ni^heFMM
tbolc which have not undergone "this proctfs ; otftat the fame
time they pretty accurate!/ corrtffpond with 'eaJh-otber f "wfctfe
thofcthat have not been fubjecled to this- operation BaW Been
bbferved to differ fix or eight lines from each otnerln'ftdfleigBt
of the mercury. '-" - '*-'°
We cannot overlook a curious ctrcWnftance corVfttfuent^a
this operation. M. DeLuc bbfervesthat the gfeafef> p*H of
the air which is expelled daring the procefr, proceeds frofn nW
internal furface of the tube, where it feems to have-foriHed^
thin firatum or lining of air, which canndt be mlloHged -from
thence by the mercury introduced into Aetube fn rlte^cotnmoh
manner, but requires the violent heat and agitation of boiHng
quickfilver to detach it. But it is very remarkable th*tB after
rhw aerial coaling has been once effectually feparated and e»-
pelted, if the tube be emptied, and fome other, even cold, raer-
rury be introduced into it, the barometer thus ixtmp*to*t*ify
^tftd", will be nearly as oerte&, or as free from air, as before.
K«
Dc Luc 00 c&r Ah&fi**iwtf:kj Atmftkirt
ctiiy tbat had bcrn boiled in it ; and if the tape procr
repeated, its internal furucc wul oi>; u* ■' itn t
a* in the turner operation.
e Author cadcawowi to account fcr thefc phenomena by
KOMikiii:; OH iWlKClKUfllfiAliCCXttCiiJi.iglliCilwki i
4Cibe,glife-houlc, where they are cut is to lengths while
arctfdihot, and lie on the daily ground with both tbpir.e
nutiet open, into which the impure aii or* tlie plice mull r._
lanlf cour while they arc cooling, i moiitufV and duft
c-jward*. Heobfcr/rsF lous thai a fjcih adruiiGoj) of
tublUocc* u»:o a lube that hu once undergone the urocefs ab
dcicribcd, ami hxi ctoq been kepi c.npty for a ittoit tii:-c, u
prevented, or at leai: yreatly retarded \ is one of the cxcrenii-
uci of :ht tube is now fcaied, and tbc air cannot or.
count maculate fraBdy in aud tluougU k, 04 depout in it u>
.moiiiurcor other impurities.
It i*. one uf il; i:nccsof the preceding pioccfc,
a paaoocnertoia which has! hitherto been only Owcafionaily. o(if
ixryed to tbc preparing of barometers, generally, if not ■
alaotlr, attends the ©octrruc*taQri of them in (bit manna.
gcutir inverting the tube into a b*tvsi of quickfalvcr, the ■
jpplu i;n ut mercury rcmaini iufpeodec, cor will the quick
detcrndto it* pax.pt/Jcrclviirioutibakingihc tube, and that
tuuivi;»r!i-ic% *\ wc hate been told, pretty violently. Wbcu,
Jkowevrr, inc mercury doc* fall down, it hirmfbcsa proof that
*U tbc ai; has uot been expelled in this Operation 3 for on
jaco\ilttly tocUning the tube, fa that the mercury may return
.again to tbc top o; it, a fcnaii bubble of air ia perceived, *
tor mercury f'xoim coming into contact with it. Never*
oo fuddcnly and repeatedly dcpr±iling tbc upper end of
tabe, and thereby Arongly impel] ma the norevty agaiafl
or it, ttvt ae;u bubble, ;M. JJe Luc obfervca, may be
maiic to re*ctsicr the quick&ver, and the cohcfion will again
iakc.plac* *. Another curious carcumiUrKc bat liaxwi:- beet;
obicned to attend tbi» experiment. iiomcu*jK» fevcrai inches
ai the mercury will remain fufpendc:!, or attached i
©fohctubc, while the remainder of the column wJi fcpar.tc
iiicil from ihrm, and- rail down to the. proper height; I
tbc vicuum Utwcaatoeau
j — «
• The CaJM rS"eft, vtr have \>:en fold by aa iogecioar. pcrfon who
prtpart* bavor-aeieta in a manner aot matenaJiy different from that
c daacribed, will be produced, merely by tulTeriag ih< tpbci to
as iftcjiocd poiitioo for a fcw day i, at the cad of which tunc
aerial bubble diiapptii. and the eonuc't of the mercury with
the top of the tube, and the fufpsnuoo uf the \t\vw «iAat, a*gkux>ata
prepi
*Vo.«wiS*
5*6 D^^^M^^w^^U&dm^^ma
Though M. Qc Imc: grntn&y .&ij*Sik itheaphttofcjAk*
que (lions tbtt falLin-.-hia- wiy&fG**d9ny:ti*£afcbtmlfmfe&\y
iilcnt with regard to the prohabk caabc of oke tool .fiafraafe*
of the quickfilvcr in long tube*,-. wrticJL.naa. never jt^.haiwm.
opinion, been fatUfa£oriry accounted far, -though ctiaaasioto
icrved above a century ago, and the problem laa^eiaUnrf/va-
rioully agitated by Lord Brounckery M. Ho ygciu, ..Dr. MMb£
and othcri, who had occafionally fovn.taw aeeacua y. jafl aid ad w
the Tortcellian tube at the height cienirf 75 iac**nvj:lNor>
witbitanding the improved irate of natural pbilofopby iaarqntf-
tion feemi to have lain nearly dcarnam JoL«l©ngtmaeifain;-a»
leaft little more baa beeo.cffeSed toward* it* folotfoe^; chanrew
tailing or commenting upon the hypo theicj rftfaefcftafcfen»rtj
The inftanceaof the rirone cofaefinrtof two :pobfiaed^e>laoc»fltf
metal, marble, or other ptid fubrrancca to each ot*jer,,iniaaf
cxbauflcd receiver, fuggcfled by HuygrnaTty end. rrpraari, art
different forma by othcri, with a view to axpUia^ittaacaa**
menon by the fuppofed preflure of a certain, tobtiftc raaranv«tr
aether, or ai refuhing from the wtrtaflja* of «obcfioof appear
very inadequate, or at leaft can be iH applied to %fiwdi\i\&uKx>i
vnlefs we were to fuppofe that the mercurial, column^watf Jeaa
fudden tranfmuted, ind fi*ed into. 1 JM ^ronythetaseejU^a*
which muft neceflarily remain fufpcnded^ if. any pmnoi irivrere
attr««9ed by the internal Airfare of tkc.giara,. or :pteEai^mais
k by toe fuppofed -ether,, with a fuffidedfafocee, sw ad 01 u ::
'* Dr. Jurin hae, indeed, in bia ingcaioua^rwxr.tn&siftriifaaV
penfion of water in capillary tubea ft otc^ineiiaeraailyupfjani
bit reafoningt on that fubjeet to ibe prafeMiqaertipniaqiianba*
indeed proved that rocrcuryy rx^withitamjay thciippaatwacci
which fcem-to indicate repuluon, .is aitttmfed by. iglafa ^kikutio
has tliewn lilcewife that Owattta&on.ofincrcury;taueahcaigBPl
cury is greater than that of mercury tp;»f»fstT; fFbiei aaperibr
attractive power may, nevertheless,- 1 w» acknowledge, nraJtbd
prcfent cale, be overcome by the inferiee, xicJby that: ftaafiaaag
between glafo and mercy ry* .in coni"cqucnoeii(rf aer»«irrf,cikte«
Aancts, and particularly oo account of,*h&i™:r*afn of br Jr*0iu£
forfeit at the arched top.of>tfcc tu&opbynrdcananof wrijiofiuv
much greater Dumber of mercurial, parti ciflj onayvedme ^aet*
contact with the gloju th».n wjbat /ecedn^lrons jheJ-contaAraof
tnt to evitbtr \ fo that (he attraction of .the gla&caayiprevnilj
and CBufe the mercury, imw*difit<ty r*xncfntf with lit, tov.*d-
here lojt;. but ii>H it may be afked, by wrvatipowtr ihe-rrnaarr*-
der a( the .column of tbit pendtrtaa and fiuid ^bftance*i feasted
towards the axia of (he cylinder, and oerfiainly ouc of the .reach
•" ■ "... , , . ' .11 HI1! 1 Ui|fpi I J Km l.i pill
+ See PhU.TraoL \4a.*&» 9x» *** v '*** • v-ATS^ i.,-v4*. ra
J $ec?h*UTtw4tto»i|£, VA>^*VS: - . >A V. \^p.
De Lac ** 1k U*£fMu*ty**Jhnft!>irK $T
of the attraction of the glass, and, in fo-n* cafe, extending 40
or 50 inches ia height, i* prevented from yielding to the power
of gravity, and falling down : as its particles are (oJicited aa
much downward by t*>fc of tae mercury below them, u they
art auraftcd upward by those above thenu
VVc bave;ibore described one of the molt materia] circum-
ft«— — « rcqailuc to be uLtcivcd in the tonfLrac*iion of barome-
ters, h? wswch these io^rumenu any attain a certain, and not
iocobiidssabsc, ckgixo of perfection 1 or a: icalt may be eefoc-
li r* noari rm the fame degree, thar is, may move uniformly,
aadftaniatthefaine height at the fame time and place, foal
to fpeaa: the fame language ar.d be comparable with each other*
Other -ostcktsaiUncei ttowever, in the contraction, arc ntccf-
Uty cu fee ittcndcd to, ki the profecution of delicate experi-
ments,, which our Jcmita prevent ui t/om particularising. But
tavposuos; a barometer to be formed which pofleilcs every" ad van -
uye tiwt feu be vvm bo thsn InfiisWH, it- Bemoan will
oocctiatilf be sttectec by the varying temperature of the aav
bient medium, with rri| :xt and cold, and will, on that
require a certain correction. Tb s u that other err-
we nropofed to take notice of, and which we
sWUsaeplan bya faasdjar illustration.
yrSShc saronacxr ii a aWasv/, by which we ptopotc to afcertam
the wsgncof the armofphere; but if the t$*xttrfxif*, by which
it ;s to be weighed, itleit lenlibly varies in confequencc of an
axtrirackar or foreign cante, ir is expedient to attend to and
aJfi£svKhc qaantity or laws of that vsrtation. Mercury rf this
csdi net poi he, than fpecinc gravity of which it affected by heat ;
to that the fame weignc of atmoiphcrc that iufcair.s 29 inches of
this; staid in the depth or* winter, will be able to fupport a
loagrt cotuan in the height of fummer, or in a hot room,
when, at as become fpccihcalTv tighter in confequcncc of the di-
latation .produced ia it h) neat. Nor is the qaintity of this
virsrkom m the buiic of the mercury io minute as to be fairly
ntisjl rifled in saspetiroenta that requite the tea ft degree ot pre-
cjtsoa. In thole relating to the meaforing of heights in parti-
caisas, where a 16th of a Isnc becomes an object of confide* z-
isocs and where the hamraeter is alternately exposed to the
sroscfl air of hs^b mountains, and the heated armofpherc of the
plains, it stares a vary ioiportant element in the eilcttUtion.
How.mpeh. the barometer ji arretted, in confequcncc of the
saraaacxioc. of mercury try heat, may be ciUmarcd from -the fol-
knaing refult or general eotifeqaenc* drawn rrcm the Author's
luasnerotas experiments^ nude to ascertain the exact quantity < f
she error siifmu, from this caufe.* From thefe it appears -• tfeit-fc^
#« merttft »fht*t tapcltt if r*ifin£ lb fJ.trmomtir? frtrr, fee £<**.-
/'*/ 19 tU totting pti«t. tbt btltbt *f tot mrViirrlal column in \Vi*
588 £>e Luc «* tb* M*£fi**tk*s.*fihi Jimtfhm
kermtttr is increafed m Irfs than fix lines % or baJf mm imcb prmfiki
and proportionally for fmaller differences of heat. .
On this account a thermometer become* a proper or necet
fary companion to the barometer. To Ieflen the trouble of
calculation, the Author has formed a comrnodioua diviuon.of %
fcale for a thermometer adapted to this purpofe, which at or*
view indicates the correction nectfiary to be made ca aocouat
of heat. It is conftrucled on the following principles.
Each line in the (bale of the barometer is firft fuppofeoVto be
divided into four parts. Thefe intervals, M. De Lqc obfcrres,
may eafily be divided by eltisnation, or by the eye, into row
other parts, each of which will be a fixteenth of a line. The
fix lines above-mentioned, which exprefe the addition*/ length
-that the column of mercury in the barometer acquires, on bcjr>£
moved from the temperature of the freezing point m that of
boiling water, may accordingly be considered as divided into 96
equal parts. The Author therefore applies a fcale to a.roercu-
lial thermometer, in which the interval between the fretting
and boiling points if like wife divided into 96. parts; each «t
Which will correfpond to the jixtmmtkat m line in the motion ot
the barometer, as affected by heat dilating the mercury- '.-The,
following is the fubftance of one of the Author'* exoerisncoti^
which will at once illuftrate the natart, andibewithe afeawd
convenience, of this method ; and Will at the fame ttme> (trn
as a verification of the juftice and accuracy of it. " •** **\ - '•
The Author lives in a ftreet which baa a onrfiderable do*
totnt. In the fummer he placed two baromet err. that /^rfttttj
agreed with each other, together with a ihermomcttr grairu^rea
as above described, in his cellar, the temperature 0/ w^k^.isjtai
conuderably colder than that of the open air. Too ihsinyinw*
ter here flood at 14 of the degrees above mentioned, xcxkmwti
from the freezing point. Leaving a prrfon there ^tojnibSavt^
fee carried one of the barometers, and another ttutrinuiasW
graduated as the former, into an upper room of a houft'm the
lower part of the ftreet, the floor of which be had before twiud
to be exactly level with that of his cellar. In this room there-
fore the barometer, confidered merely as an exad ftatitMtlvSw
merit, unaffected by foreign caufes, ought to have flood, pre-
cifely at the fame height as in his cellar. Here however it rot
^ of a line; the thermometer at the fame time aibeadiog 8*V
gtees. The warmth of the room afterwards iocaoaamgy -'the
thermometer rofe 1 degree more \ ' the barometer accompany-
ing it by rifing another 16th of a line. Neither the barometer
or the thermometer in the cellar had varied during the courfe 0)
this experiment. The thermometer therefore in the hcofe now
flood 9 degrees higher than that in the cellar j and the two ba-
foaeteh
S«9
and on a . .
of thai intUument;
■itecnthr. ofalltK. It la evident
from the A :' & of
•c.i r on th* biryneter had not been st-
and allowed fi/r, iQ thia ciipcimcut, (he d.l7c:cn<wc
height) of thefe two barometer- ttve indicated 4
rrence of about 45 feet io the height* cf thefe t«o pb
fltth they were exactly upon the ft me 3eveL
Although this appears to be the molt important correction
ncceflirt to he made In d.i Ca of places by
mean', of the barometer ; there are many other circumllancea,
relative to the coufi ruCilott and ufc of that in fl rumen t, reqi
CO be to, the neglecl uf which will be productive of
etrnination i find which M. Dc Luc hai fuccef-
fncly dlfcovered in the coarfe of his lonjt continued, and accu-
rate Irweitjgatidnfc For thefe wc muft neeciTarily refer the
1 the worV kfclf, and Aval! proceed to another vcpj
oiiUtuI and intcrcPirc pirt of his cncj'jiric*.
. M. He .nocnetcr,
of m :'i the theory
eenftitcte a very eoific ftigatn iw
>lc> with tat fan* roinfttcncfi, precmon, and fiicee!'*, triatdif-
aia r>bferv*:ion> oa the barometer. His firft and peinehxtl
to rs-oaiic, by a cocrl'e of caperimen. . for thac
i what fluid ii befl adajr peaforc ol ifirtliffe.
decreet of Heat ; and fca»ie£ once fatiifaftnnlj afcefcaioed tKat
optos to concur in ;!k adoption of «bia
iculax eorflmftion: fo chat thofc ad-
i m»» be dcri the fatuic obfervacions to be
en hare Lccn hithc;;o frequently tod,
Ihro^r from The rat4«ie« of matter or
Jfcnfttlkat hove 8e<n adopted in taeT^nltrqftioo of tfcit >nflruar*t.
^MteNI very taie- five ard well condticScd experimental en
gb« gj*r wunri fra/ frapa tin of Ttnoai iluida, and particularly ofwa-
aort c*ii», reclined fptriu. add mercury, he R'vo, on many accoanta*
a define jireior. r.r
jupi mere - I >tnc lime pill born pretty generally
1 inermomtrcr;, in preference ;
been ofed for that purpnfc, 1;
:
<ol'''' -" • • : '. ' 1 w feme of eta H ifC .:r->" n
of thli eajjihry ; from vuhieh it »ill appor tN«: thi» pftfcrt n
«*lJf;(c*ftndcd! after th»*«ty fttifl c.cujieo whie* trail andotlcriuiefi
fcare aadtrgoae io lbcevnrtc of M. I>e i.oc's e*perimc:t
The adrantagta-vrhkb Men.uty polfelTo iU« all otacr Uqu*d»
hwiheuo »fed in the conflrWiiori nl a ibcmnnvicr, may be extra pre-
ieaded under the Hve foijo^ing heads, which »c l) ; Jrcwa
ike work, adding *a cxploootory :'5ct.dki of thrrn.
lm+\ 4 (l*iJ* vi'/^n-j tnfituJ in tin t*wfin,3t'$s
if thrmMvittf, ;">#r -*rV.o m*J*r& m^}ttnOh tf»d *ijnr*rt if
6 Um.
fact, very nearly proportional to ttt¥itfjftfiMa^ Ipfl,
— is quality ofMercory, ^'^W$# fcW
ae fufficieot to entitle* ft to i prtrWndTsbore eV*A|
Th
is alone _
in the conftructing of • ttrermometer. r&arih£Jn^idfbW!e_
who is acquainted with the bonds tftatNatttr* iMarMBWtffc'
•W enquiries oa this fobjea, ma/ prbb*bty *e firprftaT WtM_ _
parent boldnefs of the preceding prppjAtlom xrrfrt&ab dHoWwjfe
tier fuScicm iff/a can be procured to conMttrtc a^ni'ff.iin^fcii
for a conclufion of this kind. Th^detet^itiihg-, ty;«er,rSta«-
meter, whether a certain liquid contained '\tt ft'recortes iM^'ipv'
mentations of bulk, on its receiving equal additional 'pbrifUU."6f
heat, while the thermometer rtftff » rhe'iirftrOment o/V^rtSrtoy
equality of fuich portion! of heat it tobe afceitartaeaV V^jjffjm
fight the appearance of reasoning in a circle. : WearerV^Jrlfiff^A'
we have obferved on a former occafion \ erf the prbAf&^^Usiy
Or in other words, are unacquainted with any fobiiai^TOtaVrr-clfc
Toid of fire, which might serve to conftftute Ae Zrnv-ibr" WaS? 6tri
tbcrmornerrical fcale; ft) that the abtolnte quantity of beA'.e^tftalar*
in any body, ts, and will perhaps for ever rejsajn, «nkrxow» io us.
It is not however impracticable to diicorer or ascertain the reiaxhi
augmentations or diminutions of the quantity of heat already eiiiniJ
in bodies. " '* ••"•— " ™
We (hall not defcribe the virions and oniacceiifil atrempt* Hoi
have been made to commtinicate to a fluid eqwal, though unltisbwii,
portions of heat, by expoiing it to the action of one or mefte fear* *"
tamps; or M. Buffbn's more ingenious propofaJ of i^MrW e
Suantities of heat to a body, the Honor in • thermometer farrofri.M„.
y throwing upon it fuccellively the H^hx and heat of the ftrh," re?
fie&ed from one or more of his combination df plain fpecdl£ "Ml'toe
Luc's proportion above mentioned n tbtt&ded oo che rmpr^etfeiai-
We diffusion of heat throughout liquor* of dirfcrent tempOTiurii
mixed with each other ; and his- coririoaons are derived Tiofffouie
experiments, much lefs liable to fallacy Or Uncertainty 'IW jh» ryt
ceding, the idea of which .ii not new^.h^t . haj.baferc Acf iirred to
ProfclTor Richmann and others, in which two determinate. qokminVs
of water, of different temperatures, are mixed'togfther, 6*3 'the heat
which ought to refult front the mixture is-' calculated, according1 to a
certain/irW*, which we lhall give beltK^fv This ruJt l&'i»e]!g$
• ■' * ''" -■■■■• "hppiie,
■ ' "" ■■■' ■ ' > * n'l'firr i
* See Appendix to our 41ft volume, ^pagc JojV&c. ' "T * *;■'
+ As M. De Luc gives only an explanatory exempli fita'fen of
Profeiior Richmann't rule, we mail fubpia,.the-^«*/*it£l£l,ao;$|t.
tracked from the ill volume of the New Memoirs of the Royal Aca-
demy of Science* at ffeteriburgh. Calling' the hW* of oof "bf'fift
rontons of the fluid, ■, and that of rhettheti Mt and the heat oftfie
rft mentioned fluid, (eTprefTc4 in degree* oS a thermometer) *, 'and
that of the other/ H j tfte heat of the 'firil portion, win bw »4, :'kcA
that of the other,. M H: -their -Cum will- therefore be, *>** M U\
tnd the heat of the -mixture will be *qntKod by- t*o /#*i«V»
De Lac #* thf thSjScMttiu 0/ th< /ua$htrt. 591
tppliei t» dnrrfcexitinnas Ac tbarmo»H^'(fnttl9r>. or more par-
tuMlvlr. tUc re^uUmici or irrcgul*riii<j u* the Uiktt;wo> produced
±T heat. Jfl tiwwotieten oatlra^od of diftrcui flu
•Jf «tpe«imcnw 01 cbit fcad iccurvely condafted pretty jat a!a/a
tii» be prtcwed foe the ccadlroiiion of what 017* 0* termed an
* fyai 4-frrfwt,+i thcrmomtm,1 or aa iafirament tl.at Ihall mcalure
coVa) 'qauiciiici of beat in boJx*. iuj.<i.»dded a> a deter huiuic,
thoef* ***•*«*, q*ie*:ity already exilling in ifccm. The equality,
fcoweVer, e* inequality, of Uie decreet, to & ihrrmnmeerr ahlca \i t^
indicate l>*?{f eq..»l addition* or diminutions 0/ beat, BriU depend cm
(he particular nature of sir fluid contained it it. From M. De Lac a
rx*e?iracai» ii Aegean tai*. a mercurial thermometer 11 afmoil cxclu-
lively pofleiTed of thit tahinMc propr ;y . (Jut id kale, on bc'iay
divided iatt r«ioal part*, will denote cqaaj increment* or decrement*
•flicat..fcr the alccnt ordXccnt of (he mercury ' >oi, it
" is law, in ike tiucriai between the freexieg aod Unling
, arc regular, and cot very confiderable. They arc give* in a
<*>cubr<>i to erejjr 5 degrco. between thefc twu tin: its, whkh
' d-bj fhoie who ire engaged ia experilSCMI that re-
e-i--^ i MB c»rri-»rJ:L.ry decree of -*c:ui :•:;, .
Hf Rgtfjgab .jt:L:r\t further, ^nh regard to ihii curiam futyect,
JMkrrCw^ "''* atoicncucior.cd, examined by M. De Lee*
$W£.fB,("* in an increasing, and others in £ deci ealing ratio or pro.
greifo: fat-eel to virioui irre^ularitae*. 'I he condeatacioaA
, ia partkiuir. U iccocli, not Onlr proceed in a ratio very
tljc regular atxl ncarl) eijuit condcnfutKiai of
"jit mentioned fluid i: likewife fttrjecico Ibrnc i-cry
l.i in->tioai ia one pan of tic kale may crea be
uu Li vol between r and + .=:, in the fea!*
nomeccr divided acoctdiae to Reaumur'* mctl
. . thc/muau
g to Kfiumoj'i HKCh<>4
<£*,)£ Ji*txi ixtwteo the freezing and ike boiling poiau, (or
n) a thcrmumc:<.r c4
SfcSE^ ItteguUiuica; Wiicu uic oicccuriai tfwr«
t,^4*Jtejjm. {"4.1* Tihr.) the water in a thermo-
— : ■'
-. Or more cMtiMy tfcot: tie two roaffci bein* iupeedej
iTiUe degrvat of heat in rxh be added together, and the fun
j tha quotient «v»IJ e«pred the he*: of «a« ui»turc} x-. t
p-*e ii' htat in the hpticr Acud is now 6iSui<ji ;hrowj;N a douol
;wi> c^ual Ljuantitio of water, the one at 4V of Fanr"..
thcimmnrrrr. and thr oihtr ai. Ho*, beuay added logcicet. Li>
of the mixture (tmlicifcti b/ a thermooici^r ecu draped 0^ i
oj which irftaally correfpoad with the ir.:
he«> otfjht to be f.-v • for
+.*o
~6o. Bat jrtat dclicac)' and
Baany ralautc attration* arc ncceffiry io conda^ang the expen
a«M* Pe Xj*C tbead«BtJ> Jhewa. Jt mul* b»^e Ueo oieing M
•left of ihefe aticatioas. il;«t the Abt>e NuUci rVaad the motloei
ifirt t>t wlor to aoecc wiia thit law, from akicli, actordinjf to .M. De
-rate experimco;sP tWf ra^MI)' dem;c: — i*Jt<4
aieaoft u sanch aa ibef iiaa* froaa ifaoie of aei:
yeorrefpooi with ii
ttftMBI
•v
59* Dt Uc ** tkMdifirt^tf-ilKAw&viL
■tier made of tbj*r fluid bc^riffiMdVoviiekrtof^fltikpaii:^
Accordingly difpoied to rife whether .the h**c Si n ifc >> ■rftyttfMhi
mercurial thermometer front 4" to S^pffrma 41^10: 50ft Patau} or
diminishes from 4* too, [from 4&» Sjo-3cc*f ahr.}- At lodplWb
points io the fcaleof a mercurial tlwtssntnftjr foisw.yag Ai jofMftj
the water Hands at the fame height : hot if the mercurial Llssvisnae*
ter r///j from o to 40 [Reaumur] the water- thermometer MjctnJr \ %
degree : when the farmer proceeds forther tram 4* id- -8 ^ I lis mm
life* I a degree, or returns to its former ftatioo* fcinattsv whetrbssa
the thermometers art at 0, and tho odW1 inoeaies, the wateritfcsia
« rapid and irregular manner, if the baJb is not haoken^smri fsroe*.
The addition of a little fait to the water not only preventa tfaxr isft
cfetf, but tends greatly to coned thefe irregular! tiea. ■> >: i
Jl. * Mercury is •/ mil lipids thai which is shx auft vmfiiyfiwtfflm
mir.* The truth of this proportion is well known } as are Iataoaihi
the inconveniences refulting from the air contained ta other- jfa&i
and the difficulties of perre&ly extricating and cxpeUmg it rrbia
them. One circumftance coniequeat on executing tfaia piocesV 00
fpirit of wine is very remarkable. M. Jia* Bamd& JayaW, anYia*
genious friend of the Author, communicated to? him* a tactkosVof
enabling this liquor contained in a thermometer, to indicate; aadte
ftifUin without ebullition, the heat of boiling water; that is,* h*»
about 40 degrees (of Fahrenheit's tcale) greater than that •£ hejd«pg
fpirits. This quality is communicated to it, by perfectly depriving
it of the air contained in it. The operation is ample, but frequently
tedious. The pre/fore of the atmofphere is rirfi taken off icons this
liquor contained in a thermometer, by arfi railing it, by means of
neat, to the top of the tube, which is then immediately leafed. _ The
liquor on being fuffered to descend in the cold* leaves a««r*» in tho
tube ; and the air contained in the fpirit, being now freed iram, .the
preflure of the atmofphere, extricates itfelf from thence and afcxadv
Prcaking off the {baling, and raiting the liquor again by. heat tp
the top of the tube, thu air is expelled, the thermometer m,£rW
anew, and on the cooling and defceut of the fluid, a vacuity is affHOJ
formed, into which frefh air aicends, which has been ftowJy .dxjen.-
gaged from the fpirit contained in the bail. The procefs jt£tyurti|
dexterity, and is not unattended with difficulties; and ftu&oumcs
several weeks are required to communicate this property 10 tho
fpirit
M. Dncrejl, another friend of the Author's, has likewife focceeded
in constructing fpirit-tbermometers, that will fuftain and indiern
the heat of boiling water, by a very- different method. He leaves
the upper part of the tube full of air, which by its preflure pre-
vents the fpirits being driven out of the tube, as would atherwile
happen, on its being expofed to the heat of boiling water: aad
lea ft the compreffion ihould be too great, he blows a little bujb *$
the top of the tube. But both thefe thermometers are fuUjcit u> ir-
regularities, and have betides been obferved, after (brae time, to lois
the quality which they had at firft acquired by thcie methods of con-
ftru cling them. — One oblervation connected with this fubjoctdeiervca
particular notice.
M. De Luc found, xne mixcSi &£tfsa»j Vfc ^W\^\\t™«««ri
made with /a/Nwatrr of itxtflt waaa»eV«ksfc»x%*n* ^**«*
Dc Luc rw ibi MtOfiiatimi */ tht Air-ttjfitrt, 59$
kUe. that it produced tawwi naor* raodiWthan »ra1hws«er; iH
which, appeared to hi* to be endowed wwh an tf*f*nfl*t power r*beh
gre&orr tfcim tkaCe of aanr wfcer liqui is that at &«4 cuwiturd. Tlri«
ajaasnty of fait-water, as he tfbggetlf, any oc#bly be nppKeo wfrit
Co»*dcrabJe aetaftiagt la ira-eaorM*, when ibcy ace At&attd is (A*
Mifthhaiiibinlofthefaa.
IU. « Mtrrtrr it ih$ m*$ fnff if tttlipiiitw atrif/wv *rry jrrttt
Sjtrtmu 0/ hUt.' it will fuiain the heat of incited tin, "ami of
fcaiJfrag aerctiry, which la£ Mr. Braian has (hewn, in the Memoir* of
the Hfcrtbtarvh Academy, erwndi to the ^roth oVorre alwre the
rrniior point ift Aaauraar'a leak, li will Ifcicewlfe j»*U-n aoi frc*
dtfcrcca below thai poiot, erooWd »n utmcial eoor,el*tio*, vrithowx
bciu>> itlclX frcacai 1 tha; n the whole, or note than doubt*
that number, w* tpprehcut}, accoidia« in Kaheet hr»'; j;r*ditario« f—
a range, the Aanoe cbierrm, fivt* liaac* grater than (ha interval
between Ueteaie*rat3r*c* rael^nj ice, ami that ofboirirq wafer ■.
J V. ■ dlff€*'i tmfmmt itftifmtrt rtaJ/f> te*x a*t Wave f r/-Vv /«/
t9imv*i*!n;H>*f*4*t.' Of tbc many atngulau properties of iMt
mmMral, chi« pcrhapa ii one of the mo* extraordinary. Thnegh i«
aeaboot i?do>eatlef»ferthan«i'<W, or highl/ wVtifcd fpkriu, it aa
fcajioa to »Ca»»o atd to part with beat mirta. lajler uWa that or any
other palpable fluid. Thu quality, Co different from what might bo
ctpocfted m pruri, fursaifcci a very iaArottive. Iclloe to philoiopV .
1,1 ■
* T!
m^Cttr j'-ar; oJ ' , between I
<omptitr< «i isd decrement: effcf at, and the oWt<.
Mo-sefntbebai.
to he ct^fTBoed ..:, or tOtWifj rich ofibc n^
fr^aatrofthefcale. :u . cwrrcfl tbfi-
rleai-fbondai.< ns ard con dm r..
the rrewury above the boiling and I ;.-*•,
ao diree* ejtperimeetj appear io haw been made !
oYfl* Aetbor. To taofe wlio may be inc.ir.ed to p>ru" in-
quiry cxptTiiucnlijfy, arid co proceed an the Toon;
Richaa**>qki talc .'
ntoreaUT r, we r.ni;!d fuRe^tff :
p-rly be fublbtvtcd r - the room 0 iuuox
H titer d«ertr»ir*te r ! it, more or Id. J by
more or ! . >!ed b) bcinj expofed it :
Iprtgo-ifc nr.xturei. But as the extrcm
will «nd to render th' r*foh . perhapi To»e r
<vb>ch *ill Iike>A»iI
. and a very conuderabtc debtee ct cut i*.-c<zi.-*r;, 4u4
ȣkh be&dtido not very readily acquire heat, or Jof<
■tested •' :u o| the m ployed u
t< adranti^e. The increaiino dirficwltiei, bc»
acearate ejtecataon of a p?M of e^perioitati ci .
from the great aecjuifitioni or loflW of heat prcouctd in rite lajx-
tafeJ, b; the diiTerrnt a?*d ^1/^*/ tempera :u:c «f the icStJa in m!(
tbey are made, xad by that of the mediaia^ and t> vAakka*
are f»e* a/ wftt rtcjotrtf a fhare of phU Vi^.aV \tt.fy«V^^ %ta\»
i<rfdrel*, ooyii at U*k \o \\iertc ox cat Na^W .
59ft De Luc m i4r Mtf/k*tfa£tl*iAimftbm.
apt to be folate* by the moft p1aa4tye«jalc.gY ; bat ia all^aJI-
cablo cafci to have aecourfe to a£tuaf and darccl experiments.
Notwithstanding the great utility derived from this quality, m t%e
cpnftradion of thermometers, particularly, ia. certain experiments,
M. Dvrtft, the Author's friend above-mentioned, has, in a work
poblifhed feme years ago* endeavoured to prove* that the compart*
tive tariimfi of fpirit of wine, in receiving the im prcftona of heat
and cold, may be fufficiently compensated for by its fuperior JiUia-
iilitjl fo that a fpirit-thennometer may be confb-ocled which (hill
be equally ftnjibU with one of mercury ; becaufe in confcquence of
the greater dilatabiJity of the fpirit, the bulb may be made comp.
rativcly fmaller than that of a mercurial thermometer. M. De Luc,
however* fatisfactorily (hews, that the extent in which this cxpedieai
can be reduced to practice, is infufficicnt to put a fpirit thermometer
on an equality with a mercurial one in this refpeft. The faftriir *'-
tatability of mercury, can be compenfated for by ufing a ctpliUrj
tube ; whereas the dtftB of finfikility in fpirit of wine casoot be re-
medied, as he propolci, by uiing a fmall bulb, without lofiog iVe ad-
vantage derived from its fuperior dilatability ; u the bore of the tote
of a fpirit thermometer muft, on Account of certain properties or* fh-.t
fluid, neccflarily be considerably larger than that of a mefcttrUl
thermometer.
We (hall take this opportunity to obferve, that a considerable part
of the great advantage derived from this extraordinary ftnfibiJitj of
mercury is loft, in confequence of the manner in which the mercurial
thermometers are ufually filled up. The bulb is generally received
into a circular hole made in the plate of metal on which the inJlrs-
ment is mounted, fo as not only to reft on the lower part of it. bat
frequently to be in contact, with it throughout a canfiderable part of
its circumference. By thefe means the motions of this nimh> fluid
are retarded ; and the activity and fmtkperetfihn of the mercury are
checked and blunted, by the fluggiJhnels of itc unfuting companion :
fo "that the linking them together, fecms a (cedes of tyranny cot an-
lilce that ofMczittims in Virgil;— the coupling of a living bo£y wiii-
a.dcad carcafs ;
Mortna quinetiam jungebat corpora /?W/. "*™ • ™ (
Wc lhall add an obfervation relative to this matter below*. 'r '■ •
.__ „. _ V.Tfce
t.t_ Having been engaged, a few years ago r in a tonrfepf experi-
ments, in which it was of fonie importance to have as carl/ a" notice
as, jttltblc of any changes in the temperature of the room; the in-
fluence of this caufe was inquired into, and the quantity of the cfip
jbontT to be more confiderable than was fufpr&ed. We mail gfe
thc^only minute that was taken of an experiment which was made to
afecftain St. An accurate Fahrenheit's thermometer, a Very finall
S'zrt'of tfie bnlb of which appeared to be in conuft with tfaeineUlf
ood' in a room at to", while the temperature of'the ootward air
was 320. Marks being previonfly macfe on the tube at both these
divifions, the thermometer was taken off from the plate, and fnC-
pended in the open sir; where it foon fetl to 32. On bringing k,
thus infulated, to its former Itation in the room, it role up to co^in
tight minutes. Replacing the ball in its copper frame, it was fsuaared
,
Yw M/fTtfJ *f rfftfTTtof:
Tie 'if: mt
- toe V
c r py«e inert
if a ffuene i
be cai'
tkr.; or r
ni'V 4 tl
rein*!
tarometer.
(hall her. :
the prefenu Wk
coarctation of the (
rbflt
.
or other qtu-
h cjnnc«
it*'.
of rn.Mcli unccrta nty, wfcea philofc*-
•ni ofc-Oico with their own.
, .11 well as with a view to oumJucc not*
fcrrdtSoDSj M. DtLuG fulfils philofo.
rnnoftie-
■rtaia tfce two nxc.*! poiou of t*e fcalcr
: wy.tr. This part of Mi
*nd difcolfiotw
he ebullition of ldl ;
ii »fte/!rd by the varying writhe of -he
In prOlcCi !j* ii'-
: coo ctrcuinllantinl, and to hare
ec attainable or accciTarj *" P"*-
e gratification which the experimental
\a:hor*t experiments with refpefl
to in which the combined and compti.
nt cicmentt, water, ore, and air,
Lppcan that « minute degree *f
fiiiJanienul poiati in (he
/ on account of the fubfervi«*c/
■> of height! by (he baro-
. ilr'i at ii coallxtucea A ne«cf-
. . .. ..i. *...:.;■; in the heat of the
i Reaumur'* fcilcj prcducio*, ao
:cx: an elrecl In t!ie compuurJon
1 a variation of a Use and a half in the
f tiii excellent performance for
ki, to return once more to the
■ tftortlT.
A k i. XT.
/_•.- Ja*. i>r L nccvawm.— The E!ejte*
J, Src. 8to. Pant. 13
Til OS el *ho ixa bc^ acqsaiated with Propertiut will »oft
reamiir ^raat Ua; tettiaiUtc him inx> aty modern language
U nw «aJy uik, and *aU be i Ipofcd ;o suite favourable allowance*
■- ■■ ■ i. - ■ ■■ ■ ■ — ■ 1 ■ . 1 .,.■>■
to itaod abroad tail the roecil aa well as the xeaenry had acq«:i
Icapcraioic oi Lie external air, where it Hood as before at 52.
tow beotiglu into tie fata* room (waer* u*e brae toad been ioc/raieS
1 degree) (be iraall part 0/ chr tone of coU ta=;ai wica wbicb the
b*.b waa ift tcauci. retarded -he ai'tcct or" irjc mcrcary £j macb,
thai it cook 00 lr|i thaa mwsrt* minute* in nriag rp to eo We
need so; fogeell the different expedient; J,' *Sjch th.t iropc:
jsav mo 1 cttcetuaiJy end coarcaiendy be remcied.
A/r.Rcr. Vol xfi*. Q^
59<> tfa Niflcry of French Literature.
for any dcfcfts that may attend fuch an attempt. His peculiar tares
■of expreffion, the rapidity ef hw transitions, hts- Metaphors, ajxlhii
frequent allufions to mythology, create no (mail difficulty to the ge-
nerality of readers, even to thofe who have a tolerable acquaintance
with the writings of the,Auguftan age .
M. De Longchamps appears to have ftudiea* lis authov with greti
care, and, in his notes, which are fubjoined to each book of the
Elegies, has very happily illuftrated many difficult paflagea. Tk
translation, which is in prole, and accompanies the text, Is not i
cold, literal txanflation ; out, if proper allowances are made for the
different genius of the Latin and French languages, has much of the
force and fpirtt of the original.
In a very ingenious preliminary difcourfe, the Translator compares
the characters of Ovid, Tibullus, and Propertias, and gives the pre-
ference to Propertius. What he fays upon this (object wiJi arrbrd plea-
fure to every reader who is converfant with the Roman poets, and
{hews him to be a man of tafte and judgment.
Art. XII.
. Mifioire 4$ la Literature F renvoi fe iefnis let Terns let fiias read? j*Pt*9 *
■ nes jours, avtc mm Tableau du Progres dti Artt daw la MBuartbifr—
The Hirtory of French Literature from the earl j eft Tines,***.
By Meflrs. De la Bartide-Senior and D'U ffieux. i jmo. 2 Vols.
Paris. 1772.
THE Authors of this Hlflory appear to be men of tafte, judgment,
and learning, and well qualified for the laborious taut they have
undertaken. — In the two volumes now before us, the hiHory of Freach
literature is carried down, from the earlieft times of which we hate
any accounts that can be depended upon, till the death of the Em-
peror Honorius, and we (hall be extremely glad to fee the wortc con-
tinued. The plan of it feems much better adapted to give the reader
a clear and diftinct view of the progrefs of literature arid the fine
arts, and likewifc of the c.-iufes that influenced this progrefs, than toe
plan which is followed by the learned tencdictins in their Literary
Hijlorj of France.
As the progrefs of letters is always connected with civil policy, asd
as letters have their revolutions as well as empires, onr Authors, in
the arrangement and diltribation of their materials, follow the natu-
ral and prorrcilivc order of hiilorical events, and, while they trace the
"progrefs of the human mind in literature, arts, and Sciences, they
.carefully mark thofe civil revolutions which precede or follow this
progrefs. Accordingly, their work is not divided into fixed andye-
gular periods, like that of the Benedictins, nor into diftinct aneffe-
paratc articles ; but they obferve the natural order and progreffion of
events.
*#* The Articles of Correspondence which we proposed to in-
fert in this Appendix, are transferred to the Review for Jan. 1774-
•J-4-+ TheAfMw/rr of the Foreign Academies, printed in the year 1773,
arrived too late for any account of them to be given in this Appendix,
hut they will certainty an^tax in o^r ta^v.
INDEX
To the R c M ARK A B l r P I fl i; s in thi.i
Vou .m e.
»
N. J:. ?> f*J any r Po-.kj p* Pimphict, |
Fsr tht r<mmfaH- ?*$*£** r* /><■ lor. ;n A licttt, fee the
Saszd J&i&t : Pari >fli ,
A.
A Uscviiu .«Um-, «*aM,
A **■ r°4-
Alt'*'
-■Ct>a, Mi
st> «r- "0 ibi^«t%faapu»
Alt. Art*, cnquiir •«• »» WMKIH41
r. WMuu.
•;**, ft.
AHtJUcA.Mcn*. ixK •nuiirt«CB£9.
■*><*, ir*.
i purfctti if.
aawi'fti 17-
, * : \"
•(■nprTtxinci^i in,
iumxuf, 44*. txr**tuz*G«t (41*17
*tfafr*Miai> "•
B
BAc*.C. P. t.'or«.«
C :TfU« 4 w*h (to jcungrr *c*rtitt»»
in.
•
■
4i*~*i*. Ft 1
>.-jU„ .1, 1. 1 1
10
P
• wUfi'j aitiU-i, of Birt-n,
1 m || * i^fjf!, 4-t,
D '. fcJ E'T.y m TniOi 1*.
■■■ Umt9t
mire !•: .1 lo ^ iflilin
', 1 14.
I
w
I
D B » 1 « '•
riNt* .1 H.-r -, z:
ttii' *fc*fth,
3»i. O! In rr.r. , ,., .. ,iH++j
Bviow, ' '
i *»« r/
*•*»
%%**•*
* * b n x.
Bt eojr, Commodore,; his' voyage' round '
the woHd, in tb« frlp Dolphin, 140.
* W» description of ftwTflind of Tlni»n,
very different from Anion's, 143, His
• retain to England, 14.5.
C.
CAwaba, Insportanee of tie conqoeft
of, by the Engliih, 374.
CAaTEBiT.Capt. fails in the Swallow,
bo iht Sooth Seat, in tompanj with
Capt. Walln, 355. MiferaMy fitted
on?, ib. Parta company with the Dol-
£hin, anj eaperiencte the moft fevere
trdfhip, 350, Capt. C.*a refolute and
fpiriced behaviour it Maeaflar, j66.
Arrives at B.caria, 368. Return* to
England, 369.
Cat>>, Cicero*i work fo entitled, cha-
racier of, 109. Elegantly traafiatejl,
. ib.
Ckabcoal, obf.oathe noxJoas vapour*
of, 1S8.
Cuaslxi II. hn ridiculous proclamation
againft the coifeehoufct, iot.
Cbeiokh Indians chantfmxrd, 37$.
Cm 11 ia x. Sec Gown.
>■ Ciena o, his e6ay on old age, encotniuni
•a that work, 109. Elegant ttanfla-
tian of by Melmotb, ib. His fin* re-
■VJionaon the bippincfi of a future
Aaie, 110,
Couiiooii, Mr. his account of Kei'a
Cohy houfe, »r 5.
Colombo root, enquiry into the medi-
cal fropcibciof thtt orosj, 187.
.Coose, Capt. bis voyage to tbe four hern
hemlfphere, 479. Arrives at Otaheite,
483. Curious accoont of that ill and
- and its inhabitants, ib.-— 490. Hii
riiftoacriea at New Zealand, 491. Al
Hew Sooth Wales, 404- H" difhefa
at Bauvia, 496. Returns to England,
497-
Com hi, taid to b« fpnati of the rheunu-
tifea, 1*7.
CtOMwiLL, OHier, public effects of hia
• exaltation, $9. Hii conduct compared
with Cirfir't, ICC*
Cduribland, Duke of, his ftatoe in
CarenaUuVfquate criticised, 105.
D.
DAvixt, prophecies of. See Mi*
CBAXLIB. SMV^LTBOaKH.
DBMiDorr, Mr. his account of (orae
curious Terror:** antiquities, %rf.
Dionoaoi Sicnlus, his account of lavage
nations, 314. •
PiaiiBTxi*, their teierarioo bill dc-
' fended, 89. ■» ' -
vapours of burning c^a*nfo*V aft i
Ootvifiwl'fth;, her voyages totneleatA
Sea, ax. 137, ftfo. ■ "
DoOMIVAT-WOOK.IOfDCBRKaBMtefvTa.
Where kept, ib. ProjccxTOTfrihtiaK,
by what aeeant defeated, 3loi
Diiidik, pre feat ruinous rtate of tin
capital, ai|.
DaowVtwo, accovirt of. saiaaM pafif a
Holland to recover pevfiaau Ufr>W t*
be drowsed, 309. i..--
Dutck, at tbe ilUnd wi CWeka$- their
UhofpitaMe and trad wchavkjar: to
Capt. CatVhrct, j«6. v rptyrs"
EAxtm, feriptaodliiaiij a*t|pai mi.
tion of, 444.' '?"*.!**•**? •'»
Ei>wab a IV. hia rein* rwMm to the
wcJftraaf the natioat, Mb..;
Eh.x AT.oa, Art, tar anyone Wind
the world, 47 a— 4e4. - .'. 1 t '.
Ef-fixVir, tnwiedwia for, ly^-Than-r-
##. rvrwraawaied, ih. BrOnteon 0/
an caMlepest patient, 311.. - , ' Js
■ /
FAtHS,i«taaur]eetm ihiianaaaa ian br-
twtenthe im d, aad the prvea* of
provifiom, 151. ^.
Faaouu, the celebnred Pcruan poet,
acewaec ot, sg). rl >s -wrtdf epic
poeiM,«l4. ";f ' i\" t
Fiaousoa, Jisnaa, kk acraarar ajf hit
own lireana ftodtox, 45 a. 1 • :
F«vaai, alt *■; lal VlUiflaliia
126. Of battiini; in, -ib^ 'B—imiii.
ting, rva-aean for, ajm. -AeemaioK,
cure of, iMi Miliary feexaaiM brtj
iconrka no, 191. E*aCvpanl> tW-Coco-
moa feverr, divioa* and cUfW, 433,
aiaiigiunt, dUt^iaguiaBaal ao./aontnw
andaurjaw, 436. '
FfTzwicLrA«ft Dr.- hi* setter ta Lady
RufTel, 59. . vi;
Fokitki, ler. hia ocacr«lseBeo> feme
very carioaa rama/i di&»tted-in Tar-
«*r7» *5».
FoTfieeontt, Dr. accooBtof the law-
fait herwera him aad the ietc Dr.
Ceeds, 310. - ,; "
O. ,'.-.
GAeciLAiao deUVeaa, hit arcoan:
of American tavagea, 31/. .
Cay, Mr. hia elegiac opiflle' to a friend,
« «f-
CeNiuB, floe allceorkaJ Description of,
47J.
GeaiaiAav
V
I N D E JC
Cooc*.' '««* 0! fc»fff'«
ro*v« 'J. ip.
C»ku, Oi. 4dfri»«C£i.Wi -h.fi.
•fCUA-n, «♦.
Gi'4»«<iW'*"B-af*'r '7*
H.
HA »>+»», M*»**»iM«fUuir» *c
, J* •ocoto/Ffwe.-, -■
)**« i, U fa** wtintnn * l*lu*#y aiu-
fU9+m»AP mn+tOkm tinr ef tU
Mndl of, 5t|. Hoj4fl»it» s**uad
byrhrF«tM«» t»e fie.
IIimt K. foTW «bc Jtttt of 4oo«Mr-
*tlnb»4» an. W" iMrignn w«h
U* Par*, te cblt arfci, lb. Antra Mi
cbot fct4f4om» •&» tit a UatA Jo
rit Ml ■■»>i for jfionoing
Ac'fec •£ #>- k-fc^-*> 4*4-
•— VIII. lAwMWfl .Mtata n
L a Jt»«t%» romp. iM. l-oW, 44$.
Hi'M'tr*, fcafaapta' Li**©**. oU Ul>,
♦ ,. Tmm *i*s<«7 «■» 44-
IliOP v * Ti, ftt«f%l •& f* :b« inij.
of, ib.
t.
Ttwi, )m awnaflbed at Qatar*, .alba
J «ipi of Hmry ITU far tbe K
«m»4tb*ir»rttfctu, il
li>iu«l»ft.fcw ly omai^oa, iov
IxDiAvi, iff, Anvrna-, #ki «f, ar ilic
tilted" i--i f*i> fe't^ n <>»-- IMA 1,,
■■——-- Ayt^niw, fiom#*«^«ni c', :i.
C»»'x«i c iof*icr.*i»eii, 374. Re
OA*Vkt«rarbr »ar-l <b«ricl-i
> JWiaM IftffMBl. :,
facuu» A-af, «fcaiH ptailiirfo, 174,
Rckc£<i f=r, 170 A<*w«m of (Wt
as-jtmy «l tU ttfMVri 10 tk« pj+: uf
eb* »«iU, jf4
tUMinvmniMoM Iron t »e tub
y«. 4*«<
Jj*Ki, Mr. tb« ^nMOiMH»i|l, bii
uinkl W IM ran iWr*, «t«,
ji«T»M, Dr. cam«k ••aeJetn, from
hn finwtu 00 ed.oTuliirfcl hitUry,
sty.
In 1 a hp, rtmarbi on tic udaUMA
bat bdkory, 4*. 194. HlfkMrfUM»
•»>, 157. Cpo^irioo at lba'l'i tt t<.
-CMrbinity, a tr»kiAf ^t«irt. €07.
Coftfajucncci of, ib. I tu:i<*JrOr»of
/.tfrr-y*, ioS. IntMduO&vn of the
»«nts j4*. Um HcwyS miriL,
an* for***, j#t. HitaornlsfeaOrm,
bjJt| etui.,* ^iKHr^iU, ,44.
7 uvea** *> ti. um of *,.
tlu*J|I. j<». 1<<^ farrtly .W^l
V«k iniLiKin*il44<. flcnr> VU.
'-'^ninji vY,rart.
'i*r*4U, to. Hulnryc*c<rnttr4tAlM
iupi«( £iiubtth, 471.
T^ En ft ico 7 t . D«. irtxkad. wirk pm
JV ctf* co hii QBlUtitii of i4c Htbum
Ktr'i cot-h«r*, Mf««int of t)>«i nia.
WllLMfr Fjrther »nonni of, ,»r,
K***. «< £*f»»»»J, fc*ff«»|« 4«it i#,
•l«ioA the *^y> of 107*1 rwrry, f.^
L.
LAKCV4CT, Cirt»>l WMfkl«4
oritUrf. J67, 534— ;jt.
La**, «riiAaa«t «f EagitM. *ifp|K
iio*of totiw 4cjTtouf twJu l(r»,
Li a Atriuasi, bu k»4*i of (trtfima
Kmtj J17-
LailKTT, •trrcftAbla abvfr of Iw ?«ty
wiilua iad libcllcn, 103. /br-ktir
re^cieaJai br (lit juUiqe eilMirri ftr ■
MW-WI, -^
Livi, hatupj J«'»iI».S.f}^*J«rtim*(ltfL
■n
Liv», JtojMtcf • fr*j*i»nr «T bit bll
l«fy. ilLUicrrt M ibe V«Uc44 U*V
«44.
Lo»t*Kf ron\|t4r»l wiib 4»c»c«CR(
4J- 1" poruloiftcu^ *?. Pol
■ u:!«it«i in, d<icrib«d, M4.
Lc tTiiT. Tui'cjs, mjikibit Ujb
If'
Lv. « i^ Jsr.lJfof, 477.
lHt*P, o** of hU i. ^*fx<*, »4f,
LwoC*M_i M*, or t.-«io, u Sorry,
ten* iwmi of, jti.
Ltitsl7o#, Ur4, potfkil
nene to Ui mTrr, ,17.
•o.
MAoiiT t Arv, fic^nrnr
liryof. 103. Sbimc/nOy
« tbc tf/MrOU OWJH of *
MftChMIJ, l»»OlU*tlt*o/kAiJJ
M^v, craAVAtTOilfta foiirtAaio, jj^
Viiinwipcocauf, 3»J— 330.
M*xifiii», Lord. >ccLi>iitv.
Matifks Hi, bii two of ib* ooocat
ruAitjrM o!<kmrtkvAa«*^
INDEX.
Mil mot k, Mr. bis rraoflation of Tul-
1*', Cato commended, log. His
Otahzitz, Capt. WtlVu'i uxo**t/4t,
]* , cato coramcooco. 109. nu ag*— joi. Capt. Cooit't account,
philofophical eftiraate 0/ human life, 484—488.
Ovxaj* Outang, curious account of that
animal, 171. Said to be or* the hu-
man fpecics, 331.
- "**
Mich ah ii, bis expedition of Daaiel'i
70 week*, a6j.
Mi us, Dr. bis difqutfition on the pre-
sent lent by King Alfred to feme ca-
tbcd/ali, ifl.
Wimi, the powers of, not enlightened
in thole climates that arc moft expoicd
to the action of the fun, 457.
Mixaciks, the credibility of, defended
again.* Hume, 387.
'Mm/ a Mah*di, his Hiflory of Nader
Slab, translated, tSo. Account of
thil vwi'er, 2S1.
Monk, GcacmI, his comiufl at the re*
flotation confuted, 100.
Wc. s r. Mil'*, btr poetry commended, w a.
MiHMiii, CXplJ nation 01" that Old-
n«:\\* icrm, <j»j,
Misu'm, llritnh, account of the raii-
' "air., dec, tlrpofi:cJ there, 135.
N.
NAplis, atr of, ir.mitflaot and un-
healthy, xj. Native* of, their
m.>nnci ■ 34. Bcauuiul bay of, de-
scribed, 16 ♦
Natu»A! Hiftory, tts late great pro-
grefs in thi> country, 314. Little at-
tuition paid to it among our country-
men refitting in difram climates, 2x5.
Ki'.v linglan.!, account of the farms and
plantations th.'re, 20.
Nrw Zealand, Capt, Cook's difcovunes
luilMt tO( 491—494*
•m at New Sooth Wales, ib.
"Nidioi m, Dr. hit theory of the Soul,
!;8.j. Of the circulation through the
icarr, ib.
Nonjuror, rcafons given by one. for
not taking the oalh to King William,
s"
OGrtiA, Queen of Otihc.ie, ccAnp-
lufiiil her pcr^n, &c. :9s. JJer
attention to the E»tl.;)i, =99. Mu-
tual civiliiics between her and Cap;.
Walli', jlo. Her grirt at the Depar-
ture of ihc Dolphin, 301. Equally at-
tentivc to Capt. Cook, Mr. Banks, &c.
4S4. Farther particulars relative to
this la.'y, 4S5 — 4SS. Feigned poetical
epiitle I'lum, 10 Mr. Banks, 50;.
O* .* k r, ., Frinccft of, her letter to Lady
Ruffe], 5$.
Oxdfh, poetical encomium on the love
of, 121. The unmeaning want of c-
sfrr in garilenin^, exo\odcd, ny t>t-
viatiom ftom, in t\« human nwft&t **■
counte-J fur, and octuioca, tt*
5
P.
PApisti, not proper pcrfians to at-
tempt the ccttVtt&on of Infi.frU,
'9*.
Pataconiaks, called ire accoonta of
our late voyagers, relative to tocos,
290.
Pxggx, Mr. his difjuifkion oa tha
. Saxon word st'efie/, or orwW, a?r.
His aconnt of the bull-niiwiingatTu:-
bory, 1S3. His oof. oa Ds» Percy's
acccunt of minfrreli among thtSaxainr,
2 t i. His account cf tie craw, as a
difh faved up at gjrat taUea, ;jtu Gt
the battle of Chefier field, 16c.
Petukcal, Di. his accooai 01 the
Guh tf Aigufi, 179. His ohf. m «
altar with a Greek infcnptlon, found at
Corbridge, ilj.
Physic, the great inflruments of, what,
"5"
Plato, his fame virolcatly; attacked,
. 4*8-
PottNAL, Governor, bis defrriptiaci of
a curious fei'ulcbxal taouuatnt in Ire-
land, s6i.
Preaching, new way of, in thf lime
of King Julin, JS5. Ch«o^a- tn«t
hate bipponed in the modes ot, fince
t Ue time ui' Elisabeth, 4if .
Taovi'.ioNs, caufca of the rife. of* ia*
vemgatcd. ii.
PstssiA, Kiag of, his taAc koufr,
Psai mop*, flate of, under the Jewiii
difpenf-.tion, 427. Nut tijiwed as an
act of Cbnf.-.j.u worfhip,430. The prcw
priety and u !■:>■ of, in our ch-J?e>ic:,
ii'. .i:,':;.!.-:'i allowed, ib. U.:recliont
f.r our conduct in the execution of tins
pait of our 1 u..lic devutions, 431. The
CKigy cenluied for their dlfrr^d i*f it,
433-
QUantz, M. ma/ler of muf;; at the
cout of PrulTu, acvountoi, ti6.
R.
ROota, Eiinop of Saium, (oroe ac-
count of, 257.
RisssL, Lord, accufedof ;n:rigu:n: with
the a^ent of France, a. His charac-
ter vindicated, 4.
•^■***i l^tthaAi her kttet to
C\\«\t\\\. sn«
s.
N
3
D
SAi: OIT. t .*$'.*. (
w#i ipiibi !?•.
5*1*1X1/,, 't.;#l ' ■
**J. U. Rcmi'k.blt «<)«*<ry *f \U
Krnf, **;. Se* more wader An«.
ML I.
I4Y* 1 Of", JJ4—310.
bo* r«-
■ ■
5» 'furl * -
Mriarj larnr.
hi* ova vcki, 411, Hint
■ ■. » pi^urcof him, fcuoioJ
«n lln» «<>cwrnff-
SMiflir, Wm. fct«ff«i 1
<Ptr »f 1I1* Jfc"7. .'sgtm*
Si£* jWc'* how' inptVj by Mr.
Sl»-""<r, a Ifm ■ owi wind, in
■ ♦ ♦■
SfiTviV. Pop*, hli r'tortut ?untft-
jt*«tcf nimiiuli vniltO, JO^< Hiyvt
ift<;"lt of, ib.
Sifiiry. «;»i!. cnq-.iry tnlo 'he or!|io
</, JU. Not from natuw, jjo.
Son A-ri', Mi memnn moftv, 453.
n, Or- !ii» »•>■*** »iU»ti; .
**10ffK. f»« 4ifcoveriei in the :
i ■ ■" j 1 < >•, *:g. i: ir. :i- .-:.- it j «' -
1 n«»- Mi: T/rn d#l
481 -* iir;h*l/, 4S4. Hit
iiK<cft in hit botanical rtfurcoei it
WcW /.f JinJ, «0J.
rent on di'-co,
'I * Spirit **ai( jj6. StanUaul!) ua-
fievMev fflMh* iwip, lb.
HftdoCAITIIlT.
I . . Alcorn, aCi*fVi i/ lifUiiif a
corrupt tntcrtsurfc »!ffi fbe *x«nt uf
fran
E X.
T.
i 1 Im
Ti» . . • . L-.
if pry. 1-4.
Ti/«i*. pcculiu ricMftcft «rAn eiplrat,
I=, Scernuic untie ■ 1»«i»:ma,
1, m:4err, ITiM#
Ij . Inrianctc' in tha.r rimi'l -
n**, 14.
. ji {umenii p»o and ton canting
jd, iln tVrrftwadfrva. Ttnkm
oM, so, 41c, C.
v
TniTKUHV, M#. hit oot oflDl.
V niel, At. j»:.
VcmItiv , medical confutation on 4
*»fe of, 41a.
Vctacii, d.r»aJMD4cuIi»f colons »"**»
■«■
W.
WAll 1., CoC. bittvpfi WJ-t
foul hern bcmilfhcix, i^j, lUg
account of th: raU^onuaiia, 199. A--
rlvN >tt)' ibi :.-, 19 1. :,
Particular Kiieniien yn.
Qu«n,^8. Proceed* to 6»t*.
kctuini to EaifJaad, 304.
V/A7(.i», Mr. hii »;»,.jh( oe'DrukC.-il
ftrrum' near Halifax, xftj.
Whits.*. Mr. fiii Urta concafajrtg
lot oU wall at Vcrolam,
Wooi-, Anient, n... , ,., I !,
Ian, ■ , lib.
WOILM, &&-*£, tDll
fiuni lit laru u< Muum
W.^>,Wr biaobT.ooa omiU
troei Au..*i, i};.
INDEX
M"-H T
•wl
in
*A
TtfMtWBt. SMQsvft .
bU«o*»tii, cBtaoaa ■■ytihftrti ta-
btiai to, i to— cgj.
IniMK, 1 4* of, IMM
Ckxhiitrt, tLMld pri«fTJa of, 5*|-
Cicibo, bit naitj tpohgliw fee, 551*
Cm mi it, daa* Mb is priemiaf , faf .
Thdrnto/ war. 555. Wa* *rfca*t-
aataaftaaBBitaiai, ffa»
D.
PiLvc, M. hb wilWilf^il bW
dm prop«Tti« of Ike a*aooi>b«Tt, •*-
■■■itii,*c 579.
PitcivLiHt, aaifliau, eartaat *fwyr
rf ta« f«Wt crRd af, la ■ Ckincfa
**** fc
»Airf ia literary kkwr, oat U orj>
■ttaiarf, 564-
tarniAM, canto* aetata* of thrtr
Iw^aMo cwftan af aeaaoaaciBf taaa-
**1 ontfea*, 545, Aott^ity of their
0f tr* polite art*, rfo. Na
ato WUtW.CI1.fi,
Fbbilow, aat Tetaaae
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